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Seefional Library

CONCHOLOaiA ICONICA

ILLUSTKATIOj^S

SHELLS OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS.

VOL. XIX.

OXTAINISG MONOGRAniS OF THE

IIHLICIXA.

PANOP.EA.

SCAT/AKIA.

CUMINC.IA.

GLYCIMEKIS.

CYl'KINA.

.VNATINEl.LA.

I'LICATl'LA.

HMAIiGINULA.

GNATHODON.

CEMOKIA.
KIMULA.
CARDILIA.
CRANOI'SIS AND

ZKIDOKA.
TYPHIS.

PLEUKOTOMAKIA.
GALEOMMA.
SCINTILLA.
STOMATKLLA.

STOMATIA.

GENA.

S0LI':N.

ADEOKBIS.

TELXOSTOMA.

BRODEIilPIA.

CULTKLLUS.

CYCLOSTKEMA.

PlIARUS.

MEGASPIRA.

CHILINA.

PHYSA.

SOLECURTUS.

PETRICOLA.

ASTARTE.

VENERUPIS.

PANDORA.

TRIGHOTROPIS.

LOVELL AUGUSTUS REEVE, F.L.S., E.G.S.,

COBBESPONDING MEMBEB OF THE N.MURAL niSTORT SOCIETY OF WURTEMBDKG, OF THE
.NEW TOKK, OF THE ACADEMY OF ^•AT^;KAI. SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHI
/.OOLOGICO-BOTAMCAL SOCIETY OP VIENNA.

YCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OP
, AND OF THE

CONTINUED BY

G. B. SOWERBY, F.LS.

' All true, all faultU-ss, all in tuin
Creation's WDiulrous choir
OpvuW in mystics imisoii
Tu lust till time expire."

Kvblc

LONDON:

L. REEVE i CO., .-., HENraETTA STREET, COYEXT GARDEN.

1S7L

LONDON :
VEOS AXD ro., I'RINTLliS,
COVEKT GAr.DEN.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

H E L T C I N A

■'I'ls bL-uuly truly lk»l, wli„se rt-d and white-

-Nature'.^ uwu .swuot and cunning hand laid ou."'- HIiaL-fix

miieina PL.l.

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Soweriy del etLUi

VmceiitBiooli3Da.yXSon kp

11 E L I C I N A.

Genus HPiLICINA Lamarrk.

Testa tenrstre, kelici/oiinis, conica, lenticularis, met

globosa ; apertur<r tnargine intemo rectiuscido,

manjine externa pkrumqite rejhxo vcl iiicrassato.

Operculum concent i-i cum, testaceum vel coi-neum, oblique

semilunari vel subquadralum, nucleo subceatrali.
Slicll terrestrial, helieiforiii, conicul, lenticular or
globose ; inner edge of aperture ratlier straight.
outer margin generally reflected or thickened.
Operculum concentric, shelly or horny, obli(iuely semi-
lunar or subquadrate, with nearly central nucleus.
It is difficult to accept as useful the numerous
generic divisions into which the species of this genus
have been .separated. The pas.siiges from the conical to
the globose, the globose to the lenticular, the notched to
the entire columella, the impercei)tible to the thick
rounded callus, the rounded to the angular, and thence
to the keeled body-wliorl, are made bv almost impercep-
tible gradations. That being the case, it is impossible to
define snch genera as Trochatella, Alcudin, Lucidella,
<tc., so as to distinguish them from each other, and
from llelirina ; while, on the other hand, they unitedly
form a genus of varying forms, but fairly included in
one genus as defined above.

The llelicina abound more on islands than on con-
tinents, jireterring the tropics. Cuba, the West Indian
Islands, especially Jamaica, the Philijjpines, and the
Pacific Islands are among tlieir favourite habitats,
although the tropical, and even the nortliern parts of
the .American continent ]iroduce many species. The
rapid increase in the nuniber of known species that has
t.aken place in this genus is very remarkable. In 1842
Mr. Sowerby publi.shed 7;i species, a large proportion
of which were then recent discoveries; and in 18GG his
2nd Monograph with 270 species. In the present
work we describe 310.

I Ml

Brit. )

IIki.icina DissiMi la.ns. lltl. tesld depressd, fusco-
rubefcenti, concentriw striata ; spird depresso-
contcd, anjractibus parcis, paticis, ultimo anfractu
fublenticuluri, medio obtusissimc aiiffulato, callo veii-
trali tumidiitaculo, columella aculeatd. obliqud ; labio
externo amjiielo, reflexo, luteo, supcrne senuatim de-
press), in/id ad colunidlamjis^urd iiirisd emarginato.

The dissimi:l.\tis(: Helicina. Shell depressed, reddish-
brown, concentrically striated ; spire depressed-

conical, whorls small, few, last whorl rather len-
ticular, very obtusely angular in the middle ;
ventral callus rather thin, columella aculeated,
oblique ; outer lip narrow, reflected, yellow,
sinuously depressed above, notched with an in-
cised figure below at the columella.

Poet. Mem. II., p. 35, t. 4, f. C, 7.

Hah. Cuba.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis.)

Helicina si'bmahginata. Hel. test(tgloh(Mi-siihd>'j>ns.-<,i.
fused, vel rubra ad sutiiram /ilcniuiqnc /iitm
marginatd, spiraliter punctatn-slrinta ; sjiiri'i sub-
conicd, an/ractibus convexis, majusculis : apice
obtuso ; ultitno anfractu inflato, medio fihsmre
angulalo ; callo ventrali magiiu, albo, tumido,
cohimelld obliqud, aculeatd ; labio externo luteo,
crasso, ad columellam infra tmarginato.

TUE SUBMAItGINATEI) HlCLICINA. Shell globosc-sub-

depressed, bruwii, or red generally bordered at
the suture with yellow, spirally puncture-striated,
spire rather conical, with rather large convex
wliorls; apex obtuso; last whorl inflated, obscurely
angular in the middle; ventral callus large, white,
tumid : columella oblique, aculeated ; outer li])
yellow, thick, notched below at the columella.

Gli.vY. Zool. .luuni. i. p. CS, t. fi, r. II.

Helicina rubra, I'lVilicr.

Ilab. Cuba.

Species 3. i" Fig. a, h, Mus Nobis.)

IIelicis.\ Sagkai.aJs'a. Hel. testa mcgiiti, crussd, siib-
angulatd, fused, epidennide viridi iuterduui induttl :
spird depresso-conicd, apice obtuso, anfractihvs
convexis, callo ventrali exjianso, inrrassnlo, cnluiuilli'i
obtuse aculeatd. ; labio externo albo, rejlexo, ad
columellam infrd emarginato.

The Sagha Helicina. Shell large, thick, rather
angular, brown, covered sometimes with a green
epidermis ; spire depressed-conical, apex obtuse,
whorls convex, ventral callus expanded, thickened,
columella obtusely aculeate; outer lip white, re-
flected, notched below at the columella.

OiiBlGNy. Mollusques de I'lsle Cuba.

Helicina Jennnereti ? Pfeiffer.

Hab. Cuba.

February, 1874.

HELICIXA.— Plate I.

Species 4. (Mus. ? Copied.)

Hei.icina festiva. TId. testa solida, angulatd, ruhro-
fiiscd concentrice rugatd, inter rugis rubra Lineatd,
medio luteo fasciatd ; callo ventrali luteo, ntbro
marginato, columeUd parvd, aculcatd ; lahio externa
luteo, incrassata, infra ad columellam evmrginato.

The FEsTm: IIelicina. Shell solid, angular, concen-
trically wrinkled, with red lines between the
wrinkles ; banded with yellow in the middle ;
ventral callus yellow, bordered with red ; colu-
mella small, aculeated ; outer lip yellow, thickened,
notched below at the columella.

(ii:AY. Zoology of Beechy's Voyage, p. 145, t. 38, f.

Ilah. ?

\Ve have met with shells resemblino; this, but not
Mieh as could be considered characteristic. Tlie
original type seems to be lost.

Species 5. (Mus. Nobis.)

Helicisa ochracea. Hel. testa oblique angulatd, solida,
ochraeed, concentric!: tenuiter rugatd; spird convexo-
conicd, obtusd; ultimo anfractu media subangulatn ;
callo ventrali expanso, crasso ; columella abliqud,
parvd, subtuberculari ; labia externa superne siib-
sinuata, medio expanso, fere in lubam prodiicto,
ad columellam emarginato.

The ochraceous Helicina. Shell obliquely anguhir,
solid, ochraceous, concentrically finely wrinkled ;
spire couvex-conical, obtuse ; last whorl rather
angular in the middle ; ventral callus expanded,
thick, columella oblique, small, subtubercular ;
outer lip subsinuous above, expanded in the
middle, and produced almost into a lobe, emar-
ginated at the columella.

I'OEV. Mem. p. 112, t. 11, f. 1-4.

Hah. Cuba.

Species 6. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina palliata. Hel. testd subglobosd, mediocriter
tenui, fusco-rubescenti ; spird conicd, subacuminatd ;
anfractibus suhplanulatis, ultimo anfractu magno,
(■alio ventrali tenui, expanso, columelld brevi,
aculeatd ; aperturd magnd, labia externa atirantio,
Iota, infra ad columellam emarginato.

The cloaked Helicina. Shell subgloliose, moderately
thin, reddish-brown; spire conical, subacumi-
natcd ; whorls rather flattened, last whorl large,
ventral callus thin, expanded, columella short.

aculeated; aperture large, outer lip orange, broad,

notched below at the coluraeUa.
C. B. Adams. Contributions to Conchology.
Helicina citrinolabris (var.), C. B. Adams.
Helicina albolahris (var.), C. B. Adams.
Helicina consanguinea, C. B. Adams.
Hab. Jamaica.

The above variations are scarcely of specific impor-
tance. The mouth is larger than in Helicina Brawnii.

Species 7. (Mus. Nobis.)

Helicina hicrostoma. Hel. testd dejvessd, teniusculd,
pallide {sed fasciatim magis vivide) fulvd ; spird
depressa-conicd ; ultimo anfractu depresso, callo
ventrali rotunda, columelld oblique aculeatd ; aper-
turd lata, compressd, labia externa reflexo, supemi
Jlexuosim depresso, infrd ad columellam profunde
inciso-emarginato.

The s.m.\ll-moutued Helicina. Shell depressed,
rather thin, pale (but more brightly in bands)
fulvous ; spire depressed-conical ; last whorl
depressed, ventral callus rounded, columella
obliquely aculeated ; aperture broad, compressed,
outer lip reflected flexuous, depressed above, with
a deeply cut notch below at the columella.

C. B. Adams, New York Lyceum,

Hah. Jamaica.

A species easily known by the flexuously depressed
form of its outer lip, and other peculiarities.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina macilenta. Hel. testd alba, compressd, ,
pellucidd; spird parvd, anfractibus paula ,
callo ventrali incanspicuo ; columelld parvd, obliqu'e
aculeatd ; aperturd depressd, labia externa superne
arcuato, infri prope columellam valde flexuoso.

The lean Helicina. Shell white, compressed, semi-
pellucid ; spire small, whorls a little convex;
ventral callus incons2)icuous ; columella small,
obliquely aculeated; aperture depressed, outer
lip arched, strongly flexuous below, near the
cclumella.

C. B. Adams. Contributions to Conchology.

Hab. Jamaica

A pretty Uttle species, remarkable for its depressed
form, and a strong flexure in the lower part of the
outer lip near the juncture.

HcUana FIJI.

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Vincent Brook Day I Son Imp

II E L I C I N A.

1'l.ATE II.

Spocics 9. (Fig. (T, f>, M"s. Cuming iu lirit.)
HtLlciNA BitowNMi. Hel. tesUi siihrotinuhi, tenuniscula,
fused vel rubra, fpiraliter suhstriaU'i ; spird conicd ;
aperturd inliis aurantia ; labia interno alho, rolunde
calloso, in deiiiem acuminatum termiiianii ; lahio
exlerno compresso, rejlexo, ad juncturam subjle.moso, ^
profunde inciso, ad medium fiibaiif/uluto.

Buows's IlELiciNA. Shell rather touikUhI, rather thin, ■
brown or rod, spirally a little striated; spire j
conical ; aperture orange within ; inner lip white, ;
roundly callous, ending in an acuminated tooth ; I
outer lip compressed, rellexed, a little lle.KUous at j
the juncture, deeply incised, a little angular at the |
middle.

Gu.u-. Zool. Journ., vol. i. p. CS, j,!. 0. f. 10.

Helicina hir.uta (var. f. a.), C. B. Adams.

Helicina Ilollandii (var.), C. li. Adams.

Hub. Jamaica.

rii/,nt

r/i'i, niiprd, //

1 Uitco ftiisriiiti

rtuni

Species 10. (Mw. Cum. in Brit.)
IIi;i.iciN.\ C.\T.\LINIAN.\. IIcl. IcsUi angulaio-mbdepressd,
solidd ; Iwvi.jau;, fumoso-fusr.;, aperturd si<btra-
pezoided, ml juncturam labiorum emarginatd, labiu
interna mbcomplanato ; lahio externa crasso.
Catalini's Helicina. Shell angular, subdepressed, solid,
smooth, smoky-brown, aperture rather trape/.oidal,
notched at the juncture of the lips ; inner lip
rather flat ; outer lip thick.
Pkeii FEK. Blainviiles Malacology.
Hab. Cuba.

Of a more solid and angular character than the pre-
ceding, and of a uniform smoky-brown colour.

depressd : lahio interno romplanato „llndo, ad ier-
minum dentato ; lahio externa alho, rat„adatrm
angulalo.
Tinc B.whama Helicina. Shell depressed, rather
angular, obliquely wrinkled, brown, belted with a
red line at the angle of the whorls, banded above
the line with dull yellow ; aperture depressed, inner
lip flattened, whitish, toothed at the end, outer lip
white, roundly angular.

ToEY. Mem. p. 41G.

Hub. Cuba.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Helicina Buiauea. Jlel. teM solidA, omnlna paWd.l,
vel fagfiis diiabiis latis vivide rubric halleald,
oblique mbtrochiformi, ad medium anjhictuniu ob-
tuse anffulatd, labia interna ad terminum dentata,
lahio externa ad juncturam emarejinato.

The Buiakean Helicina. Shell sohd, pale all over,
or belted with two broad bright red bands,
obliquely subtroohiform, obtusely angular at the
middle of the whorls; inner lip toothed at the
end; outer lip notched at the juncture.

Poky. Mem. p. 109, t. 10, f. 9-12.

Ilelieina ciliata (var.), Poey.

//<.//r/m,./<-.v..»/«/a(var.), Poey.

Uab. Cuba.

Species 11. (Mus. Cum. in Brit.)
Helicina Bayiiamensis. Hel. testd depressd, subane,ule,td,^
oblique ru<jata, fused, ad anejulum anfrartuum hnea

>pei

13. (Fig- ", i^I"-^- '*"f-' ''' ^'"^- '^'''

Helicina silacea. Hel. testd crassd, dejnrsso-mblro-
chiformi, oblique profunde rugaid ; streimined vel
fnsco-nibescenti late bifasciatd, medio ruhro lineatA ;
lahio interno ad terminum dentato; lahio e,i<n,o
lato, crasso, suhcomplanato, ad mediinn prm/urt,,.
snhangulato, ad juncturam emarginata.

The Yellow Helicina. Shell thick, depressed, sub-
trochiform, obliquely deeply wrinkled; straw-

IIELICINA.— Plate II.

coloured, or with two broad bands of reddish-
brown, and a red line in the middle ; inner lip
toothed at the end ; outer lip broad, thick, toothed
at the middle, notched at the juncture.

AIoEELET. Testacea Nov.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 14. (Fig. a, and fig. h, PI. IIL, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina major. Hel. testd suhrotundd, Icevigatd, ruhni,
infrd, albidd ; spird conicd ; aperturd semilunari.,
labia interna alba, callosa ; labia externa subcovi-
planato, alba, adjuncturam leviter emarginato.

The larger Helicina. Shell rather rounded, smooth,
red, whitish below ; spire conical ; aperture semi-
lunar, inner lip white, callous; outer lip rather
flattened, white, slightly notched at the juncture.

Gray. Zool. Journ., vol. i. p. 68, pi. 6, f. 10.

Helicina Gossd (var. ), Pf'eiffer.

Helicina nobilis (var.), C. B. Adams.

Hah. Jamaica.

With the general form and appearance of //. Brvwnii.

this species is larger, and instead of an incised notch it
is only slightly emarginated at the juncture of the two
lips.

Species 15. (JIus. Cuming in Brit.)

Helicina pulcherrima. Hel. depressa-svbmlunJd, liiteo-
fuscd, leviter rugatd, media rubra unilineatd ; spird
obtusd, subratundd ; labia externa albido, superne
subcantracta ; ad medium subpraducto ; ad junc-
turam emarginata.

The vert beautiful Helicina. Shell rather rounded,
depressed, yellowish-brown, slightly wrinkled,
with a single red line in the centre ; spire obtuse,
a little rounded, outer lip whitish, a little contracted
above, a little produced in the middle ; notched at
the juncture.

Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. v., pi. 19, f. 57.

Helicina crassa, D'Orbigny.

Hab. Cuba.

Tlie surface is sometimes covered by a slightly hairy
epidermis.

ndidiiu ]'/. in

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Sowerby dslethtli

Vmcwit.BrookondyJ,;jor,imt

JI E L I C I N A.

Fig. 11, fig. h.

IIelicin.v ma.ioi:, Gmij. This varicly luis bpcn named
IleUcina iiobilis by t'. B. Adai'ns. It is slightly
more Trochifbrni, and the under side of the body
whorl is wliite.

Species IG. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina vi;llti.ma. Ifel. testa fusro-mbtscfuli, s'lpni
depresso-coyilcd, infrd leiUiculari, medio auj'iav-
luitm rotundatim amjidatd, upertura coinpressd ;
lahio extemo subrotundo, rejlexo, siqterni Jlexuosim
depresso, infrd inciso-cmanjinalo ; callo venirali
teniii, columella in dentem tcrmiiianti.

The velvet Helicina. Shell brownish rod, de-
pressed-conical above, lenticidar beneatli, roundly
angular in the middle of the whorls, aperture
compressed, outer lip a little rounded, reflected,
flexuously depressed above, with an incised notch
beneath ; ventral callus tliin, cohiniella ending in
a tooth.

Poet. Memoire des Coquilles de Cuba, ii. p. 35, t.
4, f. C, 7.

llab. Cuba.

broad, flattened ; apcrturo semilunar, outer lip

thickened within.

V. Zool. ofBeechey's Voy., p. 145, pi. 38, f. 2-2.
. Haiti.

Species 17. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina glohosa. llel. testd alba, solidd, globoid;
spird mucronatd ; anfractu ultimo vmlricoso, su-
pern'e spiraliter striato, infrd Icevigato, post labium
internum subumbilicato ; labia iiUciiw latiiisculo,
complanato, aperturd sanilunaii, labia externa
intils sid>incrassato.

The GLonosE Helicina. Shell white, solid, globose ;
spire mucronate, last whorl ventricose, spirally
striated above, smooth bene;ith, slightly umbili-
cated behind the inner lip; inner lip rather

February,

Species 18. (i\Ius. Brit.)

IIki.kixa KiiAMiMiosTYLA. ITel. iestd tenui, subdepressd,
pallidi icsiofulvd ; anfractibus ad suturam fascia
alhi) laliiisndd, tunc fascid ruhrd latd, alterdque
patli,/i,,ni .yiiialitcr clnctd, infra rnhn, tiiictd, prope
(ip, rtiiram fusco unifasciatd ; aperturd dcpressd,
lahio exierno supra Jlexuosim depresso, ulbo, pro-
tlui-to, rejlexo, propa columellam inciso-emarginato,
callo ventrali rotundo, columelld acute unidentatd.

The beak-pillahed Helicina. Shell thin, subdepressed,
jiale rose-brown ; whorls spirally belted with a
white, rather broad band at the suture, then with
a bi-oad red band and another paler, stained below
with red, with a band of brown near the aper-
ture; apertiu'c depressed, outer lip flexuously
depressed above, white, produced, reflected,
columella ending in a sharp single tooth.

Pkeikfer. I'roc. Zool. Soc. 185G.

Jlab. ?

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina ciir.YSosTOMA. Jlel. tcstd trocliiformi, alhd,
spiraliter costald ; spird conicd, acuminata, aper-
turd intiis vivide aured ; labia externa pallide aureo,
retrorsum subexpanso ; columella subtrigord, com-
planatd ; cum labio externa antice continuo.
TuE GOLD-MOUTHED Helicina. Shell troohiform, light,
white, spirally ribbed ; spire conical, acuminated,
aperture blight golden within ; outer lip pale
golden, expanded backwards ; columella subti'i-
gonal, continuous with the outer lip.

1873.

HELICIXA.— Plate III.

Helicina (2nd) PL III. f. 109, 110.
Hah. Cuba.

Shl'ttleworth. Sowerby's Thpsaunis Conchyliorura. j The very large Helicin.\. Shell broad, siibcom-

pressed, smooth, white ; spire a little elevated,
last -whorl compressed, rounded; ventral callus
expanded, columella short; aperture semilunar,
outer lip expanded, reflected.

SowERBV. Proc.Zool. Soc. 1842. Thes. Conch., pi. i. f. 2.

Hah. Jamaica.

A very pretty
group.

iple of the

Species 20. (Mus. •

•?)

Helicina sinuosa. Hel. testd solidd, alba, subtrochi/onni,
superne conicd, in/erne rotundato-siihconve.rd, spi-
raliter striata, medio avfractuum siibcarinatd ;
aperturd snbauriformi, labio externa rotunda, su-
perne sinuatim depresso, prope j^incturam anticmn
sinuato ; labio interna antice in columellam tortuam,
postice in plicam callosam terminanti.

The sinuous Helicina. Shell solid, white, somewliat
trochiform, conical above, rounded and a little
compressed beneath, spirally striated, slightly
keeled in the middle of the whorls, aperture
somewhat auriform, outer lip round, sinuously
depressed above, sinuated near the anterior junc-
tion, inner lip terminating anteriorly in a tortuous
columella, posteriorly in a callous fold.

Pfeiffer. Zeitsch. fur Malak. 1830.

Hab. Mexico.

The aperture of this species is most curiously
formed, a sinuous depression in the upper part of the
outer lip and a callous semicircular plait on the inner
lip near the junction, forming together a kind of loop.

Species 21. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina maxima. Hel. testd laid, suhcompressd, Icevi
gatd, alba ; spird paulo elevatd, anfractu ultimo
compresso-rotundaia, callo ventrali expanso, colu-
mella hrevi ; apei-turd semilunari, labio extcrno
expanso, rejlexo.

Species 22. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina excavata. Hel. testd trochiformi, fulvd, spi-
raliter striata ; spird moderate elevatd, acuminata ;
apice mua-onata ; ultimo anfractu rotundato-suh-
depresso ; aperturd subrotundd. intils aured; labia
externa tenui, planulato, rejlexa, calumelld subtri-
gond, excavata.

The exc.wated Helicina. Shell trochiform. fulvous,
spirally striated ; spire moderately elevated, acu-
minated ; apex mucronated ; last whorl rounded,
subdepressed ; aperture rather rounded, golden
within ; outer lip thin, flattened, reflected ; colu-
mella subtrigonal, excavated.

Pfeiffer. Proc. ZooL Soc. 183.J.

Hab. ?

Species 23. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Adamsiana. Hel. testd jjarvd, rubescenti, len-
tiailar-i, loevigatd ; spird convexa-depressd, oblique
leviter striata, labio externa alba superne depresso,
iufrd prope juncturam tumidiuscido, suJiflexuoso,
calumelld brevissimd, arcuatd.

The Adamsian Helicina. Shell small, reddi.sh, len-
ticular, smooth, spire convexly depressed, obliquely
.slightly striated, outer lip white, depressed above,
rather swelled below near the junction, sub-
flexuous, columella very short, curved.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842. Soweiby's The-
saurus, fig. 71, 72.

Hab. Jamaica.

miidnwn.W.

^^

^m.

m m

'^

Sowcriy deletlith

Vtn cent Brooks Day ltScin,Imp

H E L I C I N A.

S;Mrics21. (Mu<. lii-it.) | .^„/„n<;/„l„lo .■ /rJ„o , rh

Ili.l.IflNA KXSKCIA. //r/. ji'irr,}. Ia:,;)/at,l, iilhiilii, sn- I /"■"/'■' '■olii„„//am Irril

/lenic fulic/i-nitii. iiiferii!- .oiihlcnliriihiri ; spird trii/uii<}.

tiimidi'i. (iii/rarlibias jtarvh, riihrn-fiixi-is, kiteribus ' '^'"■- \^'i'i i: Hi M'^in \. SI

convixis ; ultlimi oiifi-iotn tiiiiiilo, iiifni medium cLpiuv-I, spiic i1c|,it

leriter aiiinnto ; ti/iiTliir.i /iniWi, (/(/irt'J.-i?, iiitiis

sukniroi, rohnnr//d p., ml. ami,', ; lahio ,:c/,r„o ad

Jiiiirtliniiii imiin/iiKllo.
TllK KXSKIITEI. llil.K'iNA. Sl,cll small, sinontli. wliifo.

slightly clcvatr.l almve, rallicr lenticular bmratli;

spire twiiiia, «lM.rls small, r.'.l.lish-Urowu. with

coiivx sl.l.s: last wli..rl tiiiiu.l, sliglitly krelcl

licl.ivv tlu> mi.l.llo; apprtiin- small, ,l",-i,ressc<l,

Pl-Kll

Z.-ils.-l

sll.jil

M:

larp

siiliunvliat ■.'oliliii williiii : r.ilmnlla small,

outer li]i imtrlii-ii .at llii- Junetinti.
(HNl.l.ACll. PleillVr. Maiak. I'.l. IS^S.
/I.d,. CuUi.

I
S,Hci,.s 2.-.. (.Mus. Brit.)

IIl-;i.ICINA INTl-Sl'I.ICATA. /fil.l,<','l tei,lliu.<rill,'i. fulvO-
nihi'sci iiti. .--u/n'riH- conict'i, iii/'ernc li'iiticiilm-i ; f/)i)ii \
sulehral.i, n,„ioi, ai>frartil„is hrevlhn^, ad latent '
rectis : aii/~ractii ulliiiin rutuiidatim aiujuliiti) ; cohi-
melta brerl, IriijouA ; tid/in iiiteriio tenui.<i!imo ; hibio
exieino albidn, siiperni- .■'iibdejirfSM, ad Juncturam
aiilicain onanjiiKit", (t inline f:jiiralilir vniplicato.

TllK .M(piTii-fi.AHi:i) lIixniNA. Shell rather thin,
reddish I'uIvdus, euuieal alxive, lenticular below ;
spire somewhat elevated, conical, whorls short,
straight at the sides: last whorl roundly angular ;
columella short, trigonal, inner lip very thin;
outer lip whiti.sli, slightly depres.sed above, oinar-
ginated and single-plaitt.-d within at the anterior
junction.

Pffiukii. Proc. ZooI. Soc. is.-.d. T
lionim. vol. iii. llelicina, f. (JO.

Species 27. (Mus. Sowerhy.)

]Ii:i,IC-lN-A TITAMCA. //, /. Icstd CraSsd, snji.rur d,'prrs.'<n-
co„ir,K /»/■/-,; rnl,n,</o-co„vex,l „/,/„,„r tenuitn-
rui/atd; K/>n,i nhtiis.i, aii/rarUhiis ihpressls. ndiri-=,
ultimu anfrartii ,„r,/i,i <n,;/i,/„/o. hit,,, /„.^ri„f,,.
iii/rii aiii/idiiiii rubm luiiliiifiito ; lahii, iii/triiii Into,
rolundii, calloso ; ,-i,/iii,irl/,i iiiii,/,„l<it.i : hihi.i ,.,■-
Unw alb.. n-a.», b,U.. pUwuh,,,,, .../.. n.c ,l,/.nr.„,
siipni ini'dhiin siibij-carntii, ad iiiP.diinii jinidiicio, (id
JiinrtiiriUii ridiiiiicitd liritir iinanji initn ; ojurrnln
riibro.

The tita.sic IIi;mcin"a. Shell thick, depressed-conical
above, rounded-convex beneath, obliquely finely
wrinkled; spire obtuse, whorls depressed, red;
la.st whorl angular in the middle, banded with
yi'llow, with a line of red below the angle ; inner
lip broad, rounded, callous ; columella with a
single tooth ; outer lip white, thick, wide, flattened,
dei)re.s.sed above, a little excavated above the
middle, produced at the middle, sliglitly notched
at th(! juncture with the columella; oj)erculum red.

I'oi.v. .Mem. p. no. Sowerby's Thes. Conch. %. 2.

llah. Cuba.

One nf the largest species, resembling Ilelu
Brianii, but obliquely wrinkled.

Species 20. (Mus. lirit.)
lli:i.iciN'A srcci.NKA. Ili'l. tcitd ii'iiiii, lariijatd, Mtcciiu

spird depnssu-conioi : iillimu aii/raclu subdeprest<o, I lli.i.i(i>

February, 187.'!.

Species 28. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
nriitosA. Hel. tesld sub<viiq)ressd, leniii, luted

IIELICINA.— Platk IV.

vel roseo-fulvA ; spird depresso-conii;!. nnfrniUhns
pwvis, brevibus; ultimo anfraclii r<'i,/j.r, ^.-n. innlii,
rotundo, cohimella trigona, labia extirin' nlbo. I,iiiii,
ad juncturam vix evmrginato.

The DuiiiDUS Helicina. Shell subcompressed, thin,
yellowish or rose-fulvous ; spire depressed-conical,
with small, short whorls ; last whorl compressed,
rounded in the middle, columella trigonal, outer lip
white, thin, scarcely emarginated at the junction.

C. B. Adams. Contributions to Conehology, vol. vi. p. 93.

Ilab. Jamaica.

Species 29. (Fig «, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina rotunda. Hcl. testa hrl/ri/nnni, .•^ii/n//o!j<is,i,
luteu, snperne fidvo-ntbescmiti, Irrii/nlii, tciiiiiagrtdi'i ;
spirA subelevata, lateribus convexis, anfractibus
pa7-vis ; ultimo anfractu subdepresso ; callo veii-
trati rotundato ; columella brevi, subtiigona ; aper-
turd semilunar ; labia externa tenui, rcfiexo, ad
juncturam vix emarginata.

The rounded Helicina. Shell heliciform, subglobose,
yellowish, reddi.sh-brown above, smooth, rather
thin, spire slightly elevated, with convex sides,
whorls small; last whorl a little depressed ; ventral
callus rounded, columella short, a little trigonal;
aperture semilunar; outer lip thin, reflected,
scarcely emarginated at the junction.

D'OuBiGNY. Mollusques de I'lle de Cuba, p. 252.

Hab. Cuba.

0. r,

llab.

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)
iciNA MEGASTO.MA. Hcl. fesfd siibglobosd, iernii, hevi-
yata ; fulvd vel rubra-fuscd ; spird ilevatd, coiiird ;
ultimo anfractu rotundato ; callo ventrali sub-
rntunda, aperturd majusadd ; columelld parvd,
acuta ; labia externa raiundo, angusto, ad junctu-
ram leviter emarginato.

LAKGE-MOUTiiED Helicina. Shell subglobose, thin,
smooth; fulvous or reddish-brown; spire elevated,
conical, last whorl rounded ; ventral callus rather
rounded; aperture rather large, columella small,
sharp; outer lip rounded, narrow, slightly emar-
ginated at the junction.

Adams. Contributions to Conehology.
■i,a, aj/ini,, C. B. Adams (var. ?).
. Jamaica.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina LixxonALis. Tlel. testa subtrocbiformi. tniii,
hivigatd, fiisrn-ruhcsroiti .• .<i^)/;v( ronicA : uUiin
anfractu mliuidn: ,;,l,iiii, 11,! pan;',. lrign,i,i ; hdil

Spe

(Mus. Brit.)

Helicina vinoiNEA. Hel. testd globasa, solidd, superne
acuminatd, inferno rotundd, spiralittr striata ;
spirA elevatd, mucronatd ; aperturd semilunari ;
labia cnlumellari infra medium lata, excavato ; labia
externa intus incrassata, ad marginem acuto, infra
medium producto ; operculo crasso, extus granulaso.

The virgin Helicina. SheU globose, solid, acumi-
nated above, rounded beneatli, spirally striated ;
spire elevated, mucrouate ; aperture semilunar,
columellar lip below the middle wide, excavated ;
outer lip thickened within, sharp at the edge,
produced beneath the middle; operculum thick,
granular outside.

Lea. Obs. on Unio and other L.aud Shells, vol. i. t.. JCi',
t. 19, {. 58.

UchciiKi iiiiijiullinii^ Ferrussac.

Hah. Cuba.

externa
expanso.

md,-

The littoral Helicina. Shell somewhat trochiform,
thin, smooth, reddish-brown ; spire conical, last
whorl rounded ; columella siruill, trigonal, outer
lip .sloped above, yellow, flat, thin, a little exjianded,
slightly notched at the junction.

CtUNDLACII. ?

Hab. Barraccas, Cuba.

Species 33. (Mus. lirit. )
Helicina CRAssicostata. //,-/. te.<!td camprcsso-globosd,
alhd, crassd, spivaliter crebrb costatd ; columelld
lata, suhexcavatA, rectittsculd; aperturd suhrotundd
ad juncturam intits plicatd ; labia extcrno lati>.
planulato, mperne vix depresso.
The tiiick-ribhed Helicina. Shell compressed-globose,
white, thick, spirally closely ribbed; columella
broad, subexcavutod, ratlicr straight; aperture
somewhat beaked, with an intciior jJait at the
juncture; outer lip binad. Ilaltrnnl. vrrv sliuhtlv
depressed above.
SoWERBV. Thesaurus Cauhyli,.,.,,,,, ILH-na, Species
Gl. Plato IH., f. 1)7.

Hah. ,'

The locality of this apparently uiihiue shell is un-
known.

Hdicina PI. V.

<% ^

^

"^^^^ '^

^

^

SowerbjdeleUilh

V[ncentBiooksDay&SoE.imp

II i: L I C I N A.

.pecK-s

(Mus. Uiii.)

.liiXA ni'iiKLi.A. Ilet. testi) purtii, coinj>reMiJ, sub-
/tnliciilari, rubr<'i ; nltiino (nifntrlii iiieilio stibcari-
ihiti', siipn.! el iiij'ni ainjnlnm (njiialilir convexo,
itjieiliird parvt'i, cullo veiitrali rotinulo, colunullil
/iiiifA, iihliijuii, iltiili/uniii ; Itilii,, ejlerno ad cohl-
iiiilliim fiditld I iiinri/iintlii.

i.irn.K i:ki) Hklicina. Slicll sinall, coinpiosstd,
viililLiitiouIar, roil; last whorl sliglitly kooUd in
the iiiiikUo, ei|ually convex al.uvo and lielow the
aiiL'li'. ajicTturc .small, ventral callus round, colu-
mella small, ol)li<|Ue, tooth-like : ouler lip a little
emarfriiiated at the columella.

ntKK. Troc. Zool. .<;oe. LS.",;!.

'-. St. Thomas, West Indies.

(latini si{lic<iiiipre.<!.to, callo viiitruli /mrrn. r<i!iim(ll<1
parvit hiiiii, (tiba, (li-nlifoniii, fiiih<ihliiiii,'t ,• apirttird
ill/hi medium paulo prodiirtii, lahin cdrrno ad
jtiHcliiriiin pituto cmurijiiiiitii.

TUE AMliKi: llixici.VA. Shell suliglobosc, yellowish;
Sjiire conical, a little elevated; last whorl roiuully
subcomprcsscd, ventral callus small, columella
small, thin, white, tooth-like, somewhat ohli.iue :
aperture a little produced below the; middle, outer
lip a little omarginated at the juncture.

Pkkiifku. I'roc. Zool. Soc. 1«.')'.».

Iliib. Aroo Island, Eastern Seas.

pi;.<.<i
idtim

Species ;?"). (.Mus. Brit.)

IIklkisa minima. Ilel. d'HA minut'i, folUli.fulvd, coiii-
iibltHliruliiri ; spini brevilir conicd ;
i/iiu'tu iiij'ra rotiindalim convi.io, medio
depre.vo-rotiindo ; cnhimellA iilbd, obli(/<id, dfiili-
I'ormi, jjarrd ; lihio ixttrno ttd junctiirum pautd
iiiinri/!n<il(i.

'l"iu. .SMAI.I. IlKLl.lXA. .Shell very small, solid, fidvous,
compressed, sublenticular; spire shortly conical,
last whorl roundly convex below, dei)resscd,
rounded in the middle ; columella white, oblique,
tooth-sha]ied. small ; outer li]i a little enuirginated
at the juncture.

D'Orhionv. Mollusqucs de Tile de Cuba, p. 25:1

/■/.</-. St Tliomas'.s, West Indies.

Species 37. (Mus. Brit.)

IlELiriNA Bkiiani

JfeL tesid pi

lenliculari, obscutr fulvd ; spird brcvitcr conicd ;
cullo venlrali parvo, columelld tenni, obliqiid, (mm
lubio ejlerno coiijluenti ; Inhio cxterno siiperni de-
presso, siitiialo, tiimido.

Thk Bkiiaxian- Hklicina. She'.l small, depressed,
rather lenticidar, dull fulvous; spire .shortly
conical ; ventral callus small, columella thin,
oblique, confluent with the outer lip, outer lip
depressed above, sinuous, tumid.

Pfkii ri;i:. I'roc. Zool. Soc, 18.')',», p. i'.l

Jfab. Nicobar Island.

In this species is observed
callous sinuosities in the
through gradations in sevei
teeth in //. aureola.

ihv fi

ntionoftlK

•li, passing
me distinct

^pec.e*

KI.KCTinXA.

;}(;. (Mus. Brit.)

fpiid

Ilel. te.''td SHb,jloho.-<it
i paulo t'Uvatu : anfractu iilti.

luted :
■ ml nil -

.".8. (Fig. «, b. r, -Sins. Brit.)

\. Ifrl./e.<ld ma.jnd, <jlol,„><d, .yiirnl/t.r
i- pirtd ; Kpin'i ronir,;, (iiifnictihiin inu-
■ rohnnelta pl,„n,l,i/,l suhtri^Jund ; I,d,io

IIELICINA.— Plate V.

•exterm supra miiltu tt infra panlo ditnatim emar-
ginato, hinc irilobato ; luba mcdiand productA,
linguceformi.

The royal IIklicina. Shell large, globose, spirally
striated, variously painted, spire conical, wliorls
rather convex; columella flattened, slibtrigonal ;
outer lip above much, and below a little sinuously
emarginated, thus trilobate, middle lobe produced,
tongue-shaped.

Morelet. Test. Nov. 10.

Helicina unguiculata, Poey (var. f. 104).

Helicina mvltutriata, Velasques.

Helicina maculosa^ Newconibe.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 39. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina eetracta. Hel. testa suhjhbosa, fusco-nibes-
centi ; spird convexd ; ultimo anfruvtu rotundo,
infra subdepresso ; columella minutA, quasi re-
traetd, labio externo antice oblique prodiicto, ad
juncturam acclivi, paulu emarginalo.

The retracted Helicina. Shell subglobose, reddish-
brown ; spire convex ; last whorl rounded, slightly
depressed below ; columella very small, as it were
drawn back ; outer lip anteriorly obliquely pro-
duced, sloped upwards at the junction, a little
emarginated.

Poey. Mem. vol. i. p. IIC, tab. 12, fig. 20-2C.

Hab. Cayajabos, Cuba.

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Sprucei. Hel. testd subrosed, solida ; spird
subpyramidatd, lateribus plamdatis ; rallo ventndi
tenui, jiarvo ; columella trigond, labio externo
anguste rejlexo, ad ■luncturam leviler emarginato.

Spruce's Helicixa. Shell rather pink, solid ; sj.ire

subpyraniidal, with flattened sides ; ventral
thin, small, columella trigonal, outer Ii[) na
reflected, slightly emarginated at the junoti

Pfeii'FEi:. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857.

Hab. Tarapota, Andes.

Species 41. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina okesigena. Hil. testi'i suhgtoboso-cohijin.-i.-d,
rosea -fiiscesrcnte, spin! Icnticulari ; iiiijhiiiit iilhiint
rotundo-depresso ; columeUd jiarrd, trignnd ; lab/o
externo angnsti rcfexo, ad jancluram rix emarginato.

The mountain-i!01!N Helicina. Shell subglobose-coni-
pressed, pinky-brown, spire lenticular; last wdiorl
roundly depressed ; columella small, trigonal ;
outer lip uan'owly reflected, scarcely emarginated
at the juncture.

D'Orbigny. Synopsis, p. 28.

Hab. Bolivia.

Species 42. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina sciii-uscA. Hd. testd mmpressd, subangnla'd,
succintd ; spird deprtsso-canird ; tdtiiao anjractn
depnsso-svhaiignhita ; calta nntrali subrotundo ;
cohwuild parrd, dcntiformi ; labio externo tenui,
prope rolumellam patdo emarginato.

The brownish Helicina. Shell compressed, rather
angular, amber-coloured ; sj)ire depressed-conical ;
last whorl depressed-subangular ; ventral callus
rather rounded ; columella small, tooth-shajied ;
outer lip thin, a little emarginated near tlie
columella.

Menke. Synopsis, p. 71).

Helicina rotellina (var.) Potiez et Micliaud.

Helicina Hornbeclcii (var.) I'hdippi.

Hab. Porto Kico.

Ih liana I 'I 17

4

^

4

4

4

Sowerby, del d. Jidi

Vjicajlfiiooks3a.yi5

II E L I C T N A.

Species in. (Mus. Brit.)

lIi:i.rriXA scnri-i.AiirM. //./. te,<l.i trofhifvrmi, ele-
val'i, iiciniiiitatil, /<bi'i, )V'r.<ii>' apifi'in wired, an-
JhirtH iilliwo Uirteo, liijWi ii,e,l!tii,t siibaiif/iituto ;
apertiird siihtriijnui'i, iiitus mirci'i, hihio externo
lamiiiiilo, riJle.i-0, arilirr produrt,,, roliimelh't tri-
<j,.hA.

The i;(mk IIelkixa. Sholl trncliifonn, clevatorl,
aciiniin,iti'(l, siiiootli, culdcii towanls the apex, last
whorl milky, slightly anirular below the middle ;
aperture subtrig^onal, irojdon within, outer lip
laminar, refhcted, colnniella trigonal.

>[ora:i.r.T. rub. Test. Nov., p. 2n.

llah. Cnba.

A narrow little pIjiH of the conical form.

Species 41. (Fig. r/, 6, Mns. Brit.)

Hki.ICIX.x COLIMKI.L.MUS. Ifi'l. te.--f'i tnirliif'ormi, Iceii.
verstU iiplcim wno'i, Viiitrirnf,), acumiiinlil, ul-
timo an/riiclii lonrr.vn, lix fini/iilKlii, ri'.^eo-lnctci' ;
apertiini siilitn'tjuii,}, itilu.< aiirt'd, Coliimcllii ycctiiis-
nihl, ruhr.i, l.il^i,, cj-l,r»o rejlr.ro, plaiwlnto.

The coi.iMKi.i.Ai: IIki.icixa. Shell trochiform. smooth,
yellowish to\v;irds the apex, venlrico.-e.aciiniiiiatod.
last whorl convex, scarcely angular, milky-pink;
aperture subtrigonal, goMen wiihin, columella
rather straight, red, outer lip rellccted. Ilattetied.

ToKY. Mem. II., p. It, t. 1, i: 11).

Ilelirlna Bhiniluina. Gundlach.

IlcUcina itcnminata, .'

Uab. Cuba.

One of the most ventricosc of the conical form, distin-

g\iishcd by a red columella.

Species 45. (Mus. Brit.)
Hei-ICIna pvramidata. Ilel. testd parvci, pallidi siib-
viridi, contcd, elevatd, acuminata ; -ultimo an-

fractu pnrrn, rotundato, nperturA mditrif/ond ;
labio cxtirno prodiicio, teriter riJlfX'), rolwiifUa
re.ctih/riilA, fi/h'i, trvjoin'i.

The ITI'.AMIDAI. IlEi.inxA. Shell small, ]>alc greenish,
conical, elevated, .■icuniinated ; last whorl small,
rounded, aperture subtrigonal ; outer lip iiroduced
gently reflected, columella rather straight, trigonal.

SoWERiiY. Thesaurus Conchylioriuu, Part 2J, Ilelicina,
PL V. f. 157.

ILd>. Cuba.

Species 4 0. (Mus. ? Co[.led.)

IIki.icixa festa. ILL tisl-'i tri»-lujhrnii, pallide ae-
ruleii, acuminnt'i, sjiirnlitcr fnvtiiltiti'i ; ii/tinio <i>i-
fraclu aiii/iilulo ; aperliud uivptlato, saiii/ni/iei'i,
lidjio crli ritii iliitia- produrlo ; coluiiu Ih'i hiinitialii,
ohliipiil.

Tin; lEsTivE HiM.iciXA. Shell trochiform, pale-bluish,
acuminated, sjiirally pitted; last whorl angular;
aperture angular, sanguineous, outer lip produced
anteriorly; columella laminated, oblicpic.

Grxni.ACH in Pocy Mem. 11., p. 15.

nab. Cuba.

Species 17. (Fig. «/, b, Mus. I'.rit.)

IIelicixa jfiUTLATA. III. tcslA trocliifornii, clcgaiitcr
iiiiiiiiiri(d(1 ; anfractibus ad suturaiii idho vcl auren
/<isci(itis, iiifrd fnfriam rubris vcl viridi arireis,
vel ruhrd-bicttis ; aperturd suhlriijond, labia ex-
terno planultito, vnlidc rcjlexo, columella sanguined.

The si i;axglko Helicixa. Shell trochiform, elegantly

acuminated ; whorls banded with white or gold at

■ the suture, red or bright yellow, or pinky-white,

below the band ; aperture subtrigonal, outer lip

flattened, strongly reflected, columella sanguineous.

PoEY. Mem. Cub. II., p. 14, t. 1. f. 19.

Hab. Cuba.

The lip is suddenly reflected so as to form almost a

right angle with the body whorL

April, 1873.

IlELICINA.— Plate VI.

Species 48. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

HeliCINA e.KACUTA. Uel. testa stramined, laivi, Irochi-
forrni; spird subdepressd, acuminata ; ultimo
anfractu infrd, medium angidata, concinne cari-
natd; aperturd suhtrigond, lahio interno nibro,
columella obliqud, lahio externa infra medium
angulato.

The sharpened Helicina. Shell straw-coloured,
smooth, trochiforni ; spire subdepressed, ac^i-
minated ; last whorl angular below the middle,
neatly keeled ; aperture subtrigonal, inner lip red,
columella oblique, outer lip angtilar below the
middle.

Poey. Mem. II., p. 114.

Helicina Straminea, Moricand.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 40. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina conoidea. Hel. testd parvd, albidd, de-
presso-trochiformi ; anfractibus planiusmlis, an-
gustis, ultimo anfractu subdepi-esso, infrd medium
acute angulato; aperturd pai-vd, labia externa
superne declivi, medio angulato, infrd subrotundd.

The coNE-siiArED Helicina. Shell small, whitish,
depressed, trochiforni ; whorls rather flat, narrow,
last whorls depressed, sharply angular below the
middle ; aperture small, outer lip sloped above,
angular in the middle, a little rounded below.

Pfeikfek. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853.

Hab. Barbadoes.

Species 50. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina subtuiuuta. Ilel. testd 2>arrd, ttnui, viridi,
subtrochiformi ; spird acuminata, conicd, anfrac-
tibus supernii excavatis, medio angidatis, ultimo
anfractu infra convexo ; columelld rotunda, acn-
leatd.

The subturreted Helicina. Shell small, thin, green,
subtrochiforni ; spire acuminated, conical, whorls
excavated above, angular in the middle, last whorl
convex ; columella rounded, needle-shaped.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Part 25. Helicina,
sp. 103, PI. V. f. 185.

Hab. ?

A light, thin, horny species with the whorls curiously
hollowed above and angular in the centre.

%

Hclicnia ri.Vll.

%

owerby del ei_ hl}i

:BiooksDiyASoiilmp

II i: L I C I X A.

Species')!. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina c.m:ix,\t.\. Hi I. tnta jutrvd, stramimn, su-
periii- clifre^so-coiiio'i, iiijiii ItHlii-iiUiri : njiini
parvd ; ultimo anj'riutu medio c<iriiinlo ; (ijitrtunt
trapezoidtd ; labia exteriio alho, rotitmlo, medio
nnijulato, cum coluinelhi amjUunti.

The c.vhix.med IIelicin.\. Slifll sni;ill, stniw-cDlourcd,
depressed-conical above, ientieuhir tuMieatli ; spire
small ; last wliorl keeled in the middle ; aperture
trapezoidal ; outer lip wliite, rounded, an^'ular in
the middle, conlluent with the columella.

I)'0kii1(..nv. Moll. Anier. Merid., p. 30O, pi. 10, GO-0.

//eliciniii Fi.^cltfriaua, Montrougier.

Jlab. New Granada.

Species 52. (Mus. Brit,)

HkLICINA TliOCIIIFORMIS. //«/. tt'Sld COIlicd, l<efi, (JMm/,

.</)iV(J clt'Vdtd, acumiiintij, atij'iiictibiis plaiiiiliilis ;
ultimo anfractu infni coiiiejo, midin airimtlo ;
cnrind (diui, acuta ; ajierlurd purvd, labio ertcrno
alho, rejhxo, supra sinuatim dtpresfo, ad medium
producto, elei-alo ; columella pared, olliiiut'i,
acukatd.

The tkochifokm IIelicina. Shell conical, smooth,
j^olden, spire elevated, acuminated, whorls flat ;
last whorl convex below, keeled in the middle;
keel white, sharp ; aperture small, outer lip white,
reflected, sinuously de]iressed above, produced at
the middle, elevated ; columella small, oblique,
aculeated.

SowERBV. Proc. Zool. S<K\, 1812.

llab. Isle of Negroes, Philippines.

The form of the lip difiers from th.it of the most
laterally coin])rossed variety of Ililicina uculissima,
which the shell otherwise slightly resembles.

Species 53. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina rhodostoxa. Ilel. testd sup-d infrdqve len-
ticulari, medio acute carinatd, albd vel j'ulvd,

April

margine ajurlurce ruhro ; spirit hrevi, obliisi- i-onin'i,
aperturd suli(piadraid, columelld .^u/ienii- rvtmidiilim
calloM, infra in ."/liiiiiin <triitissim(nit jinidiirfa ,•
labiii exterito planulatini rrJUxn, medio acute aii-
gulato.

The piNK-MoiTMED IIiaiciNA. Shell lenticular above
and below, sharjily keeled in the middle, white
or fulvous, mouth red- margined ; spire short,
obtusely conical, aperture suVjquadnite, columella
roundly callous, reflected above, produced into a
ver)' sharp spire below ; outer lip flatly reflected,
sharply angular in the n)iddle.

Gray. Zuol. Journ., vol. i. p. OS.

Uab. ?

Species 51. (Fig. -(, b. Mus. lirit.)

IIelicixa coscEN'Ti!i<A. //('/. tcMd pnllidc Mramined,
vel subrosed, obscure notatd ; superni acute conicd,
medio acute carinatd, infra convexd, omnino
spiraliter striata ; aperturd subrhomboided, lubio
externa medio rotundato, columelld pared, arciiatd.

TllK CONCE.VTHIC IIelicixa. shell jiali; straw, rose-
tinted, obscurely marked ; acutely conical .above,
acutely keeled in the middle, convex below, all
over si)irally striated ; aperture subrhoniboidal,
outer lip rounded in the middle, columella small,
arched.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1818.

Ilab. Venezuela.

Species 55. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

IIelicixa spinifera. Ilel. testa tenui, ventricosd, su-
perni conicd, iiifrd convexd, medio acute cari-
natd, aured, infra carinam rubra unilineatd, vel
purpurea oblique striyatd, maculis rubris ad su-
turam carinamque ornatd ; columelld pared, in
spinam acutam praductd ; labia externa albo, re-
fkxo, ad medium angulato, producto.

The spinifekous Helici^ja. Shell thin, ventricose,

1873.

HELICINA.— Plate VII.

conical above, convex beneath, sharply carinated
in the middle, golden, with a single red line below
the keel, or purple, obliquely striped, ornamented
with red spots at the suture and keel ; columella
small, produced into q shurp spire; outer lip white,
reflected, angular and produced in the middle.

Pkeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Hah. Solomon's Isle.

Both varieties of this species are very beautiful

Species 5G. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicisa sua vis. //('/. test'/ coined, medio caritmfd,
infra carinam coinpresso-conve.rd ; aiired, ad sii-
tvram carinamqiie macvlis parvis rnbris, infra
carinam lined rubra noUitd, vel purpured superne
rubra reticulata ; aperturd medio infrnque angii-
latd.

The pleasant Helicina. Shell conical, keeled in the
middle, compressed-convex below the keel; golden,
marked at the suture and keel with small red spots,
below the keel with a red line, or purple reticulated
above with red ; aperture angular above and
beneath.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G.

Ilab. Admiralty Island.

One of the prettiest of the species, more elevated and
less compressed than the preceding, and without a spire
at the lower ande of the mouth.

Species 57. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina angulata. Jlel. tcstd compi-esM, supcnu;
obtuse conicd, infra leniiculari, medio carinatd,
vmnino fulvescenti, supra et paulo infrd carinam
strifjis parvis notald ; columella paulo arcuatd,
infra spiniferd ; labio externa medio atigvlato.

The anculak Helicina. Shell compressed, obtusely
conical above, lenticular beneath, keeled in the
middle, all over brownish, above and a little under
the keel marked with small stripes ; columella a
little arched, spiniferous beneath ; uuter lip angular
in the middle.

SowEEBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, sp. 245, fig. 414.

Hah. Brazil.

Species 58. (JIus. Brit.)

Helicina suturalis. TTel. testa compressd, lenticu-
lari, pallide luted, medio acute carinatd, supra,
carinam rubra obliqu'e strigato ; aperturd acute
arigiilatd, labio externo acuta.

The sutural Helicina. Shell compressed, lenticular,
pale yellow, sharply keeled in the middle, obliquely
striped with red above the keel ; aperture sharply
angular, outer lip sharp.

Martens. Berlin Academy, 1804.

Hah. Amboyna, Ceram.

This little lenticular shell appears to be fidl-grown,
but has no signs of thickening or reilexion in the outer
lip.

IJdicwa Fl. VIII.

^

.((9

Vmcent-Biooks Day i Sojijmp

E L I C 1 N A,

Platk VIII.

Species 59. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicix.\ i;fiU!(i.M.\i:i:iN.\T.v. Iht. trsl.i coiiica, am-
iiiiiiatt'i, pallidi mii-t'i, (injhtrli/ju.< iii/irioi-il/it!!
eonfejciuscit/is ; ultimo nnfraclu iiijWi medinm
cariniito, inj'ni cariwim siibjilditiildlo ; apertnrd
subtlepressd, ungtilntil, lahin exit'nio rcflexn, niliro,
anlict' ciineato ; lulio iiileruo rtilro, incntssntu.
cohniu'U't (iiiijustii, nibri'i, ulilii/ud.

The 1!EI)-.m.\H(,in-kd IIelkina. .Sliell conic.nl, acu-
iiiin:iti-(], pale {rolik-n, lower wliorl.s rather coiive.\ ;
la.«t whorl carinatod below the nii.ldle, rather
Matteiied hon.ath the keel; aperture rather de-
pressed, angidar, outer lip r<-llected, red, euiieate
anteriorly; inner lip red, thickened, columella
narrow, red, oljliipie.

GfNDL.vcil. Poey. Mem. ( iih. 11, ji. 15.

f/ab. Cuba.

Remarkable among the trochiform species for the
deep red margin of the mouth.

Species CO. (Fig. a, b, Mii.?. Brit.)

1Iki.icin'.\ Slo.wki. /hi. lefld sublrorlii/oniii, ventricosd,
jiallide JalrA, vostis obfcuris spiralibus ciiwtii ;
spird conia'i, amminah'i, apice inireo ; ultimo
anfractu ventricoso, medio obtuse carinato ; aper-
tnrd subqnudratd, intits awed, eolumelld recti-
ilsculd, atigusld, albd ; labio externa alba, leviter
rejlexd, imtnjine rotundo.

Sloane's IIklicina. Shell subtrochiform, ventricose,
pale fulvous, girt with obscure spiral ribs ; spire
conical, acuminated with golden apex; last whorl
ventricose, obtusely carinated in the middle ;
aperture subquadrate, golden within, columella
rather straight, narrow, white ; outer lip white,
slightly reflected, margin rounded.

D'Orbigny. Mollusques de Cuba, vol. i. p. 248.

Ilelicina Gouldiawi, Pfeiffer.

Helicina luteo-apicata, Poey.

Hab. Cuba.

April,

Species fil. (Mus. Poey. Copied.)

Helicina Bastiihaxa. Hd. testa compresso-conicd,
medio laid, rotundiitim anyutatd, viridi, spird sub-
depressii. bilenbus planiiisciclis ; aperturd albd,
callo columellari rotundo, magna ; columella bre-
vissimd, in luberculam terminnnti ; labio extertut
rejlexo, siiperni' stibdepresso, ad medinm in lobam
planulatam producto.

The Bastidian IIi.ijcixa. Shell compressed, conical,
wide in the middle, roundly angular, green, spire
subdepressed, sides llattened ; aperture white,
columellar callus rounded, large ; columella very
short, ending in a tubercle ; outer lip reflected,
depressed above, produced in the middle into a
llattened lobe.

Poky. Mom., p. HG.

J lab. Cuba.

Species C2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. P.rit.)

Helicina Cumi.ncii. //</. testd subylobosd, solidd, rosed,
spird parvd, obtuse conird, ultimo anfractu ven-
tricoso, rubra maculato, vel epidermide viridi,
strifjalo induto ; aperturd maijnd, subtiiijond ;
callo colunullari albo, rotunda ; columella bre-
vissiwd ; labio externo albo rejlfxo.

Cuming's Helicina. Shell subglobose, sohd, rosy,
spire small, obtusely conical, last whorl ventricose,
spotted with red, or covered with a green striped
epidermis ; aperture large, subtrigoual ; columellar
callus white, rounded; columella very short;
outer lip white, rellccted.

PFEiii-Eit. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845.

Hab. St. Domingo.

A lar^e stout

species.

Species 63. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina tcrbinata. Ilel. testa globoso-conicd, albidd,
rubro-fasciata, vel fulvd, superne i-ubescenti, vel

1873.

HELICINA.— Plate VIII.

omnino alba ; spird clevatd, acuminata, anfraclu
ultiyrio rotunda, labia externa rejlexo.

The turbinated Helicina. Shell globose-conical,
whitish, banded with red, or fulvous, reddish
above, or altogether white ; spire elevated, acu-
minated, last whorl rounded, outer hp reflected.

Weigman. In Menke's Synopsis.

Helicina Brandtii, Pfeiffer.

Hab. Mexico.

Species 64. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Helicina curvsochasma. Hel. testa angustd, pyi-amidatd,
elevatd, acuminatd, Icevi, roseo-lacted, nonnuiiquam

apice rubra ; apertiird parvd, intus vivide ruhro-
aured ; labia externa antice producto, rejlexo, labia
colli mellaii crassiusculo, calumelld minima.
The golden-mouthed Helicina. Shell narrow, pyra-
midal, elevated, acuminated, smooth, pinky-white,
sometimes pink-tipped ; aperture small, bright-
reddish golden within ; outer lip anteriorly pro-
duced, reflected, columellar lip rather thick,
columella extremely small.

PoEY. Mem. Cub.. I., tab. 25, f. 14-19.
Hab. Cuba.

The most pyramidal of all the species.

Ihiicuia FLIT.

^' ^

^ ^

H E L I C I N A.

Species 05. (I'ig. a, h, Mas. Brit.)
\lK\.\ciSAii<)ur.\\ti.\. IIel.tc'.-<tiico/itj)ress('i,/e>iticiilari,niljra,

sjtird (/i'j>rcisd ; ulti

•:tu lata, rutiiiido

turd aeiiiiciradaii, mlumiHd iiiiiiulii, labio fxtcnic
rotumlo, subplanvlato, ml juncturma eiiian/iiuito.

The soi.iTAitY IIei.icina. Shell conijnessed, lenticular
red, spire depressed ; last whorl broad, rounded ;
aperture semicircular, columella minute, outer li[
rounded, rather flattened, notched at the junction

Adams (C. B.). Proc. Bost. So.-.

Helicina Guildin<jiitna, Pt'eiffer.

//(('*. Jamaica.

Species GC. (Mus. Brit)

Helicina roMTULA. lid. t-std /xii-ni, hiti.'i. irorluformi,
sul/i-tiiald, sjiirii acuminatt'i ; aa/htctit ultimo an-
ijuhito, sulirtirhialii ; apciluni suhqiniilnitil, colii-
melUi pared, albd, puuld arciuild ; tul/io exlerno
albo, tenui, rejlexo.

Tin- I'OLISHED IIelicika. Sliell sinall. yellowish, tro-
chiform, slightly striated, spire acuminated ; la.st
whorl angular, suhcarinated ; apiTtnrc subipiad-
rate, columella small, white, a little curved; outer
lip white, thin, rellected.

POEY. Jlem. I. p. llo, t. 5. f. 4-0.

Ilab. Cuba.

Species 07. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina calida. Ihl. testa subghbosd, fpiralitir
striata, albidd, ad apicem et in apertin-am ru-
bfsccnli, crassd , parvd ; apive acuminata, anfractibus
conccxiusculis ; ultimo anfrnctu infra medium mri-
nato ; nperturd pared; labio interno expanse, calhiso,
ruh-o : labio externa incrassoto. superne depresso.

The wai:m Helicina. Shollsubgloboso, spirally striated,
whitish, rather red at the apex and in the mouth,
thick, small ; apex acuminated, whorls rather
convex; last whorl keeled below the middle;
aperture small ; inner lip expanded, callous, red ;
outer lip thickened, depressed above.

Weinland ?

Ilab. Bahamas.

Species 68. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina nitida.- Hel. testa depressd, fiilv'i
supra depresso-conicd, infra lenticular

Culttindld

parni, triijund, aruiirinatd ; labio cxtcnin arvio,

ante columellaia leciter emanjiiiato.
The siiini.v; Helicina. Shell depressrd, fulvous, rathrr

thin, depressed-conical above, lenticular beneath;

colunu'lla small, trigonal, aruiniiiateil ; ,.iii.t lip

acute, slightly notched in iVi.nt nf the enlumella.
PlElElEU. AVcignian's Archives, 18:;9.
Ilelirina glabra? Gould.
Hah. Cuba.

Tlie outer lip iu tins species is not relleetcd.

Species GO. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina laciniosa. Ilel. t<std fubijluhnsd, pallidd:
spird eh'vatd, coiiicd : id/imn iiiii'nirhi ilcjurfisa-
subrotundo ; po.-<t colaiiH-lliuii mm j, I, mat, i : coliinii'/ld

pan;

•; lahi

.h,..p,nm,,

culari, ante colwnoUam ri.r rxi-ni-ato.

The hemmed Helicina. Shell subglohose, pale ; spire
elevated, conical ; last whorl depressed and
rounded, flattened behind the columella; columella
small, short; outer lip a little expanded, semi-
circular, scarcely notched in front of the columella.

Mir,n/KLs. Proo. Bost. Soc, 181.').

Ilab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 70. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina inciiustata. Hel. testd huhglobusd, pnllidc
fiilvd, super/w fuseo-unifasciatd ; sjiird coiiicd ;
ultimo aiifrartii deprcf^fo - subi/loboso, aperiurd
maijnd, si ntirirriilnri ; luliio e.itenio anQuste re-
flexo, latiralihr /irmlurlu, ante cotumellani pauld
emarginatt) ; columella parvd, trirjond, complanatd.

The encrusted Helicina. Shell subglobose, pale
fulvous, single-banded with brown above ;
spire conical ; last whorl depressed-subglobose,
aperture large, semicircular ; outer lip narrowly
reflected, laterally produced, a little notched in
front of the columella ; columella small, trigonal,
flattened.

GcNDLACii. PfeifFer Malak., 18.39.

Hab. Cuba.

The spire is more raised and the semicircular mouth

larger and more laterally produced than in Helicina

laciniosa.

April, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate IX.

Species 71. (Mus. Brit.)

Heucixa striatula. Hel. testa parva, oblique concen-
trice striata, rubescenti, svperne depresso-com'cd,
infra lenticulari ; aperturd transverse siiboblongd,
labia externa alba, angusto, rotunda, infra paulb
incrassato, cum columelld conjluenti ; columelld
parvd.

The stuiated Helicina. Shell small, obliquely con-
centrically .striated, reddish, depressed-conical
above, lenticular beneath ; aperture transversely
rather oblong, outer lip white, narrow, round, a
little thickened below, confluent with the columella;
columella small.

SowERBT. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842.

Hub. JIartiniqne.

Species 72. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Adamsiana. Hel. testd lenticulari, depressd,
fulvo rubescenti ; ultimo anfractu in medio sub-
angulato ; aperturd parvd ; labia externa albo,
superne sinuatim depressa, infra prope junctiirain
sinitatim snbincrassato.

Adams's Helicina. Shelllenticular, depressed, reddish-
fulvous ; last whorl a little angular in the middle ;
aperture small ; outer lip white, sinuously de-
pressed above, sinuously somewhat thickened
below near the juncture.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool., 1848.

Ilab. Jamaica.

Species 73. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina fasciata. Hel. testd subdepressd, lenticulari,
albidd, rubra tmniatd et angulatim maculatd, vel
fulvo late fasciatd ; aperturd subablongd ; labia
exteimo anguste reflexo, medio jyi-oducto, columella
indistincta.

The banded Helicina. Shell subdepressed, lenticular,
whitish, banded and angularly spotted with red,
or broadly banded with lawn colour ; aperture
rather oblong; outer lip narrowly reflected, pro-
duced in the middle, columella indistinct.

Lamarck. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert.

Helicina picta, Perrussac.

Hab. Guadaloupe.

Species 74. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina heclivis. Hel. testd parvd, trochifa
pullide vinosd, rubra superne et paula infra c

nam maculis rubris tessellatd ; spird elevatd, lateri-
bus convexiiisculis ; ultimo anfractu infrd medium
angulatd, subcarinatd ; columelld tenui ; labia ex-
terna sujjei-ne declivi, anguste reflexo ; oblique pro-
ducto.

The sloped Helicina. Shell small, trochiform, pale
vinous, tessellated above and a little below the
keel with red spots ; spire elevated, sides a little
convex; last whorl angular and slightly keeled
below the middle ; columella thin ; outer lip sloped
above, narrowly reflected ; obliquely produced.

GuNDLACH. Pfeifller Malak. Bl. VII., ISCO.

Hab. Cuba.

tipecies

(Mus. Brit.)

Helicina kotelloidea. Hel. testd parva, trochifvrmi,
luted, fammeis rubris superne notatd; anfractibus
sujierne subexcavatis, medio subcarinata, infrd
lenticulari ; columelld trigond, labia externa vix
incrassato.

The rotella-like Helicina. Shell small, trochiform,
yellowish, marked above with red flames ; whorls
excavated above, slightly keeled in the middle,
lenticular below; columella trigonal, outer hp
scarcely thickened.

Migh^ls. Proc. Bost. Soc, 1845.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 76. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina coronlxa. Hel. testd compressd, superne
obtusissime canicd, infra lenticidari, oblique conceii-
trice striatd; tdtimo anfractu comp)resso, suban-
gvlato, ad suiuram tribercidis minulissimis caro-
nato ; aperturd oblongd ; labio externa angusto,
albo, suprd infrdque sinuatim incrassato.

The little crown Helicina. Shell compressed, very
obtusely conical above, lenticular below, obliquely
concentrically striated ; last whorl compressed,
rather angular, crowned at the suture with very
minute tubercles ; aperture oblong ; outer lip
narrow, white, sinuously thickened above and
beneath.

Shuttleworth. Pfeiffer Malak., 1862.

Hab. Jamaica.

One of the most depressed of the species which have
a sinuous thickening on the upper and lower part of the
outer lip.

IlcUcuui li.X.

"PJ

&

^

a

■%

Sowerly ddrtliti

\5«nlP:.,tI)ai„

H E L I C I N A.

X.

^peclcs

(Mas. Brit.)

Helicixa spiijeuoida. Ilel. testa irrefjulariter suhglohosA,
(•ra.<,<i'i, suhviridi ; spird parci'i, anfractilnis tiiinutis ;
ultimo anfnictu mac/no, snprd apcrturam elcvato,
pnijii stituiam tuviido, infrd obtuse angulalo ;
apertura parvd, siihtri<jonA, columelld acicuhild,
kiliio externa superne dedivi, infrd medium angtilalo.

The spiiEHOiD IIelicina. Shell irregularly subglobose,
thick, greenish; spire small, whorls minute ; last
whorl large, raised above the aperture, tumid near
the suture, obtusely angular below ; aperture
small, subtrigonal, columella needle-shaped, outer
lip sloped above, angular below the middle.

Pfeifkei!. Proo. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Ilab. Loyalty Island.

Species 78. (JIus. Brit.)

IIemcina 7'isi;m. I/el. testa parv<'i, Iniea, subglohoso-
depressd, crassd ; spird parvd, anfractihus apicuti-
bus minutis ; ultimo niifractu subdepresso, in medio
angulato; apaiurd trigoiid, labia externa incras-
sato, infrd medium angulato.

The tea Helicixa. Shell small, yellow, subglobosely
depressed, thick ; spire small, apical whorls minute;
last whorl somewhat depressed, angular in the
middle ; aperture trigonal, outer lip thickened,
angular below the middle.

PniLirpi. Zeitschrift fiir Malacologie, 1847, p. 124.

Ilab. Sandwich Islands.

A pretty little yellow species, resembling

Species 79. (JIus. Brit.)

IIelicina Keatii. Ilel. tesld magna, depressd, superne
depresso-eanicd, infrd lenticulari, luted, ad angulum
medianum alba, supra medium rubra fusciatd;
anfractibus subplanulatis ; ultimo anfractu depresso,

medio angulato; aperturd subtrigond, colmnelld
pared, aeuminatd, labia externa rejlexo, medio pro ■
(Inrto.

Keate's llKi.iriNA. Shell large, depressed, conically
depressed al)ove, lenticular beneath, yellow, banded
with white at the median angle and red above the
middle ; whorls a little flattened, last whorl
depressed, middle angular ; aperture rather trian-
gular, columella small, acuminated, outer lip
reflected, produced in the middle.

Pfeiffeu. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G.

Ilab, (iranada.

Quite a large and striki
nail lenticular species.

sh,

the generally

Species 80. (Mus. Brit.)

IlEi.inxA PoEYl. ficl. testa subdepressd, rotunda,
albitld,fasnls rubris duabus spiralibus cine fa, inter
fasdas maculis rubris regularibus ornatd, spird
depiressd ; anfractu ultima subrotundato ; labio ex-
terna n/lexo, medio producto ; columelld parvd,
rotunda.

Poey's IIelicina. Shell subdepressed, rounded, whitish,
girt with two spiral red bands, ornamented between
the bands with regular red spots, spire depressed ;
last whorl rather rounded ; outer lip reflected,
produced in the middle ; columella small, rounded.

Pfeiffek. Malak. VI., 1859.

Ilab. Yateras, Cuba.

Species 81. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina adspersa. Ilel. testa subglobasd, tenui, luted,
vane rubra fasciatd et maculatd ; spird, sub-
depressa-canicd ; ultima anfractu ventricoso, ra-
tundo ; labia externa superne tenui, depresso, medio
producto, subexpansa.

The sprinkled Helicina. Shell subglobose, thin,

April, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate X.

yellowish, variously banded and spotted with red ;

spire subdepressed-conical ; last whorl ventricose,

rounded, outer lip thin, depressed above, produced

and expanded in the middle.
Pfeiffer. Weigman's Archives, 1839.
Helicina variegata, Orbigny.
Helicina ornata ? Sowerby.
Hob. Cuba.

Species 82. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina ampliata. Hel. testd suhgloboso-conicd,
albiild, ad aperturam pallide aured, vel fascid
rtibrd unicd pi:td ; aperturd subtrigond, columeltd
pan-d, subplanulatd ; labia externa siiperne depresso
et contracto, media jjlamdato, in linguam producta.

The full Helicina. Shell subglobose-conical, whitish,
pale golden at the aperture, or painted with a
single red band ; aperture subtrigonal, columella
small, rather flattened ; outer lip depressed and
contracted above, flattened in the middle, produced
into a tongue.

C. B. Ad.ams. Contributions to Conchology, n. 7, p. 101.

Hab. Jamaica.

This species exhibits, in an exaggerated form, the
peculiar tightening above and production in the middle
of the outer lip which is in a lesser degi-ee characteristic
of Helicina adspersa and some others.

Species 83. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina bellula. Hel. testd parvd, subglobosd,
luted, varie rubro-fasciatd ; spird elevatd, anjrac-
tibus apicalibus parvis, penultimo tumidiusculo,
ultimo rattindo ; aperturd subtrigond, labia externa
supra medium sinuatim praducto, medio tenuiter
refexo.

The handsome little Helicina. Shell small, sub-
globose, yellow, variously banded with red ; spire
elevated, apical whorls small, the penultimate
rather tumid, last rounded ; aperture subtrigonal,
outer lip sinuously produced above the centre,
thinly reflected in the middle.

GcNDLACH. Pfeiffer Malak. Bl. VI., 1859.

Helicina sutiiralis (var.) Gundlach.

Helicina perispherica ? (var.)

Helicina Yungnensis ? (var.)

Hab. Cuba.

Species 84. (Pig. a, h, c, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina convexa. Hel. testd siibglobosd, depressd,
utriiique siiMenticulari, crassd, luted vel albd,
fasciis maculisque variegatd ; aperturd subdepressd,
labia externa subrotundo, augusta, media paulo jivo-
ducto.

The convex Helicina. Shell subglobose, depressed,
rather lenticular on both sides, thick, yellow or
white, variegated with bands and spots ; aperture
rather depressed, outer hp rather rounded, narrow,
middle a little produced.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Hab. Bermuda.

Species 85. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina t^niata. Hel. testd depresso-conicd, temii,
luted, superne rubra unifasciatd ; spird subdepressd,
anfractibus imrvis ; ultima anfractu infra lenticu-
lari ; aperturd subtrigond ; labia externa paulo
rcjlexo.

The r.iBBONED Helicina. Shell depressed-conical, thin,
yellow, single red-banded above ; spire sub-
depressed, whorls small; last wlmrl lenticular
below ; aperture subtrigonal ; outer lip a little
reflected.

QuoY. Voyage de I'AstroIabe, Zool. II. p. 194.

Hab. Nanikoro.

Much liiihter and less convex than Helicina conrexa.

Species 8G. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina kepanda. Hel. testa parvd, crassd, dcpresso-
subglobosd, luted, rubra unifasciatd ; spird depresso-
convexd obtusd, anfractibus parvis, ultima anfractu
subtics rotundatim calloso ; aperturd subtrigond, labia
externa superne depresso, medio praducto, infra
prope ju nclurani emarginato.

The bowed Helicina. Shell small, thick, depressed-
subglobose, yellow, single-banded with red ; spire
depressed convex, obtuse, whorls small, last whorl
roundly callous beneath ; aperture subtrigonal,
outer lip depressed above, produced in the middle,
emarginated below near the junction.

Pfeiffek. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Hab. ?

The lower lip recedes peculiarly at its juncti
the columella.

with

^ ■^)

Hell ana PI XL

4

% ^>

II E L I C I N A.

Species 87. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)
IIelicina I'LATVCiiKlLA. IIcl. tcMA glohosi'i, mired,
noninanqnniii rubra prope inanjineiii apiomque
piclii, Iccvigatd ; gpird obtusA, ad lutem convex'i ;
ultimo unfmctu compresso-ventrkosd, lahio externo
plunnlato. rejlf.ro.

The FLAT-I.IITEI. IlKLinXA. Shell glolioso. golj-

colourtd, sometimes painted with red near the
apex and margin, smooth ; si)ire obtnse, eoiivex
at the sides; last whorl eompvessed, veiitrieosc,
outer lij) f!attene<l, reflected.

Miil(i.n:i.l.T. Verl. Berl. Geseh. I. 1, I'lO. t. :!, f. 11.

l[,Ucina niHco/ur, I'otiez et Michaud.

Hah. Martiniipie. Cuba.

Species 88. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicixa Tii.ei. Iltl.te.-:tdstil>i/hibns,1, medio amjulatd,
luted, aurco fas'ciatd, ^^pirA ilcvatA, ajiice ol'tiao,
latcriliu.-t coinv.ris ; ultimo anfracta medio aur/ulafo,
auhcarinalo ; apirlurd suhtriijond, columclld /larrd,
aciimiitald ; lahio e.ftirno planulato, rejkxo anticc,
obliijue jtroduclo.

Tile's IIelicina. Shell subglol)ose, angular in the
middle, yellow banded with bright golden yellow,
spire elevated, apex obtuse, sides convex ; last
whorl angular in the middle, slightly keeled ;
aperture subtrigonal, columella small, aeuminatod ;
outer lip flattened, reflected anteriorly, obliquely
produced.

Pfeueek. Zeitschr. 1817, p. l.-iO.

llah. Brazil.

Species 80. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicixa fulva. IIcl. testa pallidisslmi' fulrd, com-
pressd, angjdatd, sijiraliler atriatd ; spird conicd,
anfractibus jilanulatis ; ultimo anfractii compresso,
medio angulato ; aperlurd suhauriformi, lahio ex-
terno rotunda, medio subaugulato ; lahio interna
rotunda, calloso, calumelld brevi, termino cvneato.

The fulvous Helicina. Shell very pale, fulvous,
compressed, angular, spirally striated; spire
conical, whorls flattened ; last whorl compressed,
angular in the middle ; ajierture subam-ilbrni,

outer li]i rounded, rather angular in tlie middle ;

inner lip rounde<l, callous, columella short,

cuneated at the end.
PFErFFEii. Proc. Zool. Sue., 185.").
1I„Ik ?

Species 90. (Mus. Lord Nortliampton.)

IIelicina vii;ii>is. Ilel. tesid angulatd, suhcomprasd,
la-rigatd, riridi, ad angidum alha-fasciidd ; spird
dcpre.iso-iumicA ; idtimo anfractu medio acute
carinatd, .•.vpn) iufnii/ne convexiusculd ; columelld
allid, rotiiiiili calldsi), tirmino angulato.

The geeen IIllkina. iShell angular, subcompressed,
smooth, green, whito-bauded at the angle ; spire
depressed-conical ; last wliorl sharply keeled in
the middle, rather convex above and beneath ;
columella white, roundly callous, angular at the
end.

Lamaei'k. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert.

Hid). St. DominsTO.

Species 91. (JIus. Brit.)

IIelicena r.ERVLixA. Ilel. teM magnd, aiired, depresso-
trovhiformi, spird acuminatd, anfractibus apicalibus
jiarris ; ■uJliiiui anfractu lata, compresso, ad medium
rotiiiiilnliin. augidato, callo columellari expanse,
rolaiidato, rubra marginato, lahio externo supra
inf/uque rompirssa, augusto, rotundato.

The liERYL Helicina. Shell large, golden, depressed-
trochiform, spire acuminated, apical whorls small ;
last whorl broad, compressed, roundly angular ia
the middle, columellar callus expanded, rounded,
red-bordered, outer lip compressed above and
beneath, narrow, rounded.

Goi'LD. Proc. Bost. Soc, 1847.

Uab. Fiji Islands.

Species 92. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina tenuilabris. Ilel. testd dep7-esso-angi(latd,
Iceve, castaned ; spird depresso-conicd ; ultimo
anfractu compresso, lata, rotundatim angulato ;
aperturd iatUs subrosed, callo columellari Jlavido,

April, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XI.

rotunda, columelld minutd, aculeatn, labia cxia-na
ienui, superne depressa.

The thin-lipped Heucina. Shell depressed-angular,
smooth, chestnut; spire depressed-conical; last
whorl compressed, wide, roundly angidar; aperture
pinkish within, columellar callus yellow, rounded,
columella small, aouleated, outer lip thin, depressed
above.

Sowerey. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Sp. 21G, f. 37.").

Hab. ?

A rather compressed species with no thickening or

reflexion of the outer lii".

Species 93. (Mus. Sowerby.)
Helicina Nodje. Hel. testd crassd, pallide fulvd,
globoso-subangulatd ; spird depresso-conied ; ultima
anfractu superne oblique tenuiter rugato, infra
convexo-calloso, medio obtuse angulato ; labia
externa crasso, ratundatim reflexo ; columella parvd,
brevi, intuberculum rotundum desinenii.
Node's Helicina. Shell thick, pale fulvous, sub-
angularly globose ; spire depressed-conical ; last
whorl finely, obliquely wrinkled above, convexly
callous below, obtusely angular in the middle ;
outer lip thick, roundly reflected ; columella
small, short, ending in a rounded tubercle.

GUNDLACH ?

Hab. Arango.

Species 94. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina suBSTruAXA. Ilel. testd parvd, crassd, sub-
glolosd, spiraliler tenuissime striatd ; spird convcxd ;
ultima anfractu mediocri ; aperturd parvd, sub-
aiigalatd ; labia interna callaso, columelld aculeatd,
obliqud ; labia externa crasso, reflexo, lata,
duplicato.

The slightly-striated Helicina. Shell small, thick,
subglobose, spirally very finely striated ; spire
convex ; last whorl of middle size ; aperture small,
rather angular ; inner lip callous, columella
aculeated, obli(jue ; outer lip thick, reflected,
broad, double.

Gray. Zool. Journ., v.

Helicina sordida, King.

Hab. Cuba.

acuminatd, anfractibus subrotundis; ultimo anfractu
subcompresso-lato, ralando ; labia exteriio cam-
planaio, angusia, reflexa ; colunulld trigond, aculeatd.

The BRAZU.IAN Helicina. Shell subtrochiform, thin,
gold-coloured, spirally striated ; spire convex-
acuminated, whorls rather rounded ; last whorl
subcompressed, broad, rounded ; outer lip flat-
tened, narrow, reflected ; columella trigonal,
aculeated.

C4ray. Zool. Journ., i. p. CO.

Hah. Brazil.

Species 90. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina gratulata. Hel. testd trocliiformi,stra>nined,
spird suhacuminatd, anfractibus canvexiitsculis ;
ultimo anfractu subca7npressa, medio acuti' carinato,
supra iiifri'lijiic coiirr.m, calunieltd tenui, abliipid :
labia c.rt, riif t, inii.^sinin.

The pleasant Hklicixa. Shell trochiform, straw-
coloured, spire subacuminated, whorls rather
convex ; last whorl rather compressed, acutely
keeled in the middle, convex above and below,
columella thin, obli(pR' ; outer lip very thin.

Blandford.

Hab. Pegu.

A pretty little light keeled species.

Species 97. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina aurantio-viridls. Hel. ti-.^td glohoso-sub-
compressd; spird aurantid, parnl i/<pn.<s,i, ulliiao

Species 95. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Helicina Braziliensis. Hel. testd subtrochifomi,
tenuis, aured, spiraliter striatd; spird convexo-

anfractu globosa, in medio vicidc eni'i
suturam aurantio fasciato, labiu cfbimetL
excavato, araiatim acuminata ; labia exteri
aurantio, semicirculaii.

The orange-green Helicina. Shell globo

compressed ; spire orange, small, depressed, last
whorl globose, bright-green in the middle, banded
with orange near the suture, columellar lip broad,
excavated, acuminated in a curve ; outer lip
orange-red, half-circular.

Sowerby. Thesam-us Conchyliorum. Helicina, 2nd
Monogi-aph, Sp. 199, f. 380.

Helicina viridis, Sowerby (1st Monograph).

Hab. Philippines?

This beautiful little shell being of a bright green
colour in the body whorl has been mistaken by several
collectors for Helicina viridis.

prope
lata,
■ubro-

sub-

.z"*^^-

&5&^

Udiviiia Pl.XU.

^

^

-^

VaiocnlB'.opbLiv S-Lioi

II E L I C I N A.

Species 98. (Fig. a, b, l\Ius. Brit.)

IIelicina cra.ssil.\bris. Ilel. testa crassa, compicssa,
angulatti, pallide mbescenti, apice ruhro, aperturd
el callo columellari aured ; spird dep7-e.i.id ; ultimo
anfractu compresso-amjalato ; aju rtanl parrd,
callo columellari rotundo, cohniti'lli iimr.'i.ivnhatd;
labia extemo crasso, /latid rejli-.oi, snjx'nir dq>rcs.'<u,
medio obtuse ani/ulato.

The thick-lipped Helicina. Shell thick, compressed,
angular, pale red, ape.x red, aperture and colu-
mellar callus golden ; spine depressed ; last whorl
compressed, angular ; aperture small, columellar
callus rounded, columella small, aculeated ; outer
lip thick, not reiiected, depressed above, middle
obtusely angular.

Philipm. Zeitschril't fur Malak., 1847.

Hab. Venezuela.

A curiousl}' flattened, thick species.

Species 99. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Cuittyaxa. IIcl. tesid trochi/ormi, aciimiiiatd,
liris dislantibus spiralibus cinctd, luted, viridi
nibroque lineatd et maculatd ; ■ultimo anfractu
medio angidato, carina serratd annato ; aperturd
subrotundd, labia externa alba, lata, expanso ; colu-
melld rectiiisculd, planulatd.

Chitty's Helicina. Shell trochiforni, acuminated,
girt with distant spiral ridges, yellow, spotted
and lineated with green and red ; last whorl
angular in the middle, armed with a serrated
keel ; aperture rather rounded ; outer lip white.

coll

rather straight,

broad, expanded ;

flattened.
Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1857.
Hab. Cuba.

A more trochiform shell than Helicina pulchella,
with the spiral striie more distant and smooth.

Species 100. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicixa Petitiaxa. Hcl. tcstd fnhtrochiformi,
spiraliter Striatd, striis rotuudis, luted, ultimo an-

fractu rotundato ; labia externa expanso, radiatim
cri'tiuhito ; cotiimelld angustd, rectiiisculd, ad ter-
miiaim amjulatd.

Petit's Helicina. Shell rather trochiform, spirally
striated, strice rounded, yellow, last whorl
rounded ; outer lip expanded, radiately crenu-
lated ; columella narrow, rather straight, angular
at the end.

Orbignt. Moll. Cub., i. p. 247.

Hab. Cuba.

The last who'l is more re
ceding, and the outer lip of
flattened, expanded, and rayed w
of the body.

ded than in the pre-
le aperture is broad,

Species 101. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Helicina Tankervillii. Hcl. testa magnd, Med, tro-
cJdfarmi, spiraliter serrato-striala ; s^nrd conicd,
anfractibus convexiiiscuUs, supra maculis rubiis
distantibus ornatis ; tdtimo anfractu ventricosd, in
medio serrato-carinatd, infra carinam rubra
lineatd ; labia externa expanso, radiatim crenulato ;
columcUd subtartud, complanatd, cum labium ex-
ternum conjluenti.
Tankerville's Helicina. Shell large, yellow, trochi-
form, spirally serrato-striated ; spire conical,
whorls rather convex, ornamented with distant
red spots above; last whorl ventricose, with a
serrated keel in the middle, red-lined below the
keel; outer lip expanded, radiately crenulated ;
columella rather tortuous, ilattened, confluent
with the outer lip.
Gr.\t. Zoological Journal, i. p. 250.
Hab. Jamaica.

This beautifid species was extremely rare in col-
lections till within a comparatively recent date.

Species 102. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina oplma. irel. testa subgloboso-trochifarmi,
spiraliter striatd, alba, liridi maculatd vel luted

ubro meiculatd et fasciatd : ultimo anfractu i

sntr

April, 1873,

HELICINA.— Plate XII.

coso ; lahio externa albo, angusto, phmulalo, colu-
mella rectiusculd.

The fat Helicina. Shell subglobose-trochiform,
spirally striated, white spotted with green, or
yellow spotted with red ; last whorl ventricose,
outer lip white, narrow, llattened, columella
rathei straight.

Shuttlewortii. Diagnosis, N. Moll., iii. p. 42.

Ilab. Haiti.

More stout and ventricose than those of the same

group previously described.

Species 103. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina pulchella. Hel. testa trochiformi, angulatd,
spiraliler granoso-striatd ; spinl clevatd, aaiminatd,
luted, nibiv tcematd ; ultimo anfractu infni medium
anguluto, serrato-earinatd ; lahio externa expanso,
racliatin crenulato ; columella planidatd, cum
labium externum conjluenti.

The beautiful Helicina. Shell trochiform, angular,
spirally granoso-striated ; spire elevated, acu-
minated, yellow banded with red ; last whorl
angular below the middle, serrato-cnrinated ;
outer lip expanded, radiately crenulated, columella
flattened, confluent with the outer lip.

Gray. Zool. Joun., i. p. 64.

Helicina scitula, Wood.

Helicina Grayana, Pfeiffer.

Helicina dilatata, Poey.

Hab. Jamaica.

A well-known beautifully coloured and sculptured

species.

Species 104. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina rotella. Hel. testa alba, compressd, angulatd;
spird depresso-conicd, ultimo anfractu obtuse Mi-
gulato ; labia externa paulo reflexo, in medio paulo
producto ; colurnelld parvd, angtistd, leviter an-
gulatd, cum labium externum conjluenti.

The rotella Helicixa. Shell white, compressed,
angular ; spire depressed-conical, last whorl ob-
tusely angular ; outer lip a little reflected, a little
produced in the middle ; columella small, narrow,
slightly angular, confluent with the outer lip.

Sowerbt. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Helicina, 2nd
Monog., No. 205, fig. 358.

Hab. New Hebrides.

Species 105. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina gratiosa. Hel. tcstd angulatd, fused ; spird
canicd, elevatd, anfractibus convexihsculis, ultimo
anfractu medio obtuse angulato, infra anguhim con-
vexiusculo, past columellam spiraliter subexcavata ;
apei-turd intiis i-uhro marginatd ; labia externo
angiisto, reflexo ; colurnelld parvd, aculcatd.

The grateful Helicina. Shell angular, brown ; spire
conical, elevated, whorls rather convex, last
whorl obtusely angular in the middle, rather con-
vex, spirally a little excavated behind the colu-
mella; aperture red-bordered within; outer lip
narrow, reflected ; columella small, aculeated.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856.

Hid). Admiralty Island.

Species 106. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina costata. Hel. testd (jloboso-acnmimitd, soliih'i,
albd, spiraliter striata ; spird elevatd, acuminaU'i ;
idtimo anfractu rotunda, ventricose ; aperturd parvd.
intus luted, labia externa incrassato, superne
declivi ; columelld trigond, subplanulatd.

The ribbed Helicina. Shell globose-acuminated,
solid, white, spirally striated ; spire elevated,
acuminated ; last whorl rounded, ventricose ;
aperture small, yellow within, outer lip thickened,
sloped above ; columella trigonal, a little flat-
tened.

GR.A.Y. Zool. Journ., i. p. 67, t. 6, fig. 8.

Hah. Jamaica.

Species 107. (JIus. Brit.)

Helicina semilir.\ta. Hel. tcstd subglohom, alhd,
solidd,supcrne spiraliter crehri-liratd, infrdlivvigatd;
spird aaiminatd, anfractibus convexiiisculis ; ultimo
anfractu ventricose, medio angulato, carinato ; labia
externa planulata, paidb expanso ; colurnelld planu-
latd, angustd, cum labium externum canflucnti.

The half-ridged Helicina. Shell subglobose, white,
solid, spirally closely-ridged above, smooth be-
neath ; spire acuminated, whorls rather convex ;
last whorl ventricose, angidar in the middle,
keeled ; outer lip flattened, a little expanded ;
columella flattened, narrow, confluent with the
outer lip.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Hah. Venezuela.

'%

IleUcf/ra-JiXin.

^>

^^

Sowcrby del etiilji

VtaceuL Brooks Da,y,iiSiu, hi

TI E L I C I N A.

Species 107. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Biii.)

Helicina .\l.\t.\. IM. testa mbglohosd, Una's ciliatis,
distanter striatA, straminea, apire rnhescent! ; spirA
subconicd, aperturd paulo disjuiicld, sn/init'itu/i).
columeUd rectiilsculd, callo veritrali sii/itni/oiui.
labia externa reflexo, apud coliimellam siiiiaifiiu
emarginalo ; opervuto utriiique in ciincani aaddin
producto.

The winged IIelioin.\. Sliell subglobose, distantly
striated with ciliated line.s, straw-coloured,
reddish at the apex ; spire rather conical, aper-
ture a little disjoined, rather rovind, colunii'lla
rather straight, ventral callus subtrigonal, outer
lip reflected, sinuousl\- emarginated close to tln'
coluineUa; opercuhun produced at each end into
a sharp wedge.

Menke. Synopsis. .' Thesaurus Couchylioruni,

Helicina, fig. G5, (A\.

Hah. Cordova, Vera Cruz.

There is a peculiarity in this and

the two following

species whicli would almost justify .

generic or sub-

generic division. The operculum

has a projecting

point at each end fitting into a notcl

in the outer lip

close to tlio columella.

Species 108. (Fig. «, h. M

IS. Brit.)

Helicina pannucea. Hel. lestd ijlohosA, pallidissim!'
fulvd, Icevigatd, epidermide ruyoso, cnherriiiic
ciliato induto, apire brevi, compressA ; a/iertiira
intus subiiureA, labia externa utrinijue emarginato,
vix rejlexo, callo ventrali mbrotundato ; operculo
utrinque in cuneam jiroducto.

The ragged Helicina. Shell globosse, very pale fawn,
smooth, covered with a rough, very closely ciliated
epidermis, apex short, rather compressed ; aper-
ture slightly golden within, outer lip emarginated
at both ends, scarcely reflected, ventral callus

slightly rounded ; operculum producer

wedge at each end.
MouELET. ? Sowerby's Thesaurus, Heli

68, 6!l.
I[ub. Vera Cruz.

More globose tl:
the epidernus. Th
ciUated

n the preceding, .smooth with
latter is thick, brown, and c'los

Species 109. (Mu.s. Brit.)

llKi.iriNA iNlciKiLKTTi. //(/. t,-:<t,i m,(>/w}, ^id>an!/iilnt>j ,
rnbescenti, lineis impressis, ciliatis creMiriiae
sjiiraliter striata ; spird depresso-conica ; callu
Ci'ii.trali splraliter turtuo ; aperturd magna ; oper-
culo vtriiu/ue producto, cuneato.

XiciioLETTi's Helicina. Shell large, rather anLiiil;ii-,
reddish, closely spirally striated with imjires.si'd
hairy lines ; spire depressed, conical ; ventral callus
spirally tortuous ; aperture large ; operculum pro-
duced, cuneate at each end.

Shuttlewouth. • .' Thesjuirus Coni'liylioruiu, Heli-
cina, fig. 07.

Hab. Vera Cruz.

The largest and most characteristic of th'
species from the same locality possessing the pec
mentioned at Species 107,

Species 1]

(Fig-

Mus. Brit.)

niAi'i'ENSis. Hel. testa glohoso-coiilc

flaridii, U'lnwinquam cershn iipirc}/!

ni !:uhtrigond, lahio exlcrno ,dbo.

coliiiiie/td snbtrigond, pared ; apice elerata.

The Chiaita Hki.ioina. Shell globose-conical, .■

yellowish, sometimes rosy towards the

Helicin.
gal

ape

HELICIXA.— Plate XIII.

aperture subtrigonal, outer lip white, reflected :
columella subtrigonal, smaU; apex elevated.

Pkicikfek. Proc. Zool. See, 1856.

Hah. Mexico.

A more solid shell than Uelicina Heloiscc, with a more
elevated spire.

Species 112. (Mus. Bnt.)

Species 111. (Fig. », b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina HeloiSjE. Hel. testa glohoso-conicd, flavidd,
iionnunquam superne dimidiatim jmrpureo fasciutd;
spird conicd, anfractibus distinctis, rotundis ; apei'- i
turd pa7-vd, labio externa refiexo, tenui, coliimeUA
ctassiitseuld, lata, suharcuatd.

Heloise's Helcina. Shell globosely-conical, yellow,
sometimes banded with brown half way above ;
spire conical, with distinct rounded whorls ; aper-
ture small, outer lip reflected, thin, columella
rather thick, broad, rather arched.

Salle. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856.

Hnh. Mexico.

Helicina Lindeni. Hel. testd tenui, subtrochiformi
obscure angulatd, fasco-cinered, superne maculii

pnnctisque nebulosis variegatd, vel alba ; apice
mucronato, anfractibus quinqiie ; aperturd subauri-
forrn, intus vel ad marginem aured, labio externn
tenuiter reflexo ; columella breviuscttld, angulatd.

Linden's Helicina. Shell thin, rather trochiform,
obscurely narrowed, ash-brown variegated above
with clouded spots and dots, or white ; apex mu-
cronate, whorls Ave ; aperture subauriform, golden
within or at the margin ; outer lip thinly reflected :
columella rather short, angular.

Pfeiffer. Zeitschrift fiir Malacologia, 1847, p. 126.

Hab. Mexico.

Species 113. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina tellucida. Hel. testd parvd, subconicd, pel-
Incidd, subvividi ; spird elevatd, anfractibus qua-
tuor, parvis ; ullivio anfractu rotunda ; aperturd
subtrigond, calumelld rectiiisculd, brevi ; labia ex-
terno tenui reflexo.

The pellucid Helicina. Shell small, subconical,
pellucid, rather green ; spire elevated, whorls four,
small, last whorl rounded ; aperture subtrigonal ;
columella rather straight, short ; outer lip thin,
reflected.

SowEEBY. Thes. Conch. (1st monograph), fig. 40.

Hab. French Guiana.

%

^ ^

^) ^

ll-l- lis

lldiana li.XIV

VinccuilBiootito/JtS

H E L 1 C I N A.

XIV.

Speoies 114. (Mus. Brit.;

HkliCIN.^ I,.\cinios.\. Hel. Icsdi stilyhilidsi'i, lUiUid!'
hirteo-fiihidd, spird coined, acuniiniitd ; nltiiiio
anfractu angusliuscido, rotundo ; aperturd niajiis-
culd. sejiuliinari; columella recta, angustd, aciculald,
labia externa seinicirctilari, tenui, rejlexo, ad
rolumellam vix einarginato.

TnK HKMMED Helicinw. SlioII subgloboso, pale milky-
fawn, spire conical, acuminated ; last whorl rather
narrow, rounded ; aperture rather large, semilunar ;
columella straight, narrow, pointed, outer lip semi-
circular, thin, reflected, very slightly notched at
the columella.

Micii.Ei.s. I'roc. Bost. Soc, l<S4o.

J/ah. Sandwich Islands.

Species 11;'). (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina dki'ukssa. I/el. teMd parvd, alhd, vtn'nque
ciim/ire.^sd : .yiin'i parvd, depressd ; ultimo anfractu
lata ; opertnrA lata, brevi, labio externa superne
sinuatim depresso, infra apud columellam subemar-
ginato, margine angnsio, rotundo.

Thk dki'uk.s.sed IIelicina. Shell small, white, com-
I)ressed on each side ; spire small, depressed ; the
last whorl broad ; aperture broad, short, outer lip
sinuousl)' depressed above, slightly notched below
against the columella, margin narrow, rounded.

(MiAV. Zoological Journal, vol. i. p. (I'J.

Hah. Jamaic^i.

Species UG. (Mus. Brit.)

KixA LiNEATA. llel. tcstd porvd, valde depressd,
medio angnkitd, pallide fidvd, spiraliter sulcatd ;
i>pird brevissimd ; callo ventrali rotundato, columella
parvd, aculeatd, labio externo supra infrdque in
dentein tnmideim irtcrassattan.

iiiE L1N-E.\TED Helicina. Shell Small, nuK-li depressed,
angiilar in the middle, pale fulvous, spirallv
grooved; spire very short ; ventral callus rounded,
columella small, aculeated, outer lip thickenetl
above and below into a thickened tooth.

C. B. Ada.ms. Proc. Bost. Soc.

//((/*. Jamaica.

Species 117. (Mu.s. Brit.)

IIelicina semistriata. Hel. testd miautd, depressd.
angulatd, superne dimiatim spiraliter depressi'i,
infra Iwvigatd ; spird brevissimd : aperturd sub-
trigond ; labio externo pro/ic cotuiiielhiiii infni
tumido.

The half-striated IIelicina. Shell minute, depressed,
angular, spirally sinuously depressed, smootli
below; spire very short; aperture subtrigonal ;
outer lip swelled near the columella below.

SowERBV. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. IIelicina, Sp. .■)4,
fig. a^.

Hab. ?

A curious little lenticidar species striated or grooved
only on the upper half. Otherwise resembling Species
110.

Species 118. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicinia vinosa. Hel. testd minutd, depressd, oblique
sulcata, pidlide vinoso-fulvd ; aperturd parvd,
superne depressd; labio externo tenui, prope eolumel-
lam infra tumido.

The vinous Helicina. Shell minute, depressed,
obliquely sulcated, pale vinous brown ; aperture
small, depressed above ; outer lip thin, tumid near
the columella below.

Shuttleworth. ?

Hab. Porto Rico.

August, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XIV.

Species 119. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicinia plicatula. Ilel. testa parvd, pallide fidvd,
mbcompressd, cohcentrice oblique iiratd ; callo colu-
mellari expanse, rotundo ; aperturd pm-vd, labio ex-
terna mpt-d infrdque depresso, siiiuatim twnidiusculo.

The plaited Helicina. Shell small, pale fulvous,
subcompressed, concentrically obliquely ridged ;
columellar callus expanded, rounded ; aperture
small, outer lip depressed and sinuously rntlicr
tumid above and below.

Pkeiffer. Proc. Zool. See, 1848.

Hull. Martinique.

Species 120. (Kig. a, 6, Mus. Brit.)

Helicinia rugosa. Ilel. testa minutd, ralde dcpn'ssd,
pallidefulvd, liris ohUquis, crebris, sculptd; aperturd
parvd, labio externa supra infrdque depresso,
xinuatim tumido, superne declivi.

TiiK RUGOSE Helicina. Shell minute, much depressed,
pale fulvous, sculptured with oblique, close ridges ;
aperture small, outer lip depressed, and sinuously
tumid above and below, the upper part sloped.

I'nciFFER. Weigman Archives.

Ilah. Trinidad.

.Species 121. (Pig. a, S, Mus. Brit.)

IIkmcinia lirata. Ihl. testa minutd, acute aiigii/atd,

,ih-at,;

'jlio

, fnlro-
•liplanulato,
ni in ed ill in
III ."iwiativi

Ilah.
.M

dcprensA, splralit

rnbesceiiti ■ r,il/,, vi-ntrali him
aperiurii tn;/<-iii<i, laJiio e.rterno
an;/iilatu, .■iupra. iii/hii/ue propi' jini

: i;iiii;ei) Helicina. Shell minute, acutely angular,
deju-essed, spirally grooved, keeled in the middle,
reddish-fulvous ; ventral callus thin, rather flat-
tened, aperture trigonal, outer lip angular above
the middle, rather sinuously tumid above and
below near the juncture.

I iKi:. Z.'itschrift fur :\Ial., 1847.
Yiirat.Tn.

re angular and depressed than Ifrl. uniileittata.

■Species 1 22. (ilus. Brit. )

iiiirii-depr
•itirarinatd

ssii, infra siihn,lnii<la, medio amjnlatd,
s/iira!ilir sidnitii . npirturd subtrigond,

labia exlerno, rotundo, angiistn, infra propi' co/ii-
j mellam unidentato.

I The single-toothed Helicina. Shell minute, coni-
i cally depressed above, a little rounded beneath,

angular, subcarinated in the middle, spirally
I grooved ; aperture subtrigonal, outer lip rounded,

narrow, witli a single tooth on tlie lower part near

the columella.
Pfeffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.
Hab. Honduras.

Species 12;5. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicinia in.equalis. Hel. testa pnrvd, trocliifonni,
flavidd, spiraliter tenniter striatd ; spird elevatd,
apice muaronato ; ultimo anfractn alto, medio
angulato, siibcarinato ; aperturd parvd, subtrigond,
labio externa albo, rejlexo, medio obtuse cunealo,
suprd declivi, depresso, acute unidentato, infra
acutissime unidentato, cum columelld conflnrnti.

The unequal Helicin.\. Shell small, trochiform,
yellowish, spirally finely striated ; spire elevated,
apex mucronate, last wliorl raised, angular in the
middle, subcarinate ; aperture small, subtrigonal,
outer lip white, reflected, obtusely ciuieate in the
middle, sloped above, depressed, with a single
sharp tooth, very sharply unidentato below, con-
fluent with the columella

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Ilab. Jamaica.

Resembling the common species //.
narrow and elevated.

Species 124. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Brit.)

Helicinia afreola. Ifel. te.^td subglobosd, anred, vel
sulirosed, obscure angulatd, spiraliter tenniter
sulcata ; spird lateraliter convexu, apice mucronato ;
aperturd contractd, labio externa supeitie depresso,
unidentato, suprd medium angulato, infra acute uvi-
dentato, cum columelld confuenti.

The golden Helicina. Shell subglobose, golden or
reddisli, obscurely angular, spirally finely grooved ;
spire laterally convex, apex mucronate ; aperture
contracted, outer lip depressed, uuidentate above,
angular above the middle, sharply unidentato
below, confluent with the columella.

Fei'.rusac. ?

J/ab. Jamaica.

4)1 ^

Ilelidna FIX

^

4

Sowerliy delellith

"fecenl BrooksDay & So]i,lmp

II E L I C I N A.

specie

(Mii>. Bi-it.)

Helicina TltlDEXS. Hd. teiti'i iniitutd, aiiijiilatd, sujinl
tenuiter spiraliter sii-iatd, cnriiid sen-iitd metlio \
cinctii ; spiid conicA, elevatd ; aperturd trigond,
coiitractd : labia externo medio afii/iilato, t^Kprti,
infrd, medioque acute uiiidenlalo ; /■ohi.imlld cum ,
kibio externo conjliieiiti.

The three-toothed Helicina. Shell niiiuilu, angular,
spirally finely striated above, belted in the middle
with a serrated keel ; spire conical, elevated ; j
aperture trigonal, contracted ; outer lip angular
in the niid.lle, sharply single-toothed ; columella
confluent with the outer lip.

angular, ai)orlure snic

thin, rellected.
Pfeifiki:. Zeitsehril't f. Mai
Hah. Haiti.

SHUTTI.KWOIiTH. .'

Hah. Jamaica.

Specie.s 120.
Helicina rxi.rEATA. /hi.
/mregceiiti rafii(/iitd : •■.

(Mu>

lesti
pindi

int.)

Mosd. /„.<ro-pur-
Hiidiiliiliin .■itriatd.
sii/ierne lateraliter convexd, midio .<i'rfato-r.nrin<itd ;
infrd rntundatd ; aperturd conlracld ; Inino cxiento
niho. ftupei-ni' depresso, supra infrdque unidentato.

The waved Helicina. Shell globose, variegated with
purplish-brown, spirally wavily striated, laterally
convex above, with a serrated keel in the midille,
rounded below; aperture contrticted ; outer lip
white, depressed above, with a single tnoth abuve
and below.

Pfeiefeu. Malak., Bl. viii.

Iliih. Jamaica.

Very closely connected with Helicina anreola, but
differing in having the spiral stria undulated.

Species 127. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicixa elegaxtula. Hel. pared. f\i:<ed, trorhi/aniii.
Icevi ; spird elevald, anfractilms ytialnor ant
quint/ite, aistinctis, infrd medium rotundatin, apire
acnminato ; anfractu ultiaiu .•^id/(/'j>re.<.<(i, ohtiitie
anijulato ; aperturd pared , .^uhtriijdud. labia cxtcrmi
tenui, refiexo.

The eleuant little Helicixa. Shell >uKill, brown,
trochiform, smooth ; spire elevated, whorls four
or five, distinct, rounded below the middle, apex
acuminated ; last wliorl rather depressed, obtusely

Species 12,S. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicixa trochlea. Hel. testd viinntd, trochifirmi.

sulidepressd, medio arajvlatA, cnrinatd, SJiprd cari-

nam spiraliter liratd, fiisco-nigrescenti fasciatd ;

apice rubra ; aj>erturd .'subtrigond, labia externo

tuniii.
The wixdlass Helicina. Shell minute, trochiform,

subdepressed, angular, carinated in the middle.

spirally ridged above the keel, banded with

blackish-brown, apex red ; aperture subtrigonal,

outer lip thill.
GocLn. Proc. Bost. Soc, 18-17, p. 202.
//'//-. Isl. Aurora.

12 'J.

rhifo

trihv.

etln

(Mus. Brit.)
icina thicakixata. //(•/, tiMd pared, t.
luted, spiraliter liris cariniformibiis, qaa
Me(liani.-< iiiajoribus cincta ; spird elevatd
liiis cariiiatis ; aperturd intiis aure'i.
parvd, albd. labia externo alho, angiittto.
THUEE-KEELEi) Helicina. Shell Small, trochifonii.
yellowish, spirally girt with keel like ridges ot
which the three middle ones are the larger; spire
elevated, whorls keeled ; aperture golden within,
columella small, white, outer lip white, narrow.
EKiiv. Thes. Condi., 2iid Monogruph. species 7.">.

Specii'S loO. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina rubicunda. //<•/. te.<td troehl

rubescenti, acmninatd,

.'<pi,aliter erebriliratd, .^pin

elevatd, iiwcronald. :

aiierliird .^ubtrii/omi, rolu-

melld rectd, angustd

acuminatd, labio e.ct erno

tenuiter refiexo.

The rubicund Helicina.

Shell trochiform, reddish-

brown, acuminated, spirally closely ribbed, spire
elevated, mucronate, aperture subtrigonal, colu-
mella straight, narrow, acuminated, outer lip
thinly reflected.

Gunplach. Pfeilfer, Malak., Bl. iv. 1857.

Hab. Cuba.

HELICINA.— Platk XV.

Species 131. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina p.upestris. Hel. testa parva, suhnurea,
trochifmini, spiral iter striatd ; spird elevat't, mu-
cronatd, apice aciileato, ultimo anfractu depresso,
subrotundo; apcrturd siibtrigond, columelld an-
gustd, obliqud : labio externa vix reflexo.

The rock Helicina. Shell small, rather golden,
trochiform, spirally striated, spire elevated,
mucronate, apex aculeated, last whorl depressed,
rather rounded ; aperture subtrigonal, columella
narrow, oblique, outer lip very little reflected.

Pfeiffer. Weigman's Archives f. Nat., 1839.

Ilab. Cuba.

This little shfll much resembles Helicina rubimnda,

liut the last whnrl is more depressed and the outer lip

is much narrower.

Species 132. (JIus. Brit.)

IIemcixa i.iTTonicoLA. [lel. testa parrd, crassd, glo-
boad, albidd, spiraliter striatd ; spird eleratd,
apice mucronato, ultimo anfractu rotimdo ; aper-
tiifd parvd, intus aitred, labio externn supernc
declivi, dejyresso, oblicpu' producto.

The shore Helicina. Shell small, thick, globose,
whitish, spirally striated ; spire elevated, apex
mucronate, last whorl rounded ; aperture small,
golden within, outer lip sloped, depressed,
obliquely produced above.

(JuNDLACn. PfeifFer Malak.. 151. vii. 1800.

Hub. Cuba.

A stout little

-ribbed shell.

Species 133. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina elegans. Hel. testa eleganter trochiformi,
fulvd, Icevi, aiajulatd ; spird elevatd, acuminatd ;
anfractu nltiiiia subdopvsxo, medio anijnlato ;
apertnrd intiis sidianrci, snlifri'/dinl, ni/iniirlld <dbd,
angustissimd, dhliijini ,- lahio cxhriio jiaidd rejiexo.

The ELEG.A.NT Helicina. Shell elegantly trochiform,
fulvous, shiooth, angular ; spire elevated,
aciuninated ; last whorl a little depressed, angular
in the middle; aperture rather golden within,
subtrigonal columella white, very narrow, oblique ;
outer lip a little reflected.

D'OfiiiiGNY (Alcide). Mollusqucs de Cuba.

Ihlirina conica, Pfeiffer.

I fab. Cuba.

Species 134. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina callosa. Hel. testa fulvd, parvd, troclit-
fonni, lavigatd, angulatd ; spird elevatd, conica,
api -e acuminato ; ultimo anfractu medio angulato,
rniprd columellam callo rotunda, producto, alho in-
crassato, aperturd trigond, labio externo tenuiter
reflexo.

The callous Helicina. Shell fulvous, small, trochiform
smooth, angular ; spire elevated, conical, apex
acuminated ; last whorl angular in the middle,
thickened by a rounded, produced, white callus
above the columella, aperture trigonal, outer lip
thinly reflected.

I'dKY. M..ni. I, p. \;V2, T. .'ly, f. 13-15.

I fab. Cuba.

Distinguished from the preceding and otlier
trochiform small species by the projecting callus on
the aperture edge of the body whorl.

(.Mus. Brit.)

n,i.

pan

tmrhifor

a„,ra, spunhirr triuntrr ^Inata : ,p,nl mnrronata,
anfrarld.ns puvio o.nrcri^ : vilin,,. aHfrartu wrdi,,
suliaiiijniato ; aperturd sidilii/n,.,!, ruhnndld tcnvi,
oblicpat; labio externo teniii. h ,■/!, r r, jU.ni.

The stony Helicina. Shell sm/ill, trnrliif.uin, golden-
yellow, spirally finely striated ; spire mucronate,
whorls rather convex ; last whorl rather angular
in the middle : aperture subtrigonal, columella
thin, obliipie ; outer lip thin, gently reflected.

Gi-NDL.\CH. PfeiftVr Malak., iv. 18.i7.

Hab. Cuba.

>pec

(Mus. Brit.)

Helicina cai'illacea. Hel. testa pared, tnichifonni,
fused, spiraliter striis setosis cinctd ; spird conicd,
moderate elevatd ; ultinio anfractu sididepresso,
medio subangiilato ; apcrturd suhtriijoud, labia
externo tenui.

The hairy Helicina. Shell small, trochiform, brown,
spirally girt with hairy stria; spire conical,
moderately elevated; last whorl rather depressed,
slightly angular in the middle ; aperture subtri-
gonal, outer lip thin.

Pfeifker. Malak., Bl. iv. 1857.

Hah. Cuba.

Heliriim I'l .117.

■% ^^

^ ^

4

#

SowcrV dtil \''.- lilii

H E L I C I N A.

Specips, 1.'57. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicixa ELONtiATA. Jill. U'slt'i pijraiiiidntd, /(fvii/atd,
pnllidc fulvii, trochijormi ; spird elevatd, acuminatd,
anfr/ictibiis ad /iitfir recti's ; ultimo anjhutu medio
amjulato; apertiird .tiilitrli/oni'i, co/ume/ld ivcti&sculd,
supernit latiitscnld, iiifni attniiidtd ; hihio extcnio
me.dio ariite uiii/ii/iito.

The eloncatkd Helicixa. Shell pyramidal, smooth,
pale fulvous, troehiform ; .spire elevated, acu-
minated, whorls straiglit at the aides ; last whorl
angular in the middle; a]ierture stibtrigonal,
coluinella rather straight, rather wide above,
tapering below ; outer lip sharply angul,-ir in the
middle.

D'Orbign'T (Alcide). Sowerby Thes. Conch., iml
.Monog. Sp. It;;, tig. I.')S.

I/al>. Cuba.

A very l.vraniida

with straight-sided whorli

Species 13«. (Mu.s. Brit.)

KlxiciXA TliocilULlNA. //,/. tci^id piiivd, trochi/oniii,
alhidd, laiviffatd ; spird clcmti'i, wumiiuild, : uUimo
an/ract>i mbrotundo ■ apeiiiird Kahtriijdiid ; rolu-
nm/lii nrcuatd, labia extfrno teimi.

