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Conspectus

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Cyclostomaceorum

emendatus et auctus. (^

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Ci

Piieumoiioiioiuoruiii

Monographiae prodromus.

Auclore
Dr. Ait rforieo

Cassellis.

Sumptibus et typis Th. Fischeri.
1852.

BTOLOOV

V

I .:

• (j K 'I « O 1! O Ml

Veniiclirfc und verliessertc Uebersicht

sammtliclicr Gattimgen und bekannten

Arten der Cyclostomaceen*

(Ans Zeitschrif't fur Malakazoologie 1851. Nr. 9 — 11.)

V o r w o r t.

Wenn gleich mehrere der neuesten Schriftsteller fiber
Cyclostomaceen die ursprunglich von Gray (in der Syn-
opsis of the Contents of the British Museum 1840 und
1842) angebahnte, dann von Troschel selbststandig neu
vorgeschlagene, von mir weiter entwickelte Methode der
Zerspallung der nlten Gatlung Cyclostoma in mehrere,
so wo hi durch die Structur des Deckels, als durch den
Bau der Gehause und die Biidung der Mundungspartie
zu characterisirende Gattungen, nicht angenommen haben,
so scheint es mir doch dem Stande der Wissenschaft und
unserer ansehnlich bereichertcn Materialkenntniss ange-
inessen, diesen Weg nach Moglichkeit streng zu verfol-
gen und inuner weiter auszubilden. Nachdem ich durch
meinen letzten Aufenthalt in England ineine seii langer
Zeit gehauften Vorarbeiten sehr vermehreii und nochmals
priifen konnle, bin ich nun im Stande, in der Kiirze eine
in ganz gleicher Weise, wie meine Monographia Heliceo-
rum bearbeitete, Monographic der Pneu mop omen oder
gedeckelten, lungenathmenden Mollusken der Welt vor-

\

Ml 71459

zulegen, welcher ich hier gleichsam einen Pnodromtis
voransenden will, in der Hoffnung, dass dadurch Veran-
lassung gegeben werde, mir noch manche Zweifel aufzu-
klaren, eine Bitte, welche ich hiermit an alle Forscher
und Sammler richte, welchen dieser Conspectus zu Han-
den kommen diirfte.

Manchen wichtigen Fingerzeig fiber die naturliche
Verwandtschaft solcher Arten, die mir nur unvollkommen
hekannt sind, habe ich dem schatzbaren von Hrn. Petit
de la Saussaye (im Journ. de Conchyliologie 1850. I.
p. 40) aut'gestellten Verzeichnisse entnommen; von dem
grossten Werthe aber als Vorbild und Grundlage war
mir das 1850 erschienene Werkchen von Gray, welches
unter dem Titel ^Nomenclature of molluscous animals and
shells in the collection of the British Museum. Part I.
Cyclophoridae" einen Theil der Kataloge des Britischen
Museums bildet, und nach wolchem auch die Cyclostoma-
ceen dieses Museums streng geordnet sind. In diesem
Kataloge sind namlich die sammtlichen Gatlungen genau
characterisirt, was auch noch in dem fruher in den Proceedings
of the Zoological Society of London. Part XV. 1847.
p. 181 von Gray aufgestellten Sysleme schmerzlich ver-
misst wurde.

Mit geringen Veranderungen habe ich beinahe sammt-
liche dort begrundete Gattungen fast in derselben Reihen.
folge angenommen, bin jedoch im Stande, in diesen und
einigen neu hinzukommenden eine unendlich grossere
An/ahl einzuordnen , da gerade die leizten Jahre das
Material in grosstem Maassstabe bereichert ha ben, Bei
der Aufzahlung der Arten werde ich, wie in meiner
friihern Uebersicht (Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847. p. 101.) alle
diejenigen Arten, die mir auch jelzt noch ganz frenid
sind, vor der ibrtlciufenden Nummer mit »*j*«, diejenigen,
von welchen mir die Kenntniss des Deckels mangelt, mit
»*« bezeichnen , als Andeutung, dass mir eine jede

3

Mittheilting uber diese vorzugsweise willkommen sein
wurde.

Nach Gray's Vorgange lassen sich die sammtlichen
Gattungen der Cyclostomaceen in 2 Hauptreihen einthei-
len , nnmlich in solche mit ziomlich kreisrundem und
solche mit ovalem Deckel, zwischen welche ich jedoch
noch eine dritte in der Mi(te stehende Reihe eingescho-

O

ben habe. Das folgende Schema win! alle mir bekann-
ten Modificationen der Deckelbildung, welche fast all*in
zur Begrtindung der Gattungen geniigend sind, darstellen.

Conspectus generum.

I. Operculum circulare, saepe extus concavum. anfracti-

bus nitiltis lente accrescentibus formaturn, nucleo
centrali.

A. Operculum testaceum. Genera: Cyclotus, Aty-
caeus, Diplommatina.

B. Operculum cartilagineum. Genus : Pterocyclos.

C. Operculum corneum. Genera: Craspedopoma, Au-
lopoma, Cyclophorus, Leptopoma, Megalomastoma, Cat-
aulus, Pupmella, Pupina, Registoma, Callia.

II. Operculum subcirculare, anfractibus paucis, sensim

crescentibus, nucleo subcenlrali.

A. Operculum testaceum. Genera: Jamaicia, Licinat,
Choanopoma.

B. Operculum cartilagineum. Genus: Adamsiella.

III. Operculum ovale vel anguTatum, anfractibus paucis,

magis minusve celerifer accrescentibus, nucleo ex-
centrico.

A. Operculum teslaceum. Genera: Lithidion, Oto-
poma, Cyclostomus (incl. Tropidophora), Tudora, Leonia.

B. Operculum cartilagineum, extus strato tenui tesla-
ceo tectum. Gen.: Cistula.

C. Operculum pure cartilagineum. Genus: Chondro-
porna.

D. Operculum duplex, intus concameratum. Genus:
Pomatias.

E. Operculum corneum. Genera: Realia , Omphalo-
tropis, Bourdera.

I. Cy clot UK Guild., Swains,, Gray.

Operculum orbiculare, testaceum, arctispirum, extus con-
caviusculum, margine anfractuum subincrassato vel
in laminam incurvatam elevato, nucleo subcentrali.
Testa subturbinato-depressa vel discoidea; peristoma
continuum vel marginibus callo junctis, simplex vel
duplicatum, rectum aut expansum. (Syn. Aperostoma
Trosch. ex parte.)

