pasate 'a- necktie e* nw Came geet HORS Gent neha ee ae Re See - Paget aire htm eee mae ene ere em nteatant Sharad hee: at Ae te tel ee eet a ote trtl City a OSS ~e- < wv eee ay ae 25 = nae S ~ SES hae S ee oe es Se See eee oe: . AAA AAA IRMA ACD EX LIBRIS William Healey Dall Division of Mollusks Sectional Library _< Sy ee, man ne wi 4 1% (ae ¥ ‘ i ¥ ? ad 1 yall ves a4 : A ae fee Peed, maar Me a) A em VIE alt n deo Fer ty CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA: OR, LEU Sakae LO INS OF THE SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS. VOL. XIV. CONTAINING MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA HALIA. CHONDROPOMA. CHAMOSTREA. CONCHOLEPAS. ADAMSIELLA. VENUS. ZIZYPHINUS. ANASTOMA. DIONE. TEREBELLUM. TRIDACNA. CIRCE. PALUDINA. HIPPOPUS. CYTHEREA. CYCLOLUS. ANATINA. TAPES. PTEROCYCLOS. TUGONIA. MEROB. BY LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., F.G.S., Cr CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF WURTEMBERG, OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OY NEW YORK, OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, AND OF THE ZOOLOGICO-BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF VIENNA. *O, quantum Natura varia est! componit, coagmentat, separat, iterum jungit, ludit quoque, ut fallere videatur ; sed manet simplissima, manet veridica natura:—post Biblia saera, nullus mihi carior libro naturee.”’—K/ein. LONDON: LOVELL REEVE & CO., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1864. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS i Ae ele (AG * Meditation here May think down hours to moments. °— Cowper Halia Pl. 7 Vincent Brooks, Imp EA eAy, IPTAT Eee Genus HALIA, Risso. Testa oblongo-ovata, ventricosa, tenuicula, spird subeuserta, apice obtusd, anfractibus quingue ad sex, levigatis, subcorneis, superné obtuse declivi-angulatis, columella arcuatd, versus basin calloso-involutd, truncata ; aper- turd ampld, supra et infra sinuatd, labro simplici. Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose, rather thin, spire some- what exserted, obtuse at the apex, whorls five to six, smooth, slightly horny, obtusely slopingly angled, columella arched, callously involute towards the base, truncated ; aperture large, sinuated above and below, lip simple. The very characteristic shell, of which back and front views of two specimens are given in the accompanying plate, appears to have been first known about the same time in Germany and England, between eighty and ninety years ago. In Germany it was named by Meuschen, in the Catalogue of the Gronovian Museum (1778), Helix Priamus, indicative of its belonging to a terrestrial mollusk. In England its generic character and habitat were more correctly designated, for it was named by Martyn in his ‘Universal Conchologist,’ Buccinum ficus, from Spain, and illustrated by two very beautiful drawings. Various conjectures have been made by naturalists as to its place in the system, some referring it to Buda, but the greater number, including all the higher authorities,— Bruguitre, Lamarck, Férussac,—have inclined to the opinion that it must belong to a land snail of the Glandina section of Achatina. After the lapse of more than half a century, the notion of its being the shell of a sea mollusk was revived by the Danish conchologist, Dr. Beck, who became possessed of some new information on the subject, which he communicated to M. Deshayes while engaged upon his edition of Lamarck’s Anim. sans vert. In vol. vill. of that work, in a note to p. 300, published in 1838, M. Des- hayes announced that the shell under consideration could no longer remain in Achatina, Dr. Beck having informed him that it belonged toa marine operculated mollusk living in the seas of Spain and Portugal, and that it must hence- forth rank as a new genus allied to Buceinum, for which the old specific name of Priamus was proposed. This in- formation helped to confirm the original statement of Martyn, which has been overlooked by all subsequent writers, that the shell was a “ Buccinuwm from Spain ;” but the intimation conveyed by Dr. Beck, that the animal is opereulated, has been since shown to be erroneous. In 1846 it was discovered by Herrmannsen that the Priamus is identical with a fossil of the miocene beds of Turin, named by Broechi Bulla helicoides (Conch. Foss. Subapp. 1814, p. 283), for which Risso had in 1826 (Hist. Nat. Prod. Europe Mérid. vol. iv.) proposed a new genus with the name of /Halia. tained of the recent Helix Priamus of Meuschen being identical with the fossil Bulla helicoides of Broechi, and now that ow knowledge of the animal justifies us in making it the type of a separate genus the generic name of Priamus gives way to that of Halia, proposed twelve years before by Risso. In 1858 all doubt as to the character and habits of this mollusk were set at rest in an able monograph by M. P. Fischer, of Paris, published in the third volume of the second series of the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie. M. Fischer already possessed a fragment of the animal, col- lected by a French botanist, M. Picard, travelling on the coast of Spain, when a more perfect specimen, preserved in spirits, sent to him by a Spanish gentleman, M. de Elizalde, enabled him to complete the anatomy. The re- sult of M. Fischer’s dissection went to show that there were No doubt is now enter- no traces of an operculigerous lobe nor of any operculuin, and that in the principal features of its organization the animal is nearest allied to the inoperculated Defrancia section of Pleurotoma. Another specimen of Halia, with the animal, lately re- ceived from Vigo Bay by Mr. Darbishire, of Manchester, has, I believe, been submitted for dissection to the care of Mr. Albany Hancock, of Newcastle. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming; Fig. c, d, Mus. Newman Smith.) Hara Priamus. Hal. testé ovatd, tenuiculd, ventricosd, fulco-spadiced, subcorned, maculis rubro-castaneis quadratis subremotis, nisi circa anfractuum partem superiorem, fusciatim aspersd, anfractibus levibus, nitentidus, interdum quasi encausticis, vel longitudi- naliter arcuatim plicato-striatis, columella arcuatd, callosd, subcontorta; apertura ampld, utrinque sinuatd, labro simplici. Tue Priam Haxta. Shell ovate, rather thin, ventricose, fulvous-fawn, rather horny, sprinkled except about the upper part of the whorls with bands of distant square reddish-chestnut spots, whorls smooth, shi- August, 1863. HALTA——Prare, I: ning, sometimes as though enamelled, or longitudi- nally areuately plicately striated, columella arched, callous, slightly twisted ; aperture large, sinuated at both ends, lip simple. Helix Priamus, Meuschen, Cat. Mus. Gronov. no. 1355. Buecinum fieus, Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. iii. pl. 81. Buceinwn stercus-pulieum, Chemnitz. Bulla stercus pulicum, Gmelin. Bulimus Priamus, Bruguicre. Bulla helicoides, Brocchi. Bulla Priamus, Dillwyn. Ampulla Priamus, Bolten. Achatina Priamus, Lamarck. Helix (Cochlicopa) Priamus, Ferussac. Halia helicoides, Russo. Priamus stercus-pulicum, Beck. Achatina maculata, Swainson. TTalia stercus-pulicum, Herrmannsen. Priamus helicoides, Sismonda. Halia Priamus, Woodward. Hab. Atlantic coast of Spain. The glairy enamel-like surface of this shell shows that it is largely enveloped by the mantle of the animal: in most specimens the permanent contact of the mantle to the under surface being widely marked. It is always of a peculiar fulvous-fawn or nankeen colour, sprinkled m the suture and below the angle of the whorls with bands of small square distant reddish-chestnut spots. The plicate sinuation of the lines of growth at the suture indicates a development of shell-matter somewhat analogous to the growth of the shells of the family to which M. Fischer in- clines to refer it. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CO NC 1-0 1b PAGS: “Where rose the mountains, there to him were friends ; Where roll’d the ocean, thereon was his home.”— Byron 7 a6 = - 4 oa «ae oo 7 - : » 7 > : 7 7 . : 1 i= y i r (i an : : iF: nh , ’ e " a is t : rl ; oy z : - a - = _ : - co = 7 , 7 D © a _ ~~ - > — = - = a — a : it : “ : ao - | ; 7 a ' : - = 7 - > > . oe - oe By : a e , | —-) - — > : 7 7 : _ - - _ — : 7 - a - - _ : 7 ee i. - . 7 _ : : : . : > » : : - ua - : 7 i i - 7 f J : _ _ oat ; 2 = 7 a a _ - et : 7 _ : tT >= hte a a : - - - 7 7 _ - . a! a - : ; ; _ a 7 = > 7 : . ; 7 7 @ a 7 _ ae | | _ ae | ; | : 7 ‘Dp _ : Concholepas PLT. Vincent Brooks, Imp CONCHOLE PAS. Puate I. Genus CONCHOLEPAS, Lamarck. Testa ovata, ventricosissima, spird minutd, anfractibus tribus, rapidissimé accrescentibus, ultimo peramplo, apertura patuld, ad basin modicé canaliculata, labro continuo, jucla canalem bidentato. neum, parviusculum. Shell ovate, extremely ventricose, spire minute, whorls three, increasing very rapidly, last whorl very large, aperture wide open, moderately channelled, lip con- tinuous, two-toothed next the canal. Operculum horny, rather small. Concholepas is a form of Purpura inhabiting the western coast of South America, from Eeuador to Cape Horn, round to the eastern shores of Tierra del Fuego. The growth of the shell is limited to three whorls, and so small, consequently, is the spire that it has very much the appearance of a Limpet. The sculpture radiates from the apex in ribs and ridges, and these are mostly im- bricated with concentric frills of scales. As in Purpura and Monoceros, the aperture is notched and toothed at the base, the lip being continuous in an expanded form over the columella. I venture to characterize two species. Operculum cor- | Species 1. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) CONCHOLEPAS PERUVIANUS. Couch. testa ovald, ventri- cosd, rufescente-brunned, in testa juniore interduin albo-maculatd, radiatim costatd et liratda, costis liris- que subirregularibus, concentrice plus minus fimbriato- squamatis. Tue PERUvIAN CoNCcHOLEPAS. reddish-brown, sometimes blotched in the young shell with white, radiately ribbed and ridged, ribs and ridges rather irregular, concentrically more or less fimbriately scaled. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 10. p. 126. Buceinum concholepas, Bruguicre. Patella lepas, Gmelin. Buccinum lepas, Burrows. Shell ovate, ventricose, Purpura Peruviana, De Blainville. Hab. Peru. The typical state of this species is with the outer sur- face elaborately imbricated with concentric frills of scales. Specimens are, however, found with the scales almost ob- solete. In the young shell there are mostly blotches of white. June, 1863. ei y 7 i iv 7 1 a Unie? 4h 2 ioe v = a) ... a ia] = a u Wy hy i ‘ a) ‘ ; : =A HY." fap ‘kq H Id Sv@ep0Y9u0) CONC HOLE PAS. PEATE ls Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, ¢, Mus. Cuming.) | Hab. Cape Horn, and Bay of Good Success, East Tierra : , ¥ | del Fuego. CoNCHOLEPAS OBLONGUS. Conch. testa oblongo-ovald, ad | = Mr. Cuming has long kept this oblong form of Con- cholepas separate from lis numerous varieties of the Peru- vian species. It is from Cape Horn and the East side of Tierra del Fuego. Time will show whether its charac- basin subatlenuatd, ugricante-brunned, radiatim lirald, | liris subirregularibus, rudibus, obsolete nodulatis. THE OBLONG ConcHoLeras. Shell oblong-ovate, some- | what attenuated towards the base, blackish-brown, | radiately ridged, ridges rather irregular, rude, obso- teristic proportions and rude blunted sculpture are per- letely noduled. | manent. June, 1865. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS DENS ED. We NE Be Se “QO Nature! by impassioned hearts alone Thy genuine charms are felt. The vulgar mind Sees but the shadow of a power unknown.” — Pringle Hg fi idk Ui * : — Ga } fz Tiitee O64 7 i @€ t eeixyphinus PLT. Sowerby, del. et lith Vincent Brooks, hnp LACEY HAN UES; PratE I. Genus ZIZYPHINUS, Leach. Testa subacute conica, rard umbilicata, varié colorata, se- pissime grano-lirata, interdum levis, apertura oblique subquadratd, labro simplici, columella plus minus cal- losd, argented, raro dentatd. Operculum corneum, tenue, circulariter spirale. Shell rather sharply conical, rarely umbilicated, variously coloured, mostly grain-ridged, sometimes smooth, aperture obliquely subquadrate, lip simple, columella more or less callous, silvery, seldom toothed. Oper- culum horny, thin, circularly spiral. The genus Zizyphinus was proposed by Dr. Leach for the reception of the British species of Zrochus, six or seven in number, partaking of the general typical character of the well-known Linnean Zvochus zizyphinus. At New Zealand and Western Australia this particular generic type is still more characteristically developed ; there is, indeed, good ground for believing that the above-named species is possessed by the very remote seas of Europe The shells are rather sharply conical, mostly sculptured with rows of grains or grained ridges, and the prevailing colour of the species is that of the Zizyphum, or Jujube-fruit, a dull flesh-tinged yellow, or yellowish-brown. The columellar axis of the shell is callous and silvery, arched, but rarely ending in a tooth, and still more rarely umbilicated. The operculum is horny, thin, and regularly circularly spiral. Of about fifty species of Zizyphinus inhabiting the eastern hemisphere, at least half are natives of the seas of West Australia and New Zealand, eight are European, one North African, and two Japanese. Eight inhabit the Philippe Islands, Tranquebar, and Malacca, and one the shores of Bombay. ferred to this genus from the New World, five from Cali- fornia, Honduras, and Panama, one from Puget Sound, and one from Lord Hood’s Island in the Pacific. and Australia in common. Only seven species are re- Speeies 1. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS SELECTUS. Zizyph. testd subdepresso-conoi- ded, tumidd, versus apicem attenuata, anfractibus de- clivi-rotundatis, spiraliter grano-liratis, carneo-alba aut flavescente, granis irregulariter ustulato-rufo tinctis, colore obscurissime biseriatim maculata. Tue cHotce Zizypuinus. Shell rather depressly co- noid, swollen, attenuated towards the apex, whorls slopingly rounded, spirally grain-ridged, flesh-white or yellowish, grains irregularly stained with burnt red, the colour being very obscurely disposed in two rows of blotches. Trochus selectus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. x1. p. 168. pl. 196. £. 1896, 1897. Hab. New Zealand. Distinguished from Z. granatus by its depressly swollen proportions and the promiscuous burnt-red colouring of the grains, which stand out more conspicuously on a paler ground. Next the suture, and at the periphery of the whorls, the colour is very obscurely disposed in blotches. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS GRANATUS. Zicyph. tesla regulariler conoided, anfractibus declivi-convewis, dense grano-liratis, rufes- cente-albdé vel carned, infra suturas subobscuré rufo strigato-maculatd, granis alternatim, vel in interstitirs, rupis. GRAINED ZIZYPHINUS. whorls slopingly convex, densely grain-ridged, red- dish white or flesh-tinged, rather obscurely streak- spotted beneath the sutures, grains red alternately or THE Shell regularly conoid, in the interstices. Trochus granatus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p. 100. pl. 170. f. 1654, 1655. Hab. Tasmania. Although this shell is much smaller than that repre- sented by Chemnitz, there is every reason to believe that it is an average example of the species. It is of a more regularly conical form than the preceding species, dit- ferently coloured. Martyn’s Trochus tigris, which Deshayes refers to this species, is quite another shell, for which see Sp. 4. Sy Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) ' ZIZYPHINUS ARTICULATUS. Zizyph. testa depresso-conaided, versus apicem attenuatd, anfractibus depresso-convexts, ad peripheriam subangulatis, spiraliter grano-liratis, June, 1863. ZIZYPHINUS.—Pratr I. liris alternatim majoribus, linearibus, continuis, car- ned, liris albido et rufo nitide articulatis, basi levi- | gata, circulariter incisd, rufo remote articulatd. Tae aRTiIcuLaTED Zizypuinus. Shell depressly conoid, attenuated. towards the apex, whorls depressly con- vex, slightly angled at the periphery, spirally grain- ridged, ridges alternately large, linear, continuous, flesh-colour, ridges neatly articulated with red; base smooth, cireularly incised, distantly articulated with red. Hab. A delicate depressly-conoid species in which the ridges are alternately large and smaller, and uniformly narrow, linear, and continuous. The colouring is disposed in neat articulations, which are present in a very characteristic mamier at the base of the shell. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS TIGRIS. apicem attenuato-elevatd, anfractibus declivi-convevis, Zizyph. testd inflato-conicd, versus densé grano-liratis, liris leviusculis, superficiariis, al- bidd, rufo-fusco undique confertim oblique promiscue strigatd. TIGER ZIZYPHINUS. nuately raised towards the apex, whorls slopingly THE convex, densely grain-ridged, ridges rather smooth, superficial, whitish, everywhere closely obliquely pro- miscuously streaked with red-brown. Trochus tagris, Martyn, Univ. Conch. pl. 75. Zizyphinus tigris, Adams. Hab. New Zealand. This fine species, the largest of the genus, is at once distinguished by its handsome turban-like form, slopingly convex and rather ventricose round the periphery, pecu- liarly attenuately raised towards the apex. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS SPECTABILIS. noided, solidd, subponderosé, anfractibus declivi-con- vevis, grano-liratis, liris subdistantibus, granis gran- dibus, lirarum interstitiis levibus, excavatis, carneo aut flavescente, liris rosaceo-rufo punctatis. THE REMARKABLE ZIzyPuHINus. Shell regularly conoid, solid, rather ponderous, whorls slopingly convex, grain-ridged, ridges rather distant, grains large, in- terstices between the ridges smooth, excavated, flesh- colour or yellowish, ridges dotted with pinkish-red. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854. p. 37. Hab. New Zealand. Zizyph. testa regulariter co- This fine species is conspicuously distinguished from any other of the genus by its rather ponderous growth, pinkish-red colour, and bold sculpture. The ridges are almost squamately grained, and the interstices between them are smooth and excavated. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) _ ZizyPHINus CUNNINGHAMIL. Zizyph. testd late depresso- Shell inflatedly conical, atte- | conoided, apice attenuata, anfractibus plano-declivibus, parum convexis, ultimo ad basin subacute angulato, grano-liratis, liris subtilibus, inconspicuis, alternatim minoribus, livido-carned, liris rufescente punctatis. CunninGuam’s Zizypuinus. Shell broadly depressly conoid, attenuated at the apex, whorls flatly sloping, but little convex, the last rather sharply angled at the base, grain-ridged, ridges fine, inconspicuous, alternately smaller; livid flesh-colour, ridges dotted with pale-red. Gray, Griffith’s Cuv. Anim. Kingdom. Hab. New Zealand. A shell of rather delicate substance, depressed, and unusually wide-spread at the base. Scxphinus PLL. 7.6 Vincent. Taleb toNe UNS. PrArE) I: Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ORNATUS. Zizyph. testd oblique conoided, basi dilataté, anfractibus convexis, dense grano-striatis, ultimo decliviore, ad peripheriam obtuse angulato, granis fortioribus ; flavescente, carneo-rufo ablique arcuatim nebulata et flammatd, basi subaurantid, inter- dum rufo punctato-articulata. THE ORNATE Zizypuinus. Shell obliquely conoid, dilated at the base, whorls convex, densely grain- striated, last whorl more sloping, obtusely angled at the periphery, grains stronger; yellowish, obliquely | areuately clouded and flamed with flesh-red, base tinged with orange, sometimes dot-articulated with red. Trochus ornatus, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. ix. p. 146. Zizyphinus ornatus and nebulosus, A. Adams. Hab. Torres Straits, North Australia; Ince. This species resembles the following in general aspect, but it is well characterized by Lamarck in being grain- striated and dilated at the base. In Z. wnicus the last whorl is conspicuously rounded. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS UNICUS. basi ventricoso-rotundata, anfractibus rotundatis, dense lirato-striatis, parum granatis, basi levigatd, circula- riter incisd ; alhidd vel flavescente, sanguineo-rufo sub- remote flammatd, ad peripheriam conspicue articulatd. THE UNIQUE ZizyPHINuS. Shell obliquely conoid, ven- tricosely rounded at the base, whorls rounded, densely ridge-striated, but little grained, base smooth, circu- larly engraved; whitish or yellowish, rather distantly Zizyph. testa oblique conoided, flamed with blood-red, conspicuously articulated at the periphery. Dunker, Moll. Japonica. Hab. Japan; A. Adams. Very closely allied, and very similar in painting, to the Australian Z. ornatus. The surface is much less grained, the last whorl of the shell is ventricosely rounded, and the periphery is encircled by a well-defined articulated band of rather distant red spots. January, 3 Species 9. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS, SPECIOSUS. Zizyph. testa ereclo-conicd, sub- pyramidal, ad basin depresso-rotundatd, anfractibus subconcavo-declivibus, undique grano-liratis, liris te- nuibus, lira parvd leviusculd interveniente ; flavescente- albidd, purpureo-rufo obscure tessellatd et punctato- genmatd, basi purpureo-punctata, callo centrali ustu- lato-aurantio tincto. THE BEAUTIFUL ZIZYPHINUS. somewhat pyramidal, depressly rounded at the base, Shell erectly conical, whorls rather concavely sloping, grain-ridged through- out, ridges fine, with a rather smaller smooth ridge coming between; yellowish white, obscurely tessel- lated and dot-gemmed with purple, base purple- dotted, central callosity tinged with burnt orange. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 38. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia; Strange. The colouring of this fine species is very promiscuously distributed. Faint tessellated blotches, accompanied by a general sprinkling of dots in livid purple, are seen through- out, sparse and irregular. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS NOBILIS. basin angulatd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, valide Zizyph. testé acute conicd, ad grano-liratis, lird basali majore, subprominente ; flaves- cente, ferrugineo-rufo tessellatd, liris alternatim pur- pureo-roseis. THE NOBLE ZizyrHinus. Shell sharply conical, angled at the base, whorls flatly sloping, strongly grain- ridged, basal ridge larger, rather prominent; yel- lowish, tessellated with rust-brown, ridges alternately purple-rose. Trochus nobilis, Philippi, Kuster, Conch. Cab. p. 86. pl. 15. f. 6. Hab. Swan River. An exquisitely gemmed species, in which the ridges are alternately coloured purple-rose, both on the upper sur- face of the shell and at the base. 1863. ZIZYPHINUS.—Ptate II. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS SPLENDIDUS. Zizyph. testd subacute conica, tumidiusculd, anfractibus convewo-declivibus, undique regulariter grano-liratis ; albidd, aurantio-flavo et pur- pureo-roseo undique variegata et maculata. Tue sptenpip Zizypuinus. Shell rather sharply co- nical, somewhat swollen, whorls convexly sloping, regularly grain-ridged throughout; whitish, varie- gated and spotted throughout with orange-yellow and purple-rose. Puitiprr, MS, in Mus. Cuming. Hab, Australia. In colour this species partakes very much of the cha- racter of the preceding, the purple-rose being more con- spicuous, and broken up into blotches. rather a lighter, more tumid growth, with the basal ridge no more prominent than the rest. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) ZI“ZYPHINUS JUJUBINUS. Zizyph. testd pyramidali-conica, solidiusculd, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, deinde tu- mido-rotundatis, undique granatis, granis parvis, sub- distantibus ; figlind, anfractuum parte inferiori satu- rata, albo-flammatd, basi minute albo-punctatd. Tue JusuBe Zizyputnus. Shell pyramidally conical, rather solid, whorls coneavely sloping, then tumidly rounded, everywhere grained, grains small, rather distant ; brick-red, lower part of the whorls darker, flamed with white, base minutely white-dotted. Trochus jujubinus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3570. Trochus Zezyphinus, Chemnitz. Zizyphinus jujubinus, Adams. Hab. Swan River. Of rather solid growth, minutely granuled, the lower 5 > fo} part of each whorl tumidly bulging, and flamed with white. The shell is of | Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ANNULATUS, tenuiculd, anfractibus convexo-planatis, eximie grano- Zizyph. testa subacute conic, liratis, interstitiis subexcavatis, aureo-flavd, ad mar- ginem basalem anfractuum vivide ceruleo-purpured, liris purpureo-sanguineo minute punctatis. Tue RINGED ZizypHinus. Shell rather sharply conical, somewhat thin, whorls convexly flattened, delicately erain-ridged, interstices rather excavated ; golden yel- low, brightly stained with blue-purple round the basal edge of each whorl, ridges minutely dotted with purple-blood. Trochus annulatus, Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. i. f. 33. Trochus virgineus, Chemnitz. Zizyphinus annulatus, Adams. Hab. Monterey, California. This well-known species is remarkable for the clear de- finition and constancy of its painting—a bright golden yellow, encircled with minutely red-dotted grained ridges, bordered with a clear blue-purple band winding round the basal margin of each whorl, from the apex to the aperture. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Zizyrutnus castra. Zizyph. testd late conoided, de- pressd, acutanguld, tenuiculd, axfractibus plano-decli- vibus, spiraliter lineari-incisis, infra suturas oblique plicato-crenulatis, ad marginem basalem funiculatis ; pallide carned, obscuré tessellatd et articulatd. Tue camp Zizypuinus. Shell broadly conoid, depressed, sharp-angled, rather thin, whorls flatly sloping, spi- rally linearly engraved, obliquely plicately crenulated below the sutures, corded at the basal margin; pale flesh-colour, obscurely tessellated and articulated. Hab. Swan River. Chiefly remarkable for its light, broadly depressed form and almost total absence of sculpture. Vincent Brooks, lamp yphinas Pl IH. “) Ma Sowerby, del. et ith ZA se HEE NESS Puate III. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) ZizyPuInus TRaANQUEBARICUS. Zizyph. testd sublate anfractibus plano-declivibus, lineari-incisis, ad marginem basalem conspicue annu- loso-funiculatis, funt interdum duplici, flavescente, pal- lide lividd, maculis parvis carneo-rubidis undique conoided, spiraliter lentiginosd et radiata. TRANQUEBAR ZizypuHINus. Shell rather broadly conoid, whorls flatly sloping, spirally lnearly en- graved, conspicuously annulosely corded at the basal margin, cords sometimes double, yellowish, faintly livid, freckled and rayed throughout with flesh- red small spots. Trochus Tranquebaricus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. v. p- 68. pl. 166. ff. 1595, 1596. Hab. Tranquebar. THE A smooth, glossy, flesh-spotted shell, encircled round the basal edge of the whorls with a very conspicuous double cord. Species 16. (Fig. a, 4, ce, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS CONULOIDES. Zizyph. testd suboblique conica, ad basin tumidiusculd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, interdum convexiusculis, spiraliter lineari-incisis vel liratis, ad marginem basalem modice funiculatis, fla- vescente vel lividd, carneo-rufo plus minus maculata. THE CONE-LIKE Ztzyputnus. Shell rather obliquely conical, a little swollen at the base, whorls flatly sloping, sometimes rather convex, spirally linearly engraved or ridged, moderately corded at the basal edge of the whorl, yellowish or livid, more or less blotched with flesh-red. Trochus zizyphinus and conuloides, Lamarck, Anim. sans. vert. vol. ix. p. 142. Trochus discrepans, Brown. Trochus Lyonsii, Leach. Trochus albus, Wood. Trochus ciliaris, Menke. Trochus agrestis, Philippi. Hab. European and Australian Seas. It is a curious feature in the geographical distribution of this well-known species that it appears both in Eu- ropean and Australian waters. The specimen represented at Fig. 10a is 7. ciliaris from the north-west coast of Aus- tralia, described by Menke, Moll. Nov. Holland. p. 17. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS EUGLYPTUS. Zizyph. testd conicd, solidius- culd, anfractibus superné concavis, deinde tumido-ro- tundatis, undique dense lineari-granatis ; flavescente vel rosaceo-carned, plus minus obscure albo-flammatd, apice atro-purpureo. THE WELL-ENGRAVED Z1zyeHinus. Shell conical, rather solid, whorls concave round the upper part, then tumidly rounded, closely linearly grained throughout, yellowish or rose-tinted flesh ; more or less obscurely white-flamed, apex dark-purple. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 38. Hab. Tasmania. A solid, tumidly bulging shell, minutely linearly grained throughout, of a roseate-flesh hue, obscurely flamed with white, and possessing a peculiar dark-purple apex. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS CANALICULATUS. Zizyph. testd acute late conicd, ad basin concavo-planaté, anfractibus declivibus, undique annuloso-liratis, liris levibus, interstitis conspicue excavatis, precipue ad suturas ; olivaceo- luted, in interstitiis saturatiore. THE CHANNELLTD Zizypuinus. Shell sharply broadly conical, concavely flattened at the base, whorls sloping, annulosely ridged throughout, ridges smooth, interstices conspicuously excavated; especially at the sutures, olive-yellow, darker in the interstices. Trochus canaliculatus, Martyn, Univ. Conch. vol. i. pl. 32. Trochus doliarius, Chemnitz. Trochus doliarius, Chemnitz. Zizyphinus canaliculatus, Gray. Zizyphinus doliarius, Adams. Hab. Australia, New Zealand. Both the sharply-defined ringed sculpture and the buff colouring of this species are constant. January, 1868. ZIZYPHINUS.—Puare II. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ARMILLATUS. tenuiculd, versus apicem acuta, anfractibus plano-con- vevis, undique grano-liratis, granis creberrimis, cre- natis ; flavescente, aureo-rufescente pallidé lentiginosa. JEWELLED ZizypHINus. Shell tumidly conical, rather thin, sharp towards the apex, whorls flatly convex, strongly grain-ridged throughout, grains very close, crenated; yellowish, faintly freckled with golden- red, Trochus armillatus, Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. 9. f. 5. Hab, Tasmania. Zizyph. testé tumido-conicd, THe An exquisitely jewelled shell, freckled with light golden- red, allied to the smaller Australian 7, splendidus. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS BICINGULATUS. Zizyph. testa late depresse conoided, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, deinde tu- mido-rotundatis, spiraliter liratis, liris duabus basali- bus valde prominentibus, omnibus dense plicato-crena- tis ; flavescente, aureo-rufo et albo profuse lentiginosa. Tur two-cirt ZizypHinus. Shell broadly depressly conoid, whorls concavely sloping round the upper part, then tumidly rounded, spirally ridged, two of the basal ridges very prominent, all densely plicately crenated; yellowish, profusely freckled with golden- red and white. Trochus bicingulatus, Lamarck, Anim, sans vert. vol. ix. p. 147. Trochus vinctus, Philippi. Hab. Raine’s Island, Torres Straits ; Ince. Beautifully sculptured and freckled, the shell being conically depressed with two of the ridges towards the basal margin developed into conspicnous cords. Species 21. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ZONAMESTUS. Zizyph. testa umbilicatd, acute conicd, nunc depressa, nunc pyramidali, ad basin acutanguld, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, minute subobsolete grano-liratis, interstitiis oblique subtilissime crenulatis ; liris olivaceo-luteis, interstitiis ustulato- brunneis. THE NEATLY-ZONED ZIZYPHINUS. Shell umbilicated, conical, sometimes depressed, sometimes pyramidal, sharply angled at the base, whorls concavely sloping, minutely rather obsoletely grain-ridged ; interstices obliquely very finely crenulated, ridges olive-yellow, interstices burnt-brown. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 166. Hab. Honduras; Dyson. In this species the ridges of fine granules are of a pecu- liar olive-yellow colour, while the interstices, minutely obliquely crenulated, are a rich burnt sienna. Dey : Me : Sati Pate nee ety aa 1) ere id : p Aan 1h gt mye a Dent, cw Pn oth rN, - pia bh the visyphinus PU LV. By) ed 97 Sowerby,del.ctiith TUE YP TIN US, Prats IV. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS CONULUS. Zizyph. testd conicd, ad basin tu- midiusculd, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, levigatis, nitentibus, ad apicem interdum granulatis, ad marginem basalem funiculatis ; aureo-flavescente aut violaced, rufo et albo nebulata et articulatd. THE LITTLE-CONE ZizYPHINUS. Shell conical, rather tu- mid at the base, whorls convexly sloping, smooth, shining, sometimes granulated at the apex, corded at the basal margin; golden-yellow or violet, clouded and articulated with red and white. Trochus conulus, Linnzus, Syst. Nat. p. 1230. Zizyphinus conulus, Adams. Trochus violaceus, Risso. Trochus Laugieri, Payraudeau. Hab. British and Mediterranean Seas. The specimen given at Fig. 22a is Risso’s Trochus violaceus. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS GEMMOSUS. Zicyph. testd subtumido-conicd, solidd, anfractibus declivi-convewis, densé valide grana- tis, hic illic lineari-incisis, lineis oblique minute cre- nulatis, margine basali obtuse rotundato ; aureo-stra- mined, lineis incisis chocolato-purpureis. THE GEMMED ZizyPHINus. Shell rather tumidly conical, solid, whorls slopingly convex, densely strongly grained, here and there linearly engraved, lines ob- liquely minutely crenulated, basal margin obtusely rounded; golden straw-colour, engraved lines cho- colate-purple. Trochus gemmosus, Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 184. Conch. Syst. vol. ii. p. 165. pl. 218. f. 9. Hab. Puerto Galero, island of Mindanao, Philippines (in sandy mud, at a depth of about six fathoms) ; Cuming. Strongly grammed upon a bright golden straw-colour, enlaced with engraved lines of a deep chocolate-purple. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS LURIDUS. Zizyph. testd conicd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, ad basin tumidiusculis, levigatis vel malleatis, interdum spiraliter lineari-incisis ; ustulato- fused, obscurissimé lurido-flammata. THE LURID ZizypHinus. Shell conical, whorls flatly sloping, rather tumid at the base, smooth or mal- leated, sometimes spirally linearly engraved; burnt- brown, very obscurely luridly flamed. Nurraut, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. California. A smooth shell, spirally engraved towards the apex, of a peculiar burnt-brown colour, faintly obliquely flamed. Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS EXIMIUS. solidd, anfractibus superné concavo-declivibus, deinde obtuse tumidis, spiraliter liratd, liris lavibus, ad mar- ginem basalem angulari-prominentibus ; albidd, pur- pureo vel ceruleo nebulata et articulatd. THE PRETTY ZizypnHinus. Shell somewhat depressly conical, solid, whorls concavely sloping round the upper part, then obtusely swollen, spirally ridged, ridges smooth, angularly prominent at the basal mar- gin; whitish, clouded and articulated with purple or blue. Trochus eximius, Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 185. Conch. Syst. vol. ii. p. 165. pl. 218. f. 12. Hab, Panama (in sandy mud at ten fathoms); Cuming. Zizyph. testé subdepresso-conicd, The painting of this species is mostly disposed in dots and articulated fillets. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS CHLOROSTOMA. Zizyph. testd subpyramidali- conicd, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, liratis, interstitiis minute oblique reticulatis, an- Sractuum margine basali compressé angulato-productis ; purpureo aut virente, saturate nebulatd et albo-macu- lata, apice sanguineo. THE GREEN-MouTH ZizypuINus. Shell somewhat pyra- midally conical, whorls concavely sloping, very finely ridged, interstices minutely obliquely reticulated, basal margin of the whorls compressly angularly pro- duced; purple or green, darkly clouded and white- spotted, apex blood-red. Trochus chlorostoma, Menke, Moll. Noy. Holland, p. 17. Zizyphinus chlorostoma, Adams. subtilissime January, 1863. ZIZYPHINUS.—Prate IV. Hab. West coast of New Holland; Menke. South Aus- tralia; Angas. I have received specimens of this species from Mr. Angas, of Adelaide, South Australia, collected by him at Yorke’s Peninsula. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS FILosus. Zizyph. testd subobtusé conicd, solidd, anfractibus rotundatis, undique validé liratis, liris levibus, interstitiis excavatis, precipue ad su- turas ; violaceo-fuscd, immaculatd, liris flavescentibus. THE corDED Zizypurnvs. Shell rather obtusely conical, solid, whorls rounded, strongly ridged throughout, ridges smooth, interstices excavated, especially at the sutures ; violet-brown, unspotted, ridges yellowish. Trochus filosus, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 5. f. 23. Trochus ligatus, Gould. Trochus castaneus, Nuttall. Hab. Puget Sound; Gould. A solid shell, regularly encircled throughout with smooth ring-like ridges, excavated in the interstices. Wood gives no descriptive characters with this species, but he figures it with unmistakeable accuracy. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS DECORATUS. Zizyph. testd subpyramidali- conicd, ad basin tumidiusculd, anfractibus concavo- declivibus, undique rugoso-granatis, granis irregulari- bus, interstitiis sub lente minute oblique striatis ; albidd, viridi aut purpureo-griseo profuse variegata. THE EMBELLISHED ZizypHinus. Shell somewhat pyra- midally conical, rather swollen at the base, whorls concavely sloping, rugosely grained throughout, grains irregular, interstices beneath the lens obliquely minutely striated; whitish, profusely variegated with green or purple-grey. Trochus decoratus, Philippi. Hab. Brisbane waters, East Australia; Strange. Of a more rugose-grained sculpture than usual, minutely obliquely striated in the interstices. : i it ht - ba b * ; ( ” r . : x x - 7 % 5 coyphinus Pl. Sowerby, del et ith Vincent Brooks, Irmp FAN Pon TL NUS: Puate V. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS INCERTUS. sinistrali, flavescente-albd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, spiraliter densé lineari-liratis, anfractu ultimo basi Zizyph. testaé abbreviato-conicd, obtuse angulato. Tue pousrruL Zizypuinus. Shell shortly conical, si- nistral, yellowish white, whorls slopingly convex, spirally closely linearly ridged, last whorl obtusely angled at the base. Hab. Tasmania. This sinistrally coiled shell appears to me to be distinct from any other described species. Its normal growth is probably dextral. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS SCOBINATUS. Zizyph. testa erecto-conicd, ad basin tumidiusculd, flavescente-albd, rufo obscure flam- matd et punctatd, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, un- dique dense papillari-granatis, anfractuum margine inferiori producto. THE FILED ZizypHINnus. Shell erectly conical, rather tumid at the base, yellowish white, obscurely flamed and dotted with red, whorls concavely sloping, densely papillary-grained throughout, lower margin of the whorls bulging. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Bombay. The grains in this elegantly-formed shell are closely se- rially developed, and they are so large as to have a papil- lary appearance. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS MILLEGRANUS. Zizyph. testd subacute co- nicd, ad basin tumidiusculd, flavescente-albd, purpureo- roseo sparsim punctatd et articulatd, anfractibus plano- declivibus, undique oblique reticulatim striaturatis, anfractuum margine inferior: crenato-funiculato. THE THOUSAND-GRAINED ZizyputNus. Shell rather sharply conical, slightly tumid at the base, yellowish white, sparsely dotted and articulated with purple- rose, whorls flatly sloping, obliquely reticulately fretted throughout, lower margin of the whorls cre- nately corded. Trochus millegranus, Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p- 1838. pl. 10. f. 25. Trochus Clelandi, Wood. Trochus Martini, Smith. Trochus miliaris, Scacchi. Hab. European Seas, from Norway to the Mediterranean. The granular sculpture is in this species contorted, as it were, by oblique ridges into a netted fretwork. It is usually pale in colour, more or less delicately dotted and articulated with purple-rose. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) ZizypuHinus Antontt. Zizyph. testd sublaté conicd, so- lida, urgenteo-albd, atro-purpureo sparsim strigata et punctatd, anfractibus concavo - declivibus, spiraliter lineari-granatis, granorum seriebus alternatim majo- ribus. Anton’s ZizypuiNnus. Shell rather broadly conical, solid, silvery white, sparsely streaked and dotted with dark purple, whorls concavely sloping, spirally lnearly grained, rows of grains alternately larger. Trochus Antonii, Koch, Phil. Abbild. pl. 1. f. 4. Zizyphinus Antonii, Adams. Hab, Australia. Of a peculiar silvery-grey colour, sparingly dotted and streaked with dark purple. Species 32. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS SIMILARIS. Zizyph. testé subacuminato- conicd, flavescente, purpureo-roseo nebulatd et arti- culatd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, densé spiraliter grano-liratis, interstitiis eximie reticulatis, anfractuum margine inferiori angulato-bifuniculato. Tue srminark Zizypuinus. Shell rather acuminately conical, yellowish, clouded and articulated with purple rows, whorls flatly sloping, densely spirally grain- ridged, interstices faintly reticulated, lower margin of the whorls angularly double-corded. Hab. Lizard Island, Torres Straits. We have already noticed that the European Z. conu- loides appears in North-West Australia ; the present species January, 1863. ZIZYPHINUS.—P.ate V. is a very near representative, if not identical, of the European Z. millegranus. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) ZWZYPHINUS FLAVUS. Zizyph. testd late depressé conicd, aurantio-flavd, rufescente pallidissime punctatd, an- Jractibus plano-declivibus, rudé spiraliter liratis, liris levibus, circa apicem granulatis. THE YELLOW ZizypHinus. Shell broadly depressly co- nical, orange yellow, very faintly dotted with red, whorls flatly sloping, rudely spirally ridged, ridges smooth, granulated round the apex. Trochus flavus, Anton, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1848. p. 105. Hab. Australia. It is quite possible that this may be a somewhat obscure variety of a more characteristic species not yet discovered in a typical state. Fig. 34. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured, set apart in Mr. Cuming’s col- lection as a distinct species, is a rounded form of Z. scodi- natus represented at Fig. 29. Both are from Bombay. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS INDISTINCTUS. Zizyph. testd anguste co- nicd, pyramidal, olivaceo-flavd, purpureo-rufo tessel- latim punctatd, anfractibus subconvexo-declivibus, spi- raliter lineari-liratis, liris levibus, confertiusculis, interstitiis subtilissime oblique clathratis. Tue INDIsTINcT ZizyPHINus. Shell narrowly conical, pyramidal, olive-yellow, tessellately dotted with purple- red, whorls somewhat convexly sloping, spirally line- arly ridged, ridges smooth, rather close-set, interstices very finely obliquely latticed. Trochus indistinctus, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 6. f. 41. Zizyphinus indistinctus, Adams. Hab. New Holland. An olive-yellow erectly conical shell, sprinkled in a tessellated manner with red dots. Fig. 36. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured is a specimen of Z. decoratus in which the grains are more distinct and papillary, the in- terstices between them being still obliquely striated or wrinkled, whilst the ground-colour is a rose-lake, articu- lated with purple-black. Ctzyphinus £1. YT. 4 J 4 Ala. Sowerby, del et lith Vincent, Brooks, Imp Til AN te re NUS: Puate VI. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS STRIATUS. conicd, cinereo-grised, ceruleo-nigro longitudinaliter lineari-strigatd, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, spirali- ter tenuiliratis, insterstitiis et interdum liris oblique striatis. THE STRIATED ZIZYPHINUS. dally conical, ash-grey, longitudinally linearly striped Zizyph. testi subpyramidali- Shell somewhat pyrami- with blue-black, whorls coneavely sloping, spirally finely ridged, interstices and sometimes the ridges obliquely striated. Trochus striatus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1230. Trochus erythroleucus and punctulatus, Gmelin. Trochus parvus, Da Costa. Trochus conicus, Donovan. Trochus depictus, Deshayes. Trochus Sartorii, Aradas and Mageiore. Hab. South British and Mediterranean Seas. The painting of this little species, though variable, is mostly disposed in dark, longitudinally waved, linear streaks. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ELEGANTULUS. Zizyph. testa acute conicd, versus basin depresse tumido-rotundatd, lutescente, un- fractibus concavo-declivibus, granoso-liratis, liris dis- tantibus, granis etiam subdistantibus, interstitiis late “excavatis, precipue ad suturas, liris violaceo-fuscis. THE ELEGANT ZtzypuHinus. Shell sharply conical, de- pressly tumidly rounded towards the base, yellowish, whorls concavely sloping, granosely ridged, ridges distant, grains also rather distant, interstices broadly excavated, especially at the sutures, ridges violet- brown. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 167. Hab. Malacea (in coral sand from a depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. The grains, which on the upper part of the whorls.are rather distant from each other, gradually diminish in size, and approximate towards the base, where they amalga- mate into smooth cords. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS MONILE. Zizyph. testa erecto-conicd, ad basin tumidiusculd, pellucido-alba, maculis violaceis monili- formi-cinctd, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, spiraliter liratis, liris levibus, duabus basalibus prominentiori- bus. THE NECKLACE Z1zyPHINuS. Shell erectly conical, rather swollen at the base, transparent white, encircled by a necklace of violet spots, whorls concavely sloping, spirally ridged, ridges smooth, the two basal ridges more prominent. Hab. Port Curtis, East Australia. The necklace of violet spots has an exceedingly pretty appearance on the delicate transparent ground of the shell. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS POLYCHROMA. midali-conicd, olivaced vel brunned, strigis lineisque Zizyph. testdé anguste pyra- tenuibus albis longitudinaliter floccatd, anfractibus concava-planatis, spiraliter lineari-incisis, anfractuuimn margine basalt bifuniculato. THE MANY-COLOURED ZIZYPHINUS. ramidally conical, olive or brown, longitudinally Shell narrowly py- flaked with white streaks and fine lines, whorls con- eavely flattened, spirally linearly engraved, basal margin of the whorls double-corded. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1851, p. 168. Hab. Island of Masbate, Philippines (in sandy mud at a depth of about seven fathoms); Cuming. There is no indication of any grained sculpture on this prettily-painted species. Species 41. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS PYRAMIS. conied, varie coloratd et maculata, anfractibus concavo- Zizyph. testé acute pyramidali- declivibus, spiraliter minulé grano-liratis, interstitiis interdum oblique striatis, anfractuum margine basali conspicue tumido-producto. THE PYRAMID ZizyPHINUS. Shell narrowly pyramidally conical, variously coloured and spotted, whorls con- cavely sloping, spirally minutely grain-ridged, inter- stices sometimes obliquely striated, basal margin of the whorls conspicuously tumidly bulging. Trochus pyramis, Gmelin; Chemn. Conch. Cab. vol. y. pl. 170. f. 1652, 1653. January, 1863. ZIZYPHINUS.—Puater VI. Hab. Australia. In this narrow pyramidal shell, the lower margin of the whorls is more than usually tumidly produced. The paint- ing is too variable to afford the means of definition. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS PULCHELLUS. Zizyph. testa abbreviato-conicd, ad basin tumidd, carneo-albd, roseo profuse punctatd et interdum strigatd, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, spira- liter liratis, liris levibus, insterstitiis spiraliter striatis, anfractuum margine basali depressé angulato-producto. Tun prerry Zizypuinus. Shell shortly conical, swollen at the base, flesh-white, profusely dotted, and some- times streaked, with rose, whorls concavely sloping, spirally ridged, ridges smooth, interstices spirally striated, basal edge of the whorls depressly angularly produced. Trochus puichellus, Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1846, p- 101. 2 fab. The sculpture in the interstices between the ridges runs parallel with the ridges themselves. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Zizypuinus Trcaonicus. Zizyph. testa subabbreviato- conicd, versus basin subventricosd, pallide carneo-rosed, obscure punctato-articulatd, anfractibus convewis, spi- valiter tenuiliratis, liris levibus, alternatim minori- bus. Tur Trcao Zizypuinus. Shell rather shortly conical, rather ventricose towards the base, pale flesh-rose, faintly dot-articulated, whorls convex, spirally finely ridged, ridges smooth, alternately smaller. Avams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 167. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (in sandy mud at a depth of about six fathoms) ; Cuming. Remarkable only for the simplicity of its characters. Species 44. (Mus, Cuming.) ZIZYPUINUS scrtuLUS. Zizyph. testd umbilicatd, tumido- conicd, tenuiculd, aurantio-fulvd, punctis sanguineis minute articulatd, hic illic albo-floccatd, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, spiraliter striato-liratis, lird juxta suturas majore. Tue Neat ZizypHinus. Shell umbilicated, tumidly conical, rather thin, orange fulvous, minutely articu- lated with crimson dots, and here and there flaked with white, whorls convexly sloping, spirally striately ridged, ridge next the suture larger. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 38. Hab. New Zealand; Strange. The painting of this species as above described is cha- racteristic. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) ZizyPHINuUS Leanus. Zizyph. testd subacute conicd, li- vido-erucd, fusco obscure flammatd, anfractibus superne concavo-declivibus, deinde tumido-productis, undique valideé spiraliter granatis. Lea’s Zizypuinus. Shell rather sharply conical, livid bronze, obscurely flamed with brown, whorls con- cavely sloping round the upper part, then tumidly bulging, strongly spirally grained throughout. Trochus Leanus, C. A, Adams. § 5! Hab. P) A strongly-grained shell of a peculiar livid bronze hue, faintly brown-streaked. yt — Oe ee ry: = i fi 0 1 ar 2 ; ya eee i a ha ¥ u 1 f i F i : ; : ~- : j § ; -_ i ¢ : i i j 7 a : ; i : i / ‘ - 1 : i 1 y 4 ‘ ie ‘ - it i »! 1 1 ‘ v - . \ A . A . : : | i . Ve * i - 53 9% 5 ! \ , 3 | 1 her om « f a ai 7 r , = : i Cixyphinus PU. VL. Sowerby,del et Lith Vincent Brooks, Imp Git Ne ETN, UES. Prate VII. Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ALABASTRUM. Zizyph. test sublate conicd, tenui, sordidé albd, anfractibus convewis, spiraliter ca- rinatis, carinis levibus, circa apicem granulatis, dis- tantibus, interstitiis late excavatis, precipue ad suturas, anfractu ultimo tuimido-producto. THE ALABASTER ZIzyPHINus. Shell rather broadly co- nical, thin, dull white, whorls convex, spirally keeled, keels smooth, granulated round the apex, distant, in- terstices broadly excavated, especially at the sutures, last whorl tumidly bulging. Margarita alabastrum, Beck, Lovén, Index Moll. Sean. p: 20. Trochus formosus, Forbes. Trochus alabastrum, Forbes and Hanley. Zizyphinus alabastrum, Adams. Hab. North European Seas. Some doubt exists as to whether this interesting pro- minently-keeled Zizyphinus, which is a boreal European species, is not the same as a North American species de- scribed by Mighels and Adams in the ‘Journal of the | Natural History Society of Boston’ for 1841, with the name Trochus occidentalis. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS FRAGUM. fuscescente pallide clivibus, spiraliter pillaribus. THE STRAWBERRY ZIzZYeuINus. Shell conical, dull white, faintly tessellated with brown, whorls convexly sloping, spirally closely grained, grains large, papillary. Trochus fragum, Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1848. p. 106. fab. Australia. Zizyph. testd conicd, sordide albd, tessellatd, anfractibus conveuxo-de- densé granatis, granis amplis, pa- A large-grained shell, faintly tessellated with violet- brown. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS COMPTUS. dide albd, ad marginem basalem fusco sparsim punctatéd, anfractibus declivi-convewis, ad suturas impressis, un- Zizyph. testa erecto-conicd, sor- | dique seriatim granulatis. Tur Neat Z1zyPuinus. Shell erectly conical, dull white sparsely dotted with red-brown at the basal margin, whorls slopingly convex, impressed at the sutures, encircled throughout with rows of granules. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 38. Hab. New Caledonia. A rather solid, dull, semitransparent shell, with indi- cations of brown dots about the basal margin. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Z1zYPHINUS Japontcus. Zizyph. testd elevato-conicé, purpured et rufa, flammis albidis variegatd vel reticu- latd, basi punctatd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, levi- bus, prope suturas lineari-incisis. Tue Japan Zizypuinus. Shell elevately conical, purple and red, variegated or reticulated with white flames, base dotted, whorls flatly sloping, smooth, linearly engraved next the suture. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1851. py UGH. Hab. Japan. Variously reticulated and articulated with white, of the same smooth richly-painted type as Z. polychroma. Species 50. (Fig. 50, 51, Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS Mac-ANpDREm. Zizyph. testé conicd, soli- diuseuld, albidd, ustulato-purpureo tessellato-strigatd, anfractibus superné concavo-impressis, deinde tumido- rotundatis, undique spiraliter grano-liratis. Mac-Anprew’s Zizyputnus. Shell conical, rather solid, white, tessellately streaked with burnt-purple, whorls concavely impressed round the upper part, then tu- midly rounded, spirally grain-ridged throughout. CarpENTER, Cat. Reigen Coll. p. 232. Hab, Mazatlan, Panama. Tessellately streaked in a characteristic manner with burnt-purple or blood-colour. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS FLAMMIGER. Zicyph. testd acute elevato- January, 1863. ZIZYPHINUS.—Puate VII. conicd, fulvo-rufescente, albo flammata, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, levibus. THE FLAMED Zrzypurtnus. Shell sharply elevately co- nical, fulvous red, flamed with white, whorls con- vexly sloping, smooth. Donker, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? A perfectly smooth shell, flamed with white, upon a peculiar fulvous-red ground. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS PICTURATUS. conicd, viride virente, albo flammatd, purpureo-rufo Zizyph. testa anguste erecto- varie tinctd et punctatd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, lineari-incisis, ad marginem basalem funiculatis. THE EMBROIDERED ZIZYPHINUS. conical, bright green, flamed with white, variously stained and dotted with purple-red, whorls flatly sloping, linearly engraved, corded round the basal margin. Avams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. p. 168. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (in sandy mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. Shell narrowly erectly Exquisitely painted in the most variable manner, with green and purple-red, the former colour predominating. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS CRENULATUS. albidd, roseo tinctdé et articulatd, aut varie coloratd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, minute grano-liratis, in- Zizyph. lesté subacute conicd, | THE DUPLICATE ZIZYPHINUS. | Hab. terstitiis subtilissime crenulatis, anfractuum margine basali conspicue tumido-funiculato. THE CRENULATED ZizypHinus. Shell rather sharply conical, whitish, stained and articulated with rose, or variously coloured, whorls flatly sloping, minutely grain-ridged, interstices very finely crenulated, basal margin of the whorls conspicuously tumidly corded. Trochus crenulatis, Brocchi, Conch. Foss. Subapp. p. 354. TOS a 5 Trochus punctatus, Renieri. Trochus punctulatus, Dillwyn. Trochus minimus, Chemnitz. Trochus pyramidatus, Lamarck. Trochus Matoni, Payraudeau. Hab. Mediterranean. This pretty species, allied to Z. millegranus, is encircled with a stout tumid cord, on which the colour is con- spicuously articulated throughout. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS DUPLICATUS. sordidé alba, anfractibus ad suturas impressis, deinde tumido-rotundatis, undique dense granatis. Shell elevately conical, dull white, whorls impressed at the sutures, then tumidly rounded, closely grained throughout. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 168. ? Zizyph. testa elevato-conicd, This is a very unsatisfactory species. Although the sculpture is well defined, the shell is dead and colourless, and nothing is known of its habitat. a ant ae : 7 : oe a : 1 “ : ; ; : ” 14 1 nt | . i 1 ; 1 « - 4 ; . in i 1 . ; jz an ; on ~ ot a 7 ty hou i t 7 i - it : cirvphinus PVH. ia ne ibe 67 by Vincent Brooks, Img Sowerby, del.et lth Zale er TEN WS", Pruate VIII. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS RUBRO-PUNCTATUS. Zizyph. testd abbreviato- conicd, lutescente, anfractibus convexis, ad suturas im- pressis, liris squamato-spinulosis cinctis, interstitiis profundis, minutis, rubris. THe RED-porreD ZizypPuinus. Shell shortly conical, yellowish, whorls convex, impressed at the sutures, encircled with squamately spined ridges, interstices deep, minute, red. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 167. Hab. ? The sculpture of this little species is developed through- out in erect prickly scales, the minute interstices between which are red. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS MontaGut. Zizyph. testd conicd, flavescente- alba, fuscescente punctata, anfractibus convexis, spira- liter lineari-liratis, liris levibus, interstitiis late pro- fundeé eacavatis, minutissime longitudinaliter striatis. MontaGu’s ZizyPHINus. dotted with pale-brown, linearly ridged, ridges smooth, interstices broadly Shell conical, yellowish-white, whorls convex, spirally deeply excavated, very minutely longitudinally stri- ated. Trochus Montagui, Gray, Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. 6. f. 43. Trochus striatus, Forbes. Zizyphinus striatus, Adams. Hab. British Seas. Vigo Bay, Gallicia; M‘Andrew. Encircled with narrow smooth ridges, the interstices be- tween which are neatly excavated. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS UNIcINCTUS. Zizyph. testa subfusiformi- conied, flavescente-albd, purpureo-rufo sparsim articu- latd, anfractibus spiraliter tenuistriatis, superne de- clivibus, rudé plicatis, medio angulato-tumidis, ad angulum nodatis, anfractu ultimo versus basin attenua- to, unifuniculato. THE ONE-GIRT ZIzYPHINUS. Shell somewhat fusiformly conical, yellowish-white, sparingly articulated with purple-red, whorls spirally finely striated, sloping and rudely plicated round the upper part, angularly swol- len in the middle, noduled at the angle, last whorl attenuated towards the base, one-corded. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 167. Hab. Lord Hood’s Island (on pearl oysters, at a depth of from eight to ten fathoms) ; Cuming. A curiously formed species, of which the character is well given in the accompanying figure. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS VEXILLUM. Zizyph. testa conicd, albidd, viridi latistrigatd, anfractibus rude convexis, levibus, spi- raliter lineart-incisis. THE FLAG ZIZYPHINUS. striped with green, whorls rudely convex, smooth, Shell conical, white, broadly spirally linearly engraved. Hab. Australia; Strange. A shell of simple form, with no sculpture excepting faintly engraved spiral lines. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS CALLICHROUS. Zizyph. testa subabbreviato- conicd, versus basin late angulato-ventricosd, purpureo- rosed, lineis nigris distantibus cinctd, fusco oblique flammaté et articulatd, anfractibus plano-convevis, spiraliter lineari-incisis, circa apicem obscure granu- latis. THE PRETTY-COLOURED ZizyPHINUS. Shell rather shortly conical, broadly angularly ventricose towards the base, purple-rose, encircled with distant black lines, obliquely flamed and articulated with brown, whorls flatly convex, spirally linearly engraved, obscurely granulated round the apex. Trochus callichrous, Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1849, p. 149. Zizyphinus strigosus, Adams. Mab, Morocco. The evidence of this species being Trochus strigosus of Gmelin is insufficient; and the figure in Chemnitz, to January, 1863, ZIZYPHINUS.—Puate VIII. which Mr. Adams refers in illustration of it, represents a Z. crenulatus. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS OCELLATUS. Zizyph. testd sublaté conicd, rufescente-fulvd, maculis albis fusco-umbratis ocellata, anfractibus superné concavo-impressis, deinde rotun- datis, undique spiraliter grano-liratis. Tue EYED Zizypuinus. Shell rather broadly conical, red- dish fulvous, ocellated with brown-shaded white spots, whorls concayely impressed round the upper part, then rounded, spirally grain-ridged throughout. Hab. ? Rather constrictedly impressed below the sutures, then rounded and ocellated with shaded opake-white spots. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS EXtGuUs. Zizyph. testa subpyramidali-conicd, cinereo-fuscescente, oblique nebulatd, apice intense yoseo, anfractibus concavo-declivibus, spiraliter obtuse liratis, interstitiis crenulato-striatis, anfractuum mar- gine basali tumido-funiculato. Tue trrrie Zizypurnus, Shell somewhat pyramidally conical, ash-brown, clouded obliquely, apex deep- rose, whorls concavely sloping, spirally obtusely ridged, interstices crenulately striated, basal margin of the whorls tumidly corded. Trochus exiguus, Pulteney, Hutchins’ Hist. Dorset, p. 44. Trochus conulus, Da Costa. Trochus minutus, Dillwyn. Trochus erythroleucus, Lamarck. Trochus interruptus, Wood. Zizyphinus exiguus, Adams. Hab. South Britain and Mediterranean shores. Though variable in colour this species is mostly of a light tawny or ash-brown, the apex being always a deep- rose. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS ZEBUENSIS. Zicyph. testa obeso-conicd, al- bidd, pallidé cerulescente-viridi variegatd, anfractibus rotundatis, undique confertim tenuiliratis, infra su- turas minute crenulatis, liris levibus, subacutis. Tues Znpu Zizypuinus. Shell stoutly conical, whitish, variegated with pale blue-green, whorls rounded, closely finely ridged throughout, minutely crenulated below the sutures, ridges smooth, rather sharp. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines ; Cuming. The ridges of this little species are unusually fine and sharp, with no indications of granules. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS INTERRUPTUS. Zizyph. testd erecto-conica, griseo-albidd, lineis tenuibus ceruleo-nigricantibus in- terruptis cinctd, ad suturas minute articulatd, anfrac- tibus plano-declivibus, spiraliter tenuiliratis, iuter- stitiis minute crenulato-striatis. THE INTERRUPTED ZizyPHINUS. Shell erectly conical, ereyish-white, encircled with fine blue-black inter- rupted lines, minutely articulated at the sutures, whorls flatly sloping, spirally finely ridged, interstices mi- nutely crenulately striated. Trochus interruptus, Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl. pl. vi. f. 42. Zizyphinus interruptus, Adams. Hab, ——? A very distinct erectly-conical shell, painted in an elabo- rately tessellated manner. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) ZIZYPHINUS DECUSSATUS. Zizyph. testd subacute conicd, ad basin tumidiusculd, albidad, vivide viridi maculaté et variegatd, anfractibus plano-declivibus, spiraliter tenué grano-liratis, ad marginem basalem decussatis et squamatis, suturis anguste impressis. THE DECUSSATED ZizyeHINts. Shell rather sharply coni- cal, a little swollen at the base, white, spotted and variegated with bright-green, whorls flatly sloping, spirally finely grain-ridged, decussated and ecrenu- lately scaled at the basal margin, sutures narrowly impressed. Apams, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 167. Hab. Asland of Mindoro, Philippines (in coarse gravel, at the depth of twelve fathoms ) ; Cuming. A very elegant little species, in which the granules at the basal margin of each whorl and on the under surface of the shell are transformed into scales. agrestis (Trochus), Philippi... . alabastrum (Margarita), Beck . albus (Trochus), Wood ...... annulatus (Zvochus), Martyn . . Antoni (Zrochus), Koch. .... armillatus (Zvochus), Wood... articulatus, Reeve .......... bicingulatus (Zrochus), Lamarck eallichrous (Zrochus), Philippi . canaliculatus (Zrochus), Martyn castaneus (Trochus), Gould... . castra, Heeve ...... chlorostoma (7’r nohus). Menke ciliaris (Trochus), Menke Clelandi (Trochus), Wood .... COompiusieAdamsienpe «items conicus, (Trochus), Donovan... conuloides (Zrochus), Lamarck . conulus (Zrochus), Linneus.*.. conulus (Trochus), Da Costa .. crenulatus (Zrochus), Brocchi. . Cunninghamii, Gray . decoratus (Zvrochus), Phil He on decussatus, 4dams . wake depictus (Trochus), Tectiay eS .. discrepans (Trochus), Brown .., doliarius (Trochus), Chemnitz. . duplicatus, ddams .......... elegantulus, ddams.......... erythroleucus (Trochus), Gmelin erythroleucus (Trochus), Lamarck euglyptus, ddams........... exiguus (Zrochus), te ae OXIMMIUS; SHCEVE Metnieeie Giese ete filosus (Lrochus), W ante Series flanmiger, Dunker .......... flavus (Zrochus), Anton ...... Jormosus (Trochus), Forbes... . . fragum (Trochus), ae arse: gemmosus, Leeve . ‘ granatus (Zrochus), eChenniia incertus, Reeve. . indistinetus (7 neh w ood eee (Trochus), Wood .. Japonicus, Adams . 5 Jujubinus (Zr ano Grane Laugieri (Trochus), Bamacdesnl 5 Leanus (Zrochus), C. B. Adams ligatus (Trochus), Gould ..... Le Nora NEVES Species. 16 46 © or wo 2% > OF OH QW oa tb wwnuAgn S woe BS BD OO 2 Oo Se oF Mm we ~ or iw ww Plate GCM, NOT ean eos, IN Lyonsii (Trochus), Leach... . . IL. MacAndreze, Carpenter ...... VII. Martini (Trochus), Smith .... Vz Matoni (Trochus) Payraudeau . VIL. miliaris (Trochus), Scacchi... V. millegranus (Zrochus), Philippi. V. minimus (‘Trochus), Chemnitz . VII. minutus (‘Trochus), Ae ae cee VELULTE Mini eaneooeauooeaoanan | wile Montagui (7 Pei) Grays. — WUE nebulosus, Adams ........... Uf. nobilis (Zrochus), Philippi»... — UL. ocellatus, Reeve ....... foe WAU0E ornatus (Zrochus), aria ae AL: parvus (Trochus), Da Costa... VI. picturatus, ddams ......:..: VII. polychroma, ddams ......... VI. pulchellus (Zrochus), Biilipe ye AE punctatus (Trochus) Renieri.... VII. punctulatus (Trochus), Dillwyn. VII. punctulatus (Trochus),Gmelin.. VI. pyramidatus (Trochus), Lamarck VII. pyramis (7rochus),Gmelin.... VI. rubro-punctatus, ddams...... VIII. Sartorii (Trochus), Aradas.... VI. RouiGh UL caoonoeangone Wile scobinatus, 4ddams .......... Vv selectus (Trochus), Chemnitz .. I. Similanishe/teevee creel st icneiet ect ee speciosus, Adams............ IL. spectabilis, ddams .......... J. splendidus, Philippi ........ Il. striatus (Trochus), Forbes .... VIII. striatus (Zrochus), Limmeus .. VI. strigosus, Adams............ WUJII. Ticaonicus, Addams . Ee BAL tigris (Trochus), ‘Marty Hosnsits te Tranquebarieus (Zroch.), Chemnitz IL. unicinctus, 4dams .......... VIII. UNICUSSPO UHCI ence ee | WIL vexillum, vines ae 5 WARUE vinctus (Trochus), ERippte. a3 LET. virgineus (Trochus), Chemnitz... IT. viglaceus (Trochus), Risso .... IV. Zebuensis, Adams .......... VIII. zezyphinus (Trochus), Chemnitz — II. zizyphinus (Trochus), Lamarck.. — IIT. zonamestus, ddams.......... ULL. Species. 24 16 50 30 oC eH man a> wore wo or eFowwwwo wo wee MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS TEREBELLU M. “And I have felt A presence that disturbs me with the joy Of elevated thoughts ; a sense sublime Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean.” — Wordsworth. Terebellum PLT. dig weTby, del et htt Vincent Broaks, Imp TEREBELLUM. PuateE I. Genus TEREBELLUM, Lamarck. Testa cylindraceo-subulata, angusté leviter convoluta, spirad prominente, subobtusd, suturd lineari-incisd, superne encausticd, apertura longitudinali, superne tenuée cana- liculatd, ad basin abrupté decurtatd et truncatd, colu- mella subrectd, encausticd, in mucronem desinente. | Shell cylindrically subulate, narrowly lightly convoluted, | spire prominent, rather obtuse, suture linearly cut, enamelled along the upper margin, aperture longitu- dinal, thinly channelled at the upper part, abruptly | eut short and truncated at the base, columella nearly straight, enamelled, ending in a point. In 1846, when publishing the third Number of my ‘Hlements of Conchology,’ [ took occasion to notice that although the Zerebel/um shell had been known for a century and more, and is not unfrequently collected on the shores of the Eastern Seas, no specimen had yet been found with | its molluscous inhabitant. Mr. Cuming, however, remem- bered seeing living specimens, seven years before, at the Philippine Islands, having remarked its activity of habit In 1845 the animal of Tere- bellum was well observed by Mr. Arthur Adams during in leaping from his hand. the voyage of the ‘Samarang’ in the China Sea and | among the islands of the Sooloo Archipelago, and an ex- cellent drawing and description of it was published in 1850 in the Zoology of that expedition. Agreeably with | the conjectures of Sowerby and De Blainville, the soft | parts of Zerebel/mn were found to resemble those of Strom- bus, and, as in Oliva, which De Blainville placed after it in the series, the mantle is provided with a long filament- ary cord winding into the sutures of the shell. “The Terebellum,” says Mr. Adams, “is extremely shy in its movements. Poising its shell in a vertical position, its long telescope-eye from the shell, it will remain stationary It will then use its poited and cautiously protruding truncature in front of the until assured of security. foot as a lever, and roll its shell over and over, progressing by a series of irregular leaps. When removed from the water, before dying, it will jump several inches from the ground.” Species 1. (Fig. a to g, Mus. Cuming.) TEREBELLUM PUNCTATUM. Ter. latd, levigatd, nitente, spird conspicud, suturd lineari- incisd, encaustica, fulvescente-albd, spadiceo-fusco varie lentiginosd vel undatd, interdum castaneo-punctala vel testa cylindraceo-subu- acuté undata. THE DOTTED TEREBELLUM. Shell cylindrically subulate, smooth, shining, spire conspicuous, suture linearly cut, enamelled, fulvous-white, variously freckled or waved with fawn-brown, sometimes dotted or sharply waved with chestnut. Bulla terebellum, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1185. Conus terebellum, Linneus. Terebellum punctatum, pullum, and album, Klein. Strombus terebellum, Rumphius. Terebra alata, Argenville. Terebellum punctatum, Chemnitz. Terebellum subulatum, Lamarck. Hab. China Sea, and Indian and Philippine Archipelagoes. All the specimens of Teredellum hitherto collected ap- pear to be referable to one species. It will be seen by the varieties assembled in the accompanying plate, that the colouring is fawn or chestnut-brown upon a fulvous ground, disposed in freckles, dots, or zigzag lines. June, 1863. ag , ‘Me Git’ oe - - : . 7 ae ia = aay wee a ii “a ; eae — oi, ce VAL: +m: ce > eet ad a : - = / 7 a a a ae ay wv) ear - Samp Men ta ‘al i pkg ep tis aa! 97, ee rear hace ; } ae fay: hm - eae ies x) vi put re e Hin Ghee Mera a _ : ¥ sy Sak of lyk fe Math ganna oie > > cf nt iP yi “yh ‘gem ona hat se 7 7 ayn ay. a Pi): fifa inte — “ _S = : — = ey sf —_ Ay. A “ang 79 i, ; pins : a Aimy las PY ip Py He wis i gti Dig iisike gt bt 9 -4° changin ‘ey ldaley 7 é. casi, wal Ng yutaee™ ig wie dar eae “a nes - wv A aN sh -_% Ms a a We ae pee Mi S at ey oa : a —_ Sah ime FA 7 ' Gabig'l site oo a, Moe _ o eo ae. hy re on ee 4 a) - - * ree e oe oa ” ‘hie att aul ‘pee ‘a ; : ‘by w= sia “+ -_ 7 : bd > if i <4 # yo ts a ithe we weal ‘ os 7 » | Ine each ish 1 odg of). i on : ee ot eats Ltt an - pia? A) bane as) sh 7 7 ; ) ay at a 7 eg : a be aly yan 7 we ne . i aye ii Toe | a abd Lnorvotty : « : oa sr “Nb o be at Rann sa bid ‘ na A - 5 _ -_ Z . ; ore ' i ° AGP et ; ae v i ey = ~ i ~~ . aul ; ‘sata as yet Lae i. 1D oi a ma Tari pita: - ¥ r yy a ad a é * ne iis - : a. " ‘ vane ma, ; , ¢ o& - @ z a ' ie ftom M4 7 : ys ra mt ia ai. a i) Sinn vm a ut id ; ~' nn ~ 5 oe ry 7 ie x of bee + “ a a vl ir a Mga. nak Linn at ie 5 *} Fe ols > ap % ° _ ae ine vee jas mn) “al (acer Ries | —%, 2 ‘ ; 7‘ : a FED edt bp 7 ue saat ~ a oh _ Phi p : as, a) 1 M eer a an ni ae : » & ae ao sate oh AN i’ pg “ead I ? wth | ee ee re are pe a. ; a Art - 7 : : . iP ea ie oe MT ee ——e ; fi " ne, “aD A. a ait Mv - 7 - f Ateeny han iy in as oir j ih a the ba ] of ie 7 1 i - oe 7 - . PS rn cats | yor if » of tole ws *% ane : Seine ¥ Aap) cab PHUUGE FS § i; Nav naa < hel ‘U ws amps 7 rea ee 5 or i ‘oll 2, gail Shey oy 4 RY ap omeny 1 e iT gif iin thy’ agai! wit tJ) > | b-—@ *- AL) w bind ~ 1: ie 9 ie oo i> ore Sa iie's met wre f i} ls i : ia ir. 4 b> id hee - fh oh) wilt * da 7 ee Tule, 0+ eet pare =F Wig) eget ae aamihs nc an 7 ves, i ea et = Vem ne Nhtvets) at hs ~? Lea san aby sit + ant ro : wy 7 —.: - = = i mee ce ’ 7 x : ‘ns 7 Ot ‘eae ne , mi cs Te : 7 _ 2 | ' -_ , a 7 \ RMI sil el | : 5 law a , a? a va ; o) 8 Gy) 7 , 7 - o af ; - o 7 7 - 7 -_ wee a : 7 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PAD) 1 ON was “* How green you are, and fresh in this old world!”’—S/akespeare. - ‘ ve : ’ _ 7 A 4 a 7 Poe a : : 7 i i on HN i nh ’ : uns iy 4 1 { i ; : i if ar) A i i ' , 2 " x 1 I I 1 ‘ ‘ ' i "ie vn ihe vey ' io ~ cat s l= f - a) = 4 j i a ; ; a , . 1 ~ t - : : : ‘i \ a cp mp ety q os " : : “i t o : i = eS t il Pcs ' ’ 1 Me - : ) ; 7 i ma a P i . ie eon BAY 3 i y Se : er H ~ a) Paluung LT Bake Ue TNeAs. Puate I. Genus PALUDINA, Lamarck. Testa ovato-conica, plerumgue umbilicata, interdum umbilico fere clauso, anfractibus quinque ad sex, levigatis aut spiraliter funiculatis, epidermide fusco vel olivaceo- virente, interdum ciliatd, indutis ; apertura sepissime pyriformi-rotundalda, labro simplict. Operculum cor- neum, concentricum, nucleo sublaterali. Shell ovately conical, generally umbilicated, sometimes with the umbilicus almost closed, whorls five to six, smooth or spirally corded, covered with a brown or | olive-green epidermis, which is sometimes ciliated ; aperture most frequently pyriformly rounded, lip simple. Operculum horny, concentric, with the nucleus sublateral. In studying the genus Paludina it is necessary to give especial attention to the animal. Dr. Gray noticed, as Jong back as 1821, in a paper in the ‘ London Medical Re- | pository,’ that two out of the four mollusks of ow own streams hitherto regarded as Paludine, were distinguished by characters peculiarly their own, and the distinction has now been established in a very numerous series of foreign Bithynia, the genus proposed for their reception, The animal species. is more numerous in species than Paludina. differs, as we shall presently see, in being oviparous, in having the eyes sessile, the mantle comparatively simple, and the tentacles slender and thread-like, while the shells are uniformly sinaller. The Paludine are oyo-viviparous, the eggs being hatched in the ovary, whence, at the end of about two months, the young are ejected, three or four at a time, alive. The animal has a largely dilated foot, broad in front and at- tenuately rounded behind; the head is produced into a proboscis, and the tentacles, unlike those of Bithynia, are rather stout and cylindrical, with the eyes raised on short conjoined stalks. This modification in the position of the eyes, is apparently designed to make room for an organ at the outer base of the right tentacle, used for conveying water to the branchial chamber. It is in the form of a tubular lobe, and on the left side of the neck there is a corresponding lobe, to which no particular use is assigned. Tn the large Ampullarie of the tropics, affecting situations where the water is more liable to be dried up, the animal is provided with a double system of respiration, having, in addition to the branchial chamber on the right side, a pulmonary chamber on the left side. The dormant lobe of Paludina is then developed into an elongated siphonic tube, for the passage to this chamber of the air. In most of the marine water-breathing Cephals, the siphonic lobes, which appear in such a rudimentary form in Paludina, are combined into a conspicuous central tube adapted to the same use, and the shell is either notched in front for its reception, as in Buceinum, or extended into a long canal for its special protection, as in Muree. The general distribution of Paludina over the globe, does not range with that of the inoperculated freshwater genera Planorbis, Lymnea, or Physa. We have no record of its existence in South Australia, New Zealand, or Poly- nesia; nor does it appear in the West Indies or South America. About seventy species are known, of which rather more than two-thirds belong to the Eastern Hemisphere, and the remainder to North America. India and China, the chief area of habitation of this genus in the Old World, contribute about thirteen species, embracing several very characteristic varieties of form, sculpture, and painting. Tn some, the shells are conspicuously keeled, in others they are prettily banded, but green or olive-green is in all the predominant ground-colour. The Philippine Island rivers contribute only half-a-dozen comparatively insignificant species of Paludina, their place being occupied to a great extent by Melania, remarkable for the size and exquisitely acuminate proportions of their shells; and in Ceylon the rapids, chiefly those flowing from Adam’s Peak, are in- habited by a very characteristic group having peculiarly globose shells, Zanalia and Paludomus. The remainder of the Old World Paludine, so far as they are at present known, are six from Borneo, Java, Celebes, six from Burmah and Siam (in which latter country the land and freshwater mollusks all present strikingly new specific forms), and nine from more northern latitudes, of which two are European, two Siberian, and five Japanese. ‘Temperature, which has so marked an influence in the development of molluscan life among the land snails, as may be seen by comparing the West African and Philippine /eZices and Bulimi with the European, or those of Bolivia and Venezuela with the North American, has comparatively little influence among the water snails. We have no such large Phys@ in Britain as inhabit Australia and the West Indies, but in Lymnea stagnalis, which ranges eastward and northward to Siberia, we have the largest species known of that genus ; and we have also in Britain the largest known Planordis. It is the same with Paludina in Russian Asia. The largest variety of the P. gigantea of Bengal is exceeded in size by P. Ussuriensis, a April, 1863. PALUDINA.—Puare IL. species collected by Gerstfeldt at the mouth of the Us- suri, a tributary of the Amoor, in Siberia, which is in the isothermal latitude of Iceland, little south of the line of permanent ground frost. The European Paludina vivipara, at least a light inflated form of similar stractwre and co- lour referred to that species, appears in North America, but the Paludine of that continent consist of fifteen species, chiefly of a peculiarly solid type, forming the genus Melantho of Bowditch. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA DOLIARIS. gineo-olivaced, liris nigricantibus funiculatd, anfrac- tibus superne obtuse angulatis, deinde modicé convewis ; apertura pyriformi-rotundata. THE TONGUE PaLuprINa. Shell ovate, ventricose, rusty- olive, corded with blackish ridges, whorls obtusely angled round the upper part, then moderately convex ; aperture pyriformly rounded. GouLp, Otia Conch. p. 191. Hab. Burmah. A bold rust-olive shell, corded throughout with dark raised ridges and lines. Pal. testa ovata, ventricosd, ferru- Species 2. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) PaLupIna anGuLaTa. Pal. testa subfusiformi-ovatd, fuscd, virescente-olivaceo fasciatd, spird elevatd, subpyrami- dali, suturis anguste canaliculatis, anfractibus superné concavo-declivibus, ad peripheriam tuberculis uni-bise- riatim cinctis ; aperturé trapezoided. THE ANGLED Patupina. Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, fuscous, banded with greenish-olive, spire raised, somewhat pyramidal, with the sutures nar- rowly channelled, whorls concavely sloping at the upper part, encircled at the periphery with a row of tubercles, sometimes with two rows; aperture trape- zoid. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 22. Vivipara magnifica (young), Binney. Hab. Coosa River, Alabama. Mr. Binney considers this species to have been founded on the young of P. magnifica. Species 3. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Patupina contecta. Pal. testd scalariformi-turbinatd, profundé umbilicatd, intense olivaceo-virente, fasciis tribus purpureo-rufis cingulatd, anfractibus subangustis, ad suturas appressis et constrictis, deinde tumido-con- vewis, striatis et malleatis; apertura subpyriformi- rotundatis. THE COVERED PaLupina. Shell scalariformly turbi- nated, deeply umbilicated, dark olive-green, encircled with three purple-red bands, whorls rather narrow, appressed and constricted at the sutures, then tumidly convex, striated and malleated; aperture somewhat pyriformly rounded. Cyclostoma contectum, Millet, Moll. Maine et Loire, p. 5. Nerita vivipara, Miiller (not Helix vivipara, Linneus). Cyclostoma viviparum, Drapamnaud. Natica vivipara, Férussae. Lymnea vivipara, Fleming. Paludina vivipara, Studer. Paludina erystallina, Gray. Fiwipara communis, Dupuy. Paludina Listeri, Forbes and Hanley. Hab. Central Europe. This well-known species is distinguished from P. vivi- para by its more scalariform growth, constricted at the sutures, and deep umbilicus. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA VIvIPARA. Pal. testd obtuse ovaté, minute compresse umbilicatd, subobesd, fulvo-olivaced, fasciis tribus purpureo-rufis cingulatd, anfractibus latiusculis, convewis, confertim plicato-striatis ; apertura subpy- riformi-ovatd. THe viviparous PaLuDINA. nutely compressly umbilicated, rather stout, fulvous- olive, encircled with three purple-red bands, whorls rather broad, convex, closely pliately striated ; aper- ture somewhat pyriformly ovate. Helix vivipara, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. p. 772. Nerita fasciata, Miiller. Helix fasciata, Gmelin. Helix ventricosa, Olivi. Helix compactilis, Pulteney. Bulimus viviparus, Poiret. Shell obtusely ovate, mi- Cyclostoma achatinum, Draparnaud. Paludina achatina, Studer. Paludina vulgaris, Gray. Turbo achatinus, Sheppard. Paludina vivipara, Say. Paludina lineata, Valenciennes. Paludina fasciata, Deshayes. Paludina Georgiana, Lea. Viwipara fasciata, Dupuy. Vivipara vivipara, Binney. Vivipara vera, Frauenteld. Hab. Central Europe. Composed of a whorl less than the preceding species, the whorls being broader and more compactly coiled. ae Paladina Fl. If. Sowerby, del.et hth Vincent Brooks, Imp PALUDINA. Puate II. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) PanupIna BenGaLensis. Pal. testd elevato-conicd, tenui, virescente, nitente, saturate viridi lineata et anguste fasciatd ; anfractibus convexis, laevibus, minutissime decussatim striatis. Tur Bencat Patupina. Shell elevately conical, thin, greenish, shining, lineated and narrowly banded with dark-green; whorls convex, smooth, very mi- nutely decussately striated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. part 2. p. 174. Delessert, Rec. Coq. pl. 1. f. 2. Paludina elongata, Swainson. Hab. North-west Provinces of Hiudostan; Benson, A shining pale-green shell, banded and lineated through- out with dark-green, sometimes turning to rusty-brown. The surface is very minutely engraved with impressed spiral strive, decussating slightly-raised longitudinal striz, which are strive of growth. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina costata. Pal. tesld elevato-conicd, ustulato- olivaced, anfractibus superné plano-declivibus, deinde acute angulatis, costis lirisque tenuibus filiformibus undique funiculatis, anfractu ultimo subventricoso, ad basin multistriato. Tue RIBBED Panupina. Shell elevately conical, swarthy- olive, whorls flatly sloping round the upper part, then sharply angled, corded throughout with fine thread-like ribs and ridges, last whorl rather ventri- cose, many-striated at the base. Quoy, Moll. Voy. de l’Astrol. pl. $0. f. 1 to 3. Hab. Borneo. Of a peculiar swarthy-olive colour, sharply angled at the shoulder, corded throughout with fine thread-like ribs and ridges, which are rather paler in colour, yellowish. It comes very near to P. angularis. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA GIGANTEA. Pal. testd elevato-conicd, subven- tricosd, virescente, saturate viridi plus minus obscure fasciatd et lineatd, anfractibus superné obtuse twnidis, deinde rotundatis, striis longitudinalibus numerosis, confertis. THE GIGANTIC PaLUDINA. Shell elevately conical, rather ventricose, pale-green, more or Jess obscurely banded and lineated with dark-green, whorls obtusely swollen round the upper part, then rounded, decussately very minutely striated, longitudinal strie numerous, close- set. Von prem Buscu, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Bengal; Central Africa. decussatim minutissimé striatis, It is somewhat doubtful whether this is not a light in- flated form of P. Bengalensis ; yet Mr. Cuming possesses a smaller brighter-coloured shell, from Central Africa, which has these peculiarities developed in a manner which would lead to the conclusion that it is distinct. Species 8. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) PatupiIna UssuRIrensis, flavescente, viridi tinctd, rufo plerumque trifasciata, Pal. testé subgloboso-conica, anfractibus superné planulatis, deinde tumido-converis, spiraliter carinatis, longitudinaliter irregulariter pli- cato-liratis, interstitiis malleatis et striatis. Tue Ussurt Patuprna. Shell somewhat globosely coni- cal, yellowish, tinged with green, generally encircled with three red bands, whorls a little flattened at the upper part, then tumidly convex, spirally keeled, longitudinally irregularly plicately ridged, interstices malleated and striated. Gerstretpt, Land und Siiss. Moll. Sib. und Amur-Geb. part 1. p. 2. pl. 1. f. 1 to 4. Hab. Mouth of the Ussuri, a tributary of the River Amoor, Siberia; Gerstfeldt. A fine and very characteristic Siberian species, in which the whorls are keeled, but the keels are serrated by irregular longitudinal ridges and strive, which are scarcely developed until the shell approaches maturity, and seem to indicate a departure from the typical symmetry of the plan of erowth. June, 1862. PALUDINA.—Prate II. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupIna oxytropis. Pal. lestd pyramidali-conicd, tenui, ventricosd, ferrugined, ustulato-fusco fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, costis tribus distantibus regulariter funiculatis, inferne inflato-angulatis. THE STRONGLY-KEELED PatupINA. Shell pyramidally conical, thin, ventricose, rust-stained, banded with burnt-brown, whorls slopingly convex, regularly corded with three distant ribs, inflatedly angled at the lower part. Benson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. 1836, vol. v. Paludina pyramidata, Von dem Busch. Hab. Bengal. A pyramidally-conical shell, of light inflated growth, encircled throughout with three strongly-developed distant cord-like keels. Paludina PLL. 13.b. Sowerby, del. et Lith Vincent Brooks, Imp Ae USD NGA. Puate III. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA PR#HROSA. Pal. testd conico-turbinatd, crassa, solidd, olivaced, apice erosd, anfractibus subangustis, ad suturas constrictis, deinde declivi-rotundatis, undi- que oblique plicato-striatis, striis rudibus, valde irre- guiaribus. ERODED PAtupiNa. Shell conically turbinated, thick, solid, olive, eroded at the apex, whorls rather narrow, constricted at the sutures, then slopingly rounded, everywhere obliquely plicately striated, strive rude, very irregular. GerstretptT, Land und Siiss. Moll. Sib. und Amur- Gebs Part I. p: 5; pls 1, f. 5. to 7. Hab. Mouth of the Ussuri, a tributary of the river Amoor, Siberia; Gerstfeldt. THE A shell of remarkably solid growth, unusually constricted at the sutures. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PaLupina Cumtnerr. Pal. lestd ovato-conicd, olivacea ; anfractibus subungustis, rotundatis, superne impresso- planis, undique minute decussatim striatis ec malleatis. Cuminea’s Patuptna. Shell ovately conical, olive ; whorls | rather narrow, rounded, impressly flattened at the upper part, everywhere minutely decussately striated and malleated. Hantey, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Calanang, Province of Baic, Island of Luzon, Phi- lippines. Distinguished from the European P. contecta, which it much resembles in the roundness of the whorls and in the decussately-striated malleated character of the surface, by the peculiar impressed flatness of their upper edge next the sutures. Paludina Cumingii, D’Orbigny, is a species of Paludestrina. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA AMPULLACEA. Pal. testd subgloboso-conicd, Jlavescente-olivaced, anfractibus subangustis, tumido- rotundatis, longitudinaliter dense striatis et malle- alis. THE BOTTLE PALUDINA. nical, yellowish-olive, whorls rather narrow, tumidly rounded, longitudinally densely striated and malle- ated. Cuarpentier, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. \taly. This fine species is not striated spirally, but only longi- tudinally, and the whorls are unusually widely convoluted. It may prove to be a gigantic form of P. contecta. Shell somewhat globosely co- Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA JAPONICA. cente-olivaced, nitente, anfractibus convexo-declivibus, Pal. subpyramidali-ovata, vires- inferne obtuse angulatis et carinatis, longitudinaliter plicato-striatis, striis versus aperturam confertioribus rUugosis. Tue Japan PaLupIna. ovate, greenish-olive, shining, whorls convexly slo- ping, obtusely angled and keeled round the lower part, longitudinally pheately striated, strize closer and Shell somewhat pyramidally rough towards the aperture. Martens, Malak. Blatt. vol. vil. p. 44. Hab. Japan. A very distinct form of Paludina, in which the whorls slope to an obtuse angle at the lower part, the angle falling in the place of the suture. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA ANGULARIS. rale olivaced, anfractibus subangustis, fortiter decus- Pal. testé elevato-conicd, satu- satim striatis, superne angulatis, costis tenuibus tribus, liris duabus in interstitiis, spiraliter funiculatis. THE ANGULAR PaLupiINa. Shell elevately conical, dark-olive, whorls rather narrow, strongly decussately striated, angled round the upper part, spirally corded with three fine ribs, having two faint ridges in the interstices. Nerita angularis, Miller, Hist. Verm. part 2. p. 187. Helix angularis, Gmelin. Paludina angularis, Philippi. Hab. Manila, Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Closely allied to P. costaéa, but it is a more delicately- formed shell, of a brighter olive colour. June, 1862. oh i Hi fla ‘ a \ £ t : 5 a! : ” ite! , i aa > 7 2 E ea x 7 ' i un id ad e ayeer L aoe LIT: ot ty"? : iW Tyan! P hames DUM ia ‘ il 4 ( _ b Gay pal F = ‘ . 4 ; 6 { a — 34% ¢ ) | * os f ¥. iW cd iy , f OGD o* } ‘rl i] " : . a ( ® 7 A © PRE Ah deat ren 2 ube eas: 1 4 4 { eh A * Y die Bah y r 7 : { ‘ a9 em) a de 7 2 1 | aad Pat ra | oy? q DB. 510 lll U cour ea) wig agi 2 a ia? a. ae ; b sdiraqalh’ pulcemmmblictey Pall a iain. ty Claman, \aee ee 9 pom ee | ; me , Ly m » ayy - lew ~. ¢ 7 \ , é f ug r 7 4 a ' wits J 9 a0 ae 7 24 iM Tame / | a's . Fa 7 - 7 fh LS th eau ut ] = a — 48 ‘ine am, IE . =) iia I 1 om nye , Aiteen aie pail et ane gl: is bles whe Maa a-egl iw . | (ee ie a8 6 dee, sy? A venues? & nll ret Si ee Meh OnO RO al ad Od re, pted ras » og ee : ee Tis oh a tw at i * en cmamni® vt qo al mie oy \auaee Sie es? (so GOarallh. dee ng a) é w Celso) 200 Wiedlte ° ee a ee 2 ae bal ’ i Paludina Pl1V PA UD NAY. Puate IV. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA INTERTEXTA. Pal. testd abbreviato-globosd, intense viridi, spird parum exsertd, anfractibus sub- angustis, tumido-rotundatis, striis minutis crispato- punctatis undique decussatis. Tue woven Patuprina. Shell shortly globose, dark- ereen, spire but little exserted, whorls rather narrow, tumidly rounded, decussated throughout with minute crisply-punctured striz. Say, Amer. Conch. pl. 30. f. 3, 4. Hab. New Orleans (in lakes and marshes) ; Say. Of a curious, shortly-globose form, very dark green in colour, with the surface minutely superficially sculptured with decussating crisply-punctured striae. P. sinistrorsa, Lea, may be a sinistral state of this species. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) Patuptna BurrovuGuiaNna. Pal. testd conico-ovatd, fla- vescente, anfractibus rotundatis, subobsolete spiraliter multiliratis, undique malleatis et decussatim rugoso- strialis. Burroven’s Patupina. Shell conically ovate, yellowish, whorls rounded, rather obsoletely spirally many- ridged, everywhere malleated and decussately ru- gosely striated. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. v. pl. 19. f. 80. Hab. Manilla, Island of Luzon, Philippines. The only specimen I have been able to. procure is cha- racterized by a variety of sculpture, confusedly developed, and more or less obsolete. Mr. Lea figures one of much larger size, and darker olive-green colour, with the spiral ridges more defined. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLUpINA QuapRATA. Pal. testd pyramidali-conicd, solidiusculd, fusco-olivaced, anfractibus declivibus, plano-convexis, inferne obtuse angulatis et carinatis, longitudinaliter oblique striatis, liris duabus vel tribus plus minus obsoletis interdum cinctis. THE squaRED PatuprNa. Shell pyramidally conical, rather solid, brown-olive, whorls sloping, flatly con- vex, obtusely angled and keeled round the lower part, longitudinally obliquely striated, sometimes encircled with two or three more or less obsolete ridges. Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1842. Phil. Abbild. vol. ii. p. 135. pl. 2. f. 5. Hab. China. Well distinguished by its solid pyramidally-conical form, obtusely angled at the base. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupINA CuHiNENsIs. Pal. testdé ovato-ventricosd, fusco- olivaced, anfractibus latiusculis, inflatis, oblique longi- tudinaliter plicato-striatis, versus apicem malleatis. Tue Cuina Patupina. Shell ovately ventricose, brown- olive, whorls rather broad, inflated, obliquely longi- tudinally plicately striated, malleated towards the apex. Gray, Griffith’s Cuv. Anim. King. Moll. pl. 1. f. 5. Hab, Chusan. The whorls of this species are broader and more ventri- cose than in any other of the genus. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLuDINA INFLATA. Pal. testa conico-turbinatd, flaves- cente-olivaced, anfractibus subangustis, rotundatis, ad suturas profundé impressis, undique rugoso-malleatis et decussutim plicato-liratis et minutissime striatis ; aperture margine purpureo-nigro. THE INFLATED PaxupiNna. Shell conically turbinated, yellowish-olive, whorls rounded, deeply impressed at the sutures, roughly malleated and decussately plicately ridged, and very minutely striated ; margin of the aperture purple-black. Vixxa, Archiv. Skandinav. 1850, p. 330. Hab. Sweeden; Austria. rather narrow, The whorls of this species are rather more than usually pressed in at the sutures. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA VIRIDISs. Pal. testd elevato-conicd, intense viridt, anfractibus rotundatis, levibus, ad suturas subcon- strictis, sub lente undique minute decussatim striatis. June, 1862. PALUDINA.—Puate IV. Tue GREEN PatuprNna. Shell elevately conical, dark- eveen, whorls rounded, smooth, rather constricted at the sutures, beneath the lens minutely decussately striated throughout. Hantey, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? An apparently smooth shell, of very dark green colour, but elaborately decussately striated beneath the lens. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupIna LEcytHotpEs. Pal. testdé conico-ovatd, sub- ventricosd, flavescente-olivaced, obscure pallidissime fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, tumidiusculis, ad su- turas subconstrictis, longitudinaliter irregulariter pli- cato-striatis. THE YOLK-LIKE PaLupina. Shell conically ovate, rather ventricose, yellowish-olive, obscurely very faintly banded, whorls rounded, rather swollen, slightly con- stricted, longitudinally irregularly plicately striated. Benson, Phil. Abbild. vol. ii. p. 133. pl. 2. f. 1. Hab. Chusan. A shell of very simple character, quite devoid of spiral strie. whee hone ag here _ tse i oe thi ha re teed Oe Paludina PL V. 6.8 25.0 11. Vincent £ PALU DIN A. PraTEe V. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina Coosagnsts. Pal. testa subglobosd, sordidé olivaced, spird scalariformi, suturis valde impressis, anfractibus subangustis, rotundatis, longitudinaliter corrugatim crispato-striatis, spiraliter lineari-incisis ; apertura lunato-circulari. Tue Coosa Patupina. Shell subglobose, dusky-olive, spire scalariform, sutures very much impressed, whorls rather narrow, rounded, longitudinally corrugately crisply striated, spirally linearly engraved; aperture lunar-circular. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 28. Vivipara Coosaensis, Binney. Hab. Coosa River, Alabama, United States. Distinguished by an impressly channelled suture, and a peculiar sculpture of longitudinal crisply wrinkled strive. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupiIna Wareana. Pal. testdé subgloboso-conicd, so- Uidiusculd, olivaced, anfractibus convewxis, copiose con- stricto-striatis ; apertura lunari-ovatd, parviusculd. THe Ware Patuprina. Shell subglobosely conical, ra- ther solid, olive, whorls convex, copiously con- strictedly striated; aperture lunar-ovate, rather small. SHurrLewortu, Kiister, Conch. Cab. p- 21. pl. iv. f. 10. Tat Vivipara Wareana, Binney. Hab. Lake Ware, East Florida, United States. According to the specimen preserved in Mr. Cuming’s collection as a type of this species, it is a shell of rather solid growth, densely constrictedly striated throughout, but yet thin and transparent towards the aperture. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupina TEXANA. solidd, virescente, suturis impressis, anfractibus plano- Pal. testé subpyramidali-conicd, declivibus, medio subconcavis, ad basin rotundatis ; apertura pyriformi-circulari, parviusculda. Tne Texas PaLuprNa. conical, solid, light green, sutures impressed, whorls flatly sloping, slightly concave in the middle, rounded Shell somewhat pyramidally at the base; aperture pyriformly circular, rather small. Vivipara Texana, Tryon, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1862. Vivipara subpurpurea, var., Binney. Hab. Texas, United States. This species has been lately described by Mr. Tryon. Mr. Binney considers it a variety of P. subpurpurea ; but if the specimen here figured can be relied upon as a type, and I know not to what other species it can be referred, P. Tevana should, I think, be retained. Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA MALLEATA. Pal. testdé globoso-conica, sub- inflata, vivide olivaced, anfractibus rotundatis, longi- tudinaliter copiosé plicato-striatis, spiraliter obscure lineari-puncturatis, ubique malleatis ; apertura pyri- formi-ovatd, labro nigro-marginato. THE MALLEATED Patupina. Shell globosely conical, rather inflated, bright olive, whorls rounded, longi- tudinally copiously plicately striated, spirally ob- securely linearly punctured, everywhere malleated ; aperture pyriformly ovate, lip black-edged. Hab. Japan. This and the following Japanese species differ from the American species of similar form, P. intertexta for example, in being malleated throughout. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA ABBREVIATA. Pal. testa globosd, nigricante- olivaced, spird abbreviatd, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturas appressis, inferne obsolete angulatis, longitudi- naliter copiose constricto-striatis, spiraliter obscure lineari-puncturatis, ubique malleatis ; apertura pyri- Sormi-ovatd, labro nigro-marginato. THE SHORTENED Patupina. Shell globose, dark olive, spire shortened, whorls rounded, appressed at the sutures, obsoletely angled round the lower part, longitudinally copiously constrictedly striated, spi- rally obscurely linearly punctured, everywhere mal- leated ; aperture pyriformly ovate, lip black-edged. Hab, Japan. Similar to the preceding species in detail of character, February, 1863. PALUDINA—P.iateE V. but of different form. The spire is abbreviated, impress- ing the sutures into a canal, and they are obscurely ob- tusely angled round the lower part. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLuDINA MELANOSTOMA. Pal. testa globoso-conicd, flaves- cente-olivaced, inferné pallide fasciatd, anfractibus convexis, subinflatis, ubique malleatis et minuté punc- turatis ; apertura pyriformi-circulari, parviusculd. THE BLACK-MOUTHED PaLupINA. Shell globosely coni- cal, yellowish-olive, faintly banded round the lower part, whorls convex, rather inflated, everywhere mal- leated and minutely punctured ; aperture pyriformly circular, rather small. Benson, MS. Hab. Bengal. A faintly banded shell, with a malleated surface, crowded throughout with minute punctures, Species 28. (Mus. Anthony.) Patupina Brermonpiana. Pal. testdé profunde angusté umbilicatd, globosa, flavescente-olivuced, purpureo con- spicue trifasciatd, spird brevi, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturas impressis, densé longitudinaliter striatis ; apertura ovatd. Bermonb’s Patuprna. Shell deeply narrowly umbili- cated, globose, yellowish-olive, encircled with three conspicuous purple bands, spire short, whorls rounded, impressed at the sutures, closely longitudinally stri- ated ; aperture ovate. D’Orsreny, Moll. Cuba, p. 7. pl. 10. f. 5. Hab. Cuba. A compact, closely convoluted shell, with a small spire, and narrow deep umbilicus, encircled with three very dis- tinct purple bands, the upper one of which is in the suture. Fig. 29. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured, Paludina nucleus of Mousson, inhabiting the vicinity of Constantinople, appears to me to be a variety of P. vivipara. BY. Ghat el. et lith Paludina PUM. 32 JOT: Vincent Brooks, Imp Pe UD aN: Ax Puate VI. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) PatupiInA AmputLariompEs. Pal. testdé subgloboso-co- nica, solidiusculé, fuscescente-olivaced, purpureo irre- gulariter lineari-fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturas subangulato-appressis, ubique minute punctu- ratis ; apertura pyriformi-ovata. Tue AMPULLARIA-LIKE Patupina. Shell somewhat globosely conical, rather solid, dusky olive, irregularly linearly banded with purple, whorls rounded, rather angularly appressed at the sutures, minutely punc- tured throughout; aperture pyriformly ovate. Haney, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. e A very distinct minutely punctured species, of rather solid growth, encircled very irregularly with purple bands, some of which are quite linear. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) PatuDINA FILOsA. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, flavescente- olivaced, nitente, fasciis quatuor linearibus equidistan- tibus nigris cingulatd, anfractibus conrevis, levibus, sub lente obsoleté minute puncturatis ; apertura subcir- culari. THE THREAD-ENCIRCLED PaLupina. Shell ovately co- nical, yellowish-olive, shining, encircled with four equidistant black linear bands, whorls convex, smooth, beneath the lens obsoletely minutely punctured ; aper- ture nearly circular. Haney, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? Another very characteristic species, with a shining yel- lowish-olive surface neatly ruled with black linear bands. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina Crytantca. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, solidius- culd, virescente-olivaced, anfractibus plano-convevis, superne et inferne declivi-angulatis, ubique dense spi- raliter lineari-striatis et puncturalis, ad angulos ob- tusé carinatis ; apertura pyriformi-ovatd, nigro-mar- ginala. THe Cry~on Paxupina. Shell ovately conical, rather solid, greenish-olive, whorls flatly convey, flatly angled above and below, everywhere closely spirally linearly striated and punctured, obtusely keeled at the angles aperture pyriformly ovate, black-edged. Donry, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 123. Hab. Ceylon. Readily recognized by its obtusely-angled form and dense sculpture of spiral lines and punctures. Species 33. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA cRAssa. Pal. testé ovato-turbinatd, solidd, Jlavescente-olivaced, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturas constrictis, oblique plicato-striatis, spiraliter minutis- sime undato-striatis et puncturatis ; apertura fere cir- culari, nigro-marginata. THE THICK PaLupina. Shell ovately turbinated, solid, yellowish-olive, whorls rounded, constricted at the sutures, obliquely plicately striated, spirally very mi- nutely wave-striated and punctured; aperture nearly circular, black-edged. Hurron, Benson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. 1836, p. 745. Paludina obtusa, Troschel. Hab. Jaunpore, India; Burmah. Of a peculiarly solid constricted growth, copiously mi- nutely punctured, like most Eastern species. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA ZONATA. bilicatd, ovato-conicd, viride virente-olivaced, nitente, Pal. testa anguste subprofunde um- fasciis nigris linearibus nitidis cingulata, anfractibus levibus, sub lente minute puncturatis ; apertura pyri- Sormi-circulari, nigro-marginata. THE ZONED PaLupINa. Shell narrowly rather deeply umbilicated, ovately conical, bright greenish-olive, shining, encircled with neat black linear bands, whorls convex, smooth, beneath the lens minutely punctured ; aperture pyriformly circular, black-edged. Hantey, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Mauritius. Another shining black-banded species of the same bright porcelain-like type as P. filosa figured above it. February, 1863. PALUDINA.—Puare VI. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA PREMORSA. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, olivaced, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter minute decus- satin erispato-striatis, spiraliter dense minutissime puncturatis ; apertura pyriformi-circulari, nigro-mar- guata. Tue ERODED PaLupINA. Shell ovately conical, olive, whorls convex, longitudinally minutely decussately crisply striated, spirally densely very minutely punc- tured; aperture pyriformly circular, black-edged. Benson MS., Philippi (misprinted Remossiz), Abbild. und Besch. Conch. vol. ii. p. 134. pl. 2. f. 3. Hab. Bengal. [ have the authority of Mr. Benson for stating that the name Remossii published by Philippi, and adopted by Kiister and Frauenfeld, is a mistaken reading of the name premorsa, communicated by Mr. Benson to Dr. Philippi in manuscript. As there is no such person as Remosse, that name must be cancelled. Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA CILIATA. Pal. testd profunde angusté umbili- catd, ovato-conicd, solidd, olivaceo-viridi, versus apicem purpurascente tinctd, anfractibus convewis, undique spi- raliter lineari-eiliatis, juata suturas anguste angulatis, angulo versus aperturam ecanido, anfractu ultimo circa umbilicum excavato et umbilicato ; aperturd pyriformi- circulari, vivide nigro-maryinalda. THE EYE-LASH PaLupINna. Shell deeply narrowly um- bilicated, ovately conical, solid, olive-green, purple- tinged towards the apex, whorls convex, spirally linearly eyelashed throughout, narrowly angled next the sutures, angle disappearing towards the aperture, last whorl excavated and keeled around the umbili- cus; aperture pyriformly circular, with a shining black edge. Hab. Siam; Mouhot. This very remarkable and beautiful species, encircled throughout with minute bristly hair-lashes, was collected the year before last by the unfortunate Mouhot. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina Hamuttont. Pal. testé angusté profunde umbilicatd, attenuatim conico-ovatd, intense olivaced, spira elatd, anfractibus rotundatis, juxta suturas ap- pressis, minute decussatim striatis, ultimo circa umbi- licum subexcavato ; apertura pyriformi-circulari. Hamivron’s Patupina. Shell narrowly deeply umbili- cated, attenuately conically ovate, dark olive, spire raised, whorls rounded, appressed next the suture, minutely decussately striated, last whorl a little exca- vated around the umbilicus ; aperture pyriformly cir- cular. MercaLre, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1S51, p. 73. Hab. Borneo. A species apparently of an ordinary character, but par- taking of the Siam type in being angularly excavated, though in a slight degree, around the umbilicus. Paludina Lt. VT 2 FIG a He Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Byooks, Imp PALUDIN A: Puate VII. Species 38. (Fig. a, 6, ce, Mus. Cuming.) PaLupina potyzonata. Pal. testd subpyramidali-conicé, Havescente-olivaced, nigricante-fusco lineari-fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, ad basin angulatis, carinis subdistantibus undique funiculatis ; apertura ovatd, margine columellari subcalloso, carnco tincto. THE MANY-ZONED PaLupriNna. Shell somewhat pyrami- dally conical, yellowish-olive, linearly banded with dark brown, whorls slopingly convex, angled at the base, corded throughout with rather distant keels; aper- ture ovate, columellar margin rather callous, flesh- tinted. Vivipara polyzonata, Frauenfeld, Ueb. die Gatt. p. 4. Hab. Philippine Islands. Of the same peculiar type as P. oxytropis of Bengal, but of more solid growth and smaller. The cords in each species are conspicuously raised. Species 39. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Patuptna InGatusianus. Pal. testd oblique pyramidali- conicd, cinereo-viridi, olivaceo strigatd et variegatd, spira elatd, acuta, anfractibus declivi-convexis, oblique plicato-corrugatis et crispato-striatis, spiraliter minute puneturatis, anfractu ultimo infra peripheriam uni- carinato ; apertura pyriformi-ovatd, fauce callosa, alba, Incauus’ Panupina. Shell obliquely pyramidally coni- eal, ash-green, streaked and variegated with olive, spire elevated, sharp, whorls slopingly convex, ob- liquely plicately wrinkled and crisply striated, spi- rally minutely punctured, last whorl encircled with a keel below the periphery ; aperture pyriformly ovate, interior callous, white. Lea, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. June, 1856. Hab. Japan. This fine and remarkable species, of which there are many varieties known, was described by Mr. Lea, from specimens collected in Japan by Mr. Ingalls, an American missionary. Species 40. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Patupina umpiLicata. Pal. testa subobtecté umbili- catd, pyramidali-conicd, subabbreviatd, solidd, flaves- cente-olivaced, versus apicem purpureo-cinered, anfrac- tibus superné appresse rotundatis, deinde plano-conveais, ad basin carinatis et angulatis, undique oblique arcu- atin striatis, spiraliter minute puncturatis ; aperlurd subqguadrato-ovatd, fauce callosd, alba. UMBILICATED PaLuprINa. Shell witha covered um- bilicus, pyramidally conical, rather shortened, solid, yellowish-olive, purple-ash towards the apex, whorls appressly rounded at the upper part, then flatly con- vex, keeled and angled at the base, everywhere ob- liquely arcuately striated, spirally minutely punc- tured; aperture somewhat squarely ovate, interior callous, white. Lea, Pro. Acad. Nat. Hab. Siam; Mouhot. Sci. Phil. June, 1856. Curiously allied in P. Ingallsiana, but of a peculiar shortened subquadrate typical character to the Japanese form. Species 41. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) PaLupina mruGinosa. Pal, testd subanguste pyrami- dali-conicd, intense ceruleo-viridi, anfractibus declivi- convexis, interdum versus basin obtuse carinatis, ubique oblique plicato-striatis, sub lente spiraliter obsolete minutissime puncturatis ; apertura pyriformi-ovata. BRONZE PALUDINA. midally conical, dark blue-green, whorls slopingly convex, sometimes obtusely keeled towards the base, everywhere obliquely phcately striated, beneath the THE Shell rather narrowly pyra- lens spirally obsoletely very minutely punctured ; aperture pyriformly ovate. Hab. China. Very closely allied to P. guadrata, from the same loca- lity, the specimens are uniformly lighter, and of a pe- culiar bronze blue-green colour. February, 1863. “ * i 4 = 4 s* Paludina Pl. VII. Sowerby, delet Lith Vincent Brooks, Imp PAP UD EN A. Prate VIII. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLuptna Harnestana. Pal. testd oblique globosd, solidd, olivaced, anfractibus ad suturas impressis, deinde declivi-convenis, versus basin gibbosis, ubique ob- ligue plicato-striatis, spiraliter minutissimé punctu- ratis ; apertura ovata. Harnes’ Patupina. Shell obliquely globose, solid, olive, whorls impressed at the sutures, then slopingly convex, gibbous towards the base, everywhere ob- liquely plicately striated, spirally very minutely punctured ; aperture ovate. Lea, MS. in Mus, Cuming. ke Hab. Siam. ce A solid globose shell, still bearing a crowded profusion of the very minute punctures characteristic of the Hastern species. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina CycLostomatirormis. Pai. testd cylindraceo- turritd, solida, olivaced, anfractibus rotundatis, levi- bus, ad suturas constricto-impressis ; apertura oblique ovatd, parva. THE CycLoOsTOMA-SHAPED PaLuUDINA. cally turreted, solid, olive, whorls rounded, smooth, Shell cylindri- constrictedly impressed at the sutures; aperture obliquely ovate, small. Lua, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. parti. p. 23. Paludina contorta, Shuttleworth. Paludina Elliotti, Lea. Vivipara Cyclostomatiformis, Binney. Hab. Coosa River, Alabama, United States. Well distinguished from all other species of the genus by its narrow cylindrically-turreted form and small aperture. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) Pal. flavescente-olivaced, spird ad apicem PALUDINA SUBCARINATA. testd globoso-turritd, acutd, carneo- tinctd, suturis impresso-canaliculatis, anfractibus ro- tundatis, minute decussatim undato-striatis, superne obtuse carinatis ; aperturd oblique ovata. THE FAINTLY-KEELED PALUDINA. reted, yellowish-olive, spire sharp at the apex, flesh- Shell globosely tur- tinted, sutures impressly channelled, whorls rounded, | PaLUDINA COARCTATA. minutely decussately wave-striated, obtusely keeled round the upper part, aperture obliquely ovate. Say, Nicholson Eney. pl. 1. f. 7. Paludina sulculosa, Menke. Paludina bicarinata, Potiez and Michaud. Helix decisa, Wood. Hab. Alabama, Ohio, ete., United States. Sharp-pointed and flesh-tinged at the apex, whorls rudely tumidly rounded next the sutures, and presenting one or two obtusely developed keels. Species 45. (Fig. a, c, d, Mus. Anthony ; Fig. 4, Mus. Cuming.) Patupina pecisa. Pal. testd ovatd, plus minus conicd, solida, vivide virescente-olivaced, anfractibus concavis, sub lente minutissime reticulato-striatis, ad suturas rude appressis; apertura pyriformi-ovald, fauce callosd, cerulescente-alba. THe ERODED PaLupINa. conical, solid, bright greenish-olive, whorls concave, beneath the lens very minutely reticulately striated, rudely appressed at the sutures ; aperture pyriformly ovate, callous, bluish-white within. Say, Nicholson Eney. pl. 3. f. 5. Paludina integra and ponderosa, Say. Shell ovate, more or less Paludina genicula, Conrad. Paludina, limosa, cornea, and ovularis, Valenciennes. Paludina heterostropha, Kirtland. Paludina rufa, Haldeman. Helix dissimilis, Wood. Paludina subsolida, Authony. Vivipara ponderosa and decisa, Binney. Hab. Alabama, Georgia, Ohio, ete., United States. Far too many species have been made of this well-known and somewhat variable species. The extreme forms are Say’s P. integra (Fig. 45 a), in which the spire is ele- vated, and Conrad’s P. genicula (Fig. 45 c, d), in which it Kirtland’s P. heterostropha is the same form reversed. Say’s P. ponderosa (ig. 45 0) is an in- termediate form of rudely-developed thickened growth. is contracted. Species 46. (Fig. 46 a, Mus. Anthony.) Pal. testd pyramidali-conied, February, 1863. PALUDINA.—Ptarte VIII. solidd, virescente-olivaced, anfractibus ad suturas con- strictis, deinde declivi-convexis, planiusculis, sub lente minute decussatim undato-striatis ; apertura subtri- gono-ovatd, parviusculd. THE CONTRACTED PaLUDINA. Shell pyramidally conical, solid, greenish-olive, whorls constricted at the su- tures, then slopingly convex, rather flat, beneath the lens minutely decussately wave-striated; aperture somewhat triangularly ovate, rather small. Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vol. ix. p. 30. Paludina evilis, Anthony. Vivipara coarctata, pars, Binney. Hab. Mississippi, United States. I follow Mr. Binney in referring Mr. Anthony’s P. evilis to Mr. Lea’s P. coarctata, but cannot agree with him in referrmg Mr. Anthony’s P. dima to the same species. 1 am indebted to the assiduous conchologist of Cincinnati for the loan of the same typical specimens of which Mr. Binney has given outline sketches in his monograph. Here they are represented in finished drawings, and no It will be seen by the numbering of the figures that I determined in the first instance to follow Mr. Binney in giving Mr. Anthony’s P. exilis and lima as varieties of one and the same species, but on a further examination of their characters in detail, I revert to the opinion that they are distinct. figures could be more characteristic. Species 47. (Mus. Anthony.) PALUDINA SUBPURPUREA. Pal. testa subcylindraceo-tur- ritd, solida, olivaced, purpurascente pallidissime tinctd, anfractibus ad suturas rudé constrictis, superné de- clivi-contractis, deinde rotundatis, undique plicato- striatis ; apertura pyriformi-circulari, parviusculd. THE PURPLE-TINGED PaLUDINA. Shell somewhat cylin- drically twrreted, solid, olive, very faintly tinged with purple, whorls rudely constricted at the sutures, slopingly contracted round the upper part, then rounded, plicately striated throughout ; aperture py- riformly circular, rather small. Say, Amer. Conch. vol. iii. pl. 30. f. 2. Hab. Southern and western United States. This species may be readily distinguished by the slopingly contracted growth of the upper part of the whorls, and their constriction at the sutures. Species 48. (Fig. 46 6, Mus. Anthony.) PaLupina Tima. Pal. testd oblongo-ovatd, virescente- olivaced, anfractibus convexis, undique spiraliter sub- remote obtuse liratis, interstitiis concaviusculis, striis minutis undulatis decussatis ; apertura ovata. THE FILE Patupina. Shell oblong-ovate, greenish- olive, whorls convex, spirally obtusely rather dis- tantly ridged throughout, interstices slightly con- cave, decussated with minute waved strie ; aperture ovate. Antuony, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1860, p. 70. Vivipara coarctata, pars, Binney. Hab. South Carolina, United States. Obviously distinguished from P. coarctata by its light oblong-ovate form and characteristic sculpture. Paludina Pu lt ry rez h Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp PAL DEN A: Prats IX. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina Tuersites. Pal. testd globosd, fulvo-olivaced, spird brevi, subimmersd, suturis canaliculatis, anfrac- tibus superne obtuse multicarinatis ; apertura parvius- cul. Tur TuersitEs Patupina. Shell globose, fulvous- olive, spire short, somewhat immersed, sutures chan- nelled, whorls obtusely many-keeled round the upper part; aperture rather small. Haney, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? The spire is in this species curiously immersed, but it is not a deformity of growth. There is another equally cha- racteristic specimen in the British Museum. Species 50. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA LINEOLATA. Pal. testé ovato-conicd, virescente, nigricante-olivaceo multilineatd, anfractibus levibus, superne declivibus, deinde convevis ; apertura parvius- culd, pyriformi-rotundata. THE LINEATED PaLupINA. Shell ovately conical, green- ish, many-lineated with dark-olive, whorls smooth, sloping round the upper part, then convex ; aperture rather small, pyriformly rounded. Movusson, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Siam. A smooth linearly-painted shell, of the same type as P. Bengalensis, uniformly smaller and of a more slopingly conical form. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Patuptna FALLAX. Pal. testé ovato-conicd, subinflata, virescente-olivaced, anfractibus superne subangulatis, obscurissime carinatis et malleatis, undique minute grano-striatis ; apertura pyriformi-ovata. THE DECEPTIVE PALUDINA. Shell ovately conical, rather inflated, greenish-olive, whorls faintly angled round the upper part, very obscurely keeled and malleated, everywhere minutely grain-striated; aperture pyri- formly ovate. Vivipara fallax, Frauenfeld, Ueber die Gattung Vivipara, November, 1862. Hab. Brazils? Madyas ? Having compared this shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection with Frauenfeld’s original type of P. fadlax, I can affirm, without any doubt, that they are the same. The habitat “ Brazils,” which Mr. Cuming has with it, may be erro- neous. Frauenfeld gives Madras. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) Patupina Javanica. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, solidius- culd, nigricante-olivaced, anfractibus convexis, obscu- rissime carinatis, undique validé lineari-striatis, lon- gitudinaliter plicato-striatis, anfractu ultimo circa umbilicum angulato-excavato ; apertura pyriformi- ovata. Tue Java Patuprina. Shell ovately conical, rather solid, dark-olive, whorls convex, very obscurely keeled, strongly linearly striated throughout, plicately stri- ated longitudinally, last whorl angularly excavated around the umbilicus; aperture pyriformly ovate. Von prem Buscu, Albild. und Besch. Conch. pl. 1. fem lolemltes Hab. Java. In this species the granular striae assume the form of linear ridges, and longitudinal strize descend im a plicated manner from the sutures. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupiIna caRINATA. Pal. testd subgloboso-conicd, fulvd, obscurissime fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, primo ad marginem inferiorem carinatis, deinde striis undulatis sericeis undique confertim decussatis ; aperturd ovata. Tue KEELED Patupina. Shell somewhat globosely conical, fulvous, very faintly banded, whorls rounded, at first keeled at the lower margin, then very closely decussated throughout with waved silken sirie ; aper- ture ovate. Hab. Philippine Islands. Of a peculiar fulvous colour, keeled round the lower edge of all but the last whorl, in which the keel fades away. April, 1863. PALUDINA.—Purate IX. Species 54. (Mus. Anthony.) PaLUDINA MaGNiIFIcA. Pal. testd subpyramidali-ovatd, solidd, fusco-olivaced, suturis profundé canaliculatis, anfractibus superne plicato-marginatis, deinde concavis, deinde tuberculis biseriatim cinctis ; apertura parvius- culd, trapezoidea. THE MAGNIFICENT Patuprna. Shell somewhat pyra- midally ovate, solid, brown-olive, sutures deeply channelled, whorls plicately margined round the upper part, then concave, then encircled with two rows of tubercles; aperture rather small, trapezoid. Conrap, New Freshwater Shells, p. 48. pl. 8. f. 4. Paludina bimonilifera, Lea. Vivipara magnifica, Binney. Hab. Alabama and Georgia, United States. This fine species is remarkably distinct from any other form of the genus, and partakes largely of the generic character of Melania. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLuDINA AMpLIOR. Pal. testa ovato-conicd, subinflata, virescente-olivaced, anfractibus convexis, undique minute grano-striatis, ultimo inferné obscurissime angulato ; apertura ovata. THE LARGER PALUDINA. inflated, greenish-olive, whorls convex, minutely erain-striated throughout, the last very obscurely angled round the lower part; aperture ovate. Movsson, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. 2 Shell ovately conical, rather It is somewhat doubtful whether this is not a variety of P. Javanica. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLUDINA Dissimitis. Pal. testa acuminato-ovatd, ci- nereo-olivaced, anfractibus supra et infra angulatis, subtiliter lineari-carinatis et grano-striatis, ultimo circa uinbilicum angulato-excavato ; aperturd parvius- cult, pyriformi-ovata. ; THE DIssIMILAR PaLupina. Shell acuminately ovate, ash-olive, whorls angled above and _ below, finely linearly keeled and grain-striated, last whorl angu- larly excavated around the umbilicus ; aperture rather small, pyriformly ovate. Miter, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab, ——? I give this shell as I find it in Mr. Cuming’s collection. It is an unsatisfactory species, not well authenticated, and has much the appearance of a young P. Ingallsiana. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA INTERMEDIA. Pal. testa globoso-conicd, sub- inflata, fuscescente-olivaced, anfractibus superneé suban- gulato-impressis, inferne obscure carinatis, undique minute grano-striatis, longitudinaliter plicato-striatis ; aperturd pyriformi-ovata. THE INTERMEDIATE Patupina. Shell globosely conical, rather inflated, fuscous-olive, whorls subangularly impressed round the upper part, obscurely keeled at the lower, minutely grain-striated throughout, pli- cately striated longitudinally; aperture pyriformly ovate. Haney, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? Allied to P. Javanica, but of a more depressly globose form, reticulately decussated with the characteristic plicate and granular striz. Paludina PL X Sowerby, del et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp PALUDINA. PuaTE X. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupDINA VARIATA. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, sordidé olivaced, anfractibus rotundatis, subangustis, superne subimpressis, striis sericeis undulatis confertim decus- satis; apertura parviusculd, ovata. THE VARIED Panupina. Shell ovately conical, dull- olive, whorls rounded, rather narrow, faintly impressed round the upper part, closely decussated with waved silken striae; aperture rather small, ovate. Vivipara variata, Frauenfeld, Ueber die Gattung Vivipara, November, 1862. Hab. Pondicherry, Of very simple character, known to me only by a single specimen received from M. Frauenfeld. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA NITENS. Pal. testd conico-ovatd, virescente- olivaced, nitente, anfractibus declivi-convexis, minute decussatim striatis, inferné angulatis, angulo in anfractu ultimo evanido ; apertura ovata. THE SHINING PaLUDINA. ish-olive, shining, whorls slopingly convex, minutely decussately striated, angled at the lower part, angle in the last whorl fading away ; aperture ovate. Hab. Japan. A minutely-sculptured shining olive shell, obscurely angled around a small umbilicus. Shell conically ovate, green- Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA ETHIOPS. draced, tenui, semipellucidd, virescente-olivaced, anfrac- tibus obtuse convexis, undique minute striatis et mal- leatis, anfractu ultimo inferne exiliter angulato ; aper- turd pyriformi-ovatd, labro nitente-nigro. THE NEGRO PatupiNna. Shell globosely ovate, subey- lindrical, thin, semitransparent, greenish-olive, whorls obtusely convex, minutely striated and malleated throughout, last whorl finely angled round the lower part ; aperture pyriformly ovate, lip shining-black. Hab. Central Africa. An interesting semitransparent dark-green shell, with a conspicuous shining-black lip, of a subcylindrical pupoid form. Pal. testé globoso-ovatd, subcylin- Fig. 61. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell proves to be a variety of Swainson’s P. cari- nata, described in the preceding Plate, with a conspicuous shining-black lip. Species 62. (Mus. Frauenfeld.) PaLuDINA FoRMOosULA. Pal. testd obeso-ovatd, sordidé olivaced, anfractibus superné nitidé declivi-angulatis, deinde plano-convexis, inferné exiliter angulatis, spira- liter grano-striatis, striis subdistantibus, umbilico sub- excavato ; aperturd ovata. THE BEAUTIFUL PaLupINa. Shell stoutly ovate, dingy- olive, whorls neatly slopingly angled round the upper part, then flatly convex, faintly angled round the lower part, spirally grain-striated, strize rather dis- tant, umbilicus somewhat excavated; aperture ovate. Vivipara formosula, Frauenfeld, Ueber die Gattung Vivi- para, November, 1862. Hab. e Chiefly distinguished from P. Javanica by its more an- gular form and more widely separated spiral strie. Fig. 63. (Mus. Cuming.) The specimen here figured appears to be one of the United States species; probably P. lima. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA Suloa, satim FULVA. Pal. testa ovato-conicd, solidiusculd, anfractibus rotundatis, obscuré minute decus- striatis, umbilico obtecto ; apertura pyriformi- ovata. Tuer FruLvous PatupiIna. Shell ovately conical, rather solid, fulvous, whorls rounded, obscurely minutely decussately striated, umbilicus covered ; aperture py- riformly ovate. Hab. Cambojia; Mouhot. This shell resembles, in general appearance, the P. cari- nata of Ceylon and Philippine Islands, but there is no keel at the base of the upper whorls, and the striation is different. April, 1863. PALUDINA.—Ptuate X. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupina SumatTreNsis. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, soli- diusculé, flavescente-olivaced, lineis nigris conspicue funiculata, anfractibus superné declivibus, deinde plano- convewis, ultimo versus basin subangulato-inflato ; aper- turd parviuscula. Tur Sumatra Patupina. Shell ovately conical, rather solid, yellowish-olive, conspicuously corded with black lines, whorls sloping round the upper part, then flatly convex, last whorl rather angularly inflated towards the base ; aperture rather small. Dunksr, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1852, p. 128. Hab. Sumatra. The prettily-painted linear bands are smooth in the earlier whorls, and rise into relief with the growth of the shell. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLupina PuNcTURATA. Pal. globoso-conicd, subinflatd, purpureo-olivaced, ad suturas pallida, anfractibus con- vexis, superne subappressis, spiraliter minutissime punc- tato-striatis ; apertura ovata. THE PUNCTURED Patupina. Shell globosely conical, rather inflated, purple-olive, pale at the sutures, whorls convex, rather appressed round the upper part, spirally very minutely puncture-striated ; aper- ture ovate. Hab. ? A dark purple-olive shell, smooth and shining, sculp- tured with rather distant spiral rows of minute punctures. Paludina Pl AT. 67 owerby, delet lith. Vincent Brooks, im » P PALUDINA. PuatEe XI, Fig. 67. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here represented is the Paludina Boissieri, Charpentier, inhabiting the vicinity of Naples; but ac- cording to Frauenfeld, who has lately made an especial study of this Family, it is a Bithynia. Species 68. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Anthony.) PALUDINA SCALARIS. sinistrali, spird late planatd, interdum concavo-immer- sa, anfractibus longitudinaliter striatis, superné acute angulatis, deinde convexis ; apertura oblonga, ampld. WINDING-STAIR PaLuDINA. Shell somewhat trian- gularly ovate, white, sinistral, spire broadly flattened, sometimes concavely immersed, whorls longitudinally siriated, sharply angled round the upper part, then Pal. testé subtrigono-ovatd, albd, THE convex; aperture oblong, large. Jay, Catalogue, pl. 1. f. 8, 9. Hab. Near Tampa Bay, Florida. A curious sinistrally coiled shell, with the spire broadly flattened or concavely immersed. Species 69. (Mus. Anthony.) PaLUDINA REGULARIS. Pal. testd globoso-ovatd, crassius- cula, nigricante-olivaced, versus apicem plus minus erosd, spird brevi, subacutd, anfractibus convexis, lavi- bus ; apertura pyriformi-oblongda, subampla. Tue REGULAR PaLupriNna. Shell globosely ovate, rather thick, blackish-olive, more or less eroded towards the apex, spire short, rather sharp, whorls convex, smooth; aperture pyriformly oblong, rather large. Lza, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. ix. p. 13. Vivipara regularis, Binney. fab. Mllinois and Ohio, United States. Of a much shorter obovate growth, with a smaller spire than any other United States species. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA VIRESCENS. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, subinflatd, pellucido-virescente, obscure fasciatd, versus apicem rubidd, anfractibus convexis, levibus, minute grano- striatis, striis subdistantibus, aufractu ultimo inferne exiliter angulato ; apertura ovati. THE GREENISH PaLupina. Shell ovately conical, rather inflated, light transparent green, obscurely banded, ruddy towards the apex, whorls convex, smooth, mi- nutely grain-striated, strie rather distant, last whorl delicately angled at the lower part; aperture ovate. Hab. Macassar. A delicately-tinted faintly banded shell of the variable P. Javanica type. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) PALUDINA bosd, fusco-olivaced, lineis fuscescentibus subdistan- AUSTRALIS. Pal. testdé ovato-conicd, subylo- tibus pallidé cinctd, anfractibus superne subappressis, deinde rotundatis, undique minutissime striatis ; aper- turd rotundato-ovatd. SOUTHERN PaLuptNna. Shell ovately conical, rather globose, fuscous-olive, faintly encircled with rather distant brownish lines, whorls slightly appressed round the upper part, then rounded, everywhere very minutely striated; aperture rotundately ovate. Hab. Victoria River, North Australia; Dring. THE A faintly lineated shell, of peculiar fuscous-olive colour. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) Patuptna Manegyana. Pal. testd ovato-conicd, subob- liqud, pallidé virescente-olivaced, rufescente interdum fasciatd, anfractibus superne declivi-converis, ad sutu- ras constrictis, longitudinaliter plicato-striatis, inter- dum conspicue malleatis ; apertura ovata. THe Mansy PaLupin. oblique, pale greenish-olive, sometimes banded with red, whorls slopingly convex round the upper part, constricted at the sutures, longitudinally plicately striated, sometimes conspicuously malleated; aper- Shell ovately conical, rather ture ovate. GraveLour, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Madagascar ? Of a peculiar pale sickly-green colour, sometimes banded with red after the manner of P. vvipara. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) PaLtupIna poLita. Pal. testd obtuse ovatd, subodliqua, April, 1863. PALUDINA.—Puate XI. solidd, pallidé olivaceo-cinered, anfractibus rotundatis, levibus, politis ; aperturd parca, rotundato-ovata. Tuer poLisHED PaLuprINna. Shell obtusely ovate, rather oblique, solid, pale olive-ash, whorls rounded, smooth, polished ; aperture small, rotundately ovate. Vivipara polita, Frauenteld, Gattung Vivipara, Nov. 1862. Hab. South Africa? The shell here figured is larger and more sharply conical than the true P. polita, of which a type specimen has been received from M. Frauenfeld. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) This appears to be a variety from Nicobar of the Ma- cassar P. virescens, Sp. 70. Species 75. (Mus. Anthony.) PaLtupIna DEcapiTaTa. Pal. testd ovato-globosd, pal- lidé cinereo-virente, spira erosd, anfractibus plano- convexis ; aperturd pyriformi-ovalda. THE DECAPITATED PaLupiNna. Shell ovately globose, pale ash-green, spire eroded, whorls flatly convex ; aperture pyriformly ovate. Antuony, Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1860, p. 71. Hab. Tenessee, United States. I give Mr. Anthony’s original type of this species, kindly forwarded to me for examination, doubting, how- ever, equally with Mr. Binney whether this and P. regularis are anything more than varieties of P. decisa. abbreviata, Reeve .........-.- achatima, Studers sao. oes oe eruginosa, Reeve . SUMO PSy-ACEVE = oeieie) atest) seas amplior, Mousson ........... ampullacea, Charpentier ...... Ampullarioides, Hanley........ angularis (Nerita), Miiller...... angulata, Lea AUStTAlISSe/LECLe) weretetna ae ee aes ee Bengalensis, Lamarck ........ Bermondiana, D’Orbigny ...... bicarinata, Potiez and Michaud. . bimonilifera, Lea ............ Boissiert, Charpentier ........ Burroughiana, Lea .......... carinata, Swainson............ @eylanicae Dohrn vem aceite « @himensis} Gi:ay aes esie Ciliatanpliceve meres ere cee COarchatasvicase racists contecta (Cyclostoma), Millet... . contorta, Shuttleworth ........ @oosaensisa Leduc sists iecie it cornea, Valenciennes.......... costata, Quoy CIREER JEOTIND nis 6a c coaa.cein 6 Cumingii, Hanley............ Cyclostomatiformis, Lea ...... decapitata, Anthony .......... decisa, Say RA ea eerE ee dissimilis, Miiller ............ dolianists Gould eeterretettecctsoe Igy WEN Ss oo6 6 ebb aaee elongata, Swainson CLUES PAM NON YA aceele cleus hele eke i> fallax, rauenfeld) .-<.< 212 210 +e a fasciata, Deshayes,.....-.1.-- floss Hanley Tas ye siss =\- 1215 - formosula, Frauenfeld ........ Mulvayeh evenness eels creek igenicula Conrady are «ea e:-) Georgiana, Lea........ PINCH, LUE Soo es hosabous alnestanas emma siercere ea Hamiltoni, Metcalfe .... 2.2... heterostropha, WKirtland........ niki, Aion ea ob Gon 6 aoa bios Ineallsianusy lea). ss. se sn) or PAL Ue Drie N: A. Species. 26 4 4] 60 55 UHYRISEN, coca nc Goa Sonos intermedia, Hanley MSUeRdD M1 So boobaoeaeoe Japonica, Martens............ JavaniCas, Busch. iis sense iene lecythoides, Benson ..... a iti, MIG) eine aciinasheo6 limosa, Valenciennes.........- lineata, Valenciennes.......... lineolata, Mousson............ Listeri, Forbes and Hanley .... magnifica, Conrad............ Maheyana, Grateloup.......... malleatawpieeves: a areenacierseee melanostoma, Benson.......... MItENSs|-LUCEUE sre site eeeien che aie: a nucleus, Mousson ........-... ObtusaslrOschel hers esi < ovularis, Valenciennes ........ OXYtLOPIS, Benson 1h. cles res = « polita, Frauenfeld ............ polyzonata, Frauenfeld ........ VIOUGRR SEN, ange ean aa0 On premorsa, Benson...........- preerosa, Gerstfeldt puncturatay Reeve os 2 cys 1. < pyramidata, Busch............ quadrata, Benson ............ ner, IOs ota onesitn, oo ae Remossii, Philippi rufaeikVal demaniyneyshereereyelete eter Scalarish/ayser sists Palsrcicte lowers SINIStrOTsasy Ce aicie cxie) eienevsyhe SUDCATIN ALAN AY re laalale lw 2 cls steyst- subpurpurea, Say .. subsolida, Anthony............ sulculosa, Menke: ............ Sumatrensis, Dunker.......... Wet, IU: sasg60doe80e6c Thersites, Hanley .... umbilicatay Leak ne ciserstacieelsrs Ussuriensis, Gersffeldt . . variata, Prauenfeld...........- VITESCENS) LECUeln 7.) tee teionetearret Vault, WehiMA BG raebeocoonoe MUCUPATA; StUETs areieve) 2 siete e211 vulgaris, Gray Wareana, Shuttleworth ........ PAVED TELIA? ocan dononoon He Species 45 57 15 13 52 Ly ro ee ae vo bat y i : ; ‘i i the ae, | ir :; oe Sil 7 f mt ae ae | @ tr - a ~ ithe Hi +) te = Ape 7 , - a ye 7 11Em rs ee aap ‘Poe f ST os 5. eal ¥ , r or — i 2a ae te i hea tet, (oo Set a, ORR KO NE or ii: aa . 0 “uti el Die a ae TL i al, cent amt 1 hie ap nati : ay te ie ay ear eat eel hae un 7 y 7 cw s : ; S 7 Tt} is ' — weet A ey i Lay ita) » i y bee £ a vue Abe 4 Da hk ne. Pi i 7 ‘—_ ie inaiaga 9% : ; Ae s 2 Ay ee oe : bs Oe ee e ik wi Ni eel) Ww _ . in u a i t -_ is 7 iy hy PT oy) fin aie Ma ] ue fae! ¥ io e “i ra ja . > YP tplisstt ater 7 = A, eile As At os ro i wus "helio pay " ae _ . af P r re \ ain feo hee 7 ( ee ur ee * hugh — be ee ld (OS Sie Cr my) ay (HEM ph es 1 eeeeerene ya = a - 2 tail Pe @! a a a iy ts » eal: eee 2 7 i ro- ai TR a oo 5 ~* _ ae + baru “Fy igor ” ie ee ra Tee ot} _ - ’ ra PM a ee CY ) ¥, a A ao hades 2 OGRE . © » h Nee oat? vie os ain We eS al 7 ay + pastes : a pans n 7 a) vi " - ot "> 7 = @ A BO a a i, 7 ie : Jie Tr 2. ot ae a een an roe ye fo) athe cee i are a5 | a _ Ad ty 7 ak a in I Sg ee ine - p . - i _ , ig ? > y, & a : lula e bate a ne a Peg Toa steal nae ar) a) A. 7) of rm a ~/i peat : ie a adel | aa he i ¥ a <) LYosel a ; ibs days Dig | By we fr, ms ee ats 7 a : " op : : & =) , me oy i wt : 7 : iti 7 i iad ; al wn I i, pial . vies a i; OAR ipo Balen : i Be 7 a - - - 7 in > aS bee ; p(hiiady, an eh ayes: i] en ; aan : i ees ; } > _ : pK ve ie > ¥ a : 7 aa ¢ Lf af aiden ray, is aes oP Py ax g SE 3 td me J te Ta en | psy 1! i aa) 7 A _ ‘_ a 9 oa hi. tet A) ee (my ot a hag : , o aly or 7 - avin s, toe oy iad a fea ‘ one ‘ "t ee AE A ee MA ie W Frat) rs a o ie a) at ; iW) a ba sg a _- a wae he wh Lig ee 1 | ie Maa ba a rene PY ae ee es “ay = = { wey! on ‘he .— ‘ Wii's ® are thy 4g 7 pati by , Le 7 st ny OF) ay ee 2 a ve tf ut lee ere: Me a ret ah Ty ae hime A a Bs 7 a [ree vy. a 7 ar Fa 1s _ be oll Di ham Shits if us oa Ay i itn cri © p a i a , Ps) wel ' yy; a - ov ti. a iY tare : ao —i?, ord ¥ y a aM aA _ 5 Whe a: "7 Apr ay i i) AG , ee =e) a MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS YCLOTUS. ‘Tf thou art worn and hard beset With sorrows that thon wouldst forget, If thou wouldst read a lesson that will keep Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep, Go to the woods and hills!’ No tears Dim the sweet look that nature wears.’— -Longfellow Cyclotus PLA ent Brooks, Imr Sowerby, del. etlith CY HOT US: PrADE Ip Genus CYCLOTUS, Guilding. Testa plus minus depresse turbinata vel discoidea, sepissime late umbilicata, anfractibus subangustis, apertura par- viusculd, marginibus continuis vel callo sinuato junctis. Operculum orbiculare, testaceum, arctispirum, eatus concaviusculum, anfractuum margine in laninam in- curvan interdum elevato. Shell more or less depressly turbinated, or discoid, mostly breadly umbilieated, whorls rather narrow, aperture rather small, margins continuous, or joined by a sinu- ated callosity. Operculum orbicular, testaceous, closely spired, rather concave outwardly, edge of the whorls sometimes raised into an incurved lamina. In this division of the Lamarckian genus Cyclostoma there are two well-marked groups, each numbering about a dozen species. largest and most conspicuously coloured, are uatives of the woods of New Granada, West Columbia, Bolivia and Brazil. The shell is elegantly convoluted in a very dis- coid manner, largely openly umbilicated, and enveloped with a very characteristic epiderniis ef a rich burnt-brown, banded with olive-green cotour. The species of the second group are uatives of Jamaica, of rather smaller size and stouter growth, chiefly of a rose-brown hue, more or less pliately wrinkled. Half-a-dozen species from India and China, and the same number from the Philippine Islands, together with four from New Guinea, two from Bombay, and one from the Lao Mountains, have been referred to Cyclotus, but they ave much smaller than the Cyclodi of the Western Hemisphere, and of quite a different typical character. We have a small species of Cyclotus from Mauritius, and one also from Natal. Species 1. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CYCLOTUS GRANULATUS. depresse orbiculari, fulvd, roseo-brunneo spiraliter Cycl. testd modicé umbilicatd, latifasciatd, anfractibus subangustis, superne depressis, undique corrugato-granatis. THE GRANULATED CycLorus. Shell moderately umbili- cated, depressly orbicular, fulvous, spirally broadly banded with rose-brown, whorls rather narrow, de- pressed at the upper part, everywhere wrinkle-grained. Currry, MS. in Mus. Cumir Hab. Jamaica. 12. The species of the first of these, the | The last whorl of this species is not excavately angled and ridged around the umbilicus as in its nearest ally C. Jamaicensis. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CYCLoTUs SEMINUDUS. Cycl. testd angulatiin excavato- umbilicatd, subdepressd, fuled, roseo-brunneo spiraliter latifasciald, anfractibus undique rugatis, rugis partin obsoletis. THE SEMINUDE CycLortus. Shell angularly excavately umbilicated, slightly depressed, fulvous, encircled with a broad rose-brown band, whorls everywhere wrinkled, wrinkles partially obsolete. Cyclostoma seminudum, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. No. vill. p. 143. Cyclotus Jamaicensis, var., Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. Dr. Pfeiffer formerly considered this a distinct species from C. Jamaicensis. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) CycLotus GIGaNTEUs. Cycl. testd ampliter aperté un- bilicatd, depressd, solidiusculd, ustulato-fusco olivacec- viridi late fasciata et tineld, ad peripheriom fascia angustd Julvd cingulata, anfractibus angustis, ad su- turas plano-impressis, supra concentrice filo-striatis, infra corrugato-striatis. THE GIGANTIC CYCLOTUS. cated, depressed, rather solid, burnt-brown, broadly Shell largely openly umbili- banded and’ stained with olive-green, encircled with a narrow fulvous band at the periphery, whorls nar- row, flatly impressed at the sutures, concentrically thread-striated above, wrinkie-striated below. Cyclostoma giganteum, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 30. Cyclotus giganteus, Gray. Hab. Vanama (in the neighbouring woods). This fine species should be regarded as the type of the genus. December, 1863. CYCLOTUS.—Putate I. Species 4. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CycLorus LAXaTUs. cata, subdiscoided, intense olivaceo-viridi, versus apicem Cycl. testa latissime aperté umbili- ustulato-fuscescente, ad peripheriam anguste fasciatd, anfractibus perangustis, superne dense reticulato-rugatis et malleatis, infra concentrice corrugato-striatis. Tur LoosELy-coiLep Cyciotus. Shell very broadly openly umbilicated, nearly discoid, dark olive-green, burnt-brown towards the apex, narrowly banded at | the periphery, whorls very narrow, densely reticu- lately wrinkled and malleated at the upper part, con- centrically wrinkle-striated below. Cyclostoma laxatum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Supp. p. 159. | pl. 31 a. f. 302. Cyclotus lawatus, Sowerby. Hab. Columbia. Characterized by an unusually discoid growth, and an exquisitely reticulated and malleated sculpture. | | Sy ten eae Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Cycnotus JAMAtcENSIS. Cyl. testa angulatim excavato- umbilicatd, subdepressd, fulod, roseo-brunneo linearé multifasciatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, dense ob- lique striatis, ad suturas plicato-malleatis. Tue Jamatca Cyctorus. Shell angularly excavately umbilicated, slightly depressed, fulvous, nearly many-banded with rose-brown, whorls slopingly con- vex, densely obliquely striated, plicately malleated at the sutures. Turbo Jamaicensis, Chemnitz, vol. i. p. 277. pl. 209. f. 2057. Cyclostoma Jamaicense, Gray. Cyclotus lineatus, Gray. TIab. Jamaica. An extremely variable species, sometimes smooth, often more or less wrinkled. Cycl tans PLM. Ja 39.b. 10 a Sowerby, del et lith. 7 7 < Vincent Brooks lrnp CHECAnROVE UES: Puate II. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming. oO ho} fo) CycLotus suGosus. Cycl. testd aperté umbilicatd, de- pressa, sub epidermide fulvd alba, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, subangustis, concentrice filoso-liratis, ru- diter nodoso-corrugatis, rugis infra oblique continuis. Tue ruGGED CycLorus. Shell openly wnbilicated, de- pressed, white, beneath a fulvous epidermis, whorls four to five, rather narrow, concentrically thread- ridged, rudely nodosely wrinkled, wrinkles obliquely continuous beneath. Cyclostoma jugosum, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. n. 8. p- 143. Cyclotus jugosus, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. A bright fulvous shell, peculiarly strongly nodosely wrinkled, the wrinkles falling at the base into oblique fur- rows. Species 7. (Tig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CYCLOTUS PALLESCENS. umbilicatd, subdepressd, solidiusculd, ustulato-fuled, Cycl. testa angulale excavato- versus apicem rosacea, anfractibus quingue, prope su- turam planatis, ad basin angulatis, concentrice filoso- striatis, oblique validé rude corrugatis. THE PaLE CycLotts. lieated, moderately depressed, rather solid, burnt-ful- Shell angularly excavately umbi- vous, tinged with rose towards the apex, whorls five, flattened next the suture, angled at the base, concentrically thread-striated, rudely wrinkled. Cyclostoma pallescens, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. n. 8. p- 143. Tab. Jamaica. obliquely — strongly Of a peculiar burnt-fulvous colour, tinged with rose a the apex. The sculpture consists mainly of coarse oblique wrinkles. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) JYCLOTUS INCOMPTUs. licatd, depressd, subdiscoided, sub epidermide fusca Cycl. testd ampliler aperté unbi- corned decidud albd, ad peripheriam saturate fasciatd, anfractibus concentrice rude striatis, ultimo superne ad— aperturam dilatato-alato. The rouGH Cyciorus. Shell largely openly umbili- cated, depressed, somewhat discoid, white, beneath a deciduous brown horny epidermis, darkly banded at the periphery, whorls concentrically rudely striated, the last dilately winged at the upper part of the aperture. Cyclostoma incomptum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 160. pl. 31. f. 298, 299. Pterocyclos incomptus, Pfeiffer. Cyclotus incomptus, Pfeiffer. Hab. Brazil. This fine species possesses a modification of the sinuated wing-like development of Péerocyclos. Species 9. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CycLotus Dunkert. Cyel. testd subprofunde umbili- catd, conico-depressd, fulvescente-fusca, infra periphe- riam saturate late fasciatd, anfractibus ad suturas con- cavo-impressis, striis elevatis undique dense concentrice Suniculatis. DunkeER’s CYCLOTUs. conically depressed, fulvous-brown, broadly dark- banded below the periphery, whorls concavely im- pressed at the sutures, concentrically densely corded Shell rather deeply umbilicated, throughout with raised striz. Prerrrer, Malak. Blatt. 1856, p. 256. Hab. New Granada. A beautifully-sculptured shell, of a bright fulvous-brown colour, rather broadly dark-banded below the periphery. Species 10. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) 5 Cycnotus Inca. Cyel. testd subprofunde umbilicatd, subdepressd, viride olivacec-virente, ad peripheriam Sulvescente, deinde saturatd, anfractibus ad suturas impresso-concaris, undique concentrice filoso-striatis. Tue Inca Cyciotus. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, moderately depressed, bright olive-green, yellow at the periphery, then darker, whorls impressly concave at the sutures, concentrically thread-striated through- out. Cyclostoma Inca, D’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. Mérid. p. 361. pl. 16. f. 21 to 23. Cyclotus Inca, Gray. Ifab. Bolivia; La Guayra. Chiefly recognizable by its bright olive-green banded colouring. August, 18638. | ie: eta e. : es igi ( a iinepiiedinea j ee if (hy oy a fia: ae vi. 2 rite ao ate pain Leh St: eo as * cae a vy ae 7 et seh dhinll sg 4 < rms Sill HF , eer, sri ipy ‘i e aaa Ras ae hee = ; ; ; ] panel % ied a aN phe Se Kijak erage! OUD fa Rr Pind vee ic * .) on ™ MAN ACR "gpl Seale Dott we “lei yor, Dydd ai Te o nee van ape > poe » feuee wt shin A aypariey Yeates ieee Pra) | : hailey Nee) ue ta* ae ; (ray aay au Yo: jd te a Eaik Aan giidde-dent ey 2s 7 ene a ‘ if . e ‘ > is Tp 7 7 wee s Pa) 1 7 7 * (Ae mind ae | Fi ee bey ay i F a hy oA Say ‘a PN Ig Te halifep eg ery nts Maes Wedh 6p (tN salam A ) WPeierain:: : ie ny on “pat at = me fal 7” SWAN is Gavin hel SN ae, iiss, sk tind oe 7 r a) a8 all a YiAwis GHD i EST ey, AOS can a et H wey) jee fo 4 a Cyelotus Pt. LH. 156 CGC EO US: Prats III. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CYCLOTUS CORRUGATUS. umbilicatd, subdepressd, solidd, fulvo-fuscescente, an- Sractibus validissime undulato-corrugatis, ad basin angulatis et crasse marginatis. THE WRINKLED Cyctorus. Shell angularly excavately unbilicated, slightly depressed, solid, fulvous-brown, whorls very strongly undulately wrinkled, angled and thickly margined at the base. Cyclostoma corrugatum, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 30. Cyclotus corrugatus, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. Cycl. testd angulate excavato- The wrinkled sculpture in this species has a conspicuous waved character, varying, however, very much in strength. Fig. 12. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Cyctotus vartans. For description of this extremely variable species see Plate VII., where a more characteris- tic specimen of it is figured. Species 13. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CycLorus cincuLatus. Cycl. testa modice profunde um- bilicatd, subdepressd, ustulaté olivaceo-fuscd, ad pe- ripheriam saturate fasciatd, anfractibus ad suturas concavo-impressis, deinde declivi-convexis, concentrice Jiloso-striatis, oblique reticulato-incisis. Tue GirpLep Cyctorus. Shell moderately deeply um- bilicated, rather depressed, burnt olive-brown, dark- banded at the periphery, whorls concavely impressed at the sutures, then slopingly convex, concentrically _ thread-striated, obliquely reticulately engraved. Cyctostoma cingulatum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. part ix. p. 93. pl. 29. f. 213, 214. Cyclotus cingulatus, Gray. Hab. New Granada. This beautiful species is distinguished by a sloping convexity of the whorls, which are sculptured by a loose oblique network of superficially-engraved grooves. Species 14. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CycLoTus QUITENSIS. modice depressd, vivide fulvescente-castaned, versus Cycl. testa subaperte umbilicata, apicem rosaced, ad peripheriam pallide fasciatd, an- Jractibus ad suturas concavo-impressis, concentricé rude striatis, striis subtus validis. THE Qurro CycLorus. Shell rather openly umbilicated, moderately depressed, bright fulvous-chestnut, rose towards the apex, faintly banded at the periphery, whorls concavely impressed at the sutures, concen- trically rudely striated, strize strong beneath. Cyclostoma Quitense, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Cyclotus Quitensis, Pfeitfer. Hab. Quito. A shell of rather solid growth, pink about the apex, with the strize much increasing in strength towards the umbilicus. Species 15. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CycLotus crassus. Cycl. testd angulate excavato-um- bilicatd, crassd, sordide fusca, anfractibus declivi-con- veais, superne rude corrugatd et malleatd. THE THICK CycLotus. bilicated, thick, dull-brown, whorls slopingly convex, rudely wrinkled and malleated at the upper part. Cyclostoma crassum, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. n. viii. p. 143. Hab. Jamaica. Shell angularly excavately um- A small species, possessing the typical character of the wrinkled Jamaica forms obscurely developed. August, 1863. in ot ee Shoes DAS & oe (indies tik Bi ROTM of flan a ae rae baapbylom % 4s iG globin te Hise yan ia tale oh Wi elt Tepe ui por Patra Sougihee on te TP a at Giak ; feet iy, : silat Tacegee iY, moe a Due iat Ly Fa yl fe ai cao Als, Pe) 1 re ey ae el - ee by) A past e hal ro , Pe te ae » ay, #4 eR Wet Mahe. , : te | i ~~ ix . FO es Tosa. 1 : J eet ae he ae a coke a) eek a aan ee ssnspitiar 7 uray ea Signy 7 ae yeh ‘ ; ap Bee aie ; i Meee ca ioe sare? Sy art Wik Pe tf igh sate) nae ’ i 7 : Bei 041) xr gan 4 aie pe gt 4 ty Pes Yeadon ei apelin i ales a, “4 a 7 7 . sd ae Fe | iu i — cates ve, ats iy ds oh * P eaRe ui yer lh, Dei aay & ony i 129) qa ee ees a bits “Se pRsnigllantsyeatent sate Hg > ‘Sehiget ; eg eR Di Fabel thlag Jom Re viigal engi hy ney: suse Janata ee ey oF nals net A yore HR, a a Nghe PR & om : “ A Ra en paying ah ve “a bby t ¢ on, We te) . oe MAG PNSO, .rrasiuhea) ec ot west, ar f 6. lly st Ok hy rik wir! oe ee - : j ia { ee Fi tous At ee . ma ane “a ai ai Mi a ja ee partly nk : : “ ® aw P J WT ised es A , <3 1 Sl oa aeshre et, hie fF er a eT 7 + way i ear oe a cays ae ma es IAS & t seat laGe: La ee Wh. i 2 lt Sat oy ew As ra tol oop) ve : ee ash i We ee Spent . 7 A ; Z a fal et wae aplvlti nlf), at bebe Pee sary = oe ro sip stb at ahi mar * Sr hel a yeh dsqe OY [ *t tie news me Rnb apie d thy taba: i. a : ¥ = sii oe Vp pica a” a) ¥ ie 7 To ae mY hialll > ey af 3% A SC eee to A ou “r i lum, [ = PO. teh (4h vs wh) Pons 7 ; bed ; mL A ah : bk ke )¢ ali " ” ft ee hoger. eRe ami at sun 7 - 7 j @ ne — a Boe hy Pippen wily ar | 6? 7 any + a ae x an 7 a ‘pater “f oP) | lier age et A oe aig re ye VAw a rt him ny bo is}, ; 7 a . i f a ao vs J qrtthpal ft) )s= ah hi ol a0 4 f yt abip? iv paren cx a ee ae Ws ph ny mo {5 t ae Po “a OE Gowns Ma id} Z) 7 naa 4; lt | 4 7 | oa a rye ove + sQ04) l aly yon cety ‘AY - 74 arr a ort ae ir act ek ad Ves - er as 2 SHAT les apslends § as walt > > i ae 7S - Cn a - : eae MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CHONDROPOMA. “T would not for a world of gold That Nature’s lovely face should tire : Fountain of blessings yet untold ; Pure source of intellectual fire !’— Bloomfield. MEAD ADU aii iis x p ean: i (en ow a) 7 il _ ia | | 7 : «eee 5 .Y 4 § - a _ = : ; ye Chondropoma PLL. Shghtly Enlarged. Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Brooks, Imp CHONDER OP:OM A. Prate I. Genus CHONDROPOMA, Pfeiffer. Testa oblongo-turrita, rarius globoso-turbinata, plerumgue dense filo-lirata vel reticulata, ad suturas crenulata ; apertura parviuscula, ovalis, labro nunc simplici vel expanso, nunc fimbriato. Operculum ovale, subcarti- lagineum, planum, anfractibus pancis, rapide accres- centibus, nucleo plerumque valde excentrico. Shell oblong-turreted, rarely globosely turbinated, gene- rally densely thread-ridged or reticulated, and crenu- lated at the sutures ; aperture rather small, oval, with the lip sometimes simple or expanded, sometimes fimbriated. Opereulum oval, somewhat cartilaginous, flat, whorls few, increasing rapidly, nucleus mostly far removed from the centre. This genus, in which I include Cistw/a of Gray, and of Pfeiffer’s monograph, is characterized by the operculum being of a flat cartilaginous substance, of a few rapidly increasing whorls, with the nucleus removed from the centre. It comprises about ninety species, all inhabiting the islands of the West Indies and the adjacent lands of Venezuela, Guatemala, and Florida; but the Continental species are comparatively few in number. The shells are, for the most part, characterized by a remarkable similarity of form and sculpture, oblong-turreted, densely crowded with raised thread-like striz or ridges, which in some spe- cies run longitudinally only, in others both longitudinally and transversely, producing a more or less elaborately woven reticulation. The aperture of the shell is generally small, circularly ovate, and fimbriated, and when the frill is au- ricled at the upper part, which is not unfrequently the case, the auricles are deposited within the suture, as the whorl advances in growth, in- tooth-like crenules. few species the longitudinal strize assume the form of In a erect lamella or membranaceous threads, and they are often rendered scabrous by decussating incised strive. The colouring of the shells is mostly fulvous, variously banded, streaked, or freckled with reddish brown. Species 1. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA MAGNIFICA. Chond. testa ovato-conicd, subcylindraced, plus minus umbilicatd, diaphano-albda, strigis vittisque rufescente-fuscis cingulatd, anfractibus tumido-convewis, dense longitudinaliter filo-liratis, liris i | diaphanis ; apertura ovata, labro late fimbriato-reflexo, fusco lineari-radiato. THE MAGNIFICENT CHONDROPOMA. Shell ovately conical, subcylindrical, more or less umbilicated, diaphanous white, encircled with red-brown streaks and fillets, whorls tumidly convex, densely longitudinally thread- ridged, ridges diaphanous ; aperture ovate, lip broadly fimbriately reflected, lineally rayed with brown. Cyciostoma magnificum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 142. pl. 18. f. 3. Chondropoma imagnificum, Pfeiffer. Chondropoma Gutierrezi, Poey. Hab. Island of Haiti, West Indies; Sallé. Of a delicate diaphanous white, finely stringed through- out with thread-like ridges of similarly diaphanous sub- stance, the whorls being encircled with red-brown fillets and bands of streaks, conspicuously rayed in the aperture. Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA WEINLANDI. Chond. testd viv umbili- cata, elongato-cylindraced, albida vel rufescente-au- rantid, castaneo-fusco varié strigatd, fasciatd, vel punctatd, anfractibus modicé convewis, ereberrime pli- cato-striatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, parvd, superne carinatd, subsolutd, labro simplict, continuo. WEINLAND’s CHONDROPOMA. cated, elongately cylindrical, white or reddish orange, Shell scarcely umbili- variously streaked, banded or dotted with chestnut- brown, whorls moderately convex, very closely pli- cately striated; aperture obliquely ovate, small, keeled at the upper part, a little detached, lip simple, continuous. PFEIFFER, Malak. Blat. 1862. Chondropoma semilabre, Pfeiffer (not Cyclostoma semi- labre, Lamarck). Hab. Island of Haiti, West Indies; Sallé. Extremely variable in painting, but constant in form ; a somewhat elongately cylindrical form, with a small semi- detached aperture. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA EGREGIUM. Chond. testa coarctaté umbi- licatd, ovato-conicd, sericeo-aurantid, rufescente-fusco January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Ptuate I. obscure punctato-fasciatd et prope apicem strigatd, anfractibus convexis, dense minuté reticulatis ; aper- lura oblique ovata, latissime fimbriata. Tue cHOoIcE CyonpRopoMa. Shell contractedly umbi- licated, ovately conical, silky orange, obscurely dot- banded with red-brown, and near the apex streaked, whorls convex, densely minutely reticulated; aper- ture obliquely ovate, very broadly fimbriated. Cyclostoma egregium, Gandlach, in Poey, Mém. vol. ii. p. 13: plLdleeoLs: Chondropoma egregium, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba; Gundlach. The specimen of this beautiful species here figured is a Dr. Pfeiffer describes a dark violet variety, and there are probably many others. bright silky orange colour. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SHUTTLEWORTHI. Chond. testé clause umbilicatd, tumido-conicd, subcylindraced, fulvd, dia- phand, rufescente-fusco interrupte taniatd, pone la- brum radiata, anfractibus rudé convexis, spiraliter filo-striatis, versus apicem minute reticulatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, subsolutd, latissime fimbriatd, fimbria fusco-radiata. SHUTTLEWoRTH’s CHonpRopoma. Shell with closed umbilicus, tumidly conical, subcylindrical, fulvous, diaphanous, interruptedly filleted with red-brown, rayed behind the lip, whorls rudely convex, spirally thread-striated, minutely reticulated towards the apex; aperture obliquely ovate, slightly detached, very broadly fimbriated, frill rayed with brown. Cyclostoma Shuttleworthi, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 246. Chondropoma Shuttleworthi, Pfeiffer. Cyclostoma verecundum, Poey. Chondropoma verecundum, Pfeiffer. Hab, Cuba. This is a very thin semitransparent shell, finely decus- | sately sculptured, but the longitudinal sculpture soon dis- WEINTAND. Mala Blat 1862 | Hab. Island of Haiti; Weinland. appears, leaving the spiral sculpture well defined through- out. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PICTUM. Chond. testé compressé umbili- cata, oblongo-conicd, parum cylindraced, fulvo-albida, diaphand, punctis ustulato-fuscis promiscué strigata, interdum nigro-violaced, labro aurantio, anfractibus subtumido-conveais, liris tenuibus spiraliter confertim Suniculatis ; aperturd oblique ovata, labro subincras- sato, continuo. THE PAINTED CHONDROPOMA. Shell compressly um- bilicated, oblong conical, but little cylindrical, ful- vous-white, diaphanous, promiscuously streaked with burnt-brown dots, sometimes dark violet, with the lip orange, whorls rather tumidly convex, closely spirally corded with fine ridges; aperture obliquely ovate, lip rather thick, continuous. Cyclostoma pictum, Pfeiffer, Wiegm. Arch. fiir Nat. 1839, vol. i. p. 356. Cyclostoma Sagra, D’Orbigny. Cyclostoma Mahogani, Gould. Chondropoma pictum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. Very definitely and regularly corded throughout, with fine ridges, the interstices between which are not reticu- lated, but striately punctured. This species has been sometimes mistaken for C. Weinlandi, in which the ridged sculpture runs in the opposite direction. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonpropoma Hasricuit. bilicatd, ovato-conicd, diaphano-alba, ferrugineo tinctd, Chond. testa compresse um- Jusco sparsim punctato-fasciata, anfractibus subrotun- datis, longitudinaliter filo-liratis, liris creberrimis, subfimbriatis ; apertura oblique ovata, labro late cal- loso-expanso. Haxicun’s CHoNDROPOMA. cated, ovately conical, diaphanous white, tinged with rust, sparsely dot-banded with brown, whorls rather rounded, longitudinally thread-ridged, ridges very close set, slightly fimbriated; aperture obliquely Shell compressly umbili- ovate, lip broadly callously expanded. Sculptured with close-set longitudinal thread-strize of semi-diaphanous substance, like C. magnificum, a little | fimbriately waved. = - _ Chondroepoma 1M. Slightly Enlarged Sowerby del .et ith: = Sowerby,del.etlith Vincent Broaks, imp CHONDROPOMA. Puate IT. Species 7. (Fig. 7, 9, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA TENEBROSUM. COhond. testdé modicé um- bilicatd, ovato-turritd, ferrugined vel purpureo-fuscd, obscuré punctato-fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, dense scabrosé lirato-reticulatis ; apertura circulari, latis- sime fimbriata. THE DARK CHonpRopoma. Shell moderately umbili- eated, ovately turreted, rust or purple-brown, ob- scurely dot-banded, whorls rounded, densely sca- brously ridge-reticulated ; aperture circular, very broadly fimbriated. Cyclostoma tenebrosum, Morelet, Test. Noviss. p. 23. Chondropoma tenebrosum, Pfeiffer. Cyclostoma claudicans, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. The surface of this species is quite scabrous, with a crowded reticulation of thin sharp lamella-like ridges. The specimen represented at Fig. 9 is the type of C. clau- dicans. Species 8. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA IkRADIANS. Chond. testé compresse um- bilicatd, acuminato-turritd, diaphano-albd, maculis quadratis rufescente-fuscis, guadrifasciatd, anfractibus convexis, minute scabroso-reticulatis ; apertura pared, subcirculari, labro latissimé fimbriato, conspicué ra- diato. THE SHINING CHoNDROPoMA. Shell compressly umbi- licated, acuminately turreted, diaphanous-white, en- circled with four bands of square red-brown spots, whorls convex, minutely scabrously reticulated ; aper- ture small, nearly circular, lip very broadly fimbri- ated, conspicuously rayed. Cyclostoma irradians, Shuttleworth, MS. ; Pfeiffer, Monog. Pneum. vol. 1. p. 294. Chondropoma irradians, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. A beautifully reticulated shell, of delicate subdiaphanous substance, in which the red-brown bands are mostly broken up into square spots. Species 10. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ‘HONDROPOMA SALLEANUM. Chond. testd@ compressé umbilicatd, acuminato-turritd, tenuiculd, alba vel pal- lidé aurantid, castaneo-fusco lentiginesd et fasciata anfractibus declivi-rotundatis, densé lirato-reticulatis, liris ad suturas plicato-auriculatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, subsolutd, superne carinatd, labro tenué reflexo. SALLE’s CHONDROPOMA. Shell compressly umbilicated, acuminately turreted, rather thin, white or pale orange, freckled and banded with chestnut-brown, whorls slopingly rounded, densely ridge-reticulated, ridges plicately auriculated at the sutures; aperture ob- liquely ovate, a little detached, keeled at the upper part, lip thinly reflected. Cyclostoma Salleanum, Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fir Malac. 1850, p- 78. Chondropoma Salleanum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Haiti. A shell of very delicate substance, very elegantly tur- reted in a sloping manner. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA LATILABRE. Chond. testa late umbili- cata, globoso-turbinatd, diaphano-albd, maculis quad- ratis ferrugineo-fuscis fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, confertim longitudinaliter filo-striatis ; apertura cir- culari, fauce livido-purpured, labro laté expanso, albo. THE BROAD-LIP CHonpRropoma. Shell broadly umbi- licated, globosely turbimated, diaphanous-white, en- circled with bands of square rust-brown spots, whorls rounded, closely longitudinally thread-striated ; aper- ture circular, interior livid-purple, lip broadly ex- panded, white. Cyclostoma latilabris, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, vol. 1. p. 225. pl. 21. f. 12. Choanapoma latilabre, Gray. Chondropoma latilabre, Pteiffer. Hab. Cuba. Distinguished by the tubular form of the whorls and by their globose manner of turbination, leaving a large central umbilicus. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA GLABRATUM. Chond. testa imperforata, oblongo-cylindraced, fulvescente, castaneo-fusco fasciata et vittatd, anfractibus tumido-convewis, liris tenuibus January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Puate II. glabris spiraliter funiculatis ; apertura oblique ovata, labro simplici. THE smMootH Cuonproroma. Shell imperforate, oblong- cylindrical, fulvous, banded and filleted with chest- nut-brown, whorls tumidly convex, spirally corded with fine smooth ridges; aperture obliquely ovate, lip simple. WEINLAND, Malak. Blat. 1862. Hab. Bahamas. Of a rather tumid oblong form, encircled throughout with fine smooth cord-like ridges. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA VIOLACEUM. Chond. testd compressé um- bilicatd, ovato-turritd, violaced vel ferrugineo-tinctd, fusco obscure strigatd, anfractibus convevis, densissime scabroso-reticulatis; apertura ovatd, parviusculd, labro scabroso-reflexo, albo. THE vioLpt CHonpROPOoMA. Shell compressly umbili- cated, ovately turreted, violet or rust-tinged, ob- scurely streaked with brown, whorls convex, very densely scabrously reticulated; aperture ovate, rather small, lip scabrously reflected, white. Cyclostoma violaceum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 245. Tudora violacea, Pfeiffer. Cistula violacea, Adams. Chondropoma violaceum, Pteifter. Hab. Cuba. The surface of this species is remarkably closely reticu- lated with erect lamella-like strie. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA ME@STUM. licatd, cylindraceo-ovatd, diaphano-alba, inter liras rufo-fusco articulata, anfractibus tumido-convevis, liris confertis funiculatis ; aperturd oblique ovata, superne subcarinatd, labro parum reflexo. Tuer sad Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly umbilicated, cylindrically ovate, diaphanous-white, articulated with red-brown between the ridges, whorls tumidly con- vex, corded with close-set ridges ; aperture obliquely ovate, slightly keeled at the top, lip but little re- flected. Cyclostoma mastum, Shuttleworth, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blat. 1854, p. 97. Cyclostoma Poeyanum, Pfeiffer (not of D’Orbigny). Chondropoma Poeyanum, Pfeiffer. Cyclostoma Hellenicum, Gray. Cyclostoma Charpentieri, Shuttleworth. Chondropoma mestum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. Well distinguished by the colouring being in the inter- Chond. testa compressé umbi- stices between the corded ridges. Chondropoma PULL. ZA 16-b, Slightly Enlarged. Sawerby,detiet tth CON DR. OLE Or MeAy. Puate ill. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) | CHonpRropoMa Poryanum. Chond. testé compresse um- bilicatd, oblongo-cylindraced, solidiusculd, albidd, an- | fractibus convexis, spiraliter confertim filo-liratis ; apertura oblique ovata, superne subcarinatd, labro pa- rum reflexo. Pory’s Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly umbilicated, oblong cylindrical, rather solid, whitish, whorls con- vex, spirally closely thread-ridged ; aperture obliquely ovate, shghtly keeled at the upper part, lip but little reflected. Cyclostoma Poeyanum, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cub. p. 264. pl. 22. f. 24 to 27. Chondropoma Poeyanum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. A simple uncoloured corded shell, supposed at one time to be the Turbo elongatus of Wood. Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Cuonpropoma NerwcomBianum. Chond. testd com- presse umbilicatd, subacuminato-turritd, fulvescente, purpureo-castaneo varie punctato-fasciatd et lentigi- nosi, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter dense Jilo-striatis et hic illie plicatis, plicis ad suturas au- riceulatis; apertura pared, fere circulari, dissolutd, superne carinatd, lahro simplici. Newcoms’s Cuonpropoma. cated, rather acuminately turreted, fulvous, variously dot-banded and freckled with purple chestnut, whorls rounded, longitudinally densely thread-striated, and here and there plicated, plaits auriculated at the sutures; aperture small, nearly circular, detached, keeled at the upper part, lip simple. Cyclostoma Newcombianum, Adams. Cyclostoma Troscheli, Pfeiffer. Cyclostoma Swiftianum, Newcomb. Chondropoma Newcombianum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. Shell compressly umbili- An elegantly-turreted prettily-freckled shell, which, in addition to the close-set thread-like striw, is sculptured with occasional plaits, which appear as crenules in the sutures. CHONDROPOMA JUCUNDUM. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Chond. testa conpressée um- bilicatd, ovato-turritd, rubicundo-aurantid, tenui, semi- pellucida, anfractibus rotundatis, striis filiformibus, in suturas hic illic auriculatis, confertim reticulatis ; apertura oblique ovata, labro sublate reflexo. THE PLEASANT CHONDROPOMA. bilicated, ovately twreted, ruddy orange, thin, semi- transparent, whorls rounded, closely reticulated with thread-like striz, here and there auriculated in the sutures ; aperture obliquely ovate, lip rather broadly reflected. Cyclostoma jucundum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852, p- 66. Ilab. P Shell compressly um- An extremely delicate transparent shell, of a peculiar ruddy orange, closely reticulated throughout. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA HEMIOTUM. Chond. testd cOmpresse Uin- bilicatd, oblongo-turrita, albidd, fusco minute punctu- latd, ad basin fasciatd, anfractibus convewis, striis Jiliformibus ad suturas auriculatis, confertim decus- satis, quarum spiralibus fere obsoletis ; apertura ob- lique ovatd, subsolutd, superné carinatd, labro subre- Jlevo. Tug porrep CHonpropoma. Shell compressly umbili- cated, oblong turreted, whitish, minutely dotted with brown, banded at the base, whorls convex, closely decussated with thread-like strice, auriculated at the sutures, of which the spiral are nearly obsolete ; aperture obliquely ovate, a little detached, keeled at the upper part, lip slightly reflected. Prrirrer, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 148. Hab. Island of Haiti; Sallé. In this species, encircled by a chestnut band, which is only seen in the last whorl, the spiral strize of the decus- sating sculpture are nearly obsolete. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA BLAUNERT. bilicatd, ovato-turritd, tenuiculd, violaceo-fused, slrigis undulatis fasctisque castaneis obscure pictd, anfracti- Chond. tesid compresse um- January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Ptate III. bus declivi-convexis, longitudinaliter minute filo-striatis, striis ad suturas auriculatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, superne carinatd, labro vie reflexo. BLAUNER’s Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly umbili- cated, ovately turreted, rather thin, violet-brown, ob- searely marked with chestnut-browa waved streaks and bands, whorls slopingly convex, minutely longi- tudinally thread-striated, strize auriculated at the su- tures; aperture obliquely ovate, keeled at the upper part, lip scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma Blauneri, Shuttleworth, Diag. Moll. No. 7. p- 151. Hab. Island of Porto Rico. Of a peculiar swarthy violet-brown, obscurely painted with chestnut neatly-waved streaks and bands. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PLICATULUM. subacuminato-turritd, diaphano-albd, cas- interrupte strigatd et fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter dense filo-liratis ; aper- turd oblique circulari, subsolutd, superné carinatd, labro vix reflexo. FINELY-PLAITED CHONDROPOMA. Shell com- pressly umbilicated, rather acuminately turreted, dia- phanous-white, interruptedly streaked and banded with chestnut-brown, whorls rounded, longitudinally densely thread-ridged ; aperture obliquely circular, a little detached, keeled at the upper part, lip scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma plicatulum, Pfeifer, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1846, p- 48. Chondropoma plicatulum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Venezuela. Chond. testé compresse umbilicatd, tanco-fusco THE Rather more slenderly tubularly turreted than any of the previous species, painted with chestnut bands and streaks in a very characteristic interrupted manner. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA Swirl. Chond. testd compresse umbili- catd, ovato-conicd, albidd, rufo-fusco copiose punctato- Jasciatd, anfractibus convewis, longitudinaliter dense filo-liratis, liris ad suturas hie illic auriculatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, superué carinatd, labro tenui, via reflexo. Swirt’s Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly umbilicated, ovately conical, whitish, copiously dot-banded with red-brown, whorls convex, longitudinally closely thread-ridged, ridges here and there auriculated at the sutures; aperture obliquely ovate, keeled at the upper part, lip thin, scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma Swifti, Shuttleworth, Diag. Moll. n. 7. p. 151. Hab. Porto Rico; Swift. A thin semidiaphanous shell, copiously encircled with bands of pale red-brown dots. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA OPTONIS. licatd, ovato-conicd, sordidé alba, subdiaphand, pallide fuscescente obscure fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, minute scabroso-decussatis ; apertura parviusculd, ro- tundatd, late fimbriata. Orro’s CuHonpRopoma. Shell compressly umbilicated, ovately conical, dull-white, subdiaphanous, faintly banded with light-brown, whorls rounded, minutely Chond. testé compresse umbi- scabrously decussated; aperture rather small, rounded, broadly fimbriated. Cyclostoma Ottonis, Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fir Malak. 1846, p- 45. Chondropoma Ottonis, Pfeiffer. Cyclostoma petricosum, Morelct. Hab. Cuba. A dull obscurely-banded shell, of scabrous surface, the whorls being rather tubular. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA OBESUM. Chond. testd compresse umbi- licatd, oblongo-conied, fulvo-luted vel rubicundd, an- JSractibus rotundatis, liris filiformibus cingulatis, liris striis minutis scabrosis longitudinaliter decussatis ; apertura parva, oblique ovata, labro simplici. THE sTouUT CHONDROPOMA. cated, oblong-conical, fulvous yellow or ruddy, whorls rounded, encircled with thread-like ridges, ridges crossed longitudinally by minute scabrous striz; aper- ture small, obliquely ovate, lip simple. Truncatella obesa, Menke, Syn. ed. 2. p. 137. Cyclostoma obesum, Pfeiffer. Chondropoma obesum, Pfeiffer. TTab, Cuba. A very delicate ruddy fulvous shell, most exquisitely sculptured with minute scabrous striz. Shell compressly umbili- Chondrqpoma PLL a a) Ws a 25.6. a } Cs 26, Slightly Enlarged Ancent Brooks, imp Sowerby, delet lith. CHONDROPOMA. Priate TV. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonpRopoma Corpovanum. Chond. testd compresse umbilicatd, turritd, pallide fulvd, fasciis castaneis interruptis longitudinalibus tinctd, anfractibus rotun- datis, dens? longitudinaliter filo-striatis ; apertura circulari, parviusculd, labro scabroso-fimbriato. Tur Corpova Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly um- bilicated, turreted, pale fulvous, stained with inter- rupted longitudinal chestnut bands, whorls rounded, densely longitudinally thread-striated ; aperture cir- cular, rather small, lip seabrously fimbriated. Prrirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1856, p- 323. Hab. Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Sallé. A rather slenderly turreted species, imperfectly marked with interrupted longitudinal chestnut bands. Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA INTEGRUM. Chond. testd compress um- bilicatd, turritd, fulvd, lineis Suscis longitudinaliter undulatis notaté, ad basin latifasciatd, anfractibus convexis, densé decussatim filatis, ad suturas crenatis ; apertura circulari, parviusculd, labro fimbriato. THE ENTIRE CHoNDROPoMA. Shell compressly umbili- cated, turreted, fulvous, marked with brown longitu- dinally waved lines, broad-banded at the base, whorls convex, closely decussately threaded, crenated at the sutures ; aperture circular, rather small, lip fimbyri- ated. Cyclostoma integrum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 247. Chondropoma integrum, Pfeiffer. Hab. West Indies. Very prettily painted throughout with delicate longitu- dinal brown lines, waved with great regularity. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA LITTURATUM. Chond. testd compressé umbilicatd, cylindraceo-turritd, albidd, purpureo pune- tato-fasciata et lentiginosd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, undique reticulato-granosis, ad suturas crenatis 3 aper- turd oblique ovatd, parva, dissolutd, labro simplici, via reflexo. Tur BLorrep Cuonpropvoma. Shell compressly umbi- licated, cylindrically turreted, whitish, dot-banded and freckled with purple, whorls slopingly convex, reticulately grained throughout, crenated at the su- tures ; aperture obliquely ovate, small, detached, lip simple, scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma litturatum, Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1850, Demise Chondropoma litturatum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Haiti; Sallé. The sculpture of this species is a fine thimble-like grain, the colour a copious sprinkling of minute purple dots, dis- posed at the sutures in small flames and at the base in a band. Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA DIssoLUTUM. Chond. testa compressé um- bilicatd, fulvd, turritd, lineis Serrugineis longitudina- liter undulata, ad basin fasciatd, anfractibus declivi- convewis, longitudinaliter dense filo-striatis ; aperturd circulari, dissolutd, superné carinatd, modicé Jim- briata. THE DETACHED CHonpRopoma. Shell compressly um- bilicated, turreted, fulvous, longitudinally waved with rust-lines, banded at the base, whorls slopingly con- vex, longitudinally densely thread-striated ; aperture circular, detached, keeled at the upper part, mode- rately fimbriated. Prerrrer, Malak. Blat. 1854, p. 158. Hab. Cuba. This species is probably a variety of C. integrum. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA RUDE. Chond. testé compressed umbili- catd, solidiusculd, aurantio-carned, ad apicem rosacea, intus rufo-aurantid, anfractibus declivi-convexis, spira- liter liratis, longitudinaliter dense subtilissimd filo- striatis, subscabrosis; apertura oblique ovaté, disso- lutd, superné carinatd, labro calloso, vix reflexo. THE RUDE CHONDROPOMA. cated, rather solid, orange-flesh, pink at the apex, Shell compressly umbili- reddish-orange within, whorls slopingly convex, spi- rally ridged, longitudinally densely very finely thread- striated, rather scabrous ; aperture obliquely ovate, January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Puate IV. detached, keeled at the upper part, lip callous, scarcely reflected. WEINLAND, Malak. Blat. 1862. TTab. Bahama Islands. Very distinct from any of the preceding species, but It is of rather solid growth and very characteristic in colour—a bright flesh- of precisely the same generic type. orange, without any marking, pink towards the apex, | a “ > | Hab. Cuba. orange-red in the interior. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA ANGUSTATUM. Chond. testé compressé umbilicatd, subanguste turritd, fulvd, maculis lineari- bus purpureo-castaneis fasciatd, anfractibus convexis reticulatim filo-liratis, ad suturas auriculato-crenatis ; apertura parva, oblique circulari, labro subreflexo. THE NARROWED CHonpRopoma. Shell rather narrowly turreted, fulvous, banded with linear blotches of purple-chestnut, whorls convex, reticulately thread- | ridged, auriculately crenated at the sutures; aperture | small, obliquely circular, lip a little reflected. PretrFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 128. Tab. P THE BROUGHT CHonpDROPoMA. Shell compressly umbi- licated, rather narrowly turreted, nearly white, dia- phanous, streaked with brown spots between the ridges, whorls rounded, neatly spirally corded with fine ridges; aperture obliquely ovate, scabrously fimbriated. Cyclostoma perlatum, Gundlach, Malak. Blat. 1857, p. 41. Chondropoma perlatum, Pfeiffer. An extremely delicate shining diaphanous shell, stringed _ transversely with very fine pellucid ridges. The habit of C. angustatum is not known, but there can | be little doubt of its being a West Indian species. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PERLATUM. Chond. testd compresse um- bilicatd, subangusté turritd, margaritaced, diaphand, maculis fuscis inter liras strigatd, anfractibus rotun- | datis, liris tenuibus nitidé spiraliter funiculatis ; aper- turd oblique ovata, scabroso-fimbriata. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonpropoMa TORTOLENSE. umbilicatd, ovato-turritd, albidd, maculis rufo-fuscis inter liras sparsim strigatd, anfractibus rotundatis, ad suturas minute crenulatis, liris tenuibus spiraliter funi- culatis, in interstitiis puncturatis ; apertura oblique Chond. testa compresse ovata, subdissolutd, superné carinata, labro simplici, via reflexo. Tue Tortora CHonpropoms. Shell compressly um- bilicated, ovately turreted, whitish, sparsely streaked with red-brown spots between the ridges, whorls rounded, minutely crenulated at the sutures, spirally corded with fine ridges, punctured in the interstices ; aperture obliquely ovate, a little detached, keeled at the upper part, lip simple, scarcely reflected. | Preirrer, Malak. Blat. 1857, p. 158. Hab. Island of Tortola. The sculpture and marking of this shell is not much unlike that of the preceding, but coarser and more opake. The lip is of quite another character, not being fimbriated. Chondroporna PV é 3S. 36a BED (Shghtly Enlarged ) Vincent Brooks, hmp Sowerby, del. et {ith CHONDROPOMA. PuLatTE V. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA DIAPHANUM. Chond. testd compresse umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, candidd, anfractibus con- vexis, subangustis, pulcherrime reticulatim filo-striatis, ad suturas promiscue crenulatis ; apertura oblique cir- culari, dissolutd, subfimbriatd. THE DIAPHANOUS CHoNDROPOMA. Shell compressly umbilicated, oblong-turreted, white, whorls convex, rather narrow, beautifully reticulately thread-striated, promiscuously crenulated at the sutures; aperture obliquely cireular, detached, slightly fimbriated. Cyclostoma diaphanum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Chondropoma diaphanum, Pfeitter. Hab. P A pure white Scadaria-like shell, exquisitely reticulately sculptured with thread-strie. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonpRropoMa DELATREANUM. Chond. testé compresse umbilicatd, subanguste turritd, fuled, purpureo-cas- taneo strigatd et fasciatd, anfractibus modice convexis, dense reticulatim filo-striatis, ad suturas conspicue crenulatis ; aperturé pared, oblique circulari, labro Jimbriato, radiato. Detatre’s Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly umbili- cated, rather narrowly turreted, fulvous, streaked and banded with purple-chestnut, whorls moderately convex, closely reticulately thread-striated, conspicu- ously crenulated at the sutures; aperture small, ob- liquely circular, lip fimbriated, rayed. Cyclostoma Delatreanum, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cub. p. 262. Chondropoma Delatreanum, Pteitter. Hab. Cuba. A rather narrowly turreted shell, neatly reticulately sculptured and conspicuously cross-banded. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonpropoma Perirranum. Chond. testd compressé umbilicatd, anguste turritd, sericeo-fulvd, pallidée rufo- fusco lentiginosd, anfractibus convexis, dense longitu- dinaliter filo-striatis, striis hie illic partim opaco- | CHONDROPOMA CUMANENSE. albis ; apertura parvd, oblique circulari, labro fim- briato, conspicue radiato. Petit’s CHoNpRoPoMA. Shell compressly umbilicated, narrowly turreted, silky-fulvous, freckled with pale red-brown, whorls convex, densely longitudinally thread-striated, striee here and there partially opake- white ; aperture small, obliquely circular, lip fimbri- ated, conspicuously rayed. Cyclostoma Pelitianum, Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. 1850, p. 78. Chondropoma Petitianum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Island of Haiti; Sallé. fiir Malac. A bright transparent silky fulvous shell, freckled with red-brown, in which the longitudinal thread-striz have a partially opake-white aspect, as seen in some of the Clausilia. Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PFEIFFERIANUM. Chond. testd modice umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, sordidé albidd, rufo-fusco inter liras strigatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, undique spiraliter filo-liratis, versus apicem minute oblique striatis; apertura obliqué ovatd, superné carinatd, labro vix reflexo. PFEIFFER’S CHONDROPOMA. cated, oblong turreted, dull white, streaked between the ridges with red-brown, whorls slopingly convex, spirally thread-ridged throughout, minutely obliquely striated towards the apex ; aperture obliquely ovate, keeled at the upper part, lip scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma Pfeifferianum, Poey, Mem. p. 419. Chondropoma Pfeifferianum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. The longitudinal strie of this species, which are some- what crowded towards the apex, do not cross the spiral ridges, but appear only in the interstices. Shell moderately umbili- Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Chond. testa angusté umbi- licatd, oblongo-turrild, pellucido-fulvd, castaneo inter- rupte strigatd et fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, longitudinaliter densé filo-liratis ; aperturd oblique cir- culari, parva, labro via reflexo. January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Ptare V. Tue Cumana Cuonpropoma. Shell narrowly umbili- cated, oblong-turreted, transparent fulvous, inter- ruptedly streaked and banded with chestnut, whorls slopingly convex, longitudinally densely thread- ridged ; aperture obliquely circular, small, lip scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma Cumanense, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Chondropoma Cumanense, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cumana, Venezuela; Dyson. An extremely pretty species, of bright diaphanous ful- vous substance, richly stained with interrupted bands and streaks of chestnut. Fig. 37. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here figured proves to be a variety, more dis- tinctly coloured, of C. Poeyanum, represented at Plate III. Fig. 15. Species 38. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA DENTATUM. Chond. testé compressé um- bilicatd, fulvd, maculis rufo-fuscis parvis equidistanti- bus, tessellatd, anfractibus convexis, dense granoso-reti- culatis, ad suturas dentato-crenatis ; apertura parvd, oblique circulari, labro fimbriato-reflexo, radiato. THE TOOTHED CHONDROPOMA. Shell compressly umbi- licated, fulvous, tessellated with small equidistant red-brown spots, whorls convex, densely granosely reticulated, dentately crenated at the sutures; aper- ture small, obliquely circular, lip fimbriately reflected, rayed. Cyclostoma dentatum, Say, Philad. Journ. vol. vy. p. 125. Cyclostoma lineolatum, Anton. Cyclostoma Auberianum, D’Orbigny. Cyclostoma lunulatum, Morch. Chondropoma dentatum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba and Florida, United States. The sutural crenulations of this species are unusually prominent, having the appearance of teeth. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA RUFO-PICTUM. Chond. testé vix umbili- cata, ovuto-conicd, subventricosd, fulvd, rufo-castaneo lineari-fasciatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, longitudi- naliter plicato-striatis, striis subdistantibus, irregula- ribus ; apertura oblique ovata, labro parun reflexo. THE RED-PAINTED CHONDROPOMA. bilicated, ovately conical, rather ventricose, fulvous, linearly banded with reddish-chestnut, whorls slo- pingly convex, longitudinally plicately striated, strize rather distant, irregular ; aperture obliquely ovate, lip but little reflected. Gunpuacu, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cuba. A rather ventricose species, in which the longitudinal thread-like strize assume the form of promiscuous rather distant folds. Shell scarcely wn- Chondroporna Pl. V7. s€ 4i yy) Ai (Shghtly Enlarged} Sowerby, del.et ith. Yincent Brooks, Imp CHONDROPOMA. Prate VI. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) CHoONDROPOMA CANDEANUM. Chond. testd vix umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, rufescente-fulvd, anfractibus convexis, validé dense filo-reticulatis ; aperturd obliqué ovatd, labro subfimbriato. Tue CandE CHonpropoma. Shell scarcely umbilicated, oblong-twreted, reddish fulvous, whorls convex, strongly closely thread-reticulated ; aperture obliquely ovate, lip slightly fimbriated. Cyclostoma Candeanum, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, p. 261. pl. 22. f. 15 to 17. Cyclostoma truncatum, Pfeiffer. Cistula truncata, Gray. Cistula Candeana, Pfeiffer. Chondropoma Candeanum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. A rather stout reddish-fulvous shell, with the surface very strongly finely reticulated. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PUNCTICULATUM. Chond. testd compress? umbilicatd, ovato-oblongd, candida, punctis parvis rufo- Suscis tessellatd, anfractibus convewis, nitide dense filo- reticulatis ; apertura parva, obliqué circulari, subdis- solutd, superne carinatd, labro subreflexo. THE FINELY-DoTTED CHonpRopoma. Shell compressly umbilicated, ovately oblong, white, tessellated with small red-brown dots, whorls convex, neatly closely thread-reticulated ; aperture small, obliquely circular, a little detached, keeled at the upper part, lip some- what reflected. Preirrer, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 128. Hub. West Indies. A strongly finely reticulated white shell, tessellated with distant small red-brown dots. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SIMPLEX. Chond. testd minut? compresse umbilicatd, ovato-oblongd, fulvescente-alba, subdia- phand, maculis rufescente-fuscis in seriebus longitudi- nalibus pictd, anfractibus tumido-convewvis, valide dense jilo-reticulatis ; aperturé parva, oblique ovatd, labro simplici. THE simpLp CHonpropoma. Shell minutely compressly umbilicated, ovately oblong, fulvous white, some- what diaphanous, painted with longitudinal rows of red-brown spots, whorls tumidly convex, strongly densely thread-reticulated ; aperture small, obliquely ovate, lip simple. PreiFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Island of Haiti; Sallé. The surface sculpture of this species has a beantifully delicate pearly aspect. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA ABNATUM. Chond. testd minute compress? umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, solidiusculd, sordidé albd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, subtiliter scabroso-reticula- tis, ad suturas canaliculatis et crenulatis ; apertura pared, oblique circulari, labro auriculato-fimbriato. THE ABNATE CHONDROPOMA. Shell minutely compressly umbilicated, oblong-turreted, rather solid, dead-white, whorls slopingly convex, finely scabrously reticulated, channelled and crenulated at the sutures; aperture small, obliquely circular, lip auriculately fimbriated. Gunpiacu, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cuba. This is the first species in which the suture is distinctly channelled throughout. Species 44. (Fig. a, J, Mus. Cuming.) Cuonpropoma Lowranum. Ohond. testa compresse um- bilicatd, subventricoso-ovatd, albidd, pallidé fusco mar- moratd et strigatd, ad basin fasciatd, anfractibus tu- mido-convewis, longitudinaliter pulcherrimé dense filo- striatis ; apertura obliqué ovatd, dissolutd, superne carinatd et crenulatd, labro via reflexo. Lown’s CHonpropoma. Shell compressly umbilicated, somewhat ventricosely ovate, white, marbled and streaked with pale-brown, banded at the base, whorls tumidly convex, longitudinally very beautifully densely thread-striated ; aperture obliquely ovate, detached, January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Puate VI. keeled and crenulated at the upper part, lip scarcely reflected. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Island of Haiti; Sallé. An exquisitely sculptured species, more ovately ven- tricose than any which has preceded it. Species 45. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA VENEZUELENSE. Chond. testd modicé wm- bilicatd, acuminato-turritd, ustulato-fulod, rufo-fusco interrupte lineari-fasciatd, anfractibus convexis, longi- tudinaliter dense filo-striatis ; apertura circulari-ovata, labro patente-expanso. Toe VeNEzUELA CHonpRopoMa. Shell moderately um- bilicated, acuminately turreted, swarthy fulvous, inter- ruptedly linearly banded with red-brown, whorls convex, longitudinally densely thread-striated ; aper- ture circularly ovate, lip openly expanded. Prerrrer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 52. Hab. Venezuela. A thin acuminately turreted shell, of swarthy hue, in which the aperture is openly expanded at the margin. Species 46. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA REVINCTUM. Chond. testd compresse um- bilicatd, oblongo-turritd, livido-fuscescente, maculis punctisque opaco-albis, purpureo-umbratis, cingulata et lentiginosd, anfractibus convewis, dense filo-reticulatis, ad suturas crenulatis ; apertura circulari, labro sub- Jjimbriato. THE BOUND Cuonpropoma. Shell compressly umbili- cated, oblong-turreted, livid brown, encircled and freckled with purple-shaded opake-white spots and dots, whorls convex, closely thread-reticulated, cre- nulated at the sutures; aperture circular, lip slightly fimbriated. Cyclostoma revinctum, Poey, Mem. p. 99. pl. 5. ff. 24 to 27. Chondropoma revinctum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. Painted with very characteristic purple-shaded opake- white spots and dots upon a dingy fuscous ground. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA RUBICUNDUM. Chond. testé vir umbili- cata, acuminato-turritd, solidiusculd, pellucida, vinoso- rubicundd, anfractibus rotundatis, striis filiformibus annulatis ; apertura circulari, labro fimbriato, intense 70800. Tur ruppy Cuonpropoma. Shell scarcely umbilicated, acuminately turreted, rather solid, transparent, vinous- red, whorls rounded, ringed with thread-like striz ; aperture circular, lip fimbriated, deep rose-colour. Cyclostoma rubicundum, Morelet, Test. Noviss. p. 22. Chondropoma rubicundum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Vera Paz, Guatemala. This Guatemala species is of quite a distinct type from any other. The shell, though solid, is of a rich subgela- tinous transparency, of a vinous-red colour, while the fim- briated lip is a deep crimson-rose. Chondrqpoma Pl, VIL. (Slightly Enlarged.) Sowerby,del.et ith Vincent Brooks, imp CHOWN DRO ROA: Puate VII. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROFOMA AarGuTUM. Chond. testd minute compressé umbilicatd, anguste turritd, solidiusculd, sordidé albd, anfractibus conveis, conspicue spiraliter carinato-cos- tatis, interstitiis excavatis ; aperturd parva, circular, subdissolutd, labro simplici. THE NEAT Cuonproroma. Shell minutely compressly umbilicated, narrowly turreted, rather solid, dead- white, whorls convex, conspicuously spirally keel- ribbed, with the interstices excavated ; aperture small, circular, a little detached, lip simple. Preirrer, Monog. Pneum. Suppl. 1. p. 138. Hab. ? This shell is of quite a distinct type. The sculpture is like that of a sea shell, strong encircling keel ribs, exca- vated in the interstices like those of many species of Pleurotoma. Species 49. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) | CHONDROPOMA CRENULATUM. Chond. testd compress? | umbilicatd, oblongo-turrita, fuled, ustulato-castaneo | varié strigatd et nebulatd, anfractibus convexis, longi- tudinaliter scabrose filo-striatis, ad suturas crenulatis ; apertura oblique circulari, labro tenui, subexpanso. THE CRENULATED CHoNDROPOMA. Shell compressly um- | bilicated, oblong-turreted, fulvous, variously streaked | and clouded with burnt chestnut, whorls convex, longitudinally scabrously thread-striated, crenulated | at the sutures ; aperture obliquely circular, lip thin, a little expanded. Cyclostoma crenulatum, Férussac, Pot. et Mich. Gal. Douai, | vol. i. p. 235. pl. 24. ff. 3, 4. Cyclostoma nodulosum, Gray. Cyclostoma Guadaloupense, Pfeiffer. Chondropoma Guadaloupense, Pfeiffer. Chondropoma crenulatum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Guadaloupe ; Petit. A swarthy clouded shell, in which the sutural crenula- tions are white, and therefore rather conspicuous. | | Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SANTACRUZENSE. Chond testa com- presse umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, tenuiculatd, aurantio- rubella, castaneo minute punctato-fasciatd, anfractibus converis, subventricosis, dense scabrose lamelli-striatis ; apertura oblique circulari, labro tenui, subexpanso. Tue Santa Cruz Cuonprovoma. Shell completely umbilicated, oblong-turreted, rather thin, orange-red, minutely dot-banded with chestnut, whorls convex, slightly ventricose, closely scabrously lamella-stri- ated ; aperture obliquely circular, lip thin, a little ex- panded. Prerrrer, Malak. Blat. 1855, p. 101. Hab. Island of Santa Cruz, West Indies. Beautifully sculptured with a close succession of longi- tudinal lamella-like striee, sharp and scabrous at the edge. Species 51. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA TEXTUM. Chond. testa compressé umbili- catd, conico-turritd, solidiusculd, pallide stramined, sparse obscuré rufo-punctatd, anfractibus declivi-con- vewis, dense reticulatin filo-striatis, ad suturas crenu- latis ; apertura circulari-ovatd, labro calloso-fimbriato. THE woven CuonpRopoma. Shell compressly umbili- cated, conically turreted, rather solid, pale straw-co- lour, sparsely obscurely red-dotted, whorls slopingly convex, closely reticulately thread-striated, crenulated at the sutures ; aperture circularly ovate, lip callously fimbriated. GuNnDLACH, Malak. Blat. 1862. Hab. Cuba. A very characteristic straw-coloured shell, of rather solid growth, with a prominent callously fimbriated aper- ture. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA TURRITUM. Chond. testd compressé um- bilicatd, acuminato-turritd, fulrd, fasciis rufo-fuscis linearibus interruptis cinctd, anfractibus rotundatis, minute reticulatim filo-striatis, ad suturas crenulatis ; apertura oblique circulari, lubro tenui, subexpanso. THB TURRETED CHONDROPOMA. Shell compressly um- bilicated, acuminately turreted, fulvous, encircled with interrupted linear red-brown bands, whorls rounded, minutely reticulately thread-striated, crenulated at January, 1863, CHONDROPOMA.—Ptarte VII. the sutures; aperture obliquely circular, lip thin, a little expanded. Cyclostoma turritum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851. Chondropoma turritum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Honduras ; Dyson. Of an obvious acuminately turreted form, with the characteristic net-sculpture of the genus unusually finely woven. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) CHoNDROPOMA REVOCATUM. Chond. testd modicé um- bilicatd, globoso-conicd, flavescente, versus apicem carned, punctis rufis obscure radiata, anfractibus rotun- datis, spiraliter granoso-scabrosé filo-striatis ; aper- turd pyriformi-ovatd, subampld, labro tenue expanso. THE RECALLED CHonpropoma. Shell moderately um- bilicated, globosely conical, yellowish, flesh-tinged towards the apex, obscurely rayed with red dots, whorls rounded, encircled with granosely scabrous thread-ridges ; aperture pyriformly ovate, rather large, lip thinly expanded. Cyclostoma revocatum, Gundlach, Malak. Blat.. 1857, p- 178. Chondropoma revocatum, Ffeitter. Hab. Cuba. Distinguished by a light globosely inflated form, pale- yellow or straw-colour, passing towards the apex into flesh-rose. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA EUSARCUM. Chond. testé compresse wm- bilicatd, ovata, subventricosd, rubello-stramined, fasciis pallidé rufis interruptis cinetd, anfractibus convexis, subtiliter longitudinaliter filo-striatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, subdissolutd, superné carinatd, labro tenui, via reflexo. Tue pELtcaTE CHonpRopomA. Shell compressly um- bilicated, ovate, rather ventricose, ruddy straw-colour, encircled with faint linear red bands, whorls convex, finely longitudinally thread-striated ; aperture ob- liquely ovate, a little detached, keeled at the upper part, lip thin, scarcely reflected. PFEIFFER, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Island of Haiti; Salle. The most characteristic feature of this species is its light ovate form, with the last whorl ventricose, and pro- portionately larger than usual. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA HARPA. Chond. testd modicé umbilicatd, subtubuloso-turritd, pallide cinnamomed, rufescente punctato-fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudi- naliter membranacius filo-striatis, striis subdistantibus, irregularibus ; apertura oblique circulari, labro reflexo, r0sacco. Tue HARP CuonpRopoma. Shell moderately umbilicated, somewhat tubularly turreted, pale cinnamon-colour, dot-banded with red-brown, whorls rounded, longi- tudinally membranaceously thread-striated, — strie rather distant, irregular; aperture obliquely cireular, _lip reflected, rose-tinted. Cyclostoma harpa, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool, Soc. 1851. Chondropoma harpa, Pfeiffer. Hab. Havana. A very delicate cinnamon-coloured shell, of rather tu- bular growth, in which the striz are like membranaceous threads, irregular and rather distant from each other. Chendropoma Pl. YH. SYD (Slightly Enlarged) Sowerby, del. bith Vincent Brooks, hp CHONDROPOMA. Puate VIII. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonpRopoma LaTUM. Chond. testd ampliter excavato- umbilicatd, depresso-globosd, stramined, anfractibus ro- tundatis, oblique eximié filo-striatis, ad umbilicum con- spicue carinatis ; apertura circulari, parti fimbriatd. THE BROAD CHoNDRoPoMA. Shell largely excavately umbihicated, depressly globose, straw-colour, whorls rounded, obliquely delicately thread-striated, conspi- cuously keeled at the umbilicus ; aperture circular, partially fimbriated. Gunptacn, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cuba. A very distinct form of the genus, in which the shell is depress'y globose and largely deeply umbilicated, the um- bilicus being prominently keeled throughout. Species 57. (Fig. a, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA MARINUM. umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, fulvd, punctis castaneis in seriebus duplicibus longitudinaliter strigatd, ad basin Jasciatd, anfractibus convewvis, longitudinaliter dens? jilo-liratis, ad suturas crenulatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, subeapansd, radiata. THE Marine Cuonpropoma. Shell rather compressly umbilicated, oblong-turreted, fulvous, longitudinally streaked with double rows of chestnut dots, banded at the base, whorls convex, longitudinally densely thread-ridged, crenulated at the sutures ; aperture obliquely ovate, a little expanded, rayed. Wernzanp, Malak. Blat. 1862. Hab. Island of Haiti; Weinland. Chond, testd subcompressé Probably named marinum from the circumstance of its being found in the vicinity of the sea. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA BASICARINATUM. Chond. testd compresse umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, sordide albd, semifossili, anfractibus plano-convexis, spiraliter superficialiter liratis, strits obliquis scabrosis transgredientibus, an- Sractu ultimo basi carinato ; apertura oblique circu- | lari, dissolutd, superne carinata, labro subfimbriato. THE BASE-KEELED CHONDROPoMA. Shell compressly umbilicated, oblong-turreted, dead white, semifossil, whorls flatly convex, spirally superficially ridged, with oblique scabrous strive passing over them, last whorl keeled at the base; aperture obliquely circular, de- tached, keeled at the upper part, lip slightly fimbri- ated. Cyclostoma basicurinatum, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blat. 1855, p. LOTS plear ta 2, 3: Hab. Cuba. A dead-white semifossil shell, belonging to a type of the genus, of which there are many other species of smaller size. Species 59. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA MARGINALBUM. Chond. testd subclau- dente-umbilicatd, cylindraceo-oblongd, — solidiusculd, pellucido-rosaced, anfractibus plano-couvexis, undique minute filo-reticulatis, ad suturas subcrenulatis ; aper- turd oblique circulari-ovatd, labro calloso-fimbriato, albo. THE WHITE-EDGED CuonpRopoma. Shell with a nearly- closed umbilicus, cylindrically oblong, rather solid, transparent rose-tinted, whorls flatly convex, minutely thread-reticulated throughout, slightly crenulated at the sutures; aperture obliquely circularly ovate, lip callously fimbriated, white. GunpLAcH, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cuba. A very distinct form of Chondropoma, of solid growth, but yet of transparent rose-colour, white at the lip. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA QUATERNATUM. Chond. testé subclau- dente-umbilicata, cylindraceo-oblongd, flavescente-albd, interduin rosaceo tinctd, interdum purpureo-fusced su- pra suturas, anfractibus plano-convevis, longitudinaliter densé costulato-striatis ; apertura pared, oblique ovatd, labro calloso-reflexo. Tub QuATERNATE CHONDROPoMA. Shell with a nearly- closed umbilicus, cylindrically oblong, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with rose, sometimes purple-brown above the sutures, whorls flatly convex, longitudi- nally closely rib-striated, aperture small, obliquely ovate, lip callously reflected. January, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Puare VIII. Cyclostoma quaternatum, vol. vill. p. 358. Cistula quaternata, Gray. Tudora quaternata, Pfeiffer. P) Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. Hab. Allied to the preceding species in typical form. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) CuonpRopoMA HJALMERSONI. lindraced, fulvescente, obscure rufo-punctatd, anfrac- tibus conveais, decussatim obsoleté liratis et malleatis ; apertura oblique ovata, labro subexpanso. HsaLMERSON’s CHONDROPOMA. drical, fulvous, faintly red-dotted, whorls convex, Chond. testa obtuse cy- | Shell obtusely cylin- decussately obsoletely ridged and malleated, aperture | obliquely ovate, lip a little expanded. Prererer, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? A peculiar Pupina-like shell, dull in colour, with the | surface obsoletely decussately ridged and malleated. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA BLANDUM. Chond. testd subclaudente- umbilicatd, ovato-turritd, fusco-violaced, puuctis rufis obscure strigatd, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter dense costulato-striatis, versus apicem scabrosis ; aper- turd oblique ovata, auriculato-fimbriata. | | | Tuer Farr CHonpRropomMa. Shell with a nearly-closed umbilicus, ovately turreted, brownish-violet, obscurely streaked with red dots, whorls convex, longitudinally densely rib-striated, scabrous towards the apex, aper- ture obliquely ovate, auriculately fimbriated. Preierer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. Hab. Island of Haiti; Sallé. This and the three preceding species partake in nearly equal proportion of the characters of Chondropoma, Cis- tula, and Tudora, and might be referred to either genus. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PAPYRACEUM. Chond. testa compressé umbilicatd, ovato-turritd, tenuiculd, pallidé fuscd, cas- taneo punctatd et undatd, anfractibus convexis, longi- tudinaliter dense filo-striatis, ad suturas crenulatis ; apertura oblique ovata, labro expanso, reflexo. Tub PAPER CHONDROPOMA. Shell compressly umbilicated, ovately turreted, rather thin, light fuscous, dotted and waved with chestnut, whorls convex, longitudinally densely thread-striated, crenulated at the sutures, aper- ture obliquely ovate, lip expandedly reflected. Cyclostoma papyraceum, C. B. Adams, Contr. no. 6. p. 92. Chondropoma papyraceum, Pfeiffer. Tudora papyracea, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. A very elaborately thread-striated shell, rather more inflated in the last whorl than usual. Chendraporna PLL Oy bh. 67. 68. Sowerby, del.et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp Slightly Enlarged. CHONDROPOMA. Prate IX. Species 64. (Mus. Cuming.) Cuonpropoma Aaasstzit. Chond. testd subprofunde umbilicatd, globoso-turbinatd, rubello-stramined, cas- taneo irregulariter maculatd, suturis anguste canali- culatis, anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter liratis ; aper- turd pyriformi-circulari, labro subeapanso. Agassiz’ CHonpropoma. Shell rather deeply umbilicated, globosely turbinated, reddish straw-colour, irregularly spotted with chestnut, sutures narrowly channelled, whorls rounded, spirally ridged; aperture pyriformly circular, lip a little expanded. Cyclostoma Agassizii, Charpentier, Kiister, Conch. Cab. pl. 38. f. 1, 2. Cistula Agassiz, Pfeiffer. Hab, Cuba. Of a bright, warm straw-colour, variously freckled with chestnut spots and dots. Species 65. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA TERNATUM. Chond. testd subampliter pro- fundé umbilicatd, globoso-turbinatd, stramined, hya- lind, rufo-fusco maculata, suturis anguste canalicu- latis, anfractibus declivi-rotundatis, spiraliter tenut- liratis, ultimo subinflato, apertura circulari, labro late plano-fimbriato. THE TERNATE CHoNDROPOMA. Shell rather largely deeply umbilicated, globosely turbinated, straw- colowr, hyaline, spotted with reddish-brown, sutures narrowly channelled, whorls slopingly rounded, spi- rally finely ridged, last whorl rather inflated, aper- ture circular, lip broadly flatly fimbriated. Cyclostoma ternatum, Gould, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? Very like the preceding species in sculpture and colour- ing, but a more inflatedly convoluted hyaline shell, with the lip broadly fimbriated. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SOLARE. nico-turrité, purpureo-cinered, albo tenuifuniculatd, anfractibus convevis, spiraliter angusté liratis, inter- Chond. testd imperforatd, co- ip stitiis longitudinaliter minute crenulatis, aperturd ovato-circulari, labro latissime plicato-fimbriato. THE SsoLAR CuonpropoMa. Shell imperforate, coni- cally turreted, purple-ash, finely corded with white, whorls convex, spirally narrowly ridged, interstices longitudinally minutely crenulated, aperture ovately circular, lip encircled with a very broad puckered frill. Preirrer, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? This fine species, lately named by Dr. Pfeiffer, is finely corded throughout with white ridges upon a purple-ash ground, which is most exquisitely crenulated in the oppo- site direction. The bold plated frill encircling the aper- ture, except on the side where it would be obstructed by the body whorl, is an equally striking character. Species 67. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SAGITTIFERUM. Chond. testdé umbilicata, ovato-turritd, sordidé alba, ferrugineo-fusco longitudi- naliler undatd, anfractibus declivi-convevis, liris plano- obtusis densissime reticulatis; apertura pyriforimi- ovald, labro plus minus fimbriato. THE ARROW-BEARING CHONDROPOMA, cated, ovately turreted, dull white, longitudinally Shell umbili- waved with rust-brown, whorls slopingly convex, very densely reticulated with flatly obtuse ridges, aperture pyriformly ovate, lip more or less fimbriated. Cyclostoma sagittiferum, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch, no. 8. p. 137. Cistula ? sagittifera, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. The sculpture of this shell is a close obtuse reticulation, with the interstices mere punctures. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) CHonDropomMa GRUNERI. Chond. testd angusté umbili- eatd, oblongo-conicd, sordidée flavescente, subhyalind, pone aperturam sparse fusco-fasciatd, anfractibus de- clivi-conveais, spiraliter elevato-striatis ; apertura ovato-circulari, labro latissimé concavo-fimbriato. GRUNER’s CHonDROPOMA. Shell narrowly umbilicated, February, 1863. CHONDROPOMA,.—Puate IX. oblong-conical, dull yellowish, subhyaline, sparsely | banded with brown behind the aperture, whorls slopingly convex, spirally elevately striated, aperture ovately-circular, lip very broadly concavely frilled. Cyclostoma Gruneri, Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1846, p- 47. Cistula Gruneri, Gray. Hab. Honduras. Of a peculiar dull, delicately transparent substance, faintly sculptured. Species 69. (Mus, Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA RADIOSUM. Chond. testd vix umbilicatd, anguste turbinatd, rubello-stramined, pallide fusco in- terrupte lineata, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter dense crispato-striatis ; aperturé parva, labro late concavo-fimbriuto, fimbria plicata, fusco-radiata. Tub RAYED Cuonpropoma. Shell scarcely umbilicated, narrowly turbinated, reddish straw colour, faintly in- terruptedly lineated with brown, whorls convex, lon- gitudinally densely crisply striated; aperture small, lip broadly concavely frilled, frill puckered, rayed with brown. Cyclostoma radiosa, Morelet, Test. Noviss. p. 22. Cistula radiosa, Pfeiffer. Hab. Guatemala. Exquisitely sculptured longitudinally, and beautifully rayed with brown behind the aperture. Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA ROSTRATUM. Chond. testa wmbilicatd, subanguste turbinatd, albidd, subhyalind, fusco longi- tudinaliter alternatim undatd et punctatd, anfractibus convewis, creberrime longitudinaliter funiculatis, in suturas denticulatis ; aperturaé ovato-circulari, labro ealloso-fimbriato. THE BEAKED CHoNDROPOMA. Shell umbilicated, rather narrowly turbinated, whitish, subhyaline, alternately longitudinally waved and dotted with brown, whorls convex, very closely longitudinally corded, denticu- lated in the sutures, aperture ovately circular, lip callously frilled. Cyclostoma rostratum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool, Soc. 1852, p. 66. Cistula rostrata, Pfeiffer. Hab. ? Neatly painted throughout with curiously regular waved lines and distant dots, ranging alternately. Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA BILABIATUM. Chond. testa umbilicatd, ovato-turritd, livido-cinered, anfractibus convexis, lineis spiralibus lamellisque scabrosis longitudinalibus decus- satis ; apertura pyriformi-ovatd, obliqud, labro sub- Jjimbriato. THE TWO-LIPPED CHoonpropoma. Shell umbilicated, ovately turreted, livid ash-colour, whorls convex, decussated with spiral lines and longitudinal sea- brous lamellae, aperture pyriformly ovate, oblique, lip slightly fimbriated. Cyclostoma bilabiatum, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cub. p. 258. pl. 22. f. 3 to 5. Cyclostoma D’ Orbignianum, Petit. Cyclostoma salebrosum, Morelet. Choanopoma bilabiatum, Gray. Ctenopoma bilabiatum, Pfeiffer. Hab. Cuba. Chiefly distinguished by its close-set longitudinal sca- brous lamelle. i Deny pa i, i 7%, i 5 Chondropoma Lf. 76. 80. Slightly Enlarged. Sowerby, delet. Tith Vincent Brooks, Imp. CaAvO NDR, OP Or A, Puate X. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA ANTIGUENSE. Chond. testa viv umbili- cata, oblongo-turritd, albidd, fuscescente pallidé punc- tata, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter dense lamel- latis, in suturas subdenticulatis ; apertura circulari, parca, labro minute fimbriato. Tur ANnTIGUA CHonpRopoma. Shell scarcely umbili- cated, oblong-turreted, whitish, faintly dotted with brown, whorls convex, longitudinally densely lamel- lated, slightly denticulated in the sutures ; aperture circular, small, lip minutely fimbriated. Cyclostoma Antiguense, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1. p. 131. Cistula Antiguensis, Pfeitfer. Hab. Antigua. Beautifully sculptured longitudinally with thin close- set lamelle. Species 73. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA RUFILABRE. Chond. testa minutissimé umbilicatd, oblongo-cylindraced, solidiusculd, rubello- stramined, roseo tinctd, fusco obscure punctatd, an- fractibus convexis, spiraliter tenuiliratis, longitudi- naliter crenuloso-lamellatis ; aperturd circulari, parva, labro sanguineo-rufo, obtuse fimbriato. THE RED-LIP CHONDROPOMA. Shell very minutely um- bilicated, oblong-cylindrical, rather solid, reddish straw-colour, tinged with rose, obscurely dotted with brown, whorls convex, spirally finely ridged, longi- tudinally crenulously lamellated; aperture circular, small, lip blood-red, obtusely fimbriated, Cyclostoma rufilabre, Beck, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1. p- 133. Cyclostoma bilabre, Menke. Cistula rufilabris, Gray. Tudora rufilabris, Morch. Hab. Santa Cruz, West Indies. A small solid cylindrical shell, with a callous blood-red lip. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA INCULTUM. Chond. testd vix umbilicatd, oblongo-turrild, flavescente, castaneo interruple lineatd, anfractibus convexis, obscuré reticulatis, in suturas valdé denticulatis ; apertura circulari, pared, labro expanso-reflexo. THE NEGLECTED CHoNpRopoma. Shell scarcely um- bilicated, oblong-turreted, yellowish, interruptedly lineated with chestnut, whorls convex, obscurely reticulated, strongly denticulated in the sutures ; aperture circular, small, lip expandedly reflected. Cyclostoma incultum, Poey, Mém. 1. p. 98. pl. 8. f. 4, 5. Chondropoma incultum, Pfeiffer, Cistula inculta, Pfeiffer. fab, Cuba, Sculpture is very obscure on the surface of this shell, but strongly developed in sutural denticles. Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) Chond. testa conico-turritd, rubello-stramined, purpureo-fusco tinctd et interruple fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter dense tenuilamellatis ; apertura pyriformi-circulari, labro CHONDROPOMA TAMSIANA. tenue expanso-reflexo. Tams’ CHoNDROPOMA. Shell conically turreted, reddish straw-colour, stained and interruptedly banded with purple-brown, whorls rounded, longitudinally densely finely lamellated ; aperture pyriformly circular, lip thinly expandedly reflected. Cyclostoma Tamsiana, Pfeitter, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1850, p- 77. Hab. Venezuela; Dr. Tams. The conically turreted form of this species is peculiar ; the sculpture as in many of the more oblong Cuban and Jamaica species. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA LUGUBRE. Chond. testd vir umbilicatd, subangusle turritd, flavescente, violaceo-cinereo latifas- ciald, anfractibus plano-convexis, longitudinaliter con- spicue lamellatis, in suturas denticulatis ; apertura circulari, labro expanso-fimbriato, fimbrid purpureo- radiata, THE MOURNFUL Cyuonpropoma. Shell scarcely umbili- cated, rather narrowly turreted, yellowish, broadly February, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Puate X. banded with violet-ash, whorls flatly convex, longi- tudinally conspicuously lamellated, denticulated in the sutures; aperture circular, lip expandedly fim- briated, frill rayed with purple. Cyclostoma lugubre, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 249. Cistula lugubris, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. The longitudinal lamelle are rather more than usually conspicuous in this species, which is especially distin- guished by its violet-ash-banded colouring. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA PALLIDUM. Chond. testdé modicé umbili- cata, conico-turritd, sordidé stramined, subhyalind, pallidé fusco sparsim punctatd, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter minutissime dense lamellatd ; apertura circulari, labro sublate fimbriato. Tur PALE Cuonproroma. Shell moderately umbili- cated, conically turreted, dull hyaline, sparsely dotted with pale-brown, whorls con- vex, longitudinally very minutely closely lamellated ; aperture circular, lip rather broadly fringed. Cyclostoma pallidum, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. p. 248. Cistula pallida, Pfeiffer. Hab. Havana. Of the conically turreted type, with the longitudinal lamellar sculpture extremely finely developed. straw-colour, sub- 1851, Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SHEPARDIANUM. Chond. testa anguste turritd, rubello-luted, fusco punctato-strigald, anfrac- tibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter conspicueé lameliatis, in suturis denticulatis, anfractu ultimo subsoluto ; apertura circulari, labro subfimbriato. SuEparp’s Cuonpropoma. Shell narrowly turreted, reddish yellow, dot-streaked with brown, whoils rounded, longitudinally conspicuously lamellated, denticulated in the sutures, last whorl slightly un- coiled ; aperture circular, lip a little fimbriated. Cyclostoma Shepardiana, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. no. 6. p. 92. Cistula Shepardiana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. The longitudinal lamellar sculpture strongly predomi- nates ; the last whorl is shghtly uncoiled. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA MORDAX. bilicatd, anguste turritd, flavescente, castaneo varie lentiginosd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudinaliter dense scabroso-lumellatis, anfractu ultimo castaneo unifasciato ; apertura pyriformi-circulari, labro tenue Chond. testd compressé um- eapanso. THE CUTTING CHonpROPpoMaA. Shell compressly um- bilicated, narrowly turreted, yellowish, variously freckled with chestnut, whorls rounded, longitudi- nally densely scabrously lamellated, last whorl en- circled with a chestnut band; aperture pyriformly circular, lip thinly expanded. Cyclostoma mordax, C. B. Adams, Contr. Conch. no. 1. p- 12. Cistula mordax, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. The lamelle of this species are more than usually sca- brous, sharp and cutting. Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.) Cuonpropoma Ritset. Chond. testa vix umbilicatd, conico-turrild, flavescente, pallide fusco promiscué punctatd, anfractibus declivi-convexis, longitudina- liter dense filoso-lamellatis, lamellis in suturas den- ticulatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, parva, labro plano- reflexo, radiato. Ritsp’s Cuonproroma. Shell scarcely umbilicated, coni- cally turreted, yellowish, promiscuously dotted with pale-brown, whorls slopingly convex, longitudinally densely thread-lamellated, lamelle denticulated in the sutures; aperture obliquely ovate, small, lip flatly reflected, rayed. Pre1rrer, Mon. Pneum. p, 418. Hab. Porto Rico. A conically turreted species, in which the longitudinal lamellae have more the character of fine threads. Sowerby, del.et hth = ae 69 Slightly Enlarged. Chondropoma PUAL. Vincent Brooks, inp. CHOON D ROP O MA. Prats Xie Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) | CHONDROPOMA CINCLIDODES. Chond. testd imperforatd, eylindraceo-oblongd, albidi, fusco sparsim puuctaté, anfractibus plano-convexis, scabroso-reticulatis, in suturis minute denticulatis ; apertura oblique ovatd, pared, labro vix reflexo. THE DELICATE CHonpRopomaA. Shell imperforate, cy- lindrically oblong, whitish, sparsely dotted with brown, whorls flatly convex, scabrously reticulated, minutely denticulated in the sutures ; aperture obliquely ovate, small, lip scarcely reflected. Cyclostoma cinclidodes, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852, p- 142. Cistula cinclidodes, Pfeiffer. Hab. Haiti; Sallé. | A small cylindrical species, lamellarly sculptured after the prevailing type of the genus, but more reticulated with raised spiral lines. Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA TROCHLEARE. Chond. testdi minut? um- bilicatd, anguste turritd, flavescente, Susco interrupte Jasciatda, anfractibus rotundatis, oblique tennilamellatis ; | apertura circulari, parca, labro fimbriato, fimbria Jfusco radiata. THE COILED CHonpRopoma. Shell minutely umbili- cated, narrowly turreted, yellowish, interruptedly banded with brown, whorls rounded, obliquely finely lamellated ; aperture circular, small, lip fimbriated, frill rayed with brown. Cyclostoma trochleare, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. L855 p. 249. Cistula trochlearis, Pfeiffer. Hab. Chiapa, Mexico. The slender longitudinal lamella are not so close-set in this species as usual. Species 83. (Mus. Cuining.) CHONDROPOMA LIVIDUM. Chond. testd compress? um- | bilicatd, conico-turritd, lividd, fusco obscure punctati, anfractibus convexis, striis dense Jfiloso-reticulatis ; aperturd circulari, labro subfimbriato. | Typ Livin CHonpropoma. Shell compressly umbili- cated, conically turreted, livid, obscurely dotted with brown, whorls convex, closely reticulated with thread- like strize; aperture circular, lip slightly fimbriated. Hab. Cuba. This species appears to have been mistaken for D’Or- bigny’s (©. bilabiatum. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA GRaTELOUPT. Chond. testé oblonga, solidiusculd, flavescente, pallidé Susco punctatd et fas- ciatd, anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter confertim obtuse liratis, interstitiis minute clathratis, suturis denticulatis ; apertura circulari, labro concavo-fim- briato. GRATELOUP’s CHONDROPOMA. Shell oblong, rather solid, yellowish, dotted and bauded with pale brown, whorls convex, longitudinally closely obtusely ridged, interstices minutely latticed, sutures denticulated : aperture circular, lip concavely fimbriated. Cyclostoma Grateloupi, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 185]. p- 246. Cistula Grateloupi, Pfeiffer. Hab. Yucatan. The longitudinal sculpture, commonly of a fine Jamellar character, is here developed in obtuse ridges. Species 85. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA SAUL. catd, gracili-turritd, albidd, subhyalind, punetis paucis Chond. testd subaperte umbili- pallide fuscis tinctd, anfractibus rotundatis, longitudi- naliter exilissime lamellalis ; apertura rotunda, labiro calloso-fimbriato, fimbrié albd, castaneo couspicue radiato. SavL’s CHonDRopoMA. Shell rather openly umbilicated, slenderly turreted, whitish, subhyaline, stained with a few pale-brown dots, whorls rounded, longitudinally very delicately lamellated ; aperture round, lip cal- lously fimbriated, frill white, conspicuously rayed with chestnut. Cyclostoma Saulie, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 145. pl. 28. f. 189. February, 1863. CHONDROPOMA.—Ptate XI. Choanopoma Saulie, Gray. Cistula Saulia, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. An extremely delicate species, with a pretty contrast of dark radiated painting on the frill. Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) CHoNDROPOMA LARGILLIERTI. Chond. testa minute um- bilicatd, oblongo-cylindraced, livido-albidd, fusco spar- sim punctatd, anfractibus plano-convexis, longitudina- liter confertim obtuse liratis, interstitiis minute clath- ratis, suturis denticulatis ; apertura cireulari, labro concavo-fimbriate. LARGILLIERT’S CHonpRopoma. Shell minutely umbi- licated, oblong-cylindrical, livid white, sparsely dotted with brown, whorls . flatly convex, longitudinally closely obtusely ridged, interstices minutely latticed, sutures denticulated, aperture circular, lip concavely fimbriated. Cyclostoma Largillierti, Pfeiffer, 1846, p. 46. Choanopoma Largillierti, Gray. Cistula Largillierti, Pfeiffer. Hab. Yucatan; Largilliert. Zeitschr. fiir Malac. A dull, obtusely ridged shell, very closely allied to C. Grateloupi. Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) CuonpropoMa KusteErt. Chond. testa minuté umbilicatd, conico-turritd, rubello-stramined, fusco obscure punc- tata, anfractibus rotundatis, striis scabrosis confertim decussatis ; apertura circulari, labro concavo-fimbriato, fimbrid subplicata. KusteR’s CHonpRropoMa. Shell minutely umbilicated, conically turreted, reddish straw-colour, obscurely dotted with brown, whorls rounded, closely decus- sated with scabrous strie ; aperture circular, lip con- cavely fimbriated, frill a little puckered. Cyclostoma Kusteri, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 249. Hab. Honduras; Dyson. Sculptured with a decussation of a very uniform cha- racter. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA IGNEA. Chond. testd compressée umbili- cata, cylindraceo-conicd, solidiusculd, alba, igneo- roseo tinctd, anfractibus convexis, minutissime lamel- lato-decussatis, in suturis subtiliter denticulatis ; aper- turd pyriformi-circulari, labro vix reflexo. THE FIERY CHonpRoPomMaA. Shell compressly umbili- eated, cylindrically conical, rather solid, whitish, tinged with fiery rose, whorls convex, very minutely lamellarly decussated, finely denticulated in the su- tures, aperture pyriformly circular, lip scarcely re- flected. 9 Hab. An extremely minutely lamellated species, remarkably tinged towards the apex with a bright, bronze-like, fiery rose-colour. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) CHONDROPOMA RADULA. Chond. testé minute umbilicatd, conico-turritd, flavescente, fusco sparsim punctato- fasciatd, anfractibus rotundatis, decussatim serrato- lamellatis ; apertura circulari, parvd, labro late plano- Jinbriato, fimbrid fusco-radiata. Tue rasp Cuonpropoma. Shell minutely umbilicated, conically turreted, yellowish, sparsely dot-banded with brown, whorls rounded, decussately serrately lamellated ; aperture circular, small, lip broadly flatly fimbriated, frill rayed with brown. Cyclostoma radula, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1851, p. 246. Cistula radula, Pfeiffer. TTab. Havana. In this species the decussating lamellee are more ser- rated, like a rasp to the touch. abnatum, Gundlach . 6 Agassizii (Cistula), Pfeiffer .... angustatum, Pfeiffer Antiguense (Cistu/a), Pfeiffer . . argutum, Pfeiffer... .. Auberianum, D’Orbigny . basicarinatum, Pfeifer . bilabiatum (Cyelos.), D’ Orson blandum, Pfeiffer... 2... Blauneri, Shuttleworth . Candeanum, D’Orbigny . . Charpentieri, Shuttleworth ... . cinclidodes (Cistula), Pfeiffer .. . claudicans, Pfeiffer Po a Cordovanum, Pfeiffer .... 2... crenulatum (Cye/.), Perussac . . Cumanense, Pfeiffer ......... Delatreanum, D’ Ordiguy. . ; dentatum (Cycl.), Say ....... diaphanum, Pfeiffer.......... dissolutum, Pfeiffer. . egregium, Gundlach .... eusarcum, Pfeiffer glabratum, Veinland ........ Grateloupi (Cisfula), Pfeiffer .. . Gruneri (Cis¢uda), Pfeiffer... .. Guadaloupense, Pfeiffer Gutierneci, POCY: =n. semi Habichii, Weinland.......... harpa, Pfeiffer. . be Hellenicum (Cycl.), Gy hemiotum, Pfeiffer .... Hjalmersoni, P/er/er lgnea, Reeve. Oe incultum (Cuca Poey integrum, Pfeiffer irradians, Shuttleworth ....... UCUNG UM, Ly Cif EF avcraye)e: 1 verete Kester) Pferler rs. s et a Largilherti (Cistula) Pfeiffer. cts latilabre (Cyc/.), D’Orbigny. . latum;, Gundlach............ linealatum, Anton .......... CoH ON DER ©; POM AY Species. 43 a3 or Oo &—& = ®O Oo Ke womanmw oo 62 18 ~_ @© oc rene ww or es ew oo) OS: (Ot =" G0 2100) oe ore oO ao litturatum, Pfeiffer .. lividumsy Recvewers.).-+ ickaeeee Loweanum, Pfeiffer.......... lugubre (Cistula), Pfeiffer lunulatum, Morch . . Jone magnificum, Pfeiffer ...... 0. Mahogani, Gould ... marginalbum, Gundlach ...... marinum, Weinland......... moestum, Shuttleworth........ mordax (Cistula), Pfeiffer... .. Newcombianum, ddams ...... nodulosum, Gray.........-.. obesum (Zrune.), Menke. .... . Oitoniss 2 /crfer rs. sleet eer: pallidum (Ciséu/a), Pfeiffer... . papyraceum, C. B. ddams .... perlatum, Gundlach.......... Petitianum, Pfeifer... ...3.. petricosum, Morelet.........- Pfeifferianum, Poey.......... pictum, Pfeiffer plicatulum, Pfeiffer £3 Poeyanum (Cycl.), D Orbigng: 5 Poeyanum, Pfeiffer .........- puncticulatum, Pfeiffer ...... quaternatum (Cyc/.), Lamarck. . radiosum, Morelet........... radula (Cistula), Pfeiffer...... revinctum (Cycl.), Poey revocatum, Gundlach ........ Riisei, Pfeiffer ...... 500 rostratum (Cistula), Pfeiffer rubicundum (Cyel.), Morelet . . TUG, MMCILANG! Wa wert teres st rufilabre (Cyelos.), Beck ...... rufopictum, Gundlach........ sagittiferum, Pfeiffer Sagra, D’Orbigny.........-- Salleanum, Pfeiffer.........- Santacruzense, Pfeiffer ....... Sauliz (Cyclos.), Sowerby semilabre, Pfeiffer... ... Plate. Species 26 $3 44 CHONDROPOMA.—INDEX. Plate. Species. Plate. Species. Shepardianum (Cyc/.),C.B. Adams X. 18 | Wortolense; Pfeiffer .5-..-...2 LV: 31 Shuttleworthi, Pfeifer........ I. 4 | trochleare (Cistula), Pfeitfer.... XI. 82 Rin dlas JAHIZP 9050 00n0uS0- Wile 42 | Troscheli, Pfeiffer........... III. 16 SOND, JFCHEP cop scco cago | WM 66 | truncatum, Pfeiffer .......... VI. 40 Swifti, Shuttleworth......... IIL. 21 | rou, Ji faa ngaoesaces Will, 52 Swiftianum, Newcomb........ UI. 16 | Venezuelense, Pfeiffer........ VI 45 Tamsiana (Cyclos.), Pfeiffer.... X. 75 | verecundum, Poey........... I. 4 tenebrosum (Cycl.), Morelet... II. 7 violaceum, E/eifen .. 2.2.5.5 | Ll 13 amin CM) eo nounccace, IOS 65 | Weinlandi, Pftife:-.:.:.--.. © 2 textum, Gundlach........... VII. 51 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS eA ON INS Wa ae He's walk’d the way of nature ; And, to our purposes, he lives no more,’’—Skakespeare. x « ar 2 ae: eee AiG Wi -_< 1s nm Li Adamsiella PLT. = < \ {Slightly Enlarged ) Vincent Brooks, Irnp. Sowerby, del. et lith ADAM STE Li A’. Puate IJ. Genus ADAMSIELLA, Pfeiffer. Testa oblongo-turrita vel pupeformis, plerumgque minute reticulata, ad suturas raro crenulata, anfractu ultimo sepe plus minus soluto ; apertura parviusculd, labro plerumque calloso-fimbriato. Operculum circulare, tenue, subcartilagineum, anfractibus paucis, sensim erescentibus, margine sublibero, nucleo subcentralt. Shell oblong-turreted or pupa-shaped, generally minutely reticulated, rarely crenulated at the sutures, last whorl often more or less uncoiled ; aperture rather small, lip generally callously fimbriated. Opereulum circular, thin, somewhat cartilaginous, whorls few, increasing gradually, with the edge somewhat free, nucleus nearly central. In this genus of Cyclostomacea, named in honour of the late Professor C. B. Adams, the operculum is circular, formed of a few gradually increasing whorls, slightly free at the edge, with the nucleus nearly central. The species, of which there are scarcely more than a dozen well defined, are composed of rather narrow whorls, the last being generally more or less uncoiled. ‘The sculpture is minute, delicately thread-like, including in some instances a few crenulations in the sutures. The aperture is small and subtubular, mostly encircled with a flatly expanded cal- lous frill. AJl the species, excepting one from Cuba, are from Jamaica, one ranging into Demerara. A shell, un- known to me, it should however be added, was described in 1861 (Pro. Zool. Soc. p. 232) by the Rev. H. B. Tris- tram, under the name 4. Osderti, collected by Mr. Salvin in Guatemala. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA IGNILABRIS. Adams. testd anguste pro- funde umbilicatd, turritd, fused, labro vivide miniato ; anfractibus rotundatis, striis elevatis undique dense annulatis ; labro duplici, calloso-reflexo. THE FIRE-LIP ADAMSIELLA. Shell narrowly deeply um- bilicated, turreted, fuscous, lip bright searlet-red ; whorls rounded, closely ringed throughout with raised strie ; lip duplex, callously reflected. Cyclostoma ignilabre, Adams, Contr. to Conch. No. 1. p. 9. Adamsiclla ignilabris, Pfeitter. Cyclostoma chlorostoma, Sowerby. Choanopoma chlorostoma, Gray. Adamsiella chlorostoma, Pfeiffer. Hab, Jamaica. Demerara. A closely ring-striated species, in which the fiery-red colouring of the lip contrasts in a striking manner with the dull brown of the shell. Fig. 2. (Mus. Cuming.) to) This shell, which is Mr. Sowerby’s Cyclostoma articu- latum, proves to be a variety of Professor C. Adams’s Cy- clostoma variabile (Adamsiella variabilis, Pfeilfer). Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA GRAYANA. Sunde unbilicatd, ovato-pupeformi, violaceo-fuscd, se- Adams. testé subangusté pro- riced, anfractibus rotundatis, striis elevatis undique confertim decussatis, labro duplici, late calloso-expanso, Julvescente. Gray’s ApAmstpELia. Shell rather narrowly deeply um- bilicated, ovately pupa-shaped, violet-brown, silky, whorls rounded, closely decussated throughout with raised strive, lip duplex, broadly callously expanded, yellowish. Cyclostoma Grayanum, Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. fiir Malac. 1846. Cyclostoma obscurum, Gray (not of Draparnaud). Choanopoma Grayanum, Pfeiffer. Adamsiella Grayanum, Pfeiffer. Cyclostoma concentricum, C. B. Adams. Cyclostoma serriferum, C. B. Adams. Hab. Jamaica. Of a rather short pupa-like form, with the lip broadly callously expanded. Species 4. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA MONSTROSA. Addams. testa subaperte uinbi- licatd, oblongo-turritd, fulvescente, semipellucidd, rufo- fusco evimié maculata et marmoratd, anfractibus an- gustis, rotundatis, decussatim striatis, ultimo soluto ; apertura minutd, labro latissimée calloso-reflexo. THE MoNnsTROoUs ADAMSIELLA. Shell rather openly wn- bilicated, oblong-turreted, yellowish, semitransparent, lightly spotted and marbled with red-brown, whorls April, 1863. ADAMSIELLA.—Ptate 1. narrow, rounded, decussately striated, last whorl uncoiled; aperture very small, lip very broadly cal- lously reflected. Cyclostoma monstrosum, Adams, Contr. to Conch. no. 1. p- 5. Adamsiella monstrosa, Pfeiffer. Hab, Jamaica. A semitransparent delicately-painted shell of narrow subtubular whorls, of which the last is partially unrolled, with the lip unusually broadly flatly reflected. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA VARIABILIS. Adams. testd profundé um- bilicatd, ovato-turbinatd, fulvescente, fusco varie fas- ciata, juxta suturas articulatd, anfractibus subangus- tis, rotundatis, striis elevatis minute decussutis, labro duplici, modicé expanso. THE VARIABLE ADAMSTIELLA. Shell deeply umbilicated, ovately turbinated, fulvous, variously banded with brown, articulated next the sutures, whorls rather narrow, rounded, minutely decussated with raised striee, lip duplex, moderately expanded. Cyclostoma articulatum, Gray (not of Draparnaud). Cyclostoma variabile, Adams. Cyclostoma mutatum, Adams. Choanopoma articulatum, Pfeiffer. Adamsiella variabilis, Pfeitter. Hab. Jamaica. This species, as may be seen by our figures, varies in form, and the decussating striz are stronger in some The painting consists almost invariably of bands, with an articulation of spots below the ) 2 specimens than in others. sutures. Species 6. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA PEARMAN®ANA. Adams. testd aperte pro- funde umbilicatd, oblongo-turritd, pellucido-albd, rufo- Jfusco minute lentiginosd et radiata, anfractibus sub- angustis, rotundatis, striis pulchré decussatis, longi- tudinalibus lamelliformibus, anfractu ultimo soluto ; apertura parva, labro eleganter fimbriato. Prarman’s ADAMSIELLA. Shell openly deeply umbili- cated, oblong-turreted, transparent-white, minutely freckled and rayed with red-brown, whorls rather narrow, rounded, beautifully decussated with strive, of which the longitudinal are raised into lamelle, last whorl uncoiled; aperture small, lip elegantly fimbriated. Cyclostoma Pearmaneanum, Chitty, Contr. to Conch. no. 1. p. 2. Cyclostoma longicolle, Pfeiffer. Adamsiella Pearmaneana, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. In this most elegant species the longitudinal striz are raised throughout into fine thread-like lamelle, while the frill encircling the aperture is removed some little distance back from the lip. Species 7. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA INTERMEDIA. Sunde umbilicata, Adams. testé subaperte pro- oblongo-turrita, fulvescente-alba, semipellucidd, rufo-fusco interrupte fasciatd et arti- culatd, anfractibus rotundatis, striis elevatis reticulato- decussatis ; apertura parviusculd, labro calloso-fim- briato. THE INTERMEDIATE ADAMSIELLA. Shell rather openly deeply umbilicated, oblong turreted, fulvous white, semitransparent, interruptedly banded and articu- lated with red-brown, whorls rounded, reticulately decussated with raised strize ; aperture rather small, lip callously fimbriated. Cyclostoma intermedium, Adams, Contr. to Conch. no. 1. p. 5. Adamsiella intermedia, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. Characterized among other features by the interrupted slhightly-waved style of the painting. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA BINNEYANA. Adams. testa profunde umbili- cata, ovato-turritd, subcylindraced, fulvescente-albd, medio fascia lata castaned cingulatd, anfractibus con- vewis, sub lente minute decussatis, labro calloso-reflexo, albo. Bryney’s ADAMSIELLA. Shell deeply umbilicated, ovately turreted, subeylindrical, yellowish-white, encircled round the middle with a broad chestnut band, whorls convex, minutely decussated beneath the lens, lip callously reflected, white. Cyclostoma Binneyanum, Adams, Pfeitter, Zeitschr. fiir Malac. 1846, p. 47. Cyclostoma pulchrius, Adams. Choanopoma Binneyanum, Gray. Adamsiella pulchrior, Pfeitter. Hab. Jamaica. This apparently smooth shell is especially distinguished by its single broad chestnut band. 70. Sowerby, del et lith ( Slightly Enlarged ) Adamstella PLA. Vancent Brooks, inp ADAMS WE is Ey Ay. Puate IT. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA cHORDATA. Adams. testé minut? umbili- cata, subanguste turritd, fulvd, vivide castanco lineari- Jasciatd, anfractibus convexis, striis tenuibus decussatis, striis longitudinalibus subtiliter filosis, ad suturas cre- nulatis, labro tenue reflexo. THE STRINGED ADAMSIELLA. Shell minutely umbili- cated, rather narrowly turreted, fulvous, linearly banded with bright-chestnut, whorls convex, decus- sated with fine striz, the longitudinal strize raised in fine threads, crenulated at the sutures, lip thinly reflected. Gunptacu, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Cuba. The delicate longitudinal thread-like strize are paler in colour than the ground of the shell, which is encircled throughout with from three to four linear bands of bright- chestnut. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here represented is the type of Mr. Sowerby’s Cyclostoma chlorostoma (Adamsiella chlorostoma, Pfeiffer). It appears to me to be a yellow-lipped variety of 4. igni- labris. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA PINGUISs. bilicatd, acuminato-turritd, cinnamomeo-fuscd, submi- Adams. testé subampliter um- cante, anfractibus angustis, rotundatis, liris spiralibus oblusis, striisque longitudinalibus minutis, sculptis. THE GREASY ADAMSIELLA. Shell rather largely umbili- cated, acuminately turreted, cinnamon-brown, rather shining, whorls narrow, rounded, sculptured with ob- tuse spiral ridges and minute longitudinal striz. Cyclostoma pingue, Pfeiffer, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 248. Adamsiella pinguis, Pfeiffer. Hab. ? The oily shining aspect of this shell, after which it is named, can hardly be relied on as a specific character. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA MORIBUNDA. umbilicatd, oblongd, solidiusculd, lutescente, anfrac- Adams. testa aperté profundé tibus rotundatis, minutissime decussatim striatis, striis longitudinalibus validioribus, ad suturas erenatis, labro angusté plano-fimbriato. THE DEATH-LIKE ADAMSTELLA. Shell openly deeply umbilicated, oblong, rather solid, yellowish, whorls rounded, very minutely decussately striated, longi- tudinal striz the stronger, crenated at the sutures, lip narrowly flatly fimbriated. Cyclostoma moribundum, Adams, Contr. to Conch. no. 1. p- 5. Adamsiella moribunda, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. A pale-yellowish shell, minutely decussated throughout, the longitudinal strize, which are the stronger, having the appearance of delicate silken cords. Species 13. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA MIRABILIS. Adams. testd apert? profunde umbilicatd, oblongo-conicd, tenniculd, albidd, rufo- Jusco interrupte lineatim trifasciatd, infra suturas con- spicue maculata, anfractibus rotundatis, striis elevatis granoso-decussatis, labro plano-fimbriato, subcalloso. THE WONDERFUL ADAMsIELLA. Shell openly deeply umbilicated, oblong-conical, rather thin, whitish, in- terruptedly linearly three-banded with red-brown, conspicuously spotted beneath the sutures, whorls rounded, granosely decussated with raised strive, lip flatly fimbriated, rather callous Turbo mirabilis, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 6. f. Cyclostoma mirabile, Gray. 2 wo Cyclostoma decussatulum, Adams. Adamsiella mirabilis, Pfeiffer. Hub. Jamaica. In this species the decussation has almost the granular roughness of a thimble. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA MIRANDA. Adams. testd aperte profunde umbilicatld, oblongo-conied, albidd, rufo-fusco interrupte trifasciatd, infra suturas conspicue maculata, anfrac- tibus rotundatis, minute decussatim striatis, striis longi- tudinalibus validioribus, anfractu ultimo paululum soluto, labro conspicué plano-fimbriato. April, 1863. ADAMSIELLA.—Pxate II. THE ADMIRED ADAMSIELLA. bilicated, oblong-conical, whitish, interruptedly three- banded with red-brown, conspicuously spotted be- neath the sutures, whorls rounded, minutely decus- sately striated, longitudinal striae the stronger, last whorl a little uncoiled, lip conspicuously flatly frilled. Cyclostoma mirandum, Contr. to Conch. no. 1. p. 4. Adamsiella miranda, Pfeitter. flab. Jamaica. Shell openly deeply um- Resembling the preceding species in colouring, but with the last whorl more loosely coiled, while the decussation is different. Here the spiral strize are almost obsolete, and the longitudinal strize have the appearance of fine silken cords. Fig. 15 and 16. (Mus. Cuming.) The shells here figured represent respectively Professor C. B. Adams’ Cyelostoma (Adamsiella) serriferum and concentricum, both of which alleged species Dr. Pfeiffer refers to 4. Grayana. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) ADAMSIELLA XANTHOSTOMA. Adams. testé aperté pro- Sunde unbilicatd, subacuminato-turritd, cinereo-fusces- cente, anfractibus rotundatis, spiraliter obtusé liratis, longitudinaliter dense minutissime striatis, labro callosé plano-fimbriato, aurantio-luteo, THE YELLOW-MOUTH ADAMSIELLA. Shell openly deeply umbilicated, rather acuminately turreted, light ash- brown, whorls rounded, spirally obtusely ridged, longitudimally densely very minutely striated, hp cal- lously flatly fimbriated, orange-yellow. Cyclostoma wanthostoma, Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch. p- 144. pl. 29. f. 175. Cyclostoma tenuistriatum, Adams. Choanopoma wanthostoma, Gray. Adamsiella xanthostoma, Pfeiffer. Hab. Jamaica. Of a more acuminately turreted form than usual in the genus ; this shell is further distinguished by the prominence of its spiral ridges and orange-yellow lip. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Nes On NE Av “‘In her most green recesses, to be found By all who seek her truly.’— Barry Coriwall. A, raster £ U7. oowerby, del et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp ANASTOMA. Prare iT. Genus ANASTOMA, Fischer. Testa depress? globosa, lenticularis, anfractu ultimo abrupt? transvoluto, apertura semilunari, supra spiram reversd, utringue intro dentatd, dentibus plicato-laminatis, ex- terioribus quatuor ad quingue, columellaribus duobus, labro expanso-reflewo, interdum superne perforato. Shell depressly globose, lens-shaped, last whorl abruptly turned across, aperture semilunar, turned upwards to- wards the spire, toothed within on both sides, teeth plicately laminate, outer teeth four to five, columellar teeth two, lip expandedly reflected, sometimes per- forated at the upper part. It is a curious feature in the natural history of Brazil that that country should give birth to a form of snail dif- fering from all other snails in a habit of reversing the po- Up to the for- mation of the first half of the last whorl the growth of sition of its shell on arriving at maturity. the shell proceeds as usuai, but from this point the whorl is suddenly tured across in the direction of the apex. By this new effort of the animal the shell is overturned, and the aperture is brought on a plane with the spire. The snail thenceforward crawls with its spire downwards, and base upwards. were known to Ferussac and Lamarck, 4. ringens and globulosum, the first having been known to Linnzeus. Three more species have been added by modern writers, but they are of much inferior value. 4. Deshayesianum and Two very distinct species of Anastoma Verreauxianum differ little from 4. ringens ; and A. eari- natum is probably only a variety of 4. globulosum. Species 1. (Hig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANASTOMA CARINATUM. siusculd, ad peripheriam plus minus angulato-carinald, Anast. testd orbiculari, depres- lwido-olivaced, supra peripheriam ustulato-purpureo Sasciatd, infra purpureo-rufo maculatd, anfractibus supra concentrice arcuato-slriatis, infra reticulato- corrugatis, labro superne perforato. THE KEELED ANAstoma. Shell orbiculay, rather de- pressed, more or less angularly keeled at the peri- phery, livid olive, banded above the periphery with bumnt-purple, beneath spotted with purple-red, whorls concentrically arcuately striated above, reticulately wrinkled below, lip perforated above. Preirrenr, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. p. 57. Hab. Brazil. This and 4. globulosum, which are probably varieties of one and the same species, are curiously characterized by the lip being perforated at its upper junction with the body whorl. Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming. fo) Ente} fo) ANASTOMA GLOBULOSUM. ad peripheriam nune rotundatd, nune subcarinatd, Anast. testd depresso-globosd, livido-olivaced, supra peripheriam ustulato-purpureo Jasciatd, infra purpureo-rufo lentiginosit, anfractibus supra concentrice arcuato-striatis, infra reticulato- corrugatis. THE GLOBULAR ANASTOMA. now rovaded, now slightly keeled at the periphery, livid olive, banded above the periphery with burnt- purple, freckled beneath with purple-red, whorls con- Shell depressly globose, centrically areuately striated above, reticulately wrin- kled below. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 8. p. 153. Helix ringicula, Férussac. Hab. Brazil. The examples set apart for this species are uniformly smaller and rounder than those of the preceding. Species 3. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANASTOMA RINGENS. Anast. testa depresso-orbiculari, subrude tumidd, ad peripheriam sepe subcarinatd, al- bidd, rufo-castaneo inquinatd et maculata, juxta su- turas fasciatd, supra levigatd, infra obscure corrugato- striatd. THE GRINNING ANAsTOMA. Shell depressly orbicular, rather rudely swollen, often slightly keeled at the periphery, whitish, daubed and spotted with reddish- chestnut, banded next the sutures, smooth above, obscurely wrinkle-striated beneath. Helia ringens, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. p. 1243. Tomogerus ringens, De Montford. Anostoma depressa, Lamarck. Anostoma ringens, Deshayes. Hab. Brazil. June, 1863. ANASTOMA The largest of the genus, rather rudely tumidly con- voluted, the aperture being white and conspicuously ex- panded. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANASTOMA VERREAUXIANUM. dnast. testa depresse o7r- biculari, subrudé tumidd, ad peripheriam sepe sub- carinatd, fulvescente, licido-purpurascente tinctd, rufo- castaneo sparsim maculata, supra arcuato-striatd, infra corrugato-striatd, labro livido-purpurascente. Verreaux’s Anastoma. Shell depressly orbicular, somewhat rudely swollen, often keeled at the peri- phery, fulvous, tinged with livid purple, sparingly blotched with reddish-chestnut, arcuately striated above, wrinkle-striated beneath, lip livid purple. Huek, Journ. Conch. vol. 5. p. 352. Hab. Brazil. | —Puiate I. Distinguished by its livid purple colouring, especially fo} . = . about the aperture. Species 5. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) AnastoMA DESHAYESIANUM. Anast. testd depresse or- biculari, tuimidiusculd, ad peripheriam parum canalicu- lata, albida, rufo-castaneo maculata et fasciald, supra levigatd,infra corrugato-striata, apertura subcontracta. Desnayes’ ANastoma. Shell depressly orbicular, rather swollen, but little keeled at the periphery, whitish, blotched and banded with reddish-chestnut, smooth above, wrinkle-striated beneath, aperture rather con- tracted. Fiscuer, Journ. Conch. vol. 5. p. 350. pl. 12. f. 1, 2. Hab. Brazil. This has very much the appearance of being a dwarf variety of 4. ringens. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS ale eee eC “Tt was a garden still beyond all price, Even yet it was a place of Paradise And here were coral bowers And grots of madrepores.’’—Southey N only “? i VA Gh DUID PIL Vf TPR TD AG N A. Puate I. Genus TRIDACNA, Braguiére. Testa ovata vel oblongo-ovuta, equivalvis, inequilateralis, anticé ampliter hians, radiatim pauci-costata, costis plerumque squamatis. Cardo dentibus duobus in utra- que valvod compressis, inequalibus, posticis, insertis. Ligamentum submarginale, externum. Shell ovate or oblong-ovate, largely gaping anteriorly, radiately few-ribbed, ribs generally scaled. equivalve, inequilateral, Hinge with two posterior com- pressed interlocking teeth in each valve. submarginal, external. Ligament The Tridacna, or Furbelowed Clams, one of which, T. gigas, is the largest of all mollusks, live in beds of some extent in lagunes among coral reefs, among the islands of the Eastern and Pacific seas. The shell is generally white, sometimes tinged with red and saffron or lemon-yellow, M. Quoy describes the beautiful iridescent glare of blue, violet, and yellow, variegated with fantastic markings, that is presented by these submarine parterres as seen through the clear blue water; and Mr. Cuming speaks with enthusiasm of passing over a mass of them nearly a mile in extent, which resem- bled nothing so much as a beautiful bed of tulips. With the exception of 7. gigas, from Navigators’ Is- lands, all the species of which I have the habitat, are as- signed to the Moluccas or Philippine Islands. The shells are mostly furbelowed with large high-vaulted scales, and all are white, occasionally tinged with red and saffron or lemon-yellow. The lunule of the shell is widely open for but the animal is brilhantly coloured. the passage of a foot capable of spinning a powerful ten- dinous byssus. Species 1. (Pl. I. Fig. 1a; Pl. Il. Fig. 1 4, ec, Mus. Cuming.) Tripacna GiGas. Trid. testéd maximd, antic suboblique producta, quadricostatd, costis densé squamatis, squa- mis numerosis, creberrimis, etate brevibus, plus minus obsoletis, interstitiis subobscuré radiatim liratis ; albd, intus interdum rosea. Tue Giant Trrpacna. Shell very large, rather obliquely produced anteriorly, four-ribbed, ribs densely scaled, scales numerous, close-set, short and more or less obsolete with age, interstices rather obscurely radiately ridged ; white, sometimes tinged within with rose. Chama gigas, Limeus, Syst. Nat. Gmel. edit. p. 8299. Tridacna gigas and mutica, Lamarck. Fab. Indian and Pacific seas. This colossal species, which attains the enormous size of from six to seven hundred pounds weight, may be dis- tinguished in all its stages of growth by a tendency to radiate anteriorly in an oblique direction, and by the closely-scaled character of the ribs. only four in number, and as the shell increases in age the The ribs are broad, scales become shorter, closer-set, and more obscure. In the shell represented in the opposite plate the interior is tinged with deep rose-colour. June, 1862. ' Ae ah at EY : : JP hed : : ch 7 / ers i. an seri 4 gb Sur ‘ : ag tigy 4 : ae = " : - 7 oa 7 wae : i Ae) Ly _ Ee a 7 : _ “s t= ¢ % i : = - * as 5 " 3 - f » a A Da: = ; j | = s i Pr era at « 1 ve TAS | : da os ; va _ rad wane j. dthiict ee ee , 7 : a ing © Wea isi ye y ig - 7 - toy o) . ee aed 7 -2an otk na he, 1 - =! ¢ of J a 1 : 7 f i mile a vig? win ta : , ” a = a i fim > “Pyle ’ eee 2 188 i ear ‘ La S 7 Caw im dye 7 - te “a ‘ — ay et i pe cee z Eo ee a é - = vs z/ . ig es ae = - = « LP i 5 4 4 i; Pe ee eee y «2 ' i ; yee Yorn i vim ‘ 7 - q mp aie 2 9 4= Oey) i = : =f a ay | +) Berg LAmre @ + Dts at Sb 7 a ’ ; i * f # ' i - gta ier t _ = - * - : : + « 4 } se Be i iy es : : 2 - Tie a : =! ~ is 7 bd - i i > a =. Tridacna PLM. Vincent Brooks, imp del.et hth Sowerby IRS RE DrACe NA: Prate II. Species 1. (Fig. 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) The shells here figured represent the great 7. gigas in an early stage of growth. At first, Fig. 14, the scales are lofty, very regular, and neatly-defined. Presently they become eroded and worn down, whilst the successive ad- ditions of scales, as shown at Fig. 1c, are shorter and closer set. Plate I., the development of the scales is reduced to a mere crowded incrustation of rude layers of growth. Lastly, as in the specimen represented in Species 2. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) TRIDACNA ELONGATA. Trid. testé ovato-oblongd, anticé elongato-productd, quinque- ad sex-costatd, costis con- vexis, regulariter et subconfertim squamatis, inter- stitiis inter costas biliratis, iter squamas levibus ; alba vel citrind. THE ELONGATED Tripacna. Shell ovately oblong, an- teriorly elongately produced, five- to six-ribbed, ribs convex, regularly and rather closely scaled, interstices between the ribs two-ridged, between the scales smooth ; white or lemon-yellow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vil. p. 9. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. The elongately-produced growth of this species gives a peculiarly gibbous form to the shell; and it retains this characteristic contour in all stages. In the British Mu- seum there is a specimen of quite colossal dimensions, of precisely the same form. ‘The scales are very regularly set throughout the ribs in neatly-defined furbelows. June, 1862. ‘ i = whe acai “sinh a sect eins west Wi wpe weet 1H , ; Ae . Rae brs, pale Tht Ae heuit Tut evs ae P 7 alts poiiaea areal hivpretert | eR OTe sapait : aeriibete iat Bolpatiheett: » tht Te tag 1 tree aa ae ait apie Res alite: 02 ati: air. gored 7 : = ee = silty = [Frater “tr wiht Gea milk - 7 Gd ret Hie Pe ae end «ee Hs 7 aby 4 eEhMlel whilg plist an Syig t katie’ sek 48 eragre. i 2 Aeeing-gilggeene ait _ 3 3 a teh Fy Bek 30a alt 08 5 eit Spite pL aN) rier mk © aE deditbedpal. . wtyule ly ni oen OTe ; od “sine SO DD hae eling arate wR 8 bP hy Wid All t vais! fig rae: meres erty. oubaae eee ra 2 iF wailed Vuh fasted 2c) farts oa ait SAP sumnbsaaiei ; ‘ - be , : rc 2 , , . t - one 7 fe ' A a ‘ r. = i 8 a q y.? . = 7 5S i is ¥ _ f } . ee i > =9 i % z 4 7 a 7 t _ . ae a ‘ es j MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Ao ONe ba ae “Therefore bear you the lantern.” —Shakespeare a ~~ fy eM iit 0 Gul Pereh Uae ff Ve eed Meee enon sty 7 LA Anati ~ Vincent Brooks, fay J j NIN AReT DENGAN, Puate I. Genus ANATINA, Lamarck. Testa aquivalvis, inequilateralis, tennis, hyalina, argenteo- alba, levigata, interdum circa umbones concentricé pli- cata, versus margines plus minus granulata, granulis ad latus posticum in lineam de umbonibus abrupte cessan- tibus, latere antico rotundato, postico in rostrum ex- pansum plerumque producto, lateribus ambobus hianti- bus. Cardo processu cochleariformi, septo obliquo sus- tentato, in utrdque valvd, ligamentum continente, com- positus. Shell equivalve, inequilateral, thin, hyaline, silvery white, smooth, sometimes concentrically plicated around the umboes, more or less granulated towards the margins, granules abruptly ceasing at the posterior side in a line from the umboes, anterior side rounded, posterior generally produced into a pouted beak ; both sides gaping. Hinge composed of a spoon- shaped process, supported by an oblique septum, in each valve, containing the ligament. An interesting genus of the Mya tribe, ranging along the eastern shores of the eastern hemisphere from Japan to Tasmania, and even to the Antarctic Ocean, with very little variation in the general typical character of the shell. There are, however, two well-marked forms of Anatina, one in which the posterior side of the shell is broadly truncated, as in 4. truncata and elliptica, the other, much the more numerous in species, in which the posterior side is produced into a pouted beak, gaping, of course, in both forms for the passage of the siphons, which are united throughout their length in one sheath. The shell of Ana- tima is invariably thin and hyaline, and of a silvery white- ness, crowded towards the margins with fine grains, which abruptly cease on the posterior side where the shell com- mences to be beaked, that is to say, on a constricted line sloping from the umboes. The hinge of Anatina is cémposed of a prominent spoon-shaped process in each valve, developed rather ob- liquely in a direction posterior to centre, and supported by a firm septum. ‘There is also a fine linear septum in front of it, and both radiate towards the interior, The hinge processes work upon each other with the aid and action of a contained elastic ligament. Of the thirty species described in the following mono- graph the habitats of twenty-two are known. Two are from Japan, six from the Philippines and Moluceas, one from Borneo, one from Ceylon, eleven from Australia and Tasmania, and one, a very remarkable species, from the island of New South Shetland, in the Antaretie Ocean. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) ANnaTINA Cuminatt. Anat. testd ovata, tumidiusculd, tenui, hyalind, versus marginem posticum profuse granulatd, latere antico compresse rotundato, postico constricto-rostrato, concentrice corrugato, expanso- Maante. Cumina’s ANATINA. Shell ovate, rather swollen, thin, hyaline, profusely granulated towards the posterior margin, anterior side compressly rounded, posterior constrictedly beaked, concentrically wrinkled, not granulated, expandedly gaping. VALENCIENNES, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ——? This elegant species is chiefly distinguished by its con- strictedly pouted posterior extremity bemg concentrically wrinkled. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA sIPHONATA. Anat, testd subabbreviato-ovati, medio tumidd, tenui, hyalind, circa umbones concen- tricé plicatd, versus marginem posticum profuse gra- nulatd, latere antico rotundato, postico attenuato et constricto-rostrato, remote concentrice corrugato, haud granulato, subtubuloso-hiante. Tur spourep Anatina. Shell rather shortly ovate, swollen in the middle, thin, hyaline, concentrically plicated around the umboes, profusely granulated to- wards the posterior margin, anterior side rounded, posterior attenuated, and constrictedly beaked, dis- tantly concentrically wrinkled, not granulated, some- what tubularly gaping. Hab. Borneo. Allied to the preceding species, but a shorter form, with the posterior extremity even more attenuated and con- strictedly pouted. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA BULLATA. bosd, subhyalind, concentricé subrugoso-striatd, latere Anat. testé subquadrato-ovald, gib- antico late tumido-truncato, postico attenuato, fleruoso- rostrato. February, 1863. ANATINA.—Puate I. Tue BUBBLE ANATINA. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, gibbous, subhyaline, concentrically rather rugosely striated, anterior side broadly tumidly truncated, posterior side attenuated, flexuously beaked. VALENCIENNES, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Sibonga, Island of Zebu, Philippines (in fine sand, at the depth of thirty fathoms) ; Cuming. Of a characteristic flexuous growth, broadly tumidly truncated in front. Species 4. (Mus, Cuming.) Anat. testdé ovatd, sub- hyalind, versus margines profuse granulata, lateribus ANATINA VALENCIENNESII. laté rotundatis, postico subconstricto, hiante, margini- bus via expansis. VALENCIENNES ANATINA. Shell ovate, subhyaline, profusely granulated towards the margins, sides broadly rounded, posterior a little constricted, gaping, margins scarcely expanded. Hab, China. In this fine species there is only a faint constriction of the posterior extremity, the granules, which are very crowded towards the margins, cease, as usual, very ab- ruptly at the line of constriction. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Anat. tenui, hyalina, crassée granulatd, circa umbones plicato- ANATINA FLEXUOSA. testa subelongato-ovata, corrugata, latere antico rotundato, subproducto, pos- tico flewuoso-attenuato, rostrato, modice hiante. THE FLEXUOUS ANATINA. Shell rather elongately ovate, thin, hyaline, coarsely granulated, plicately wrinkled round the umboes, anterior side rounded, rather produced, posterior flexuously attenuated, beaked, moderately gaping. Hab. Japan. Well distinguished in being plicately wrinkled around the umboes, while the posterior extremity is peculiarly flexuously attenuated. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA SUBROSTRATA. Anat. tenui, hyalind, plus minus granulatd, latere antico ro- testa oblongo-ovatd, tundato, postico laté expanso-rostrato. THE SLIGHTLY-BEAKED ANatTINA. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, hyaline, more or less granulated, anterior side rounded, posterior broadly expandedly beaked. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 78. Solen anatinus, Linneus. 2) Hab. In this shell, which M. Valenciennes, from a com- parison probably with Lamarck’s type, set apart in Mr. Cuming’s collection as the species under consideration, the posterior extremity is peculiarly largely beaked. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA LATERNA. Anat. testd subquadrato-oblongé, compressiusculd, hyalind, profuse granulatd, latere antico rotundato, postico fleruoso-truncato, via ros- trato. THE LANTERN ANATINA. Shell somewhat squarely ob- long, rather compressed, hyaline, profusely granu- lated, anterior side rounded, posterior flexuously truncated, scarcely beaked. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 77. Hab. North Australia. A beautifully delicate shell of firm growth, rather com- pressed, with only a moderately beaked flexuous gaping of the posterior extremity. 2 ate, Vey ony Bde eB s Jains Nia, oe Pte Py » ee ane, fe. ied pat 8 ye anhalt Hh hh oor, Per ae ee gt Oi alg EOF Saas et Saal ieee MN ah ay dratirna Lt Vincent Brooks, imp owerby, d SI Ne Noite tN Als Puate II, Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA ANSERIFERA. Anat. testd subquadrato-oblongd, hyalind, concentricé modicé rugoso-lineata, plus minus granulata, lateribus subequalibus, hiantibus, antico vix longiore, subyuadrato-rotundato, postico oblique rotun- dato. THE GOOSE-BILL ANATINA. Shell somewhat squarely oblong, hyaline, concentrically rugosely ineated, more or less granuled, sides nearly equal, moderately gaping, the anterior scarcely the longer, squarely rounded, the posterior obliquely rounded. anserifera, Spengler, Schrift. Nat. Ges. zu Copenha- gen, vol. iii. p. 32. n. 8; Chemn. Conch. Cab. vol. x1. p- 193. vign. 26. 4, B. Solen Spengleri, Gmelin. Hab. Tasmania; R. C. Gunn. Mya A comparatively smooth shell with the sides nearly equal. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA GRACILIS. Anat. testd angustée oblongd, subcy- lindraced, hyalina, levigatd, copiosé minuté granulata, granulis ad latus anticum gradatim evanidis, lateribus subequalibus, ambobus rotundatis, modicé hiantibus, antico subattenuato. THE SLENDER ANATINA. Shell narrowly oblong, some- what cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, copiously minutely granulated, granules gradually fading on the anterior side, sides nearly equal, both rounded, moderately gaping, the anterior rather attenuated. Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. The sides of this species are nearly equal, the valves are narrowly gibbous, comparatively free from concentric wrinkles, but copiously minutely granulated. The gra- nules, though disappearing on the anterior side, do not end, as in most species, in an abrupt linear angle. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA MARILINA. Anat. testa suboblongo-quadrata, hyalind, submargaritaced, versus marginem conspicue lirato-rugata et granulatd, valvis subequalibus, utrin- que compresse rotundatis, parum hiantibus. | Tue aso ANaTINA. Shell rather oblong-square, hyaline, rather pearly, conspicuously wrinkle-ridged and gra- nulated towards the margin, valves nearly equal, compressly rounded at each end, but little gaping. VALENCIENNES, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Australia. Compared with the allied species, the valves of this are unusually equal, and but little gaping, the shell has, more- over, a more pearly aspect. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA TRUNCATA. a = 2 noep Z Beep compressa, hyalina, solidiusculd, concentricé rude ru- Anat. testé elongato-oblongad, sub- gata, granulatd, granulis ad latus anticum abrupte evanidis, lateribus subequalibus, antico quadrato-trun- cato, valde hiante, postico compressé rotundato, modice hiante. THE TRUNCATED ANaTINA. Shell elongately oblong, rather compressed, hyaline, rather solid, concentri- cally rudely wrinkled, granulated, granules abruptly fading on the anterior side, sides nearly equal, an- terior squarely truncated, largely gaping, posterior compressly rounded, moderately gaping. Lamaxck, Anim. sans. vert. vol. vi. p. 77. Anatina olorina, Valenciennes. Hab. Bay of Manila, Philippines (at low water); Cuming. This well-marked species, which I take to be Lamarck’s A. truncata, was collected in great abundance by Mr. Cuming in the Bay of Manila. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA CRECCINA. Anat. testa subelongato-oblonga, ceylindraced, tenur, hyalind, minute granulatd, prope umbones sublate oblique rugatd, latere antico attenuato- rostrata, rotundato-hiante, extremitatibus reflexis, pos- lico compressiusculo, modice hiante, extremitatibus con- centrice rugatis. THE ROUGH-BILL ANATINA. Shell rather elongately ob- long, cylindrical, thin, hyaline, minutely granulated, rather broadly obliquely wrinkled near the umboes, anterior side attenuately beaked, rotundately gaping, December 1860. ANATINA—Ptatre IT. extremities reflected, posterior side rather com- | pressed, moderately gaping, extremities concentri- cally wrinkled. VaLencrennes, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Adelaide, South Australia (in sandy mud, at a depth of ten fathoms). Younger specimens of this species in Mr. Cuming’s collection, show its characteristics better than the adult. An apparently slight but important specific character con- sists in the presence of a few faint, oblique, not concentric, wrinkles near the umbo of each valve; and the species inclines to be of a rather narrow cylindrically oblong form, with the anterior extremities beaked in a rather confined rotundately pouting manner. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA BOSCHASINA. inflata, hyalind, concentricé corrugato-liratd, granulatd, Anat. testé subtrigono-oblongd, granulis ad latus anticum abrupte evanidis, latere an- tico attenuato, modice hiante, extremitatibus subreflexis, postico lato, subyloboso, vix hiante. Boscu’s ANatiINA. Shell somewhat triangularly oblong, inflated, hyaline, concentrically wrinkle-ridged, gra- nulated, granules abruptly disappearing on the ante- rior side, anterior side attenuated, moderately gaping, extremities slightly reflected, posterior side broad, rather globose, scarcely gaping. VaLencrennes, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Negros, Philippines (found in mud at low water); Cuming. Rather more attenuated on the anterior side than usual, which attenuation contrasts very perceptibly with the somewhat globosely inflated posterior side. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA ELLIPTICA. trapeziformi, crassiusculd, opaco-albd, rudé concentrice rugosa, intus pallide prismaticd, latere antico latissimé truncato, valde hiante, postico rotundato, parum hiante. Tue ELLIPTIC ANatTINA. Shell shortly oblong, subtra- peziform, rather thick, opaque white, rudely concen- trically wrinkled, faintly prismatic in the interior, anterior side very broad, largely gaping, posterior rounded, slightly gaping. Kine and Bropertp, Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 335, Anatina prismatica, Sowerby. Hab. New South Shetland, Antarctic Ocean ; Lieut. Ken- dal, Dr. Eights. An interesting broadly truncated Panopea-like species, with aremarkably large anterior gape. The specimen from which our figure is taken, was found on the beach at New South Shetland after a gale of wind, by Dr. Eights of Philadelphia, and described by Mr. Sowerby in the Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society for 1834. A specimen had, however, been previously brought to England by Captain King, to whom it had been presented by Lieu- tenant Kendal, of H.M.S. Chanticleer, who found it in the very same locality. This specimen, which is in the Bri- tish Museum, was described by King and Broderip in the Zoological Journal for 1830-31, and figured by Dr. Gray in Griffith’s Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, pl. xxii. f. 3. Anat. testa abbreviato-oblongd, sub- Anatina Pl. ; Sowerby,del. etlith. ; Vincent Brooks NaN Acs RoDSINi AS. Prate TLL. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA CISTELLA. Anat. testd quadrato-oblongd, sub- compressd, tenuiculd, hyalind, nisi ad latus anticum copiose granulatd, latere postico compress subrostrato, modice hiante, antico late rotundato, vir hiante. [up casket ANATINA. Shell squarely oblong, some- what compressed, rather thin, hyaline, copiously granulated except at the posterior side, anterior side compressly slightly beaked, moderately gaping, an- terior side broadly rounded, scarcely gaping. Hab. Moluccas. Of a distinct squarely oblong form, broad and rather compressed. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA ATTENUATA. Anat. testd elongato-oblongd, sub- angustd, tenui, hyalind, nisi ad latus anticum copiose granulata, latere postico attenuato, subtubuloso, antico latiore, rotundato. Tun arreNuATED ANATINA. Shell elongately oblong, rather narrow, thin, hyaline, copiously granulated, except at the anterior side, posterior side attenuated, somewhat tubulous, anterior side broader, rounded. Hab, Sydney. Of a rather narrow, elongated growth, the posterior side being attenuated and inclined to be tubular. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) Anatina BuaINvILLEr. Anat. testd oblongo-ovatd, sub- flecuosd, tenui, hyalina, minute granulatd, latere postico subproducto, subrostrato, tubuloso-hiante, antico sub- attenuato, rotundato. BLaINVILLE’s ANATIN Shell oblong-ovate, rather flexuous, thin, hyaline, minutely granuled, posterior side rather produced, slightly beaked, tubularly gap- ing, anterior side rather attenuated, rounded. Vatenciennes, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines (in sandy mud at a depth of from ten to twenty fathoms) ; Cuming. A. Very thin and transparent, of a rather narrow sub- flexuous form. THE PoUTING ANATINA. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Awatina constricra. Anat. testé subquadrato-oblongd, compressiusculd, hyalind, minutissime granulatd, latere postico breviusculo, curvato, constricto-rostrato, tubu- loso-hiante, antico producto, late hiante. THE CONSTRICTED ANATINA. oblong, rather compressed, hyaline, very minutely granuled, posterior side rather short, curved, cou- strictedly beaked, tubularly gaping, anterior side pro- duced, broadly rounded, scarcely gaping. Hab. North Australia. rotundato, cia Shell somewhat squarely An oblong beaked form, in which the beak is move than usually constricted. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA LABIATA. evimie hyalind, minutissimé granulatd, latere postico Anat. testi oblongo-ovata, tenui, abrupte flecuoso-attenuato, marginibus tubuloso-expan- sis, antico rotundato. Shell oblong-ovate, thin, de- licately hyaline, very minutely granulated, posterior side abruptly flexuously attenuated, with the margins tubularly pouted, anterior side rounded. Hab. Ceylon; E. L. Layard. An extremely delicate species, very abruptly tubularly attenuated at the posterior end, with the margins expan- dedly pouted, varying in character as in the two specimens figured. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA TASMANICA. longa, compressiusculd, subhyalind, subobsolete granu- Anat. testd subequilaterali, ob- lata, lateribus rotundatis, parum hiantibus, postico sub- angustiore. Tue TasMANIAN ANATINA. oblong, rather compressed, subhyaline, rather obso- letely granulated, sides rounded, but little gaping, posterior rather the narrower. Shell nearly equilateral, Hab. Tasmania. A shell of very simple character, in which the sides are nearly equal. February, 1863. ray a “ai it re wei, dene’ rida nie Anatina Pl IV: 2. Sowerby, del. et lith Vincent Brooks,Imp. Ae Ne Neder NIE AY, Puate IV. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA NAVICULA. bost, hyalind, granoso-scabrosd, lateribus rotundatis, Anat. subequilaterali, oblonga, gib- parum hiantibus, antico sublatiore, obtuse tum 'do- truncato, Tue Boat Anatina. Shell nearly equilateral, oblong, gibbous, hyaline, granosely scabrous, sides rounded, but little gaping, anterior side rather the broader, obtusely tumidly truncated. Fab. > An oblong gibbous shell, with very much the form of . Novaculina. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA FABA. Anat. testd ovatd, utrinque attenuata, tenuissima, hyalind, concentricé striato-liratd, latere postico flecuoso-rostrato, vix hiante. Tur BEAN ANATINA. Shell ovate, attenuated at each end, very thin, hyaline, concentrically striately ridged, posterior side flexuously beaked, scarcely gaping. Hab. Brisbane, east coast of New Holland. A small Nucula-shaped species, very thin and trans- parent, but distinctly concentrically striately ridged, the posterior side is attenuately flexuously beaked, scarcely gaping. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA AMPHORA. Anat. testd ovatd, medio ventricosd, tenui, hyalind, concentrice striato-liratd, latere postico abrupte rostrato, tubuloso-hiante, marginibus exsertis, antico attenuato-rotundato. Tue PIrcHER ANATINA. Shell ovate, ventricose in the middle, thin, hyaline, concentrically striately ridged, posterior side abruptly beaked, tubularly gaping, mar- gins pouted, anterior side attenuately rounded. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippines. A delicately transparent, concentrically ridged species, broadly ventricose in the middle, in which the posterior | side is very abruptly beaked and pouted. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA RECTA. Anat. testa subequilaterali, elongato- oblonga, recta, sordidé alba, lateribus rotundatis, pos- tico subobsoleté concentricé corrugato, antico latiore ; subexpanso, lateribus ambobus modice hiantibus. THE sTRAIGHT ANATINA. Shell nearly equilateral, elon- gately oblong, straight, dull white, sides rounded, pos- terior rather obsoletely concentrically wrimkled, an- terior broader, slightly expanded, both sides moderately gaping. Tab. Port Phillip, Australia. A straight, nearly equilateral species, gaping at both ends, with the margins inclined to expand. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA corrUGATA. Anat. testd oblonga, subangustd, tenui, hyalina, latere postico concentrice corrugato, altenuato-truncato, modice hiante, antico subventricoso, rotundato, modicé hiante. THE WRINKLED ANATINA,. Shell oblong, rather narrow, thin, hyaline, posterior side concentrically wrinkled, attenuately truncated, moderately gaping, anterior rather ventricose, rounded, moderately gaping. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (in coral sand at a depth of about six fathoms) ; Cuming. The posterior side is in this species attenuately truncated in form, and faintly but distinctly wrinkled. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) AwatINA vaGina. Anat. testd oblongo-ovatd, curvata, tennissimd, hyalind, copiose minute granulatd, latere postico breviusculo, constricto-rostrato, tubuloso-hiante, marginibus expansis, antico compresse rotundato, parum hiante. ‘THe SHEATH ANATINA. thin, hyaline, copiously minutely grained, posterior side rather short, constrictedly beaked, tubularly gaping, margins pouted, anterior compressly rounded, Shell oblong-ovate, curved, very but little gaping. | Hab. Moreton Bay, Australia. A very delicate hyaline shell, of characteristic form, the February, 1863. ANATINA.—Puate IV. posterior side being short, constrictedly beaked and pouted, but not angled. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA LImicoLA. Anat. testa subequilaterali, cylin- draceo-oblongd, argenteo-hyalind, levigatd, latere pos- tico abrupte truncato, ampliter hiante, antico latiore, tumido, rotundato, parum hiante. THE MUD-DWELLING ANATINA. Shell nearly equilateral, cylindrically oblong, silvery hyaline, smooth, posterior side abruptly truncated, largely gaping, anterior side broader, swollen, rounded, but little gaping. Hab. Japan. Closely allied to .4. ¢runcata, of the Philippine Islands, and equally abundant, perforating the mud in all diree- tions. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA GRACILIS. Anat. elongato-pyriformi, tenuissimd, hyalina, concentricé striato-lirata, latere postico con- stricto-rostrato, rostro attenuato-producto, antico tu- mido-expanso, rotundato. Tue sLenper Anatina. Shell elongately pear-shaped, very thin, hyaline, concentrically striately, ridged, posterior side constrictedly beaked, beak attenuately produced, anterior tumidly expanded, rounded. Hab. Port Curtis, Australia. A very thin, transparent shell, remarkable for the at- tenuated prolongation of the beaked posterior side. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA ARGENTEA. argented, hyalina, latere postico constricto-attenuato, viz rostrato, modice hiante, antico rotundato, parum hiante. THE SILVERY ANATINA. Shell ovate, thin, smooth, silvery, hyaline, posterior side constrictedly attenuated, scarcely beaked, moderately gaping, anterior side rounded, but little gaping. By Anat. testa ovata, tenui, levigata, Hab. This species differs from all others in having the posterior side constrictedly attenuately produced, with very little inclination to become beaked. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) ANATINA EXIMIA. Anat. testa ovatd, curvatd, tenui, hya- lind, circa umbones eximié plicatd, latere postico con- stricto-attennato, rostralo, hiante, marginibus sub- expansis, antico arcuato-rotundato, modice hiante. THE DELICATE ANATINA. Shell ovate, hyaline, neatly plicated round the umboes, posterior side constrictedly attenuated and beaked, gaping, margins a little pouted, anterior side arcuately rounded, moderately gaping. Hab. ? curved, thin, An elegantly curved shell, attenuately beaked on the posterior side, with the margins a little pouted. ANATINA; Plate. Species. Plate. Species. amphora, Reeve ............ IVE 23 pracilis;eeves «10, acts seine le 9 ansewfera (Mya), Spengler.... II. 8 labiatary ecg ts «ec tte erp Il. 19 aroenbea, Eve (2. \1ecee see el= Avis 29 latemnaylamarchoes sire ae I. 7 attenuata, Reeve............ III. 16 limicola; Rene: |oncrcteete alaey eS 27 Blainvillei, Valenciennes...... ILI. 19; maritima, Valenciennes ...... INE ; 10 Boschasina, Valenciennes...... IL. 13 navicula, Reeve......... ae IV. 21 bullata, Valenciennes ........ I. 3 olorina, Valenciennes ........ II. 11 cistellaxheevein as.ce se eccees UUM 15 prismatica, Sowerby ......... II. 14 Con UiZaeesonsaceees ll 18 prolongata, Reeve .......... IV. 28 corrugata, Reeve............ IV. 25 NEGUS MARCEUVES.. Hiacutelc eS ane Ae 24 creecina, Valenciennes........ Te 12 siphonata, Reeve............ | 2 Cumineii, Valenciennes....... iT. i subrostrata, Lamarch ........- I. 6 elliptica, Aing and Broderip... II. 14 Tasmantca, Reeves... eae Ls 20 EXIMIan-teebe ne. tas aren Mavs 30 truncata, Lamarck .......... Il. ul fabawACeremerr ical aseter ei) mile 22 VACINAs CCUG) iatereissisicyeievoe ejeroeee) UV 26 HEX OSA, YREEDEI sina tse olla cis same ls 5 Valenciennesii, Reeve ........ I; 4 ERRATUM. Plate 1V. Sp. 28. For 4. gracilis, Reeve, read 4. prolongata, Reeve. q ail 4 a Es i - Pd ‘ = ‘ E . . : : ' = 2 , - er eat ’ ay t . tre : usta - + i _ cg > . ; \ ‘ \ iy My 4 * = ' - 1 . 7 MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS teat “Orne 1A]. “ My instruction may serve to naturalize thee.’ — Shakespeare. Tugonia PLL. Sowerby, del etlith. Vincent Brooks, hnp GOV NG A, Pirate I. Genus TUGONTA, Gray. Testa equivalvis, valde inequilateralis, plus minus globosa, opaco-alba, solidiuscula, radiatim tenuilirata vel stri- ata, liris ad aream anticam interdum desinentibus, latere antico perampliter gibboso, postico brevissimo, coarctuto-rostrato, hiante, orificio rotundo, marginibus callosis. Cardo processu parvo cochleariformi, septo brevi perobliquo sustentato, in utraque valvd, ligamen- tum continente, compositus. Shell equivalve, very inequilateral, more or less globose, opake-white, rather solid, radiately finely ridged or striated, ridges sometimes wanting on the anterior area, anterior side very largely gibbous, posterior very short, contractedly beaked, gaping, orifice round, with the margins callous. Hinge composed of a small spoon-shaped process, supported by a short very ob- lique septum in each valve containing the ligament. The genus Zugonia was founded by Dr. Gray for the reception of a characteristic form of Anatina inhabiting the west coast of Africa, originally described by Adanson, in his ‘Natural History of Senegal,’ with the name Le Tugon. curiously gibbously globose, with the posterior extremity The shell is of a rather solid opake substance, contracted, where the siphonic sheath of the animal is exserted, into a conspicuous subtubularly-beaked orifice. Adanson mistook it for the shell of a Pholas. Chemnitz, who, as shown by his admirable figures (Conch. Cab. vol. vi. pl. 2. f. 13-16), possessed specimens, described it as living in abundance near the mouth of the Niger, and named it “The Guinea Mya anatina.’ The genus is, however, rare in collections, and Mr. Cuming has obtained no pre- cise information of its habitat. The specimens in his collec- tion given in the accompanying Plate, appear to represent six species, varying in form and convexity and in the details of sculpture. some the radiating ridges abruptly terminate on the pos- terior side at a line sloping from the umbo. Five of the species are from West Africa, one from Ceylon. Some are radiately ridged throughout ; in Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) TuGonta GUINEENSIS. alba, radiatim tenuiliratd, liris striis concentricis sub- Tug. testa globosd, gibbosissimd, obsolete fenestratis, striis anticis versus marginem evant- dis, latere antico peramplo, postico abrupte rostrato. Tue Guinea Tuconta. Shell globose, very gibbous, white, radiately finely ridged, ridges somewhat obso- letely latticed with concentric strie, anterior strice fading towards the margin, anterior side very large, posterior abruptly beaked. Le tugon, Adanson, Hist. Nat. Coq. du Senegal, pl. 19. f. 2. Mya anatina, pars, Gmelin. Mya anatina Guineensis, Chemnitz. Anatina globulosa, Lamarck. Mya tugon, Deshayes. Hab. West coast of Africa. M. Deshayes proposed to adopt the French appellative of Adanson for the name of this species, but such a com- pound is unclassical. Chemnitz was the first to distin- guish the shell specifically from those included by the older writers under the general term of Mya anatina. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Tuagonia pivaricata. Zug. testd subquadrato-ovald, candida, radiatin minutissimé lineari incisd, versus marginen posticum nitide divaricatim corrugatd, latere antico rotundato, postico late subangulato-rostrato. THE pivaricate TuGontra. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, white, radiately very minutely linearly engraved, towards the posterior margin prettily divaricately wrinkled, anterior side rounded, posterior broadly subangularly beaked. Hab. Ceylon; EB. L. Layard. Of quite a distinct type from the West African species, the shell being apparently smooth, but under the lens mi- nutely radiately engraved, while towards the posterior and posterior-ventral margins it is sculptured with very cha- _ racteristic divaricating wrinkles. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) TUGONIA COMPRESSA. versus marginen compressa, lutescente-albd, undique Tug. testé suborbiculari-ovata, radiatim liratd, liris irregularibus, striis concentricis celathratis et tenue crenulatis, latere antico peramplo, postico brevissimo, late rostrato. Tue compresseD TuGonta. Shell suborbicularly ovate, compressed towards the margin, yellowish-white, ra- February, 1863. TUGONIA.—Ptate I. diately ridged throughout, ridges irregular, latticed and finely crenulated with concentric striz, anterior side very large, posterior very short, broadly beaked. Hab. West Africa. The shell is in this species comparatively rather com- pressed, while the radiating ridges are stronger, crenulated on the summit, finely latticed in the interstices. Species 4. (Fig. 4a, Mus. Cuming.) TuGonta sEmMIsuLcaTa. Tug. testd oblique globosd, gib- bosd, alba, radiatim tenuiliratd, liris striis concentricis minute dense clathratis, area anticad sine liris radian- tibus, latere postico modicé rostrato. HALF-GROOVED TuGonIA. Shell obliquely globose, gibbous, white, radiately finely ridged, ridges mi- nutely closely latticed with concentric striz, anterior area without radiating striee, posterior side mode- rately beaked. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll. vol. ii. p. 355. Hab. West Africa. The anterior area of this and the following species is sculptured with concentric ridges, bat the radiating ridges THE are wanting. They cease at the side, in a line sloping from the umbo. The grooved contraction of the specimen here represented, as seen in the upper part of the figure, is merely an accident of growth. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Tucon1a Nosiurs. Tug. testd globoso-oblongd, anticé gibbosd, alba, radiatim tenuilirata, liris densé clathra- tis ad latera obsoletis, latere antico obtuse angulato, postico truncato-rostrato. Tne nopie Tuconta. Shell globosely oblong, ante- riorly gibbous, white, radiately finely ridged, ridges closely latticed, obsolete at the sides, anterior side obtusely angled, posterior truncately beaked. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll. vol. ii. p. 355. Hab. West Africa. This species scarcely differs from 7’. anatina, except in being of a more oblong form. Species 6. (Fig. 46, Mus. Cuming.) TUGONIA SIPHONATA. undique radiatim liratd, liris confertis, irregularibus, minute crenulatis, latere antico gibboso, peramplo, pos- tico subproducto, eapanso-rostrato. Tur spourrp TuGonta. Shell obliquely globose, white, everywhere radiately ridged, ridges close, irregular, minutely crenulated, anterior side gibbous, very large, posterior rather produced, pointedly beaked. Hab. West Africa. It will be observed by the numbering of this species that it was taken originally to be a variety of 7. semisul- cata, but the radiating ridges, as in 7. compressa, range throughout; they do not stop short of the anterior area. Tug. testé oblique globosd, albd, MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CHAMOSTREA. “They that go down to the sea in ships, and occupy their business in great waters ; These men see the works of the Lord, and his wonders in the deep.” — Psalms. ‘ aA ~*~. Chamostrea PLL. j jee See ee Sowerby deLet lith Vincent Brooks, ly CHAMOSTREA. Puate I. Genus CHAMOSTREA, De Roissy. Testa valde inequivalvis, valde inequilateralis, umbonibus in- volutis, latere postico acute trigono, antico plano, ad- haerente ; valved dextrad perampliter trigono-convexé, sinistrad planiusculd, operculoided. Cardo dente purvo solido erecto in valvd sinistra in fossulam valve deatrae intrante, fossuldque allerd ligamentum cum ossiculo continente, ligamento elongato etiam ad marginem. Shell very inequivalve, very inequilateral, with the umboes involute, posterior side sharply triangular, anterior flat, adhering; right valve very large, triangularly convex, the left rather flat, id-hke. Hinge composed of a small solid erect tooth in the left valve, entering into a pit in the right valve, behind which there is another pit containing elastic ligament, with an os- sicle attached ; there is also a marginal ridge of liga- ments. The animal of this curious Australian bivalve has been described by Albany Hancock, but it is not at all clear that the place assigned to it in the family of Anatinide is correct. The shell is of very solid growth, flatly adhering to foreign bodies by the right valve, which is deeply tri- angular convex, while the left valve, which forms a lid to it, is of very peculiar growth. The posterior portion of this valve is developed, and corresponds with, the free posterior portion of the right valve, and is of the same concentri- cally striated growth, but the anterior portion of the left valve, which is developed with the adhering portion of the right valve, presents an abrupt change of growth, having a crisped wrinkled surface, with the lines of increase ranging obliquely. The hinge of Chamostrea is unique in structure. In the left valve is a blunt erect tooth, fitting into a pit in the right valve, beside which, in each valve, there is another pit containing ligament with a shelly appendage or ossicle, quite distinct from the shell, attached to it. The valves open and shut with the aid of this moving ossicle, and in | opening dried specimens of the shell it will be found ad- hering to ligament either in the hgamentary pit of the right or left valve as accident may direct. In the speci- men represented in the accompanying Plate, at Fig. 1 4 and 1c, the ossicle may be seen adhering to the ligament in the left valve. At Fig 1d it is again given by itself. Along the margin above the hinge is an auxiliary more elongated portion of ligament. In Fig. 1 ¢ it may be seen com- mencing in a dark curve above the tooth-pit. Lamarck, on the authority of M. Leschenault, gives Java as the habitat of this shell, but this must be a inis- take. The only satisfactorily authenticated habitats are east. coast of New Holland and New Hebrides. Fig. 1 ¢ shows the mode in which specimens adhere to one another. Species 1. (Fig. a, 6, c, d, e, Mus. Cuming.) CHAMOSTREA ALBIDA. Cham. testd trigono-globosd, solidd, purpureo-rosed et fulod, valvé dextra concentricé ru- goso-striatd, valve sinistre dimidio postico concentricé rugoso-striato, altero obliqué peculiariter crispato-cor- rugato. THE WHITISH CHaMOosTRRA. Shell triangularly globose, solid, purple-rose and fulvous, right valve concentri- cally roughly striated, posterior half of the left valve concentrically roughly striated, the other half ob- liquely peculiarly crispately wrinkled. Chama albida, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 585. Chamostrea albida, De Roissy. Cleidotherus Chamoides, Stutchbury. Cleidotherus albidus, Deshayes. Hab. Sydney, New Hebrides. The Australian specimens of this genus are strongly hinged and rayed with purple-rose. The specimens in Mr. Cuming’s collection from New Hebrides, one of which is given at Fig. 1 a, are uniformly pale and livid. February, 1863. - ) ake 32a s 7 “ti ; Q eA . 4 : - al - ; e | an At giregs ¢ . . : ? i re naa jl ve ala ee i gis! me ind) Gee pO eeu 2 Ie trina ail: ar’ Stand 7 ee - ale wpe, — - eel 7 7 9 Jeu.’ 38 _ _ [a 7 wag ees a , 7 — 7 > on ‘ei. ral : = ora ~~? ig pate q : oN : A= Ps | i? ne iy saath “wh sé Ae nee is 1 x oar ere rane 7 oe ¢ , asi ' Ppa 4 cle ‘ : Ssuith 1 oy 7 7 =a ay die what 7 a on 7 n : - y ie. iM > _ ve id a i J a : : ry = 7% 5 x ay . pod pal eet alae ee ee ee eee , ; ne es Oe Mm OD thy deine 4 The oH 8 mo ry as Pe _ bh Lae 7 ; - oi Hota] ' — ot ATH im Seyi siya ® 7 ae. alleen oe oie a ' eet MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS Vegk NaS. “And in the symmetry of their parts is found A power, like that of harmony in sound.’ —Johaston Venus PLL. Pociedl Sta 8 ab 2 LL rds egies Sowerby, del et Lith Vincent. Brooks, Imp. VENUS. PLATE J. Genus VENUS, Linnaeus. Testa subtrigono-ovata, vel orbicularis, crassiuscula, sepis- sime turgida, concentrice lirata vel laminata, inter- dum, autem raro, radiatim lirata vel striata, ad mar- Cardo ulraque valvd tridentatus, dentibus cardinalibus, di- gines pleruimgque crenulata. incrassatus, in vergentibus, interdum bifidis. Impressio pallit postice sinuoso, sinu breviusculo. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate or orbicular, rather thick, most frequently turgid, concentrically ridged or laminated, sometimes, but seldom, radiately ridged or striated, generally erenulated at the mar- gins. Hinge thickened, three-toothed in each valve, teeth cardinal, diverging, sometimes bifid. sion of the mantle sinuated posteriorly, sinus rather short. Impres- The species referred to this genus are conspicuously distinguished from the rest of the family by their elaborate sculpture of concentric ridges variously developed in cre- nulated and reflected laminze, sometimes crossed in the in- terstices with radiating striae, and by their turgid growth. They are about equally distributed in the two hemispheres, in one chiefly on the west coast of America, especially Central America, and the West Indies, in the other chiefly among the Philippine Islands, Australia, and New Zea- land. Seven species inhabit European seas, of which five The laminated species, of which the beautiful Tasmanian V. lameliata, the V. pli- are natives of our own shores. cata, paphia, thiara, and others are characteristic examples, are separated, however, by some authors under the generic name of Chione. ‘The United States possess a very large species, V. mercenaria, which has been subdivided into four species, and then set apart as a genus of itself. A genus has also been made, Gemma, of a small pellucid species, which inhabits the same locality, and has been regarded as the fry of V. mercenaria. Lastly a small group of half-a-dozen species, of a peculiar flexuous form, in- habiting the West Indies and Central America, have been raised somewhat unnecessarily, for the animal is not known, to the rank of a separate genus, with the name dzomalo- cardia. The Veneres are not remarkable for colour. A few of the species, chiefly those referred to Chione, are gaily painted, but the predominant tone is fulvous cream- colour, more or less indistinctly marked with rust-brown. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus oBLONGA. Ven, lestd oblongo-ovatd, subobliquad, valde inequilaterali, subdepresse convexd, squalide Suscescente-alba, liris plus minus reflexis. Tur oBLonG VeENus. Shell oblong-ovate, rather ob- lique, very inequilateral, rather depressly convex, dull fuscous-white, concentrically densely lamellately ridged, ridges more or less reflected. Venus oblonga, Hanley, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 16. f. 1. concentrice dense lamellato-liratd, Venus Zelandica, Gray. Hab. New Zealand. Varying occasionally in form in being more or less convex and lamellated, but always of the same dull colour- less hue. Species 2. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Venus iima. Ven, testa pectinato-ovatd, albidd, aurantio- Jusco sparsim variegatd, radiatim modice costata, costis rotundatis, tmbricato-squainatis, lunuld fulvo- Suscescente. Tue rite Venus. Shell pectinately ovate, sparingly variegated with orange-brown, radiately moderately ribbed, ribs rounded, imbricately scaled, lunule fulvous-brown, Tupes lima, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 698. pl. 151. f. 144, Chione lima, Deshayes. Hub. New Zealand. whitish, A scabrous radiately-ribbed species belonging to the peetinate division of the genus. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) JeNus cLATHRATA. Ven. testd cordato-ovatd, subobliqud, crassa, ventricosd, lacted, rufescente-spadiceo pallide maculata et radiata, concentricé dense lirata, liris irregularibus, prope umbones tenuibus, deinde cal- losis et planatis, sulcis linearibus radiantibus un- dique clathratis, liris ad aream posticom serrato-laini- natis. THe LarticeD VeNus. Shell cordately ovate, rather February, 1864. VENUS.—Ptate [. oblique, thick, ventricose, cream-coloured, faintly Venus Listeri, var., Sowerby. blotched and rayed with reddish-fawn, concentrically | Had. ? densely ridged, ridges irregular, near the umboes , . It is somewhat doubtful whether M. Deshayes is cor- rect in separating this from V. Lister’. There is strong evidence of its being a large callously-sculptured form thin, then callous and flattened, latticed through- out with radiating linear grooves, ridges on the pos- terior area serrately laminated. ; DusuHayus, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 3. of that. species. Venus PLL Vincent Broaks, Imp, Sowerby, del.et lith. VENUS. Puate II. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS MERCENARIA. Ven. testd subtrigono-cordatd, com- pressiusculd, sordide fulvo-ferrugined, in testa juniore fusco acute undulato concentrice fasciatd, intus tn- terdum nigricante-violaced, dense concentricée striata, precipue ad latera, latere postico obscure flexuoso, ob- liqué curvato, antico brevi, lunuld conspicud, sepe pur'- pureo-castaned. Tur TRADE VeENUs. Shell somewhat triangularly heart- shaped, rather compressed, dirty fulvous rust-colour, concentrically banded in the young shell with zigzag brown, sometimes deep-violet within, densely concen- trically striated, especially at the sides, posterior side obscurely flexuous, obliquely curved, anterior short, lunule conspicuous, often purple-chestnut. Linn aus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1131. Venus notata, Say. Venus preparca, Say. Venus obliqua, Anton. Venus cyprinoides, Anton. Hab. North America. This species inhabits the Massachusetts shores of North America in greater or less abundance, and, as its name denotes, is used as an article of commerce. Dr. Gould mentions that in the markets of New York and Phila- delphia, where Venus mercenaria is known by the name of Quahog, it is even more in request as an article of food than the Mya arenaria. Myr. Say’s V. notata is the shell ina young state, marked with bands of zigzag brown, as represented at Fig. 4a. His V. preparca is the same without markings. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus scutpta. Ven. testd orbiculari, subglobosd, al- bidd, fusco sparsim maculata, ared ligamenti fused, concentrice liratd, liris reqularibus, crispato-crenatis, subreflexis. THE scuLpturED Vents. Shell orbicular, rather ¢lo- bose, whitish, sparingly spotted with brown, ligament area brown, concentrically ridged, ridges regular, crispately crenated, slightly reflected. Desnayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 3. Hab. ? The ridges of this species are a little reflected and cu- riously erisply crenated. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus spHmRisutca. Ven. testa subtrigono-globosa, crassa, calcareo-albd, concentrice liratd, liris latius- culis, plicato-planatis, valde irregularibus. THE SPHERE-GROOVED VeENUS. Shell somewhat trian- cularly globose, thick, chalk-white, concentrically ridged, ridges rather broad, plicately flattened, very irregular. Desnayes, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ——? The ridges range concentrically over the shell in very irregular flattened folds. April, 1863. a oy mA ae mh ‘i hall tenets ) im Z 7 a is | 2 Cah @ ¥ rs a huni oe oe -_ " 7 ies A - - ae ry’ , ‘pe oe Mo Vi 7 eet hie sr ed ait) rain ha ie rhs ena 7 et By ie ay ela 7 ote is ay oe his f aii aa sae 7 idee a i: ie oa “a ; eh 9 viel vai Voie an ia ; : mee rn 7 a i uw Pa ‘ me ‘s i van wre ft re ao or ere: eee r a rare syven? = hadi i ms! ih 7 eee Venus P Sowerby, delet [itl Vincent Brooks, bmp VENUS. Pruate III. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS ALBORADIATA. Ven. ltestdé ovatd, subventricosé, fulvo-grised, carneo et albo radiata, concentricé irre- gulariter liratd, ad latera densé tenui-lamellatd, latere postico subflexuoso. THE WHITE-RAYED VENUS. Shell ovate, rather ventri- cose, fulvous-grey, rayed with flesh and white, con- centrically irregularly ridged, at the sides densely thinly laminated, posterior side slightly flexuous. SowErBy, Thesaurus Conch. part xiv. p. 732. pl. 161. ib dO): Hab. Gulf of Mexico. A rather ventricose shell, faintly rayed with white and flesh-colour, which is more ruddy and broken up into spots towards the umboes. Species 8. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Venus Grata. Ven. testé subquadrato-ovatd, albidd, cinereo-griseo et fusco varie nebulatd, strigatd, et tes- sellatd, intus interdum nigricante-violaced, decussatim liraté et sulcatd, liris ad latera nodulatis, liris me- dianis posticé angulatis, latere postico subcompressé truncato, antico brevi, rotundato. Tne weLcome VeENus. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, whitish, variously clouded, streaked, and tessellated with ash-grey and brown, sometimes dark-violet in the interior, decussately ridged and grooved, ridyes noduled at the sides, middle ridges angled poste- riorly, posterior side rather compressly truncated, an- terior short, rounded. Say, American Conchology, pl. 36. Tapes grata, Sowerby. Tapes tricolor, Sowerby. Hab. Gulf of Mexico. In this prettily-painted species the middle ridges radi- ating from the umboes to the margin are pressed to an angle posteriorly. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus MuLTIcostaTa. Ven. testd elliptico-ovatd, sub- ventricosd, erassd, fulvo-spadiced, carneo-fuscescente obscure radiata, dense concentricé costatd, costis la- mello-recurvis, noduloso-crenatis, costis ad latera un- dulatis, nodulis evanidis, interstitiis costarum excavatis et crenatis. MANY-RIBBED VENUS. Shell elliptically ovate, rather ventricose, thick, fulvous-drab, obscurely rayed with flesh-brown, densely concentrically ribbed, ribs lamellarly recurved, nodulously crenated, ribs waved at the sides, nodules fading away, interstices between the ribs excavated and crenated. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 22. Hab. Bay of Panama (in coarse sand at low water) ; Cuming. THE I doubt if this is anything more than a variety of /. Listeri, in which the ribs are more tumidly thickened and recurved. April, 1863. a i ean i - ‘ i oY = 7 Ste he, oF iy ie : \ - Se ns 3, a? bE ‘ eo oA : Al yr re Dis Pe staen ie OL ae OW og ; ve are 7 c yy ae tb te ae ali Ae 7 a) a a the a a nyo t 7 ve | 7 Ae - i a el ‘ eS ear" mH Mee e oe ra Vay Bost ™ a i. > i ‘ AA _ ae i i 7 oe rent n a : “oN es 7 a ry os > ae pe ie s i 7 ag oe, (7° ' Tara. - hey a hi ee au A , o r oo rn id " i, Te i. te © 7 Ane : ; ran a ; ay = © _ : 7 7 7“ hk , sin ’ _— a er iu aay Tun ae ‘ is ° - te % i: 7 a e aA a : i ae vat ; » a es ie Ts iil i ay Phy rane Moke ENS, a ar: re 6 an As aa > 3s - ie Ved Gli t A ae vi a ror ( es ni et ; 44 - ; ny ’ an i ies ii ‘a a fe iy a _ ue cae vi vid iam at Teh inal, 4 s af is , 7 : if a 7 3 , i. ai ny Mi We : is

a PS loates — is ae we We: ar y Ge il : a! : Re ing 2 ke: ‘ee . a Ady it i Se a te ii yaa ry wey as <' ne age : vb - hy ae a ” a“ de 2 a cm of an ne he eM ae ; 7 ie Pode as a Hye, ou: Aker yd er > 4 or aie sep gee sy Alen uit “) i. bre we ren ik ie + ‘ae ‘ Di po 7 rie ne ay or i een Le ok 2 ee d-, ’ uh yearn ie eft) ne als, poe a - APs ats mY im ke a a uN ~ wang el be Ate ave i a 2 rec vllgeee a Dee WN 1 % , | a Derk Pit a Ue bik rey one =" Bi - - a aan a * hat i Dat Bu oes i sa a ue ee Wu te A hi ef ie ys vee : i : 7 = j i i 7 hee a a ie ’ qr Mg AD anes gs aa ‘ 4 a ie te ef Mote We te i sah ote ani ae ae ates i we, Le . a aw eon nat net _ ae 7 Rain ee ‘ye ze 7 a iv ay wh a ay me : phi nl il zo Pek ah Ave. | aan) ee ‘bn ae ; mis indie ee a ee oh S et Ly nts sy ye ar ae i 7 i) if Dal i 2 ‘e io ; he 7 Ot : ii se 7 va ; os ey it ie as ara Wi i 7 By, ; 7 , i i - - 7 ~~ rut ge oes - ~ WY pi n 0 ; af ° | 7 7 : 7 ee Ai “ty a . oi ane i. er ce TAP i Se a eo 7 a Ne “a hi) SN Z Ni ?, Sy wet ee " } os pe Bd sae ma ep a i] Pike > my A ve na oF Shae 1m) . ie Le ts eh Phy ai a ae ‘i - le 5 toy we a fie is, Peay | ald _ Le qe Panay ee be - 7 : * ' ’ ” . — : i - 7 - , 7 - - 7 i . t 1 / Verus Pl. IV Vincent Brocks,Imy del et lith werby VENUS. Prats IV; Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS PUERPERA. cosd, crass, albidd, griseo radiata, ferrugineo-fusco precipue ad latus posticum tinctd et maculata, radi- atin dense obtuse costatd, concentricé laminatd, laminis subdistantibus, sepe irregularibus, latere postico sub- Jlexuoso-truncato, antico brevissimo. THE VENTRICOSE VENus. Shell orbicularly heart-shaped, ventricose, thick, whitish rayed with grey, spotted and stained, especially on the posterior side, with rust-brown; radiately closely obtusely ribbed, con- eentrically laminated, laminz rather distant, often irregular, posterior side slightly flexuously truncated, anterior very short. Linn mus, Mantissa, p. 545. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. The rust-stained colouring of this well-known species 1s not an unimportant character. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS FOVEOLATA, siusculd, fulvescente-albd, ad latera carneo tinctd, con- Fen, tesla suborbiculari, compres- centrice dense lamellata, lamellis rugosis, valde irrequ- laribus, lunuld subampla, ared ligamenti elongato- excavatda, Tue pirrep Venus. Shell somewhat orbicular, rather compressed, yellowish-white, flesh-tinged at the sides, concentrically densely lamellated, lamellee rough, very irregular, lunule rather large, ligamentary area elon- gately excavated. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 730. Hab, Martinique. The name of this species is apt to mislead; it does not | i | | | Ven. testa orbiculari-cordatd, ventri- | refer to any sculpture of small pits, but to a characteristic elongated excavation of the ligamentary area. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS TENUILAMELLATA. formi, sordidé calcareo-albd, concentrice lamellatd, Ven. testd ovatd, subcunei- lamellis subregularibus, recurvinsculis, ad latus anti- cum corrugatis, latere postico oblongo, subtruncato. THE THINLY-LAMELLATED VENUS. what wedge-shaped, dull chalk-white, concentrically lamellated, lamellee rather regular, a little recurved, wrinkled at the anterior side, posterior side oblong, slightly truncated. Sowerky, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 733. Hab. Valparaiso (in sandy mud at twenty fathoms) ; Cu- ming. Shell ovate, some- Of a dull chalk-white character, with the ridges rather inclined to form irregular wrinkles on the anterior side. Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS EXALBIDA. Ven, tesld subelliptico-ovald, sordide calcareo-albd, concentrice densé elevato-striatd, striis rudibus, valde irregularibus, latere postico curvato et fleauoso-truncato. THe waite Venus. Shell somewhat elliptically ovate, dull chalk-white, concentrically densely elevately striated, stric rude, very irregular, posterior side curved and flexuously truncated. Cuemni1z, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 225. pl. 202. f. 1974. Hab. Strait of Magellan. A densely rudely striated chalk-white shell, peculiarly eurved and flexuously striated down the posterior side. April, 1863. ve - i vn 7 rin e _ ; a “Re ie 7 Ae ; : > ao, _ ne : 2: - ei) 7 is ae Pied aa a aS) a, A : 7 _ 7 bale ve hae a ae i pate ee eT a ; rel 7 Oe [" : ee an : of NAT ee a ie ye race nie oe ; ie ay an i ‘ae i ~ “ es shah A ite ie i Pea ue i. ; A | a ud i aD a a . ia ‘ive ee ay 7 nts sand oe sag toes Piss i Sua wie oh = ‘ a Peay slot ee 7 hae a etn in eee see rae ies ts ge Pie es Oats aah apy ieee ei ras i ha 7 a ey as an rey ronal (ier ia fines a ub wae Led a ai mont * , FORE K. Sa haath: ih Br Als bie Se hal foal hee eee : ee Be ee eel. a nH a mt oe i ane ce jn et ¥ yt; mal en He rf - . ne ae oe Poe eo ath is ssh i ipa Si 58 ai ae ta ae cuit ne i flier aah Pat nt ii: lg Bop a eas 5 Pe ie et j ; ihe vn she Len iy 5 ark poe ge me oe we A ee ae Silo na ee sai be Seay ee rt 2. aT, - eae cig i Das = Te ie 4 , hs pa i See 2 Hf wand, a i ns said, ie . ‘ ee Aa a oy i sugind Moet . cis A sins a fe ree awn iia ae i ‘ee ; a we > Doo = : _ ate a aaron oe 4 ba i = oi et we ep. see es wr backs Hegel Sys? ae a : ae -_ alive +e Le. ie ne a _ re San i fs i A ie u 7 - eh 7 ; 7 rus : : , oe 7 ai yn ae ie a i 7 pth Nt iy i: : Pat aie ee 7 ye W515 es aha ar renee ty oy chon . f. tas ih T. vit ‘' i, - - Keil > AN AAs te pe mer sf H ta wi sue in " om ahs oe at A ; tee =e, nats ee oa = De eae a ca ‘ 4 Te Py ey ern tie te so, oe ‘ Hruavine i ais Vs aoa re thei Hig! M ee Pup S "a a at fe) | hve vat he cos : in bi oe a : vee 7 Cro Wait ‘ oe 7 \ ee : fe 7 vy on 1% 1M at AY re mF 2 ve ' : i a ~ yt rane an iy A eae Aa! a ‘; : ae, A ne os i, : ie ete ee ge Ta ris sy “i to iF ne Bek kel ain A ni a 1 1 lee OE Oi ea ) OD ca Thy ats ae AY air 7 zy Hs) eaten 'f wee ku Dh Vers PL V. Hifi Vincent Brooks,lmp. Sowerby, del et lth. VEN US: Prats V. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Lisrert. cost, Julvescente-alba, curneo-fuscescente obscure lenti- ginosa, concentricé laminatd, laminis ad latus posticum Ven. testé subquadrato-ovatd, ventri- tenuibus, erectis, ad anticum tumidis, recurvis, laminis omnibus interstitiisque costellis radiantibus crenulatis, latere postico subtruncato. Lister’s Venus. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, ven- tricose, fulvous-white, obscurely freckled with flesh- brown, concentrically laminated, Jaminze thin and erect on the posterior side, swollen and recurved on the anterior, all the laminz and interstices crenu- lated with small radiating ribs, posterior side slightly truncated. Dosina Listeri, Gray, Analyst, 1838. Venus Listeri, Sowerby. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. The lamine, which from being crowded together on the anterior side are swollen and recurved, are on the posterior side, thin, free, and erect. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus castna. Ven. lesté subquadrato-orbiculari, cal- careo-albd, interdum spadiceo-roseo maculata et bira- diatd, coucentricé costata et liratd, costis lirisque valde wregularibus, plus minus plicato-recurvis, ad latus posticum erecto-lamellatis. THE CHAMBERED VeENUs. Shell somewhat squarely orbicular, chalk-white, sometimes spotted and two- rayed with fawn-rose, concentrically ribbed and ridged, ribs and ridges very irregular, more or less plicately recurved, erectly Jamellated at the posterior side. Venus casina, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1180. Pectunculus membranaceus, Da Costa. Venus reflera, Montagu. Fenus lactea, Donovan. Venus discina, Lamarck. Venus Rusterusii, Payraudeau. Cytherea refleca, Couch. Hab. Kuropean Seas. The British specimens of this well-known species are rarely coloured, excepting in an early stage of growth. They are mostly a dull stone-white, with the ribs and ridges more or less reflected. Species 16. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS ROSALINA. culd, fulvescente-albd, spadiceo-roseo tincta et radiatim Fen. testa subtrigono-ovata, gibbosius- promiscue grandimaculatd, concentrice costatd, costis latiusculis, solidis, plano-obtusis, ad extremitatem pos- ticam plicato-auriculatis. THe rosy Venus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather gibbous, fulvous-white, tinged and radiately promiscuously blotched with fawn-rose, concentrically ribbed, ribs rather broad, solid, flatly obtuse, pli- cately auriculated at the posterior end. Rana, Guerm, Mag. de Zool. 1834, class v. pl. 42. Hab. Island of Goree, West Africa. This shell is not of the same quadrate form as /’. casina, and the colouring and sculpture are of a distinct character. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS MAGNIFICA. ponderosa, fulvescente-albd, ferrugineo-fusco tinctd et Ven. testd globoso-cordatd, crassa, circa umbones maculata, nigricante-violaceo concentrice Sasciatd, radiatim confertim lineari-sulcatd, concentricé liratd, liris distantibus, viv laminatis, ad latus anticum obtuse subfimbriatis. Tue MAGNIFICENT VENUS. Shell globosely heart-shaped, thick, heavy, fulvous-white, stained and spotted about the wmboes with rust-brown, concentrically banded with dark-violet, radiately closely linearly grooved, concentrically ridged, ridges distant, scarcely Jami- nated, slightly obtusely fimbriated on the anterior side. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 704. pl. 153. f. 5. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines; Cuming. A globose violet-banded shell, quite distinct from any form of V7. puerpera. April, 1863. Fae fe ie iy Me : calgecy ohana a Laan (een: * a! , a Me ' WG, ers i . he 7 Vers Pl. V0. Vincent Brooks, Imp Sowerby, del et lith VE NUS: Puate VI. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus tacerata. Ven. testd subquadrato-ovatd, valde inequilaterali, ventricosd, lacted, violaceo-fusco obscure interrupte radiata, liris parvis obtusis concentricis et radiantibus undique fimbriato-decussata. THe TtorN Venus. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, very inequilateral, ventricose, cream-white, obscurely in- terruptedly rayed with violet-brown, fimbriately de- cussated throughout with concentric and radiating small obtuse ridges. Hantey, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 161. Hab. Island of Zebu, Philippines; Cuming. Closely allied to V. puerpera, lighter and more delicate in colour and sculpture, elaborately decussated. Species 19. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS ASPERRIMA. Ven. testd ovata, depressiusculd, su- perne subtrigond, calcareo-albd, violaceo-fusco interdum radiatim maculata, radiatim acute multiliratd, lird minutd in interstitiis, liris radiantibus liris tenuibus concentricis elaborate clathratis. Tue roucH VENUs. Shell ovate, rather depressed, some- what triangular at the upper part, chalk-white, some- times radiately blotched with violet-brown, radiately sharply many-ridged, with a minute ridge in the in- terstices, radiating ridges elaborately latticed with fine concentric ridges. Sowrrsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1885 p. 41. Hab. Guacamayo, Central America (in sandy mud, at a depth of thirteen fathoms); Cuming. A form of V”. pectorina, in which the shell is of lighter substance, broader and more depressed, with the sculpture more elaborately and definitely latticed. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS LAQUEATA. cosd, fulvo-spadiced, violaceo-fusco pallide radiatd, Ven. testdé subgloboso-ovata, ventri- concentrice valde laminatd, laminis erectis, undique arcuate laqueatis, interstitiis subtiliter radiatim liratis, liris planis, duplicis. Tue FLUTED Venus. Shell somewhat globosely ovate, ventricose, fulvous-drab, faintly rayed with violet- brown, concentrically strongly laminated, Jaminz erect, arcuately fluted throughout, interstices finely radiately ridged, ridges flat, duplicate. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 706. pl. 1538. f. 15. Hab. Swan River, Australia; Jukes. A solid ventricose shell, crowded throughout with ar- cuately fluted concentric lamin. April, 1863. & i 7 i ha y an Na a af i i at 7 re 7 3° 7 iat) ve on) -) a st ie 7 nl ian vii toe! PeMey ftir 4 = - : ate a 1 My ‘-_ the i /¥ am i, ad nar anaes an sid ~~ as “ , ai ; f . See fh walla: “ethy =e a ne prune ae ; a he ee ey tal Ma on ‘x comil 7 aa oe 7 es 1 i a Hala hy Mie % i bis So iu ic aes a . i an Te _ ie 4 oe Pout, pnb i _ i da, iol aeons aie : ; » liar & cn | : | ol x (abea hil, s cenaie foam iron ‘i he as mt) > Rs = ee ean, sti ay Aa edie meillia "i at ae ae ai en ae - nate is amr doe Peedi dela nt Bey = - > ae 4 eG! - aig nt bays ot me os _ a iM ak = = aiad ‘nie alk clobligat a an aS A pie % ay ip = babi eat vent : <. 7 ah ae i pia 4 os . i ot ae mth _ ea ih By yin vl mas. ions i sige! phen : Lat pyle eis. mg ; Fath oe am di ane \ wend rae bs io a its wy? ae ie. raha ed 4 -mi 6 t fi | a ni, att one ; or ii 7; Paes ea ennles: Seu c aie 7 oad f ‘ a a : oy iy: ay pee oe ie a7 Ar ; - “th 9 ar y ee oe Mi i tion ie Ng ro i, Esty Lee's ke) Miche Vier i? 7 “yi : —— 7 an a « Of ere iw 7 Lan a. “A Cay Si a aaa -" P - 1s 1 Pre igi “Utena - 9) VER. (ae 1 el ae la (se " wee mas ss oa a wavs ‘ a oy i me a5 re ee, aim, @> af ino te, i mas *y. i me 7 “- wate ie ye. u - iM a oy Ri 7 ay inate mye! mit hae ss al a i ss rane es ing " call i sagt eee ta rhe oy * . lt ai ak a ‘4 i i in ns ni mis pn mie ay if ne ale Aare he om a oo gut We Mi rls aa viva a] ee ni pee i Lei pare bie is at Hee lad oe Sine! a iy ane i di Seis nal soi ay ne ni oh oy ly . ay i a hey ~“ , eh id ‘- y ie : ut ae papier a . Sal we t kei onal . - . . i. iy 7 Es e Venus Pl. VIL. Vincent Brooks, Img Sowerby, del.et lich VENUS. Puate VII. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS LENTICULARIS. Ven. testd quadrato-orbiculari, valde inequilaterali, crassa, depressa, sordidé calcareo- alba, concentricé dense rude striatd, striis irregularibus, latere postico subflexuoso. THE LENS-SHAPED VENUs. Shell squarely orbicular, very inequilateral, thick, depressed, dull chalk-white, densely concentrically rudely striated, strize irregular, posterior side slightly flexuous. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 42. Hab. Valparaiso Bay (in coarse sand, at low water); Cu- ming. A dull-white heavy shell, almost smooth, with the pecu- har depressed quadrately orbicular form of Artemis. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS DISCORS. albidd, violaceo-fusco plus minus tinctd, radiatim pro- Ven. testa oblique ovata, depressiusculd, fuse plano-liratis, liris postice angulatis, liris anticis decussatim crenatis. THE DIFFERING VENUS. depressed, whitish, more or less stained with violet- brown, radiately profusely flatly ribbed, ridges angled along the posterior edge, anterior ridges decussately crenated. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1835, p. 42. Shell obliquely ovate, rather | Tapes discors, Sowerby Junr. Hab. St. Elena and Guacamayo, Central America (in sandy mud at six to nine fathoms); Cuming. The concentric ridges by which the anterior radiating ridges are crenated cease rather abruptly at a distance, from the interior extremity, of rather more than a third of the shell. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus ruGosa. Ven. testé subgloboso-cordatd, ventricosd, fulvo-spadiced, roseo-fuscescente obscuré tinctd et ma- eulatd, concentricé undique validé costatd, costis regu- laribus, laminato-recurvis, interstitiis excavatis, cris- pato-indentatis et striatis. THE WRINKLED VENUS. Shell somewhat globosely heart- shaped, ventricose, fulvous-drab, obscurely tinged and spotted with rose-brown, strongly concentrically ribbed throughout, ribs regular, laminately recurved, interstices excavated, crisply indented and striated. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3276. Venus cincta, Chemnitz. Venus rigida, Dillwyn. Hab. West Indies. A globose heart-shaped shell, ribbed with great regula- rity, the ribs being smooth, laminately curved over to- wards the umboes. April, 1863. ae % or : : i = ‘ ra) .ie - L Y ee i] av » a Hf 4 ree } a : mY te : i a if me ae | fl i s ng ay! ea ‘ ‘i 7 oP ' ake ne Wate = aa i pe a a pn “ith ie aes ot re . a am ' ons a tit ut le 7 aU : ; uT ae ve ae aah ie oe a ed x. Ke An ashe qe nig i at a (Na aay 7 en sles cite it tas | oh Sileaw® 3 em = ary aialalls® eae a ale pene : sib ot) ha abil fi a i a mi, ‘ 7 ti i, “tote - feat tks id ‘ (pic 1m Bile al oA ry i ve ry mee ail ey 4 ict: oe i ‘ye i “ ai) . ee an Cae yh. 7 oa. _ ; * | oo ici sy ie plier mee see | a i aL ae ve 7 : _ ; = ite oT a lig preci ‘ ye en, 7 ’ ae re can ei ae _ . ey hai an he Lew “3 ny . i: ran, : ir an s bya, Pe S ey ie aay hin mM wt iit al 7 en ‘ ? ; he a. iy " se an — ; he ha nagar ; wer. ai ae Dig Re - ny oe nth as ey a dy, Aree he he im We eer ye - og * al an % an i 4 ‘ na wh ie Leg 1 a iy Sa tae ae J ie om ae se : : Fi {04 sales ‘lit. mh iA) ae 7 om ns re ang a a> oF Ss ide dliicts ie: mo wie : e ~ ee ify, ee 7 Ty 5h aa i ty! Wh 1 te ne inp) ‘i ry. meni) yl - a as sh a i aie th Ay ii gies . vs e nin i. i. oe Tel si ‘di mn cate fa, ar > ak me * singe ife i 4 i ee 9 Ki x sa, A v Ae “sly m1 sitll ne ir 7 r 7 f : zie zi E De as, ayia i Ne - : ZT i‘ mae ee ae 7 y ee ae “Nd oo = j hes ay! lay Verus Pl. VILL. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Sowerby, del. et ith VENUS: Priate VIII. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Sowersyt. Ven. testd ovati, ventricosd, crassd, Jlavescente-albd, rosaceo-fusco interrupte radiata, con- centrice irregulariter laminatd, laminis fimbriato-cre- natis, interstitiis elaborate radiatim liratis. Sowersy’s VENus. Shell ovate, ventricose, thick, yel- lowish-white, interruptedly rayed with rose-brown, concentrically irregularly laminated, laminz fimbri- ately crenated, interstices elaborately radiately ridged. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 2. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A very solid ventricose shell, in which the concentric laminze are obtusely fimbriately crenated. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus PEcTORINA. Ven. testd ovuto-cordatd, superne subtrigond, fulvo-ferrugined, violaceo-fusco plus minus postice maculatd, radiatim multiliratd, lird minutd interveniente, liris tenuibus concentricis elaborate cla- thrata. THE HEART-SHAPED VENUS. Shell ovately heart-shaped, slightly triangular at the upper part, fulvous-rust, more or less blotched on the posterior side with violet-brown, radiately many-ridged, with a minute ridge intervening, elaborately latticed with fine con- centric ridges. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. p. 344. Venus cardioides, Lamarck. Hab, Central America. Of rather a cockle-like form, tinged with a fulvous-rust colour and elaborately cancellated. Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus crncuLata. Ven. testa trigono-ovatd, fulvescente, lineis acute undulatis fuscis pictd, ared ligamenti fusco conspicue strigatd, concentrice costatd, costis primis laminatis et subtiliter crenulatis, ceteris incrassatis, obtusis. THE BELTED VENus. Shell triangularly ovate, fulvous, painted with zigzag brown lines, ligamentary area conspicuously striped with brown, concentrically ribbed, the first ribs laminated and finely crenulated, the rest thickened and obtuse. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. p. 345. Venus pulicaria, Broderip. Hab. West Columbia; Cuming. The concentric ribs, which in the early growth of the shell are thin and laminated, and crenulated, become gra- dually more and more thickened and obtuse. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS RESTICULATA. ventricosd, crassa, albidd, circa umbones ferrugineo Ven. testa subquadrato-cordata, tineld et fusco maculatd, concentricé dense laminatd, laminis tumido-crenatis et subrecurvis, interstitiis ra- diatim obtuse crenatis. THE CORDED VENUs. Shell somewhat squarely heart- shaped, ventricose, thick, whitish, rust-tinged and spotted with brown about the umboes, concentrically densely laminated, laminze tumidly crenated and a little recurved, interstices radiately obtusely ridged. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 706. Hab, Philippine and Society Islands and Madagascar. A solid globosely cordate shell, sculptured with stout concentric lamin, having almost the consistency of ribs, crenated and fluted throughout in a rather callous mamer. April, 1863. lenus Pl rent Brooks, Imp. Vime Ve NWS: Puate IX. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus cor. Ven. testd trapeziformi-globosd, tenuiculd, inflata, sordidé albd, plus minus ferrugineo tinctd, concentricé liratd, liris obtusis, valde irregularibus, hic illic undulatis. THe HEART VENts. Shell trapeziformly globose, rather thin, inflated, dull-white, more or less rust-stained, concentrically ridged, ridges obtuse, numerous, very irregular, here and there undulated. Sowrrsy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 727. pl. 160. f. 184. Hab. Kurachee, mouth of the Indus. A light trapeziformly globose shell, sculptured with concentric ridges, which are very irregular and undulating. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Dompert. Ven. testéd orbiculari-ovatd, subdepressd, sordide fuscescente-albd, fuscescente radiatim undulata et lentiginosd, undique obtuse crenato-decussatéd. Dompey’s VENus. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather de- pressed, duil brownish-white, radiately waved and freckled with light-brown, everywhere obtusely cre- nately decussated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. p. 346. Venus Chilensis, Sowerby. Tapes Dombeii, Sowerby, Jun. Hab. Valparaiso Bay; Cuming. This shell has very much the form and sculpture, but not the whiteness, of a Luecina. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS cosTELLATA. Ven. testd subquadrato-ovaté, sor- didé alba, ferrugineo tinctd, radiatim tenuicostatd, costis planis, confertis, liris obtusis concentricis irregu- laribus decussatis. THE FINELY-RIBBED VENUS. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, dull-white, rust-stained, radiately finely ribbed, ribs flat, close-set, decussated with obtuse irregular concentric ridges. Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 42. Dosina antiqua, Gray. fab. Chili and Peru (in coarse sand from six to fifteen fathoms) ; Cuming. A dull stone-coloured shell very rudely irregularly de- cussated. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus crispata. Ven. testd ovatd, crassiusculd, albidd, rufo-fusco undatad et radiatim fasciatd, concentricé cerenato-laminatd, laminis tumidiusculis, confertis, in- terstitiis radiatim liratis, liris subdistantibus. THE cCRISPED VENUS. Shell ovate, rather thick, whitish, waved and radiately banded with red-brown, concen- trically crenately laminated, laminze rather swollen, close-set, interstices radiately ridged, ridges rather distant. Desuayes, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 2. Hab. ? Of a peculiar regularly convex oval form, with the con- centric laminee close-set and very crowded on the anterior side. April, 1863. Vers Pl Sowerby, ¢ ent Brook Vin et lith del NOON TU Si Piate X, Species 32, (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cumming.) Venus Cuemnitair. Ven, testd ovata, fulvescente-albd, rufo-fusco acute undatad et radiatim fasciatd, concen- tricé densé laminatd, laminis tenuibus, fimbriato-la- queatis, interstitiis radiatim liratis, liris subdistantibus. CuEMNITZ’s VENUS. Shell ovate, yellowish-white, sharply waved and radiately banded with red-brown, con- centrically densely laminated, laminz thin, fimbriately fluted, interstices radiately ridged, ridges rather distant. Han ey, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 160. Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines ; Cuming, In this species the concentric lamelle are extremely thin and delicately fimbriately fluted, The colour is dis- posed in sharply zigzag waves. Species 33, (Mus, Cuming.) VENUS CRENULATA. Ven. testd trigono-ovatd, subventricosi, albidd, rufo-fusco profuse maculatd et undatd, concen- trice laminato-liratd, liris confertis, elevatiusculis, erenulatis, ad latus anticum subrecurvis, ad posticum tenuibus, erectis, laqueatis, interstitiis radiatim cris- pato-striatis, THE CRENULATED VeNus. Shell triangularly ovate, rather ventricose, whitish, profusely spotted and waved with red-brown, concentrically laminately ridged, ridges close-set, rather elevated, crenulated, a little recurved on the anterior side, on the posterior thin, erect, fluted, interstices radiately crispately striated. Cuemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. vi. p. 370. pl. 36. f. 385. Venus crenata, Gmelin. Hab, West Indies. A very elaborately sculptured shell, of a triangularly ovate form, profusely wave-painted with red-brown. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS RETICULATA. longa, alba vel fuscescente, rufo-fusco lineari-undata et maculata, undique dense crenato-reticulatd, latere pos- tico superne subalato. THE RETICULATED VENUS. Shell squarely ovate, rather oblong, white or brownish, spotted and linearly waved with red-brown, everywhere closely crenately Ven. testé quadrato-ovatd, subob- reticulated, posterior side slightly winged at the upper part. Linnaus, Mus. Ulr. p. 503. Venus corbis, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands, ete. A constant peculiarity of this well-known species con- sists in the hinge teeth being of a bright orange-red colour. April, 1863. viet Reg? ake a Chime aye « U + &y 7 ” _ — as , oo 7 ee Ves Pl. Sowerby, del.et ith Vincent. Brooks, Woke NGUS: Prats XI, Species 35, (Mus. Cuming.) VeNus CALIFORNIENSIS. Ven. testa orbiculari-cordatd, subobliqud, valde inequilaterali, pallidé fulvo-cinered, concentricée erecto-laminatd, laminis versus marginem obtusis, confertis, interstitiis longitudinaliter liratis, liris irregularibus, transversim corrugato-striatis, ared ligamenti ampliter concavo-excavata. Tue Catironntan Venus. Shell orbicularly heart-shaped, rather oblique, very inequilateral, pale fulvous-ash, | concentrically erectly laminated, laminze obtuse and | crowded towards the margin, interstices longitu- dinally ridged, ridges irregular, transversely wrinkle- striated, ligamentary area largely concavely exca- vated, Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1835, p. 43. Venus leucodon, Sowerby. Hab. Guaymas, Gulf of California (in sandy mud at low water); Cuming, This fine species, it will be seen, is of remarkably cor- date growth, but at the same time orbicularly depressed. The ligamentary area is unusually large and rather sharply concavely excavated, Species 36, (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) Venus Amatuusia. Ven. testa subtrigono-ovata, fulvo- spadiced, concentrice laminald, laminis nunc confertis, nunc distantibus, crenatis et erecté muricato-squa- matis, interstitiis longitudinaliter liratis, liris binis, latere postico subflecuoso, lunula et ared ligamenti vio- laceo-tinctis, Tue Amaruusta Venus, Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, fulvous-drab, concentrically laminated, laminee sometimes close-set, sometimes distant, crenated and erectly prickly-scaled, interstices Jongitudinally ridged, ridges in pairs, posterior side rather flexuous, lunule and ligamentary area tinged with violet, Puitreer, Abbild. und Besch, Conch, pl. 11. f. 4. Hab. Gulf of California. Chiefly distinguished from /. Gnidia by its more tri- angularly ovate form, and by the more flexuously produced growth of the posterior extremity. The radiating ridges in the interstices between the lamine are moreover more distinctly set in pairs without any intermediate raised stria or smaller ridge, Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Gnipia. siusculd, fulvescente-spadiced, concentrice laminatd, laminis crenatis et erecté muricato-squamatis, inter- stitiis radiatim liratis, liris via binis, lird minutd in- Ven. testd subtrigono-ovata, ventrico- terveniente, Tue Gnipra Venus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather ventricose, fulvous drab, concentrically lami- nated, laminz crenated and erectly prickly-scaled, interstices radiately ridged, ridges scarcely in pairs, with a small ridge intervening, Bropertie and Sowerby, Zool, Journ. vol, iv. p. 364. Hab. San Blas, Mexico. The seales with which the concentric lamine of this species are so elegantly festooned, are more prickly pointed I gantly in the smaller varieties of the species. April, 1863. eye ah ery aS ih Artem : ete: a 5 . ks ay a be ; ‘ a3 oe at ies a : ; : ie : ee ings ah eet 5) eNbIGK Pie. Aoi ee AGT WAP, : ‘ = ; a ee es by: ee eet 28 nies? % var A tera i ‘ : : ube sh a3 ot he ee Sue ¢ hari.) «(he « = at 0 Ny ‘ tae pi ee + it a f ; iG ai PHA hs Bo Pits P Ok * eat f ue ; 1 tiishy ; Oe =iieihs ppt PES \ f if atts ANG, | SN ee ET eh wena Sb ase 1 es ® ie A < Sanduanash, Faye e, G en oe Fo er end (2 { Qt Geta ae Vers Pl All. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Sowerby, del ethth VENUS. PEATE Nuits Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus arFinis. Ven. testa subtrigono-ovatd, crussd, albida, rufo-brunneo interrupte radiata et maculata, concen- trice laminato-costatd, costis conspicue reflexis, ad latus posticum fornicatis, deinde interrupte sulcatis, area ligamenti lata, pland, fusco minute lineari-lenti- ginosd. THE ALLIED VeNus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, thick, whitish, interruptedly blotched and rayed with red-brown, concentrically laminately ribbed, ribs con- spicuously reflected, vaulted, grooved on the posterior side, ligamentary area broad, flat, minutely linearly freckled with brown. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 720. pl. 155. f. 62. Hab. Senegal. then interruptedly Allied to V. paphia, but of a more oblong form, with somewhat of the colouring of V. rosalina. Species 39. (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) Venus Lamarck. Ven. testdé ovatd, arcuate subtrigond, albidd, roseo-fusco maculata et strigatd, concentricé Jinbriato-costata, fimbriis eleganter plicatis et recurvis, radiatim liratd, latere postico subattenuato ; rosaced. Lamarck’s Venus. Shell ovate, arcuately subtriangular, whitish, blotched and streaked with rose-brown, con- centrically fimbriately ribbed, frills elegantly puckered and recurved, radiately ridged, posterior side slightly attenuated ; tinged with rose within. Gray, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 707. pl. 153. f. 20, 21. Venus cancellata, var., Chemnitz. Hab. China. Wide Bay, East Australia; Strange. intus This well-known China species was figured by Chemnitz as a variety of V”. cancellata, and a figure of it in the *Eneyclopédie Méthodique’ was erroneously referred to by Lamarck in illustration of his 7. subrostrata, which is a West Indian species. The sculpture is most elaborately fretted. In the interior the valves are tinged towards the umboes with rose. Species 40. (Fig. a, 0, Mus. Cuming.) VeNus verrucosa. Ven. testa subcordato-ovatd, soli- diusculd, fuscescente-albd, rosaceo-fusco plus minus obscure tinctad et lineari-undatd, concentricé costatd et liratd, costis lirisque confertis, irregularibus, tuber- culato-nodatis, ared ligamenti plano-excavatd, vivide Susco strigata. Tue warty Venus. Shell somewhat cordately ovate, rather solid, brownish-white, more or less obscurely stained and linearly waved with rose-brown, con- centrically ribbed and ridged, ribs and ridges close- set, irregular, tubercularly noduled, ligamentary area flatly excavated, streaked with deep brown. Linyavs, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1130. Venus erycina, Pennant. Pectunculus strigosus, Da Costa. Venus cancellata, Donovan. Venus Lemanii, Payraudean. Hab. South European and North African seas, including Britain and the Channel Islands. In this well-known species the concentric ribs and ridges are broken up, more especially on the posterior side, into warty nodules. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus KENNERLEYI. dratd, sordidé opaco-albd, concentrice plicato-costaté, Ven. testa oblonyo-ovali, subqua~ costis confertis, subrecurvis, subirregularibus, lunuld et area ligamenti angustis. KENNERLEY’s VENus. Shell oblong oval, somewhat square, dull opake white, concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs close-set, a little recurved, rather irre- gular, lunule and ligamentary area narrow. Carpenter, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? A very characteristic chalk-white shell, strongly pli- cately concentrically ribbed, the ribs being g very crowded and irregular. June, 1863. VENUS.—Puarte XII. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus crassicostata. Ven. testé subquadrato-ovatd, calcareo-albd, ferrugineo tincté, radiatim costatd, costis subplanatis, irregularibus, confertis, costis an- ticis nodoso-crenatis, posticis rude corrugatis. THE THICK-RIBBED VENUS. Shell somewhat squarely chalk-white, radiately ribs rather flattened, irregular, close-set, ovate, tinged with rust, ribbed, anterior ribs nodosely crenated, posterior rudely wrinkled. Quoy and Garmarp, Voy. de |’Astrolabe, Moll. pl. 84. iis Wt . Tapes crassicostata, Sowerby. Hab. Otago, New Zealand. An opake rust-tinged chalk-white shell, having a semi- fossil appearance. Venus PI. Vincent Brocks, kmp Sowerby, delet lith. VENUS. Piate XIII. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus suGiLLata. Ven. testd subtrigono-ovatd, fulves- cente-grised, purpureo sparsim undato-lineata, umboni- bus vivide purpureis, liris tenuibus, undique subacute clathratd, lunuld ampla, ared ligamenti angustd, amba- bus intense castaneis. THe BRUISED VpNus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, fulvous-grey, sparingly wave-lineated with pur- ple, umboes deep purple, everywhere rather sharply latticed with fine ridges, lunule large, ligamentary area narrow, both dark-chestnut. Hab. California. I cannot identify this species with any hitherto de- scribed. Its shining purple umboes, finely latticed sculp- ture, and dark-stained lunule and ligamentary area are quite peculiar. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS SIMILLIMA. Ven. test@ subcordato-ovatd, depres- siusculd, sordide fuscescente-albd, concentricé laminato- liratd, liris subconfertis, plicatis, subreflewis, postice appressis, radiatim tenuiliratis, liris duplicibus. THE VERY LIKE VeNus. Shell somewhat cordately ovate, rather depressed, dull brownish-white, concentrically laminately ridged, ridges rather close-set, puckered, a little reflected, posteriorly appressed, radiately finely ridged, ridges duplicate. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. tis Wf MSs Hab. San Diego, California. 708. pl. 153. Resembling the beautiful V. compta im detail of sculp- ture, but of a distinct form, without any of its charac- teristic colouring. Fig. 45. (Mus. Cuming.) The shell here represented was drawn as a new species ; but it appears to be an unusually gibbous form of /. casina, with the concentric sculpture more slenderly lami- nated and crowded. June, Fig. 46. (Mus. Cuming.) A very distinct variety, from the Gulf of California, of V. crenulata, of which a typical specimen of the West Indian form is represented at Plate X. f. 33. In the Ca- lifornian variety the shell is more globose, and beautifully coloured in the interior with purple-rose. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS GIBBOSULA. bidd, violaceo-griseo tinctd et obscuré fasciatd, un- Ven. testd pectinato-orbiculari, al- dique obtuse corrugato-reticulatd, precipue ad latus anticum, latere postico radiatim sulcato-striato, lunulit et ared ligamenti subindistinctis. THE GiIBBous VENUS. whitish, stained and obscurely banded with violet- grey, everywhere obtusely wrinkle-reticulated, es- pecially on the anterior side, posterior side radiately groove-striated, lunule and ligamentary area rather indistinct. Desuayes, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. -——? Shell pectinately orbicular, An interesting, delicately tinted species, of rather solid growth, sculptured with a network of obtuse wrinkled ridges. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus compta. Ven. testd abbreviato-cordatd, subtri- gond, depressd, crassa, sordid? fulvo-albd, rufo-castaneo radiatim lineari-strigatd, concentrice laminato-costata, costis distantibus, ared ligamenti ampld, acuté ex- cavatd. THE NEAT VENUS. angular, depressed, thick, dull fulyous-white, ra- Shell shortly cordate, somewhat tri- diately linearly streaked with reddish-chestnuat, con- centrically laminately ribbed, ribs distant, ligamen- tary area large, sharply excavated. BroperipP, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1838, p. 43. Hab. Bay of Sechura, Peru (in coarse sand and mud at the depth of seven fathoms) ; Cuming. te 2) lor} ow VENUS.—Puate XIII. The radiated linear colouring of this species is a cha- racteristie feature. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Nurrauui. Ven. testd pectinato-cuneiformi, crassa, allidd, versus umbones ferrugineo tinctd, radiatim nitide liratd, liris medianis angustis, tenuibus, concen- tricé liratd, liris laminato-reflexis, versus marginem anticum numerosis, valde irregularibus, lunula violaced, area ligamenti late plano-excavata. Nourraty’s Venus. Shell pectinately wedge-shaped, thick, whitish, stamed towards the umboes with rust, radiately neatly ridged, middle ridges narrow, thin, concentrically ridged, ridges laminately re- flected, crowded towards the anterior margin, very regular, lunule violet, hgamentary grea broadly flatly excavated. Conran, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. vii. p. 250. Plato sf a5: Hab. California. As the neat radiating ridges on approaching the margin become more distinct, the concentric anterior laminar ridges are more crowded. = mas PU ATV é l, Vincent Brooks, hnp +} 1th Sowerby,del.ct 1 VENUS. PuLaTE XIV. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS EBURNEA. ad Iunulam pallidé roseo-fuscescente, concentrice cor- Ven. testé suboblongo-ovatd, eburned, rugato-liratis, liris ad latus anticum irregularibus, interruptis. Tue tvory Venus. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate, ivory- white, pale rose-brown at the lunule, concentrically wrinkle-ridged, ridges on the anterior side irregular, interrupted. P} Hab. A neatly-defined ivory-white species, allied to V. oblonga, in which the ridges cease to be concentric on the anterior side, but form irregular interrupted wrinkles. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus MUNDULUS. Ven. testd subquadrato-ovatd, tenui- culd, fulvescente-albd, violaceo-cinereo interrupte flam- mata, undique minute crenato-reticulatd, lunuld sub- indistinela, ared ligamenti angustd. THE TRIM VeNus. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, ra- ther thin, fulvous-white, interruptedly flamed with violet-ash, everywhere minutely crenately reticulated, lunule rather indistinct, ligamentary area narrow. 9 Hab. A neatly-sculptured shell of rather light substance, in- terruptedly flamed throughout with violet-ash. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS INTERSECTA. subventricosd, albidd, violaceo et pallidé Jerrugineo Ven. testi pectinato-ovali, tenui, plus minus radiatim tincté, liris subtilibus Jfilosis un- dique reticulatim decussatd, lunuld et area ligamenti violaceo-fuscis. THE INTERSECTED VuNus. Shell pectinately oval, thin, rather veutricose, whitish, more or less radiately tinged with violet and pale-rust, everywhere reticu- lately decussated with fine thread-like ridges, lunule and ligamentary area violet-brown. Sowsrey, Pro. Zool. Soc. Thes. Conch. p. 714. pl. 155. f. 59, 60. June, Hab. Puerto Puero, Central America ; Cuming. A delicately-coloured shell of thin substance, very elabo- rately minutely sculptured throughout. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS MONILIFERA. pressd, fulvescente-albd, purpureo-fusco profuse undata et maculata, undique liris acute reticulata, latere pos- Ven. testa quadrato-ovatd, subcom- tico compressé producto. THe NECKLACE VENUS. Shell squarely ovate, rather compressed, fulvous-white, profusely waved and blotched with purple-brown, everywhere sharply reti- culated with ridges, posterior side compressly re- duced. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 707. pl. 153. f. 19. Hab. Island of Mindoro, Philippines; Cuming. A characteristic form of V’. reticulata, in which the _ shell is compressly squarely produced, with the painting much waved, especially on the posterior side. Species 54. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Venus suBrosrrata. Ven. testa cordato-subtrigond, pos- tice declivi-truncatd, crassd, alba, fusco reticulato- maculata, concentrice fimbriato-liratda, liris numerosis, brevibus, radiatim costellatd, costellis versus marginem obsoletis, lunuld intense fusca, ared ligamenti acute ex- cavatd, fusco strigata. THE SLIGHTLY-BEAKED VENUs. Shell cordately sub- triangular, posteriorly slopingly truncated, thick, white, reticulately blotched with brown, concentrically fimbriately ridged, ridges numerous, short, radiately finely ribbed, ribs soon becoming obsolete towards the margin, lunule dark-brown, ligamentary area sharply excavated, striped with brown. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 343. Venus neglecta, Sowerby (in Beechey’s Voyage, p. 151. pl. 41. f. 8). lab. Mazatlan and West Indies. In consequence of Lamarck having referred for the il- lustration of this species to a figure in the ‘ Encyclopédie 1863. VENUS.—Puater XIV. Meéthodigue,’ which represents a well-known China species, V. Lamarckii, it was lost sight of, until Sowerby named it in the ‘ Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage’ V’. neglecta. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus AaLBINA. Ven. testd suboblongo-ovatd, albd, concen- trice densé scabroso-striatd, striis irregularibus, lunuld Susca. Tue wuire VENus. Shell rather oblong-ovate, white, con- centrically densely scabrously striated, striz irregular, lunule dark-brown. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part xiv. p. 732. pl. 161. f. 201. Hab, China. A peculiarly soft white shell, im which the concentric sculpture is scarcely more than scabrous strie. Venus PlXV. t Lith Vincent Brooks, img 4, Nee ON UES. PiatEe XV. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus tyra. Ven. testd orbiculari-ovatd, subventricosd, Julvescente-alba, rufescente-fusco undatd et maculata, concentrice liratd, liris numerosis, subcallosis, levibus, subreflexis. Tue HARP VENUts. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather ventri- cose, fulvous-white, waved and spotted with red- brown, concentrically ridged, ridges numerous, rather callous, smooth, a little reflected. Han ey, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 161. Recent Shells, App. 360. pl. 16. f. 21. Hab. Gulf of Guinea. I give this species, but doubt exceedingly whether it is not the same as /”. crenulata. It is an established fact in the geographical distribution of mollusks that West Africa | possesses many species common to the West Indies and Mazatlan. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus noposa. Ven. testd globosd, sordidé alba aut ful- vescente, concentricée costatd, costis subdistantibus, ob- tuse tumidis, verrucoso-tuberculatis, lunuld rufo-fusca, ared ligamenti rufo-fusco late strigatd. THE NopuLeD Venus. Shell globose, dull-white or yel- lowish, concentrically ribbed, ribs rather distant, ob- tusely swollen, wart-tubercled, lunule red-brown, ligamentary area broadly striped with red-brown. Donker, Moll. Guin. p. 57. Venus tuberosa, Deshayes. Hab. St. Vincent, West Africa. This apparently characteristic species is probably a strongly warted form of the European /”. verrucosa. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus prnuta. Ven. testd orbiculari-ovatd, tumido-ven- tricosi, fulvescente-albd, carneo-fusco prom iscue tinctd, concentrice liratd, liris subobtusis, interstitiis concavis, concentrice elevato-striatis, lunuld parvd, area liga- menti rufo-fusco strigald. THE LITTLE-BALL VeNUs. Shell orbicularly ovate, tu- midly ventricose, fulvous-white, promiscuously stained | THe FLY-DoTreD VENUS. with flesh-brown, concentrically ridged, ridges rather obtuse, interstices concave, sculptured with raised striz, lunule small, ligamentary area striped with red-brown. Hab. ——? Closely allied to Dr. Gould’s V. éorewma, but the con- | centric ridges are not warted, and the lunule is smaller. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Srurcupurtt. Ven. testd oblique cordatd, postice subproductd, albidd, ferrugineo-tinctd postice, preser tii intus, violaceo tincld, radiatim tenuiliratd, concentricé corrugato-striatd, lunuld et ared ligamenti subindis- tinctis. SturcHBury’s VENUS. produced posteriorly, whitish, Shell obliquely cordate, rather tinged with rust, posteriorly tinged with violet, especially within, radiately finely ridged, concentrically corrugately striated, lunule and ligamentary area rather in- distinct. Gray, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 2. f. 4. Hab. Sandwich Islands. A shell of solid growth, tinged within on the posterior side with deep violet. It comes very near to the Cali- | fornian /”. callosa, Conrad, of which specimens have been | found also at the Sandwich Islands. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus muscarta. Ven. testé pectinato-ovatd, subcom- pressa, fulvescente, cinereo-violaceo radiatim asper'sa, yadiatin crebriliratd, concentrice, dense crenato-lirata, lunuld subindistincta. Shell pectinately ovate, rather compressed, fulvyous, radiately sprinkled with ash- violet, closely radiately ridged, concentrically densely crenately ridged, linule rather indistinct. Hab. ——? An extremely interesting species, most elaborately sculptured throughout. June, 1863. VENUS.—Puate XV. Species 61. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Venus CotumBtiensis. Ven. testa pectinato-ovatd, ful- vescente, cinereo-griseo radiatin aspersd et maculata, interdum plus minus cinereo-fuscd, radiatim costatd, costis obtuse planatis, interstitiis subprofunde incisis, costis anticis corrugato-crenatis. Tue Co~umBran Venus. Shell pectinately ovate, ful- vous, radiately sprinkled and blotched with ash-grey, sometimes more or less with ash-brown, radiately ribbed, ribs obtusely flattened, interstices rather deeply cut, anterior ribs corrugately crenated. SoweErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 21. Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia. This very elegant species varies considerably in its pattern of colouring, but little in form and sculpture. Venus PU Sowerby, del et lith. ; Fe Vincent: Broo) VENUS. Puiate XVI. Species 62. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS GRANULATA. culd, alba, ferrugineo tinctd, nigricante-cinereo versus Ven. testa pectinato-ovata, solidius- marginem reticulato-pictd, radiatim costatd, costis obtuse planatis, postic? angulatis, liris nodulosis con- centricis decussatis. GRANULATED VeENus. Shell pectinately ovate, rather solid, whitish, rust-tinged, reticulately painted towards the margin with dark ash, radiately ribbed, ribs obtusely flattened, posteriorly angled, decus- sated with concentric nodulous ridges. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 3277. Venus entobapta, Jouas. Hab. West Indies. THE A substantially-grained shell, boldty patched here and there with dark colour. Species 63. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS LACUNATUS. cente, roseo tinctd, rufo-fusco obscure radiatd, concen- Ven. testa subtrigono-ovatd, fulves- trice laminato-liratd, liris erectis, eatus lacunatis, ared ligamenti rufo-fusco maculata. THE rreTreD VENUs. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, fulvous, tinged with rose, obscurely rayed with red- brown, concentrically laminately ridged, ridges erect, supported outwardly by fretwork, ligamentary area blotched with red-brown. Hab. P Of a delicate fulvous-brown colour, tinged with rose, most elaborately fretted throughout with punctured la- melle. Species 64. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS TOREUMA. stusculd, albidd, rufo-castaneo radiatim trigono-macu- Ven. testa pectinato-orbiculari, gibbo- lata, concentrice liratd et striatd, interstitiis regula- riter concavis, striis elevatis, lateribus verrucoso-cor- rugatis. Tur EnmBossep VENUs. Shell pectinately orbicular, rather gibbous, white, radiately triangularly blotched with reddish-chestnut, concentrically ridged and June, striated, interstices regularly concave, with the strice raised, sides wart-wrinkled. Gottp, Otia Conch. p. 84. Venus crebrisulea, Sowerby (not of Lamarck). Venus Jukesii, Deshayes. Hab. Mangsi Island; Gould. A prettily-painted globose shell, in which the con- centric ridges are wrinkled into warts towards the sides, and ventral margin. Species 65. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS PLUMBEA. Ven. testd ovata, valde inequilaterali, sordide fulvd, plumbeo-violaceo radiatd et tinetd, ra- diatim costatd, anticis latiusculis, posticis angustis, obtuse angulatis, omnibus liris concentricis undique crenatis, lunuld et ared ligamenti latiusculis. THE LEADEN VeNUs. Shell ovate, very inequilateral, dull fulvous, rayed and stained with leaden-violet, radiately ribbed, anterior ribs rather broad, posterior narrow, obtusely angled, all crenated throughout with concentric ridges, lunale and ligamentary area rather broad. Hab. St. John’s, West Indies. This shell was labelled in Mr. Cuming’s collection as a variety of VY. tessellata, but it is of a different form, less oblong, with a larger lunule, and broader, more excavated, ligamentary area. Species 66. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS TESSHLLATA. Ven. testa oblongo-ovatd, fulvd, plumbeo-violaceo radiata et tinctd, radiatim dense calloso-liratd, postice costatd, costis planis, obtuse an- gulatis, lunuld et ared ligamenti angustis. THE TESSELLATED VENUS. rayed and stained with leaden-violet, radiately densely callously ridged, ribbed posteriorly, ribs flat, obtusely angled, lunule and ligamentary area narrow. Apams and Rerve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 79. pl. 22. ii JUL. Tapes tessellata, Sowerby. Shell oblong-ovate, fulvous, Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. 1865. VENUS.—Ptiate XVI. Of a characteristic oblong form, with a very short an- terior side. Species 67. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Casina. Ven. testd lenticulari, fulod, ferrugineo- fusco tinctd, concentrice laminato-costatd, costis ru- dibus, subirregularibus, lamind parvd interveniente. Tue Castva Venus. Shell lens-shaped, fulvous, tinged with rust-brown, concentrically laminately ribbed, ribs rude, rather irregular, with a small lamina in the interstices. Linn mus, Syst. Nat. p. 1130. Venus refleca, Montagu. Venus lactea, Donovan. Venus discina, Lamarck. Venus Rusterucii, Payraudeau. Venus intermedia, Gray. Venus casinula, Deshayes. Hab. European Seas. This well-known species appears to have been named after a town in Campania, on the shores of the Mediter- ranean. Species 68. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS UNDATELLA. Ven. testé ovatd, subcompressd, ce- rulescente-albd, violaceo-fusco lineari-undatd et macu- | SowErBy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 22. Hab. Gulf of California. A rather pale-marked species, with the sculpture much changing in its development towards the margin. Species 69. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS FUSCO-LINEATA. Ven. testd oblongo-ovatd, sub- quadratd, albidd, lineis nigricante-violaceis undatis pictd, radiatim costatd, costis obtuse planatis, posticé angulatis, anticis subacute crenatis. THE BROWN-LINED VENUS. what square, whitish, painted with dark-violet waved lines, radiately ribbed, ribs obtusely flattened, angled posteriorly, anterior ribs rather sharply crenated. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 41. Tapes fusco-lineata, Sowerby, jun. Hab. Guacomayo, Central America (in sandy mud, at the depth of thirteen fathoms) ; Cuming. Crossed throughout with elegantly-defined pencillings of dark violet. Shell oblong-ovate, some- Species 70. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus nisrrionioa. Ven. testd subquadrato-ovatd, com- lata, radiatim regulariter liratd, liris versus marginem | obsoletis, concentricé liratd, liris versus marginem un- datis, confertis et validioribus, ared ligamenti sublate excavatd, conspicue strigata. Tue wavep Vrenus. Shell ovate, rather compressed, bluish-white, lineally waved and blotched with violet- brown, radiately regularly ridged, ridges obsolete towards the margin, concentrically ridged, ridges waved, close-set and stronger towards the margin, | ligamentary area rather broadly excavated, conspicu- ously striped. pressiusculd, albd, cinereo-fusco conspicue maculata, undique nitidé crenato-reticulatd, lunuld intense fusca. Tup parcuep VENUS. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather depressed, white, conspicuously blotched with ash-brown, neatly crenately reticulated throughout, lunule dark-brown. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 41. Hab. Guacomayo, Central America (in sandy mud, at the depth of thirteen fathoms) ; Cuming. Very closely allied to V. granulata, though more com- | pressed and delicately sculptured. Verus Pi Sowerby, deLet hi 3 owerby,del et Lith Vincent Brooks, lith VieNoUes:. XVII. PLATE Species 71. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Macrracea. Ven. testd ovata, calcareo-albd, con- centrice liratd et striatd, liris striisque valde irregu- laribus, lunuld excavato-elongatd. Tue Macrra-t1ke Venus. Shell ovate, chalk-white, concentrically ridged and striated, ridges and striz very irregular, lunule excavately lengthened. Bropprtp, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 44. Hab. Valparaiso (from sandy inud at a depth of twenty fathoms) ; Cuming. An opake chalk-white species, with very much the ap- pearance of a tertiary fossil. Species 72. (Mus. Cuming.) VreNUS DISCREPANS. Ven. testdé subpectinato-ovatd, ful- vescente-albd, concentrice costatd, costis tumidis, rotun- datis, confertiusculis, subtus crispato-crenulatis, fer- rugineo-fusco punctatis, ared ligamenti lata. THE DIFFERING VeNUs. Shell subpectinately ovate, fulvous-white, concentrically ribbed, ribs swollen, rounded, rather close-set, crispately crenulated be- neath, dotted with rust-brown, ligamentary area broad. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 22. Hab. Islay, Peru; Cuming. Very like V. Peruviana, with the posterior foliations of the concentric ribs decorticated. Species 73. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus APHRODINOIDES. plano-compressd, fulvescente-alba, griseo-punctatd, un- Ven. testa obliqué cuneiformi, dique concentricée valide liratd, liris acutis, intersti- tiis profunde excavatis, latere antico brevissimo, pos- tico elonguto producto. Tue APHRODINE-LIKE VENUS. Shell obliquely wedge- shaped, flatly compressed, fulvous-white, dotted with grey, concentrically strongly ridged throughout. ridges sharp, interstices deeply excavated, anterior side very short, posterior elongately produced. | | VENUS STRIATULA. Hab. St. Vincent’s Gulf, South Australia ; Angas. More inequilateral than VY. Aphrodina or Peroni, all of which are very closely allied, with the umboes more sharply angular, and, above all, with the ridges, as La- marck describes them, more eminent. Species 74. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS HGROTA. cosa, tenuiculd, albidd, pallidé rufescente-fusco sparsim Ven. testd subquadrato-ovata, ventysi- flammatd, undique dense irregulariter reticulata. THE sSICKLY VENUS. ventricose, rather thin, whitish, sparingly flamed with pale red-brown, densely irregularly reticulated throughout. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, Hab. Singapore; Cuming. This appears to me to differ from any variety of /’. reticulata, and it has no indication of the red colouring so characteristic of the internal hinge margin of that species. Species 75. (Mus. Cuming.) Ven. testé pectinato-orbiculant, al- bidd, cinereo-griseo lineari-punctatd et radiatd, con- SEAN head : : centrice liratd, liris nune acutis nune obtusis, sub- reflecis, interdum undato-corrugatis, confertis. THE FINELY-STRIATED VENUS. cwlar, whitish, linearly dotted and rayed with ash- Shell pectinately orbi- grey, concentrically ridged, ridges now sharp now obtuse, a little reflected, sometimes wave-wrinkled, close-set. Pectunculus striatulus, Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. pl. 12. f. 2. Venus striatula, Donovan. Venus gallina, Maton and Rackett. Venus Pennantii, Forbes. oN: Venus laminosa, Turton. Venus rugosa, Pennant. Venus Prideauaii, Couch. Venus sulcata and costata, Brown. | Hab. European Seas. The large specimen here figured is the Mediterranean June, 1863. VENUS.—Puatr XVII. form of the species. For British examples as originally deseribed by Da Costa, see Plate XX. Species 76. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Apuropina. Ven. testé oblique cuneata, fulvo- Jerrugined, pallidée fusco obscuré reticulata, sublevi- | gata, posticé concentricé corrugato-sulcata. Tur APHRODINE VENUS. fulvous-rust, obscurely reticulated with pale-brown, nearly smooth, concentrically wrinkle-grooved down | the posterior side. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 368. Hab. Australia. A comparatively smooth species, concentric grooves being scarcely distinguishable except on the posterior side. Shell obliquely wedge-shaped, | | | Venus ADAMSII. Species 77. (Mus. Cuming.) Ven. testé quadrato-oblonga, tenuiculd, compressa, sordidé alba, ferrugineo tinctd, concentricé laminato-liratd, liris eximié fimbriatis, interstitiis liris tenuibus numerosis radiantibus pulcherrime cla- thratis. | Apams’ Venus. Shell squarely oblong, rather thin, com- pressed, dead-white, tinged with rust, concentrically laminately ridged, ridges delicately fimbriated, inter- stices beautifully latticed with numerous fine radia- ting ridges. Hab. Japan. A shell of singularly elliptic form, thin and depressed, most elaborately and delicately sculptured throughout. Venus Pl AN Vincent. Brooks, In Sowerby, dél.etJith VENUS. Puate XVIII. Species 78. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS LAMELLATA. Ven. testd oblongo-ovatd, posticé ob- lique trigond, fulvescente-albd, roseo tinctd, concen- tricé lamellatda, lamellis distantibus, crispato-striatis et reflewis, ad angulum posticum fimbriatis et lacunatis, interstitiis levibus. THE LAMELLATED VENUS. Shell oblong-ovate, posteri- orly obliquely triangular, fulvous-white, tinged with rose, concentrically lamellated, lamelle distant, cris- pately striated and reflected, frilled and spouted at the posterior angle, interstices smooth. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. 6. p. 349. Hab. Tasmania; R. C. Gunn. The spouted foliations of the concentric lamelle are quite remarkable in this very beautiful species. Species 79. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Prruviana. Ven. testd subangusté ovatd, calcureo- albd, concentricé costatd, costis tumidis, reflexis, fer- rugineo-tinctis, posticée laminato-appressis. THE Peruvian Venus. Shell rather narrowly ovate, chalk-white, concentrically ribbed, ribs swollen, re- flected, rust-dotted, posteriorly laminately appressed. SowErsy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 22. Hab. Ancon, Peru; Cuming. Tn this species the concentric lamine, instead of being erectly spouted, are appressed. Species 80. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS ORNATISSIMA. culd, sordidé albd, radiatim crebricostatd, costis regu- Ven. testa pectinato-globosd, tenui- laribus, versus marginem duplicibus, concentricé lami- nato-fimbriatd, fimbrid erecta. THE HIGHLY-ADORNED VeENus. Shell pectinately glo- bose, rather thin, dead-white, radiately closely ribbed, ribs regular, duplicate towards the margin, concen- trically laminately frilled, frill erect. Broperip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 44. Hab. Panama (dredged from sandy mud, at a depth of ten fathoms); Cuming. This elegantly-frilled shell, described nearly thirty years ago, is still unique. Species 81. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus PLicata. Ven. testd pectinato-subtrigond, planius- culd, concentrice plicato-laminatd, laminis erectis, su- perne subrefleris, postice bifariam fimbriatis et lacuna- tis, interstitiis levibus. THE PLAITED VENUs. rather flat, concentrically plicately laminated, laminze erect, a little reflected at the top, posteriorly double- frilled and spouted, interstices smooth. GMELIN, Syst. Nat. p. 1130. Hab. West Africa. Shell pectinately subtriangular, Some authors have assigned this well-known species to the V”. dysera of Linnzeus, but so much uncertainty pre- vails as to which species Linnzeus intended to denote by V. dysera, that the name has been expunged from the series altogether, first by Lamarck, and notably so by Deshayes. Species 82. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Kewierrit. Ven. testa subanguste pectinato-ovata, calcareo-albd, ferrugineo-fusco tinctd et radiata, con- centrice lineari-sulcatd, sulcis distantibus, prope umbo- nes subtiliter radiatim liratis, areis intermediis levi- bus, lateribus laminato-alatis. Kexiert’s Venus. Shell rather narrowly pectinately ovate, chalk-white, stained and rayed with rust-brown, concentrically linearly grooved, grooves distant, near the umboes finely radiately ridged, intermediate spaces smooth, sides laminately winged. Hinps, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, p. 65, pl. 19. f. 5. Hab. West coast of Veragua, Central America. Distinguished by foliations on either side, without any intervening lamelli. Species 83. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus aLatus. Ven. testd subtrigono-ovata, fulvescente- alba, spadiceo-fuscescente radictd, umbonibus carneo June, 1863. VENUS.—Prate XVIII. tinctis, levigatd vel subirregulariter striatd, ad latus anticum laminato-alatd. Tup winceD VENus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, fulvous-white, rayed with light fawn-brown, umboes flesh-tinted, smooth or somewhat irregularly striated, laminately winged on the anterior side. Hab. Swan River. A new form of the genus, entirely destitute of lamell, with foliations, few in number, on the anterior side only. Species 84. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Yaresut. Ven. testé subtrigono-ollongd, fulves- cente-croced, levigatd, concentricé lamellatd, lamellis brevibus, subdistantibus, irregularibus, posticé muricato- finbriatis. Yares’s Venus. Shell somewhat triangularly oblong, fulvous saffron-colour, smooth, concentrically lamel- lated, lamellz short, rather distant, irregular, poste- riorly prickly-frilled. Gray, Yates’ New Zealand, Appendix. Hab. New Zealand. The lamella are here comparatively short, but curiously prickly spouted on the posterior side. Venus PUXIX. Sowerby, delet Lith 56 Ve Hen Urs. Puate XIX. Species 85. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Venus supimBricata. Ven. testd pectinato-ovata, crassa, albd, rufo-fusco copiose radiatim maculata et punctatd, concentrice costata, costis latis, obtuse tumidis, radiatim liratis, liris regularibus, interdum duplicibus, lunuld et ared ligamenti late excavatis. THE IMBRICATED VENUS. Shell pectinately ovate, thick, white, copiously radiately blotched and dotted with red-brown, concentrically ribbed, ribs broad, ob- tusely swollen, radiately ridged, ridges regular, some- times duplicate, lunule and ligamentary area broadly excavated, Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 21. Hab. Puerto Portrero, Central America (in fine sand at a depth of thirteen fathoms) ; Cuming. A solid richly-coloured species, with somewhat of the general external aspect of a Pectunculus. Species 86. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus susrucosa. Ven. testd subtrigono-ovatd, fulves- cente-albd, griseo et olivaceo-nigricante conspicue qua- dri-radiatd, levigatd, versus umbones plus minus cor- rugato-costatd, interstitiis crispato-sulcatis et punc- tatis. THe WRINKLED Venus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, fulvous-white, conspicuously four-rayed with ervey and olive-black, smooth, more or less wrinkle- ribbed towards the umboes, the interstices being crisply grooved and punctured. Sowersy, Genera of Shells, Venus, f. 2. Hab. West Columbia ; Cuming. Almost invariably characterized by four conspicuous dark rays. Species 87. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus catiosa. Ven. testd pectinato-ovatd, postice sub- trigono-productdé purpureo-griseo et ferrugineo tinctd et variegatd, radiatim duplicato-liratd, concentric ir- regulariter rude plicato-striata. THE caLLous VENUS. Shell pectinately ovate, posteriorly somewhat triangularly produced, stained and varie- gated with purple-grey and rust, radiately dupli- eately ridged, concentrically irregularly rudely pli- cately striated. Conran, Joum. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol. vii. p. 252. Hab. Sandwich Islands and California. Richly stained within with violet on the posterior side. The lunule and ligamentary area are almost obsolete. Species 88. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus cancetnata. Ven. testa pectinato-ovatd, fulvd, brunneo maculata et aspersd, concentrice laminati, laminis brevibus, distantibus, versus marginem wregu- laribus, radiatim liratd, liris duplicibus, ared liga- menti late excavatd, brunneo strigatd. THE CANCELLATED VENUS. Shell pectinately ovate, ful- yous, blotched and sprinkled with brown, concen- trically laminated, lamina short, distant, irregular towards the margin, radiately ridged, ridges duph- cate, ligamentary area broadly excavated, striped with brown. Linn £us, Syst. Nat. p. 1130. Venus dysera Linnei, Chemnitz. Hab. Yonduras. So much confusion attends the synonymy of the Lin- nean V7. dysera that the species, as already stated, is expunged from the catalogue. Species 89. (Mus. Cuming.) VeNUs PapHtaA. albd, violaceo, fuscescente undique undato-maculata, Ven. testd trigono-ovatd, crassa, carneo- concentrice costatd, costis latissimis callosis, postice erecté laminatis, ared ligamenti latissime excavatd. Tue Papuia Venus. Shell triangularly ovate, thick, flesh-white, wave-marked throughout with violet- brown, concentrically ribbed, ribs very broad and callous, posteriorly erectly laminated, ligamentary area very broadly excavated. Linnavs, Syst. Nat. p. 1129. Hab. West Indies. The type of an exceedingly interesting group, of which some conspicuous examples occur in Plate XXIIT. June, 1863. t jy be 2 i , aka pare F “A yD & heed ie wh 7 Pe brute ‘i » Patent ny ay * : rh Hoagie a enaon ie H oe vn . or s Pull Ve. Vincent Brot Sowerby, del.etlith WeENEU.S: PuaTE XX. Species 90. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS SPURCA. fulvescente-spadiced, violaceo-fusco interdum lineari- Ven. testé ovatd, plus minus crassa, undata, concentrice costatd, costis tumidis, obtusis, confertis, lunuld et ared ligamenti angustis. ‘THE pirty Venus. Shell ovate, more or less thick, fulvous-drab, sometimes linearly waved with violet- brown, concentrically ridged, ribs swollen, obtuse, close-set, lunule and ligamentary area narrow. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 23. Venus crassa, denticulata, mesodesma, spissa, and violacea, Quoy. Venus celata, Menke. Hab. New Zealand; Quoy. Islands ; Cuming. Valparaiso and Philippine A well-marked species, possessing a singularly wide geographical distribution. Fig. 91. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Having figured only the large Mediterranean form of V. striatula (V. gallina, Maton and Rackett), we give here two typical British varieties. Species 92. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus mquizaTera. Ven. testa trigono-oblongd, com- pressi, subequilaterali, fulvescente, carneo-fuscescente late triradiatd, versus murginem fusco lentiginosd, concentricé liratd, liris subtilibus, plano-obtusis, cre- berrimis, plus minus obsoletis, lunuld et ared liga- menti angustis. THE EQUAL-SIDED VeENus. Shell triangularly oblong, compressed, nearly equal-sided, fulvous, broadly three- rayed with flesh-brown, freckied towards the margin with brown, concentrically ridged, ridges fine, flatly obtuse, very close-set, more or less obsolete, lunule and ligamentary area narrow. Donax equilatera, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. p. 12. Venus equilatera, Sowerby, jun. Hab. Japan. This species when catalogued in the Tankerville collec- tion, was referred by Mr. Sowerby, with a note of doubt, to the Venus donacina of Chemnitz, figured below it in the accompanying plate. Species 93. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Perontr. tico brevissimo, subventricosa, fulvescente, griseo lineari- Ven. testaé ovato-cuneiformi, latere an- reticulata, concentricé liratd, liris confertis, plano- obtusis. Peron’s Venus. Shell ovately wedge-shaped, anterior side very short, rather ventricose, fulvous, linearly reticulated with grey, concentrically ridged, ridges close-set, flatly obtuse. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 369. Hab. Australia. Of the same peculiar type as V. Aphrodinoides, but more ovate and gibbous, with the concentric ridges al- most obsolete. Species 94. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS STRIGOSA. subattenuatd, fulvescente-spadiced, concentrice liratd et Ven. testd ovato-cuneiformi, postice striatd, liris striisque counfertis, valde wregularibus, ad latera corrugatis, lunuld et ared ligamenti an- gustis. THE FULLY-STRIATED VENUs. shaped, rather attenuated posteriorly, fulvous-rust, concentrically ridged and striated, ridges and striz Shell ovately wedge- crowded, very irregular, wrinkled at the sides, lunule and ligamentary area narrow. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 368. Hab. Australia. As intimated by M. Deshayes, this may prove to be a ridged variety of V. dphrodina. Species 95. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS DONACINA. Fen. testd trigono-ovatd, compressa, sub@quilaterali, crassd, latere postico fleauoso-angulato, June, 1863. VENUS.—PuatTe XX. antico rotundato, fulvescente, purpureo-griseo undato- lentiginosd, levigatd, vel obscure concentrice plano- lirata. Tur Donax-LIKE VENUs. Shell triangularly ovate, com- pressed, nearly equilateral, thick, posterior side flexuously angled, anterior rounded, fulvous, wave- freckled with purple-grey, smooth, or obscurely con- centrically flatly ridged. Cuemnirz, Conch. Cab. vol. xi. p. 231. pl. 202. f. 1983, 1984. Donax Veneriformis, Lamarck. Venus semicancellata, Koch. Hab. Japan. Chemnitz truly noticed that this peculiar species com- bined the form of Donaw with the hinge of Venus. Species 96. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS SCALARINA. Ven. testa ovato-cuneiformi, nune ventricosiusculd, fulvescente-albd, griseo lineari-undatd, concentrice liratd, liris valde irregularibus, obtusis, ad latera corrugato-productis, ared ligamenti subexcavatda. LADDER-MARKED VeENUus. Shell ovately wedge- shaped, sometimes compressed, sometimes rather ventricose, fulvous-white, linearly waved with grey, concentrically ridged, ridges very irregular, obtuse, corrugately produced at the sides, ligamentary area slightly excavated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 359. Venus conularis, Lamarck. Hab. Australia. compressa nunc THE Very closely allied to V. Aphrodinoides and strigosa, but of a different form with the ligamentary area more defined. on " Venus Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Brooks, Imp. VENUS: PLATE Species 97. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus scasra. Ven. testd ovatd, postice subfleruosa, tenui, sordidé spadiced, radiatim tenuiliratd, concen- trice dense scabroso-fimbriatd, lunuldé subampla, area ligamenti angusté. THE ROUGH VENUs. teriorly, thin, dull fawn-colour, radiately finely ridged, concentrically densely scabrously fimbriated, lunule rather large, ligamentary area narrow. Haney, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844. p. 161. Recent Shells, App. p. 361. pl. 16. f. 24. Hab. Australia. Shell ovate, slightly flexuous pos- A shell of light substance, elaborately scabrously sculp- tured throughout. Species 98. (Fig. a to d, Mus. Cuming.) Venus macropon. Ven. testa oblique trigono-ovatda, postice fleeuoso-productd, crassa, fulvescente-albd, griseo | interdum lentiginosd, interdum omnino violaceo-fuscd, | concentrice rude rugatd, rugis ad angulum posticum | parvis, numerosis, ared ligamenti ampld, latissinda. THe LARGH-TrooTH VuNus. Shell obliquely triangularly | ovate, posteriorly flexuously produced, thick, fulvous- white, sometimes freckled with grey, altogether violet-brown, concentrically rudely wrin- sometimes | kled, wrinkles small and numerous at the posterior angle, ligamentary area large, very broad. Cytherea macrodon, Lamarck, Anim. sais vert. vol. 6. ~p.c827. Cytherea lunulata, Lamarck. Venus macrodon, Philippi. Hab. Brazil. This species, as may be seen from the four specimens selected for illustration, is extremely variable both in form and colour. Species 99. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS flecuoso-altenuatd, fulvescente-spadiced, livido-griseo rLexuosa. Ven. testd ovatd, gibbosd, postice XXI. tinctd et vadiatd, concentricd subrudé rugatd, rugis sulcis linearibus radiantibus erenatis, lunuld ampld, ared ligamenti subangusta. FLEXUOUS VNUs. Shell ovate, gibbous, poste- riorly flexuously attenuated, fulvous-drab, stained and radiated with livid-erey, concentrically rather rudely wrinkled, wrinkles crenated by radiating linear THE grooves, lunule large, ligamentary area rather narrow. Linn us, Syst. Nat. p. 1133. Venus impressa, Anton. Hab, China. A more gibbous shell than the ately produced on the posterior fore, a narrower ligamentary area. preceding, more attenu- side, and having, there- Species 100. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus pecorata. Ven. testd cordato-ovatd, gibbosa, pos- lice atlenuato-productd, fulvescente-albd, ferruginco- Jusco tinctd et radiata, concentric costatd, liris radi- antibus crenato-clathratd, liris posticis scabrosis, lu- nuld et ared ligamenti nitide impressis, intense fuscis. ADORNED VENUS. hous, posteriorly attenuately produced, fulvous-white, THE Shell cordately ovate, gib- stained and radiated with rust-brown, concentrically ribbed, crenately latticed with radiating ridges, pos- terior ridges scabrous, lunule and ligamentary area neatly impressed, dark brown. Bropprip and Sowersy, Zool. Journ. vol. 5. p. 49. Venus bella, Jonas. Hab. West Indies. The latticed sculpture is in strong relief, imparting an elaborately carved aspect to the shell. Species 101. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus squamosa. Ven. testa cordato-ovatd, gibbosiusculd, postice fleauoso-acuminald, sordidée julvescente, ra- diatim liratd, liris confertis, liris lenuibus, scabrosis, rude finbriato-clathratis, lunuld ampla, ared ligamenti ampld, subcompressa. THe scaLeD VENUts. Shell cordately ovate, rather gib- June, 1865. VENUS.—Puate XXI. bous, posteriorly flexuously acuminated, dull-fulvous, radiately ridged, ridges close-set, rudely fimbriately latticed with thin scabrous ridges, lunule large, liga- mentary area large but rather compressed. Linnaus, Syst. Nat. p. 11383. Cytherea squamosa, Lamarck. Hab. Philippine Islands, Bay of Manilla (in sandy mud) ; Cuming. The latticed sculpture of this species is net in sharp relief as in V”. decorata, but crowded and obtuse. Species 102. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS sUBNODULOSA. Ven. testd suboblongo-ovata, sub- equilateral, fulvescente-albd, rosco-fusco tincta et ra- diatin trigono-maculatd, radiatim plicato-costatd, cos- tis et interstitiis undique regulariter lineari-sulcatis, lunulé impressd, intense fusca, ared ligamenti parvd, excavatd, maculata. THE SLIGHTLY-NODULED VENUS. Shell rather oblong- ovate, nearly equilateral, fulvous-white, stained and triangularly radiately blotched with rose-brown, ra- diately plicately ribbed, ribs and interstices regularly linearly grooved throughout, lunule impressed, dark- brown, ligamentary area small, excavated, spotted. Haney, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844. p. 160. Recent Shells, App. p. 360. pl. 16. f. 19. | Hab. Philippine Islands. Encireled with great regularity by fold-like ribs, which, together with the interstices, are beautifully linearly grooved throughout. The grooves can scarcely, however, be said to render the ribs nodulous. Venus Pl. XXI. 107.6. 108. Sowerby; delet lith Vincent Brooks, Imp VENUS. Pirate XXII. Species 103. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS COSTELLIFERA. Ven. testd transverse ovatd, sub- aquilaterali, fulvescente-albd, rufo-fusco sparsim punc- tala, undique radiatim costellatd, costellis confertis, concentricé tmbricatis, lunuld obsoletd, ared ligamenti parvd, angusta. THE FINELY-RIBBED VENUS. Shell somewhat transversely ovate, nearly equilateral, fulyous-white, sparingly dotted with red-brown, finely radiately ribbed through- out, ribs close-set, concentrically imbricated, lunule obsolete, hgamentary area small, narrow. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 79. pl. 21. ete Hab. Philippine Islands ; Belcher. Allied to VY. Marica, but destitute of any posterior fo- liations, and with a much smaller ligamentary area. Species 104. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) Vinus Manica. Ven. testa transverse ovata, subaqui- laterali, utringue umbones subangulatd, fulvescente- alba, interdum roseo tincta, spadiceo-fusco radiatim maculata, radiatinm costellatd, coslellis laminis sca- brosis concentricis imbricatis, laminis ad angulum pos- ticum foliaceis, lunuld et ared ligamenti subamplis, modice impressis, saturate fuscis. Manica Venus. Shell transversely ovate, nearly equilateral, rather angular on either side of the um- boes, fulvous-white, sometimes tinged with rose, ra- THe diately blotched with fawn-brown, radiately finely ribbed, ribs imbricated with lamin, laminz foliaceous on the posterior angle, lunule and ligamentary area rather large, mode- rately impressed, dark-brown. Linn aus, Syst. Nat. p. 1130. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. concentric scabrous It will be seen that a great deal of interesting character is developed in this species. Species 105. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VeNUs BILINEATA. Ven. testd cordato-orbiculari, inter- dum subtriangulari, crassa, fulvescente, olivaceo-fusco undique radiatim bilineatd, radiatim tenuiliratd, con- June, centrice liraté, liris irregularibus, nune laminatis, nunc obtusis, lunuld et ared ligamenti intense fuscis, acute excavatis. TWO-LINED VeENus. Shell cordately orbicular, sometimes rather triangular, thick, fulvous, radiately two-lined throughout with olive-brown, radiately THE finely ridged, concentrically ridged, ridges irregular, sometimes laminated, sometimes obtuse, lunule and ligamentary area dark-brown, sharply excavated. Hab. Gulf of California. A strongly-marked species, partaking of the characters of /”. compta and subimbricata ; all three may, indeed, be different states of one and the same species. Species 106. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS GALLINULA. Ven. tesla transverse ovatd, sub- oblonga, fulcescente, spadiceo-fusco undique punctala, concentrice laminato-costaté, costis numerosis, sub- reflewis, subcrenulatis, lunuld et ared ligamenti modice excavatis. THE HEN VeENvs. Shell transversely ovate, rather oblong, fulvous, dotted throughout with fawn-brown, concen- trically laminately ribbed, ribs numerous, a little re- flected, slightly crenulated, lunule and ligamentary | area moderately excavated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 348. Hab. Australia. Concentrically reflectedly ridged with great regularity, the ridges being dotted throughout with fawn-brown. I follow Mr. Sowerby in assigning this shell to La- marck’s V7. gallinula, but it should be stated that great doubt attaches to that opmion. Lamarck describes his species as being “ cordately elliptic,” which this shell is not. Species 107. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS AUSTRALIS. umbones subtriangulari, fulvescente-albd, ferrugineo- Fen. testd transverse ovatd, utringue roseo interdum tinctd, spadiceo-fusco interrupte tri- radiatd, undique confertim imbricato-clathratd, lunula | et ared ligamenti subangustis. | THE soUTHERN VENUS. Shell transversely ovate, some- 1863. VENUS.—Puatr XXII. what triangular on either side the umboes, fulvous- white, sometimes tinged with rust-rose, interruptedly three-rayed with fawn-brown, closely ‘imbricately latticed throughout, lunule and ligamentary area rather narrow. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835. p. 22. Hab. Australia. Exquisitely sculptured throughout, and almost inva- riably characterized by three interrupted rays of colour. Species 108. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus FascratTa. Ven. testa cordato-orbiculari, com- pressa, crassa, fulvescente-carned vel aurantié, rufo irregulariter radiatim fasciatd, radiatim corrugato- costatd, costis versus marginem calloso-incrassatis et obtusis, lunuld parum impressd, ared ligamenti sub- profunde eacavatda. Tue BANDED VENUs. Shell cordately orbicular, com- pressed, thick, fulvous flesh-colour, or orange, irre- gularly radiately banded with red, radiately wrinkle- ribbed, ribs callously thickened and obtuse towards the margin, lunule but little impressed, ligamentary area rather deeply excavated. Pectunculus fasciatus, Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 188. pl. 13. f. 3. Venus fasciata, Donovan. Venus Brongniarti, Payraudeau. Hab. Buropean seas, from the Mediterranean to the shores of Norway (at depths of from ten to fifty fathoms). The colour of this well-known species varies from bright orange-red to deep purple-red, and sometimes the pattern is not only rayed but reticulately flamed. Venus Pl. XM 109. w. 110. 109.6 116. Vincent Brooks, Imy del.et ith Sowerby, VENUS. Puate XXIII. Species 109. (Fig. 109, a, 4, and 110, Mus. Cuming.) Venus THIARA. Ven. testa cordato-orbiculari, subdepressd, Sulcescente-albd, nitente, purpureo modice radiata, con- centricé laminatd, laminis latis, interdum callosius- culis, subrefleais, postice interruptis et foliaceis. THE TURBAN VeNus. Shell cordately orbicular, rather depressed, fulvous-white, shining, moderately rayed | with purple, concentrically laminated, lamin broad, | sometimes rather callous, a little reflected, interrupted and foliaceous on the posterior side. Dituwyn, Dese. Cat. vol. i. p. 162. Fenus foliacea, Philippi. Hab, ——? An elegantly laminated shell, more or less stained with purple. Species 111. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus pectivis. Ven. lestd orbiculari-ovatd, crassius- culd, fulvescente-albd, purpureo-fusco varie lentiginosd, concentrice laminato-liratd, laminis erectis, regulari- bus, ad latus posticum appressis, ared ligamenti mo- dice excavatd. THE sLopinG VeNus. Shell orbicularly ovate, rather thick, fulvous-white, variously freckled with purple- brown, concentrically laminately ridged, laminz erect, regular, appressed on the posterior side, ligamentary area moderately excavated. SowrerBy, Thes. Conch. part 14. p. 730. pl. 157. f. 123, 124. Hab. P The laminze are unusually regular, rather appressed on the posterior side. Species 112. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Isapeniina. Ven. testd cordato-orbiculari, soli- diusculd, nitente-albd, carneo-purpureo sparsim tinctd, concentrice laminatd, laminis subdistantibus, erectis, ad latus anticum excavato-interruptis, lunuld parvd, ared ligamenti subampla, lata. THe IsaBELLINE VeNus. Shell cordately-orbicular, rather solid, shining white, sparingly tinged with flesh-purple, concentrically laminated, lamin rather distant, erect, excavately interrupted on the anterior side, lunule small, ligamentary area rather large, broad. Priuiper, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Sydney. This may be regarded as the Australian representative of the China /. calophyila. It is a more solid shell, of rounder form, with no posterior foliations of the lamine. Species 113. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS ROBORATA. Ven. crassa, depressi, eburned, concentrice costatd, costis tesla subcordato-orbiculari, conspicue reflewis, ad extremitatem anticam radiatin excavatis, ared ligamenti modice excavatd. THE STRENGTHENED VENUs. Shell subcordately orbi- cular, thick, depressed, ivory-white, concentrically ribbed, ribs conspicuously reflected, radiately exca- vated at the anterior extremity, ligamentary area moderately excavated. Hany, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844. p. 161. Recent Shells, App. p. 361. pl. 16. f. 25. Venus placida, Philippi. Hab. Tasmania. An excellent species of shining ivory-white substance, with the ribs developed in bold relief and obtusely reflected. Species 114. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS CALOPHYLLA. Ven. testd cordato-orbiculari, calcareo- alba, concentricé laminatd, laminis latis, distantibus, declivi-erectlis, ad latus anticum rvadiatim excavatis, ad posticum interrupte foliaceis, ared ligamenti modicé excavata. THE BEAUTIFUL-LEAVED VENUS. cular, chalk-white, coucentrically laminated, laminz Shell cordately orbi- broad, distant, slopingly erect, radiately excavated on the anterior side, interruptedly foliaceous on the pos- terior, ligamentary area moderately excavated. June, 1863. VENUS.—Prare XXIII. Hanuey, Recent Shells, App. p. 361. pl. 16. f. 26. Venus Cumingii, Sowerby. Hab. China. For along time this well-known China shell was re- garded by collectors as the /. thiara. Species 115. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus atta. Ven. testd cordato-trigond, crassiusculd, compressa, fulvescente-albd, carneo-purpurascente lati- yadiatd, concentrice laminatd, laminis callosiusculis, paululum reflexis, ared ligamenti ampld, lalé excavata, intense violaceo-purpured. Tar cuertsHep Venus. Shell cordately triangular, rather thick, compressed, fulvous-white, broadly rayed with flesh-purple, concentrically laminated, lamin rather callous, a little reflected, ligamentary area large, broadly excavated, deep violet-purple. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. part 14. p. 724. pl. 158. f. 131 to 1338, Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A solid compressly-pinched shell, with a broadly-exca- vated burnt purple-stained ligamentary area. Species 116. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Cypria. postice attenuata, fulvescente-albd, carneo-purpuras- Ven. testé trigono-ovatd, subangustd, cente radiatd et aspersd, concentricé costatd, costis plus minus incrassatis, reflecis, postice sublacunatis, lunula et ared ligamenti subamplis. Tue Cypria Venus. Shell triangularly ovate, rather narrow, posteriorly attenuated, fulvous-white, rayed and sprinkled with flesh-purple, concentrically ribbed, ribs more or less thickened, reflected, posteriorly slightly spouted, Iunule and ligamentary area rather large. Sowersy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1852. p. 43. Hab. Isle of Plata, West Columbia. This is not a satisfactory species. It has all the ap- pearance of being an attenuately-produced form of the West Indian /’, Paphia. f { ; ; 7 Ps i , 4 : 7 ip ow - : i ; 7 ae ; ey a i us : 7 i 7 ' Ls : i" - 7 ie ‘ . i) fall { , | x S 7 - u ‘ae i { ’ jl { , i . m i i : 5 i ; { m i i 7 i i i i i ’ = . ' 1 f | . i F { ‘ act D t : 2 { i ' t 1 i : i J : ' i \ ji ‘ \ : ‘ Venus PLANT 196 T24 A238 Vincent Brooks, lm -by, delet lth VEN US. Puate XXIV. Figure 117. (Mus. Cuming.) This shell, which was thought to be an undescribed species, appears to be a rather gibbous form of V. wdu- losa. Species 118. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS IMBRICATA. angulatd, albidd, ferrugineo-fusco tinctd, ad umbones Ven. testé ovato-subcordatd, postice livido-violuced, radiatim costatd, costis crenato-imbri- catis, interstitiis nitide excavatis, pallidis. THE IMBRICATED VENUS. Shell ovately subcordate, posteriorly angled, whitish, tinged with rust-brown, livid-violet at the umboes, radiately ribbed, ribs cre- nately imbricated, interstices neatly excavated, pale. Sowrrsy, Thes. Conch. vol. u. p. 175. pl. 156. f. 81, 82. Venus Cochinensis, Sowerby. Chione imbricata and Cochinensis, Deshayes. Hab, China Seas. A yadiately ribbed Cardita-like shell, the ribs being neatly imbricated throughout with equidistant scales, and the ribs are coloured with a rust-brown hue, while the in- terstices are cleanly excavated and paler in colour. The umboes are livid-violet. Species 119. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Vents FLuctuosa. Ven. testdé subtrigono-ovatd, tenui, compressiusculd, postice subproductd, albidd, epider- mide lutescente nitente indutd, ad umbones plus minus erosd, concentrice irregulariter corrugato-lirata, Tue wavy Venus. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, thin, rather compressed, posteriorly slightly produced, whitish, covered with a shining yellowish epidermis, more or less eroded at the umboes, concentrically ir- regularly wrinkle-ridged. GowLp, Invert. Mass. p. 87. f. 50. Venus Astartoides, Beck. Chione Astartoides, Deshayes. Hab. Greenland; Newfoundland; Bay of Massachusetts, United States. Of quite a different type from any other species of the genus. Species 120. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus cunerFormis. Ven. testd oblique cuneiforini, solidid, compressiusculd, albidd, fusco pallidé lineari- undatad, ad umbones livido-purpurascente, concentrice wregulariter rudé plicato-striatd, striis circa wnbones et ad marginem posticum liratis. WEDGE-SHAPED VENUS. shaped, solid, rather compressed, whitish, faintly THE Shell obliquely wedee- Mey ‘ linearly waved with brown, livid-purple at the um- 5 I boes, concentrically irregularly rudely plicately stri- ated, strize ridged round the umboes and along the posterior margin. 9 Hab. This shell approximates to the Australian 7. Aphrodi- noides, but it differs materially in sculpture. Species 121. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Tasmanica. Jen. testa subtrigono-oblongd, coin- pressd, postice sublruncatd, albidd, livido-purpuras- cente plus minus tinctd eb fasciatd, concentrice plicato- costatis, costis obtuse refleris, ad basin crenulatis, lunula parva, oblongo-cordatd, marginibus denticulatis, intus livido-purpured. THe TASMANIAN VENUS. oblong, compressed, posteriorly rather truncated, Shell somewhat triangularly whitish, more or less tinged and banded with livid- purple, concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs obtusely reflected, crenulated at the base, lunule small, oblong- cordate, margins denticulated, livid-purple within. Hab. Tasmania. An interesting little species of the same peculiar type as M. Deshayes’ /”. mitis, one of its most conspicuous fea- tures being the basal crenulation of the ribs. Species 122. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Beret. pressd, valde inequilaterali, albida, livido-cinereo aut Fen. testa cordato-trigond, solidd, coin- fuscescente tinct, concentrice plicato-liratd, ared liga- menti ampld, curvatd, concavo-excavatd. Berry’s VENts. pressed, very inequilateral, whitish, tinged with livid- Shell cordately triangular, solid, com- March, 1864. VENUS.—Prate XXIV. ash or pale-brown, concentrically plicately ridged, ligamentary area large, curved, concavely excavated . Gray, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 2. f. 2. Chione Berrii, Deshayes. Hal. Australia. A solid well-marked species, of a peculiarly livid tone of colour. » Species 123. (Mus. Cuming.) Vents pxitis. Ven. tesla ovatd, modice convead, ceru- lescente-albd, epidermide corned laevigata tenut induta, lunulaé nulla. Tur SLENDER VENus. Shell ovate, moderately convex, bluish-white, covered with a thin smooth horny epi- dermis, no lunule. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 359. Hab. Ceylon. It is not without considerable doubt that I refer this shell to Lamarck’s Venus evilis. It is of very simple cha- racter, covered with a smooth horny epidermis. Species 124. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Saunier. Ven. testd trigono-Donaciformi, versus margines compressa, albidd, cinereo-griseo latiradiatd, lalere antico levigato, vel exiliter plicato, postico dense clathrato. SaLLb’s Venus. Shell triangularly Donax-shaped, com- pressed towards the margins, whitish, broadly rayed with ash-grey, anterior side smooth or faintly concen- trically plicated, posterior side densely latticed. Hab. PBird’s Island, Caribbean Sea; Salle. A very characteristic little species, with the general as- pect of a Donav. Species 125. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus vartcosa. Ven. testd oblique trigond, subcor- data, albidd, fulvescente-rufo obscure radiata et li- neari-marmoratd, concentrice costata, costis crassissi- mis, latissiinis. Tue varicose Venus. Shell obliquely triangular, some- what heart-shaped, whitish, obscurely rayed and li- nearly mottled with fulvous-red, concentrically ribbed, ribs very thick and very broad. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. vol. ii. p. 723. pl. 155. f. 67. Chione varicosa, Deshayes. Hab, Bay of Mexico. Remarkable for the very broad and solidly-developed character of its concentric ribs. Venus PLAT Sowerby. del et lith ; Vincent Broaks, In Ve NC UGS. PEATE OX Vi Species 126, (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) VENUS UNDULOSA. compresse convex, albidd, rnfo-fusco plus minus lineari- Ven. testa trigond, subequilalerali, undatd, concentricé tenuistriatd. THE wavep Venus. Shell triangular, nearly equilateral, compressly convex, whitish, more or less linearly waved with red-brown, concentrically finely striated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 370. Fenus undulosa ad variabilis, Sowerby. Chione undulosa, Deshayes. Hab. Swan River, New Holland. Of an unusual equilaterally triangular form, more or less copiously waved with red-brown lines upon a white ground, Species 127. (Mus. Brit.) VENUS MITIs. clivi-acuminatd, opaco-alba, unbonibus roseis, concen- Ven. testa subtrigono-ovatd, postice subde- trice laminato-costatd, costis calloso-reflexis, in inter- stitiis radiatim crenatis, intus purpurascente. THe mitp VENus. Shell somewhat triangularly-ovate, posteriorly rather slopingly acuminated, opake-white, rose-coloured, concentrically —lamellately ribbed, ribs callously reflected, radiately crenated in the interstices, purple within. Chione mitis, Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. p. 142. Hab. Swan River, New Holland. umboes A delicate opake-white Cordula-like shell, rose-coloured at the umboes, delicately crenulated in the interstices be- tween the concentric ribs. Species 128. (Mus. Cuming.) VeNUS GEMMA. liqua, pellucido-albd, livido-purpurascente tinctd, con- Ven. testé subtrigono-orbiculari, subob- centrice tenue lirato-striatd. THE GEM VENUS. lar, rather oblique, pellucid white, tinged with livid- purple, concentrically finely ridge-striated. Torre, Sillim. Journ. vol. xxvi. p. 367. f. 2. @ to d. Gemma gemma, Deshayes. Hab. Massachusetts Bay, United States. Shell somewhat triangularly orbicu- “This beautiful little amethystine gem, as it has been appropriately called,” says Dr. Gould, ‘is found in great abundance on all the sandy shores of Massachusetts Bay. Colonel Totten found it in Newport Harbow, beyond which its range is not known.” Species 129. (Mus. Belcher.) VENUS QUADRANGULARIS. Ven. testa subquadrato-ovatd, compressiusculd, pallidé stramined, nitente, umbonibus roseis, concentrice tenue irregulariter striatd, lunuld parum distineta. THE QUADRANGULAR VeENvs. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather compressed, pale straw-colour, shining, pink at the umboes, concentrically finely irregularly striated, lunule but little distinct. Apams and Regvs, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 79. pl. 24. foie Chione quadrangularis, Deshayes. Hab. Corean Archipelago. Peculiarly square-formed, of a light shining straw-co- lour, with pink umboes. Species 130. (Mus. Brit.) Venus ruperata. Ven. testd late oblique ovatd, sordide alba, tenué radiatin liratd, liris binis, concentriceé pli- catd, plicis valde irregularibus, ad latus posticuin rude laminatis, lunuld nulla. THE RUDE VENUS. white, finely radiately ridged, ridges in pairs, concen- trically plicated, plaits very irregular, rudely lamel- Shell broadly obliquely ovate, dead- lated on the posterior side, no lunule. Chione ruderata, Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. p. 1 Hab. California. Of peculiarly rude growth, with much of the 36. general aspect of a Venerupis. Specics 131. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS OBESA. minatd, solidd, gibbosiusculd, lacted, violaceo-griseo Ven. testé oblique ovatd, posticé subacu- nitide obscure radiata, levigatd, epidermide tenui cor- ned parti induta. THe stour Venus. Shell obliquely ovate, posteriorly March, 1864. VENUS.— PiatEe XXV. rather acuminated, solid, rather gibbous, cream-co- | lour, delicately obscurely rayed with violet-grey, smooth, partially covered with a thin horny epidermis. Cytherea obesa, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. ii. p. 626. pl. 131. f. 83, 84. Dione obesa, Deshayes. my) Hab. A solid gibbous shell belonging more strictly to the genus Dione. Species 132. (Mus. Brit.) VENUS OBOVALIS. trice dense minute striatd, striis plus minus erosis, hic wlic obsoletis, ad marginem posticum rude plicato- Ven. testé ovata, opaco-alba, concen- corrugatis, lunuld pared. THe ovat Venus. Shell ovate, opake-white, concentri- cally densely minutely striated, striae more or less eroded, here and there obsolete, rudely plicately wrinkled on the posterior margin, lunule small. Chione obovalis, Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus, p. 154, Hah. ? A peculiarly soft opake-white shell, distinguished by a characteristic style of sculpture. Species 133. (Mus. Belcher.) VENUS ELEGANS. cordatd, candida, postice subangulatd, concentricé cos- Ven. testa oblongo-ovatd, compressé tata, costis subdistantibus, irregularibus, laminato-re- flexis, praesertim ad angulum posticum, lunuld parva, THE ELEGANT VuENUS. Shell oblong-ovate, compressly heart-shaped, white, posteriorly faintly angled, con- centrically ribbed, ribs rather distant, irregular, Ja- mellately reflected, especially on the posterior angle, lunule small. Apams and Regve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 79. pl. 24. ity, JLBy Chione elegans, Deshayes. Hab. China Seas. A delicate white shell, neatly sculptured with irregular concentric lamellae, which are stronger on the posterior angle. Species 134. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS IRREGULARIS. Ven, testd cordato-ovatd, calcareo- alba, concentricé laminato-lirata et striatd, laminis struisque versus marginem numerosis gradatim confer- tioribus et irregularibus. THE IRREGULAR VeENUs. Shell cordately ovate, chalk- white, concentrically lamellately ridged and striated, lamellae and striae numerous, gradually more close- set, and irregular towards the margin. Hab. Mouth of the Gaboon, West Africa. The concentric lamellee are tolerably equidistant around the umboes, but soon they become particularly crowded | and irregular, IBD. Venus PL XXVT. 137 @ ent Brock: VENUS. PLATE Species 135. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS STRIATISSIMA. Ven. lestd suboblongo-ovatd, antice subventricosd, postice subacuminatda, fulvescente-albd, rufescente-fusco maculata, liris radiantibus striisque lamelliformibus concentricis undique nitide clathratd. THE MUCH-STRIATED VENUs. Shell rather oblong-ovate, anteriorly somewhat ventricose, posteriorly somewhat acuminated, fulvous-white, mottled with red-brown, neatly latticed throughout with radiating ridges and concentric lamelliform striz. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. ii. p. 718. pl. 157. f. 103-105. Chione striatissima, Deshayes. Hab. New Holland. A beautifully-sculptured shell, belonging to the /. ma- rica section of the genus. Species 136. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus Layarpt. Ven. testd suboblougo-ovatd, postice flexuoso-acuminati, fuloescente purpureo-fusco tincté, concentrice costatd, costis callosis, ad marginem pos- ticum bifariam obtuse squamatis, costarum interstitiis radiatim crenulatis, marginibus denticulatis. Lavarp’s VENus. Shell rather oblong-ovate, posteriorly flexuously acuminated, fulvous, tinged with purple- brown, concentrically ribbed, ribs callous, obtusely doubly scaled on the posterior margin, interstices be- tween the ribs radiately crenulated, margins denticu- lated. Hab. Ceylon; E. L. Layard. An interesting flexuosely-winged species, of the same crenulated type as the Australian 7, mi¢is and the Tasma- nian V. Tasmanica, Species 137. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) ' VENUS ovaTa. ticé declivi-truncatd, fulvescente aut grised, fusco spar- sim maculata, radiatim costatd, costis confer tis, undique Ven. testd ovatd vel oblongo-ovatd, pos- dense plicato-crenatis, lunuld via nulla. Tue ovate VENvs. teriorly slopingly truncated, fulvous or grey, spa- ringly blotched with brown, radiately ribbed, ribs Shell ovate or oblong-ovate, pos- March, XXVI. close-set, densely plicately crenated throughout, scarcely any lunule. Pennant, Brit. Zool. vol. iv. p. 206. pl. 59. f. 3. Venus spadicea, Renieri. Venus pectinula, Lamarck. Venus radiata, Scacchi. Cytherea ovata, Thompson. Chione ovata, Deshayes. Hab. Kuropean Seas. This pretty species of our own shores has a wide range throughout the European Seas passing into the Atlantic. The little specimen given at Fig. 137 a is from one of the Cape de Verd Islands. Species 138. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Venus pyaGmMma. Ven. testd cordato-oblongd, compres- siusculd, valde inequilaterali, albidd, fusco vel pur- pureo-rosco maculata, interdum vivide radiata, liris radiantibus lamellis concentricis fimbriatis undique con- Sertim clathrata. pyGMY Venus. Shell cordately oblong, rather compressed, very inequilateral, white, spotted with brown or purple-rose, sometimes brightly rayed, closely latticed throughout with radiating ridges and THE concentric frilled lamellee. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 337. Chione pygmea, Deshayes. flab. West Indies. A beautifully-sculptured latticed species, in which the concentric lamella are furbelowed. Figure 139. (Mus. Cuming.) This proves to be a specimen of V’. exilis, already de- scribed and figured in Plate XXIV. Species 140. (Mus. Cuming.) VENUS CERINA. culd, fulvescente-albd, ad lunulam et ad aream liga- Fen. testa subquadrato-cordatd, solidius- menti fusco sparsim lineatd, concentricé dense striata, 1864. VENUS.—PuatEe XXVI. striis hic illic confluentibus, im interstitiis decussatim crenulatd, ad latera tenué radiatim plicatd, umbonibus subrostratis. THE WAXEN VeENUs. Shell somewhat squarely heart- shaped, rather solid, fulvous-white, sparingly lineated with brown at the lunule and ligamentary area, con- centrically densely striated, striae here and there con- fluent, decussately crenulated in the interstices, finely radiately plicated at the sides, umboes rather beaked. | C. B. Apams, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. 2 This little species will be found, on examination with the lens, to be full of character. Species 141. (Mus. Cuming.) Venus GLoBuLus. Ven. lestd globoso-cordatd, poslicé subtruncatd, solidiusculd, fulvescente-alld, undique densé calloso-liratd, liris subirregularibus, hie illic subreflexis, lunuld ampld, subindistineta. Tub GLOBULE VENUS. Shell globosely heart-shaped, a little truncated on the posterior side, rather solid, fulvous-white, densely callously ridged throughout, ridges rather irregular, here and there a little reflected, lunule large, rather indistinct. Hab. ? A solid globose shell, elaborately concentrically ridged from the umboes throughout, with very much of the general appearance of a Lucina. UNGAMSII ACCCCE ae weve wie oe egrota, Reeve equilatera (Donaz), Seren AMMNIS, SOE DYin.)c15 a1. wo cle = BI ATUISNEACEU ER ok Sieielesit cite aici albinay Sowerbayf. see ctic eee alboradiata, Sowerby ......... allay SOwe709/) leyere acs ssc fel cr ate) = = Amathusia, Philippi .......... antiqua (Dosina), Gray........ Aphrodina, Zamarck.......... Aphrodinoides, Lamarck ...... asperrima, Sowerby..........- ASLOTLOTIES NBECK fy ce) enero o ate australis, Sowerby ...........- Bella ® JOnAaster ya seveverers cvs aencteasts Beryl, G7'aync se en 0: Bronguiarti, Californiensis, Broderip ...... CalloSami Com ad) se) 5c cieleie = eieneee calophylla, Hanley............ cancellata, Donovan :......... cancellata, Linneus........... cardioides, Lamarck .........- CASINANLANNEUS Ze s/s ereeseee oe casinula, Deshayes:., 0.01.4... Cerna, (Cl Ba Ad ais ae creasye.es)1 Chemnitzil, Hanley........... Chalensis, Sowerby. .............+ clathrata, Deshayes........... Cochinensis, Sowerby......... Columbiensis, Sowerby ........ Compta; Brodenip! sone. - conularis, Lamarck COLS SOW ENON eels lone k ies Pelt corbis, Lamarck.’. 2... 06. os os COSLALO DTOW Deion eine costellata, Sowerby. . costellifera, ddams oe Ree crassa, Quoy . crassicostata, Quay and (Cotta crebrisulca, Sowerby........++ bilineatan /eereiaa.sciant eueie-ker Payraudeau ...... celata, Menke .............. Plate. XVII. VLE XX. XII. XVIII. DIN III. XXIII. XI. IX. XVII. XVII. Vile XXIV. XXII. XXI. XXIV. XXII. XXII. XX. XL. XIX. XXIII. XII. XIX. VIIE. We XVI. XXVI. X. XVII. IX. XXII. XX. XII. XVI. VENUS: Species. crenata. Gmelines .ecehaeto eae crenulata;,, Chemnitz -sc55.0.... crispata, Deshayes............ Cumingii, Sowerby... .2.5.:.... cuneiformis, Reeve............ Cypria, Sowerby Cyprinoides, Anton ....-....-- dechivis; ‘So7enby) ran asthe decorata, Broderip and Sowerby. . denticulata, Quoy ............ discors;, Sowerby. . esese discina, Lamarck ............ discrepans, Sowerby ...... donacina, Chemnitz ...... Dombeii, Lamarck............ dysera, Chemnitz) saccades 2s eburnea, Reeve elegans, ddams and Reeve...... entobapta, Jonas enycind.wPennanton, -mietssire VAARGO AO SL ee BAN We Cytherea PLL. Sowerby, delet lith Vincent Brooks, In Cay Hts hon Ay, GATE le Genus CYTHEREA, Lamareh. Tesla subtrigono-ovata, plus minus turgida, crassiuscula, levigata, rarissime sculpta, marginibus integris. Cardo in utrdque valvd tridentatus, dente antico subremoto, lateraliter compresso. Impressio pallii postice via sinuala. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, more or less turgid, rather thick, smooth, very rarely sculptured, margins entire. Hinge in each valve three-toothed, anterior tooth rather distant, laterally compressed. Impres- sion of the mantle scarcely sinuated posteriorly. Unwilling to give up the well-known generic name of Cytherea, it is here used for the characteristic group of smooth Veneride, of which the Lamarckian C. petechialis, impudica, and meretriv ave examples, constituting the genus Meretrix of Dr. Gray, of M. Deshayes. With these are included the species, typified by the Linnean Venus tripla, and separated by those authors under the head of Trigona. They are chiefly natives of China and the Philip- pine Islands, All of which we have any record of their habitation in the New World are six from Central America, two from West Indies, and two from California. None are reported from Australia or New Zealand. C. éripla is a native of Senegal. The only European Cytherea is C. ni- tidula of the Mediterranean. Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA GRAPHICA. postice subproductd, flavescente-grised, notis fuscis Cyth. testa subtrigono-cordatia, hieroglyphicis profuse oblique radiatd, coucentricé rugosa. THE GRAPHIC CYTHEREA. heart-shaped, posteriorly somewhat produced, yel- | lowish-grey, profusely obliquely rayed with brown hieroglyphic marks, concentrically rugose. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p- 300. Meretrix graphica, Deshayes. Hab. Sumatra. Shell somewhat triangularly Distinguished among other characters by the numerous rays of hieroglyphic marks, | Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) CyTHEREA DOLABELLA. pressd, vivlaceo-lacted, epidermide corned fulvo-olivaced Cyth. testa acute trigond, com- nitente indutd, latere postico conspicné arcuato-pro- ducto. Tue LirrLe HaTcHET CyrHerea. Shell sharply trian- gular, compressed, violet cream-colour, covered with a shining fulvous-olive horny epidermis, posterior side conspicuously arcuately produced. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 619. p!. 127. f. 19. Hab. Red Sea. This and the preceding species represent the extreme forms of the genus as indicated by the subgeneric titles Triyona aud Meretriv. It will be seen that in C. yra- phica the posterior margin is convex, while in C. dolabella it is absolutely concave. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA CRASSATELLOIDES. Cyth. testé oblique ovata, suboblongd, modice trigond, crassd, ponderosa, ventri- cosd, epidermide corned crassd indutd, epidermide lacled, purpureo-violaceo radiata. THE CRASSATELLA-LIKE CYTHEREA. ovate, rather oblong, moderately triangular, thick, Shell obliquely heavy, ventricose, covered with a thick horny epi- dermis, epidermis cream-colour, rayed with purple- violet. Zrigona Crassatelloides, Conrad, Ann. Nat. Sci. Phila- delphia, vol. vii. p. 253. pl. 19. f. 17. Cytherea Crassatelloides, Hanley. Cytherea (Trigonella) Crassatelloides, Hinds. Hab. Bay of California. The colouring of this species resides in the horny epi- dermis, with which the shell is entirely enveloped. Species 4. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA DAMAOIDES, cunel- form, postice arcuato-acuminatd, solidiusculd, flaves- Cyth. testd compressé cente-spadiced, interdum carneo-fusco radiata, interduin griseo profuse undato-punctata. THE DEPR-LIKE CYTHEREA, shaped, posteriorly arcuately acuminated, rather solid, Shell compressly wedge- yellowish fawn-colour, sometimes rayed with flesh- brown, sometimes profusely wave-dotted with grey. Venus damaoides, Gray, Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 2. f. 17. Cytherea damaoides, Hanley. Trigona damaoides, Gray. 2 Hab. t A solid compressed Donax-shaped shell, in which the colouring is extremely variable. February, 1864. Seth _ eae 4:4 FE eit eae oe vain acs woe ee cong able rT a as 25s esis aim ag ona : Meng pe tle aie eae BH A plaice: © . ioe A - Kanga i cae ten Sassen poke apes + a ag Senay, | ee. oe ewe ee Series 1 OU A tech a Fake - ey rr oe ie sere: Be bee | : op oe 4 : ey@ens SK a 5 eC ee ORG alot ss ‘ eer Sy oy” : ‘ Gist aw Ry ae Rites es tf WES ie! AP VEE ne tee Mogy ‘ Ce ee ae 2 ih A bc eee aft’. a* G-3 wn oan igs eet Sie | ore foes oe es Cytherea Pll Sowerby, del. et. lith Vincent Brooks Ir CY Trane AT. Puate II. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA PONDEROSA. Cyth. testd subquadrato-trigond, crassa, ponderosd, sordideé lacted, roseo-purpurascente pallidé radiaté, leviusculd, nitente, concentricé ru- gosd, ared ligamenti latiusculd. THE HEAVY CyTHErEA. Shell somewhat squarely tri- angular, thick, heavy, dull cream-colour, faintly rayed with rose-purple, nearly smooth, shining, con- centrically rugose, ligamentary area rather broad. Haney, Deser. Cat. p. 107. Trigona damaoides, var., Deshayes. Hab. ——? M eshayes quotes this species as a variety of C. da- , which is a distinct form of uniformly smaller size. Species 6. (Mus. Cuming.) ‘EREA CASTANEA. oblique productd, crassa, levigatd, nitente, pallide cas- taned, violaceo pallidée radiatd, latere postico violaceo tincto, marginibus albis. THE CHESTNUT CyTHEREA. Shell ovately heart-shaped, posteriorly obliquely produced, thick, smooth, shi- ning, light chestnut, faintly rayed with violet, poste- rior side stained with violet, margins white. Cyth. testa ovato-cordata, postice Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 299. Meretrix castanea, Deshayes. Hab. China. There is a variety of this species in which the chestuut colouring is replaced by pale yellow. Species 7. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREBA PETECHIALIS. Cyth. testd subtrigono-ovata, Sulvescente-lacted, maculis undatis nigricante-fuscis concentrice nebulatd, latere postico oblique curvato, levigatd, epidermide corned nitente indutd. THE PETECHIAL CyTHEREA. Shell somewhat triangu- larly ovate, fulvous cream-colour, concentrically clouded with ark-brown zigzag marks, posterior side obliquely curved, smooth, covered with a shi- ning horny epidermis. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 229. Meretrix petechialis, Deshayes. Hub, China. Lamarck’s French translation of the specific name | given by him to this species is “ petechiale,” but I have | sought in vain to discover its meaning, unless it refers to the shore of the province of Pe-tche-li, China, as one of the places of habitation. January, 1864. Lae et tate emmenncrertnmee Cytherea Pll Vincent Brooks Sowerby, del. et lith CYTHEREA. PLATE Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) CyrHereA Lamarckit. Cyth. testa trigono-ovatd, sub- oblonga, crassd, concentrice rugosa, flavescente-albd, violaceo pallidissime late radiata, epidermide corned Sulvd partim induta, lunuld viv nulla. Lamarck’s Cytuerna, Shell triangularly ovate, rather oblong, thick, concentrically rugose, yellowish-white, very faintly broadly rayed with violet, partially co- vered with a fulvous horny epidermis, scarcely any lunule. Meretrix Lamarckii, Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. p. 39. Hab. China Seas. Of a characteristic, oblong-oval form, with the faint violet rays very much diffused over the shell. Species 9. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) j ‘HEREA ZONARIA, Cyth. lestd trigono-ovatd, postice subacuminato-productd, levigata, albidd, castaneo pro- fuse concentricé lineari-undatd, epidermide corned fulva indutd, area ligamenti concaviusculd, interdum lividd. . GIRDLED CYTHEREA. Shell triangularly ovate, pos- | teriorly somewhat acuminately produced, smooth, whitish, profusely concentrically linearly waved with chestnut, covered with a fulvous horny epidermis, | ligamentary area slightly concave, sometimes livid. HI. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 299. Meretrix zonaria, Deshayes. Hab. China and Japan. This comes very near to certain forms of C. pefechialis, and is possibly a variety of that species. Species 10. (Mus. Cuming.) CyTHEREA IMPUDICA. Cyth. testd subtrigono-ovatd, pos- tice arcuato-productd, crassit, levigatd, nitente, anran- tio-lacted, postice livido-cinered, circa umbones fusco punctatd, marginibus albis. THE IMMODEST CyTHEREA. Shell somewhat triangu- larly ovate, arcuately produced ou the posterior side, thick, smooth, shining, orange cream-colour, livid- ash posteriorly, detted with brown about the umboes, margins white. Lamarck, Anin. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 299. Cytherea meretria, Lamarck. Meretrix impudica, Deshayes. Hab, China and the Philippine Islands. The warm and comparatively colourless tint of this shell is no unimportant character of the species. The livid-ash ligamentary area presents a conspicuous con- trast. Jaiuary, 1864. — Cytherww Fld Vincent Brook: Sowerby, del.et lith CYQR HEE RTA. Puate IV. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA ARGENTINA. Cyth. testd trigond, medio tu- midd, ad basin rotundatd, utrinque subacuminatd, le- vigatd, flavescente-albd, epidermide fulvd corned in- dutd. Tue sttvery Cyruerea. Shell triangular, tumid in the middle, rounded at the base, somewhat acumi- nated on either side, smooth, yellowish-white, covered with a fulvous horny epidermis. SowexBy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 46. Lrigona argentina, Deshayes. Hab. Central America. The shell of this species is not unfrequently covered by a soft, velvety, chalk-white tissue, resembling a fungus. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA MORPHINA. Cyth. testd subtrigono-cordata, postice acuminato-productd, crassa, leviusculd, nitente, concentrice rugosa, cinereo-albd et aurantio-carned, violaceo radiatim tinctd, praesertin ad latus posticum. THe MORPHINE Cyruerea. Shell somewhat triangularly heart-shaped, posteriorly acuminately produced, thick, nearly smooth, shining, concentrically rugose, ash- white and orange-flesh colour, radiately tinged with violet, especially on the posterior side. Lamanck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 300. Meretrix morphina, Deshayes. Hab. China. A solid delicately-coloured shell, of almost porcellanous substance, Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.) CyrmEREA LYRATA. Cyth. testd subtrigono-rotundata vel ovata, ventricosd, solidi, sordidé lacted, epidermide tent pellucido-corned indutd, ad aream ligamenti livido-nigricante, transversim concentric? corrugato- liratd, liris latis, obtusis, irregularibus, interdum con- fluentibus. THE HARP-STRINGED CyTHErREa. Shell somewhat tri- angularly rounded or ovate, ventricose, solid, dull cream-colour, covered by a thin transparent horny epidermis, livid-black at the ligamentary area, trans- versely concentrically wrinkle-ridged, ridges broad, obtuse, irregular, sometimes flowing together. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 621. oe PE Bile Meretrix lyrata, Deshaves. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. A very striking species, sculptured throughout with nregularly confluent, obtuse, concentric ridges. Species 14. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA FORMOsA. Cyth. testd oblongo-ovatd, postice suboblique productd, lacted, pallidé violaceo concentrice Jasciatd, castaneo ab umbonibus remote biradiata. THE BEAUTIFUL Cyruprea. Shell oblong-ovate, poste- riorly rather obliquely produced, cream-colour, con- centrically banded with faint-violet, distantly two- rayed from the umboes with chestnut. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 620. pl. 129. f. 47. Hab, ——? As in many other species of this genus, differing little from each other in form, the colouring is very charac- teristic. January, 1864. Asihit we ‘~2 2 2 eying Cytherea Pl 18¢ Sowerby, del. et lith. Vincent Brooks, In CNet Tin Re Ee Ay. PEATE, Vie Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA LEVIGATA. Cyth. test@ ovato-trigond, subequi- laterali, tenuiculd, lutescente-albd, violaceo tinctd et concentrice fasciatd, umbonibus violaceis, levigatd, ni- tei) 7 Tue smootH CyTHEREA. Shell ovately triangular, nearly equilateral, rather thin, yellowish-white, tinged and concentrically banded with violet, umboes violet, smooth, shining. Trigona levigata, Gray, Cat. Cyth. Anal. vol. viii. p. 304. Hab. A delicate species, of nearly equilateral triangular form. 2 Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Cyrnerea tTRIPLA. Cyth. testa trigono-cuneiformi, medio gibbosd, utrinque peculiariter late compressi, sordide flavescente-alba, nunc aurantio tinctd, interdum cinereo- griseo radiata, solida, levigatd, vel dense concentricé striata, areis lateralibus laté excavatis. THE TRIPLE CyTHerea. Shell triangularly wedge-shaped, gibbous in the middle, peculiarly broadly compressed on each side, dull yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with orange, sometimes rayed with ash-grey, solid, smooth or densely concentrically striated, lateral areas broadly excavated. Venus tripla, Linneeus, Mant. p, 545. Cytherea tripla, Lamarck. Trigona tripla, Gray. . Senegal. A solid triangular shell, extremely varied in colour, ving the lunule and ligament areas pinched, as it were, into broad excavations. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA VENTRICOSA. Cyth. testa cordato-trigond, gib- bosissima, griseo-albd, epidermide corned fulvd partin indutd, latere antico tmmerso, latere postico arcuato, laté abrupte truncato, area ligamenti perampla, ex- cavatd. THE VENTRICOSE CyTHEREA. Shell cordately triangular, very gibbous, greyish-white, partially covered with a fulvous horny epidermis, anterior side immersed, pos- terior side arched, broadly abruptly truncated, liga- mentary area very large, excavated. Trigona ventricosa, Gray, Cat. Cyth. Anal. vol, viii. p. 504. Cytherea ventricosa, Sowerby. Hab. China. This fine species is the most gibbous and abruptly trun- cated of the genus, and none of similar type approaches it in size. Species 18. (Fig. a, 6, ce, Mus. Cuming.) CytHerea Macrroipes. Cyth. testd trigond, ventricosd, subequilaterali, utrinque subcompressd, albidd, rufes- cente-castaneo plus minus tinctd et radiata, epider- mide corned fulvd interdum partin indutd, levigatda. Toe Macrra-LIke CYTHEREA. Shell triangular, ven- tricose, nearly equilateral, rather compressed on each side, whitish, more or less rayed and stained with reddish-chestnut, sometimes partially covered with a fulvous horny epidermis, smooth. Venus Mactroides, Born, Test. Mus. Vind. Venus corbicula, Gmelin, Cytherea corbicula, Lamarck. Trigona corbicula, Gray. Trigona Mactroides, Deshayes. Hab. West Indies. The colouring is mostly reddish-chestnut, though ex- tremely variable in design. The lateral areas are rather broader than in C. radiata and other allied species. January, 1864. (As aroy hoes es ck pees Beds | 2 ae Awe Hf ry Nii) call «Magy? Loh? ae Ms eon ABLE ae Iiactaied ge oN ae ‘ ron : oe oH 64h es) se oH a ea Aig erin ee sone Cytherea PU. ] Vincent Brooks, imp Sowerby, delet lith CYR Eh EA. PLATE) Vil, Species 19. (Pig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Cyroprea ovum. Cyth. lestd ovatd, solidissimad, gibbd, antice cordatd, posticé subproductd, albidd, epider- mide grised vel rufescente-aurantid indutd, latere pos- tico intus extusque violaceo-tincto. Tue p@G Cyrnurea. Shell ovate, very solid, gibbous, anteriorly heart-shaped, posteriorly a little produced, whitish, covered with a grey or reddish-orange epi- dermis, posterior side stained within and without with violet. Haney, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 21. Meretrix ovum, Deshayes. I’. Madras. \ solid, gibbous shell, varying in form, as in the spe- cimens figured, from subglobose to oval, of a grey or red- dish-orange colour, deeply stained with violet, chiefly in the interior, at the posterior extremity. Species 20. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA LUSORIA. Cyth. testd subtrigono-ovatd, solidd, | subequilaterali, alba, spadiceo-rufo nebulatd et fasciatd, | imfra epidermide pallidé fulod, levigatd, nitente, area | ligamenti lividd. THe sportive CyrHerea. Shell somewhat triangularly | ovate, solid, nearly equilateral, white, clouded and banded with fawn-red, beneath a pale fulvous epi- | dermis, smooth, shining, ligamentary area livid. Meretriv lusoria, Rumphius, Amb, pl. 42. f. G. Fenus lusoria, Chemnitz. Cytherea lusoria, Lamarck. | Hab. China Sea. The fawn-red, or iron-mould colouring of this species, is mostly constant. | Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) | CyTHEREA vestita. Cyth. testd ovald, subtrigond, mo- dice depress, solidiusculd, fulvescente-lacted, violaceo pallide multiradiata, epidermide intensé olivaceo-fuscd induld, concentrice rude striald, ared ligamenti lividd. | Tur cLorHpp CyrHerba. Shell ovate, slightly trian- gular, moderately depressed, rather solid, fulvous cream-colour, faintly many-rayed with violet, covered with a dark olive-brown epidermis, concentrically rudely striated, ligamentary area livid. Hab. ——? I cannot refer this to any described species. Its colour- ing and epidermis are quite peculiar. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) CYPHEREA STULTORUM. Cyth. testd oblango-ovatd, sub- Donaciformi, modice depressd, alvido-grised, flaves- cente-roseo pallidé fasciatda, levigatd, nitente, latere antico compresse rotundato, postico exilissime flecuoso- angulato. THe FooLs’ CyrHerbA. Shell oblong-ovate, somewhat Donax-shaped, moderately depressed, whitish-vrey, faintly rayed with yellowish-rose, smooth, shining, anterior side compressly rounded, posterior very faintly flexuously angled. Douax stultorum, Gray, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 2. f. 2. Trigona stultorum, Gray. Hab. Indian Ocean. A very delicately tinged, shining shell, of rather com- pressed growth. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) CytHerba BicoLtor. Cylh, lesld aculeé trigond, depressé cuneiforimi, albd, epidermide pallidé fuled induta, le- vigatd, lunuld et ared ligamenti peramplis, planis, ared violacco-castaned. THE TWO-COLOURED CyTHerra. Shell sharply trian- gular, depressly wedge-shaped, white, covered with a pale fulvous epidermis, smooth, lunule and liga- mentary area very large, flat, area violet-chestnut. Trigona bicolor, Gray, Anal. 1838, vol. vill. p. 304, Cytherea bicolor, Hanley. Hab. Senegal. A sharply-angled shell, of a violet-chestnut eclour on the largely-expanded ligamentary area, while all the rest of the shell is white. January, 1864. Cytherea PL VI. Vincent Brooks, Imp Sowerby, del.et lith. OY TH ER E A Prann) Valle Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) Cytuprea DiLLwynt. compressiusculd, subequilaterali, spadiceo-fuscd, vio- Cyth. testd trigono-cunerforini, lacco-fusco pallid? radiata et concentrice fasciatd, lu- nula subampld, oblongo-ovali. Ditiwyn’s CyrHerea. Shell triangularly wedge-shaped, rather compressed, nearly equilateral, fawn-brown, | faintly rayed and concentrically banded with violet- | brown, lunule rather large, oblong-oval. | Cytherea mactroides, Sowerby (not of Lamarck), Thes. | vol. 1. p. 615. pl. 128. f. 36. Trigona Dillwyni, Deshayes. Hab. Indian Ocean. A solid, Donax-shaped shell, neatly cross-banded and rayed with violet-brown. | Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) | CyTHEREA CASTA. Cyth. testa ovatd, via cordatd, sub- depressi, solidiuscula, glaucescente-grised, pallidissime radiata, laevigata, nitente. THe cuaste CytHprea. Shell ovate, scarcely heart- shaped, somewhat depressed, rather solid, glaucous- grey, very faintly rayed, smooth, shining. Venus casta, Chemnitz, Conch. Czb. vol. vi. p- 349. pl. 33. f. 346. Cytherea casta, Lamarck. Meretrix casta, Deshayes. Hab. Ceylon. The shining glaucous-grey colour, indistinctly rayed, is a characteristic feature of this species. Species 26. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CyrHERgA asrricra. Cyth. testa subtrigono-cordatd, yibba, solidd, postice subproducta, olivaceo-spadiced, rufo tinctd, radiis duobus subdistantibus nigris aut fuscis notatd, levigatd, nitente, lunuld indistinctd. vieD CyrHerea. Shell somewhat triangularly heart-shaped, gibbous, solid, slightly produced pos- teriorly, olive-fawn colour, tinged with red, marked | THe January, with two rather distant black or brown rays, smooth, shining, lunule indistinct. A) Hab. Allied to C. casta, but of a more gibbous, heart-shaped form, distinctly produced at the posterior side. The two distant rays of black or brown are striking, but they may not be permanent. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA RADIATA. Cyth. tesla trigono-ovatd, postive subproducta, solidd, yibbosd, fulvescente, rufescente- brunneo profuse radiata et concentrice fasciatd, levi- gata, hand nitente, antice subplicato-corrugatd, epider - mide corned partim indutd, lunuld ampla. RAYED Cyrtubrea. Shell triangularly ovate, rather produced posteriorly, solid, gibbous, fulvous, pro- fusely rayed and concentrically banded with reddish- brown, smooth, not shining, obscurely plicately wrinkled on the anterior side, partially covered with a horny epidermis, lunule large. SoweERBy, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 23. Fenus Salangensis, D’Orbigny. THe Cytherea gracilior, Sowerby. Trigona Byronensis, Gray. Trigona radiata, Deshayes. Hab. Salango and Xipixapi, West Columbia (in sandy mud, at the depth of nine fathoms) ; Cuming. Of a solid, triangular form, obscurely plicately wrinkled on the anterior side, profusely rayed with light red-brown, not shining, but partially covered with a horny epidermis. Species 28. (Mus. Cuming.) CyruEREA NUBILA. Cyth. testd trigono-cordata, gibbd, presertim ad latus posticum, fuled, pallide fusco pro- Suse undatd et fasciatd, levigatd, nitente, ared posticd perampla, lata, pland. Tue cLoupy Cyraerea. Shell triangularly shaped, gibbous, especially on the posterior side, heart- fulvous, profusely waved and banded with light 1864. CYTHEREA.—Prate VII. brown, smooth, shining, posterior area very large, broad, flat. 9 Hab. Of a much more gibbous triangular form than C. ra- diata, the posterior area being peculiarly large, broad, and flat. The surface is moreover smooth and glossy. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA TRIGONA. Cyth. testé abbreviato-trigond, ad umbones acuminata, solida, compressa, fulvd, rufo- fusco concentrice undulata, latere postico subangulato, lunuld oblonga, indistincta. THE TRIANGULAR CyTHEREA. Shell shortly triangular, acuminated at the umboes, solid, compressed, ful- vous, concentrically waved with red-brown, posterior side rather angled, lumue oblong, indistinct. Donker, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. ? This appears to be a very distinct species, of solid, acu- minately triangular growth. out with faint red lines. It is finely waved through- Cytherea PU. V. 336 vecent Brooks, Sowerby, del. et lith CT Hel Rh: EA. Puate VII. Species 30, (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA VIRGINEA. gond, subequilaterali, crassiusculd, cinerascente-albd, Cyth. testé oblongo-ovatd, late tri- obscure radiata, levigatd vel concentrice rugosd, latere postico subquadratim fleruoso-rostrato, Tue virain Cyruerna. Shell oblong-ovate, widely tri- angular, nearly equilateral, rather thick, ash-white, obseurely rayed, smooth, or concentrically rugose, posterior side somewhat squarely flexuously beaked. Apams and Reeve, Moll. Voy. Samarang, p. 78. pl. 24. fi 10): Hab. Moluceas. A very characteristic species, in which the posterior side is flexuously beaked. Species 31. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA INTERMEDIA, Cyth, testd late ovatd, versus umbones trigond, albida, violaceo interdum pallide ra- diatd, epidermide fulod partim indutd, solidd, levi- gatd, concentric? rugosa, latere postico subtruncato. THE INTERMEDIATE CYTHEREA,. triangular towards the umboes, whitish, sometimes faintly rayed with violet, partially covered with a fulvous epidermis, solid, smooth, concentrically ru- gose, posterior side sometimes truncated, SowerBy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 612. pl. 128. f. 39. Trigona intermedia, Deshayes. Hab. California. Shell broadly ovate, Of a somewhat truncately wedge-shaped form, faintly rayed with violet upon a dull cream-coloured ground. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) CyTHEREA CoMPRESSA. Cyth. testd late ovatd, trigond, subcompressd, fulvescente-lacted, fasciis rubescentibus plus minus profuse radiatd, concentricé dense striati, subsericed, latere postico subtruncato. THE COMPRESSED CyTHEREA, Shell broadly ovate, tri- angular, rather compressed, fulvous cream-colour, more or less profusely rayed with reddish bands, con- centrically closely striated, rather silky, posterior side slightly truncated. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 616. pl. 128. f. 33, 34. Trigona coxpressa, Deshayes. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. This and the remaining species of the plate are charac- terized by an unusually broadly ovate-triangular form, all more or less compressed in growth. Species 33. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) eg, CyrHerna unpuLata. Cyth. testa late ovatd, subequi- laterali, versus umbones acute trigond, plano-com- pressi, fulvescente-lucted, violaceo-rubente plus minus radiata, radiis interdum interrupte undulatis, levi- gata, concentricé dense striata, ad latus anticum pli- cato-corrugatd, latere postico subabrupte abbreviato. THE WAVED CyYTHEREA. equilateral, sharply triangular towards the umboes, Shell broadly ovate, nearly flatly compressed, fulvous cream-colour, more or less rayed with violet-red, rays sometimes interruptedly waved, smooth, concentrically closely striated, pli- cately wrinkled on the anterior side, posterior side rather abruptly shortened. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 618. pl. 27. f. 12. Trigona undulata, Deshayes. Hab. Columbia. It wili be seen by the variety given at Fig. 33 6 that the interruptedly waved rays after which the C. wdulata is named, is by no means a constant character of the species. Species 34. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA PLANULATA. cuneiformi, subequilaterali, plano-compressa, fulves- Cyth. testa late ovatd, trigono- centé lacted, violaceo-rubente varie radiatd, epider- mide corned olivaced interdum indutd, concentricé dense striata, ad latus anticum sepe plicato-corrugala, latere postico subabrupte abbreviato, Tue riar Cyruprea. Shell broadly ovate, triangularly wedge-shaped, nearly equilateral, flatly compressed, fulvous cream-colour, variously rayed with violet-red, sometimes covered with an olive horny epidermis, concentrically closely striated, often plicately wrin- kled on the anterior side, posterior side rather ab- ruptly shortened. SRODERIP and SoweErsy, Zool. Journ. vol. 5. p. 48. Donax Lessoni, Deshayes. Trigona planulata, Gray. Fenus planulata, D’Orbigny. Hab. Central America. This and the preceding species run so closely into each other that with a variety of specimens it is scarcely pos- sible to define them, Jauuary, L364. ee : gmal ivy a a = = : & no ame : hat — r noe} a s amie wat 3 A .- ee , whee it Wee a te Eat = 7 4 : - 7 on _ = r a E a a@v - a = a & i pte ze ae if ) res ’ a J Cytherea Pl. IE BY Sowerby, del.et ith. i Vincent Brooks, Imp OY, TH ER A. PLATE LX. Species 35. (Mus. Brit.) CYPHEREA EXILIs. siusculd, ad wnbones acuta, posticé subangulatd, albi- Cyth. testa trigono-ovatd, compres- da, maculis purpureo-rufis sagitteformibus sparsim notatd, epidermide tenui corned indutd, laevigati, ad latus posticum plicato-striatd, THE DELICATE CYTHEREA,. rather compressed, sharp at the umboes, posteriorly marked purple-red arrow-headed spots, covered with a thin, Shell triangularly ovate, slightly angled, whitish, sparingly with horny epidermis, smooth, plicately striated on the posterior side. Meretria evilis, Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. p. 40. Hab. P) The arrow-headed dashes, with which this species is promiscuously sparingly marked, are quite peculiar. Species 36. (Mus. Brit.) CytHEREA POLITA. Cyth. testa subtrigono-ovatd, subarcu- atd, solidd, laevigata, candida, purpureo-carneo radi- ata, nitente, latere postico subanyulato, curvato. THE POLISHED CYTHEREA. ovate, slightly curved, solid, smooth, white, rayed Shell somewhat triangularly with slightly angled, curved. Sowersy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 618. pl. 127. f. 14. Trigona polita, Deshayes. Hab. Natal. purple flesh-colour, shining, posterior side A very delicately tinted shell, smooth and shining. Species 37. (Mus. Brit.) CYTHEREA AMBIGUA. diusculd, depressa, albidd, purpureo-curneo varie ra- Cyth. testa subtrigono-ovatd, soli- diata, lunuld et area ligamenti aurantio-castaneis, la- vigata, nitente. THE DOUBTFUL CYTHEREPA. larly ovate, rather solid, depressed, whitish, variously Shell somewhat triangu- rayed with purple flesh-colour, lunule and ligamen- tary area orange-chestnut, smooth, shining. Trigona ambigua, Veshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. 47. P- | named. Hab, ——? Very like the preceding species, although of a more triangular form. The orange-chestnut colouring of the lunule and ligamentary area is certainly peculiar. Species 38. (Mus. Brit.) CYTHEREA CORPULENTA. lari, solidd, cordato-tumidid, postice obtuse angulatd, Cyth. testa subtrigono-orbicu- levigatd, alba, lineis anrantio-castaneis undatis un- dique picta, epidermide tenui corned indutd, area liga- menti lividd. THE sToUT CYTHEREA. bieular, solid, cordately tumid, posteriorly obtusely angled, smooth, waved orange-chestnut lines, covered with a thin, Shell somewhat triangularly or- white, painted throughout with horny epidermis, ligamentary area livid. Gray, Cat. Cyth. Anal. vol. vill. p. 303. Meretrix corpulenta, Deshayes. 2) Hab. Described from a single specimen in the British Mu- seum, which approximates rather closely to certain va- rieties of C. conaria. Species 39. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit. Fig. 6, Mus. Cuming.) CytHerba Hinpstt. tenuiculd, ad umbones tumidd, utrinque impressd, ful- Cyth. testa trigond, gibbosissimd, vescente-lacted, lineis aurantio-brunneis acute undu- latis conspicué concentricé fasciald, versus marginem ustulato-brunneo plus minus tinctd, levigatd. Hinps’s CyfHerea. rather thin, tumid at the umboes, impressed on Shell triangular, very gibbous, either side, fulvous cream-colour, conspicuously con- centrically banded with sharply waved orange-brown lines, more or less stained with burmt-brown towards the margin, smooth. Hawntey, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 110. Trigona Hindsii, Hanley. Hah. Bay of Guayaquil; Hinds. An excellent species, collected in the above-1amed lo- cality by the assiduous conchologist after whom it is January, 1864. CYTHEREA.—Ptare IX. Species 40. (Mus. Brit.) CytHEREA FULMINATA. laterali, alba, lineis rufo-castaneis copiose undato- Cyth. testa subrhombed, equi- fasciatd, ured ligamenti castaneo tinctd, levigatd vel vugoso-striatd. Shell what rhomboid, equilateral, white, copiously wave- THE LIGHTNING-MARKED CY?PHEREA. some- banded with reddish - chestnut lines, ligamentary area stained with chestnut, smooth, or rugosely striated. | Puiviepr, Abbild. und Besch. Conch. p. 198. pl. 3. f. 4. Trigona fulminata, Deshayes. Hab. ? Of a peculiar rhomboidal form. © ote =< Cyther CW Vg L, x Sowerby delet ith. Vincent Brooks, mp CYTHEREA. PuaTe X. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA TRIGONELLA. Cyth. lestd trigono-ovatd, com- pressiusculd, fuled, licido-purprreo varie tinctd, levi- gatd, latere postico flexnuose truncato. THE TRIANGULAR CyTHEREA. rather compressed, fulvous, variously stained with livid-purple, smooth, posterior side flexuously trun- cated. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 307. Trigona angulifera, Gray. Hab. West Indies. Shell triangularly ovate, The livid-purple colouring of this little species is gene- rally conspicuous on the umboes. Species 42. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA INCERTA. utrinque umbones subexcavatd, albd, levigatd, nitente, Cyth. testa trigono-ovatd, gibbosd, rufescente-fusco obscurissime maculata. THE UNCERTAIN CYTHEREA. gibbous, shghtly excavated on each side of the um- Shell triangularly ovate, boes, white, smooth, shining, very obscurely spotted with red-brown. Sowrrsy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 617. pl. 128. f. 17. Trigona incerta, Deshayes. Hab. San Juan. A small species of the gibbous form of the genus, with the lunule and ligament areas a little excavated. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) CyTHEREA GOULDITI. tice subacuminatd, gibbosa, solidd, albd, concentricé undique dense filoso-lirata. GouLp’s Cytuerea. Shell obliquely triangular, poste- riorly rather acuminated, gibbous, solid, white, con- centrically densely thread-ridged throughout. Hab. Malacca. Cyth. testa oblique trigond, pos- A very distinct, conspicuously-seulptured shell, in Mr. Cuming’s collection, with the above name appended to it in manuscript. Species 44. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA NITIDULA. Cyth. testd suboblongo-ovald, ob- tuse trigond, albidd, fulvo-rubente undique undato- marmoratd et strigald, laevigata, nitente. THE SHINING CYTHEREA. obtusely triangular, whitish, streaked and wave-mot- Shell rather oblong-ovate, tled throughout with fulvous-red, smooth, shining. Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 305. Trigona nitidula, Deshayes. Hab. Mediterranean. A prettily-painted species, nearly equilateral, smooth and shining. Species 45. (Mus. Hanley.) CyrHerea Hanueyana. Cyth. testa trigono-ovald, gib- bosd, postice suboblique producta, albidd, versus uni- bones livido-cerulescente tinctd, rufescente-fusco versus marginem interrupte radiata. Hantey’s Cytuerpa. Shell triangularly ovate, gibbous, posteriorly rather obliquely produced, whitish, tinged towards the umboes with livid-blue, interruptedly rayed towards the margin with red-brown. Sowexsy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 616. pl. 128. f. 23, 24. Trigona Hanleyana, Deshayes. ? Hab. Distinguished by a characteristic, interruptedly rayed painting of red-brown on a blue-white ground, passing into a deep livid colour at the umboes, Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) This proves to be a larger specimen of C. Gouldii, de- scribed at Species 43, and figured above it in the Plate. Species 47, (fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) CyTHEREA PHILIPPINARUM. Cyth. testd cordato-ovatd, inequilaterali, subventricasd, crass, albidd, violaceo- purpurea plus minus profuse lineari-undulatd, radiata et tinctd, concentricé undique dense plicato-costatd, lu- nuld intense purpureo-rosed. Tue Purtrprine Cyruerea. Shell cordately ovate, in- equilateral, slightly ventricose, thick, whitish, more January, 1864. CYTHEREA.—Ptate X. or less profusely linearly waved, rayed and stained with violet-purple, concentrically plicately densely ribbed throughout, lunule deep purple-rose. Han ey, Pro. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 110. Meretrix Philippinarum, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming. A closely ribbed species, elaborately painted with fine | zigzag linear waves of violet-purple, and sometimes stained throughout with that colour. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) CYTHEREA FUMEA. pressa, fumeo-spadiced, ad umbones livida, deinde rufo- fusco acute concentrice undulata, levigatd, nitente. Tur smoky CyrHprpa. Shell somewhat triangularly- ovate, compressed, smoky fawn-colour, livid at the umboes, then sharply concentrically waved with red- brown, smooth, shining. 2 Hab. Cyth. testd subtrigono-ovatd, com- | This little shell appears to differ in form from any other species, while it is characterized by a distinct style of painting. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) CyYTHEREA GRava. Cyth. testa cordato-ovatd, ad umbo- nes subacuminatd, postice oblique producta, fulvescente- spadiced, concentrice perconspicue plicato-costatd, costis subdistantibus, interstitiis excavatis. PLEASING CyTHEREA. Shell cordately ovate, rather acuminated at the umboes, obliquely produced pos- teriorly, fulyous fawn-colour, concentrically very con- spicuously plicately ribbed, ribs rather distant, with the interstices excavated, Meretrix grata, Deshayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853. Hab. China Sea. THE Remarkable on account of its general external resem- | blance to an Astarte. ambigua (Zrigona), Deshayes angulifera (Trigona), Gray .. argentina, S00E70Y.. 1.62256 65 ce astricta, Reeve ....... bicolor (Trigona), Gray... .... Byronensis (Trigona), Gray casta (Venus), Chemnitz ....... castanea, Lamarch.............. compressa, Sowerby ........ corbicula (Venus), Born conpulenta; (Grays... a2 4-2 a Crassatelioides (Trigona), Conrad . . damaoides (Venus), Gray....... Dillwyni (Zrigona), Deshayes ... . dolabella, Sowerby . . exilis (Meretriv), Deshayes .... formosa, Sowerby .............- fulminata, Philippi Iquyar (et pVAPT ARO ci cooky Sach apio pera ae GonldieReeneie. . ak seo GPRECHHOS SONU 5 Gee oo oo do oF STAD NICH, PUAINAI Cham ean. oe els eee grata (Meretrix), Deshayes ...... Hanleyana, Sowerby ............ Hindsii, Hanley impudica, Lamarek: ANCE EA, SOWET UY eae ere aete sites a) ee intermedia, Sowerby ............ CYeT Hane Rane A. Species. 37 Oo Re w aw ew wm Lamarckii (Meretrix), Deshayes. . . . leevigata (Trigona), Gray........ Lessoni (Donax), Deshayes ...... lusoria (Merefriz), Rumphius . . lyrata, Sowerby .... eae: Mactroides (Venus), Born... . meretrix, Lamarck... . morphina, Lamarck .... nitidula, Lamarck nubila, Reeve. ... ovum, Hanley petechialis, Lamarck . . Philippinarum, Hanley........ planulata, Broderip and Sowerby .. polita, Sowerby ......... ponderosa, Hanley radiata, Sowerby ........ Salangensis (Venus), D’Orbigny stultorum (Zrigona), Gray trigona, Dunker. . trigonella, Lamarck .... tripla (Venus), Linnaeus undulata, Sowerby........ ventricosa (Zrigona), Gray VESbILA, LLCCUE. © oe ass sen chet vedere virginea, 4dams and Reeve zonaria, Lamarck ........ MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS BE Ah Gye SIN, av: “ Call me goddess, nymph, divine, and rare, Precious, celestial.’’—Shakespere. Dione . Sowerby, del. et hth Vincent I DIONE. Puate I. Genus DIONE, Megerie. Testa ovata, turgidiuscula, nunc subincrassata, sepissime concentrice costata, nunc tenuis, laevigata, valde in- @quilateralis, marginibus integris. Cardo in utrdque Im- | | valed tridentatus, dentibus vix divergentibus. pressio pallii postice sinuatus, sinu subprofundo. Shell ovate, rather swollen, sometimes rather thick, and mostly concentrically ribbed, sometimes thin and — smooth, very inequilateral, margins entire. Hinge in each valve three-toothed, teeth scarcely divergent. | Impression of the mantle sinuated posteriorly, sinus rather deep. Two very distinct forms, represented respectively by the Linnean Venus Erycina and V. leta, ave referred to the genus Dione, even by those who have subdivided the family of Veneride into more genera than it has been In the first of these groups the shells are large, sometimes smooth and | deemed advisable to adopt in this work. highly polished, sometimes concentrically ribbed, and all more or less conspicuous for their brillianey of colouring ; in the second the shell is thin, inflated, and almost colour- less. The most remarkable species are a group, of which D. Veneris is the type, inhabiting Central America and | the West Indies, in which the concentric ridges are pro- longed on the posterior angle of the shell into spines. | The general distribution of Dione is the same as that of Central America, the Philippine Islands, and Australia are the principal places of habitation. Venus, though not half so numerous in species. There are, however, three important species, D. Hagenowi, florida, and umbonella, from the Red Sea, and we have a remarkably fine species for so northern a latitude as our own in D. Chione. D. um- bonella is quoted as being a native also of Brazil; and another instance is presented of the same species being found in both hemispheres in D. sqwalida, which was cer- tainly collected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, and is reported to inhabit California also. | Species 1. (Fig. 1 a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Drone Fuoripa. Dion. testd ovatd, versus marginem com- pressiusculd, lacted vel cinered, fulvo-fuscescente ple- rumque minute undatd et variegatd, versus marginem nigricante-violuceo conspicue late radiatd, latere pos- lico oblique producto, antico concentrice lineari-sulcato, sulcis subdistantibus, lunuld nigricante-violaced, area ligamenti nitide strigata. FLORID DIONE. towards the margin, cream-coloured, or ash, generally THE Shell ovate, rather compressed minutely waved and variegated with fulvous-brown, conspicuously broadly rayed towards the margin with dark-violet, posterior side obliquely produced, an- terior side concentrically nearly grooved, grooves rather distant, lunule dark-violet, ligamentary area neatly streaked. Cytherea florida, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 305. Cytherea pulchra, Gray. Chione pulchra, Gray. Cytherea Erycinella, Lamarck. Dione florida, Deshayes. Hab. Red Sea. This very pretty species is sculptured in a very charac- teristic manner on the anterior side by a series of rather distant concentric linear grooves, the posterior being smooth. Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione Festiva. Dion. testd suboblongo-ovatd, postice subattenuatd, solidiusculd, fulvescente-spadiced, vio- laceo-roseo radiatd et fasciatd, latere antico concen- trice lineari-sulcato. Tue prerry DIONE. riorly a little attenuated, rather solid, fulvous-fawn, rayed and banded with violet-pink, anterior side con- centrically linearly grooved. Cytherea festiva, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 625. pl. 130. f. 72. Dione festiva, Deshayes. TTab. Bastern Seas. Shell rather oblong-ovate, poste- Conspicuously distinguished by its pretty violet-rose colouring. Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) Drone Erycina. Dion. testd subcordato-ovatd, valde in- aquilaterali, crassiusculd, spadiceo-fusca, versus mar- ginem aurantio-rufo tinetd, chocolato-fusco interru le radiata, concentricé undique lineari-sulcatd. February, 1864. DIONE.—Puate I. Tue Erycina Dionn. Shell somewhat cordately ovate, very inequilateral, rather thick, fawn-brown, stained with orange-red towards the margin, interruptedly rayed with chocolate-brown, concentrically linearly grooved throughout. Venus Erycina, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1131. Cytherea Erycina, Lamarck. Chione Erycina, Gray. Dione Erycina, Deshayes. Hab. Indian Ocean. This very common species is quite remarkable for the richness and brillianey of its colouring. Species 4. (Pig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Dionz Cuinensts. Dion. testé suboblique ovata, postice subattenuatd, depressd, spadiced, violaceo vel fus- cescente varie radiata et fasciatd, presertin versus marginem, latere antico concentricé lineari-sulcato. Tue Cuina Dione. teriorly somewhat attenuated, depressed, fawn-co- Shell rather obliquely ovate, pos- Joured, variously rayed and banded with violet or light-brown, especially towards the margin, anterior side concentrically linearly grooved. Venus Chinensis, Chenmitz, Conch, vol. ii. p. 227. pl. 202. f. 1976. Cytherea Sinensis, Sowerby. Hab. China Seas; New Holland. Very closely allied to D. festiva, but more depressed and more attenuated posteriorly. Species 5. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE LILACINA. Dion. testa subcordato-ovatd, valde inequilaterali, posticé subattenuatd, spadiceo-fusces- ceute, obscure lineari-radiatd, versus marginem lila- cind, concentrice undique lineari-sulcatd, costis inter- mediis convexiusculls. Toe trac Dione. Shell somewhat cordateiy ovate, very inequilateral, posteriorly rather attenuated, fawn- brown, obscurely linearly rayed, stained towards the margin with lilac, concentrically linearly grooved throughout, the intermediate ribs rather convex. Cytherea lilacina, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p- 303. Chione lilacina, Gray. Dione lilacina, Deshayes. Hab. Australia. Coloured towards the margin with a very peculiar tone of lilac. ‘Dine Pm Vincent Bre Sowerby, del.et hth DIONE. Pruate II. Species 6. (Fig. 6 a, Mus. Cuming.) Dione semisutcata. Dion. testa suboblongo-ovatd, gib- bosiusculd, lacted, violaceo-cinereo variegatd, latere postico subattenuato, lavigato, antico rotundato, con- centrice requiariter sulcato. THE HALF-GROovVED Drone. Sheil rather oblong-ovate, somewhat gibbous, cream-coloured, variegated with violet-ash, posterior side rather attenuated, smooth, anterior rounded, concentrically regularly grooved. Oytherea semisulcata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 624. pl. 131. f. 82. Dione florida, vav., Deshayes. Hab. Australia. M. Deshayes considers this species a variety of D. flo- rida. If so, it isavery distinct form of it, more gibbous, and attenuated posteriorly. It will be observed that the numbering of the figures in this plate, owing to some confusion of the lithographer and carelessness of the author, does not agree with the num- bering of the species. Species 7. (Fig. 6 4, Mus. Cuming.) Dione Hacenowt. pressd, fulvo-spadiced, fuscescente tinctd et interrupte Dion. testé subtrigono-cordatd, com- radiata, concentricé plicato-sulcata, latere postico sub- obliquo, violaceo marginato, lunuldi et ared ligamenti castaneo strigatis. HaGenow’s Dione. date, compressed, fulvous-fawn, tinged and inter- Shell somewhat triangularly cor- ruptedly rayed with pale-brown, concentrically pli- cately grooved, posterior side rather oblique, edged with violet, lunule and ligamentary area streaked with chestnut. Cytherea Hagenowi, Dunker, Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1848, p- 184. Cytherea spathulata, Sowerby. Dione Hagenowi, Gray. Hab. Red Sea. The most characteristic features in the painting of this species are its dark-violet posterior margin and the bold chestnut zigzag streaks of the lunule and posterior area. Species 8. (Fig. 6 ¢ and 8 a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Dione impar. Dion. testd oblongo-ovali, crassiusculd, gib- bosd, levigatd, nitente, albidd, violaceo-cinereo aut Susco varie radiata, fasciata et maculatd, latere postico levigato, antico concentrice regulariter sulcato. THE UNEVEN Dione. Shell oblong-oval, rather thick, gibbous, smooth, shining, whitish, variously rayed, banded, and spotted with violet-ash or brown, pos- terior side smooth, anterior concentrically regularly grooved. Cytherea impar, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 304. Dione impar, Deshayes. Hab. Swan River. This very beautifully painted porcelain-lke shell be- longs to the same well-marked type as D. florida and semi- sulcata, in which the shell is prominently concentrically grooved on the anterior side only. Species 9. (Fig. 7 and 9, Mus. Cuming.) DIONE CosTata. productd, turgidd, albidd vel spadiced, fuscescente in- Dion. testa ovata, versus marginem sub- terrupte eviliter radiatd, ad marginem sepe nigricante- violaced, concentric undique dense plicato-costatd. Tue ripBep Dion. Shell ovate, somewhat produced towards the margin, swollen, white or fawn-colour, faintly interruptedly rayed with light-brown, often dark-violet at the margin, concentrically densely ph- eately ribbed throughout. Venus costata, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. pl. 226. pl. 202. f. 1975. Dione costuta, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Swan River. This very fine species partakes very much of the cha- racters of the old Dione Erycina, Wut they are perfectly distinct. August, 1863. Arg Se ee bay 3 an : ) ‘2 Ta auc —_ oy 7 a Vs rt ve ; = ; te Li zr he eae . ial ty i ine ot it he Oa he : eee mae jarirng eas A at ” ; - — a << aie = 2. : ~ er y " | A a os = sd ih 7 es : 7” “4 a - . 7 binge i 7 ve ee nee HY wore Nee nd Loi aa wit is MH arn ‘SSeMES O ae win ut ‘ ee Melt 1 wi alta & in et oui oe a ware ‘hy oT faa thy id Nie oF me bait ele <9 snyder rye eave a a. oi] Ld june eae : - P Ragu ae in r @ , hx Py eg ha iy aio sa ot oa -~ ; mit - Pa a i iit Perk ae vant Org aie a . i aie cena AW i a Hh wai wine gilt ul’ ‘oid che men m ue om ae Phe ee im) . rer as Pw - 6 2 io yrwaeas hye ie : eo? \ ih 7 sitet ‘s ei eli 4 +7, ake De eyitht ae Saale RM ae ae ; "Alec oa es nome ga M aly ws i aN di ; ae ‘7 © le, _ coe a ey i sy =e | ee cy ~aP be new ~ ou aa % pe art oni ns atoe he ae fers ES Pe Ric Phe : V ila Dione Pll t Lith Sowerby, del da. DLO NE. Priate III. Species 10. (Mus, Cuming.) Dione squatipa. Dion. testd subcordatd, posticé sub- attenuata, infra epidermide corned nitente sordideé fused, ewilissimée radiata, versus umbones marmoratd et undato-maculata, levigatd. Tue uGty Drong. Shell subcordate, slightly attenuated posteriorly, dull fuscous beneath a shining horny epidermis, very faintly radiated, mottled, and wave- blotched towards the umboes, smooth. Cytherea squalida, Sowerby, Pro. Zool, Soc. 1835, p. 23. Venus squalida, D’ Orbigny. Cytherea biradiata, Sowerby. Cytherea elegans, Koch. Hab. California; Philippine Islands. The mottled pattern of this otherwise dull species is very characteristic. Species 11. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Dione mMacuLata. Dion. testd ovali, compressiusculd, posticé oblique subproductd, spadiceo-alba, violaceo- fusco maculata vel undatd, epidermide nitente corned induld. Tue spotted DI0NE. posteriorly obliquely somewhat produced, fawn-white, blotched or waved with violet-brown, enveloped with Shell oval, rather compressed, a shining horny epidermis. Pectunculus maculatus, Lister, Conch. p. 270. f. 106. Le Jouret, Adamson. Venus maculata, Linneus. Cytherea maculata, Lamarck. Dione maculata, Gray. Hab. West Indies; Brazil; Pacifie Ocean. An ancient and well-known species, widely distributed in both hemispheres. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE AURANTIA. Dion. testd globoso-ovatd, crassa, tur- gidd, carneo-aurantid, epidermide levigatd corned in- dutd, concentricé obscure plicato-striatd, postice vic angulatda. Tue ORANGE Drone. Shell globosely ovate, thick, swollen, flesh-tinged orange, covered with a smooth horny epidermis, concentrically obscurely plicately striated, scarcely angled on the posterior side. Chione aurantia, Gray, Analyst, vol. vill. p. 305. Cytherea aurantiaca, Sowerby. . Dione aurantia, Deshayes. Hab. Acapulco, South America. The delicate flesh-orange colouring of this fine species is reduced to a more or less dull horny hue by the over- It is of a bold globose form, indistinctly angled on the posterior side. lying epidermis. August, 1863. Dine Pl Vincent Brook very, del. et, Lith ec Oow DIONE. Puate IV. Species 13. (Mus. nob.) DionrE Cutone. Dion. testd ovali, solidd, compressiusculd, concentricé plicato-striatd, fulvo-spadiced, fusco-rubente obscure fasciatd et maculato-radiatd, margine dorsali subelevato. Tur Cutone Dione. Shell oval, solid, rather com- pressed, concentrically plicately striated, fulvous- fawn, obscurely banded and radiately spotted with fulvous-red, dorsal margin rather elevated. Venus Chione, Linneus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1131. Pectunculus glaber, Da Costa. Cytherea Chione, Lamarck. Chione vulgaris, Gray. Hab, Kuropean and Mediterranean Seas. This fine species is a very conspicuous object among British bivalves ; it is, however, comparatively rare on our shores. It is abundant in the Mediterranean. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Dione Grava. Dion. testé transverse ovatd, subpectinata, Jflavescente-lacted, violaceo-castaneo radiata et undatd, concentrice erebricostatd, lunuld et ared ligamenti castanco strigatis. Tue prerry Dione. Shell transversely ovate, some- what pectinate, yellowish cream-colour, rayed and waved with violet-chestnut, concentrically closely ribbed, lunule and ligamentary area streaked with chestnut. Cytherea pectoralis, Sowerby (not of Lamarck), Thes. Conch. p. 625. pl. 130. f. 75. Dione grata, Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. p. 62. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A well-marked beautifully painted species. Species 15. (Mus, Cuming.) DIONE NOBILIS. Dion. testé orbiculari-cordatd, crassa, candida, epidermide tenui corned nitente indutd, con- centricé plicato-costatd, costis valde irregularibus, cor- rugatis, hic illic intermissis, non parallelis. Tue NosLe Dionne. Shell orbicularly heart-shaped, thick, white, covered with a thin shining horny epi- dermis, concentrically plicately ribbed, ribs very ir- regular, wrinkled, here and there intermitted, not parallel. Cytherea nobilis, Reeve, Pro. Zool. Soe. 1849, part i. p: 126. Dione nobilis, Deshayes. Hab. California. This fine shell has very much the form of an Artemis. The sculpture is a mass of concentric wrinkles. August, 1863. thy et Ug Pee cea Ty Le LytaraaT ek en Co Wee fi ONL LN NON, at a Vey — Sowerby, del. et lith. Vincent Brooks, it DIONE. Puate V. Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) DIonE vuLNeERATA. Dion. testd orbiculari, lacted, au- rantio-fusco tinctd tenuiradiatd et marmoratd, intense | violaceo concentrice lineata, undique concentricé pli- cato-striatda. Tue wounpEeD Drone. Shell orbicular, cream-colour, tinged, finely rayed and mottled with orange-brown, concentrically lineated with deep violet, concentrically | plicately striated throughout. Cytherea vulnerata, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 46. Dione vulnerata, Deshayes. Hab. Real Liejos, Central America. An exquisitely-painted shell, delicately pencilled with orange-brown and violet on a ground of warm cream-co- lou. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE GIGANTEA,. spadiceo-albd, ceruleo-griseo radiata, epidermide corned Dion. testé oblongo-ovali, compressa, castaned versus marginem indutd, levigatd, vel concen- tricé plicato-striata. Tue Gigantic Dione. Shell oblong-oval, compressed, fawn-white, rayed with blue-grey, covered towards the margin with a chestnut horny epidermis, smooth, or concentrically plicately striated. Venus gigantea, Chemnitz, Conch, Cab. vol. x. p. 354. pl. 171. f. 1661. Cytherea gigantea, Lamarck. Dione gigantea, Deshayes. Hab. Bay of Mexico. This well-known species is one of the few shells in which the radiated painting is of a blue-grey colour. To- | wards the margin it is covered by a thin chestnut horny epidermis. Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) DIoNE RUTILA. Julvo-lacted, rufo-fusco copiose interrupte radiata, un- dique concentricé plicato-striatd, lunuld et ared liga- Dion. testé subquadrato-ovatd, crassd, menti conspicue undulato-maculatis. Tur ruppy Drone. thick, fulvous cream-colour, copiously interruptedly rayed with red-brown, concentrically plicately striated throughout, lunule and ligamentary area conspicu- ously wave-blotched. Cytherea rutila, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 743. pl. 163. f, 205. Dione rutila, Deshayes. ? Shell somewhat squarely ovate, Hab. A compressed solid shell, conspicuously painted, especi- ally about the margin of the lunule and ligamentary area. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE STRIATA. Jlavescente, posticée fumeo-violaceo abrupte radiata, con- Dion. testa globoso-cordatd, tumidd, centricée dense plicato-striatd. THE stRrarTeD Dione, swollen, yellowish, posteriorly abruptly rayed with Shell globosely heart-shaped, smoky violet, concentrically densely plicately striated. Chione striata, Gray, Analyst, vol. vill. p. 306. Dione citrina, var. Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Compared with D. citrina this species is of a more globose cordate form, less solid, and more swollen. August, 1863. ] ero | a ol re a nef o stat Wh Torna a ha ¢ aay eae ieee = be le MSN aes u)| Rye) Peal aS a Disne Fam Vincent Brooks, inn Sowerby, del. et lith. DLONE. Puate VI. Species 20. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming. } S: a, 4, g DIONE SEMILAMELLOSA. ventricosiusculd, albd, purpureo-violaceo plus minus Dion. testd subtrigono-ovati, tincld, concentrice corrugato-liratd, liris ad latus an- ticum lamellatis, per marginem posticum hic illic longissimeé spinosis, spinis interdum biserialibus. THE HALF-LAMELLATED Drone. Shell somewhat trian- eularly ovate, rather ventricose, white, more or less tinged with purple-violet, concentrically wrinkle- ridged, ridges lamellated on the anterior side, here and there very long-spined along the posterior mar- gin, spines sometimes in two rows. Cytherea lamellosa, Gaudichaud ; Delessert, Recq. de Coq. ple to: Cytherea lupanaria, Lesson. Venus lupanaria, D’Orbigny. Dione lupanaria, Deshayes. Hab, Central America. For reasons which are obvious I think it better to abandon the foul name given to this lovely species by Lesson. Species 21. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE BREVISPINATA. Dion. testd subtrigono-ovatd, ven- tricosiusculd, albd, concentricé erecto-liratd, liris ad latus anticum lamellatis, per marginem posticum brevi- spinalis. Tue sHort-sPINED Dione. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather ventricose, white, concentrically erectly ridged, ridges lamellated on the anterior side, short- spined along the posterior margin. Cytherea brevispina, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 632. pl. 182. ut, JCS), fab. California. No actual spines are developed on the posterior margin of this species. Species 22. (Mus. Cuming.) Dioner MULTISPINOSA. Dion. testd subtrigono-ovatd, ven- tricosiusculd, albd, purpurascente-violaceo interduin pallide tinctdé, concentricé lamellato-liratd, liris ad latus anticum lamellatioribus, latere postico spinis tenuibus copiose biseriatim munito. THE MANY-SPINED Dronn. ovate, rather ventricose, white, sometimes faintly tinged with purple-violet, concentrically lamellately Shell somewhat triangularly ridged, ridges more lamellate on the anterior side, posterior furnished with a double row of numerous slender spines. Cytherea imultispinosa, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. p. 632. pl. 132. f. 112. Hab. Peru. A small form of this peculiar type, in which the con- centric ridges are more thinly lamellate, and the spines more slender and numerous. Species 23. (Mus. Cuming.) Dionn Venerts. Dion. testd subtrigono-ovatd, ventri- cosiusculd, albd, purpurascente-violaceo plus minus tinctd, concentrice lamellato-liratd, liris ad latus an- ticum lamellatioribus, per marginem posticum modice spinalis. Venus’s Drone. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather ventricose, white, more or less tinged with purple-violet, concentrically lamellately ridged, ridges more lamellate on the anterior side, moderately spined along the posterior margin. Concha Veneris, D’Argenville, Conch. pl. 21. f. 1. Venus Dione, Linneeus. Cytherea Dione, Lamarck. Dione Veneris, Deshayes. Hab. West Indies and Central America. The concentric sculpture in this form of the group is not obtusely wrinkled, as in D. semilamellosa, but erect and lamellate throughout ; and the spines are only moderately developed. Species 24. (Mus. Cuming.) DIoNE EXSPINATA. Dion. testd subtrigono-ovatd, ventri- cosiusculd, albd, purpurascente-violaceo plus minus tinctd, concentricé corrugato-liratd, liris ad latus an- ticum lamellatis, per marginem posticum muricato- tuberculatis. THE SPINELESS DIONE. ovate, rather ventricose, white, more or less tinged Shell somewhat triangularly with purple-violet, concentrically wrinkle-ridged, ridges lamellate on the anterior side, prickly tubercled along the posterior margin. Hab. Central America. If the other alleged species of this Plate are distinct from one another, so also is this. Excepting that the spines are wanting, it comes nearest to D. semilamedlosa. August, 1863. Dewan? ey oe Nin ile’ ae ‘ nha aes eae she h village se lee i sae: eee Ae Dhione Pl Oye ao Vincent Brooks, lr Sowerhy, del.et lith DIO PLatTE Species 25. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Dione circtnata. Dion. testd rotundato-ovatd, interdum subtrigond, rufescente-purpured, nonnunquam radiata vel alba, liris erectis concentricis undique dense funi- culatd, liris ad latera laminatis. THE ROUNDED Drone. Shell rotundately ovate, some- times rather triangular, reddish-purple, sometimes rayed or white, densely corded throughout with erect concentric ridges, ridges laminate at the sides. Venus circinata, Born, Test. Mus. p. 61. pl. 4. f. 8. Venus rubra, Gmelin. Fenus Guineensis, Gmelin. Cytherea Guineensis, Lamarck. Cytherea alternata, Broderip. Cytherea cireinata, Sowerby. Dione circinata, Deshayes. Hab. Mazatlan. Of a uniform reddish-purple throughout, rusty towards the margin, Species 26. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE RUPESCENS. Dion. testd trigono-ovatd, suboblongi, crass, ventricosd, fulvescente-castaned, ad lunulam el aream ligamenti rufescente, concentricée dense striatd, versus unbones levigata. Tue reDpIsH Dione. oblong, thick, ventricose, fulvous-chestnut, reddish Shell triangularly ovate, rather at the Imule and hgamentary area, concentrically closely striated, smooth towards the wmboes. 9 we Dione rufescens, Deshayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. Cat. Mus. Brit. Conch. p. 67. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. A stout shell of a peculiar fulvous-chestnut colour, red- dish at the lunule and ligamentary area, with somewhat of the aspect of a Crassatella. Species 27. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE UMBONELLA. Dion. testa cordato-ovatd, crassi, ventricosa, nitente violaced, versus umbones pallidiore, August, NOE. VIL. levigatd, latere antico regulariter suleato, sulcis li- nearibus, subdistantibus. Tue umMBoED Dione. Shell cordately ovate, thick, ven- tricose, shining-violet, paler towards the umboes, smooth, anterior side regularly grooved, grooves linear, rather distant. Cytherea umbonella, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p- dl. Cytherea nivea, Hanley. Dione umbonella, Deshayes. Hab. Red Sea; Brazil. In this beautifully-tinted shell the anterior lear grooves are engraved with great regularity. Fig. 28 a, 6 (Mus. Cuming). The two shells here figured are the types of Mr. Brode- rip’s Cytherea alternata. M. Deshayes refers them in his monograph of the Veneride, in the British Museum Cata- logue, to D. circinata, and on comparing them with that species the atlinity is obvious. They represent a variety in which the reddish-purple is either rayed or altogether wanting. Species 29. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione nospa. Dion. testd oblique cordatd, compressd, rosco-purpurascente, obscure fasciatd, concentrice dense liratd, liris ad latus auticum hie illic lametlatis, ad pos- ticu per marginem muricato-lamellatis, via spinosis. THE nosp Dione. pressed, rose-purple, obscurely banded, concentrically Shell obliquely heart-shaped, com- closely ridged, ridges here and there lamellated on the anterior side, on the posterior prickly lamellated along the the margin, scarcely spined. Cytherea rosea, Broderip and Sowerby, Zool. Journ, vol. ly. p. 364, Cytherea lepida, Chenu. Dione rosea, Deshayes. Hab, Panama. This species partakes largely of the characters of the group represented in the preceding Plate. for] oo S Wi ey doy we pes ORY tae . Chany ee 1b. o 7 tty, Ue OPER IE ‘4 aa “Maitys Rey he 30, oa ent, Brooks, | Vinx Sowerby, del.et lith: DEO NE: PLATE Species 30. (Mus, Cuming.) Dione arrints. Dion, testé ovato-oblongd, obtuse tri- angulari, subcompressd, alba, purpureo-violaceo ra- | diatd, lunuld et area ligamenti violaceis, concentricé liratd, liris subreflewis, hic illic corrugatis, latere postico flexuoso, THe autirp Dione. Shell ovately oblong, obtusely triangular, rather compressed, white, rayed with pur- ple-violet, lunule and ligamentary area violet, con- centrically ridged, ridges slightly reflected, here and there wrinkled, posterior side flexuous. Cytherea affinis, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1825, p. 45. Venus Paytensis, D’Orbigny. Dione affinis, Deshayes. Hab. Xipixapi, West Columbia; Cuming. Scarcely distinguishable from the next species except in being rather more flexuously compressed on the posterior side, and in having the lunule and ligamentary area violet. Species 31. (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) Dione concinna. Dion. testé oblongo-cordald, sub- compressa, castaneo-rufai vel albd, purpureo-roseo radiatd, concentricé liratd, liris subreflewis, hie illic corrugatis, latere postico subflexuoso. THE ELEGANT Drone. Shell oblong heart-shaped, rather compressed, chestnut-red or white, rayed with purple rows, concentrically ridged, ridges slightly reflected, here and there wrinkled, posterior side a_ little flexuous. Cytherea concinna, Sowerby, Pro, Zool. Soc, 1835, p. 23. Dione concinna, Deshayes. Hab. Panama, Mazatlan. The details of sculpture are precisely the same in this as in the preceding species. Species 32. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione PurPuRATA. Dion. testé rotundato-cordatd, crassa, violaceo-purpured, pallidé fasciata, marginibus albis, laevigata, concentricé irregulariter plicato-sulcatd, THE PURPLE Drone. Shell rotundately heart-shaped, AAURL, thick, violet-purple, pale banded, margins white, smooth, concentrically irregularly plicately grooved. Lamarck, Anim, sans vert, vol. vi. p. 301, Hab, ? A fine solid porcelain-like shell, distinguished by a charming tone of colour, Species 33. (Fig. a, 4, Mus, Cuming.) Ditonp untcotor, Dion. testa trigono-cordatd, subcom- pressd, crassd, albidd vel castaneo-spadiced, concen- tricé liratd, liris subobtusis, hic illic corrugatis, ver- sus latus posticum interdum obsotetis, THE ONE-coLoURED Drong, Shell triangularly heart- shaped, rather compressed, thick, whitish or chest- nut-bay, concentrically ridged, ridges rather obtuse, here and there wrinkled, sometimes partially obso- lete towards the posterior side. Cytherea unicolor, Sowerby, Pro, Zool. Soe, 1835, p. 23. Chione badia, Gray. Cytherea ligula, Anton, Dione unicolor, Deshayes. Hub, West Columbia. There is a tinge of the characteristic chestnut-bay colouring of this species in the pale variety of it. Species 34. (Mus, Cuming.) Dione cyanus. Dion. lestd trigono-oblongd, subcordatd, postice oblique productd, calcareo-albd, concentrice liratis, liris lamellatis, precipue ad latus anticum, crennlalis et ewasperatis. Tue swan Dione, heart-shaped, posteriorly obliquely produced, chalk- Shell triangularly oblong, somewhat white, concentrically ridged, ridges lamellate, espe- cially on the anterior side, crenulated, and broken. Cytherea cygnus, Lamarck, Anim, sans vert, vol. vi. p. 328. Dione cygnus, Deshayes. Q Hab. A dead-white shell, in which the ridges are finely cre- nulated, and more or less broken. August, 1863. ici nine Sidon ay aie eaes ey oly aE phage | o Sade ratio bans 7 pe ela SAIN TAH oetth et, | ar Med? BN tate: Ue ge! ig i: Kae 3 Pes. Gana arg, ehh wath: Slag 4 ee: hee a - 1 RS sins. pian engi ise Sharia il . aa Aiea LK, SR AGS: Heel? eG | i Ps i - ta Sarena wets Mi Fae ; : et x Pawlet eh ae: ale iti} Se ee. i elas He Toe ' xe hi aati ‘Sam rhey, he Avie eal He per oe s\n ig ae wn bees deal Set ki ee ae rid ae ot Parke ie ; a ., oe) (a" FEA Ee Eas asinine ea p- el : ee Pi Aira. cEaphod i, ‘ee gia ein. bie eadeR ee -olisne in ek a ie = ts sche A ria ite few Paes wie a Ns He i Miah 7 eae rE sure oe Fa" ae as lh (de vive’ Ais ore v- Bar hie ae si es “oo " na’, Pa ee Pad sys : se eh WN : i ‘ er a ie oye ic : wa ak) ai aD wae ee a oy i a ost , eee ‘A: as a ie. yen ORR Sas hes Ah zn Se 1,2 oe, om Ae 7 ae a ae. es Sy 7 2 5 egaeert Ete fhe aie te oe hit bat "tap ve tek ‘ a e: sat ty eae o i ae a ; 5 Pi Eine * or ea. ¥8 nf lh dl ns ‘i ‘eal meal oy ; 3 : os +! ae & ope VY) +a" vare Wecs! ceris : iv Z 44 gar i erlemand fae ere 4 : oe in z. Vi eye ee si ait ei wath aul | 7 - - a LF — i‘ % - ~ + 3 = F o — _ n { ‘ u . 2 7 = * oo _ — a e 7 eer - 7 Doone PLIX. Sowerby, del, et lith Vincent Brooks,Imp Dal OmNek;. Puate IX. Species 35. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Dione Lata. Dion. testd subquadrato-ovatd, inflata, ful- vescente-albd, ferrugineo-rufo varie radiata vel aspersd, concentrice irregulariter striata, latere antico brevis- simo, contracto. THE CHEERFUL Dione. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, inflated, fulvous white, variously rayed or sprinkled with rust-red, concentrically irregularly striated, an- terior side very short, contracted. Venus leta, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1132. Venus affinis, Gmelin. Cytherea leta, Lamarck. Venus tumescens, Blainville. Cytherea cordiformis, Dunker, Dione lata, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. The painting of this inflated squarely oblong species is extremely variable in pattern, but always of the same peculiar rust-red, Species 36. (Fig. a, 6, Mus, Cuming.) Dione Krnatt. Dion. testd ovatd, tenui, compressiusculd, fulvescente-albd, ferrugineo-rufo varie tinctd et radiatd, concentrice irregulariter striata, latere antico brevius- culo, rotundato. Kine’s Drone. Shell ovate, thin, rather compressed, fulvous white, variously stained and rayed with rust-red, concentrically irregularly striated, anterior side rather short, rounded, Venus Kingii, Gray, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 2. f. 9. Cytherea Kingii, Sowerby. Dione Kingii, Deshayes, Hab. Island of Nicobar. Of a more compressly oval form than D. deta, less ab- ruptly shortened on the anterior side. Species 37. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) DIONE INFLATA. nuiculd, inflata, fulcescente-lacted, ferruginco-rufo, varie Dion, testé subquadrato-orbiculari, te- tinctaé vel radiatim aspersd, concentricée irregulariter striald, lateribus subequalibus. THE INFLATED DIONE. cular, rather thin, inflated, fulvous cream-colour, va- Shell somewhat squarely orbi- riously stained or radiately sprinkled with rust-red, concentrically iregularly striated, sides somewhat equal, Cytherea inflata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 637. pl. 133. f. 127, 128. Dione inflata, Deshayes. Hab, Philippine and Molucea Islands, and Port Curtis, Australia, This species is also closely allied to D. deta; an orbi- cular form of it, in which the sides are more equal. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione prora. Dion. testé ovato-trapezoidali, solidius- culd, albidd vel lacted, immaculatd, epidermide tenui sericed versus marginen, levigatd, lateribus ad imar- ginem fleauoso-tumidis, lunuld subampld, excavato- curvald. PRow DIoneE, solid, white or cream-colour, unspotted, with a THE Shell ovately trapezoidal, rather slight silky epidermis towards the margin, smooth, sides flexuously swollen at the margin, lunule rather large, excavately curved. Cytherea prora, Conrad, Aun. Acad. Nat, Sci. Philadel- phia, vol. vii. p. 253. pl. 19. f. 18. Hab. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus, California; Carpenter. A colourless shell, distinguished by a peculiar trapezoid form. October, 1863. ane none! wat’ aid 7 ee eye aa ale ph DH on th ol a a im \ : ae i weno vie i ley ify) eee ete Dione Pi Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brook DONE; Prats X. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione ALBIDA, Dion. testa oblongo-cuneiformi, valde in- aquilaterali, albidd, versus umbones ferrugineo tinctd, concentricé rude striatd, latere antico brevissimo. Tue wuite Dron. Shell oblong-wedge-shaped, very inequilateral, whitish, tinged with rust towards the umboes, concentrically rudely striated, anterior side very short. Pectunculus albidus, Lister, Conch. pl. 278. f. 109. Venus albida, Gmeiin. Cytherea albida, Hanley. Dione albida, Sowerby. Hab, Jamaica? A rather solid compressed shell, of wedge-like form, with scarcely any tinge of colour. Species 40. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE CONVEXA, siusculd, sordide alba, versus umbones ferrugineo pal- Dion. testdé ovato-cuneiformi, compres- lide tinctd, concentricé subrugoso-striata. THE convex Dione. Shell ovately wedge-shaped, ra- ther compressed, dead-white, faintly tinged towards the umboes with rust, concentrically rather roughly striated. Cytherea convera, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- phia, vol. iv. pl. 12. f. 3. Cytherea Sayana, Conrad. Dione convexa, Deshayes. Hab. Bay of Massachusetts; Rhode Island, A dead-white shell, of a more ovate form than that of the preceding species, more coarsely striated. Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) DIonzE RosTRATA. Dion. oblique cuneiformi, solidiusculd, compressd, sordidé albd, dense concentricé striata, la- tere postico arcuato-declivi, antico brevissimo, abruple truncato, umbonibus rostratis. THE BeakED Dione. Shell obliquely wedge-shaped, rather solid, compressed, dull white, densely con- centrically striated, posterior side arcuately sloping, anterior very short, abruptly truncated, with the umboes beaked. Cytherea rostrata, Koch, Phil. Abbild. Conch. p. 150. kale aoe Cytherea rostrata, Sowerby. Venus Tehuelcha, D’Orbigny. Dione rostrata, Deshayes. Hab, Brazil, Distinguished from the preceding species by its very abrupt wedge-like form, the anterior side being so short as to impart a beaked character to the umboes. Species 42, (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE ALABASTRUM. Dion. testé ovato-cordatd, tenut- culd, inflatd, candida, ferrugineo vix tinctd, concen- trice irregulariter corrugato-striatd, lunuld et umbo- nibus subimmersis. THE ALABASTER Dione. Shell ovately cordate, rather thin, inflated, white, scarcely tinged with rust, con- centrically irregularly wrinkle-striated, lumule and umboes rather immersed, 9 Hab. An elegantly-formed inflated species, with the lunule and wumboes more cordately immersed than usual. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE CITRINA. citrino-luted, purpureo-violaceo posticée tinctd, umbo- Dion. testa subtrigono-ovatd, solidd, nibus carneis, concentrice irregulariter corrugato- striata. Tue citron Drong. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, solid, lemon-yellow, tinged with purple-violet poste- riorly, umboes flesh-tinged, concentrically irregu- larly wrinkle-striated, Cytherea citrina, Lamarck, Anim, sans vert. vol. vi. p. 306. Dione citrina, Deshayes. Hab, Australia and Philippine Islands, Of a peculiarly delicate lemon colour, stained about the posterior end with dark purple-violet. Species 44, (Mus. Cuming.) DioneEstriata. Dion. testd orbiculari-cuneiformi, solida, October, 1863. DIONE.—Puate X. gibbosiusculd, pallidé spadiced, ad umbones roseo tincta, A comparison of the above description with that of concentrice dense sericeo-striatd, margine postico ob- | the preceding species will show that they differ in detail tuse tumido-angulato, umbonibus incurvis. throughout. Tur srriatep Dione. Shell orbicularly wedge-shaped, solid, rather gibbous, pale fawn-colour, tinged with rose at the umboes, concentrically densely silk-stri- Fig. 45. (Mus. Smithsonian Institute of North ated, posterior margin obtusely tumidly angled, um- America.) boes incurved. This shell, from Cape St. Lucas, Xantus, California, Chione striata, Gray, Anal. vol. vii. p. 306. kindly placed in my hands by Mr. Carpenter, as being Dione citrina, var. Deshayes. probably undescribed, proves to be the Dione prora Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. (Cytherea prora, Conrad) of our preceding Plate. Dione PUX Sowerby, del.et lith Vincent Brooks DIONE. Pruate XI. Fig. 46. (Mus. Cuming.) This little shell appears in Mr. Cuming’s collection with the name Cytherea consanguinea, O. B. Adams (Panama Shells, p. 273). men of a variety of C. /eta. Tt is apparently a small speci- | | | Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) Drone Ausrratica. Dion. testd ovatd, subequilaterali, | tenui, compressiusculd, albidd, ferrugineo-rufo copiose | radiatd, versus umbones lividis, concentricée dense tenue | lirato-striatd. Tue AusTRALIAN Dione. Shell ovate, nearly equilateral, thin, rather compressed, white, copiously rayed with rust-red, livid toward the umboes, concentrically densely finely ridge-striated. Hab. Torres’ Straits, North Australia. A delicate and very characteristic species, nearly equi- lateral in form. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE PELLUCIDA. tenniculd, fulvescente-albd, ferrugineo-rufo radiatim maculata, levigatd, vel tenue concentrice striata. THE PELLUCID Dronn. rather thin, fulvous white, radiately blotched with | rust-red, smooth, or finely concentrically striated. Cytherea pellucida, Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. vol. vi. p. 313. Dione pellucida, Deshayes. Hab, ——-? This, and the shell which I have called D. 4ustralica, have a strong general resemblance, but the umboes are Dion. testé ovati, subequilaterali, | Shell ovate, nearly equilateral, more central and tumid in D. pellucida, which is altogether | of a different character and composition. Species 49. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Dione ustutata. Dion. testd globoso-cuneiformi, solidd, pallidé ustulato-fuscd, purpureo-violaceo postice et ver- | sus marginem ventralem tinctd, concentrice subrude | striata, lunuld ampld, superficiarid. Tue scorcHep Dione. Shell solid, pale burnt - brown, clobosely wedge-shaped, stained posteriorly and October, towards the ventral margin with purple-violet, con- centrically rather rudely striated, lunule large, super- ficial. Hab. Swan River and New Caledonia. Allied in general aspect to D. citrina, but of a more aibbous, wedge-like form. Species 50. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE VIRGO. solidd, sordidé alba, ad umbones sepe roseo-tincta, con- Dion. testd subtrigono-ovatd, subcordati, centrice rugoso-striatd. Tue virein Dione. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, solid, dull white, often tinged with rose at the um- boes, concentrically roughly striated. Chione virgo. Gray, Cat. Cyth. Anal. vol. vill. p. 306. Dione virgo, Deshayes. Hab. Java. Of simple character, mostly distinguished, however, by a blush of rose about the umboes, which is more conspicuous in the interior of the shell. Species 51. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione Torrestca. Dion. testa globoso-caudatd, tenui, inflata, fulvescente-albd, ferrugineo-rufo radiatim as- persd, circa marginem posticum purpureo-violaceo tinctd, lunuld et ared ligamenti purpureo-violaceis. Tue Torres Dionn. Shell globosely cordate, thin, in- flated, fulvous white, radiately sprinkled with rust- red, tinged with purple-violet about the posterior margin, lunule and ligamentary area purple-violet. Hab. Torres’ Straits, North Australia. There is a close resemblance between the general detail of character of this and the species from the same locality which I have named D. Auséralica, but these are widely different in form. Species 52. (Mus. Cuming.) DioNE sSUBFELLUCIDA. Dion. testd suboblique ovata, compressiusculd, tenui, fulvescente-albd, ferrugineo- 1863. DIONE.—Puate XI, rufo copiose radiatd, concentricé dense striata, margine ventrali, lunuld et ared ligamenti ustulato-purpureis. THE suBPELLUCID Dione. Shell somewhat obliquely ovate, rather compressed, thin, fulvous white, co- piously rayed with rust-red, concentrically densely striated, ventral margin, lunule, and hgamentary area scorched purple. Cytherea subpellucida, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. 1. p. 639. pl. 1338. f. 136. Dione subpellucida, Deshayes. Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines; Cuming. Rather broad in dimensions from the umboes to the ventral margin, which, together with the lunule and liga- mentary area, are strongly tinged with scorched livid purple. Species 53. (Mus. Cuming.) Dionp crocea. Dion. testé globoso-subcordatd, tenut- culd, evimie croced, aut vitellind, versus umbones ro- saceo tinctd, levigatd, nitente, concentrice dense lenui- striata. Tun sarFRON Dione. Shell globosely subcordate, rather | | | | | thin, delicate saffron, or yolk, tinged with rose to- wards the umboes, smooth, shining, concentrically densely finely striated. Desuayes, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Coloured both within and without with a rose-tinged saffron, inclining to a warm yolk-vellow. Species 54. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione ERUBESCENS. Dion. testd globoso-cordatd, lenui, inflata, lacted, versus umbones roseo-tinctd, nitente, concentrice densé lirato-striatd, lunula ampld, indis- tincta. Tue BLUSHING Dionz. Shell globosely cordate, thin, inflated, cream colour, tinged with rose towards the umboes, shining, concentrically densely ridge- striated, lunule large, indistinct. Hab. Ceylon; E. L. Layard. Somewhat like the preceding species in general aspect, but more heart-shaped, while, on examination with the lens, the surface will be found to be sculptured concentri- cally with distinet ridges. Dione Pt.Xl Sowerby, del. et ith Vincent Brooks, DEON E. PEATE XII. Species 55. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE ANGULIFERA. Dion. oblongo-ovali, postice angulato- productd, fulvescente-albd, maculis angularibus gris¢o- purpureis radiata, concentricé rugoso-striata. Tue ANGULAR Diong. Shell oblong-oval, angularly pro- duced on the posterior side, fulvous white, rayed with angular greyish-purple spots, concentrically roughly striated. Cytherea angulifera, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 635. pl. 136. f. 189. Dione angulifera, Deshayes. P) Fab. This small species is chiefly distinguished by its angu- larly prolonged growth on the posterior side. Species 56. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE PHASIANELLA. Dion. testd oblongo-ovatd, solidius- culd, versus marginem compressa, fulvescente-albi, violaceo-castaneo varie tinctd, undulata et biradiatd, lunuld et ared ligamenti violaceo-castaneis, concentricé lineari-sulcatd, sulcis distinctis, equidistantibus. THE LITTLE PHEASANT DIONE. rather solid, compressed towards the margin, fulvous white, variously stained, waved and two-rayed with | violet-chestnut, lunule and ligamentary area violet- chestnut, concentrically linearly grooved, grooves dis- Shell oblong-ovate, tinct, equidistant. Venus phasianella, Deshayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 2. Dione phasianella, Deshayes. 2 Hah. Characterized by a concentric sculpture of equidistant, linear grooves, rather widely separated from each other. Species 57. (Mus. Cuming). Dione Arricana. Dion. subelongato-ovali, posticé acu- minato-productd, fulvescente-alba, nigricante-griseo concentricd irregulariter undatd, levigatd, margine | postico dense corrugato-sulcato. Tue Arrican Dione. Shell somewhat elongately oval, acuminately produced on the posterior side, fulvous | white, concentrically irregularly waved with dark | grey, smooth, posterior margin densely wrinkle- | grooved. October, Cytherea Africana, Philippi, MS. in Mus. Cuming. Hab. Australia ? The posterior side of this shell is peculiar, not only in being acuminately produced, but in being conspicuously wrinkled along the margin with close-set grooves. Species 58. (Mus. Cuming.) DIONE PALLESCENS. Dion. testd subcordato-ovatd, sor- didé alba, concentricé dense striatd, striis numerosissi- mis, filiformibus. Tue pate Drone. Shell subcordately ovate, dull white, concentrically densely striated, striae very numerous and thread-like. Cytherea pallescens, Sowerby, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 47. Dione pallescens, Deshayes. Hab. Isle of Annaa; Cuming. A shell of simple form, without any indication of colour, sculptured with very numerous, fine, thread-like strie. Species 59. (Mus. Cuming.) Drone preerita. Dion. testd subelongato-ovatd, solidius- culd, fulvescente-lacted, punctis maculisque hierogly- phicis nigris promiscue aspersd, levigatd, latere pos- tico concentricé lineari-sulcato, sulcis equidistantibus. PEPPERED Drone. Shell somewhat elongately ovate, rather solid, fulvous cream-colour, promiscu- ously sprinkled with black dots and hieroglyphical marks, smooth, posterior side concentrically linearly THE erooved, grooves equidistant. Cytherea piperita, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 625. pl. 136. f. 175. Dione piperita, Deshayes. Hab. Island of Burias, Philippmes. Sprinkled in a very characteristic manner with black dots and small hieroglyphic marks. Species 60. (Mus. Cuming.) Dione MuLtistrtata. Dion. testd oblonyo-ovatd, solida, fulvo-spadiced, purpureo-cinereo radiata, concentrice irregulariter rugose multistriatd. Tue MANy-striaTED Drone. Shell oblong-ovate, solid, 1863. DIONE.—Ptare XII. fulvous drab, rayed with purple-ash, concentrically irregularly roughly many-striated. Cytherea multistriata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 628. pl. 136. f. 177. Dione multistriata, Deshayes. Hab. New Zealand. Rather variable in character, but generally more or less rayed with purple-ash upon a fulvous bay ground. Species 61. (Mus. Cuming.) Drone tortuosa. Dion. testa subanguste oblique cor- datd, solidd, churned, ad umbones fulvescente tinctd, latere antico breviusculo, rotundato, postico flecuosé attenuato-producto, concentricé obtuse corrugato-lirata, liris hie illic confluentibus. Tue twistep Dione. Shell rather narrowly obliquely cordate, solid, ivory-white, tinged with fulvous at the umboes, anterior side rather short, rounded, poste- rior flexuously attenuately produced, concentrically obtusely wrinkle-ridged, ridges here and there flow- ing together. Cytherea tortuosa, Broderip, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 45. Venus tortuosa, D’Orbigny. Dione tortuosa, Deshayes. Hab. Xipixapi, Central America ; Cuming. The confluent ridges of this attenuately cordate species and the interstices are of a uniform delicate ivory-white. Species 62. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) DionB PaNNOsSA. Dion. testa subtrigono-ovatd, solidius- culé, fulvd, violaceo-fusco varié radiata, tinctd vel reticulata, levigatd, vel concentrice subrugoso-striatd, sub lente radiatim minutissime striata. Tue Rxaccepd Dione. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, rather solid, fulvous, variously stained, rayed, or reticulated with violet-brown, smooth, or concen- trically rather roughly striated, beneath the lens radiately very minutely striated. Cytherea pannosa, Sowerby, Pro, Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 47. Cytherea lutea, Koch. Venus pannosa, ’Orbigny. Dione pannosa, Deshayes. Callista puella, Carpenter. Hab. Chili, Peru, Mazatlan. The colouring of this species, though extremely vari- able, is mostly disposed in irregular mottled reticulations, more especially about the lunule and ligamentary area. affinis (Cytherea), Broderip .... affinis (Venus), Gmelin........ Africana (Cytherea), Philippi. . . alabastrums eeve,.a0c cee sae oe albida (Pectunculus), Lister .... alternata (Cytherea), Broderip . . angulifera (Cytherea), Sowerby . . aurantia (Chione), Gray....... IATISELAICANMLCEUE Veicicieie ashe sche badia (Chione), Gray......... biradiata (Cytherea), Sowerby . . brevispinata (Cytherea), Sowerby Chinensis (Venus), Chemnitz .. . Chione (Venus), Linneeus...... circinata (Venus), Born ....... eitrina (Cytherea), Lamarck... . concinna (Cytherea), Sowerby .. consanguinea (Cyth.), C.B. Adams convexa (Cytherea), Say....... cordiforinis ane): Dunker : crocea, Dekanee eerie eygnus (Cytherea), Tamar Dione (Venus), Linneeus ...... elegans (Cytherea), Koch ...... erubescens, Reeve ............ Erycina (Venus), Favanne...... Erycinella (Cytherea), EXSPIN Ata ACCUC ameter .deleeiers, A very characteristic species, swollen in the middle, compressed towards the periphery, conspicuously marked with diagonally-waved sharply zigzag purple-black lines. October, 1863. - i - Poets ie ' { #6; : ace ee! ee ae : . oy, bute si ‘ rr ; f { : \: ne 7 fe + Ha eh . . ; i i ’ Nyaa 7 re . as) 1 \ - ) ox ; : ‘A i i } 5 \ ‘ f hie ; : ca: : ‘ Z ' ‘ ‘ & Hl a i utes" . y \. = ‘ * ‘ fi < re Fhe a te . , diy i ; . hat i . ' . i ” : * to > marie 4 ms , . sede ey - . c “ ‘ es Sith Ne ‘ . . 5 er bee F i M : i : y ’ ® ' oe fi , i ; ' P A) 5 s y 7 Yves r ‘ J , f Fe ' . a) " ok Seg Na . ' Curce Pt Ill Sowerby, del et lth Yncent Brooks, Imy Chen Gk... Prate III. Species 8. (Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE ORBICA. versim undulata, concentricé confertim plicato-liratd, ad umbones nitidée divaricatim plicatda. Tue crrcutar Circe. Shell orbicular, lens-shaped, slightly triangular towards the umboes, cream-colour, transversely wayed with purple-black, concentrically closely plicately ridged, neatly divaricately plaited at the umboes. Hab. ? Of the same typical character as C. scripta, but of a | solid circular lens-shape, beautifully painted and sculp- tured. Species 9. (Mus. Cuming.) CirncE TUMEFACTA. tice declivi-lobald, medio tumidiusculd, fulvescente- Cire. testd suborbiculari-ovatd, pos- albd, nigricante-castanco acutd lineari-undatd, concen- tric rude plicato-liratd, posticé levigatd, ad wmbones divaricatim plicata. THE SWOLLEN Crrcz. Shell suborbicularly ovate, pos- teriorly slopingly lobed, rather swollen in the middle, fulvous-white, sharply linearly waved with dark- chestnut, concentrically rudely plicately ridged, smooth posteriorly, divaricately plated at the um- boes. SoweEnrsy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 652. pl. 138. f. 28 to 30. Hab. ? Differing from the preceding species in being slopingly lobed on the posterior side, while the concentric sculpture is more rude and irregular, Species 10. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Cuming.) Circe crocea. Cire. testd oblique suborbiculari, nune compress, nunc tumidiusculd, fulvescente-lacted, pur- purascente pallide tinctd, ad umbones purpurascente- ferrugineo biradiatd, eailiter concentricé striata, ad umbones divaricatim plicato-rugald, intus croced. Cire. testa orbiculari, lenticulari, versus | umbones subtriangulari, lactea, purpureo-nigro trans- | | Tue sarrron Crrce. Shell obliquely suborbicular, sometimes compressed, sometimes rather swollen, fulvous cream-colour, faintly tinged with purple, two-rayed with purple-rust at the umboes, finely concentrically striated, divaricately plicately wrinkled at the umboes, saffron-colour in the interior. Gray, Cat. Cyth. Anal. vol. viii. p. 307. Cytherea crocea, Hanley. Hab. Red Sea. Mostly distinguished by two purple-rust rays at the umboes, The interior is invariably tinged with saffron- colour. Species 11. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe suarutata. Circ. testa cireulari-ovatd, postice subproductd, livido-albicante, castaneo-brunneo copiose yadiatim tinctd, concentrice rudé liratd, ad umbones ewiliter divaricatim plicata. Tue Brutsep Crrce. Shell circularly ovate, slightly produced posteriorly, livid-white, copiously radiately stained with chestnut-brown, concentrically rudely ridged, faintly divaricately plicated at the umboes. Hab. ? This richly-stained chestnut-brown shell approaches C’ trigona, but it has not the triangular form characteristic of that species. Species 12. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe TrIGonA. Circ. lestd orbiculari, versus umbones conspicue trigond, plano-compressd, Julvescente-albd, concentrice confertim rude liratd, ad umbones divari- catim corrugato-plicata. THE TRIANGULAR OCrrce. Shell orbicular, conspicuously triangled towards the umboes, flatly compressed, fulvous-white, concentrically closely rudely ridged, divaricately corrugately plicated at the umboes. ) Hab. Distinguished by a flatly compressed triangular growth, though still rudely concentrically ridged throughout. October, 1863. CIRCE.—P tate III. unspotted, concentrically striately ridged, stri finer on the posterior side. RC A. ire. testd ovatd, posticé subquadrato- : Crrce ALBIpa. Cire. lestd ovata, postice subquadrato EwriaNee Cari @onche Execs paces lobatd, valde compressa, lacted, immaculatd, concen- ; x oer ys ; P : sae _ | Hab. Australia. trice strialo-liratd, striis ad latus posticum tenui- | Species 18. (Mus. Cuming.) Very closely alhed to C. seripta ; remarkably thinly oribus. compressed, without any indication of colour or marking. Tur wuitisn Circe. Shell ovate, posteriorly some- | what squarely lobed, very compressed, cream-colour, “ > - _ : me Boat ms = é.* ‘ ' - : = — > a — et W6.a@ 16. ©. Sowerby, del.et hth. Circe PUTTY. Vincent Brooks,h CUR CE. Prats IV. Species 14. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) CiRCE MINIMA. Cire. testa orbiculari-cordatd, interdum ventricosd, fulvescente-albad, rufo-fusco lentiginosad vel | radiatim maculata, concentricé conspicue striata, striis plus minus irregularibus. THE VERY SMALL Crrce. Shell orbicularly heart-shaped, sometimes ventricose, fulvous white, freckled or ra- diately blotched with red-brown, concentrically con- spicuously striated, strice more or less irregular. Fenus minima, Montagu, Test. Brit. p. 121. pl. 3. f. 3. Venus triangularis, Montagu. Cyprina minima, Turton. | Cyprina triangularis, Turton. Cytherea triangularis, Macgillivray. Cytherea apicalis, Philippi. Circe triangularis, King. | Cytherea Cyrilli, Philippi. Cytherea minima, Brown. Cytherea minuta, Brown. Circe minima, Forbes and Hanley. Hab. Buropean Seas. This well-known species, the smallest of the genus, varies curiously in convexity and in marking. It is very generally distributed throughout the British Isles. Species 15. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe Artemis. Cire. testa orbiculato-lenticulari, de- pressd, candida, rufo-fusco obsolete sparsim radiatd, lunulaé et ared ligamenti rufo maculata, concentrice lirato-striatd, interstitiis crispato-punctatis. Tue Artemis Crxce. Shell orbicularly lens-shaped, de- pressed, white, obsoletely sparingly rayed with red- brown, lunule and ligamentary area red-spotted, con- centrically ridge-striated, interstices crisply punc- tured, DrsHayes, Cat. Conch. Mus. Brit. p. 86. Hab. ? Bright opake white, peculiarly sparingly rayed with red- brown dots or broken spots of the same colour. Species 16. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE SULCATA,. Circ, testa subtrigono-orbiculari, lenti- » October, culari, depressd, fulvescente-albd, rufescente-castaneo radiata vel plus minus copiose tinctd, concentricée tenui- liratd, sulcis interstitialibus crispato-punctatis. THE GROOVED Circe. Shell somewhat triangularly orbicu- lar, lens-shaped, depressed, fulvous white, rayed or more or less copiously stained with reddish-chestnut, concentrically finely ridged, interstitial grooves crisply punctured. Gray, Cat. Cyth. Anal. vol. viii. p. 107. Cytherea suleata, Hanley. Cytherea erythrea, Jonas. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Extremely variable in marking, but the marks are gene- rally of the same uniform reddish-chestnut colour. Species 17. (Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE PLEBEIA. albidé, rufo-fusco sparsissime obsolete lineari-undatd, Cire. testa oblique orbiculari, depressd, concentricé tenuiliratd, sulcis interstitialibus crispato- punctatis. THE PooR CIRCE. whitish, very sparingly obsoletely linearly waved with red-brown, concentrically finely ridged, interstitial grooves crisply punctured. Cytherea plebeia, Hanley, Pro, Zool. Soc. i844, p. 169. Index Test. Supp. pl. 15. f. 37. Circe plebeia, Sowerby. Circe sulcata, var., Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands; Cuming. Shell obliquely orbicular, depressed, We give a figure of this shell Mr. Hanley’s Cytherea plebeia, but it may prove, as sug- as being the type of gested by M. Deshayes, to be a large obliquely produced variety of the preceding species. ‘The details of sculpture are the same. Fig. 18. (Mus. Cuming.) This interesting small shell, marked throughout with an angular network of red-brown lines, proves to be C. cor- rugata in an early stage of growth. CIRCE.—Puate IV. Species 19. (Mus. Cuming.) | elongated, dark livid-brown, concentrically closely ridged, ridges slightly recurved, interstices excavated. SoweErsy, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 651. pl. 137. f. 16, 17. Hab. Australia. Circe ausTRALIs. Circ. testé subtrigono-ovatd, postice | subquadratd, depressd, carulescente-alba, punctis ru- fescente-fuscis pallide aspersd, lunuld elongata, intense livido-fused, concentrice confertim liratd, liris subre- curvis, interstitiis excavatis. A very characteristic triangularly ovate species, in which = Q = =o A subie 2 Tur sourHERN Circe, Shell somewhat triangularly | the dark livid-brown lunule contrasts strongly in colour ovate, posteriorly rather square, depressed, bluish- | with the faint sprinkling of red dots on the general sur- white, faintly sprinkled with red-brown dots, lunule | face of the sheil. Circe PL. Vincent Brook Sowerby, del et lith Corhi E, PuaTE V. Species 20. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Cince PecTINATA. Cire. testd oblongo-ovali, compressa, postice subquadratd, albidd, rufo-fusco concentrice maculata et punctatd, radiatim costatd, costis irregu- laribus, nodoso-granatis, versus marginem bifurcatis, latere postico divaricatim bifurcatin plicato. Tue come-LiKe Circe. Shell oblong-oval, compressed, posteriorly somewhat square, whitish, concentrically blotched and dotted with red-brown, radiately ribbed, ribs irregular, nodosely grained, bifureated towards the margin, posterior side divaricately plaited. Venus pectinata, Linneus, Syst. Nat. p. 1135. Cytherea pectinata, Lamarck. Circe pectinata, Gray. Cytherea Savignyi, Jonas. Hab. Red Sea, Philippine Islands. bifureately This well-known species is typically of a compressed form, but it varies considerably and passes into the gib- bosity of the next species. more elaborate. The sculpture is finer and Species 21. (Fig. a, 0, c, d, Mus. Cuming.) Circe GIBBA. Cire. testd oblongo-ovald, crass, valde gibbosd, postice parum quadrata, albidd, interdum fer- rugineo tincta, rufo-fusco aut nigro postice et versus umbones maculata, radiatin costatd, costis irregulari- bus, rude nodoso-granatis, ad marginem interdum bi- Surcatis, latere postico divaricatim bifurcatin plicato. Tue Grppous Circe. Shell oblong-ovate, thick, very cibbous, posteriorly but little square, whitish, some- times tinged with rust, spotted posteriorly and to- wards the umboes with red-brown, or black, radiately ribbed, ribs irregular, rudely nodosely grained, some- times bifurcated at the margin, posterior side divari- cately bifurcately plaited. Cytherea gibba, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. v. p. 577 Cytherea ranella, Lamarck. Circe gibba, Gray. Hab. Red Sea, Philippine Islands, Australia. Of a very solid gibbous growth compared with the preceding species, much more rudely sculptured, the ribs being strongly nodosely grained, deeply excavated in the interstices. October, 1863. a os mpl! Seg - 7 ’ a a ) ‘ + a A . - _ ‘ 7 ¥ cs if z Circe Pl. Vi Vincent Brooks, In Sowerby, del.et ith 28. CIRCE. Puate VI. Species 22. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE AQUIVOCA. culd, ad latus posticum subtruncatd, fulvescente-alba, cinereo-fusco undatd aut varie tinctd, versus marginem Cire. testa oblique ovatd, compressins- plerumque reticulato-maculatd, concentrice rude ru- goso-liratd, anticé posticeque valide divaricatim pli- cata, THE EQUIVOocAL Circe. Shell obliquely ovate, rather compressed, slightly truncated on the posterior side, fulvous white, waved or variously stained with ash- brown, generally reticulately spotted towards the margin, concentrically rudely wrinkle-ridged, strongly divaricately plicated on the anterior and posterior sides. x) Venus equivoca, Chemnitz, Conch, Cab, vol. #. p. 229. pl. 202. f. 1980. Circe equivoca, Deshayes. Circe transversaria, Deshayes. Hub. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. The divaricate plications of this prettily painted species, crossing the concentric ridges nearly throughout, give the shell a crisply granular appearance. Species 23. (Fig. a, 4, c, d, Mus, Cuming.) Circe pivaricaTa. Cire. testa oblongo-ovali, ad latus posticum oblique productd vel attenuatd, convead, in- terdum gibbosiusculd, crassa, fulvescente-albd, cinereo et rufo-castaneo varie angulato-maculatd, maculis in- terrupte radiantibus, concentrice irregulariter obtuse liratd, undique valide divaricatim plicatd, ad decussa- tionem plus minus conspicue granulata. THe pivaricate Circe. Shell oblong-oval, obliquely produced or attenuated on the posterior side, convex, sometimes rather gibbous, thick, fulvous white, va- riously angularly blotched with ash and reddish- chestnut, blotches interruptedly radiating, concentri- cally irregularly obtusely ridged, strongly divaricately plicated throughout, more or less conspicuously gra- nulated at the crossing. Venus divuricata, Chemnitz, Conch, Cab, vol. vi. p. 317. pl. 30. f. 316. Cytherea divaricata, Lamarck, Cytherea testudinalis, Lamarck, Venus discors, Schroter, Circe divaricata, Gray. Hab, Red Sea; Philippine Islands, The four specimens of this well-known species here figured tolerably represent the range of its numerous va- rieties. It may be regarded as the type of the divaricately plicated forms of the genus. Species 24. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE DISPAR, Sulvescente-albd, maculis rufo-aurantiis vel purpuras- Cire. testa oblongo-ovali, compressiusculd, centibus subprofuse marmoratd, concentrice irregula- riter rudé liratd, divaricatim plicatd, plicis posticis multo validioribus. Tur uNiLike Circe. Shell oblong-oval, rather com- pressed, fulvous white, rather profusely mottled with reddish-orange or purple spots, concentrically irregu- larly rudely ridged, divaricately plicated, posterior plaits much the stronger. Venus dispar, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. p. 230. pl. 202. f. 1981, 1982. Cytherea muscaria, Lamarck. Cytherea pulicaris, Lamarck. Cytherea dispar, Hanley. Circe dispar, Gray. Tab, Red Sea, One of the most obvious characteristics of this species is its mottled painting of reddish-orange or purple dots. Species 25. (Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE NUMMULINA. Cire. lestd oblique trigono-orbicu- lari, subcuneiforimi, crassi, fulvescente-lacted, lunuld et area ligamenti livido-purpurascentibus, concentricé tenuiliratd, versus umbones subcompressd et indistincte divaricatim plicatda. THE COIN-LIKE Crrce. Shell obliquely triangularly orbi- cular, somewhat wedge-shaped, thick, fulvous cream- colour, lunule and ligamentary area livid purple, con- centrically finely ridged, compressed and faintly diva- ricately plicated towards the umboes. Cytherea nummulina, Lamarck, Anim, sans vert. vol. vi. p- 321. Circe nummulina, Gray. Hab, Central America. Of an obtuse wedge-like form, rather obsoletely sculp- tured, and but slightly coloured. October, 1863. is Pagan D i eat ae Adie +h wea eens if oe i ae Tac) . eee ne alli . ie sup) ere _plbert swe ies a een Circe Pt. Vil Vincent Brooks, Ir Sowerby, del et lith CIRCE, Puate VII. Species 26. (Mus. Taylor.) CircE INTERMEDIA. Cire. testd suboblique globosi, crassa, ad umbones compressa, fulvescente-alba, rufo-castaneo trigono-reticulata, maculis versus lunulam et areane li- gamenti in strigis conspicuis decurrentibus, concentricé subrugose plicato-striatd, ad umbones subobsoletée diva- ricatii plicata. THE INTERMEDIATE Crrce, Shell rather obliquely glo- bose, thick, compressed at the umboes, fulvous white, triangularly reticulated with yreddish-chestnut, the spots running towards the lunule and ligamentary area into conspicuous streaks, concentrically some- what roughly plicately striated, at the umboes rather obsoletely divaricately plicated, This appears to me to be a new species, and one of importance in the genus, as being intermediate be- tween the types of the two groups in this and the preceding Plates. My attention’ was first called to the shell by Mr. Sowerby, who was preparing to send it to Mr. Taylor. On receipt of it, Mr. Taylor found in his collection another undoubted specimen in an earher stage of growth. It helps to confirm in a singular manner the propriety of removing to this genus the Lamarckian Cytherea castrensis and its allies. Along with the reticulated camp-lke paint- ing of C. castrensis, it possesses the divaricate umbonal wrinkles of C, divaricata and its numerous allies, to say nothing of the absence of any angular production of the pallial impression in the interior, Species 27. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE ORNATA. subcordatd, cinerea, versus umbones albidd, lineis nigris Cire, testa subtrigono-rotundatd, gibbosd, aut rufis acute undatis undique profuse radiata, con- centrice irreguiariter striatd, striis ad latera fortio- ribus. THE ADORNED CIRCE. rounded, gibbous, somewhat heart-shaped, ash-co- Shell somewhat triangularly loured, whitish towards the umboes, profusely rayed throughout with black or red zigzag lines, concentri- cally irregularly striated, stric stronger at the sides, Cytherea ornata, Lamarck, Anim. sans yert. vol. vi. p. 809. Circe castrensis var., Deshayes. Lioconcha ornata, Morch. Hab. Indian Ocean. M. Deshayes is probably correct in recording the La- marckian C, ornata as a variety of C. castrensis, but it is a very characteristic variety and it is of a less solid porce- lain-like substance. Species 28. (Fig. a. 6, ec, Mus, Cuming.) CIRCE CASTRENSIS. Circ. cordatd, alba, nitente, testa sublrigono-globosd, vel interdum cinereo vel croceo tinctd, lineis vel maculis castaneis aut nigris acute angulatis plus minus suffusis pictd, concentrice wregu- lariter striata, interdum laviusculd, striis ad latera Sortioribus. THE cAMP CIRCE. bose or heart-shaped, white, shining, sometimes ash- Shell somewhat triangularly glo- or saflron-tinged, painted with more or less suffused chestnut or black sharply angled lines or spots, concentrically irregularly striated, sometimes almost smooth, striz stronger at the sides, Venus castrensis, Linneeus, Syst. Nat., p. 1132. Venus australis, Chemnitz, Venus Lorenziana, Chemnitz. Cytherea castrensis, Lamarck. Circe castrensis, Gray. Lioconcha castrensis, Morch. Hab. \ndian Ocean. Among the varieties of this beautiful species, the shell represented at Fig. 28 4 is that which passes into C, ornata. Tt is broader from the umboes to the ventral margin, and has less of the smooth porcelain surface which is so cha- racteristie a feature of the other varieties. October, 1863. Carce Fl. Vill Sowerby, del.et hth oe Vincent Brooks, i CIR PLATE Species 29. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Crrce Sowersyi. Cire. testa ovatd, turgidd, fulvescente-albd, castaneo-rufo tenue trigono-rotundata vel acute undatd, concentricé confertim striato-liratd, liris obtusis. SOWERBY’S CIRCE. swollen, fulvous white, finely sharply waved with chestnut-red, concentrically closely striately ridged, ridges obtuse. DesuHayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. p. 95. Cytherea Hebrea, Sowerby (not of Lamarck). Hab. Philippine Islands. Shell triangularly rounded or ovate, This pretty species runs very closely into C. tigrina. If a variety, it is a very characteristic one. Species 30. (Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE MARMORATA. Cire. testd ovatd, subcompressd, livido-cerulescente, olivaceo-rufo reticulato-marmoratd, lunuld et ared ligamenti plumbeis, umbonibus purpu- rascente radiatis, concentrice obtuse striato-liratd, pos- tice et circa umbones profuse tenue divaricatim pli- cata. | THE MARBLED Crrce. Shell ovate, rather compressed, | ‘livid bluish, reticulately lunule and ligamentary area lead-colour, umboes rayed with faint purple, concentrically obtusely striately ridged, posteriorly and around the umboes profusely finely divaricately plicated. Hab, ——? | marbled with olive-red, Apparently a new species, fully characterized, as may be seen by the foregoing description, both in respect of | sculpture and colour. | Fig. 31. (Mus. Cuming.) _ The shell here figured proves to be an interesting va- riety of C. elliptica, described at Plate X. Species 48. October, CE. VOUT Species 32. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE TIGRINA, tenuato-productd, versus umbones turgidd, albidd, cas- Cire. testa subtrigono-ovatd, postice at- taneo-rufo aut nigricante-brunneo profuse reticulato- marmoratd, medio leviusculd, ad latera concentrice striato-liratd, liris obtusis, irregulariter corrugatis. TIGER Crrce. attenuately produced on the posterior side, swollen THE Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, towards the umboes, whitish, profusely reticulately mottled with chestnut-red or dark-brown, rather smooth in the middle, concentrically striately ridged at the sides, ridges obtuse, irregularly wrinkled. Cytherea tigrina, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p- 310. Circe tigrina, Deshayes. Hab. Molucea and Philippine Islands. Strikingly characterized by its reticulately mottled paint- ing. The shell, which has invariably a tendency to become attenuated on the posterior side, is comparatively smooth in the middle, the sides being obtusely irregularly wrinkle- striated. Species 33. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe TRIMACULATA. curvatd, alba, castaneo-brunneo profuse tinctd et ra- Cire. testa oblique cordatd, posticé diata, lunuld et ared ligamenti intense brunneis, undique concentrice lirato-striatd, striis obtusis, irregulariter corrugatis. THREE-SPOTTED CIRCE. shaped, curved posteriorly, white, profusely stamed THE Shell obliquely heart- and rayed with chestnut-brown, lunule and ligamen- tary area dark-brown, concentrically ridge-striated throughout, stria obtuse, irregularly wrinkled. Cytherea trimaculata, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 315. Circe trimaculata, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Of a more curved heart-shaped form than the preceding species, sculptured throughout. Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe Heprwa. Cire. testa ovata, turgidd, posticé sub- 1863. CIRCE.—Purare VIII. truncata, fulvescente-albd, rufo-castanco sparsim reti- culatd, concentricée subobsolete striata. Tur Hepsrew Circe. Shell ovate, swollen, posteriorly slightly truncated, fulvous white, sparingly reticulated with reddish-chestnut, concentrically rather obsoletely striated. Cytherea Hebrea, Vamayck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 308. Dione Hebrea, Deshayes. I) Hab. This shell partakes very much of the characters of Dione, and should, perhaps, be referred to that genus. | Species 35. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe Fumata. Cire. testé oblongo-ovatd, compresse con- | a“ « ° ‘ s vera, fulvescente-albd, ustulato-castaneo copiose reticu- laté et nebulatd, concentrice dense filo-striatd, striis versus maryinem obtuse corrugatis. {on | THE SMOKED CIRCE. convex, fulvous white, copiously reticulated and Shell oblong-ovate, compressly clouded with burnt-chestnut, concentrically densely thread-striated, stricee obtusely wrinkled towards the margin. ? | Hab. | Of a distinct convexly oval form, peculiarly clouded and _ reticulately streaked with burnt-chestnut. Circe PLIX. 43 Vincent Brooks, Imr jowerrby, del et hth ~ CIR PLATE Species 36. (Mus. Cuming.) CrRcE FLUCTUATA. turgidd, albidd, rufo-fusco prope umbones pallide reti- Cire. testé globoso-cordatd, tenuiculd, culatd, undique concentricé dense filo-striald. Tue WAVED Crrce. Shell globosely heart-shaped, rather thin, swollen, whitish, faintly reticulated near the umboes with red-brown, concentrically densely thread- striated thoughout. Cytherea fluctuata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 654. pl. 186. f. 185, 186, Dione fluctuata, Deshayes. Hab. St. Helena. — A small thread-striated swollen globose shell, partaking of the generic characters both of Dione and Circe. Species 37. (Mus. Cuming.) Orrce Manitua. postic? fleanoso-attenuatd, albidd, concentricé dense Cire. lestd oblique cordatd, turgidd, filo-striatd, lunuld ampld. Tue Maniita Crrce. Shell obliquely heart-shaped, swollen, posteriorly flexuously attenuated, white, concentrically densely thread-striated, lunule large. Cytherea Manilla, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. i. p. 634. pl. 136. f. 180, 181. Dione Manilla, Deshayes. Hab. Manilla, Island of Luzon, Philippines ; Cuming. Allied to the preceding species, but with the posterior side flexuously attenuated. Species 38. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe rupis. Circ. testd obliqué cordatd, turgidd, ful- vescente-albd, ferrugineo-rufo tinctd et. radiata, con- centrice tenué filo-striatd, striis in medio plus minus obsoletis. Tue rupp Circe. Shell obliquely heart-shaped, swollen, fulvous white, stained and rayed with rust-red, con- centrically finely thread-striated, striae more or less obsolete in the middle. Venus rudis, Poli, Test. utr. Sicil. vol. ii. p. 40. pl. 20. feels Gs Cytherea Venetiana, Lamarck, CE. ine Dione rudis, Deshayes. Hab. Mediterranean. The thread-like strise of this species are comparatively obsolete in the middle of the shell towards the umboes. Species 39. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe vartans. Cire. testa suboblongo-ovatd, antice cor- datd, postice subproductd, tenui, ventricosd, fulves- cente-lacted, maculis ferrugineo-rufis radiatd, lunula et ared ligamenti maculatis, concentricé dense _filo- striata. THE VARYING CIRCE. teriorly heart-shaped, posteriorly rather produced, Shell rather oblong-ovate, an- thin, ventricose, fulvous cream-colour, rayed with rust-red spots, Imule and ligamentary area spotted, concentrically densely thread-striated. Cytherea varians, Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 15. f. 33. Cytherea rubiginosa, Philippi. Dione varians, Deshayes. P) Hab. This and the three preceding species represent by their affinity to Dione lata on the one side and Circe sulcatina on the other, the connection between the two genera. Species 40. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE SULCATINA. nus turgidd, solidiusculd, fulvescente-lacted, castaneo- Circ. testd trigono-cordatd, plus mi- rufo varie pictd, medio levigatd, ad latera corrugato- striata. FINELY-GROOVED Circe. Shell triangularly heart- shaped, more or less swollen, rather solid, fulvous THE cream-colour, variously painted with chestnut-red, smooth in the middle, wrinkle-striated at the sides. Cytherea sulcatina, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. f. 308. Circe sulcatina, Deshayes. Hab. Philippine Islands ; Cuming. Extremely variable in painting, which is sometimes dis- posed in rays sometimes in concentrically waved lines. October, 1863. CIRCE—Pravr) LUXS Species 41. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe Fastieiata. Cire. testd subtrigono-ovatd, postice subattenualo-productd, fulvd vel rufescente-albd, nigri- cante-castaneo conspicue angulatim maculata, concen- trice corrugato-striatd, striis rudibus, wregularibus. Tue porntep Circe. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, posteriorly slightly attenuately produced, ful- vous or reddish-white, conspicuously angularly blotched with dark-chestnut, concentrically wrinkle- striated, strize rude, irregular. Cytherea fastigiata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 643. pl. 135. f. 158, 159. Circe fastigiata, Deshayes. Hab. Sydney, New Holland. Strongly resembling @. castrensis in painting, but con- stantly distinct in form and uniform size. Species 42. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) Ciron picta. Cire. testd trigono-ovatd, postice attenuato- productd, albd, lineis nigricante-castaneis angulatim reticulata, concentricé filo-striatd, striis ad latera in- terdum corrugatis. ‘THe Parntep Circe. Shell triangularly ovate, pos- teriorly attenuately produced, white, angularly reti- culated with dark-chestnut limes, concentrically thread- striated, striae sometimes wrinkled at the sides. Cytherea picta, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 569. Circe picta, Gray. Hab. Indian Ocean. Elegantly reticulated with an angular textile of dark- chestnut, more or less open in its distribution. Species 43. (Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE HIEROGLYPHICA. pressd, postice attenuato-productd, alba, maculis nigri- Cire. testa trigono-ovatd, com- cante-castaneis triangularibus aspersd, medio levigatd, ad latera corrugato-striata. THE HIEROGLYPHIC CIRCE. compressed, posteriorly attenuately produced, white, sprinkled with triangular blotches of dark-chestnut, smooth in the middle, wrinkle-striated at the sides. Meretrix hieroglyphica, Conrad, Jou. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. vi. p. 253. pl. 19. f. 22. Cytherea hieroglyphica, Sowerby. Hab. ? Shell triangularly ovate, This is closely allied to C. fastigiata, but it is charac- terized by a much more delicate growth, while the painting is peculiar, Circe PLX. Vincent Brook Sowerby, de} et ith CAPRA Cair. PHATE X. Species 44. (Fig. a, 6, c, Mus. Cuming.) Circe ARaBica. postice subquadratd, crassd, fulvd aut caerulescente- alba, rufo-fusco obscure biradiatd et punctato-aspersd, concentricé irregulariter callosé lirato-striatd. THE ARABIC Circe. posteriorly somewhat square, thick, fulvous or bluish- white, obscurely two-rayed and dot-sprinkled with red-brown, concentrically irregularly callously ridge- striated. Venus Arabica, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. p. 224. pl. 201. f. 1968-70. Cytherea Arabica, Lamarck. Circe Arabica, Gray. flab. Red Sea; Madagaseay. Variable in form, but mostly distinguished by a dot- sprinkled colouring. Cire. testa ovatd vel oblique orbiculari, Shell ovate or obliquely orbicular, Species 45. (Pig. a, J, ce, Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE LENTIGINOSA. erassd, albidd, griseo et ferrugineo-fusco varie lentigi- nosd, concentrice rude corrugato-liratd, liris in medio interdum obsoletis. THE FRECKLED Crrcz. Shell ovate or oblong-ovate, thick, whitish, variously freckled with grey and rust- brown, concentrically rudely wrinkle-ridged, ridges sometimes obsolete in the middle. Venus lentiginosa, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. vol. ii. p. 223, pl. 202. f. 1963, 1964. Cytherea Pfeiferi, Philippi. Circe liturata, Gray. Circe lentiginosa, Deshayes. Hab. Red Sea; Indian Ocean. This species varies greatly in form, colour, and seulp- ture. The three specimens selected for illustration repre- sent its extremest variations. Cire. testa ovatd vel oblongo-ovatd, Species 46. (Mus. Cuming.) CrrcE puLcHRA. Circ. testa oblongo-ovatd, crassa, con- vend, postice subangustd, violaceo-grised, ustulato-cas- tanco late biradiatd, medio levigatd, ad latera corru- gato-striata. THE BEAUTIFUL Circe. Shell oblong-oyate, thick, con- vex, posteriorly rather narrow, violet-grey, broadly two-rayed with burnt-chestnut, smooth in the middle, wrinkle-striated at the sides. Desuayes, Pro. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 6. Cytherea elegans, Sowerby (not of Koch). Hab. Red Sea. The colouring of this species is strongly marked ; if per- manent, it is highly characteristic. Species 47. (Mus. Cuming.) CIRCE ABBREVIATA. abbreviatd, fulvescente-lacted, ferruginco-rufo sparsim Circ. testd rotundato-ovatd, antice undaté, concentrice undique regulariter liratd et striata. THE SHORTENED Crrcog. Shell rotundately ovate, short- ened on the anterior side, fulvous cream-colour, spa- ringly waved with rust-red, concentrically regularly ridged and striated throughout. Cytherea abbreviata, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. vol. vi. p. 322. Circe abbreviata, Deshayes. ? ITab. This passes very close to the variety of C. lentiginosa, represented above it at Fig. 45 0. Species 48. (Mus. Cuming.) Circe ELLIPTICA. Cire. testa elliptico-ovatd, posticé sub- quadratd, fulvescente-spadiced, livido-griseo tinctd, pur- pureo-castaneo sparsim maculata, umbonibus carneo- tinctis, ad latera lirato-corrugatd. Tub puLrpric Circe. Shell elliptically ovate, poste- riorly somewhat square, fulvous bay, tinged with livid grey, sparingly blotched with purple chestnut, umboes flesh-tinged, wrinkle-ridged at the sides. Cytherea elliptica, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol. i. p. 645. pl. 135. f. 174, 175. Circe Callipyga, var., Deshayes. 5 Hab. This shell and the shell represented at Plate VILL. Fig. 31, appear to me to confirm Mr. Sowerby’s view, that it is a species distinct from C. Callipyga. October, 1863. CIRCH.—Prate X. Species 49. (Mus. Cuming.) | Venus Callipyga, Born, Mus. Vind. p. 68. pl. 5. f. 1. d Z - Cytherea Callipyga, Sowerby. Crrce Catirpyea. Cire. testa oblongo-ovatd, compres- | J PYG cs y F B a oe Cytherea Adenensis, Philippi. siusculd, fulvescente-albd, rufescente-fusco varie nebu- | lata, concentricé rudé irregulariter corrugato-lirata. Cie CLG Ro WEENIE Tue Cautrpyea Circe. Shell oblong-ovate, rather Fiat, ce compressed, fulvous white, variously clouded with | red-brown, concentrically irregularly rudely wrinkle- ridged. This, like C. dentiginosa, is also extremely variable. The two species almost pass, indeed, one into the other. abbreviata (Cytherea), Lamarck. . Adenensis (Cytherea), Philippi .. equivoca (Venus), Chemnitz... . albida, Deshayes ...... apicalis (Cytherea), ro fips e Arabica (Venus), Chemnitz .... Artemis, Deshayes............ australis, Sowerby ............ australis (Venus), Chemnitz... . Callipyga (Venus), Born... .... castrensis (Venus), Linneus... . corrugata (Venus), Chemnitz. . crocea, Gray. . Cyrilli (ey tere, Pilon eee dispar (Venus), Chemnitz...... discors (Venus), Schroter divaricata (Venus), Chemnitz .. . elegans (Cytherea), Sowerby .... elliptica (Cytherea), conerinn sake erythrea (Cytherea), Jonas... .. fastigiata (Cytherea), Sowerby . . fluctuata (Cytherea), Sowerby . . . fulgurata, Reeve fumata, Reeve . eibba (Geren: Sianatele: Hebraea (Cytherea), Lami Te hieroglyphica (A/eredriv), Conrad intermedia, Reeve ............ lenticularis, Deshayes lentiginosa (Venus), Chemnitz .. (HIRAI (CEN wis 3 ao BORE OF ; Lorenziana (Venus), Chemnitz. . Manille (Cytherea), Sowerby ... marniorata, Reeve... . ClikOn. Species. | AZ 49 minima (Venus), Montagu... .. muscaria (Cytherea), Lamarck . . nummulina (Cytherea), Lamarck Orbica;, eevens semsis aie s1c1s)oisi «sere ornata (Cytherea), Lamarck .. .. pectinata (Venus), Linneus .. .. personata, Deshayes .......... Pfeifferi: (Cytherea), rail Sats picta (Cytherea), Lamarck . plebeia (Cytherea), Hanley... .. plicatina (Cytherea), Lamarck .. pulchra, Deshayes ...... pulicaris (Cytherea), martes ranella (Cytherea), Lamarck .. . . rivularis (Venus), Born........ rubiginosa (Cytherea), Philippi . . rudis: (Hens); Polity rvs shite rugifera (Cytherea), Lamarck. . . Savignyi (Cytherea), Jonas... .. seripta (Venus), Linnaeus .... - - Sowerbyi, Deshayes . sucillatase lever. tage kevereenats sulcatas G77 was -caue suleatina (Cytherea), Tamme testudinalis (Cytherea), Lamarck tigrina (Cytherea), Lamarck... . transversaria, Deshayes........ triangularis (Venus), Montagu . . EO Aso a Sanh ood oooN trimaculata (Cytherea), Lamarck tumefacta, Sowerby ..........- undatina (Cytherea), Lamarck . . varians (Cytherea), Wood...... Fenetiana (Cytherea), Lamarck. . Species Ke Fe LS > wWNrw ox t. oe - aed 4 ee 7 + ee - re emit