Till: i.n ri.E windi.a.s.s Helicixa. Shell small, troehi-
form, whitish, smooth ; spire elevated, acuminated,
last wliorl rather rounded ; aperture subtrigonal ;
columella arched ; outer lip thin.

D'OuBiiiNY (Alcide). Moll. Isl. Cuba, p. 2411.

/fab. Cul)a.

Smallei, less
preceding.

and less angular than the

Species 139. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
IIklicina Columbiana. Ilel. textd glohoso-conicd, soli-
diiisculd,fusco-rubescenti, vel ijriseo, vel pallidisnmi
anreo in fasciis Intis cinctd ; spin! conicd, apice
aciiminato, aperturd semibmari, labia e.i-terno
expaih-io, ri'jiejxi, cobunelli'i pared, subtrii/oiid.

The CoLUiMBiAN Helicina. Shell globosely conical,
rather solid, belted witli reddish-brown, or grey,
or very pale yellow in broad bands ; spire conical,
apex acuminated, aperture semilunar, outer lj[i
expanded, reflected, columella small, subtrigonal.

PiriLiPn. PtFr. :\Ionog., Sp. 18G.

Hub. West Columbia.

Species 140. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina .Mi:Ki.i,a:i; a. //el.. tc.^tA fulrd. sid>;jl<,lwsd.
iioiniiiiK/i',1/11 6iilili<s Jhividd ; spird drrald, <in-
frurtibiis sr.r, rotundis, dislimiis ; iillimo unl'miin
subjliibosi), breviusailo ; ajhriurd /Kirrii : lnhiu
ci-tcriio /laulo rejieooo.

The fxcLEAN- Helicina. Shell fulvous, subglobose,
sonuitimes yellow beneath ; spire elevated, whorls
six, rounded, distant ; last wliorl subglobose,
rather .short ; aperture small, outer lip a little
rellccted.

Sai.li;. I'roc. Zool. Soc., 18."iu.

Ifab. Mexico.

Species 141. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Paraensis. Hel. tend puroi. /iidliili
conico-fjlobosd, teimi, Icevii/ald ; spin'i run
fractibus pnuri.'i. /laidii roin-i.ris; ii/nrliin
trapezuidrd, l<(bio e.rlrrnu trnuitrr r,fli.ri).

The Para Helhixa. shell small, pale yellow,
conical, thin, smooth ; spire conical, whor
little convex ; aperture small, trapezoid:
lip thinly reflected.

Pfeifker. Proc. Zool. Soc, |.S59.

Bab. Para, Br;izil.

'•fiavidd.
icd, <ni-
•1 parrd

globose-
Is few, :i

ll, OUtt'l

Species 142. (Fig. «, i, Mus. Brit.)
Helicina alta. llel. testd parvd, globuso-siibalfeniiu
fused, rcl Jlavido-svbviridi ; spird elevatd, si
conicd ; iilliiuo anfractu brcvihsculo, rotund

August, 1«73.

HELICINA.— Plate XVI.

apiTtvrA /:ubtrigond, lahio_ externa paulo reflexn ;
columelld ])arvd.

Tm: ELEVATED Helicina. Shell small, globosely sub-
attenuated, brown, or greenish-yellow ; spire
elevated, rather conical ; last whorl rather short,
rounded; aperture subtrigonal, outer lip a little
reflected, columella small.

SnwERBv. Thesaurus Conchylioruni, Helicina, 2ik1
Monograph, Sp. 151, figs. 251, 252.

Jlnl). Porto Rico.

Species 143. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Cordiller.e. Hel. testa (jlobnso-snhdepressil,
tcniii, laevigata, pallid!: fulvd, mediu anfractuum
fasciistribus spiralibus rubris tceniatd ; spird acuini-
natd, ultimo anfractu subdepressd ; aperturd oblique
semilunari, columelld brevissimd, callo columellari
expanso, labin externa rejiexo, plamdato.

The CoRDiLLEitA Helicika. Shell globose-sub-
depressed, thin, smooth, pale fulvous, striped with
three spiral red bands ; spire acuminated, last
whorl subdepressed : aperture obliquely semilunar,
columella very short, columcllar callus expanded,
outer lip reflected.

Salle. Pfl^r. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185G.

Hnb. Cordillera, Mexico.

Species 144. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina Oweniana. Hel. testd globoso-conicd, solidd,
lavigatd, fulvd, nonnunquam superne dimidiatim

rubrd ; s/iiri'i ronio'i, elevatd ; anfrartibuf late-
raliter rectiiisculis ; aperturd. parvd, pyriformi,
2)la,uilatd, anrnnteo-rubrd ; columelld superne nib-
complanatd.

Owen's Helicina. Shell globose-conical, solid, smooth,
fulvous, the upper half sometimes red ; spire
conical, elevated; whorls rather straight at the
sides ; aperture small, pyriform, flattened, orange-
red ; columella rather flattened above.

Peeifkei:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Hab. Mexico.

Among the globosely conical species distinguished
by its orange-red rim.

Species 145. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina flavida. Ilel. testa subglobosd, Icevigatd,
flavidd, lined rubra medio anfractuum omatd ;
spird obtusiusculd ; aperturd parvd, subtrigond ;
columelld albd, angustd, cum labium externum
confuentis ; labia externa anguste reflexo.

The yellow Helicina. Shell subglobose, smooth,
yellowish, ornamented with a red line in the
middle of the whorls ; spire rather obtuse; aper-
ture small, subtrigonal ; columella white, narrow,
confluent with the outer lip ; outer liji narrowly
reflected.

Menke. Syn. Ed. IL, p. 7;).

Ifelicinla trossuln. Moricaiid. (var. .')

Hah. (Guatemala.

^

Hdlciiiu t'lxvn.

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^y P

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4 ^.

r'jOwcrhy, AA et bill

VincectProobJl^^^^'Tihip

H E L I C I N A.

Tlate XYII.

Species MG. (Mus. Brit.)
Hki.icixa coxtixua. Hd. testa pnn-A, Jlnridd, laviijaWi,

trochiformi, elevatd, spird convexo-conird ; aper-

turd pared, labia extcrno awjusto, tcnui.
Thk continuous IIemcina. Shell small, yellowisli,

smooth, trocliiform, elevated, spire convex -conical ;

aperture small, outer lip narrow, thin.
OuxDLACii. I'oey, Meni. Cub., vol. ii. p. 5.
//■'/'. (-'ul'U.

Species 147. (Fig. a. b, Mus. Brit.)

IIklicina .spectabilis. I/el. testa glohoso-sublrochifurmi,
liBvigatd, Jhividd vel riibrd, in medio an/raetuiim
lined rubra cinctd ; anfractibus convexis, ultimo
viagno, apertvrd scmihinari, columellA miuiitd, labia
externa teniii, rejlexo.

The i'uesentahle IIelicina. Shell glohose-subtrochi-
forni, smooth, yellowish or red, belti'd witli a red
line in the middle of the whorls ; whorls convex,
the last large, aperture semilunar, columella very
small, outer lip thin, reflected.

GuNDLACii. Poey, Mem. Cub., vol. ii. p. 5.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 148. (JIus. Brit.)

Helicina remota. Ilel. testd rubescenti, subtrorhifunni,
spiraliter obscure iiratd, medio anfractiis ullimi
obscure bicarinatd ; spird breviter conicd, acnmiiintd :
aperturd laid, intus aured ; labio extcrno njkxo
expanso, ad medium paulb pjvducto, suhangnlato.

The removed Helicina. Shell reddish, rather trochi-
form, spirally obscure ribbed, obscurely bicari-
nated in the middle of the last whorl ; spire shortly
conical, acuminated ; aperture broad, golden within
outer lip reflected ; expanded, a little produced
and slightly angular in the middle.

PoEV. Mem. Cub., vol. ii. p. 27, t. 8, f. 2G.

Hab. Cuba.

This species has not the hollow columella of Ihl.

excavata.

Species M9. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit.)

IIi;licixa zi:imivi:ixa. Ilel. testd ,jloboso-^uhtrorhijormi,
la'rii/iilii, nihrd a I j/arii/,}, medio anfractunm et ad
suliiniiii alho J'asriiitii ; aperturd semilunari,
ciiliiiiiiild ad iinuiiirain iiirisd ; labio externa albo,
tiHiii, e.rjiaiisd.

The Ztrini: IIelicixa. Shell globosc-subtrocliiform,
smooth, red or yellow banded with white in the
middle of the whorls and at the suture ; aperture
Semilunar, columella incised at the juncture ;
outer lip wliili'. thin, expanded.

Dr.i.os. (_;u. ,in. .M;.-. Nat. Hist.

JJe/irina tmpiai ? Cluiiinitz.

Helicina iiinbeliana, Suwb. (first monograph).

Hab. Texas.

Species 1.50. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Brit.)

lUidi

Hkluixa tukiuxkela. Hcl. tesid viln

Jtaridd, aiiiipresso-trochijornii, m,din an/rartu.i
nlUmi obtiisi ungnlatd. .^pird d,pr,sso-amicd ;

ape,

i, suhipiadrald, labio externa

'itUll

columella con-

ineilio aiKjuIato, ad juueliii'
Jlucnti.

The little-top Hklktxa. Shell minute, pale
yellowish, compressed trocliiform, obtusely angu-
lar in the middle of the last whorl, spire de-
pressed-conical ; aperture small, subquadrate, outer
lip rounded, angular in the middle, confluent with
the columella at the juncture.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Hab. Sydney.

Species 151. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit.) See fig b, in PL XIX.

Helicina Cordillera. Hel. testd depresso-subtrochi-
fnrmi, ivbescenti, vel pallidefulvd, medio anfractuum
lineis rubris tribus spiraliter cinctd ; mifractu
ultimo lata, depi-esso ; aperturd nonnumpiam aured ;
labio externa expanso, albo, rejlexo.

October, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XVII.

The CORDILLERAS Helicina. Shell depressed-sub-
trochiform, reddisli or pale fulvous, spirally girt
with thinner red lines in the middle of the
whorls; last whorl wide, depressed; aperture
sometimes golden; outer lip expanded, white,
reflected.

Salle. Proc. Zool. Soc., 185G.

Hob. Mexico.

It may be known by the depressed form of the last
whorl. Having inadvertently filled up the plate, we
are obliged to defer the banded variety to Plate
XIX.

Species 152. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Funckii. Eel. testd subdepressd, lavigatd,
superne rubro-maculatd, infra aured, medio anfractus
ultimi angulatd ; spird depresso-conicd ; lahio
externa alio, expanso, reflexo, medio angulato.

Funck's Helix. Shell subdepressed, smooth, spotted
above with red, golden beneath, angular in the
middle of the last whorl ; spire depressed- conical ;

outer lip white, expanded, reflected, angular in the

middle.
Pfeiffeu. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.
Helicina purpureo-Jlava, Morelet.
Hab. New Granada.

The colouring on the upper part of the shell presents
a contrast to that on the lower part.

Species 153. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina polychroa. Hel. testd parvd, globosd, aured,
in medio anfractuum et supra columellam spiraliter
ruhro lineatd ; spird convexo-conica ; aperturd
parvd, suhtrigond ; columelld minutd, trigond, labia
externa angiisto, albo, reflexo.

The many-coloured Helicina. Shell small, globose,
golden, spirally red-lined in the middle of the
whorls and above the columella ; spire convex-
conical ; aperture small, subtrigonal ; columella
minute, trigonal, outer lip narrow, white reflected.

Pfeiffer. MS. Cum. Col.

Hab. Cuba.

^

Udu-wn Fl.XWi

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^

VmrentBroolisIlayi Soulm)!

II E L I C I N A.

Species 154. (Mus. Brit.)

IlKLinx.^ ciLoiu-i.osA. Ihl tcstd ghihosd, Icerignttl,
fascia laid, lineU diiabus i-ubris marginatd suprd
medium et infra fascia angiista rubrd infra, medium
tamiatd ; spird hrevi, aciiminatd, ultimo anfractu
svbdepresso, rotunda, aperturd suhrotunda, labia
externo angnsto, albo, columella pai'vd, cum labium
externum conjluenti.

The globul.\u IIelicina. Shell globose, smooth, riU-
banded above the middle by a broad band edge d
with two red lines and below the middle by a
narrow red band ; spire short, acuminated, last
whorl a little depre.ssed, rounded, aperture rather
rounded, outer lip narrow, white, columella small,
confluent with the outer lip.

Oui'.iGxy. Moll. Cub., p. 254.

Ilab. Cuba.

One variety is dark greyish and the other red on
the upper part of the whorls and on the spine.

Species 155. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina P.osTitATA. Ihl. tcstd globoso-trochiformi,
supird et infra medium rubro, vel auraniio tamiatd ;
spird brevi, coiiicd, ultimo anfractu magno, medio
angulato, obscure carinatd ; columella subplanulatd,
confluentd, labio externa lata, reflexo, ad medium in
lobam linguiformem producto.

The beaked HELicmA. Shell globose-trochiform,
banded with red or orange above and below the
middle ; spire short, conical, last whorl large,
angular^ in the middle, obscurely keeled ; colu-
mella a little flattened, confluent, outer lip broad,
produced into a tongue-shaped lobe at the middle.

MoRELET. Test. Nov., vol ii. p. 17.

IIelicina Salvini, Tristram.

Hab. Vera Paz.

Species 150. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina veiinalis. Ihl. tcstd subglobosa, avrantid,
infrd medium rubro unifasciatd ; columelld piai-vd,
(dbd : lahio externo planuhito, reflexo.

The vernal IIelicina. Sht41 subglobose, orange with
a single red band below the middle ; columella
small, white ; outer lip flattened, reflected.

MoRELET. Test. Nov. Cub., vol. i. p. 20.

Ilab. Cuba.

Species 157. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina denticulata. IIcl. testa, globoso-subtrochi-
formi, pallida, supra et infra medium aurantio
tceniatd, aperturd intusaurcd; ultimo anfractu medio
obscure cariiKil'i ; spied neiiniinald, siifiird denticu-
lata; labia erlee;iM/,la>i)il.ite>, r.Jle.eo, in Inhtin lingui-
formem ad nil (liinii prodiieiu.

The DENTICULATED Helicina. Shell globosc-subtrochi-
form, pale, banded with orange above and below
the middle ; aperture golden within ; last whorl
obscurely keeled in the middle ; spire acuminated,
suture denticulated ; outer lip flattened, reflected,
produced into a tongue-shaped lobe in the middle.

Pfeiffeu. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Ilab. Honduras.

Resembling Helicina rostrata, but having the suture
curiously pitted or dentated.

Species 158. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Crossei. IIcl. tesid compressd, subangidatd,
aurantid, Icevigatd ; spird depressd, apice acuminata ;
callo ventrali tumidiilsculo ; aperturd semilunari,
inius rubescenti ; labio externo plamdato, vivide
aurantio ; ullimo anfractu medio subangidato.

Crosse's Helicina. Shell compressed, rather angular,
orange, smooth ; spire depressed, apex acumi-

October, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XVIH.

nated; ventral callus rather swelled; aperture semi-
lunar, reddish within ; outer lip flattened, bright
orange ; last whorl a little angular in the middle.

Semper. ? Sowb. Thes. Conch., fig. 357.

Hah. Isl. Luzon, Pliilippines.

Species 159. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina egregia. Hel. tesid subcompressd, angulatd,
aurantid ; supra medium late, infrd medium anguste
tceniaid, ad angulum medianum albo-fasciaid ; aper-
turd productd, labia externa ad medium angulato,
cdbo ; columella, angustd, alba.

The uncommon Helicina. Shell subcompressed,
angular, orange ; above the middle widely, below
the middle narrowly ribanded, on the middle
angle white-banded ; aperture produced, outer lip
angular in the middle, white ; columella narrow,
white.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

nab. Isl. Salmon.

Species 160. (Fig. o, h, Mus. Brit.)
Helicina Kieneri. lid. testd globoso-angulafd, supei-ne
griseo vol rubra variegato, spird coiiicd, ultimo

anfracfu magna, medio angulato, suhcarinato,
cohimelld sahplanulatd, latd ; labia externa rejlexo.,
medio angulato.

Kiener's Helicina. Shell globosely angular, varie-
gated above with grey or red, spire conical, last
whorl large ; middle angular, slightly keeled,
columella rather flattened, broad ; outer Up re-
flected, angular in the middle.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848. Thes. Conch.,
284, 5.

Ilab. Caraccas.

Species 161. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Tamsiana. Hel. testd globosd, albd, medio
anfractuum rubra tmilineata ; spird elevatd, acumi-
natd ; columella rectiilsculd ; apcrturd jwoductd,
labia externa angusto, planulato, rejlexo.

The Tamsi.\n Helicina. Shell globose, white, with a
red line in the middle of the whorls ; spire
raised, acuminated ; columella rather straight ;
aperture produced, outer lip narrow, flattened,
reflected.

Pfeiffer. Zeitschrift fur Malakologie, 1850.

Hab. Venezuela.

m

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^^.

//r/lCl7M. PI. XIX

Viiitml Brooksl>ayl3on,lmv

II E L I C I N A.

Fiir. 151, 1). IIelicixa C'op.niLLERi je, see PI. XVII.

Species 102. (Fig. n, h, Mus. P.iit.)

HkLICIXA SaNDWICIIKXSI.S. J/iI. te.-:t,l parnt, Sllhl/ldhosd,

/uhd, t-uhro vaiierjald ; spird coiivexiusculd, anfrac-
tibus carinatis, ultimo anfnicUi infra anyuhim
convexo ; aperturd luteraliter suhpiroductd, callo
ventrali mbrotundo ; celumelld minutd.

The Sandwich Islands IIelicina. Shell small, sub-
globose, fulvous, variogutcd with red ; spire a
little convex, whorls keeled, last whorl convex
below the angle; aperture laterally a little ]>ro-
dueed, ventral callus a little rounded ; cohunella
minute.

Soui.EYET. Voyage de la Bonite. Moll. t. ol\ 1". 1-5.

llah. Sandwich Islands.

Species 1C3. (Mus. Brit.)

Hklicixa Jamaicensis. Ikl. testa /jlobosd, solidd,
pallid'c rosed, spird aurantid, rubra varictjatd,
convexd, tdtimo anfractu rolundo, ruhro unifascialo ;
aperturd intus aurantid ; labia planulato, rcjlexo,
adjuncturam tenuisnimo ; cohiitulld pari'd, trigmul,
adjuncturam tenuissimd.

The Jamaica IIelicina. Shell globose, solid, pale
rose, spire orange, variegated with red, convex,
last whorl rounded, with a single band of red ;
aperture orange within ; lip flattened, reflected,
very thin at the juncture ; columella small, tri-
gonal, very thin at the juncture.

SowEKBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, first monograph,
t. 1, f. 3, 4.

Ilab. Jamaica.

Differing from Helicina aurantia in not having the
same thickened lip and ventral callus, and in the ex-
treme tenuity of the columella and outer lip at their
junction.

• i/ipres^ :
iilanidato.

Species IGl. (Fig. n, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina suhulohosa. llel. t^'^ld i/bibus:/, pa/lidd,
iiiterdum rubra spinilil.r intifasrhtti'i, sjiin'i actimi-

collumelld'parvd, triijmid ; hihii:
r^Jlcxa.

The sunGLonosE IIelicina. Shell globose, pale, some-
times with a single spiral bend, spire acuminated,
convex, last whorl a little compressed ; columella
small, trigonal, outer hp flattened, reflected.

Poet. Mem., p. 115.

Hab. Florida.

jpec

1C5. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Brit.)

IIelicka Antoni. IM. tc^td parvd, sidn-iridi, corned,
siditrocliiformi, spird elcvatd, anfractibus rotundis,
ultimo anfractu comprcsso.

Antiin's IIelicina. Shell small, greeni.sh, horny,
somewhat trochiforni, spire elevated, whorls
rounded, last whorl broad, rounded, roiupressod.

Pfeiffer. Zeitschrift fur Malak., 1848, p. 88.

Hab. Honduras.

Species ICG. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina iiinuta. IM. tcstd minutd, compressd, medio
anfjvlatd, oblique striata ; aperturd dep-essd, apice
acuininato ; columella ohliqiii'i, lahio externa tenui,
angulato.

The minute Helicina. Shell minute, compressed,
angular in the middle, oblicjuoly striated ; aper-
ture depressed, apex acuminated ; columella
oblique, outer lip thin, angular.

Soweuby. Proo. Zool. Soc, 1842.

Hah. Isl. Opara.

Species 167. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina vestita. Hel. tcstd globasd, minuta, pallida
corned, epidcrniide tenuissimo induid, oblique regu-

October, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XIX.

lariter rugata ; eolumelld olliqua, angustd ; lahio

externo tenui.
The invested Helicina. Shell globose, minute, pale,

horny, covered with a very thin epidermis,

obliquely regularly wrinkled ; columella oblique,

narrow ; outer lip thin.
GuiLDiNG. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., first monograph,

f. 42.
Hab. N. Ar

Species 168. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina hnicarinata. Ilel. testa mimitd, e/lohoso-
subacuminatd, lineis punclisque griseis variegatd ;
spird conicd, ultimo anfractu medio angulato,
carinato, apertiird parvd ; eolumelld iemii, labia
externo vix rejlexo.

The one-keeled Helicina. Shell minute, globose,
subacuminated, variegated with lines and spots of
grey ; spire conical, last whorl angular in the
middle, keeled, aperture small ; columella thin,
outer lip scarcely reflected.

SowERBT. Thes. Conch., Helicina, 2nd monog. sp. 107.

Hab. ?

Species 1G9. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina rhdis. Hel. testa parvd, globoso-trochiformi,
subrugatd, rubra, griseo variegatd ; spird elevatd,
conicd ; ultimo anfractu medio vix angulato,
ap)erturd productd, labio externo vix incrassaio.

The rough Helicina. Shell small, globose-trochi-
form, a little roughened, red varied with grey ;
spire elevated, conical ; last whorl scarcely angular
in the middle ; aperture produced, outer lip
scarcely thickened.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool., 1855.

Hab. Sydney.

Species 170. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina inconspicua. Hel. testd jmrvd, subviridi,

corned, subtrochiformi ; spird parvd, acuminata,

idtimo anfractu lato, compresso.
The inconspicuous Helicina. Shell small, greenish,

horny, rather trochiform ; spire small, acuminated,

last whorl broad, compressed.

Pfeiffer. ? MS. in Cuming's collection.

Hab. .'

Species 171. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina cornea. Hel. testd minutd, subcompressd,
nigrescenti ; spird conicd, depressd, apice aciiminaio,
idtimo anfractu depresso, medio subangulato ;
aperturd siibangulatd ; callo ventrali rotunda,
rubro marginato.

The horny Helicina. Shell minute, rather com-
pressed, blackish ; spire conical, depressed, apex
acuminated, last whorl depressed, a little angular
in the middle ; aperture a little angular ; ventral
callus rounded, pink-edged.

Sowerby. Thes. Conch., 2nd monograph, sp. 186, 187.

Hab. ?

Species 172. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina multicolor. Hel. testd minutd, subdepressd,
Buhangulatd, fulvd, stiprd medium rosea variegatd,
spird depresso-conicd ; aperturd angulatd, labio
externa tenui ; eolumelld alba, subtrigond parvd.

The many-coloured Helicina. Shell minute, sub-
depressed, subangular, fulvous variegated with
pink, spire depressed-conical ; aperture angular,
outer lip thin ; columella white, subtrigonal, small.

Gould. Proc. Boston Soc.

Hab. Tahiti.

^9^

flcliriiui /V..\:V

v^

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Vrac.-.-.;ibro(,knayS;Sjii;my

H E L I C I N A.

Species 173. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina coccixostom.\. llel. testa globosd, jwlitd,
pallide rosed vel fulvd, spird conicd, apice rubra ;
ultimo anfractu glohoso, infra vividc ruhro-auran-
tio, cohimelld parvd, trigond, ad juncturam teinii,
labia externo crasso, rejkxo, in medio subainju/ulo,
vivide rubro-mtrantio.

The bed-mouthed Uklicina. SIr'II globose, polished,
pale rose or fulvous, spire conical, apex red ; last
whorl globose, bright red-orange below, roluniclla
small, trigonal, thin at the juncture, outer lij) thick,
reflected, a little anguhir in the middle, bright rcd-
orange.

MoKELET. Test. Noviss. 1, p. 10.

Helicina Oiceni, var. Pfeifl'er.

HaJ). Tabasco, Peru.

Species 174. (Fig o, J, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina aurantia. Ilel. testd globosd, politd, pallide
Jlavidd, ill medio nnfractutim spiraliter fuscu-
unilineatd ; spird conicd, apice fusco, callo ventrali,
columella et labio externo vivid!; rubro-aurantiis,
incrassatis, labia externo crasso, refiexo, angulatim
producto.

The orange Helicina. Shell globose, polished, pale
yellowish with a single brown spiral line in the
middle of the whorls ; spire conical, apex brown,
ventral callus, columella, and outer lip bright red-
orange, thickened, outer lip thick reflected, pro-
duced angularly.

Gr.\t. Zool. Journ., vol. i. p. 69.

Helicina pyrrhosloma, Menke.

Hub. Jamaica.

Species 175. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina siMi LIS. Hel. testd angulatd, depressd, fusco-
aurantid, spird depresso-conicd, apice castaneo,

vltiiiia anfractu media angiilafo, cohimelld parvd,
trigond, labio externa reflcxo, plunulalo, supra
tnediwn angulatim producto, vivide avrantio.

The similar Helicina. Shell angular, depressed,
orange-brown, spire depressed, conical, apex chest-
nut, last whorl angular in the middle, columella
smooth, trigonal, outer lip reflected, flattened,
angularly produced above the centre, bright
orange.

Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, first raonogr,aph of
Helicina, fig. 130. I'roc. Zool. Soo., 1842.

Hab. Haiti.

Tlio lip is broader and more angularly produced than
in Helicina polita.

Species 176. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Antillarum. //(/. testa magna, depressd,
tenuissimi' striata pallide aurantid vel castaned,
noniiiinipiam in medio anfractuum alba interrup-
tim vnifasciatd ; spird depresso-conicd, anfractibus
convexiitsculis, ultimo anfractu rotiindatim angu-
lato ; labio externo subexpanso, plamdato, supra
medium subangulafo.

The Antilles Helicina. Shell large, depressed, very
finely striated pale orange or chestnut, some-
times with an interrupted white band in the
middle of the whorls ; spire depressed, conical,
whorls rather convex, last whorl roundly angular ;
outer lip somewhat expanded, flattened, with a
slight angle above the middle.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Monog. Helic,
Sp. 208, fig. 359, 360.

Hab. Antilles.

Sjjecies 177. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina amcena. Hel. testd angulatd, subrhombed,
supra etpaulu infrd angulum medianum rosed.

October, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XX.

lineis rubris minutis reticulata, hinc infrd aurantiA,
columella recta, labia extemo am-antio, planulato,
rejlexo, medio angulato.

The pleasing Helicina. Shell angular, somewhat
rhomboidal, above and a little below the medial
angle pink reticiilated with minute red lines,
thence below orange ; columella straight, outer
lip orange, flattened, reflected, angidar in the
middle.

Pfeiffek. Proc. Zool. Sec, 1848.

Helicina purpureo-Jiava, Morelet.

Hab. Honduras Bay.

Species 178. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina sanguinea. Hel. testd clepressd, suhrliom-
ioided, auranitd ; spird depresso-conicd ; ultimo
anfractu medio obtuse angulato ; callo ventrali
expanse, rolundo, albo, columelldparvd, adjuncturam
incisd ; labia externa j)lanulato, rejlexo.

The bleeding Helicina. Shell depressed, subrhom-
boidal, red-orange ; spire depressed- conical ; last
whorl obtusely angular in the middle ; ventral
callus expanded, rounded, white, columella small,
incised at the juncture ; outer lip flattened,
reflected.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18-48.

Uab. Honduras.

Species 179. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina Guadaloupensis. Hcl. testd compressd, an-
gulaid, Jlavida-subviridi, vel castatieu ; spina
depresso-conicd, anfractibus convcxiiisculis ; ul-

timo anfractu lata, compresso, medio obtuse angu-
lato/callo ventrali parvo, albo, rotunda ; columelld
infrd sidiangvjat't, labio extcrno aiirantio, angvsto,
subrotundo.

The Guadaloute Helicina. Shell compressed, angular,
greenish-yellow, or chestnut ; spire depressed-
conical, whorls rather convex; last whorl broad,
compressed, middle obtusely angular ; ventral
callus small, white, rounded ; columella slightly
angular below, outer lip orange, narrow, rather
rounded.

SowEUBY. MoDog. Helicina. Thes. Conch., Sp. 279.

Helicina rufa, var., Pleifi:er.

Hah. Guadaloupe.

Species 180. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina neritella. Hcl. testd globosd, temri, Icrvi-
gatd, ritbro spiraliter hifasciatd, vel infrd nudium
unifasciatd, supra maculis undulatis variegatd ;
spird subdepressd ; anfractibus paucis, convcxiiis-
culis, ultimo anfractu magna, inflato, siibdepresso /
columelld suhtrigond, planulatd ; labia crterno
albo, complanato, expanso, reflexo.

The little nerite Helicina. Shell globose, thin,
smooth, with two red spiral bands, or single
banded below the middle and variegated with
undulating spots above ; spire rather depressed ;
whorls few, rather convex, last whorl large,
inflated, a little depressed ; columella subtrigonal,
flattened; outer lip white, flattened, expanded,
reflected.

Lamauck. Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Vert.

Hab. Jamaica.

%

neluwii PI XX!.

^m

II E L I C I N A,

Plate XXI.

Species 181. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicisa Noiti-oi.KEXsis. Ilel. testa palliiV- Jhu-i'i,
angustatii, suhdepressd ; infra siniialim iiiii/i/tcato ;
spird conicd, anfractibua paucis, parvis ; ultimo
anfractu coinpresso, lato, rotnndalini ani/u/ato ;
catio centrali e.rpansn, columelld trigond in dent mi
acutum dcsinenti ; labia extcrno supra dcpresso,
medio rolundiitim ej-panso, infra sinualim plicalo.

The Norfolk Isl.vxd IIklicina. Shell pale yellow,
narrow, a little depres.sed, with a sinuous pluit
below; spire conical, whorls few, small; last
whorl conii)re.sscd, broad, roundly angular ;
ventral callus e.xpanded, columella trii;onal,
ending in a sharp tooth ; outer lip depressed
above, roundly expanded in the middle, sinuously
plaited below.

Pfeifker. Proc. Zool. Soc, l.slT.

Hah. Norfolk Island.

Very curiously contracted and plaited at the lower
part.

Species 182. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina cin'Ctilla. Ifel. tcstd siibtrochiformi, t.'tuii,
angulatd, alba, anfractibus apicalibus tmniatis, vtl
supra unguium rosed, infrd aurantid, ad angidum
sicturamqite albo angustH fasciatd ; spird conicd,
elevatd ; ultimo anfractu siibcarinato ; labio cxterno
planidato, rejlexo.

The little iuclt Helicina. Shell rather trochiform,
thin, angular, white, with the apical whorls banded,
or pink above the angle and orange beneath with a
narrow white band at the angle and suture ; spire
conical, elevated ; outer lip flattened, reflected.

Shuttlewortii. ?

llab. Cordova.

The spire is more elevated than in the greater part

of these angular species.

Species 183. (Fig. a, b, IVIus. Brit.)
Helicina occidentalis. Ilel. tesid depressd, angulatd,
laid, pallide aurantid, spiraliler fasciis diwbus

angusli.<, nigriranlilms, siipn) rl iiifnt angalum. vH
fisi-iis lalia rubo-centibus ciiu-l,) : spin'i (hprcsst:-
canicd; uiliiiio anfrartu ad iiintinm rariuato:
aperturd ^Hhrhomhoided, oohimell.', hreri, rallo
rrutndl j.,,rro, l.d.lo ,,rl. mo hitn^ iilaiiulalo, rep.ro,
ad molnun au.,„l.,i;,i, j.n.duelo.

■: WE.sTKi;.s' IIixiCiXA. Shell depressed, angular,
broad, pale orange, spirally girt with two narrow
blackish bands above and below the angle, or
broad reddish bands; spire dcjivessed, conical!
last whorl kerled in the middle ; aperture rather
rhondioidal, columella short, ventral callus small,
oiUer lip broad ilaltened, angul.-irly produced in
the middle.

Loixc. Trans. Linn. Soe., p. 333.

Hab.

ISl,

arby.)

llri

(Mus. .'.(ol

s. //(■/. listd riiinjiressd, Jlavidd.
obtuse angulatd, spird depressd, obtusd ; colmnelld
parvd, trigond ; labia externa angusto, rotundo.
The rather oval Helicina. Shell compressed yel-
lowish, obtusely angular, spire depressed, obtuse ;
columella small, trigonal, outer lip narrow rounded.
SowERiiY. Monog. Helicina, Species 198, fig. 370.
llab. Jamaica.

Species IS,"). (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina Zo.e. Ilel. tiMa parvd, angulatd, rubescenti ;

spird elevatd, conird, ultimo anfractu subangulato ;

callo rentrali tmnidn, expanso, avrantio, rotundo ;

columelld brcvi, cum labium externum confuenti,

aperturd rhomboided, intus fused, labia externa albo,

tenui, rotundo.
The ZilE Helicina. Shell small, angular, reddish ;

spire elevated, conical, last whorl rather angular ;

ventral callus tumid, expanded, orange, rounded ;

columella short, confluent with the outer lip,

aperture rhomboidal, brown within, outer lip

white, thin, rounded.
Pfeiffeb. IMS.
Hab. Cuba.

October, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XXI.

Species 186. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Heucina variabilis. Hel. testa angulatd, ventricosd,
spiraliter striata ; purpurea oel ruhrd late fasciata,
vel albd ; spird elevatd, conica ; ultimo anfractu
medio carinato, ad carinam et infra alho fasciato ;
aperturd rhomboided ; labio externa expanse, supra
medium angidato.

The variable Helicina. Shell angular, ventricose,
spirally striated ; broadly banded with purple or
red, or white ; spire raised, conical ; last whorl
keeled in the middle, banded white on the keel
and below ; aperture rhomboidal ; outer lip ex-
panded, angular above the centre.

Wagner. Spix, Brazil, p, 25.

Helicina zonata, Sowerby.

Helicina fasciata, Spix.

Helicina flava, Spix.

Uab. Brazil.

Species 187. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicin.\ Nicobarica. Hel. testa parvd, compressd,
anijulatd, pallida fused, fasciis ruhris, angustis,
sjnralibus, supra angulum anfractuum duabvs,
infra un&, taniatd ; ultimo anfractu depresso,
carinato ; aperturd parvd ; columelld minutd, albd ;
labio externa angusto, alho, medio i-otundatim
angulato.

The nicobar Helicina. Shell small, compressed, an-
gular, pale brown, ribanded with narrow red
spiral bands, two above one beneath the angle
of the whorls ; last whorl depressed, keeled ;
aperture small ; columella minute, white ; outer lip
narrow, white, roundly angular in the middle.

Philippi. Zeitschrift fur Blalakologie.

Helicina Merguiensis, PfeifFer.

Helicina Andamanica, Benson.

Hah. Andaman Islands. Siam.

HeUcimi FLXXU.

^^.

%

VmcsniEroi'XsPavi.Siiilmp.

II E L I C I N A.

(Species 188. Mus. Brit.)

IIelicin'.\ itKTicuLATA. Ilel. ttslA t/vcJiiformi, nnijiilat'i,
loevigatd, JlaaidA, suprd medium iutusque fused,
liiieis ndiescentihus retkulatd ; spird elevald, apiro
mucronato ; vltimo anjhiiiu meilio aiu/u/ido,
anticc convexo; cnllo ventrati tcwiis^iiiio ; ro/nint/ld
minutd ; labio externo an;jiiluto, alio, teiiiii.

The reticulated Helicina. Shell troclutbrin, :iiigul,-ir,
smooth, yellowish, brown ubcve the middle juid
within, reticulated with reddish lines; spire
elevated, apex niucronate ; last whorl angular in
the middle, anteriorly convex; ventral callus very
thin; columella minute; outer lip angular, white,
thin.

Pfeiffek. I'roe. Zool. Soe., 18G-'.

Hab. Cape Flattering.

Species 189. (Mus. Brit.)

Helic

Species 100. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Sali.I';ana. Hd. icsta dcprcsso-sulyhbosd,
fwiKiso-fnscd, kiivi, subaixjulatd; spird eonkd,
brevi : ultimo aiijhirlu VKijiiscnlo, rotnndatim, suh-
aixjiilato ; aillu ventnili uUm ; columcUd parvd,
iiiiitaitd ; Icbio ixtcruu teniiiiisculo, ruiando, mtdio
oUusisfiiiii: amjuhilo.

Salli';'s IIki.icixa. Shell depressed-subgloLose, .smoky
brown, smooth, ratlier angular; spire conical,
.1,,.,.< . l-,.t M.l,,,vl i-itli,.i- l.-iviTi. roiindlv subanfru-

outur lip rallier thin,
angular in the middle.
Pfeiffei:. I'roe. Zool. Soc, If

;pire conical,
luudly subangu-
:i small, pointed ;
very obtusely

Hub. Haiti.

I'OLiTA. Ilel. testa deprcsso-anjiihitd, brris-
siiii't, (inrantid vel pallide Jlavidd, luniiif'iiijtiinu
auraniio vel fusco fasciatd ; spird deprc.<ito-coiiird,
anfractibus apicalihus paiins ; ultimo atifrartu mrdio
aiifjulato ; rallo veiitrali rotundo, columel/d pan;},
alba : labia e.rlenio rejicxo, coiiijdanato, inn/in
angulato.

The polished Helicina. Shell depressed, angular,
very smooth, orange or pale yellowish, sometimes
banded with orange or brown ; spire depressed-
conieal, apical whorls small ; last whorl angular
in the middle ; ventral callus rounded, columella
small, white ; outer Hp reflected, flattened, angular
in the middle.

SowERBV. Proc. Zool Soc, 1842.

Helicina citrina (var.), Pfeiffer.

Hab. Philippines.

This beautiful species is subject to great variations
in shape and colour.

October

Species 191. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina striata. Hcl. tcstd globoso-subdepi-essd,
fumoso-fuscd, Iviiijitudiiudiler leviler sti iatd ; spird
cotwexd ; ultimo anfractu, iiifato ; callo ventrali
subivmpresso ; coluinelld pan-u ; labio txtenio albo,
rcfle.ro.

The striated Helicina. Shell globose subdepressed,
smoky-brown, longitudinally lightly striated ;
spire convex; last whorl intlat.d; ventral callus
rather flat; columella small; outer bp white,
reflected.

Lamarck. Hist. Nat. Anim. s. vert.

Hab. Porto Eico.

Species 192. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Id.e. Hel. testd parvd, depresso-conicd,
rubcsceiiti, hevi ; spird depressd ; idtimo anfractu
awjulato, medio luteo fasciafo ; aperturd parvd,
depressd, ijitus fused; callo ventrali tenuissimo,
cohnaclld minutd; labio exlenio albo, reflexo, cuni-
jdanato.

1873.

IIELICINA.— Plate XXII.

Ida's IIelicina. Shell small, depressed-conical,
reddish, smooth ; spire depressed ; last whorl
angular, with a yellow band in the middle ; aper-
ture small, depressed, brown within ; ventral
callus very thin, columella minute, outer lip
white, reflected, flattened.

PFEiFFEn. rroc. Zool. Soc, 185C, p. 339.

Hah. ?

Species 19,3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina ]\Iacgillivrayi. Ilel. testa parvd, compresso-
conicd, ruhro late bifasciatd ; spird depressd,
laterihus convexis ; ultimo anfractu 7vtundatim
subangulato ; ajyertm'd parvd, lahio externo tciiiii,
reflexo.

Macgillivrat's Helicina. Shell small, compressed-
conical, with two broad red bands ; spire de-
pressed, with convex sides; last wliorl roundly
subangular ; aperture small, outer lip thin, re-
flected.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Hah. Isl. of Pines, South Seas.

A pretty little half compressed, half globose red-
banded species.

Species 194. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina virens. Ilel. testa glohoso-angulatd , pallid'e
viridi vel luted, fusco fasciatd ; spird elevatd, conicd,
anfractibus convexiusculis,carinatis ; ultimo anfractu
magno, medio carinato ; callo ventrali tumido ;
ailumelld cum labium externum conjluenti ; labia
externo plamdato, reflexo, medio latiiisculo, angu-
lato.

Tde greenish Helicina. Shell globosely angular,
pale green, or yellow with brown bands ; spire
elevated, conical, keeled in the middle ; last
whorl large, keeled in the middle ; ventral callus
tumid ; columella confluent with the outer lip ;
outer lip flattened, reflected, rather broader in
the middle, angular.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. ?

One of the most strongly keeled shells of the group.

H<lniua PLXXIII.

^; ^^

VuiGcni. Biookr. Day&Soui

H E L I C I N A.

Species 19.'). (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)
IlEI-ICIN.v i;i[oui. ini. tctr, ,jl.,l>o,:,, cannat,;, alhidA,
nonnunquwn castaneo pivpc carinain imifaaciatd ;
spird eleratd, anfractibiis guprd cnrinam ronvcns ;
ultimo anfractii medio validl' cariuato, infra carinain
convexo ; callo ventrali mayno, rotundo ; mlinaelld

par

ctiiisculd, labio externa mipernr dcpr

infra ad junctiiran emarginato, medio expanno,
angidato.

Bhok's Helicina. Shell globose, carinated, whitish,
sometimes with a single chestnut baml near the
keel ; spire elevated, whorls convex above the
keel, last whorl strongly keeled, convex below the
keel; ventral calhis large, rounded; columella
small, rather straight, outer lip dnpres';e<l above,
emarginated, expanded in the middle, angular.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. See., 1848.

Helicina Marcliionessa, Hombrigh.

Hub. ?

Species lOG. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina UBEIiTA. ILL festd pard, de/ire.<.<d. rarina/d,
Julvd, nonnunquam rubro maridntd, intii.< aiircd ,
Sjnrd convexd, apice mncronato ; anfraiiibus ^>iprd
carinam subrotundis, infra carinani rmwixis ;
ultimo anfractii paulu infrd ntediunt carinato ;
aperturd parvd.

The fruitful Helicina. Shell small, depressed,
keeled, fulvous, sometimes spotted with red,
golden within ; spire convex, apex mucronate,
■whorls rather rounded above the keel, convex
below the keel ; last whorl keeled a little below the
middle ; aperture small.

Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc, 1817.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 197. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina albo-labris. ITel. fesld depressd, angulatd,
pallide rubra; spird bretn, conicd ; vllinio anfractii
pavld supra medium acute caiinatn, infrd, carinani
convexo, callo ventrali et columelld albidis, crassis ;
labio exlerno supra medium angulato, hand reflexo.

The white-lipped Helicina. Shell depressed, angular,
pale red ; spire short, conical ; last whorl sharply
keeled a little above the middle, convex below the
keel, ventral callus and columella whitish, thick ;
outer lip angular above the middle, not reflected.

HoMBRicn. Voy. Pol. Sud. Moll.

Hab. Tahiti,

Species IDS. (Mus. Brit.)

Hei.icin-a roi;i:ur,ATA. //(■/. testa parrd, ralde depressd,
ani/iiJal'i, finni IS,, -fused, supra medium ruijoso-
■undiiliil,), spiid (Lpressd; uUimo anfrartu acute
rariiiiil.i, ,iiriHii nmlnlafil ; callo ventrali cras-
siiisi-n/ii ; odiinii'lld cum lahio externa confluenti.

The coi;i:riiATi;i> Hkliclva. Shell small, much de-
pressed, angular, suioky-linnvn, rnugiily undulated
above the niiildle, sjiire depressed; last whorl
sharply keeled, keel undulated; ventral calhis
rathi'r thick ; columella conllueut with the outer Ii]j.

Pease. ?

Hab. T.ahiti.

A curious little species characterized by undulations

on the upper part ol' the whorls and the keel.

,,nl,„,

. /,„//;,/,' n,J,

anfra

iil,„.< s„i„a ,

fas,-i,

lis ; iiltiii,,, ,

iiifni

caiiiam c,„ir,

Species 109. (Mus. Brit.)

Helii'INA MAUciF.RLE. JfeJ. tcsld depressd, crassd, an-

1 : sjiird depresso-conicd ;

'■ii ,;ifi,iaia castaneo mii-

■tii tni'ilii'i acute carinato,

■nil,, r, iilralilato aurantio,

incrassato, ,;,liii,ii'll,i siihli-ii/inid ; labio externa

crasso, auraiilid. iiu ili,,j,i;iiliicl(i, infrd ad juncturam

Mauger's Helicina. Shell depressed, thick, angular,
pale reddish; .spire depressed-conical; whorls
single-banded with chestnut above and below the
keel, last whorl sharply keeled in the middle,
convex below the keel ; ventral callus broad,
orange, thickened, columella subtrigonal ; outer lip
thick, orange, produced in the middle, slightly
emarginated below at tlie juncture.

Gr.\y. Zoological Journal, vol. i. p. 251.

Hab. Marciuesas.

The thickened orange callus and outer lip of this

species distinguish it well from others.

Species 200. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina aniu'lata. Hel. testa subdepressd, angulald,
'pallidi' stramined, maculis parvis suprd. et infrd
carinam varieyatd; spird conicd; ultimo anfractii
medio carinateo, infra medium convexo ; columelld
albd, infrd in .yn'ram curvam producto ; labio
externa suprd medium arcuato.

The angular Helicina. Shell subdepressed, angular,
pale straw, variegated with small spots above and
below the keel ; spire conical ; last whorl cai-inated

October, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XXIII.

in the middle, convex below the middle ; columella
white, produced below into a curved spire ; outer
lip arched above the middle.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum,'2nd Mon., Sp. 245.

Ilab. Brazil.

Species -201. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina GONOCHEiLA. Hel. ttstd (Icprcssd, atujulatu,
fumoso-fusca, suprd et infra lineis, medio pimctis
rubris notatd ; spird depresso-conicd ; ultimo aii-
fractu medio angidato, alhofasciato ; columella alba,
in spiram recurvaiii producto ; labia extciiw com-
plaiiato, reflexo.

The ANGLE-LIPPED Helicina Shell depressed, angular,
smoky-brown, marked above and below with red
lihi < Awl ill ilic middle with spots; spire depressed-
.■.iiii,:,l ; l:i-i wliorl angular in the middle, white-
li.iii.l. il ; ciiliimella white produced into a recurved
spiru; outer lip flattened, reflected.

rFEiFni:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1818.

Ilab. Venezuela.

Species 202. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Sowerbyana. Hel. testa magnd, albidd, gh-
boso-angulatd, aupenie spiraliter striata ; sjiira
conicd, npice aaiminato ; ultimo anfractu ventri-
coso, infra angulum eoiivexo, medio carinato ; callo
ventrali craxso, coluvwlld parrd, ad junctirrain
angulato ; labio externo reflexo, expanso, medio
obtuse angulato.

Sowerby's Helicina. Shell large, white, globosely
angular, spirally striated above ; spire conical,
ape.x acuminated; last whorl ventricose, convex
below the angle keeled in the middle ; ventral
callus thick, columella small, angular at the
junction ; outer lip reflected, expanded, obtusely-
angular in the middle.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Ilab. Guatemala.

Species 20o. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina villosa. TLl. testa parvd, coiiipressd,
fimoso-fiisrd, medio anfractimm cariiiatd, ad
carinam setis crispatis ornatd ; ultimo anfractu
depresso ; aperturd subtrigond, labio externo
crasso, planulato.

The hairy Helicina. Shell small, compressed, smoky-
brown, keeled in the middle of the whorls, orna-
mented with curled hairs at the keel ; last whorl

depressed ; aperture subtrigonal ; outer lip thick,

flattened.

Anthony. ?

Helicina pilosa, Sower by.
Hub. Isl. Opara.

Species 204. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina albo-cincta. Hel. testd parvd, depressd,
lentindari, fumoso-fuscd ; ultimo anfractu obiusS
carinatd ; carind alba ; aperturd parvd, columelld
teniii, albd, obliipid ; lahio c.rterno alho, angusto,
rotuuilo

The white-belted Helicina. Shell small, depressed,
lenticular smoky-brown ; last whorl obtusely
keeled; keel white: aperture .small; columella
tliin. white, oblicjuc ; outer lip wMte, narrow
r..uiid..,l.

II.iMI;i;iGlL Voy. Pol. Slid. Moll.

//.//-. Am Wand.

Species 205. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina iumilis. Hel. testa win iitd, fused, lenticu-
lari : spird depressd; ultimo anfractu medio
aiii/ulatd ; callo ventrali rdba, rrasso, columelld
arcuatd ; labio externo haud nflixo.

The humble Helicina. Shell minute, brown, len-
ticular; spire depressed; last whorl angular in the
middle ; ventral callus white thick, columella
arched, outer lip not reflected.

Hombrigh. Voy. Pull. .Sud. lloW., t. ii. f. .lO-S?.

Hab. Hogolu.

Species 20C. (Mus. Taylor.)

Helicina Tayloriana. Hrl. test,) tmui, ungulatd,
aurantid, medio anfractnum aruti carinatd ; carind
utringue lined rubrd marginatd ; spird conicd ;
columelld albd, tenui, infrd, in spinam prodiictd ;
labio externo reflexo, albo, planulato.

Taylor's Helicina. Shell thin, angular, orange,
sharply keeled in the middle of the whorls ; keel ^
bordered with a red line on each side; spire
conical ; columella white, thin, produced into a
spire below ; outer lip reflected, white, flattened.

SOWERBY.

Hab. ?

This is one of the prettiest and most characteristic of
all the species.

lidirnui J '.XX I V

II E L 1 C I N A.

Species 207. (Mus. ' C'.

Helicixa oxytuopis. lid. testii trorhiformi, urate
carinati'), patlidd ; spird conici'i, elcniia, iiiifriicti-
bus ad suturain cannatis ; aperliin'i nculi- oininhitd ;
labia Mtenio albo, angusto, pl<ni>il<itu . i;,/iimi /Id
rotundd, cum labia externa roDjhtcnli, aillo nntruli
planulata.

The SHAitr-KORMEi) IIelicina. Shell trochiforni,
sharply keeled, pale, spire conical, elevated,
whorls keeled at the suture ; ajicrture sharply
angular ; outer lip white, narrow, flattened ;
columella rounded, confluent with tlie outer lip,
ventral callus flattened.

Gr.\y. Beechy's Apjiendi.x.

HeUcina oxystoma, Sowerby, Thcs., first nuinoa-rajih.

Hab. Bahia.

Species 20S. (Fig. a, h. Mus. Brit.)

IIki.hjixa I.A7.AIU-S. lid. testd dipiefso-ronlrd. fiix
siibtus nibplanulatd ; spird canre.ro-ivnic'i , (
Jractibus anrpjstis ; tiUima anfrartv obtii.ir <iiii/ii/<i
depresso ; labia externa superne dej)rc.<.<ii, ina
subpraducto ; columelld brevi.

The beogar Helicina. Shell dcpresscd-conical. Urdw
rather flattened beneath ; spire conve.x-conic;
whorls narrow ; last whorl obtusely angul;
depressed ; outer lip depressed above, produced
the middle ; columella short.

Soweuby. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842.

Hab. Philippines.

Species 209. (Fig a, b, Mus. Sowerby, &c.)

Helicina cauocolla. Jlel. testd depressd, acntissiiite
angulatA, aureolata vel jmrpured ; spird de]iressd ;
ultimo anfractu magna, medio aaile r.arinalv ;
aperturd angulata ; callo columellari alba, rotnndd ;
calumelld cum labia externa canfluenti ; labia externa
lata, plamdato, supeme depresso, medio in angiilnm
acutiim acclicem producta.

The cauocolla Helicina. Shell depressed, very
sharply angular, golden or purple ; spire de-
pressed ; last wliorl large, middle sharply keeled ;
aperture angular ; columellar callus white,
rounded ; columella confluent with the outer lip ;
outer lip broad, flattened, depressed above, j)ro-
duced in the middle into a shai-p upturned angle.

MoiuCAND. Mem. Gen. VIII. p. 444.

Hab. Brazil.

The peculiarly broad, flattened oiUer lip with its

upturned angle, distinguishes this from the other

species of the dejiressed f'urm.

Species 210. (Mus. Taylor.)

Helici.na -Jdsei-iiin.e. Hcl. testd trochiformi, teuni,
lutescenti, siiperne macvlis sitbviridis, flainmeatis
variegatd ; spird conicd, acuminatd, anfractibus
scabridsc.ulis, ad suluram carinatis ; ultimo an-
fructii iii/rd medium subplaniilatis, ad medium
cariiid acHli; sen-atd riiieta : aperturd trigond ;
labia externa subreJle.Ta, planulata, superni declivi.

Josephine's Helicina. Shell trochiforni, thin, yellowish,
variegated above with greenish flame-shaped
spots ; spire conical, acuminated, wliorls r.irlier
scabrous keeled at the suture ; last whorl a little
flattened below the middle, girt in the middle with
an acutely serrated keel ; aperture trigonal ; outer
lip slightly reflected, flattened, sloped above.

C. B. Adams. Contributions to Conchology, ji. 27.

Hab. Jamaica.

.Species 211. (.Mus. Brit.)

Helicina constellata. Hel. testd trochiformi, ■■scabrd,
stramined, supeme rubra niaculatd ; spird conicd,
elevatd, an/ractibiis carina serratd, acutissinid,
maryinati.'s. p, iiiittinm cm-ind e.vsertd ; aperturd
parvd, angiiliiti't ; lutiio e.rterno alba, rej/exo. ad
medium acutissiiuc augulatu.

The constellated Helicina. Shell trochiforni,
scabrous, straw-coloured, red-spotted above :
spire conical, elevated, whorls bordered with a

December, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XXIV.

serrated very sharp keel, the last but oiil- with the
keel exserted ; aperture small, angular ; outer lip
white, reflected, very acutely angular in the
nud.lle.

JIoi;elet. Kevue Zoologi(jue, 1847.

Ihlkina payoda, Velasquez.

Hah. ?

This species has the upper whorls more exserted

than those of Helicina stellnta, so that the serrated

keel is raised above the suture.

Species 212. (Mus. Brit.)

HtLiciKA FuscuLA. IM. tcstd parvd, pyraiiiidata, Iwvi,
fused, castaneo superne hifasciatd ; spird elevatd,
anfractibus convexiilsculin, apice sub coBndeo ;
ultimo anfraclii infra mcdimn obiusissimi: carinato
bdsi subplanulato ; aperturd parvd, triijond, labio
c.rlerno albo, angusto, infrd medium angulato.

Tju- little BiiOWN Helicina. Shell small, pyramidal,
smooth, brown, with two chestnut bands above ;
si)ire elevated, whorls a little convex, apex
bluish ; last whorl very obtusely keeled below
the centre, rather flattened at the base ; apertnre
small, trigonal, outer lip white, narrow, angular
below the centre.

GuNDLACii ? Thesaurus Conchylirtrum. Helicina,

sp. 90, f. 465,6.

Uah. (_'uba.

.'Species 213. (]\Ius. Brit.)

Helicina erythrjea. Hel. testa parvd acuminatd,
pyraruidatd, Icevigatd, fused ; spird perdevaid, an-
fraeiihus nuperne intnise fiiwatis ; ultimo anfractv
ii/fn'i medium olitHsis&i/Ke nngultito ;~ aperturd
purva.

The iioLDEN- Helicina. Shell small, acuminated,
jiyramidal, smooth, brown ; spire much elevated,
whorls strongly browned above ; last whorl very
:ir bilow tlie middle ; aperture

Species 214. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina alboviridis. Hcl. testa parvd, pyramidald,
albd, viridi umfasciatd ; spird elevatd, acuminatd,
apice viridi ; ultimo anfractu rotundaio ; labio
externo alhido, leviter refexo, angulato.

The white-green Helicina. Shell smaU, piyramidal,
white, single-banded with green ; spire elevated,
acuminated, apex green ; last whorl rounded ;
outer lip white, slightly reflected, angular.

Wright ? Sowerby's Thesaurus. Helicina, sp. 96.

Hnh. Cul>a.

Species 215. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina rarva. lid. testa minutd, depresso-sub-
globosd leiiui, aureolato; spird parvd; ultimo an-
fractu ventricoso ; columelld parvd, albd ; labio ex-
terno rejlexo, planulato.

TuE small Helicina. Shell very small, depressed-sub-
globose, thin, golden ; spire small ; last whorl
ventrioose ; columella small, white ; outer lip
reflected, flattened.

SoWERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842.

Hah. Philippines.

Species 21(1. (Mus. Brit.)

olituselv

Wi:ii;iiT ? Sowerby's Thesaurus. Helicina,

'.15, tig. 461, 4G2, 463.
Ihlicina rubella, Wright (var.).
JJah. Cuba.

Helicina .stellata. Hel. testd depresso-trochiformi,
I superne yranosd stramined ; xpird tuiritd, an-

fractibus serrato-carinatis, superne rubra maculatis ;

ultimo anfractu infra carinam jAanulato, rubra
I unifasciato ; aperturd angulatd, depressd, parvd ;

I labio externn superne depressn medio angulatim

\ prochixto.

I The stellated Helicina. Shell depressed-trochiform,

granose above, straw-coloured ; spire turreted ;

whorls with a serrated keel, spotted with red
I above ; last whorl flattened beneath the keel,

] having a single red band ; aperture angular ;

depressed, small ; outer lip depressed above, pro-
i duced into an angle at the centre.
; Velasijcez ? Jay's Catalogue. Thes. Conch.,

sp. 26«, f. 451.
Hab. ?

Hcliana t'iXXV.

4

«>

Sowe-vBy.deleLlilh

II E L I C I N A.

Species 217. (Mus. Bnt.)

Helicina n.EMASTOMA. Hcl. testa sitl/globosd, kevi, alba,
(1(1 lahium externum, callum ventralem apiccmqiie
riridi' ruhra ; spird hrcvi, aiifvactihiis parcis,
ultimo anfractu subventricoso, medio obscure aiigu-
lalo ; labio externo superne subdepresso, medio
subangulato,clevato ; coUmcUd rectiascidd, adjiinc-
tiiram cinieafu.

TiiE i:ed-mouthed Helicina. Shell suhglobose,
smooth, white, bright red at the outer lip, ventral
cuUus and apex ; spire short, whorls small, last
whorl rather ventricose, obscurely angular in the
middle ; outer lip rather depressed, a little angular
in the middle, elevated ; columella rather straight,
cornered at the juncture.

MoEic.\Nn. Mem. III. p. 3fi.

Hal. Bahia.

Species 218. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina jdcunda. Hel. testd pp-amidatd, luted vel

pallide fulvd, columella et labio externo rubris, faucc

aureolatd.
The jocund Helicina. Shell pyramidal, yellow or pale

fulvous, columella and outer lip red, throat golden.
GuNDLACn. Pffr. lil. Malak., KSC;5, p. 19T.
Ilab. Cuba.

Species 219. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina citiuna. IIcl. testd depresso-subglobosd,
tenui, Icevi, lutei ; ultimo anfractu ventricoso,
coliimelld brevi, sublrigond ; labio esterno albv,
rcjlexo, planulato.

The cithon Helicina. Shell depressed, subglobose,
thin, smooth, yellow ; last whorl ventricose, colu-
mella short, subtrigonal ; outer lip white, reflected,
flattened.

Gratelodp. Not //. polita, Sowerby. Not 77, citrina,
Sowerby.

IJab. Cuba.

Species 220. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina agglutinans. Hel. te.ttd deprcssd, angulatd,
aurantid, frequenter ad angulum anfmctuum InUum
in nodis regularibus agglutinanti ; aperturd angu-
latd ; labio externo rejle.vo, albo, planulato ; ultimo
anfractu depresso, carinato ; columelld obliqud.

The aggldtinating Helicina. Shell depressed,
angulated, orange, frequently glueing to it little
nodes of mud at the angle of the whorls ; aperture
angular ; outer lip reflected, white, flattened ; last
whorl depressed, keeled ; columella oblique.

SowEEcy. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842.

Hab. Philippines.

The singular habit of glueing particles of dust and
mud in regular form at the keel is not apparently
exercised by aU the specimens of this species, although
the power is possessed.

Species 221. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina clobulosa. Hel. testd globuld tenui, Iwvigatd,
aureola; spird brevi, anfractibus pa/'vis ; ultimo
anfractu ad suturam mediumque albo fasciato, supra
et infra medium rubra fasciato ; aperturd semi-
lunatd ; labio externo albo, planulato, reflexo.

The globose Helicina. Shell globose, thin, smooth,
golden ; spire short, whorls small ; last whorl,
suture and middle banded with white above, and
below the middle banded with red ; aperture
semilunar ; outer lip white, flattened, reflected.

Okbignt. Moll. Cuba, p. 245.

77a6. Cuba.

A small species, very prettily ribanded with red and

white.

Species 222. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina lutea. 77d7. testd erased, luted, globusu-an-
gulatd ; spird conicd, lateraliter fvnvexiiisculd ,

December, 187S.

IIELICINA.— Plate XXV

nltimo anfractu medio subangiilato, columella
angustd, ad juncturam anrjulatd.

The yellowish Helicina. Shell thick, yellow, globose-
angular ; spire conical, laterally rather convex ;
last whorl rather angular in the middle, columella
narrow, angular at the juncture.

Lesson. Voy. Coq., p. 350.

Hah. Port Dorez, New Guinea.

Species 223. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Hjalmarsoni. lid. testd globoso-depressd,
fused, tenui ; spird depressd ; columella alba
trigond, labio externo albo, tenui, sitperne subde-
presso.

Hjalmouson's Helicina. Shell globose - depressed,
brown, thin ; spire depressed ; columella white,
trigonal ; outer lip white, thin, a little bent down
above.

Pfeiefer. Malak. PI. III., 18£6.

Hal). Porto Rico.

Species 224. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina bulla. Hcl. testd albd, crassiusculd, globoso-
subangulatd ; spird conicd, labia externo reflexo,
medio subangulato ; columella obliqud, albd.

The bubble Helicina. Shell white, rather thick, glo-
bose-subangular : spire conical, outer lip reflected,

a little angular in the middle ; columella oblique,

Pfeiffeu. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1852.
Hah. 7

.Species 225. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina granum. Hel. testd minutd, albd, globoso-
svbdepressd, spiraliter striata ; spird convexd, anj'rac-
tibus subrotundis ; ultimo anfractu post columellam
excavato ; apcrturd parvd, subquadratd.

The gkain Helicina. Shell minute, white, globose-
subdepressed, spirally striated ; spire convex,
whorls rather rounded ; last whorl excavated
behind tlie columella ; aperture small, rather
square.

Pfeiffer. B1. Malak., 1S5C.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 226. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina castanea. Hel. testd parvd, subdepressd,
obtuse angulatd, castened ; spird depresso-conicd ;
ultimo anfractu medio rotundatim angulato : aper-
turd infra acute angulatd.

The chestnut Helicina. Shell small, rather depressed,
obtusely angular, chestnut ; spire depressed-coni-
cal ; last whorl roundly angular in the middle ;
aperture with a sharp angle below.

GuiLDiNG ? Sowerby's Thesaurus. Helicina, sp.

218, figs. 470, 471.

Hab. St. Thomas, Porto Rico.

#

2,-i3 &W

HcUnmi /7.ATT7.

"Vinccnl Brooks Day A San, 1

II E L I C I N A.

Species 2:^7. (Mas, IJiii. )

Hklicixa MaCULata. //<7. teste) /lami, pulild, incilio
awiulatd ; fulva, fuf^ciis riihris, una siijini, <dleid
infrd angulum, maculisque anjulatis riibrin ad
angulum oniatd : spird conicd : lUthno anjraciu
infrd medium subangulatiin conve.ro ; Inbio cxteriio
superne depres.<o ; cobivu lid pared .

The spotted IIelicina. Shell

rular

in the middle, fulvous, ornamented with one red
band above and another below the anirlc and angu-
lar red spots at the angle ; spire conical ; last whorl
below the middle rather angularly convex ; outer
lip depressed above ; columella small.

SowERBV. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. IIelicina, sp, 27 1,
f. 172.

Ilnb. South America.

Species -iiH. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina Bp.aziliana. //»/. testa alhida, dejircmi,
spiraliter striatd ; fpird deprcsso-coiiicd, anfrae-
tibus parvis, apice acuminato ; ultimo anfractu
medio subangulato, infrd convexo, subumbilivatv ;
columella rectiusculd, superne rotundd^ ad juncturam
obtuse anijidatd ; labio externa t-ujird et infra cum-
prsso, angusto, reflexo.

The Brazilian Helicina. Shell white, depressed,
spirally striated ; spire depressed-conical, whorls
small, apex acuminated ; last whorl a little angular
in the middle, convex below, .somewhat umbili-
cated ; columella rather straight, rounded ;ibove,
obtusely angular at the juncture; outer lip com-
pressed above and below, narrow, reflected.

(ir.AY. Zoological Journal, vol. i. p. G4.

Ifab. Brazil.

Species 220. (Mus. Brit.)
IIelicina Zebriolata. 11 el. testd jiarvd, dijiressd,
aagulatd, filed, strigis riibris hmgittidinalibiis
variegatd ; ultimo anfractu acute carinato.

The ZEBKA-.sTRirED IIelicina. Shell small, depressed,
angular, fulvous, varied with longitudinal red
stripes ; last whorl sharply keeled.

Peeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Helicina fulgora, Gould.

Hab. Isl. Samar.

Species 230. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina Mouhoti. Ilel. tcstd angulatd, depressa,
aurcold, medio anfractuum carina laqiieatd, lata,
declivi cinctd ; spird conicd, depressd ; ultimo an-
fractu infrd angulmn subplanulato ; coliimelld albd,
obliqud cum labio externo confluenti ; labio externo
cvmpresso, in processum livguiformem producto.
Mouhot's Helicina. Shell angular, depressed, golden,
girt in the middle of the whorls with a fluted
broad keel sloped downwards ; spire conical,
depressed ; last whorl rather flattened below the
angle; columella white, oblique, confluent with
the outer lip ; outer lip compressed, produced into
a tongue-shaped projection.
Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G2.
Hab. Lao Mountains, Cambogia.

The beautifully fluted keel in this species distin-
guishes it from all others, excejiting //. corrugata.
which obscurely shows the same tendencies.

Species 2ol. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Moquiniana. Uel. testa angulatd, tenuiiisculd,
sujierne spiraliter ftriis elevatis, subdistavlibus
sculptd, vinoso-fuscd, marnli.i r(dn.^ri ntiliu.-.- siipni
angulum i II sericbus duobu^ mm .jat'i , ,-///;.; numd ,
ultimo anfractu acute eumtiitiK np,iiun'i uhliipK
sub'iuadratd, lidun e.eliruo allm. refle.ro, mc'lio
angulato ; cidtu vcutndi rotundu.

i\I(JiiLiN's Helicina. Shell angular, rather thin, spirally
sculptured on the upper part with raised rather

L)eceuiber, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XXVI.

distant striie, vinous-brown, varied above the
angle with two rows of red spots ; spire conical ;
last whorl sharply keeled, aperture obliquely rather
square, outer lip white, reflected, angular in the
middle ; ventral callus rounded.

Reclu/.. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1851.

Hah. New Caledonia,

Spec

(Mus. Brit.)

(■iNA iiXYi;HiNC.\. H el. testa subcompressd, angu-
liihi. (iiireold, temii ; spird depresso-conicd, anfrac-
tihns ad suturam carinatis ; ultimo anfractu medio
iiciitissime carinato, infrd medium convexo ; aper-
tiird rhomboided; labio externa superne convexo,
tunc dqn-esso, ad angidum medianuin in procession
suhlintjuiforviem extenso.

SHAiU'-SNOUTED Helicina. Shell subcompressed,
angular, golden-tinted, thin ; spire depressed-
conical, whorls keeled at the suture ; last whorl
veiy sharply keeled in the middle, convex below
the middle ; aperture rhomboidal ; outer lip
convex, then depressed, extended into a tongue-
shaped process at the middle angle.
;sE. Journ. Conch., vol. xi. p. '2ijir.

Species 233. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina flajimea. Hel. testa minutd. depresso-sub-
globosd, fused, lineis nibris undulatis et angidatis
vuriegatd, obtusissime angulatd, supra angidum
depresso-conicd, infrd angulum convexd ; aperturd
semilimari ; labio externo albo, plamdatv, angusto ;
columella trigond, parvd.

'Vuv. I i.AMK Helicina. Shell minute, depressed-sub-
L:loliuse, brown, varied with undulating and an-
ijular red lines, very obtusely angular, depressed,
conical above the angle, convex below ; aperture
semilunar, outer lip white, flattened, narrow ;
iMJumella trigonal, small.

',li;ov. Voy. Astro., vol. ii. p. 103, t. 12, f. 1-2.

//.//.. Island ofToncra.

Species 234. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Shanghaensis. Ilel. testd parvd, depressd,
angulatd, liitescenti ad angulum et suprd rubra
macidatd ; spird depressissimo-conicd ; callo ventrali
tenui ; apterturd parvd, angulatd ; labio externo hand
reflexo.

The Sh-anghae Helicina. Shell small, depressed, an-
gular, yellowish, spotted with red at the angle
and above ; spire depressed-conical ; ventral callus
thin ; aperture small, angular ; outer lip not re-
flected.

Pfeiffeu. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Hab. Royalty Island.

A pretty little species shaped something like a

RoteUa.

Species 235. (Mu.s. Brit. )
I Helicina Reeviana. Hel. testd globosd, spiraliter
I striata, purpurascenti, fascid rubrd interruptd ad

I ynedium anfractuam cinctd ; spird subelevatd,

j columelld parvd, rectd, labio externo semilunari,

I albo.

I Reeve's Helicina. Shell globose, spirally striated,
purplish, girt with an interrupted red band in
the middle of the whorls ; spire slightly raised,
with round whorls ; columella small, straight,
I outer lip semilunar, white.
j Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.
Hab. Cuba.

j Species 236. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina articulata. Hel. testa depresso-angulatd
hevigatd, ad medium anfractuumet ad suturam arti-
culatum maculatd ; ultimo anfractu medio acute
carinato ; callo ventrali magna rotundo ; aperturd
subrliomboided, labio externo angulato.

The articulated Helicina. Shell depressed-angular,
smooth, articulately spotted at the middle of the
whorls and at the suture ; last whorl sharply
keeled in the middle ; ventral callus large,
rounded ; aperture rather rhomboidal, outer lip
angular.

Pfeiffek. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hah. New Hebrides.

ikUaiui li.XKVII.

■Vmcent BroolssIia.yiSoD,lmp

II E L I C I N A.

Plati XXVII.

Species 237. (.Mus. Brit.)

Hklicina liicoi.oii. Ilel. tesid (inyiilii/,1, siibiltpr.sg('i,
aureo/atd, suprd et infra ampilum ruhro tcbiiiatd ;
spird di'pvesso-conicd ; nltimo anfractu ad aiitjidum
acute carinato ; callo ventrali mmjno, tumido, ro-
tundo ; co/umelld infra oblique acuminata, ad
jnnctiiram siibaculeatd, labia e.rterno lati' vejlexo,
medio in angulum acutitm prodnrto ; cnllo lahiiaque
ftisco-sanguineis.

Thic two-coloured Helicixa. Sliell angular, suhde-
pressed, golden-coloured, ribanded above and
below the anj^le with red ; spire depressed-
conical ; last whorl sharply keeled at the angle ;
vent ral callus large, tumid, rounded ; columella
oblii|uely acuminated, a little aculeated at the
juncture, outer lip broadly reflected, ])roduced
into a sharp angle in the middle; callus and lips
brownish blood-colouv.

PKEiri-i;i:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Ilab. Tahiti.

Species IMS. (M„s. I'.rit.)

Helicisa KosALi.i:. Ilel. teHa depressd, luii/u/atd,
aureolatd, ad angulum supra et iiifrit ruhro tcfuiatd :
gpird subdepressd, anfractibus conrcxitiscnUn, rari-
jxitis : ultimo anfractu medio acutr i-'irinnln. infra
cariiiam ronvexo; aperturdfubrhoiidiuiilid, i-c/iii/wll'/
.•:iip,'riii .■^'tibcallosd, infrd cum lahin <\rt,rii<i nnijbh iili:
labia e.rterno albo, angii.^ti nfrm, iih/lia aruti'
ainpdato.

Rosalie's IIelicina. Shell depressed, angular, golden,
with a riliband of red at the angle al)ove and
lielow ; spire rather depressed, whorls a little
convr.x, keeled; last whorl sharply keeled in the
middle ; convex below the keel ; aperture suli-
rhoniboidal, columella rather callus above ; con-
fluent with the outer lip ; outer lip white, nar-
rowly reflected, sliar])ly angular in the middle.

I'KLiKFEK. Proc. Zool Soc, 1 SGM.

I{(d). Philippines.

Species -239. (Jhis. Brit.)

Helicina ahl'ana. llcl. testa angulatd, sframiiied,
infrd angulum rubro unifasciatd, suprd amjulum
spiraliter striata et decussatd ; spird conirA: ultima
anfractu infrd aureolato, Icevigato, convexo ad aii;/n-
lum acute carinato; columella cum labia externa
confluenti ; labia externo superne depresso, ad
medium acuminato.

The Aru Island IIelicina. Shell angular, .straw-
coloured, with a single band of red below the
angle ; spirally striated and decussated above the
angle ; spire conical ; last whorl golden, smooth,
convex below, sharply keeled at the angle ; colu-
mella confluent with the outer lip; outer lip
depressed above, acuminated at the middle.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1859.

Hab. Aru Lsland.

Species 240. (M\is. Brit.)

IIelicina eiitnco.stoma. ILL testa depressd, angulatd,
carinatd, stramived, ad aiii/ulum suprd infrdque
angusti rubrofasriala : spird ronica, uifractibus
plusminusve depri s.-is : ul'iuia aiij'ractn jiaulii injn)
medium acutissimi earinalc, infra carinaiii canir.riiis
eulo ; callo ventrali albo, parvo, rotunda, ndiiijielld
brevissimd ; ajierturd inttis i'ubescenli, la/no cjlerna
albo, rejiexo, in ungidinn acutissimum prmhirto.

The snout-jioutiied Helicina. Shell depressed, angu-
lar, keeled, straw-coloured, with a narrow red
band at the angle above and below ; spire conical,
whorls more or less depressed ; last whorl sharply
keeled a little below the middle, rather convex
below the keel ; ventral callus white, small,
rounded, columella very short ; aperture reddish
within, outer li[) white, n-llected, produced into a
very sharp angle.

Shuttleworth ? Sowerliy's Tliesaurus. Helicina,

sp. 252, figs. 42'.). 43<i.

Hab. Venezuela.

IIKLICINA.— Plate XXV]

bpi'Cies

>41.

Mus. Brit.

MiiLK'iNA CARlNii'EUA. Ihl. tcstd dcfressd, anrjulatd,
Ktramined, spiraUter striata ; spird depresso-
cnnii-d, anfraclihus vie convexis ; tiltimo anfractii
medin acute car/iiato, infra medium convexo; aper-
turd subquadmtd ; labio externa reflexu, plamdato
infra et supra angulum convexiilsculo.

The keel-beauinc. Helicina. Shell depressed, angular,
straw-coloured, spirally striated ; spire depressed,
<-oiiifal, whorls scarcely convex ; last whorl sharply
keeled in the middle, convex below the keel ; aper-
ture sub(piadrate; outer lip reflected, flattened,
rather convex above and below the angle.

Okbiony. Voy. Amer. Merid.

Helicina Fischeriana, Montrouzier.

Ifnl). Woodlark Island.

Species 242.

Helicina Ghie.sbp.igiiti. Hel. testa depressd, augidatd,
stramined ; spiraUter striata ; spird depressd, sub-
conicA; anfrartihus c<mvexiusculis, ultimo anfractu,
medio acute carinatu, infra medium convexo ; callo
rentrali parvo, rotunda : columelld brevissimd : labio
externo refiexo, planulaio, medio suhrostrato.

Ghiesbright's Helicina. Shell depressed, angular,
straw-coloured ; spirally striated ; spire depressed,
rather conical ; whorls rather convex, last whorl
-sharply keeled in the middle, convex below the
middle; ventral callus small, round; columella
very short ; outer lip reflected, flattened.

Pfeiki-ei;. Proc. Zool. Sec, IS.jC.

Hail, (-'hiape.

-suture with red ; spire conical, whorls rather con-
ve.t ; last whorl keeled, convex below the keel ;
columella small, trigonal ; outer lip white, re-
flected, flattened.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.^6.

Ifab. Brazil.

This is another of tlie large angular species which
show a convexity in the whorls, and particularly at the
lower part of the last whorl.

Species 244. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina tecta. Hel. testa mbdepressd, angulatd,
spiraUter striatd, acutissime carinatd, ad suturam
et ad carinam, atque suprd et infra, maculis regu-
laribus vioidi: rabris seriatim ornatd ; spird conicd,
anfractibus vix convexis, tdtimo anfractu infra, con-
vexo ; labia externo al'oo, refiexo.

The hoofed Helicina. Shell rather depressed, angular,
spirally striated, very acutely keeled, ornamented
at the suture and at the keel above and below
with regular rows of bright red spots ; spire coni-
cal, whorls scarcely convex ; outer lip white,
reflected.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Couchyliorum. Helicina, sp. 250,
fig. 434.

Hab. .'

Sp(

245. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Species 213. (.Mub. Brit.)

Helicina Beskii. Hd. testa depressd, angulatd, spi-
raUter striatd, stramined, ad suturam rvbro nni-
fmciatd ; spird conicd, anfractibus conrcxiiisculis ;
ultimo anfractu carinato, infra angulum convexo ;
cdlumelld parvd, trigond ; labio externo albo, refiexo,
plamdato.

Beski's Helicina, Shell depressed, angular, s|)irally
striated, straw-coloured, single banded at the

Helicina solidula. Hel. testd crassd, angulato-sub-
globosd, luted vel purpurea, callo et aperturd luteis ;
spird convexo-conicd, ultimo anfractu obtuse cari-
nato ; callo ventrali rotunda, labio externo incdio
angulatim produclo, infra angulum sinuato.

The solid little Helicina. Shell thick, angularly-
subglobose, yellow or purple, callus and aperture
yellow ; spire convex-conical ; last whorl obtusely
keeled ; ventral callus rounded, outer lip angu-
larly produced in the middle, sinuated below the
angle.

Grat. Zoology of Beechy's Voyage, p. 146.

Hab. Marquesas.

I I rl I ana FIXKMU.

^

"^

^ ^-

3SI -Jo'i

^:>

^^

S owei'ty , del et bth.

A/ince.n' BrooksDay S-. Son imp

H E L I C I N A.

Tlate XXVIII.

Species 246. (Fig. a b. <•, Mu.^. Brit.)

HeLICIN.\ ACUTISSIMA. lid. Usti'i 6uU\micd, pliis-
minilsve depressd, aaUissimc angidatd, tenui, aure-
olatd, rubro nunnunquam tceniati ; spini conicd,
ultimo anfractu medio vcl infrd medium acute cari-
natd ; apcrturd supcrni depressd, labia exlenio
rejlcxo, plamdato, ad anijulum medianiim in rostrum
producto.

The vkuy suaup IIelicika. Shell rather conical, more
or less depressed, very acutely angular, thin,
golden, sometimes banded with red; spire conical,
last whorl sharply keeled at the middle or below;
aperture depressed above, outer lip rellrcled,
flattened, produced into a beak at the middle
angle.

SowEuiiY. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1.S12.

Hab. Philippines.

Species 247. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina pallida. Jhl. testd fidvd, C7-assiiismld,
depresso-awjulatd ; spird depresso-conicd ; ultima
anfractu medio carinato, infrd carinam coiire.ro ;
callo ventrali parvo, rotundato ; aperturd subipiad-
ratd, labia exteriio supemU subarcuato, media anrju-
lato, infra rotundato.

The pale IIelicina. Shell fulvous, rather thick, de-
pressed angular ; spire depressed-conical ; last
whorl keeled in the middle, convex below the
keel ; ventral callus small, rounded ; aperture
rather square, outer lip a little arched above,
middle angular, rounded below.

Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc, 1847.

Hab. Fiji Islands.

Species 24<S. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicina lens. Eel. testd minutd, ntfefcens, depressd.
lenticulari angulatd ; sjiird convexd ; ultimo an-

fractu medio obtuse carinato infrd, medium convexo ;
callii ventrali rotundato, columella trigond ; aperturd
transverse oblongd, superne depressd.

The lens IIelicina. Shell minute, reddish, depressed
lenticidar, angular ; spire convex ; last whorl
obtusely keeled in the middle, convex below the
middle ; ventral callus rounded ; columella tri-
gonal ; aperture transversely ol)lung, depressed
above.

Lea. Obs. 1, p. IGl.

Ilab. Fiji Islands.

Species 249. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicixa unifasciata. Hel. testd depressd, sublenti-
culari, spiraliter striatd, aq-ualiter suprd infrd.que
angalum convexd, suprd anijulum rubro -nnif as -
ciiitd ; aperturd transverse oblonijd, labio externo
infrd angidum valide arcuato, suprd depresso-
arcuato.

The single-banded IIelicina. Shell depressed, len-
ticular, spirally striated, eijually convex above
and below t'.:e angle, with a single red band above
the angle ; aperture transversely oblong, outer lip
strongly arched below the angle, depressed-arched
above.

Gray. Zoological Journal, vol. i. p. CO.

Ilab. ?

Species 250. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina aRENIcola. Hel. testa globosd, soUdd, albd,
spiraliter striatd, medio anfractvum carinatd ; spird
convexo-depressd ; apei'turd subrotundd, .:olnmelld
aculeatd, labio externa rotunda, reflexo ; callo eeu-
triili tenui.

The .sand-dwelling IIelicina. Shell globo.se, solid,
white, spirally striated, keeled in the middle of
the whorls ; spire convex depressed ; aperture

December, 1873.

HELICINA.— Plate XXVIII.

rather rounded, columella pointed, outer lip
round, reflected ; ventral callus thin.

Morton. Test. Nov. Cub.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 251. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina DiAPHANA. Hel. testd parvd, tenui, luted, suh-
angulatd ; spird brevi, conicd ; ultimo anfractu
ohtus^ angulato ; columella trigond, lahio externa
medio producto.

The transparent Helicina. Shell small, thin, yellow,
rather angular; spire short, conical; last whorl
obtusely angular ; columella trigonal, outer lip
produced in the middle.

I'feiffer. Proc. Zooh Soc, 1850.

Hah. Honduras.

Species 252. (Mus. Brit.

Helicina fumigata. Hel. testd parvd, tenui, angulatd,
Icerigatd, fumoso-fuscd, fusco-nibescenti ad suturam,
mediumque fasciatd ; columella parvd, aculeatd,
labio externa alba, aiigusio.

The fuiiigated Helicina. Shell small, thin, angular,
smooth, smoky-broven, vsrith a reddish-brown
riband at the suture and one in the middle ;
columella small, aculeated, outer lip white,
narrow.

SowEUiiY. Thesaurus Conchylionmi. Helicina, sp. 1 9.5,
f. 345.

Helicina Gorddiana, Forbes.

Hah. Cape Flattery.

Species 253. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Orbignyi. Hd. testd dcpressd, sublenticulari,
uhscurc fused ; spird brevi: nltinin nnfractu ohtusis-

sim'c angulato, callo ventrali tenui, columella parvd,
albd, aculeatd ; aperturd transverse ohlongd.

Orbignt's Helicina. Shell depressed, nearly lenticular,
dull brown ; spire short ; last whorl very obtusely
angular; ventral callus thin, columella small,
white, aculeated ; aperture transversely oblong.

Pfeiffer. Monograph No. 65.

Hab. Cuba.

Species 254. (Mr

5rit.)

Helicina Fokbesiana. Hel. testa parvd, svban

fitlvo-lutescenti ; spird conicd, anfractibus parvis ;
ultimo anfractu medio obtuse angulato ; columella
minutd, alhd, aculeatd ; labia externo angusiissime
rejlexo, ad puncturam inferiorem tenuissivio.

Fokbes's Helicina. Shell small, rather angular,
fulvous yellow ; spire conical, whorls small ; last
whorl obtusely angular in the middle ; columella
minute, white, aculeated ; outer lip very narrowly
reflected, very thin at the lower juncture.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Bost. Soc, l!S50.

Helicina verecundia ?

H(di. Cape York.

Species 255. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina minuta. Hel. testd parvd, depressd, sublenti-
culari, fumoso-fuscd : spird parvd, anfractibus mi-
nutis; ultimo anfractu medio obtuse a..gulato ; colu-
mella albd, brevi, acuminatd ; labio externa tenui.

The minute Helicina. Shell small, depressed, rather
lenticular, smoky-brown ; spire small, whorls
minute ; last whorl obtusely angular in the
middle ; columella white, short, acuminated : outer
lip thin.

Soweubv. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1^42.

Hab. Opara Island.

HelifiiH! Fl.AX/A

^■^^ ^

^irf:,1B.volls:

M E L I C I N A.

Plate XXIX.

Spiicies 25G. (Mus. Brit.)

IIklitina IIaxletana. IIcl. testa glohoso-conM, pallid!-
fulvd ; spird conici'i, arifnictiliKS convexiuscitlis ;
ultimo anfractu siibrofundo ; columelld triijond ;
lahio externa rotunda.

Hanlev's Helicuna. Shell globose- conical, pale
fulvous; spire conical, whorls rather convex ; last
whorl rather round, columella trigonal ; outer lip
round.

Pfeiffei;. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Ilab. Xew Orleans.

>pecies

(Fig. a, h. .Mus. Brit. )

Helici.n-a Loi-is.ADENSis. lIcl. tcstd jKirvd, pdlUdissimh
fulvd, tenui ; gpird subcoiiicd, depressi'i, ultimo an-
fractu rotunda ; columelld parvd, trigond ; lahio
externa reflexo, alio.

The LorisADA Helicina. Shell small, very pale
fulvous, thin; spire a little conical depressed, last
whorl round ; columella small, trigonal; outer lip
retlected, white.

Forbes. Voyage of liattlesnako.

Uab. Round Island.

Species 258. (Fig. «, '', Mus. Brit.)

Hei.icina Dysoxi. Hel. testa depresso-ylobosd, tenui,
spiraliter rubra trifasciatd ; spird conied, depressd ;
ultimo anfractu infrd, calloso, cnllo rotunda, alba ;
columella parvd, rectiusculd ; aperturd neiiiihiiKiri ;
lahio externa anguslo.

Dyson's Helicina. Shell depressed-globose, thin,
spirally three-banded with red ; spire conical,
depressed ; last whorl callous below, callus
rounded white ; columella small, rather straight ;
aperture semilunar; outer lip narrow.

Pfeikfer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1848.

Helicina foveata, PfeiiFer (Dysoui, var.).

Hah. Honduras, Isl. St. Thomas.

Species 259. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina modesta. Hel. testa globoso-suhangukdd,
luted, tenui ; spird conied, subelatd, anfractibus
convexiilsculis ; ultimo anfractu rotundo-angulato,
columelld trigand, acuminatd ; labia externa teniii.

The modest Helicina. Shell globose-subangular,
yellow, thin ; spire conical, rather elated, whorls
rather convex ; last whorl rounded, angular ;
columella trigonal, acuminated ; outer lip thin.

Pfeiffei:. Proc. Zool. See, 1853.

Hah. New Hebrides.

Species 2C(). (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina occulta. Hel. tesld parvd, globosd, pallide
fulvd, salidiusculd, media alba fasciatd, suprd et
infrd ruhrofasciatd ; spird vix conied, anfractibus
parvis, canvexiusculis ; ultimo anfractu rotunda ;
columelld parvd, trigoru, albd ; labia externa albn,
planulata, reflexo.

The hidden Helicina. Shell small, globose, pale
fulvous, rather solid, banded with white in the
middle, and with red above and below the
middle ; spire scarcely conical, whorls small,
rather convex ; last whorl rounded ; columella
small, trigonal, white ; outer lip white, ilattened,
reflected.

SoWEKBY. Thes. Conch. Helicina, f. 137.

Hab. New York.

Species 2G1. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina oi:biculata. Hel. testd globosd, crassd, fulvd ;
spir'd parvd ; ultimo anfractu ventricoso ; callo
ventrali rotunda, columelld cum labia externa can-
fluent i, ad jiincturam obscurissime' angidato ; lahio
externa crassiiiscula ; apierlurd semicirculari.

The orbicular Helicina. Shell globo.se, thick, fulvous ;
spire small ; last whorl ventricose ; ventral callus

December, 1873.

IIELICINA.— Plate XXIX.

rounded, columella confluent with tlie outer lip,
very obscurely angular at the juncture; outer lip
rather thick ; aperture half round.

SowERBT. Philosophical Journal, vol. i. p. "283.

Hah. North America.

Species 262. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Japonica. Hel. testa glohosd, albidd, crassd,
spird conicd, acumiTiatd, anfractibus convexiusculis ;
ultimo anfractu rotunda ; columelld trigoiid, ad
juncturam incisd • lahio externa crasso, rotunda.

The Japan Helicina. Shell globose, whitish, thick,
spire conical, acuminated, whorla rather convex ;
last whorl rounded ; columella trigonal, incised at
the juncture ; outer lip thick, rounded.

A. Adajis. Ann. and Mag. of Natural History, liSGl.

Hub. Japan.

This rounded species rather resembles Helicina
orbiciilata, from which it differs in having the columella
separated from the outer lip by an incised notch.

Species 263. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina s-jbconica. Hel. tesid alba, tenui, subangu-
latd ; spii-d conicd elevatd ; ultimo anfractu medio
obtuse angulato ; columelld cum labia externa con-
jluenti; labia externa superne decliui, medio rotunda,
basi reriiilsculo.

The rather conical Helicina. Shell white, thin,
rather angular ; spire conical, elevated ; last whorl
obtusely angular in the middle ; collumella con-

fluent with the outer lip ; outer lip sloped above,
rounded in centre, rather straight at the base.

SowERRT. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Helicina, sp. 140,
fig. 22C.

Hah. ?

Species 264. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Yorkensis. Hel. testa laivi, suhangulatd,
tenui, luted, supra ct infra medium fulvescenti :
spird conicd ; aperturd semilunari ; columella bre-
vissimd, aculeatd.

The Cape-york Helicina. Shell smooth, rather
angular, thin, yellowish, fulvescent above and
below the middle ; spire conical ; aperture semi-
lunar ; columella very short, aculeated.

Pfeiffeh. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1862.

Hab. Cape York.

Species 265. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina subl^vigata. Hel. testa globoso-angulata ;
fidi'd unicalori vel late supra ct infrd, fasciatd ;
ultimo anfractu subangulato ; callo ventrali tumido,
rotunda ; columelld minutd, aculeatd; labia externa
rubra.

The smoothish Helicina. Shell globose, .subangular,
uniform fulvous or broadly banded above and
below ; last whorl rather angular, ventral callus
tumid, rounded ; columella minute, outer lip
red.

Pfeiffeu. Proc. Zoo!. Soc, 1852.

Hab. New Hebrides.

Ucliriiiu ]'/ \\X

Soweiby Jd et lilh VmoenL Brooks Day Sc Sou, Imp

11 E L I C I N A.

I'LATE XXX.

Fig. 2fil, a.
Tlie shell inadvertently figured in Plate XXIX. for
Ilelicina Forhesiana i.s a variety of IT. fasciata.

Species 200. (Mus. Brit.)

IIklicix.\ Di;aytoxknsis. 11 ct. teatd Qloboso-sulmiignlnla,
luted, solkUuscnhi ; spin'i brevi, anfraclibus pamis ;
vltimo anfractii medio rotvndatim awjulato ; cobi-
melld brevi, alba, cum labia exleriw eonjlue.nti ;
labia externa rotunda, rejlexa, albo.

Drayton's Uei.icisa. Shell globose-subangular, yellow,
rather solid ; spire short, whorls small ; last whorl
roundly angular in the middle ; columella sliort,
white, confluent with the outer lip ; outer lip
rounded, reflected, white.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1856.

Hab. Australia.

Species 207. (Mus. Brit.)

Heucina Borneensis. lid. testa pared, subangulat'i,
subdepresfd, pallid'c fulvd, spiraliter fu^ro-rubes-
centi bifai:ciatd ; spird conica-deprcssd ; ultimo
anfractu angusto, medio obtuse angulato ; columella
parvd, obliqud, alba ; labia externa vix rejlexa.

TuE BoRNEAN Helicina. Sh(!ll Small, rather angular,
rather depressed, pale fulvous, with two reddish-
brown spiral bands; spire depressed-conical ; last
whorl narrow, obtusely angular in the middle ;
columella small, oblique, white; outer lip scarcely
reflected.

Martens. Monaschriften, Berlin Akademic, 18C-1.

Hab. Borneo.

A very neat little speci
reddish-brown bands.

icul siiire and two

Species 208. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina pictella. Hel. testd niinutd, depressa-sub-
globosd, pallide fulvd, svperne flammeis rubris pictd ;
calumelld mimitd : labia externo tcnui.

The little rAiNTEn Helicina. She
pressed-subglobose, pale fulvous,
with red flames; columella minute

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

minute, de-
al nted above
juter lip thin.

Species 209. (Mus. Brit.)

IIkmcixa oleosa. Hel. testd minutd, glabosd, fulvd ;
lineit obliquis rubris, medio interniptis vel angulatis
pictd; spird convc.va-conicd ; anfraclibus convexis ;
■ultimo anfractu angusto, medio obtuse angulato;
coluuH'Ud, pared, albd. trigond ; aperturd intits
fused, labia e.iierno tcnui.

The fat Helicina. Shell minute, globose, fulvous ;
painted with oblique red lines interrupted or
angular iu the middle ; spire convex-conical ;
whorls convex ; last whorl narrow, obtusely angu-
lar in the middle ; columella small, white, trigonal ;
aperture brown within, outer lip thin.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1852.

Hab. Haiti.

Species 270. (Mus. Brit.)

IIelicin'a Piiasianella. Hel. testa parvd, depresso-
subglobosd, tenui ; fulco-rubescenti, maculis prope
suturam e fasciisque duabus medio et infra rubris
pictd; spird conicd,apice rubra ; columelld trigond.
albd ; labia externo tenui.

The Pheasant Helicina. Shell small, depressed-
subglobose, thin ; reddish-brown, painted with red
spots near the suture, and two bands in the middle
and below ; spire conical, apex red ; columella
trigonal, white ; outer lip thin.

Pfeiffer. Malak., vol. iii. 1850.

Hab. Porto Rico.

Species 271. (Mus. Brit.)
Helicina mdltifasciata. Hel. testd depressd, angulatd,
pallida, tcnuitcr spiraliter multifasciatd ; spird

December, 1873.

HELICmA.— Plate XXX.

depresso-conica ; ultimo anfractu rotundatim angii-

lato ; callo ventrali alho, rotunda ; columelld tenu-

issinu'i ; labia externo teniii, angulato.
The MANr-BANDED Helicina. Shell depressed, angular,

pale, with numerous thin spiral bands ; spire

depressed-conical ; last whorl roundly angular ;

ventral callus white, rounded; columella very thin ;

outer lip thin, angular.
Baird. Cruise of the Cumcoa.
Hah. South Sea Islands, J. Brenchley, Y&q.

Species 272. (Mus. Brit.)

IIei.icina Julii. Hel. testd depresso-subglobosd, pallidi
awantid, viridi strigatd, lineis fulvis ornate dis-
positis superne et pauld infra medium pictd ; ultimo
anfractu rotundatim angulato ; columelld parvd,
albd ; labia externo tenui.

Julius's Helicina. Shell depressed-subglobose ; pale
orange, striped with green, painted with fulvous
lines arranged ornamentally above and a little
below the middle; last whorl roundly angular;
columella small, white; outer lip thin.

Baiud. Cruise of the Cura(;oa.

Hab. Cockatoo Island, Solomon's Islands, J. Brenchley,
Es.|.

Species 273. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Brenchleyi. Hel. testd angtdatn, depressd,
pallide fulvd, maculis subquadratis ad suturam
et super carinam, lineisque fexuosis ornate dispositis

pictd ; spird depressd ; ultimo anfractu medio
carinato, infra carinam fere immaculato ; columelld
parvd, redd, rubro-immaculatd ; aperturd angulatd.

Brenchlet's Helicina. Shell angular, depressed, pale
fulvous, painted with red spots at the suture and
upon the angle and fle.xuous lines ornamentally
arranged ; spire depressed ; last whorl keeled in
the middle, almost spotless under the keel ; colu-
mella small, straight, with a single red spot ;
aperture angular.

Baip.d. Cruise of the Curagoa.

Hab. South Sea Islands.

Species 274. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina strigata. Hel. testd parvd, roseo-albd,
nitenti, translucidd, subangulatd ; spird depresso-
conicd, anfractibus supra angulos lineis rubris,
eleganter arcuatis pictis ; ultimo anfractu depresso-
angulato, infra anguluni fusco unifasciato, callo
ventral i tiimido, subcaruleo.

The sTRincD Helicina. Shell small, rosy-white, shining,
translucid, rather angular; spire depressed-conical,
whorls painted with red lines ornamentally ar-
ranged ; la.st whorl depressed-angular, with a
single soft band below the angle ; ventral callus
tumid, bluish.

Baird. Cruise of the Curaqoa.

Hab. Upolu, Navigators Island.

This and the three preceding interesting little species
are described and figured in Mr. Brenchley's " Cruise
of H.M.S. Curaqoa."

a

UiUcina PLXWl.

%

^

O (^

-■ov;crbv.dd el lilh

Wait Biookr Riyi^Sonlini

li E L I C I N A.

?pocics 27'). (Mns. Crosso.)
IIki.icina MiTTociiKii.A. IIcl. tcnli'i pam'i, suh;/lohosd,
sniidd, albd ; spird hrcri, anfractibun convexiiisculif,
apicalihus ininutis ; ultimo anfradu magna, dccliri,
medio ohtusissime angxil<do; apcrturd pared, ohliqiid,
subcoarctatd ; labia externo aiujusto, rejlexo,
sanguineo; colunuUdparvd, subtrigond, callo ventrali
lata, crasso, sanguineo.

ThK KED-MAKGINED HeLICINA. Slioll SllKlll, SubgloboSO,

solid, white; spire short, whorls rathc-r convex,
tho apical ones uiiiiulc ; last whorl largo, sloped,
obtusely angular in the middle ; ai)crturo small,
oblique, rather contracted ; outer lip narrow,
reflected, blood-red ; columella small, subtrigoiial,
ventral callus broad, thick, blood-red.

CiiossK. Journ. de Conch., 1«71, p. 07, PI. II., f. .').

Ilab. Pacific.

Species 270. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Hrit.)
Helicina notata. Ih'l. tcstd globosa-conicd, pallidimm!:
fulvd vel Jlavidd, solidiusculd : spird acvminatd,
anfractu peiiultimo macula rotunda nolato ; labia
externa rt'Jlexo, columelld trigond, pared; calla
ventrali incuuspinio.
TuE marked IIki.icina. Shell globose-conical, pale
fulvous or yellowish, rather solid ; spire acuminated,
last whorl marked with a round spot ; outer lip
reflected, columella trigonal, small ; ventral callus
inconspicuous.
Sallk. Proc. Zool. Soc, l&oO.
Ilab. Me.xico.

The distinctive description of this species has been
inadvertently left incomplete in the Thesaurus Mono-
graph, the sentence being cut short without mentioning
the peculiar round spot seen in every specimen, on
the penultimate whorl.

intcrriiptd mrdio nnfr

Species 277. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Helicina crNGtji.ATA. Ilel. testd globosa-subdepressd,
spiraliter striata, albidd, vel subrosed, lined rubrd

•dnh

/iri'sais

/Hilda

ruhro,

aciibus
nhtuKa :
I undo ■

apcrtiini inliis aurantid ; labia extenii,
cahiinilld pared, rectillsculd, albd.

TiiK nEi/iKi) Helicina. Shell globose-subdeprcssed,
spirally striated, whitish, or rather pinky, girt
with a red interrupted line in the middle of the
whorls ; whorls rather depressed, rounded, apex
red, obtuse ; aperture orange within ; outer lip
rounded ; columella small, rather straight, white.

(iuAY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1852.

//ab. Haiti.

nil ta-iiid
■diuin Jbui

(Fig. a, b, Mus. Crosse.)
(7. tesid glubasa-depirssd, teiiut,
, paltide r.w,,!, iiijhl mallnm
i,/ii!<ld rubrd, spirali fiurtd,
iilif: uiJiculiscpie irreyularibus

>d; anfractibus ajigvsli.t ;

■'"1"

rubr

ultima aiij'nirtu olisrurissime angulato; aperturA

subrhanibtiidtd ; labia externa reflexa, planatv, callo

ventrali lata, a-assiusr.tila, Jlavido.

TuE JOYOUS Helicina. Shell globose-depressed, thin,
spirally striated, pale pink, girt with a narrow red
spiral band below the middle of the whorls,
ornamented with irregular red flames and spots
above the middle ; spire depressed ; whorls narrow ;
last whorl very obscurely angular ; aperture sub-
rhomboidal ; outer liji reflected, flattened, ventral
callus broad, rather thick, yellowish.

ClJOSSE. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1870, p. 240, 187*'.
PL VI., fig. 5.

Ilab. Mount Mori, New Caledonia.

Much more compressed than the preceding species.

Species 279. (Mus. Crosse.)
Helicina benigna. Hel. testd compressd, tenui, leevi-
gatd, sub lenti minutissime decussatd patescenti,
pallide fulvd ; aperturd intils fasco-rubrd, columelld

February, 1874.

HP:LICINA.— Plate XXXI.

brevissimd, tenui, callo ventrali tenui, rotundo,
fusco-rubro, labia externa tenui ; spir& brevissimd.

The benign IIelicina. Shell compressed, thin, smooth,
appearing \jnder the lens very niinutely decussated,
pale fulvous; aperture brown-red within, colu-
mella very short, thin, ventral callus thin, rounded,
red-brown, outer lip thin ; spire very short.

Crosse. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. xviii. p. 24G,
1870, PI. VI. (1871), tig. 7.

Hab. New Caledonia.

Species 280. (Mus. Crosse.)

Helicina ponPHYROSTOMA. Hel. testa subtrochiformi,
toBvi, albd ; spird breviHscukl, anfractibus paucis,
convexiHsculis ; ultimo anfractu medio obtusissime
angulato; aperturd rubra, labia externa tenui,
calumelld oblupid, angiistd, callo ventrali rotundo,
rubra.

The porphtry-mouthed Helicina. Shell rather trocbi-
form, smooth, white ; spire rather short, whorls
few, rather convex ; last whorl very obtusely
angular in the middle ; aperture red, outer lip
thin, columella oblique, narrow, ventral callus
rounded, red.

Crosse. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1870, p. 245, Pl.VL,
f. 6, (1871).

Hai. New Caledonia.

Species 281. (Mus. Crosse.)

Helicina Moriensis. Hel. testa glohoso-subcojnpressd,
fere albd, aperturd calloque rubris ; spird depressd,
subcanicd, anfractibus parvis, paucis, planiHsmlis ;
ultimo anfractu compresso, subratundato ; labia
externa anguste reflexa, calumelld parvd, arcuatd,
callo ventrali cxpansa.

The Mount-Mori Helicina. Shell globose, subcom-
pressed, almost white, aperture and callus red;
spire depressed slightly conical, whorls small, few,

rather flat; last whorl compressed, rather rounded ;

outer lip narrowly reflected, columella small,

arched, ventral callus spread.
Crosse. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1870, p. 24G,

fig. 5, PL VI., 1781.
Hab. IMount Mori, New Caledonia.

Species 282. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Gundlachi. Hel. testd parvd, compressd,
solidiusculd, palHde fulvd, nonnunquam lineis rubris
spiraliter cinctd ; spird depressd, subconicd, ultimo
anfractu compresso ; aperturd intus pallide aured ;
labia externa vix reflexo ; columella parvd.

Gundlach's Helicina. Shell small, compressed, rather
sohd, pale fulvous, sometimes spirally girt with
red lines ; spire depressed, rather conical, last
whorl compressed ; aperture pale golden within ;
outer lip scarcely reflected ; columella small.

Pfeiffer. Malak. Bl. iii. 1856.

Hab. Porto Kico.

Species 283. (Mus. Crosse?)

Helicina Ueana. Hel. testd parvd, compressd, albidd,
vel flavido radiatd ; spird eonicd, anfractibus
angustis,. svbplanulatis ; apice aurantio ; aperturd
parvd, semicirculari, flavidd ; labia externa svperne
subarcuata media rectiusculo ; calumelld parvd, brevi,
callo ventrali parvo, rotundo, rubra circumcincta.

The Uean Helicina. SheU small, compressed, whitish,
or rayed with yellow ; spire conical, whorls
narrow, rather flat ; apex orange ; aperture small,
semicircular, yellowish ; outer lip arched above,
rather straight in the middle ; columella small,
short, ventral callus small, rounded, circumscribed
with red.

Mous.soN. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1871, p. 23,
PI. HI., fig. 9.

Hab. Uea.

^

StwerbviWetlitli

<k

^

Ikiiaiuj PI .XW'II

r^

H E L I C I N A.

Plate XXXI I.

Species 284. (Mus. Brit.)

IIei.icin'a CONTINNA. Hel. tcsld parvi'i, i/lohoso-coiiicd,
IcBvigatd, solidA, palidc fulvd ; apice rubra, pen-
ultimo anfractu infra ruhro-Jhsc.iato, ultimo
wifraHu snhcomjiresso ; aperturd mibaitriformi ;
columelld jitirrd, rectiilsculd ; lahio cftt-rno itngtiste
rotiindo.

The nkat IIei.icin'a. Shell small, globosely-conical,
smooth, solid, pale fulvous; apex red, penultimate
whorl red-banded below, last whorl subcom-
pressed ; aperture somewhat aurilbrm ; columella
small, rather straight: outer lip narrowly rounded.

GuNPi-.u-H. Malak. Bl. iv. 1857.

Hah. Cuba.

.Specie's 285. (M>is. Brit.)

IIelicina nuGUi.osA. IIcl. testa minutd, pallide Jlaridd,
compressd, tenuihsculd, oblique fortiter el railc
striata ; suturd impressd ; xpird depre.isd, con icd,
anfractib'us pauein, pnrvis, conve.ris; ultimo nnfraclu
ad peripherinm rotunda, infrd phmiiiscula ; eallo
ventrali tenui, deprefxa ; labia externa ri.r iii-
crassato.

The wr.lXKLEii llri.inxA. Shell minvite, [)alc yellowish,
conipressod, rather thin, obliquely strongly and
roughly striated ; suture impre.=sed ; spire de •
pressed, conical, whorls few, small, conve.x ; last
whorl rounded at the circumference, a little
flattened beneath ; ventral callus thin, depressed,
outer lip scarceh' thickened.

Pease. ?

Ilab. Isl. Tahite, Pacific.

Species 28G. (Mus. Brit.)
Hei.icina parvcla. liel. tesfd minutd, <jlobosa-sub-
aiii/uhitd, pallide e/riseo-subviridi, tenuissime striata,
spird conicd, paulo elevatd, sutnrd inipi-essd ; ndlo
ventrali tenuiter granulosa ; labia externa tenui,
refiexo ; columelld parvd.
The little Helicina. Sliell minute, globose, some-
what angular, pale greenisli-grey, very finely

striated, spire conical, a little elevated, sutur
pressed ; ventral callus finely granular; "uti
thin, reilected ; columella small.

Ilab. Isl. Aitiu, Pacific.

Species 287. (Mus. Crosse ?)
icina CIIL.MINAN.S. IIcl. testd parvd, llepre.-:^,
angulatd, obliipti: striata, Jiavidd vel carneo-albd ;
spird depressd, caiivexd, anfretetibus panels, parcis .
ultimo anfractu medio carinata, infrd carinam
canvexo ; aperturd subtrigond, labia ceteruo nfexa,
superne paulo Jlexuosa ; columelld pared, ■■alio
ventrali planulata, semicircuhrri .

CULMlNAThN(i IIlXICINA. Shell smuU, depressed,
angular, oljli.iuely striated, yellowish or fiesh-
white ; spire depressed, convex, whorls few, small ;
last whorl keeled in the middle, convex below the
keel ; aperture subtrigonal, outer lip reflected, a
little flexuous above ; columella small, ventral
callus flattened, semicircular.

.S.S0N'. Journ. de Conch., 1871, p. 2G, PI. III., f. 10.
. Isl. Navao, Pacific.

I Species 288. (Mus. Brit.)

I Helicina musiva. IM. testd depressd, angulatd, laivi-
\ gatd, ixdlide fulvd, superne et ad angulwa meiculis

I rubris arcuatis ornatd ; spird brevi, conicd, anfrac-

\ tibus planulatis ; ultima anfractu infrd medium

conve.ro ; calla ventrali Imvigato ; aperturd parvd,
labia externo leviter reflexo.
The mozaic Helicina. Shell depressed, angular,
smooth, pale fulvous, ornamented above and at
the angle with red arched .spots; spire .short,
conical, whorls flattened ; last whorl convex below
the middle; ventral callus smooth ; aperture small,
outer Lip slightly reflected.

GoULii. ?

Ilab. Isl. Toxata, LTpola, Pacific.

This species is usually found on the leaves of trees.

February. 1874.

I-IELICINA.— Plate XXXII.

The specimens of one variety liave no markings on the
under part of the last whorl.

•Species 2S9. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina oceanica. Ilel. testa minutd, compressd,
/xvii/aid, medio angulatd ; supernc lineis nndulaiis
nihiis notatd ; aperturd trigond ; lahio externo
tenui, hand rejlexo.

The (ice.\nic Helicina. Sliell minute, compressed,
smooth, angular in the middle ; marked above
with undulating red lines ; aperture trigonal ;
outer lip thin, not reflected.

Hab. Isl. Apaiang, Pacific.

More flattened than Ilel. miif:ii'a. with the outer lip
not reflected.

last whorl girt in the middle with a thin crenu-
lated keel, depressed below the keel, sulcated
round the ventral callus; ventral callus small,
round: aperture angular, columeUa small, oblique,
outer lip sharply angular in the middle.

Wright. ?

Hab. Cuba.

This flattish little species is remarkable for having a

depression or groove round the ventral callus.

Species 290. (Mus. Crosse.)

Mki.icina Schkamsii. Ilel. testd pan:d, trochiformi,
I'lisco-corned, tenui, tenuiter coticentrirc striatii ;
Kpird conicd, anfrartibus qvinque, mbelevati.?, pmild
ronvexis ; ultima anfractu svprd medium obtiif'e
anyulato ; columella albd, infrd subruneatd ; ccdlo
reriii-(di albo, parvo, rotundo ; labia externa tenui.

Schkam-m's Helicina. Shell small, trochiform, horny,
brown, thin, finely concentrically striated ; spire
conical, whorls five, slightly elevated, a little
convex ; last whorl obtusely angular above the
middle; columella white, a little cuneate below;
ventral callus white, small, round, outer lip thin.

Ci;o.sse. Journ. de Conch., l.STS, p. L'51, PI. III., f. U).

Ilab. ^^'oods of ilatouba, Guadaloupe.

Species 291, ( JIus. Brit.)

Hklicina MONTANA. //(/. textd iiarvd, valdc depressd ;
fiimoso-fusrd ; spin) di jursnd, anffactibiis com-
jilanalis ; ultimo auj'ractu mcdiu carina tenui
rrenulatn ciiicto, infrd carinum deprcsso, circcl
calliim ventralem. sulcata ; cedlo ventrali parvo,
rotunda ; aperturd angulatd ; culamellA parvd,
nbliqvd, labia cxterno medio acute angulato.

The mountain Helicina. Shell small, much depressed;
smoky brown ; spire depressed, whorls flattened ;

Species 292. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina constiucta. Hel. testd crassd, subdepressd,
angulatd, stramined vel pallide rosed, nonnunquam
rubra intcrruptim strigatd ; sjnrd convexo-conicd,
anfractibus planulatis ; ultimo anfractu paulo
infrd medium angulato, obtuse carinato, iufrd
carinum amvexo, prope aperturam contractu ;
ajurliirii parvd, rubrd, columelld parvd, calla
rentnitt il lahio externa vivide rubris.

The cunstuicteI) Helicina. Shell thick, subdepressed,
angular, straw-coloured or pale rose, sometimes
interruptedly striped with red ; spire convex-
conical, whorls flattened ; last vfhorl angular a
little below the nuddle, obtusely keeled, convex
below the keel ; contracted near the mouth ;
aperture small, red, columella small, ventral
callus aud outer lip bright red.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

Species 293. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina iui'aka. Ilel. tesid pared, globosd, grisea-
albd ; spird parvd, acundnatd ; anfractibus paucis,
parois ; ultimo anfractu magna, rotundo ; c.allo
ccnlrali tumido ; aperturd obliqud, semilunari,
columelld parvd, ad junctiiram cuneatd ; labia
externa angusto, re/lexn.

The riveu-bank Helicina. Shell small, globose,
greyish-white; spire small, acuminated; whorls
few, small ; last whorl large, round ; ventral
callus tumid ; aperture oblique, semilunar, colu-
mella small, cuneate at the juncture ; outer lip
narrow, reflected.

Pfeiffei;. ?

Hab. Banks of the Magdalene, New Ca-auada.

Ildtcma li.Min.

Z9T'
a i

-A^. ^

n2>

Smverby delBlljli ■Vmceiit.Biooks&v/S.Stm.Imp

IT E L I C I N A.

Plate XXXIII.

Species 294. (Mus. New York.)

Helicina cuuYsocnEiLA. lid. tcstu (jlohoiio-pyrami-
datd, alhd, b'nui, nitcnti, minutissiinc piinctKratd ;
spird elevatd, conicd ; anfractibus convexis, obscure
angulatis, infra subplanulatis ; aperturd magnd,
subovatd, subaured; labia externa rejlexa ; callo
ventrali et labia externa aureis.

The golden-mouthed Helicina. Shell globose, pyra-
midal, white, thin, shining, very minutely punc-
tured ; spire elevated, conical ; whorls convex,
obscurely angular, rather flattened below; aperture
large, subovate, golden ; outer lip reflected ; ventral
callus and outer lip golden.

BiNNEY. Am. Journ. Conch., 18G9, 13, PI. XVIII., f. 24.

Ifab. Texas ; Mexico.

Species 295. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Nov.e-Caledoni.e. Hel. testa subglobosd,
pallidi fulvd, Icevigaid ; spird elevatd, anfractibus
canvexis, superne declivis ; ultima anfractu inflato,
callo ventrali tuniido ; aperturd semilunaris labia
externa teniii, reflexo.

The New Caledonian Helicina. Shell subglobose,
pale fulvous, smooth ; spire elevated, whorls
convex, sloped above ; last whorl inflated, ventral
callus tumid ; ajierture seiiiilunar, outer lip thin,
reflected.

Baird. MS. Mils. Brit.

Ilab. New Caledonia.

Species 29C. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina brevilabris. Ilel. testd parvd, globosd,
stramined, semipelliicidd ; anfractibtts rubra uni-
linealis ; spird elevatd, anfractibus paucis, parvis,
convexis, apice acuminata; aperturd infrd medium
declivi, labia externa hrevi, angusto, ratundo.

The short-lipped Helicina. Shell small, globose,
straw-coloured, semipellucid ; whorls with one
red line ; spire elevated, whorls few, small,

convex, apex acuminated ; aperture sloped belo\
the middle, outer lip short, narrow, rounded.

Pfeikker. • ?

Ifab. Chiappa, IMexico.

Species 297. (Fig. a, b, Mus. De Burgh.)