§. i.

Perislomate simplice, recto.

1. Cyclotus giganteus Gray, Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 2.
t. 1. f. 11 — 14*). — Panama.

2. C. Quitensis Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 355.
t. 44. f. 19—22. -- Quito. (1.)

3. C. cingulatus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 176. t. 22. f. 20—
22. — Columbia, Nova Granada.

4. C. laxatus Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 181. t. 31 A. f.
302. Pfr. Ic. N. 245. t. 35. f. 3. 4. — Columbia.

5. C. Inca Orb., Pfr. Ic. N. 3. t. 1. f. 5—7. (Cycl.
Blanchetiana Moric.; C. Columbiense Fer. ; C. nobile
Per.1*) — Bolivia, Brasilia.

6. C. stramineus Reeve, Pfr. Ic. N. 90. t. 12. f. 6. 7.
t. 35. f. 7—9. - Columbia.

*) Ich zitire bei den iilteren Arten nur die in der neuen Aus-
gabe des Chemnitz'sthen Werkes von mir veroffentlichten Abbil-
dungen, da dort die vollstandige Synoiiymik gegeben ist. Die bei
neueren Arten zitirten t. 31 — 47 bilden die zweite Abbildung der-
selbeu Monographie.

1. C. translucidus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 4. t. 1. f. 8—
10. — Columbia.

8. C. asperulus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 1 58. t.20 f. 16.17.
(Cycl. rugulosum Sow. in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843. p.
29.) — Jamaica.

9. C. Popayanus Lea, Pfr, Ic. N. 48. t. 7. f. 7—10.
(Cycl. inconspicuum Sow.) — Nova Granada, Co-
lumbia.

*10. C. semis trial us Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 156. t. 20. f.
10—12. (Cycl. fasciatum et album Hutt.) — India.

11. C. Brasiliensis Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 108. t. 12. f.
13 — 15. (Cycl. prommulum Fer., Orb.) — Brasilia.

12. C. suturalis Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 109. t. 12. f. 10—
12. — Jamaica.

13. C. distinctus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 155. t. 20. f.
7 — 9. (Cycl. orbella Lam. ex Pelit.) — Columbia,
Haiti.

•j-14. C. dubiosus Adams Conlrib. to Conch. N. 9, p.
157. — Jamaica.

15. C. Jamaicensis Chemn., Pfr. Ic. N. 7. t. 2. f.
15—17. t. 44. f. 1. (Cyclotus lineatus Gray.) — Ja-
maica.

16. C. corrugatus Sow., Pfr. Ic, N. 8. t. 2. f. 13-
14. t. 44. f. 5. 6. (Cyclotus Jamaicensis Gray.) -
Jamaica.

17. C. jugosus Adams Contrib. N. 8. p. 143. Pfr. Ic.
N. 358. t. 44. f. 10—13. — Jamaica.

f 18. C. pa lie see ns Adams Contrib. N. 8. p. 143. —

Jamaica.
19. C. v aria ns Adams Contrib. N. 8. p. 143. Pfr. Ic.

N. 357. t. 44. f. 7—9. — Jamaica.
f20. C. seminudus Adams Contrib. N. 8. p. 143. —

Jamaica.

6

*21. C. subrugosus Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 186. t. 31

B. f. 308. 309. Pfr. Ic, N. 334. t. 42. f. 19. 20. -

Jamaica,
f 22. C. Duffianus Adams in Proc. Bost. Soc. 1845.

p. 11. - - Jamaica.
23. C. crassus Adams Contrib. N. 8. p. 143. Pfr. Ic

N. 359. t. 44. f. 14—16. — Jamaica.
f24. C. perpallidus Adams Contrib. N. 9. p. 157.-

Jamaica.

§. 2.
Peristomate simplice, expanso.

*25. C. volvuloides Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 187. t,
31 B. f. 313. 314. Pfr. Ic. N. 231. t. 33. f. 8. 9. -
Habitat?

26. C. subdiscoideus Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 184. t.
31 B. f. 304. 305. Pfr. Ic. N. 325. t. 41. f. 33. 34.
(Cycl. rusticum Pfr. in Proc. 1851. Jul. -- Cyclotus
Pfeifferi Gray in Mus. Brit.) -- Habitat?

f27. C. aratus Benson in Ann. and Mag. 1851. V1IL

— India.

28. C. orbollus Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 154. t. 20. f. 4—6.

(Cyclost. variabilc Fe'r., Cycl. Lamarkii Petit.) -

Madagascar.
f29. C. diatretus Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p.

205. — Feejec Islands.
30. C. conoideus Pfr. Ic. N. 99. t. 13. f. 19—21.

(Cycl. spur cum Sow.; C. varium Bard.) -• Isle de

France (Barclay), Seychell. (Sow.)
*3I. C. Mexicanus Menke, Pfr. Ic. N. 49. t. 7. f. 21.

22. — Mexico.

32. C. Taylorianus Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1851. p. 7. Ic.

N. 285. t. 38. f. 27— 2D. -- Borneo.

33. C. pusillus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 53. t. 7. f. 16. 17.

— Ins. Philippin.

*34. C. scalaris Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 328.
t. 41. f. 38. 39. (2.)

§• 3.

Peristomate duplicate.

35. C. hebraicus (Valvata) Less., Pfr. Ic. N. 91. t. 12.
f. 4. 5. t. 28 f. 14. 15. (Cycl. papua Quoy etGaim.;
C. distomella Sow.) — Nova Guinea.
*36. C. discoideus Sow. Pfr. Ic. N. 153. t. 20. f.

1 — 3. — Demerara.
•j- 37. C. o p a 1 i n u s M o u s s. jav. Moll. p. 51 . t. 5. f. 12.

— Java.

38. C. mucronatus Sow. Pfr. Ic. N. 52. t. 7. f. II —
13. — Luzon.

39. C. suhstriatus Sow. Pfr. Ic. N. 51. t. 7. f. 18—
20. — Ins Philippin.

•j-40. C. corniculum Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 51. t. 5. f.

11. — Java.
41. C. plebejus Sow. Pfr. Ic. N. 50. t. 7. f. 14. 15.

— Luzon.

f42. C. exiguus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 216. t. 28. f. 24.

— Habitat?

43. C. variegatus Swains. (Cycl. planorbulum Sow.,
Pfr. Ic. N. 174. t. 22. f. 6—16. Nee Lain.; Cycl.
cornu venatorium Petit.) - - Ins. Philippin.

44. C. rostellatus Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1851. p. 8. Ic. N.
286. t. 38. f. 30—34. — Sincapore.

II. Pteroeyclos Beiison.

Operculum subcartilagineuni, mullispiruin, spirahter lainel-
laiuin, intus concavutn. Testa late unibilicata, sub-
discoidea; peristoma pleriunque duplex, internum

breve, margine supero incisum, extcrnum superne in
alam vel rostrum tecliforme dilatatum.

§. i.

Peristomate interno deficiente. — Operculum?
*45. Pt. incomptus Sow., Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1851, p. 9.

— India?;

§. 2.

Peristomate duplice, operculo planiusculo, anfrac-

tibus extimis lamellatim elevatis.

(Myxostoma Trosch.)

46. P. brevis Martyn, Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1851. p. 9. -
(CycL Petiverianum Wood.) — India.

47. P. plan orb ul us Lam. Encycl. meth. t. 461. f. 3!

— Borneo?

§• 3.

Genuini, operculo extus valde convexo, margine
anfractuum lamellatim patenle.

(Steganotoma Trosch.)
f-48. P. Troscheli Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851.

VIII. t. 5. f. 2. - - Ceylon.
49. P. anguliferus Soul., Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1851. p.

6. — Cochinchina.

*50. P. tenuilabiatus Metcalfe in Proc. Zool. Soc.
1851. — Borneo.

51. P. Albersi Pfr. Z. f. M. 1851. p. 6. -- Habitat?

52. P. hispid us Pears. , Pfr. ibid. p. 6. (CycL spira-
culum Sorv., Steganotoma Prmsepi v. d. Busch, Pt.
Prinsepi Pfr.) — India.

53. P. rupestris Bens. , Pfr. ibid. p. 4. (Steganotoma
pictum Trosch.) Pteroc. pictus Trosch., CycL pictum
Petit.) — India.

*54. P. parvus Pears., Pfr. ibid. p. 5. — 'India.
55. P. Curningi Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1861. p. 5. Ic. t. 31.
f. 6—8. — Ceylon.

56. F. bilabial us Bens., Pfr. ibid. p. 4. — India.
f57. P. biciliatus Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 49. t. 20. f.

9. Fir. Ic. t. 43. f. t— 3? (Cycl biciliatitm Petit.) —

Birmah.
f58. F. Blandi Benson in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

t. 5. i'. i. — India,
f 59. F. spiracellum A. Ad. et Reeve Voy. Sania-

raug. Moll. p. 56. t. 14. f. 1. — Borneo.

III. Craspedopomst Pfr.

Operctilum corneum, solidum, arctissime spiratum, nucleo
centrali, pagina externa plana, interna prominentia
circular! in anfractu penultimo munila, medio profunde
concava. Testa subturbinata, rimata, anfractu ultimo
antice subcoarclato; peristoma continuum, simplex,
promineniiam internam operculi excipiens. (Syn. Bo-
lama Gray Syn. Brit. Mus.)

60. C. lucidum Lowe, Pfr. Ic. JX. 111. t. 13. f. 26.
27. - - Madera.

61. C. Lyonnetianum Lowe, Pfr. Ic. N. 280. t. 38.
L 19—22. — Madera.

IV. Aulopoma Troscliel.

OperculJin corneum, arctispirum, planorbiforme, e laminis
2 compositum, inter eas spiraliter canaliculatum, an-
fractu ultimo intus sulco circulari munito. Testa
turbinato-depressa vel subdiscoidea; anfr. ultimus an-
tice solutus, inde peristoma liberum, reclum, conti-
nuum, in sulco circulari operculi immersum.

62. A. Ilierii Guerin in Rev. zool. 1847. p. 1. (Cycl.
coma venatorium Pfr. Ic. N. 173. t. 22. f. 1—3;
Aulopoma Hoffmeisteri Trosch.) — Ceylon.

10

•j-63. A. cornu venatorium Sow. Thes. N. 48. t. 24.

I'. 41. 42. — Habitat?
64. A. helicinum Chemn., Pfr. ic. N. 26. p. 35. 160.

t. 4. f. 5. 6. t. 22. f. 4. 5. — Ceylon.

V. Cyclopiiorus JB out fort.

Operculum orbiculare, corneum, tenue, arctispirum, extus
magis minusve concavum. Testa globoso-turbinata,
depressa vel discoidea; peristoma continuum, expan-
sum vel rectum.

§. i.

Subturbinati, peristomate expanse, umbilico aperto, libero

Ecarinati.
*65. C. Himalayanus Pfr. in Proe. Z. S. 1851. Ic.

N. 228. t. 33. f. 10. 11. - Himalaya. (3.)
*66. C. speciosus Phil., Pfr. Ic. N. 184. t. 25. f. 1— 3.

Habitat?
*67. C. Si am en sis Sow, Thes. Suppl. N. 178. t. 31

A. f. 292. 293. Pfr. Ic. N. 331. t. 42. f. 5. 6. —

Siam.

68. C. tuba Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 183. t. 23. f. 10. 11. —
Malacca.

69. C. aquila Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 5. t. 2, f. 1. 2. t. 8. f.
1. 2. — Singapore.

f70. C. Pearsoni Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

— India.

71. C. volvulus Mull., Pfr. Ic. N. 19. t. 3. f. 1. 2. t.
45. f. 1. 2. (Cycl. variata Boys, Cycl. laevigatum
Menke.) — India.

72. C. in volvulus Mull., Pfr. Ic. N. 20. t. 4. f. 3. 4.

— India.