Helicina helicinieokmis. Ilel. testa globosd, Ivnui,
vividi' viride vel purpured ; spird parvd, anfrac-
tibus paucis, apiice acuminata ; ultima anfractu
magna, ratundo, infrd subexcavato ; columelld
a-assd, ratundd, medio rotundatim callosd, infrd.
aculeatd ; aperturd magnd, labia externa latu,
rotundo, late rejlexa ; aperculo cornea, paucispira/i.

The heliciform Helix. Shell globose, thin, bright
green or purple ; spire small, whorls few, apex
acuminated ; last whorl large, rounded, slightly ex-
cavated below ; columella thick, rounded, with a
rounded callus in the middle, aculeated below ;
aperture large, outer lip broad, rouuded, broadly re-
flected ; operculum horny, spiral, with few whorls.

Pfeifkeu. Heliceorum viventium.

BiAirciera lieliciformis, Pfeiffer.

2Iab. ?

This is one of two species which differ from the true

Ilclicince in having a horny spiral operculum. Tliere

are several peculiarities in which this agrees with

Sp. 302.

Species 298. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Helicina colorata. IIcl. testd parvd, solidd, luted,
intenliim ,/'".<i''', vil rubra fasciatd, valde depressd,
aiigulaid; spird brevissimd, anfractibus paucis,
minutis ; ultimo anfractu magna, superne convexo,
medio obtuse carinata, infrd carinam convexo, callo
magno, tumido, columelld minutd, indislinctd, labia
externa vix incrassato, medio acute angulato, infrd
ad calumellaiii snbemarginato.

The coloured Helicina. Shell small, solid, yellow,
sometimes brown or banded with rod, much

February, 1874

HELICINA.— Plate XXXIII.

3, angular ; spire very sliort, whorls few,
minute ; last wliorl large, convex above, obtusely
carinated in the middle, convex below the keel,
callus large, tumid ; columella very small, indistinct,
outer lip scarcely thickened, sharply angular in
the middle, slightly emarginated at the columella
below.

Pease. American Journ. of 8ci. 18C9. PI. XII., f 9.

llah. Aunaa, Pacific.

Species 29',l. (Mus. Brit.)

EEici.N'A FEAVESCENS. //('/. testA parva, soiiikt, ijio-
hoso-trochiformi, flavidd, spird elevatd, convexd, an-
fractibus jxiw-h, cnnvejcis, apice acuminato ; ultimo
iinfractn magno, f/liJiiK<(f. siiprit aperturam elevato ;
infra medium oblii^.' uni/iihitn, rix carinato ; aper-
tiim svperne dciiris.1,1, i/,'cfiri : calln ventrali
tmiiido, columella pared.

HE VEi.LOWisn Helicina. Shell small, solid, globose-
rrochiform, yellow, spire elevated, convex, whorls
few. convex, apex acuminated ; last whorl large,
globose, elevated above the aperture, obtusely
angular below the middle, scarcely keeled ; aper-
ture depressed, sloped above, ventral callus t'unid,
columella small.

KA.sE. Shells of the Pacific Islands.

lab. ilangaia.

Although this and the preceding species are very
ifferent in form, there is a strong affinity between the

Species 300. (Mus. Brit.)

iciXA SUPRAFASCIATA. Jhl. tcstd ainjulcitd, Sllbd,'-
/ire^sd. tiiiiii ; stramined, stqrrd. inedium ruhrn uni-
I'usi-idli'i ; spii-d conicd, anfractibvs planiilalis ;
tiltimu (iiij'nictii, medio acute ungulate, carinato,
infra carinam valde convexo ; aperiurd parvd,
mlrhomboided, columelld parvd, aculeatd ; lahio
e.rtrriw angusto, rotunda, supra it infra ungnlum
mlmrrwito.

HiGH-iiANDED Helicina. Shell angular, subde-
pressed, thin ; straw-coloured, single banded with
red above the middle ; spire conical, whorls flat-
tened ; last whorl sharply angular in the middle,
keeled, very convex below the keel ; aperture

small, subrhomboidal, columella small, aculeated ;

outer lip narrow, round, rather arched above and
below the angle.

SOWERBT.

Hah. Australia.

Dr. Baird does not appear to have described this
species among those lirought by Mr. Brenchley.

Species 301. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Lanieiiiana. Hcl. testa trochifonni, angu-
latd, tenui, svperne vivide sulphured, infra pallida ;
spird acuminatd, infrd apicem pauld coneavd,
deinde convexd; ultimo anfractu medio angulato ;
aperturd subtrigond, alhd, callo ventrali tenui,
columelld aculeatd ; labia externa leriter reflexo,
pauld expanso.

Laniee's Helicina. Shell trochiform, angular, thin,
bright sulphur above, pale below; spire acuminated,
a little concave below the apex, thence convex ;
last whorl angular in the middle ; aperture sub-
trigonal, white, ventral callus thin, columella acu-
leated ; outer lip lightly reflected, a little expanded.

D'OmuoNY. Mollusques de Cuba.

Hab. Cuba.

This is one of the species that we failed to identify

in the Thesaurus Monograph.

Spjecies 302. (Mus. Brit.)

Helicina Fka.seri. Hel. tistd globosd, siibdepressd,
aurantid, spird parvd, anfractihis paucis ; ultimo
anfractu magno, globoso-subdepresso ; aperturd
ovatd ; labia externa rotunda ; columelld crassd,
infrd retrorsim aculeatd ; callo ventrali parva ;
opercvlo cornea, paucispirali .

Fkaser's Helicina. Shell globose, subdepressed, orange,
spire small, whorls few ; last whorl large, globose-
subdepressed ; aperture ovate ; outer Kpi rounded ;
columella thick, aculeated backwards below ; ven-
tral callus small ; operculum horny, spiral, with
few whorls.

Pkeiffer. (Bourciera) Ilelieeorum viventiuni.

Hab. Cuenca.

The second species of this interesting genus, or
subgenus, diifers from the first in having a more
depressed form, a more oval and less oblique mouth,
and less rounded callus.

Hdmfia,PI.MI\'

^

^

Vmceut. Brook? D-i-'^'i: Son imp

H E L I C I N A.

Plate XXXIV.

Species 303. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Mousson.)

IIklicina Ti:cni-oi!M!s. Ifel. testa troc/iifonui, snb-
(lepressd, medio angulatd et carinata, supni carinani
spiraliter impresso-striatd, auranttd ; spird sub-
depressd, anfractibtts convexiusculis ; tdtimo
anj'ractu inj'rd carinam kevitjato, convexo ; aperturd
oblique szibt/uadratd, columeUd oMiqud, callo
vcntrali letiui.

The rooe-shaped IIklicina. Shull trochifonn, subtle-
pressed, angular and keeled in the middle, spirally
impressed-striated, orange above the keel ; spire
depressed, whorls rather conve.\; last whorl smooth
below the keel, convex ; aperture obliquely sub-
quadrate, columella oblique ; ventral callus thin.

MoussoM. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1870, p. 199,
PI. VIII., f. 7.

Hab. Viti Islands.

Species o04. (Mus. Crosse.)

Helicina Lifouana. llet. ttstd mbglobosd, pallide
cinnamomed, earned : fpird convtxd, anfraclibus
pnrvis, apice obtuso, pallido ; ultimo anfractu
obscure amjulnto, infra valde convexn, callo vcntrali
lata, luteo, tumido ; aperturd pared, obliqui' semi-
lunari, labia externa angusto, rotnnilo, siiperne
depresso.

The LiFor Helicina. Shell subglobose, pale cinnamon,
lleshy ; spire convex, whorls small, apex obtuse,
[)ale ; last whorl obscurely angular, very convex
below ; ventral callus broad, yellow, tumid ; aper-
ture small, obliquely semilunar, outer liji narrow,
round, dejiressed above.

CiiOSSE. Journ. de Conch., 1809, p. 25, PI. II., f. .■).

Hab. Lifou, New Caledonia.

Species 305. (Fig. a, b, Mus. ? Copied.)

Helicina Mariei. Hel. testa dep-essd, griseo-J'idvd
subangulatd, ad angidum sutwamque maculis rubri

rhomhoideis notatd : spird depressd, anfraclibus
planulatis ; ultimo anfractu lata, compresso ;
aperturd obliqud ; columeUd pared, callo ventrnli,
tenui ; labia externo angusto, rotunda.

Marie's Helicina. Shell depressed, fulvous grey,
slightly angular, marked at the angle and suture
with red rhomboidal spots ; spire depressed, whorls
liattened ; last whorl wide, compressed ; aperture
oblique ; columella small, ventral callus thin ;
outer lip narrow, rounded.

Cuos.si:. Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 2-15, PL XIII., f. 9.

//((6. New Caledonia.

Species 300. (Mus. Mousson.)

Helicina interna. Hel. globoso-siibtrocldformi, tmui,
Icbvigatd, pallide strnmincd, fascia rubra angustd
pallid supra medium cinctd ; spird conicd, clevatd ;
(tnfractibus pauUi convexis ; callo ventrall tenui,
expanso, pallid!: roseo-fidvescenti.

The internal Helicina. Shell globose-subtrochiform,
thin, smooth, pale straw, girt with a narrow red
band a little above the midtlle ; spire conical,
elevated; whorls a little convex, ventral callus
thin, expanded, pale huffish rose.

Mousson. Journal de Conchyliologie, 187i.>, p. -'nl.

Hab. \'iti and Mango Islands.

es 307. (Mus. Mousson.)

Heli^

;.\u'1;ri. Hel. testd solidd, subdepressd,
la'vigiiter, pallide rubescenti irregulanter Jlammis
maculisque rubris notatd ; spird depressd, apice
obtuso, anfraclibus convexiusculis, ultimo anfractu
medio lata, infrd medium convcco ; callo ventraii
tumidiusculo, albo; aperturd depressd, labia crterno
incrassato, rotunda.
Semter's Helicina. Shell solid, subdepressed, smooth,
pale reddish, irregularly marked with red flames
and spots; spire depressed, apex obtuse, last

I'Y'bruary, 187-1.

HELICINA.— Plate XXXIV.

whorl broad in the middle, rather convex below

the middle; ventral callus rather tumid, white;

aperture depressed, outer lip thickened, rounded.
MoussoN. Journal de Conchyhologie, 1.S70, p. 204,

PI. VIII., f. 8.
Hah. Oneata Island.

Species 308. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Gra?ffe.)

Hklicin.\ Pazi. Ilel. testd parvCi, subglohosa, pallid!:
fused ; spird subdepressd, anfracttbus paucis, apice
obtuso ; ultimo anfractu obtusissimc angulato ;
aperturd subtrigond ; labia externa rejlexo, snpernb
declivi, medio obscure angulato ; callo ventrali
crassiusculo, albescenti ; margine recto, columelhi
brevinsimd.

Paz's Helicina. Shell small, suliglobose, pale brown ;
spire rather depressed, whorls few, apex obtuse;
last whorl very obtusely angular ; aperture sub-
trigonal, outer lip reflected, sloped above, obscurely
angular in the middle; ventral callus rather thick,
whitish with straight margin ; columella very short.

IIiLDAGO. Journal do Conchyliologie, 1865.

ILib. Gambier Islands.

Species 309. (Mus. Crosse? Copied.)

Helicina Annaaensis. Hel. testa

fumoso-flavidd ; spird depressd, obtusd, anfractibus
paucis ; ultimo anfractv depresso, lata, medio sub-

angulato ; aperturd parvd, semilunari, labia externa
albo, incrassato ; callo ventrali tumido, expanso :
columclld brevissimd, crassd.

Tee Annaa Helicina. Shell depressed, small, smoky
yellow ; spire depressed, obtuse, whorls few ; last
whorl depressed, broad, rather angular in the
middle ; aperture small, semilunar, outer lip white,
thick, ventral callus tumid, expanded ; cohimella
very short, thick.

CnossE. Journal de Conchyliologie, 18G9, \<. G7, Pi. V.,
f. 6.

Ilab. Isl. Annaa, Pacific.

Species 310. (Mus. ? Copied.)

Helicina Fischehiana. Ifel. testd depressd, angvlatd,
carinatd, lineis elevatis spiralibus distantibus,
validis striatd ; pallide fulvd ; spird depressd,
conicd ; ultimo anfractu medio valide carinato,
infra carinam convexo, callo ventrali parvo, albo ;
aperturd oblique rhomboidcd, angustd ; labia externo
reflexo, acuta; columellA parvd, rectiilsculd,angulatd.

Fischer's Helicina. Shell depressed, angular, cari-
nated, striated with raised spiral, strong lines ;
pale fawn ; spire depressed, conical ; last whorl
strongly keeled in the middle, convex below the
keel, ventral callus small, white ; aperture ob-
liquely rhomboidal, narrow ; outer lip reflected,
sharp ; columella small, rather straight, angular.

MoNTEOUziER. Jouxnal de Conchyliologie, 18G3, p. 7G,
171, PI. v., f. 3.

Hab. ?

II E L I C I N A.

acuminata ? VI. 44

acutissima, .Vo«'«)% XXVIII. i-iO

Adamsiana, P/c(/er HI. IX. ■.>.'., 72

adspersa, P/(>!j/er X. 81

a#ws, C. B. Adams IV. ?A

agghxtumns, Sowerbij XXV. "J'id

alata, J/ewAre XIII. 107

albo-cincta, Ilmnhriijh XXIII. -21)4

a/6o-/a6m, C. B. Adams I. 0

albo-Iabris, i7o;H6;(V7/( XXIII. l'J7

alboviridis, U>/;//i< .' XXIV. 214

aXta, Sowerhij XVI. 142

AmbeUana, Dti lio\ss,y XVII. 149

amoona, F/etjfer XX. 177

ampliata, C .2. .4 rfams X. 82

ampiillina, Ferrussac IV. ;!0

Andaynanica, Benson XXI. 187

angnhita, Sowerbi/ VII. 57

Annaaensis, Crosse (209 by error ) XXXIV. .'!0S

AntiWaTum, Soivei'bi/ XX. 17(1

Antoni, P/eiffer XIX. lO.I

arenicola, jl/ortore XXVIIl. 2."iO

articulata, P/e!j«- XXVI. 2.!(;

aruann, Pfeifer XXVII. 2;!9

aurantia, Cm?/ XX. 174

aurantio-viridi.'?, .s'oii'(v6'/ .\I. 97

aureola, /"e/TMsac XIV. 124

Bastidiana, Pof.y VIII. CI

Bayhamensis, Poe^/ I^- '^

Behaniana, Pfeifer V. 37

bellula, Gundlack X. 83

benigna, Crosse XXXI. 279

beryliaa, Gould XI. 91

Beskh, P/eiffer XXVU. 243

bicolor, P/«Jer XXVII. 237

Blandiana, Gundlach VI. 44

Borneensis, Martens XXX. 267

Bra?i(f/(V, Pfeiffer VIII. ('.3

Braziliana, Gray XXVI. 228

Braziliensis, GVay XI. 95

Brenchleyi, iaird XXX. 273

brevilabris, P/e*Jer XXXIII. 29C

Briarea, Po«y II. 12

Browiiii, Cra^ II. 9

Plate. Specie

hnWa, Pj-fiffer XXV. 224

Caledonia;, iJa»v/ XXXIV. 29,')

calida, Weinland IX. (57

callosa, Poey XV. KU

capillacea, P/eiffer XV . 1 3 (J

carinata, Orb iff HI/ VII. 51

carinifera, Or6((7«y XXVII. 241

carocolla, J/onmn^/ XXIV. 209

castanea, Guildin;/ .' XXV. 22r>

Catiiliniami, P/W//e/- H. lo

Chiappensis, P/«i/?ei- XIII. llo

Cbittyana, P/«;///h- Xll. 99

clirysochasma, /V^ VIII. tJ4

chrysocheila, 7iiH/ie// XXXIII. 291

chiysoatoma, S/iiitllewiirl/i III. 19

ci'iata.Voey II. 12

ciuctilla, .S7;»///, H-or/A XXI. 182

cinc;ulata, 6';-a^ XXXI. 277

citrina, Grateloup XXV. 219

citrina, FtViffer XXII. 199

citrinolabns, C. B. Adams I. <'

coccinostoma, ..l/oi-cto XX. 173

colorata, P«is« XXXIII. 298

Columbiana, P/(i7(>y»/ XVI. l;i9

columellaris, Poei/ \' I. -t-l

concentrica, P/«i^W- VII. 54

concinna, Gundlacli XXXII. 284

conica, Pfeiffer XV. l.'!3

conoidea, P/ei/cr VI." 49

consanguinea, C. B. AiV.mi^ ...... I. <i

constellata, Morelet XXIV. 211

coniincti\, P/eijJ'er XXXII. 292

continua, Giuidlaci, XVII. UC

convexa, P/J'/j/iv X. 84

CordiUera;,' .V'///r XVI. 143

cornea, Sowerhii XIX. 171

coronula, Shuttleiror/h IX. 70

corrugata, Pofstf XXIII. 198

costata, Gray XII. loC

crassa, D'Orbigny II. IS-

crassicostata, Sowerhi) FV. 33

crassilabris, P/«7()>/J( XII. 98

Crossei, &»yj«' ? XVIII. 158

culminans, jl/o?/sso/i XXXII. 287

Plate.

Cumingii, Pfeiffer VIII.

declivis, Gundlach IX.

AenUQ.\-\\ala, Ffeiffer XVIII.

depressa, Gray XIV.

diaphana, P/V'zje/- XXVIII.

dilatata. Poey XII.

dissimulans, Po/',y I-

Draytonensis, Pfeiffer XXX.

duhiosa, a £. Adam." IV.

Dysoui, Pfeiffer XXIX.

egregia, Pfiijfei- XVIII.

electrina, P/H^cr V.

elegans, JD'Orbigiv/ X\'.

elegantula, Pfeiffer XV.

e\ong<ita., D'Orbiyiii/ XVI.

erythraa, Wright .' XXI\ .

excavata, P/(7jer HI-

exacuta, Poei/ VI.

exsorta, Gundlach I^ •

fasciata,, Lamarck IX.

fasciata, Spix XXI.

testa, Gundlach VI.

fe.stiva, Gray I-

Fischeriana, Montroiicicr XXXIV.

flammea, Qho^ XXVI.

/ai-a, Spix XXI.

riavescens, Pense XXXIII.

i[<vvida, Menke XVI.

Forbesiaua, P/«J«;' XXVIII.

ro.-'sN lata, Poey U.

jurrata, Pfeiffer XXIX

Fraseri, Pfeiffer XXXIII.

/u/(7o»-a, Gould XXVI.

inWa, Pfeiffer XI.

fiimigata, Sowerbi/ XXVIII

Funckii, Pfeiffer XVII.

i'uscnia., Gundlach ? XXIV.

Ghiesbrighti, Pfeiffer XXVII.

glabra, Gould IX.

globcsa, Gray III.

globulosa, Orbigvy XVIII.

gonocbeila, Pfeiffer XXIII.

G(WSC(', Pfeiffer II.

Gw/W/a,,a, Pfeiffer VIII.

Guadalovipensis, Sowerby XX.

gvannm, Pfeiffer XXV.

g\:a.tios&, Pfeiffer XIl.

gratulata, .Sfa/ir//o,v/ XI.

Grayaiia, Pfeiffer XIl.

Giiildingiana, Pfeiffer IX.

Gundlachi, Pfeiffer XXXI.

171)
225
105

Plate. Species.

Hanley ana, P/>#r XXIX. 25i>

hsemastoma, l/"/vfa»r/ .. XX'N . 217

HeloisK, .S'aWtf XIII. Ill

helicinffiformis, Pfeiffer XXXIII. 297

hirmta, C. B. Adams II. 0

Hjalmarsoni, P/H/Zfir XXV. 22o

Hollaiidii, C. B. Adams II. '.»

Hornbeckii, Pliilippi V. 42

hvLtnilis, Hambriyh XXIII. 205

Id^, Pfeiffer XXII. 192

inaaqaalis, Pfeiffer XIV. 123

inconspicua, P/«'//«/' XIX. 170

incrustata, Gundlach IX. 70

interna, Mojisson XXXIV. 'M)(\

intusplicata, P/^/er IV. 25

Jamaicensis, 6'oicer6j/ XIX. 163

Japonica, ^. ^t/(WKS XXIX. 262

Jeannereti, Pfeiffer I. 3

Josephime, C. B. Adam.s XXIV. 210

jucunda, Gundlach •. XXV. 218

jugulata, Poey VI. 47

Julii, Pa/Vrf XXX. 272

Keatii, P/t{/f(T X. 79

Kieneri, Pfeiffer XVIII. 1 GO

laciniosa, Mighach IX. ('9

lata, C/-osse XXXI. 278

Lanieriana, D'Orhigny XXXIII. oOl

hza,Tus, ,Sowerliy XXIV. 208

lens, Xea XXVIII. 248

Lifouana, Crosse XXXIV. 304

Lindeni, P/c'/z/Lt XIII. 112

\meata, C. B. Adam.'i XIV. 116

lirata, P/«/c)' XIV. 121

littoralis, Gnndlnrh IV. 32

littoricola, Gundlach XV. 132

Lleana, Mouftson XXXI. 283

Louisadensis, Forbe, XXIX. 257

Inteo-apicata, Foey VIII. 60

Intea,, Lesson XXV. 222

Macgillivrayi, P/e?y«' XXII. 193

macilenta, C. B. A dams I. 8

maxxdaXa, Sowerby XXVI. 227

maculosa, Newcombe V. 30

major, Gr«^ II. 14

Maugerire, Gntj/ XXIII. 199

Marchionessa, Hombrigli XXIII. 195

Mariei, Crosse XXXIV. 305

TaayLima, Sower by III. 21

megastoma, C. B. Adams IV. 31

merdigera, Salle XVI. 140

Merguicnsis,Vie\Siir XXI. 187

IIELICINA.

microstoma, C B. Adams I.

miltocheila, Crosse XXXI.

minima, D'Orhigny V.

minuta, Sowerbi/ XIX.

modesta, Pfeijer XXIX.

Moquiniana, .S«c/«- XXVI.

Moriensis, Crosse XXXI.

montana, Wri;/ht XXXll.

Mouensis, Crosse XXXI.

Monlioti, F/eiffer XXVI.

multicolor, GomW XIX.

nm'tilhsciata, i^rt»-f/ XXX.

mnltistriata, Velasques V.

mn&iva, Gould XXXU.

neritella, Lamarck XX.

Nicliol.'tti, Shuttleu-orth XIII.

Nicobarica, Philipin XXI.

niticia, Pfeiffer IX.

nohilis, C. B. Adams II.

Notlic, (7»/K//r/cA XI.

Norfolkpn.sis, P/aJer XXI.

notata, Salle XXXI.

Novje-Calcdoniro, Baird XXXIII.

occidentalis, Gtiilding XXI.

occulta, Sowerhi/ XXIX.

oceanica, Gould XXXII.

ochracca, Poetj I.

oleosa, />/>//«• XXX.

opima, Sliuttleworth XII.

orhkuhta. Sowerbi/ XXIX.

Orbignyi, P/eifer XXVIII.

oresigena, Z)' Orhifjny V .

ornida ? Soiverby X.

Oweni, Pfeiffer XX.

Oweniana, Pfeiffer XVI.

c.xyrhinca, Crosse XXVI.

oriistomn, Sowerby XXIV.

o.xytropis, Gray XXIV.

pafjoda, Vfilasquez XX IV.

palliata, C. B. Adams I.

pallida, Gould XXVIII.

pannucea, Morelet ? XIII.

Paraensis, Pfeiffa- XVI.

parva, Sowerby XXIV.

parvula, Pease XXXII.

Pazi, midago (308 by error) ... XXXIV.

pcllucida, .SbK.f% XIII.

perispherir.a, ? X.

Petitiana, (?»•*!>/«!/ XII.

petrosa, Gundlach XV.

Phasianclla, Pfilfer XXX.

pieta, Ferrussac IX.

pictella, Pfciilh' XXX.

^)//osa, Sowerby XXIII.

pisum, Philippi X.

i platycheila, il/M/i//<jM< XI.

plicutula, Pfeiffer XIV.

Poeyi, Pfeifr X.

polita, Sowerby XXII.

politula, Poey IX.

polycbroa, Pfeiffer XVII.

porphyrostoma, C;'(«ie XXXI.

pulchella, Gmy XII.

pulcherrima, ifa II., III.

purpureo-flcioa,}<hiV(A(st XVII.

pyramidalis, Sowerby VI.

pyrrhostoma, Menke XX.

Ileeviana, Pfeffer XXVI.

regina, Morelet V.

remota, Pory XVII.

rcpanda, Pfeiffer X.

reticulata, Pfeifer XXII.

retr;icta, P<iey V.

renbella, Wright XXIV.

ripara, Pfeiffer

rhampliostyia, Pfeiffer ....

rliodostoma. Gray

Rhori, Pfeiffer

rhyncostoma. .^Imlfleirorfli

RosaUsB, Pfeifer

rostrata. Morel el

rotella. Soieerhy ,

rotellinei, Potiez I't iMi.-lianc

XXXII.

111.

\'II.

XXXII.

XXVII.

XXVII.

XVIII.

XII.

V.

268
203

78

CC.
15;;
2S(»
103

IT)
152

45
174
235

148

8(;

188

rotelloidoa, Miijhaels IX.

rotunda, D'Orbiijny IV.

rubella, Pfeiff'er V.

rubella, \Yr\z\M XXIV.

rubicunda, Gnndlach XV.

™Ara, Pfeiffer I.

rubromarginata, Chmdbvh VIII.

rudis, Pfeiffer XIX.

n//a, Pfeiffer XX.

TUgosa, Pfeiffer XIV.

rugulosa, Pe((Ae XXXII.

rupestris, P/e"y^er XV.

Saejra, Orbigny I.

Sagraiana, Orbigny I.

Salleana, P/c//f(T XXII.

.S'a/nn(, Tristram XVIII.

Sandwicbensis, AS'o!;Zf7/(i XIX.

sanguinea, Pfeiffer XX.

sater«fc, Gundlach X.

HELICINA.

Plate. Specie-.

Soln-ammi, Crosse XXXH. 290

scitula,Wood XII. 103

scopularum, Morelet VI. 43

semilirata, Pfeiffer XII. 107

semistriata, iSoti'er J?/ XIV. 117

Semperi, J/o?MSO?i XXXIV. 307

Shanghaensis, P/ezJer XXVI. 234

silacea, Aforelet II- 13

similis, Sowerly XX. 175

simios;i, Pfiljfer HI. 20

Sloanei, J5'0)%Ky VIII. GO

solidiila, Gm^ XXVII. 245

soliUna., C. B. Adams IX. 65

sordida, King XI. 94

Hovrerhyima, Pfeiffer XXIII. 202

spectabilis, (Jundlach XVII. 147

sphffiroida, Pfeiffer X. 77

spmifera, Pfeiffer VII. 55

Sprncei, Pfeiffer V. 40

stellata, Velasquez XXIV. 210

Straminea, MoricaxiA VI. 48

stTiaXa., Lamarck XXII. 191

.striatula, iSojwriy IX. 71

sXxigaXa., Baird XXX. 274

suavis, Pfeifer VII. 56

subglobosa, Poc!/ XIX. 164

sMhaomca, Sowerhj XXIX. 263

subfiisca, Menhe V. 42

sublffivigata, P/eiyec XXIX. 265

submarginata, Gra/y I- 2

subovalis, 5o(rc)% XXI. 184

substriata, G»'ny XI. 94

subturrita, ,S'oifc;% VI. 50

succiwea., Pfeiffer IV. 26

supra-fasciata, Sotuerhy XXXIII. 300

sixtuxixYis,, Martens VII. 58

tajniata, Qaoy X. 85

Tamsiana, Pfeiffer XVIII. 1 C 1

TankorviUii, Gray XII. iOl

Tayloriaua, Sowerly XXIII. 206

tecta, Sowerhj XX\ II.

tectiformis, Mousson XXXIV .

tenuilabris, Sowerby XI.

Tilei, P/«J«- XI.

titanica, Poey IV.

tricarinata, Sower' y XV.

tridens, Shnttleworth XV.

trochiformia, Sowerby VII.

trochlea, Gould XV.

trochulina, D'Orbigny XV I.

tropica, Chemnitz XVII.

trossula, Moricand XVI.

turbinata, Weijman VIII.

turbinella, Pfeifer XVII.

uberta, Gould XXIII.

Ueana, Moussmi XXXI.

undulata, Pfeiffer XV.

iinguiculata, Poey V.

unicarinata, Sowerby XIX.

UHU'oZor, Potiez ft Michaud XI.

unidentata, Pfeifer XIV.

uniiasciata, Gray XXVIII.

variabilis, Wagner XXI.

variegata, Orbigny X.

velutina, Poey III.

verecundia, ? XXVIII.

vernalis Morelet XVIII.

vestita, Guilding XIX.

y'lWo&a,, Anthony ? XXIII.

vinosa, Shdtleivorth XIV.

virens, P/e(J«;' XXII.

virginea, Lea IV.

viridis, Lamarck XI.

viridis, Sowerby XI.

Yorkensis, Pfeiff'er XXIX.

Yxinguensis, ? X.

Zebriolata, Pfeifer XXVI.

zephyrina, Duclos X^^II.

Zodi, Pfeifer XXI,

2onato, Sowerby XXI.

303
92
88
27
129
125

128
138
149
145
63
150

EERATA.

For Annaaensis, 309, and Pazi, 308, text, read Annaaensis, 308, and Pazi, 309.
„ mimita, PI. XXVIII. sp. 255, ,, Opars, Sowerby.

„ Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842 (sp. 255) ,, Conchologlca Iconica, PI. XXVIH.

„ pyramidata, PI. VI. sp. 45 (text) „ pyramidalis.

Species Cordillera, globulosa, and laciniosa, having been repeated, the following omitted species ivill
ikc their numbers, viz. — candeana, Orbigny, sp. 114 ; dentigera, Orbigny, sp. 151 ; oxystoraa, Gray. sp. 221.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

P A N 0 P ^. A

Thy wuuclrous works, Tliy iniLclity jiuwur ilec-lai'o.
Which yet faint .sla'tchcs ofTliy y;lury iu\:"—Trcn,'h.

Pa/ 1 opera Fl . I.

VinceiilBroulis lUv k Scm.bp

P A N 0 P vE A.

Plati; I.

. Genus TANOP^A Menard.

Testa bivalvi, bhmisculosa, utrinque hians, laevigata, vel
concentiicb nigata, epidermide induta, cardine
medio ulraque valvd uiiidentato ; ligamcnto con-
spicuo, e.rterno ; impressioiie pallii posiice profunde
siimato.

Shell bivalve, bimiisciilar, gaping at both ends, smooth
or concentrically wrinkled, covered with an
epidermis, hinge with one tooth in the middle in
each valve ; ligament conspicuous, external ; palloal
impression with a deep sinus.

Some of the species included in this monograph are
separated under the name Glycimeris in the work of
Messrs. Adams. The shells of both genera are stated
to be similar, excepting that in P.iNOP^.\ the palleal
impression is interrupted. The animals, however,
differ in the two genera, the siphons being separated
near the extremity in Panopcea and united io their
extremity in Gl;/cimer!s. It would be impossible to
decide absolutely on the validity of this distinction,
which is probably one of degree, and therefore of
specific value only, without being able to examine
specimens of the siphonal integuments of every species.
P.\NOP^.\, tiPEt^GLERi, = Norvegica and its near ally P.
Middendorjii are quite northern in their range, reach-
ing only tlie northernmost parts of Great Britain, while
the other species included by Messrs. Adams in the

genus Ghjcimeris are tropical or southern, their range
extending to South Australia.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)
P.\Nor^A Aldrovandi. Pan. testa magnd, altcl, svh-
rhomhoided, rectiiisculd, crassd, ]iro/undd ; latere
antico breviiisculo, acuminato ; pej-ohlique truncato ;
margine dorsali recto ; medio planiiisculo, umhoni-
biis ovatis ; latere postico lato, ad terminum sub-
arcuato, late truncato, margine dorsali concavo.
Alduovand's Panop^a. Shell large, elevated, sub-
rhomboidal, rather straight, thick, deep ; anterior
side rather short, acuminated ; very obliquely
truncated ; dorsal margin straight ; middle rather
flat, umbones oval ; posterior side broad, a little
arched at the end, broadly truncated, dorsal margin
concave.
La.maeck. Anim. sans Vert.
Panopaa glycimevis, Deshayes.
Panopaia riigosa, Valenciennes.
Hab. Mediterranean.

The three large species of this genus are thus dis-
tinguished, namely, Panopcra Aldrovandi is broad and
deep, short and obliquely truncated in front ; Panopaa
Fuvjasii is narrower, nearly equilateral, and not at all
oblique ; Panopcea aitenuata is narrow, long, and
curved posteriorly, broad and reflected anteriorly.

April, 1S7;J.

Panopoca.FLII.

\:

Soweiby del e.t, lith

"fcicfut BTDokEDj.yX.Soii,hii)

P A N 0 P tE A.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit, aud Lainarck.)

I'ANor^EA Faujasii. Pan. testa magna, a-assiitfcitla, in-
Jlata, altu, snbcequilaterali, Icevigata, sulinigata,
latere antico brevnisculo, rotxindo, alto ; medio f<uh-
planiilato, vmhonilrus magnis, prominentibus ; latere
postico angiisfiiisculo, elongatiusculo, ad terminum
urciiatim elevato, truncato ; margine dorsali convexo.

Faujas's Panop^sa. Shell large, rather thick, inflated,
deep, rather equilateral, smooth, somewhat
wrinkled, anterior side rather short, rounded,
deep; middle rather flat, umbones large, pro-
minent ; posterior side rather narrow and
lengthened, raised at the end in a curve, trun-
cated ; with the dorsal margin depressed convex.

Mknarii (de St. Croix). Fossiles d'ltalie.

//„/,. ? Recent.

M. Valenciennes remarks in his monograph in the
Illustrations Conchyologiques oi'Chemn., that the recent
shell figured in Plate II. of liis work and copied in ours,
is wrongly referred to this species. He states that it is
one of two specimens in the collection of Lamarck in the
Paris Museum, and that it is only a variety of Panopcea
Aldrovandi. Now it must be observed, first, that both
his shell and' one in the British Museum differ in
several respects from P. Aldrovandi, and secondly that
in describing P. Faujasii &s a fossil only M. Valenciennes
points out the same differences between the two species,
as those which exist between the recent shells. P.
Aldrovandi is narrow and pointed at the anterior side,
and broad truncated at the posterior, while the reverse
is the case with P. Faujasii.

February, 1873.

I 'a I top ecu Fl.III.

f

SowBrby del eL liih

VmcmlBiooksDM &,Scm4nip

P A N 0 P ^ A.

species S. (Mus. Paris.)
Panop.EA attenuata. Pan. testa elonijatA, anguata,
Ixevigald ; latere antico Uitioii, oblique truncato,
margine doTsali elevato ; medio comprcsso, mn-
bimibus parvum promt nentibus. maiyinc ventrali
recto ; latere postico attenuata, ad terminum ar-
cualo, valde sursiun acclivi, termino ob/it/ii? trun-
cato, margine dorsali deprcaso, arcuato.

The attenuated Pa.noi'^a. Shell elong:ited, narrow,
smooth ; anterior side wider, obHquely truncated,
dorsal margin elevated ; middle compressed, iim-
hones little prominent, ventral margin straight ;
posterior side attenuated, arched al tlie end,
strongly sloped upwards, end obliquely truncated,
dorsal margin depressed, arched.

Febrm,

I'anopaia Anstralis, Valenciennes, not Sowerbv.
I/ab. Port Natal.

We have no reason to suppose that this shell is
identical with the P. auslralin of Sowerby, or that the
last mentioned species ever attains a larger size than
the one represented in Plate VI. of this monograph.
M. Valenciennes having received a drawing of a
smaller specimen in the Cumingian Cabinet by Mr.
Sowerby, imagined it to represent the young of liis
gigantic species; an opinion which we cannot share.
Panopwa attenuata differs from the two preceding
species in shape and proportions, as will be seen from
the figure which we have copied.

\:

I'anopaa H /!

Sowerliy de! Pl li'ii

Vmcciil, Brook.'; 1) ly t lionjir

P A i\ 0 P iE A.

■"PPC

(Mus. Brit.)

PaN(i1'.EA aUsXELLATA. Fwi. tCStd OVato-olloli(jd, flllvd.

tenitiusculd, utrinque pauld hianti ; latere postico
la;ri(jalo, subrostrato, depresso, suharcuato, margine
dor.<(di depresso, concavo, termino angusto, rotunda,
margine rcntrali snrsum acclivi ; medio convcxo,
marjine ventrali rcctiuscido ; latere antico injlalo,
rvgis concentricis et sti-iis radiuli.-' cancellato, ad
terminum rotundo.

The cancellated Panomca. Shell ovatc-oblong, fulvous,
rather thin, a little gaping at both ends ; posterior
side smooth, subrostrate, depressed, slightly
arched, witli the dorsal margin depressed, con-
cave, end narrow, rounded, ventral margin sloped
upwards; middle convex, ventral margin rather
straight ; anterior side inflated, cancellated with
concentric wrinkles and radiating stria;, rounded
at the end.

Sowerby.

Ilab. Australia.

This shell gapes much less than the other species,
and is remarkable fur the sculpture of its anterior

side, which has regular concentric
radiating stria;.

Species

(Mus. Brit.)

subdom
iigatd ; latere pofi

i'ANOr^EA GENEIKSA. Pail

fon/ii, crassd, laminaliiu
breri, subquadrato, lata, ad terminum latissimr
Inuiiti, tnmcato, medio planulato, margine ventrali
rectnisculu ; latere antico subtrigono vel snbaru-
minatim rotundo.

The GENEROUS Panop^a. Shell broad, short, rather
wedge-shaped, thick, lamiuately wrinkled ; pos-
terior side short, subquadrate, broad, very widely-
gaping, and truncated at the end; middle Hattish.
ventral margin rather straight ; anterior side sul)-
trigonal, or subacumiuately rounded.

Gould. Shells of United States Expedition? MS.
Mus. Brit.

riab. ?

Remarkable for its almost trigonal form, and verv
broad posterior truncation and wide gape.

February. 187o.

Fanopaa Piy.

5fet^-

iiiiiii

Sowaby deUtliUl

VmcpjABToolisDiY i Son, ]mj

P A N 0 P /E A,

Species G. (Mus. Brit.)

PaxoPjF.a SoLANDiii. Pan. testa oblomja, rectiusculd,
solidd, levUer concentrice ruffatd, inwqmlalerali ;
latere postico angustiilsculo, etomjato, subangulaio,
triinrato ; medio planiuscnlo : latere antico brevi,
lata, rotiindo.

Sot.ANi.r.n's ]"an(ii-.ka. Slicll oblong, r:itli.-r straight,
solid, slightly concentrically wrinkled, ine(|ui-
hiteral ; posterior side ratlier narrow, elongated,
rather angidar, truncated, rather flat in the middle ;
anterior side short, wide, rounded.

Gray. MS. Chem. Illus. Conch.
Hub. New Zealand.

Species 7. (Mus. JeiFreys.)

Panop^a Spknoleki. Pan. testa crassd, oblongo-
.<ubquadratd, mbrugosd, epidermide fusco-subvu-idi
indiitd ; latere postico radiatim anyulato, ad ter-
miniim truncato, medio dcpresso, complanato ;
. latere antico brevi, subrotundo, subrugato ; umboni-
biis snbquadratis, medio depressis.

Spengleu's Panop^a. Shell thick, oblong-subquadrate,
siibrugose, covered with a greenish-brown epi-
dermis ; posterior side radiately angular, trvfncated
at the end, depressed in the middle, flattened ;
anterior side short, rather round, rather rough ;
umbones squarish, 'depressed in the middle.

Valenciennes. Arch. Mus. Ul. pi. 5, fig. 3, a, b.

Panopcea Norvegica, Sowerby.

Uab. Norway, North of Scotland.

February, 1873.

Faiiripfra PI 17

%

ir

Sov/etby de! eLlitli

VmcentBluofc;Ba.Yi5oiil>"P

P A N 0 P yE A.

Species 8. (Mus. Bril.)

Panop^a Middendorfii. Pan. testd subtrigond, angu-
latu, concentrice suhlaminatd, versttn umbones con-
centrice leviter nigatd, ip/dermiilr fasco-suhviiidi
induti'i, iitriiifjue hianti ; lnhrr iintiro hrcvi, ciiiieato,
mnrgine dorsali subdeclivi, mun/iiie rt idrali acclivi ;
medio planulato, margine ventrali recto ; latere
po$tico expanso, subangulato, margine dorsali elevato,
margine latero-venirali subtrtincato, Kursum acclivi.

Mmni-.N-DORK's Pasop.ea. Shell subtrigonal, angular,
concentrically laminated, concentrically slightly
wrinkled towards the umbones, covered with a
greenish-brown epidermis, gaping on both sides ;
anterior side short, cuneate, dorsal margin rather
sloped, ventral margin sloped upwards; middle
rather flat, ventriil margin straight : posterior side
expanded, rather angular, dorsal margin elevated,
latero-ventral margin rather truncated, sloped
upwards.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.'>4, p. ].'>7.

Hab. Scandinavia.

Possibly this may prove to be
triangidar form of Panopcea splengler

v'hat

?pecies 9. (Mus. Brit)

Paxop^ea Zelanwca. Pail, testa ohloiigo-subrlmia-
boideH, pallide fulfil, concentric!: rugatd, utrinque
Iruncato, hianti ; latere antico breviiisculo, rotun-
datim angalato ; medio late subplanuluto, nrnbonibitg
ovatis ; latere poslico oblongn, margine terminali
truncate.

The New Zeala>;d Panop^\. Shell oblong-subrhom-
boidal, pale - fulvous, concentrically wrinkled,
truncated and gaping at each end ; anterior side
rather short, roundly ajigular, middle widely

rather llattened, umbones ovate; posterior side

oblong; terminal margin truncated.
Qi'OT. Voy. de I'Astrolabe, pi. 83, f 7—9.
Hab. Moreton Bay.

Species 10. (Mus. Paris.)

Panop.i:a AisiiHEViATA. Pan. testd. nigusd, laminatd,
crassd, rotundatim ovatd ; latere antico brevi,
parvo, margine dorsali depresso, margine ventrali
acclivi, subsinuato ; medio convexo, umbonibus
latis, margine ventrali rotundato ; latere posticn
siibelongato, margine dorsali rectiilsculo, termino
siibcuncato,margine ve^itrali rotunda, versus terminum
acclivi ; margine cardinali incrassato.

The .siioktened Panop;ea. Shell rough, laminated,
thick, roundly ovate ; anterior side short, small,
dorsal margin depressed, ventral margin sloped
upwards, somewhat anuous ; middle convex,
umbones wide, ventral margin round ; posterior
side rather elongated, dorsal margin rather straight,
end rather cuneate, ventral margin rounded, sloped
upwards towards the end ; hinge margin thick.

Valenciennes. Illustrations Conchyliologiques, PI. IX.
f. 1, 0, b.

Punopcea antarctica, Gould.

Ilab. Coast of Patagonia.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

I'ANoPiEA Au^TiiALis. Pan. testd teaiusculd albd,
utrinque latissime hianti, concentvic'e rugatd, valde
incequilaterali ; latere antico laiissimo, rejlexo,
margine dorsali elevato, convexo ; medio compresso,
margine ventrali concavo, umbonibus acuminatis ;
latere postico angustiori, oblongo, tnmcato, 7nargine
dorsali depresso.

April, 1873.

PANOP^A.— Plate VI,

The AusTiiALiAN Panui-.ea. Shell rather thin, white,
very widely gaping on both sides, concentrically
wrinkled, very inequilateral; anterior side very
wide, reflected, dorsal margin elevated, convex ;
middle compressed, ventral margin concave, um-
bones acuminated; posterior side narrower, oblong,
truncated, dorsal margin

SowEUBY. Genera of Shells. No. 40.

Hah. Tasmania.

Several specimens of this species e.vist in the collec-
tion of the British Museum, and although ratlier light
and thin, appear to be adult. A drawing of one of
these was sent to M. Valenciennes, who considered it
to represent the young state of tlie large shell which he
has figured in the " Illustrations Conchyliologiques.''
and which, in our plate, three of this genus is named
Panopaa attenuata.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE (iENUS

S C A L A R I A,

ladder quaintly made." — Shak.'ipMiv.

Seal ana VI. J.

Sowei'by ddethlji

Vin.-.eut Brooks rny X: Son>p

S C A L X R 1 A.

Plate I.

Genus SCALARIA, Lamarck.

Tesla turrita, frequenter alba, Iwvigata. anfradiha)<
rotundis, frequenter separatis ; costis variconis plus
minusve regularibus ornatis ; apertura inteyra,
manjine rejlexo, rotundo. Operculum corneum,
paucispirale.

.Shell turritcd, froqueiitly wliito, smooth, whorls
rounded, frequently separated ; oniaiuented with
more or less varicose ribs ; aperture entire,
margin reflected, rounded. Operculum horny,
with few whorls.

The system of regular varices, often continued from
whorl to whorl in a half-spiral direction up to the apex,
the separation of the whorls in some instances, the
delicate colouring in others, and the e.xcpiisite sculpture
of many species, combine to render tliis one of the most
attractive of genera. The geographical distribution of
the genus is world-wide, and many individual species
have a very wide range indeed. China and tlie
Philippine Islands produce a large number, and a few
are found in Great Britain and more northern localities.

jpecies .

(Mus. Nobis.)

SCALARiA NEGLECTA. Scu. testd late pynimiclatd, per-
forata, inter varices pallide falvi'i ; anfractibus
rapide crescentibus, disjunctis ; varicibns sub-
numerosis, tenuiusculis, continuis, prope suturam
aculeatis.

The neglected Scalatja. Shell broadly pyramidal,
perforated, pale fulvous between the varices ;
whorls rapidly increasing, disunited ; varices
rather nmnerous, rather thin, continuous, aculeated
near the suture.

Adams & Reeve. Voy. Samarang, Zool., p. .Tl, pi. 11,
f 15.

Scalaria Pallasii, var. Sowerby Thes. Cunch.

Ilab. China.

Scalaria Pallasii is a narrow shell with proportionally
larger and more distant ribs. The difference between
the two sjiecies is well maintained in all the
specimens.

ipecies

(Mus.

LAIilA (IIIADATA. Sc(l. lesti'l el,>ll;/<ll<)-j
clerata, acumiiiatd, alb,) ; anfnictihiis n,„

■III, hit,.
,'nlibii.

•lS,_'ulil

prvp
The sTEi-

qn<

,li,n-iil.

;IA. Shell elongate, pyramidal, elevated,
acuminated, white ; whorls contingent, slowly in-
creasing ; ribs scarcely contiguous, rather thin,
stjuare near the suture, slightly aculeated.

Hinds. Fid. Sowb. Thes., PI. XXXIV. fig. lO'J.

Scalaria nodosa, Carpenter.

Ilab Amboyna.

This very characteristic shell appears in the British
Museum under the name nodosa. Carp,

Species 3. (Mus. Noliis.)

ScALAi:iA AusTi'.ALIs. Scu. tcsta elimijalil, crassA,
ohtusiusculd, inter varices grisescenti ; anfractibus
lentc crescentibus, contiguis, subcompresais, infra
caiiiiii obtusd, crassd cinctis ; varicibns crassis,
subdistantibus, rectiUsculis, continuis.

The Australian Scalaria. Shell elongated, thick,
rather obtuse, greyish between the varices ; whorls
slowly increasing, contiguous somewhat com-
pressed, encircled below with an obtuse thick
keel; varices thick, rather distant, rather strai-ht,
continuous.

Lamarck. Anim. s. vert. Sowb. Thes. Cunch., f r>2.

Hah. Swan River, Australia. Cape uf Gn.jd Hope.

SCALARIA.— Plate I.

Species 4. (Miis. Nobis.)

SCAI.ARIA PRETiosA. Sca. testd magiid, ventricosd, late
perforata, inter varices pallide fulvo-jmrpurascenti ;
anfractibus rapide cresccntibus, rotundis, separatis ;
varicibus distantibus, laminatis, prominente ex-
tantibus, vix crenulatis; aperturd marjnd, intiis
fusca; columella infrd rejlexd, incrassatd.

The precious Scalaria. Shell large, ventricose,
broadly perforated, pale fulvous-piirple between
the varices ; whorls rapidly increasing, rounded,
separated ; varices distant, laminar, prominently
outstanding, scarcely crenulated ; aperture large,
brown within; columella reflected below, thickened.

Lamarck. Anim. sans vert.

Turho Scalaris, Linaseus.

Hab. China. Australia. Molluccas.

The above name being the one by which this beautiful
shell is popularly known, it is preferred to the old
specific name, now used generically.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria communis. Sca. testd elongatd, imperforatd,
purpurea fuscoque inter varices variegatd, super
varices radiatim maculatd, anfractibus numerosis,
lentissime crescentihus, coniiguis ; varicibus in-

cequaUbus Jlexuosis, subextautibus, ad sutitram

clevalis, junctis, continuis.
The common Scalaria. Shell elongated, imperforate,

variegated between the varices, radiately spotted

on the varices with purple and brown ; whorls

numerous, very slowly increased, contiguous ;

varices unequal, flexuous, rather extant, raised,

joined, continuous.
Lamarck. Anim. sans vert.
Tm-bo clanthj-us, Gmel.
Hab. Great Britain. Scandinavia. Mediterranean.

Species 6. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria imperialis. Sca. testd late pyramidatd, per-
forata, ventricosd, tenuiusculd ; anfractibus paucis,
rapide crescentibus, inter varices purpureofuscis ;
varicibus numerosis, regidarihus, subrotundis ;
interstitiis angustis.

The imperlal Scalaria. Shell broadly pyramidal,
perforated, ventricose, rather thin ; whorls few,
rapidly increasing, purple-brown between the
varices; varices numeroixs, regular, rather rounded;
interstices narrow.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hab. Mozambique. Swan River, Australia.

The bright clear colour of the interstices between the
close white ribs, give a peculiar charm to this shell.

Scrdana I'l II.

Sowerby d(;l clUth

Viucciit. Brooks Day&Son.Imp

S C A L A R I A.

Plate II.

Species 7. {Via. a, d, Mus. Brit.)

Sc.\LAiil.\ TuiiTONls. Sea. testd hevi, pnllidi piirpiireii,
fasciis inter/tiptis, maculisque piirpureis vel fusris
varieffatd, imperforata, elniigatil ; anfractibus con-
tiguis numerosis, pmild coiivcds ; variclbus in-
wqyalibus, planiusctilis, decumhentibmt ; ad sutiirajii
paulo flevattH ; cipertiird subuvtUd, labia iiitcnw
crasso, rotmido.

Turton's ScALAlilA. Shell smootli, banded, pale purple,
variegated witli interrupted bands and spots of
purple or brown, imperforate, elongated ; wlioils
contiguous, numerous, a little convex ; varices
unequal, rather flat, decumbent, a little elevated
at the sutures ; aperhire subovate, inner lip thick,
rounded.

Ivisso .' Sowcrby's Thesaiu'us. .Scalaria, tig. 81).

lOG, 7, 8.

Scalaria planicostata, Bivou.

Hab. Coasts of Great Britain, and Mediterranean.

The •whorls are closer and less convex, and the ribs
flatter than in Scalaria communis. Besides the British
and Mediterranean varieties*, there is a rather doubtAd
one of dark colour found in the Philippines.

>pecies 8. (Mus. Brit.)

SCALAKIA BULLATA. Sca. tcstd albd, birfi, lata, venfi-i-

cosissimd ; anfractibus paucis, rotundatis ; varicibiis

tenuibus, incequalibus, obliquis, ad suttiram elevatis ;

aperturd magna ; iimbilico paiiso.
The bubble- shaped Scal.\iua. Shell white, short.

broad, very ventricose ; whorls few, rounded ;

varices thin, very oblique, elevated at the suture ;

aperture large ; umbilicus small.
SowF.iatY. Thesiiurus Conchyliorum, Scalaria, Sj). 4.j,

ti'j. ^7.
Hab. Nl. Cajiul. Philippines ; on coral-reels.

Spe

(Mus. Br

ScALAiiiA nAuicusT.\TA. Scu. tistd itlM, crassd, ca/i-
ccllatd, pyramidatd, vaitrirosii ; anfractibus convexis,
distinctis, rapide crescentibtts ; varicibus perpaiici.i,
iiurqualitcr <li.^tantibii.<:, rotundatis, crentilali.i.
crassis : apirturd majiLicnld ; labia interna antici
^ubcipan.-ni i umbilico niinnto.

TllK RAliE-HiBBEi) ScALAiUA. Shell wliite, thick, can-
cellated, pyramidal, ventricose ; whorls convex,
distinct, rapidly increasing ; varices very few,
unequally distant, rounded, crenulated, thick ;
aperture rather large ; inner lip anteriorly slightly
expanded ; umbilicus very small.

La.makck. Anini. s;,ns Vert. Sowb. Thes., fig. 7il, 8(1.

Hah. Cevhm.

Species lo. (Mus. Griiner, Brit, lic.)

SCALAI'.IA MAGXIFICA. Sfa. tcstd magna, elongatd,
piframidatd, albidd, anfractibus imiiurosis, linti-
cri'SCiutibtis, rotundatis, distinctis ; costis spiralibus
validis striisque concentricis interstitialibus can-
cellatis ; varicibus ad anfractus supeviores mi II is,
ad anfractus ultimas raris, arcnatis, intequidistan-
libiis ; aperturd subaurifurmi, cohcmclld sub-
tortud.

The magnificent Scalaria. Shell large, elongated,
pyramidal, wdiite, whorls numerous, slowly
increasing, rotinded, distinct; cancellated with
strong spiral ribs and concentric interstitial stria? ;
varices on the upper whorls none, on tlie last
whorls few, arched, inequidistant ; aperture partly
auriform, columella somewhat tortuous.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Sp. 78, fig. lu;J.

Turbo jtrincipidis, Chemnitz, not Pallas.

Ilab. China?

The specimens in the British Museum have not
attained the stage of growth at which the varices begin
to appear at all numerously.

SCALARIA.— Plate II.

Species 11. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

SC.\LA1!H VARICOSA. Sctt. tC'&td (Uh't, CVOSsd, VVf/is

nodulosis cancellatd ; anfrartibus distinctis, ultimo
infrdnpirah'ter carinato ; mturd,j)rofundd,freqtientei-
laminh extantibus interruptd ; varicibus rarissiinis,
crnssis, a-enulatig ; apertvrd rolundd, labio interno
siippj H infra expanso, rcfexa.

The varicose Scalaria. Shell white, thick, cancellated
with nodulous wrinkles ; whorls distinct, the last
spirally keeled below ; suture deep, frequently
interrupted with outstanding laniinte ; varices very
rare, thick, crenulated ; apertiire rounded, inner
lip expanded and reflected above and beneath.

Lamarck. Animaux sans Vertebres.

Scalaria fiinh-iata, Lamk. Enc. Met.

llah. Isl. Cnpnl, Luzon. &c., Philippine.s,

•^f-

w

Sralarta Pi. III.

W

S C A L A Vx I A.

Sin'cits \-2. (Mil-. Rrii,)

ScAi.Ai;iA I'lMNCirAi.ls. Sc(i. leslii (ill/,'i, iloii'jdti'i, im-
peiforald ; aiij'raclibits rotuiidati!'. iimii in '.</<:, roii-
tiguis ; varicihits subregvlariljii.-.; Inuiiimtis, ad
xuturam paiilo dilatatis, irreijiilitiitrr juni-lii.

Tin: riMNCKi.v SrALAlMA. Shell white, elongated, iin-
lierforate ; whorls roumh'd, nuiiieixms, contiguous;
varices rather regular, laminated, a little dilated
at the suture, irregularly joiiicil.

I'allas ? A[artini.

Scalarin costu/ata, Keiner.

Ilab. Xipixappi, 'West ColumVna, Cuming. California,
Cnrpenler.

The figure given by Pallas and copied by Martini is
apparently that of a larger shell than the specimen
figured in Sowcrby's Thesaurus; but in other respects
the characters acrree.

Species 13. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Sc

;.ai;ia fasciata. Sea. te.«li'i ulM, inter mviccs
spiralite?- fiisco tmi/a.'iciutt'i, ji'/raniidaUl ; anfracti-
bus rotundatis, vix contiguis ; varicibus aquidistanti-
bus, laminatii, extantibus, prnpc siituram in awjulum
acuminatum elevalis ; aperturd subovatd, labio cx-
temo ad suiuram excavato, turn approximatim
acuminato.

The banded Scalaiiia- Shell white, spirally single-
banded with lirown Ijetween the varices, pyra-
midal ; whorls rounded, liardly touching ; varices
equidistant, laminated, extant, raised into an
acuminated angle ; aperttire subovate, outer lip
excavated at the suture, then acuminated approxi-
mately.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Conch.,
Sp. 4, fig. 12, i;3.

Ilab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

This species differs from Scalaria alata in being

narrower, and in the shape of tlic varices and margin
of the aperture. In each species there is an angle on
the varix, but in Scalai-id fasciata it is much mon;
pointed and elevated than in Scalaria alata, and leans
towards the whorl. .

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAr.iA akgulata. Sea. tcstd subci/lindraced, alba,
obtiisa ; anfractibus scparatis, ovatis ; raricibus
subdistantibiis, crassis, prope suturam obttisi' an-
gulatis ; aperturd subovatd.

TuE ANOULAU ScALAiUA. Shell subcyliudrical, white,
obtuse ; whorls separated, ovate ; varices rather
distant, thick, obtusely angular near the suture,
aperture subovate.

Say. Boston American Journal.

Scalaria Hamphre!/siana, Keiner.

Hab. North America.

Species 1.5. (Mus. Brit.

ScALAUlA alata. Scu. tcsti'i alb'i, iiiirr varices malio
anfraclum latevnifasciatd, jiifraijiid,ili'i : anjniiiilni.-^
separatis ; varicibus lamhmtis, latis, (listaiitibt,s,
c.rtantiiais, fiii/i, rid: c.r/ia as':--, niKjiUatis ; aperturd
siilinr.ila. i/,ar,iiiir lal.l I , jt, mi ad SlUuram decUvi,
ticiii in alaiii aiaral'dain distautrr cxjianso.

The winged Scalauia. Shell white, broadly single-
banded in the middle of the whorls between the
varices, pyramidal ; whorls separate ; varices
laminated, broad, distant, standing out, expanded
above, angular ; aperture subovate, margin of the
outer lip sloped at the suture, then expanded in a
distant angle.

SowEKBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Ilab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Instead of the elevated point sloped towards thr
suture which is seen in Scalaria fasciata. the present

April, 1873.

SCALAIilA.— Plate III.

species has at the upper p;ii
expansion sloped oiit\v:irds.

Specie

10. (Mus. Brit.)
. Sea. testa pyru

■,l„l.i

pidUihJ, inter varices vmculis fasciisijur iiitcn-nptis
nuirmoratd ; varicibus laminatis, amjiintis, teiuiilnis,
.<up(nie obtuse anrjulatis, ad suturam declms.

Tm-; .M.UJBLED ScALAUH. Shell pyramidal, smooth,
jiale, marbled between the varices with spots and
interrupted bands ; varices laminated, narrow,
thin, obtusely angular above, sloped at the suture.

.Sowr,i;r,v. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1814. Thes. Conch., Sp. .3,

Hah. India.

tiuguished from Scalaiia alafa and ,S'<-.
ic marbled markings, and liy the nan
;ly angiilar whorls.

Speci

(:\Ius. Brit.;

The buttressed Scalaria. Slirll white, bluish between
the varices, short, thick, imperforate ; whorls
sloped, contiguous, anteriorly carinated ; varices
thick, prominent, obliquely continuous, expanded
in a raised angle near the suture.

SowEiniv. Proc. Zool. Soc. 184-1. Thes. Conch., Sp. 77.
tig. 127.

Ilab. Hayti, Peru.

,Ai:iA I'ViiAMiDALis. N<v/. t( xl'i iiIIkT, p//nimi(lal<i,
Hiibventricosa ; anfnictthiif: i/istinctis ; varicilms
sidAaminatis, cxtantibus, pi-ope suturam in amjuluin
aciituiii productis ; aperturd subroiundit, labia interna
(intice rejkxo. cuneato.
I'YRAMUiAL Scalaria. Shell white, pyramidal,
siroventricose ; whorls distinct ; varices somewhat
laminated, extant, produced into an acute angle
near the suture ; aperture rather rounded, inner
lip anteriorly rellected, cuneate.

KRin-. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844. Thes. Conch., Sp. 0,
tig. 4.

■ . Philipiiines.

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)
S(.:AL\r;L\ STATUMINATA. Scu. testd allii't^ inter varices
rirrnJei}, brevi, crassd, imperforatd ; anfractibus
ilcrliribus, rontii/uis, antic'e carinatis ; varicibus
i-r<issi.-<, promineniibus, ohliqvc continuis, prope
siilnrain in amjuium ilrvafuni i'jpiiiisis.

A

little shel

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALARL\ ri;EXATA. Sca. testi'i p!/raiiiidatd , imperf(.

palliJc fa.r.), miinUisiimi r/ranulafa ; aiifnu

infra su/ca/ana/ata .1 earina nruaia nnnyl,,,

The cren.wed Scalaria. Shell pyramidal, imperfi

lialc-brown, very minutely granulated ; w

contiguous, angulated and crenulated above a

suture, bordered beluw by a

crenated keel.
LiNX.EUS. (Turbo) Systema Natura;.
Hub. Portugal. West Indies.

pitti

Species 20. (.Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria Martinii. Sca. elerata, alb,), spiraliler
/iti-iitl''i : anfractibus numeivsis, rotuiidati.s, canti-
i/iiis ; raririhii.K perpaucis, rotundatis, crenotis, supra
infdinni /< ri/i r arcuatis ; aperturd subauii/iirrni.

Martini's Scalaria. Shell elevated, white, spirally
striated ; whorls numerous, rounded, contiguous ;
varices very i'ew, rounded, crenated. slightly
curved above the middle ; aperture a little auri-
form.

AVooD. Index Testaceologicus.

Scalaria striata, Keiner.

Scalaria raricosdata, (pars) Lamarck.

Hab. West Indies.

Resembles Scalaria raricastata in the rarity of the
varices, but is of a more elevated and graceful form.

Sca/arni I'l.lV

k

4

S C A L A R I A.

>l.oeic.sl'l. (Fig. -/, h, Mus. P,rit.)

ScAi.AuiA riULiiTiNAi:L-M. Sca. tcstA awnidi'i, jiijninii-
datil, inter varices fitlvd vcl castune'i, vel ointiiud
nihil ; a/ifiactibus nuinerosis. rotnndnti^ : van'cihus
all/is, distantihus, supcriw vl.r niii/idntis ; (i/i< rtiin'i
jxirvd, rotandntd.

The Pihlii'PI.nk Scai.aria. Shell narrow, pyramidal,
fulvous or chestnut between the varices, or entirely
white; whorls numerous, rounded ; varices white,
distant, very slightly angular above ; aperture
small, rounded.

SowEiuiv. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1«-I4.

Hnh. Philippines and And.oyn;i.

Species -22. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

SCAI.AltiA 0l!i:SA. Sea. teH'i linvi, lutd, vcntriroat'i, nl-
hidi'i, anfractihux piw.ri!', votundali.<, (:oiitiiji(i.-< ;
ultimo anfrarta vcntricaso, variciiii.< numerosif,
crassis, rotiiiidatis ; djicrliini suliovat'i, iiiargiiic
falvo.

TliK oliESE ScAi.AiiiA. Shell short, broad, vcntricose,
whitish, whorls lew, rounded, contiguous ; last
whorl veutricose, varices numerous, thick,
rounded ; aperture subovate, margin fulvous.

SowKKi-.v. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, No. 4, Scalaria,
Sp. 2:.. fig. 7.i, 71.

Ihib. Australia.

A very stout, short little species.

Species 2:3. (Mus. ]'>rit.)

i.AiiiA lyi;a. Sra. testa veatriroM, breviiiscuh'i,
piillidi' Julvi'i, spiraliter fulvo bi/asciai'j, ruricibus
angustissimis laminatig creberrime liratil, (iii/inelibits
rotundatis contirjuis ; apcrlurd aurijoniii.

A].:

The lvue Scai.aima. Shell veutricose, rather short,
pale-fulvous, spirally double-ljanded with fawn-
colour, very closely ridged with very narrow
laminar varices, whorls rounded, contiguous ; aper-
ture auriform.

SowEKi-.Y. Thesaurus C.mehyliorum, No. 4, Scalai-ia,
Sp. 27, fig. SI, 82.

Il<d,. I.sl. Mashate, Philippines ; H. Cumincr.

(Mus

L-lt.)

,Ai:iA immacl:lat\. Sfa. testd alhd, eloiu/ati}, s;;/;-
umldllraf,}, .y,indi/er.'<tn>it,) : aitfnvtibii.-f rotn,id,itis,

apt rliin! orutd.

IM.MA<T1,ATK SiAi.AUiA. Shell white, elongated,
subumbilicated, spirally striated; whorls roimded,
contiguous, crenuhited at the suture; varices
very thin, unequal, disappearing in the middle ..l'
the whorls ; ajierture ovate.

EfiBV. Zool. Proc. Thcs. Conch., Sp. 3',), fig. ."is.

. Catanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Spe

(Mus. Brit.)

ScAr.ARiA cnASSA. Sca. testd pyramidald, alhd, irrei/ii-
latiter tenuis.v'me varicosd, sttbiimbilicald ,■ mi/'nir-
libufi rtilviidati.-f, lente rre^centibun : a./inliifi sidj-
oi-atil, tnli'ht iiiliriio antic'e paulu crjian.-m. i-iiiiinln.

The thick Siai.aima. Shell pyramidal, white. irrrii:ularly
very finely varicose, slightly umbilicated ; whorls
rounded, slowly increasing ; aperture rather oval,
inner lip anteriorly a little expanded, cuueatc

SowEP.EY. Proc. Zool. .Soc, 1.S14. Thes. Conch., f :u).

Ilah. Philippines.

187:3

SCALAIilA.— Plate IV.

Species 20. (JIus. Urit.)

SCALARIA IRP.EGULARIS. Scd. teStd (llbd, tctiui, UiU-

hilicatd, pyramidatd; anfractibus rotvndatis, con-
tigvis ; varicibits tenuissiviis, nmnerosis, vregvlaribus,
ad suturam minute extantibns ; labia iritemo obliquo.

The IRREGULAR ScALARiA. Shell white, thin, umbili-
cated, pyramidal; ivhorls rounded, contiguous;
varices very thin, numerous, irregvilar, minutely
standing out at the suture ; inner lip oblique.

SowERBV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hub. Catanuan, Isl. Luzon. Philippines.

5pecii

(Mus. Brit.)

SCALARIA HEXAOONA. .9er(. Usti'l jilirfi'l, pl/ra7l)idai(1,

alba, imperforatd ; anfractibus paucis, coniigiiis;
varicibvs paucis, oblique contimds, crassis, distan-
tihus ; avert urd rotundatd.
The HEXAGONAL riCALARlA. Shell small, pyTamidal,
white, imperforate; whorls few. contiguous; varices

few, obliquely continued, thick, disUmt ; aperture

rounded.
SuwERi;r. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.
llab. Acapulca.

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)

SCALARIA UNIKASCIATA. Sca. tCStd pjiircii, idlii'i

foratd, angustd ; anfr

varices fusco unifasciatis ; varicibus jKiuci^, i;i'

cults, super aiifractus contimds ; apcrtiin'i jk

rotundatd.

The single-b.anded Scalaria. Shell small, white,
perforate, narrow ; whorls single - banded
brown at the suture between the varices ; vai
few, rather straight, continuous upon the who
aperture small, rounded.

SowERRV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Bab. West Indies.

This pretty little species is distinguished b}- a nar
brown band between the varices at the ujiper pai
the whorls.

with
iris;

Sail/7/i/i I'l Y

I

ViBLen; ii[i)i;V.;i IXiy & r-onlini

S C A L A R I A,

Specifcs2t>. (Mil-. lirit.)

.WAX FUAGins. iSca. testCt tcaui, nujusta, albd,
iiiiperforatd ; anfrartibus numerosLi, conti(jms :
varicibus numerosissimui, tenuibiis, luminatis, r.r-
tnntibiis, ad suturam conlimus : apertiird suhoodti'i.
Fi:,\iiiLE ScALAKiA. Shell thill, narrow, white, im-
[n^rfnrate ; whorls numerous, contiguous ; varices
very numerous, thin, laminated, extant, continued
;it the suture ; aperture rather uval.

i.i.r. Book of Species.

. St. Vincent's. West Indies.

."Species ;iO. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAitiA AL'RiTA. Sca. tcstd iinyusti'i, inter castas
pallid'e fulvd, fusco-riibescenti spiralitcr bifasciatd ;
anfractibus mcmfrosis, gradatim avsceiitibits ;
varicibus tcnuibus, arcualis, subdistaniibus, de-
cwnhentibus, ad suturam juncti% apcrturd sub-
ovatd ; labio interno antice angulatim e.rpaiiso.

The eared Scalaria. Shell narrow, pale fawn between
the ribs, spirally two-banded with reddish-brown ;
whorls numerous, gradually increased ; varices
thin, arched, rather distant, decumbent, joined at
the suture, aperture subovate ; inner lip anteriorly
angularly expanded.

SnwEKBY. Proe. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Conch., Sp. o's
fig. G2.

Hab. Coast of Coroniandel.

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria texui-costata. Sea. testd alba, t'ldnrntncosd,
tcnui, iiupeijhratd, anfractibus paucis, siibovatis ;
varicibus laminatis, tenuibus, extant ibus, ad suturam
angulatim elevatis ; apcrturd subovatd, labio externa
in angulum elevatum cxpanso.

The THiN-RiBiiED Scalaria. Shell, white, subvontricose

thill, im|,erl..i-:ULNl, wliorN few, rather oval ;

varices lainiiiateJ, tliiii, extant, raised angularly

at the suture; a|ii'rfiire rather ovate, outer lip

expanded into an elevated angle.
SowEiiiiY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.
//((/'. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

A pretty little characteristic species, with angular
varices.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria LiNEOL.vrA. Sca. testd pyravddntd, ventri-
cosd, pallide fulvd, inter varices spiralitcr bilineatd
vel bifasciatd, umbilicatd ; anfractibus pra-
minenle rotundatis ; varicibus numerosis, tenuibus,
rotundatis : npertuni xidiovntd. hibio intirno infn'i
angulato.

The LiNEOLATi; Scalaiha. Shell ]iyraniid.al, ventncose,
pale fulvous, spirally two-lined or two-banded
between the varices, unibilicated ; wliorls pro-
minently rounded ; varices numerous, thin,
rounded ; aperture subovate, inner lip angular
beneath.

So\\EitiiY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1814. Tlies. Conch..
Sp. 32, fig. 45, 46, 48.

Sridn?-iii trifasciata var., Keitier.

Hab. Philippines. Japan.

Species 33. (Fig, a, b, Mu.s. Sowerby.)

Scalaria clathrus. Sca. tc^td pi/ra/aidatci, ventricosd,
albd, inter varices nonnu>iqua?n fulvd vel fused,
imperforatd ; anfractibus paucis ; ultimo anfractu
iiifrd medium spiraliter unicostato ; varicibus
laminatis, latis, ad suturam jxmclis, super spij-am
oblique continuis.

The l.\ttice Scalaria. Shell pyramidal, ventricose,
white, sometimes fulvous or brown between the
varices, imperforate ; wliurls few ; last whorl

April, 1873.

SCALAKIA.— Plate V.

spirally single riblied bolow the middle; varices
laminated, broad, joined at the suture, continued
obliquely on the spire.

Linnaeus. Systema Naturse.

Scalaria lamelhsa, Lamarck.

Scalarin monocycla^ Keiner. (var.)

Hah. Mediterranean. West Indies.

Species 34. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
ScALAiM.4 CORONATA. Sca. tcstd vmtricosd, inter varices
maculis regularihus triseriatim dispositis ornatd,
imperforatd ; anfractibus numerosis, contirpiis ;
ultimo anfractu infra medinm spiraliter unicos-
tato ; varices laminatis, numerosis, latis, ad suturam.
Jwictis, super spiram ohliqu!; continvls.
The crowned Scalaria. Shell ventricose, ornamented
with regular spots disposed in three rows be-
tween the varices, imperforate ; whorls numerous,
contiguous ; last whorl spirally single ribbed
below the middle ; varices laminated, numerous,
broad, united at the suture, oblique, continued on
the spire.
Lamarck. Animaux sans Vertcbres.
Hob. West Indies.

More ventricose than Scalttiia rlathnis, and beau-
tifully ornamented by series of spots between the
varices.

Species 35. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria granulata. Sca. testa pyramidatd, minu-
tissime yranulat'i, fvlvA, rarissinie varicosd, alba
unifasciatd ; anfractibus declivibus, ad suturam
cmivlatis ; aperturd subtrigond, labia inta-nu
crasso, infra angulato.

The granulated Scalaria. Shell pyramidal, very
minutely granulated, fulvous, very rarely vari-
cose, with a single band of white ; whorls sloped,
crenulated at the suture ; aperture subtrigonal,
inner lip thick, angular beneath.

QuoY ET Gaimard. Voyage de FAstroIabe.

Hab. Swan River, Australia.

Species 3G. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria Georgettina. Sca. testd pyramidatd, alba,
tenui, imperforatd ; anfractibus contiijuis. rntun-
ddtis ; varicilms tenuibvs, rotundciti^. imiii/ ra.vi.i,
<iiii/ii.<li.<<imi.?. vix continuis ; apertuti'i m-dtn.

The (^EORGETTiNA ScALARlA. Shell pyramidal, wliite,
thin, imperforate; whorls contiguous, rounded;
varices thin, numerous, very narrow, scarcely
continuous ; aperture ovate.

Reiser. Iconographie.

Ilab. ?

The varices are more roundrxl than in Scalaria

Wm>

1

ScaUuia I'l ■ 17.

Viucont BrOi'ssto *Son l!i:

S C A L A R I A.

Species 37. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAlUA TENUIS. Scci. tcstil alba, teiiui, aiKjiistd ; spini
aitemiatd, anfraclibus brevihus, varicibus numerosis,
laminalis, tenuibus, obliquis, ad suturam migiilathn
aeulealis ; apertwd pai-vd, kibio (xtenio propi-
suturam angulattm aculeato.

Thk THIN ScALARiA. Shell white, til ill, luirrow ; spire
tapering, whorls short, varices numerous, laminated,
thin, oblique, angularly aculeatcd at the suture;
aperture small, outer lip angularly aculeated near
the suture.

SowEP.nY. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1811.

llab. West Indies.

Species 38. (Mui^. lirit.)

ScALARiA LAXATA. Sca. testd teiiui, laivi, albd, anfrac
tibus multd disjunctis, varicibus numerosis, tenuibus
vix regularibus, laminatis, simplicibus ; aperture
ovali.

The loosened Scalakia. Shell tliin, smooth, white
whorls much disunited, varices numerous, thin
scarcely regular, laminated, simple ; apertun

SowERiiY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.
Hob. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Species 39. (.Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria replicata. jSca. testa bred, albd, aiifractibus
sex, pauld disjunctis ; varicibus subdistantibus,
laminatis, replicatis, prope suturam in lobam
elevatam expansis ; aperturd mac/nd, subquadratd,
margine subexpanso.

The refolbed Scalaria. Shell short, white, whorls
six, a little disunited ; varices rather distant,
laminated, folded back, expanded into an elevated

lobe near the suture; aperture large, suliquadrate.

margin rather expanded.
SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.
Hub. Lord Hood's Island.

A well cliaracterizcd shell with varices curiously
Iblded back upon themselves.

Species 40. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Si'ai.aria Pallasii. Sca. testd pt/ramidatd, perforata,
inter varices pallide fulvd, vel fused ; anfractihus
septem, pauld disjunctis ; varicibus laminatis, pro-
minentihus, distantibus, rrgiilariter sequenfibiis,
prop!' suturam obtuse augulatis.

Pallas's Scai.aima. Shell ])yramidal, perforated, pale
fulvous, or brown between the varices ; whorls
seven, a little disunited ; varices laminar, pro-
minent, distant, following in regular sequence,
obtu.sely angular near the suture.

KiENER. Icon.

Scalaria principalis, Nonnul.

Hah. C'atannan, Pliilippines.

I shall describe further on in the monogi-aph the
larger shell, hitherto included as a distinct species,
under the name of S. neglecta. It has a larger whorl
and more numerous varices, with their angular points
more distinct.

Species 41. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria iiyalina. Sca. testd pyramidatd, albd, lari.
tenui, pel/ucidd; anfractibus muiti) disjunctis:
varicibus distantibus, laqueatis ; apierturd rotundaid,
ab ultimo anfractu separata, margine laqueato.

The in-ALiNE Scalaria. Shell pyramidal, white,
smooth, tliin, pellucid; whorls much disunited.

August, 1873.

SCALARIA.— Plate VI.

varices distant, liuted ; aperture rouuJed, separated

from the last whorl, margin fluted.
SowEBBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.
Hab. Cataiman, Isl. Luzon, PhiUppines.

Species 42. (Mus. Brit.)

ScM-.^RH 1)ENTICUL.\TA. Sca. tcstcl cilbij, ohlowjo-pyra-
midatd, Kpiraliter distaiiter inciso- striata ; spirA sub-
attenuatd, anfractibus contiguis ; varicibus oblique
neqiientibus, teiiuibus, numerosis, pvope mturam in
(kniem aculeatam parvam productis.

The denticulated Scalahia. Shell white, obloug-
jiyramidal, spirally distantly inci-sed, striated ;
.spire rather tapering, whorls contiguous ; varices
obliquely following in sequence, thin, numerous,
produced into a little aculeatud tooth near the
.suture.

SoWKHBY. The.saurus Conchylioruni. .Scalaria, Sp, 19,
ligs. 25, 26.

Hab. West Indies.

Sp.

(Mus. Brit.)

expansis ; apertura ovatd, margine antice angusto,
postice in alam acuminatam expanso.

The MUitiCATED Scalaria. Shell thin, white, elongated,
imperforated ; whorls contiguous, varices broad,
laminar, expanded into an acuminated wing near
the suture ; aperture ovate, margin anteriorly
narrow, posteriorly expanded into an acuminated
wing.

KlENEi!. Icon. pi. 4, fig. 11.

Scalai:ia muricata. Sca, testa tenui, alba, clongatd,
imperforatd ; anfractibus contiguis, varicibus latis,
laminatis, prope suturam in alam acuminatam

Species 44. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria miir^eformls. Sca. testa pyramidatd, alba,
tenui ; spird acuminata, anfractibus contiguis,
varicihvs numerosis, in lobam aculeatam parvam
prope suturam expansis ; aperturd ovatd ; labia
externa nd .iiitvram emarginato, turn aculeatim
lobato.

The -MITRE- formed Scalaria. Shell pyramidal, white,
thin ; s]>ire acuminated, whorls contiguous, varices
numerous, expanded into an aculeated small lobe
near the suture ; aperture ovate ; outer lip emar-
ginated at the suture, then sharply lobed.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hull, (niacomayo. Central America.

Very similar to the preceding, but with the varices
more numerous, narrower, and forming a smaller and
sharper point at the angle.

ScaUuia n.MI.

Vmcem Srooke Diy i Soujmi

SCALAR! A.

VII.

Species -l.'i. (Mus. Krit.)

ScALAiiiA uuiiiA. Scd. Icsld ulbi'i, bicvi, vciilricogd,
lenui, spiru pyriDnidatii , anfrartibus (piinquc, lulls ;
vwicibus ienvisshnis, 7mmerosi.'<, obliqtiirt. medio
fere obsoletis, ad siiturum paulo expniiKia.

I'^iE ouiuous ScALAi'.lA. Shell wliite, short, ventricose,
thin, s]iire pyramidal, whorls five, broad ; varices
very thin, nVMuerdUs, c.lili(nie, nearly olisoleto in
the middle, a little eNjianded at the suture.

Sowt:iMn. I'roc. Zoul. Soe., l.sll.

Hah. .'

The specimen in the Cum
this shell was originally de
complete.

1 Cabinet ir
:d was soni

Species 40. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

ScAI.AiilA ACUI.EATA. Sfa. tC'Sld pUII/ii, albi'l, aiKJKSld,

(infractibiis ocio, coittirjuis ; varicibiis: rrasmisridis,
f^ibdistanlibiis, sefpientibns ad sutwam emarginatis
turn in lobam pamam aculealam elevatis ; aperturd
ovatd, labio externo postice emaryinalo et luhato.

Thk aculeatkd Scalahia. Shell small, white, narrow,
whorls eight, contiguous; varices rather thick,
rather di.stant, following in sequence, emar-
ginated at the suture, thea elevated into a small
aculeated lobe ; aperture ovate, outer lip pos-
teriorly emarginated and lobed.

SoWERBT. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Ilab. Hongkong. Malacca. Phili])pines.

Specie

(Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Sc.\lauia tkifasciata. Sea. testa brevissimd, veiitnrosd,
inter varices aiireo-subfuscd, fasciis tribus spiral ibvri
oriiatd ; spird brevi,anfractibus paucis, veittrii-ot-is;
varicibus numerosis, incequalibiis, subrotvndis.

TiiK Tlii:i;K-liAXi.i;i> Si ai.aima. Shell very short
tricose, golden-brewnisli between the v:
ornamented with three spiral hands; spire
whorls few, ventricose ; varices numerous, um
rather rounded.

I)i: llAKN. 1

Ilab. iSIasbate, Philippines.

Very much shi
it resembles in tli

I- than Si-ahiria imjieria/i.-', wl
louring and varices.

Species 48. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

ScAi.AKiA oUTUSA. Sca. testd alM, pwrd, brcn, .<ub-
vntlriro^d ; spird hnriiisridd, npir,' ohtiiso, aii/htr-
tibiis /tiiiicis, contiijiii^, Viiriiihiis iiiiinrrosif, tfiiiiihit>,
sti/ierne oblusi; aiii/iiliiti«.

Tin; oiiTUSK SCALAKIA. Shell white, small, short,
rather ventricose ; spire rather short, apex obtuse,
whorls tew, contiguous, varices numerous, thin,
obtu-sely angular above.

Species 4',l. (Mus. Brit.)

ScAi.Ai.'i A ( i'i:vii.i N r.ATA. Siu. testd mbcylind raced, albidd,
.sjilid ubtusd, aiij'rartibits piiucis, ohloiKjis, amtii/ui.-;
i-dricibas curvi/iiiealis, simp/icibn.'^. upciiiird orntii.

TllK CI'I;\ILINEAR ScALARIA. Shell subcy lindrical,
whitish, spire obtuse, whorls lew. oblong, con-
tiguous, varices curvilinear, simple, aperture ovate.

Sowei;by. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Conch., f. a'.l.

Hah. Sansonati, Central America.

Specifc

SCALAIUA CONCINNA.

datd, spird mo

s5(l. (Mus.

Sca. testd pi
lerate dconld.

<dbi</d, pyrami
'/ actibus pauciK

August, 1873.

SCALAKIA.— Plate \

'■(iNfii/tu'.-'. rai'icibus numerosis, approxi7natis,crassms-

riiliif:^ niiiiplicibus ; apertura ovata.
The neai- Scalaeia. Shell small, whitish, pyramidal,

vpiie moderately elevated, whorls few, contiguous ;

varices numerous, close, rather thick, simple,

aperture ovate.
SoWEiiliv. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Tlips. Conch., IIl'. Iu!.
Ilah. Isl. Bohol. Philippines.

The 1

; close and numerous than

Spe

(Mus. Brit.)

Ihd, tmui, spii-a
rix contigziis,

^CAEAIMA OBLIQl'A. .>''(. t,^t'l Jin

(ittenuati'i, nn/nKiihus nj,ll
rancibus Db/u/iii'S, tniailuL
xuturam leviter amjulatis.
The (iHEiiirE SrALAiUA. Shell small, white, tliin. spir
attenuated, whorls .■blique. scarcely conti^niou:

varices oblique, numerous, slightly angular near

the suture.
SowEREV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1.S44. Tlies. ('ouch., tig. (i9.
Hah. ,'

More finely and obli([uely ribbed than Scalaria tenuis.

npecies

(Jlns. Brit.)

SCALARIA FiiiABlLis. ,S'c(7. testd ulba, p//rami(lat.ii.
temiissimd ; spird elevatd, anfracUbus contiipii.i,
conve.ris, varicibim fenuis.v'mis, densis, nd siitindin
ui'idealiir ; a/icrti/ri'i iDajiis'ndd, ora/d.

The brittle Scalaria. Shell wliite, pyranudal, very
thin ; spire elevated, whorls coutiguous, convex,
varices very thin, close, aculeatcd close to the
suture ; aperture rather large, ovate.

SowKKBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Couch., Hg. 74.

Hab. Swan Kiver, Australia. Lieut. C'ollii;.

The varices are extremely tliin and

ike.

Scalaria PL WI.

Sowertydelellith

A5iicent Brook Day 4 SoE.Imp

S C A L A R I A.

Species .

(Mus. Bi-it.)

ScALAitiA GUACiLis. Sen. tesh't parvii, altenuat'i, inter
varices fulvd, spirit vald'e elevatii, anfractibus con-
tif/uis, numerosin, varicilms albis, sequentibus, projie
suturam emarginatis et aculeatis.

The slender Scalauia. Shell small, attenuated, fulvous
between the varices, spire much elevated, whorls
contiguous, numerous, varices white, following in
sequence, emarginated and aculeated near the
suture.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1^44. Thos. Conch., fig. 33.

Ifiib. Dumaguete, Isl. of Negroes, Philippines.

Species .")4. (Mus. Brit.)

ScAEARiA CLATi[R.\TL'LA. «S'crt. tcstd parvd, (tlbi'i, teniti,
imperforatd, anfractibus numerosis, vix contigiiis,
varicibus numerosis, rotundatis, iiregularibiis, prope
suhiram subcmgidatis ; aperturd ovatd.

The CROSS-BARRED ScALARiA. Shell small, white, thin,
imperforate, whorls numerous, scarcely contiguous,
varices numerous, rounded, irregular, slightly
angular near the suture ; aperture ovate.

MoNT-iiGC. Testacea Britannica.

Ilab. Great Britain.

Species 00.

ScALARU usicosTATA. ,S'cof. tesld purvd, pyramidatd,
fuM, infra spiraliter uniliratd, anfractu ultimo
fusco bifasciato ; varicibus ad anfractum utrumque
und, sequmiti, suturd minutissime crenulatd ;
aperturd parvd, rntundd, raargine crasso, rotunda.

The one-ribbed Scalaria. Shell small, pyramidal,
fulvous, with a spiral ridge below, last whorl
with two brown bands ; varices, one on each
whorl following, suture very minutely crenulated ;
aperture small, rounded, n argin thick, rounded.

SOWERBY.

Hab. America.

This little shell is figured in Thesaurus Conchy lioruin
as a variety of the preceding, but as it has only one
varix on each whorl, and a small, round thick-lipped
aperture, it may be worthy of a separate name and de-
scription.

Species 5f;. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria linkata. Sea. testd solidd, pyramidatd, inter
varices purpureo-fuscd, spird elevatd, anfractibus
seplem, infra, spiraliter uniliratis oblitjuis, varicibus
albis, numerosis, simplicibus, rotundis, obliqvis ■
aperturd majusculd, fused.

The lineated Scalarl\. Shell sohd, pyramidal,
ptirple-brown between the varices, spire elevated,
whorls seven, with a spiral ridge below oblique,
varices white, numerous, simple, rounded, oblique ;
aperture rather large, brown.

Hub. N. America.

Species 57. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria albolln'eata. Sea. testd parvd, angusto-
pyramidatd, inter varices fusco-purpvred ; spird
elevatd, anfractibus octo, varicibus albis, numerosis,
crassiiisculis, medio obscure angulatis ; aperturd
parvd, rotundd.

The white-liked Scalaria. Sliell small, narrow,
pyramidal, brown-purple between the varices ;
spire elevated, whorls eight, varices white,
numerous, rather thick, obscurely angular in the
centre ; ajierture small, rounded.

SowERUY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Scalaria, Sp. (IS,
fig. .')2.

Hab. .'

Somewhat resembling Scalaria Pliilippinaruui but
with the whorls less separated and the varices slightly
angular.

SCALARIA.— Plate V]

Species 58. (Mus. Brit.) [

ScALAiMA INCONSPICUA. SiM. tctitd minutd, alhidi'i,hrevi, j
ventricosa, 'umbilicatd, spirdpyramidatA, anfractibus
pamis, rotundis ; varicihus numeivsis, tenuissimis,
(,bliquis; apeiiurd subquadratu, superne vix an-
yulata, labio iuteriw basi cohimella' anyulato.
The iNCONsi'icuocs Scalakia. Shell minute, white,
short, ventricose, umbilicated, spire pyraraidal,
whorls few, rounded ; varices numerous, very
thin, oblique ; aperture subquadrate, scarcely
angular above,
the columella.

SowKKBY. Thesauri

iig. 53.
llab. West Indies.

uier lip angular at the base by
L'ouchyliorum, Scalaria, Sp. 30,

Species 59. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
ScAi.AKiA turuicula. Sctt. testd angusto-pyramidatd,
umbilicatd; spiraliter minutissime striatd, inter
carices J'ulvo-rvbescenti, (infractibus numerosis,
cleuatis, contiguis ; varicibus Jrequeniibus, albis,
plerumque tenuibut:, nonnvlis crasdorihus : npertwa
ovati'i, parvA.
The TUiiiiicnLATED Scalai:ia. Shell narrow, pyramidal,
umbilicated; spirally very minutely striated.

reddish brown between the varices, whorls nu-
merous, elevated, contiguous ; varices frequent,
white, mostly thin, some thicker ; apertui-e ovate.

SowEiiBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Sp. 37, fig. G2.
Hob. West Indies.

spec

(Pi

b, Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria bicarinata. Sea. testd parvd, svbcylindraced,
inipierforata, albidd, angustd, miimtimme cancellatu,
spird elevatd, obtusd, anfractibus lateraliter rectius-
culis, atienuatis, xdtimo anfractu breviiisctdo, valide
bicarinato, sulurd foveohdd, aperturd purvA, sub-
quad ratd.

The BiCARiSATEii Scalaria. Shell small, subcyhndrical,
imperforate, whitish, narrow, very minutely can-
cellated, spire elevated, obtuse, whorls rather
straight-sided, attenuated, last whorl rather short,
strongly bicarinated, suture pitted, aperture small,
rather square.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Conch., Sp.
85, fig. 113, 114.

Hab. Dumaguete, Isl. of Negroes, Philippines.

Scaiima Pi.IX.

4

4

I

I

Vinceiil, Brooks Day &. tiCQ .uip

S C A L A R I A.

Species 01. (Mi

$rit.)

SoALAitiA VENOSA. Sca. testd pyramidatd, hvvi. acumi-
nati'i, imperjbratd ; anfvactibus prumineidibus, vir
conttgids ; varicibtis appjvximatis, cras^'iilsculis,
medio et infra roticiidatim rcflexis, sitperncaiifjulatis,
prope suturam angusiioribus ; aperturd rotundald ;
sutitiv foveolatd.

The veined Scalaima. Shell pyrainidai, smooth, acu-
minated, imperlbrato ; whorls prominent, scarcely
touching; varices close, rather tliick, roundly re-
flected in the middle and beneath, anguhir above,
narrower near the sutun> ; aperture rounded;
siiturc pitted.

SowEKBY. Thesaurus Conchyliurum, Sp. 2(;, fig. 72, 73.

Hab. West Indies.

The varices, being roundly reflected have a peculiar

vein-like apiiearauce.

Species G2. (Mus. Brit.)

Sc.\lakia Bfi.nfLvs. Sca. testd brevissimd, ventricosd,
imperforata, fulvd; spird brevi, anfractibus quinque,
rotundis, contiguis, vancibus subdistantibus, leviter
arcnatis, rotundis ; aperturd magna, ovato-rotundd.

The bulb Scalaria. Shell very short, ventricose, im-
perforated, fulvous ; spire short, whorls five,
rounded, contiguous, varices rather distant,
slightly arched, rounded; aperture large, ovate-
rounded.

SowERUT. Proc. Zool. Soc, l.s-14. Thesaurus Cou-
chylioruui, fig. 8.5.

Species (;:J. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria similis. Sca. testd alba, teiiui. subventricosd,
subtilissime spiraliter striatd, spird breviitsculd ,
anfractibus sex, contiguis, varicibus tenuissimis,
aperturd ohiiquc ovatd.

The SI5IILAU Scalaria. Shell white, thin, a little
ventricose, very minutely spirally striated, spire
rather short, whorls six, contiguotis, varices very
thin, aperture obliquely ovate.

SowEKisY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thesaurus Con-
chyliorum, Sp. 44, fig. 90.

Jlab. Philipi lines.

Species 04. (Mus. Saul.)

Scalaria rubroline.wa. Sca. testd subventricosd, pi:r-
foratd, fulvd, inter varices spiraliter rubro uno-
liihatd ; spird, breviusculd, anfractibus qvAnque,
contigxis ; varicibus numerosis, albis, moderate
arcnatis, simplicibus, aperturd intics aured, columella
obtuse angulatd.

TuE red-lined Scalaria. Shell rather ventricose,
perforated, light brown, with a single spiral red
line ; spire rather short, whorls five, contiguous ;
varices numerous, white, moderately arched,
simple, aperture golden within, columella ob-
tusely angular.

SowEKBv. Thesaurus Conchyliurum, Sp. oo, fig. 83, N4.

Uab. ?

Species G.J. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria MrLTicosT.\TA. Sca. testd parvd, fulcd, pyra-
midatd, anfractibus liaucis, apice obtuso, varicibus
albis, crassiusculis, mcmerosis, incequalibus ; aperturd
parvd, rotunda.

The MANY-RIBBED ScALARiA. Shell Small, fulvous,
pyramidal, whorls few, apex obtuse, varices white,
rather thick, numerous, unequal ; ajierture
small, rounded.

Sowerbt. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Ilab. Lsl. Corrigidor, Philippines.

August, 1873.

SCALARIA.— Plate IX.

Species Gli. (Mus. Brit.)

ScAL.-MM.^ MiNDOROENSis. Sca. testd albci, porvd, imper-
foraid, pt/ramidatd, spird elevatd, anfractibus
quinque, contigids, varicibvs incequalibus, numerosis,
rMmulis, simplicibus, aperlurd ovatd.

The Mindoro Scalaria. Shell white, small, imper-
forate, pyramidal, spire elevated, whorls five, con-
tiguous, varices unequal, numerous, rounded,
simple, aperture ovate.

S()WEi;p.Y. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1844. Thes. Conch., fig.

Hah. Puerto Gallero, Isl. Mindoro.

Species 67. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria catanuensis. Sca. testd pm-vd, brevi, fulvd,
mlmttissime spiraliter striatd, spird brevitlsculd,
anfractibus septeni, varicibus ininuti.<siiiiis, termis-
simis, una ualidd prope apei-tiiram dorso coii-
spinid.

TuE catanuan Scalahia. Shell small, short, brown,
very minutely spirally striated, spire rather
sliort, whorls seven, varices very minute, very
thin, one strong conspicuous on the back near
the aperture.

SowERT'.Y. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Tliesaurus Con-
chyliorura, Sp. 43, fig. 93, 94.

//'(//. ('atanuan, Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Species G8. (Mus. Brit. )

Scalaria pulcuerrima. Sca. testd parvd, brevi, ventii
cosd, inter varices fusco-pupiired ; spird brevi,
anfractibus sex, varicibus numerosis, propinquis,
obiiquis, albis, ad suturam acwninatim lohatis :
aperturd ovatd, ad suturam lobatd.

The vert beautiful Scalaria. Shell small, short,
ventricose, brownish-purple between the varices ;
spire short, whorls six, varices numerous, near,
oblique, white, acuminately lobed at the suture ;
aperture ovate, lobed at the suture.

Sowerby Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Conch., Sp.
58, fig. 9l'.

Ilah. Duniaguete, Isl. Negroes, Philippines.

Species (59. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalalaria creberrima. Sca. testd parvd, paliide
tjrised, acumitiatd, Icevi, imperforatd, anfractibus
paucis, rotundis; varicibus numenisissimis, Icevibus,
paululiim prominentibus ; apeiturd subrotundatd,
labia interna late reflexn.

The close-ribbed Scalaria. Shell small, pale grey,
acuminated, smooth, imperforate, whorls few,
rounded ; varices very numerous, smooth, rather
prominent ; aperture rather rounded ; inner lip
widely reflected.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843. Thesaurus Conchy-
liorum, Species 5G, fig. 95.

Hab. New Guinea.

r;

Scalaria Fl.X.

Vi,^

m

^

(>

fe

etiy del ellith

%Kent Brooks Bay & r.on, Imp.

S C A L A U I A,

Fig. 45, /'. Mus. Brit. A much more fully developed
shell than that figured in the seventh plate.

Species 70. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAKiA MlNOl!. Sca. tcsl/i turritd, (p-acili, pallide
fitho spiraliter hifasciatd ; sjiira cloiujatd ; arifrac-
tibus nbliquis, jirominentibtis, siipi-d siiba^iffii/ntiif,
infra spiraliter nnicostatis, infra cosiam castaneis,
longiindiiialiter oblique et arcuatim lirutis.

The minou Scalaria. Shell turreted, narrow, with
two spiral bands of pale brown ; spire elongated ;
whorls oblique, prominent, slightly angular above,
with a single spiral rib at the lower part, chest-
nut below the rib ; longitudinally obliquely and
sinuously ridged.

SOWERBY.

Acrilla gracilis, A. Adams.
ffab. Mouth of the Indus.

The name gracilis having been already applied to
another Scalaria, cannot be applied to the present
species if included in the genus. Would it not be bettor
in separating small groups from old genera, to avoid
using specific names already applied to shells belong-
ing to those genera ? A crilla may be a very good
genus, but its adoption should be left optional, by
not using a specific name already occupied in the old
genus.

Species 71. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria atti:xuata. Sca. testa parvd, angnstd, al-
bidd ; spird elongatd, atte7iiiatd ; anfractibus aids,
obscui-issime biangulatis et nodofis, siituris crenu-
lato, foveolatis ; idtiiao anfractu niagis pronnmnti,
distincte nodoso-biangulato : apirturd rotvndd,
labia exierno C7-asso, expanse.

The attenuated Scalaria. Shell small, narrow,
whitish ; spire elongated, attenuated ; whorls

elevated, very obscurely biangular and nodose,
suture crenulated, pitted; last whorl more pro-
minent, distinctly nodosely biangukited ; aperture
rounded ; outer lip thick, e.xpanded.

Pease. ?

Ilab. Sandwich Islands.

This species very nearly resembles Scalaria bica-
rinata, Sowerby. It is, however, narrower and more
tapering, and the keels on the last whorl arc nodose
and much less distinct.

Species 72. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria Bairdii. Sea. testd ^xirvd, subcoeruled, lavi-
gald, pyramidatd ; anfractibus novem, altis, media
Icevigatis, supra infrdque plicatis ; plicis ad sii-
turam in nodes elevatis, interstitiis foveolatis :
aperturd parvd, ovatd, labia externa rotunda.

Baird's Scalaria. Shell small, bluish, smooth, pyra-
midal; whorls nine, elevated, smooth in the
middle, plicated above and below ; plaits raised
into knobs at the suture, interstices pitted ; aper-
ture small, ovate, outci- lip rounded.

Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1.S71.

Hab. Whydah, South Africa.

This pretty little species is among some very inte-
resting shells brought by Captain Knocker from South
Africa, and described by Mr. E. Smith of the British
Museum, whose advent we welcome as a working con-
chologist.

Species 73. (Mus. Brit.)
Scalaria Miranda. Testd parvd, subvmtricosd, fulvo-
subca:ruled, inter varices spiraliter tenuissime
striatd ; spird acuminatd, anfractibus octo, rotundis,
ultimo anfractu subinflato ; varicibus creberrimis,
tcmiissimis, laminatis ; aperturd ovatd, columella
erased, arcuatd, labia extcrno tcnui.

SCALARIA.— Plate X.

Ti!t woNDERFL'L ScALAiiiA. Shell Small, subveutricose,
lulvous-greyish, very finely spirally striated
between the varices ; spire acuminated, whorls
eight, rounded, last whorl somewhat inflated ;
varices very close, very thin, laminar ; aperture
ovate, columella thick, arched, outer lip thin.

Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1873.

Hah. Whydah, South Afiica.

Another addition to the ScalaricB from the same

sources as the preceding species.

Species 74. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

ScALAUiA ACUJiiNATA. Scd. tesU'i donrjotd, imperforatd,
ncuminatu, pallidi fulvd, spiraliter fusco bifas-
f-kttd ; anfractibus quindecim, pauld convexis,
antice carinatis ; varicibus numerosissimis, cre-
berrimis, eleganter curvis ; upertura longiiisculd,
liibio externa tenui, cohimcUd suhcomplanatd, ar-
ruatd.

The ACUMINATED ScALAiUA. Shell elongated, imper-
forated, acuminated, pale fulvous, with two brown
spiral bands ; whorls fifteen, little convex, anteriorly
keeled ; varices very numerous, very close,
elegantly curved ; aperture rather long, outer lip
thin, columella flattened, arched.

SowEi'.BY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hub. Malacca.

The specimens from which figs, a and b are drawn

differ so much in their jiroportions, that the writer has

felt almost inclined to assign a new specific name to fig.

'(. Still we find other species varying in nearly the

same degree.

Species 75. (Mus. Brit.)
.AiiiA Bor.EALis. Sctt. tc'std crcissd, albidd pT/rami-
ibild, latiusculd ; anfractibus octo, antice obtuse
r/irii/atis, ad laterd rectiusculis, infra carinam
.•iiihcoinplanatis ; varicibus paucis, rotundis, indis-
tinctis, iiicequalibiis, irregularibus, nonnullis medio
subi'vanidis, ad suturum subnodosis ; aperturd siib-
i/nadndd, labio externa crasso, rotunda, columelld
i-cctiitfculd, antice subeuneatd.

The BOREAL ScALAP.iA. Shell thick, whitish, pyramidal,
rather broad ; whorls eight, anteriorly obtusely
keeled, rather straight at the sides ; a little flattened
below the keel ; varices few, rounded, indistinct,
unequal, irregular, some partly disappearing in the
middle, somewhat nodose at the suture ; aperture
si(uari.sh, outer lip thick, rounded; columella
rather straight, ratlier ouneate in front.

GoULii. ?

Hab. Vancouver's Island.

A thick-set irregularly formed species.

Species 70. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALARiA Mop.CHi. Sea. testd parvd, imperforatd, at-
tenmitd, (iHiiil'i. u/iire fnlva ; anfractibus octo, ele-
vatis, kcrihiis. r<i/is.<ime varicosis ; apeHurd avatd,
colunii lid iKiri-'i, olillqtid.

Miiiicn's ScALAKL\. Shell small, imperforated, at-
tenuated, whitish, apc.x fulvous ; whorls eight,
raised, smooth, very rarely varicose ; aperture
ovate, columella small, obli(iue.

Anga.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871.

Hab. Port Jackson.

Species 77. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALARiA POLITA. Sca. tcstd tcnui, poLitissiud, elaiigatd,
pallidc grised ; anfractibus numerosis, convexius-
cidis : varicibus subnumci-asis, temribus, medio an-
fracturam obsolctis ; aperturd siibelonfjatd, labio
externa tenui.

The POLISHED Scalaria. Shell thin, very polished,
elongated, pale grey ; whorls numerous, rather
convex ; varices rather numerous, thin, obsolete
in the middle of tlie whorls ; aperture a little
lengtliened, outer lip thin.

SowEP.BV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hab. Xipinappi, West Columbia.

A pretty little species in which the varices, forming
a little curved node at the suture, tliin out and dis-
appear towards the centre of the whorl.

ScaUma PI XI

m

W)

Vincent B;ooksl'iy4,Soii,lmr

S C A L A R I A,

Species 78. (Miis. Brit.)

Sc.\L.\i!I.\ MODESTA. Sca. tcsta parvd, imperforatd, vat-
tricosd, pallid!; fuh'djhredhsculd ; anfractibusseptem,
conveariilsculis, varicilms paucis, lamviiformilnis,
simplicibus ; aperUird siihrotiindd, lahio cxtcrno
crassiu.<cuUi.

The MdDivST ScAi.AKi.v. Sliell small, imperforated,
ventriL'ose, pale fulvous, ratlior short ; whorls
seven, rather convex, varices few, laniiniform,
simple; aperture rather round, outer lip rather
thick.

C. B. Ad.xms. Sliells of Jamaica.

Hab. Jamaica.

Species TO. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALARl.\ PUSIILA. Sca. tfstd minutd, breviusculd, im-
perforatd, ventricosd, pallide fidrd ; anfractibus sex,
rotundatis, distiiictis ; varicibiis i-rasaiitsculis, ro-
tundis, approximatis ; apertwd rotnndd.

The nwAKF Scai.aria. Sliell minute, rather short,
imperforate, ventricoso, pale fulvous ; ■vvhorls six,
rounded, distinct ; varices rather thick, rounded,
appro.ximate ; aperture rounded.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Ilnh. Jaiian.

The whorls are more distinct and rounded th;
cedaria c/athrus.

Species 81. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAltiA Indianoiu'm. Sca. iestd ])yramidatd, nlbd,
imperjhratd ; spird elevatd, anfractibus deiein,
rotiindis, distinctis ; varicibus nuinerosis, rotiindis,
(npiidiftantibus, cBqualibvs, prope suturam obtmc
aii.pilalls; aperturd si'bfolmidd, r„h,m,'!ld i„/rd
xnbrmnvtd.

The Ixdi.\n's Scalaiua. Shell pyramid.al, white, im-
perforate ; spire elevated, whorls ten, rounded,
distinct ; varices numerous, rounded, equally
distant, equal, obtusely angular near the suture ;
aperture ratlier round, columella rather cuneatc
below.

CAitrENTEi;. !

Hub. Vancouver's Island.

Species 80. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAHiA JuKESiANA. Sca. tcstd parvd, albd, imper-
jhratd, spird elevatd ; anfractibus novem, ad
siiJ'iram distinctis, varicibus 7iwnerosis, sublaminatis,
firii a;qu<iUbu.i, aperturd oratd, labia externa
tenuiiiitculo, columella arcimtd.

Juke's Scalakia. Shell small, white, imperforate, spire
elevated ; whorls nine, distinct at the suture,
varices numerous, rather laminar, nearly equal ;
ajierture ovate, OTiter lip rather thin, columella
arched.

Forbes.

Ilab. Broken Bav, New South Wales.

Species 82. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAiiiA Magellanica. Sca. tcstd albd, breviitsadd,
salidd, subventricosd, imperforatd, turritd ; spird
elevatd, anfractibus altis, scalatis, distinctis, antiri
costd inconspiciid spirali cinctis ; vaiicibus enui-
siiisculis numerosis, prop!: suturam in angidmn snb-
rotiindum curvis ; apeiiurd subquadratd, labia
externo postice angulato ; columelld anticc cuneatd.

The Magellan Scalaria. Shell white, rather short,
solid, subventricose, imperforate, turreted ; spire
elevated, whorls high, ladder-like, distinct, girt
with an inconspicuous spiral rib anteriorly ;
varices rather thick, numerous, bent in a roundish
angle near the suture; aperture rather square,
outer lip posteriorly angular ; columella anteriijrly
cuneated.

PiULirri. .•"

Hab. Straits of Magellan.

Belonging to the same group as Scalaria aii:<trali,-:,

but with the whorls fewer, shorter, and more rounded.

SCALARIA.— Plate XI.

Species So. (Mas. Brit.)

ScALAniA EsCHRiCHTi. Scd. Ustd pi/ratindatd, jiaUide
ijriseo-fulvd ; spird elevatd, acuminata, anfractibus
octo, vix convexis, ultimo magno, ventricoso, antice
anijulato, varidhus nullis, aperturd uuKjitd, vtrinque
acuminaid; labia externa tenui.

KscHFtiCHT's ScALARiA. Shell pyramidal, pale grey-
fulvous ; spire elevated, acuminated, whorls eight,
scarcely convex, last large, ventricose, anteriorly
angular, varices none, aperture large, acuminated
at each end ; outer lip thin.

HOLHOLI. ?

Hab. Greenland.

Of a similar form to Sralaria tjraimlosa, but much
lighter in texture and less compact.

Species 84. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

SCALARIA DiADEMA. Sca. testd soUdd, brevi, ventricosd,
pallide fulvd, vel subcai-uled, Iceviyaid; spird brevi,
(ibtusd, scalatd ; anfractibus qiiadratis, superni
(ingulatis, infra costd conspiaid earinatis, coslis
rotundis, crassis, longitudinalibus prape suluram
nodosis sculptii, ultimo nonnunquam planulato,
rostis langitudinaUbus nullis.

The diadem Scalaria. Shell solid, short, ventricose,
pale fulvous or greyish, smooth ; spire short,
obtuse, ladder-like ; whorls quadrate, angular
above, keeled with a conspicuous rib below,
j^culptured with rounded, thick, longitudinal ribs
nodose near the suture, the last sometimes flattened,
without longitudinal ribs.

SdWERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Species 89, fig.
121, 122.

J[fib. St. James's Island, Gallapagos.

Species 85. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria optabilis. Sca. testd parvd, brevissimd, ven-
tricosd, albidd, inter varices regulanter piallide
bimaculatd ; spird brevi, anfractibus paucis, ultimo
anfractu ventricoso, varicibus rotundia, (pgiia/ibus,
subdistantihis ; aperturd suhovatd.

The desirable Scalarla. Shell small, very short,
ventricose, whitish, with two pale regularly placed
spots between the varices ; spire short, whorls few,
last whorl ventricose, varices rounded, equal,
rather distant ; aperture subovate.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Uah. — ?

A remarkable jiretty little species.

(.Species 8G. Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria casta. Sca. testd parvd, acuminatd, albd ;
anfractibus octo, moderate convexis, suturd dis-
tinctd ; varicibus nnmerosis, inceqiialibus, nonmdlis
crOtSsiitscuUs, ad suturam subnndosis ; aperturd
ovald.

The chaste Scalaria. Shell small, acuminated, white ;
whorls eight, moderately convex, suture distinct ;
varices numerous, unequal, some rather thick,
slightly nodose at the suture ; aperture rather
oval.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc,

Hab. Japan,

In appearance rather resembling Scalaria Philippi-
narum, but the varices are much more numerous and
some of them laminar.

Scalana. FLXIi

i

4

t)

Sowerbv.dd et-bUi

^com. BrooksDay i 5oiL."&iip

S C A L A R I A.

Plate XII.

species 87. (Mus.

copied.)

ScAL.MiH KxiMi.v. Sea. test'i parvd, pulliile futrd,
spiraliter inter castas struitd, /n/raniidatd, anjhw-
tibus (/eccm, lottimlis, confiyaUUms ; var'nihus
regularibus, Itevibus, su/ierui) anguhitis, ad ainjiilinn.
in spiruiii am tarn proiluctis.

TiiK ciioicK ScAi.AiilA. Shell small, pale fulvous,
spirally striated between tliu ribs, pyramidal,
whorls ten, rounded contingent; varices regular,
smooth, angular above, jiroduced into an acute
spire at the angle.

Apams am. I:i:i;m;. Voy. Samarang. Moll, vol. xi. f. 10.

If„l,. .'

Species 88. (Fig. a, h, .Mas. I'.rit.)

ScALAUlA vfi.riXA. Sea. testa jiavvd^ aeindatd, fiisro-
rubescenti ; s/nrd aatiiiinati'i, atij'ractihus distiiictis,
."piraliti r striatis; ecslispaiiei.<. irreijidaribus. crat:,<is,
lotundls : vilimo an/'raetii infra raiinatn : apcrtti ii1
orati'i. lahio exteiiio erasso.

TllK lo.w ScAi.AiMA. Shell small, aciculated, reddisli-
brown ; sjiire acuminated, wliorls distinct, spirally

\vli..rl k.cled below; aiierlin-e ovate, outer lip

tliick.
IliNos. l"n.c. Zool. Soc, 18-13.
//'/?/. Malacca.

Species 89. (Fig. (/, b, :\Ius. Urit.)

.ScAi.Al.iA DiAXi-. Sra. test,', /larn,, <dl,!d,}, vciitn'cas,},
lar'i; anfniria vilimo infra ,;i,ii„ila; mri':ibus
jKHiris, laiiiiiialis, aiKjulatini hili , .rpniisis.

t)lAN.\'s ScAl,Ai:iA. Shell small, whitish, ventricose,
smooth ; last whorl keeled below ; varices few,
laminar, angularly, broadly expanded.

liiN'DS. Proc. Zool. Soc, 184o.

Hah. Auiboyna.

A most wonderful little
qiansiuns of llic varices.

Siiecies DO

(Mus. Brit.)

"N/,; rlowjald, adu',, spindi-

SCAI.AI;IA CnCIlIJ-A. >C(/.

trr siilralf anfrarldnis nrfo, prowiurafdn,,, srprru.;
ndidi ,ni,i,d,ilis, l„i,,ld,i,lin,dlhr r,>,/r//is vn.didalis
enbn's rirjulis ; idtlino aifrarln infra earinalo ;
caririha, pau.is. dislantilms. ma.jnis, snpcrnc an;/a-
lalis.

Tilt: siAiii.Asi: S.Ai.AKiA. Shell ehmgatrd, white,
sj.irally suU'ated, whorls eight, prominent, with a
strong angle above, wrinkled with numerous
undulating riblets; last whorl keeled beneath;
varices few, distant, largo, angular aliove.

SowKiM'.v. Proc. Zuol. Soc.

JI,dj. West Cotist ,.f Africa.

rala

le broad

Species HI. (Mtis. 7 copied.)

ScAl.AiUA l'i:i:cLi;.\A. Sea. testd p>/ramidatd, adn'i,

unfnirlihiis snprii. p.dlidi' cas'nnn, nnifisriald ;

r,niri/,„s n,tnndi.<. I.rrihns, snhdiflunlilni,:
Till; 1'i;i:plexi;i> Scalaiiia. Shell pyramidal, white;

wliorls single-handed above witli pale chestiuit ;

varices rounded, smooth, rather distant.
Phase. Desh. t'.nicli. Pcuiiion, p. GO, PL 8, f. 1.
Ifab. Isl. Bourbon.

Species 'J2. (Mus. Jeifreys.)
Scalahia Tin:vKLYANA. Sra. Irst,) pi/randdald, fulrd,

nfractibus derint, canjunetis, nwdcral^'

October, 1873.

SCALAEIA.— Plate XII.

varicihas numerosis, planulatis, leviter tircuntis,
albescentibiis ; ad suturam lobatis ; aperturA suh-
ovata, labio externa albo.

Trevelyan's Scalaria. Shell pyi-amidal, fulvous,
whorls ten, united, moderately convex; varices
numerous, flat, slightly arched, whitish ; lobed at
the suture ; aperture subovate, outer lip white.

Leach ?

Hab. Great Britain.

Species 93. (Mus. ? copied.)

ScALARiA LACTEA. Sctt. tcstd mi'nutd, ttlbd, pyramidatd,

anfractibus novem ; varicibiis numerosis, laininatis,

extantibiis, haud contimiis.
The milk Scalar: a. Shell minute, white, pyramidal,

whorls nine ; varices numerous, laminated, extant,

not continuous.
Krauss. Sudafrikanischen Mollusken.
Hab, South Afi-ica.

4

Scalwm F/.XIII.

VmLPDi-liifjOjiisDiyX San, Imp

S C A L A R I A.

Species 94. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAiiiA cnASSicosTATA. Sen. tc/sta parvA, a/i'tl,
anfractibiis paucis ; suttird distinctd, Jove
ultimo aiifractu infrd, obscure carinato ; va
paucis, cnissis, rotundis, Icevibus, suhdistantib

The TiiicK-uiniiED Scalaria. Shell small,
short ; whorls few ; suture distinct, pitted
wiiorl obscurely keeled below ; varices few,
rounded, smooth, ratlier distant.

So\vi.:i:by. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Sp. 8;1, fl;,'.

H„h.- ?

hnvi ;
olaU'i ;
rictbus

Not unlike Sralari
lower keel niueh less

Anstralis, but with the rib.s
ftined.

Species 95. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALAiUA CDNN'KXA. Scfi. Ic!<li( niiniit'i, siibn/liiidriiy'i

inter foi^liix pallide purpurea ; spira ubtusd .

varicibus ohliijuis, laminatis, albi.-:, cnbrif:. coii-

nexis.
The connected Scalaiiia. Shell small, subcylindrical,

pale purple between the ribs ; spire obtuse ;

varices oblique, laminar, white, close, connected.
SowEKKT. Proe. Zool. Soc, 1844.
I/ab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Species 9G. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria ovalis. Sea. testa minutu, crassd, ovati'i,
albidd, intercostas ccended; anfractibiis quinque,
contiguis, hand promimntibus ; varieibus paucis,
crasms, supra suturam elevatis ; apcrturd auriformi,
margine expanse.

TuE OVAL Scalaria. Shell minute, thick, ovate,
whitish, bluish between the ribs ; whorls five,
contiguous, not prominent ; varices few, thick.

elevatfd above the sufur

margin e.xpamli'd.
SoWEinn. Proe. Zool. Snc, isl-
Hab. Cagayan, Isl. Mindoro, PI

auntorm.

Si)eeies 97. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria sulcata. Sra. ti ^Id c/nui/nfd, nciimiuafii,
tcuui, alhd, miniitr .^/.Indil.r .<ln„l,1 ." spird ari.u-
htt,!: sulurddistiurlu : nirlrih„.< num. n>.-<is, l,nn!-
n„li,.t.nuihus.

Tin: sCLCATKi. ScAi.AiMA. Sh.'ll elongatrd, acuminated,
thin, white, minulely spirally striated; spire
aciculated ; suture distinct ; varices immerous,
laminated, thin.

SowERBV. Proe. Zool. Soc, 181 1.

Ilab. Catanuaii, Isl. Luzon, Philippines.
A most delicately sculptured little shell.

Species 98. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria acicclina. Sea. les/d purvd, chijunter
aciculaid, inter varices purpureo-fuscd ; anfrac-
iibus nunicrosis, convcxiuscuUs ; varieibus albis,
subdistnntibus, tcnuibus, rotundis, superne fere
angulutis, continnis.

The needle Scalaria. Shell small, elegantly acicular,
purple-brown between the varices ; whorls nu-
merous, rather convex ; varices white, rather
distant, thin, rounded, nearly angular above, con-
tinuous.

Hinds. Proe. Zool. Soc, 1813.

llab. America.

Species 99. (Mus. Brit.)
Scalaria glabr.\ta. Sea. ^^^^ piirauiidutd, (leuininatil,
nitenti, inter varices nuieulia trdi/is pallide fuseis
manmiratd ; varieibus ininjiialibus, sequcntibus,
albis ; suturd profandd.

October, 1873.

SCALARIA.— Plate XIII.

The shining Scalaria. Shell pyramidnl, acuminated,
shining, marbled between the varices with three
pale brown spots; varices irregular, following,
white ; suture deep.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Sec, 1843.

Hah. Maccassar. Malacca.

brown,
forate ;
oduced

Species 100. (Mus. ?)

Scalaria Novangli^. Sea. testa parvajmai, sp
minute striatd, fere imperfomtd ; apice atti
vaiicibus tenuilnis, ad siitiii-am acmninati
diictis.

The New England Scalaria. Shell small,
spirally miniitely striated, nearly imper
apex attenuated ; varices thin, sharjjly pr
at the sutiu-e.

CouTHOY. Boston Journal of Science.

Hab. ?

Sjiecies 101. (Mus. Brit.)
Scalaria vestalis. Sea. testa parva, albo-cairulescenti,

breviter pijramidatd ; spiraliter mimitissime striatd ;

anfractibus rotundis, varicibus shnplicibus, minutis;

aperturd ovatd, majusculd.
The vestal Scalaria. Shell small, bluish white,

shortly pyramidal ; spirally very minutely striated ;

whorls rounded, varices simple, minute ; aperture

ovate, rather large.
Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1813.
Hab. New Guinea.

Species 102. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria Elenensis. iSca. testa parvd, albd, breviter
pyixmiidatd ; anfractibus paucis, siilurd profundd ;
vancibus pei-paucis, continnis, si7n2jlicibus, ad
suturam subplicatis.

The St. Elena Scalaria. Shell small, white, shortly
pyramidal ; whorls few, suture deep ; varices very
few, continuous, simple, slightly plaited at the
suture.

SowEUBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hab. St. Elena, West Columbia.

A curious little white species, with the varices very
far apart, about six in a volution.

Sjiccies 103. (Mus. ? copied.)

Scalaria maculosa. Sea. testa elongatd, pyratiudatt'i,
acwiiinatd ; inter variees jmrpureo viuenlatd :
varicibus regularibus, superne angulatis, aperturd
ovatd.

The spotted Scalaria. Shell elongated, pyramidal,
acuminated; spotted with purple between the
varices ; varices regular, angular above, aperture
ovate.

Adams and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, Moll. PI. XL f. 14.

Uah. ?

Between each varix there is an arranged ornamen-
tation of purplish spots.

ScalaiiaFLXlV.

t

I

IOJ«

^fciccnt Brooks Day it 5on Imp

S C A L A R J A,

Species 101. (Mus. Brit.)

SCALARIA SUTUr.ALIS. ifca. tcnt't (llU/tlstu, aCUtllilKltd,

impfi-ft/ratd ; spiraliter minute striata, alhidd, medio
anjractuum fused ; anfractibus contiguis, suhcmii-
pressis, ad svturam carinatis, sulcatis ; varieihus
raiissiviis, rotundis.

The sutuued Scalaria. Shell narrow, acuminated,
imperforate ; spirally minutely striated, whitish,
brown in the middle of the whorls ; whorls con-
tiguous, rather compressed, keeled at the suture
and grooved ; varices rounded, very infrequent.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1813.

Hah. Malacca.

A Turril€Ua-Vi\i.ii species, deeply grooved at the
suture.

Species 105. (ilus. Brit.)

Scalaria subtilis. Sea. testd pared, aiujustd ; inter
varices spiraliter minutissime striatd, fused; an-
fractibus contijuis, lente crescentihus ; varicibus
laminatis, crehris, minute crcnulatis.

The subtle Scalaria. Shell small, narrow, spirally
very minutely striated, brown ; whorls contiguous,
slowly increasing ; varices laminar, close, minutely
crenulated.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hab. Isle Caminguing and Corregidor, Philippines.

A most delicately sculptured little species.

ecies IOC. (Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria fcsca. Sea. testd elevatd, acuminatd, elongatd,
imperforatd,fused,Jlammiscasta}>eislongitudiHalibus
jnetd, spiraliter tenuissim'e striatd ; anfractibus
novem, subrotundis ; ultimo infrd obscure carinato.

The p.rown Scalaima. Shell elevated, acuminated,
elongated, imperforate, brown, painted with longi-
tudinal flames, spirally very finely striated ;
whorls nine, a little rounded ; last whorl keeled.

SowEiiBV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844. Thes. Couch. Sca-
laria, fig. 138.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Species 107. (Fig. r(, i.)

Scalaria (iiKEXLAXUiCA. Sea. testd elongatd, erassd,
spiraliter distanter sulcatd ; anfractibus configuix,
lateraliter subcompressis ; varicibus sinuatim
arcuatis, decumbentibus, ad suturam elevatis, ex-
jiansis ; aperturd subtrigond.

The Greenland Scalaria. Shell elongated, thick,
spirally distantly grooved; whorls contiguous,
laterally rather compressed ; varices sinuously
curved, decumbent, raised and expanded at the
suture ; aperture subtrigonal.

Chemnitz. Chemn. II., p. 155, f. 1878-7S).

Hab. Newfoundland. Greenland.

Species 108. (Mus. Metcalfe.)

Scalaria undulata. Sea. testd tenui, subpj/ramidatd,
anfractihus postice subattenuatis, spiraliter striatis,
superue levitcr costatis, infrd, planiilsculis, carind
obtusd cinctis.

The waved Scalaria. Shell thin, rather pyramidal,
whorls a little attenuated above, .spirally striated,
slightly ribbed above, rather flattened beneath ;
encircled with an obtuse keel.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844.

Hab. ?

A light species belonging to the same group as
Scalaria granulosa.

SCALARIA.— Plate XIV.

Species 109. (Mus. Brit.)

ScALARiA iNDisTiNCTA. Sca. testd solidiuscicld, elevata,
impeiforatd, spiraliter tenuissime striata, lonfjitudi-
naliter creherrime costatd ; aperturd subivtundd.

The indistinct Scalaria. Shell rather solid, raised,
imperforate, spirally very finely striated ; longitu-
dinally very finely ribbed ; aperture rather rounded.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842.

Hab. Gulf of California.

Species 110. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis.)
Scalaria nuda. Sca. testd hreviter pyramidatd, crassd,

IcBvigatd ; leviter costellatd, infra, subplanulatd,

varicibus rarissimis distaritissimis armatd.
The bare Scalaria. Shell shortly pyramidal, thick,

smooth ; lightly ribbed, partly flattened below,

arm

SOWERBY

Hab. —

ed with very rare, distant varices.

Lately in the collection of Mr. A. Adams.

Species 111. (Mus. Adams.)

Scalaria subnudata. Sca. testd parvd, tenui, pyra-
midatd, spiraliter temiissiine striatd ; varicibus
(enuibus, laminatis, ad siUuram et infra cxpaiins,
medio anfractimm fere evanidis.

The half-bare Scalaria. Shell small, thin, pyramidal,
spirally very finely striated ; varices thin, laminar,
expanded at the suture and below, almost dis-
appearing at the middle of the whorl.

SOWERBV.

Scalaria delicatula, H. Adams, Proc. Zool Soc, 1865.
Hab. Philippines.

A pretty little species, the thin varices of which
almost disappear in the middle of the whorls. The
description of this shell as Scalaria delicatula, was
published in the proceedings of the Zoological Society
in the year following that in which S. delicatvlay
Crosse, appeared in the Journal de Conchyliologie.

Smlaria ri.XJ.

4

I

m

S C A L A R I A.

Species 112. (Miis. ? Copied.)

ScAL.^RlA rouKKCTA. Sctt. j)i/ramidat(i, brevi, Cuiritd,
fusci'i, iiaperforatd ; aiifractibus turritis ; varicibus
crassif ; prope suturam acute angidatis; interstitiis
angustatis; aperturd subquadratd, columelld
cuneatd ; labia externa prope suturam angulato.

The extended Scalaiua. Shell pyramidal, short,
turrited, brown, imperforate ; whorls turritcd ;
varices thick, acutely angular near the suture ;
interstices narrow ; aperture subquadrate, colu-
mella cuncate, outer lip angular near the suture.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1813.

Hub. Straits of .Malacca.

Species 113. (Fig. a, b, Mus. ? Copied.)

Scalai;ia A'ui.riXA. ^ca. testd parvd, fused, crasnd,
spira/ilcr gtriatd ; (infractibus eonve.ris ; van'cibus
rotundis, crassis ; ultimo anfractu injrd carina
cinctd ; aperturd ovatd, labia extemo crasso.

The Fox Scalaiua. Shell small, brown, thick, spirally
striated ; whorls convex ; varices rounded, thick ;
last whorl encircled below with a keel ; aperture
ovate, outer lip thick.

IIiNDs. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843.

Hab. Straits of Malacca.

Species 114. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scalaria decussata. Sea. testd elmigatd, lurritd, an-
Jraetibus supa'ne aiigulatis, infra carinatis, liris
spir-alibus et coslellis laijueatis, laminatis, lonyita-
dinalibiis decuMatd.

The DECUSS.4TED Scalaria. Shell elongated, turrited,
whorls narrow above, keeled below, decussated
with spiral ridges and fluted laminated longitudinal
ribs.

Lamarck. Anini. sans vert.

Scidaria e<iiie, llala, Iluniphreys.

Hab. Mauritius.

Species 115. (Mus. Nobis.)

Scalaria delicatula. Sea. testd tcnui, acuminatd,
minutissime spiraliter striatd ; aiifractibus nume-
rosis, rotundis ; costis i ncequalibus, plerumque la-
minatis, nonnullis incrassatis, ad suturam sim-
plieibus, ultimo anfractu carina parvd, distinctd

The delicate Scalaria. Shell thin, acuminated,
very minutely spirally striated ; whorls numerous,
rounded ; ribs unequal, for the most part laminar,
some thickened, simple at the suture, last whorl
encircled with a small distinct keel.

CuossE. Journ. de Conch., 1864.

Hab. Australia.

Species lie. (Mus. Nobis.)

Scalaria attenuata. Sea. testd. aui/nstd, atleiiuatd,
iwpeiforatd ; anfractibus rnlnnills, sntiird ^wo-
fundd; varicibus erassiusculls, proiuiiu iilibiis, dis-
tantibus, vbliqii: eoulinuis.

The attenuated Si ai.aima. Shell narrow, attenuated,
imperforate ; whorls roimd, suture deed ; varices
rather thick, prominent, distant, obliquely con-
tinuous.

SOWERUY.

Hab. 7

More attenuated than Scalaria Philippinarum, with
the varices more distant.

Species 117. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Barclay.)

Scalaria latifasciata. Sea. testd late pyramidatd,
perforata, alba, vel pallide fulvd, fasciis tribus
fascis, mcdiand laid, spiraliter piictd ; anfractibus
rapid'e ciescentibus, rotundis; varicibus mimerosis,
tenuibus, laminatis, ad suturam simplicibus.

SCALARIA.— Plate XV.

The broad-banded Scalaria. Sliell broadly pyramidal,
perforated, wliite, or pale fulvous, spirally painted
with three brown bands, the middle one broad;
whorls rapidly increasing, roimded ; varices
numerous, thin, laminar, simple at the sutures.

SOWERBT.

Hah. Maheburg, Mauritius.

Collected by Sir David Barclay on sandy mud.
In the white variety the very slightest indication of
brown bands may be detected. The Scalaria tri-
yasciaia of the Thesaurus is a mu^h shorter shell and
the bands are linear.

Species 118. (Mus. Nobis.)
ScALAni\ tenuilirata. Sea. testd parvd, perforata,
late pyramidatd, inter varices IcEvigatd, purpureo-
fuscd ; anfractibus sex, ravide crescentihus, rotun-
dis, suiurd profundd ; varicibus crcberrimis, inm-
qualibus, tenuibus, reflexis, rotundati.<^.
The thin ridged Scalaria. Shell small, perforated,
broadly pyramidal, smooth, purple-brown between
the varices ; whorls six, rapidly increasing,
rounded with deep suture ; varices very close,
unequal, thin, reflected, rounded.

SoWERBT.

Hab. Japan.

SmUuia niM.

"Wncent Brooks DiyS. Sorbp

S C A L A R I A.

Species lli>. (Fig. a, b, Mns. ((jlhn) >retc:illV.)

SCALAFMA MULTISTltrAT.'

spinditer teiwhsii

I. tcMi'i parfi'i, elivdli'i,
■.-^irne sfriiil.'i : (in/rartlhiis niir.vi,
suhronin,/;^. I. »^■ ,Tf,r, Ni;i,„.< : r,trir;i,„<< inim.ru-
,viVs;///,V, A„»;„r,//V, c.,-l„„tihN.<, u,/ .V'tNiam n,
anguliiin ai-ntnm (_'l, ciitt.<.

The manv-stimatep Scai.aima. Sliell siiuill, raised,
spirally very finely striated ; wlmrls nine, rather
rounded, slowly increasing ; varices very nu-
merous, laminated, standing out, elevated in a
sharp angle at the suture.

Say. Amer. Journ. Sci.

Scularia pukhella, Bivon.

Hah. North America.

The three small species with ininntc stria-, somewhat
resembling each other, may thus be di.stingviished.
Scalaria delicaiula lias the fine varices roiuided at the
suture, and it is very narrow. S<-alaria subnadata has
them raised at the sutures and almost obsolete at the
centre of the whorl, and Scalaria multiMrititti has them
raised in an acute angle at the sutures and by no

ippc

121. (Fig.

h, M,

nrit.)

Species 120. (Fig. «, b, IMus. Brit.)

Scalaria ciiAssiLAiiru:M. Sra. tcsk'i albidd, iviperjhmtd,
eloTiffalu, spiraliter minutissiwi' striata ; anfractihus
septem, biangulatis, snhohsolete costel/atis ; varicibiis
nullis ; aperturd subrotiindd, rnargine crosso,
expanso, minute striata.

The thick-lipped Scalaria. Shell nearly white, im-
perforate, elongated, spirally very minutely
striated ; whorls seven, biangtdar, rather obsoletely
ribbed ; varices none ; aperture rather rounded ;
■with thick, e.xpanded, minutely striated margin.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Scalaria, sp. 87,
fig. 115, 110.

Hab. Philippines. Central America.

.SUAI.AIMA rNlilILATIsSIMA. Sm. Ic^li'l idhi'l, temtt,
p/,n,m!dal,}. pnfora/d. .piraldn- ,in,n,t{ssm?
Mriahl ; „„rn,rt!/,„^ rirr.', unP,n,, snhrajdde cres-
rentihns. ad sutiinrn ,•„«„//,■»/„/;,.,■ vari,'d>,is
ina-ipialihiis, I, iniJIms, riiri^s;i,ir rras.^iorihiis,
roiiriiiiiv tiiididiitis, pnipc siitiinnn ai-Nli;iti.< ,■
umbUlro pan;,.- .ipniiird sidi„r,it,t, wan/h,,'
Columrllitri tiimi, .<iiiiiii/ii, ma.i;jhie (Xternn siipenii-

The Mi-rii-WAXEii Scai.ai:i\. Slull white, thin, pyra-
midal, ]«'rforalr,l, spirally very mlinitely striated ;
whorls about, nine, ratlur i[uirkly Increasing;
chiinnelled near tlu; suture ; varices unequal, thin,
very rarely thicker, neatly undulated, aculeated
near the suture ; umbilicus small ; aperture sub-
ovate, columollar margin thin, sinuous, outer
nuirgin crenulated above, aculeated near the
suture.

SOWEKI.V.

M. Nyst publishes in his " Tableau Synoptique," a
fo.ssil species in wliicli llic varices are undulated;
something the same mainn'r, but more coarsely than in
this shell. I know ofnu other example of this beauti-
fully delicate sculture.

Species 122. (Fig. a, b, IMus. Nobis.)
SCALAIUA Japomca. Sca. testa jxirrd, alba, la;vigatd,

iinjierforala ; aiifnaiilms rotandis, vix contiguis ;

variribus laiinitatis, snldlihscidis, suhdistantibus,

oblique contiinns.
The Japan Scalakia. Shell small, white, smooth,

imperforate ; whorls rounded, scarcely touching ;

varices laminar, rather solid, a little distant, ob-

liijuely continuous.
Ntst. Tab. Syn., 1871.
Scalaria elegaiis. A. Adams.
Hab. Japan.

June, 1874.

SCALARIA.— Plate XVI.

Species 1-25. OIus. Nobis.)

Sc.\LARi.4 MbRCim. Sea. testa parvd, alh'ulA, angustd,
spiraliter dense striata; anfractibus mmerosis,
iente crescentibus ; varicibus creberrhnis, crassius-
culis, ad suivram paulo expansis.

MiJRCH's ScALARiA. Shell small, whitish, narrow,
spirally closely striated ; whorls uunierous, slowly
increasing; varices very close, rather thick, a
little exi>anded at the suture.

Angas. ?

Hub.

Species 124. (Mus. Barclay.)
ScALARiA ABBREVIATA. Sctt. testd brevi, cmssa, sub-
caaniled, imperforatd, spiraliter sulcata, costis
planulatis, undulatis, uno latere angidatim laqueatis,
ad suturam aculeatis, ad carinam inferioreni
prominentibus ornatd ; interstitiis ad suturam et ad
carinam profunde foveolatis ; anfractibus 2micis,
stipcriic subdeclivis; ultimo anfractu infrd carinato,
admarginem aperturce incrassato ; varicibvs 7iiagnis,
crassis, crenulatis, perpaucis ; aperturdsiihrolundd,
margine crasso, crenato.
The abbreviated Scalaria. Shell short, thick,
bluish, imperforate, spirally grooved, ornamented
with flattened, undulated ribs, angularly fluted on
one side, aculeated at the suture, prominent at the
lower keel ; interstices deeply sloped above ; last
whorl keeled below, thickened at the edge of the
aperture; varices large, thick, crenulated, very
few ; aperture rather round, margin thick,
crenated.

SOWERBY.

Hab. Tamarind Bay, near Black River, Mauritius.

This is figured in Thesaurus as a variety of Scalaria
varicosa, from which subsequent examination compels
me now to distinguish it.

Species 12.J. (Mus. Sir D. Barclay.)
Scalaria :*iultiperforata. Sea. testd pallid!: fulvd,
acuminata, costis latis, decumbentibus, undulatis,
uno latere angulatim laqueatis sculptd ; interstitiis,
L-oiiriiiiic Joreolatis ; anfractibus compressis, ad
silt II nun riiiiiiliculatis, aculcis elevatis coronatis ;
vltiiiiii aifnirtii infrd carinato, ad carinam foveolato ;
varicibus pierpaucis, irregularibus, crassis, pro-
minentibus, ad suturam elevatis, productis.
The many-holed Scalaria. Shell pale, fulvous, acu-
minated, sculptured with broad, decumbent, undu-
lated ribs, angularly fluted on one side ; interstices
neatly pitted; whorls compressed, channelled at
the suture, crowned with raised points; last
whorl keeled below, pitted at the keel ; varices
very few, irregular, thick, prominent, raised and
produced at the suture.
Sowerby.
IJab. Black River Bay, ^Mauritius.

The sculpture of this little shell is e.xquisite. the
flattened ribs being fringed on one side with an angular
fluting which leaves little distinct perforations against
the back of the adjoining rib. There is au obsolete
tendency to the same arrangement of sculpture in
Scalaria varicosa and S. abbreviata, which belong to the
same group, but are not nearly so narrow and acumi-
nated, and have not the whorls so laterally compressed.

(Fig. 9, h, PI. II. Mus. Sir D. Barclay.)
Scalaria rariscost.\ta. This exquisite specimen was
dredged by Sir David Barclay, Bart., oflf Round
Island, Mauritius. The ordinary specimens give
no idea of the beautiful sculpture wliich belongs
to the shell when in perfect condition. Besides
the four larger ribs which in this specimen are
crowded in the last whorl, the whole shell is
sculjitured with fringed and aculeated lesser varices.

S C A L A R I A.

abbreviata, .S'o!fe;% XVI.

aciculina, IlimJs XIII.

aculeata, Soicerhy VII.

acuminata, Soirerhy X.

a\axa., Sowerby III.

albolineata, Sowerhy VIII.

angulata, &t^ III.

attenuata, Pease X.

attenuata, Sowerby (by error) XV.

aurita, Soicerhy V.

Australis, Lamarck I.

Bairdii, Smith X.

bicarinata, Sowerhy VIII.

hoTdoXis, Gould X.

bulbului!, Sowerhy IX.

bullata, Sowerhy II.

canc<;//a<a, Humphreys XV.

casta, A. Adams XI.

Catanuensis, Sowerby IX.

clathratula, Montague VIII.

clathrus, Linn V.

clathrus, Gme] I.

cochlea, Sowerhy XII.

communis, Lamarck I.

concinna, Sowerhy VII.

connexa, 5'oit'erSy XIII.

contmv.a\.a, Sowerhy XV.

coronata, Lamarck V.

costulata, Keiner III.

crassa, Sowerby IV.

crassicostata, Sowerby XIII.

crassilabrum, Sowerhy XVI.

creberrima. Hinds IX.

crenata, LJnn III.

curvilineata, Sowerby VII.

decussata, Lamarck XV.

delicatula, Crosse XV.

delicatula, H. Adams XIV.

denticulata, Sowerhy VI.

diadema, Sowerhy XI.

Dianre, Ilinds XII.

dubia, &(«;% VII.

eleyaiis. A. Adams XVI.

Elenensis, Sowerby XIII.

Eschrichti, Holholi XI.

50
95
'J 5

12

;u

120
Gl)
19
■19
lU
115
111
42
si
.s9
45

I eximia, Adams 4* lUere XII.

fasciata, Sowerhy III.

Jimbriata, Lamarck II.

fragilis, Ilanley V.

, i'mhWis, Sowerhy VII.

I fusca, Soicerhy XIV.

Gcorgettina, Kicncr V.

! glabrata, Ilinds XIII.

gr.acilis, Soicerhy VIII.

I gracilis, A. Adams X.

gradata, Ilinds I.

I granulata, Quoy V.

Grosnlandica, C/(ew(H;'<c XIV.

j hexagona, Soicerhy IV.

Humj)krey siana, Kehicr III.

hyalina, iSoitwJ'/ VI.

immaculata, &)!«7V/y IV.

j imperialis, Sowerhy I.

! incons-picxia, Sowerby VIII.

InJianorum, Car/)C"/c'r XI.

t irregularis, /Soice;-?/;/ IV.

i mdistincia, Sowerby XIV.

J aiionica, Nyst XVI.

; Jukesiana, i^srJes XI.

lactea, A'raMSS XII.

j himdlosa, Lamarck V.

I latiCisciata, Sowerby XV.

\!i-s.aXa, Sowerhy VI.

lineata, Say ? VIII.

\\nciA:\\.ix, Sowerhy V.

lyrci, Sowerhy IV.

maculosa, .4 (tows anrf iiVei-e XIII.

Mairellanica, F/i ilippi XL

magnifica, Sowerhy II.

marmorata, Soicerhy III.

JIartinii, Wood III.

!MinJorccnsis, Sowerhy IX.

minoY, Sowei-by X.

miranda. Smith X.

122
102

83

13
11

29
52
lOG

3r,

99
53

mitrcahnnis, Soivcrhi/ VI. 44

moihsia, C. B. Adams XI. 78

monocycla, Ke'mer V. .33

Mcirchii, Angus X. XVI. sp. 70, fig. 12.3

multicostata, Sowerby IX. Of)

miiltiperforata, -SoK'e)*?/ XVI. 125

multistriata, <S'ay XVI. 119

muricata, A'imer... ... VI. 43

m^eoXa, Adams and Reeve I. 1

jiocZosa, Carpenter I. 2

Novanglia;, CoH<% XIII. 100

xmAa, Sowerhy XIV. 110

obQis., Soiuerby IV. 22

Qh\i(]p.vi, Sowerby VII. 51

obtusa VII. 48

o-ptahiWs, A. Adams XL 85

ovalis, >So«;^r62/ XIII. 9G

Pallasii, A'lVncr VI. 40

perplexa, P«ise XII. 91

Pliihppinarum, .5(/ !!■(';//»/ IV. 21

planicostata,'E>\vou II. 7

^oWta, Sowerby X. 77

porrecta, .ff^irwZs XV. 112

pretiosa, Zfnnarc/.- I. 4

principalis, J/aJ'/jyfz' III. 12

2)nnc!/iaZi'«, Chemnitz ? II. 10

pulchella, '&IVOU XVI. 119

juimiWa, A. Adams XI. 79

pulcberrima, .S'oiccr/'// IX. C.S

Plate.

pjramidalis, .?oic?/% III.

raricostata, Lamarek II. &, XV

ran'costa^a, Lamarck III.

replicata, iSozwri// VI.

rubrolineata, Soiccrby IX.

shniUs, Sou'erby IX.

statiiminata, Soircrby III.

striata, Keiner III.

subtilis, Sowerby XIV.

subundata, Sowerby XIV.

sulcata, Sowerby XIII.

5\iiwca\is, Hinds XIV.

tenuicostata, Smverby V.

tenuilirata, 5'o!y«% XV.

tennis, Sowei-by VI.

Trevelyana, Zeac/i .f* XII.

tnfasciata, iSe Z/ac'.'i VII.

trifasriata, Keiner V.

sca/a? is, hinnceus I.

tmricuia, Sowerby VIII.

Turtouis, Eisso II.

undiiiata, (Sozi'er^ XR'.

iindiilatissima, /Soti'crJy XV^I.

unicostata, Sowerby VIII.

unifasciata, Sowerby IV.

\aTicosa, Lamarck II.

venosa, Soicerby .. , IX.

vestalis, ninds XIII.

vulpiua, Hinds XII. XV. sp. 88, tier.

MONOGUAPH

C U M I N G I A.

'Vom thy n,nil liiiv.-ii l,,.,]." -J/;//„

Ciunlnijla

PI. I.

^iicmtBiooteDa.ytS(m,Imp

C U M I N G T A.

(ic-mis CUMIXGrA,

.werb,,

Tegta (Eip'.iviih'is. i/nV'/iti/iili rii//.<. diitirr nittdtt/n, postice
anijii.'itaUi di'pn .<.<it. jmiiJii liiaw ; deiite,>: cnrdiiutli
ulraqtie valvd duo, minidi : iaterales in <dter<1 valcd
dna;. Lig amentum in Jhreiim rufhlciinformeiii
inediannm affi.rum. Iinpri'ssiones miisciilares diia:,
Iaterales eloixjnti. /»(/ir('.«/</ pidlii simi mai/no

qui

Sliell e({uiv:dv(

posteriori V iiarroNved. ili'[irrssL-il, a liiilc .Miiinu ;
cardinal teeth two. miiiutc. in lach valve: lateral.
two in one valve. Liganieni lixed in a central
spoon-shaped pit. Miiscidar iinj)res3ions two,
lateral elongated. Impression oi' tlie mantle bent
back with a large .sinus.

The Ciaiiingkr. are often very irregularly Ibruied,
because they live in crevices of rocks and hollows of
sponges. They are found in .\iistralia, and in both
East and West Indies. 'J'he West Coast of America
and the I'lidippine Islands havr also .-oritributed
species.

Spec

(.Mus. Brit.)

Ct:MlNiiI.\ TEl.LlNinE.s. Ciim. testa sHhromynf:.
tissime tstrialA, anlice rotunda, suhiujhda
rostratd, acuminatd, iiuinjiiie vcntrali i
marijine dorsali dedici.

The TELLINA-LIKE CUMIXGIA. Shell comjireS;

finely striated, anteriorly rounded, a I
Hated ; posteriorly beaked, aciuninated.
margin contracted, dorsal margin sloped.

CON-IiAD. ?

Hah. California. Maine, U. States.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Ci;miX(,i.v Ci.krii. Cum. testd subtriij
camplanatd, kevigatd ; latere postiiu

iiiijirt'.'i.-ia,
itlksndo,

latlh.o
d.r/in

A. Ai

Hah.

(VMISCA.\ MIT
/•Hifi..XV-«//.
antirolato

(Mus. Krit.)

„, uhlhvk I

margin contracted, dorsa
downwards, end obliquely

SoWEl'.iiY. Proc. Zool. Soc, Ls:

Ilah. Chili, rem.

ate, pale red
•Iv striated :

This anc
striated wht

Species -L (Mus. Brit.)

CuMINiiH ti:I(Ioni:lai;is. t'lim.. I(v/,i m/nis/,), In'ijoiiu-
subqitadndd. p„stii-r bren, sid,a:i,/ti/at,i, ti-iinr,ild
marjine dorsali vatili: decliui ; irnyiilariti'r con
centrici: lainiuutd, laminis exianlibus, no/niid/i:
latis.

The three-sidei) Cimi.scia. Sludl rnlai-t. squarish-
trigonal, posteriorly short, rathi'r aiii;uhir. trun-

cated with dors

CL'MIXrnA.— Plate I.

l:ii-l_y concr-ntrically Limiiuited, laiiiiii:i -tamling

out, some broad.
Snwi:i;BV. Proc. Zool. So,:-., IS-:!.
]lah. riiili >

The must ineuulai-ly laminated of all the species,
,111(1 tlie most triansrular in form.

ventral margin contracted near the end ; dorsal

margin sloped.
SowKRi'.Y. Proe. Zool., 18;!3.
Hab. Chili.

nulo; l„t.n

Species (1. (Miis. Hril.)

CiTMiNGiA sniu.i-.. Cum. testa urato-mblrigonii, laevi-
gata, Ian, in,'.- /,<nic/y conc-titn'cis omald ; latere
antiai iuihilo, rutiindu ; latere postira ronti-ato, nd
Irrmiiuun lu.ii.jlinf r,;,lr<ili^ Kiihacmn: n<lt„.

Tin: siMii.Ai: ('rMis.,iA. Sh.'ll uvate-sublricronal.

lieakr

couceutnc lamina; ;
I'd ; posterior side
it the end of the

Species h. (Mus. Brit.)

Cotir.Htrn-:- l.nitin.ltd. hiuiiuls „,l;/,i,f;

l,nsti,0 ,n,ll,l/atn. „r„ 1,1,11, tin, .^„ln,.<ln
i;-i,lni!i iwi.pp l,-iii,''„iii,i ,;,i,tra,-t,' ; m,,
,lc,-li,-i.
Till l.\mi:i.i,.m; ('umi.n<,i.v. Shell oblong. r.-g.iLal\
eoiiceiitricallv laminated, lamina; narrow, standing
out, distant; anterior side short, rounded; pos- I Ditb-iing lV..ui th.- iireeeding species chielly in the
terior side angular, acuminated, .subrostrated ; I fewness and iiicgularit)- of the lamina?.

\. .Vi.AMv Pi-..,.. Z.1..I. Sue., l.s.V
//<//.. X.W. Corist .if Am.'riea.

^^:;^-~^

Ciiimn/jia PL. 11.

/^r^

■<^^'^^^.

Scv/evty delatJitl;

VmcfOiL Blocks BsyS. Son, tap

C U M I N G I A.

II.

Speties 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

iixtiiA (•()Ai;cr.\T.\. Cum. iestii /laini, rcgiilariler
ciincentrici' liratu ; inter liris teiiuissime radiatim
slrialil ; antici' siihquadrald, injlatd, postio' depresfd,
cvtitrartd, declivi, tul termimiiii DUirgiiiix vi'iitrdlis
iicuminaM.

. C0NTi{.\CTED CuMiN(;i.\. Shell small, rofrularly
<'oiicentrifally ridged ; very finely radiatrly
striated between the ridges; anteriorly sub-
ijuadrate, inflated, posteriorly depres-sed. con-
tracted, sloped downward, acuminated at the end
of the ventral margin.

Ki.-iiV. Proc. Zool. Soc, IS.'!;;.

. riiilippines.

Species 8. (Fig. », h, Mus. Brit.)

CiMiNiiiA .\NTlLL.\nuM. Cum. tesU'i parrii, tcitiil, iniiintc
rer/iilwiter concentrice lamimda ; suboi'alA, vil .■'uh-
triijon/i ; postice subacumi iiatd.

Tm: AXTii.i.K.s Cumingia Shell .small, thin, minutely re-
gularly concentrically laminated ; somewhat ovate,
or siibtrigonal ; posteriorly, rather acuminated.

A. Adam.^. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Ilab. West Indies.

Species 9. (JIus. llargreaves.)
C'l'MlXGlA ELEOANS. Cum. testd parvd, obliqu'c subovatd,
eleganter a-ebre concenirice liratd; latere autico
brevidsculo, rotunda, inflato ; latere postico sid)-
(iiii/uhito, ante anyuluiii contracto.
The elegant Cumingia. Shell small, obliquely sub-
ovate, elegantly closely concentrically ridged ;
anterior side rather short, rounded, inflated ; pos-
terior side rather angular, contracted in front of

T/u/illa huiuUom, H. Ac
Ilah. Australia.

'i'he wanl of (level. jped lateral teeth in either valve
has caused the separation of this and other species from
the genus ; and in replacing it we are obliged to apply
a new specific name, that of lamellosa being previously
occu])ied in this genus.

(Mus. Brit.

-/'"'

lli,l,i.

C I'MIXiiiAVExrinciisA. Ciiiii. Ii'.-itd sn/id,}

fasciatd, iiiiiiiiil.^sii,,:' strlntd, lir,,-!, i„jl,it<} ; li,l,n
antico rdluiidii, milricusi: .■ laten lu.slin. annniimfo
dediri.

The VENTiticosK C'imingia. Shell .solid, banded witl
pale rose, very minutely striated, short, inllati-d
anterior side rounded, veutricose ; posterior siib
acuminated, sloped downward.

SOWERBV.

ifab. Probably Chili.

Much shorter and more inflated than Cuminr/ii.

Sjiecics 11. (Mvis. Brit.)
('U.MINOIA Gi:ani>is. Cniii. testd solidd, idbd, opi

mb-

compressd, dilatatd ; latere antico hrerivscido, ro-
tundo ; latere postico rostrato, comjiresso, raid'-
declivi, acuminato.

The lauoe Cu.mingia. Shell solid, white, opaque, sub-
compressed, dilated ; anterior side rather .short,
rounded ; posterior side beaked, compressed, much
sloped, acuminated.

nESH.\rEs.

I/ab. Chili.

A species of very dilated and rather flattened form,
Init quite possibly a variety of Caniiiigia mutica.

Species 12. (Mus. llargreaves.)

CujirNGiA Hai
raid, loih-i

REAVESii. Cnni. testd parvd, sidiquad-
latere antico brerissiwo, dediri, obtuso.

August, 187u.

CUMINGIA.— Plate II.

inflato ; latere postico valide arcuatim rostrato, | of Cumingia are all which the genus contains excepting
numjine ventmli ante rostrum contracto, margini' \ the t\-pc.

dorsali vcddi declivi.

Hargreave's Cumingia. Shell snuiU, subquadrate,
smooth ; anterior side very short, slojjed, obtuse,
inflated; posterior side strongly beaked \\rith a
curve, ventral margin contracted in front of the
beak, dorsjil margin much sloped.

M. Ai>AMS (Thyella). Proc, Zool. So.>,, l.ST.'l.

Hah. N(>w Hebrides.

Tlie writer has not seen the typo of Mr. Adams's genus
Thyella. The two species included in this monograph

[A (alii

(Pig. a. b, Mu
I. Cum. testa i.

losu, posiict' cuneatd, brt
maraine dorsali elevato.

. Brit.)

■eyidiiriter htiitcl-
' ; antif.e injiatd, e.cpansii,
>ntraii convexv.
The Calikohn'ian' Cumint.ia. .Sliell irregularly lamel-
lated, posteriorly cuneate, short ; anteriorly in-
flated, expanded with tlie dorsal margin elevated,
ventral margin convex.
Coxrau. Journ. A. N. S. Phil., vul, vii, pi. 17, f. 12.
Hah. California.

M 0 N 0 G R A P H

OK THE (tENUS

G L Y C I M E R 1 S,

•■ O'er the deep I o'er the deep !
Whpiv thf wluilf. nnd ttie shark, iind t\w sword-tisli sleei. I'"— 77,.)yv fvnvnill.

Glyciincris Pi I.

SoTNsrliy del eilitii

■\%ir,snt. Bio ois I)ay& Son.Imi)

(; L Y ( I M E K 1 S.

(iLVCIMKIil.-

J.an

Tc.<ta transverse oblonga, hivalvis, himusculosa, ccqui-
valvis, crassa, epidemiide nigra cornea induta ;
viargine cardinali edcntulo. Ligamentum maymim
externum fulcrum magnum affixum. Impressiones
mvsculares complcxi, pallii irregulariter integer.

Shell transversely oblong, bivalve, bimuscular, equi-
valvo, thick, covered with a black, horny epidermis;
hinge margin toothless. Ligament largo, ex-
ternal. Muscular impressions complex, tliat of
the mantle irregularly entire.

SvN. Ci/rtodaria, Daudin.

The single species which composes this genus, presents
an assemblage of characters which make it dillicult to
determine its place. Having neither internal car-
tilaginous pit nor appendage, it certainly does not belong
to the genus Mija, with which it was formerly united.
Yet, as in Mi/a, Panopiea, ttc, the parts of the animal
not covered by the shell are provided with a wrinkled
coriaceous covering. It is a mollusc of littoral habits
and, as might be suggested by its appearance, belongs
to northern and arctic seas. In the general characters
of the shell it secni^, with Soleninit/a, to :i.pproacli the
liimily of ,%,/,, ,;-!„.

Species 1. (]\[us, Sowerliv. )

Glycimekis silkjUA. Gil/, tcstd ohlotuji'i, crrif.'sa,
utrinque hianti, exttis epidermide crassa, nigra,
oblique rvgata. induta ; iniui> cidcared, irregulariter
incrassatd et laceratd ; latere postico breriituruld
margine dorsali semilunari ; medio cumpresso,
margine vcntrali rectimculo ; cardine eduniuld,
fulcra ligamentifero maxima.

The sword Glycimeris. Shell oblong, thick, gaping
o!i both sides, covered outside with a tliick, black
cjiidermis, obliquely wrinkled ; calcareous within,
irregularly thickened and jagged ; posterior side
rather the shorter, dorsal margin semilunar ;
middle compressed, ventral margin rather straight ;
hinge toothless, ligamentiferous ftdcruni very
large.

LAM.\i!f'K. Anim. sans Vert., vol. vi. p. CO.

Mya picea, Wood.

Hah. Arctic Coasts.

The so-called Glycimeris arctica and Ghjelmeris
eilentula do not Ixdong to this genus;. The first is a
Panapa.,.

\lX-2

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

C Y P R I N A,

Have I not heard the sea, puff'd up with wind,
Rage like an angry boar ?'" — Shnkspearc.

Cypivm Fl. I.

Sowdty. dd etJilii

Ymcent Brooks Bay & Sonfc^)

C Y V \{ I i\ A.

I'l.ATK 1.

(u-nus CYI'ULNA, Lamarck:

Tcshi htvalcis, oralis, birniisculona, marina, wquivd/visa,
c/nJermide sicbrugo a, crassd indiitd ; umhones
airvi ; denies in idraque valvd tres cardinales uno
lateralis posticus, remotus. Impressiones muscutares
in ulrdqne valvd dual, lateralas distaider'. Imjirr^i^io
muscularis pallii intetjer. Liija)/' ' /.

partim in sinu inarginali imniersuni

Shell bivalve, oval, bimuscular, iii;iiiii . ■ _i ,,',.,
• covered with a subrugose, thick ejnderiiiis ; iiiii-
boes curved ; three cardinal teeth in each valve,
one- posterior, lateral remote. Muscular im-
pressions two, lateral distant. Muscidar impressions
of the mantle entire. Ligament external, partly
inserted in a marginal sinus.

There apjiears to be really only one recent species of
this genus, which belongs to the northern seas of
Europe. It is a very Venus-like shell, with the hinge of
the Cytheroa group, but having one very long, distant
posterior lateral tooth.

Species 1. (Fig. a, h, M„s. .MacAncirc"

CyI'UIN.V l.SLANDU',

/r.s7,; snl...

solid,;. ,

i„d,ila :
,/,r/iri, n
vrntrali

■'pidermidi: striata, erased.

latere antico lircvi,
liiidiiiiiiliiis arcvatis, pmmih

late

/""

iihtruncato.

<idjqiiadrato,
'inc dorsali

TlIK

.led

'uvyinc trrm
'rcuato.

li'i:i..\ND Cyri;ix.\. Shell, subov;
solid, covered with a thick, striated brown or
black epidermis ; anterior side short, dorsal
margin slojied, umboes arched, prominent, ven-
tral margin convex ; posterior side sulxpiadrate,
terminal margin slightly truncated, dorsal margin
arched.
LiNN^BL-s. (Venus) Systema Natura}.
Cyprina vulgaris, Sowerby.
Venus burardium. Born.
llab. Northern British and Scandinavian Coasts.

Fig. 1.
sulhcienti

jprescnt;

ellipti.

rm not

M 0 N 0 G R A P H

OF I'lIK (.km:

A N A T I N E L L A

Sun and iiionii aii.l stars shin.' ..'.-r tlire.

Soe thy surlar,.,-!.!. ai.,1 tl.iw.
\A attcni|.t ii.it tu .'Xiiluiv tliiv

lu thy <..un<ilrs, .Irf.tlis Inflow. ■•—/;., ■,;,-,■,/ /,'„

AiuUinelia PI. I.

Sowerby, del el lid;

■Vmcoit BroQk3D3y&SoiL.lnip

ANA T I N E L L A.

Gmius ANATINELLA, Sowcrl;/.

Testa tiaiisverne ohtonyn, ceqiiiralvis. tentii.i, cpiihriiiidc
temii iiiduta, alba, postire pauld hians. Can/n
aiif/iistiis, pt-ocessn covhleanformi cartiluyinem
fevcnti medio in utrdquc valva affu-o, dentibus
(■ordinal ibim duohus parvis ante processmn ponitis.
Ini/ii-i.-ifioHes mnscniarex diw (/tie oblonc/tc. Impt-essio
pallii intcgra.

Shell trausversel}- oblong, et|uivalvc, thin, covered witli
a thin epidermis, white, a little gaping posteriorly.
Hinge narrow, with a cartilage holding spoon
shai)ed process fixed in the middle of each valve,
and two small cardinal teeth placed before the
])rocess in each valve. Muscular impressions two,
oblong. Impression of the mantle entire.

This interesting genus of Anatina-like .shells i.s alike
in both valves, having a spoon-sliaped process in each,
thus diifering from Mi/a, which ha.s that provision onl}'
in one. Lutraria lias both, but differs in obvious par-
ticulars, and Analina proper is characterized by a similar
contrivance, and also by a sort of strengthening rili
under the uml)ones. China, Ceylon, and the Pliilip I
pines, are the known localities of the few species
with which we are actpudnted.

Species 1. (Fig. «, b, Mus. Norris.)
.\nati\kli,a SilcmuLDll. Ana. Iish'i fib-oratii, snb-
iv'/ui/att-'rali, ventricosd ; ininutissinii radiatim
striata ; latere antico rotimdo, latere postico ad
tenninum tnoicato oblique mli-ammto ; iiKirijine
dorsali depresso; margine vcntra/i ijyjiialitcr cniire.ni :
processu in utrdque valvd miKjno.
Siebbald's An.^tinella. Shell subovate, sube<|ui-
lateral, ventricose ; very minutely radiately
striated ; anterior side rounded, posterior side
truncated at the end ; dorsal margin depressed ;
ventral margin equally convex : process large in

identical
much n:
lateral.

N >upposed Ijy some Conchologists to be
Mi/.> .-aiidlda of Chenmitz, but it is
te in form, besides being nearly cipii-

Speeies ■>. (Mus. Brit.)
.\n.\tini:i.i.a csxihua. Ana. t> alii oldoni/ii. iiic/'ii
lateral/, radiatim niiniiti xrrn(fi-.-'lriat,} .- lain-
Jiostico prodnrti), aii<iu<ito, obli'/iii tniiinit,,. riii//(ili/
(iiiite rarinato, viargine ventrali ruldr xiii-.^tiin arclir.
tiint injlatd, versus ante iiiediiini sidicaiiliarto ■ lain

anticd bvi

pre

urdiiKtli

Tin: wiiiTK Axatixi;lla. Shell oblong, inequilateral,
radiately minutely .serrato-striated ; pcsterior
side produced, narrow, obliipiely truncated, ra-
diately sharply keeled, ventral niargin iinuli

•d up

(Is, then inflated, slightly
liddle: anterior side short

each

I'ERBV.

L'uera of Shelb.

A. .\i.AM.s. Proc. /.ool. Soc, 18.-.(), p. 41.
IM,. China.

S...vies ;l. (Mus. i5ril.)

AXATIM.I.LN Vl.NII.-lcuSA. A„„. I, St,} (,/,lnn;/,;. r.ddr
i,i,r</)idal,n,/i, radial,,,, „,i,i„l, scrala-st, iat.) ;
la/,T, jii.stirn ,,„./iisl„, a/l(i,i,at,,, o/diijiii trmiralo.
(,/,.-:,■„,■; ,a,ii,at„ : v,a,;f,„[ r,nl,-ali sii,si(„, arrlici.
nadia cnntiv'to ; latere a „A„;, lata, s„/„vt„nd„,
injlato.

Tin: \K.Nri:ic<isi; .Vxatixella. Shell oblong, very ia-
e(|uilateral, radiately minutely serrato-striated;
posterior side narrow, attenuated, oblicjuely trun-
cated, obsctn-ely keeled ; ventral margin sloped
ujiwards, contracted in the middle ; anterior side-
broad, rather round, inflated.

A. Adajis. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 41.

Hab. Puteao, Philippines.

More elongated and unecpially inllated than Anatinrlhi

Candida.

August, 1873.

AXATINKLLA.— Pi.ATj; I.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.) | longer ; obliquely keeled, broadly truncated behind

I the keel, dilated, slightly wrinkled ; ventral

Anatixella LiiLATAi-A. Ann. testa ooatd, suocompressa, . .. ■ • i ^i i

, , • , ., , niarffin eonvex ; anterior side rather -^hnrt.
mi7intissi7ne Mriata ; latere postico longiuscvlo, , ,

oblwui' ran niito, post curmmu late trimcatd, ilildtiito, . . ,, v , ., ,o-, .,

/ '\ ,. , .' A. AiiAMs. Pruc. Zool. Soc., 18al. p. 41.

.■mhrumto ; inarqine ventrab convexa ; latere <t,ntico ,. , ,, ^ 1,1 -i-

"''■-' Hdh. Pnteaii, Philippines.
breviuscnlo, rotundo.

Thk filL.^TED ASATINELLA. Shell ov.'ite. subconipressed, More compressed and broader po.3teriorly than the

uiinutcly striated; posterior side, rather the I other species.

MONO(, RAIMI

)F I'lll'. (iKNi;

P L I C A T IJ L A,

•Wliat huV.l tliou I

•ninu h..lluu.s.,uu.

'-m^^

Pllcaliilu H. J.

^

%.itf'^^''

. BrooksDiy? Soiiliup

P L I C A T U L A.

Plate I.

Genus PLICATULA, Lamarck.
Testa unimuscuhsa, iiicequivnlvis, plicata, irnyuluns,
per (ipicem valvce dextrm adherens ; umbunes in-
aequaks, vix auricnlatce ; area cardinal^!, in vulva
dextrd parva ; dentes cardinales vtrdijue valvd
duoe, divergentes transverse striata; foveola lirja-
mentifera inter dentes ntrdque valvd triijona.
Shell with a single muscle, inequivalve, [ilaited ir-
regular, fixed by the apex of the right valve ;
umbocs unequal, scarcely auriculated ; cardinal
area in the right valve small; two divergent,
transverse, cardinal teeth in each valve striated
transversely ; a trigonal liL'aineiitiferous pit in
each valve between the teeth.
Plicatula is a well defined genus of shells always to be
recognised by the teeth and folds. Eight species were
described in the latest Monograph, that of the The-
saurus by Sowerby. Of the remaining five, two have
been described since, and three are here jircsented.

The Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, and
the shores of Western America furnish all the species
described in this Monograph, with the exception of
Plicatuht Cei/lonica, and the little Pliatlula siiiiji/f.c
from China.

Species 1. (Mus. Pirit.)

PLICATfI..\ NOV^ ZF.LANDIiE. PH. tcstd temU, all)

(lijirt.-'sii, ad laterd fuliaced ; plicis nui

ob-

tusis hinc-ilUc divisis, ad marginein dentiformibns.
The New Zealand Plicatula. Shell thin, white,

depressed, leafy at the sides; jilaits numerous,

obtuse, here and there divided, dentiform at the

margin.
Sowerby.
Hob. New Zealand.

The ribs are so divergent, that those near the dorsal
margin are at right angles with the central.

s/rif/atd ; plicis panels, profiindis, angtdatis sim-

pliribiis.
The simple Plicatula. Shell small, gibbous, thick,

rather straight, somewhat ovate, of a golden

brownish colour, sometimes striped ; plaits few,

deep angular, simple.

Gould. ?

Hah. China.

do

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)
Plicatula simplex. Pli. testa parvd, glbhd, crassd.
rectiusciild, suhovatd, fusco-suhaured, nonnunquan,

October,

The few plaits of this ap[iarently distinct species uu
"" extent, and consequently the shell

not diverge to any c.-..n-in., .um v^^^noc
has a rather straight oval appearance.

Plicatula peniciixat

hnll, r on, 1,1, rii.j
hnnl.,,,. n,,t„n,i

Si.ecies 3. (Mus. Brit.)
I'll

sill [larvd, teinu, irregii-
,' .iriilijiti'i. Hii, Is parvis,
jillris /ini/ir iHiirginem
ml nut IS, rnhirrliiils : iimnjln, v„lr,l lU.itr.i Irregu-
laritir dcidiculatd.
The pexcilled Plicatula. Shell small, thin, ir-
regularly ovate, rugose, minutely aculeatecl,
marked with small short chestnut lines; plaits very
small, very close near the margin ; margin of the.
left valve irregularly denticulated.
Carpextep..
Hah. North America.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula imhuicata. Pli. tesld magnd, suhtrigond,
solidd, albidd, vel cirmamoned, lineis bi-evihus,
divaricatis, 7-iibescentibus notatd ; plicis magnis,
acute angulatis divaricatis, rarb divisis ; plerumqve
super angulum imbricatis.

The imbricated Plic.\tula. Shell large, subtrigonal,
solid, whitish, or cinnamon, marked with short
divergent reddish lines ; plaits large, acutely
angular, divergent, rarely divided ; generally im-
bricated on tlie angle.

Menke. Moll. Nov. IloUandia;.

Hab. China, Philippines. — Honduras Bay, &c.

1873.

I'linduhi n.Jl.

nncrail Binok-Jhiv'tSuiiJiup

P L I C A T U L A.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula kamosa. PH. testa ponderosd, pnipt) tim-
boni'S plirniiK/ue (/ihbosil, alhida ; super plirns
lineis viacii/i'si/iie jiiirpiiri'is vit ciniidnioncis, vel
cnstaiieis notat'i ; p/iciK obtii-sis medio testd paiicis,
versiXs marejinem in rwiiis duahus vel tribus fur-
catis, imp-essione viusculari rotundd, elevatd;
dentibus cardinalibus fttscis ; margine inteiiin
fusco lincato.

The branched plicviula. Shell iiomloroiis, gciRTally
gibbous, whitish ; phiits marked with purijlo or cin-
namon or chestnut lines and spots ; plaits few in
the middle of the shell, divided into one or two
branches towards the margin, muscular impres-
sion rounded, elevated ; cardinal teeth brown ;
inner margin marked with brown lines.

Lamauck. Anim. s. Vert., vol. vi. p. 181.

Spondyliis pUcatus ? Gmelin.

Plicaiida gibbosa (Lamarck). Sowerby. Genera of Shells.

Hab. Lord Hood's Island.

There is no other species of riicatula the plaits of

which branch and divide so much as this.

Species G. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)
Plicatula cuistata. Pli. testd parvd, trigond, albidd,
pUcis Tionnunquam lineatim pictis, magnis, acute
angulatis, pcrpaucis.

The chested Plicatula. Shell small, trigonal,
whitish, the plaits sometimes linearly jiainted,
large, sharply angular, very few.

Lamauck. Anim. s. Vert , vol. vi. p. 185.

l^heatula reniformis, ?

Ilab. Jamaica, yl. Addiiis. Honduras Bay, il/r. Z)^«ora.

A .small species of large angular plaits.

Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. P.rit.)

Plicatula depp.essa. Pli. te.itd solidd, super castas
fiiseo Uneald ct maculatd ; plicis obtusis numerosis,
piwdb divarieatis prope margincm hinc-ilUc bifur-
catis.

The depressed Plicatula. Shell solid, lineated and
spotted with brown on plaits ; plaits obtuse,
numerous, a little divergent, here and there, near
the margin, bifurcated.

Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vol. vi. p. 185.

Hub. ?

This species is more numerously and less divergently
plaited than Plicatula ramosa. The plaits, although
occasionally divided near the margin, do not branch.
The depression from which the species was named is
prob.ably an accident of growth in both the specimens
figured.

October, 1873.

Flimluia n. ill.

W

/^^

li

^1

A

i»v'^

v:

Sowerb^■,'iel eVhlli

Vniccnt Brooks Da.y S.Soii,lnip

PLICATULA.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mas. Brit.)

Plicatula Essingtonensis. Pli. testd magnA, suli-
(Bquilaterali ; pUcis numerosis, cinnamoneo minute
lineatim notatis, divaricatis, raro divisis, angitlatis.

The Port Essington Plicatula. Shell large, nearly
equilateral; plaits numerous, rather obtuse,
minutely linearly marked with cinnamon, diver-
gent, rarely divided, angiUar.

SowEniiY.

Hah. Port Essington, Australia.

The ribs are more niuncrous, less divergent, and less

deep than PUcalida Fhilippinarum.

Species 9. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula muricata. Pli. testd parvd, trigond, cinna-
moned, vcl albd, maculis trigonis, subradiatis pictd ;
plicis creberrimis, angulatis muricatif, aciiti siib-
aadeatis.

The mukicated Plicatula. Shell small, trigonal,
cinnamon coloured, or white, painted with tri-
gonal partly radiating spots ; plaits very numerous,
angular, muricated, acutely subaculeated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hal. ?

A very pretty, characteristic little species.

Species 10. (Fig. a, r, d, Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula Australis. Pli. tct^td snhrotundd, de-
pn't^sd, tcmiiksculd, niyro punclatd ; j)licis parvis,
numerosis, obtusis, divaricatis, rumosis, imbricatis,
prope marginem aeuleatis.

The Australian Plicatula. Shell roundish, depressed,
rather thin, black spotted ; plaits small, numerous,
obtuse, divergent, branclied, imbricated, aculeated
near the margin.

Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vol. vi. 85.

Huh. Australia, Lamarck. Philippines, Cuming.

The linguiform specimen is only an instance of
irregular growth.

Species 11. (Fig. 10, b, Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula acdleata. Pli. testd albd, ovatd, tenvi,

aculeis fornicatis divaricatis armatd.
The aculeated Plicatula. Shell white, ovate, thin,

armed with vaulted prickles.
Sowerby.

Plicatula duhia, var. Sowerby, Thes. Conch.
Hah. ?

October, 1873.

Pluafida tl.jy.

■^^ "^MZi^

§'^vi

%:

>^oi*;-

■<lf^5?'

■)n.

mm

VincraiBiooksi'ayAS

P L I C A T U L A.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, c, d, e, JIus. Brit.)

Plicatula Philippinai:um. Pli. testa magn't, solida,
pallide fulvd vel sitbcceruled, j^lerumque divaricatim
ruhro vel nigra lincald ; plicis magnis, continuis,
nonminquam divisis, ad angiduiii rwi<Mme iiii-
brkalis.

The PiiiLiiTiNE Pi.lCATULA. Slicll large, solid, pale
fulvous or bluish, generally divergently lineatcd
with red or black ; plaits large, contiiuiou.s,
occasionally divided, very rarely imbricated.

H.\NLEy. Recent Shell.^.

Hab. Various localities among the Philippine Islands.

The figures will show that this species is subject to
the usual irregularities in growth. Tlie plaits are
larger, more angular, and less branched than those ol'
Plicatula

Species i;5. (Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula dubia. Pli. tcstd tenui, foliace'i, depressd,
subrotundata ; plicis brevibus, intemiptis, irregu-
laribus, foliis extantibus, fornicatis, truncatis,
paucis ; colore fusco-rubescenti, casianeo maculato,
prope innboiies minute punctata.

TuE DUBIOUS Plicatula. Shell thin, foliaceous, de-
pressed, somewhat rounded ; plaits short, inter-

rupted, irregular, with extant vaulted, truncated,
few foliations; colour reddish-brown, spotted with
chestnut minutely dotted near the umbones.

IIaxley. Recent Shells. Sowerby's Thesaurus. Pli. f. 19.

Ilab. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

The small white shell figured in Thesaurus as

Plicatula duhia (var.) can scarcely belong to this

species. It is probably an irregular form of Plicalidn

Axi^tralis.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Plicatula Ceylonica. Pli. testd solidd, subtrigond,
pallide cinnamoned, jtostice producfd, acuminata,
2)l!cis jtiagnis, angulatis, valde divaricatis, imbri-
catis, liiieis divaricatis, brcvibus, cimiamoncis super
castas noiatis.

The Ceylon Plicatula. Shell solid, subtrigonal,
pale cinnamon, produced posteriorly, acuminated,
plaits large, angular, very divergent, imbricated,
marked on the ribs with short divergent cinnamon
lines.

SoWEItBY.

Ilab. Ceylon.

The ribs are sharply angular, branched, and im-
bricated ; characteristics which taken in connexion
with the widely distant locality prevent our placing the
shell as a variety of Plicatula Pldlipipinarum.

October, 1873.

F L 1 C A T U J. A.

lu-uleata., Soiverbj/ III.

Australis, Lamarck 111.

Ceylonica, »?oit'eciy IV.

cristata, Lamarck II.

deltoidea, Dunker, uiikimwii.

depressa, Lamarck- II.

dnhia, Hanley IV.

Essingtonensis, Soirerh/ III.

gibbof a, Jjaniixrck II.

imbricr.ta, il/««A-f I.

lineiita, lieclu/, uiikmiwii.

imiricaUi, A. Ailams III.

Nova;-ZeIandiae, Sowerbi/ I.

penicillata, Carpinter 1.

Philippinaruiii, lliinhii IV.

pllaita, Gmelin II.

Vixmoaa., Lamarck II.

1-egularis, Philippi, unknown.

re7»'/br;HiV, Lamarck II.

simplex, Gould I.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

EMARGINULA.

Full many a gem of purest ray serene

The dark unfathom'd caves of oceau bear." — Grai,

Enianji fluid li .1.

mi

-x/sr '-t^ty-'-'^-'-^-^

'4

'^^j*^

E M A R G I N U L A.

Plate I.

Genus EMAKGINULA, LaiwuH-.

Testa jialdliformk, plus minusive conica, plenimqu,
ovata, apice recurvo, radiatim costellata vel sul-
cata ; costd vel sulcos dorsali in Jlxsurum vel it
simim parvum ad manjinem anticum dcsinenti.

Shell patellitbrm, more or less conical, generally ovate, |
with apex recurved, radiately grooved or sulcated;
dorsal rib or groove ending in fissure or small
sinus at the anterior margin.

In place of the " key-hole" at the apex which
characterizes the genus Fissurella, there is in shells of I
the genus Emarjinula a cicatrix forming a grooved
ridge, when distinct, running from the apex to the
anterior margin and terminating either in an incised
slit, or a more or less perceptible sinus. The Emar-
ginulce are iirincipally inhabitants of deep water, the
larger number being obUiined by dredging on the
shores of Australia, the Philippines and West Indies.
There are three British and several Mediterranean
species.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Brit., &c.)

Emap.ginula i'.ugusa. Etna, testa ovatd, oblique conica,
viridi, fuscoque varie radiatd et pictd ; costis
radiantibus elevatis, distantibus, aspervlatis, cum
minoribus interstialibus, et liris conccntricis valide
canceJlatd ; margine intus a-cnulato, jissurd pro-
funda.

The rugose Emarginula. Shell ovate, obliquely
conical, rayed and painted variously with green
and brown, strongly cancellated with elevated,
distant, roughened radiating ribs, with smaller
interstitial ones, and concentric ridges ; margin
crenulated within, fissure deep.

QooT. Voyage de 1' Astrolabe.

Clypidina acuminata, A. Adams.

Clypidina Candida, A. Adams.

Clypidina annulata, A. Adams.

Clypidina fungina, Goidd.
Clypidina conoidca, Gould.
Clypidina aspera, Gould.
Emaiyiniila conoidea. Reeve.
Hub. Australia.

The long array of synonyms here cited results from
the great variation of form and condition to which this
species seem to bo liable, and to the extent of wearing
to which the sculpture has been exposed in different
individuals.

Spec

(Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit, and Sowerby.)

Emarginula tenuicostata. Ema. testa ovatd, j isciis
vi7-idis vel radiis fuscis pictd, costis numerosis,
noduliferis, et striis cmcentiicis minutis crebre
cancellatd; apice versus marginem posticim in-
curvo ; fissurd profunda, ijicisd.

The thin-ridbed Ehahginula. Shell ovate, painted
with green bands or brown rays, closely cancel-
lated with numerous beaded ribs and minute
concentric ridges; apex curved inwards towards
the posterior margin ; fissure deep, imised.

Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Fissurellida, Emar-
ginula, Sp. 32, fig. 17, 18.

Hab.^ ?

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula depressa. Ema. testa lata, depressd,
quinquelaterali, subviridi, costis crassis, nodosis,
quarum quinque majoribus radiatd; costd dorsali
brevi, elevatd, fssm-d extics inconspicud; apice
postico.

The depressed Emarginula. Shell broad, depressed,
five-sided, greenish, rayed with thick, knobbed
ribs, of which five are larger ; dorsal rib short,

August, 1874.

EMARGINULA.— Plate I.

raised, fissure inconspicuous outside ; apex

terior.
Blainville. Manual of Malacology.
Eab. Honduras Bay.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

EuARGiNULA HazARDi. Etna, testd ovali, alba, valde
depressd, postice latidsculd, costis subrotmdis et liris
numerosis regularibus concentricis concinne can-
cellatd ; apice postico, incttrvo ; fissurd incisd.

Huzard's Emarginula. Shell oval, white, much
depressed, posteriorly rather broad, neatly cancel-
lated with rather rounded ribs and numerous
regular concentric ridges ; apes posterior, cm-ved
inwards ; fissure incised.

Patraddeau. Proc. Zool. See, 1851.

Emarginula Cuvieri, Savigny.

Hab. Mediterranean.

The sculpture of this species is fine, regular, and
beautiful.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginola fissurata. Ema. testd lata, depressd,
crassd, purpurea, concolori vel nibro varierjatd ;
costis numerosis, granosis radiatd, antice paulo
angustatd ; apice paulo postico ; costd dorsali
elcvatd, fissurd hrevissimd, incisd.

The fissured Emarginula. Shell broad, depressed,
thick, purple of one colour, or varied with red;
rayed with numerous granular ribs, a little
narrowed anteriorly ; apex a little posterior ;
dorsal rib raised, fissure very short, incised.

Chemnitz. Conch. Cab. vol. x.

Emarginula variegata, A. Adams.

Eab. Philippines.

A very solid, broad species, not in danger of being

confounded with anything else.

EntnniuiuJa 11 H.

VuK.ejiL Brooks 13a.y &Soii.top

E M A R G I N U L A.

Species C. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Emarginit.a I'Ol.YiiiiXALls. Eiiui. testa oralv-ortoi/iiinl,
albiili'i, (-/ejircsso-coiiia'i, apice su/jccntrali, postict'
paulO inclinato, laterihus subcompresgis ; radii's octo
princi/ialiliiis subiiodonis, interstitialihus miiioribiis,
alter, atis ; Jisswd Ircvissiiiid, intas in caiialim,
extitg in costam cvntimia.

Thk many-sidki) Emahginula. Shell ovato-octagoiiul,
wliitish, depressed-conical, apex subcentral, a
little inclined posteriorly, sides rather conijiressed ;
eight principal rays prominent, subnodoso, the
interstitial ones smaller, alternating; fissure very
short, continued in a canal inside, and a rib
outside.

A. Adams. Pro.-. Zool. S<.c., l.SGI. Sowerby 's The-
saurus, f. 78, 90.

Emarrjiiiida dentiriilutn, A. Adams. The young ^tatc
of this species.

Hah. Catanuan, I'hilippines.

Species 7. (Mus. Rrit.)

Emarginula iTLCiiUA. Enia. testd subdcprcssa, sub-
ovatd, viridi radiata, antice an gusliit scald ; costis
dentatis, pusticis majoribus ; dorso anti :e convcxo,
postice di'jyresso, apice paulu postice inclinato ; tcsld
intiis viridi varierjatd ; fi.^sura brevi, inchd.

The heautiful Emaucinula. Shell subdepressed,
subovate, rayed with green, narrower anteriorly ;
ribs dentated, the posterior ones the larger ; back
anteriorly convex, posteriorly depressed, apex a
little posteriorly inclined ; shell within varied
with green ; fissure short, incised.

A. Adam.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851. Sowerby's The-
saurus, f. 50-51.

Emarginula picta, Dunker.

ITab. Isl. Catanuan, Philippines.

This species was collected by Mr. Cuming on rocks
exposed at low water.

Species 8. (Mus. Sowerby.)

nulNULA CA.NCELLATA. Kllia. trstd iiriltd , filbd,
iccurvd ; aistis radiantibiis, alteriKili^, iiltrnmlim
mimiribus, et rujis ti'mribtm nviiiirnsi^.^iiiiis nm-
ccntricisrcj/idaritcr rancillatd ; dorso nntirr noiri'.i'o,
postici' <:oii,;n-n ; jissiird iari-<d, tomjiit.scutd ; apice
poslico, rrciirco ; c„s/.} jissnni/l JoccolatA.
CANCELLATED KMAi;iiiNi)LA. Shell ovatc, white,
recurved ; regularly cancellated with radiating
ribs altei-nately smaller, aud with very numerous,
fine concentric wrinkles ; back anteriorly convex,
jiosteriorly concave ; fissure incised, rather long ;
ajicx posterior, recurved ; (issural rib pitted.

.iiTl. Enum. Sicil.

. Panonna.

Species 9. (Mus. Jeffreys.)

E>rAUGiNTi.A uosKA. Eiiia. testa pared, curvd, albo-
rosescenti, radiativi costis crassiusculis paticis,
ctmccntricefoveis intcrstitia/dms eaiieellald ; apice

■atide inciirvo, post manjiio

roducto.

d rso arcitato, elevato, Jissuoi incisd, brcvitisculd.

The eosy E.mahginula. Shell small, curved, rosy-
white, cancellated radiately with rather thick, few
ribs, concentrically with interstitial pits; apex
strongly incurved, produced beyond the posterior
margin, back arched, elevated, fissure incised,
rather short.

Bell. Zool. Journ., vol. i.

Emarginula conica, Blainville.

Emarginula curmrostris, Deshayes.

Emarginula pileolus, Michaud.

Ilab. Great Britain. Mediterranean.

Species 10. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Emarginula fuliginea. E7na. testd parvd, ovatd,
depressd, minutii costatd, fuligined, radiatim nigra

October, 1873.

EMARGINLTLA.— Plate II.

variegaid, inlus subvh-idis ; apice ohtuso, suhcfiitraH
viridescenti ; Jissw-d brevissimd.

The smokt Emarginula. Shell small, ovate, depressed,
minutely ribbed, sooty, radiately variegated vritli
black, greenish within ; apex obtuse, subcentral,
greenish ; fissure very short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851. Sowerby's The-
saurus, f. 7, 8.

Ifab. ?

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Kmaeginula sulcifera. Ema. testa ovali, depresso-
conicd, intiis viridescenti, extHs fusro-purpired ;
apice ohtuso, postico ; costellis striisque, radiantihus
incequalihiis ; margine intei'no crenulato, nigro
punctata ; canali Jissurali lateralis intiis prof undo ;
fissurd parvd.

The grooved Emarginula. Shell oval, depressed-
conical, greenish within, purplish- brown without ;
apex obtuse, posterior ; radiating ribs and strise
unequal; inner margin crenulated, spotted with
black; fissural canal lateral, deep within; fissure
small.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851. Sowerby's The-
saurus, f. 84, 85.

Hah. ? Mus. Cuming.

This is the only species in which the fissure and the
canal leading to it are placed, as in Siplionaria, a Uttle
on one side.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

EsiARGiNULA CRATITA. Eiiia. tcstd ovatd, coidcd, albidd ;
costis radiantihus acute nodosis, distaniibiis, inter-
stitiis cancellatis, apice oltusiUsculo, paulb post-
mediano ; costd Jissurali elevatd, Jissurd brevissimd.

The wattled Emarginula. Shell ovate, conical,
whitish ; radiating ribs sharply nodose, distant,
interstices cancellated, apex rather obtuse, post-
median ; fissural rib elevated, fissure very short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. ?

The type specimen in the Cumingian Collection was

unaccompanied by any information as to its locality.

Species 13. (Mus. Sowerby.)
Emarginula concinna. Uma. testd elongatd, depressd,

alba ; costis radiantihus numerosis, subnodosis ;

inttrstitiis cancellatis ; apice postico, subTnarginali,

arcuato, dorso arcuato, costd Jissu7'ali foveolatd .

Jissurd elongatd.
The neat Emarginula. Shell elongated, depressed,

white ; radiating ribs numerous, slightly nodose ;

interstices cancellated ; apex posterior, nearly

marginal, arched, back arched, fissural rib ribbed ;

fissure elongated.
A. Adams. Proc Zool, Soc, 1851.
Hah. Mediterranean ?

Distinguished from ilarginclla elongata, of Philippi,
by the dorsal curve and the nearly marginal position
of the apex.

itff^-fciitiMI^

Eiihirijiiiiilti 11 ill.

if '!^^

^

Viiirciu Brookb Day k Son 1

E M A R G I i\ U L A.

Species 1-1. (Mus. lirit.)

Emarginl'la vi.minka. Ema. testd suhconicd, palli-
dissiinc fulvd, radiatiiii Jasciatd ; castcllis radian-
tibus nodu/osis, iiuequalibus, numerosis, lirisi/ve
concentricis, crassis cancellatd ; apice paii/d
incurvo, post-mediano ; costd Jissm-ali elevatd.
creniilati'i, Jissurd brevissiina.

The wicKKit-vvoi'.K Emarginula. Shell nithcr conical,
very pale fulvous, radiately banded ; cancellated
with nodose, unequal, numerous, radiating ribs
and thick concentric ridges ; apex a little incurved,
post-medial ; fissural rib elevated, crenulatcd ;
fissure very short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18,')1. Sowerby's The-
saurus, f. 12.
Philippines.

m

Species 15. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Emarginula galericdl.ita. Emu. tc^ti'i pa/-v'i, oratd,
subdepressd, ctirvd, tenuite canal /aid ; apire pitsl-
marginali, dorso convexo ; cicatrice Jksundi dcprci-so,
foveolato ; Jissurd elongatd.

The cap-shaped Emarginula. Shell small, ovatf,
rather depressed, curved, finely cancellated ; apex
post-marginal, back convex ; fissural cicatrix de-
pressed, pitted ; fissure elongated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISol.

Hab. Calapan, Isl. Mindoro, Philippines.

Species IG. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula capulifor5IIs. Ema. tcsid juirv'i, un-
cinnatd, elevatd, albidd, costis validis paucis
subccqiiidibus et rugis transversis iiiterstitialibus
cancellatd ; apice posl-marginali, valide incurvo,
dorso convexo, perelevato ; Jissur'd brevi.

The hooded Emarginula. Shell small, hooked,
elevated, whitish, cancellated with few strong,
nearly equal ribs and transverse interstitial

ridges; apex post inarginnl. strongly in
back convex, niurh cleviitcil ; lissui-c sliDrt

PniLippi. Enuiu. Mull. Sirilur, 1. T. vii. f. I-'.

llab. Mediterranean.

The circumference of this small shell is so
and the curved elevation ofihe back so high, that it
almost a curnucoiiia iu form.

>j)ecies 1 / .

ItGINl'I.A ELONGATA.
cuniru, iilhd; rusti.^
tih„s ,inar,na pin,
d nnjis rniicviitrin.

(Mus. Sowerby.)

Emu. ohhiiiijd, subdepressd,
r(ii/i(iiilihii.< riilidis, suldistan-
■»(/>■ jiii:<tiri.< promiiientioribus,
'iitirstili.ilihiis c'liir, II, ltd ; apice

post-mi'iliiiiio, aruto, poslicr iiicliiuihi ; cicatrice
Jissui-dli d,pressd, forcnlatd ; Jissurd iiicisd, longi-
tudiue ,m;li„rri.

The ELox(iATi:D Emarginula. Shell oblong, subde-
pressed, conical, white ; cancebated with strong,
rather distant radiating ribs, of which several
posterior ones are more prominent, and concentric
interstitial ridges ; apex post-medial, sharp, in-
clined posteriorly ; fissural cicatrix depressed,
pitted; fissure incised, of medium lengtli.

Costa. Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil.

Hub. ilediterranean.

Species 18. (Mus. L5rit.)

Emarginula incisura. Ema. testd oblongd, depressd,
2iallide fulvd, postice mngis e.rpansd, antice magis
elevatd, costis crehris, sulroiundis, radiantihis, et
striis concentricis sculptd ; apiice ante-mediano,
recurvo, dorso convexo ; Jissurd incisd, elongatd.

The incised Emarginula. Shell oblong, depressed,
iiale fulvous, more expanded at the back, more
elevated in front, sculptured with rather rounded,
close ribs and conctutric striic ; apex ante-

October, 1873.

EMARGINULA.— Plate TII.

medial, reoiirved, back convex; fissure incised,
elongated.
A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. ?

The locality of this remarkable shell in the Cumin-
gian collection is not known.

Species 19. (Mns. Brit.)

Emarginula Austkalis. Emu. irstd conlca, clevatd,
rotundatim ovaid, jmllide fulrd, costis radiantibus
scabris iruBqualihis, et lineis concentricis dccussatd,
costis tnhus aniicis magnis ; apice paulo post-
mediano, recurvo, acumiiiato, elevato ; jissurd brcvis-
simd.

The Australian Emarginula. Shell conical, elevated,
roundly ovate, pale fulvous, decussated with
uneqtial radiating and concentric lines, three
anterior ribs large; apex a little post-medial,
recurved, acuminated, elevated ; figure very short.

QroY ET GADtARD. Voy. Astr.

Hab. Australia.

Species 20. (Mus Brit.)
Emarginula planulata. Ema. testa depressd, paUid'c
fulvd, postice puinulatd, productd, antice brevi,
convexiusculd ; costis numerosis subcequalibus, de-

pressis radiatd ; apice remiriw, muUo anf-mediano ;
Jissurd incisd, elongatd.

The flattened Emarginula. Shell depressed, pale
fulvous, posteriorly flattened, produced, anteriorly
short, rather convex ; rayed with numerous nearly
equal depressed ribs ; apex recurved, very ante-
medial ; fissure incised, elongated.

Akthui: Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Ilab. Philippines.

This species difl^ers from Emargimda incisura prin-
cipally in the sculpture.

Species 21. (Mus. Brit.)

iiNULA CLTPEOS. Eiua. testd pallide fulvd,
depressd, costellis radiantibus numerosis sub-
cequalibus et striis concentricis decussatd ; lateribus
rectiiisculis ; costis tribus posticis majoribus ; apice
centrali, paulo recurvo, fissurd incisd, elongatd.

The shield Emarginula. Shell p;ile fulvous, depressed,
decussated with numerous radiating nearly equal
ribs and concentric strise ; sides rather straight,
three posterior ribs larger ; apex central, a little
recurved, fissure incised, elongated.

Arthur Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1873.

Ilab. Philippines.

Em a. ,//// // /ii PI ly

#1

%'f|

Vmoent Eroote Day X:5oi

E M A R G I N U L A.

.Species 22. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit.)

KMAi:(il.NUL.\ VAEIEGATA. Ema. testi'i, suhconicd, depn
lata, punctis radiisque varicgatd ; apice obtuso,pi
post-mediani ; costis iiiceqiialibus,numerosis, j-iigi
hinc-illic nigi-o quasi-articulatis ; Jissnrd brevi.

Thk v.\r.iKG.\T£D Ejiakginula. shell rather coui
depressed, broad, varied with spots and rays ; a
obtuse a little behind the middle ; rib.s iiiic(|
numerous, rugose, here and there svemii
articulated with black : fissure sliort.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, IS.')!.

Hab. Australia.

Nearly ot' the ibrni of Einan/inula fulojinai.

with rouifher and strocger ribs.

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)

K.MAIMUNULA DILECTA. EllUl. imtd dtprCSSd, jlOSticC

latiusculd, albidd ; apice subrelrorso ; costis sub-

asqvxilibus, suhdistmitibus ; interstitiis concentric!:

liratis ; Jissurd subekmgatd.
The choice Emarginula. Shell depressed, rather

broad posteriorly, whitish ; apex leaning a little

backwards ; ribs nearly equal, rather distant ;

interstices conccntricalh' ridged ; fissure rather

lengthened.
A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.
Ilab. George's Sound, South Australia.

The regularly concentric ridges shown in the inter-
stices give this little shell a be<iutifully cancellated
appearance.

Species 24. (JIus. Brit.)
Emai:gi.\-l'LA f>B0VATA. Ema. testd dfp7-essd, albidd,
posticl' subexpansii, antice awpistiusculd ; apire
paulo post-mediani, recui-vo ; costis imbncatis et
liris conceiitricis parvis cancellatd ; casta fissurali
/ovcolatd,tissiird snbelonyatd, iiirisd.

The ohuvate Emahginula. Shell depressed, whitish,
a little expanded posteriorly, rather narrow
anteriorly ; apex a little behind the middle,
recurved ; cancellated with imbricated ribs, and
small concentric ridges ; Hssural rib pitted, fissure
rather long, incised.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, ItSal.

Ilab. Catbalonga, Isl. Saniar, H. Cuming.

Species 2.'>. (Mus. Brit.)

Emakginula rcKCTiccLAiA. Enta. testa cllij)licd,postict-
paulii latim-i, albidd, costis radiantibus, ntyosis, siib-
distantihis et liris tenuibus conceittrids reticulatd ;
apiri: pustico acuta recurvo ; cicatrice Jissurali
planulutd ; Jissurd latd, breviusculd.

The ruNCTicuLATED FisscKELLA. Shell ellijjtic, a
little broader posteriorly, whitish, reticulated with
rough, rather distant radiating ribs and thin con-
centric ridges; apex posterior, sharp, recurved;
fissural cicatrix flattened ; fissure liruad, rather
short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool Soc, Is.'il.

Hab. .'

Quite distinct from En
although similar in form.

■tula

ulpture

S])ecies 20. (Mus. Brit.)

Emai;g1N-ULA chassa. Eiim. testd luaynd, ehcald. coined,
solidd, albd, postice latiori, ca.^lcllis uiiniit' nodosis,
incequalibus, fasciculatis, radiatd ^ a/ncc rttrorso,
post-mediani, cix incurvo.

The thick Emahgixula. Shell large, elevated, conical,
solid, white, posteriorly broader, rayed with
minutely nodose uneipial fasciculated riblets;

December, 1S73.

EMARGINULA.— Plate IV.

apex bent backwards, post-medial, scarcely bent

inwards.
J. SowERBT. Min. Con., PI. 33
Emarginula solidula, Costa.
Hab. Great Britain, Mediterranean.

Species 27. (Fig. b, c, PI. VIH., Mus. Brit.)

E.MAiiiiiNUL.A. EMENDAT.\. E7mi. testct ovali, conica, lata,
fused ; apice elevato, incurvo, valde post-mediani ;
costis cequalibus, rotundis, crebris ; Jissurd elongatd,
angustd, prope marginem amtracta, ad marginein
clausd.

The men'ded Emarginula. Shell oval, conical, broad,
brown ; apex elevated, incurved, much behind the
middle ; ribs equal, rounded, close ; fissure
elongated narrow, contracted near the margin,
closed at the margin.

SowEur.Y. Thesaurus Conchylioruni. Emarginula, sp. 31,
f. 11.

ll„h. ?

By the curious way in which the edges of the fissure
are drawn together towards the margin till closed, this
shell becomes a sort of link between the genera Rimula
and Kiiiiirgiinilii.

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)

KGiNULA cucuLLATA. Ema. testd ovatd, elevatd,
albidd, anticc contractd ; costis validis postice rnagis

distantihus, radiantibus, et liris concentricis reticu-
latd ; apice elevato retrorsim, arcuato, multo post-
mediani ; Jissurd latd, elongatd, incisd.

The hooded Emarginula. Shell ovate, elevated,
whitish, anteriorly contracted, reticulated with
strong radiating ribs more distant posteriorly and
concentric ridges ; apex elevated, arched backward,
much behind the middle ; fissure broad, elongated,
incised.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. See, 1851.

Hab. Singapore.

Found on larger shells in five fathoms of water.

Species 2'J. (Fig. a. b, Mus. Brit.)

Emarginlua Adamsiana. Ema. testd pallide rosed,
ellipticd, costis magnis rugosis, et parvis intermediis
radiantibus, et lii-is concentricis incequalibus sca-
brosis cancellatd; dorso arcuato; apice post
marginem posiicum declinato ,- Jissurd longiitsculd,
incisd.

Adams's Emarginula. Shell pale rose, elliptic ; can-
cellated with large rugose radiating ribs, and
unequal scabrous concentric ridges ; back arched ;
apex bent over beyond the posterior margin ;
fissure rather long, incised.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Emarginula, sp.
20, f. 27, 28.

Ilab. Japan.

This species slightly resembles Emarginula rosea, but

the ribs are much lewer and coarser.

EiiKU'ciiiiulaFl. y.

•^l

E M A R G 1 N U L A.

Species ,50. (Mus. Brit.)

Emai:g[xi'I.a scahril'scl'la. Ema. teMa ovato-siib-
qiiadrata, subdepressd, pallidl' fidcd,fusco-ruhescenti
■nittculatd, anlice angustiuaculd, poslice prope niar-
ginem tumidA, dorso arcuato, apice recttrvo, post-
luediani ; coslis radiantibus crassis, rugosis, distan-
tibiis, interstitiis cancellatis ; Jiasurd elongatd, incisd.

The scabrous Emaegindi.a. Shell ovately subquadrate,
subdepressed, pale fulvous, spotted with reddish-
brown, rather narrow anteriorly, tumid posteriorly
near the margin, back arched, apex recurved, post-
medial ; radiating ribs thick, rough, distant, with the
interstices cancellated ; fissure elongated, incised.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1801.

Hab. Japan.

Species 31 . (Fig. «, b, Mus. ?)

EslAnfilNfLA PL-NX'TATA. KlIKl. tC.itd plirvd, orato-Kub-
ivtiiri'hi, deprcfisd ; costis radiantibus /Hirris, distanti-
bus, nigro punc.tatis ; interstitiis striatic ; apice obtnso,
post-mediani ; ftssurd //ick^j.

The dotted Emarginula. Shell small, rounded ovate,
depressed; radiating ribs small, distant, spotted
with black ; interstices striated ; apex obtuse, post-
medial ; fissure incised.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. San Nicholas, Isl. Zebu, Philippines.

A little neatly spotted species so shortly oval as to be
nearlv round.

species

(Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Emarginvla macclata. Ema. testa parvd, ovatd,
depressd. minute radiiilim costafd, intei-stitiis con-
cditriri' liratis ; dorso arcuatn, griseo maculato ;
apicr recurvo, marginem declinato.

The spotted Emarginula. Shell small, uvate, de-
pressed, minutely radiately ribbed, interstices
concentrically ridged ; back arched, spotted with
grey; apex recurved, bent over behind the
margin.

A. iVoAMS. Soworby's Thesaurus. Emarginula. sp. "27,
f. 31, 32.

Hab. Gotto, Japan.

Species 33. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Emargin'ula reticulata. Ema. testd alba, cvnicd,
elevatd, costis validis radiantibus, et liris coneen-
t}'icis reticulald; interstitiis profundi foveoLatis ;
apice retrorso, acuto ; Jissurd elongatd, incisd.

The reticulated Emarginula. Shell white, conical
raised, reticulated with strong radiating ribs and
concentric ridges ; interstices deeply pitted : apex
leaning b.ackwards, sharp ; fissure elongated
incised.

J. SowERBT. Mineral Conchology.

1 atcllajissvra (pars.), Linna'us.

Emarginula IcBvis, Keeling.

Emarginula reticosa, A. Adams.

Hab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Species 34. (Mus. Cuming.)

Emarginula Vanikoroensis. Ema. testd latd, conicd,
arcuatd, tenui, ajbidd, antic!: angustiiiaculA ; costis
latis, tumidis distantibus ; margine cremdatv ; apice
post-mediani, Jissurd breri.

The Vanikoro Emarginula. Shell broad, conical,
arched, thin, white, rather narrow anteriorly :
ribs broad, tumid, distinct ; margin crenulated :
apex post-medial, fissure short.

Quor. Voyage de I'Astrolabe.

Hab. Vanikoro.

December, 1873.

EMARGINULA.— Plate V.

Species 35. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula CLATHiiATA. E7na. tcstd dcpressd, alhidd,
laid, costis radiandbus rotimdis, suhdistantibus, et
liris concentricis cancellatd, interstitiis foveolaiis ;
apice armatim retrorso ; fssurd elongatd, angustd,
incisd.

The cross-barred Emarginula. Shell depressed, white,
broad, cancellated with rather distant rounded
radiating ribs, and concentric ridges with pitted
interstices ; apex arched backwards ; fissure elon-
gated, narrow, incised.

Pease .'' Sowerby's Thesaurus. Emarginula,

species 7, f. 54.

Hah. Sandwich Islands.

Species 36. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Emarginula bellula. Ema. testa ovatd, albd, arcuatd,
ventricosd ; apice post-mediani, dcclinato ; costis
distantihis, prnmincntibus, et liris intermediis suh-
echinafis ; caiind Jissvrali foveolatd ; fisumi
elongatd.
The beautiful Emarginula. Shell ovate, white, arched,
ventricose ; apex post-medial, bent down ; ribs

distant, prominent, and small intermediate ones
nearly spinose ; fissural keel pitted ; fissure elon-
gated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

This pretty shell is distinguished from Emarginula
canccllata by its aciileated sculpture.

Species 37. (Mus. Brit.)

Euakginula scutulata. Evia. testa oblongd, pKilygona,
subdepressd, viridi concentrice fasciatd ; costis
/■v^gosis inmquaUhus, fasciculatis ; apice obtuso,
post-mediani; cicatrice fissurali depressd, niinut'c
fimeolatd, fissurd brevi, incisd.

The shield-shaped Emarginula. Shell oblon.L', poly-
gonal, subdepressed, concentrically banded with
green ; ribs rough, iinequal, collected in bundles ;
apex obtuse, post-medial ; fissural cicatrix de-
pressed, minutely pitted, fissure short, incised.

Deshayes ? Sowerby's Thesaurus. Emarginula,

sp. 45, fig. 53.

Hab. ?

Eniarqumhi.Vl-yi.

m,

%

'^iTishv del rt M

VmcenlBrooksDiviSoc Imp

E M A R G I N U L A.

Plate VI.

Species 38. (Mus. Brit.)

EsunoiNULA ciussicosTATA. Ettia. testa parvd, suhovatA,
antice latiusciild, rtujosd ; costis radiantihus nume-
rosis, OKjuaiibus, nodulosis, interstitiis concentrire
regulariter liratis, foveolatis ; apice poslico ; durso
arcuato ; cicatrice jUsurali elcvato ; fismifd elonijatd.

Tut TiiicK-KiuBED Emarginula. Shell Small, subcvate,
anteriorly rather broad, mgose ; radiating ribs
numerous, equal, nodulose, interstices concentri-
cally ridged, pitted ; apex posterior ; back arched ;
tissural cicatrix elevated, fissure elongated.

SowEnuv. Thesaurus Conchyliorura. Fissurollida?, PI.
XI. tig. 42.

//„/,. >

Species 31

(Mus

.-it.)

Emai!Gini;i.a ciiAssii.Ai'.itrM. Eiiia. Itsti'i annprettfd,
postice expwifd, fulvd, partim suhciiiered,
quinque-angulatd, costeUis incegualibus, validis, ad
aiiijiilos prominentioi-ibus, posticis dupUcatis radintd,
maiyiiie dentato ; npice obtxso paulu antico ; codd
Jisnindi prominent i, Jissurd brevi, quadratd.

The TMiCK-itiisBED Emauim.n-l-la. Shell compressed, |
posteriorly expanded, fulvous, partly subcinereous,
tive-angled, rayed with unequal, strong ribs, mure
prominent at the angles, the posterior ones doubled,
margin toothed ; apex obtuse, a little anterior ;
tissural rib prominent, fissiu-e short, square.

A. AuAMS. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18J!.

Ilah. ?

A very liinpet-Ukc shell, with no tendency in the

beak to curve.

The nodulous Emarginula. Shell fulvous-green, ele-
vated, arched, rayed with seven thick lobed, broad ,
prominent ribs, pitted between the ribs ; tissural
rib narrow, prominent ; fi.ssurc internal ; apex re-
curved, back arched.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. Sibonga, Isl. Zebu, Philippines.

The ribs are thickly clubbed and the fissure is only
visible on the inner edge.

Species tl. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula Cumingii. Kma. tesld compressd, pallide
fulvd, medio et versus apicem viridi pictd ; costin
rugntis, rotundis, inceqvaliter Jhscini/atis nidiatd :
margine expanso, lobato, octangidnto ,• :ipic, nbtiico,
ante-mediani ; Jissurd brevi, incisd.

Ci-mixg's Emarginula. Shell compressed, pale fulvous,
painted with green in the middle and towards the
apex; rayed with wrinkled, rounded, unequally
grouped ribs; margin expanded, lobed, octangular;
apex obtuse, ante-median ; fissure short, incised.

SowEinn-. Thesaurus Couchyliorum. Fissurellida;, PI.
XII. 76 ; Emarginula, .species 76.

Hab. Australia.

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)

i.i.ixi'LA NuDULosA. Eiiia. testd fulvo-i'iridi, clinitii,
'uvuatd, costis septem crassis, lobatis, latis, proiiii-
nentibus radiatd, inter castas foveolatd ; casta Jis-
surali angustd, prominenti ; Jissurd internd ; apice
recurvo, dorso arcuato.

Species 42. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

EmARl; INULA NOTATA. Ewd. tl'slil 0Vilt„-snln-i>tll lidi'l.

ibpressd, latd, suJicu moO, ri,t;/is iniin, i,,si.<, i/ejiressis,
nigris radiatd, iiitas .-■./ iinirijnt, ,„ liii, is „i,/ris ornat!-
dispositis notatd ; apir,' J'Ius.'.kuI, -m, i/i, mi ; Jissurd
inconspicud.

The MARKED Emarginula. Shell ovate-subrotund, de-
pressed, broad, bluish, rayed with numerous de-
pressed, black ribs, marked inside at the margin
with black lines ornately disposed ; apex obtuse,
ante-median ; fissure inconspicuous.

Linnteus (Patella). Systema Naturse.

Hab. ?

December, 1873.

BMAEGINULA.— Plate VI.

The fissure in this species is only represented by a
slight groove in the interior, scarcely perceptible at the
margin. The black lines are placed in ornamentally
festooned clusters on the margin.

Species 43. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

E.MAi'.GiNULA Paniiiensis. Ediq. testd elevatd, arcuatd,
vin'di, cancellata, costis nodulosis, validis, posticis
et lateralibus submquaUhus, trihus anticis magnis,
]>ro7ninentibus, divisis radiaid ; margine antico
elevato ; dnrso arcuato, apicc postico, acnte re-
ciirvo.

The Panhi Ejiarg inula. Shell elevated, arched, green,
cancellated, rayed with nodulose, strong ribs, the
hinder and lateral ones nearly equal, three in front
large, prominent, divided ; anterior margin ele-

vated ; back arclied, apex posterior, acutely re-
curved.

Quor. Voyage de 1' Astrolabe.

EmarginuJa dathrata, Adams and Reeve.

Hob. Panhi ; Quoy. Philippines ; Cuming.

Species 44. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Emargln'ula solidula. I'Mci. testa parvd, alba, solidd,
ovatd, paulo elevatd ; costis rotundis, subnodosis
radiaid ; interstiis angiistis ; apice post-mediani ;
fissurd elongatd, incisd.

The solid Emarginula. Shell small, white, solid,
ovate, little elevated; rayed -vvith rounded sub-
nodose ribs; interstices narrow; apex post-median;
fissure elongated, incised.

Philippl Enum. Sicil.

Hab. Mediterranean. Japan

EiuartjiuuJa PI VU

Sowei 1 7 <U el In}.

VmcenlliroalifniviS

E I\l A K G I N U L A.

Spocies 45. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Emarginul.v CANDIDA. Ema. testd alba, arcuatd, ovatd,
costis validis, nodosis, siibcrqiialibus circci vi<jiiitl,
radiatd, interstitiis concentrice liratis el foveolatis ;
apice vakU retroi-so ; dorso arcuato ; fismrd brevi,
sid)qnadratd, incisd.

The white E.margixula. Shell white, arched, ovate,
rayed -with about twenty strong, nodose, nearly
equal ribs, with concentrically ridged and pitted
interstices; apex much recurved; back arched;
fissure short, rather square, incised.

A. Ada.ms. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchylioruni. Fis-
surellida;, Eniarginida, sp. 16, figs. 45, 40.

Hab. Port Adelaide, Australia.

This species is of excpiisite sculpture.

Species 4G. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula pumila. £ma. lestd. jmrvA, pallide
fused, de])ressd, costis incequalihis, rotundis, con-
trice 1-ugatis radiatd ; costAJissurali elevatd ; fifsurd
incisd; breviiisculd ; apice ohtuso, subcentrali.

The dwarfish Em.^rginula. Shell small, pale brown,
depressed, rayed with unequal rounded concentri-
cally wrinkled ribs ; fissural rib raised ; fissiu-e
incised, rather short; apex obtuse, nearly central.

Arthur Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. Honduras.

A little patella-like species with coarse sculpture.

Species 47. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula striatula. Ema. testd pared, aWA, ob-
longd, depressA, costis incei^ualibus, subrotundis,
tribus posticis et quatuor anticis majoribus, laterali-
bus minoribiis, paucis intermedis radiatd, interstitiis
tenuiter concentrice striatis ; apice post-uiediani
obtuso, fissurd incisd, oblongd.

The little stri.\ted E.margin-ula. Shell small, white.

oblong, depressed, rayed with unequal, rather
rounded ribs, the three posterior and four anterior
larger, and the lateral smaller, a few intermediate,
with finely, concentrically striated interstices ;
apex post-median, fissure incised, oblong.

tJi'OT. A'oyage de rAstrolabe.

Hah. Australia.

Species 48. (Mus. Brit.)

E.MAiiraxL'LA LjEvicost.^ta. Ema. testd parvd, albd,
fjriseti railiis latis pictd, depressA, postice rotunda,
anlice ani/iistiori, ungulatd, subplanulatd, costis
sublcevigalis i-ai/ialii, inlir^liis eoncinne foveolatis
et costellis iiitcrslitiiilibiis niris ; apice paulb post-
mediani ; Jissnrd incisd, oblongd.

The S.M00TH-R1BI1ED Emarginula. Shell small, white,
painted with grey in broad rays ; depressed, rounded
posteriorly, narrower anteriorly, angular, rather
flat, rayed with rather smooth ribs, with interstices
neatly pitted and a few interstitial riblets ; apex a
little post-median ; fissure incised, oblong.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851 ; Sowerby's Tbes.
Conch. Fissurellidw, Plate V., fig. 57.

Hab. ?

A pretty little species, with the ribs rather smooth.

Species 49. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula aculeata. Einu. testd pared, elongatd,
fulvA, fiisco radiatd, posiicH rotundd, antice angus-
tiori, costis prominentibus, subnodosis postice
vaUdioribus radiatd ; interstitiis concentrice lii-atis :
apice recurvo, aculeato, post-mediano.

The aculeated Emarginula. Shell small, elongated,
fulvous, rayed with brown, rounded posteriorly,
narrower anteriorly, rayed with prominent, rather
nodose ribs, the posterior stronger, interstices con-

December, 1873.

EMARGINULA.— Plate VII.

oentrically ridged ; apex recurved, nculeated, post-
median.

A Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.51.

//„/,. ?

The narrow brown rays give a spriglitliness of ap-
pearance to this pretty little species.

Species 50. (Mus. Brit.)

E.MAiiGiKULA L.\TA. Enui. tcsti'i di'/irps.-'i'i. pollijc fuli-ci,
suhquadi-'ili'i, mslis niijuxis. riilidi.-!. iiKriiiKilibvs,
lateralitir siil.roNi/inssis r.uliatu. iii/cis/iliis iincjus-
tis ; co^tilji,<siinili (la-iitn ; Jh.<iii;i juirra, qiKiilrata ;
api'rc ceiitrali, uhliiso.

The broad Emaiiginula. Shell depressed, pale fulvous,
aubquadrate, rayed with rough, strong, unequal,
laterally rather compressed ribs, with narrow in-
terstices ; fissural rib raised ; fissure small, square ;
apex central, obtuse.

QuoY. Voyage de I'Astrolabe.

,Siili,'inori/iimla catilhis, A. Adams.

/Mk Australia.

Species 51. (Fig. -(. /;, I^his. Brit.)

IIXULA ALVKOLAIA. A'/«a. ti'dii Jiull/di' fulc

raWi, siihcovici't, elerald, co.^tis ortodecim circ

rrassis, rugatis radiatd; intersfitiis concentiice
liratis ; apice postico, retrorso, dorso antice arcuato,
pnstice infm apicem fere perpend'iculariter declivi ;
fi.^.<:urd hrf'ri.

The CHANNELLED Emarginula. Shell pale fulvous,
ovate, rather conical, elevated, rayed with about
eighteen thick, wrinkled ribs with concentrically
ridged interstices ; apex posterior, turned back ;
back arched anteriorly, almost perpendicu-
larly sloped posteriorly below the apex ; fissure
short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hab. Honduras.

Species 52. (Mus. Brit.)

Emai:ginula longifiss.*. Ema. testa oblongd, depressd,
svbquadratd, costis anticis distantibtts, majorihus
luterulibus compressis radiatd ; apice loinje post-
mediani ; fissurd elongatd, incisd.

The long-slit Emarginula. Shell oblong, depressed,
subquadrate, rayed with ribs, the anterior ones
distant, lateral ones compressed ; apex far behind
the middle ; fissure lengthened, incised.

SowEKBY, Thesaurus Conchyliorunh Fissurellidss,
Emarginula, species 19, PI. XL f 62.

I/ab. —)

M

t

liuKiniuiiild. I 'I Mil

\^m)

f

8

Vuicsiil BnwksDiy * Son toy

E M A II G I N U L A.

Kmarctixi-la emexpata, Sowerh'/. The first figure, given
in a previous place, is that of a dark variety, the
lighter variety now figured being drawn from
specimens in the British Museum under tlio name
of Emavginula Paivana. Crosse.

Species iJ.'S. (Mus. Hrit.) ,

Emarginula sculpiiilis. Ema. testa depressd, antici
snhqitadratd, posticc sulacumiuata ; costis rufjatis
decern concinne sculptis quavum tribus po.<tici.<
magiiig, trilius anticis imijorilms, radiat't, pallitli-
fulva, macidis fuscis inter castas pictd ; apice obtiisn,
pmdo post-mediani ; costd Jhsumli prominenti ; JU-
sura hrevUsimd.

TuE SCUI.PTUHED Emakgixit.a. Shell depressed, ante-
riorly rather square, posteriorly slightly acumi-
nated ; rayed with ten wrinkled, neatly sculjiturcd
ribs, of which the three posterior are large and
the three anterior very large, pale fulvous, jiainted
with brown spots between the ribs ; ajiex olituse,
a little post-median ; fissural rib prominent; fissure
very short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, l.s.'d.

Hah. Calapan, Mindoro, Philippines.

Peculiarly distinguished by rows of brown spots
between the well-sculptured ribs.

Species 54. (Brit. Mu.s.)

Emarginula scabkicostata. Ema. testa pared, allx't,
depressd, costis quindecim jninutissime scabris, dis-
tantibus radiatd ; interstitiis concentric!; liratis ;
apice post-mediani ; fissurd breviitsciild, subquadrutd.

The uoltgh-kibbed Emarginula. Shell small, white,
depressed, rayed with fifteen very minutely
scabrous, distant ribs; interstices concentrically
ridged ; apex post-median ; fissure rather short,
s(piari3l).

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851.
Hah. Isl. Corregidor, Bay of Manilla.

At first sight, the ribs of this little species appear
smooth, but the lens shows that they are in reality very
minutely scabrous.

Species 55. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula depuessa. Emn. tistd iinvjiid, subviridi,

depressd, costis nodosis inaiipiiililiti.< nidintd, antice

subcoatractd, postici- pautd iiKujis c.rpansd ; apice

obti/so, ante medianv : rn^tA Ji.^fiirali breri ; Jis^:llrd

The depressed Mmap.him'i.a. Shell large, greenish,
depressed, rayed with iiiii'(|ual nodose ribs, ante-
riorly a little contracted, jiosteriorly a little more
expanded ; apex obtuse, ante-median ; fissural rib
short ; fissure very short.

Blaixville. Manual de Malkologie.

Hab. Honduras.

Sp..ries5(;. (Mus. Brit.)

EMAi;GixtjLA stell.\t.\. Kiiw. testd pallide j'ulvd. de-
jtnssd, costis riKjosis, valde incBqiialihns, ad viar-
i/inem prominentibus, acutis radiatd ; apice nbtuso,
centrali ; costA jissuruli paulo obliqud ; Jissiird bre-
vissimd.

The stellated Emarginula. Shell pale fulvous, de-
pressed, rayed with rugose very unequal ribs, pro-
minent and sharp at the margin; apex obtu.se,
central ; fissural rib a little oblique ; fissure very
sliort.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hah. Australia.

Somewhat resembling Einan/iiiula riiijosa, but with

the ribs very sharply prominent at the margin, and

the fissm-e a little on one side.

Species 57. (Mus. Brit.)
Emarcinula imuricata. Ema. trstd magna, oratd, de-
pressd, filled, medio Jerriiginosd, costis rotundis.

December, 1873.

EMARGINULA.— Plate VIII.

7iodosis, incequalibiis, qiiarum tribiis aniicis majorihus
TadiatA ; apice centrali, ohtuso ; Jissiird brevissimd.

The imbricated Ejiarginula. Shell large, ovate, de-
pressed, fulvous, ferrugiDOus in the middle, rayed
with rounded, nodose, unequal ribs, of which tlie
three anterior are the larger ; apex central, ob-
tuse ; fissure very short.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

llab. Mouth of Victoria Kiver, S. Australia.

Species 58. (Mus. Brit.)

Kmakginula Tas5l«;i^. Ema. testd ni/josd, pallida,

conicd, costis nagnis, nodosis, incequalibus radiatd ;

apice elevato, valde retrorso : costAfissurali eJowjatd,

prominenti ; fismrd brevi.
The Tasmanian Ejiarginula. Shell rugose, pale,

conical, rayed with large, nodose, unequal ribs ;

apex elevated, much tlirown back ; fissural rib

elongated, prominent ; fissure short.
SowEUBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Fissurellida*,

Emarginula, sp. 49, fig. 72.
Hab. Tasmania.

Species 59. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Emargintla Jatonica. Ema. t,std siibovatd, postice si(b-

contractd, temdter costatd, 2»"pureo-fuscd ; apice

valde retrorso ; dorso aniice arcuato ; Jissurd brevi-

ihculd, incisd.
The Japan EsiARGrNULA. Shell subovate, posteriorly

rather contracted, finely ribbed, purple-brown ;

apex much turned backwards; back arched in

front ; fissure rather short, incised.
SowEKBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Fissurellids,

Emarginula, sp. 36, figs. 43, 44.
Hub. Japan.

Species 60. (Mus. Brit.)

Emarginula Guadaloupensis. Ema. testd rugosd,
honied, viridi, costis incequalibus, clatliratis, nodosis
radiatd ; interslitiis foveolatis ; apice elevato, acu-
minata ; costd fissurali prominenti ; Jissurd brevis-
simd.

The Guadaloupe Emarginula. Shell rugose, conical,
green, rayed with unequal, latticed, nodose ribs,
with pitted interstices ; apex elevated, acuminated ;
fissural rib prominent ; fissure very short.

SowERBT. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Fissurellida;,
Emarginula, sp. 55, fig. C9.

Hab. Guadaloupe.

A rough, irregular shell, coarsely resembling Emar-
ginula Pankiensis, but not having the symmetrical
sculpture of that shell.

Emaniinuiia Pi.JX.

».tr^

''^u,^'

.-.ul Ofooks taj- S. Son liUi,

EM ARGIN UL A.

Pl.v
(Species 11. Fig. J,,;.)
Emaugixi'l.v vimixe.\, a. Adams. To replace figures
a and b, Plate III., which were representations of
E. tenuUtriata repeated by mistake.

Species Gl. (Mus. Brit.)

Emargkula te.\tilis. Ema. testd ovatd, costis soliJis
radiata, striis concentricis cinctd, albidd, subviridi
circd medium annulatd ; manjine dentato ; apice
versiis marginem poslicum declinato ; costd dorsali
acute elevdtd, minute foveolatd; Jifsurd brevi,
incisd.

The textile Emargisula. Shell ovate, rayed with
solid ribs, surrounded with concentric Btria',
whitish, with a greenish ring about the middle ;
margin dentated ; sloped towards the posterior
margin ; dorsal rib sharply raised, minutely pitted ;
fissure short, incised.

Gould. Invertebrata of United States.

Ilab. N. Ameriea.

Species C2. (Mus. Brit.)

Emap-gixula scAiiUicuLA. Enia. testd ovatd, antice
paulo angustatd ; pallide fulvd, costis distantibus,
acute squamatis, radiatd ; liris concentricis inter
castas conspiaiis ; apice acuta, ante medium re-
ciirvo ; costd doi-sali elevatd, fasiird brevissimd,
incisd.

Th£ sharp-scaled Emauginula. Shell ovate, anteriorly
a little narrowed ; pale fulvous, rayed with distant
acutely scaled ribs ; concentric ridges conspicuous
between the ribs ; apex acute, recurved in front
of the middle ; dorsal rib raised, fissure very short,
incised.

A. Adams. MS. in Cum. Coll.

Hab. ?

Differing from Emanjimda nigosa in the sharp

prominence of the rather distant ribs.

pecies 63. (Mus.

copied.)

Emarginula scutella. Ema. testd pallide fulvd, de-
pressd, irrcgulariter costatd ; costis incequalibus,
rotundis, approj:imatis, concentric!; striatis ; apice

IX.

acuta, paulu post-iiudiuiii recurvo ; margine j)ostic<j

subanguhita.
The little shield E.map.ginula. Shell pale fulvous,

depressed, irregularly ribbed ; ribs unequal,

rounded, approximate, concentrically striated ;

apex acute, curved backwards a little behind the

middle ; posterior margin rather angul.ar.
Deshayes. Conch. Isl. de la Keunion, PI. XXXIV.,

f. 1, 2.
Hab. Isl. Bourbon, or Reunion.

An irregularly angular character in the posterior
outline distinguishes this species.

Species G4. (Mus. Crosse.)

E.\iARGiNULA TiioMASi. Evui. tcstd parvd, dcpressd,
postice rolundatd, antice angustatd, costis numerosis
regularibus radiantibus, et striis elevatis concen-
tricis concinne cancellatd, pallide subviridi, fasciis
olivaceis cinctd; apice oltuso, paulo post medium
inclinata ; margine arcuaio, intiis denticulaio ;
Jissurd laid ; sulco dorsali distincto.

TnoM.\s's Emarginula. Shell small, depressed, rounded
posteriorly, narrowed anteriorly, neatly cancellated
with numerous regular radiating ribs and raised
concentric stria;, pale greenish, encircled with ohve
bands ; apex obtuse, inclined a little behind the
middle ; margin arched, denticulated within,
fissure broad, with a distinct dorsal groove.

Crosse. Journal de Coiicliyliologie, 1855, p. 43.

llab. Aden, Red Sea.

Species C5. Mus. ? copied.)

Emap.ginula costulata. Ema. testa ovatd, elevatd,
imllide subviridi, costis validis, rectangularibus, sub-
distantibus et liris concentricis distinctis,in(Bqualibus,
quarum plurvnis annulatis cancellatd ; apice valde
retrorso, canali dorsali profundi ; fissurd magnd,
incisd.

The ribbed E.marginula. Shell ovate, elevated, pale
greenish, cancellated with strong rectangular, rather
distant ribs and concentric distinct, unequal ribs,
of which several are annidar ; apex much recurved,
with a deep dorsal canal ; fissure large, incised.

Deshayes. Conch.Isl.de la Reunion, PI. XXXIV., f. 5-3.

Hub. Isl. Bourbon, or Reunion.

Some of the concentric ridges are so raised over the

ribs as to form scarcely interrupted rings.

August, 1874.

EMARGINULA.— Plate IX.

Species 66. (Fig. a, h, Mus. ? copied.)

Emarginul-a. decorata. £!ma. testa parvd, siMepressd,
alba, arcuatim convexd, costellis radiantibus an-
gustis, et liris interstitialihis planatis n.imitis con-
centricis sculptd ; apice obtuso, valde retrorso ; fismra
brevi, incisd.

The decorated Emarginula. Shell small, sub-
depressed, white, arched convexly, sculptured
with narrow, radiating ribs and minute flattened,
interstitial concentric ridges; ape.x obtuse, very
backward ; fissure short, incised.

Deshates. Conch, de I'lsl. de la Reunion, p. 49, PI. VII.,
f. 68.

Ilah. Isl. Reunion (Bourbon).

A very interesting and neatly sculptured minute

species.

Species C7. (Fig. «, J, Mus. ? copied.)

Emarginula fenestrella. Ema. testa piarvd, alhidd,
convexo-arcuatd, oblongo-ovatd, costis crassis, Icevi-
bus, rotundis radiantibus, et foveolis parvis, rotundis
interstitiaUbvs sculptd; apice ohtuso, valde retrorso;
cosid fssiirali disliiicto ; Jissv7-d breviuscidd, incisd.

The casement Emarginula. Shell small, whitish,
convexly arched, oblong-ovate, sculptured with
thick, smooth, rounded, radiating ribs, and small
rounded insterstitial pits ; apex obtuse, very back-
ward ; fissural rib distinct ; fissure rather short,
incised.

Desiiayes. Conch, de la Reunion, PI. VII., fig. 12-15.

Hab. Isl. de la Reunion (Bourbon).

Species 08. (Mus. Deshayes.)
Emarginula decorata. Ema. testd alba, ovatd, costis
validis subdislantibus munitd, inter costas foveolis
mibquadratis concentric!: cancellatd ; apice obtuso,
retrorso ; Jissurd breviusculd, lata.
The decorated Emarginula. Shell white, ovate,
strengthened with rather distant, strong ribs, con-
centrically cancellated between the ribs with
squarish pits ; ape.x obtuse, placed backwards ;
fissure rather short, broad.

Desh.\tes Conchyliologie de I'lsle de la Reunion.
Hab. Isl. Reunion (Bourbon).

Species 69. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
Emarginula Oldhami. Ema. testd albidd, conicd
oblongd, iiTegulariter hexagond, ineequilaterali,
costis magnis nodosis qiiiwpie majoribus, inter-
stitialibus minoribns radiantibus et liris parvis con-
eenti'icis sculptd ; apice elevato, versus margineni
dextrum incurvo ; costd Jissurali lamelliformi, pro-
minenti, Jissurd brevi, jjrofundd.
Oldham's Emarginula. Shell whitish, conical, oblong,
irregularly hexagonal, inequilateral, sculptured
with five large, nodose, radiating ribs, some inter-
stitial smaller ones and small concentric ridges ;
apex raised, bent in towards the right margin ;
fissural rib lamelliform, prominent, fissure short,
deep.
Hab. Ceylon.

This remarkably formed species has some affinity
with Emarginula Panhiensis, in which there is a slight
tendency to the one sidedness so decided on the shell
before us.

Species 70. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Emarginula tu.mida. Ema. testd ovato-suhrofundd,
albidd, antice subcontracto, costis prominentibus
niimerosis subserratis, acutis radiantibus et liris
irregularibus concentricis cancellatd ; dorso antice
valde arcuato, gibboso ; costd Jissurali prominenti,
Jissurd breviusculd, profundd, incisd ; apice versiis
marginem posticiim inclinato.

The tumid Emarginula. Shell ovate rotund, whitish,
a little concentrated anteriorly, cancellated with
numerous slightly serrated, sharp radiating ribs
and irregular concentric ridges ; back anteriorly
much arched, gibbous; fissural rib prominent,
fissure rather short, deep, incised ; ape.x inclined
towards the posterior margin.

Sowerby.

Hab. ?

Emargiuula Candida is a less tum'd shell, and the

notch is very short and not incised as in this species.

EMARGINULA.

Plate. Species.