*73. C. picturatus Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 363.
t. 45. f. 13. 14. — Habitat? (4)

It

*74. C. Ibyatensis Ffr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 366.

t. 45. f. 19. 20. -- Ins. Ibyal. (5.)
*75. C. atramentarius Sow.. Pfr. Ic. N. 146. t. 18.

f. 17. 18. -- Habitat?
76. C. lutescens Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Jo. N. 345. t.

43. f. 12—14. -- Brasilia. (6.)
*77. C. Cytora Gray in Proc. Z. S. 1849. p. 67. —

Nova Seelandia.

§.2.

Subturbinati, peristomate expanse, umbilico aperto.
Obsolete angulati vel unicarinati.

78. C. aurantiacus Schum., Pfr. Ic. N. 22. p. 167.

t. 3. f. 15. t. 4. f. 8. 9. t. 23. f. 4. 5. (Cyclost. per-

nobilis Gould.} — Binnah.
*79. C. Bensoni Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 225.

t. 32. f. 11—13. — Habitat? (7.)

80. C. Borneensis Mete. Proc. Z. S. 1851. (Pfr. Ic.
N. 384. t. 47. f. 1—3.) - Borneo,

81. C. perdix Brod. et Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 55. t. 8. f.

7 — 9. Mouss jav. Moll. p. 54. t. 8. f. 1 . ( Cycl varie-
yatum Val.) — India.
f82. C. ZoIIingeri Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 55. t. 7. f. 2.

— Java.

•[•83. C. porphyriticus Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851.

VIII. — India.
84. C. expansus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S 1851. Ic. N. 290. t.

39. f. 20. 21. -- Habitat? (8)
f85. C. Cantori Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

— Ins. Penang.

*86. C. Munkeanus Phil., Pfr. Ic. N. 185. t. 28. f.

6-8. — Ceylon?
*87. C. amoenus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 362.

t. 45. f. 11. 12. -- Habitat? (9.)
88. C. turgid us Pfr. Ic. N. 241. t. 35. f. 15. 16. (Cycl.

12

crassum Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Nee Adams.) —
Liew Kiew. (10.)

89. C punctatus Grat., Pfr. Ic. N. 31. t. 5. f. 12. 13-

(CycL irroratum Sow.} — China.

90. C. denselineatus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
365. t. 45. f. 17. 18. (11.)

*91. C. marmoratus Per., Pfr. Ic. N. 301. t. 40. f. 9.
10. — Habitat?

§- 3.

Subturbinati, peristomate expanse, umbilico aperto.
Pluricarinati vel spiraliter costati.

92. C. eximius Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 53. t. 7. f. 1. Pfr.

Ic. N. 227. t. 23. f. 1. 2. -- Java.

93. C. Ceylanicus Pfr. Ic. N. 186. t. 29. f. 1—3.
{Oycl Indicum Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 190. t. 31 B.
f. 320. 321. Non Desh.) — Ceylon.

94. C. stenomphalus Pfr. Ic. N. 54. t. 8. f. 5. 6. -

Khasya Hills Indiae.

f 95. C. J e r d o n i B e n s. in Ann. and Mag: 1 851 . VIII. — India.
"96. C. zebrinus Bens, in Journ. As. Soc. V. p. 355.

Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 176. t. 31 A. f. 287.288. Pfr.

Ic. N. 240. t. 34. f. 21—23. — India.
97. C. ti grin us Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 56. t. 8. f. 13—16.

t. 16. f. 17—20. -- Ins. Philippin.
|98. C. Aurora Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII. —

Hiinalayah.
*99. C. luridus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 364.

t. 45. f. 15. 16.) -- Habitat? (12.)

100. C. zebra Grat., Pfr. Ic. N. 138. t. 13. f. 31.32. t.
43. f. 19 22. -- Ins. Philippin.

101. C. Philippinarum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 33. t. 5, f.
17. 18. t. 13. f. 32—34. -- Ins. Philippin.

* *

*

102. C. Guiniarasensis Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 96. t. 12. f.
8. 9. — Ins. Philippin.

13

103. C. turbinatus Pfr. Ic. N. 97. t. 13. f. 17. 18.

(CycL helicoides Sow.} - - Ins. Philippin.
M04. C. triliratus Pfr. Ic. N. 386. t. 47. f. 8—10. —

Labuan. (13.)

§• -i.

Subturbinati, peristomate expanse, umbilico processu lin-
guaeformi magis minusve occultato.

105. C. validus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 85. t. 11. f. 9. 10.
t. 16. f. 15. 16. — Ins. Philippin.

106. C. Indicus Desh., Pfr. Ic. N. 229. t. 33. f. 3. 4.

— India.

107. C. linguiferus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 181. t. 23. f.
1 — 3. — Ins. Philippin.

108. C. canaliferus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 32. t. 5. f. 14—
16. — Ins. Philippin.

109. C. lingulatus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 182. t. 23. f. 6—
10. — Ins. Philippin.

*110. C. fulguratus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
361. t. 45. f. 9. 10. — Arva. (14.)

§. 5.

Subturbinati, peristomate expanso, umbilico clauso.
111. C. turbo Chemn., Pfr. Ic. N. 148. t. 19. f. 4. 5.

(Cyclost. maculosa Jay.} — Sumatra.
'112. C. ictericus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 150. t. 19. f. 8.9.

— Habitat?

§.6.

Subturbinati, peristomate recto.
fl!3. C.coeloconus Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

— India.

114. C. plicatus Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p. 204.

Pfr. Ic. N. 302. t. 40. f. 13. 14. - - Upolu.
*115. C. strigatus Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p.

204. Pfr. Ic. N. 303. t. 40. f. 15. 16. — Upolu.
f!16. C. tiara Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p. 204.

— Upolu.

14

fH7. C. obligatus Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p.

205. — Ins. Matea.
118. C. parvus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 98. t. 13. f. 15. 16.

— Ins. Philippin.

?119. C. flavus Brod., Pfr. Ic. N. 14. t. 3. f.9-11.-

Ins. Annaa.
*120. C. euomphalus Phil, in Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1851.

p. 30. Pfr. Ic. N. 338. t. 42. f. 27—30. — Habitat?
*121. C. margarita Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. ic. N.