^cvdentA, A. Adams VII. 40

acuminata, A. Adams I. 1

Adamsiana, Souvrb}/ IV- 29

alveolata, A. Adams VII. 51

anmilata, A. Adams I. 1

aspera, Gould I. 1

Axistnilis, Quoi/ et Gaimard III. 19

hcUiila, A. Adams V. 3G

cancellata, Philippi II. 8

c&ndada, A. Adams VII. 45

Candida, A. Adams I. 1

capuliformis, Philippi III. 10

cati/hts, A. Adums ....^ VII. 5<t

e/a//irara, Adams and Reeve VI. 43

clathrata, Pca^e V. 35

c\y pens, A. Adams III. 21

concinnu, A. Adams II. 13

conica, Blainville II. 9

conoidea, Gould I. 1

costulata, Z)es/j(7t/es IX. C5

CTas&a,J. Sowerby IV. 20

crassicostata, Sowerby VI. 38

crassilabrum, .4. Jc/ams VI. 39

cratila, A. Adams II. 12

c\xc\A\ata, A. Adams IV. 28

Cxamngxi, Sowerbij VI. 41

curvirostris, Deshayes II. 9

Cuvieri, Savigny I. 4

decorata, Deshayes IX. CS

depressa, Blainville I. 3

(and fig. 55, PI. VIII.)

denticulata, A. Adams II. 6

dilecta, .4. ^(/ams IV. 23

elongata, Co«(a III. 17

emendata, .S'ou-erJ^/ IV. VIII. 27

(and fig. 27, b, c, PI. VIII.)

fenestrella, Deshayes IX. C7

^ss»7-a, Linnaus V. 33

QssnTata, Chemnits I. 5

faligiuea, A. Adams II. 10

fungiua, Gould I. 1

galericulata, ^. ^rfaTBs III. 15

Guadaloupensis, jSowfriy VIII. 60

B-Uzardi, Payraudeau I. 4

imbricata, A. Adams VIII. 57

inchuia, A. Adams III. 18

Plate. Species.

J aponica, Soivcrby VIII. 59

lata, Qiwy VII. 50

Ix-vicostata, A. A doTns VII. 48

longifisss, Sowerby VII. 52

maculata, A. Adams V. 32

nodulosa, A. Adams VI. 40

notata, Li nnaus VI. 42

ohovata, A. Adams IV. 24

Oldhami, iVmWe IX. 69

Paivana, CTOsse IV.Vin.27

Panhiensis, Qiwy VI. 43

picta, Dunker II. 7

y/;7foZ(w, Micliaud II. 9

planulata, J. ^(/ams III. 20

polygonalis, A. Adams II. 6

imlchra, A. Ada7ns II. 7

pumila, Arthur Adams VII. 46

punctata, .4. J (/ams V. 31

puncticulata, J. J c/a/HS IV. 25

Teticosa, A. Adams V. 33

Teticuhta, J. Sou-erby V. 33

rosea, Bell II. 9

rugosa, Qiioy I. 1

scabricostata, A. Adams VIII. 54

soabricula, A. Adams IX. 62

scabriuscula, A. Adams V. 30

seulptilis, ^. ^rfams VIII. 53

scutella, i)es/icr^cs IX. 63

scutulata, Deshayes V. 37

sol idula, Costa IV. 26

solidula, P/u/i>;)/ VI. 44

(and fig. 44 c. PI. IX.)

SY>\nosa, Deshayes IX. 66

stellata, ^. ^rfams VIII. 56

striatula, Quoy VII. 47

sulcifera, ^. 4(/a7n« II. 11

Tasmania, Soiverby VIII. 58

tenuicostata, Soiverby I. 2

textiles, Gould IX. 61

Thomasi, Crosse IX. 64

tumida, Sowerby IX. 70

Vanikoroensis, Qwoy V. 34

variegata, A. Adams I. 5

vailegata, A. Adams IV. 22

viminea, A. Adams III. IX. 14

MONOGRAPH

;)P TlIK (iKNUS

G N A T H 0 1) 0 N,

"In contcmiilation of created things,
liv .steps we may ^ifcen,! to ([o.V -Milton.

Giinilifdin.

^\

,,/^x

a.

y^.

icentfirooko DAyS-Sonimp

G N A T II 0 D 0 N.

Gcnns (;XATIIODON, Gva)j.

Tcfla livalrifi, mjiiiralvin, trijona vel siditriijona,
cpidei-mide iiiduta; umboiies distanti ; di'nfiS
vidrce der/rce cardinales duo, parri, laterales duo,
po.tticus ehmgntun, anticiis cuwiformis ; valvce
siiii.^trce carilinalis wui.% kitendis duo, pnnllrus
elomjatus, anticuif cuneiformis ; I'mpressiones i/ni^ni-
lares duce, Interales ; ligamentum infoveam tri<j<iii(im
internam dispnsitum.

Shell bivalve, sequivalve, tri^'onal or subtriL'-imal,
covered with ;in epidoniiis ; uniboncs distant;
tcelh in the right valve, two cardinal, small, two
lateral, posterior elongated, anterior cuneit'orni ;
of the left valve one cardinal, two lateral, posterior
elongated, anterior cnneiform ; muscular impres-
sions two, lateral ; ligament placed in a trigonal
internal pit.

Syn. l\.\NGi.\. Desmoulins.

This genus belongs to the Macira group, and is re-
markable for the cinieiform character of the anterior
lateral teeth, and for the deep central pit in the hinge
for the reception of the cartilage or ligament. None
of the species belong decidedly either to salt or fresh
water, but the type is from Lake Pontchartrain in
New Orleans, wliere it has been used as an article of
food, and three of the other species, which have much
thinner shells covered with a lighter epidermis, are
found in mud-banks in brackish water in the Gulf of
Mexico. One of the remaining two is from Guada-
loupe.

Species 1. (jMus. Sowerby.)

Gnathodon cuxe.^tus. Gna. festd ovafo-sublri<jond,
crassd, epidermide crasso olivaceo indutd ; latere
antico brcvi, rotundatim tuinido ; umhonibus elevatis,
magnis, distantibn.i ; latere postico angiilato, aide
angulmn depresso, ad terminum suhrostratj.

The cuneate Gxathodos. Shell ovate, subtrigonal,
thick, covered with a thick olive epidermis;

anterior side short, roundly tumid ; umboes
elevated, large, distant ; posterior side angular,
depressed in front of the angle, somewhat beaked
at the end.

GiiAY. American Journal of Science.

liangia ci/renoides, Desmoulins.

JLd). Lake Pontchartrain, New Orleans.

The larger the size to which specimens grow, the
less oval and more rostrated they become. The smaller
s])ecimens, with a lighter and greener epidermis, are
more ovate.

specie

(Mv

rit.)

Gnatiiodon Guadaloltensis. Giia. teM tenuihsrid
alba, subtrliio,,.;, rpnl.niiide tend, pallida sir
indntd; l,(t,re puslic;, „l,li,pie hiaiiijidato, produrto,
subrostralii, «d ttnuinuin truiioclu, latere antico
aiiipli), roiundo.

The GuADALoui'E Gn.^thouon. Shell rather thin,
white, subtrigonal, covered with a thin, pale
straw-coloured epidermis ; posterior side obliquely
biangular, produced, somewhat beaked, truncated
at the end, full, rounded at the anterior side.

Petit. Journal de Gonchyliologie.

JIab. Guadaloupe.

Although different looking shells, this species and
the following four present all the essential characters
of the genus.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)

Gnathodon Cantratnei. Gna. testd tenuiiisculd, albd,
subtrigond, epidei-mide tenui, pallide straminea
indutd, injlatd ; latere postico oblique biangulato,
jMuld producto ; latere antice breviusculo, rotunda ;
margine ventrali cequaliter convexo.

Canti'.aixe's Gnatiiodon. Shell rather thin, white,
subtrigonal, covered with a thin, pjale straw-

October, 1873.

GNATIIODON.— Plate L

coloured epidermis, inflated; posterior side ob-
liquely biaugular, a little produced ; anterior side
rather short, rounded ; ventral margin equally
convex.

Recluz. ?

Hab. ?

This species is perhaps correctly distinguished from
the preceding by being shorter, less produced and
rostrated at the posterior end, and being on the whole
a much more evenly inflated shell.

Species 4.

Gnathodon trigonus. Gna. testa trigond, compressn,
latere postico biangulato, declivi, ad teriniimm
truncato ; umhonihus hand tantum elcvatis ; latere
antico Irevi, declivi.

The trigonal Gnathodon. Shell trigonal, compressed,
posterior side biangular, sloped, truncated at the
end ; umboes not much elevated ; anterior side
short, sloped.

Petit. Journal de Conchyliologie.

Hab. California. Gull' of Me.xico.

Much more compressed and trigonal than the two

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Gnathodon rostr.wus. Gna. testa compressd, valdc
inmquilaterali, subelorujatd ; latere postico producto,
declivi, leviter biangulato, ante angulos margine
convexo ; latere antico brevissimo ; umhonibus
depressis.

The beaked Gnathodon. Shell compressed, very
inequilateral, rather elongated ; posterior side
produced and sloped, slightly biangular, with a
convex margin in front of the angles ; anterior
side very short ; umboes depressed.

Petit. Journal de Conchyliologie.

Hab. Gulf of Mexico.

Species 6. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Gnathodon parvus. Gna. testa parvd, trigond, vcntri-
cosd, piallidd ; latere postico acute angulato, ])ost
angulum lato, depresso, ad termimmi rostrato ;
latere antico brevi, declivi; iimbonihus prominentibiis,
postice angulatis.

The small Gnathodon. Shell small, trigonal, ven-
tricose, pale ; posterior side acutely angular,
broad and depressed behind the angle, beaked at
the end ; anterior side short, sloped ; umboes
prominent, posteriorly angulated.

Petit. ?

Hab. Mexico.

MONOGRAPH

OP THE GENUS

C E M 0 K I A.

■■ Boyond the tall of dews
Deeper than plummet lies." — Luiujfelhw.

Crmoriti .Fl.l.

vi%

m

i%?

lE rooks Day S- Son Imv

C E M 0 R I A.

Genus CEMORIA, Leach.

Testa palcllifoi-mis, ovafa, conica, costis radiata ; apex
inteijrus, postice recurvus ; foramen infra a2>icem
positus, inteme lamind arcuatd testacea semiclausus.

Shell patelliform, ovate, conical, rayed with ribs ; apex
entire, posteriorly recurved ; foramen placed below
the apex and the margin, half-closed within by
an arched testaceous lamina.

The species of this genus have a Nortlicrn ran^e.
In North America, the Northern parts of liritain,
Greenland, and Norway, are their habitats chielly to be
found. One species was discovered by Mr. Adams in
Japan. Although, like Rimula, the shells have tlie
foramen jjlaced half-way between the apex and the
margin, luihke tliat genus they have it internally half
vaulted by a shelly plate.

Species 1. (iMus. Brit.)

Cesiokia galeata. C(?»i. testd uvala, fumoso-fascA,
costis numeroms rotimdis, suhkevigatis et paticis
interstitialihus enuihus radiata latere podico
breviilsculo.

Tile crested Cemoria. Shell ovate, smoky-brown,
rayed with numerous rounded rather smooth ribs,
and a few thin interstitial ones posterior side
rather short.

GoDLD. United States Expedition. Shells.

Hab. Puget's Sound.

A Httle dull-coloured species without many charac-
teristic points.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

Cemokia cognata. Cem. testd parvd, alba, costis ro-
tundis, prominentibus, conce7itrice rugatis, sub-
distantibus radiatd, interstitiis concentrice liratis ;
apice acuminata, elevato.

The cognate Cemoria. Shell small, white, r.ayed with
rounded, prominent, concentrically wrinkled.

rather distant ribs, with concentrically ride
terstices ; apex acuminated, elevated.

Gould. Shells of the United States E.xpedition.

Hah. Orange Harbour, Couthenay.
A sharp acuminated species.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Ce.mouia coxica. Cem. testd parvd, elevatd, conica, cvstis
parvis, rotundis, u/ternatis, concentrice striatis ra-
diatd ; dorso elevato, apice valde recurvo.

The conical Gemohl\. Shell small, elevated, conical,
rayed with small, rounded, alternating, concen-
trically striated ribs ; back elevated, apex much
recurved.

D'Orbignv. Amerique M('riilionale, p. 171, PL 78.

Hab. Central America.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Cemoria fastigiata. Cem. testd alba, ovald, conicd,
altissinid, costis subanrjulatis, nodosis, alternatis,
tenuibus radiata ; apice elevato, post-mediani,
pauld recurvo; dorso antice subarcuato, postici; fere
perpendiculariter cleclivi.

TuE HIGH-TOPPED Cemorla. Shell white, ovate, conical,
much elevated, rayed with rather angular, nodose,
alternative, thin ribs ; apex elevated, post-median,
a little recurved ; back a little arched anteriorly,
sloped nearly perpendicularly behind.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, p. 228.

Ilab. ?

The most elevated of all the species.

Species 5. (Fig. <;, b, Mus. Brit.)

Cemoria cucullata. Cent, testd elevatd, fulvd, magna,
atate juniori subspiraliter acuminata ; costis in-
(equalibiis, angulutis, concentrice tenuiter rugatis

December, 1873.

CEiMORIA.— Plate I.

radiata, intcrstitiis ronrentncc striatis ; apicc antc-
mediani ; /ined dnrsali antice declivi, rectius-
culo.

The hooded Cem()i:ia. Shell elevated, fulvous, large,
in a young stage almost spirally acuminated;
rayed with unequal, angular concentrically finely
wrinkled ribs, with concentrically striated inter-
stices, apex ante-median, dorsal line sloped, rather
straight.

Gould. United States Expedition. Shells, p. 14.

Hah. — ?

This shell gives all the characteristics of the genus
on a larger scale than the original type.

Species G. (Fig. a, l>, Mus. Brit.)

Cemouia nobilis. Cem. testa breviusaihl, ovatd, conicd;
elevatissimd ; estate junim-i fere spirnliter acuminatd :
costis octodecim circa distantibus, lavigatis, majori-
hus, et intermediis nonriullis tenuissimis radiatd ;
apice acuminato, perelevato ; dorm utrinque vald'c
declivi.

The noble Ce.morl\. Shell rather short, ovate, conical,
much elevated ; in a young stage almost spirally
acuminated ; rayed with about eighteen distant,
smooth, larger, and some very thin intermediate
ribs ; apex acuminated, much elevated, with the
back on both sides much sloped.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.
Hah. Okosiris, Japan.

Species 7. (Fig- a, h, Mus. MacAndrew.)

Cemoria Noachina. Cem. testa alba, conicd, elevatd,
postice subexpaitsd, antice magis angustatd ; costis
ina;qiialibus, Ueviusoulis postice distantibus, antice
magis numcrosis radiatd : apice elevatn, post-
mediani.

The NoACHiAN CEiMoiuA. Shell white, conical, elevated,
posteriorly rather expanded, narrower anteriorly ;
rayed with unequal, rather smooth, posteriorly
distant, anteriorly more numerous ribs; apex ele-
vated, post-median.

LiNNiEus, Mantissa, 551.

Patella fissurella, Miiller.

Patella apertura, Montagu.

Rimida Flemingii, MacgiUivray.

Cemoria princeps, Mighsls.

Ilnb. Northern Europe.

Species 8. (Mus. Brit.)
Cemowa Palklandica. Cem. testd ovatd, alba, elevatd,

costis subdistantibus, concentrice strialis radiatd :

apice recurvo, elevato, jMst-mediani.
The Falkland Cemoria. Shell ovate, white, elevated,

rayed with rather distant, concentrically striated

rilis ; apex recurved, elevated, post-median.
A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus. Fissurellida;, Cemoria,

Sp. 7, Plate X. fig. 14.
Hab. Falkland Islands.

The ribs are more distant and equal than those of
Cemoria Noachina, and the oval outline is as broad
anteriorly as posteriorly.

MONOGRAPH

OF THK CK.MJ

R 1 M U L A

His croating hand

Xiithint,' imperfect or deficient left

Of all that He CTeated."— Milton.

tUitiiilii . 1 ■

0

m

VmoenLBroobDM&San.Imp

R I M U L A.

Genus KIMULA, Defresne.

Testa patelliforiMS, teniii, cancellata ; apice remrvo ;
(torso arcuato ; Jissiird simplici, inter apicem et
miirf/im-m intermedia.
Shell patellilbrni, thin, ctmccUuted ; apex recurved;
back arched ; fissure simple, intermediate between
the apex and the margin.

The recent species of this interesting little genus,
formerly known only in a fossil state, are, with the ex-
ception of one from Mazatlan, found in the Philippine
Islands, and first collected there by the late Mr. Cuming.

The gi-adation in the several genera of Fissurellidaj
is marked in the jiosition of the fissure. In Fissurella,
it is simply a hole in the apex ; in Ccmoria it is just
in front of the apex, leaving it entire and generally
pointed, and being vaulted over by a little septum on
the inside; in Cranopsis tlio septum half covers the
fissure on the inside, but the latter is removed to half-
way between the apex and the margin ; in Kimula the
fissure is in a similar situation, but has no internal
septum ; then in Emargimda the fissure, commencing
about halfway down the dorsal ridge, remains open to
the margin and graduates through many species in
commencing nearer and nearer to the margin until
it becomes lost in an almost imperceptible sinus. In
the genus Zeidera, there is an internal septum near the
posterior margin and a fissure, like that of Einarijiiudu,
in the anterior margin.

(Fi

b. Ml

specit

RninLA EXQUisiTA. Rim. testd ovato-oblongd, alM,
moderate elevatd, costis radiantibus tenuibus, et liris
concentricis concinne cancellatd ; dorso arcuato,
apice valde retrorso.

The exquisite Kimula. Shell ovate-oblong, white,
moderately elevated, neatly cancellated with thin
radiating ribs and concentric ridges ; back arched,
apex turned far back.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.
Hab. Several of the Philippine Islands.

This is the largest of the species and of exquisite
sculpture.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

liiMiiLA Cu.MiNGii. Rim. testa parvd, fulvd, ovaid,
costis radiantibus rotiindis concentric!: rugatis et
liris concentricis cancellatd; dorso elevato ; apice
acuti' recurvo.

('i'MINg's KiMULA. Shell small, fulvous, ovate, cancel-
lated with rounded concentrically wrinkled ribs
and concentric ridges ; back elevated ; apex sharply
recurved.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Rimula echinata, Gould.

Ilab. Kastern Seas.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)

Rimula propinqua. Rim. testd parvd, alba, viinule
cancellatd ; costellis radiantibus prominentionbiif ,
duabus versils marginem anticum convergcntibus :
dorso elevato ; apice acuto, recurvo.

The neighbouring Rimula. Shell small, white,
minutely cancellated; radiating ribs more pro-
minent ; two converging towards the anterior
margin ; back elevated ; apex acute, recurved.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Ilab. Calapau, Philippines.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

Ki.MULA carinata. Rim. testd parvd, alba, costellis
tenuibus, confertis radiatd, interstitiis minutissime
foveolatis ; apice valde recurvio, planulatim
rarinato.

The keeled Rimula. Shell small, white, rayed with

December, 1873.

EIMULA.— Plate I.

thin, close ribs, with interstices very minutely
fitted ; apex strongly recurved, flatly keeled.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851.

Hah. Misamis, Isl. Mindinao, Philippines.

A curious characteristic of this little shell is a sort of
flattened keel extending from the coiled apex to the
fissure. Mr. Adams describes this as being formed by
the convergence of several apical rays.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)
RiMDLA Mazatlanica. Rim. testa minutd, pallidc fulvd,

deprcssd, oblongd, costis crassis, subimbricatis, t-nb-

distantibus radiatd.
The Mazatlan Kimdla. Shell minute, pale fulvous,

depressed, oblong, rayed with thick, subimbri-

cated, rather distant ribs.
Caiu'ENTEr (P. P.) Shells of Mazatlan.
Ilab. Mazatlan.

MONO(iRAPH

OF TIIF, (tENUS

CARD! L I A

■ Vull Nature swanus with life :
One wondrous mass.
Of animals or atoms orEjanized." — 'rinnttsuii.

CwdiJia B 1.

i

'J

J,
1^

C A K D I L I A.

Plate L

Genus CARDILIA. Duhayes.

Tisiii biralris. aquiealcis, iiiO'juilaieralif, uwtbonibus
productis, injlatii. gptralibus. Cardo teniiis. dente
cardi'nali minimo, fovtolA post dentem etiam minimd.
Infra umbonfm processus eochlcortjaraus ligamenbim
continens. Impressionis musculares dualnis. pC'Stica
in laminem septiuirirtem projicta, antica ScViilunan's.

Shell bivalve, equivalve, iEequilateiaL with produced,
inflated, spiral unibones. Hinge thin, with a very
smaU cardinal tooth and a very small fossene be-
hind the tooth. Below the umbones is a sfKXjn-
shaped projection containing the ligament. Mus-
cular impressions two, the posterior one projected
ia a septiiorm lamina, the anterior semilunar.

The liMmentJierous pit on a spoon-shaped process
in the hinge seems to remove this little genus ot shells
from the neighbourhood of the family of CAEr)LiCi.£:, in
which it has been placed. The posterior muscle mark
being projected into a sort of shelf or septum is ana-
logous to that of CucuUaa. As forming a genus, the
Cardilix. of which only three species are known. -:and
alone. They are irom China aud the Philippines.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Caedilia SEsnsrLCATA. Car. tcstd crass>j. subovata, alia,
antice leevi. pcstice prope marginem dtcussaid, iudi
usqui ad medium raJi'atim inter liras raiidas prc-
jundi sulcata : margine pcstico-vtntrali acMi dfn-
taio: umbonihus prominentiius, lateraHbus. spi-
raliter incurris.

The half-suijCated Caedelia. Shell thick, sub-ovate.
white, smooth in iron:, decusated near the margin
posteriorly, iLence to the middle radiately deeply

suicated between strong ridges : posterior- ventral
margin sharply toothed; umbones prominent,
lateral, spirally incurved.

L.ucAf:cK. £J. Dcshai/cs.

Hah. China.

The ribs in this species are distinct and srrons.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

Caediua n.-EEi!is. Car. testa guhquadnttd, tenvi. aibd.
anticd l<en. po$txc> ienmssmi radiatim striata;
vmbinibus parnOseulis, terminal ibus ; margine pos-
tico-vintrali ienuiter serrato.

Tex csAF.iiED Caedilia. Shell subquadrate. thin, white.
.smooth in front, posteriorly very nnelv radiaielv
striated : umbones rather small, terminal ; pos-
terior-ventral margin finely irriaied.

Deshatls. Ed. LamarcL:

Eat'. Philippines.

More square in form snJ having the umbones less
prominent than the typical species.

Species 3. (Fig. a, h. c. Mus. Brit.)

Caedilia Map.tixii. Car. tistd perpendiculariter cb-
lon-ja. gub-jratd. alb-i. dntici el medio lavigatd,
pjitice subangnlaid. g>dcatd ; margine pcetico-
vcntraii dentato ; wriMnibus produeiis, talide cwn's.

Mabtixi's Caedilia. SheU perpendicularly oblong,
rather ovate, white, smooth in the front and
middle, rather angular and sulcated : posterior-
ventral margin toothed ; umbones produced, much
curved.

DiiSATx;. Ed. .' Lavtorcl.

Hah. China.

December. 1873.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

CRANOPSIS AND ZEIDORA,

' He [irayeth best, who loveth boat
All things both great and small." — Culeridiji-

f'rajicpsfs.Pl.l

§

uidcra

C 1{ A N () PS 1 S AND / !-: 1 1) 0 H A.

Genus CI;ANI)1>SIS, .1. A,lam<.
Testa capiilifoi-mis, f.rtus canceUata ; apicc recvrrn, i
tegro ; fissura in medio posita, inter apicum
marginem anticum, fornice interno etrevato.
Shell cap-shaped, cancellated outside ; apex recurve
entire ; fissure placed mid\7ay between the ap
and the anterior margin, internal vault arched.
The only two sj)ecies known of this genus are fr<
Japan. The position of the foramen is the same as
the preceding genus, Rimiiia .- but, unlike that genus,
has the internal vaulted septum of Cemoria.

"P"

'titil, postiix tainiiid septifonni. tr

Species 1. (Fig. a, 4, Mus. Brit.)
CuANOrsis I'li.EOLUS. Cra. testd pileiformi, co.'itellis
radiuntibiis crciiuliitis ; apicc postice valde inmr-
vato ; Jifsura antiee acuta ; margine postice rejlexu ;
dorsu plamilatim qtiasi-carinato.
The c.\p-sh.\ped Chanopsis. Shell cap shaped, with
creuulated radiating riblets; apex much incurved
jiosteriorly ; fissure anteriorly sharp ; margin ])os-
tcriorly reflected ; back with a kind of flattened
keel.
A. Akams. Sowerby's Thesaurus. Fissundlida', ('ra-

niipsis, sp. 1 , fig. 1, '1.
Hah. Mino-Sinia, .hipan.

Tlie apex of this shell is coiled and extends pos-
teriorly a little beyond the margin.

Species 2. (Fig. a, h, l\Ius. 15rit.)

Cranopsis telex. Cra. testa coniea, aruminal,). ros-
tellis radiantihis et liris mimilis roncenlricis caii-
cellatd ; apice actiminato, recurvo, dorso dutice
posticiqiie declivi.

The helmet-shaped Chanopsis. Shell conical, acumi-
nated, cimcellated with radiating riblets and
minute concentric ridges ; apex acuminated, re-
curved, back sloped anteriorly and posteriorly.

A. Adams. Annals and Magazine of Natural History
for 1860.

Hab. Mino-Sima, Japan.

Genus ZEIDORA, .1 . Adams.
Testa patellifonnis, ohlonga, depressa, extiis canccllata ;
apice post-marginali ; margine antico Jtssurato .■
Decei

mhtrignnd dieiso.
Shell patelliform, oblong, depressed, cancellated on th
outside ; apex post-marginal, anterior margii
fissured; aperture ovate, posteriorly divided by;
septifonu, transverse, somewhat trigonal lamina.

e comparatively
lame of Arthur

The Zeidorce, like the Cranopsid(^, a
recent discoveries associated with the
Adams and with the shore.s of Japan. Having a septiform
plate, like that of Grepidula in form, but perhaps more
analogous to the small vaulted lamina under the foramen
in Cemoria, and yet having the marginal slit of Eiii.ar-
ginula, this curious little genus affords an interesting
example of the ever-varying forms of Nature.

,v.s pni.
emtlatd

Species 1. (Fig. <7, h, Mus. Brit.)

Zeidoua inrnri-r.ArA. X:i.ti.-1ii oh/inigd, dor.s(.
liiiei.-! ckrati.-< radiai,til)ii.< ct ///v'.s- coiiceiil,
fheiTime decussatd ; apcrturd margine <■
Jl.<sni-d marginali angustd, oblongd.

The i:ETicuL.\TEn Zeidora. Shell oblong, back convex,
very beautifully decussated with raised radiating
lines and concentric ridges ; aperture cienulated
at the margin ; marginal tis.sure narrow, oblong.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.

Ihih. Mino-Sima, Japan.

The form is more convex and the fissure more narrow

and deeply cut than in the next species.

I Species 2. (Mus. I'.rit.)

I ZElDOltA CALCEOLINA. Zei. t/.^ld ohlovgd, depres.10'
t conrerd, costelli.< radiantdiii.<; et liris conren/riris

eleganter canccllntd ; sulco mediaim laterilms ele~
1 vatis ; apice poslici dejlexo. seplo maigin, ihiiln,

integro.
The slipper Zeidora. Shell ..Mong. depressed-convex,
elegantly cancellated with radiating riblets and
concentric ridges ; middle sulcus with elevated
sides; apex bent down posteriorly; septum with
a sharp, entire margin.
j A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. ,if N.at. Hist., 18(10.
Hah. Mino-Sima, .lapan.

The dorsal groove forms a sort of bmad double-edged
keel, pitted lietween the two edges,
her, 187;^.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

TYPHIS,

'The I'layniiite of the waves" . . .—Coleridge

Wi

Tji^his Pl.l.

■Viiiiei.i,BioateDif iSoB n::;.

TYPHIS.

Genus TYPHIS, Montfort.

Testa fusiformis, caimlifera, vwicosa ; varicibus utroque
anfractu tribus; anfraciibus angutatis, ad arigulum
ante utramque varicem tubam gerentibus ; tuhis
intus penelrantibus, ad apicem apcrth; canali
clauso. Opermlum corneiim, concentricum. vi/riro
subterminali.

Shell fusiform, with a canal, varicose; varices three
on each whorl; whorls angular, bearing a tube
before each varix at the angle ; tubes penetrating
within, open at the apex; canal closed. Opor-
cuhini horny, concentric with nearly terminal
nucleus.

A tube on the angle of the whorls in front of each
varix, sometimes joined to it, but more generally
distinct from it and placed half-way between the two
varices, forms the distinguishing character of the shells
of this genus. In other respects they do not differ
from Murices with three varices. The type species,
T. Soiverbeyi, is a Mediterranean shell. The other
species are from Western Columbia, Western Africa,
Japan, Borneo, and New Zealand.

Species I. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
'Ttpui.s or.\npis. Typ. testa magnd, solidd, inter
varices purpiireo-castaned ; anfraciibus rotundo-an-
gidatis ; varicibus fulvis, crassis, ad margincm cris-
patis, ad canalem expansis ; tuhis breviusculis,
magnis inter vaj-ices medianis; canali lato ; aper-
turd parvd.

The large Tvpiiis. Shell large, solid, purple-chestnut
between the varices ; whorls rouudly-augular ;
varices fulvous, thick, curled at the edge, ex-
panded at the canal ; tubes rather short, large halt-
way between the varices ; canal broad ; aperture
wide.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G5.

Hab. ?

This large solid sliel

every way tyiiical of th*

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, i\Ius. Cum. in Brit.^

Tvpnis CORONATUS. Typ. testa nblnngd, patlide fulvd ;
anfractibus supeme sobrotundis ; varicibus crassis,
spiraliter tiratis, ad sutiiram nncinnatis ; lubis
bj-ecissimis jvxta varicem succedentem hcatis ;
canali lato, recto, ad terminum truncato.

The cor;oN.\TED Typhis. Shell oblong, pale fulvous;
whorls rounile<l above ; varices thick, spirally
ridged, hooked at the suture ; tubes very short,
placed near the succeeding varix ; canal broad,
straight, truncated at the end.

Hroderip. Proe. Zool. Soc, 1832.

//,//;. Caraccas Bay.

This inttTe.sting species has remained represented by
a unic]ue and somewhat undeveloped shell in the
('umingian collection at the British Museum.

ipecie

(Mus. Bri

Tu'nis FiMBRiATus. Ti/p. Icstd magna, tenuiks-
culd, oblnngd ; anfractibus inter varices sub-
jlividis, infra medium castaneo unifasciatis ;
prope varices purpurea fasciatis ; varicibus
expansis, ad faciem radiatim Jimbriatis, su-
pernc aineatis, dorso crispatis ; tuhis magnis,
prope varicem sucredentciii Ivcntis ; canali la-
tissimo.

The fimbp.iated Ttpuis. Shell large, rather thin,
oblong ; whorls yellowish between the varices,
with a single baud of chestnut below the middle ;
with a purple baud near the varices ; varices
expanded, iriuged in rays on the face, cuneate
above, curled at the back ; tubes large, placed
near the succeeding varix; canal very broad.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1805.

Uah. ?

Remarkable for the broad expansion of the fringed
varix.

February, 1874.

TYPHIS.— Plate I.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cum. in Brit.)

HIS CuMiNGii. Tt/p. testa clavatd, pallide fulvd,
inter varices purpurea, castaneo maculatd ; anfrac-
tibiif siiperrie inflatis, infra nn;/u$taiis, dimidiatim
inter rarices tuherciilis elongatis cum tubig convexis
(jcren/ibus ; vaticibus angustatis, ad suturam acti-
teatig. ad rnnalem hand rontinuis, xiltima ad
faciani firnhrialo ; cattail elongalu, angitstato.

Cuming's Ty'phis. Shell clavato, pale fulvous, purple
between the varices, chestnut-spotted ; whorls
inflated above, narrow below, bearing elongated
tubercles connected with the tubes half-way
between the varices ; varices angular, aculeated
at the suture, not continued at the canal, the
last fringed on the face ; canal long, narrow.

Broderip. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18;>2.

Hab. Bay of Caraccas.

Resembhng Murex Haustellinn in form.

'iypius PI n.

docks Di!(A Soa.lmp,

T Y P II I S.

Platk 11.

Spucies 5. (I'^ig- ", /', c, Mus. Brit.)

Typhis Sowkhbti. Ti/p. tfst'l subtiirhiiKild, alh'tM, vcl
fused; spird elevatd ; anfractilnts iiijhinttenuatis ;
vai-icibus extantilms, la/jiieatis, r.r/i'ni.'ii.<, snpcnie
uncinatis, tubis intenncdiis tiltimis , l(iii,jnti.<, siibre-
curvis, adcanalem truncalis ; caiin/i (unjuMc. n trorso.

Sowerbt's Typhis. Shell subturbiiuiteJ, whitish, or
brown ; spire clevattid ; whorls rather att(>iiuated
below ; varices projectiug, lluted, expanded, hooked
above; tubes intermediate, the last elongated,
rather recurved, truncated at the canal ; canal
narrow, recurved.

Brodkp.ip. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.'!2.

Hab. Mediterranean.

Tyi

Species G. (Pig. a, b, JIus. Brit.)
MiTESS. Ti/p. te.<td brevi, albido - subrosid,

nitenli

spird liltimum anfractum longitiulim; fere
aqnanti ; varicibus lamiiuitis, cxtantibus. suprd
angulum clevatis, amealis : lubis medianii!,
breri, rectiusciilo.

The shining Typhis. Shell short, pink_\-
shining; spire nearly e([ual in length to tl
whorl ; varices laminar, standing out
above the angle, cuneate ; tubes medial ;
short, rather straight.

Hinds. Voyage of the Sulplmr : M. lluseu. p. Id

/.///

raised
canal

//«/.. Isl. .St. M

^__^. Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Typhis pinn.^tus. Ti/p. tcatd nlhd, temu, snhoratd,
cancellatd ; spird elrvatd ; varicibus lafis, Jaque(iti.%
fiinbriatis, infra expamis : canali breviiisculu.

The piNN.iTED Typhis. Shell white, thin, rather ovate,
cancellated ; spire elevated ; varices broad, lluted,
fringed, expanded below; canal rather short.

Bropeimi'. Proc Zuol. Soc, 1802.

Hab. '

The original typie was long a unique shell in Mr
Wallace's small collection. It was lost, but there ar
now two specimens in the Cumingian collecliou o
the British Museum.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Taylor.)

Typhis di-pmcatus. Ti/p. testd orato-iiiiimiu<itd inter
varices castaned ; varicibus arrualiia rei-urris. rum
tubis interKtitialibus conjluentihus. tubus latas
dupliratas efformantibus ; spird ncuiitiiiatd, cltcntd;
canali latiilsculo, lenni.

The douuled Typhis. Shell ovate-acuminate, chestnut
between the varices ; varices arched backwards,
coniluent with the interstitial tubes, forming broad
double tubes; spire acuminated, elevated; canal
rather broad, thin.

Soweui;y. I'roe. Zoi.l. Soc. 1S70.

Hab. China Seas.

This is the second species discovered in which the
varix is so bent hack as to be ' coniluent with the
preceding tube, the first being 2'. arcuatus ut Hinds.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)

Typhis Belcheui. T;/p. tcstd fusifmui, all>idd ; au-
frartibus rotundis ; varicibus angustis, taqueatis,
infrd jnniiatis, suprcb vniplicatis, arcuatim
expansis, ad terminum valde imcinnatis, acu-
miniitis : tubis intcrmnliis. rerurvis ; spird
elevatd.

Belcher's Typhis. Shell fusiform, whitish ; whorls
rounded ; varices narrow, fluted, pinnated below,
uniplicated above, with a curved expansion :
much booked and sharpened at the end ; tubes
intermediate, recurved ; spire elevated.

Broherip. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18o2.

Ilab. Cape Blanco.

February. 187

♦

Typhis PI III.

'AncflnLBrooksDayiSjii Imj;

T Y P II I S.

''' Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Typhis arcuatus. Typ. testa brevi, ovatd, fused vel
fulvidd ; varkibtis wcuatis, tumidis, ad tubas pre-
cedentes in uno junctis ; spird elevatd ; canali
latiuscuto, ad tei-minum attemtato, recurvo.

The arched Ttphis. Shell short, ovate, brown or
slightly fulvous ; varices arched, tumid, joined in
one to the preceding tubes ; spire elevated ;
canal rather broad, attenuated towards the end,
recurved.

Hinds. Voyage of the Sulphur, Mollusca, p. 10, PI. 111.,
f. 5, G.

Typhis Japoniciu% A. Adams.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope— Japan.

In this species the duplication of the tube is less
conspicuous than in Ti/pliis diiplicatus.

Species 11. (Mus. Angas).

Typhis Clep.ii. Ttp. testa fusiformi, pallidi fnlvA,
fusco obscure fasciald ; anfractibus supernc ro-
tuiidis, injrd attenuatis ; varicibus digitatis, digitis
uncinnatis ; tubis intermediis, distinctis ; canali
cbmijafo, reeiirvo.

Clery'-s Typhis. Shell fusiform, pale fulvous, obscurely
banded with brown ; whorls rounded above, at-
tenuated below ; varices fingered, fingers uncin-
nated ; tubes intermediate, distinct ; canal elon-
gated, recurved.

Petit. Revue Zoologiquc, 1.S4G.

Hab. New Zealand.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis.)

Typhis expansus. Ti/p. testa lata, pallide Julvd, sub-
turbinatd; anfractibus supernl: angulaiis, suprd
angulum planulatis ; varicibus angulatis, supeiiu
in spinam acuminatam elcvatis, ultimo lute expanso,

superne nnipliralo, retrorsim arcuato, ad marginem
acute laqueato ; canali lata, breviusculo ; ttibis
prope varices precedentes locatis, retrorsim curvis.

The expanded Typhis. Shell broad, pale fulvous,
somewhat turbinated ; whorls angular above,
flattened above the angle ; varices angular, raised
above in an acuminated spine, the last broadly
expanded, with a single fold above, arched back-
wards, sharply fluted at the edge; canal broad,
rather short ; tubes placed near the preceding
varices, curved backwards.

SowKUBY (Junr.) 1874.

Hab. ?

"^ Species 13. (.\lus. Brit.)

Typhis (iCAi>i:ATUs. Typ. testd subquadratd, solidd,
inter varices fulvis, fusco strigatis ; a?ifraclibus
pyriformibus ; tvhis intermediis, breviitsculis ;
varicibus crassis, albis, pallide strigatis, medio fim-
briatis, supra uncinnatis ; canali lato, prope ter-
minum angusto, oblique j-etrorso.

The square Typhis. Shell subquadrate, solid, fulvous
between the varices, striped with brown ; whorls
])yriform ; tubes intermediate, rather short ;
varices thick, white, with pale stripes, fringed in
tlie middle, hooked above ; canal broad, narrow
near the end, turned obliquely backwards.

IIiXDS. Voyage of the Sulphur, Mollasca, p. 10, PI. III.,
IV., figs. .5, G.

Hub. Gulf of Nicoya, B.ay of Guayaquil.

Species 14. (Mus. Angas.)
Typhis Yatesii. Typ. testa fusiformi, brevi, pallid^
rosed ; anfractibus jjyriforniibus ; varicibus pinna-
tis, medio leviter laqueatis, infrd unilobatis, supra
elevatis, acute uncinnatis ; tubis intermediis, brevius-
culis, distinctis ; canali brevi, lato.

February, 1874.

TYPHIS.— Plate III.

Yatks's Typhis. Shell fusiform, short, pale rose;
whorls pyriform ; varices pinnated, slightly fluted
in the middle, with a single lobe below, elevated
above, sharply uncinnated ; tubes intermediate,
rather .short, distinct ; canal short, broad.

Anoas. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hah. Australia.

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)
Typhis Montfortii. Tjip. testd fusiformi, pavvd, pal-
lide 1-osea : anfrartihus pyriformibus ; xpird de-

vatd ; varicibus laminatis, e.ctantibus, medio angu-
lalim pUcatis, supt-rne acute uncinnatis ; tnbis
prope varices precedentes heads, vltimis elongatis ;
canali nngustiusculo, subrecvrvo.

Montfort's Typhis. Shell fusiform, small, pale rose ;
whorls pyriform ; spire elevated ; varices lami-
nated, outstanding, angularly plaited iu the
middle, sharply hooked above : tubes placed near
the preceding varices, the last elongated : canal
rather narrow, slightly recurved.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.

Hah. Japan.

MONOGRAPH

OF TllK (iENUS

1> L E U R 0 T 0 M A R 1 A,

■■ From some green Eden ..f the deep.
Where Pleasure's aigli alone is lieanl."—Cri /,(/-(«'(/.

PlruroUmana ,p] I

VmcCTl,Rrook;5,9- iSim Imli.

P L E U R 0 T 0 M ARIA.

Genus PLEUROTOMARIA, De/rancc.

Tt:<l<i Irocliiformi, intus nacrca, exlils cancellata ; an-
frartibns hn^ntis, medio vel supcrm' canali cicatriccv-
formi, arcitatim striata, spiraliter sculptis.

Labium externum Jissrira elongatA incisd emar-

i/itialiim.
SlicU trochif'orm, jiearly within, c;inceliated without;

whorls turretod, spirally sculjitured in the ndddle

01- al)ove with a scar-like, curved-striated canal.

Outer lip emargiiiated with an elongated incised

fissure.
Two species only oC this hitherto-supposed extinct
genus are now known. The fir.st was published in the
.Journal de Conchyliologie, in 1855, from the Island of
Marie (ialante. The other is in the collection of
M. Crosse, the present conductor of that work, who
de.scribed it in 1861 : both represented by unique
specimens. In the later and larger sjiecimen tlie lip
is so broken away that it does not exhibit the fissure,
which, however, is inferred by a spiral scar on the
uppc-r part of the whorls.

Species 1. (Fig. <', /', Mus. Crosse.)
PLi:iitOT().M.\Ri.\ Ai).\NSON'lA.\A. Pie. testd mayna,
tiochifiinni, umhilico imiijno perforata, infra
coiivexo-planuLatd, omnino spiraliter liratd, liris
minoribus concentricis decussata, pallide lutesr.enti,
inacidis 'i~ufis irregularihus pictd ; anfractibus un-
ilccim, lente crescentibiis, prnpe sttturam obliipi!:
ptauulatis tunc angulatis ; cicatrice spiraii lata,
temiiter arcuatim stiiatd, ad angidum superioran
locato.

Adan.son'.s Pleurotomauia. Shell large, trochiform,
perforated with a large umbilicus, flattened-convex
below ; spirally ridged all over, decussated with
smaller ribs ; pale yellowish, irregularly painted
with irregular red patches ; whorls eleven, slowly
increasing, obliijuely flattened near the suture,
then angular ; sjiiral cicatrix broad, with fine
curved strice, placed .at the upper angle.

Crossk Axr> Fi.scilER. Jiiurnal de Conchyliologie, 18G1.

Hob. Marie-Galante.

Species 2. (Fig. a, h, Mus. De Burgh.)

Pi,i:uR0T0MAiaA Qdovana. I'k. testd trochifurmi, can-
cellatd, imperforatd, corneo-piirpurasccnti , inandis
.ivbf/undratiii pictd ; npird moderate cleraUi ; an-
fractibus novem, sidirolundis ; cicatrice spiraii pro -
ftuuld, v<didi striata circa medium locatd ; f.ssurd
ebnu/atd.

(Jl'oy's Pi.f.ui;uto.mai!IA. Shell trochiform, cancellated
imperforate, purj>lish-fleshy, painted with scjuare
patches ; spire moderately raised ; whorls nine,
rather rounded ; spiral cicatrix deep, strongly
striated, placed about the middle ; fissure elon-
gated.

Fischer anh Beunarik. Journal de Conchyliologie,
\K)'), p. IG;').

Ilab. ?

This species has no umbilicus, its whorls are fewer
than in the preceding species, and the cicatrix is in the
centre of the whorls, instead of being at the upper part
near the angle.

February, 1874.

MONOGRAPH

OF TUK CiKNL'S

G A L E 0 M M A,

■ All which are made with wondrous wise respect.
And all with admirable heauty deekt."— .SV''««"

Gak'omituj PI I.

gSl

^

G A L E 0 M M A.

Plate I.

Genus GALEO.MMA, Turion.

Testa (F(]tiiralris, suhaquilateralis, transverse ovata,
(Hvai-icatirn grauoso-striata, ad mnrgincm veiitralein
late ht'ans. Fossiila cartHaijiniftva iiij'rd vmhones
parva. Impressioiies musculares ihia; rotund/',
fiiijirc.^'sio pallii simplex.

Shell cquivalve, sub(>(iuilator;il, transversely ovate,
diver;z:i-'ntly granosely striated, widely gaping at
the ventral margin. Cartilaginous pit under tlie
miiboes small. Muscular im])re.ssions two,
rounded. Impression of the mantle pimple.

Comparing this genus with Sriiuillu, we lind that it
diflcrs in liaving uo hinge-teeth, in having a sculptured
suri'ace, and always a very wide hiatu.s at the ventral
margin. The type species, Galeonana Turttmi, is found
in the Chamiel Islands, as well as on some southern
shores of Great Britain ; another species is Australian,
and all the rest were collected by Mr. Cuming, in the
Philippine Islands. The animal attaching itself to
rocks by a bysus lies with its valves spread open and
their dorsal edge uppermost.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Nobis.)

Galeom.m.\ Tuijtoni. GaL testa alM, elonfjata, vtrin-
qve actimtiiatd; conspioie striis elcvatis, granosis,
irrei/iilariter diverijentihas sciilptd ; valvis in medio
pLniinque contractis, late hiantibus.

TuiiTox's Galeomma. Shell white, elongated, acu-
minated at both ends ; conspicuously sculptured
with raised granose, irregularly divergent stria; ;
valves generally contracted in the middle, broadly
gaping.

SowERBY. Genera of Shells.

Hab. Guernsey ; lOxmouth.

The slight central contraction in the valves seen in
some specimens, is not visible in all.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

rAUCISTKIATA. Gol. tCstU puUid'c flllc

enviter striata, medio rontrcuid; ten

later

Hi,) loun

nlbus oi
niiistiori

latere posticci inagis injlulo.
The ke\v-.stuiati;i) Gai.eu.mma. Shell pale fulvous,

finely striated, contracted in the middle ; ends

obtuse; anterior side a littlQ longer, narrower;

posterior side more inllated.
Desiiayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185 J, p. 170.
Ilab. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

The sculpture is so fine tliat it only appeal's in parts
unless closely examined.

very tinel\

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)
Galeomma anci'sta. Gal. tesla alhida,

striata ; elongatd, emgustd, termiinhiis .

margiiie venirali rectiuseulo.
The NAunow Galeomma. Shell whitish,

striated ; elongated, narrow, ends rathi

ventral margin rather straight.
Dksiiayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.
Ilab. Isl. Bohol, Philippines.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

Galeomma foilmosa. Gal. testd aurantid, ehmgatd,
utrinqne acuminata, ienuiter striatd, pauli} ante me-
dium contraetd ; latere postico longiori viagis inJlato_

The beautiful Galeomma. Shell orange, elongated,
acuminated at each end, finely striated, contracted
a little before the middle ; posterior side a little
longer and more inllated.

Desiiayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.

Hab. Aiistralia.

The form of this species resembles that of the typical

one. The colour of the finer stria disliiitiuishes it.

February, 1874.

GALEOMMA.— Plate 1.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)
Galeomma chloroleuca. Gal. testa elongatd, tenuis-

sime striata, pallide auranlia, medio conlractd ;

terminihus ohtusis, hiatu angustiusculo.
Thr okange-white Galeomma. Shell elongated, very

finely striated, pale orange, contracted in the

middle ; ends obtuse, hiatus rather narrow.
Deshates. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.
Ilab. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

This shell very nearly resembles Scintilla ambigua
in general appearance, but on close inspection it is
found to be striated, and therefore a Galeomma.

Species 6. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)
Galeomma inflata. Gal. testd hreviusculd, pallide fulvd,
tenuiter granoso- striata, medio coarctatd ; valvis
arcuatis, ad marginem ventralem latissime hiantibus.
The inflated Galeomma. Shell rather short, pale
fulvous, finely granosely striated, contracted in
the middle; valves arched, very widely gaping at
the ventral margin.
Dr.snAYES. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)
Galeomma argentea. Gal. tcsid parvd, ohhngd, fere

alhd, tenuiter striata, nd terminos siibtruncatd ;

intiis argentea; valvis arcuatis.
The silvery Galeomma. Shell small, oblong, almost

white, finely striated, rather truncated at the end ;

silvery within ; valves arched.
Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 109.
Hab. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

This species is more finely striated and more trun-
cated at each end than Galeomma Tnrtoni. It has a
peculiar silvery lustre inside.

Species 8. (Mus. Brit.)

Galeomma indecora. Gal. testd pallide fulvd, oblongd,
tenuissime striatd ; latere antico breviuscvlo, obtus'e
truncato, paulo contracto ; latere postico oblique
infiato.

The plain Galeomma. Shell pale fulvous, oblong, very
finely striated ; anterior side rather short, obtusely
truncated, a little contracted ; posterior side ob-
liquely inflated.

DEsn.A.TES. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 1G9.

Ilab. Isl. Masbate, Philippines.

But for the very fine stria that may be seen in parts
of this shell, it would seem to belong rather to Scintilla
than to this genus.

Species 9. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Galeojima MACR0CHIS.MA. Gal. testd brevi, pallide
fulvd, conspicue granoso-striatd ; latere antico
subacuminato ; latere postico obtuso ; valvis
medio coarctatis, arcuatis, latissime hiantibus.

The wide-gaping Galeomma. Shell short, pale fulvous,
conspicuously granosely striated ; anterior side
rather acuminated ; posterior side obtuse ; valves
contracted in the middle, arched, very widely
gaping.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 171.

Hab. Isl. Masbate, Philippines.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

SCINTILLA,

" Look on the frauit'
Of tliis wide universe, and therein reuil
The emlless kind of creiitures, which by name
Thou canst not count, much less then- nature's aiine."^ .S'/"

ScLiUiUa II. !.

AftncttuiBTcidis 11^ h. 5an Imp

SCINTILLA.

Genus SCINTILLA, J)cs/,„i/,s.

Moltuscum acepludum, l/iinusctilogtim. T<sta bivalcU,

/(Bviyatd, transversim snboi'ata, margine dorsali sen

ventrali /re(jueiiter hianti, canlo dentibus utruquc

valv'i duobtts divergentibtis postico nonnunquam

duplicato ; Ugamento parvo, lineari, intcrno. Im-

pressio pal/ii integta.

Mollusc acephalous, bimuscular, shell bivalve, smooth,

transversely subovate, dorsal or ventral margin

frequently gaping; hinge with two divergent teeth

in each valve, the posterior sometimes divided ;

ligament small, linear internal ; impression of the

mantle entire.

The shells of this genus difler from those of Galeomma,

in having a smooth, sunictinies, polished surface. The

mantle is reflected over the backs of the valves, as they

lie open when living. Pew of the Scintilla gape

widely as most of the Galeomma: do. The greater

number of the hitherto recorded species are from the

Philippines. Several are I'rom Australia, while Borneo,

the Mauritius, and Ceylon add a few to the number.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla succinea. Sci. testd politd, subqimdrata,

fused, semipellucidd, clausd, suhccquHalerali ;

Tnargine ventrali vix convexo.
The AMiiEU Scintilla. Shell polished, subquadrate,

brown, semipelliicid, closed, subcquilateral ; ventral

margin scarcely convex.
DtsHATES. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 176.
Hab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

This rather square shell is closed all round.

Species 2. (F

Scintilla tuegescens. ;
oblongo-subquadvatd.
obtusis ; manjine ventrali

. h, Mus. Brit.)

testd, alba, injkitd, i-lansd,
bwquilaterali ; nmhonibus

culo.

The swelling Scintilla. Shell white, inflated, closed,
oblong-sub(]uadrate, snbequilateral ; umbones
obtuse ; ventral margin rather straight.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 175.

Ifah. Moreton Bay.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla Ci:mini;ii. Sci. testd atbd, parlim muiu-
tissiine granulatd, opacd, solidiitsculd, tumidd,
oblongo-suhquadratd, clausd, suhmquilatei'ali, latere
aiitico paulb miiiuri, subtriuicato ; margine ven-
trali inlus ininute cremilato.

Cuming's Scintilla. Shell white, in parts very
minutely granulated, opaque, i-ather solid, tumid,
oblong-subquadrate, closed, subcquilateral, an-
terior side rather the smaller, slightly truncated ;
ventral margin minutely crenulated within.

Deshaves. Proc. ZooL Soc, 1855, p. 173.

Hab. Panama.

Species 4.- (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla Reevii. Sci. testd cornpressd, latd, sub-
truncatd, semipellucidd, margine dorsali utrinqve
hianti ; postice declivi, antice elevato, terminibus
late truncatis.

Reeve's Scintilla. Shell compressed, broad, sub-
truncated, semipellucid, dorsal margin gaping on
both sides, posteriorly sloped, anteriorly raised ;
ends broadly truncated.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 17C.

Hab. Isl. Negroes, Philippines.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit.)
Scintilla Piiilippinensis. Sci. ovatd, albidd, com-
pressd, tdrinqii'e paulu hianti ; latere postico
breviori, obliqui: siibtruncatu : margine ventrali
ant ire conrexiiisculo.

February, 1874.

SCINTILLA.— Plate I.

The Philippine Scintilla. SbcU ovate, whitish, com-
pressed, a little gaping at each end ; posterior side
a little the shorter, rather obliquely truncated ;
ventral margin anteriorly convex.

DESHAyE.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 176.

Hah. Philippine Islands.

Species G. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla Candida. Sci. testa lacted, ovatd, clausd,
tmnidiusculd, oMiqud ; latere postico angustiusculo ;
marginc ventrali antice convexo.

The white Scintilla. Shell milk-white, ovate, closed,
rather tumid, oblique ; posterior side rather
narrow, ventral margin anteriorly conve.x.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 177.

Hah. Isl. Bureas, Philippines.

The thin Scintilla. Shell ovate, milk-white, closed,
sulicompressed, posterior side rather short, sub-
truncaled ; ventral margin equally convex.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.

Hab. Isl. Sama, Philippines.

More ovate, thinner, and less oblique than Scintilla
Candida.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus

■1 Copied.)

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)
Scintilla tenuis. Sci. tcstd ovaid, lacted. clausd snb-
compressd, latere postico breviusculo. subtrnncato :
margine ventrali mqualiter

Scintilla Jukesh. Sci. testa magnd, subcompressd,
lacted, ovato-suboblongd, concentrice leviter rugatd,
marginibus terminalibus paulo hiantibiis, subtrun-
catis ; margine ventrali rectiusculo.

Jukes's Scintilla. Shell large, rather compressed,
milk-white, ovate, rather oblong, concentrically
slightly wrinkled, terminal margins a little
gaping, rather trimcated ; ventral margin rather
straight.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 174.

Hab. Australia.

Scintilla I'l.II.

S C 1 N T I L L A.

Spooies 9. (M>is. Nobis.)

Scintilla semiclai:.sa. Sci. tistd vivid<- aurantia, \

breviter ohlongii, tuiitkln, ntrinqu!' pnulo hianti, [

medio datud; latere postico htajtisculu, ad tcnninum '

ot/lii/ne truiicato ; ynaiginibns dorsali. ct ventrali \

rectius(yulin. j

The halk-closki) Scintilla. Shell bright orange,
shortly obloiijr, tumid. ;i little gaping at both

ends, closed in the middle; posterior side a little i

the larger, truncated obliijuely at the end : dorsal j

and ventral margins rather straiglit. j

ScWEiiBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, IfsTO. 1

Hnb. Borneo. [

This is one of the prettiest of the species, from it?
bright orange colour and liLrht toxlnre.

The i;ose SnixTiLLA. Shell rose-coloured, polished,
closed ; anterior side short, sloped, rather coni-
pres.sed ; posterior side inflated, oblique.

Desuayes. Proc. Zool. Soc., IS.').'!, p. 17".

Ilab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla pallidula. Sci. testa pallida /uU-d. elongatu,
a/mprcsiii ; margiiw vtntrali vix hianti. latere
antico breriuxcuh. teriiiinibu,i suli-ohliquis.

The pale Scintilla. Shell jialc fulvous, elongated,
compressed : ventral margin scarcely gaping, an-
terior side rather short, ends rather oblique.

Deshates. Proc. Zool. Soc, IS.'u'), p. 17(1.

Hab. Isl. Zebu, Philippines.

This species resembles Scintilla aurantia in general
appearance, but it is nearly or wholly closed at the

L'ies 11. (Mus. Brit.)

SciNTLLA hosea. ScL tef:tii rosed, politi), clausd ; latere
antico breri, deelivi, subcompresso ; latere postico
injlato, vbliquo.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla H.^nlevi. Sci. testd lata, compressd, palli-
di^iimi; J'ltlvd, Ii/jalind ; latere postico subrotundo,
latere antico breviori, lati; siibtiiincato, maryinibus
dorsali et terminalibus liiantibus.

Hanley'.s Sci^^tili.a. Shell broad, compressed, vei-y
p.'ile fidvoiis, glassy ; posterior side riitlier
round, anterior side rather sliort, broadly sub-
truncated, dors.-d and terminal margins gaping.

SowEP.nv. Tliesaurus Conchyliorura, Scintilla, Sp. 'i^,

Hab. Singapore.

The valves iust touch at the umbouea and ventral

S[.ecies 13. (Mus. Brit.)
Scintilla Stkangei. Sci. testa ohlongd, albd, clausd,

anticii Irrcviori, subtruncatd, postict!- mar/is rotundatd .

marginibus ventrali ct dorsali rectiusculis.
STR.\NaE',s Scintilla. Shell oblong, white, closed,

shorter in front, subtruncated, posteriorly more

rounded; ventral and dorsal margins rather

straiglit.
Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1,SJ5. p. 181.
Hab. Moreton Bav.

Species 1-1.
Timoi:en-sis.

])ressd,
February, 1874.

(Mus. Brit.)
Sci. testd aiirnniid, c
marijine dorsali ad la

SCINTILLA.— Plate II.

pauld hianti : margine ventral! clauso, convexi-

,)scuh.
The Timor Scintilla. Shell orange, compressed,

subquadrate ; dorsal margin a little gaping

at the sides ; ventral margin closed, a little

convex,
Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1S55, p. 174.
ffnh. Timor.

One of the broad scali-like species, which nearly all
have the ventral margins closed.

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.) '

Scintilla Cdvieri. Sci. testd aurantid, suhcircu-

lari, compressd ; margine dorsali utrinque hianti;

latfre postico rotundo ; latere antico abliqve suh-

tnincato.
Cuvikr'.s Scintill.\. Shell orange, rather circular,

compressed ; dorsal margin gaping at both ends ;

]iosterior side rounded : anterior side obliquely

subtruncated.
Dkshaves. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 174.
Hah. Isl. Bohol, Philippines.

Differing from the preceding species in its more
rounded form.

Species 16. (Mus. Brit.)

SciNTii.iLA OwENli. Sci. testA pallide fulva, dausd,
olilongd, fasciis opacis concentricis variatd ; latere
iintico hrevi, tnincato.

Owen's Scintilla. Shell pale fulvous, closed, oblong,
varied with opaque concentric liands ; anterior
side short, truncated.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.

Hab. Isl. Zebu, Philippines.

More straightly oblong and truncated than Scintilla
Borneensis.

^lecies 17. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla pcdica. Sci. testd oblongo-suhovatd, rosed
latere antico hrevi, truncato ; margine ventral;
pauld hianti, rectiiXsculo ; latere postico-dorsah
leviter declivi.

The blushing Scintilla. Shell oblong-subovate, rose-
coloured ; anterior side short, truncated ; ventral
margin a little gaping, rather straight; postern-
dorsal side slightly sloped.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 178.

Hah. Isl. Zebu, Philippines.

Species 18. (Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla Forbesii. Sci. testd ftilvo-lutescenti, oblongd,
suhovatd, tumidiusculA ; latere antico breviusculo,
suhtruncato ; margine ventrali pauld hianti.

FoRBEs's Scintilla. Shell yellowish buff, oblong, sub-
ovate, rather tumid ; anterior side rather short,
subtruncated ; ventral margin a little gaping.

Deshayes. Proc Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 170.

Hab. Singapore.

More equally tumid and more oval than the Bornean
species Scintilla aurantiaca.

Scinlillfi H 111

SCINTILLA.

Species 19. (Fig. a, b, c, d, Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla amuioua. Sci. testd pallkU miranti'i stu
alba, te.nui, oblongd, minutissinie punctulafd, siih-
diaphani'i, suhinjlatd ; latere postico long'wri, ad
Urminum siibdeciivi, props marginam vcntralcm
siibacuminato ; latere antko siibtnincato, medio
patili) contraeln ; manjinc ventralt plus miniisve
hianti.

The amiuguocs Scintilla. Shell pale oraiigi; or
white, thin, oblong, very minutely piinctured,
subiliaphanous, subinflated ; posterior side rather
the longer, rather sloped at the end, slightly
acuminated near the ventral margin ; anterior
side a little truncated, middle a little contracted ;
ventral margin more or less gaping.

Deshayks. ?

Scintilla aurantlaca, Sowerby's Thesaurus as of
Deshayes.

Species l'(». (Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla Mauhitiana. Sci. testd elumjatd, viridi-
auraiitid, moderate injlatd ; mar/jine ventrali late
hianti, margine dorsali recliasculd, terminibtis sub-
obli(jue breviter tnaicatis.

The Macritu's Scintilla. Shell elongated, bright
orange, moderately inllated ; ventral margin
widely gaping, dorsal margin rather straight,
ends rather obliquely shortly truncated.

Deshates. Edition of Lamarck's Anim. s. Vert.

Hab. The jMauritius. — Isl. Bourbon.

We tliink that the shell .figured in Sowerby's

Thesaurus for this species is only an elongated

variety of Scintilla amhigna.

Species 21. (Mus. Nobis.)
Scintilla APEin-A. Sci. testd vinde auraiitid, hreriler
ohhmgd, ulriiajue sultru/icatd, concent/ ice svb-

i-ugatd, suhrquilalerali ; ralndis medio nrcuatis :
■undionihus tinniills : margine rentnill latissimi'
hianti.
The open Scintilla. Shell bright orange, shortiy-
olilong, rather truncated on each side, concentri-
cally slightly ivrinkled, subequilateral ; valves
arched in the middle ; umbones tumid ; ventral
margin very widely gaping.

llab. The Jlauritius.

Much shorter and more truncated than Scintilia
aurantiaca, with tlie valves remarkably arched, and a
very wide hiatus in the ventral margin.

Species 22. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla Bouneensis. Sci. testd albidd, concentrice
suhstriatd, fere clausd, suUnJlatd ; latere antico
breui, angustiori, oblique subtruncato : medio
subcontracto.

The Boi:ne.vn Scintilla. Shell whitish, concentrically
substriated, nearly closed, rather inllated ; anterior
side short, narrower, obliquely subtruucated ;
slightly contracted in the middle.

Deshayes. ?

Ilab. Borneo.

More inequivalve and oblique than Scintilla ambigua,

and scarcely if at all gaping.

Species 29. (i\Ius. Brit.)

Scintilla Uecluziana. Sci. testd ro.'^eo-purpurascenti,

teiiuissinid, oblongd, clausd, medio subcontracto;

latire antico truncato.
Eeclcz's Scintilla. Shell rose-purplish, very thin,

oblong, closed, .slightly contracted in the middle ;

anterior side truncated.
Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1(5J5, p. 178.
Hub. North Australia.

February, 1.S7-L

SCINTILLA.— Plate IU.

Species 24. (Miis. Brit. ?)

bClNTILLA FLAVIDA.

trgta tenm.

pallidissime fulvd, cnmpressd, ad marginem dorsa-
lem utrinque paulo aperU'i ; altibidine. longiUulinem
fere mquanti.

The yellowish Scintilla. Shell thin, subqiiadrate,
very pale fulvous, compressed, a little open at
the dorsal margin on both sides; height nearly
equalling the length.

Deshave.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 175.

Hah. Philippines.

Species 25. (Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla Adamsi. Sci. testa paiiide JulvA, oblongd,
clausd, iiuBquilalerali, vtoderate iiifiatd ; latere
antico brevi, angusto, Iruncato ; margine veiitrali
rectiusculo.

Adams's Scintilla. Shell pale fulvous, oblong, closed,
inequilateral, moderately inliated ; anterior side
short, narrow, truncated ; ventral margin rather
straight.

Deshates. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 179.

Hab. U. Bohol. Philijipines.

ScMiUaPiN.

'•>:

m

^

"Viiicerit. BiooksBay A Sot hup

S C I i\ T I L L A.

Siiecies 20. (Fig. a, I. Mus.

Scintilla spli-ndida. Sd. testa lacted, poUtk
tenia', oblongd, compressa, valde iiHequilaterc
latere antico brevi,tnincato ; latere poftico trvnc
marijine ventrali recto, moderate liiaiiti.

Thl si'LKNDiD Scintilla. Shell milky-white, brig
polished, thin, oblong, compressed, very ine
lateral ; anterior side short, truncated ; postt
side truncated; ventral margin moderately gaj

Dbsiiayes. .'

Hab. ?

Plate

IV.

the middle, gaping at each end ; i

rather .'Straight.

■all .■
eato:

SowKUBY. Proc Zool. Soc, 1870.
Ilah. Borneo.

?htly

■qui-

Species 2'.t. (Mus. Brit. )

This shell is doei

iti/la Layardi,

111!'' in front.

species

(Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla i.nceuta. Sci. lestd alba, clnusA, solidd.
luniidd, striis transverisis lo>i)/!tudiiialt'bu:<ipii
graiiosis decufsatd ; latere antico bnviusculc,
angustiusculo ; latere postico mat/is iiijlato, medio
siMepresso.

The docbtful Scintilla. Shell white, closed, solid,
tumid, decussated with transverse and longitudinal
granulated strias : anterior side rather short, rather
narrow ; posterior side more inflated, slightly
depressed in the middle.

Deshave.s. Conehyliologie de File de la Reunion.

Hab. Isl. Bourbon.

Species 28. (Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla onLOXGA. Sci. pallidc fiilvd, tenui, semi-
pellucidd, comprefsd, breviter oblongd, medio clauaa
utrinque hianti ; margine ventrali rectiilsculo.

The oblong Scintilla. Shell pale fulvous, thin, semi-
pellucid, compressed, shortly oblong, clo.sed ir

ventral margin

Sci NTH.

late

The

FABA. Sci. tcsld lacted, injlatd, ubluni/O'
, clauiid ; latere antico oblique suhtruncato ;
postico obliqui; magis injlato.
BEAN Scintilla. Shell milk-white, inllated,
olilong-ovate, closed; anterior side obliquely sub-
truncated ; posterior side more inflated obliquely.
Deshayes. Ivlition of Lamarck's Anim. s. Vert.
Hah. Borneo.

Species 30. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla hyalina. Sci. testd compressd, ovatd, dia-
pliand. palliild, nvJKfpiilatcrali ; margine din-suli
vtrinquc I'alde hianti: margine ventrali mitlin
clauso.

The in'ALiN-E Scintilla. Shell compressed, ovate,
diaphanous, pale, subeijuilateral ; dorsal margin
gaping at both ends ; ventral margin closed in the
middle.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 185i), p. 180.

llah. Torres Straits.

In the open end and transparent texture resembling
Scintilla llanleyi, Init ditfering in the oval- form.

Species 31. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla Latardi. Sci. testd tenui, alba, semipellvcidd,
angiisfd, clo. gain, medio subinflald ; margine ventrali
late apcrlo ; ternunibus subrolundis.

February, 187-1.

SCINTILLA.— Plate IV.

Layakd's Scintilla. Shell thin, white, semipellucid,
narrow, elongated, middle a little inflated ; ventral
margin widely gaping; ends rather rounded.

De.shates. ?

Hab. Ceylon.

This little open species is like a Ga/eomma in all but

the structure of the surface.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla polita. Sci. testd alba, nitenti, semipelliicidd,
annpressd, concentrice I'ugatd, ohlongd, tctrinqui'
tnincatd ; latere antico hreviori ; margine ventrali
paulo hianti.

The polished Scintilla. Shell white, shining, semi-
pellucid, compressed, concentrically wrinkled,
oblong, truncated at each end ; anterior side
shorter ; ventral margin a little gaping.

Deshayes. ?

Ilah. Isl. Samar, Philipi)ine.<.

Species S3. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla poeulosa. Sci. testd pallidissime rosed, minn-
tissime punctulatd, compres.id, elongatd, medio snhde-
pressd, cojicent}-ice ohscuro rugatd, niarginihus clausis.

The porous Scintilla. Shell very pale rose, very
minutely punctured ; compressed, elongated ;
middle rather depressed, concentrically obscurely
wrinkled ; margins closed.

Desh.\ye.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.').5, p. 180.

Hah. Isl. of Bohol.

Species 34. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla obliqua. Sci. testd ohliqur ohlongd, fused,
clausd, vaklc incequilaterali ; latere antico brevissimo,
truncato ; latere postico subinjlato ; marginibus
dorsali et ventrali rectidsculis.

The oblique Scintilla. Shell obliquely oblong,
brown, closed, very inequilateral ; anterior side
very short, truncated ; posterior side rather
inflated, dorsal and ventral margins rather
straight.

SowEP.rY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Scintilla, species
32, fig. 35.

Iliib. Ecuador.

Species 35. (Mi

■ ? Copied.)

Scintilla declivis. Sci. testd semipellucidd, parvd,
pallidi: fulvu, intiis fused, clausd ; valde incequi-
laterali; latere iinlici> brevi : margine dorsali
utrinque dedivi.

The SLOPED Scintilla. Shell semipellucid, .small, pale
fidvous, brown within, closed, very inequilateral ;
anterior side short ; dorsal margin sloped at eacli
side.

SowERBY. Thesiiurus Conchyliorum, Scintilla, sp. 31,
fig. 30.

Ilab. ?

This little species is very oblique, and being half
transparent, shows through to the outer surface the
slight purplish colour of the inside.

ScinULla Fl.V.

"s^^

^

V "^

•fc:ajl.aiotisI%S.;m.Ii

SCINTILLA.

Species .10. (Mus. ?)

Scintilla lactka. Set. teM ohlonijd, oblirpiu, a/bu,
incequilaUrali, semipelhicida, clausa ; laCirc uiitico
brevi, subtrunvato ; margine dorsati utriiique dccliri^-
latere postico subobliijuo ; manjine. vcntrali cun-
ve.ri sculo.

TilE .MILK-WHITE SCINTILLA. Shell oV)lollg, obliqUf,
white, ineiiuiluterai, seiuijH'Ilucid, closed ; anterior
side sliort, subtruncated ; dorsal luargiu sloped on
both sides, posterior side rather oblique ; ventral
margin rather convex.

S(>wi.ui;v. I'roc. Zool. Soc, IKC").

//„/,. ?

More oblong and less sloped than Sri7itilla dedivis.

Species :M . (Fig. a. b.)

Scintilla anomala. S<-i. tesUt albA, pclhivid,}, compressu,
subquiidrald ; mai-giaibii^dorsalibi(S! iitrinquc paulo
Inanlibiis.

The anomalou.s Scintilla Shell wliite, pelhu-id. com-
pressed, subqiiadrate ; with dor.sal margins a little
gaping at both ends.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soe., 185 J, ji. LSI.

Ilab. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

Ml

iinbling tin

Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla hydatina. Sci. testa comeA, peUucidd, com-
pressii, subquadrata ; marginibus terminalibus
■^ utrinqiie hiantibus ; umboidbu!; siibcentndibus ;
margine ventrali rectiusculo.

The ti;ansp.U{ENt Scintilla. Shell pellucid, com-
pressed, subquadrate ; terminal margins gaping
on both sides ; umbones subceutral ; ventral
margin rather straight.

Deshaye.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 177.

Hab. Isl. Bohol, Philippines.

Species 39. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis.)
jtilla MEMiiUANACEA. Sci. teM tetiuissimA, coriird,
peUuddd, obloiigd, nfrinqne .wblnnicatd ; iiianjinc
dorsali utriiiqu,'- hlanii ; margine ventral/' rliiiifii,
rectihsculo.

MEMiiUANACEors SciNTiLLA. Shell Very thin,
horny, pellucid, oblong, slightly truncated on eacl
side ; dorsal margin gaping at both ends ; ventral
margin closed, rather straight.

Sow I
/lab.

A reniarkalily thin transparent slieii

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla stimatina. ,s'r/. testii albd, parvdjt'imln.'iimu,
pilliiddd, aiinprest'd, clnvt^d, subirqiulaterali, cim-
cciUrice mgix teuuisdmit: siriatd, lateribus dcclioibua;
margine dursali brevimculu ; innrgine ventrali
rectluseii lo.

The sti:iati;ii Sclvtilla. Shell white, small, very
thin, pellucid, compressed, closed ; rather eipii-
lateral, concentrically striated with very thin
wrinkles; sides sloped, dorsal margin rather
short ; ventral margin rather straight.

Desuayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, ji. 171).

Hab. Isl. Bohol, Philiniiines.

Species 41. (Mils. Brit.)
Scintilla opalina. Sci. testd oblique subovald, subcovi,

pressd, clausd, Keniijielliiddd, alba ; marginibu.

dorsal ibiis dedivibus.
Tue opal Scintiluv. Shell obliciu

Compressed, closed, semipellt

margins sloped.
Deshay£.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 1
Ilab. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

More tumid than Sc, striatiua and
striated.

ely subovate.
cid, white, ,

Febn

SCDiTlLLA.— Plate V.

Species -12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Sci.NTiLL.^ TUiiGiDA. Sci. testd, tcuM, alba, infiatA;
latere antico brcvi, amjustiori, tmncato ; latere
postico oblique inflalo, rotunda, inargine dorsali
elevato; margine postico-dorsali vix ajierto ; maryinc
renlrali medio iiiflato, antice coiitracto.

The turgid Scintilla. Shell tliio, white, inflated :
anterior side short, narrower, truncated, posterior
side obliquely inflated, rounded, dorsal margin
elevated ; posterior dorsal margin very little open :
ventral margin inflated in the middle, contracted
in front.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 175.

Hah. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

Species 43. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla scintillans. Sci. testd nitenti, medio sub-
cwnileo, siibpellucidd, veisiis marginem fidvidd,
optica, clavsd, oblongo-svbquadratd ; latere antico
breviori. marginibus dor.ialibus declivihus.

TuE BuiGUT Scintilla. Shell shining, subpellucid in
the middle, fulvous, opa(iue towards the margin,
closed, subquadrate ; anterior side shorter ; dorsal
margins sloped.

Desiiates. Proc. Zool. Soc, lb55, p. 175.

Wxb. Isl. Bohol, Philippines.

Species 44. (Mus. Brit.)

Sciktilla oviii.iNA. Sci. testd, ohlongo-subquadratd,
tumidissima, nitenti, clausd, partim semipeUucidd,
luted; marginihus lateralibus decHvibus, margine
ventrali rectiitsculo.

The oval Scintilla. Shell oblong- subquadrate,
rather tumid, shining, closed, partly semipellucid,
yellowish ; lateral margins sloped, ventral margin
rather straight.

Deshates. Proc. Zool Soc, 1855. p. 171.

Hub. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

In structure this shell and the next are opaque and

pellucid in bands.

SniUUIa ri. M.

'^^^

m

m

VmcenlBTooksDay SScm.frap

SCINTILLA.

Species -l.'). (Fig. a, h, Mu5. Brit.)

SciXTiLi..\ SOLIDUI.A. Sri. tesld oli/oiif/o-fuliijuadratii,
palliili' fulvu, soUdiusculd, tumida, clausd ; uin-
bonibiis magiiis, ?iiarr/i)ie ventrali recto ; marrjinibus
lateralihus obliijid; tnmcatis.

The solid Scintilla. Shell oblong-subquadratc,
pale fulvous, rather solid, tumid, closi'd ; umboes
large, ventral margin straight : lateral margin.s
obli(juely truncated.

Deshayks. Proc. Zool. See., 1S5.'), p. 171.

llab. Isl. Bohol, Philippines.

Species A1. (Mus. Taylor.)
Scintilla Pi'i;rui;ASCEXS. Set. testt'i ovafa, rompresifd,
roseo-piirpiirei'i ; latere antico bnviuri. oblique
trvncato ; m<ir(jine ventrali convcriiij^ndo, jmulu
hi ant i.
The I'ui'.rLisii Scintilla. Shell ovate, compressed,
rnse-purple ; anterior side shorter, obli(]uely trun-
cated ; ventral margin rather convex, a little
gaping.

SOWEIIHY.

SciutiUa rosea, Sowerby, Proc. Zool., 18C.').
/M>. ?

The name Sc. rosea, given to the species inadver-
tently in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, and
Sc. rosea of Deshayes, Thes. Conch, sp. 9, are quite
distinct.

Species 47. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla risrii. Sci. testa parvd, avraniid, tumida,
obliqiid, clausd ; latere antico angusto, subtruncato ;
latere postico rald'e injlato.

The pea Scintilla. Shell small, rather orange, tumid,
oblique, closed; anterior side narrow, rather
trimcated ; posterior side much inflated.

SowERBV. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, sp. 27.

Ilab. Mauritius.

Species 48. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla nYDROPiiAXA. Sci. testd semiptllueiild,]

fulvd, compressd, oblongo-stdjquadratd ; id

dorsali utrinquc paido aperto.
The iivni'.oniAXK Scintilla. Shell semipellucii;

fulvous, compressed, oblong-subquadrate ;

margin a little open at each end.
Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 178.
ILib. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Of a more obloncr form than SriiiliUa. Jiijdiaiia.

Spe

49. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla ci;oc'Ea. ^'c;'. testA .^uhquadratd, sulcomprcssd,
aiirantid ; viarginihiis terminalihus obtuse truncalis :
■inargine ventrali clauso, rectiusnilo ; mai-rjini
dorsali utrinque paido aperto.

The y-ellow Scintilla. Shell subquadrate, subcom-
pressed, orange ; terminal margins obtusely trun-
cated ; ventral margin closed, rather straight ;
dorsal margin a little open at botli end.s.

Deshayes. Proc. Zooh Soc, 1855, p. 175.

Hab. Isl. Negroes, Philippines.

Species 50. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla squama. Sci. testd compressd, lacted, semi-
pellucidd, concenlrice leviter undulatini ruejatd,
subrjtiadratd ; latere pustico oblique paidd producto;
terminis apertis.

The scale Scintilla. Shell compressed, niilk-wlnte,
seniipellucid, with sliglit concentric wave-like;
ridges, rather square ; posterior side a little
obliquely produced ; ends open.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, sp. 46.

Hab. Isl. Ticao, Philippines.

This pretty scale-like species is easily distinguished.

February, 1874.

SCINTILLA.— Plate VL

Species 51. (Mus. Brit.)
SciXTii,i,.\ CHRTSTALLINA. Sci. tcstd ;;a?-vf2, fnlvA,

pe.lhmdA, mibovato-rotundd, valde compressd ; mnr-

gine dmsa/i uirinque hianti.
The cni:Y,STALLiNE Scintilla. SIioll small, fulvous,

pollucid, subovately rounded, very compressed ;

dorsal margin gaping at both ends.
Deshaves. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 177.
Hah. Isl. Mindinao, Philippines.

The smallest, and one of the most hyaline of all the
species.

Species 52. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

ScixTiLLA pellicula. Sci . tcstd jiaiTtI, lacted, srib-
rotundd, compressd, pellucidd, conccntrice iindulathn
rugatA ; tei-minis apertis ; latere antico breviusculo,
■iubtnincato ; latere postico oblique paulo prodiicto.

The pellicle Scintilla. Shell small, milk-white,
rather round, compressed, pellucid, concentrically
undulately wrinkled ; ends open ; anterior side
rather short, rather truncated ; posterior side a
little obliquely produced.

Desh.vyks. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 177.

/fab. Isl. Rohol, Philippines.

A smaller and more rounded sliell than J^ciiitilla
squama, with more large and conspicuous wrinkles.

Species 53. (Mus. Brit.)

Scintilla vitp.^ea. Sci. testa ovato-subqvadraid,pallidi'
fulvd, tenuissimd, compressd, Jasciis subopacis ;
fere clausd ; terminis oblique truncatis : margine
dorsali recto ; umhonibus aciitis.

The glassy Scintilla. Shell ovately-subquadrate,
pale fulvous, very thin, compressed, with rather
ojiaque bands : almost closed ; ends obliquely
truncated ; dorsal margin straight, uniboes
sharp.

Desiiayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 177.

Hah. Isl. Bureas, Philippines.

Species 54. (Mus. Nobis.)

Scintilla opaca. Sci. lestd subovatd, tutenti. .ftramined,
ojmcd, clausd ; latere antico siibtruncato .■ margiiie
ventrali rectiuscnlo.

The opaque Scintilla. Shell subovato, shining, straw-
coloured, opaque, closed ; anterior side rather
truncated ; ventral margin rather straight.

SoWEP.BY.

IJab. ?

Although brilliantly polished, this little
opaque.

shell

SCINTILLA.

Adamsi, Ih;s/iai/es III.

ambigua, /)fsh(i>/i'.-< in.

.anoinala, Dcslmyes V .

aperta, ^'oH-<7% III.

a\irimtia.c'd, Desliaijes Ill,

liorneensiii, Desltai/es III.

Candida, Deshayes 1.

chrystollina, Deslitii/cs VI.

crocea, Dcshni/es VI.

Cumiugii, Deshayes I.

Cuvieri, Deshayes 11.

declivis, Soiverby ». IV.

faba, Dexhayes IV.

flavida, Deslinyes III.

Forhesii, l)e.^l,<iy<s II.

Hanleyi, Sdirirliy II.

hyalina, i)tv«/;a//(vs' IV.

hydatina, Deshaycs V.

hydrophana, Deshayes VI.

mcQ.Tio., Dcshayes IV.

Jukesii, 7)(s/ia»/es I.

\txctca., Sovcrhy V.

Layardi, i)('s/«j^es TV.

membranacoa, .S'omy;% V.

obliqua, Sowerby IV.

ohlongSi, Sowerhy IV.

o^a.ca, Sowerhy VI.

opalina, A'sAayM V.

Plate.

ovulina, Da-hayt'S V.

Ownm, Deshayes II.

palliduJa, Desliayes II.

pdlicnla, Besli ayes VI.

Philippinensis, Deshaycs I.

pisum, .S'oM'griy VI.

polita, Deshayes IV.

porulosa, Deshayes TV.

pudica, Deshayes II.

purpurascuiis, /9o?/w6y VI.

Uecluziana, Deshayes III.

Reevii, Deshayes I.

rosea, Deshayes II.

rosea, Sowerhy VI.

scintiUans, Deshayes V.

semk-laui^a, SowcThy II.

soUdula, Deshayes VI.

splendida, Deshayes IV.

sqiinma, Sowerby VI.

Strangei, Deshayes II.

striatina, Deshayes V.

succinea, Deshayes I.

tenuis, Deshayes I.

Timorensis. Deshayes U.

tvirgescens, Deshayes I.

tuigida, Deshayes V.

vitra;a, Deshayes VI.

MO N 0 CxR A Pll

uv THE (;knus

S T 0 M A T E J. L A.

■ A thing of beauty ia a joy for <-vpr "— /O'-'/.--

SioinatdUiPlI.

^P^

Vtnceait- HiaoluiDaj fciianlnip

S T O yi A T E L L A.

Genus STOMATKLLA, LamanL:

Testa phiA
fnu'tu

wjn

raliter

ij'ornii, spira pnrrti, iiltim
pertiiru mi

ultispinik.

oblique tloiigata, Hdcira, iilili

Opercuhim orliciilmv, ti-nur, conn i

Shell more or less auriform, with small sjiire and large
body whorl, spirally ribbed ; aperture large,
obliquely elongated, pearly, iridescent.

Operculum orbic\ilar, thin, hnrny, many-wliorled.

It is a (jUestion of convenience whether this genus
should or should not include the shells separated under
the name of Stomatia. The differences in the shells of
the two genera are not great, consisting mainly in the
I)resent genus not being wrinkled at the suture, like
tlie Stom(iti(r, and not liaving jironiinent spiral tubercu-
lar keels. The presence of an operculum in Stomatella
and its absence in Stimuttia, would, if it eoidd be
established, be a very important distinction. The
typical species is from Torres Straits, and two or three
are Australian, but a ver}' large proportion of the
remaining .species find their habitats among the Philip-
pines.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Stojiatklla fulguhans. Sto. t(ft''i .<uhorhiculari, sub-
depressi'i, fiilni, lineis ohliquis J'usco-(jrise$centihus
ornatd ; .'^pird acuminata; anfractihus tcnniter
liiatis ; ultimo aiijhictn siihp, r/'onitii.

Tiiii Lightning Sto.matei.la. Shell suliorbicular,
subdepressed, fulvous, ornamented with oblique
brownish-grey lines ; spire acuminated ; whorls
finely ridged ; la.st whorl partly perforated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. See, ItSSO.

Ilab. Isl. Negroes, Phillipiues.

Species 2. (Fig. o, b, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella .saxguinea. Sto. testd depressd, ovatd,
crassd, rubrd ; costis moniliformibus distantihus

'iriiald; x/iir^t aidiai-umiiiat,"!, aiifrai-tihiis ictuiidis ;
aprrturd lata ; labia intcnio lato, alba, uliliqiui,
valdc amiata.

The ULOOD-coi.oruEi) Sto.m.\tella. Shell depressed,
ovate, thick, red ; ornamented with distant beaded
ribs; spire subacuminated, whurls rounded ; aper-
ture broad ; inner lip Iimad, white, ol)lique, much
arche.l.

A. .Adams. Proc. Zool. Soe., l.S.'iO.

Ilab. Isl. Ticoa, Philippines.

ro is no difficulty in recognising this neat
ike si.ecies.

ittle

fFig. a, b, .Mus. Nobis.

■e macula'.) :
riilati.1 laiud pr

,1,1.

■itl: liratd:

apeiiui-d ovatd; columella albd, planidald

obliqtid.
Tin: I'APYi'.ACEous Stomatella. Shell smooth

globose, thin, ash-coloured, brown or red, v

with brown or black ; spirally ridged, not

nently, with smcoth, brown-spotted ribs;

acuminated ; aperture ovate ; columella

flattened, very oblique.
Chemnitz. Conchylien Cabinet, PI. 18l', f. IS 17,
Stomatella tumida, Gould.
ILib. Australia.

spire
white.

Difl'ering from all the rest
slightness of its stnu-ture.

he smoothness au^

Species 4. ( Fig. a, b. Mus. Brit. )

Stomatella haliotoidea. Sto. tcstd depressd, ubliqai:
subavriformi, fenui, fusco, rufo-alboqne vurii:
pictij. ; spird acuminata, anfractihus planiasculis.
sj)iralitcr costalis ; aperturd lata.

The haliotis Stomatella. Shell deiiressed, obliquely
rather auriform, thin, variously painted with

April, 1874.

STOMATELLA. -Plate I.

brown, red, and -white; spiro acuminated, wliorL
ratlier flat, spirally ribbed; aperture wide.

SowEi;r,v. Genera of Shells

llab. Philippines.

Sjiecies o. (FIl'. n, li, Mus. Brit.)

.Sru.M.iTtLLA MACULATA. Sto. testA dcprcssd, oUiqui-
ovatd, spii-aliter rostis monUiforiiiihus liratd ; fuseo
rel ruhro varierjatd ; apice subeUvato, anfractibus
imwexis, ultimo Into ; aperturd oblique ovatd.

The spotted .Stomatei-ea. Shell depre.ssed, obliquely
ovate, spirally ridged with beaded riijs; varied
with brown or red ; apex rather elevated, whorls
convex, last wide ; aperture obliquely ovate.

Qi:ov. Voy. de FAstrolabe, t. iv. p. 315.

Iluh. U. V.'inikoro.

Species 6. (Mus. Brit.)

SroM.vrELi.A Japonica. Sto. testa suborbiciiluri, sub-
depressd, /ulvo-rubescenti, spiruliter c.oslis Itevi-
lius, cunfertis, nodulosis liratd ; spii-d elevatd ;
ultimo anfractu iiijlato ; aperturd suborbicu-
hiri.

The Jata.n Sto.matella. Shell suborbicular, subde-
pressud, reddish - brown, spirally ridged with
smootli, close, nodulous ribs ; spire elevated ; last
whorl inflated ; aperture suborbicular.

A. Ada.ms. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1S5(I.

Hub. Japan.

This
Mahiki

s]iecies beai
na in form.

ibknce to Stomalella

SloiiKildlu 11 II.

Sawc£bT. deUtlii,

i.-cTnlBruuksDiy^tionTniC

STOMATELLA.

Plate U.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella monilifera. Sfo. tetitil svhorhiculaii,
pallide fulvi'i, fusco-nihesccnti punctata, costftlis
validis, moniUferis liraUi, interstitiis striatis ; ajicr-
turd obliquii, subctrculari.

The beaded Stomatella. Shell suborbicular, pale
fulvous, spotted with reddish-brown, ridged with
strong, beaded ribs ; interstices striated ; aperture
oblique, subcircular.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.')0.

IJah. ?

The locality of this pretty little shell has not been

ascertained.

Species S. (Fig. a, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella Candida. Sto. testd alln'i, ih'iirissi'i. fpimliter
acute carinatd; cnrinis parvis, ci'ii/' r/is. iuihk rasi's,
subcrenatis, angulatis, elevatis, iiilii:<li/iis conccn-
trice temdssime stfiatis ; npird stibdepressd ; an/'rac-
tibus rotundis ; aperturd obiiqud, subwbiculari.

The white Stoii.\tella. Shell white, depressed,
spirally sharply keeled ; keels small, close,
numerous, a little crenated, angular, raised, inter-
stices concentrically very finely striated ; spire
rather depressed, with rounded whorls ; aperture
oblique, suborbicular.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. Korean Archipelago.

This species was taken by Mr. Arthur Adams on

coral reefs.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella srECiosA. Sto. testd trochifunni, albd,
rubra maculatd, spiraliter carinatd, concentrice
striata ; carinis tribus principalibus obtusis, pro-
minentibus, interstitialibus minutis : fpird conica,
atifractibiis tricarinatis.

The specious Stomatella. Shell trochiform, white,
spotted with red, spirally keeled, concentrically

striated ; three principal keels obtuse, prominent,
interstitial ones minute ; spire conical, whorls tri-
carinate.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 18.J0.

Ilab. Grimwood's Island.

The arrangement of the red spots between the keels,
gives great beauty to tliis shell.

Species 10. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Nobis.)

Stosiateli.a iMiiuiCATA. Sto. testd depresso-orbiciilari,
sciibni, (/rised, Jusco-punctatd; costis fransversis
mimerosi.-i, coiifertis, imbricato-squayiwm iiratd ;
spird parvd, anfractibvs ditobus, convcxis : aperturd
maximd.

The imbricated Stom.^tella. Shell depressed-orbi-
cular, scabrous, grey, brown-spotted ; ridged with
numerous close ribs, with imbricated scales'; spire
small, whorls two, convex ; aperture very large.

Lamarck. Encyclopedie Methodique.

Hab. Torres Straits.

Species 11. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella sulcifera. Sto. testd obliqui- oblowjo-ovatd,
tenuiiisadd, spiraliter costis scabriitsadis Iiratd,
griseo-nd>escenti, maculis strigisque variegatd, con-
centrice minute striata ; aperturd maximd, oblique
obtungd.

The grooved Stomatella. Shell obhquely oblong-
ovate, rather thin, spirally ridged with rather
scabrous ribs, reddish-grey, varied with spots and
stripes, concentrically minutely striated ; aperture
very large, obliquely oblong.

Lamarck. Encyclopedie Methodiijue.

Hab. Isl. Ticao, Isl. Samar, Philippines.

Taken at low water from the coral reefs fringing the
Islands.

April, 187-1.

STOMATELLA.— Plate II.

Species 12. (Fig. o, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella notata. Sto. teshi mborbimlnri-depressA,
pallide rosed, maculis purpureis distinctis, seriatim
ornatA ; spiraliter eostatd, concefntricc peroblique
striata ; spirit productd, acuminntd ; apcrtimj sub-
orhiculari.

The marked Stomatella. Shell suborbioular, de-
pressed, pale pink, ornamenterl with distinct purple

spots in rows ; spirally ribbed, concentrically very
obliquely striated ; spire produced, acuminated :
aperture suborbicular.

A. Adams (Stomatia). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. Philippines.

It may be doubtful whether the varieties (figs, b and c)
really belong to this species.

Siomatdla FLIU.

#

iF'

S T 0 M A T E L L A.

Plate III.

Species 13. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Stom.\tella cancellata. Sto. testa suhorbiculari,
convexd, umhilicatd, suhcinered, fasciis fumoso-
fuscis, irregidarihus, undatis, concentnce picta ;
costellis spii-alibus obtusis, incequalibus, striisqiic
concent ricis cancellatd ; spird prominent i, apice
acuta ; aperturd subrotunda, margt'ne columellari
pau/o rejli'xo, medio rectiiisculo ; umhilico casta
spirali marginato.

The cancellated Stom.\tella. Shell suborbicular,
convex, umbilicatod, rather ashy, concentrically
painted with irregular, undulated, smoky brown
bands ; cancellated with spiral, obtuse, unequal
ribs and concentric strite ; spire prominent, apex
sharp ; aperture rather round, columellar margin a
little reflected, rather straight in the middle ; um-
bilicus bordered with a spiral rib.

Krauss. Siidafrikan Mollusken.

Hah. Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

Species U. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella An.UiiCA. Sto. testd suhorbiculari, nm-
bilicatd, acuminata, albidd, flammulis vel maculis
rubris picta ; spird producta ; anfraclibus costellis
paucis validis, striisque interstitialibus iiratis ;
regione umbilicati impresso ; labio interno rejlexo,
tenui.

The Auabian Stomatella. Shell suborbicular, um-
bilicated, acuminated, white, painted with red
flames or spots ; spire produced ; whorls ridged
with few strong ribs, and interstitial stria; ; um-
bilical area impressed ; inner lip reflected, thin.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Stom.
Sp. 13, figs. 27, 28.

Hab. Red Sea.

Species 15. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Stosiatella splendidula. Sto. testd imperforatd, s«J-

depressd, suhorbicidari, tenui, rubra, ad sutu

et infra medium Jlammulis rubris subconcentricis
pictd ; liris asperulatis inatqualihis et striis spira-
libus oi-natd; aperturd transverse ohlongd, halio-
toided.

The splendid Stom.\tella. Shell imperforate, rather
depressed, suborbicular, thin, red, painted at thu
suture and below the middle with red subcon-
centric flames ; ornamented with roughened, un-
equal spiral ribs and stria; ; aperture transversely
oblong, hallotis-shaped.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum,
Stom. Sp. 18 a, figs. 1.5, 16.

Hah. ?

The locality of this beautiful species is unknown.

Species IG. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella Baconl Sto. testd mborhicidari, sotidd,
imperforatd, spiraliter striata, pallide fulvd, fusco
fnsciatim variegatd ; spird acuminatd, anfracfibus
rotundis, aperturd oblique ovatd.

Bacon's Stomatella. Shell suborbicular, solid, im-
perforate, spirally striated, pale fulvous, varied
with brown in bands; spire acuminated, whorls
rounded, aperture obliquely ovate.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Stom.
Sp. 10, figs. 25, 26.

Ilab. Swan River.

Species 17. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella marcaritana. Sto. testd suhorbiculari,
rvhrd, coslis suhnodosis, rotundis, incequalibus
liratd, spird elevatd, acuminatd; anfracfibus ro-
tundis, distinctis; aperturd subrotunda; nmbilico
callo ohtecto.

The MARGARITA Stomatella. Shell suborbicular, red,
ridged with rather nodose, rounded, unequal ribs,
spire elevated, acuminated ; whorls rounded.

April, 1871

STOMATELLA.— Plate HI.

distinct ; aperture nearly round ; umbilicus covered

by a callus.
A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.
Hob. Australia.

The name refers to a resemblance in form between
this little shell and those of the genus Margarita.

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella tigrina. Sto. testd subtrochiformi, pcr-
Joratd, alhidd, lineis i-ubris, oblique subconcentricis
strigatd ; spirA conicd, anfractibus angulatis, bi-
carinatis, inter carinas spiraliter striatis ; aperturd
suborbiculari, labia interno rejlexo, calloso ; um-
bilico distincto, partim obtecto.

The little tiger Stoiiatella. Shell somewhat
trochiform, perforated, whitish, striped with red,
obliqiiely concentric lines ; spire conical, whorls

angular, bicarinated, spirally striated between the
keels ; aperture suborbicular, inner lip reflected,
callous ; umbilicus distinct, partly covered.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISuO.

Hab. ?

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella pallida. Sto. testd suborbicvlari, albidd,
lineis undulatis pallide fulvis ornatd ; spiraliter
costellis inwqualibus liratd ; spird elevatd, acumi-
natd, anfractibus angulatis ; labia interno calloso.

The pale Stomatella. Shell suborbicular, whitish,
ornamented with pale fulvous undulating lines ;
spirally ridged with unequal ribs; spire elevated,
acuminated, whorls angular; inner lip callous.

A. Adams (Stomatia). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. Lord Hood's Island.

A much more elevated shell than Stomatella tigrina.

StoiiuUeUa Fl.fV.

#

^> ^

S T 0 M A T E L L A,

Fig. 8 b is a variety of StomaUUa Candida, in whicl
some faint flames of colour are visible.

^liccies 20. (Mus. Brit.)

St().matei,i,.\ scnTL.\. Slo. testa parv/i, depressA, halio-
toidilA, palUdissimii rosed, rnbm pnnctatd, custcllis
numetvsis livatd ; aperturd magna, labii iuterno
alio, acuta, oblique arcuato.

TiiK TP.iM Sto.m.\t£LLA. Shell small, depressed, lialiotis-
shaped, very pale rose, spotted with red ; ridged
with numerous ribs ; aperture large, inner lip
white, sharp, obliijuely arched.

H. Ad.^ms. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872.

Eab. Eed Sea.

Species 21. (Mus. Brit.)

Sro.M.\TELLA Biruuc.A.T.\. Sto. tcstd trocliiformi, ruhrd,

bicarinatd ; spird devatd, anfractibus miffulatis ;

aperturd stdiquadrald ; labia externa biungulato ;

umbilico callo obtecto.
The two-hidged Stomatei.i.a. Shell trochiform, red,

two-keeled ; spire elevated, wliorls angular ;

aperture subquadrate ; outer lip biaiigular ;

umbilicus closed by a caUus.
A. Ada.ms. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISJO.
JIab. Australia.

Although, as to the keels, this shell would appear
rather to belong to the genus Stomatia, it belongs to the
present genus on account of the crenulated edge of the
whorls at the suture.

bpecii

(Mus. Brit.)

Stomatf.lla ap.ticulata. iSto. tesid mborbiculari,
depressd convexd, imper/aratd, tenuiiisculd, grised ;
costellis spiralibus nigra artieulatis, interslitiis can-

ccntrice liris elevatis ornatis : spird prominnld ;

anfractibus convexis, ultima magna, ohliquo.
The articulated Sto.matella. Shell suborbicul.ar,

depressed, convex, imperforate, rather thin, grey ;

spiral ribs articulated with black ; interstices

concentrically ornamented with raised ridges ;

spire prominent; whorls convex, the last large,

oblique,
A. Adams." Proc. Zool. Soc, 1800.
llah. Australia.

Differing slightly in form from Slamatella imbricata,
but much more in the sculpture. The interstices of
tlie articulated ribs arc in a nuinner cancellated by very
fine ridges in the other direction.

Species 23. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Sto.matella oebiculata. Sto. iestd svharbiculatd, sub-
depressd, subvii'idi, fusco variegatd, costellis ra-
tundis iruvqualibus confertis liratd ; spird pra-
nxinenti, anjractibns rotundis; apierturd subcirculari.

The oheicular Stom.wella. Shell nearly round,
rather depressed, greenish, variegated with brown ;
ridged with rounded imequal ribs; spire promi-
nent, whorls rounded ; aperture subcircular.

A. Ad.ims. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISJO.

Ilab. Mozambiipie.

Collected by the Pvev. W. N. Ileunah, under stones at
low water.

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.)

Stom.vtella Malukana. Sla. testa subarbiculari, in-
flatd, imper/oratd, concentrici' striatd, costellis spira-
libus subratundis, incBquaiibus liratd, fumaso-fuscd,
strigis irregularibus variegatd ; spird p)rominuld ;
aperturd subovatd.

TuE Moluccas Stomatella. Shell suborbicular,
inflated, imperforated, concentrically striated.

April, 187-1.

STOMATELLA.— Plate IV.

ridged with spiral, roundish, unequal ribs; smoky
brown, varied with irregular stripes ; spire rather
prominent; aperture subovate.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hah. Moluccas.

Species 25. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.)

Stomatella EiCAniNATA. Sto. testd trochifmini, per-
forata, tenuiusculd, pallide fulvd, strigis irregu-
laribus, suhconcentiicis, viridis pictd ; spird pro-
minulil, ultimo anfractu distanter bicarinato ;
apertiira suhqiiadratd ; Idbio inferno termi ; umhilico
jHirvn.

The Two-KEELEii Stomatella. Shell trochiform,
perforated, rather thin, pule fulvous, painted with
irregular partly concentric green stripes ; spire a
little prominent ; last whorl distantly two-keeled ;
aperture rather square ; inner lip thin ; umbilicus
small.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchy liorum, Sto-
matella, Sp. -21, f 39, 40.

Hal. Moreton Bay, Australia.

Resembling the StomaticB, yet differing frc
in the same way as Stomatella hiporcata.

Species 2G. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella coccinea. Sto. testa parvd, oblique sub-
ovatd, Icevigatd, rubra, maculis albis seriatim in
medio anfractus ultimi dispositis ornatd ; anfractu
ultimo tenuiter sulcata, subangulato ; aperturd
oblique lateraliter prodvcio, labia inferno albo, lato,
semiperforato.

The cochineal Sto.matella. Shell small, obliquely
subovate, smooth, red, ornamented with a row of
white spots in the middle of the last whorl ; last
whorl finely sulcated, rather angular; aperture
obliquely laterally produced ; inner lip white,
broad, half perforated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hah. St. John's.

The body-whorl
obscure ribs.

obtusely angulated by two

Siomaldla PI V

Vincenl BruoksDayc^ Son.Imp

STOMATELLA,

Species 27. (Fig. a, h, Mas. Urit.)

Stomatklla elegans. ISto. testa oblique elonffatd, nvri-
fonni, suhciiiered, pwyureo-fusrescenti variegatd ,-
cuslis spiralibus, tenuibus, pKr/iimu niiinilatia
omatd ; aperturd elongatd, labio in!, nm /n n>hli(pui,
valde arcualo ; spird parvd, anfravlilnia mlii'iuHs.

The elegant Stomatella. Shell obliquely elongated,
ear-sliaped, rather ashy, variegated with brownish-
purple; ornamented with spiral thin ribs articu-
lated with purple; aperture elongated, inner lip
very oblique, niucli arched ; spire small, whorls
rounded.

Gi:ay. ? .M.S. in I'.ril. Mus.

Ilab. ?

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatei-i.a ei.ata. Sto. testa trucliifin-mi, sub<iNi/iilatii,
alb'i, 7iutculis guadratis riibri.^ pictd, vd.ttis (/iiabKs
principatibiis et aliis minoiibus riil/ro (irtiriilati.-'
omatd ; spird e/evatd, aii/ractibus exsiTlia, biaii'/n-
latis, ad suturvm rubra arliculatis.

The elevated Stomatella. Shell trochiform, rather
angular, white, painted with squarish red spots,
ornamented with two principal, and other smaller
red articulated ribs ; spire elevated ; whorls ex-
serted, biangular, artieuhited at the suture with
red.

II. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, lbO.3, p. 433.

llab. ?

' ril).s of various sis
spots.

All

neatly articulated

Species 29. (Mus. Brit. )
Stomatella sei.ecta. Stu. testa stiboi-biciilari, deprefsd,
liTviijatd, ftibt'iridi variegatd ; costis fusro arlicu-
latis ; spird elaid, aivjustd, acuminatd ; ultimo
an/ractu laio, suhumhilicato, liorizontali, medio et
fiuprd, biatujidato et costato ; aperturd ovitd,

The choice Stomatella. Shell suborbicular, de-
pressed, smooth, variegated \vith greenish ; ribs
articulated with brown ; spire elevated, narrow,
acuminated; last whorl broad, slightly umbili-
cated, horizontal, biangular and ribbed in the
middle and above ; aperture ovate, depressed.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Sue, 18G3, p. 433.

/lab. ->

Species 3(). (Mus. Brit.)

Stosiatella dilecta. Sto. testa troc/iiformi, subrosed,
niarulis nibris seriatim pictd ; spird pi-ominenti .
anfriirtibics s^ibrotuniiis ; idtimo an/ractu biangu-
lat'i, ail tingutos costix V(didis ciiicta ; iiiferslitiis
striati.--.

The esteemed Stomatella. Shell trocliiform, rather
rosy, painted with red spots in rows ; spire promi-
nent, whorls roundish ; hi'^t whorl biangular, belted
with strong ribs at the angles ; interstices striated.

II. Adams. ?

Resembling Stomatella modesla in the markings, but
ore trochiform.

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella clathratcla. Sto. testa subglobosd, vel
trocbiformi, altd, albidd, fusco-purpureo variegatd,
costis spiralibus Jusco-macvlatis, scabris ornatd ;
interstitiis profundi: concentrice liratis ; ultimo an-
fractu globosri, prope columellam costis duahus
majoribus instructo ; collumelld late reflexd.

The l.\tticed Stomatella. Shell rather globose, or
trochiform, high, whitish, varied with purplish-
brown, ornamented with brown spotted scabrous
spiral ribs ; interstices deeply concentrically ridged ;
last whnrl globose with two larger ribs fixed near
the columella ; columella broadly reflected.

A. Adams. ?

Ilab. ?

April, 1874.

STOMATELLA.— Plate V.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatella Cumingii. Stu. testa auriformi, obliqui
oblong o-ovatd, lutescenti, fusco-maculala, sjnraliter
costis devatis moniliformibns validis asperatd ;
aperturd oblique elongatd, labui externo crenato ;
labia interno valde arcuato.

Cuming's Stomatella. Shell auriform, obliquely ob-
long, ovate, yellowish, spotted with brown, spirally
roughened with elevated strong beaded ribs ;
aperture obliquely elongated, outer lip crenated,
inner lip strongly arched.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Plate
175, fig. 38.

Hab. ?

The locality of this handsome species is unknown.

Species 33. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Stomatella calliostoma. Sto. testd globosu-subdepressd,
tenui, rufescenti, fusco variegatd, costis tenuibus,
incequalibus, spiraliter liratd ; aperturd subovatd,
rubrd, colluinelld alba, valde obliqud.

The KED-MouTiiED Stomatella. Shell globose -sub de-
pressed, thin, reddish, variegated with brown,
spirally ridged with thin, unequal ribs ; aper-
ture rather uval, red, columella white, very
oblique.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Sto-
matella, Sp. 20, figs. 4], 42.

Jlab. Ceylon.

Species 34. (ilus. Brit.)

Stomatella modesta. Stu. testa parvd, ovatd, depressd,
pallide subrosed, nibro-maculatd, obscuri- viridi
nebulatd ; spiraliter costis parvis, rubra artirulntis
liratd.

The modest vStomatella. Shell small, ovate de-
j>ressed, pale rosy, spotted with red, clouded with
obscure green; spirally ridged with small red ar-
ticulated ribs.

II. Adams, ?

Hub. ?

An interesting, prettily spotted species.

S T 0 M A T E L L A.

Arabic-j, A. Adams III.

articukta, .1. .-I'/fOHS IV.

Baconi, A. Adams 111.

hicaxinata, A. Adams IV .

biporcata, .4. ^r/am.s 1\'.

caliiostoma, A. Adams V.

cancellala, /u-aus,s 111.

ca,ndidii, A. Ada7rts II.

clathratula, A. Adams . V.

coccinea, .i4. A dams 1 \'.

Cumingii, ^. ^(Ar»i,< \'.

decolorata, Gould. I'liiileiititicd.

AWeota, H. Adams V.

elaXa,, H. Adams V.

elegans, Gray V.

i'lilgurans, 4. ^4'/a;?w I.

haWotoi&ea,, Soverhy 1.

imhricaXu., Lamarck . II.

inflata, C. B. Adams. Unidentified.
ii-asata, Dut'o. Unidentified.

Japonica, A. Ada?ns I. 6

maculata, Qwoy I. 5

IVIalukana, /I. 4(^o»*s IV. 24

Margaritana, ^. ^(/ams 111. 17

minima, Dufo. Unidentified.

modesta, II. Adams V. ;i4

monilifera, .4. .4(/a)HA' 11. 7

notata, ^. ^rfctwjs II. 12

orh\cxda.ta, A. Adams IV. "J:!

pallida, /I. ^ftoKS 111. I'.t

papyracea, Che?nnitz 1. •>

sanguinea, .A. 4rf«?«.s 1. 2

scitula, //. ^(fom.s IV. 2(1

selecta, ^1. ^/fa»(s V. 29

R\>ei:u>s;i, A. Adams II. 9

splendidula, .4. .<4f/(n/?.f III. 15

svldkra, Lamarck II. II

tigrina, vl. ^4(/t««s III. IS

tuwida. Could I. 3

MONOGRAPH

OF THE CKNUS

S T 0 M A T 1 A.

•■ Frail, but a work divine.
With adicate spire and wliorl."'~-'r<>«";/.--

Stoiuatia PL I

Sower Bv iA etlill]

VmcMjl Biools Bay X Sa» Imp

S T 0 M A T I A.

Genus STOMATIA, Ildbling.

Testa haliotoidea, vcl subtrochiformis, medio anfractus

nllimi spiraliter hicarinata ; carinis tuhcrculatis.

Spira producta, anfractibiis ad S7itura7n rugato-

pUcatis. Opercidum nullum.
Sliell haliotis-shaped, or trochiform, spirally keeled in

the middle of the last whorl ; keels tubcrculated.

Spire produced, whorls wrinkled in plaits at the

suture. Oi)ereulum none.

The distinction between this genus and Stomatella is,
that the shells of Stomalia have two more or less
distinct tuberculated keels in the middle of the whorls
and arc crenulated at the suture. The habitats are as in
Stomatella, the majority being Philippine. The type,
Stomatia phymotis, is a Red Sea shell, and its nearest
ally, 5. Aiistralis, affects the locality which its name
implies, besides being found in the Philippines.

The gcmis 3Iicroth, consisting of but a single species,
is hardly worth separating, the dictinction being the
singular one of the inner margin of the aperture being
continued spirally and visible to the apex.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit., Nobis., &c.)

Stomatia Australis. Sto. testa obliqiu't, anjustd,
avreo-svbvmdi, vel pallide purpureo-rubescenti,
vel variegata, costellis acute nodtili/eris liratd ; i
spird parvd, elevatd, anfractibus duobus, j/an'is, i
bica7-inatis; ultimo aiifractu magno, ad sutii7-a?n j
valiile plicato, i/ifrd plicas excavato, turn 7node7-ate
gibboso, delude dcclivi, medio bicarinato, carinis j
subtlistant/hus, subcequalibiis, acute nodulusis : infra ]
cari/ias rttgobii.

The Australian Stomatia. Shell oblique, narrow,
greenish gold, or pale purplish-red, or variegated, ■
ridged with little noduliferous ribs; spire small,
elevated, whorls two, small, two-keeled : last !
whorl large, strongly plaited at the suture, ex- [

cavated below the plaits, then moderately gibbous,
thence sloped, bicarinate in the middle, keels
rather distant, nearly equal, sharply nodulous ;
wrinkled below the keel.

A. ADAM.S. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Ilab. Australia. Philippines.

Differing from Stomatia phimotis in the narrower
form, sharp tubercles, and equal central keels. In this
species we include all the shells figured as varieties of
St. pliy7/iotis in the Thesaurus. But fig. 51 (Thes.)
represents a very abnormal form.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit, and Nobis.)

Stomatia phymotis. Sto. testa valde obiiqud, crassd,
rugosd, rubro variegatA; ad suturam plicato-
rujatd, twn tumidd, tubercjdatd, 7nedio cariniis
duobus obtusis, tuberculatis ornato ; infrd tubercu-
lati7n costatd ; aperturd oblique subquadratd ; apice
elevato, exserto, acuta.

The tubercled Stomatia. Shell very oblique, thick,
rugose, variegated with red, plaited in wrinkles at
the suture, then tumid, tuberculated, ornamented
in the middle with two obtuse, tuberculated keels,
with tuberculated ribs below ; aperture obli(iuely
subquadrate ; apex elevated, exserted, sharp.

Hf.lbling.

Ilaliotis imperforata, Chenmitz.

Ilab. lied Sea. Gulf of Suez.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis. )

Stomatia obsccea. Sto. testa oblique subquadratd,
pallidissimi rubro variegata, tubercidis rotundatis
plicisque rugatd ; spird pa/Ta, exsertd ; ultimo
anjmctu ad suturam plicato excavato inter plicas
jiro/unde faveolato, tiim caiind iuberculatd elevatd
et ad //tedium caiind duplicatd pi-o//iine/iti cincto ;

April, 1874.

STOMATIA.— Plate I.

inter carinas excavato ; infra irregulariter tuher-
cidato.

The obscure Stomatia. Shell obliquely subquadrate,
varied with very pale red, wrinkled with rounded
tubercles and plaits; spire small, asserted; the
last whorl plaited and excavated at the suture;
deeply pitted between the plaits ; then belted with
an elevated tubercled keel, and at the middle with
a doubled prominent keel ; excavated between the
keels ; irregularly tubercled below.

Lamarck. Anini. sans Vert., sp. 2.

Hab. Suez.

This remarkable form may possibly only represent a
variation of St. phymotis, and its identification as
Lamarck's shell is by no means clear. It is admitted
here, however, as it is recognised in collections.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Stomatia tuberculata. Sto. testa auriformi, valdc
di'pressd, spiraliter striata, variegatd, ad suturam
validi plicatd ; stiprd et infra medium anfraciuum
bicarinatd ; carinis tuberculatis ; apertnrd magna,
labia columellari usque ad apiccm perspective
spiinli.

The toberculatei) Stomatia. Shell auriform, much
depressed, spirally striated, variegated, strongly
plaited at the suture ; two-keeled above and below
the middle of the whorls; keels tuberculated ;
aperture large, columellar lip perspectively
spiral as far as the apex.

A. Adams (Microtis). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Microtis tuberculata, H. and A. Adams.

Hab. Isl. Capul, Philippines.

SlruHiUa Fill

^^

VmcBiitEior.li;Diy.i-Sin..b

S T 0 M A T I A.

Species 5. (Mus. Adams.)

Stomatia variegata. Sto. testa oblique elevatd, solidd,
anijnstdjfusco-rubescenti, Jlammis variegntd; spird
elevatd, acuminatd, ultimo obsairissime bianjulaio ;
apertura perobliqud, magna, margine cra.tsiiiscuh.

The variegated Stomatia. Shell obli<iucly t'lcvatod,
solid, narrow, reddish-brown, varied with flames ;
spire raised, acuminated ; last whorl very obscurely
biangular ; aperture very obliiiue, largo, margin
rather tliick.

II. Adams (Stomatia). Proc. Zool. yoc, ISGS.

Ilab. Mauritius.

Although smooth, like a Gena, t
tlie form and (very obscurely) the
Stomatia.

;i(<s lias more
ral keels of a

Species G. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatia decussata. Sto. Wstd parvn, trochiformi,
striis conccntricis et costcl/is spira/ibiis dcrussatd,
pallida, JlammuHs riibris conccntricis ornald ; t^jiiiu
elevatd, anfractibus biangulatis.

The decussated Stomatia. Shell small, trochiform ;
decussated with concentric stria; and spiral riblets,
pale, ornamented with concentric red flames ; spire
elevated, whorls biangular.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. Island of Luzon, Philippines.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomatia acuminata. Sto. testa parvd, fused, caiurllatd,
siibtrochiforrni ; spird elevatd, apice acumintito :
ultimo anfractu depres-'to, ad snturam valdc jilicalo,
medio, siiprd. el infid, tricostato, casta mediani pro-
minenti, tuberculut,).

Tile acumi.vated SrojfATiA. Shell small, brown,
cancellated, rather trochiform ; spire elevated,

apes acuminated ; last whorl depressed, strongly

plaited at the suture, three-ribbed in the middle.

above and below ; middle rib prominent, tubercu-

lated.
A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.
ffab. Philippines.

Spec

(Fig. <!. b, Mus. Brit.)

Stom.\tia Ufl'.iiA. Sto. testa teiiiii, dcprcssd, suborbiai-
lutd, rubra, alba maculatd, medio et supern'e bicari-
natd : carinis moniliformibus ; aperturd subovntd,
coliimelld angiistc refiexo, ared post columillari
albd.

The red Stomatia. Shell thin, depressed, suborbicular,
red, white spotted, two keeled in the middle and
above ; keels beaded ; aperture subovate, columella
narrowly reflected, area behind the columella
white.

Lamarck (Stomatella). Anim. sans Vert. sp. 2.

Hub. Philippine Islands. Korea.

One of the finest examples of the more orbicular
form among the Stomatia;.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.;

Stoma

ATA. Sto. tcstd c
mined, fuxco variegata,
teniiibtts lirald, medio car
2>ari-is numerosis rugatd.
The eidged Stom.vfia. Shel
straw-coloured, varied wit
middle, ridged with tli

rbiculatd, depressd, stra-
costcltis subeequalibiis,
'iiatd, ad sutiiram plieis

I orbicular, depressed,
li brown, keeled in the
in, nearly equal ribs.

wrinkled with numerous small plaits at th<

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Sog^ 1850.
Hab. ?

April, 1874.

STOMATIA.— Plate II.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Stomati.'i -ango'lata. Sto. testa orbiculata, depressd,
pallida, seriatim maadis strigisque fuscis subviridis
vai-iegatd, minute deaissati'i, ad suturam plicatd ;
prope suturam plamilatd, viedin et mpra bicostatd.
itifrd liratd.

The angular Stomatia. Shell orbicular, depressed,
pale, variegated with greenish-brown spots and
stripes ; plaited at the suture, flattened near the
suture, two ribbed in the middle and above ;
ridged below.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. See, 1850.

[[ah. Isl. Luzon, Philippines.

Species 11. (Fig. a, J, Mus. Brit.)
1TUJL\TL\ DurncATA. Sto. tcstd subauricuUfonai,
variegata, elevatd, undulatim spiraliter striald,
spird majusvuld, anfractibiis hiangulatif ; anfractn
ultimo medio bicostato, costis mmnliformibus, mid
iii/rd, altera stqn'd medium dispositis ; aperturd
mediocri, obliqud.
I'he double-ridged Stomatia. Shell subauricular,
variegated, raised, wavily spirally striated; spire

rather large, whorls biangular ; last whorl two-
ribbed, ribs beaded, one placed below, the other
above the middle ; aperture medium - sized,
oblique.

SowEKBT. Genera of Shells.

Hah. Isl. Mindinao, Philippines.

A very well distinguished species, in form between
the orbicular and the auricular, but inclining to the
latter.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis.)

Sto.matia depressa. Sto. parvd, orbiculari, depressd,
fulvo-rubescenti, sirigis fusco-rubris obliquis ornatd,
costellis moniliferis tenuihus liratd, supra medium
anjractuum costis acute tubeivulatis bicarinatd ;
aperturd subauriformi, mediocri.

The DEpr.EssED Stcmatia. Shell small, orbicular,

depressed, reddish-fawn, ornamented with oblique

stripes of red-brown, two-keeled above the middle

I of the whorls with sharply tuberculated ribs.

Aperture suliauriform, middle-sized.

I SOWEUBY.

I Ilab. ?

MONOGRAPH

OK THE GENUS

G E N A.

■Ittheiv's :i pouorali.iv,.- us,
(And that thfi-c is, all nature cries alouJ
Tlir.)u;,'li all h.-r works)."— .Idrf/sow.

Gma PI. 1.

WF

4

#

^

#%

w

"Vmccnl-BToolts DiyiScm Imp

G E N A.

Genus GEN A, Gray.

Testa auriformis, dcpreasa, ohliqua, Icengata aiit striata ;

spira j)arra, vix exscrta ; aperlura maxima, ovata.

intiis iiacr a. Operculum nullum.
Shell aurifonii, depressed, oblique, smooth or striated ;

spire small, scarcely exserted ; apertui'e very

large, ovate, pearly within. Operculum none.

Generally tlie Gknjj may be di.stingiiislied from the
other two Genera of StnmateUinci: by their flattened
form and smootli surface, although some of tlio smaller
species have a somewhat more orbicular form. The
animals live among stones or on coral reefs between
tides. A large proportion of the species are the results
of the late Mr. Cuming's researches in tlie Philippines.
Australia and some of the Pacilic Islands contribute a
few.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Gek.\ i.iNTiiicuLA. Gen. testa parvd, elongate, plniiu-
latd, spiralilcr siriald, pallidissime fulfil, ruhro
variegatd ; spird minutd ; ultimo anfractu .^uprd
medium depresso, attenuato.

The little-bo.'^t Gena. Siiell small, elongated,
flattened, .si)irally striated, very pale fulvous.

variegated with

minute ; last whorl

depressed above the middle, attenuated.
A. Ad.\.ms. Proc. Zool. Hoc, 1850.
Hab. Isl. Mindoro, Philippines.

Mc

agated and narrow than any other species.

The YiaLOW Ge,\.\. Shell yellowish, variegated with
red or brown, smooth, obliquely oblong, posteriorly
scarcely depressed ; spire small, almost flat.

LiNN^L's (Patella). Systema Nature.

Stomatella avricula. La
Hah. Eastern Seas.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Gena li^'tea. Gen. testa luted, ruhro vel fiisco varie-
gatd, laevigatd, oblique ublongd, poslicc vix depressa ;
spird minutd, fere planulatd.

Aprif

±.

Spe

?,. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Nobis.)

Gena planitlata. Gen. testa oblongd, conve.co-planu-
latd, tenuiter striata, virescenti, sti-ii/is subriridis vel
fasciis articulalisfuscis nilmlisque varinjatd ; spird
minima, lateraliter decumlunti ; tuhio columellari
alho, lain, versus suturam sudcalloso.

The ei.attenei) Gena. Shell oblong, convex-flattened,
finely striated, greenish, variegated with greenish
stripes or brown articulated bands and clouds :
spire very small, laterally decumbent ; columellar
lip white, broad, rather callous toward the suture.

Lamarck (Stomatella). Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Vert.

J fab. Isl. Caminguing, Philippines.

Species 4. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Gexa stiuatula. Gen. testd haliotoided, spirediter
striatd, oblique oblougd, subinflatd, flammulis slri-
gisque rubris vel subriridis varieyatd; spird exsertd ;
ultimo anfractu dorso prope suturam depresso, stib-
excavato, titm subgibboso, deinde subdepresso, ad
medium obliqve inflato ; aperturd elongatd, labia
externa fltxuo so supra medium.

The stimated Gena. Shell haliotis-shaped, spirally
striated, obliquely oblong, rather inflated, varie-
gated with red or greenish stripes and flames;
spire e.xserted ; last whorl depressed at the back,
sbghtly excavated near the suture, then somewhat
gibbous, theuce depressed, obliquely inflated at

1S74.

GENA.— Plate I.

tlie middle ; aperture elongated, outer lip flexuous

above the middle.
A. Adams. Proc. Zool. See, 1850.
Ilab. Isl. Mindoro, Philippines.

Species 5. (Fig. «, 6, Mus. Brit.)

Gkna concinna. Gen. tcsld parvd, inflatd, subobliqud,
albidd, rubra variegatd ; spird productd, acumi-
natd ; ultimo mifractu obliquo, superne declivi ;
aperturd mediocri, intus variegatd.

The neat Gena. Shell small, inflated, rather oblique,
whitish, varied with red ; spire produced, acu-
minated ; last whorl oblique, sloped above ;
aperture medium-sized, variegated within.

Gould (Stomatia). Shells of American Expedition.

Hab. Sandy Island.

This little species has the form which more usually

characterizes the StomaticT.

Species 6. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Gena lineata. Gen. testd parvd, inflatd, suborbictilari,
subrosed, lineis rubris obliquis ornalA ; spird
parvd, acuminatA ; aperturd subrotundd ; lahio
columellari albd, latd, planulatd.

The lineated Gena. Shell small, inflated, suborbicular,
pinky, ornamented with red, oblique lines; spire
small, acuminated ; aperture rather rounded,
columellar lip white, broad, flattened.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. ?

This pretty little shell was in the Cumingiaii collec-
tion, but its locality was unknown.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)

Gena plumbea. Gen. testd auriformi, latd, plumbed,
minutissime decussatd, medio et infra inflatd, suprd
medium depressd, ad suturam subgi,bosd; aperturd
oblongd, labio externa sinitato.

The lead-coloured Gena. Shell ear-shaped, broad,
lead-coloured, very minutely decussated, inflated
in the middle and under, depressed above the
middle, a little gibbous at the suture; aperture
oblong, outer lip sinuous.

A. Adam.s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. Java.

The dull leaden colour of this shell gives it a pecul'ar
appearance ; and the minute crossing striae form a
character worth noting.

Gaui Pi. II.

#

0 ^

\5iiGCJil Be ooks Day i Son inp

GEN A.

Plate II.

Gena

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
rARiA. Gen. testa pan-d, varicgatd, Imvigatd,

ohllqitd, postice suhangusiatd, antk'c suhcxpansd ;
spiid paulo essertd, aaiminatd, lahio eoliniicllari,
albo, valde arcuato.

The various Gena. Shell small, variegated, smooth,
oblique, posteriorly rather narrowed, anteriorly
slightly expanded ; spire a little exscrted, acu-
minated, culumellar lip white, much arched.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1S50.

Hab. Isl. Mindoro, Philippines.

Nearly resembling Gena lutea, but broader and not
so much depressed on the upper part of the last whorl.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)

Gena ornata. Gen. testd solicld, orbiculatd, fusco-
rubrd, lineis nigris, albo articulatis spiralibus
omatd ; ultimo anfractu dorso rotunda ; spird
parvd, acuminatd, rubra ; aperturd medivcri,
fulvd.

The ornate Gena. Shell solid, orbicular, red-brown,
ornamented with black spiral lines articulated
with white ; last whorl rounded at the back ; spire
small, acuminated, red ; aperture medium-sized,
fulvous.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. Isl. Ticao, Philippines.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Gena caliginosa. Gen. testd obliqxid, elevatd, Iceris-
simd, nigra ; spird elevatd, acuminatd ; aperturd
oblique ovatd ; lahio columdlari eilbo, lenti arcuato.

The dark Gena. Shell oblique, elevated, very smooth,
black ; spire elevated, acuminated ; aperture
obliquely ovate ; columellar lip white, gently
arched.

it A. Adams.

Species 11. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Gena nigra. Gen. testd oblique auriformi, elongato-
ovati, convexd, Iceri, nigrd vel vaiiegatd, intiis
violaceo-nacred ; .yjird m iniitd, fere terminali ;
aperturd ovatd.

The black Gena. Shell obliquely auriform, elongated-
oval, convex, smooth, black or variegated, purplish-
pearly within, spire very small, nearly terminal,
aperture ovate.

Qdov. Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, t. 17, figs. 154, 155.

Hab. Tonga-Tabou, Sandwich Islands.

Sr

es 12. (Mus. Brit.)

Gena strigosa. Gen. testd oblique ovatd, convexd,
variegatd et spiraliter strigatd, minute fasciculatim
striatd ; aperturd oblongd, ovatd ; labio externa vix
sinuato ; spird subplanulatd.

The striped Gena. ^hell obliquely ovate, convex,
variegated and spirally striped, with minute
strisB in bundles ; aperture oblong, ovate ; outer
lip scarcely sinuated; spire partly flattened.

A. Ai>ams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Ilah. I

More uniformly convex than Gena striatula, with
the stris inclining to run in groups, and with faint
stripes traceable through the clouding and marking of
the colours.

April, 1874.

GKNA.— Plate H.

Species 13. (Mus. Cuming.)

Gena nebulosa. Ocn. testA parvd, breviter auriformi,
eonvexd, pallide luted, Jlammulis undulatis varie-
gata ; columdld calk) crasso rinamumhilicatam
obtegenti.

The clouded Gena. Shell small, shortly auriform,
convex, pale yellow, varied with undulated flames;
columella with a thick callus covering the um-
bilical border.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

llab. Australia.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Gena dilecta. Gen. testd parvd, angustd, pkimdatd,
pallide purpurea variegatd ; ultimo anjractu ad
marginem apcrtura: angustissimo.

The favoured Gena. Shell small, narrow, flattened,
variegated with pale purple ; last whorl very
narrow at the margin of the apert\ire.

Gould. ?

Hab. ?

Species 15. (Mus. (ohm.) Metcalfe.)

Gena pulchella. Gen. testd parvd, ovali, albd, rufo
maculatd, eonvexd, spiraliter striatd; spird pro-
rainuld ; aperturd magna, ovali, inius iridescenti.

The prettt Gena. Shell small, oval, white, red-
spotted, convex, spirally striated ; spire rather
prominent ; aperture large, ov;d, iridescent within.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Species 16. (Mus. Nobis.)

Gena aspekulata. Gen. testd haliotoided, oblique
ovatd, liris spiralibus et striis concentricis decus-
satd, fused, medio alio unifasciaid ; apicc pro-
minulo.

TuE RASPED Gena. SheU haliotis-shaped, obliquely
ovate, decussated with spiral ridges and concentric
.stria:, brown, with a single white band in the
m-.ddle ; apex rather prominent.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. . ?

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

S 0 L E N.

' To sit on rocks, to must- o'er riood and fell.

* • * 'tis but to hold

Converse with Nature's charms, and see her stores unrolled."— B;/''

Soh'ii I'l.l

'^\vj:.\\'- ikonks Day K- Son, Imp

S 0 L E N.

Plate I.

Genus SOLEN, Liiinceiis.

Testa CBquivalvis, transverse clongata, recta, vel lente
arcuata, utrinqui plus tninusve tnmcata, hians,
umhonihus terminalibits. Cardo elongatus, dentibus
uno et diiohus principalibus. Ligamenium externum.
Impressio nvuscularis antica elongata. Impressio
pallii ad terminum quadralim simiata.

Shell equivalve, transversely elongated, straight, or
slightly arched, more or less truncated, gaping,
with terminal umbones. Hinge elongated, with
one and two principal teeth. Ligament external.
Anterior muscular imi)ression elongated. Palleal
impression with a square sinus.

There would seem to be no sullicient reason to
separate generically the straight from the curved razor-
shells. United, they form a capital genus, distinguished
from others of the family by having terminal beaks. The
shell is also divided into two more or less distinct areas
by a diagonal line from the apex at the anterior to the
posterior lower corner of the truncated [uisterior
extremity.

The habits of the Solens are peculiar. They furm
deep burrows in the sand, into and out of which they
spring with amazing rajiidity by a sudden contraction
and expansion of the foot. They can also leap forward
with great power. They are found in most tem-
perate and tropical countries, but no country possesses
many species. On the coasts of Britain we have
several well-kno\vn species ; Mr. Cuming found several
in the Philippines, but most of them are scattered singly
in almost as many countries as species.

j truncated obliquely and sharply at the anterior

j end, with the antero-ventral angle acute.

SowERBT. Genera of Shells.

Ceylonensis, Dunker.

Hub. Ceylon.

Solcn irunccilus, including the varieties, forms a very
good and easily recognisable sjiocies.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN TiiUNCATDS. Sol. testo. laid, rectd, suhcompressd,
fasciis purpureis strigatd, ad terminuiu jwsticum
late et perpendiculariter truncatd ; ad terminum
anticum oblique et acute truncatd, angulo antico-
ventrali acuta.

The truncated Solen. Shell broad, straight, sub-
compressed, striped with purple bands, truncated
broadly and perpendicularly at the posterior enil ;

Species 2. (Mus. Soworby.)

Solen \-agixa. Sol. testa rertiusculd, elongatd, sub-
depressd, versus umbones subrosed, antice suboblique
pautd arcuald, postici; suboblique truncatd ; margine
ventrali vi.i- coarctalo ; margine dorsali medio paidb
elerato.

The sueath Solkn. Shell rather straight, elongated,
subdepressod, rather pink towards the umbones,
anteriorly subobliquely truncated ; ventral margin
scarcely contracted ; dorsal margin a little raised in
the middle.

LiNNJEUs. Systenia Naturte.

Ilab. Great Britain.

A well-known .species, tlie largest of the true Solens.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit)

Solen ensis. Sol. testa angustiiiscnld, arcuatd, de-
pressd, subtus epidermide pallide rosed vel grised
strigatd, ad terminum anticum subrotundd, ad
terminum posticnm recti: truncatd ; margine dorsali
arcuatim excavato ; margine ventrali arcuatim con-
vexd.

The sword Solen. Shell very narrow, curved,
depressed, striped with pale rose or grey beneath
the epidermis, sti-aightly truncated at the posterior
end ; a little rounded at the anterior end ; dorsal
margin sloped out in a curve; ventral margin
convex in an arch.

LiNNiEOS. Systema Naturae.

Siliqua ensis. Schumacher.

Hab. Great Britain.

August, 1874.

SvlmFLII.

\

■~\

S 0 L E N.

Species 3. (Fig. b, Miis. Nobis.)

It is thouglit desirable to present this common
variety of Solen ensis, because Mr. Dunker seems to
have given the name Solen anuma to specimens in the
British Museum from Aru Island, which can in no way
be distinguished from the British forms.

Species 4. (Mus. Nobis.)

Solen marginatus. Sol. testd angrustiusculd, convexd,
fulvd ; qndermide tenui; margine dursali recto ;
area dorsali lineari, inconspicud ; wed itmhonali
lata, subnigosd; margine ventrali medio vix e.c-
cavato ; margine postico rt'Ctiitsculo ; margine ant ico
obli(juo, elevate, unicoslato, post costaiu caiuili
profunda constricto.

The lioiiUKKED Solen. Sliell rather narrow, convex,
fulvous ; epidermis thin ; dorsal margin straight,
dorsal area linear, inconspicuous ; uuibonal area
broad, rather rough ; ventral margin very slightly
excavated in the middle ; anterior margin obliijue,
raised, single-ribbed, constricted behind the rib by
a deep canal.

PULTENV.

Solen vagina, Pennant, non LinnKus.
Hab. Britain.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen grandis. Sol. testd lata, subco/npressd, pur-
purea strigatd, antice subattenuatd ; margine dorsali
rectiusculo, ared latiusculd ; margine ventrali ante

medium paulu angustato, margine postico angusto,
sulirotundatim quadrato ; margine antico simplici,
valde obl/quo, ad marginem ventraleni oblique aeu-
minato.

The large Solen. Shell broad, subcompressed, striped
with purple, anteriorly rather attenuated ; dorsal
margin rather straight, area rather broad ; ventral
margin a little narrowed before the middle,
posterior margin narrow, rather rotindly square ;
anterior margin simple, very oblique, obliquely
acuminated at the ventral margin.

Dunker. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Hab. Philippines.

Broader in proportion than Solen Imncatus ; rather

narrowed towards the posterior end, and the anterior

margin more oblique.

Species G. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen brevls. Sol. testd reciiiisculd, 2>ostice subcom-
planatd et attenuatd, purpurea strigatd ; margine
dorsali postic^ subdeclivi ; margine postico angusto,
rotunda ; margine antico abrupte truncato.

The short Solen. Shell rather straight, posteriorly a
little flattened and tapering, striped with purple ;
dorsal margin posteriorly sloped ; posterior margin
narrow, rounded ; anterior margin abruptly trun-
cated.

Gray, in Brit. Mus.

ILib. American Seas.

Differing from Solen tnincatus in being sloped or

tapering towards the posterior end.

April, 1874.

Solm P! III.

iXi

VbcenL Brooks l)jy&SoD-,lnip

S 0 L E N.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLF.N ROSTUUM-ANATis. Sol. tcstA brcvi, puulo arcuaU't
siihius epidermidem pnrpnrev-Jasciatd, intil.i et ad
umbones roseo-purpured ; posticc mbattenuald et
planulald, margine ventrali medio convexiitsculo,
margine aniico devato, valde obliquo. Epidermide
nitenti, aureo-subviridi.

The duck S bill Solen. Shell short, a little curved,
purple-banded under the epidermis, pinky purple
at the umboes and within ; rather tapering and
flattened posteriorly ; ventral margin rather convex,
anterior margin raised, very obliijue. l';]iideruiis
shining, greenish-gold.

DuNKKK. Proc. Zool. 8i)c., l.SGl.

llab. ?

Species 8. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen Delf.sskuti. Sol. tcstA brcri, redd, utrinqui
truncatd, tenuiter omnino rugatd, palUdd ; margine
antico elevato, canali profundo constrictn.

Deles.sei!t'.s Solen. Shell short, straight, truncated at
both ends, finely wrinkled all over, j)ale ; anterior
margin elevated, con.strieted with a deep canal.

CuKNU. Illustrations Conchyliologiques.

IJab. ?

This curious little Solen is wrinkled finely all over,

and has a very strong stricture close to tlie anterior

margin.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)
Solen vttreus. Sol. parva, pallidd, tenui, pellucidd,

rectiiisctcld, margine postico truncato ; margine

antico obliquo, ad marginem ventralcm acclioi.
The glassy Solkn'. Shell small, pule, thin, pellucid,

rather strai;;ht ; posterior iiKirgln truncated;

anterior m;iigin oblique, sloped upwards at the

ventral margin.
DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.
Ilab. Malacca.

This pretty little shell is so thin and transparent that
the complicated system of muscle and mantle-marks is
seen on the outer surface.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen Si.oanil Sol. testa recta, angustd, ulrinquc
truncatd, strigis niaculisqiie purpureis omnino varie-
gald ; margine. dorsali recto, area angustissimd ;
margine ventrali rectiiisculo, prope tenninvm anti-
cinn conlrneto ,• margine antico redo, canali cim-

Sloane's SoLi'.N. Slipll .straiglit, narrow, truncated at
each end, varied in every part with purple stripes
and splits; dorsal margin straight, area very
narrow ; ventral margin rather straight, oontraeted
near the anterior end ; anterior margin straight,
contracted witli a groove.

Gray.

Solen rersirolor, I'hilippi.

J/ab. .'

A prettily varied shell.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen Jonesii. Sol. te.-td brevi, rectiitsculA, snbtu!!
epidermidem fuleo-grisescente, ad umbonem purpnreo
tinctd, post marginem purpureo uniradiatd ; mar-
gine antico incrassato, tilni dejiresso ; area umbonali
latd, area dorsali lineari ; margine ventrali prope
marginem anticum acclivi.

Jones's Solen. Shell short, rather straight, under the
epidermis brovvnisli-grey, tinted at the umbo witli
purple, witli a ray of jiurple behind the margin ;
anterior margin thickened, then depressed ; iim-
bonal area broad, dorsal area linear, ventral
margin sloped upwards near the anterior margin.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Hah. I

April, 1874.

SOLEN.— Plate III.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN SCALPUUM. Sol. tcsld palluld, compressd,
vlrinqne pavlo arcuaid; cpiclermide teimi, pallida,
ad marginem inferiorem arecB umhotialis rugato ;
margine dorsali paulb arcuato ; margine ventrali
prnpe terminos arcuato, medio vix excavato.

The .scalpel Solen. Shell pale, compressed, a little
arched at each end ; epidermis thin, pale, wrinlded
at the lower margin of umbonal area ; dorsal mar-
gin a little curved ; ventral margin curved near
the ends, very slightly excavated in the middle.

King. Zool. Journal.

Snle7i Luzoninis, Dunker.

Hah. Sea-Bear Bay, Patagonia, King. — Philippines,
Cuming.

It, is quite impossible to discover any specific

difference between the Patagonian and Philippine
shells in the British Museum.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen Pbilippianus. Sol. testa angustatd, paulo
arcuatu. pallida, maculis pallidissimis fulvo-jmr-
pureis variegatd; margine ventrali utrinque paulo
acclivi ; margine dorsali medio arcuatim depresso ;
margine anlico obliquo, constricto.

Philippi's Solen. Shell narrow, a little curved, pale,
varied with very pale fulvous-purple ; ventral
margin a little sloped upwards at each end ; dorsal
margin depressed in a curve in the middle ;
anterior margin oblique, constricted.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Ifab. Australia.

'i«^V3-iii"

%

VmccniBlcc.V-.DK ISan.lmp

SOLE N.

Species 14. (Xlus. Brit.)

SoLEN sic.\i:ii-s. Sol. testd had, hreri. palliitd, pav/d
arciuitd, compressd; e/iideniiidi' strainiiieo ; marjine
dorsali depresso, wciiato, area angustd ; margine
pnstico subrotiindato ; margine aniiro derato,
obliquo, arciiato : margine ventrali jttrinr/ui' paii/ii
accliri.

The shokt-.swoiu) Soi.kn. Sliell broiul, short, pale, a
little curved, compressed ; epidermis sttaw-
coloured ; dor.sal margin depressed, curved, area
narrow; posterior margin rather rounded, anterior
side raised, oblique, curved ; ventral margin a
little sloped upwards at each end.

GoLLD. United States E.xpioring Expedition.

Hub. ?

Species 15. (Mus. Nobi.s.)

SoLEN GuiNEENSis. Sol. testd brevi, recto, lalo, ad um-
bonts radiaiim purpureo, ad aream tivibonalem
purpurea-. ''trigato ; margine poMiaj truncato, nclo ;
margine antico subohliqxil: truncato, constrictn.

The Guine.^ Solen. Shell short, straight, broad,
radiating with purple at the umboes, striped with
purple on the umbonal area; posterior margin
truncated, straight ; anterior margin rather
obliquely truncated, constricted.

Gray. Brit. Mus. Ilanley, Species of Shells.

Bab. Co. of Guinea.

tniliipie 7-ectis ; margine pntitico snprA infraejiic ■'^ub-

to/iiiidalo.
I^amauck's Solen. Shell short, pnrj>le, striped at the

posterior area, posteriorly a little tapering, a

single purple ray near the anterior margin ;

anterior mai'gin rather obliquely truncated; dorsal

and ventral margins straight ; posterior margin

a little rounded above and below.
CiiEMN. Illustrations (lonchyllologiques.
nab. Ceylon.

Species 17. (Mus. Brit )

Soles gi!.\cilis. Sol. testd elongatd, angusiatd, tenin
rertimctild, pallide fiilvd ; areis indistincti.': ; mar-
gine postico truncato, recto ; margine antico obUqni
truncato, simplici.

The slender Solen. Shell elongated, narrow, thin,
rather straiglit, pale fulvous ; areas indistinct ;
posterior margin truncated, straight; anterior
margin obliquely truncated, simple.

PuiLiPPi. Abbildungen.

IJab. Ilakodaki, Japan.

pecies 18. (Mus. Brit.)

Species IG. (Mus. Nobis.)

Solen Lamauckh. Sol. testd birri, purpurcd, ad aream
posticain strigatd, 2>osticc subattennatd, prope mar-
ginem antimm purpureo uniradiatd ; margine
antico suboblique truncato ; marginibus dorsali ven-

Apri!

Solen I!Ostrifoi:mis. Sol. tcitd angustd, comjirrssd,
pallide rosea strigatd ; postice siibattenuaid, ad
tenainum rotundatd ; margine antico elevato. xnb-
ohliquo.

TuE BEAK-SHAPED SoLEN. Shell uarrow, compressed,
striped with pale rose; posteriorly a little tapering,
rounded at the end ; anterior margia raised,
rather oblique.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18C1.

Hab. ^

More narrow and tapering than Solen rostrujii-anatif.
1874.

SOLEN.— Plate IV.

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN coRKEUs. Sol. testd angustd, recta, pallidd,
utrinque triincata ; prope umbones pallid'e purpurea
tinctd ,- epidermicle cornea, pallida.

The horny Solen. Shell narrow, straight, pale, trun-
cated at each end ; tinged with pale purple near
the umboes ; epidermis horny, pale.

L.^MARCK. Aniniaux sans Vertebras.

Hab. Java.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)
Solen IMalaccensis. i>ol. testd elongatd, angustd.

rotundd, rectiusaild, fumoso-fulvd, areis obliqvis
distinctis ; margine postico truncato, margine dar-
sali rectiuscula ; area darsali angiistd ; termino
antica truncato, paulo acclivi.

The Malacca Solen. Shell elongated, narrow,
rounded, rather straight, smoky-fulvous, oblique ;
areas distinct ; posterior margin truncated ; dorsal
margin rather straight ; dorsal area narrow ;
anterior margin truncated, a little sloped upwards.

DuNKEit. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

ITab. Malacca.

Sclut I'll'.

\ fC'^-' t..->AT^^-

%iceal Brouk Da,y 4 Sob .luif

S 0 L E N.

Species 21. (Fig. a, h, c, Mas. Brit.)
Soi.EX .\MBIGCUS. Sol. tesit'i solidd, pauld arniata, <tlti-
usculd, postice suhexpam'i : epidermidf crasso. iii-
jaio, fusco-m'ijrescenti, ultra manjincs extenso iiuhtUl,
mlate juniuri i-adiis fulvis propc manjinem latcs-
centibus pirtd ; umhonibus a termino snhdistanti-
hus ; margine cardinali crasso, arcualim vix de-
presso ; margine postico late truncato ; margine an-
tico incrassato, oblique truncato.
TiiE .\MUiGUOL-s Soi.KK. Shell solid, a little arclieJ,
rather deep, and posteriorly a little expanded ; epi-
dermis thick, v.-rinkled, covered with a blackish-
brown epidermis extending beyond the margins ;
in a young state painted with fulvous rays
becoming broad towards the margin ; uraboes
some distance from the end ; cardinal margin
tliifk, depressed, witli a very slight curve; pos-
ti'rior margin broadly truncated ; anterior margin
thick, oblic|uely truncated.
L.\M.\i:CK. Anini. sans Vert., Solcn, Sp. 7. j

Sole,, ,;,di.^, ('. 15. Adams. j

Sdlen (ibli,/ua, ?

Solen I'hilippinarum, Hanley.

Ilab. Panama. Philippines. ,

The tmibocs of this shell being placed at some
distance from the anterior termination, give it a j
character not strictly agreeing with the " Razor .shells," I
but loading towards the grouji rejirescnted by Solen j
cultelliis, which wc shall include in the present mono- j
graph. I

This is represented by a very young shell of doubtful
character in the British Museum, but the specimens
from which the present tiguro is taken present unmis-
takable characters.

I gust I.

Species 22. (Mus. Xobis. )
Sol. EN' LiXE.\r,ls. Sol. test,', 7-crtd, einngatd,

siuid, teuui, purpurea rubesccuti fasciai,, ,• tcruiitii-
bus trnncatis ; marginibus doisnli rcnti-aliijue
rectis ; ared dorsali lineari.
Tun LiXEAU SoLEX. Shell straight, elongated, very
narrow, thin, banded with reddish-purple ; ends
truncated ; dorsal and ventral margins straight :
dorsal area linear.
CnEMN-iTZ. Conch., voL xi. Ph 138, f. 19, f. 1, 2.

n„b. ?

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN VAGiNoiiiES. Sol. testil brcviilsculd, arcuatd,
utrin<jue truncatd, postice pauld expansd, anticu
(Wgustiiisadd, fasciis pallide rubris pictd ; epi-
dennide teiiui ; margine antico abi-njjte truncato.
aatto ; margiidbus dorsali ventraliipic arcuntis,
ared dorsali uiedio subexpanso.

The siieatu-like Solex. Shell rather short, curved
truncated at each end, a little e.xpanded posteriorly,
rather narrowed anteriorly, painted with red
bands ; epidermis thin ; anterior margin abruptly
truncated, sharp ; dorsal and ventral margins
arched, dorsal area a little expanded in the
middle.

Lamauck. Anini. sans V'ert., Solen, Sp. 3.

Hab. Van Diemen's Land.

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN Luzosicus. Sol. testd brevi, rectiusculd, fasciis
purpuras, ad areata medianum arcuatis, pictd, epi-
dermidc vivide fusco indutd; intus purpurea; ter-
mino antico oblique truncato, margine acclivi; ter-
mino postico subattenualo, pauld acclivi, margine
roiundo.

TuE LrzoN Solen-. Shell short, rather straight,
painted with purple bands, curved on the medial
area, covered with a bright brown epidermis,
purple within; anterior end obliquely truncated,
with margin sloped upwards ; posterior end
rather attenuated, a little sloped upwards, margin
rounded.

DrxKER. Proc. Zool. See, 18^1.

Hab. Isl. Luzon, Pliilippiucs.

More straight and iiairow than Solai rostriformis.

Sdin Fi VI.

S 0 L E N.

>peci

(ilus. Brit.)

Soi.KN viiiiDis. Sol. testa jiai-vd, pallid!- cnnici'i, liiiui,
paiilu arcuat't, poUice imbattenuata , miinjiiw mil/rn-
tuiulo, antici^ lutiitsculo, inartjine tenniiiali accltvi,
oblique truncato, siibrejle.ro ; margine dorindi recto :
inargine ventrali convexo.

The green Solkn. Shell small, pale horny, thin, a
little arched, posteriorly subattenuateJ, with
margin a little rounded, anteriorly ratlier broader,
with terminal margin sloped upwards, obliquely
truncated, subreflected ; dorsal margin straight ;
ventral margin convex.

Sav. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia.

Hdb. North America.

Species 2G. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN Pfeifferi. Sol. tcstd brevi, recta, purpureo fas-
ciatd, epidermide fusco, rtiyato indiita ; margine
dorsali rccli'dsculo ; areA amjitstissiviA ; margine
ventrali patilu ventricnsd ; margine postico ahrupte
truncato ; margine antico conve.iiiisculo, obliipio.

Pfeiffer's Solen. Shell short, straiglit, banded with
purple, covered with a brown wrinkled epidermis ;
dorsal margin rather straight ; area very narrow ;
ventral margin a little ventricose ; posterior
margin abrujitly truncated ; anterior margin
rather convex, oblique.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Hab. Bay of Caraccas.

Species 27. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN TiMOKENSis. Sol. tcstd rectd, latd, lincis Jo
ciisque jmrpurcis jiallidis picld; ant id obliq
truncatd, ad marginem ventralem acuminata; ar
dorsali angmlissimd; area mediand latd.

The Timor Solen. Sliell straight, broad, anterior!
painted with pale purple lines and bands ; ol

liqiU'Iy truncated in front, acuminated at the
ventral margin ; dorsal area very narrow, middle
area broad.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

JIah. Timor.

Differing from Solen tnincatus in the great obliquity
of the anterior terminal margin and its acuminated
ventral corner.

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen mach.\. SuL tc.-<td laagnd, subcompressd, rer-
tiiinculd, ad terminos acclivi, epidermide nitenti
fusco-subviridi uuhitd ; umhonibus retrorsis ; mar-
gine antico elevato, convexo, acclivi, vershs um-
boiics iiirliiKiln ; margine postico paulu acclivi,
subobliqui truncato.

The HAi'FV Solkn. Shell large, rather compressed,
rather straight, sloped at the ends, covered with a
shining greenish-brown epidermis ; umboes bent
backwards ; anterior margin, raised, convex,
sloped upwards, leaning towards the umboes;
posterior margin raised, rather obliquely trun-
cated.

Oken. ? MS. Mus. Brit.

Hab. ? Specimens in the Cumingian collection.

The shell is not straight as Solen siliqua, nor curved
as Solen ensis, but nearly straight except at the ends.
which are a little turned up.

Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)

Solen

Fonesii. Sol. tcstd brevi, rectiitsculd, corneo-
subviridi ; margiuibus dorsali ventralique vix
arcuatis ; margine postico obtuse truncato, pauld
convexo ; margine antico acuta, obliqui' truncato.
FoNE.s's Solen. Shell short, rather straight, greenish-
horny ; dorsal and ventral margins scarcely

1874.

arclicd ; posterior margin obtusely
little convex ; anterior margin sha
truncated.

DUNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18C1.

Hah. Isl, Zebu, Philippines.

runcaterl, a
I, obliquelj'

Species 30. (Mus

Brit.

SOLEN REOl

L.-^iiis. Sol. testa red

;,, hrcr

: paUidi' fulca

suhrlw

nboidei'i ; vmrginilms

rrnt

■all dorscdiqui

rectis ; terminis oblique truncalu, antico decliri,
postico acclivi.

The rule Solen. Shell straight, short, pjale fulvous,
rather rhomboirlal ; dorsal and ventral margins
straight ; ends obliquely truncated, anterior
sloped downward, posterior sloped upwards.

Di'NKER. Proc. Zool Soc, 1861,

H„b. Malacca.

The dorsal and ventral margins are straight, and the
ends obli((Ucly parallel.

Solm PI. VII.

imy^^

^^^^^^i-

7mcex,l Brooks n

SOLE N.

Plate VII.

Fig. 18 J (number erroneous), Mus. Brit.
SOLEN cousEUS, var. See Species 19.

Fig. 20 b (number erroneous), Mus. Brit.
SoLEN Luzoicus, var. See Species 24.

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN tesTTT. Sol. testd parvn, pallidd, temii, recta,
postice attenuatd ; ad terminum anticum acute et
suhohliqiie truncatd, post terminum canalicidatd, ad
terminum posticum suhrotundd.

Lean's Solen. Shell smaU, pale, thin, straight, pos-
teriorly attenuated ; sharply and rather obliquely
truncated at the anterior terminus, with a canal
behind the terminus, rather rounded at the pos-
terior terminus.

DuNKEi:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Hah. Philippines.

More narrow than Sokn exiijuus, Dunker.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN EXic.uns. Sol. testd 2iarvd, pallide fidvd, cpidcr-
mide subaureo indutd, latiiisculd, rectd, ad aream
medianum substrigatd, antice perpend irnlnrita-
truncatd, postice suhconvexo-truncatd.

The narrow Solen. Shell smaE, pale fulvous, covered
with a rather golden epidermis, rather broad,
straight, a little striped on the middle area,
anteriorly perpendicularly truncated, posteriorly
rather convexly truncated.

DiTJKKR. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Hob. Borneo.

]\[ore straight and broad than Solen Zcaiii, and of
equal breadth throughout.

Species 33. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

SoLEN AsrEr.sus. S<,1. testa ehngatd, lentissime arcuatd,
macidis ptirpureis vivide variegatd, prope terminum
ant i cum acclivi, constrictd ; margine dorsali vix
excacato ; margine ventrali lente coni^exo.

The SPRINKLED Solen. Shell elongated, very slightly
arched, brightly variegated with purple spots,
sloped upwards and constricted near the anterior
end ; dorsal margin scarcely excavated ; ventral
margin slightly eonvex.

Ddnker. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18(il.

Hab. Australia.

The younger shell is more finely sprinkled with

colour and shows the gentle curve more distinctly than

when full grown.

Species 34. (Mus. Hanley.)

Solen acinacies. Sol. testa alba, lente arcuatd, breviiis-
cidd, antice latiiisculd, postice attenuatd ; margine
antico acide et sabobliqiii' truncato ; margine postico
angusto, subrotundo.

The scijiitar Solen. Shell white, gently curved,
rather short, sloped upwards at each end, rather
broad anteriorly, attenuated posteriorly; anterior
margin acutely and somewhat obliquely truncated ;
posterior margin narrow, rather rounded.

Hanlet. Species of Shells.

Hab. ?

We have figured the unique specimen originally

described by favour of Sylvanus Ilanley, Esq.

August, 1874.

S 0 L E N.

Plate.

acinacies, Hanley VIL

ambiguus, Lamarck V.

aspersus, Bunker VII.

brevis, (?ra.j/ _. II.

Cei/lonensis, Dvinkei I.

coineus, Lamarck IV.

(and PI. VII., fig. 18 b.)

Delesserti, Chemn III.

ensis, Linncetis I.

exiguus, Bunker VII.

Ponesii, Bunker VI.

Gaudichardi, Chemn lU.

gracilis, Philippi IV.

grandis, Bunker II.

Guineenis, Gray .„ IV.

J oncsii, Bunker , IIL

Lamarckii, Chemnitz IV.

Leani, Bunker .„ VII.

linearis, Chemnitz V.

Luzonicus, Bunker _ V.

(and PI. VIL, fig. 20 b.)

Luzonicus, Dunker HI.

macha, Okeni , VI.

Plato.

Malaccensis, Bunker IV.

marginatus, Pulteny II.

ohliqna ? V.

Vk\Ker\, Bunker VI.

Philippinarum, Uan]ey V.

Philippianus, Bunker III.

regularis. Bunker VI.

rostriformis. Bunker IV.

rostrum-anatis, Dunker (see Erratum) III.

rudis, C. B. Adams V.

scalpeura, King III.

sicarius, Gould IV.

Sloanii, Gray III.

Tehuelca, Orbigny (see Erratum)

Timorensis, Bunker VI.

truncatus, Sowerby I.

vagina, Linnwus I,

vagina, Pennant II.

vaginoides, Lamarck V.

versicolor, Philippi III.

viridis, Say VI.

vitreus, Bunker III.

Species.

20
4
21
26
21
13
30
18
7
21
12
14
10

27
1
2
4
23
10
25

ERRATUM.

Species 7, Plate III., for rostrum-anatis, Dunker, read, Gaudichardi, Chemn., Tehuelcha, Orbigny.
The fine richly coloured specimen in Mr. Hanley's collection, too late for figuring, has been identified with
Mr. Dunker's species, the name of which must become a synonym.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

A D E 0 R ]] 1 S,

•• How oxquisitely iiiinutc.
A miracle ot'di'siijn \"~Tennijson.

Adeurbis FL. I.

^%.

a k

^^^^

^

/^^^

>»^~y^

Vvnocnt Brooki D^ i Sot Imp

A I) E 0 R B I S.

Plate I.

Genus ADEORRIS, Wood.

Testa orbicularis, depressa, umbilicata, alba ; anfrac-
tibus paucif, ultimo magna. Aperlura majiia,
peritremate interrupto. Operculum nullum.

Shell orbicular, depressed, umbilicated, white ; whorls
few, last large. Aperture large, peritrcme inter-
rupted. Operculum none.

The little wliite shells Ibrming thi.s group differ from
Ci/closlrema;, principally in having a more depressed
and less conical form, and in the edge of the aperture
being interrupted instead of continuous. The genus
was created for the little bicarinatod British species.
Most of the others have been collected eithrr by Mr.
Cuming in the Philippines, or Mr. Arthur Adams in
Japan. But the most beaulLlul species is Aihurhis
Anqasi from AustraUa.

.Sp,

(:mus. r

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

ADEOimis ELEG.^NS. Adc. testa lata, depressii, sjiird
subplanulatd ; ultimo anfractu latissimo ; labia
externa elei/anter supern!: sinuato ; umbilico magno.

The elegant Adeorbis. Shell broad, depressed ; spire
rather flat ; last whorl very wide ; outer hp
elegantly sinuous above ; umljilicus large.

A. Adams (Cyclostrema). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hub. Isl. St. Thomas.

Species 2. (Mus. Mac Andrew.)

Adeoiibis suiiCAiUNATA. Ade. testd moderate depressd;
spird pauld exscrtd ; ultimo anfractu supern!; sub-
angulalo, infrd, bicarinato ; aperlura ovatd ; um-
bilico mag,\o.

The low-keeled Adeohbis. Shell moderately depressed;
sjure a little e.xserted ; last whorl a little angular
above, with two keels below ; aperture ovate ;
umbilicus large.

Walker (Helix). Adeorbis carinata, Wood.

Hab. British Seas.

Adeorbls Adamsii. Ade. testd valde depressd, sinuatim
connentricl' lirntd; aperturd magna, oblique obtoiigd,
labia e.vterno supernl; moderate sinuato.

Ada.ms's Adeorbis. Shell much depressed, sinuously
concentrically ridged; aperture large, oblique,
oblong, outer lip moderately sinuous above.

FiscilEFt. Journal de Conchyliologie, 1857.

Ilab. Guadaloupe.

■Species 4.
A. Ade.

(Mus. Brit.)

testd valde
: umbilico I,

depr

Adeorbis blana.

hitd, spiralite

latiss imd, obliq ml.
The flat Adeoubis. Shell much dopresse

broad, spirally striated ; umbilicus very

aperture very wide, oblique.
A.Adams (Cyclostrema). Proc. Zool. Soc, l.Si
Hah. Philippines. Japan.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Adeoubis nitida. Ade. testd subelevatd, solidd ; spiru
conicd, anj'ractibus rotundis, distinctis ; umbilici
magna, circumscripto ; aperturd subrotuudd.

The neat ADEOinus. Shell a little raised, solid ; spin
conical, whorls rounded, distinct; umbilicus large
defined ; aperture rather round.

A. Adams (Cyclostrema). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hab. PhiIipT)ines.

Species G. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Adams.)

Adeoubis debuessa. Ade. testd latd, valdi: depressd,
laevigata ; spird subplanulatd ; anfractibus vix
exsertis ; umbilico mediocri ; ajyertiird parvd, siib-
ovatd.

April, 1874.

ADBORBIS.— Plate I.

Thi; depressed Apeorbis. Shell brond, much depressed,
smooth; spire rather flat; whorls scarcely exserted ;
umbilicus moderate ; aperture small subovate.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18C1.

JIab. Mino-Sima, Japan.

Species 7. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

AoEORiiis PLANORBULA. Adc. testd viildc dcpressLi ;
tijrird fere planoi'buld ; anfractibus rotundis, ultmo
lato ; umbiLico maximo ; apertvrd fere rotundd.

The planorbular Adeorbis. Shell much depressed ;
spire nearly pknourblar ; whorls round, the last
broad ; umliilicus very large ; aperture almost
round.

A. Adams ( Cyclostrema). Froc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

//(///. I'hilippines.

Species 8. (Mus. Adams.)

Adi:oi;bis tkochula. Ade. testd trochifoiini^ subelevatd ;
spird conicd, anfractibus hand promineniibus,
superne declivibus ; umbilico parvo, costd circum-
scrijitd ; aperturd subrotundd.

The little-top Adeorbis. Shell trochiform, rather
elevated ; spire conical, whorls not prominent,
sloped above ; umbilicus small, defined by a rib,
aperture rather round.

A. Adams, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18G3.

Ilab. Gotto Islands, Japan.

Species 0, (Mus. Brit.)

Adeorbis orbklla. Ade. testd moderate depressd ;
spird depresso-conicd ; anfractibus siipeme subde-
rlivibzis ; umbilico maximo, circvmscripto ; aperturd
obliqud, subrotundd.

The small-orb Adeorbis. Shell moderately depressed
spire depressed, conical ; whorls sloped above
umbilicus very large, defined ; aperture obhque
rather round.

A. AnA.MS. Ann. and Mag. Hist. Nat., 18C1.

Hab. Mino-Sima, Japan.

Species 10. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis carinata.. Ade. testd depressd, spi/d siib-
planatd : anfractibus distiiictis, rotundatis, ultimo
versUs suturam gibboso, infra plaradatu, infra
carinato ; umbilico magno ; aperturd oblique
siibquadratd, infra ad margiiiem externum ros-
tratd.

The keeled Adeorbis. Shell depressed, spire rather
flattened ; whorls distinct, rounded, last gibbous
towards the suture, flattened below, keeled at the
base ; umbilicus large ; aperture rather obliquely
squared ; beaked below at the outer edge.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18C3.

Hub. Seto-Uchi, Javian,

^

^

AdrrorbLS Fill.

i

/^

^icenlBrooks D.iy A Sou hop

A D E 0 R B I S.

Species 11. (Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis J.\ponica. Ade. testd rhpressa, parni,
Icevigatd, discoided ; semipellucidd, concentrio:
oblique striata; spird subdiscoided, anfractihus
knte crescentibm, rotundis, umhilico Into, costd
validd, marginato.

The Jap.^n AuEonBis. Shell depressed, small, smooth,
discoidiil; somipellucid, concentrically obliqu<4y
striated ; spire rather discoidal, whorls slowly
increasing, rounded, umbilicus wide, bordered
with a strong rib.

A. Adams. Apn. and Mag. of Nat. Ili.st., ISfll.

Hab. Gotto Islands, Japan.

Species 12. (Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis Sinensis. Ade. teatd subdiscoided, solida,
opaci'i ; striis minutisshnis spiralibiis et conceMricis
decussatd ; spird svbplanulatd, aiifractibus rcju-
lariler crescenlibus, rotundis ; umbilico mcdiocri,
aperturd oblique rotundatim ovato.

The Chinese Adeokbis. Shell rather discoidal. solid,
opaque ; decussated with very minute spiral and
concentric stri;e ; spire rather tlat, whorls regu-
larly increasing, rounded ; umbilicus moderately
large, aperture obliquely rounded oval.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18G1.

Hab. China.

Spec

(Mus. Ada

Adeorbis prominula. Ade. testd subdiaphand, nitidA,
striis concentricis tenuissimis sculptd ; spird de-
presso-conicd ; anfractibus vix promincntibus, rapidc
crescentibus ; umbilico mcdiocri, submarginato ;
aperturd obliqud.

The prominent Adeorbis. Shell rather transpa-
rent, polished, sculptured with very thin con-
centric strife ; spire depressed-conical ; whorls
scarcely prominent, rapidly increasing ; umbilicus

middle-sized, slightly bordered ; aperti

lique.
A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. ol" Nat. Hist, 18G1.
Hab. Mino-Sinia, Japan.

Species 14. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis clausa. Ade. testd discoided, subdiaphana.
tenuissime concentrice striafd ; spird depressd, an-
fractibus vix prominentilnis, superne subplanulatis ;
umbilico partim callo obtecto.

The closed Adeorbis. Shell discoidal, rather trans-
parent, very finely concentrically striated ; spire
depressed, whorls scarcely prominent, rather flat-
tened above ; umbilicus partly covered by callus.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist, 1861.

Ilab. Mino-Sima, Japan.

The umbilicus being partly lilled up by a callus,
makes it a leading species towards the genus Tcinostuiua.
in which the umbiHcus is entirely filled.

Species 15. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis suturai.is. Ade. testd subglobosd, tenui, semi-
pellucidd, tenuissime concentrice striata; spird
subproductd, anfractibus rapid!: crescentibus ; suturd
profundd ; aperturd magnd ; umbilico parvo.

The sutured Adeorbis. Shell subglobose, thin, semi-
pellucid, very finely concentrically striated ; spire
a little produced, whorls rapidly increased ; suture
deep, aperture Large ; umbilicus small.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18C1.

Ilab. Tsu-Sima, Japan.

Species Kj. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Adams.)

^Vdeorbis corniculi-.m. Ade. testd globosd, subdiaphand,
minutissime striata; spird parvd, anfractibus rapidc

April, 187-1.

ADEOEBIS.— Plate II.

cresce/ifibus, ultimo magna, rotunda; umhilico an-
gusto, casta marginato ; aperturd magnd.

The little horn Adeoebis. Shell globose, a little
transparent, very minutely striated ; spire small,
wborls rapidly increasing, last large, rounded ;
nrabilicus narrow, bordered ^vith a rib ; aperture
large.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18C1.

Ilab. Mine Sima, Japan.

Species 17. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Brit.)

AoEonBis Angasi. Ade. testa discoided, valde depressd,
tenui ; spird parvd, planulatd, anfractibus paucis,
parvis, rapide creseentibus, ultimo expanse, striata,
ad suiuram crenulato, ad periphcriam acute cari-
nata et conspicue crenatn ; vmbilico et aperturd
maximis.

Angas's Adeop.bis. Shell discoidal, much depressed,
thin ; spire small, flat, whorls few, small, rapidly
increased, last expanded, striated, crenulated at
the suture ; sharply and conspicuously keeled
at the periphery ; umbilicus and aperture very
large.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Hab. Australia.

This beautiful little shell was collected by Mr. G. P.
Angas.

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)

Adeorbis n.ujula. Ade. testa depressd, subdiscoided ;
spird paula exsertd, anfractibus roiundis, lente
cresceiilibus ; umbilico mediocri, marginata, aperturd
subratundd.

The littix dwarf Adeorbis. Shell depressed, rather
discoidal ; spire a little exserted, whorls rounded,
slowly increased ; umbilicus moderate, bordered,
aperture rather rounded.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18G1.

JIab. Miuo-Sima, Japan.

Species 19. (Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis subangulata. Ade. testa solidtiisculd ; spird
paulo exsertd ; anfractibus subangulatis ; ultimo
anfractu subelevata, propS suturam gibbosa, sub-
angulato, infrcb latiuscula, obscure angnlato; umbilico
prof undo, angustiitsculo, margine acuta; aperturd
subavatd, labia externa, superne sinuatim producto.

The slightly angular Adeorbis. SheU rather solid ;
spire a little exserted ; whorls rather angular ;
last whorl a little raised, gibbous and obscurely
angular near the suture ; umbilicus deep, rather
narrow, with a sharp edge ; aperture subovate,
outer lip sinuously produced above.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1861.

Hab. Gotto Islands, Japan.

Species 20. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis diaphana. Ade. testd globosd, diapdiand;
spird parvd, anfractibus rotundis ; ultima anfractu
injiato ; umbilico parvo ; aperturd subratundd.

The transparent Adeorbis. Shell globose, trans-
parent, spire small, whorls round ; last whorl
inflated ; umbilicus small ; aperture rather round.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1861.

Hab. Gotto Islands, Japan.

Species 21. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Adams.)

Adeorbis patrdelis. Ade. testd semipellucidd, depressd ;
spird paulo productd, anfractibus obscure biangulatis,
ultima infrd planiiisculo ; umbilico angustiitsculo ;
aperturd magnd, labia columellari rectiiisculo.

The related Adeorbis. Shell semipellucid, depressed,
spire a little produced, whorls obscurely biangular,
the last rather flattened beneath ; umbilicus rather
narrow; aperture large, columella lip rather
straight.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1861.

Hab. Mino-Sima, Japan.

Related to Adeorbis Japoinca, but with more elate

spire.

MONOGRAPH

OF THK GENUS

TEINOSTOMA,

' Once hid from those who search the mam,

Where thonsand eltin shapes ahide."— Willi am Colli

(^^^

;H^

lHno,sU>iiia PI i

^w>. " m:r^^

,<^:^fes , --=^..

%MinBioAs Da} i Son Imp

T E I N 0 S T 0 iM A.

Genus TEINOSTOMA, A. ^rf«m,«.

Testa depressa, alba, poliia, solida, raro spinditer

striata, regione umbilicali callo obtecto : apertiird

lateraliter producta, ab axe remota.
Shell depressed, white, polished, solid, rarely spirally

striated ; umbilical region covered by a callus ;

aperture laterally produced, distant from the axis.

Tiie difference between this genus and Adeorbis is
that while shells of the former are widely unibilicated,
those of the latter have the imibilicus filled up by a callus.
The mouth also is laterally produced and out of axis.
The localities of the few species known are as remote as
Mazatlan, Japan, and the Philippines.

>pec

(Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

TEixosroM.\ AMPLECT.AXS. Tii. testa valde dipnssa,

spird plaimlatd ; aperturd producta, labia extcriio

subrostralo ; callo crassn, rotnndato.
The folding Teinostoma. Shell much depressed, spire

flattened ; aperture produced, outer lip rather

beaked ; callus thick, rounded.
Carpenter. Cat. Mazatlan Moll., p. 253.
Uab. Mazatlan.

Next to Teinostoma politum, this is the most pointed at
the outer lip and has the largest callus of any of the
species.

Species '1. (Fig. ((, b, Mus. Brit.)

TE1N0STO.MA CONCEXTRICUM. Tci. tfstd dcpressd, spiialitcv
teiiuiter liratd, svperni' convexd ; umbilico cidlo
oinidiiO obtecto ; aperturd atttice productd, siib-
(laiminatd.

The Concentric Teinostom.a. Shell dejn-essed, spirally
finely ridged, convex above; umbilicus entirely

April

hidden by a callus; aperture anteriorly produced,

slightly acuminated.
A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IHCjo.
Uab. Takano-Sima, Japan.

The only species covered with spiral stria'.

Species ;i. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

TEIN0.S1-0MA ROLITL'M. Tei. testd valde dcpressd, politd,
superm plamdatd ; ultimo anfractu gibboso,
lateraliter producta ; aperturd productd, ovatd, ad
suturam columellarnqve ina'assatd ; labia externa
infra medium acute roatrato.

The polished Teinosto.ma. Shell much depressed,
polished, flattened above ; last whorl gibbous,
laterally produced ; aperture produced, ovate,
thickened at the suture and columella ; outer lip
sharply beaked below the middle.

A. Adams. Proc. Zoul. Soc, 1854.

Ilab. Philippine Islands.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Tlinostoma substriatum. 7'ei. testd minima, nilenti,
prope suturam minutissitne striatd ; callo angusio,
circa rimam umbilicalem gyranti : aperturd sub-
rotundd ; labia interno crasso, fere anfractvvi
penultimum amplectanti.

The substriated Teinostoma. Shell very small, shining,
very minutely striated near the suture ; callus
narrow, coiling round the umbilical rim ; aperture
nearly round ; inner lip thick, nearly enveloping
the last whorl.

Cap.penter. Cat. Mazatlan Mull., p 254.

Ilab. Mazatlan.

1874.

TEENOSTOMA.— Plate I.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mils. Brit.)

Teisostoma Cahpentikei. Tei. testa valde depressd,
spird fere obtectd ; ultimo anfractxt, planulato,
medio fissuratd ; callo umbilicati rotimdo ; aperturd
productd, labio interno supra anfractum penuUimwu
elevato ; labio externa ad medium rostrato.

Cahpentek's Teinostoma. Shell much depressed ;
spire almost hidden ; last whorl fattened, witli a
medial fissure; umbilical callus rounded ; aperture
produced, inner lip raised above the penultimate
whorl, outer lip beaked in the middle.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18G1.

llah. (iulf of Pechili.

The suture and the apex of this shell are covered by
an enamel, leaving only a little pit wliere the point
should be.

Species G. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Teinostoma eadiatum. Tei. testd depressd, orbietdald.
superne convexiusculd, infra medium planiHsculd ;
lineis incrementi conspiciie concenirice liratd; an-
fractibus rapide crescentibus ; aperturd subrotundd,
antice productd ; labio interno ad suturam in-
crassato, usque ad apicem elevato ; callo subex-
cavato.

The liAYED Teinostoma. Shell depressed, orbicular,
rather convex above, rather iiat below the middle ;
concentrically ridged with conspicuous lines of
growth; aperture rather rounded, produced an-

teriorly ; inner lip thickened at the suture, raised
as far as the apex ; callus somewhat excavated.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.. 18G0.

Hal). Kino-0-Sima, Japan.

Species 7. (Fig. 1, a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Teinostoma lucidum. Tei. testd orbiculari, dfpressd,
aperturd sid)obliqud, antice rotundatim productd ;
callo rotunda, tumido.

The lucid Teinostoma. Shell orbicular, depressed,
apertiu-e a little oblique, anteriorly roundly pro-
duced ; callus rounded, tumid.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1.S60.

Hah. Japan.

Species 8. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)
Teinostoma pusilluji. Tei. testd orbiculari, depressd,

minutissime striatd ; suturd impressd; anfractu

ultimo magno, ad peripheriam compressa ; labia

interno septiformi, recto.
The dwauf Teinostoma. Shell orbicular, depressed,

very minutely striated ; suture impressed ; last

whorl large, compressed at the circumference ;

inner lip sej^tiform, straight.
C. B. Adams. Conchological Contributions, p. 112.
Teinostoma anamalum, H. and A. Adams.
Teinostoma {calceolina) pusillum, Adams, Genera,

Appendix.
Hub. U. States; Tanube, Japan.

The straight inner lip of this little species gives it
the appearance of a Xeritina.

M 0 N 0 G H A P [ I

B R 0 D E R I P I A,

'Your name is giv;it in niontlix of wisest cenxnrc." —Shukyfu

Brodcripta I 'I I-

B R 0 D E R I P I A.

Genus BRODERIPIA, Gray.
Molluscum trachelipodum mai-inum.
Testa marina, patelliformis, deprcssa, oblonga, non-

spiralis ; apice postico, incurvo ; aperturd maxima,

ovatd, inlits margaritacea.
Mollusc, trachelipodous, marine.
Shell marine, patelliform, depressed, oblong, nonsjiiral ;

apex posterior, incurved ; aperture very large,

ovate, pearly within.

The late Mr. Broderip described two shells of this
small genus, including them in Scutella. Hut although
the animal is not known, the structure of the shell makes
it probable that they belong to the family of the
Slomatellinoi ; and that they bear the same relation to
that family as the Ancyli do to the Lymneadw.

Two Pacific, one Philippine, and one other species,
are all at present known.

Species 1. (Fig. a. h, Mus. Brit.)
BuouERiriA ROSEA. Bio. testd pared, minuiisdme
striata, ovnid, depressd, dorso arouitd, lineis flam-
mulisque rubris snhreticulatim pictd ; ajiire post
marginem posticum pruducto ; iiaered intiis teniiis-
simd.
The nosy Brodeiupia. Shell small, very finely striated,
ovate, de[>ressed, back arched, painted network-
like with red lines and flames: ajiex produced
beyond the posterior margin, pearl very thin

I Cuming's Broderipia. Shell subquadrate, subconical,
depressed, minutely granular, rayed with red
bands towards the margin ; apex sloped near the
posterior margin ; columellar margin rather sep-
tiform within.

A. Ar>AMS. Proc. Zool. Soc., ISfjO.

Hah. Isl. Capul, Philippines.

The shell irom which our figure was originally drawn
was unfortunately lost from Mr. Cuming's collection,
but a drawing is preserved and an inferior specimen
remains.

Broderip (Scutella). Proc. Zool.
Hab. Griniwood's Island, Pacific.

Sue, l.s;)4.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

iRODERiPiA CuMiNGii. Bro. testd suhquadratd, snb-
conicd, depressd, minute gramdatd, fasciis rubris
prop!: marginem radiatd : apice prop!; marginem
posticum declinato : margine coluincUari intiis snb-
septiformi.

Species i!. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Broderipia nitidissima. Bro. testd depi-csso-conicd,
ovatd, intus palUde ^ji/r^JiireiJ, vivide iridescenti.
extus fumoso-fuscd, costis regularibus, crassis ra-
diatd; margine deiitato; apice p>auld post-mediani.

The bright Broderipia. Shell depressed-conical,
ovate, pale purple within, brightly iridescent^
smoky-brown without, rayed with regidar, thick
ribs ; margin toothed ; ape.x a little behind the
centre.

Deshaves. Conchyliologie de I'lsle de la Reunion, p. 69.

Hab. Bourbon.

The only species wi
ingly toothed margin.

radiating ribs and correspond-

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Broderipia ikidescens. Bro. testa tenia, ovato-oblongd,
depressd, intus vivide iridescenti, i^ubro pallide
reticulata ; e.vtiis pallid!: fulvd rosea vivid! oblique
reticulata.

The iridescent Broderipia. Shell thin, ovate-oblong,
depressed, brightly iridescent within, reticulated
with pale red ; pale fulvous without, brightly
obliquely reticulated with red.

Broderip (Scutella). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1S34.

Hab. Grimwood's Island, Pacific.

Aprd, 1874.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

C U L T E L L U S.

' Hi)w full the earth, auJ sea, and air !
How great Thy love ! what coustant ca
Of all the host is shown." — Anon.

CnHvllus /'/ /.

Sowwbv del a k)..

CULTELLUS.

Plate I.

Genus CULTELLUS, Schumacher.

Testa transversi' ohlonga, mwquilateralis, aquivalvis,
utrinqtie htans, rotunda, wahunihus anticis, inter-
dum paulo arcuata ; interdum costd unthonali
internd minuta. Denies in imd valvd duo, in
altera valvd tres. Li(jamentum externum, ilonga-
tum.

Shell transversely oblong, iiic(|uilatonil, equivalve,
gajjing at each end, roumlcd, with anterior um-
bones, sometimes a little curved, sometimes pro-
vided with an internal umbonal rib. Teeth two
in one valve, and three in the other. Ligament
external, elongated.

Sijn. Maeha, Conrad. — Siliqua, Muhlfeldi. — Lcgu-
minuni, Chemnitz.

Uniting tlie group rcpresente<l by Sulcn CulteUus,
and that represented by Solen radi<ilus, the latter
having an internal umbonal bar or rib, in one genus,
we have all the Solenidce, excepting S. legumen,
divided into three genera — viz., Solen, including the
razor shells, whether straight or curved, with the beaks
terminal ; Cultkllus, including Siliqua, or the " radiata' '
group, which, with or without the internal rib, having
the beaks near one end, or at least nearer than the
middle, and Solecurtus, including Macha, Siliqu.\hia,
Novaculina and Pharella, having the beaks centi-alor
nearly so.

Like true Solens, the species of Cultclht.t are found
in the sands of nearly all climates.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Cultellus lividus. Cut. testd elongatd, arcuaid, com-
pressd, licidi-purpurascenti, maculis fascia aspcrsd,
postice attenuatd, suhacmninafd, margine terminali
antico perelevato ; ligamento breviitscido.

The lfvid Cultellus. Shell elongated, curved, com-
pressed, livid-purplish, sprinkled with brown spots;
posteriorly attenuated, subacuminated, anterior
terminal margin much raised ; ligament short.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Cultellus marmoratus, Dunker.

Hal). Isl Luzon, Philippines.

The small semipellucid shell described as C. mar-
moratus, is evidently the same with C. lividus in a
young state.

Species 2. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Cultellus lacteus. Cul. testa magna, compressd,
Imvigatd, albidd, rectiusculd, intus subumbonis costd
munitd, extiis epidermide crassd indutd ; latere
antico ante umbones producto, rotundatim sub-
acuminato ; latere postico elongato, ad terininum
rotunda ; margine ventrali recto ; ligamento
maximo.

The milk-white Cultellus. Shell large, compressed,
smooth, whitish, rather straight, strengthened with
a rib inside, under the umbones, covered with a
thick epidermis outside ; anterior side produced
in front of the umbones, roundly subacuminated ;
posterior side elongated, rounded at the end;
ventral margin straight ; ligament very large.

Spengler.

Cultellus orientalis, Dunker.

Hab. Malacca.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)

Cultellus maximus. Cul. testa tcnui, comi^ressd, paulo
arcuata, albd, epidermide fulvd indutd, intus costd
munitd ; latere postico brevi, in ared coinplanatd et
margine reflexo terminanti, post aream concentrice
rugaid ; latere postico elongato, ared dorsali medio
arcuatim depresso.

The veiiy large Cultellus. Shell thin, compressed,
a little curved, white, covered with a yellow
epidermis, strengthened inside with a rib ; pos-
terior side short, ending in a flattened area and
reflected margin, concentrically wrinkled behind
the area; posterior side elongated, dorsal area
depressed by a curve in the middle.

Gjielin. Linn. Syst. Nat.

Hab. Malacca.

August, 1874.

GiUeUus Pi. II .

f r r (

C U L TELL U S.

Species -I. (Mus. Brit.)

t'ui.Tixi.fs I'KLi.rciDus. Cul.lifhi pwcA, femii, semi-
pellncidd, clonrjaMl, arcuat'i, ante umbonem hrevis-
simd ; area posticd paulo elevatd ; maiyine dorsali
vix arcuato: marijine ventrali ulrinqne sursum
acdivi ; manjimhiis tcrminalilus .ndirotnudis.

TiiK PtLLUciD Cfi,TELi,i:s. Shell small, thin, semi-
pellucid, elongated, arched, very short in front of
the umbo, posterior area a little raised; dorsal
margin scarcely arched, ventral margin sloped
upwards on each side ; terminal margins rathoi-
roimded.

Pennant. Zool. Brit., vol. iv. PI. 4C, 1'. "23.

Solen pyjmwiis, Lamarck.

Solen minntus, Montagu.

ITnh. British coasts.

Species 5. (Mus.

CULTELLUS HaNLETI. CuL tCSld doiKjatd, COJliprCSlld,

utrinqu'c paulo hianti, rectliisciild. albidd, aiitirr
postid'qne concentrice rufjatd ; latere antico brcvi,
margine dorsali exravato, narijine terminuli sub-
quadrato ; latere postico clongato, margine dorsali
recto, area angnstissimd, margine terminnli subro-
tiindo.

Hanley's Cultellus. Shell elongated, compressed,
a little gaping at each end, rather straight, whitish,
anteriorly and posteriorly concentrically wrinkled ;
anterior side short, dorsal margin excavated,
terminal margin rather square ; posterior side
elongated, dorsal margin straiglit, with very
narrow area, terminal margin rather rounded.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Hab. ?

Described in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society
from a specimen in the late Mr. Cuming's collection
without stated locality.

Species (J. (:Mu.s. Brit.)

(.'ui.ti;li.i;s i'olitl'S. CuL tedd recta, drpressd, antice
hianti, fused, epidermidc teniii, politd indutd ;
twibonibiis stibtermiKalibits, margine antico elevaio,
rejle.co; ared postird albd, eloiigatd, margine terminalt
sithtruncato '; area dorsali iDigiistd, rectd ; margine
ventrali recto.

The polished (^ultellus. Shell straight, depressed,
anteriorly gaping, brown, covered with a thin
polished epidermis ; uraboes nearly terminal,
anterior margin elevated, reflected, posterior area
white, elongated ; terminal margin Eubtruncated ;
dorsal area narrow, straight, ventral margin
straight.

DuNKKi;. Proc. Zoul. Soc, ISGl.

/lab. Mouths (jf the river Gambia.

A pecidiarly straight looking species, with umboes
lu arly torminal and edges curiously reflected.

Species 7. (Fig. a, b, .AIus. Brit.)
Cui.TELLUS Cu.MiNuiANUS. C'ul. testd kitiUsculd, breviils-
vuld, arcuatd, fusco-piirpured, sparsim superne
punctato et macvlato ; umbonibtis terminalibus,
margine antico oblique retrorso ; margine ventrali
ntrinqui: acclivi ; margine postico obtvso ; margine
dorsidi suharcuatim dipresso.

I Cu.ming's Cui.TELLUS. Shell rather broad, short,
arched, purple-bro\vn, sparingly dotted and
spotted with purple above ; umboes terminal,

I anterior margin obliquely turned backwards ;

! ventral margin sloped upwards at each end;

posterior margin obtuse ; dorsal margin a little

I arched and depressed.

I DuNKEi:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

I Cultelliis concin:.us, Dunker.
Ilab. Isl. Zebu, Philippines.

Short, deep, and square at the ends.

June, 1874.

CULTELLUS.— Plate II.

Species 8. (Mus. Brit.)

Cl'ltellus attenuatus. Cul. tesht dejnessd, tenui,
alhidd, eindermide temiissimo indutd ; latere antico
ante mnboncs hreviiisado, elevato, rotundo ; latere
posficoatteimato,clongato,adtej'niinumsubacuminato.

The attenuated Cultellus. Shell depressed, thin,
whitish, covered with a very thin epidermis ;
anterior side rather short in front of tho umboes,
raised, rounded ; posterior side attenuated, elon-
gated, rather acuminated at the end.

DuNKEii. Proc. Zool See, ISGl.

?I(di. Philippines.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)

Cultellus subellipticus. Cul. testa depressa, tenui,
hrevi, ovatd, alba; latere antico hreviiisado, an-
gusto ; latere jwstico lato, marginihus dorsali ven-
iralique convexis.

The subelliptic Cultellus. Shell depressed, thin,
short, ovate, white; anterior side rather short,
narrow ; posterior side broad, with dorsal and
ventral margins convex.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Hab. Singapore. Staits of Malacca.

CnUcUas Ft in.

%cent "Brooks Pay k Son, hap

CULTELLUS.

(Fig. .s.) .Specius L>il. (Mus. Brit.)

Cci.TKi.LUS COSTATUS. CiiL tcsti't. mcifjiiM, vealrirosd,
obliiptd,propS umhoncs aurantia, purpurco nchulata,
eiddennide fiisco suhviridi nileiiti indiiia, intus
iiifrd ■timhonerii imicoslatd ; latere anlico brevi, sub-
votundata ; latere postico elomjato, Iiianti, injlato,
marffine dorsall hrevi, subcxcavato ; cardiiie vukjiio,
iiiiirijiiu latcrali sttprd declivi, iiifrd rotnndatim
prodncto.

Thi; niKEED CuLTELLL's. Shell largo, voutricose, ob-
lique, orange near the umboes, clouJeii witli
purple ; covered with a greenish-brown, shining
epidermis ; with a rib inside under the umbo ;
anterior side short, rather rounded ; posterior side
elongated, gaping, inilated, dorsal margin short,
slightly excavated: hinge large, lateral margin
sloped above, roundly produced below.

S.w. American Marine Conohology.

Hab. North America, Cape Kriisenstern.

(Fig. 9.) Species:.']. (Mus. lirit.)

Cl'I.TKl.LUS MEDIfS. CiiL tCftd t:idici'iiipre.^f''i, oblniir/a-
i Uiptifd.iitrinqucliianti, cpuknnidc a'ltsso, .'ndjriridi,
nib nti iuduti'i ; intus cosld ralidd inj'rd umhonem
iitvd<iae ridrdmunitd, latero untico breri, semiornld ;
latere postico oblongo, margine dorsali nxtluKcul) ;
mar;/ine terminali subtruncato, marjinc ventndi
convexo, ad tcrmiuum siirsum (in-livi.

The medium Cultellus. Shell ratlier compressed,
oblong-elliptical, gaping at each end, covered with
a thick, greenish, shining epidermis ; fortified
within by a strong rib under the umbo in each
valve : anterior side short, semi-ovate ; posterior
side oblong, dorsal margin rather straight;
terminal margin rather truncated, ventral margin
convex, sloped upwards at the end.

Gi;.\Y. Zool. Beechy Voy., PL 44, f. 2.

Machicrh, idtida. GoulJ
H<di. Xorth America.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Cl-ltellus Wintei;i.v.\us. Cal. tcatd ohhngd, sabovatd,
di'pressd subcivraleo-alhd, epidernude tenui iiidutd,
intus costd validd infra umboiiem ulrdrpie vulva
munitd, latere, antico brevi, altd, sabrotundd,
murgim dorsali declivi; latere jwfitico subattinuato,
ad tcrmiaum suhanuninato, margin-: ventral/ rectiiis-
ctilo.

WiNTEu'.s Cl-etellis. Shell oblong, rather ovate, de-
pressed, bluish-white ; covered with a thin epi-
dermis, fortitied inside with a strong rib under
the umbo in each valve ; anterior side short,
high, rather rounded, dorsal margin sloped :
posterior side a little attenuated, rather aciuni-
nated at the end, ventral margin rather straight.

DcNKEK. Free. Zool. ^oe., 18&1. -^ /,':.' ^, «. U r ^ ^

Hab. Java.

Tliis species has a little of the shape of a Donax.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Cl'LTELLUs Nutt.\li. Cul. testd maijnd, ellipticd, coni-
pressd ; albidd, jiw'pureo ah nmbonibus radiatd ;
epidermide crasso, nitenti indutd, intus costd. validd
munitd ; latere antico breviitsculo, sidiacwninato ;
latere jmstico elongato, ad terminum subtruncato.

Nittal's Cultellus. Shell large, elliptic, compressed ;
whitish, rayed with purple from the umboes,
covered with a thick shining epidermis, fortified
inside with a strong rib ; anterior side rather
short, rather acuminated ; posterior side elongated,
rather truncated at the end.

CoxuAD. Journ. Acad. Nat. Hist. Phil., v. 7.

Ilab. North America.

(hdteUm n.I\\

Tfiiicaal Brooks D^« Son, bill

CULTELLUS.

Species 1l'. (Mus. Brii.)

CuLTELLUS GiiAXDis. Cal. tcftd inugnd, compressd,
utriiifjiu' hianti, albidd, j^rpureo radiatd, epider-
mide crassi, siibrirkli, nilenti indutd : iiitus casta
solidd, obliqud, infra umhoncm tilnhjui- valvd
munitd ; latere antico brevi, rotando ; medio paulu
excavato, marline ventrali concavo ; latere portico
expayisp, producto, subin/lato ; inarQine tcrminali
tmncalo : marr/ine dorsali compi'Cssn, el, rata. j)rope
umlxmes excavate.

The large Cultellus. Shell large, compressed,
gaping at both ends, whitisli, rayed with piirple,
covered with a thick, greenish, sliining epidermis ;
fortified inside with a solid obliijue rib under the
umbo in each valve ; anterior side short, rounded ;
middle a little excavated, ventral margin concave ;
posterior side expanded, produced, rather iuflated;
terminal margin truncated, dorsal margin com-
pressed, elevated, excavated near the umboes.

Gmelin. Linn. Syst. Nat.

Hah. Arctic rcsions.

?pecies lo. (^lus. Brit.)

CcLTELLfs i;.\r>i.\Tcs. Cul. icsti'i elonrjald, coiiipresnd,
lenui, purptireo late radiatd ct concciitrice fasciatd,
ntrinque hianti, intics costd alba, validd, oMiqud
infra umhonem idrdqtie valvd mxtnitd, ; latere antico
hrcvitisculo, prope lunhones excavato ; latere postico
eloi/ijaio ; marginc dorsali. ntrinque rectiilsculo,
margine ventrali conve.vo, arctiato, utriiiqvv versiis
terminus acclivi.

The r.\vei> Cl'ltellus. Shell elongated, compressed,
thin, broadly rayed and concentrically banded
with purple ; gaping at each end, fortified inside
with a strong, white, oblique rib under the umbo
in each valve ; anterior side rather short, ex-
cavated near the umboes ; posterior side elon-
gated ; dorsal margin rather straight on both sides^
ventral margin convex, arched, sloping upward t(j-
wards the end on each side.

LlNX^rs. Systema Xatura>.

//((/;. Sum^itra.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Cultellus hosti;.\tus. Cm/, testa magna, comprc6i:d,
lata, elongatd, obscure pmrnureo radiatd ; epider-
mide crasso suhviridi indutd, inths costd validd
munitd ; latere antico breviiisculo, semiovalo ; latere
postieo attenuate, versiis terminum angustato, ad
ierminum latii truncate, margine dorsali cotnprcsso.

The liEAKEi) Cultellus. Shell large, compressed,
broad, elongated, obscurely rayed with purjile,
covered with a thick greenish epidermis, fortified
within by a strong rib ; anterior side rather short,
semiovate ; posterior side attenuated, narrowed
towards the end, broadly truncated at the end ;
dorsal margin compressed.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Ilab. Arctic regions.

It may be seen at once that this species, although-
bearing a general resemblance to Cultellus graiulis.
diilVrs from it in the posterior side tapering towards
the end, instead of being expanded and inflated.

I.s7-i.

-'K*^^^^

CiiiuUns Fir.

h^K

CULTELLUS.

Species 15. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Ci'i.ri:i,i.us Jai'ONICUS. Cul. lestd tenui, ocatil, pallid!:
sidi/u.<rd, purpurea radidtd et concentricc fasciatit,
uitus costd albd validd infrd umboneiii in utrdque '
ralrd munitd ; latere antico bi-eviitsculo ; latere \
postico magis producto, prop! maryinem dorsalem
(■(jiupresffO, sulcata ; marrjine ventrcdi convcxo, vix
medio contracto.

Till; J.\i'.\N- CuLTELLi's. SlicU thin, i>v;ite. pale
liroAviiisli, rayed and concentrically liandcd with
purple, strengthened -within by a strong white rib
under the umbo in each valve ; anterior side
rather short ; posterior side more produced, com-
pressed near the dorsal margin, with a groove ;
ventral margin convex, hardly contracted in the
middle.

DiSKEii. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Siliqiia pulclier, Dunker.

I/ab. Eastern seas.

The specimens of Mr. Dunkor's Siliqita pulcher, seem
to me to represent the young state of his i'. Japonica.
It is longer in form, but it has the same groove con-
current with the dorsal marsin.

Species 17. (Mus. Brit.)

Cui.TEM.i's GuAV.VNUs. Cul. tcstd tCHui, clonQatd, epider-
midr tenuissimo indutd, costd intits munitd, vbscuir
purpurea radiatd; latere antica hrevi ; latere
pasiiro pnxhicta, margiiie dorsaii elevato, com-
presso.

Quay's Cultellu.s. Shell thin, elongated, covered with
a very thin epidermis, strengthened with a rili
inside, rayed with dull purple, anterior side short;
posterior side produced, dorsal margin elevated,
compressed.

DuNicEi:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1801.

Hub. Coylon.

?pecii

IC. (Mus. Brit.)

CuLTELLUS ALBiDUS. Cul. tcstd parrd, subelliplicd, albd,
semipellucidd ; latere antica hrevi; latere postico
oblonfjo, margine dorsaii convexo ; margine vcntrali
medio vix contracto.

The whitish Cultellus. Shell small, subelliptic,
white, semipellucid ; anterior side short ; posterior :
side oblong, dorsal margin convex ; ventral !
margin scarcely contracted.

DUNKEI! ?

Hab. Catauuan, Philippines. |

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)

Cultellus suesulcatus. Cul. tcstd ellipticd, tenui,
obscurh inirimreo fasciatd ; intiis costd solidd
munitd; latere antico brevi, rotunda ; latere postico
ohliquo, elongato, pirope margiucm dorsalem lev e
sulcata ; margine ventrali convexo.

The SLiGHTLY-onoovED Cultellus. Shell elliptic,
thin, banded with dull purple ; strengthened
within by a solid rib ; anterior side short,
rounded ; posterior side oblique, elongated,
slightly grooved near tlie dorsal margin ; ventral
margin convex.

Soweuisv.

Hah. ?

This shell is named in the British Museum collection
S. cosiatusvdv., but it is unlike the larger representatives
of that species. It has the same peculiar groove-like
depression parallel with the dorsal margin that dis-
tinguishes C. Japonica, but it is much more inequi-
lateral.

CULTKLLUS.— Plate V.

Species 19. (JIus. Brit.) \ fortified inside witli a strong rib under the umbo

I in eacli valve; anterior side very sliort; posterinr

OuLTELLUS Belcheri. CuL tcstd donfjcitu, compressd, | ^.^^ attenuated, sloped.

sulameiformi, pallide purpurea ra(liata,epidermide \ ^^^^^^ ^ MS. in Brit. Mus.

subviridi-fusco indiita ; intus costa validd infra \ ^^^ ,

umbonem in utrdque valvd munitd ; latere antico

brevissimo ; latere postico attemiato, acclivi.

Belcher's Cultellus. Shell elongated, compressed; ' Yi".\Q.b.

a little wedge-shaped, rayed with pale purple,

covered with a greenish-brown epidermis; CuLTELLL'sWlNTEi;iANU.s,7JitH/.cr,var. SpecieslO.Pl.lII.

Cultdliis Fin.

\%iceut Brooiis Dayi Soiikp

CULTELLUS.

Species 20. (Mas. Brit.)
CuLTELLUS fOSTATUs. See Plate III. Fig. 8.

Species 21. (Fig. 9, h, Mus. Brit.)
CuLTELLUS MEDICS, var. See Plate III. Fig. 9.

Species 22. (Mus. Brit.)

CuLTELLUS viTiiEUS. Cul. tcstd jHirvd, semipelluciild,
oblongd, lentissime areuatd ; latere antico brcvi,
rotundo : margine ventrali wqiuditer conve.ro.

The gl.\sst Ccltellcs. Shell small, scmipellucid,
oblong, very slightly arched ; anterior side short,
rounded ; ventral margin equally convex.

BoissY. MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. Singapore.

This little glassy species somewhat resembles the

British C. piUucidtis.

Species 23. (Fig. a, b.)

CuLTELLUS CULTELLUS. Cul. tcstd acicformi, areuatd,
post-medium laid, ante-medium attenuatd, tcrminis
utrinqui acclivibus ; pallidd, sparsim maculis
pmpureis aspersd ; rnhniibus fere terminalibus.

The little cutlas Cultellus. Shell scimitar-shaped,
arched, broad past the middle, attenuated before the
middle, sloping upwards at both ends ; pale, sprinkled
sparingly with purplespots;umbonesalmost terminal

Linnaeus (Solen). Syst. Natura;.

Cultellus Australis, Dunker.

Hab. Port Essington, Australia.

In Cultellus lividus the greatest breadth is before the

middle ; in the present, which is the typical species,

the greatest width is behind the middle.

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.)
Cultellus o\-alis. Cul. tatd cloiujuto-ovutd, siib-
ventricosd, aureo-subviride, ittrinque versks terminos
grisesceiiti ; latere antico 2)roducto, subacuminato ;
latere pvstico oblongn, obtuse subtruncato ; mnrgine
ventrali conve.ro ; margine do7-s<ili paulo decliri.

The oval Cultixlus. Shell elongate, oval, sub-
ventricose, greenish gold, greyish on both sides
towards the ends ; anterior side produced, rather
acuminated ; posterior side oljlong, obtusely trun-
cated ; ventral margin conve.K ; dorsal margin :i
little sloped.

Dunker ? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hub. Singapore.

Larger and more ovate than Ciilti'n)iS medius.

Species 25. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Cultellus scalpellum. Cul. testd elongatd, tenui,
epid.ermide nitenti, subviridi, indutd ; latere antico
producto, rotundo; latere postico elongato, attenuate,
acuminata; marr/ine dorsali recto ; margine ventrali
concexo, utrinque acclivi.

The scALrEL Cultellus. Shell elongated, covered
with a thin, shining, greenish epidermis; anterior
side produced, rounded ; posterior side elongated,
attenuated, acuminated; dorsal margin straight;
ventral margin convex, sloped upwards at each
end.

SowEr.nv.

Hab. Red Sea.

Of the general form and aspect of Cultellus cultellus,
but with the anterior end produced as in Cultellus

Species 26. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Cultellus lucidus. Cul. testd compressd, ovatd, tenui,
epider7nidc nitenti, Jlavido-sitbviridi indutd , fasciis
purpureis latis radiatd ; ad terminum posticum.
suhtruncatd ; margine dorsali post umbones convexd,
ared sithnarginali compressd.

The lucid Cultellus. Shell compressed, ovate, thin,
covered with a shining, thin, yellow-greenish
epidermis, rayed with broad purple bands ; partly
truncated at the hinder extremity ; dorsal margin
convex behind the umbones, with a submarginal
comjjressed area.

Conrad ? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. — ?

(uUrllus PI. m.

bcwei-Dv del el liUi

Viii..eoli^ir^okDjyJtSoii,hiip

CULTELLUS.

Plate VII.

(Fig.

Cl'LTELLUS CUMlNC^I.i

Mus. Brit.)
r.n: See Tlate II.

Spe

(Mus. Brit.)

CuLTELLUs OLivACEUS. Cul. testd elongatd, subcom-
pressd, epidemiide J'usco-Jfavescenti, medio IcBvujatd,
versus terminos nigaia indutd; latere antico oblongo,
ad terminum rotundo ; latere postico subattenuato ;
ad teitninum suhacuminato ; marginc ventrali
recliusculo ; manjine dorsali-poslico arciiatim sub-
dedivi.

The olivaceous Cultellus. Shell elongated, sub-
compressed, covered with a yellowi.sh-brown
epidermis, smooth in the middle, wrinkled at each
end ; anterior side oblong, rounded at tho end ;
posterior side rather attenuated, rather acuminated
at the end ; ventral margin rather straight ;
posterior dorsal margin sloped downwards in a
curve.

Metcalfe ? MS. in Brit. Mus.

Hab. ?

Species '28. (Pig. a, i, Mus. Brit.)

Cultellus Javanicus. Cul. testa tenni, compressd,
attennatd; epidermide tenui, pallide olivaceu indutd ;
latere antico producto, breviilscnlo, rvgato ; latere
postico ohliquo, arcuato, ad terminum acclivi,
acuminato ; marginc ventrali medio subcontracto.

The Java Cultellus. Shell thin, compressed,
attenuated ; covered with a thin, pale-olive epi-
dermis; anterior side produced, rather short,
wrinkled ; posterior side oblique, curved, sloped
upwards at the end, acuminated ; ventral margin
a little contracted in the middle.

Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert.

Pharella Javanica, Adams.

Hab. Java.

Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)

Cultelli-s acuminatus. Cul. testa elongatd, siib-
altenuatd, tenuiiisculd, albidd, epidermide tenui,
olivaceo ; margine dorsali rectiilsculo, margine
ventrali ant ice et post-medium convexo, medio
contracto, versils terminum poslicum acclivi, ad
terminum elevato, acuminato ; latere antico brevius-
culo.

The acumin'.^ted Cultellus. Shell elongated, some-
what attenuated, rather thin, whitish, epidermis
thin, olivaceous ; dorsal margin rather straight,
ventral margin convex before and behind the
middle, contracted in the middle, sloped upward.?
towards the posterior end, raised at the end,
acuminated ; anterior side rather short.

Hanle;t (Solen). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842.

Hab. India.

This species is deeper than Cultellus Javanicus, and

more acuminated at the end.

Species 30. (Mus. Brit.)
Cultellus tenuis. Cul. testA elongatd, valde com-
pressd, tenui, rectiuscidd, epidermide subaured, ad
aream posticam fere evanidd indutd ; latere antico
brevissimo, margine terminali elevato, subrejlexo ;
latere postico elongato, subexpanso, ad terminum-
truncato.
The thin Cultellus. Shell elongated, much com-
pressed, thin, rather straight, covered with a rather
golden epidermis, almost disappearing at the pos-
terior area ; anterior side very short, with terminal
margin raised and partly reflected; posterior side
elongated, rather expanded, truncated at the end.
Gkay in Griffith's Cuvier, Tab. 31, fig. 4.
Hab. Africa.

A singularly shaped shell with a peculiar turn out-
wards of its elevuti'd anterior termination.

August, 187

CULTELLUS.

albidus, Dunker V.

acuminatus, Ilanlei/ VII.

attenuatus, Dunker II.

Australis ? VI.

Belcheri, Gray V.

concinnus, Dnnker ... II.

costatus, (Sa^ III.

mheUus, LinncEus VI.

Cumingianus, Dunker II.

grandis, (?m('/m IV.

Giayanus, Dunker V.

Hanleyi, Dunker II.

Japonicus, Dunker V.

Javanicus, Lamarck VII.

lacteus, Spengler I.

lividus, Dunker I.

lucidiis, Conrad VI.

Marmoratus, T>\mker I.

maxinius, Gmelin I.

10
•20
S
•23
19

20
23

12
17

Plate.

medius, Gray III.

(and PI. VI., fig 9 b.)

mimitus, "Siontagn II.

Nuttali, Conrad III.

olivaceus, 3/ete(z(/e VII.

orientalis, Tinvikex I.

ovaiis, Dunker VI.

pellucidus, Pc«»a?j< II.

politus, Z)unto' II.

pijgnimus, 'La.vaa.rcV II.

radiatus, LinncBus IV.

rostratus, Dunker IV.

scalpellum, &n/>C7% VI.

;>M/cAfT, Dunker V.

subellipticus, Dunker II.

subsulcatus, Soicerhy V.

tenuis, Gray VII.

vitreus, Boissy VI.

Winterianus, Dunker III. V

21

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

C Y C L 0 S T R E M A

" All which are made with wondrous wise respect,
A ad all with admia-able beauty dccH."— Spenser.

(rcbsirana J'l.I.

C Y C L 0 S T R E M A.

Genus CYCLOSTHKN(A, Manjalt.

TeMa orbiculata, depri'ssa, /air nmliilintUi : spini parva,
anfraclibus spiraliter et (■(niceiitrirr, plus 7Hiiiiisve
Urala vcl sulcata. Apirtura inte/jra, hand nacrca,
margiiie acii/o.

Shell orbicular, depressed, broadly umbilicated ; spire
small, whorls spirally and concentrically ridgod or
sulcaU'd. Aperture entire, not pearly, margin
acute.

Some of the smaller species of DelpJiinula resemble
these little shells, which, with Adeorbis and the sub-
genera of both make a natural group. The difference
between the two genera is that Cydostrema has more
external sculpture and a wide umbilicus, which in
Adeorbis is wanting. Of the twenty-three species
included in this genus and its subgenera Daionia,
Tubiola, Microlheca, and Mot-chia, a dozen were found
by Mr. Arthur Adams on the coasts of Japan, half-a-
dozen more wore collected by the late Mr. Cuming
amongst the Philippines, leaving five or six for such
widely distant localities as Britain and Australia,
China and California, &c.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

CVCLOSTREMA CINGITLIFKRA. CyC. tcstt't Orbicuhui,

depressa, a7ifiaclibus rapide crescentibus, n/limo
ca7-inis sex acutissimis, prominentibus cincto ; iim-
hilico lata, piano ; aperturd rotmidd, margine
externa superne laqumto.

The belted Cyclostrema. Shell orbicular, depressed,
whorls quickly increasing, the last encircled with
six prominent, very sharp ribs ; umbilicus wide,
flat ; aperture rounded, outer margin fluted.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Hub. Isl. of Negroes, Philippines. Japan.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

Cyclostrema excavata. Ci/c. testa romplanatd, minu-
ti,-:siiiie spiraliter striatd ; aiij'nicli/ntx rapide cres-
centibus, nltimoanj'ractu infra •iiniulatii. idinplanato;
umbiliro lata ; aperturd obliqiia, vian/iiic tenui.

The excavated Cyclostrema. Shell llattened, very
minutely spirally striated ; whorls rapidly increas-
ing, last whorl angular, flattened beneath ; umbili-
cus broad ; aperture oblique, margin thin.

Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Ilab. China Seas.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)

Ctclostrema sulcata. Cijc. trsiil ,.rhiri,/ari, depressd,
regulariter spiraliter sulcala . >pir,'i rahir depressd ;
ultimo anfractu lata; umbiliro talissiiiio, sulcata;
aperturd fere rotundd.

The sulcated Cyclostr.ema. SIrII orbicular, de-
pressed, regularly spirally sulcated ; spire much
depressed ; last whorl broad ; umbilicus very
wide, grooved ; aperture nearly round.

A. Ai.AMs. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Ilab. Philippines. Japan.

Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Ci

CVCL0STI;EMA VeRRAUXII.

Cyc. testa orbiculatd, de-
j)ressd, spird parvd, anfnirtibus subquadratis,
rapide crescentibus ,- vltiiiin aiifrnclu tricarinato,
carind viediand pnanin, nli. a, I ,i/i, rlurant in lobam
lingntformemprodtui,^ ,■ uiiihi/ir(, mnliarri, planato ;
aperturd magna, labia cvlrnai inj'rd ainjiilato, medio
lingulatim p?-oducto.
Verkaux's Cyclostrema. Shell orbicular, de-
pressed, spire small, whorls rather square, rapidly

June, 187-1.

CYCLOSTREMA.— Plate I.

increasing ; last whorl three-keeled ; middle keel
prominent, produced at the aperture into a tongue-
shaped lobe ; umbilicus middle-sized, flattened ;
aperture large, outer lip angular below, with
tongue-shaped projection in the middle.

Fischer (Adeorbis). Journ. de Conch., pi. 10, f. 13.

Hab. California.

Species 5. (Mus. Adams.)

CrcLOSTRESiA ANAGLTPTA. Cyc. tcstd trocMfomii ,
solidd ; spird exsertd ; ultimo anfractu, earinis
moniliformibus trihus cincto, umbilico lata, planato ;
aperturd rotunda, labia extemo extus crenulato.

The chased Ctclostuema. Shell trochiform, solid ;
spire exserted ; last whorl encircled with three
beaded keels, umbilicus broad, flattened ; aper-
ture rounded, outer lip crenulated outside.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1863.

Hab. Seto-Uchi, Japan.

Species 6. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Ctclostrema cancellata. Ci/c. testd suUenticulari,
depressd ; spird planulatd ; ultimo unfraciu niagno,

medio cannato, supra infrdque carinam costis validis
concentncis et liris interstitialibus spiralibus can-
cellatd ; aperturd magnd ; umbilico mediocri.

The cancellated Cyclosteema. Shell sublenticular,
depressed, spire flattened ; last whorl large, keeled
in the middle, cancellated above and below the keel
with strong concentric ribs and interstitial spiral
ridges ; aperture large ; umbilicus middle-sized.

Maryatt. Trans. Linn. Soc, 1818.

Hab. West Indies. Philippines.

Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Adams.)

Cyclosteema biporcata. Cyc. testd orbiculato-depressd ;
spird planulatd; ultimo anfractu depresso, acute
bicarinato, carind inferiori m,agis prominenti ;
aperturd subrotundd ; labio extemo bilobato ;
umbilico parviusculo.

The two-ridged Cyclostrema. Shell orbicularly de-
pressed ; spire flattened ; last whorl depressed,
with two sharp keels, the lower keel more promi-
nent ; aperture rather rounded ; outer lip two-
lobed ; umbilicus rather small.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1863.

Hab. Seto-Uchi, Japan.

CjdoMrenia FIJI.

YiULenlBTuoks Day i. Son Iraii

C Y C L 0 S T R E M A.

II.

Species 8. (Mas. Crosse.)

Cyclostiiema Sciikammii. C'/c. /cMsiili/i'pirfssii ; spird
stihcoinpliinatd, aiifractihus propi fulnnvu I'xcavatis ;
concentricc obtiqiii litiuinis cxtnutihus ornalis,
superne aaiminalis.

ScHUAMMi's Cyclostukma. Shell subdepressd ; spire
rather flattened, wliorls excavated near the
suture; concentrically oljli(|Ucly ornamented witli
extant lanunre, acuminated aliove.

FiscHEii. Journ. de Cunch., pi. 10, I'. 10.

Ilab. Guadaloup.

Species 9. (Mas. Brit.)

Cyclostrema micans. Ci/c. tcsid depressd, crassd ;
spird pared, depressd ; aii/ractibus conceiitrici
rugatis, concentrice tricariiialis, rwinis nodulifens,
medid niagis prominenti ; apertin-d parvd, rotundd ;
marffine inlegro, crasso, crenulato ; uiMlico parvo.

The shining Cyclo.stukma. Shell dei)ressed, thick ;
spire small, depressed ; whorls concentrically
three-keeled, keels noduliferous, the middle one
more prominent ; aperture, small, round ; margin
entire, thick, crenulated ; umbilicus small.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850.

Cycloslrema pulchella, Dunker.

Cyclostrema modesta, Gould.

llab. Port Lincoln. Japan.

Spe

(Mus. Adams.)

CiXLOSTREMA Ammonocera?. Ci/c. ti'std plimorliculari,
anfractibus depre/sis, costis concentricis crassius-
cidis omatis, inter castas tenuissime striatis; ultimo
anfractu prope suturam et circa umbilicum planato;
timhilico inediocri ; aperturd magna ; labia externa
tenui.

The Ammoxoceiias Cyclostrema. Shell planorbicular,
whorls depressed, ornamented with I'ather thicls;
concentric ribs, finely striated between the ribs ;
last whorl flattened near the suture and round
the umbilicus ; umbilicus middle-sized ; aperture
large ; outer lip thin.

A. Ai.AMs. Ann. and ^Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1803.

llab. Japan.

Species 11. (Fig. </, b, Mus. Brit.)

Cyclostrema l.«vis. Ci/c. featd majuscidd, subdepressd,
Icevigatd, spird paulo elevatd, anfractibus carinatis ;
ultimo anfractu carinis subdistantibus ciiicto ;
umbilico magna, costd marginato, plamdato.

The smooth Cyclosti!Ema. Shell rather large, ratlier
depressed, smooth, spire a little elevated, whorls
keeled ; last whorl encircled with rather distant
keels ; umbilicus large, bordered with a ril), flat.

KiENEU. (Delphinuhi.) Spec. Gen., [.. 12, pi. 4. f. ii.

JJelphinula nivea, Reeve.

Cyclostrerna diastrela, GouKl.

Ilab. Port Lincoln, Australia. Japan.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Cyclostrema .\ngulata. Cyctesld majasculd, depressd;
anfractibus latis ; ultimo anfractu magno, inedio
angulato, supict angulem spinditer costellatd, infrd
medium planato, circa umbilicum carinalo ; umbilico
lata, planato ; aperturd magno, margine externa
angulato.

The a.ngular Cyclostre.ma. Shell rather large, de-
pressed ; whorls broad ; last whorl large, angular
in the middle, spirally ribbed above the angle ;
flattened below the middle, keeled round the um-
id, flattened ; aperture

bilicus ; umbilicu
large, outer margii

A. Adams. Proc. Zool.

//(,//. Isl. Zeba, Philipp

June, 187-1.

IbTI.

CYCLOSTREMA.— Plate II.

species

[Ml

rit.)

Cyclostrema Ref.viana. Cyc. testa majmcidd, con-
centnce regnlariter rugatd ; anfractibus depressis,
costis moniliformihis, cmspicuis cincta ; umhilico
medincri, intiis piano ; aperturd suhoUiqud.

Reeve's Ctclostrema. Shell rather large, concen-
trically regularly -wrinkled; whorls depressed,
encircled with beaded conspicuoiis ribs ; umbili-
cus middle-sized, fiat within; aperture rather
oblitjue.

Hinds. (Delphinula.) Voyage of the Suliihur, p. 52,
pi. 16, f. 17.

Hah. Straits of Malacca.

Species 14. (Mus. Crosse.)

CYCLOSTREifA Beani. Ci/c. tcstd deprcssd, sp)ird plan-
orhuld ; ultiino anfractu paulo sup)rd medium
carinato ; suprd, carinani spiraliter striato ; infra
medium planato ; circa umbilicum angulato ;
umbilico intiis piano ; aperturd expansd ; labia
externa supeitie crenulafo, infra in processum
acute angulatum praducto.

Bean's Cyclostrema. Shell depressed, spire planor-
bular ; last whorl keeled a little above the middle ;
spirally striated above the keel ; flattened below ;
angular round the umbihcus ; umbilicas flat
within ; aperture expanded ; outer hp crenulated

above, produced into an acutely angular process

below.
Fischer. (Adeorbis.) Journ. de Conch.
Hah. Guadaloupe.

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)

Cyclostrema tornata. Cyc. testd depressa-suhglohosd ;
spird subelevatd, anfractibus lente crescentibus,
rotundis, spiraliter sex-castaiis ; aperturd siib-
rotundd ; umbilica parva.

The engine-turned Cyclostrem.a. Shell depressed, sub-
globose ; spire slightly elevated, whorls slowly in-
creasing, round, spirally six-ribbed ; aperture
rather rounded ; umbilicus small.

Arthur Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus, Cyclostrema.
Species 10, f. 13.

Ilab. Japan.

Species 16. (Mus. Brit.)

Cyclostrema cingulata. Cyc. testd valde deprcssd,
carinis acutis prope suturam una, infra, medium
duahus cinctd ; aperturd magiid, triauijulatd ;
umbilico magna, piano.

The encircled Cyclostrema. Shell much depressed,
encircled with one sharp keel near the suture and
two below the middle ; aperture large, trian-
gular ; umbihcus large, flat.

DuNKER. MoUusca of Japan.

Uab. Japan.

Cyclosttmia Pi III.

-^tm}%

^

!% 'A

^.

"Bnccnt BroiilssDsyiSaiiiop

C Y C L 0 S T U E M A.

■■peci

17. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Rrit.)

CvcLosTi'.EMA srii;cr,.\. Ci/c. testii planorhula, com-
preSMi ; spird cxcavald ; anfractibus lapidc cres-
ccntibns, spiralitcr strkilis, prope suturam dec/iris,
Uevil)U.<, ultimo fliyiinctv ; ttmbilico vutMiDO ; aptr-
turd mti'jni'i, margine externa crenulato.

The sriHULA Cvci-OSTiiEMA. Shell jilanorbular, com-
pressed ; spire excavated ; whorls rajiidly in-
creasing, spirally striated, sloped and smooth near
the suture, last disjoined ; umbilicus very large ;
aperture large, outer margin creiuited.

A. Adams. Proe. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 44.

Subgenus Daronin, A. Adams.

Serpidaria t'pindd, II. it A. Adam.s.

TIab. Philijipines.

The shell is named from its resemblance to f:pinda,
being coiled on a plane and having the last whorls a
little apart.

Species 18. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Cyclostrema nivea. Cj/e. testa oblique semiglobosd,
leecijatd, superne convexd, infra snbplanvlatd,
spird pcvdii elevatd, anfractibus rapide crescenti-
bus ; nmbiliai majimo ; (iperturd tiiiiijnd obliiju^
ovatd.

The snowy Cyclostrema. Shell obliquely semiglo-
bose, smooth, convex above, a little flattened
below, spire a little raised, whorls rapidly in-
creasing ; umbilicus very large ; aperture large,
obliquely ovate.

Chemnitz. (Turbo.) Conch. X., pi. 1G5, f. 15, 87, 88.

Delphinula nivea, Philippi.

Tubiola nivea, A. Adams.

Hab. Jajian.

This is the largest of the three species constituting
the subt^enus Tubiola.

Species 10. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

CvcLosTKEJiA OBVOLUTA. Ci/c. testd oblique ovatd,
nujii rnc dipressd, ad laterd compressd ; spird
plaiKitd, vltiino anfractu supenii; infrilque angu-
tato, medio plaimlato; umbilico Udo ; aperturd
oblique ovatd.

The whapped up Cyclostrema. Shell obliquely ovate,
depressed above, compressed at the sides ; spire
flattened, last whorl angular above and below,
flattened in the middle ; umbilicus wide, aperture
obliipiely ovate.

A. Adams. Ann. and iSIag. of Nat. Hist., LsliU ; Proc.
Zool. Soc, 16C,:i.

Ilab. Japan.

Species 20. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

CvcLOSTnEMA CYCLOTIXA. Cyc. tcstd planovliuld, Icevi-
gutd, valde depressd ; spird pkind ; ultimo an-
fractu rapide crescenti, hand contiguo; umbilico
magna, intiis piano; aperturd magnd, suhrotundd,
suprii infrdque obscure aiigulatd.

The LITTLE WHEEL Cyclostrema. Shell planorbular,
smooth, much depressed ; spire flat ; last whorl
rapidly increasing, not contiguous; umbilicus
large, flat within; aperture large, rather rounded,
obscurely angular above and below.

A. Adams. Sowerby's Thesaurus. Species {Daronia) 2,
fig. 35, 36.

Hab. Japan.

A second species of Daronia having, like Sp. 17, a
planorbular coil and slightly disconnected whorls.

June, 1874.

CYCLOSTREMA.— Plate III.

Specieii 21. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Cyclo.stre.ma cornuella. Cyc. testa minutd, globosd ;
spird elevatd ; anfractibus paucis, rotundis ; ultimo
anffactu magna ; wnbilico lato ; aperturd 7-otundd.

The little horn Cyclostresia. Shell minute, globose ;
spire raised; whorls few, rounded; last whorl
large ; umbilicus wide ; aperture rounded.

A. Adams. (Skenea.) Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1860.

Tubiola cornuella, A. Adams, 1863.

Hab. Japan.

Species 22. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Hanley.)

Cyclostrema divisa. Cyc. testa turhinatd, spird ele-
vatd, apice ohtuso ; anfractibus tribus, rotinulis ;
ultimo anfractu oblique declivi, a penultimo
separata ; aperturd oblique ovatd.

The divided Cyclostrema. Shell turbinated, spire
elevated, apex obtuse ; whorls three, rounded ;
last whorl obliquely sloped downwards, separated
from the penultimate ; aperture obliquely ovate.

J. Adams. (Turbo.) Forbes and Hanley's British Mol-

lusca.
Helix serpnloides, Montagu.
Hab. British Seas.

Species 23. (Mus. Adams.)

CVCLOSTKEMA CRENULIFERA. CyC. fCStd Crassd, ;

late umbilicatd, longitudinaliter plicuto-rugatd ;
suturd canal iculatd ,■ anfractibus ad suturam cre-
nulatis ; aperturd siibrotundd; labia externa in-
crassato, arcuato ; umbilico ad marginem crenato.

The crenul.\ted Cyclostkema. Shell thick, globose,
broadly umbilicated, longitudinally wrinkled in
plaits ; suture canaliculated ; whorls crenulated
at the suture ; aperture rather rounded ; outer
lip thickened, curved; umbilicus crenatod at the
margin.

A. Adams. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 18C3

Isunda crenuUfera, A. Adams.

Hab. Japan.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

P H A R U S,

' Earth vnth a thousand voices praises God.'" — i'ohridge.

i^^^^s^-s^ssssw

.^^\

I'll dim

'^ceot Brooks Dsy^^Sonkp

PH ARUS.

Genus PIIAP.US, Lench.

Testa compressa, suhaequilateralis, epideiiiiide tenni in-
(hUa ; interne siibtiis umhones casta validd perpen-
(liailari miinita ; cardo dentibus in vahd dextrd
tribus ; in valca sinistra uno ccnlrali, vno bijido
laterali armatus. Impressio musailaris antica
clongata, Iioriiontalis. Impressio p(dUi sinuafa.

Shell comjirosseil, subcquilater;il, with a thin epidermis ;
internally under the umhones provided with a strong
perpendicidar rib ; hinge armed with three teeth
in the right valve, and a bifid lateral one and a
central one in the left. Anterior muscular im-
pression elongated, horizontal. Impression of the
mantle sinuated.
Syn. Solecurtoides, Desmoulins.
Pallia, UOrbigny.
Ceratisolen, Forbes.

The single species that is known of this genus lias a
rather wide geographical range. Like So/ccurlus it lias
a central hinge, but a very compressed, elongated

form ; and the interior is strengthened liy an umbonal
rib. The foot of the animal is rather peculiar.

Species 1.

PiL\!iUs LEni'.MF.N. Pha. tcstd tenui, compressa, palli-
dissim'c roseo-fnlvescenii ; latere antico breviitsculn,
attenuato ; marcjine dorsali declivi j latere postico
oblongo, late, truneato, obtuse angulato ; epidermide
tcmii, extra marginem testd extensd.

TuE BEAN-POD Phakus. Shell thin, compressed, very
pale fulvous-rose ; anterior side rather short,
attenuated ; dorsal margin sloped ; posterior side
oblong, broad, truncated, obtusely angular ; epi-
dermis thin, extended beyond the margin of the
shell.

L1NN.EUS. Systema Natura?.

Ilah. Jlediterranean. — Red Sea. — Senegal.- British
Islands.

August, 1874.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

MEGASPERA.

' All hymn Thy glory. Lord, aright.
All worahip and rejoice." — Keblf.

Mcqa.spira PI .1.

'owerbyadellitli VmcentBropke DayiSoaH^

M E G A S P III A.

Plate I.

Genus MEGASPIRA, L(

Testa tfiTestris, eloirQato-cylimlracca, vniUifjiiralh, aptrii
tlongatd, aperttcrd parvd, labia cxterno tenuiler re-
Jlexo, cohimelld tripUcatd ; labia inierno ad anj'rac-
tum ultinmm uniplicato.

Shell terro.stri:il, elongated, cylindrical, many-wliorled
spiral, spire elongated, aperture small, outer lip
thinly reflected, columella three-plaited ; inner hp
single-plait on the last whorl.

There are but two species, liotli 15razilian, of this
singularly formed genus of land shells.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowcrby.)

MEGASrii:.\ ELATinit. Meg. tesid stibci/liiiclricd, mnhiJi-
catd, ad apicem ohtusd, thm pauld injlatd, deinde
sulcontractd, pauld supra medium et infrd len-
tissimi crcsccnii, anfractibiis viginii-duobits, loiiyi-
tttdinaliter inicmiptim J'usco stn'ijatis, tenuiter et
crebre coslellatd, calumelld brcvi, ad ultimum an-
fractum iiicrassata, triplicalo ; apcvturd anticc
sitbquadrafd.

The higher Megaspira. Shell subcyhndrical, um-
bilicated, obtuse at the apex, then a little inflated.

afterwards rather contracted, a little above the
middle and below very slowly increasing, whorls
twenty-two, longitudinally striped with interrupted
brown, finely and closely ribbed, columella short,
thickened at the last whorl, three-plaited :
aperture anteriorly subijuadrate.

Snx. Shells of Brazil'

Ilab. Brazil.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, JIus. Sowerby.)
Megaspira elata. Meg. testd angustd, cijlindricd, apice
obtiiso, niij'raciibusnumerosis, tcntissimc crescenlibus ;
longiliidiiialite?- teniiissime striafis ; aperturd sub-
nvatd ; cohmeUd uniplicatd ; ultimo anfractu ad
labiinn internum vnlplicafo.
The elated Megaspira. Shell narrow, cylindrical,
apex obtuse, whorls numerous, very slowly
increasing ; longitudinally very finely striated ;
I aperture subovate ; columella single-plaited ; last

whorl with a single plait at the inner lip.

! Gould ?

Hah. Brazil.

More narrow and cylindrical than Megaspira elata,
I with only one plait on the columella. The whorls are
I also more finely striated.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

C H I L 1 N A,

Thy j)ow"r diviuc, aud botinty beyond thought,

Adored and jiraiscd iu all that 'Hiou hast wrought."— CuMipo

miina Pl.I.

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C H I L I N A.

Genus CHILIXA, Gray.

Testa fluviatilis, tenuis, ovata, ventricosa, epidermide
olivaceo induta, ■plerumque fasciis maculisque picta ;
aperiura oblonga; columella incrassata, plusminusve
plicata; lahio externa acuta.

Shell fluviatilo, thin, ovate, ventricose, covered with an
olive epidermis, generally painted with bands and
spots; aperture oblong; columella tliickeiied,
more or less plicated ; outer lip sharp.

Sy„. D(.mhei/u, Orbigny. Mi, Lea. FotamophUa,
Swainson.

Although some species of Limnixa approach the
ChiUnce in form and habit, and are also freshwater
molluscs, there is no difficulty in distinguishing sheila
of the two genera. The shells of the Cl'ilince are
always striped or spotted under the epidermis, and the
columella is thickened, more or less plaited. All the
species inhabit the warm regions of South America.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

CniLiXA KLUViATiLis. Chi. tcstd parvo., ovaU'i, mnndis
fluctuosis JUsdatim pictd, intits rosed ; spird hreri,
conicd, columella antice recta, medio uniplicatd.

The FLUViATiLE Chilina. Shell small, ovate, painted
with fluctuating spots in bands, pink within ;
sf>ire short, conical, columella straight anteriorly,
with one plait in the middle.

Grav, in Brit. Mus. Sowerby's Conchological Illustra-
tions, fig. 5.

Hah. Chili.

Species 2. (Fig. a, h (and PI. III.), fig. c, Mus. Brit.)

,INA FLUl

purpurei

Chilina fluminka. Chi. testa ovatd,temii, pai
siihquadratis in scriehas qi

maculis
uir dis-

tinctis notatd; t^pird siibproductd, anfractibus parvis,
comwiiusculis ; cahimclld crassd, pilanatd, plicis
duabus, und ad, nudinm, altera siiprd medium
armatd.

The streamlet Chilina. Shell ovate, thin, small,
marked witli four rows of purple, rather square
distinct spots ; spire rather produced, whorls few,
rather convex ; columella thick, flattened, armed
with two plaits, one at the middle and one above.

Gi:av. Spicilegia Zoologica, p. 5; Conch. 111. fig. 7.

Hab. S. America.

species

(Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

CaiLiNA MA.ioR. Chi. testa ovato-ven.rli'.osd, interniptum
quadri/asdatd, intus fused ; spird breviHsculd,
anfractibus ohliise anijulatis, ultimo luaximo, ventri-
cosa ; columella oblique biplicatd.

The large Cuilina. Shell oval, ventricose, inter-
ruptedly four-banded, brown within ; spire rather
short, whorls obtusely angular, the last very large,
ventricose ; columella obliquely two-plaited.