235. t. 44. f. 9. 10. — Ins. Rapa. (15.)

§. 7.

Depressi, peristomate expanse, spiraliter costati vel striati.

122. C. oculus capri Wood, Pfr. Ic. N. 18. t. 3. f. 5.
6. Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 52. t. 6. f. 2. (Cycl. Rafflesii
Brod. et Sow.; C. indicum Phil. Ablu'ld. Nee Desh.)

— Java, Sumatra.

123. C. semi su lea tus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 81. t. 11. f. 1.
2. — Malacca.

*124. C. vittatus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 82. 1. 11. f. 5. 6. —

Madagascar.
*125. C. Moulinsii Grat., Pfr. Ic. N. 6. t. 2. f. 18. 19.

— Madagascar.

1*6. C. Woodianus Lea, Pfr. Ic. N. 46. t. 7. f. 1— 3.

(Cycl. luzonicum Sow.; C. Gironmeri Soul.) -- Ins.

Luzon.
127. C. Charpentieri Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 56. t.G.f.S. —

Java. (Cycl. involvulus var.? Pfr. Ic. t. 8. f. 10—12.)
M28. C. appencliculatus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851.

Ic. N. 360. t. 45. f. 7. 8. — Ins. Philippin. (16.)

§. 8.
Depressi, peristomate expanso, laevigati.

*129. C. guttatus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 346.
t. 43. f. 15. 16. — Habitat? (17.)

15

§. 9.

Depressi, peristomate recto
incrassato.

*130. C. maculosus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 47. t. 7. f. 4— 6.

- Habitat?

131. C. stenostomus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 159. t. 20. f-
18. 19. 23—25. -- Arabia, Cochinchina?

§. 10.

Depressi, peristomate recto, tenui. Spiraliter striati
vel sulcati.

*132. C. purus Forbes in Proc. Z. S. 1850. p. 56. t.
9. f. 9. Pfr. Ic. N. 226. t. 32. f. 14. 15. -- Habitat?

133. C. Cumingii Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 89. t. 12. f. 1—3.
(C. striata Lea.} — Columbia.

134. C. alternans Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N 324.
t. 41. f. 30—32. — Madagascar (18.)

135. C. Bourcieri Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 223.
t. 32. f. 5—7. — Quito. (19.)

*136. C. Guayaquilensis Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 189.

t. 31 B. f. 319. Pfr. Ic. N. 335. t. 42. f. 21. 22. -

Guayaquil.
*I37. C. psilomitus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

327. t. 41. f. 24. 25. -- Venezuela. (20.)

138. C. rufescens Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 110. t. 12. f.
16—18.

§• 11.

Depressi, peristomate tenui, recto. Oblique rugulosi
vel foveolati.

139. C. ponderosus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
242. t. 35. f. 12—14. -- Guatemala. (21.)

140. C. texturatus Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 182. t. 31

16

A. f. 303. Pfr. Ic. N. 243. t. 35. f. 10. It. — Gua-
temala.

*14I. C. Dysoni Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 244.
t. 35. f. 5. 6. - - Honduras. (22.)

§. 12

Depress!, peristomate tenui recto.
Simpliciler striati.

142. C. annulatus Trosch. Pfr. Ic. N. 175. t. 22. f.

17—19. t. 29. f. 14. 15. (Cycl discus Sow.) -

Ceylon.
|143. C. ravi;dus Ben;s. in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

— India.
M44. C. disculus Pfr. in Proc Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 294.

t. 39. f. 11—13.— Habitat? (23,)
fl45. C. Phaenotopicus Bens, in Ann. and Mag.

1851. VIII. — India.
146. C. disjunctus Moric., Pfr. Ic. N. 246. t. 35. I

1. 2. — Brasilia.

VI. Ijeptopoma Pfr.

Operculum circulare, membranaceum, arctispirum, planum.
Testa globosa-turbinata vel conicu, anguste umbili-
cata; peristoma simplex (rarius duplicatum), reflexum
(rarius rectum), marginibus distantibus, interdum
callo tenuissimo junctis.

§. 1.

Peristomate reflexo; carina nulla.

147. L. vitrcum Lesson, Pfr. Ic. N. 92. t. 12. f. 27—
29. t. 16. f. 10. t. 28. f. 16-18. (Cycl. lutea Quoy

17

et Gaim., Cycl nitidiim Sow.) — Nova Guinea, Nova

Hibernia, ins. Philippin , Java, India

- Var.? Cycl lutea Less. Coq. p. 345. t. 13. f. 5.
148. L. perlucidum Grat., Pf'r. Ic. N. 11. t. 2. f.

8— 10. t. 16. f. 8. (Cycl. concinnum Sow.') — Ins.

Philippin
*149. L. ignescens Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

339. t. 42. f. 11. 12. — Nova Hibernia. (24.)

150. L. melanostomum Petit, Pfr. Ic. N. 189. t. 25.
f. 12—15. Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pol Sud. Moll. t.
12. f. 20—24 - Nova Guinea.

151. L. luteostomuin Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 93. t. 12. f.
21—23. — Ins.

§. 2-
Peristomale reflexo; globoso-conica, leviter

carinata.

152. L. immaculatum Chemn., Pfr. Ic. N. 13. t. 3. f.
7. t. 4. f. 7. t. 7. f. 23. 24. t. 16. f. 9. (CycL
laeve Wood, C. marginellum Kust. ; C. maculata
Lea; C. maculosa Soul.; C. azaolartum Sow. Jay.)

- Ins. Philippin.

*153. L. latelimbatum Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
297. t. 40. f. 1. 2. - Ins. Philippin. (25.)

154. L. Massenae Less. (Voy. Coq. p. 346. t. 13. f. 7.
(Cycl. mullilabris Qaoy et Gaim., Pfr. Ic. t. 28. f.
20 — 22.) -- iMonstrosum: C. multilabris Lam., Pfr.
Ic. N. 195. t. 29. f. 4— 6. — Nova Guinea, Nova
Holiandia.

155. L. s eric a turn Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 300.
t. 40. f. 7. 8. II. 12. - •- Borneo. (26.)