SowERBT. Malacological Magazine, part 2 ; Conch. 111.
fig. 7.

Bab. S. America.

This Very large species is very characteristic of the
genus to which it belongs.

Species -1. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Brit.)

Chilina Dombeyana. Chi. testd ohlongd, ovatd, intus
fused; st7-igis fe.xuosis in seriebus tribus pictd;
spird productd ; anfractibus obtuse angulatis ; aper-
turd oblongd, labia externa svprd medium sinuatim
produclo ; columella crassd, latd, medio, plica crassd
munitd.

Domuey's Chilina. Shell oblong, ovate, brown within ;

August, 187 I

CIIILINA.— Plate I.

painted with flextious stripes in three rows ; spire
produced ; whorls obtusely angular ; aperture
oblong, with the outer lip S'nuously produced
above the middle ; columella thick, broad,
strengthened in the middle by a thick islait.

SowEEBV. Conchological Illustrations, fig. 11.

Hab. Chih.

Species 5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

CuiLiNA EOBUSTIOR. Chi. testd brevi, crasm, ventrkosd,
pallide fused, fasciis numerosis angulatim maculalis
pictd, mtus subcceruled; spird breviUsculd, suh-
conicd, anfractihus paucis, obtusissime angulatis ;

ultimo suhventricoso ; aperturd subovatd, labia ex-
tei-no intus incrassato ; columelld crassd, plicis und
mac/nd, infra medium, alterd parvd, obliqud, supra
medium munitd.

The eobu.st Chilina. Shell short, thick, ven-
tricose, pale brown, painted with numerous an-
gularly-spotted bands, bluish within ; spire
rather short, rather conical, whorls few, very
obtusely angular ; last whorl rather ventricose ;
aperture somewhat ovate, outer lip thickened
within ; columella thick, strengthened with one
large plait below, and another small, oblique above
the middle.

SowERBY. Malacological Magazine; Conch. III. fig. 1.

Hab. S. America.

aiilinaFin.

4

™

C H I L I N A.

Plate II.

Species G. (Fig. a, h, IMus. Brit.)

CniLiNA ACUMINATA. CM. testi'i ovatd, utrinquc acnmi-
nat'i, tenui, levitei; maculatim fasciatd, apcrlwu
spirmn longitudine aquante ; columella obllqiir
hiplicatd.

The acuminated Chilina. Sliell ov.al, acuminated
at each end, thin, slightly banded with spots,
aperture eqvialHng spire iu length ; columella
obliquely two-plaited.

SOWERBY.

Hub. Baldivia.

This, like the succeeding species, has a thin columella
with two small, oblique folds, but the form is so
different that it would be a groat anomaly to associate
the two sheila under one specitic name.

(Fig. 0. r.) Species 10. Mus. Brit.

CniLi.N'A ovalis. Chi. teftd ovatd, iiiitriilato-fasciatd,
iittus fuhvinlaced ; spird acuininatd ; ajhrtiird
tsiibovatd, columelld arcuatd, tenui, ohtiqui' liipli-
catd.

The oval Ciiilina. Shell ovate, banded with spots,
rather violet within; spire acuminated ; aperture
rather ovate, columella arched, thin, oldiquely
biplicate.

SowERRY. Malacological Magazine, PI. 2, Conch.
lUus. f. 6.

Ifab. Peru.

Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Chilina fluctuosa. Chi. testa subttirbinatd, suhovatd,
tenui, striyis fasciatim imdulatis, subdistantibus
longitudinalibus or-natd ; anfractibus superne sub-
gibbosis, columelld uniplicatd.
TeE fluctuating Chilina. Shell rather turbinated,
rather ovate, thin, ornamented with rather distant
longitudinal stripes undulated in bands ; whorls
rather gibbous above, columella single-plaited.

Gr.w. Spicilegia Zoologica, t. 6, f 10, Conch. Ilh:

fig. 2.
Hah. S. Ai

The shell figured in the Conchological Illustrations
hardly seems to correspond with the shells in the
British Museum to which Mr. Gray's name is attached.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
LMPri.i.ACEA. Chi. ti'Std vcntricosissimd, fasciis

pai.

piictd, intiis fused ; aperturd
rotuiidd ; columelld indistincte
cvi, anfractibus superne sub-

Shell

maculatis
magnd, antid laid
plicatd ; spird b
plaaulatis.

The ixflated Ciiilina. Shell very veutricose, painted
with few sjiotted bands, lirown within ; aperture
large, broad anteriorly, rounded ; columella in-
distinctly plaited ; spire short ; whorls rather
flattened above.

Sowerby. Malacological Magazine, PL 2, Conch. Illus.
fig. 3.

Hab. S. America.

Much more inflated than Chilina Major.

Species 9. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Chilina girbosa. Chi. testd brevi, subovatd, solidd,
spiralitcr strigatd, immaculatd; aperturd ovatd,
magnd, albd ; columelld rectd, elongatd, crassd,
medio imijtlicatd, plied crassd, obliqud; spird
brovissi7nd ; anfractibus superne planulatis.

The gibbous Chilina. Shell short, rather oval, solid,
spirally striped, not spotted ; aperture ovate, large,
white ; columella straight, elongated, thick, single-
plaited in the middle, plait thick, oblique ; spire
very short ; whorls flattened above.

Sowerby. Malacological JIagazine, PI. 2, Conch. lUus.
fig. 4,

Hah. S. America.

August, 1874.

ChOina PI. HI

I

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Sower'bj del el lilli

VmLsm-Brcoks T>»'S Son.liif

C 11 I L I N A.

(Fig. 2 c, Mus. Brit.)
CUILINA FLU.MINEA, vai'., See Platc I.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Chilina Puelciia. Chi. testd ovati'i, macidit! quadratis
infasciis quatuor dispositis ornatd, iiitus alhl, inaculis
purpureis quadratis pictd ; spird brevi, anfractibua
obtuse angulatis ; columella tenui, infni plied tenui,
obliqvd, suprd plied majori munitd.

The " Puelciia " Chilina. Shell ovate, ornamented
with square spots disposed in four rows, white
within, painted with purple spots ; spire short,
whorls obtusely angular ; columella thin, strength-
ened with a thin oblique rib below, and a larger
one above.

Orisigny. MS. Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. fig. 13.

Hab. Boldivia.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

Chilina Patagonica. Chi. testd oblonga, maculato-
fasciatd ; spird brevi, anfractibus superne obtuse
angulatis, ultimo magno, lateribus rectiiiseulis ;
aperturd ovatd, intils purpureo seiiatim maculato ;
columelld crassd, plied crassd in medio munitd.

The Patagonian Chilina. Shell oblong, spot- banded ;
spire short, whorls obtusely angular above, the
last large, with rather straight sides; aperture
ovate, with rows of purple spots inside ; columella
thick, strengthened with a thick plait in the
middle.

Sowerby.

Hab. Patagonia.

There is a cylindrical, straight-sided appearance
about this shell that seems to distingvush it.

Species 13. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Chilina Tehuelcha. Chi. testd solidd, ovato-subcylin-
draced, tenuiter fasciatim strigatd ; spird brevi,
conicd, anfractibus superne angulatis, subplanulatis,
ultimo subrecto, aperturd magnd, columelld lata,
crassd, irregulariter et obscure biplicatd.

The " Teiiuelca " Chilina. Shell solid, ovate-sub-
cylindrical, thinly striped in bands; spire short,
conical, whorls angular above, rather flattened,
aperture large, columella broad, thick, irregularly
and obscurely biplicate.

Ordigny. MS. Sowerby, Conch. Illustr. fig. 9.

Hab. S. America.

A rather solid species, with very stout columella.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Chilina elegans. Chi. testd tenui, ovatd, utrinqtti
acuminatd, subtiis epidermidem eleganter lineis
fasciatim undulatis pictd ; spird acuminatd, pro-
ductd ; aperturd ovatd, antic'e subattcnuatd ; coho-
irtelld medio uniplicatd.

The elegant Chilina. Shell thin, ovate, acuminated
at each end, elegantly painted with lines undulated
in bands ; spire acuminated, produced ; aperture
ovate, anteriorly subattenuated ; columella with
a single plait in the middle.

Fairfield. MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. Boldivia.

Species 15. (Mi

• ? copied.)

Chilina tenuis. Chi. testd tenui, subovatd, subturbinatd,
intils fused, undulatim, pictd ; spird conicd, acu-

August, 187

CHILINA.— Plate III.

tninatd; columelld angusid, rectiusculd, oblique el
tenuiler hiplicatd.

The thin Chilina. Shell thin, subovate, rather tur-
binated, brown within, painted with undulations ;
spire conical, acuminated ; columella narrow,
rather straight, obliquely and thinly two-plaited.

Gr.AT. Sowerby, Conch. Illustrations, fig. 12.

Hah. S. America.

The second figure given in the Conchological Illus-
trations for Chilina tenuis is that of a C. Jluctuosa.

Species 16. (Mus. Brit.)

Chilina fasciata. CM. testd ovatd, tenui, fasciis in-
terniptis tribus ciiictd ; spird acuminata, anfractibus
convexiilsculis, ultimo magna, ovato ; columelld infrd
tortud medio oblique hiplicatd.

The banded Chilina. Shell ovate, thin, encircled
with three interrupted bands ; spire acuminated,
whorls rather conve.x, the last large, ovate;
columella tortuous below, with two oblique folds
in the middle.

Gould ?

Hab. S. America.

The bands of this species
interrupted.

soft and not distinctly

Species 17. (Mus. Brit.)
Chilina suBCYHNDniCA. Cbi. testd ovato-subcylindricd,

intiis,fusco-purpiirascenti, spi)-d productd, anfrac-
tibus superne angulatis, declivibus, ultimo ad latera
i-ectiibsculo, aperturd suhovaid, labia externa intus
incrassato ; columelld plicis uiid superiori magnd,
alterd inferiori parvd, munitd.
The subcylindrical Chilina. Shell ovate, sub-
cylindrical, purplish-brown, spire produced,
whorls angular above, sloped, the last rather
straight at the sides, aperture subovate, outer
lip thickened within ; columella strengthened with
an upper large plait, and a lower small one.

SOWERBT.

Hab. Ancud, Chili.

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)

Chilina Parchappii. Chi. testd oblongo-ovatd, pallide
corned, tenui, strigis parvis undulatis rubris in
fascius tribus aut quatuor dispositis ornatd ; spird
subattenuatd, anfractibus declivibus, ultimo ovato,
superne subangulato ; columelld superne uniplicald,
infra tortud.

Parchappi's Chilina. Shell oblong-ovate, pale horny,
thin, ornamented with small red undulated stripes,
disposed in three bands ; spire rather attenuated,
whorls sloped, the last ovate, rather angular
above ; columella single-plaited above, tortuous
below.

Orbigxt. Synopsis. Sowerby's Conchological Illustra-
tions, fig. 8.

Hab. Conception Island.

MONOGRAPH

OK THE CxENUS

P H Y S A,

None can express Thy works, but he that knows them." — Gcory: H- rh,rl.

Bivm PL/.

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Sowerbv del et. I.ith

VincenLBroote. Day 5c Son,!

F II Y S A.

Genus PIIYSA, Draparnaud.

Testa Jliiri'tli/is, ronua, tenuis, spiralis, sinlstrorsrf,

■plertniiqiie ovato-iiciiminafa ; labia e.rterno aciita,

siiiiplii-i ; labia interna expanso, cum roluniella cvn-

timio ; columella tortua, uniplirata. Operculum

nullum.

Shell (luviutiio, horny, thin, spiral, sinistral, gonorally

ovate acuminated ; outer lip sharp, simple ; inner

lip expanded, continuous with the columella;

columella tortuous, single-plaited. Operculum

none.

The Physa;, like the other Lynuia-da?, are fnuml in

ponds, rivers, and fountains. Many of the older spicies

are North American and many of the newer ones are

Australian. We have a couple in Great Britain, and

there are others in other parts of Kurope. South Africa

and India abound in species, which on the whole seem

to flourish best in warm countries where ruiming

streams are to be found.

trans-
'uald;

Species 1. (Mus. Sowerby.)

PlIVSA I'ONTIN.iLls. P/(//. testa tenui, H
lucidA, pallidefulvd, ovatd ; npird brer
aperturd ohliqud, cvlumelld albd, tenui, tarlh
plied subprominenti ; labia interna teuui^^iiiia.

The kount.mn Piiysa. Shell thin, shining, transparei
pale fulvous, ovate ; spire short, acuminated ; ape
ture oblique, columella white, thin, tortuous, witi
rather jjrominent fold ; inner lip very thin.

Linnaeus (Bulla). Systema Naturce.

Ilab. Great Britain; France; Europe generally.
Mostly found in standing pools and small streai

near fountains.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
PuvsA Africana. Phi/, testa ovato-tumidd, solidiilsculd,
nitenli, olii}aced,fasciis paucisfuscis longitialinalibus

ornata ; spira
gibbosis ; columella, h,

anj'ractibus siipierue
albd, crassd in anijuluiii

The Afuicax Pin

Shell tumid-ovate, rather solid,

shining, olivaceous, ornamented with a few brown
longitudinal bands; spire very short, whorls
gibbous above; columella short, white, thick,
produced into a tooth-like angle.

Krauss. Sudafriken Mollusken.

Phijsopsis Africana, Adams.

Hab. Cape of Good 11. .pe.

The prominent tuoth-like angle of the short columella

i.s so remarkable that it has been supposed by some to

justify a generic separation.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Physa ancili.ai;ia. Pbi/. testa orato-obloiigd, pallide
corn,,!, hine-illic fiiscu faseiiitil, spird breviusculd,
aufructibiis a/,;e„li/„is pareis, j>: uultiwo ma,jno,
ultimo ohivu'jn. jiiKpe siitiiraiii tuiiiido: aperturd
ovatd, labia iuterun ralido .- eviumelld torttid, plica
vuiderate consjiimd.

The nA.\D5iAiL> Physa. Shell ovate-oblong, pale
horny, here and there banded with brown, spire
rather short, apical whorls small, penultimate
large, last oblong, tumid near the suture ; aperture
ovate, inner lip strong ; cohunella fold tortuous,
plait moderately conspicuous.

Say. Haldeman's Archives, PI. II. f. 1.

Bab. Pennsylvania.

Species i. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Physa inflata. Pb;/. tcstd ylobosd, injlatd, brevi,
pallidij'iilr.i, ran) fasco fasciatd, spird brevissimd,
aiif'riielii ujiieiili uduuto, secundo inflata ; idtimo
valde iiijlala; ullrd a.eeiu. producto ; aperturd ro-
tunda, ruluuielld areiiatd, jdicd eleratd.

The inflateii Phvsa. Shell globose, inflated, short,
pale fulvous, here and there banded with brown,
spire very short, with apical whorl minute, the
second intlated, the last much inflated, produced
beyond the a.^s; aperture rounded, columella
arched, plait raised.

Adams and An ;as. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hub. S. Australia.

November, 1874.

PHYSA.— Plate I.

Species 5. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Phtsa subinflata. Phy. testa brevi, inflatd, ovato-
acuminatd, pallide corned; spird brevi, acummatd ;
aitfractibus rapidi crescentibus, ultimo inflato, ovali;
aperturd subpyriformi ; 7nargine vix contracto ;
cobimelld obliqvd, plica vix conspicud.

The scbinflated Phtsa. Shell short, inflated, ovately
acuminated, pale horn ; spire short, acuminated ;
whorls rapidly increasing, the last inflated, oval ;
aperture rather pyriform, with margin scarcely
contracted, columella oblique, fold scarcely con-
spicuous.

Sowerby.

Hob. S. Australia.

Much more ovate and acuminated than either Plujsa

iiiflata or Fh. Newcombi, with the latter of which it i*

associated in the text.

Spc

C. (Mus. Brit.)

Phvsa AlicijE. Phy. testa suhovatd, fumoso-fuscd, liris
spiralibus subdistantibus, paulo clevatis, ciliatis et
striis longitudinalibus cancellaid ; spird brevi,
acuminata, ultimo anfractu prope suiwam angv-
lato ; aperturd suhovatd, magna, plied, conspicud.

Alice's Physa. Shell subovate, smoky-brown, can-

cellated with rather distant sliglitly elevated,
ciliated ridges and longitudinal striae ; spire short,
acuminated, the last whorl angulated near the
suture ; aperture rather oval, large, plait con -
spjicuous.

Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hub. India.

Species 7. (Figs. 7 and 7 b, c, Plate XI.
Mus. Sowerby.)

Physa HTPNOnuii. Phy. testd elongald, acuminata,
nitenti, succined ; spird aperturam longitudine
cequanti, anfractibus paucis obliquis, attenuatis ;
aperturd angustd, plied columcUari conspicud,
tortud.

The moss Phtsa. Shell elongated, acuminated, shining,
amber coloured ; spire equalling aperture in
length, whorls few, oblique, attenuated ; aperture
narrow, columella plait conspicuous, tortuous.

LINN.EUS (Bulla). Systema Naturae.

Hah. Great Britain ; France ; Eurojie generally ;
United States (var. 7 b).
The specimen figured (7 b) from Michigan near the

Rapids is much larger than the European examples, but

presents all the same characteristics.

Flivsn FIJI

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Soweiby del ei. Liii

VmccnlBrooksDiji: Sonjmp

P H Y S A,

II.

Species 8. (Mus. Sowerby,)

Physa acuta, rhy. tesld ovaU'i, trmiflucidi'i, pallkle
corned, politd; spird acuminald ; apcrturd si'iiii-
ocatd, intiis prope marginem paido incrassatd; plird
i-nhimellari vix prominent i, rectiuscuhi.

The aoite Phtsa. Shell ovate, transiucid, pale horn,
polished; spire acuminated; aperture setniovate,
a little thickened within near the margin ; colu-
mellar fold scarcely prominent, rather straight.

DRAPAliNALI). Mollusca, p. OO, pi. Ji, f. 10, 11.

Hab. Sicily.

This species, which resembles F!ii/m j'dnliiuills in
some respects, differs from it in the production and
sharpness of the apex.

Species 9. (Mus. Sowerby.)

PiiYSA HiLPnETiiiAN.E. Phi/, tesid ovatn-ohhiiffd, ienui,
semipt'llucidd, corned, /"iisco-griscsccnti, fa.tciis
pallide fulvis distnntibus oniatd ; aperturd inths
cnstaned ; columelld siihtortud, albidd.

Hildueth's Physa. Shell ovate-oblong, thin, semi-
pellucid, homy, greyish brown, ornamented with
distant jiale fulvous bands ; aperture chestnut
within ; columella rather tortuous, whitish.

llab. Michigan.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa Nov.e IIui.laxih^. P////. t^std sidifnsiformi,
fumoso-strnmined ; fpird pruductd, acuminald; an-
fractibiis rotundis, apicaliins minutis, ultimo aii-
fractu brevi aperturd fere alhd, spirani longitudine
ce.quanti ; plied columellari tortud, conspicud.

The New Holland Physa. Shell subfusiform, smoky-
straw-coloureJ ; spire produced, acuminated ;
whorls round, apical ones small, last whorl sliort ;

aperture nearly white, equalling the spire in
length ; columellar plait tortuous, conspicuous.

Blainville. Malacologie, pi. 37, fig. 3.

Ual>. New Holland.

Species 11. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Phvsa Maugei!i.«. Phy. testa ovato-subpyramidatd,
jxi/itissimd, fusco-grisesceiiii, strirjis albis longitu-
dinalibus interniptisnumero.^ie nulaid ; .<pird brevi :
versus apicem nigricanti ; uliiiiin aiifi<irtii magno,
subcylindraceo,po!tice siibalti /iioifii, antice mibtrun-
cato ; aperturd pallidd, elongatd, ptjriformi, plied
columellari compressd, rectihsculd, albd.

Mauger's Physa. Shell ovate-subpyramidal, very
shining, greyish brown, marked with numerous
white longitudinal interrupted stripes ; spire short,
darkening towards the apex; last whorl large,
subcylindrical, posteriorly subattenuated, anteriorly
somewhat truncated ; aperture pale, elongated,
jiyriform, columellar fold compressed, rather
straight, white.

QuOY. Voy. de FAstrolabe.

Ilab. Jamaica.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Physa Peruviana. Phy. testd anguste pyramidatd,
politissimd, plumbed vel subaured vel stramined ;
spird attenuatd, acuminatd, anfractibus postice
atteiinatis ; ultimo anfractu antice injlato, subtrvn-
cato ; aperturd longiilscidd, antice latiiisculd, intics
aurcd vel pallide rosed ; plied columellari tenui,
retrorswn obliquatd.

The Peruvian Physa. Shell narrowly pyramidal, very
shining, plum-coloured or rather golden or straw-
coloured ; spire attenuated, acuminated, whorls
jiosteriorly attenuated; last whorl anteriorly
inllatcd, subtruncated ; aperture rather long

February, 1873.

PIIYSA.— Plate II.

anteriorly rather broad, golden within or pale
pink ; columellar fold thin, turned obliquely back-
wards.

Grat. Spicilegia Zoologica, p. 5, pi. 6, fig. 10.

Hab. Guayaquil, Peru.

More slender and tapering than Phtjsa Maugerue.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

PursA AURANTIA. Phj. tesfii inflatd, subpipruiiiilata,
aunmtio-fiisci'i, i^olitissimd, fills aureis inuliilatis
postice magls numerosis strigatd, fascia uurea spirali
prope suturam marginatd ; aperturd pi/riformi,
iiitus aureo-fuscd, labia interna expanso.

The orangk-coloured Phtsa. Shell inflated, sub-
pyramidal, orange-brown, very shining, striped
with golden, undulated, threads more numerous
posteriorly ; bordered near the suture with a
golden spiral band ; aperture pyriforra, golden-
brown within, inner lip expanded.

? MS. Mus. Brit.

Hab. Mexico.

Species. 14. (Mus. Brit.)

PiiYSA SOLIDA. Phy. testa ovatd, crassitisculd, ruhro-
fuscd, fascia pallide subaured longitudinalitcr hinc
illio strigatd; spird breviiiscnld, subacuminatd ;
aperturd inliisflavidd, rubra-fusco propl' marginem
fasciatd, plied columellari tortuosd.

The solid Physa. Shell ovate, rather thick, red-
brown, longitudinally striped here and there with
a pale golden band ; spire rather short, sub-
acuininated ; aperture yellowish within, banded
near tlie margin with reddish brown columellar
plait tortuous.

Philippl ? (Adams, Genera.)

Ilab. Tennessee, United States.

A somewhat thick-set species, of dark horn colour
with an occasional light band.

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)

Phvsa vinosa. Phi/, testa brevi, inflatd, suhovatd,
rubrofiiscd ; spird brevi, honied; aperturd magna,
intiis castaned ; plied columeUari crassikscnld.
torltid.

The vinous Putsa. Shell short, inflated, subovate.
red brown ; spire short, conical ; aperture large,
chestnut within, columellar fold rather thick,
tortuous.

Gould. Expedition Shells.

Hub. Lake Superior.

Species 16. (Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa ixfluvi.\ta. PIiij. jiyrajiiidatd, pastice attenuatd.
antiue inflatd, subtruncatd, politissimd, fusco-
aurantid, versils apicem vinosd ; spird angustd,
elongatd, acuminatd ; aperturd lata ; spiram longi-
tudine parvum siiperanti ; nltimo anfractu antice
valde inflato.

The river Physa. Shell pyramidal, posteriorly
attenuated, anteriorly inflated, subtruncated, miich
polished, orange-brown, vinous towards the
aperture; spire narrow, elongated, acuminateil ;
aperture wide, a little longer tliun the spire, last
whorl much inflated anteriorly.

Morelet. ?

Hab. Guatemala.

This species belongs to the same group with Phy.m

Maugerice, aurantia, Peruviana, &c., but is more jiyri-

form than either.

riivsa run.

I

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i

VmcentPioolffi D.iji Sub Imp

P li Y S A.

Plate III.

Species 17. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pjiys.\ tabul.\t.\. Phy. (cstd injlatd, solidd, hrevi,
fusco-subviridi ; spird obtusd, breviitsculd, anfrac-
tibits subquadratis, prope suturam planulatis ; an-
fraclii ultimo mat/no, rotundathii ani/iilo ; apcrlurn
latd, iiitits pallidd, antire siibaciimiiiatd, labia in-
teriio nilido, plied columellari crassd, tortuosd.

The TAiiULATKD Phtsa. Shell inllated, solid, short,
greenish brown; spire obtuse, rather short,
whorls rather square, flattened near the suture;
last whorl large, roundly angular ; aperture wide,
pale within, slightly acuminated within, inner lip
strong, columeHar Ibid thick, tortuous.

GniLi. ?

Uab. New Zealand.

Kemarkable for the flatness of the wliorls above the

Species 18. (Fig. a, i, Mus. Brit.)

PllYSA Carinata. Phi/, testa subci/lindricd, ienui,
pallide stramined, postice latiiisculd ; spird bi-evis-
simd, truncatd, anfractibus superne carinatis, supra
carinam planulatis; ultimo anfractu antice sub-
angustato ; aperturd oblongd, autice acuminatd,
plied columellari tenui, leviter tortud.

The keeled Physa. Shell subcylindrical, thin, pale
straw, posteriorly rather wide ; spire very short,
truncated, whorls keeled above, flattened above
the keel; last whorl anteriorly rather narrow,
aperture oblong, anteriorly acuminated, colu-
meUar fold slightly tortuous.

H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Uab. Boyne River.

Not so flat at the top as Physa Eeevii, Ad. and Ang.,
having one or more whorls inserted.

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)

Pin'SA i\tegra. Phi/, suliovatd, niigusti'dsculd, politd,
fidco-corned, pellucidd ; spird exsei-td, anfractibus
cunvexis, distiiictis ; ultimo anfractu cylindraceo ;
aperturd subelongatd, intus prope marginem parvum
iiicrasmtd ; jilicd columellari breviuscidd, tortud.

TuE INTEGRAL PuvsA. Shell subovate, rather narrow,
polished, fulvous, horn-coloured, pellucid ; spire
produced, whorls convex, distinct ; last whorl
cylindrical, aperture rather lengthened, a little
thickened within near the margin, columellar i'uld
rather short, tortuous.

IIaldk.man. Monograph.

Ilab. Mohawk Bay.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa trunxata. Ph;i- tiMd tcmii, turbinatd, subriride
fused : spird pinna, laid, truncatd, anfractibiis
carinutis ; aperturd niignsid, iiitiis pallidHpurpureo-
7-osed, antice mbdttiituatd, plied columellari teiivi,
valdi; tortuosd.

The truncated Physa. Shell thin, turbinated,
greenish-l)r(jwn ; spire Hat, broad, truncated,
whorls keeled, aperture narrow, pale purple rose-
coloured within, a little attenuated anteriorly,
columellar fold thin, very tortuous.

H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc. (not Ph. truncata, Ferr.)

Ilah. Birdekin lliver.

This, like Physa Reevii, Ad. and Aug., has the spire
quite flat, but the aperture tends to narrow towards
the anterior termination.

Species 21. (Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa Newcombl Phy. testa ovato-subglobnsd, aureo-
straminen ; spird e.esertd, aeuniinatd, anfractihui
rotundis, distiiictis; uitiino anfractu iiiagno, brtciics-

Febru.ary, 1873.

PHY SA.— Plate III.

culo, rotundato, mhstriato, post columellam ex-
cavate ; aperturd magnd, latd, intus pallide rosed ;
jtlica columellai-t rectimcida, elongatd, lahio externo
oblique producto.

Newcomb's Phtsa. Shell ovate-subglobose, golden
straw-coloured ; spire produced, acuminated,
^whorls rounded, distinct ; last wliorl large, rather
short, rounded, slightly striated, hollow behind
the columella ; aperture large, broad, pale rose
within, columellar fold rather straight, elongated ;
outer lip obliquely produced.

Adams and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1863, p. 416.

Hab. Central Australia.

Species 22. (Mus. Brit.)

Phvsa SalleaNjE. Phy. testd tenui, politd, cornea,
pallide purpurea, spird acuminata, attenuatd,
ultimo anfractu ovato, angusto ; apcrturd antice
latiusculd, intils pallidissime rosed ; plica columd-
lari brevi, crassd, tortud.

Salle's PhtS-I. Shell thin, polished, horny, pale
purple, spire acuminated, attenuated, last whorl
ovate, narrow ; aperture anteriorly rather broad,
very pale pink within ; columellar fold short,
thick, tortuous.

Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 53.

Hah. St. Domingo.

A smooth shell belonging to the same group as
Physa Peruviana, with a much more acuminated spire.

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa acuminata. Phy. testd angustd, cylindricd,
corned, semipellucidd, politd ; spird exsertd,
acuminata ; ultimo anfractu cylindraceo, elongato ;
aperturd angustd, plied columellari ohliqud.

The .acuminated Phtsa. Shell narrow, cylindrical,
horny, semipeUucid, polished ; spire exserted, acu-
minated ; last whorl cylindrical, elongated ;
aperture narrow, columellar fold oblique.

Gi;at 2 MS. Brit. Mus.

Hah. St. Thomas's Isl. W. Indies.

A little resembling the preceding, but narrower and

more cylindrical.

Species 24. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa obesa. Pity, testd suhviride fused vcl ferru-
gined, turbinatd, postice ti-uncaid ; spird vix ex-
sertd, anfractibus planulatis, angulatis, ad angulum
carinatis ; idtimo anfractu postice lata, antice sub-
acuminato ; aperturd postici quadratd, intus pallide
rosed ; jilicd columellari tenui, subtortud.

The fat Phtsa. Shell greenish brown or ferruginous,
turbinated, posteriorly truncated ; spire scarcely
exserted, whorls flattened, angular, keeled at the
angle ; last whorl broad posteriorly, subacu-
minated anteriorly; aperture posteriorly qua-
drate, pale pink within ; columellar plait thin,
somewhat tortuous.

H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Fitzroy River.

Phrsa PLW.

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Vincent BTmikDiyi Son, Imp

P H Y S A.

Species 25. (Mus. Sowcrliy.)

Physa kerruginka. Pliij. testi'i iiiJlaUl, brevi, IwriijaU't,
ferrucjined ; spird productd, anfractibus brcvibiis,
rotundatis ; ultimo anfractu iiijlalo, brevi, post
columellam subexcavato ; apertuiA olliquc decllvi,
productd, intus obscure purpured, antice subacu-
minatd, columelld temiiusculd, rectiiisciM.

The ferruginous Phtsa. Shell inflated, short, smooth,
ferruginous ; spire produced, whorls short, rounded ;
last whorl inflated, short, a little excavated behind
the columella; aperture obliquely sloped, produced,
dull purple within, anteriorly subacuminated,
columella rather thin, rather straigl)t.

Ai.AMs and AxGAS. Proc. Zoo). Soe., LsGo, p. 416.

]lab. Nortli Australia.

ecies 26. (Mus. Brit.)

PnvsA FKAGiLis. Pill/, testd timui, pallida, anhnratd ;
aperturd mwjnd, arilicc mbacuminata : .yiini brcn,
mifractibiis paucis, parvis ; ultimo unj'ractu lalc-
raliter injlato.

The FRAGILE Phtsa. Shell thin, pale, subovate ;
aperture large, anteriorly svibacuniinated ; spire
short, whorls few, small ; last whorl laterally
inflated.

MiGii^LS. Haldeman's Monograph, PI. III. f. 11-13.

llab. Maine, United States.

Species 27. (Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa gibbosa. Phy. testd hreviter subci/Iiiidraccd,
pallide strandned, politd ; spird brevi, conicd, acu-
minatd ; ultimo anfractu superne gibboso vet rotun-
dato-anyulato ; antice subattenuato ; apei-turd
elongatd, labia externa rectiiisculo, plied columellari
brevi tortud.

The GIBBOUS Phtsa. Shell shortly subcyHndrical, pale-
straw, very smooth ; spire short, conical, acumi-
nated ; last whorl gibbous or roundly angular
above ; anteriorly somewhat attenuated ; aperture
elongated, outer lip rather straight, columellar plait
short, tortuous.

GocLD. E.\-pedition.

Hub. New Zealand.

Sjieeies 28. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Physa Lordi. PIii/. testd inflald, subtrigond, solidius-
culd, superne augulatd ; spird conicd, anfractibus
angulatis, suprd, unguium subplanulatis ; anfractu
ultimo infiato, angulato, brevi ; aperturd superne
augulatd ; intits prope marginem castaneo fasciatd,
antice acuminata , productd ; plied columellari tenui,
prominenti, tortud.

Lord's Phtsa. Shell inflated, subtrigonal, rather solid,
angular above ; spire conical, whorls angular, a
little flattened above the angle; last whorl inflated,
angular, short ; apertui'e angular above, banded
with chestnut within near the margin, anteriorly
acuminated, produced ; columellar fold thin, pro-
minent, tortuous.

Baird. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Ilab. Lake Oregon, British Columbia. Collected by
J. K. Lord, Esq.

Species 29. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa Nov^ Zelandi.«. Phy. testd turbinatd, so-
lidd, castaned, Icevigatd ; spird conicd, anfractibus
rotiindatim angulatis ; ultimo anfractu inverse
ccmico, antice subacuminato ; aperturd subaured ;
labia interna valida, plied columellari superne

February, 1873.

PHYSA.— Plate IV.

The New Zealand Physa. Shell turbinated, solid,
chestnut, smooth ; spire conical, whorls roundly
angular; last whorl inversely conical, anteriorly
somewhat acuminated ; aperture rather golden ;
inner lip strong ; columellar fold a little gibbous
at the top.

GuAY. MS. Brit. Mus.

Hah. New Zealand.

Species 30. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa elongata. Phy. testd angustd, elongatu, pyra-
midatd, nitcnti, stramined vel subaured, leviter
strigatd ; spird aperturam longitudine paulo super-
anti, ultimo avfractu subovato; aperturd breviusculd,
intm pallida, labio intemo expanso, plied colvmellari
breviusculd, tenui, tortud.

The elongated Physa. Shell angular, elongated,
pyramidal, shining, straw-coloured or slightly
golden, slightly streaked ; spire a little e.xceeding
aperture in length ; last whorl somewhat oval ;
aperture rather short, pale inside, inner lip ex-
panded, columellar fold rather short, thin, tortuous.

Say. New York Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. ii. p. 171.

Hah. North America?

Species 31. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa rivalis. Phy. testd pallide corned, semipellucidd,
Icevigatd, angustd, ovato-oblongd ; spird brevius-
culd, anfractibus convexis; ultimo anfractu elongate;

apertura elongata, iiitils prope marginem castaneo
paliide fasciatd.

The river Physa. Shell pale horn, semi-pellucid,
smooth, narrow, ovate-oblong ; spire rather short,
whorls convex ; last whorl elongated ; aperture
elongated, with a pale chestnut band near the
margin.

Sowerdy. Genera of Shells, LimnEa, fig. 9.

Hab. Columbia River.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa ji^sta. Pliy. testd injlatd, hrevi, obscure fiisro-
subviridi ; spird exsertd, acuminata, anfractibus
superne planulatis, angulatis, ad angulum plvs-
minusve subcarinatis ; aperturd latd,intils castaned;
plica columellari validd, elevatd, crassd.

The sad Physa. Shell inflated, short, dull greenish-
brown ; spire exserted, acuminated, whorls above
flattened, angular, more or less keeled at the angle ;
aperture broad, chestnut within ; columellar fold
strong, raised, thick.

II. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. New Zealand.

This species has very close relations with Physa
tabulata of Gould. The chief difference consists in
the rounded angles of the whorls in the latter and the
distinct square angles in the former. These characters,
however, are somewhat varied, and some specimens in
each approach very nearly to each other.

^

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PJ-iysa.ri.V.

d

"VmceDlBiooksDaYiSonjmv

P H Y S A.

Species 32*. (Mus.-

PUYSA TKOPICA. Phtj. testa mhrjliilmm, nlhiild, ep'uler-
mide obscure subviridi indnta ; spira brevihsni/d,
anfractibus rotuiulis, distinctis ; ultimo anfracta
raids injlato, rotmdo, post columellam excavato :
aperturd rotunda, spiram lon(jitijdine siijieranti,
oblique prodiictd, coliimelld leviter arcnatd.

TiiK TitOPiCAL Phvsa. Shell subglobose, wliitisli,
clothed with a dull greeni'sh epideniiis; sjiire
rather short, whorls rounded, distinct ; last
whorl much inflated, rounded, excavated behind
the columella ; aperture rounded, longer than the
spire, obliquely produced, columella slightly
curved.

Ki;aUss. Sudafrikanischcn IMolluskm, tab .'>, ilg. 12.

Hub. South Africa.

Species .3;5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

PuYSA LATILAIUATA. PliiJ. tcstd fulcd, Irevi, l<rvi, Sllb-
pi/raiiiidatd ; spird apeituram fcri: loiujiluiliiic
cequanli; anfractibus rotundissimis, brevibus; iillimu
anfractu brevi, rotundo, post columellam nmbilicalo ;
aperturd subovatd, lahio externa arcvato, labia
interno crasso, late rejlexo ; columelld latissiind.
elevatd, crassd,fere redd, plied iiidistinctd.

The wide-lipped Phvsa. Shell fulvous, short, smooth,
rather pyramidal ; spire nearly equal in length to
the mouth ; whorls rounded, short ; last whorl
short, round, umbilicated behind the columella ;
aperture subovate, outer lip arched, inner lip
thick, widely reflected ; cnlumolla very wide,
elevated, thick, nearly straight, plait indistinct.

IriciwEP.BY.

Hub. Victoria River.

This species has two remarkable cliaracters, namely,
the umbilicus in the body whorl, and the very broad
columella.

Species 34. (Mus. Brit.")

Physa omvacea. Phi/, testd anrjustd, subfusiformi,
obscuri' ullrai-cd. .soli /ii/sciiJ.i : spird elevatd, aper-
turain tninjitndin, (rf/innili, 1 1 nfrnctibus subangulatis,
uno api<(i/i iiiatiiiiiilliitii : <iuj'ractu ultimo postice
angulato, aperturd iiitits castaned ; plied columellari
breviiisculd.

The OLiVACEOfs Piiysa. Shell narrow, subfusiform,
dull olive, rather solid ; spire elevated, equalling
the aperture in length, whorls rather angular, the
apical one mammillated ; last whorl posteriorly
angular ; aperture chestnut witliin ; columellar
fold rather short.

Adams and A.N.iAs. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G3, p. 416.

Ilab. Arnheini's Laud. Australia.

Species 35. (Mus. Brit.)

Piiysa co.ncinxa. Phi/, subovatd, con

Ihicidd ;

spird breviiisculd, anfractibus panels, convexis ;
nltimo anfracta subci/lindrico ; aperturd subovatd,
intits jirojie marcjineia fulvo fasciatd, plied eolamel-
lari subspiraliter tortud.

The neat Puysa. Shell subovate, horny, pellucid ;
spire rather short, whorls few, convex ; last whorl
rather cylindrical ; aperture subovate, with a
fulvous band inside near the margin, columellar
fold rather spirally tortuous.

Adams and Axgas. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1803, p. 417.

Hub. Arnheim's Land.

Species 3(5. (Mus. Brit.)

Piiysa gyrina. Phy. testd ovato-subcyliiidricd, politd,
pallide succined, semipellucidd ; sjrird conicd, an-
fractibns convexiusculis ; ultimo anfractu sub-
fi/lindriro ; aperturd elongatd, spiram lonrptudine
iiiulto superauti, intiis prope manjinem castaneo

Pebru^i

PIIYSA.— Plate V.

fasciatd ; plica rohimeUari rectiusculd, haud pro-
minenti.

The kinglet Phvsa. Shell ovate, subcylindrical,
polished, pale amber, semipellucid, spire conical,
whorls rather convex ; last whorl rather cylin-
drical, aperture elongated, much longer than the
spire, banded with chestnut within near the
margin ; columellar fold rather straight, not
conspicuous.

Say. Journ. A. N. S. Pliil. vol. ii. p. 171.

Hab. Near Grand Kapids, Jlicliigan.

bpecii

(Mus. Brit.)

Physa antipodea. Phy. testA fui.siform,i,inflntii, fuho-
fernujmeA, opacd, substriatd ; spird elevatd, anfrac-
tibus convexis ; ultimo anfractii ovato, in medio
injlato ; aperturd ovntd, plied colvmellaii elevatd,
tenvi, oblique stibto?'fud.

The antipodean Piivsa. Shell f'u.siform, inflated,
ferruginous brown, opake, slightly striated ;
.spire elevated, whorls convex ; last whorl ovate,
swelled in the middle ; aperture ovate, colu-
mellar fold elevated, a little obliquely twisted.

Sowerbv.

Hab. New Zealand.

Species 38. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit. )

Physa bonus-IIenricus. Ph/. testa pared, subovaid
sulidiiisculii, fused ; spird brevi, obtusd, aiij'ractibu,

parvis, rotundatim angulatis ; ultimo anfractu per-
obliquo, propi suturam gibboso, ad latera compresso,
rectiusculo ; aperturd oblique productd, declivi,
intus pallidd, labia externa rectiicscula, plied colu-
mellari leviter tortuosd.

The good-Henry Phys.^.. Shell small, subovate,
rather solid, brown ; spire short, obtuse, whorls
small, roundly angular, last wliorl very oblique,
gibbous near the suture, compressed at the sides,
rather straight ; aperture obliquely produced,
sloped downwards, outer lip rather straight, colu-
mellar fold slightly twisted.

Adams and Axgas. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1803, p. 417.

Hab. North Australia.

Species 30. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Physa gr.\.nulata. Phy. testd parvd, ovato-subfusi-
formi, pallid!: fulvd, minutissime granulatd ; spird
elevatd, brivi, obtusd, anfractibus duobus, promi-
nentibus ; ultimo anfractu supra aperturd elevate,
oblique declivi, hreviiiseulo ; aperturd semiovatd,
lulled columellari redd.

The granulated Physa. bhell small, ovate-subfu-
siform, pale fulvous, very minutely granulated ;
spire elevated, short, obtuse, whorls two, pro-
minent ; last whorl elevated above the aperture,
obliquely sloped, rather short; aperture semi-
ovate, columellar fold straight.

SuUTTLEWORTH. MS.

Hab. Barbadoes.

A characteristic little species,
tions are scarcely perceptible.

which the srranula-

Phvsa Fl. VI.

f

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VmceBt,BiooksLa.yi5aa Imp

p n Y S A.

Species 40. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa Reevii. rill/. ti.<ta liirbinaM, tenuiusculd, ob-
scure J)i,<fi>-!<idiciiidi ; ."jiird truncatd, planidatu,
anfractibvs carinatig ; ultimo anfraclu inverse
conico, antici subacuminato ; aperturd postirr
anrjulatd, antice retrorsiin subarciiatd ; plied colii-
mellari relrorsim tortuosd.

Reeve's Piiys.v. Shell turbinatcJ, ratlicr tliiii, ilull
greenish-brown; spire truncaUnl, llalk'neil, wliorls
carinated ; last whorl inversely conical, anteriorly
a little acuminated ; aperture jio.'itoriorly angular,
anteriorly a little arched, culumellar l'i>ld twi>ted a
little backwards.

Adams and Axi;.\s. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1^03, p. 417.

JJab. \orth Australia.

Species 41. (Mus. Rrit.)

PnYS.\ nDMEROS.\. Pbi/. tcalA brevitcr subii/linrlrird,
pallida, crasfd ; spird breriiisctild, aruminatd ;
anfrai-tii ii/finm .itipirni /in^pi' stltnram gibbasd, sub-
aiKjnlafii. hit, rihiis r, liiil-rulis ; uperlurd sciiiioratd ;
Col'Uiiirlld rnis.<d, r/.r iinuiitd, vix plicatd.

The siioulderkd Phys.\. Shell shortly subcylindrical,
pale, thick ; spire rather short, acuminated ; last
whorl gibbons and somewhat angular above, near
the suture, with straight sides ; aperture semi-
ovate ; columella thick, scarcely arched, scarcely
plicated.

Gould. .'

Hah. New ;\Iexico.

ipeci

(Mus. Hrit.)

Physa semigloi!os.\. PIi>/. testd ijloboso->:iihiiviiid, <■(»
mibviridi, niteiiti, tenuiss-iiitd, pcUnciih't : sjiini In
simd, aperturd mafjnd, .•ivborald, ultimo iinj]
inflato ; plied oAiuneltari tcoii, arruatim tortn

F.

Tue SEMir.LOBOSE Pin-s.-i. Shell globo.se, subovate,
greenish-horn, shining, very thin, pellucid ; spire
very short, aperture large, subovate, last whorl
inllated; colunieliar fold thin, twLsted archwise.

Westerland. MoUusques terrestres et d'eau dunces,
p. 20.

Ilab. Sweden.

Species 43. (Pig. a, b, <■, Mus. Brit.)

I'HYS.\ PROTEUS. Pliy. testd solidd, fiisiformi, lo'virjatd,
pallid!: fulvd ant cinered, fasciis castanets vel
ulbido-subaureis longitudinaiibus variegatd ; spi7-d
elojif/atd vel brevi-dsculd, anfractibus convexif,
jwnnunquam suhangulatis, aperturd semiovatd,
inths purpurasceriti ; plied columellari crassd,
tortud.

The PROTEUS Physa. Shell solid, fusiform, smooth,
pale-fulvous or cinereous, varied with chestnut or
yellowish-white longitudinal bauds; spire elongated
or rather short, whorls convex, sometimes a little
angular; ai>ertiu-e semi-ovate, purplish withiu ;
columellar plait thick, tortuous.

Sow ERE Y.

Huh. West Australia.

There is quite a gradation from the elegantly fusiform
to the stuuted angular character.

Species 44. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa Cumingii. Phy. testd subinflatd, inverse eonicd,
fusco-fernigined ; spird brevissimd, planulatd, an-
fraclu ultimo maxima, postice obtuse subangulato,
tvmido, antice paulo attenuate ; aperturd elongatd,
lahio externa simiato, lahio interno crasso, lata,
plied columellari tortud, validd.

CuMiNii's Physa. Shell a little inflated, inversely
conical, ferruginous brown ; spire very short,

, 1873.

PlIYSA.— Plate VI.

flattened, last whorl very large, posteriorly obtusely
subangular, tumid, a little attenuated in front;
aperture elongated, outer lip sinuated, inner lip
thick, broad ; cohuiiellar Ibid tortuous, strong.

H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Ilnh. Port Essington.

secies 40. (Mus. Brit.)

Species 45. (Mus. Brit.)

Phvsa iietekostropiia. Phy. testd ovato-subfusiformi,
fuk-a, opacd, spird breviusculi'i, aamiinata, anfruc-
tibus paucis, parvis, rotundis ; ultimo unfractu
inflato, brevipost columdlamsubexeavato; aperlura
marjnd, semiovatd, intus aured, propc marQinem
castaneo fasciatd ; columella elomjatd, fire recta.
The heterostkophe Physa. Shell ovate-subfusiform,
fulvous, opaque, spire rather short, acuminated,
whorls few, small, rounded ; last whorl inflated,
short, a little hollow behind the columella ; aper-
ture large, semi-ovate, inside aureous, banded
with chestnut near the margin, columella elongated,
nearly straight.
Say. Haldenian's .Monograph.
Hab. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Physa spicul.\ta. Phy. tcstd rlongatd, ant/xstd, /».~rr--
cinerascenti, roseo-falvo nebulatd, nitciili : ■■'piid
productd, attenuatd, acuminaid ; apcrtuni (iii:/iisfd,
semioratd, plied columellari tenui.

TuE SPIKED Physa. Shell elongated, narrow, ashy-
brown, clouded with fulvous pink ; shining ; spire
produced, attenuated, acuminated; aperture narrow,
semiovate; columellar fold thin.

MoriELET. .'

Hab. .'

Species 47. (Mus. Brit.)

PuYSA SoWEliBYANA. Phy. tcdd ohlomjo-ovatd, politd,
obscure succined ; spird elecatd, acimdnald ; ultiina
anfractu subovato ; columelld tenui, leviter torluosd.

Soweeby's Phtsa. Shell oblong-ovate, polished, dull
amber, spire elevated, acuminated; last whorl
nearly oval ; columella thin, slightly tortuous.

D'Oruigny.

Hab. Jamaica.

Much more inflated than Physa yncttlala, but not

so much so as others of similar form.

Physa Pl.VII.

^

h

#

w

i

4

^

Sowerty del etlith "fcicenliropks.D,!^ X SGaimp

P II Y S A.

S|,ecics 48. (Mus. Brit.)

I'liYS.v vil!ii.vr.\. Phy. tcsb'i pnrra, ociil,1, polila. chirrco-
Julvd, albo striijali't ; xpii-'i In-i riiism/ii, uliliina, ii ii-
Jractilnis convexiusculiti : nil i mo (infract a unilo ;
aperttird femioratd, intiis caxtancii, plied ailuniellnri
elcvatd, teimi, vltli</ii'i.

The sri'.ii'KD Piiys.\. .Shell small, ovate, polislied,
L evLsli-fulvous .stript'd with white; spire rather
s..:irt, obtuse, whorls rather convex : last whorl
ovate; aperture seiniovate, chestnut within,
coluniellar fold elevated, thin, oblique.

iUnuK ?

//„/>. M, xico.

■19. (Fis. «, b, Mus. li.it.)

PllYS.v Ti:iTlCK.\. Phi/, testd par
traiistucidd, aiijustd, tcjuii.i.

inn),

xpira

bn

ultimo anfractu subct/lindracco ; aperlurd elviKpttd,
amjimtd, jlicd coliimellari teiiiii, leviler tortiiOi<d.

The wuiiAT ravs,\. Shell small, smoky-amber, trans-
lucid, narrow, very thin ; spire short ; last
whorl subcylindrical ; aperture elongated, narrow,
columellar fol 1 thin, slightly tortuous.

Lka. .'

llah. CaUfornia.

The smallest of the species
ansparent.

Narrow and

Species 5t_r. (Fig. a, i, Mus. Brit.)

I'livsA CniENSis. 'ht/. testd parvd, solidd, pallidi-
fidvd ; sp'rd I :riilsculd, acumirtatd, imfnirtibiis
brevibus, subaiHinlatis ; ultimo anfractu subci/lin-
draceo, medio i^u constricto, subnigato : apertind
oblonyd, manjine rectiiisculo, plied coluiiiellari con-
spicud.

The Ccp.an Pmys.v. Sliell small, solid, pale-fulvous,
spin' rather short, acuminated, whorls short,
slij_'htly angular ; l.-ist whorl subcylindrical, a little
constricted in the middle, slightly wrinkled ;
aperture oblong, margin rather straight, columellar
fold conspicuous.

Pfeiffkh. ?

Uab. Cuba.

PUYS.\

/'/»

(Fig. -(, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
or„lo^s>,hrfi,:dric

S,lhdii.

prrs.si.-!
„p,rlii
bihio

riild

ibiis

fusco-olimced,
, loiii/itiidiiie aperturam
i/i/iliusis, medio subcom-
breviter subcylindrico ;
lis fiisco-purpurascenti,
iiatim producto, antic!;
ainiiatiiii lyiiiiri/iiiiilii : rohi iiielld duplicatd.
The bay Puysa. SIhII ovate-subcylindrical, olive-
brown, rather .solid ; sjjire elevated, equalling
aperture in length ; whorls broad, gibbous,
compressed in the middle; last whorl shortly
cylindrical ; aperture rather short, purplish-
brown within, outer lip posteriorly sinuously
produced, anteriorly sinuously emarginated ;
columella dovible-plaited.
Adams and An(5AS. Proc. Zool. .Soc, 18G3, p. 41G.
Hub. A tributary to Adelaide river in Aruheim's Land.

Species 52. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa SaYI. Phy. tistd ovutd, politissimd, pallidi-
fidrd, rosea suffusd ; sjurd breviter conicd, anfrac-
libns brevibus ; ultimo anfractu ovato ; aperturd
Siinioi-atd, oblongd, anticc angustatd, columella re-
trorsim tortiiosd.

February. 1870.

PHYSA.— PI.ATK VII.

Say's Piivsa. Shell ovate, much polislied, pale fulvous,
suffused with pink ; spire shortly conical, whorls
short; last whorl ovate; aperture semiovate,
oblong, anteriorly narrowed ; columella twisted
backwards.

CxKAY. ■ ■ 1 Mus. Brit.

Hab. Hudson's River, North America.

Probably a comparison has been made between this
species and Plii/sa guriiia of Say. It is more obese and
less acuminated, and tapers slightly towards the anterior
termination.

Species 53. (Mus. Brit.)

Piivsa Algoensis. Phy. testd ovato-subglobosd, tenuis-
siiiid, pallide succined, hyalmd, translucidd, antice
suhattennatd ; sjnrd hrevi, anfractibus paiTis ;
ultimo anfractu inflato, hrevi, plica columcllari
hrevi.

The Alcoa Piitsa. Shell ovately-subglobose, very
thin, pale amber, hyaline, translucid, anteriorly
slightly attenuated; spire short, whorls small;
last whorl inflated, short, columellar fold short.

MORELET. ?

Ilah. Damara Land, Algoa.

Species 5-1. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Phvsa Tongana. Phj. testd fusco-olivaced, Icevigatd,
fusij'ormi ; spird productd, eleganter acuminata ;
anfractihus oblique declivibus, subangiilatis ; ultimo
anfractu inflato, superne suhangnlato, infrd, sitb-
attemiato ; aperturd spiram loiigitiidiiie SKpernnti,
postice siibangulato, antice acuminato, coliiiiicUd fere
hiplicatd.

The tonga Physa. Shell olive-brown, smooth, fusi-
form ; spire produced, elegantly acuminated ;
whorls obliquely sloped, somewhat angular ; last

whorl inflated, slightly angular above, a little
attenuated below ; aperture longer than the spire,
posteriorly slightly angular, anteriorly acuminated,
columella nearly double- plaited.

Quov. Voyage de I'Astrolabe, PL LVIIL, fig. 19, 20.

Ilab. Australia.

Species 5.5. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Physa sindata. Phy. testd parvd, siibfiisiformi, fusco-
ferruyined ; spird j^roductd, acuminafd, anfractibus
jmrvis, gibhosis ; ultimo anfractu subovato ; aper-
turd intiis pallide purpured, lahio externo sinuato :
plied columcllari parvd, altd.

The sinuated Physa. Shell small, subfusiform, ferru-
ginous-brown; spire produced, acuminated; whorls
small, gibbous ; last whorl rather ovate ; aperture
pale purple within, outer lip sinuous ; columellar
fold small, raised.

Gould. E.xpedition shells.

Hah. New South Wales.

Species 5G. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa reticulata. Pliy. testa subpyramidatd, gracili,
fumoso-cornea, concentrice et spiraliter striata ;
spird elevatd, acuminata, anfractibus oblique de-
clivibus, prominentibus ; ultimo anfractu ohliqvo,
antice subinflato, postice subattenuato ; aperturd
suhpyramidata, intiis pallide aurco.

The reticulated Physa. Shell rather pyramidal,
smooth, smoky-horn-coloured, concentrically and
spirally striated ; spire elevated, acuminated,
whorls obliquely sloped ; prominent ; last whorl
oblique, anteriorly slightly inflated, posteriorly
subattenuated ; aperture subpyramidal, pale
golden within.

Gould. ?

Ilab. Sandwich Islands.

PhysaPLmi.

&

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^

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I I

I I

■ftncent Brooks lay i Soii.liui'

P H Y S A.

viir.

Spccii's ,J7. (Mus. Brit.)

PiivsA Vanimemexexsis. rii)f. te.^li'i sdiiih'i, fiilKjundrati'i,
fumoso-cornca ; fpird hrcfi, aiifhiclibun jxiufis, suh-
aiiffukitis ; ultimo anfractu obloiign, pro/ie sutnram
angulato ; ajwrturd siiliqumlniti'i, hitu.< obscure
purpiirascenti, labia exfciiic aiilice i'xpiiaf:i'i, calu-
melld tofliut, retrorsd.

Van- Diemen's Physa. Shell solid, rather square,
smoky horn; spire short, whorls few, subapgular ;
last whorl obloug, angular near the suture ;
aperture squarish, dull purplish withiu, outer lip
anteriorly expanded, columella tortuous, turned

SoWEKHT.

Hah. Van Diemen's Land.

•_)ra rather square oblong form, this s])ecies presents
an angular appearance somewhat unusual in the geiuis.
It is, however, only in quite mature specimens that the
angularity appears strongly.

Species 58. (Mus. Brit.)

riiYSA Walbei:gii. PIi;/. iestd elonjatd, turritd, pallidd ;
spird ehvatd, anfractilms quinque convexiuscvJis,
anfractu ultimo mbovato, latcribus rectiusculis ;
aptrlurd parvd, ohiongd ; plied columellari pro-
mine.iiti, tortiid.

Walberg's Physa. Shell elongated, turreted, pale ;
spire elevated, whorls five rather convex, last
whorl a little oval, sides a little straight ; aperture
small, oblong; columellar plait prominent, tortuous.

SoWEREY.

Hah. River Nile, Egypt.

Species 59. (Mus. Taylor.)

Physa aciculata. Phi/, testd clomjatd, pyramidatd,
attenuatd, /umoso-corned, semipelhwidd ; spird

c'leriitd, wuiiiiimtd, anfractibus sex, obliqim ; ultimo
aiifraclv siili/'ii.<i/i,riiii ; aperturd breviusculd, colu-
inelld tortitd, albidd, retrorsd.
The XEEDLE-SHArED Physa. Shell elongated, pyramidal,
attenuated, smoky -horn, semlpellucid ; spire
elevated, acuminated, whorls six, oblique ; last
whorl rather fusiform ; aperture rather short,
columella tortuous, whitish, turned backwards.

SOWEEBY,

Hub. New South Wales.

Species OO. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

PilYSA tetiuca. rill/, testd ovutd, soliild, licrif/idd,
j/a/lidcfiilvd, fasciis loiigitiidinalibus 7-aris castaiu-is
notiitd ; spird bnridsrul,}, obtiisd, anfractu pemd-
tiiHO tiiiiddo; iilliino (iii/riiiiu oblongo ; apjcrturd
iiitiis castaiieo iiuinjiiudd.

The eude Physa. Shell ovate, solid, smooth, pale
fulvous, marked with rare longitudinal chestnut
bauds ; spire rather short, obtuse, penultimate
whorl tumid ; last whorl oblong ; aperture chestnut,
bordered within.

MoRELET. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. xvi. f 325.

Uah. Angola and Benguela.

Species Gl. (Mus. Taylor.)

Physa subundata. Phy. testd fusco-oUmced, ventri-
cosd, coiicentrice leviter imdulatd ; spird brevius-
culd, apice acumiiiato, anfractu penuUimo Mo,
suhiingulato ; nlliiiio anfractu mugno, jn-ope suturam
tumido, rolundatim angulato ; apertvrd magnd,
intiis projie marginem castaneo strigatd ; plied
columellan crassiusculd, tortud.

The slightly-waved Physa. Shell olive-brown,
ventricose, concentrically slightly undulated ; spire
rather short, apex acuminated, penultimate whorl
broad, rather angular, last whorl large, swelled

April, 1873.

PHYSA.— Plate VIII.

near the siitnre, roundly angular; aperture large,
striped ■with chestnut within near the border;
columellar fold rather thick, tortuous.

SOWERBY.

Hah. St. Margaret's, South Australia.

Species C2. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa m.'AMiDATA. Phij. (cstd soUcl'i, subaureo-fuscd,
pijriiinithitd, spird jji-oductd, anfractibus sex, ob/iquis,
sv:prcl uttenuatis, infrd injlatis ; ultimo anfractu
ventricoso, suhfusiformi ; aperturd auriformi, labio
interna crassiitscido, plied columellari clevata.

The ryRAJiiDAL Physa. Shell solid, rather golden-
bro\\T], pyramidal, spire produced, whorls six,
oblique, attenuated above, inflated beneath ; last
whorl veutricose, rather I'usitbrm ; aperture auri-
form, inner lip rather thick, columellar fold
elevated.

SOWERBT.

Hab. Australia.

A shell of graceful form resembling in the slope of
the whorls Liiiinaia staijiialis, which are too oblique
and attenuated for the most aberrant form of Physa
longana.

Species Go. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa amygdali-s. Phii. iestd magna, ohlongd, ovaid,
solidd, lan'iijafd coineo-J'umi ; spird breviiisculd,
anfractibus paucis, iuflatis ; ultimo anfractu ovuto,
postice subattemialo, antice magis inflalo ; aperturd
magna, inthn subaured, semipellucidd, casfaneo
fasciatd ; labia externa flexuoso ; labia interna
pallida, late reflejo, plied columellari crasso, rectius-
ciila.

The Almond Physa. Shell large, oblong, ovate, solid,
smooth horny-brown ; sjiire rather short, whorls
few, inflated ; last whorl ovate, posteriorly slightly
attenuated, anteriorly more inflated ; aperture
large, rather golden within, semipellucid, banded
with chestnut ; outer Up flexuous, inner lip pale,
broadly reflected; columeUar fold thick, rather
straight.

Sowerby.

Hab. Texas, North America.

One specimen of this fine species is preserved in the
British Museum.

Species 64. (Mus. Orbigny in Brit.)

Physa striata. Phy. testa parvd, ovatd, tenui, corned,
minutissime concentrice radiatimcpie striatd, spird
hrevi, acuminata, ultimo anfractu ovata ; aperturd
magnd, plied columellari incanspicud.

The striated Phvsa. Shell small, ovate, thin, horny,
very finely concentrically and radiately striated,
spire short, acuminated, last whorl ovate ; aper-
ture large, columellar fold not conspicuous.

D'OiiEiGXY. Mollusoaof Cuba, p. 192, PI. XIII. f 14-16.

Hab. Cuba.

A lens is required to see the striation in both direc-
tions which characterizes this little species.

Species 6.'). (Mus. Brit.)

Physa vitr-Ea. Phy. testa tenui, albidd, translueidd,
fusifonni, vitrcea ; spiixl subelevatd, obttisd, anfrac-
tibus paucis, iuflatis ; tdtimo anfractu oblonga ;
aperturd sentiovatd ; pilicd columellari rectiiisculd.

The glassy Physa. Shell thin, whitish, translucid,
fusiform, glassy ; spire a little elevated, obtuse,
whorls few, inflated ; last whorl oblong ; aperture
semi-ovate ; columellar plait rather straight.

Parreys. ?

Hab. Lake Mareotis, Egypt.

Species 66. (Mus. Taylor,)

Physa disrar. Phy. tesfd fusifonni, acuwinatd,
tenuiter sinnatin rvgatd, in jtartibus fuseo-
ni-beseenti, in j'artibus stramined ; spird ])?-oductd,
attenuatd, apice acuminato ; anfractibus obliquig,
attenuatis ; ultimo anfractu oblonga, aperturd
antice atteniuitd, plied columellari haud prominenti,
vix arcuatd.

The dissimilar Physa. Shell fusiform, acuminated,
finely sinuously wrinkled, in parts I'eddish-brown,
in parts straw-coloured; spire produced, attenuated,
apex acuminated ; whorls oblique, attenuated ;
last whorl oblong, aperture anteriorly attenuated,
columellar fold not prominent, scarcely arched.

Sowerby.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales.

This form does not appear to have been hitherto
described.

Fhvm Fl fX.

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#

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^

Sr«eib\' lid AliQi

Vmiiral Brooks Day i Son. Imp

P H Y S A.

Species 67. (Mus. Brit.)

I'llYSA .VUIilCULATA. Plijl. teMd bril'i, hi/liltd, fiisra-
divacc-d, Iceviyatii, solidd ; sp/Wt /irn-i, uniiiiiiuitd ;
ultimo anfractu supra tumido, vix (iiii/iil<ito, mifirc
stnhattennato ; aperturd mar/no, aiiUcr sahiittciiiuUii,
plied cohtmella/ri alhd, subtoHiu, hrevi.

The aui!Icul.\ted Phtsa. Shell short, inflated, olive-
brown, smooth, solid ; spire short, acmuiniited ; last
whorl tumid above, scarcely angular, anteriorly a
little attenuated ; aperture large, anteriorly slijihtly
attenuated, eohniiellar fold white, a little tortuous,
short.

Gassii:s. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. vi. PI. IX.
f. 5-r,.

}fab. Australia.

Species 68. (Mus.

■1 copied.)

PiiYSA Kan-akina. Pli//. testd ovatd, solidd,
fused ; spird aperturavi lonijitudim- fire
attfractu pcnuUimo injlato ; ultimo anfra
aperturd mirijbrmi ; plied eolumcllitri Ire

Tni: Kaxakixa Piiysa. Shell ovate, .sol
brown ; spire nearly equalling aperture i
penultimate whorl inllated ; last who
aperture auriform; columellar fold si

tUOTlS.

Gassii;s.

Iluh. ' Kanakina,' Australia.

tnti

I ovato ;

torliid.
olive-
length ;

ovate ;
rt, tor-

Species 69. (Mus.

? coi)icd.)

Physa Caledoxica. Phi/, testd parvd, tenid, Iceviijatd,
subovato-fusiformi, coj-iwd ; spird qtiam aperturd
breviori, conicd, acuminatd ; aperturd aiirifur/in,
plied cohmellari inconspicud.

The Caledokian Physa. Shell small, thin, smooth,
subovate-fusiform, horny ; spire shorter than

April,

aperture, conical, acuminated ; aperture i
columellar plait incons])icuous.

MniiELET. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle, 1856-7.

JIab. New Caledonia.

iform.

Species 70. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa plicata. PIii/. tenia iuj/atd, patuld, earned ;
spird hrevi, aeumiiiatd, anfractibus brevibus ;
■ultimo aufraetu magna, ovato, labia intenio valido,
alba; plied eolumellari areuatd ; aperturd auriformi,
lahio externa e.epanso.

The plicated Physa. Shell inllated, patulous, horny ;
spire short, acuminated, whorls short ; last whorl
large, ovate, inner lip strong, white ; columellar
lip arched ; ajierture auriform, outer lip expanded.

De Kay. Shells of the United States, p. 78, PL V.
f. 85.

Ilab. North America.

Species 71. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Physa Jukksii. Phi/. teMd parvd, avato-ratundd,
Ucviijatd, ulbd ; spird hrevissimd, oltusissimd, an-
fraeiihus duohus ; ultimo anfraetu magna, iiifl.ato :
lahio interna valida, plied eolumellari dcntifurnti,
trunceita.

JuKEs's Physa. Shell small, ovate-rounded, smooth,
white ; spire very short, very obtuse, whorls two ;
last Avhorl large, inflated ; inner lip strong,
columellar fold tooth-.sliaped, truncated.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hedi. Australia.

This little species is characterized by a small tooth-
like projection terminating the columella similar to
that in Pliijsa Afrieana.

1873.

PHYSA.— Plate IX.

Species 72. (Fig. a, b, Mus. ? Copied.)

Phtsa distorta. P/iy. testd parva, pallide corned,
suhovatd, spird hrevi, anfractibus duobus aut tribus,
penultiino inflato, subquadrato ; ultimo anfractu
subcyllndraceo, prope suturam tumido, subanriidato ;
columella laid, leviter arcuatd.

The distorted Physa. Shell small, jMile horn,
subovate, spire short, whorls two or three, the
penultimate inflated, subquadrate ; last whorl sub-
cylinJrieal, tumid, subangular near the suture;
columella broad, slightly arched.

Haldeman. Physada;, p. 35, PI. V. f. 1-3.

Ilab. North America.

Species 73. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa elliptica. Pliij. testi'i ehmgato-mhovatd, Jusco-
subolivaced ; posticc subattenuatd ; spird productd,
conicd; aperturd iiiius mired, prope marginem cas-
taneo fasciata ; labio interno pallida, albo mar-
yinato, columella crassd, plied inconspicud.

The elliptical Phtsa. Shell elongate, subovate,
rather olive-brown ; posteriorly subattenuated ;
spire produced, acuminated ; aperture golden
within, banded with chestnut near the margin ;
inner lip pale, white-edged, columella thick, plait
inconspicuous.

Lea. Ann. Phil. Soc, vol. v. PL XIX. f. 83.

Hob. Indiana.

Not sharply mucronnte in the spire as is the case
with Physa yyriua of Say.

Species 74. (Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa ventricosa. Phy. testd ovatd, politd, ventricosa,
succined ; spird breviusculd, acuminata ; ultimo
anfractu ovato ; aperturd magna ; columelld rectius-
culd, plied inconspieud.

The ventricose Pktsa. Shell ovate, polished, vent-
ricose, amber; spire rather short, acuminated;
last whorl ovate ; aperture large ; columella
rather straight, plait inconspicuous.

GniLDis. Zool. Journ.

Eah. St. Vincent's, West Indies.

Species 75. (Mus.

■ ? New York.)

Physa cylinhrica. Phy. testd oblongd, cylindraced,
solidd, palide rubro-fuscd ; spird hrevi, conicd ;
idtimo anfractu oblongo, angusto, recliusculo ;
apertiird elongatd, labio externa rectihscido, prope
marginem castaneo fasciato ; labio interno pallidd,
ciilunu'lln crassd, subplatiulatd, rectiilsculd.

The cylindrical Phtsa. Shell oblong, cylindrical,
solid, pale red-brown ; sjiire short, conical ; last
whorl oblong, narrow, rather straight ; aperture
elongated, outer lip rather straight, banded with
chestnut near the margin ; inner lip pale, columella
thick, rather flat, rather straight.

De Kay. Shells of United States.

Hab. Red Creek, Indiana.

Species 76. (JIus. Brit.)

Physa fusca. Pliy. testd parvd, subovatd, nitenti,
fuscatd, semipelhicidd ; spird productd, acuminatd,
anfractibus subrotimdis ; ultimo anfractu amplo,
aperturd suhauriformi ; columelld leviter arcvatd.

The drown Physa. Shell small, subovate, shining,
brown, semipellucid ; spire produced, acuminated,
whorls rather round ; last whorl full, aperture
somewhat auriform ; columella slightly curved.

KOSMASLER ?

Hab. Iviver Mazarin.

Species 77. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa Benguelensis. Phy. testd fusiformi, utrinque
acuminatd, pallidd, leviter rugatd; spird aperturam
longitudine superanti, acuminatd ; anfractibus
tribus, obliquis, convexis ; ajierturd antice sub-
attemiatn.

The Benguela Physa. Shell fusiform, acuminated ;
at both ends pale, lightly wrinkled; spire
exceeding aperture in length, acuminated ; whorls
three, oblique, convex ; aperture a little attenuated
anteriorly.

SOWERBY.

Hab. Benguela, Kgypt.

Fiivsa ri X

#

#

d

#

#

4 #

Vm'.enl ftioofe Daj i Son,Tinf .

P II Y S A.

(I\lus. Brit.)

Phvsa Mareotica. riiy. tisli'i purrd, mhcylituli '((•(%,
IcBvigatA, nllnilA, scinijicl/ucidK s/tird t:calata, iiii-
fnictihiis Iribus. suh<piadriitis, ultimo versus sntiiram
turn/do, ftihaiii/ulato ; apcrtiird oblon;/d, sujtenic an-
giihiti'i, columeUd j-t cHuyculii.

The JIaheotis Phvsa. Sliell smal!, subcyliiulricul,
sniootli, whitish, scmipclhicic!, spire in steps,
whorls tlireo, rather si|u:ire, the last tumid, angular
near the suture ; aperture oblong, angular above,
columella rather straight.

SOWERBY.

Hab. River Mareotis, Egypt.

Spe.-ie.s 79. (:Nrus. Brit.)

PilYSA NaTAI.KNMS. I'll//. I,st,; SulH/lobos.l, JKlIlhVc

corned, hvriijatd, sfuiijitlluciild, sjiird bnri.^^imd ;
ultimo anfractu injlato, supenir siibdiijulalo, post
columelUim cxcuvato ; apcrturd ?i(aijud,poi<tirt- sub-
anijulald, antiee subactiminatd.

The Natal Physa. Shell subglobose, pale -horn,
smooth, semi-pellucid, spire very short ; last whorl
inflated, slightly angular above, excavated behind
the columella ; aperture large, posteriorly some-
what angular, anteriorly slightly acuminated.

Krauss. Sudairikanischen Mollusken, p. <S4, Tab. V.
f. 10.

Hab. Natal, in stagnant pools.

Species 80. (JIu

Copied.)

Physa microstoma. Pliy. testd parvd, ovatd, Icevigatd,

albidd ; spird aperttwam longitudine fere CBqiianti ;

aperturd angus/d, columdld crassd, leviter bi-

dentatd.
The small-mouthed Physa. Shell small, ovate, smooth,

white ; spire nearly equalling the aperture in

length; aperture narrow, columella thick, sliglitly

bidentate.
Haldejian. Monograph, Physada;, p. ;15, PI. V. f. 10.
Ilab. North America.

On the inner edge of the columella in this species are
two small tooth-like projections.

Species SI. (Mus.

Copied.)

Physa I)L\ph.vna. PJq/. testd pared, vitrced, subglobosd ;

spird brcvi, anj'ractihus paueis, distinetis, tumidis ;

ultimo anfractu infato ; apcrturd sendovatd ; colu-

invlld vix arcuatd.
The diaphanous Physa. Shell small, glassy, sub-
globose ; spire short, whorls few, distinct, tumid ;

last whorl inflated ; aperture semiovate ; columella

scarcely arched.
Kuauss. Sudafrikanischen Mollusken, p. 81, Tab. V.

I 11.
Hab. Umgani valley. Natal.

A very small transparent species.

Species 82. (Mus. Brit.)

Physa neritoidea. PIi?/. testd parvd, solidd, oblique
subglobosd, succineo-rufescenti, strigis albidis notatd,
spird brevi, obtusd, anfractibus duobus, brevibus,
ultimo anfractu, infato, antiee oblique expanse ;
aperturd subpyriformi ; labio externa antiee oblique
producto ; columelld lata, cornplanatd, plied tortttd,
conspicud.

The nerita-shaped Physa. Shell small, solid, obliquely
subglobose, reddish amber, marked with white
stripes, spire short, obtuse, whorls two, short, last
whorl inflated, anteriorly obliquely expanded,

April, 1873.

PIIYSA.— Plate X.

aperture subpyriform ; outer lip anteriorly
obliquely produced ; columella broad, flattened,
plait tortuous, conspicuous.

SoWEr.RY.

//„/,. ?

A little shell of very curious form, with very broad
conspicuous plait.

Si)ecies 83. (Mtis. Brit.)

PuTSA TEREBHA. P%. tf'gtu ttttenuatd, alba, ritro'a,
la:vigutd ; sph-d productd, aciimiiiatd, anfractibiis
laxatis, suhdistantihus, suhplanulatis, per ohliquis,
apertvrd oblongd, angustd, rectiuscidd.

The terebra Phtsa. Shell attenuated, white, glassy,
smooth ; spire produced, acuminated, whorls
loosened, rather distant, a little flattened, very
oblique, aperture oblong, narrow, rather straight.

Benson. Caraptoceras terebra.

Hob. Moradabad, India.

Singularly contrasting in form witli the preceding

species, Phjsa neritoidea. The whorls are quite

separated.

Species 84. (Mus. ? Copied.)

Phtsa Guilliaxi. Phy. testa siibovatd, corneo-cineras-
centi, spird hrcviuscula ; anfractibus subamjulaiifi,
j)rope sittiiram subcaualicidatis ; ultimo anfraclu
stihcyUndricd, posttcc sitbaiienuato, apcrturd ob-
lowjd ; labia externa Jlexnoso, postici producto ;
cohimeUd tortud, plied ronspicuu.

Guilli.in's Phvsa. Shell subovate, cinereotts-horny,
spire very short ; whorls subangular, slightly
canaliculated near the suture ; last whorl snh-
cylindrical, posteriorly a little attenuated, aperture
oblong ; outer lip floxuous, posteriorly produced ;
columella tortuous, plait conspicuous.

C'ltossE ET M.\i:iE. Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. vi.

Hab. Iloper's Lake, New Caledonia.

Species 85. (Mus. Taylor.)

PhTs.\ TENUisxraATA. Phij. testa suhci/lindried, oliveiceo-
fuscd, temiiter spiraliter concentriceque striata ;

spird breviusculd, anfractibus suhangnlatis, pen-
ultij7io perobliqno, apice acuminato ; apertttrd intus
castaned, antice subacuminatd.

The KiNE-STniATED Physa. Shell subcylindrical, olive-
brown, finely spirally and concentrically striated ;
spire rather short, whorls slightly angular, the
penultimate very oblique, apex acuminated; aper-
ture chestnut within, anteriorly a little acuminated.

SowEi:iiV.

Ilab. Kiver Torrens, South Australia.

The decussated texture of this speci'

leculiar.

Species 86. (JIi

Copied.)

Phtsa castanea. Pli//. testd breri. soUdd, inflatd,

castaned, Iccvigatd, lineis nigricantibus strigatd ;

spird brevi, anfractibus paucis, brevibus, angulatis ;

vllviiio anfractu magna, subcylindricd ; plied

columellari prominenti.
The chestnut Phtsa. Shell short, solid, inflated,

chestnut-coloured, smooth, striped with blackish

lines ; spire short, whorls few, short, angular ;

last whorl large, subcylindrical ; columellar fold

prominent.
Sowerby. Genera of Shells, Lyiuna?a, PL II.
Hab. Australia.

Sjiecies 87. (Mus. Brit.)

Phtsa subrotuxda. Phy. testd parvd, pallide filled,
semiglubosd ; spird brevissimd, anfractu unico
rotundo, ultimo anfractu magna, inflatd; aperturd
magna ; plied columellari rctrorsd, tortud.

The roundish Phtsa. Shell small, pale-fulvous,
semiglobose ; spire very short, with a single
rounded whorl, last whorl large, inflated ; aperture
large ; columella turned back, tortuous.

SOWERBT.

Hab. North America.

The writer could not find any description or figure
applicable to this shell.

Pima 11. XL

4

«

«

«

Vili(«L'?:..;"': ,ti(3nlli!t>

P H Y S A.

(Fig. 7, /;, c. ]\Ius. Sowcrby.)
I'liYSA HTPNORra. Lhiii. (Pliitt'I.) The larger, flii. <',
from the Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States ;
and the smaller (fig. b.), a pretty little chequered
shell, from liombav.

Species 8.S. (Fig. a, h, IMus. Legrand.)
I'iivs.\ .\I'Ki:t.a. Phi), tcitti'i p/ii-n'i, finri, orald, iiijltitil,
epidcrmide o/ii-aci'o-fiiscd iiidiit,} ,■ .sy//;-,; l,n'i-i.<s/i,iti,
anfractibiis diiohn.i ; ■uIUhkj ini/hntii liijhit,,,
snperni! suhijihboso : aperiwd rnugiu'i, lnli), iiilic.-:
subcirniled, columdld tortiid, p/icd prviuiiiuld.
The open Physa. Shell small, short, ovate, inllafed,
covered with an olive-brown epidermis; spire
very short, with two whorls; last whorl iullated,
rather giljbous aliovo; aperture largi., broad,
bluish within, columella tortuous, fold rather
jirominent.

//.(//. Near Hamilton, .\ustralia.

I am indebted lor this interesting little species, and
several of the following, to Mr. Lcgrand, of Ilobart
Town.

Species 89. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Legmnd.)

l'l[VS.\ EBURNE.\. Phi;. ICStd i/Kti-ili, (Jitii/in), Sllb/'ll:ji-

formi, poh'id, a/bd, Jh/v.sr, ,,/i, s, mliHllun.ld :
spird driii,ii,i,it,}, ,/ni,iit apn-lurd lni,;lli>ii: a/i/nicti-
bus oblbpiis, drr/irihii.^, oltn,ii,ili.-< : ,iprrt,ird bir-
viusculd, siibaiirijinmi, iiilus fiisai-i ubcscvnti : culu-
melld tortm, albd medio interdum inrrassatd .
The ivop.y Phvs.^. Shell slender, oblique, rather fusi-
form, polished, white fawn, semijiellucid ; spire
acuminated, longer than the aperture ; whorls

oblique, sloped, attenuated ; aperture rather short,
sidiauriforin, reddisli-lirown within; columella
tortuous, white, sometimes thickened in the
middle.

Sowehby.

Uab. Near Launce.ston, Tasmania.

S])ecies 90. (:\Ius. Legrand.)

PiiYSA MAMii.i.ArA. Pbi/. ti'std clongcttd, fiiscd, antice
aiibi.rpiinsd : spird qiiaiii (iperturd bfevitlsculd ;
(iiifrurlibiis <i/iiriilibii.<i iiiinutis, acmuiiiatis, (mte-
pniiilliiiii: iiilbilo, ;/il>bn.<:i.p:'iii.'I:ini!> iiiflato, gibboso,
('liiihjtilo : ii/liiiii) aiilhdin. alliiiiuiln, subctjlindrico,
(iiiiifi- (ibli'/iir .siibc.i //imxd ; ujiiiinrd oblongd, intils
n/tbviubiccd, culiimelld tciiiii, tortud, plied elevatd.

The masimillated Piiysa. Shell elongated, brown,
anteriorly somewhat expanded ; spire a little
shorter than aperture; apiral whorls minute,
acuminated, antepcmdtimate inllated, gilibous,
p.ntiltimate inflated; last whorl attenuated, sub-
cylindrical, anteriorly obli(piely rather expanded;
aperture oblong, rather violet within; columella
thin, tortuous, [jlait elevated.

Sowei:i:y.

Iliih. Brunni Island.

The iieeuliarity of this speci -s is the manner in

which the antepenultiiriate wlioil suddenly expands

after the contracted apex; and the penultimate

drawn out to a great length.

Species 91. (Kig. a, A.)
Physa PUNCifiiATA. Pbi/. tr.-itd lemiisfimd, olivaceo-
fit.-'cd, oblique siiburrifd, tciiiii<siiiie striato-punc-
turiitd ; sjiiid prudiitid, aruiiiimdd, aiifractibus

r, 1874.

PIIYSA.— Plate XL

medianis disttnctiis, versus suluram tumidis, api-
calibus parvis ; ultimo anfractu inflato, superne
subgibhoso, antice attenuato, acuminato ; columella
tenutssmd, plied conspicud, elevatd.
The punctured Phtsa. Shell very thin, olive-brown,
obliquely subovate, very finely punctured in strife;
spire produced, acuminated, middle whorls distinct,
tumid towards the suture, those of the apex small;
last whorl inflated, rather gibbous above, at-
tenuated in front, acuminated ; columella very
thin, plait conspiciious, elevated.

ScrWERBY.

Hab. Australia.

Species 92. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
Physa contorta. Phy. testa parvd, corned, bred,
inflatd ; spird brevi, acuminata, anfractibus panels,
distinctis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, lata, subcylin-
drico ; apertura angustd, rectiHsculd, plica colmnel-
lari incoiispicud.
The contorted Physa. Shell small, horny, short, in-
flated ; spire short, acuminated, whorls few,
distinct ; last whorl short, broad, somewhat cylin-
drical; aperture narrow, rather straight, colu-
mella fold inconspicuous.

MlCHAUD ?

Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

Phvm I1.X1L

• I

•

as

^'tncont Brooks J).iy i &ci[»,linp

r II Y S A

■SA Aunici
■inu'ii tlian

(Fig. 07, h, :\Ius. Sowerby.)

more cluiracteristic

vix. Fro
Plate IX.

Species 1)3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Smverby.)
PiiYSA iMNGUi.s. I'lui. testd ofdlu, tumida, castimcd vd
piiUide olivaci'd, di-'tanier fusco faticiatd ; spird
bi-evi, anfractiliiis ajncatibus parvis, pctmltimo
valdi hi/lato, brevi, ulliino ovato, prope sidiintm
siibgibbofd ; apertiiid iHttts corned, Jrcqiniilir
costaneo fasciatd ; columella tutus subduplinitd.
Tilt sniur Pliv.-iA. Shell ovato, tiiinia, clie^tnut or
pale olive, di.<taiitly banded witli brown; spire
short, apical whorls small, penultinuilo niiu-li
inflated, short, tlie last ovate, rather gibbous near
the .suture ; aperture horny within, often banded
■svith chestnut; columella somewhat duplicate

Sn\vi:i;iiV.

llab. South Australia.

The doubling ol" the columellur fold, which may be
observed by turning the shell a little, is a character
much more conspicuously presented in Species lUU.

Species 94. (Mus. Legrand.)

PlIVSA ATTENUATA. PIiij. testd pijmmidald, ariimiiKild,
obliqud, J'usco-cOTiieA, kuKjitudinaUter tcimitir
sU-iatd ; spird prodiictd, aiifractibus cequalitcr
crescentibiis, declivibiia, pemdtimo loii/jiuscidn ;
aperturd miriformi, intua purpurea, labia exlcrrin
siniiato, columella tenui, plica elevald.

The .^TTENU.'iTED PuYSA. Shell pyramidal, acuminated,
obi ique, horny-brown, longitudinally finely striated ;
spire produced, whorls equally increasing, sloped,
last rather long; aperture ear-shaped, purple
■within, outer lip sinuous, columella thin, fold
raised.

SijWEi:i!v.

Ilab. Dulverton Lake, Australia.

This species nearly resend

los Plii/.<a mainillata in

general appearance, but it h

IS not the siuklen swell

of the penultimate wlmrl whe

ice that shell derives its

name.

Species 95. (.Ml

s. Sowerby.)

PlIYSA TI.:.\TUI!ATA. Phi/. Irs

-/ .^id,fii.<ijnniii. soUdiiis-

culd, J)iiiio.<o-olirar(i}, mi

iit/.^.-^niie ,•.■,•;/■/> .•'piralibus

cl Cdiii-ciilrici:! Ic.iii'ral.i

: .-ijiir,! aruiitiiiatd, fere

ci/iiiliii-aiii loinjiliiiliiii' iiip

iiiiti, anj'iactibus declivi-

bii.-; rapldc nr.<rcnlihiis .

idliiiio onfractu ovato,

tumid,,: a/„rtnrai„tiis/,i.s

a, culnmdld crassiusculd.

The TE.\rri:i:ii Phvsa. Shell subfusiform, rather solid,
smoky-olive, very minutely textured with spiral
and concentric stria; ; spire acuminated, nearly
e(|ualling the aperture in length, whorls sloped,
rai)idly increasing; last whorl ovate, tumid;
aperture brown within; columella rather thick,
scarrrly phiited.

JIab. South Australia.

Under the lens this shell appears as if impressed with
a fine -woven fabric.

PllYS.l

Sjiecies OG. (Mus. Sowerby.)
I'APYi;acea. Plii/. testa oblonffo-stibci/lindricd,
lissimd, pallide cornea, miiiutissime subundu-
latim striata ; spird brevi ; ultimo anjractu oblongo,
ad laterd paulo compresso ; columelld tenui, arcuatd,
jilicd vix conspicud.
The paper Phtsa. Shell oblong-subcylindrical, very
tliin, pale horny, -with very minute undulated
striffi ; spire short ; last whorl oblong, a little com-
pressed at the sides ; columella thin, arched, plait
hardly conspicuous.

SOWEIIBY,

Hab.

A remarkably thin, subcylindricul shell.

November, 1874.

PIIYSA.— Plate XII.

Species 97. (Mus. Sowerby.)
Phtsa dullata. Phy. testa majusculd, tenuissimd^
fusco-corned, distaiitcr Jusco fasciatd, ovato-inflatA ;
rugis tenuihus longitudinalibus leviter undulatd ;
spird hreui, anfractihus apicalihus minutis, penul-
tino brevi, injlato; ultimo injlato, superne gihhoso,
antice suhaltemiato ; apertiird elongatd, stilmiri-
formi; columelld tortud, plica tenui, prominenti.
The bubule Physa. Sliell rather large, rather thin,
horny-brown, distantly banded with brown ; ovate-
inflated, lightly undulated with fine longitudinal
wrinkles ; spire short, apical whorls minute,
penultimate inflated, last inflated, gibbous above,
rather attenuated anteriorly ; aperture elongated,
somewhat auriform ; columella tortuous, fold thin,
prominent.

SOWERBT.

Hah. South Aitstralia.

Physa castanca is a much more solid and angular
shell than tins.

Species 98. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Legrand.)
Physa nitida. Phy. teftd parvd, subfusiforrrd, pallide
fulvd, Iwvigatd, ohliqud; spird breviusculd, an-
fractihus apicalihus acuminatis, parvis, penullimo
injlato ; idtimo anfractu ovato, tumidiusculo, antice
rotunda ; aperturd ovatd, columelld tortud, plied
inconspicud.
The neat Physa. Shell snjall, subfusiform, pale
fulvous, smooth, obli(]ue ; sjjire rather short, apical
whorls acuminated, small, the penultimate inflated;
last whorl ovate, rather tumid, anteriorly rounded ;
aperture ovate, columella tortuous, plait incon-
spicuous.

Sowerby.

Hah. In creeks of South-east Tasmania.

Species 99. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Legrand.)

Physa Brunniknsis. Phy. testd parvd, ohlongd,
anr/ustd, pellucidd., nitenti ; spird hreviiisciild, an-
fractihus tribus, distinciis, prope suturam gihbosis^
ultimo oblongo ; aperturd angusliusculd, columelld
tenuissimd, plica inconspicud.

The Brdnni Island Physa. Shell small, oblong,
narrow, pellucid shining; spire rather short,
whorls three, distinct, gibbous near the suture,
the last oblong ; aperture rather narrow, columella
very thin, plait inconspicuous.

Sowerby.

Hah. Brunni Island, Australia.

I am not aware of this pretty little species having

been named before.

Species 100. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Physa duplicata. Phy. testa solidd, caslaned, hreviiis-
culd ; spird acuminata, anfractibus ohliquis,
declivihus, ultimo injlato, breviilsculo ; aperturd
suhovatd, (juamspird longiori; lahio externa sinuato;
columelld rectiuseuld, incrassatd, plied duplicata.

The double-plaited Physa. Shell solid, chestnut,
rather short ; spire acuminated, whorls oblique,
slojjed, the last inflated, rather short ; aperture
subovate, longer than the spire; outer hp sinuated ;
columella rather straight, thickened, with a double
plait.

SowEniiY.

Hah. Wide Bay, Australia.

P [1 Y S A.

Plnte.

aciculata, .S'o(re% VIII.

acuminata, 6'r<(^ ? III.

acuta, Ih'diuiriKiiiil II,

Afncana, Adams 1.

AMc-MMi, K null's I.

Algocnsis, ,l/<ire/r/ VII.

Aliciic, Re,i-e I.

amygdalus, .S'>iy</V>^ VIII.

ancillai-la, .Si/y I.

antipodea, Soirer/it/ V.

n-pcrUi, Soirerhi/ XI.

attennata, Soicerbi/ Xil.

aurantia, .' II.

auriculata, 6V(.«/('.9 XI.

(And Fig. 07 l>, PI. XII.)

hadia, Adanii: atu/ Angtin VII.

Bengueleusis, .S'ojoer&y IX.

bonus Ilenricus, Adams and Angm V.

Brunnieusis, Sowcvby XII.

bullata, &»Y,% XII.

Cakdonica, Monl.t IX.

carinata, //. Adams III.

castanea, i'o»v7% X.

concmna., Aduiiis and Amjai \.

coQtoYta, Micliaiid XI.

Cubensis, Pfeiff>r Vil.

Cumingii, //. ^I'Af??;*- VI.

cylindrica, De Kai/ IX.

diapliana, Kiauss X .

dispar, 5o»-er//.y VIII.

distorta, Haldnnan IX.

duplicata, >'n»'. ;■/>(/ XII.

eburnea, .S'ii(r,7-/"/ XI.

elliptica, jCra IX.

elongata, ,S(;/y IV.

krvnainea, Adam/' an<l ArKjas I\'.

fontinalis, Liiinans I.

fragilis, jl/iV/Zir/f/.s- IV.

fnscii, Bosiiiasler IX.

gibbosa, Gim!d

granulata, Shiitthiroiih

Guilliani, «",•,-«, ,7 Mar!,-

gyriiia, S,,,i

heterostroplia, Saii

Hildretbianffi, Lea

humerosa, Goii/f/ VI

hy\mornm, Linnwiis I.

(And Fig. 7 h, c. I'l. XI.)
inflata, Adn,,.-' and .4«;/«> ....

inlhiviata. Mo,, 1,1

integra, ll,d,l.m,ni

Jukesii, A. Ailains

Kanakina, (iassiis

latilabiata, Hoinrl,,/

Lurdi, Bai,;!

ma;sta, //. Ad,ims

mamillata, Sou; rhii

Mareotica, Soir,-ili,/

Maugeriffi, Qiici/

microstoma, Uahlniiaii

Natalensis, Kraiiss

neritoidea, Soicerbii

Newconibi, Adams and Anijas

nitida, Sowerby

Novae Hollandias, BlainvUlc

IV.

27

V.

o'i

X.

84

V.

;i6

VI.

11.

45

Novae Zeiandia;, Cray IV

obesa, //. ^4 dams

olivacea, Adams and L'ecre

p.-ipyracea, Sowei-hy

Peruviana, Gray

pinguis, Sowerby

plicata, Z)f 7u/// IX,

proteu.s, Sowerhi/ A' I

puncturata, Souvr/iy

pyramidata, So trvrb//

Reevii, Adcwis an, I An,ias

reticulata, Gould VII

rivalis, Soicfrhy IV.

I.

4

11.

10

III.

19

IX.

71

IX.

OS

V.

S:i

IV.

2 s

IV.

32

NI.

90

X.

7s

II.

11

X.

so

X.

79

X.

S2

III.

21

XII.

OS

II.

10

IV.

29

III.

24

V.

34

XII.

90

II.

12

XIL

93

IX.

70

VI.

43

XI.

91

VIII

02

VI.

40

Plate.

Salleanffi, P/e#r 1^.

Sayi, Gray VII.

semiglobosa, Weslerland VI.

sinuata, Gould VII.

soVida, Fhilippi II-

Sowerbyana, Orhigny ■• VI.

spiciilata, jl/orefci VI.

striata, Orhiijnij VIII

subinflata, Sowerby I-

subrotunda, Sowerhy X.

subiiadata, Sowerby VIII

tabulata, Gould HI-

tenuistriata, Sowerby X.

22

Plate. Species.

terebra, Benson X. 83

tetrica, i/oreto VIII. GO

texurata, 5otf«% XII. 95

1 ong&ns., Quoy VII. 54

triticea, Z.eti VII. 4i)

tropica, /irawss V. 32*

truncata, H. Adams III. 2(»

\a.\iA\cv\eTX&nsis, Sowerhy VIII. 57

\cntviQ.os&, Guilding IX. 74

vmoaa, Gould II. 15

virgata, Gould VII. 4'i

\\\x?&a., Parreys VIII. (.5

Walbergii, Soiverby VUI. 5«

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

SOLECURTUS.

" For the dear God, who loveth us,
He made and lo^^tth all."— Coleridge

Splniiiius ri. I.

t

Vbic™t Brook, aiy* Sou tmi'

S 0 L E C U R T U S.

Genus SOLECURTUS, Blainville.

Testa transverse oblonga, bimuscuhsa, utrinque truncata,
hians ; medio planulato, umhonibus ceiitralibus vet
subcentralibus. Impressio pallii late sinuata, tiga-
mentum externum. Denies cardinnles uncinnati.

Shell transversely oblong, bimuacular, truncated and
gaping at each end ; lluttened in the middle, with
central or subcentral umboes. Palleal impression
broadly sinuous. Ligament external, cardinal
teeth hooked.

Our Solecu7-ti will be found to include the genera
Macha,Pharella, Siliquarki, and Novaculina of modern
authors; so that, with the exception oi' Plianis, all the
Solenida; are divided into, first, Solen proper, with the
umboes terminal ; .second, Cultellus, with the um-
boes much one-sided, although not terminal ; and
third, SoLECfRTUS, with umboes central, or nearly
central. And this distribution by the position of the
hinge is pretty generally concurrent with other charac-
ters of the shells. The geographical distribution of
these, like that of other Soknidce, does not appear to
be guided by any general rule. We have a couple of
species on our own coast ; Novaculina is found in the
mud of Indian and Chinese rivers. North and South
America, Africa and Australia, contribute each a few
species.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTUS EXARATi-s. S"l. tcstd rkomboided, alba,
snli'is di.-itantihus, obh-juis, diearicatis sculptd ;
margine dursali redo, nmbonibus hand prominenti-
hus ; latere antico breviilsculo, ad tei-minum
dorsnlem amratn ; latere postico elongato, ad
terminum oblique tniiiento ; margine ventrali sub-
convexo.

The pLOConED Soleclrtus. Shell rhomboidal, white,
sculptured with distant, oblique, diverging

grooves; dorsal margin straight, umboes not
prominent; anterior side rather short, cornered at
the end; posterior side elongated, obliquely trun-
cated at the end ; ventral margin a little convex.

Philipm. Abbildungeu, &c.

Hab. China.

A white sliell of more angular form than .S'. strii/i-
lalus.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTUS OBLoxous. Sol. tcita transverse elongatd,
alba, concentrice rngatd, antice obscure sulcis
numerosis oblit^tiis, diniricatis sculptd, medio planu-
lato, sulco comp/aiiato inipresso ; latere anliro
breviilsculo, subai-uiiiiiial'i ; laltre posfico elongato,
ad terniinum snbrotiindo, margine dursali sub-
e.rcacato, margine ventrali recto.
The oblong Solecuhtus. Shell transversely elongated,
white, concentrically wrinkled, anteriorly ob-
scurely sculptured with numerous oblique
diverging sulci, flattened in the middle, impressed
with a flattened sulcus ; anterior side rather short,
rather acuminated ; posterior side elongated,
rather rounded at the end, with dorsal margin a
little hollowed, ventral margin straight.
DoRux. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISCl.
Ilab. Isl. Luzon.

Mui'h narrower th.an S'llrcurtiis Schcepmacheri, with
dorsal margin excavated, and posterior side more pro-
duced.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)
SoLECURTUS soLiDus. Sol. tcstd subrhoialjoided, oblonga,
alba, epidermide fused, rngatd indutd ; latere antien
breviilsculo, subnttemiato, margine dorsal t dernei,
margine ventrali arrliri ; medio planulato, snh-
coutracto, sulco iinj)refsn ; latere poslico ri'gat",

Novembsr, 1874.

SOLECURTUS.— Plate I.

obtuse angulato, oblongo, margine dorsali redo,
termiiiali oblique truiicato.

The solid Solecurtus. Shell subrliomboidal, oblong,
white, covered with a brown wrinkled epidermis ;
anterior side rather short, rather attenuated, dorsal
margin sloped downwards, ventral sloped up-
wards ; middle flattened, rather contracted, im-
pressed with a groove ; posterior side rugose, ob-
tusely angular, oblong, dorsal margin straight,
terminal obliquely truncated.

Gray. Spicelegia Zoologica, t. 3, f. 12.

Hab. Peru.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

SOLECUKTl-S STRIGILATL'S, Sol. tCftd COllVexa, SoUdc.,

utringue obtuse iruncatd, late Manti ; rosea, medio
albo hiradiatd, sulcis ohliquis, divaricatis, ad
angulum posticum angulatis sculptd ; latere postico
oblongo ; latere antico obtuse truncato.

The cuery-combep Solecurtds. Shell convex, solid,
obtusely truncated on each side, broadly gaping ;
pink, with two white rays in the middle, sculptured
with oblique, diverging sulci, angular at the pos-
terior angle ; posterior side oblong ; anterior side
obtusely truncated.

LiNN^us. Systema Naturce.

Hah. Mediterranean and Atlantic.

The British Solecurtus candidus was formejly
supposed to belong to this species.

ScLemnm fill

%LceiitBTOo'ksT>-^S Sua, hup.

S 0 L E C U R T U S.

Species o. (Mus. Brit.)

SiiLECunrrs Qcoyi. Sol. testa ohluph'i, I'/ic/di'/atirdli,
alki, nmlio et posticc distanter et obliqn,'- milratd ;
siileis propc marginem dorsalem /rtnirslm aiigula-
(is ; latere antico bm'i, rotundato ; latere postico
iircuato, oblique triincato; inargine dorsali nlriiique
excavato ; marr/ine rentrali conve.ro.

CJuoy's SoLECUincs. Shell oblique, inequilateral,
white, distantly and obliquely grooved in the middle
and posteriorly ; grooves angularly tnrncd bade
near the dorsal margin ; anterior side short,
rounded ; posterior side curved, obliquely trun-
cated ; dorsal margin excavated on both sides;
ventral margin convex.

Desh.wes. MS. in the Cuniingian collection.

Ilab. Philippines.

Rather an arclied species with lew curved grooves.

Species G. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTU.s .•\i;bi:evi.\tcs. Sol. testa judliilr /'nlo'i,
comprcssd, vtrinque tnuicata, pavlo upcita ; roii-
centrice rugatd;- latere postico ohlhpie Iruneatu ;
latere antico hreviusctdo ; medio sidco lata depremi;
intiig medio leviter cosiato ; margine vcntrali recto,
ad siilcnm medianmn sinuate : marginc dorsali
idrinquc declivi.

The AisBUEViATED SoLECURTL-.s. Shell pale fulvous,
compressed, truncated at each end, a little open ;
concentrically wrinkled ; posterior side obliquely
truncated, anterior side rather short ; middle de-
pressed witli a broad groove, sliglitly ribbed at the
middle within ; ventral margin straight, sinuous
at the medial groove ; dorsal margin sloped at
each side.

(ioui-n.

Hiiti. Malacca.

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)
SdLECumus Desii.wesii. Sol. testa albida
inargintm anticum Icevi, deinde ohliqi

iibliqtii} trun-
,ir,li„ sid.ran-
lit angulatim.

3th

ratlin sulcata ; latere jnisii. .. ,
rata ; iiiargiiie ventra/i
tracio ; sidcis propi' inai'.ii u
retrorsis.

Deshates' Solecui:tl-s. Shell whitish, straight,

near the anterior margin, thence obliquely, some-
what divergently grooved; posterior side elongated,
obliquely truncated ; ventral margin rather
straight ; middle slightly contracted ; grooves
turned back angularly near the dorsal margin.

]1i;XKEn. Proc. Zool. Soc, LSGl.

Uah. Moreton Bay, Australia.

There are no distinct rays of :;olour, but a slight
central contraction in tiiis shell, and the grooves are
coiled up towards the dorsal margin, and then turned
back at a sharp angle.

Species S. (;\[us. Brit.)

Soi.ECunriJs coahctatus. Sol. leslA obluaga, pallide
J'ulvii, comprcssd, cpidirinidc riigalo iiididd, medio
coarctatd, Icerigata. iilriin/iii siihtrnneatd, hiaiiti ;
marginc dorsali siihdfclici.

The nariiowed SoLEiTinrs. Shell oblong, pale fulvous,
compressed, covered with a wrinkled epidermis,
narrowed in the middle, smooth, rather truncated
and open at eacli end ; dorsal margin somewhat
sloped.

LiioiJEUS. Systema Natnra".

Hub. Naples.

In Solccm-tus ahbrct
dejiression in the centre
form a groove. This i
.species.

(tiis and S. antiquatus, the
^ defined at the edges so as to
not the case in the present

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECUr.TUS SANCTiE-^[Ai;Tll.E. Sol. Iistd brcvi, altd,
albd, oblongo-sidiquadrata. ntrinqu': lutij hianti, et

SOLECUETUS.— Plate II.

iruncaid, vej'sus marginem anticum Icevi, inde
oblique et crelre sulcata ; sulcis post medium angu-
latini divaricatis; latere j)ostico oblongo, latere
antico hrevi ; inargiiie ventrali suhcontracto.

The St. Martha Solecuutus. Shell short, elevated,
white, oblong-squarish, gaping and truncated
widely at each end, smooth towards the anterior
margin, thence obliquely and closely grooved ;
grooves angularly divergent behind the middle ;
posterior side oblong, anterior side short ; ventral
mai-gin rather contracted.

DuNiCER. MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. North Australia.

The angles in the sulci radiate from the umbo to
the ventral margin of the posterior terminus. It is a
deep and widely gaping species resembling S. strigilatus,
but shorter.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecuutus Austrahs. Sol. testa oblongd, stibdepressd,
tenia, rosea, radiatim cdho fasciatd, anticc prope
marginem Icevigatd, fere oinnino tcnuiter creberrime
siilcatd ; sulcis postici acute angulatis ; angidis a
termino radiatim distaniibus.

The Australian Solecurtus. Shell oblong, subde-
pressed, thin, pink, radiately white-banded, an-
teriorly smooth near the margin, nearly all over
finely very closely grooved ; grooves posteriorly
sharply angular ; angles distant from the end in a
radiating direction.

Dtjnker. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Bob. Moreton Bay.

The sculpture of this species is very fine, and the

angles of the sulci radiate from the umboes to the

posterior ventral angle.

Svlc(urtiis?lU\.

TfaicentBToote DijitSmlmi)

SOLECURTUS.

Plate III.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLi-fCUTUS MixuTUs. Si^l. ttstd parv't, albidA, semi-
pellucidd, coiiiprcssd, snhrenijonni, Icevhjatd, aii-
(kv conceiiirice inif/atd ; latere antico hreviUsculv,
medio coarctato, sinuato ; latere postico attemcaio,
uhliquo, subacumiiiato.

The mincte Solecuiitus. Shell small, ivhitish, semi-
pellucid, compressed, slightly reniforra, smooth
anteriorly concentrically wrinkled ; anterior side
rather short; middle narrowed, sinuous; pos-
terior side thin, oblique, rather acuminated.

DuNKKi:. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1801.

Mab. Morcton Bay.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTUs PiiiLiPPiXAP.UM. Sol. testd oUongd, uinnqui
truncatd, hianti, rosed, medio fasciis albis biradiata;
antic!' Iccviijatd, versiis anguluni anticum, medio et
po.itice sulcia oblique arcuatis; i^ro^jSi marginem
posticum dorsalem angulatis et divaricatis sculptd ;
marginibus dorsali ventralique rectis.

The Philippine Solecurtus. Shell oblong, truncated
at each end, gaping, pink, with two wliite rays in
the middle ; smooth anteriorly, towards the an-
terior angle, in the middle and posteriorly
sculptured with obliquely arched sulci ; angular
and divergent near the posterior dorsal margin ;
dorsal and ventral margins straight.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1874.

Ilab. Philippines.

This species resembles Solecurtus strigilatus, but

has a wde anterior space without sulci, and the angles

of the posterior sulci are in a lino near the posterior

dorsal margin.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.) j

Solecurtus antiquatus. Sol. tedd compressd, oblomjd, \ Solecurtus
sordidd, epidennide finnoso-fusco indutd, ad latera qu'- In

ioni:cHtri<c riigntd : latere antico angitstinsciito, ad
terminiim rotundato ; medio subexcavato, siibcoarc-
tato, radiatim unisulcato ; latere, postico paidd
longiore, latiore, oblique subtrimcato ; imibonibus
subcentralibus ; margine antico-dorsali declivi.

The antiquated Solecurtus. Shell compressed, oblong,
dingy, covered with a smoky-brown epidermis,
concentrically wrinkled at the sides ; anterior side
rather narrow, rounded at the end ; somewhat
excavated and narrowed in tlie middle, with a
radiating groove ; posterior side a little longer
and wider, a little truncated obliquely ; ximboes
subcentral ; antero-dorsnl margin sloped down-
wards.

Pennant. Zoology.

Rab. Mediterranean.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus Scheepm.\cheri. Sol. testd oblongd, trape-
zoided, rUrinque subtruncatd, obiiqud, jwidu hianti;
concentrice ncgatd, sordido cdbd, cpidermide nigoso
indutd, medio planulato, depresso, radiatim uni-
sulcato ; margine ventrali recto ; margine dorsali
titrinquu declivi ; latere antico breviitscido.

Scheepmachek's Solecurtus. Shell oblong, trapezoidal,
rather truncated, oblique and a little gaping at
each end; concentrically wrinkled, dull white,
covered with a rough epidermis ; flattened, de-
pressed, and with a single radiating groove in the
middle ; ventral margin straight, dorsal margin
sloped at each end ; anterior side rather short.

DuxKEK. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Hub. ?

largest of this depressed form.

One of

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)
ulcatu.s. Sol. testd oblongd, rosed, titrin-
cald, ante medium tt dcind! ad icnninum

SOLECURTUS.— Plate III.

posticum profmM sulcata ; sutcis suhdistantibiis,
undulafim ciirvis, propi marginem dorsalcm recur-
vis ; latere antico brevi, prope marginem dorsalem
coiicentrice rugctto, margine dorsali declivi ; latere
postico elongato; margine dorsali paxdo arcuato.

The grooved Solecurtus. Shell oblong, pink, trun-
cated at each end, deeply grooved before the
middle and thence to the posterior end ; grooves
rather distant, curved in waves, recurved near the
dorsal margin ; anterior side short, concentrically
grooved near tlie dorsal margin; dorsal margin
sloped ; posterior side elongated ; dorsal niarcin a
little arched.

DuNKER. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

JIal). Moreton Bay.

The wavily grooved sculpture of this species is very
remarkable.

Species IG. (Mu^;. ISiit.)

Solecurtus albus. Sol. tcstd elongato, angustd, sub-
comjyressd, utrinque paulo hianti, albd ; latere
antico brevi, radiatim leviter costatu ; latere postico
elongato, versus nmbones oblique sulcato, versds
tenninum concentrice rugato, margine terminali
rotundo ; margine ventrali subexcavato.

The white Solecurtus. Shell elongated, narrow,
rather compressed, a little gaping at each end,
white; anterior side short, sliglitly radiately

ribbed ; posterior side elongated, ol>liquely grooved
towards the umboes ; concentrically wrinkled
towards tlie end, terminal margin rounded ;
ventral margin a little excavated.

Martyn. ?

Hab. ?

The obli(]UC grooves are few ami
is very inequilateral.

It, and the sliell

Species 17. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus candidus. Sol. testa ohlmigd, alba, sub-
depiressd, inmquilate.rali, vtrinqm'- hianti, prope
terminum anticum Icevigatd ; fen oinnino oblique
sulcato; stdcis versus marginem dorsalem angulatis,
recurvis ; latere antico brevi, truncato ; latere iws-
tico subrottmdo ; margine ventrali medio concave.

The candid Solecurtus. Shell oblong, white, subde-
pressed, inequilateral, gaping at each end, smooth
near the anterior end ; obliquely grooved nearly all
over ; grooves towards the dorsal margin angular
and recurved ; anterior side short, truncated ;
posterior side rather rounded ; ventral margin
concave in the middle.

Eenieri. Desh. Traite Elementaire.

Ilab. British and Mediterranean Seas.

The British specimens are much smaller than the
one iiere figtired.

•SoUairIm Pl.W.

SOLECURTUS.

Plate IV.

Species 18, (Mus. Sowerby.)

SoLECDRTus CENTRALIS. Sol. testd oblonffd, inflatd,
alhidd, epidermide olivaceo-fusco indutd ; latere
antico elongato, ventricoso, versus terminum rugato,
inargine terminali infrd sursitm acclivi, supi-a siib-
cuneato; margine dorsali elevato, subarouato; latere
antico breviori, angusto, oblique angulato, ad ter-
minum truncato ; margine ventrali medio subcon-
tracto.

The central Solecurtus. Shell oblong, inflated)
whitisli, covered with an olive-brown epidermis ;
anterior side elongated, ventricose, wrinkled to-
wards the end, terminal margin below sloped
upwards, above cuneated ; dorsal margin elevated,
a little arched ; anterior side rather shorter, narrow
obliquely angular, truncated at the end ; ventral
margin a little contracted.

Conrad ?

Hab. Georgia.

This, like several other approximate species, has the
greater length at the anterior side.

Fig. 19. (Mus. Sowerby.) j

Solecurtus antiquatus. Species 13, Plate III. It ,

was not till after the plates were printed that the j

identity of this shell was discovered. It is a very j
different variety.

Species 20. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Solecurtus sejhnudus. Sol. testa oblongd, inflatd,
versus umbones mediumque oblique, distanter sul-
catd; utrinque truncaid, late hianti, earned, fasciis
albidis duabus medio radiatd ; latere antico brevi,
cuneato, subquadrato ; latere postico producto, mar-
gine tenninali oblique truncato ; margine dorsali
recti ; margine ventrali medio excavato.

The uale-baue Solecurtus. Shell oblong, inflated,
obliquely and distantly grooved towards the um-
bones and centre, truncated at each end, broadly
gaping, flesh-coloured, rayed with two whitish
bands in the middle ; anterior side short, cuneated,
nearly square ; posterior side produced, terminal
margin obhijuely truncated; dorsal margin
straight ; ventral margin excavated in the middle.

SOWEKUY.

I/ab. '!

This sliell has a peculiar contraction in the middle,
and the oblique diverging grooves only extend from
the umbonal region to near the middle, then dying out
so as to leave the rest of the surface smooth and bare.
It has a general resemblance to Solecurtus strigilatus,
from which it is evidently distinct.

Species 21. (Fig. a, b.)

Solecurtus Cakib.eus. Sol. testd ohkngd, albidd,
retiusculd; latere antico quam posticmn longiori,
rotunda, mperne obscure cuneato; latere postico
obtuse angidato, angustiusculo, margine terminali
late truncato ; margine dorsali antice recto, postice
excavato, margine ventrali recto.

The caribean Solecurtus. Shell oblong, whitish,
rather straight ; anterior side larger than the
posterior, rounded, obscurely cuneated above;
posterior side obtusely angular, rather narrow,
terminal margin broadly truncated, dorsal margin
anteriorly straight, posteriorly excavated ; ventral
margin straight.

Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert. Solen, Sp. 13.

Solen Gnineensis, Delwyn.

Hab. America.

The difference in form between this and Species 18,

will be apparent to the eye.

August, 1874.

SoleciirUis PL V.

SOLECURTUS.

Species 22. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit, and Sowerby.)

SoLECURTus coQUiMBENSis. Sol. testd ohlougd, fasciis
latis purpureis radiatd, medio planatd, antice pos-
ticeque rugatd ; latere antico quam posticus pauld
hreniori, margine dorsali declivi ; latere postico ad
teiininum superne declivi, margine dorsali prope
umbones excavato ; margine ventrali recto.

The coquimbo Solecurtus. Shell oblong, rayed with
broad purple bands, flattened in the middle,
wrinkled in front and behind ; anterior side a little
shorter than posterior, with dorsal margin sloped ;
posterior side sloped above at the end with dorsal
margin excavated near the umbones ; ventral
margin straight.

Sowicnr.Y.

Ilab. Coquimbo.

The smaller specimen is in the r.ritish IMuseum
marked as Domhei/i, to which T do not think it lieloiigs.
The locality attached is as stated above.

Species 23. (Mus. Sowerby.)

SoLECrRTCS CTLiNDRicus. Sol. testa oblongd, angnsld,
gibbosd vtrinqui oblique angidat't ; albd,cpidcrmide
fusco rugato indutd ; latere antico quam anticus
longiori, ad teiinimtm acute angidato ; latere postico
angnstiori, brevion, suht7'uncato, mai-gine dorsali
depresso, mhexcavato ; margine ventrali recto.

The cylindrical Solecurtus. Shell oblong, narrow,
gibbous, obliquely angular at both ends; white,
covered with a brown rough epidermis ; anterior
longer than posterior side, sharply angular at the
end; posterior side narrower, shorter, subtruncated,
with the dorsal margin depressed, rather excavated ;
ventral margin straight.

Sowerby.

Hab. ?

Differing from Sol. Carihccvs in the narrowness and
straightness of the general form and the angularity of
the oblique slope at each end.

cies 24. (Ml

5rit.)

Solecurtus violascens. Sol. testd elongatd,

utrinquc trinicatd, fasciis pallidis purpureis latis
radiatd, cpidermide pallide fusco indidd ; latere
antico elongato, attemiato ; latere postico bi-evi&scido,
latiori, margine dorsali suhekvato, margine ventrali
ad terminum sursHm acclivi.

The purplish Solecurtus. Shell elongated, compressed,
truncated at each end, rayed with broad pale
purple bands, covered with a pale brown epidermis;
anterior side elongated, attenuated ; posterior side
rather shorter, broader, dorsal margin a little raised,
ventral margin sloped upwards at the end.

Deshayes — — ? IMS. Brit. Mus.