156. L. Panayense Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 162. t. 20. f, 28.
29. — Ins. Panay et Samar.

157. L. perplexum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 136. t. 16. f. 11.
12. — Luzon.

2

18

§.3.

Peristomate expanse, globoso-conica, acute carinata.
158* L. acutimarginatum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 133. t.
15. f. 19-22. — Ins. Philippin.

159. L. helicoides Grat., Pfr. Ic. N. 134. t. 15. f.
25. 26. t. 16. f. 1—3. (Cycl Stainforthii Sow.) -
Ins. Philippin.

160. L. insigne Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 107. t. 12. f. 19. 20.

— Ins. Mindoro.

161. L. ciliatum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 171. t. 20. f. 26.
27. — Luzon.

|162. L. ciliferum Mouss. jav. Moll. p. 56. t. 7. f. 3.

— Java.

§. 4.
Peristomate reflexo; conica, carinata.

*163< L. undatum Metcalfe in Proc. Z. S. 1851. -
Borneo.

164. L. fibula Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 135. t. 15. f. 23. 24.
t. 16. f. 4. - Luzon.

165. L. goniostomum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 10. t. 2. f.
5—7. t. 16. f. 5. — Mindanao.

166. L. pileus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 9. t. 2. f. 3. 4. —
Luzon.

167. L. atricapillum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 12. t. 2. f. 11.
12. t. 16, f. 6. 7. — Mindoro.

*168. L. regulare Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 298.
t. 40. f. 3. 4. — Ins. Philippin. (27.)

169. L. acuminatum Sow,, Pfr. Ic. N. 104. t. 13. f,
11. 12. — Luzon.

170. L. elatum Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 226
a. t. 32. f. 16. 17. — Ceylon. (28.)

§. 5.

Peristomate recto.
*171. L. tenebricosum A. Adams et Reeve Voy.

19

Samarang. Moll. p. 57. t. 14. f. 6. Pfr. Ic. N. 232.
t. 33. f. 12. 13. -- Borneo.

172. L. Birmanum Pfr. Ic. N. 385. t. 47. f. 4—7. —
Burmah. (29.)

173. L. halophilum Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 2 d.
ser. \71I. p. 265. Pfr. Ic. N. 220. t. 31. f. 29—31. —
Ceylon.

?174. L. minutissimum Sow. Thes. N. 33. t. 30. f.
251. — Ins. Pitcairn.

VII. Alyeaeus Gray.

Operculum circulare, subtestaceum, obsolete multispirum.
Testa conica vel depressa, spira regulari, anfractu
ultimo distorto, compresso, pone aperturam valde
contracto, strangulato: peristoma regulariter reflexum.
(Gray Cat. Cycl. p. 27.)

175. A. gibbus Fer., Pfr. Ic. N. 102. t. 17. f. 4—6.
— Cochinchina.

176. A. strangulatus Hutt., Pfr. Ic. N. 103. t. 17. f.
7. 8. t. 38. f. 35. — India.

f 177. A. cons;trictus Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851.
VIII. — Sikkim-Himalayah.

VIII* Diplommatiiia Benson, Gray*

Operculum subtestaceum, tenue, anfractibus paucis, extus
lamella tenui, prominente marginatis. Testa yix ri-
mata, tenuis, subovata; apertura subcircularis; pe-
ristoma interruptum, expansum. (Gray Cat. Cycloph.
p. 54.)

•178. D. minor Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 101. t. 17. f. 9—11.

— Ins. Philippin.

179. D. f o 1 li c u 1 u s Pfr. (Bulimus folliculus Pfr., Reeve
Conch, ic. N. 644. t. 87; Carychium costatum Hutt.)

— India.

2*

20

180. D. costulata Hut I., Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1849.
Sept. p. 194. — India.

181. D. Huttoni Pf'r. in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851. — India.

IX. .IflegaloiuaMtoma Guild ing.

Operculum subcirculare, tenue, corneum, arctispirum, pla-
niusculurn. Testa anguste vel vix perforata. oblongo-
turrita vel pupaeformis; apertura subcircularis, inter-
dum canali levi lateral! instructa ; peristoma vel
duplicatum, expansum, vel incrassalum, rarius rectum,
simpliciter incrassatum. ( Megalomastoma et Farci-
men Gray.}

§. i.

Perislomate recto.

182. M. cylind race urn Chemn., Pfr. Ic. N. 116. t.
17. f. 1 — 3. (Cycl. flavula Lam.; C. flavium Gray ;
C. crocea Desk.) — Porto rico,

§.2.
Pcristomate expanse, incrassalo.

*183. M. croceum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 177. t. 24. f. 15.

16. Cycl Gooldianum Petit.} — Ins. Mauritii. (Bens.
*184. M. hi fascia turn Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 198. t.

31 B. f. 322. 323. Pfr. Ic. N. 252. t. 36. f. 3. 4. —

Guayaquil.
*185. M. tortum Wood, Pfr. Ic. N. 115. t. 17. f. 22.

23. -- Cuba.

186. M. hituberculatum Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 192.
t. 31 A. f. 290. 291. Pf'r. Ic. N. 253. 1. 36. f. 5. 6.
— India Occident.

187. M. auricula! urn Orb., Pfr. Ic. N. 113. t, 17. f.
12—17. (Cycl. bicolor Gould, C. idolum Per.) -
Cuba.

188. M. ventricosum Orb., Pfr. Ic. N. 112. t. 17. f.
20. 21.? ~ Cuba.

189. 31. alutnceuin.Menke, Ffr. Ic. N. 114. t. 17. f.
18. 19. — Cuba.

190. 31. Orbignyi Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1850. Ic. N. 262. t.
37. f. 3—6. -1 Haiti.f 7/ )

•191. 31. chrysallis Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 217. t-
31. f. 23/24. -- Arva.}*

§• 3.
Peristomatc expanse, subtenui, plerumque duplicate.

192. M simulacrum Mo re let test, noviss. p. 22. Pfr-
Ic. N. 256. t. 36. f. 11. 12. (Cycl. Copanense Sow.
Thes. "Suppl. N. 194. t. 31 B. I 310. 311.) — Gua-
temala.

193. 31. Guatemalense Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
257. t. 36. f. 13. 14. — Guatemala. (30.)

194. 31. a hum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 131. t. 25. f. 12—14.
— Ins. Philippin.

*195. 31 sectilabrum Gould, Pfr. Ic. N. 178. t. 24.

f. 17. 18. t. 47. f. 11. 12. -- Burmah.
*196. 31. fun icu la turn Bens. Journ. As. Soc. VII. p.

217. Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 195. t. 31 B. f. 316. 317.

Pfr. Ic. N. 219. t. 31. f. 27. 28. — Sikkim Himalaya.
M97. 31. Guildingianum Pfr. in Zeitschr. f. 31. 1851.

p. 28. Ic. N. 218. t. 31. f. 25. 26. — Habitat,
f 198. 31. pauperculum Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 196. t.

31 B. f. 318. — Sikkim Himalaya.
199. 31. Antillarum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 132. t. 15. f. 15.

16. (Megalomastoma brunnea et suspensum Guild.

et Swains.?) — Ins. Tortola et St. Vincentii.

X. Cataulus Pfr.

Operculum . .? Testa perforata, pupaeformis, non callosa

22

basi carina filiformi eincta; apertura Integra, basi ca-

nali subcirculari prolongata; peristoma continuum,

basi in carinam anfractus ultirni dilatatum. (Mega-

lomastoma pars Gray.)
*200. C. tortuosus Chemn., Pfr. Ic. N. 179. t. 24. f.

19. 20. — Nicobar.
*201. C. Temple mani Pfr. (Pupina Templemani Pfr.

in Proc. Z. S. 1851. I^rft. 31. f. 15. 16.) — Ceylon.
* 202. C. L a y a r d i G r a y. (megalomastoma Layardi Gray

in Mus. Brit.; Pfr. Ic. t. 31. f. 17. 18.) — Ceylon.

XI. Pupinella &ray.

Operculum corneum, arctispirum. Testa ovata, epider-
mide tenui, cornea induta ; apertura circularis; peri-
stoma reflexum, latere sinislro prope basin canalicu-
latum. (Gray Catal. Cycloph. p. 33.)

203. P. pu pin if or mis Sow. (CycL pupiniforme Sow.,
Pupina Sowerbyi Pfr. Ic. p. 200. t. 27. f. 7. 8.) —
Luzon.

VII. Pupina Vignard, Gray.

Operculum tenue, membranaceum, arctispirum, subplanum.
Testa pupaeformis, plerumque callo nitido obducta;
peristoma simplex, incrassatum vel reflexum, margine
columellari medio canali transverse dissecto, canali
altero ad insertionem marginis dextri.

§. 1.

Callo nitido destitutae.

204. P. Forbes! Pfr. Ic. t. 31. f. 19. 20. (Pupina gran,
dis Forb. in Proc. -Z. S. 1851. nee Gray.) — Archip.
Louisiadarum.

23

205. P. humilisJacq. Ann. sc. nat. 1821. Pfr. Ic. p.
204. t. 27. f. 15. 16. Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pol Sud-
Moll. t. 10. f. 21—24. (Pupina antiquata Sow.) —
Nova Guinea.

206. P. Mindorensis A. Ad. et Reeve Voy. Samarang.
Moll. p. 57. t. 14. f. 2. Pfr. Ic. t. 31. f. 21. 22.

— Mindoro.

§9
. ^.

Callo nitido undique obductae.

207. P. bilinguis Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1850. p. 97. -
Australia orientalis.

208. P. aurea Hinds, Pfr. Ic. p. 205. t. 27. f. 21. 22.

— Nova Hibernia.

209. P. bicanaliculata Sow., Pfr. Ic. p. 204. t. 27. f.
19. 20. Ins. Philippin.

210. P. Keraudrenii Vign., Pfr. Ic. p. 206. t. 27. f
23. 24. (Pupina mitis Hinds.) — Nova Guinea, Nova
Hibernia, ins. Salomonis.

Registoma Hasselt, Gray.

Operculum circulare, tenue, corneum, arctispirum. Testa
ovata, polita, callosa; apertura circularis, subintegra;
peristoraa subreflexum, margine parietal! tenui, sim-
plice, columellari medio dissecto, canaliculate. —
Synon. Moulinsia Grat.

211. R. grande Gray. (Pupina grandis Gray in Ann.
nat. hist. 1840. VI. p. 77; Moulinsia Nunezii Grat;
Pupina Nunezii Sow., Pfr. Ic. p. 201. t. 27. f. 1—6.)
— Ins. Philippin.

212. R. pellucidum Sow. (Pupina Pfr. Ic. p. 202. t.
27. f. 17. 18.) — Ins. Philippin.

213. R. simile Sow. (Pupina Pfr. Ic. p. 202. t. 27. f.
13. 14.) — Luzon.

24

214. R. fuscum Gray. (Pupina fusca Gray in Ann.
naf. hist. VI. p, 77; Pupina vitrea Sow., Pfr. Ic. p.
203. f. 27. f. 9—12.) — Luzon, Mindanao.

215. R. exiguum Sow. Pupina. Pfr. Ic. p. 204. t. 30.
f. 38.) — Ins. Zebu.

XIV. Callia ft ray.

Operculum tenue, membranaceum, arctispirum. Testa pupae-
formis, callo nitido obducta; peristoma subcontinuum
rectum, vix incrassatum , margine columellari integro
superne appresse reflexo, perforationem juniorum
omnino claudente.

216. C. lubrica Sow., Pfr. Ic. p. 207. t. 27. f. 25-33.
(Pupina lubrica Sow.) — Ins. Philippin.

Jamaicia Adams

Operculum testaceum, extus convexum, anfractibus paucis
rudiusculis, oblique striatis, sublamellosis. Testa
umbilicata, globoso-conica; apertura circularise peri-
stoma simplex, rectum vel reflexum. (Adams Contrib.
to Conch. N. 6. p. 88.)