ITah. S. W. Mexico.

Species 2,^. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Solecurtus acutidens. Sol. testd elongatd, angustd,
tcnui, utrinque angulatd, versus terminos valide
liratd ; latere antico brevi, margine terminali ro-
tunda ; latere postico elongato, ad terminum sub-
truncato ; medio complanato, margine ventrali sub-
contracio.

The sharp-tooth Solecurtus. Shell elongated, narrow,
thin, angular at eacli end, strongly ridged towards
the ends ; anterior side short, with terminal margin
rounded ; po.sterior side elongated, somewhat
truncated at the end; flattened in the middle,
ventral margin a little contracted.

SowERP.y AMP Broderip. Zoological Journal, vol. iv.

Solen Michaudi, C'ailland.

Hab. Sumatra.

Aua-ust, 1874.

SolemrUis Tl. VI.

Vmcenl Brooks Da.y &.Son,'Iiiip.

SOLECURTUS.

Species 2C. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECDRTUS MOLLIS. Sol. tcstd palHdd, oblongd, antice
posticeque rtigatd, medio complanatd, sulco obliquo
radiatd, latere antico hrevi, subrotundo ; latere
■ postico prodvcto, recto, margine terminali late trun-
cato ; margine dorsali recto ; margine ventrali
medio paulo contracto.

The soft Solecurtus. Shell pale, oblong, anteriorly
and posteriorly wrinkled, flattened in the middle,
rayed with an oblique groove ; anterior side short,
rather rounded ; posterior side produced, straight,
with the terminal margin broadly truncated ;
dorsal margin straight; ventral margin a little
contracted in the middle.

Goi-LD ? MS. Mus. Brit.

//ab. ?

Much less oblique and more straightl y truncated than
Solecurtus constrictus, Lamarck.

?pecies 27. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus rufcs. Sol. tcstd compressd, elongatd, sub-
reni/ormi, subcequilaterali, purpurea, albo radiatd,
epidermide aureo-fusco indutd ; margine dorsali
arcuato, utrinque declivi, terminibus rotundis ; mar-
gine ventrali arcuatim concavo.

The red Solecurtus. Shell compressed, elongated,
somewhat kidney-shaped, nearly equilateral,
p\irple rayed with white, covered with a golden
brown epidermis; dorsal margin arched, sloped
downwards at each end ; ends rounded ; ventral
margin concave in an arch.

Boscn. ?

JIab. ?

The two ends of this shell are bent down so as to
form an arch of the whole.

Species 28. (Mus. ? copied.)

Solecurtus injequalis. Sol. testd elongatd, subinflatd,
postice angulatd ; purpureo late radiatd; latere antico
brevi, truncato ; latere postico perelongato, subex-
panso, ad terminum rotundatim truncato ; margine
dorsali ante umbones excavato, post umbones recto,
versUs terminum elevato ; margine ventrali fere
recto.
The unequal Solecurtus. Shell elongated, rather
inflated, posteriorly angular ; broadly rayed with
purple ; anterior side short, truncated ; posterior
side very long, rather expanded, roundly truncated
at the end ; dorsal margin excavated in front of
the uniboes, straight behind the umboes, raised
towards the end ; ventral margin nearly straight.
SowERBY. Reeve, Conch. Cyst. PI. XXVI.
Solecurtus Dombei, Reeve, not Lamarck.

Hab. ?

It has been found desirable to copy the figure re-
presenting the type.

Species 29. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus constrictus. Sol. testd oblongd, subcom-
pressd, utrinque rugatd, pallidd, epidermide tenui
indutd, medio complanatd, sulco obliquo radiatd;
latere antico brevi, margine dorsali producto ; latere
postico perelongato, margine terminali oblique trun-
cato, margine ventrali producto.

The constricted Solecurtus. Shell oblong, sub-
compressed, wrinkled at each end, pale, covered
with a thin epidermis, middle flattened, rayed with
an oblique sulcus ; anterior side short, with dorsal
margin produced ; posterior side much lengthened,
terminal margin obliquely truncated, ventral
margin produced.

Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert. Solen, Sp. 15.

Hab. China and Japan.

August, 1874.

SclecurtusPlVIl

SoweiMdri ellilli

Vin'-fnt Bioots lUy t Son Imp

SOLECURTUS.

Species 30. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTUS DoMBEi. Sol. testd elongatd, stthcequilatcmli,
fasciis purpureis latis radiatd; latere anticoohlongo,
ad terminum truncato ; latere postico pauld magis
expanse, ad marginem ventralem inflato ad mar-
ginem terminalem rotundo ; margine dorsali post
umhones excavato, ante umhones recto ; margim
ventral! medio arcuatim excavato.

Dombet's Solecurtus. Shell elongated, subeqnilateral,
rayed with broad purple bands; anterior side
oblong, truncated at the end ; posterior side a
little more expanded, inflated at the ventral
margin, rounded at the terminal margin ; dorsal
margin excavated behind the umboes, straight
before the umboes; ventral margin excavated
in an arch at the middle.

Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert. Solen, Sp. 12.

Ilab. S. America.

Among the numerous forms that have been referred

to this species, the one now figured appears best to

agree with the Lamarckean ideal.

Species 31. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus novaculina. Sol. testd ohlong'i, trape-
zoided, rectd, tenui, albidd, medio pland, ad latera
concenirice rugatd ; latere antico breviHsculo, latere
postico elongato, ad terminum oblique truncato;
margiiie dorsali recto ; margine ventrali vix con-
cave.

The Razor Solecurtus. Shell oblong, trapezoidal
straight, thin, whitish, flat in the middle, con-
centrically wrinkled at the end ; anterior side
rather short ; posterior side elongated, obliquely
truncated at the end ; dorsal margin straight ;
ventral margin scarcely concave.

Benson. (Genus Novaculina.)

7/(76. Near Calcutta.

Species 32. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus cosirLANAxus. Sol. testd compressd, tenui,
albidd, epidemiide rugoso indutd ; latere antico,
breviiisculo attenuate, ad terminum rotundato ; mar-
gine dorsali subdeclivi ; latere postico elongato,
gradatim versus terminum eoepanso, ad terminum
truncato ; margine dorsali rectiitsculo ; ligamento in
marginem dorsalim impresse.

The fl.^ttened Solecurtus. Shell compressed, thin,
whitish, covered with a rough epidermis ; anterior
side rather short, attenuated, rounded at the end ;
dorsal margin sloped downwards a little ; posterior
side elongated and gradually expanded towards
the end, truncated at the end ; dorsal margin
rather straight; ligament impressed into the
dorsal margin.

SOWERBY.

Hab. ?

This species partakes somewhat of the form of
Pharus legumen.

August, 1874.

SolceujiihsFiyill

'^^i,^

Vjircal. BiooksSiy U Son Imp

SOLECURTUS.

Species 3:3. (Mus. Brit.)

SOLECOItTUS FHAGILIS. Sol. ti'std jmrVi'l , illl'.'l, jii'l I iiriild,

Icnvigatd, suhcsquUaterali, 7)iedi(i-(/i /iny^), jini/n)
umbones pxtrpureo intus radiaid ; vtarglne dursali
utrinque declivi ; margine veuti-ali medio excavato ;
latere postico lonyiilsculo.
The fragile Solecuhtus. Shell small, white, pellucid,
smooth, rather equilateral, depressed in the middle,
rayed near the imiboes, with purple inside ; dorsal
margin sloped at each side ; ventral margin ex-
cavated in the middle ; posterior side rather the
longi-r.

DlLWYN ?

Hah. Nicobar Islands.

A single raj* of purple near the uinbocs is seen
through the pellucid shell.

Species 34. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTUS NITIDISSIMOS. Sol. testd oblowja, anjustd,
compressd, iiueqidlaterali, pallidi' pwpureo-radiiitd,
antice concentrice tenuiter rurjatd ; latere antico
eloiKjato, ad termimim suhrotundo ; latere postico
bi-eviilsculo, supernS cuneato, ad teniiimin ohlique
truncato.

TiiE POLISHED S0LECCRTU.S. Shell oblong, narrow, com-
pressed, insequilateral, rayed with pale purple,
anteriorly concentrically finely wrinkled ; anterior
side elongated, rather rounded at the end ; pos-
terior side rather short, wedge-shaped above,
obliquely truncated at the end.

DoRliN. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G1.

Hah. ?

Species 35. (Mus. Sowerby.)
SoLECURTUS BiDENS. Sol. tcstd eloiiijatd, a/igugtd, epider-
mide Imvigatd, olivaced iiidutd, intus versus mar-
giiiem puipured, ad umhones purpurea uniradiatd;

latere postico longiiiscuhi, siiLlnincato ; mai-gine
ventrali medio siibcontracto.

TiiK DOUisLE-TOoTiiED SoLECURTus. Shell elongated,
narrow, covered with a smooth olive epidermis,
purple within, towards the margin, with a single
ray of purple at the umboes ; posterior side
rather long, somewhat truncated ; ventral margin
rather contracted in the middle.

Chemnitz. Conch., fig. 1931).

Hab. Nicobar Islands.

The differences between S. bidiiis and S.fragi/is are
those of form, the latter being proportionately narrow
and oblonij.

Species 36. (Mus. Brit.)

SoLECURTUS Calikornianus. .S'o/. testd elongatd, an-
gusid, compressd, medio pallide Julvd, utrinque
sordid!: olivaced ; umhonibus suhcentralibus ; latere
postico oblique- angulato, radiatim striata, ad ter-
minum truncato, latere antico ad terminum
suhrotundo ; marginihus dorsali ventralique rectis.

The Califorsian Solecurtus. Shell elongated, narrow,
compressed, pale fulvous in the middle, dull olive
at each end ; umboes nearly central ; posterior
side obliquely angular, radiately striated, trun-
cated at the end, anterior side rounded at the end,
dorsal and ventral margins straight.

Conrad ?

Hab. California.

Species 37. (Mus. Brit.)
Solecurtus angulatus. Sol. testd ollongd, suhci/liu-
dricd, rectd, pallide fulud, epide.rmide rugosd
indutd ; latere postico brevi, valide angulato, suh-
oblique truncato ; latere antico elongato, concentrice
tenuiter lirafo, truncato ; margine dorsali declivi,
margine ventrali recto.

November, 1874.

SOLECURTUS.— Plate VIII.

The angular Solecurtus. Shell oblong, subcylin-
drical, straight, fulvous, covered with a rough
epidermis; posterior side short, with a very
strong angle, rather obliquely truncated; anterior
side elongated, concentrically finely ridged, trun-
cated ; dorsal margin sloped, ventral margin
straight.

SOWERBV.

Hah. West Africa.

Much straighter and more cylindrical than Solecurtus
centralis or Carihceus, with a more decided and gibbous
posterior angle. At the same time it is broader, than
Sol. ajUndrica, and not so rigidly straight and angular.

Species 38. (Mus. Brit.)

Solecurtus Peruakus. Sol. testa ienui, brevi, albidd,
infiald, utrinqne nigata, epiderinide tenui, pallide
falvd indutd; latere postico brevi, margine dorsali
excavate, margine terminali rotundatoiruncato,
margine ventrali valid'c sursum acclivi ; medio sub-
planulato, um.bonibiis tumidis, margine ventrali vix
contracto; latere antico vald'e inflato, latiusculo,
margine terminali obtuse truncato, margine ven-
trali convexo.

The Peruvian Solecurtus. Shell thin, short, whitish,
inflated, wrinkled at each end, covered with a
thin, pale, fulvous epidermis ; posterior side short.

dorsal margin excavated, terminal margin roundly
truncated, ventral margin strongly sloped upwards ;
middle rather flattened, umboes tumid, ventra
margin contracted ; anterior side much inflated,
rather broad, terminal margin obtusely truncated,
ventral margin convex.

DUXKER ?

Hah. Tumbez, Peru.

Species 39. (Mus. Brit.)
Solecurtus subteres. Sol. testd elongatd, angustd,
medio planatd, postice concentrici rugatd, purpureo-
camed, epidei-mide oKvaceo-aured, IcFvigatd indutd ;
latere postico breviuscnlo, ad terminnm suhoblique
truncato, margine dorsali suhdeclivi ; medio piano,
margine ventrali recto ; latere antico pvoducto, ad
teiininum perpendinilariter truncato.

The straightened Solecurtus. Shell elongated,
narrow, flattened in the middle, concentrically
wrinkled, fleshy purple, covered with a golden
olive smooth epidermis, posterior side rather the
shorter, rather obliquely truncated at the end,
dorsal margin rather sloped ; middle flat, ventral
margin straight ; anterior side produced, perpen-
dicularly truncated at the end.

CoNR.u.. J. A. N. S. Phil., 7, p. 233, t. 17, f 10.

Hah. California.

SOLECURTUS.

abbreviiitus, Gould II. C

acutidfiis, Sowerhij and llroiLrip ... \. 2.')

aXhua, Martijii III. IC

angulatus, Sowerhy VIII. .'iT

auticiuatiis, /'('««(!«< III. I.'i

(aiul I1-. !'.), PI. IV.)

Australis, DiinLcr II. 10

bidcns, Clicmnit: VIII. 3.'(

Californianus, (7()H?'<«/ VIII. .'.JG

cTM^Vulwa, Ri'ineH 111. 17

Caribanis, ii(w«A7c- IV. L'i

-centralis, C<'»/-«(^ IV. IS

coarctatus, X//r/(«;KS II. JS

coinplanatus, ,s'o«rr% VII. '.VI

constrictns, Lamarck VI. 2'J

Coqiiinxbensia Soicifhi/ V. 22

cylindricu.';, /SV/;re;-Jy V. 21)

Deshaycsii, Bunker II. 7

Domhei, Lamarck VII. -'iO

Dombci, Heevo VI. 2S

fxaratus, Ph ilippi I. 1

fragile, Z>iY!r^« VIII. 33

Oii/'/irensis, Delwyn IV.

inxqualh, So ICC rill/ VI.

Michavdi, Caillard V.

minutus, Bunker HI.

mollis, Gould VI.

uitidissimus, Z)o/(r« VIII.

novaculina, Benson. VII.

oblongus, Bohrit I.

Peruauus, Diiuker VIII.

Philippinanim, 7^(/»/.er III.

Quoyi, Beshni/cs II.

rut'us, Losch VI.

Sanota; Jlartbse, Bunker II.

Scheepmaoberi, i;«n/je;- III.

scminudus. /S'o(C(';-i^ IV.

solidus, (?ra^ I.

strigilatus, Z,i»wceHS I.

subteres, Conrad VIII.

sulcatus, Danker III.

viridens, Chemnitz VIII.

violascens, Z)('s/;((jyf6' V.

Species.

2\

28

11

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

PETRICOLA

" Tlierc"s not a particle in sea or air

But i\alui-e owns Tliy jilastie iutiueuce there."— -Uo.-/;

PeiricoUi Pl.l

.J'

^o4i^^^'

Sowerty del ei liLh

Adncent Broots Bay &, Son 1

r E T R I C 0 L A.

Genus PETRICOLA, Lamarcl:
Ti'sta ovala, plerumqne alha, mjiiiralris, epiderviidc
lenid imluta, interdiim radialim co^tata; latere
antico hrevi, rotiiiH/o, lntere postico producto,
frequenter attenwito. Cnrdo tilnique valca bidenlido ;
li/jiinientum breve, externum. Imprcsiio pal/ii
postice sinuata.
Sliell ovate, generally white, eqnivalve, covered M-ith a
thin epidermis, sometimes radiately ribl)e(l ; an-
terior side sliort, rounded, posterior side prmhu-iil,
frequently attenuated. Hinge with two torlh in
each valve; ligament short, external. I'allcal im-
pression posteriorly sinuous.

Like the Venerupes, these are rnck-inliabiting shells,
the animals attaching themselves by means of" a byssus
within holes and crevices, to whicli the .shells are often
found to conform their shape, thus becoming irregular.
Generally the Petricola; are longer than the VenerupeS;
tapering towards the posterior, and in their sctdpturc the
radiating predominate over the concentric ribs or stria;.
Western America seems to jiresent the more favourite
resorts to these Mollusks, although the shores of the
Pacific, the Mediterranean, and Red Seas posse.ss some
s])ecies. India and Australia are not without them.
Besides seeking holes in rocks in which to reside they
exerc-ise the power of enlarging, if not entirely excava-
ting new ones, hard stones and corals being sometimes
pierced by them.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Petricola seerata. Fet. iestii. plioladiformi , ehngata,
aiitice hrevissimd, costis acuti's, crchris radiuU'i ;
postice attenuatd, striis acutis, elevatis oblique
radiatd, ad terminwn acuminatd.

The serrated Petkicola. Shell pholas-shaped, elon-
gated, anteriorly very short, rayed with sharp,
close ribs ; posteriorly attenuated, obliquely rayed
with sharp, raised close striie, acuminated at the end.

Desiiayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hab, New Zealand.

Ditiering chiefly from Petricola seri-ata in the com-
parative fineness of the scttlpture.

Species 2. (Mus. Brit.)

Pktuicola gracilis. l\t. I, si, I plioladiformi, an/justd,
ehmgata, aiitice costis rrenululis. ilistuntibus radiatd:
poMice ijradatim allniinitil, rudiatim striata, ad
terminiim suhdeiiniiinUd.

The si.exdki: Pi:Ti;i<ni.A. Shell pholas-hke, narrow,
long, anteriorly rayed with crenulated, distant
i-ibs ; posteriori}' gradually attenuated, radiately
striated, rather acuminated at the end.

Deshayks. Proc. Znol. Soc, 181.3.

Hal,. ?

This shell was named by M. Deshayes from a speci-
men in Mr. Cuming's collection. Notwithstanding the
variations to which shells of this genus fere subject, the
extreme attenuation and finer sculpture in this case
may be considered sufficient to distinguish the species
from Petricola jiltoladifoniiis.

S])ecies 3. (Mus. Brit.)

Petricola coxcinxa. Pet. testa oblongd, subcylindricd,
antice brevi, costis crentdatis, subdi stantibus radiatd ;
postice productd, concentrice laminatd, inter laminas
radiatim striata, ad termimim truncata, 7narijiine
dorsali pauld decUvi.

The xe.\t Petricola. Shell oblong, subcylindrical,
short in front, rayed with crenulated, rather
distant ribs ; posteriorly produced, concentrically
laminated, radiately striated between the lamina?,
truncated at the end, with dorsal margin a little
sloped.

SowERUY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834, p. 46. Thesaurus
Conchyliorum, f. 3.

Ilab. Monte Christi.

The ribs at one end and the distinct and regular

lamiufe at the other give a peculiarly pretty appearance

to this shell.

November, 1874.

PETRICOLA.— Plate I.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

Petricola dacttlus. Pet. tcstd oblonga, vald'e inflatd,
plioladiformi ; antice jiaulb hianti, acmniimtd,
costis decumlentibus, sen-atis, suhdupUcatis usque
ad medium radaM ; ad medium ventricosissimd ;
postice attemiatd, radiatim striatd, ad terminum
truncatd, margine doisali deelivi, ventrali acclivi.

The date Petricola. Shell oblong, much inflated,
pholas-shaped ; anteriorly a little gaping, acu-
minated, rayed as far as the middle with decum-
bent, serrated ribs very ventricose at the middle ;
posteriorly attenuated, radiately striated, truncated
at the end, dorsal margin sloped downwards, ven-
tral sloped upwards.

SowERBT. Genera of Shells, fig. 3.

Hah. South America.

Species 5. (JIus. Brit.)

Petricola elegans. Pet. testa oMongd, antice paulo
hianti, acuminata, concentrice laminatd, radiatim
striatd, ad" medium infiald, postice ante angulum
depressd, post angulum, laminis latioribus, ex-
tantibus, exfoliatd, ad termimim tnmcatd ; margine
dorsali ante iimbones excavato, post vmbones suh-
declivi.

The elegant Petricola. Shell oblong, anteriorly a
little gaping, acuminated, concentrically laminated,
radiately striated, inflated in the middle, pos-
teriorly depressed in front of the angle, exfoliated
behind the angle with broader lamina;, truncated
at the end ; dorsal margin excavated before the
umboes, somewhat sloped behind them.

Desha YES (Venerupis). Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hab. ?

Named by M. Deshayes from a shell in the Cumingian
collection.

Species 6. (Mus. Brit.)

Petricola cultellus. Pet. tcstd plwladifoi-mi, ohlongd,
antice rotundd, brevissimd, costis serratis acutis,
siihdistantibus radiatd ; postice elongatd, attenuatd,
striis elevatis, crebris oblique radiatd, ad tcrminwn
acuminatd.

The pruning-knife Petricola. Shell pholas-like,
oblong, rounded anteriorly, very short, rayed with
serrated, sharp, rather distant ribs; posteriorly
elongated, attenuated, obliquely rayed with
elevated, close striae ; acuminated at the end.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hab. Ceylon.

In Petricola phola.diformis the front ribs are strong,
rather biangular and distant. In the present species
they are sharp, have a single angle, and are less
distant.

Species 7. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Petricola pholadiformis. Pet. testd oblonga, sub-
cylindricd, antice rotundd, brevissimd, costis validis,
distcmtibus, suhquadratis radiatd, postice elmigatd,
attenuatd costellis acutis, elevatis, crebris, oblique
radiatd, ad terminum acuminata.

The PnoLAS-LiKE Petricola. Shell oblong, sub-
cylindrical, anteriorly rounded, very short, rayed
■with strong, distant, rather square ribs, elongated
posteriorly, obliquely rayed with sharj), elevated,
close riblets, attenuated at the end.

Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., Petricola, No. 11.

Hab. North America.

The external appearance of this well-known species
is that of a Pholas ; and it is only the absence of the
subunibonal processes and accessory valves that dis-
tinguishes it, as far as the shell goes, from that family.

PcincoU PI. 11.

■^^.^■f' T

"^liiceElBioote Dayi S

P E T R I C 0 L A.

Plate II.

Species 8. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Petricol.\ nivea. Pet. testd oblomjd, inflata, pholadi-
/oi-mi, anticl-brevi, rotunda, radiatim striata ; postice
elumjatd, snbattennatd, perobiii/iie angulatd, post
unguium costis crebris, amitis, radiatd, ad tenninum
amjuste truncatd, denti.cidatd.

The snowv Petuicola. Sliell oblong, inflated, pholas-
shaped, anteriorly short, round, radiately striated ;
posteriorly elongated, slightly attenuated, very
obliquely angular, rayed behind the angle with
sharp, close rib.s, narrowly truncated at the end,
denticulated.

Chemxitz (Mytilus). Conch., vol. vii. PL LXXXII.
f. 734.

Petricola rujosa, Sowerby.

Petricola fornicata, Say.

Petricola tennis, Sowerby.

Petricola gibba, Middendorf ?

Ilab. Nicobar (Ch.), Chili and Peru (Cum.).

Species 9. (Fig- a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Petricola denticulata. Pet. testd pholadiformi,
elongatd, antice liianii, acuminata, ad mai-gines
acclici et declivi, costis depressis crenatis radiatd ;
postice radiatim striatd, suhacuminatd ; intils ad
terminos et prope margincm ventralem castaned.

The denticulated Petuicola. Shell pholas-shaped,
elongated, anteriorly gaping, acuminated, sloped
upwards and downwards at the margins, rayed
with depressed crenatcd ribs ; posteriorly radiately
striated, rather acuminated; chestnut within, at
the ends and near the ventral margin.

SowEi!BY. Proc. Zool. Soc, liSo4.

Hab. Payti, Peru. ■
This species is eve

Pdricola Pholadifo

acuminated.

e pholas-like in form than
liavini; the anterior end

(Sjiecies 10. Mus. Brit.)

Petuicola inteuta. P,t. testd elongatd, pholadiformi,
antiiv hnri, rotundd, costis (hpresfis crcmdatis
radiatd; postice subangulatd, anil angiihua de-
pressd, ronlractd, post anguhiiii cn^fis niimerosis,
subacutis radiatd, ad terminvm svbrotundd.
The uncertain Petricola. Shell elongated, pholas-
shaped, anteriorly short, rounded in front, rayed
with depressed ribs ; posteriorly subangular, de-
pressed, contracted in front of the angle, rayed
behind the angle with numerous rather sharp
ribs, somewhat rounded at the end.
SowEitiiv.

llab. ?

I cannot identify the specimens of this shell in the
British Museum with Petricola niveus. The latter
seems to bo characterized by sharp-edged ridges at the
posterior end, wliile in the former the posterior ribs
are more decumbent, and less distinct from tlie structure
of oth(_-r iiarts.

Species 11. (Fig. a, b, Mus. So\veii>y.)
Petuicola lithopiiaga. Pet. testd brevi, subcuneiformi,
radiatim striatd, stiiis posferioribus majoribus ;
antice infiatd, rotundatd, brevissimd ; postice sub-
attenuatd, ad terminum phisminnsre truncatd.
The stone-eating Peteicola. Shell short, rather
cuneiform, radiately striated, the posterior stri»
the larger; anteriorly inflated, rounded, very
short ; posteriorly rather attenuated, more or less
truncated at the end.

Retzius (Venus). Linna?ar
Pholas striata, Lamarck.
J/'/a decussata, Turton.
Pholas costellata, Lamarck.
Pholas roCiUaria, Lamarck.

Transactions of Ti

November, 1871.

PETKICOLA.— Plate II.

Phohf nipeidhi, Claiuvillo.
Hub. British shores.

The species is subject to great variations in form
and sculpture, which have given rise to uuiuy needless
synonyms.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

Petricola ELLirTiCA. Pit. tcxti'i (Jj/onyo-elliptin'i, mh-
fniiipnssi'i, riKliiifiiii sulcata, conceiitrice distanier
lamhhili'i : lilt' rr imtico bivviilsculo, rotundato ;
latere postko pivilucto, ad teiminmn vix angulato ;
margvie dorsali rectiusndo.

The ellpitical Petricola. Shell oblong-elliptical,
subcompressed, radiately grooved, concentrically
distantly laminated; anterior side rather short,
rounded; posterior side produced, scarcely angular
at the end ; dorsal margin rather straight.

SowEiiBV. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Hah. Payti, Peru.

This rather Yenus-liko species is found in hard mud

at low water.

Species lo. (Mus. Brit.)
PEnncoLA cuLN-KNSis. Pct. testd Itrevi, snbcicneatd,
radiiitim stiiatd ; aiitice brevissima, rotundatd,
iiijlatd, sfriin tennibus radiatd ; pnstice subattenuatd,
aiifjidatd, ante angnlum depret<sd, subcontractd, post
angulum costis elevatis acutis radiatd, ad terminum
truncatd ; margine dorsali dedici.

The Chinese Petricola. Shell short, subcuneate,
radiately striated ; anteriorly very short, rounded,
inflated, rayed with thin strise ; posteriorly rather
attenuated, angular, rayed with raised, sharp ribs,
truncated at the end ; dorsal margin sloped.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hab. Chinese Seas.

Differing from Petricola lithophaga in having strong
sharji ribs behind the posterior angle.

Species 14. (Mus. Brit.)

Petimcola hipartita. Pet. testa breciusciUd, sub-
cuneiita, antic'c brevi, injlatd, divaricatim striatd ;
puslici' subattenuatd, angidatd, post angulum costis
viiliilis sirratis radiatd, ad terminum frinicutd :
tiiiihinuhiif pivmiiiuutib'US, aciUis ; nuinjiiic ducfiiti
dcctiri.

The nn'ARTiTE Petricola. Shell rather short, suli-
cuneate, anteriorly short, inflated, divergently
striated ; posteriorly rather attenuated, angidar,
rayed behind the angle with strongly serrated ribs,
truncated at the end; umboos prominent, sharp ;
dors.al margin .sloped.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18.i.3.

Ifab. Island of Samar, Philippines.

Species U. (Mus. Brit.)

Petricola solida. Pet. testa subglobosd, solidd, injlatd,
j)rope iimbones virinque violaceo-fuscd, concentric!:
distanter laminatd, radiatim serrato-costellatd ;
latere antico bred, rotundo ; latere postico sub-
acmninato.

The solid Petricola. Shell rather globose, solid, in-
flated, violet-brown on each side of the umboes,
concentrically distantly laminated, with radiating
serrated small ribs; anterior side short, round;
posterior side rather acuminated.

SowERRY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Ilab. Peru.

Collected by the late Mr. Cuming in hard clay and
I stones at Lambezeque.

Pfhuvhi 11 III.

Afmconl Broote Baj S Son, Imp,

P E T R I C 0 L a.

Species 10. (Mas. Brit.)

PETniCol.A IU-1'.IGINOSA. I'ct. tcsht hnui, vivlareo-
ruliesrenti, subrhomhoidea, omninn (/inin'culim
striata ; latere antico breviil^culc, djliijiir siih-
truncalo ; umbonibus promineidibus, inanjiiic
dorsali subdeclivi; latere postico oblique aiKjutato,
ad marginem ventralem acuminato.

The rubv-coi.ouhed Petimcoi..^. Shell thin, reddish-
violet, rather rhomboidal, everywhere divergently
striated; anterior side rather short, obliquely sonie-
wliat trunciited ; iniiboes prominent, dorsal margin
a little sloped ; posterior side obliquely angular,
acuminated at the ventral margin.

Adams and Akgas (Narinia). Proc. Zoul. Soc.

Hab. ?

Species 17. (Mus. Ilanley.)
PetricoLA BICOLOR. Pet. ttda ovatd, tcimi, radiatim
minute striata, utriiique liianii, anticc rntundali'i,
hrevi ; postice oblique mhattenuata, riinculd trijund
fused pod angulum pictd.
The two-coloured Petricola. Shell ovate, thin,
radiately minutely striated, gajiing at each end,
anteriorly rounded, short; posteriorly a little
attenuated, painted with a trigonal patch of
brown.
SowERur. Thesaurus Couchyliorum, Petricola, i". 22.

Hab. ?

Of the same form, and belong to the same group as
Petricola lithophaga, but equally striated, and present-
ing a triangiilar patch of colour on one side, a very
unusual thing in the genus.

Species 18. (Mus. ? copied.)

Petricola seiiilailell,\ta. Pet. testa pared, sub-
cuneatd, brevi ; antice concentrice lemiter striata;
postice angulatd, post angulum laminis prominenii-
hus exfoliatd ; margine dorsali decliui ; margine
ventrali injiato.

Novembe

The half-laminated Petricola. Shell small, rather
cuneated, short ; anteriorly concentrically finely
striated ; posteriorly angular, exfoliated behind the
angle with prominent laminre ; dorsal margin
sloped ; ventral margin inflated.

Lamarck. Anim. .sans Vert. Petricola, No. 3.

Hab. Rochelle.

The laminae on the hinder part will prevent this
species being confounded with Petricola lithophaga,
which it otherwise resemhles.

Species 19. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Petricola .squistriata. Pet. testa ohlongd, pholadi-
J'ormi, striis radiantibus numerosis crenulalis,
cequalibus, et striis concentricis crenulalis, minute
cancellatd, postice intus exlusque maculd juscd
trigmid pictd ; latere antico breviiisculo, rotunda ;
medio valdi; injiato ; latere postico subattenuato,
oblique subtruncato ; margine dorsali excavato.

The EQUAL-STRI.A.TED Petricola. Shell oblong, pholas-
shaped, minutely cancellated with numerous
crenulated, equal, radiating strise, painted pos-
teriorly inside and out with a triangular patch of
brown; anterior side rather short, rounded; middle
much inflated ; posterior side rather attenuated,
obliquely subtruncated ; dorsal margin excavated.

Sowerby.

Hah. ?

Diflering from Petricola denticulata in the rounded

anterior side and equal decussation.

Species 20. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
Peteicola R0BU.STA. Pet. tcstd globoso-cuneatd, extiis
subcceruled, inliis fusco-nigriscenti ; latere antico
valde injiato, rotundo, brevi, liris acutis nu7nerosis
radiato ; latere postico attenuato, angustato, sub-
an.gulnto, ante angulum depresso, contracto, post
angulum acute et conspicue costato, ad terminuiri,
truncalo; umbonibus elcvatis, margine dorsali valdi
dcclivi.

r, 1871.

PETRICOLA.— Pla-e III.

The robust Petricola. Shell glubose-cuneate, bluish
without, blackish-brown within ; anterior side
much inflated, rounded, short, rayed with sharp
numerous ridge s ; posterior side attenuated, narrow,
rather angtilar, depressed and contracted in front
of the angle, sharply and conspicuously ribbed
behind the angle, truncated at the end ; umboes
raised, dorsal margin much sloped.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Hah. P£

Species 21. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Petricola typica. Pet. testd hrevi, inflatd, subglohosd,
CMii'af/i, antice rotunda, ventricosd, tenuiter radiatim
striata,; postice subattanuatd, versus tenninmn
costellis acutis radiatd, ad tenninum denticulaid,
tntncatd ; margine dorsali ante umbones excavate,
post umbones declivi.

The ttpical Petricola. Shell short, inflated, sub-
globose, cuneate, anteriorly rounded, ventricose,
finely radiately striated ; posteriorly somewhat
attenuated, towards the end rayed with con-
spicuous sharp riblets, denticulated, truncated at
the end ; dorsal margin excavated before the vim-
boes, sloped behind them.

Jonas. Moll. Beitr., p. 2, pi. VII. f .".

Jfab. Isl. St. Thomas.

Almost as globose in front as Petricola rohusta. The
ribs are finer, and increase gradually towards the
end. The shell is much less cuneiform than P.
Uthopharja.

Species 22. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Petricola divaricata. Pet. testa solidd, suhtra-
pezoided, omniuo divaricaiim tenuiter striata ; antici:
brevissimd, umbonibus terminalibiis ; poslice oblique
truncatd ; margine terminali incrassato, foliaceo.

The divergent Petricola. Shell solid, rather tra-
pezoidal, all over divergentlj' finely striated ;
anteriorly very short, umboes terminal ; pos-

teriorly obliquely truncai.ed ; terminal margin

thickened, foliated.
CheMxVItz. Conch., pi. CLXXII. f IGGC-IClw.
Karinio divaricata, Gray.
Hab. New Holland.

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)
Petricola ventricosa. Pet. testd oblongd, infla.td ;

antici; subrotunJd, tenuiter decussatd ; postice

crenulatd, sublamellatd, subattenuatd , ad lermimm

truncatd, intitsfusco pictd.
The ventricose Petricola. Shell oblong, inflated ;

anteriorly somewhat ^rounded, finely decussated ;

posteriorly crenulated,- rather laminated, a little

attenuated, truncated at the end, pniiitod brown

within.
De.*;hayes Proc. Zool. Soc.
Hab. Panama.

A much more ventricose shell than Petricola den-
tinilata, not beaked ii. front, laminated at the end.

Species 24. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Petkicol.v lapicida. Pet. testd solidlhsciild, subtra-
pezoided, omnino divaricaiim tenuiter striatd ;
antici; brevi ; umbonibus subtermincdibus ; postice
prodiictd, rotnndatim angulatd, post angulmn
costellis acutis, conspicuis, radiatd; ad tenninum
truncatd.

The stone-destroying Petricola. Shell rather solid,
rather trapezoidal, all over divergently finely
striated ; anteriorly short ; umboes nearly ter-
minal ; posteriorly produced, roundly angular,
rayed behind the angle with sharp, conspicuous
small ribs ; truncated at the end.

Chemnitz. Couch., pi. CLXXII. f IGOI-lGCj.

Karinio costata. Gray.

Hab. Australia. Mauritius.

Differing from Petricola divaricata in having strong

sharp ribs at the posterior end.

PETRICOLA.

Plate.

Kquistriata, Sowerhy in.

bicolor, Sowerhj HI.

hi^OTtita,, Sowerhy H.

Cliincnsis, Deshayes II.

concinna, Soivei-hn I.

costata, GTa.y HI-

cosieWrtto, Lamarck 11.

cultellus, Z)cs/io^<?s I.

dactylus, Soiverhij I.

ihciissata, Turtoii H.

denticulata, <S'o(fcr% II.

divaricata, Gray III.

alega.ns, Deshayes I-

c'Uiptica, Soiverby H-

font icata, Say II-

(;(iia, Middondorf II.

iirnciWs, Deshayes I.

19
17
U
13

3
24
II

0

11

y
•22

inccrta, Sotccrhy II.

lapicida, Chemnitz III.

lithopliaga, Retzius II.

nivea, Chemnits II.

pholadiformis, Lamarck I.

robusta, Soioerhy HI.

rocellaria, Lamarck II.

T\shigmo&ii^ Adams and Angas III.

rugosa, Sowerby II.

7iipt' rella, Ji\a,mYi\\e II.

semilaraellata, Zamarc^ III.

seiTata, Deshayes I.

solida, Sowerby H.

fenwis, Sowerby II.

striata, Lamarck ..... II.

typica, Jbwas HI-

\Q-atr\Q,oia, Desliayes HI-

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

A S T A R T E.

. " And thou, majestic main,
A secret world of wonders in thyself,
Sound His stupendous praise."— r^om^Json.

AstarUn.I.

I"

#

^

#

^

#

ScrwCTl^y dsletlith

MncciiL Brooks B^y ■S'.Son.Irap

A S T A R T E.

Plate I.

Genus ASTARTE, /. Sowerhy.

Testa eequivaUns, inmquilateralis, subovata, vel orbicu-
laris, vel subtrigona, ■plcrumqv£ subcompressa ;
concentrice riigata, epidermide crassa induta, dausa.
Impressiones muscidares duo;, magnce, snhreniformes.
Imprcssio pallii integra. Cardo iitnhjiie valcd
Iridcntatd. Ligamentum eodermtm, area diirsali
et lunula excavatis.

Shell equivalve, inequilateral, subovate, or orbicular, or
subtrigonal, generally subcompressed ; concentri-
cally wrinkled, covered with a thick epidermis,
closed. Muscular impressions two, large, rather
kidney-shaped. Impression of the mantle entire.
Hinge tridentate in each valve. Ligament
external, with dorsal area and lunule excavated.

Sijn. Crassina, Lamarck. Tridenta, Schum.

The shells of this genus are not liable to be con-
founded with those of any other, the several characters
included in the description being pretty constant in all.
The minute Asfarte trigoimlaris is the only exception,
and is very abnormal in form. The concentric
wrinkles have in most species a tendency to become
less prominent towards the centre, and even to dis-
appear altogether towards the margin of the shell All
the species, excepting the Mediterranean A. Jiisca,
inhabit northern seas ; Norway, (ireenland. North
America, Ac, being the chief places in whose sandy
shores they burrow.

Species 1. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)
AsTARTE CASTANEA. Asf. tcstd suborHcuIari, aJtd,
obsolete radiatim sulcatd ; rugis concentricis dis-
tantibns, vix prominentibus ; versils marginem sub-
evanidis, latere antico brevissimo; ■umbonibus promi-
nentibus ; margine dorsali utrinqtie valdi declivi.
The chestnut Astarte. Shell suborbicular, elevated,
obsoletely radiately grooved ; concentric wrinkles
distant, scarcely prominent, partly disappearing
towards the margin, anterior side very short ;

umboes prominent ; dorsal margin much sloped

on each side.
Say. American Journal of Science, 1830, Conch. PI. I.
Astarte crassidciis, Brod. and Sowb. ?
Hub. Arctic Seas.

Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Astarte compressa. Ast. testa parvd, suborbiculari,
compressd, plusmimtsve elevatd ; nigis concentriciis
jMirvis ; umbonibus prominentibus, marginihis dor-
salibus valde declivis ; latere antico brevinsimo ;
latere postico vix truiicato.

The compressed Astarte. Shell small, suborbicular,
compressed, more or less elevated ; concentric
wrinkles small; umboes prominent, dorsal margins
much sloped ; anterior side very short ; posterior
side scarcely truncated.

Montagu (Venus). Testacea Britaiinica, Sup., p. 43.

Venus Montagui, Dillwyn.

Astarte striata, Gray.

Astarte multicostata, Macgillivray.

Hab. Great Britain and Norway.

The varieties differ in form and elevation, and some

specimens are more compressed than others.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Astarte sulcata. Ast. testa subquadratd vel orbicu-
lari-svbtriyond/ sulcis concentricis pirofundis, regu-
laribus ; latere antico brevi ; latere 2)ostico sul-
angulato, truncato ; margine dorsali rectiiisculo vel
subrotundatim declivi ; margine interno niterdum
denticidato.

The grooved Astarte. Shell subquadrate or orbi-
cularly subtrigonal ; concentric ridges deep,
regular ; anterior side short ; posterior side some-
what angular, truncated; dorsal margin rather
straight, or somewhat roundly sloped ; inner
margin sometimes denticulated.

November, 187-1.

ASTARTE.— Plate I.

Costa (Pectunculus). Brit. Concli., p. 192.
Cras^na Danmoniengis, Lamarck.
Crassina Scotica, Turton.
Venus crassalella, Blainville.
ffab. Northern British Seas.

The normal form ,of this species is angular and
truncated, but in some varieties this peculiarity is lost,
and the dorsal line is sloped. The variety named
Scotica sometimes occurs smooth on tlie inner edge.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

AsTARTE ELLIPTICA. Ast. testd comprcssd, ohhngo-ovatd ;
latere postico prodticto, ad terminum sultruncato ;
sulcis concentricis medio et infra obsoletis ; wnhoni-
hus acuminatis ; manjine postico-dorsali leviter
declivi.

The ELLIPTIC AsTARTE. Shell compressed, oblong-
ovate ; posterior side produced, rather truncated
posteriorly; concentric grooves obsolete in the
middle and under ; umboes acuminated ; posterior
dorsal margin gently sloped.

Brown. Illus. Conch., p. 96, PI. XXXVIII. f. 3.

Astarte semisulcata, MuUer, not Leach.

Crassina sulcata, Nilson.

Crassina ovata, Brown.

Hab. Northern Europe.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Astarte sub^quilatera. Ast. testd ovatd, compressd;
latere aiitico panld brevlori, declivi ; umbonibus
obtusis, haud prominentibus ; latere postico sub-
angulato, ad terminum subtnincato ; manjine
ventrali convexo ; rujis concentricis crebris, ad
laira subevanidis.

The subeqhilateral Astarte. Shell ovate, com-
pressed ; anterior side a little shorter, sloped ;
umboes obtuse, not prominent ; poster

rather angular, rather truncated at the end ;
ventral margin convex ; concentric wrinkles
crowded, somewhat evanescent at the sides.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Astaite, No. 6.

Hab. Newfoundland.

The umboes in this species are obtuse, and more

nearly central than in most others.

side

Species 6. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Astarte abbreviata. Ast. testd parvd, crassissimd,
suborbiculari, altd, brevi, crebri et cequaliter sul-
catd ; latere antico brevissimo, valde declivi ; latere
postico sitbquadrato ; umbonibus elevatis, rotundis,
margine dorsali declivi, margine interna IcBvi.

The abbreviated Astarte. Shell small, very thick,
suborbicular, elevated, short, finely and equally
grooved ; anterior side very short, much sloped ;
posterior side subquadrate ; umboes elevated,
rounded, dorsal margin sloped, inner margin
smooth.

Sowerby.

Hab. ?

Species 7. (Mus. Brit.)

Astarte Banksii. Ast. testd tnmidd, suborbiculatd,
altd; crebei-rime sulcata ; umbonibus elevatis ; latere
antico prope umbones excavato, versits marginem
ventralem producto, rotundato ; latere postico ante
angidum vix conspicuum posticum subdepresso ;
margine dorsali convexo declivi.

Banks's Astarte. Shell tumid, suborbicular, ele-
vated ; very closely grooved ; umboes raised ;
anterior side excavated near the umboes, pro-
duced towards the ventral margin, rounded ;
posterior side a little depressed in front of a
scarcely perceptible posterior angle ; dorsal margin
convexly sloped.

Leach. Boss's Voyage, Appendix.

Astarte jmlcliella, Jonas.

Hab. Greenland.

1st a lie n II-

m

•Vbiceut Brooks Day tSon, Imp

A S T A R T E.

Plate II.

Species 8. (Mus. Rrit.)

AsTARTK QUAM'.ANS. Ast. testd qiiadrato-suhtricjonA,
compressd, altd, mhmquilaterali, Unniusculd, teimiler
striatd ; latere, antico brcviori ; latere postico
oblique (leelivi, (vl termi/mm suhtruncato ; margine
intenio Imvtgato.

The quadrate Astarte. Shell rather sqiiare, sub-
trigona!, compressed, elevated, rather equilateral,
rather thin, finely striated ; anterior side rather the
shorter ; posterior side obliquely sloped, some-
what truncated at the end ; inner margin smooth.

Goi-LD. Inverfebrata of Massachusetts, p. 81, f. 48.

Hub. North America.

Species 9. (P'ig. «, b, Mus. Brit.)

AsTAETE CRENWTA. Ast. testd ovatd, injlatd, temiiuaciM,
antice usque ad medium concentrice tenuiter liratd,
postici Icevigatd; epidemiide tenui, Jlavidd ; cardine
angusto ; margine ventrali intus creMito.

The crenated Astarte. Shell ovate, inflated, rather
thin anteriorly, as far as the middle concentrically
finely ridged, posteriorly smooth ; epidermis thin,
yellowish; liinge narrow; ventral margin crenated
within.

Gray. Brit. Mus.

Astarte oblonga, Sowerby.

Hab. ?

On careful examination I am able to identify the

shell I called Astarte oblonga, with the specimens of

Dr. Gray's A. crcnata. The latter are younger shells.

Species 10. (]Mus. Brit.)

The CLosE-RinBED A.starte. Shell ovato-sulitrigmval,
compressed; concentric ribs numerous, crowded,
disappearing behind the posterior angle ; anterior
side rounded, rather short ; posterior side pro-
duced, angular, smooth and flat behind the angle;
dorsal margin obli(iuely sloped, truncated at the
end.

Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xix. p. 98.

Hab. North Britain.

The early figures of this shell were taken from one
or two dead specimens deprived of their epidermis.
There are now fresh specimens in the British Museum.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)

Astarte undata. Ast. testd ovnto-snbtrigond, altd ;
rugis conceiitricis magnis, distantibus, post unguium
posticum subobsoletis ; vmbonibus acuminatis ; latere
antico brevi ; latere postico oblique producto ;
margine interna crenulato.

The waved Astarte. Shell ovate-subtrigonal, elevated ;
concentric wrinkles large, distant, rather obsolete
behind the posterior angle ; umboes acuminated,
anterior side short; posterior side obliquely
produced ; inner margin crenulated.

Gould. Invertebrata of Massachusetts.

Astni-ie latisulca, Hanley.

Hab. North America.

Normally a more trigonal or sloping shell than

Astarte sulcata, with the riljs far more strong and

distant.

Species 12. (Mus. Hanley.)

Astarte crebricostata. Ast. testd ovato-subtrigond, Astarte semisulcata. Ast. testd oblonga, subcompressd,

compressd; costis concentricis numerosis, erebris,post
angidum posticum evanidis ; latere antico rotundo,
hreviusculo ; latere postico 2^>'od''iCto, angulato,
post angulum lavigato, planato ; margine dorsali
oblique declivi, ad terminum Iruncato.

versits umbones tenuiter rugatd ; latere antico
breviusculo, margine dorsali prope umbones e.rcavato;
latere postico producto, ad terminum truncato,
margine dorsali rectiusculo.
The half-grooved Astarte. Shell oblong, suboom-

November, 187i.

ASTARTE.— Plate II.

pressed, finely wrinkled towards the umboes;
anterior side rather short, with dorsal margin
excavated near the umboes ; posterior side pro-
duced, truncated at the end, with dorsal margin
rather straight.

Leach (Crassina). Ann. Phil. 1-4, fig. 204.

Hah. North Seas.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

AsTARTE INTERMEDIA. Ast. testd ovato-suUi-igona,
iitrinquc suhacuininatA ; rugis numerosis, rotundis,
prope marginem posticum suhevanidis ; unibonibus
elevatis, margine dorsali utrinque declivibus ;
inargine interno Icevi.

The INTERMEDIATE AsTARTE. Shell ovate-subtrigoual,
rather acuminated at each end; wrinkles numerous,
rounded, partly disappearing near the posterior
margin ; umboes elevated, dorsal margin sloped at
each side ; inner edge smooth.

SowERi'.v. Tiiesaurus Conchyliorum, Astarte, Sp. 3.

Ilab. North Europe.

Resembling Astarte undata in form, but more
pointed, and having many more ribs than A. sulcata;
almost as many as Astarte crtbricostata.

Species 14. (]Mus. Brit.)

Astarte Mortoni. Ast. testd ovato-suborhiculari, com-
]}ressd; rugis concentricis distantibus, validis,
versus margines utrinque discontinuis ; mterstitiis
latis, profunde excaratis ; unibonibus obtusis ; latere
antico brevi, rotunda ; latere postico ptroducto,
obscure truncato; margine venlrali rotundatim con-
vexo ; margine interno IcBvigata.

Morton's Astarte. Shell ovate-suborbicular, com-
pressed ; concentric wrinkles distant, strong, dis-
continued near the margin on each side ; inter-
stices broad, deeply excavated ; uml)oes obtuse ;
anterior side short, rounded ; posterior side pro-
duced, obscurely truncated ; ventral margin

roundly convc

irgin smooth.

Sowerby in Thesaurus.

Adams ?

Astarte undata, var.
Hab. North America.

My only authority for this species is a specimen
named as above in the Cumingian collection; not the
undeveloped shell quoted in the Thesaurus, but a
mature shell of rounded form and dark black epidermis.

Species 15. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Astarte semilirata. Ast. testd ovato-subti-igond,
elevatd, medio oblique tumidd ; latere antico oblique
producto, infra umbones excavato ; umbonibvs re-
trorsis, prominentibus, acuminatis ; latere postico
declivi, obscurissime truncato, margine ventrali
acclivi ; rugis concentricis versils umbones nmnerosis,
concinnis, acutis, medio et infra evanidis.

The half-ridoed Astarte. Shell ovate-subtrigonal,
elevated, obliquely timiid in the middle ; anterior
side obliquely produced, excavated under the
umboes ; umboes leaning backwards, prominent,
acuminated ; posterior side sloped, very obscurely
truncated, ventral margin sloped upwards ; con-
centric ridges near the umboes numerous, neat,
sharp, becoming obscure at the middle and below.

Sowerby.

Hab. Northern Seas.

Species IG. (Mus. Brit.)

Astarte triangularis. Ast. testd parvd, altd, oblique
trigona, tumidd, politd ; urnbonibus prominentibus,
fere terminalibus ; latere antico fere perpendiculari ;
latere postico declivi, ad marginem ventraleni pro-
ducto ; margine interno crenulato.

TiiE TRIANGULAR AsTARTE. Shell Small, elevated,
obliquely trigonal, tumid, polished ; umboes pro-
minent, nearly terminal ; anterior side almost per-
pendicular ; posterior side sloped, produced at
the ventral margin ; inner margin creuulated.

Montagu (Mactra). Test. Brit., p. 99, pi. 3, f. 5.

GoodaUia triangularis, Turt.

Hab. North Britain.

jMarti: I'i III

^1

^

i

^f^f^

Sowok'ldeiW

\'xce;]i SvcoiS IVy iSoikp

A S T A R T E.

Species 17. (Fig. a, b, Mns. Brit.)

AsTAiiTi: FUSCA. Ast. testa suborbiculari, craxsa, cas-
tancA, rubra obscure radiatd, propi nmboncs coii-
centrice, crebre et concinne liratd ; umbonihus subter-
minalibus ; latere antico hrevissimo ; margine ven-
trali rotundato, manjine postico-termindli sub
truncato.

The ishown Astaute. Shell rather orbicular, thick,
chestnut, obscurely rayed with red, concentrically,
closely, and neatly ridged near the uniboes;
umboes nearly terminal ; anterior side very short ;
ventral margin rounded, posterior terminal margin
slightly truncated.

PoLi (Tellina). Test. Sic. Tab. 15, f. 22, 23.

Hcib. Mediterranean.

Species 18. (Mus. Brit.)

AsTARTE LACTEA. Ast. testd magna, compressA, ovato-
suhtn'gond, epidermide crasso, nigra indutd, prope
umbones tcnuiter concenirice Uratu, intus lacted ;
latere antico brevi, declivi ; latere postico oblique
producto ; margine dorsali declivi, ad termiiium
siibtru7icato ; margine interna Icevigato.

The milk-white Astarte. Shell large, compressed, ovate,
subtrigonal, covered witli a tliick black epidermis,
finely concentrically ridged near the umboes, milk-
white within; anterior side short, sloped; pos-
terior side obliquely produced, dorsal margin
sloped, somewhat truncated at the end ; inner
margin smooth.
Broderip. Zoological Journal, vol. iv. p. 356.
Hab. North Europe.

The wrinkles, although fine and distinct near the
umboes, are continued a very little way from them in
most specimens.

Species 10. (Mus. Brit.)

Astaute producta. Ast. testa oblongo-ovatd, compressd,
ail umbones, etfere ad medium tenuiter et regulariter
liratd, versus marginem loivigatd ; latere antico
pauld producto ; latere postico elongato, ad termi-
num suhacuminato ; margine dorsali leviter declivi ;
margine intemo lavigato.

The produced xYstakte. Shell oblong-ovate, com-
pressed, finely and regularly ridged at the um-
boes and nearly as fiir as the middle, smooth to-
wards the margin ; anterior side a little produced ;
posterior side elongated, rather acuminated at the
end ; dorsal margin slightly sloped ; inner margin
smooth.

SdWERBV.

Ilab. North Europe.

The difference between this species and Astarte lactea
is the same as that which causes Ast. elliptica to be
separated from Ast. sulcata, namely, a prolongation
in form.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)

Astarte subtrigona. Ast. testd crassd, subtrigoiid,
epidermide castaneo indutd, intils ad marginem
lavi, versiis umbones et ad medium subirregulariter
liratd, medio ad marginem lavi ; latere antico
tumido, suhrotundo ; latere postico angulato, ante
unguium compresso ; margine dorsali valde declivi.

TuE subtrigonal Astarte. Shell thick, subtrigonal,,
covered with a chestnut epidermis, smooth at the
margin wthin, rather irregularly ridged towards
lunboes and to the middle, from the middle to the
smooth ; anterior side tumid, rather

November, 1874.

ASTARTE.— Plate III.

round ; posterior side angular, compressed in front
of the angle, dorsal margin much sloped.

SOWERBY.

Hab. Northern Seas.

This shell is so decidedly different in form from the
normal specimens of Astartc arctica, that it seems desir-
able to separate it.

Species 21. (Fig. a, l>, Mus. Brit.)

AsTAKTE ARCTICA. Asf. testA elUptico-suhorhicuJari,

subconipressd, prope umbones medioque subtiregu-

lariter liratd, versHs marginem Icevigatd ; latere

autico hrevissimo ; latere postico obscure angulato,

truncato ; margine dorsali declivi ; margine ventrali
rotunda, intiis loevigato.

The Arctic Astarte. Shell elliptical-suborbicular,
subcompressed, rather irregularly ridged near the
umboes and at the middle, smooth towards the
margin ; anterior side very short ; posterior side
obscurely angular, truncated ; dorsal margin
sloped ; ventral margin rounded, smooth within.

Gray (Crassina). App. Capt. Parry's Voyage.

Vemis borealis, Chemnitz.

Astarte ci/jirinoides, Duval.

Crassina corrugata, Brown.

Astarte Japonica, Jay ?

Hab. Northern Seas.

A ST ARTE.

abbreviabi, Soirn-bf/

Arctica, Gray

Banksii, Leach

borealis, Chmnnitz

castanea, Sa;/

compressa, Mbntofjii

cornir/atn. Brown

crassiilcTts, Brod. and Sowb.

crassatella, Blainville

crebricostata, Forbes

crenata, Gray

cyp? inoides, Duval

I)anmonie!ii:is, Lamarck

elliptic;!, Brovm

fusca, I'oli

intermedia, Sowerby

Japonica, Jay ?

lactea, Broderip

lathhciila, Hanley

I, 21

1

10

9

I. 21

3

4

I. 1/

I. 21

I. IH

Montayui, Dillwyn I.

Mortoni, Adams II.

muHkostata, Macgillivray I.

oblonga, Sowerby II.

ovata, Brown I.

producta, Soicei-hy III.

pulchella, Jonas I.

qnadrans, Gould II.

.SVo^/rrt, Turton I.

seniilirata, Sotverby II.

semisulcata, Leach 11.

seinhidrata, Miilier I.

gtriata, Gray I.

subaeqnilatera, .S'oji'ow/ I.

subtrigona, Soiverby III.

sulcata, 'HWsou I.

sulcata, Costa I.

triangularis, Montagu 11.

lindata, Gould U.

MONOGRAPH

OP TIIK GENUS

VENERUPIS,

( 'roan exhibits fathomless and broad.

Much of the iiow'r and majesty of God." — C'y(c/i<

VenerufitA- PI. I.

^^m

^
^^p

n

Wric^:^;BronksiJkyii£

V E N E R U P I S.

Genus, VENERUPIS, Lamarck.

Tt'sta valde irregularis, iiutqiiilateralis, cBquivalvia,
oblonga, plerumque coricentrice laminata, radiatim
striata, anlice paidu hians. Impressiones nius-
culares duce, majnai, renifonnefs. Impressio pallii
postice late et profundi' sinuala. Vardo in vidvd
dextrd tridentatd, m valvd sini.slrii bidcntatd. Liijn-
mentum externum.

Shell very irregular, inequilateral, oqviivalve, oblong,
generally concentrically laminatetl, radiately
striated, anteriorly a little gaping. Muscular
impressions two, large, kidney-shaped. Palleal
impression posteriorly and deeply sinuous. Hinge
tridentate in right valve, and bidentate in the
left. Ligament external.
Spi. Iiu-s, 0km. EumcLLAiiiA, Fl. de Bellevue. ;

The sliells of this genus are found in holes and
crevices of rocks, where they are fixed by a byssus
passing between the gaping valves. It is rather difficult
to distinguish some of the species from the more irregu-
lar rock-inhabiting Tapes on the one hand, and the more
Tapes-like Petricols on the other. The concentric
lamina, however, are the more prominent in this genus ;
whereas the reverse is the case in the Petricolie, and
tlie posterior side is generally truncated, and does not
tend to end in a point. The Venerupes are more
numerous in northern and temperate climates; many
species are European, being found in Scandinavia and
the British Islands. There are, however, some species
in Australia, and some in the Pliilippines.

Species I. (Mus. Brit.)

V'enerupis Cokdieri. Tin. testd ohlonfjd, in/Iatd, sub-

ci/lindricd, laminis concentricis crassis, puslicc

latiorihus, inflexis exfoliatd ; latere antico brcvi,

dedivi, infrd, subaciiminato ; umbonibus acinninatis,

fubtcrmiiKdihiis .- httire posiico elovgafo, obliqui
(iiiijiihihi : iiiiinjiiic diirsali rectiusculo, munjine tcr-
m;n,di /,n-i„ndicul.,ri.

CoRDiEit's Veneuupis. Shell oblong, inflated, rather
cylindrical, exfoliated with concentric, thick
lamina;, wider and inflected posteriorly ; anterior
side short, sloped, a little acuminated below;
posterior side elongated, obliquely angular ; dorsal
margin rather straiglit, terminal margin perpen-
dicular.

Deshayes. Revue Zeologique, 1839.

Hub. Cidifornia.

Species 2. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis ixsionis. Yen. testd injlatd, irrcgulari
radiatim striata, aiiraniid, coeruleo purpureoque
nebulatd, intits rubro-violaced ; latere antico brevis-
simo ; umbom'bus fere tenninalibus ; latere postico
prorlucto, obliqiit' luniido, manjine terminali svperne
dedivi.

The woNDERFi-L Venerupis. Shell inflated, irregular
radiately striated, orange, clouded with blue and
piu-ple, red-violet within; anterior side very
short ; umboes nearly terminal ; posterior side
produced, obliquely tumid, terminal margin
sloped above.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hab. New Zealand.

Of'

colour and very irregular growth.

Species 3. (Mus. Brit.)
Venei:i:pis CREn-ata. Vcn. tt:<td ohlongo-subqvadratd,
postice oblique angulatd, aurantio purpureoque
nebulatd, radiatim striatd, cnncentrice laminis extan-
tibus, cremdatis. piostice latioribus exfoliatd; latere
antico brevi, vmbonibus tumidis, subterminalibus ;
latere postico elongate, margine rectangnlari.

November, 1874.

VENERUPIS.— Plate I.

The crenated Venerhpis. Shell oblong-subqiiadrate,
posteriorly obliquely angular, clouded with orange
and purple; radiately striated, concentrically
exfoliated, witli outstanding crenulated lamina,
broader posteriorly; anterior side short, umboes
tumid, nearly terminal; posterior side elongated,
with rectangular margin.

Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert.

Hah. New Holland.

A beautiful shell, highly characteristic of the genus.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerhpis mirabilis. Ven. testa ohlongo-mhqumh-atd,
valde inflatd, omnino striis awjulatiin divaricatis
minutissime sculptA ; latere antico brevi, rotunda ;
umhonibus inf,atis; latere postico producto, olituse
angulaio.

The admirable Venerupis. Shell oblong-subquadrate,
much inflated, very minutely sculptured in every
part with angularly diverging striie ; anterior side
short, rounded ; umboes inflated ; posterior side
produced, obtusely angular.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hob. Monterey, California.

The curious zigzag structure of the surface is similar
to tliat of Venerupis tcxta, but it is very much more
minute.

Species 5. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Venerupis carditoides. Ven. testa pallida, ohlongd,
concentnce laminis extanlibus, subcrenatis, distan-
tibus, postice latioribus exfoliatd, sulcis subdistan-
tibm, inequalibus, angulatis radiaid; latere antico
brevi, umbonibus depressis ; latere postico oblongo,
cuneato, oblique angulato, margine terniinali sub-
oblique truncato.

The cardita-like Venerupis. Shell pale, oblong,
concentrically exfoliated with outstanding slightly
crenated distant lamina, wider posteriorly, rayed
with rather distant unequal, angular sulci ; anterior
side short, umboes depressed ; posterior side
oblong, cornered, obliquely angular, termin:d
margin rather obliquely truncated.

Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert.

Hab. New Holland.

The distance of the ribs or sulci from each other
varies in different specimens and in different parts of
the same shell, but there are generally a few broader
ones a little in front of the posterior oblique angle.

Vcnt'iiipis /7 //

':'"^1

Sowerl^y del et blh

Wmcent Kiooks Day Jc Sen, hii;

VENERUPIS.

Spocios G. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis digoxa. Ven. icntd parvd, ienui, pallidd,
antice ienuitei; post ice late laminatd, laminis postice
hiangulatis, ad aiigulos subspiniferls, inter angulos
injlectis ; latere aiitico brerissinui, aiiyusto ; latere
postico oblique aufjulato, la'o, margine dorso-
terminali rectanguhvi.

The two-sided YEKEP.rris. Shell small, thin, pale,
anteriorly thinly, posteriorly widely laminateJ,
laminiE posteriorly biangular, rather spinose at
the angles, bent inwards between the angles ;
anterior side very short, narrow ; posterior side
obliquely angular, broad, dorso-terniinal margin
rectangular.

Desh.wes ?

Eah. ■]

(Mus. Brit.)

Species 7. (Mus. Sowerby.)
Veneritis attenuata. Veil, testa elongala, ci/lindricd,
radiatim minute striata ; intiis luted, prope
marginem terminalem purpurea nebidatd ; latere
antico brevissimo, umbonibus fere teriainalibus ;
latere postico elongato, oblique angulato, ante
angulun subcontracto ; post angulum irregularitcr
laminato, ad terminum truncato.
The attenuated Venerupis. Shell elongated, cy-
lindrical, radiately minutely striated ; yellowish
within, clouded with purple near the terminal
margin; anterior side very short, umboes nearly
terminal ; posterior side elongated, obliquely
angular, a little contracted in front of the angle ;
irregularly laminated behind the angle, truncated
at the end.

SOWERBV.

Hab. ?

iuus little cylindrical species.

Venerupis deuelicta. Ven. testa elongatd, radiatim
striata, concintrice laiiiiiiis crenulatd, postice prn-
ductioi-ibns exfoliatd; latere postico lata, oblique
subqiiadrato ; latere antico acuniiuatim producto :
margine ventrali contracto.

The NE(iLECTED Venerupis. Shell elongated, radiately
striated, concentrically exfoHated with crenulated
laminjB, more produced posteriorly; posterior side
broad, obliquely subquadrate; anterior side acumi-
nately produced ; ventral margin contracted.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hah. Philipjiiucs.

Species 9. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis texta. Yen. testa oblongo - suhquadratd,
tcnui, injlatd, pallidd, striis rugosis angulatim
dicaricatis omnino sculptd ; latere antico breviiisculo,
rotunda; medin plKinilutn^ lata; latere postico pro-
ducto, obscurissiiiir ,iiigii/,ilo ; margine dorsali vix
declivi ; margine rrulndi ridiiisculo.

The textured Venerupis. Shell oblong-subquadrate,
thin, inflated, pale, sculptured all over with rough,
angularly divergent stria ; anterior side rather
short, rounded ; middle flattened, broad ; posterior
side produced, very obscurely auguuii , dorsal
margin scarcely sloped ; ventral margin rather
straight.

Deshayes ? MS. Mus. Brit.

Hab. N.E. Australia.

Lighter but coarser in texture than Venerupis

mirabilis.

Species 10. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis foliacea. Ven. testa ovato-suborbiculari,

compressiusculd, sulcis duplicatis subdistantibus

radiatd, laminis distantibus, crenulatis extantibus,

tenuibus, latis postice angulum formantibus exfo-

November, 187-1.

VENERUPIS.— Plate II.

liatd intus Jlavidd prope marginem nthro-violaced ;
latere antico brevissimo, umbonibus deprcssis ; latere
postico angulatim expanso, margine dorsali elevato,
suharcvato^ margine terminali late truncato ;
margine ventrali convexo, intus creiiato.

The leafy Venerupis. Shell ovate-suborbicular,
ratlier compressed, rayed with duplicate, rather
distant grooves; exfoliated with distant, crenulated,
outstanding thin broad lamince forming an angle,
posteriorly, yellowish within, reddish-violet near
the margins ; anterior side very short ; umboes
depressed ; posterior side angularly expanded ;
dorsal margin raised, a little arched, terminal
margin broadly truncated ; ventral margin convex ;
crenated within.

Deshates. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

/fab. Mazatlan.

It may be a question whether this beautifully orna-
mental shell should not have been included in the
genus Venus.

Species 11. (Mus. Hanley.)

ViiNERnpis EXOTICA. Veil, testd oblongd, sxibrectan-

guld, alhidd, lineis nihris posiice pictd ; radiatim

distanter, acute sulcata; laminis crenatis, subdis-

tantibus, extaniibus, posiice laiiorihvs, angulatis,

exfoliatd ; latere antico breviusculo ; latere postico
oblongo, margine terminali recto.

The EXOTIC Venerupis. Shell oblong, rather rectan-
gular, whitish, painted with red lines posteriorly ;
radiately, distinctly, sharply grooved ; exfoliated
with rather distant, outstanding crenated lamina,
wider and angular posteriorly ; anterior side
rather short; posterior side oblong, terminal
margin straight.

Hanley. Wood's Index TestaceoL

Ilab. New Holland.

Species 12. (Fig. a, b, c, Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis cylindracea. Vcn. testd irregulnri, hecigata,
subci/lindricd, co7icentrice sii-iatd, posticc aiigiilatd,
prodiictd, ad terminum iruncatd.

The cylindrical Venerupis. Shell irregular, smooth,
subeylindrical, concentrically striated, posteriorly
angular, produced, truncated at the end.

Deshayes (Petricola). Revue Zoologique.

Petricola californica, Conrad.

Petricola arciiata, Deshayes.

Petricola sitbglobosa, Sowerby.

Eab. California.

VeiUTiq)is Fl. Ill

-%f^

VENERUPIS.

Species 13. (5IUS. Brit.)

VKNF.RUris OBKSA. Veil, testd injlata, hrevi, suhqumJ-
ratA, jial/ii/ii postid; iiitits et ad mnbones vwlaceii,
radiittim atriatd; latere autico brerissimo; latere
postico an'julato, margine ventrali conre.vo.

The obese Vknerupi.s. Shell inlhiteil, short, subquad-
rate, pale posteriorly, inside and at the imiboes
violet, r.'uliately striated ; anterior side very short ;
posterior side angular, ventral margin conve.x.

DEsn.iYES. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853.

Hah. ?

Described from a specimen in the Cumingi.

col-

Species 14. (Fig. a, h, Mils. Hanley.)

VENERun.s TUMinA. Vcii. testa pallida., flaridA, ven-
tricosd, conceiitrice tcnuitcr costatd, inter castas
tenuissiine striata, antica Irevissimd, angustatd,
medio injlato, postice expanse, angulato, margine
doisali angidatim elevaio.

The tumid Veserupis. Shell pale yellowish, ventri-
cose, concentrically finely ribbed, between the ribs
very finely striated, anteriorly very short, narrow,
inflated in the middle, posteriorly expanded,
angular, dorsal margin angularly elevated.

Sowerbv. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vcnerupis, Sp. 27.

Hab. ?

A pretty little species described from IMr
shell.

Ilanley'

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis PULCHEr.RiMA. Veit. testa elongata, subcy-
lindricd, postice quadrald, laminis crassiusculis.

November, 1874.

l.rri/n,,,
lain-,' ,<
italilni:^ ,
cdis.

'i/u,,: pnslirr augulatis exfoliatd :
rrrissiiiin ,• inidKiitilms ferc termi-
poslici) chiuijato, margiiiibus rectius-

Tin; VEKV r.EAUTiFUL VENERuris. Shell elongated,
sulirjliiiilrieal, posteriorly quadrate, exfoliated
with rather thick, smooth, outstanding posteriorly
.angular laminEe ; anterior side very short ; umboes
nearly terminal ; posterior side elongated, margins
rather straight.

Desiiates. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Isl. Samar, Philippines.

Species 16. (Mus. Brit.)

Venei'.upis Ciiinensis. Ve?i. testd oblongo-sitbquad-
rata, depressa, subinwqiiivatvi, albd, Icevigatd,
laminis erectis ci'assiusculis postice angulatis, pro-
ductioribus exfuliatatd ; latere antico brevisdmo ;
latere poslico subattenuato ; margine dorsali declivi.

The Chinese Venerupis. Shell oblong, subquadrate,
depressed, rather irregular, white, smooth, ex-
foliated with erect, rather thick laminae, posteriorly
angular and more produced ; anterior side very
short; posterior side rather attenuated; dorsal
margin sloped.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hah. Flo-Flo, Ish Panay, Philippines.

Collected by the late Mr. Cuming
water.

rocks at Ic

Species 17. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Venerdpis Diemenensis. Ven. testd oblongo-subquadratd ;
ventricosd, crassd, radiatim costatd, intiis violaced,

VENERUPIS.— Plate III.

concentrice crenulatim et striata, costis depressis,
serratis, margine dorsali rectiusculo ; margine ter-
minali truncato ; margine ventrali convexo, intus
crenulato.
TifE Van Diemen's Land Venerupis. Shell oblong-
subquadrate, ventricose, thick, radiately ribbed,
violet within, concentrically crenulated and striated,
ribs depressed, serrated, dorsal margin rather
straight ; terminal margin truncated ; ventral
margin convex ; crenulated within.

QuoT. Voy. Astr., pi. 84, figs. 25, 26.

Ilab. Van Diemen's Land.
Very Tapes-like in form and remarkably solid.

Species IS. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis Cumingii. Ven. testd ovatd, subcceraled,
purpurea nebulatd, incBqitivalvi, suhdepressd,
radiatim costatd; concentrice laminis cretiatis,
laqueatis exfoliatd ; valvd dextrd valvam sinistram
superanti, margine foliaced.

Cuming's Venerupis. Shell ovate, bluish, clouded
with purple, inequivalve, subdepressed, radiately
ribbed; concentrically exfoliated with crenated,
fluted laminae ; right valve overlapping the left,
with leafy margin.

Deshates. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hah. ?

Described from the Cumingian Cabinet.

Species 19. (Mus. Brit.)
Venerupis oblonga. Ven. testa ovalo-oUongd, pallidc
fulvd, sulcis duplicatis radiatd, concentrice lami-
natd; latere antico brevi, lunuld distinctA ; latere
postico subquadrato, margine postico rcctangulari .

The oblong Venerupis. Shell ovate-oblong, pale ful-
vous, rayed with double grooves ; concentrically
laminated ; anterior side short, luuule distinct ;
posterior side subquadrate, posterior margin rec-
tangular.

SowEKBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1834.

Hah. Pascomayo, Peru.

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis siliqua. Ven. testd oblonga, cylindricd,
fulvd, concentrice laninatd ; laminis antice tenui-
bus, postic'e angulatis, validiorihus ; latere antico
brevi; latere postico elongato, ad terminum trun-
cato.

The pod Venerupis. Shell oblong, cylindrical, ful-
vous, concentrically laminated ; laminae anteriorly
thin, posteriorly angular, stronger ; anterior side
short; posterior side elongated, truncated at the
end.

Desiiaves. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hah. New Zealand.

Species 21. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis monstrosa. Ven. testa ovatd, incequivalvi,
conipressd, pallidd, antice medioque decussatim
striatd, postice irregulariter concentrice laminatd ;
valvee dextrw laminis valde exfoliatis et incrassatis,
valvam sinistram superanti.

The monstrous Venerupis. Shell ovate, insequiv.-ilve,
compressed, pale, anteriorly and in the middle
decussately striated, posteriorly irregularly con-
centrically laminated ; lamins of the right valve
much exfoliated and thickened, overlapping the
left valve.

Chemnitz (Venus). Conch. VII. figs. 445, 446.

Hah. Isl. Nicobar, Philippines.

Vciicrupis I'l.J]

Ainr .T.: :5rooK:-. CayA Zw Lxp

V E N E R U P I S.

Plate IV.

S|,eci..s -22. (>ru^. Brit.)
VENEr.uris lurs. /";■/(. Ij'fli') ikiII,',/,'' j)i/r,i, coir.presna,
oMongo-t:H/i(/ii'iilriil<i. nn/inliiii luiiiii,r sulfalii,
concentrirr liiiiiiiiuld, liiiiiiiiis ijiiiiilil/ii<, Uuiucatis
jMstirit latiori/jus ; liitire antiw l/n'ri, stibtiis um-
bmii's ca-acato; umbonibus decumbcntibus ; media
Cdiupn-.tsd, manjinc riDitniU subcuntracto ; latere
postico oblonijo, ^itbuiii/uldto.

The Iiius VENKurris. .Shell p^ile ("ulvous, compressed,
oblong-sulxjuailnite, radiati'ly Kncly grooved, coii-
ceutrically laminated, lamiiuc extant, fluted,
broader posteriorly ; anterior side short, e.xeavatod
under the uinboes ; mnboes decumbent ; niidiile
compressed, ventral margin <i little contracted ;
posterior side oblong, rather angular.

LinNjEus (Donax). Systenia NaturiB.

TelliiM cornubiensi.':, Pennant, Brit. Zool.

Cuiicugfoliatvs, Costa.

Ilab. Great Britain.

Found in Limestone rocks on the more soutliern

coasts of England, Wales, and Ireland.

5peeies 23. (Mus. Brit.)

Veserl'pis macroi'hylla. Vch. ti/hl obloinjt^, radiatini
striatd, laminis temnbns, canccllatis, productis,
laqueatis, postice latiorihus cimceiilrice, onuitd ;
latere aniico declivi ; latere pontiro elonrpito, ad
terminum snbroUmdo ; margiiie i-eiitrali rectius-
citlo, marijitu dorsali paidu arcuaio, declivi.

The large leaf Yeneritis. Shell oblong, radiately
striated, concentrically ornamented with thin,
cancellated, produced, fluted lamina;, broader at
the posterior side ; anterior side sloped ; posterior
side elongated, rather rounded at the end ; ventral
margin rather straight, dorsal margin a little
arched, sloped.

Dkshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, IS.')"..
-IJab. Philippines.

A more light and delicate shell than Vencrupis Iriis,
with the leafy lamina; fewer and more prominent.

Species 24. (Mus. Brit.)
VExr.Rr-iTS MiTis. Vrii. trsta. oh!„ii.,/,;, rertaiujulari,

mi II, It,;,- 1,,1,'rr „i,li,-o l,i; vl, drrliri .■ tat, ■ri: post i CO
obluiiijii, ii/i/i,jii,'' ,, 11,111 1, ii, , ; iwnyine dorsidi recto ;

TiiE (juiicT Vi.NEUi:ris. Sliell oblong, rectangular,
liiilitly radiately striated, concentrically finely la-
minated; anterior side short, sloped; posterior
side oblong, obliquely angular ; dorsal margin
straight ; terminal margin broadly truncated.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, ISuo.

Jl,d,. ■?

The h

,( tl.

shell

Species 25. (Mus. Brit.)

Venerupis fimbkiata. Ven. testa subovatd, radialiia
subdistanter sulcata ; concentrice laminatA ; lamia i
extantibus, laqueatis, postice latioribus ; latere
antico bred, subrotundo, umbonibus altis ; latere
poHico suhanguluto ; manjine dorscdi rcclitisculo.

The fiunged Venerupis. Shell, subovate; radiately
rather distantly grooved ; concentrically laminated ;
laminas outstanding, fluted, broader posteriorly;
anterior side short, rather rounded, umboes ele-
vated ; posterior side rather angular; dorsal
margin nearly straight.

SowERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Venerupis, No. 12,
fig. 24.

Hab. ?

A shell in the Cumingian collection, locality unknown.

November, 1874.

VEXERUPIS.— Plate IV.

Species 2G. (Fig. ir, h, Mas. Sowcrby.)
Venerupis rugo.-!A. Ven. tei-td oHongd, rectiusctild, crn^sA,
nonunquam ad wiihones roseo-purpured, intenlum
intm postice fusco-purpureo pictd, medio antic'eque
disvupte et angulatim rugosd, poslice rngis concen-
tncis, crassiilscuHs liratd ; latere posdco latiiZs-
culo, late triincato.

The rugose Venerupis. Shell oblong, rather straight,
thick, sometimes purplish-rose at the umboes,
sometimes painted inside posteriorly with purple-
brown, wrinkled in the middle in a broken and
angular m;inner, posteriorly ridged with concen-
tric, rather thick wrinkles ; posterior side rather
broad ; widely trimcated.

Desh.\tes. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Swan River.

The form is similar to that of Tapes perforans, but the

surface is wrinkled in small angles, excepting at the

back, where there are regular ridges.

Species 27. (Mas. Ilanley.)
Veneritts interstriata. Ven. te^ld rhomhoided,
■ poslii'e pallide et minute liueis rubrin reliculald ;
ronceiitrice crebre laminatd, inter laminas mimttis-
sime striatd; latere antico angustiuscolo, brevi,
subtus umboncs excavato ; latere postico latiori,
oblique angulato, margine dorsali recto ; margine
terminali late Iruncato.
The interstkiated VENERnns. Shell rhomboidal,
posteriorly reticulated with fine red lines, concen-
trically closely laminated, very finely striated be-
tween the laminae, anterior side rather narrow,
short, excavated beneath the umboes; posterior side
broader, obliquely angular, dorsal margin straight;
terminal margin broadly truncated.
nwERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Venerupis, No.
17, fig. 26.
Hab. ?

rugis sublamiiiatis, suhundalis ; latere postico
oblique angulato, margine rectangulato.

The PAUPER Venerupis. Shell small, short, oblong,
rather square, concentrically irregularly wrinkled ;
wrinkles sublaminated, rather undulated ; posterior
side obliquely angular, with rectangular margin.

Deshayes. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

Hab. Mazatlan.

Species 28. (Mus. Brit.)
C ENERUPis PADPERCULA. Vcn. testd parvd, brevi, ob-
ortim-subquadratd, concentrice irregulariter rugatd ,

Species 20. (Mus. Brit.)
Venerupis planicosta. Ven. testd subquadratd, dis-
tanter concentrice laminis distantibus planulatis
liratis ; radlatim minute striata ; latere antico
brevissimo ; umbonibus mbterminalibus ; latere pos-
tico subquadrato, mai-gine dorsali declivi ; manjine
ventrali recto.

TuE flat-ribbed Venerupis. Shell subquadrate, dis-
tantly concentrically ridged with distant flattened,
laminae ; radiately minutely striated ; anterior side
very short; umboes nearly terminal, posterior side
rather square, with dorsal margin sloped ; ventral
margin straight.

Desuates. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1853.

//„/,. ?

More rectangular than Vencrvpis obesa.

Species 30. (Mus. Hanley.)

Venerupis interjecta. Ven. testa oblongo-subqvad-
rata, postice roseo angulatim lineatd, laminis con-
centricis actitis subdistantibus rugatd, radiatim
minutissime striatd ; latere postico oblique angxdato,
ad terminum expanso, latere dorsali recto, elevaio,
ad terminum cuneafo.

The interjected Venerupis. Shell oblong-subqua-
drate, posteriorly lineated with rose, concentrically
wrinkled with sharp, rather distant laminse, ra-
diately very minutely striated ; posterior side
obliquely angular, expanded at the end; dorsal
margin straight, elevated, cuneate at the end.

Deshayes. Brit. Mus. Cat.

Hab. New Holland.

V E N E R U P I S.

arcnata, Deshaycs II.

attenuata, Sowcrhy II.

Californica, Conrad II.

carditoides, Lamarcl: I.

Chinensis, Deshayes III.

Cordieri, Deshayes I.

coi-nubiensis, Pennant IV.

crenata, Lamarck I.

Ciuningii, Deshayes III.

cylindracea, Deshayes II.

dorelicta, Deshayes II.

Dicmenensis, Quay III.

digona, Deshayes II.

exotica, Ilanley II.

?mihr\&ta., Sowerhy IV.

foliacea, Deshayes II.

foliatu-s, Costa IX.

insignis, Deshayes I.

interjecta, Deshiyes IV. 30

interstriata, &;(cer% IV. 27

irns, Linnwus IV. 22

ma.cvo\)\iyl\i\, Deshayes IV. 23

mirabilis, Deshayes I. 4

mitif,, Deshayes IV. 24

monstvosa,, Chemnitz III. 21

obesa, Deshayes III. 13

oblonga, ,S'oW('/-J^ 111. I 'J

paupercula, Z)t's/i«^M IV. 28

planicosta, i)«/(aycs IV. 2'J

pulcherrima, Deshayes III. 1 .'>

rugosa, Deshayes IV. 2G

siliqua, Deshayes III. 20

siihglobosa, SoWL'i-hy II. 1 :.'

tp.xta, Deshayes 11. 'J

tVimida,, Soicer/jy 111. 14

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GENUS

PANDORA.

'I'liousands of things do Thee employ
In nilinn; all
This spacious globe." — Tfmrli.

Pandcra F/.l.

r-'»

C

'^cent Brocks Day « Son.lmp.

PANDORA.

13 rANDOUA,

jianite,

Testa inaquicah-is, inaquilateralis, poslice proilucta,
rostrata, tenuis, compj-cssa, alba, iiitiis margariUvea.
Impressiones iuuscidares dua, rotwidce. Vulva
dextra complanata, unidentata, cartilagine inter
castas laminatas radialas Joveato, vinryine postico-
dorsali rejlexo. Valca dnistra plusminusve con-
vexa, ad marginem ventraLia plerumque valcam
dextran siiperans.

Shell itiequivalve, inequilateral, posteriorly produced,
beaked, thin, compressed, white, pearly within.
Muscular impressions tw<j, rounded. Eight valve
flat, single-toothed, cartilage pitted between two
radiating laminated ribs, posterior dorsal margin
bent backwards. Left valve more or less convex,
generally overlapping the right valve at the ventral
margin.

The subgenus Kennerlia is founded by Mr. Carpenter
upon the species Pandora glacialis and another or two,
which are said to have an ossicle. This ossicle seems
to me to be only a thickening of the sides of the liga-
ment pit ; in which case, the generic description of
Pandora by Adams as hav'ng "no free ossicle" would
be correct of all the species including the al>ove
mentioned. It is quite possible that an examination of
more specimens might modify my view of this mutter.

The Pandorae burrow in s;ind and mud at con-
siderable, but varying depths. Britain has two species ;
other species arc found northwards at Spitzbergen,
centrally at Panama, and southwards at New Zealand.
The number of species has not very largely increased
since the publication of the late Mr. G. B. Sowerby's
monograjih in the Species Conchyliorum ; that is to
say, it has not done so in proportion to many other
genera during that period.

Species 1. (Mus. Brit.)

Pandor.'I CRlSTjiTA. Fa7i. testa altd, hrevi, dolabnj'ormi
compressd ; margine ventrali convcxissimd ; latere
antico Irevi, margine dorsali elevato ; laminis
cuneatis cristato ; latere postico ad mai-ginem
dorsalein leviter arcuato, in rostmm prodticium
elevatum angustum terminanti, costu dorsali
angustd, tumidd.

The crested PAXDOR.'i. Shell elevated, short, hatchet-
shaped, compressed ; ventral margin very convex ;

anteriur side short, dorsal margin elevated, crested
with cunoate laniiu;e ; posterior side slightly
arched at the dorsal margin; terminating in a
produced, raised, narrow beak ; dorsal rib nurrow,
tumid.

C.\RrEXTEr. ? Mus. Brit. MS.

Hal). I

Distinguished by a jagged crest on the antero dorsal
margin.

Species 2. (Fig. a, h, Mus. Sowerby.)

P.\NDoi:.\ iNyE(iUiv.\Lvis. Pan. testd obloiigd, intus
extdsque medio et versds umbones Jiavidd ; latere
antico bred, subrotnndo, versiis medium sub-
Jli'xuoso ; latere postico producto, margine dorsali
pmd!) arcuatim depresso ; roslro obtuso, truncatu ;
costd dorsali dnplicatd. diprcssd; vahd sinistra
pivfiindd, JlexUdfi). ml inaiyiiiun vcntralcia valvaiu
dexlram conspicn,'- aujicraiili.

The INEQUIVALVE P.\.\-Dui:.4.. Shell oblong, yellow
inside and outside in the middle and towards the
umboes ; anterior side short, rather rounded,
rather flexuous towards the middle ; posterior side
produced, dorsal margin a little depressed with a
curve; beak obtuse, truncated ; dorsal rib duplicate,
depressed ; left valve deep, flexuous, conspicuously
overlapping the right valve at the ventral margin.

LlKNJlus (Tellina). Syst. Nat.

Pandora rostrata, Lamarck.

Ilab. Great Britain.

Species 3. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)
P.^NDOR.'V Wardiana. Pan. testd altd, semiorbicidari,
subntgosd, pallidisshne subjmrpured ; latere antico
brevi, angusto, ad marginem ventralem siiiu flexuoso
emarginato ; latere postico acuminata expanso,
margine dorsali Jlexuosim declivi ; valvd dexlrd
complanatd, stdcls incisis rubris, linearibus,
divaricatim radiatd ; valvd sinistrd valde convexd,
antice sidcAJlexuosd, leviter depressd radiatd.
Ward's Pandora. Shell elevated, semiorbicular,
rather rough, very pale purplish ; anterior side
short, narrow, emarginated at the ventral margin
with a flexuous sinus ; posterior side acuminated,
expanded, with dorsal margin flexuously sloped ;
right valve flattened, diversely rayed with incise.

November, 187-1.

PANDORA.— Plate I.

red, linear grooves ; left valve very convex, rayed
anteriorly with a flexuous, lightly depressed
groove.

Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850.

Hab. California.

In our common British species, the deep valve gives

\QTy slight indications of a sort of flexuous depression

like that which is fully developed in the present species.

Species 4. (Mus. Brit.)

Pandora elonc.ata. Pan. testa tenuissimd, compressa,
valde amuitd ; latere antico brevissimo, antjiisto,
obli/jii' cLnitit ,- hitere postico lato, margine ventiali
c >ni-:M'i.<siiii'i: iiiiirijiiie dorsali. crescentiformi; rostro
aiKjiistit, pri'ihirtn ; costii dorsuU tumidd ; valvd
sinistra planiiiscuhi.

The elongated Pandora. Shell very thin, com-
pressed, much arched ; anterior side very short,
narrow, obliquely elevated ; posterior side broad,
ventral margin very convex ; dorsal margin
crescent-shaped ; beak narrow, produced ; dorsal
rib tumid ; left valve rather flat.

Carpenter ? MS. Mus. Brit.

n„b. — ?

The peculiarity of this shell is the oblique narrowing
of the anterior side and deepening of the ventral margin
on the posterior.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Pandora oblonga. Fan. testd tenui, attenuata, rectius-
culd, latero antico angustiusculo ; latere postico
elongate, versiis 7-ostrum attenuate ; rostro truncate ;
valvd sinistra moderate convexd ; dente in valvd
plannlatd ligamentoque minimis.

The oblong Pandora. Shell thin, attenuated, rather
straight, anterior side rather narrow ; posterior
side elongated, attenuated towards the beak ; beak
truncated ; left valve moderately convex ; tooth in
lower valve and ligament very small.

SowERBY. Species Conchyliorum, Pt. I. Pandora Sp.
f. 10.

Ilab. Kiver Gambroon.

This species diff'ors from Pandora inaqiiiralvis in its

length and narrowness. The tooth and ligament are

also very small.

Species G. (Mus. Brit.)
Pandora trilineata. Pan. testd conqjressd, altiiisculd

distanter rugatd, crassiusauld ; margine dorsali
panld depresse-arcuato, rostro obtusissime, truncate ;
costd dorsali acuatd, subnedosd; valvd dcxtrd ad
marginem ventralem valvam sinistram supcranti ;
valvd sinistra planiusculd.

The trilinear Pandora. Shell compressed, rather
elevated, distantly wrinkled, rather thick ; dorsal
margin a little depressed in a curve, beak very
obtuse, truncated ; dorsal rib sharp, rather nodose ;
right valve overlapping left valve at the ventral
margin ; left valve rather flat.

Sat. Adams, Proc. Zool.

Hab. Ceylon.

More solid and pearly than either of tiie British
species.

Species 7. (Mus. Sowerby-)
Pandora oltusa. Pan. testa ovatd, rectiiisciild, tenui,

latere antico In-evi, angulate, supcrne cuneate ;

latere postico expauso, truncato, margine dorsali vix

depresse ; costd dorsali inconspicud ; valvd sinistra

convexd, versiis umbunes rugatd.
The obtuse Pandora. Shell ovate, rather straight,

thin, anterior side short, narrow, cuneate above ;

posterior .side expanded, truncated, dorsal margin

very little depressed ; dorjal rib inconspicuous ;

left valve convex, wrinkled towards the umboes.
Le.^ch. MS. Brit. Mus.
Mytilus ])inna, Pennant.
Anatina truncata, Turton.
Hab. South-west coast of Encland.

Species «. (ilus. Brit.)

Pandora arcuata. Pan. testd altiiisculd, dolabriforiui,
latere antico subproducto, margine rotnndu ; lattre
postico eleganter arcuate ; rostro p)roducto, elevate ;
valvd, sinistrd intlts medio et versus umbones
costellis margaritaceis radiatd.

The arched P.andora. Shell rather elevated, hatchet-
shaped, anterior side rather produced ; margin
rounded : posterior side elegantly arched, beak
produced, elevated ; left valve rayed inside, in the
middle and near the umboes with pearly riblets.

Sowerby. Species Conchyliorum, Med. PI. f. 27, '2ii.

Hab. ?

There is a peculiar radiation of pearly stria? in the

interior of this shell, which is rather distinctly beaked

and gracefully curved.

random PL 11.

t

.^Xx

&owei-by del d Iilli

■\fc:cent BtooIis Day A. Sod Imp

PANDORA.

Species 9. (Mus. Erit.)

Pandoua liADiATA. fall, tcstd scTnirotuiuld, opacd;
marjine venlrali convexo ; latere antico hrevi,
margiiie tlorsali subtiis ttmbones excavato, ad terrni-
num cuneato ; latere postico versils rostrum sub-
attenuato ; rostro hrevi, truncato ; valvd dextrd
planulatd, radiatim sulcata, stilcis nibris, lineari-
bus ; valvd sinistra convexa; costd dorsali validd.

The kaykd Pandoua. Shell half-round, opaque ;
ventral margin convex ; anterior side short, dorsal
margin excavated beneath the umboes, cuneated
at tlie end ; posterior side a little attenuated
towards the beak ; beak short, truncated ; right
valve flat radiately grooved, grooves red, linear;
left valve convex, dorsal rib strong.

SowERHY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1835.

Hub. ?

Species 10. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pandora filosa. Pan. tesld semiovata, opacd, marginc
ventrali medio convexo, utrinque attenuato, acu-
minata ; marfjine dorsali recto ; latere antico ad
marijinem ventralem sinuosim contracto ; latere
postico ant'e rostrum attenvato, contracto ; rostro
producio, ad tcrninum tnincato ; valvd sinistrd
moderate convexa.

The threaded Pandora. Shell semiovate, opaque,
ventral margin convex in the middle, attenuated
and acuminated at each end ; dorsal margin
straight ; anterior side sinuously contracted at the
ventral margin ; posterior side attenuated and
contracted in front of the beak ; beak produced,
truncated at the end ; left valve moderately
convex.

Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc,

Hab. Puget's Sound.

Species 11. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pandora Cdmingii. Pan. testa compressd, obliqiin,
arcuald ; latere antico angusto, elevato ; latere
postico lato, producto, rostrato, margine dorsali
profundi arcuato, ad terminum elevato, margine
ventrali expanso, ante rostrum contracto.

Cl'.ming's P.Uv'Dora. Shell compressed, oblique,
arched; anterior side narrow, raised; posterior
side produced, beaked, dorsal margin deeply
arched, raised at the end, ventral margin expanded,
contracted in front of the beak.

Hanley. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1861.

Hab. Philippines.

An extraordinarily formed shell belonging to the
same group as P. Cei/lanica, &c.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

Pandora brevifrons. Pan. tcstd tennissiind, elongatd,
rectd, angustd ; latere antico hrevi, subacuminato,
margine dorsali elevato; latere postico prodncto,
leviter rostrato, margine dorsali vix arcuato ; valvd
sinistrd convexd, valvam dextram ad marginem
ventralem sujieranti.

The short-fronted Pandora. Shell very thin, elon-
gated, rather straight, narrow ; anterior side short,
rather acuminated, with dorsal margin raised ;
posterior side produced, slightly beaked, dorsal
margin very little arched ; left valve convex,
overlapping the right valve at the ventral margin.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1835.

Hab. ?

Longer, straighter, and thinner than P. oblonga.

November, 1874.

PANDORA.— Plate II.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

Pandora punctata. Pan. testa expansd, lata, arcuaia ;
latere antico brevi, margine suprd medium sub-
cuneafo, intils impresso-punctatd dente unico, a mar-
gine distanti, radiato ; latere postico producto, ex-
panso suhrostrato, ad terminum elevato, acuminato ;
margiae dorsali arcuatim depresso ; valva sinistra
ad marginem ventralem expanse.

The punctured Pandora. Shell expanded, broad,
arched; anterior side short, margin with a
slight corner above the middle, inside with im-
pressed-punctures rayed with a single tooth
distant from the margin ; posterior side produced,
expanded, slightly beaked, raised at the end,
acuminated ; dorsal margin depressed in a curve ;
left valve expanded at the ventral margin.

C9NRAD. Proc. Zool. See, 1855.

Hab. ?

Species 14. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pandora glacialis. Pan. testd latA, brevitlsmld,
ventricosd, crassisiiculd, concentrice rugatd; latere
antico vix cuneato radiatim sulco inconspicuo
impresso, ad marginem sinuato ; latere postico
latiori, brevissimi rostrato, obtuso, prope marginem
costis duahus suhnoduliferis radiato, ad marginem
ventralem convexo ; valvd sinistrd profimdd, eden-
tuld ; valvd dextrd unidentatd ; cartilagine in foveam

instnictd ; fovea ad laterd lamind calcarcd incras-
satd.

The glacial Pandora. Shell broad, rather short,
ventricose, rather thick, ^VTinkled concentrically ;
anterior side with a very slight corner, impressed
with a slightly radiating groove, sinuated at the
margin ; posterior side broader, very shortly
beaked, obtuse, rayed near the margin with two
rather nodulous ribs, convex at the ventral
margin ; left valve deep, without teeth ; right
valve with one tooth ; cartilage inserted in a pit ;
thickened at the sides with a calcareous layer.

Le.\ch. B. M.

Hub. Spitzbergen.

I can scarcely regard this slight thickening at the

sides of the cartilage pit and cartilage as a separate

ossicle.

Species 15. (Mus. Brit.)
Pandora Braziliensis. Pan. testd brevi, lata, ohtnsd ;

latere antico brevissimo ; latere postico late trttn-

cato ; valvd sinistrd ventricosd.
The Brazilian Pandora. Shell short, broad, obtuse ;

anterior side very short ; posterior side broadly

truncated ; left valve ventricose.

Gould ? MS. Brit. Mus.

Hab. Brazil.

I am unacquainted with the upper valve of this
shell, which may possibly prove to have been described
from a defective specimen.

Pandora PI. III.

1© ^

Vbceni- Brooks Uav -^ ?' on, tn[-

PANDORA.

Species 16. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Sowerby.)

Pandor.\ fle.\uosa. Pan. testa parud, hreciusmld,
tortuosd ; latere antico subacuminato ; latere postico
attenuato, rostrato, margine dorsali declivi, arcuato,
ad terminum elevato, margine terminali truncato ;
valvd sinistrd profunda, flexiiosd ; ante rostrum
contractd ; costis duahus rostralibus validis.

The flexuous P.\ndora. Shell small, rather short,
tortuous ; anterior side slightly acuminated ;
posterior side attenuated, beaked, dorsal margin
sloped, arched, raised at the end, terminal margin
truncated ; left valve deep, flexuous, contracted
in front of the beak ; two strong rostral ribs.

SowERBY. Genera of Shells, No. 2.

Hah. Arabian Gulf.

This beautiful littlu species is seldom met with.

Species 17. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Pandora delicatula. Pan. testa parvd, tenttissimd,
depressd, medio concentrice leviter rugatd, hreviics-
culd; antice angustd, postice ad marginem veniralem
cxpansd ; ante rostrum leviter contractd ; rostra
lata, depresso, lati truncato, margine dorsali recto.

The delicate Pandora. Shell small, very thin, de-
pressed, slightly concentrically wrinkled in the
middle, rather short ; anteriorly narrow, pos-
teriorly expanded at the ventral margin ; a little
contracted in front of tlie beak ; beak broad,
depressed, broadly truncated, dorsal margin
straight.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Sec.

Ilah. Japan.

The specimens from which the figure is taken are
young, and I have seen no others.

Species 18. (Mus. ? copied.)

Pandora nasuta. Pan. testd subovatd, arcuatd, medio
subexpansd ; latere antico subcuneaio, margine

November, 1874.

dorsali svhalato, dedivi ; latere postico versiis
teriainum attenuato, conspicue rostrato; margine
dorsali arcuato, margine ventrali ante rostrum coii-
tracto, medio convexo.

The nasute Pandora. Shell subovate, arched, slightly
expanded in the middle ; anterior side a little
cuneate, with dorsal margin slightly alate, sloped;
posterior side attenuated towards the end, con-
spicuously beaked ; dorsal margin arched, ventral
margin a little contracted in front of the beak,
convex in the middle.

SowERBV. Species Coachyliorum, figs. 18, 19.

Hub. ?

The shell is described in the above work as one of
extreme rarity, and as the specimen in the British
Museum to which the name is attached does not well
agree with the description and original figure, I have
thought it best to copy the latter.

Species 19. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pandora Ceylanica. Pan. testd altd, compressd, dola-
brifonni, arcuatd, solidiilsculd, suba:quilaterali,
concentrice undulatd ; intus laminis cardinalibus,
undfomicatd, radiatd ; latere antico acclivi, mar-
gine dorsali subalato ; latere postico ad marginem
ventralempi-oducto; ante rostrum contracto, margine
dorsali profundissime arcuato ; rostro angusto,
producto, costd duplicatd rostrali validd, angustd;
vahis subeequaliter planulatis.

The Ceylon Pandora. Shell elevated, compressed,
hatchet-shaped, arched, rather solid, nearly equi-
lateral, concentrically undulated, rayed within
with cardinal layers, one vaidted ; anterior side
sloped upwards, dorsal margin slightly alate;
posterior side produced at the ventral margin;
contracted in front of the beak, dorsal margin
very deeply arched ; beak narrow, produced,
double rostral rib strong, narrow ; valves almost
equally flat.

Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1835.

Hab. Ceylon.

PANDORA.— Plate III.

Species 20. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pandora claviculata. Pan. testa altd, dolahriformi,
arcuata, solidiusaild, concentrice valide vndulatd ;
latere antico elevato, margine dorsali subalato ;
latere postico ad marrjinem ventralem rotundatim
expanse, verms terminum sursum acclivi ; margine
dorsali arcuato, rosfro . terminali acclivi ; costis
rostralibus crassis, ad terminum elevaiis ; valvd
sinistrd postice moderate convexd, Jlexuosd.

The key-shaped Pandora. Shell elevated, hatchet-
shaped, rather solid, concentrically strongly un-
dulated ; anterior side raised, dorsal margin
slightly alate ; posterior side roundly expanded at
the ventral margin ; sloped up towards the end ;
dorsal margin arched, terminal rostrum sloped
upwards ; rostral ribs thick, raised at the end ;
left valve posteriorly moderately convex, flexuous.

Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855.

Hah. ?

Resembling Pandora Ceylanica in form, but the
under valve is more convex, and the curve of the
dorsal margin less strong.

Species 21. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Pandora depressa. Pan. testd altd, solidd, vivide
margaritaced, compressd, breviiisculd ; latere antico
Irevissimo ; margine dorsali declivi ; latere postico
obtvso, vix rostrato ; margine dorsali leviter
arcuato; valvd sinistrd parvd, convexd.

The depressed Pandora. Shell elevated, solid, brightly
pearly, compressed, rather short ; anterior side
very short ; dorsal margin sloped ; posterior side
obtuse, scarcely beaked ; dorsal margin slightly
curved ; left valve a little convex.

SowERBT. Species Conchyliorum, Figs. 11, 12.

Pandora tabacea, Gronovius ?

Species 22. (Mus. Brit.)

Pandora disccrs. Pan. testd brevi, altd, compressd ;
latere antico cuneato, subproducto ; latere postico
breviiisculo ; valvd dextrd acute rostratd, costis
validis duabiis prope marginem radiatd ; valvd
sinistrd nmlto ad marginem ventralem, valvam
dextram superanti.

The discordant Pandora. Shell short, elevated, com-
pressed ; anterior side cuneate, a little produced
posterior side rather short; right valve sharply
beaked, rayed near the margin with two strong
ribs ; left valve much overlapping the right valve
at the ventral margin.

SowERBY. Proc. Zool, SoC; 1835.

Hab. ?

The ventral extension of the deeper valve, from which
the name is probably derived, may possibly be a mere
imperfection in the specimens described from.

Species 23. (Mus. Brit.)
Pandora unsuiculus. Pan. testd parvd, arcuatd,

ventricosd, latere antico subaciiminato ; latere

postico siihattenuato, rostro producto, acuminata ;

costis marginalibus duabus, angustis, approximatis ;

margine dorsali leviter arcuato ; valvd sinistrd

convexd, siibfleantosd.
The talon Pandora. Shell small, curved, ventricose,

anterior side rather acuminated ; posterior side

rather attenuated, beak produced, acuminated ;

marginal ribs two, narrow, approximate ; dorsal

margin slightly arched ; left valve convex, rather

flexuous.
SowERBY. Species Conchyliorum, figs. IG, 17.

Hab. ?

The posterior side is attenuated gradually towards
the beak in this species ; whereas in Pandora jlex-uosa
it is suddenly contracted.

PANDORA.

Plate. Species

arciuita, .S^oiw;% I. 8

Braziliensis, GohW U. 15

brevifrons, Sowcrbi/ II. 12

Ceylanica, Sowerbi/ III. 19

claviculata, Carpenter III. 20

cristata. Carpenter I. 1

Cumin'gn, Ilanley II. 11

deUcatula, ^. ^f/am III. 17

depressa, (S'oit'c/% III. 21

discors, (S'oit'crJ^ III. 22

elongata, Carpenter I. 4

filosa, Carpenter II. 10

Hexnosa, Sowerhy III. 10

glacialis, Ze«c/( II.

ina;quivalvis, ZwjicEus I.

na.svXa., Sowerhy III.

oblonga, Sowerby I.

obtusa, Leach I.

/);■««(«, Pennant I.

punctata, Conrad II.

radiata, Sowerby U.

rosirata, liamaick I.

trilineata, Say I.

tnmcata, Turton I.

nnguicvdns, Sowerby III.

Wardiana, Carpenter I.

MONOGRAPH

OF THE GKNUS

TRICHOTROPIS,

" Thus the men
Whom Nature-s works can charm, with God himself
Holii converse."— -Ifcti's"^''-

Tiulu'troj)is FL.I

teni Brooks DayS San, Imp

T R I C II 0 T R 0 P I S.

Genus TRICIIOTROPIS, Drodcrip and Sowcrhj.

2'esta spiralis, carinata, umbilicata, cpidermide corneo
induta ; spirm anfractibus scalatis ; aperhird niagnd,
antice acuminatd canaliferd. Operculum corneum,
nonspirali, micleo tcrminali.

Shell spiral, keeled, umbilicatcd, covered with a horny
epidermis ; whorls of the spire in steps ; aperture
large, acuminated anteriorly, with a canal. Oper-
culum horny, not spiral, with terminal nucleus.

Three or four species out of the thirteen are from
Japan, &c., the others are from the northern latitudes
of Em-ope and America. The species of Admete are
distinguislied from those of Trichotropis, not only by
the lighter texture, and usually more ovate form of the
shell, but by the absence of an umbilicus.

•Species 1. (Fig. «, h, c, Brit. Mus.)

Trichotropis Borealis. Tri. testd siibj'usijbrmi, laid
umbilicafd, quinquc-carinatd, epidermide crasso,
flamidi fusco, ad carinas hirsuto indutd, infiis
rofed ; spiird elevatd ; anfractibus paucis, angulatis ;
aperturd lata, columella obliqud, labio externa tenui,
angulato.

The Boreal Trichotropis. Shell subfu.siform, broadly
umbilicated, five-keeled, covered with a thick
yeUow-brown epidermis, with hair at the keels,
pink within ; spire elevated ; whorls few, angular ;
aperture broad, columella olilique, outer lip tliin,
angukir.

Broiieijip and Sowerey. Zool. Journ. iv. p. 37.5.

Trichotropis Atlantica. Beck.

Trichotropis umbilicata. Macgillivray.

Trichotropis acuminata. Jeffreys. (Fig. 1, a.)

Eab. Behring Straits, Greenland, North Britain.

The synonyms above quoted appear to be only
conditions and states of the same species. The
second is represented by our figure 1 a. The third is
figured in Thorpe's British Marine Gonchology as
having all the appearance of an unformed shell.

Species 2. (Mus. Sowerby.)

Trichotropis bicarinata. Tri. testd angulato-suhglo-
bosd ; anfractibus angulatis, pauci.% ultimo maximo,
medio carinis diuthas cilialis, distaiUibus cinctis ;
umbilico lata, inai ijini' filiiiln ; apcrtiin'i rnaxlmd,
subquadrati'i, coliiiinlht latd, iiifhi plamitd, expansd.
Epidermide flavide fused.

The two-keeled Trichotropis. Shell angular-subglo-
bose ; whorls angular, few ; last very large, en-
circled with two ciliated, distant keels ; um-
bilicus broad, with ciliated margin ; aperture very
large, rather square. Epidermis yellowish-brown.

Broderip and Sowerby. Zool. Journ., iv.

Hnb. Japan.

Specie

(M.

5rit.)

Trichotropis cancellata. Tri. testd pyramidatd ;
spird elevatd ; anfractibus sitbrotundis, ultimo ven-
tricoso, costellis seto crenulatis, ciliatis cincto ; um-
bilico parvo ; columella tenui, arcuatd ; aperturd
rotunda, antice acutd.

The cancellated Trichotropis. Shell pyramidal;
spire elevated ; whorls rather rounded, last whorl
ventricose, encircled with eight crenulated,
ciliated ribs; umbilicus small ; columella thin,
arched ; aperture rounded, sharp in I'ront.

Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843.

Hab. Sitka, North America.

August, 1S74.

TEICHOTROPIS.— Plate I.

Species 4. (Miis. Brit.)

Trichotropis Kuzeri. Tri. testa suhfusiformi, costis
distinctis, subdistantibus cinctu, epidermide sira-
mineo-subviridi indutd ; spird conied, anfractibus
paucis ; umbilico magna ; apertvrd magna, subovatd,
antice posticeque acuminata.

Kuzer's Trichotropis. Shell subfusiform, encircled
with distinct rather distant ribs, covered with a
greenish straw-coloured epidermis ; spire conical,
with few whorls; umbilicus large; aperture large,
subovate, anteriorly and posteriorly acuminated.

Philippi. Menke Zeitschrift, 1848.

Trichotropis DoUiini. Petit.

Trichotropis ciliata. Kuzer.

Hab. Spitzbergen.

Species 5. (Mus. Brit.)

Trichotropis insignis. Tri. testd crassd, sulgloLosd,
epidermide pal lide fused indutd, costellis undulatim
crenulatis cinctd ; aperturd subquadratd, marginc
cren u lata ; urn b ilico parvo.

The wonderful Trichotropis. Shell thick, rather
globose, covered with a pale brown epidermis,
encircled with undulating crenulated ribs; aperture
rather square, with crenulated margin ; umbilicus
small.

MiDDENDORF. Malac. Ross., p. 107, t. 10, f. 7, 8, 9.

Hab. Behring's Straits.

This
rest.

5pecies is extremely different from all the

TrLchotropis PI 11.

4

#

i

%

VinLent Broolssllay it Son Imp

T R I C H 0 T R 0 P I S.

Species G. (Mus. Brit.)

Triciiotropis flavidula. Tri. testa pi/ramidat'i, itn-
gustd, lenui, fam'dii ; spird elevata, acuminuti'i,
anfractibiis angulatis, contis supra suturam duabus,
cinctis, idtimo qiiadricostato, inter costas cancel-
lato ; umhilico angitsto ; apertura parvd, suhtrigond.

The yellowish TiiiciiOTUoi'LS. Shell pyramidal, narrow,
thin, yellowish ; spire elevated, acuminated, whorls
angular, encircled with two ribs above the suture ;
the last four-ribbed, cancellated between the ribs ;
umbilicus narrow ; aperture small, subtrigoual.

Hinds. Voyage of the Sulpliiir.

Adams.

Hab. Sitka, North America.

Species 7. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Triciiotropis cedo-nulli. Tri. testa suhpyramidata,
rufescenti, sulcis concentricis et costis moniliformibus
spiraUbus cancellatd ; spird elevald ; apertiin'i sub-
rotundd; columelld subtruncatd, retrorsd ; labia
externo aniice sinuatim prodiicto.

The nonpareil Trichotuopis. Shell somewhat pyra-
midal, rather reddish, cancellated with concentric
grooves and beaded spiral ribs ; spire elevated ;
aperture rather rounded ; columella rather trun-
cated, turned backwards ; outer lip sinuously
produced in front.

A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hab. Japan.

The beauty of this species consists in its cancellated

and beaded sculpture.

Species 8. (Mus. Brit.)
Trichotuopis vnicai;inata. Tri. te^td Uecigald, ovatu-

sid,f)isifnri
spird clrn

SKJWnii 1

icpie

'/""

'de tcniii, Jiaridd

dutd ;
ifractibus angulatis, ad angulum
atis ; umbilico lato ; aperturd
oblicpie siihquadratd, ad termimim anticum oblique
acuminato ; labio externo ad medium arcuato, supr&
infrdque contracto.

The one-keeled Trichotropis. Shell smooth, oval-
subfusiform, covered with a thin, yellowish epi-
dermis ; spire elevated ; whorls angular, with a
single keel at the angle ; umbilicus broad ; aper-
ture obliquely acuminated; outer lip arched at
the middle, contracted above and below.

Broderip and Sowerbv. Zoological Journal, iv.
p. 376.

Hub. Japan.

Species 9. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Brit.)

Trichotropis quadeicarin.\ta. Tri. testd pi/ramidatd,
iiriiiuiiiatd, stramined, epidermide tenui, pallida
fused iiidiitd ; spird elevatd, anfraclibus angulatis,
siiprd suturam bicarinatis ; ultimo ventricoso, medio
bicarinato ; umbilico parvo ; aperturd subquadratd,
antice acuminatd ; columelld tortud.

The square-keeled Trichotropis. Shell pyramidal,
acuminated, straw-coloured, covered with a thin,
pale brown epidermis ; spire elevated, whorls
angular with two keels above the suture ; the last
ventricose, two-keeled in the middle ; umbilicus
small ; aperture rather square, acuminated ante-
riorly ; columella tortuous.

A. AnAMS. MS.

Hab. Japan.

The whorls have straight sides between the two

August, 1874.

TRICHOTROPIS.— Plate II.

Species 10. (Mus. Erit.)

Teichotropis CLATiinATA. Tri. testa fusiformi, epkler-
mide tenui, pallida indutd, coslis, spiralihus suh-
moniliformibus, et costellis interstitialibus regulaiihus
concentricis cancellatd ; spird acuminata, anfrac-
tihus superne angulatis, carinatis ; apertiird sub-
trigond, antice acuminata ; umbilico angusto.

The latticed Teichotropis. Shell fusiform, covered
with a thin, pale epidermis, cancellated with
slightly beaded spiral ribs, and interstitial regidar
small concentric ribs; spire acuminated, whorls
angular, carinated above ; aperture subtrigonal,
anteriorly acuminated ; umbilicus narrow.

A. Adams, MS.

Hob. New Zealand.

Species 11. (Mus. Brit.)
Trichotropis inermis. Tri. testd subfusiformi, epider-
mide stramineo indutd, costis spiralibus submonili-
formibus, rotimdis, crassiilsculis crebris et interstitiis
angustis striatis sculptd ; anfractibus angulatis,
supra suturam bicostatis ; umbilico mediocri; apier-
turd stibovatd, antice acuminata.

The unarmed Trichotropis. Shell somewhat fusiform,
covered with a straw-coloured epidermis, sculp-
tured with slightly beaded, rounded, rather thick,
close, spiral ribs, and narrow, striated interstices ;
whorls angular, two-ribbed above the suture ;
umbilicus middle-sized; aperture rather ovate,
anteriorly acuminated.

HmDS. Voyage of the Sulphur, voLiL, figs. 13, 14.

Hab. N.W. America.

The spiral ribs in this species are rounded and near
together.

Species 12. (Mus. Brit.)

Trichotropis conica. Tri. testa pyramidatd, stramined,
vix umbilicatd ; spird conicd, elevatd ; anfractibus
tricarinatis, lateribiis declivibus ; columelld angusld,
torlud ; aperturd subquadratd ; antice planatd.

The conical Trichotropis. Shell pyramidal, straw-
coloured, scarcely umbilicated ; spire conical,
elevated ; whorls three-keeled with sloped sides ;
columella narrow, tortuous ; aperture rather
square, flattened anteriorly.

MiJLLER.

Hab. GreenLand.

Species 13. (Mus. Brit.)

Trichotropis costellata. Tii. testd fusifoi~mi, subtur-
binatd, tenui, costellis tribus supericrihus majoribus,
tribus quatuor inferioribus hirsutis, cinctd, anguste
umbilicatd ; aperturd subtrigond, antice acwninatd.

The SMALL-RIBBED Trichotropis. Shell fusiform, sub-
turbinate, thin, encircled with three upper, larger,
and four lower, smaller, hairy ribs ; narrowly
umbilicated ; aperture subtrigonal, anteriorly
acuminated.

Couthoy. Boston Journal,

Hab. N. America.

In Trichotropis Borealis the ribs are thick and equal.
In this species, otherwise much resembling it, the three
upper ribs are thin, and the four lower ones still thinner.
The entire shell is also thinner, and the umbilicus
narrow.

*168I«*

iiiliiliiiiiii