217. J. a no mala Ad. Contrib. N. 6. p. 90. Pfr. Ic. N.
382. t. 46. f. 4—6. — Jamaica.

218. J. Moussoniana Ad. Contrib. N. 9. p. 153. Pfr.
Ic. N. 381. t. 46. f. 1—3. — Jamaica.

XVI. Liciua Gray.

Operculum . . . ? Testa conica, ultimo anfractu extra lineam
spiralem producto, stricto; apertura oblonga vel sub-
circularis; peristoma subreflexum, expansum. Gray

25

Catal. Cycloph. p. 61.) An forte cum genere sequente

jungendum ?
*219 L. labeo Mull. Sow. Thes. N. 154. t. 28. f. 165. Pfr

Ic. t. 4. f. 1. 2. t. 42. f. 3. -- Jamaica.
*220. L. Borni Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 329. t.

42. f. 1. 2. Turbo lincina Born test. p. 355. t. 13. f.

5. 6.) -- Jamaica. (31.)
"221. L. evoluta Reeve Conch, syst. II. t. 185. f. 18.

Pfr. Ic. N. 330. t. 9. f. 20. t. 42. f. 4. (Cycl sub-

asperum Sow. Thes. N. 143. t. 28. f. 159.) — Jamaica?
'222. L. Reeveana Pfr. Ic. N. 341. t. 43. f. 4. 5. (Cycl.

decussatum Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 193. t. 31 A. f. 300.

301. Nee Lam) — India occid.

XVII. Coaiiopoma Pfr.

^

Operculum testaceum, suhcirculare, anfractibus sensini ac-
crescenlibus, margine externo libero, acuto, saepe in
lamellam altam elevato, nucleo subexcentrico. Testa
globoso-turbinata vel turrita, saepe truncata, raro de-
pressa; apertura subovalis vel circularis; peristoma
plerumque duplex, limbo externo angulatim patente.

§. 1.
Oblonga vel ovato-conica.

223. Ch. majusculum Morelet, Pfr. Ic. N 251. t. 36.
f. I. 2. — Cuba. (32.)

224. Ch. decussatum Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 197. t. 29. f.
10—13. t. 38. f. 38. 39. — Portorico.

225. Ch. granosum Adams Contrib. N. 6. p. 93. Ic.
N. 373. t. 46. f. 10—12. Cycl. nodulosum Ad. ibid,
p. 91.) — Jamaica.

f226. Ch. pudicum Orb., Sow. Thes. t. 31. f. 282? Pfr.
Ic. N. 194. t. 28. f. 19? — Cuba.

26

227. Ch. pi sum Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 9. Pfr. Ic N.
372. t. 46. f. 7—9. - Jamaica.

§. 2.
Globoso-conica, margine peristomafis undulato.

228. Ch. pulchrum Wood, Pfr. Ic. N. 69. t. 10. f. 1.
2. — Jamaica.

229. Ch. Lincina Linn., Pfr. Ic. N. 34. t. 6. f. 1.2. —
Jamaica.

230. Ch. fimbriatulum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 70. t. 10. f.
3 — 5. — Jamaica.

231. Ch. Chittyi Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 1. N. 6. p.
89. Pfr. Ic. N. 374. t. 46. f. 13. 14. -- Jamaica.

232. Ch. scabriculum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 375. t. 46. f.
15. 16. (Cycl. amabile Ad. Contrib. N. 1. p. 2.)
Jamaica. .

233. Ch. Hillianum Adams Proc. Bost. Soc. 1845. p.
11. (C. scabriculum Pfr. !c. N. 71. t. 10. f. 6— 8.) — -
Jamaica. — Varietates : Cycl. amandum Ad. Contrib.
N. 1. p. 3 et C. aculeosum Ad. ibid. p. 2.

*234. Ch. spinulosum Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 1. -

Jamaica.
*235. Ch. mite Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 332. t. 42.

f. 7. 8. — Jamaica. (33.)
*236. Ch. Pretrei Orb., Pfr. Ic. N. 166. t. 21. f.9-12.

— Cuba.

§. 3.

Globoeo-conica , margine peristomatis piano.
*237. Ch. interruptum Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 58. t. 9. f.

1. 2. (Cycl. ambigua Deless., Reeve.) — Jamaica.

238. Ch. lima Adams, Pfr. Ic. N. 35. t 6. f. 3 — 6.
Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 197. t. 31 B. f. 324. 325. -
Var. Cycl Blandianum Ad. Contrib. N. 1. p. 3. —
Jamaica.

239. Ch. lincinellum Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 164. t. 21. f.

27

3—5. (Cycl lincina Enc. melh. t. 461. f. V. Cycl.
compressum Wood, Gray.) — Jamaica? Haiti.

§•4.

Depressa.
*240. Ch. a 1 at urn Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 326. t. 41.

f. 35—37. - - S. Yago de Cuba. (34.)
*241. Ch. solutum Rich, (mss.?) Pfr. Ic. N. 293. t. 39.

f. 8—10. — Haiti. (35.)

242. Ch. ten tori urn Pfr. Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1850. p. 77.
Ic. N. 279. t. 38. f. 16—18. ~ Haiti.

Adainsiella Pfr.

Operculum circulare, tenue, subcartilagineum , anfractibus
paucis sensim accrescentibus, margine anfractuum sub-
libero, nucleo centrali. Testa pupaeformis vel ob-
longo-turrita; apertura parvula, subcircularisj peri-
stoma plerumque duplicatum, raagis minusve expan-
sum vel reflexum.

§. 1.

Pupaeformes^anfractu ultimo antice non soluto, sutura

simplice.

243. A. mirabilis Wood, Pfp. Ic. N. 127. t. 14. f. 17—
19. (Cycl. decussatulum Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 4.)
— Jamaica.

*244. A. miranda Adams Conlrib. to Conch. N. 1. p.
4. Pfr. Ic. N. 343. t. 43. f. 8. 9. (Cycl. mirabile Sow
Thes. t. 28. f. 164?) — Jamaica.

245. A. pulchrior Adams. (Cycl. Binneyanum Ad., Pfr.
Ic. N. 128. t. 14. f. 12—14.) -- Jamaica.

§. 2.

Pupaeformes; anfractu ultimo antice non soluto, sutura

crenata.

246. A. variabilis Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 3. Pfr. Ic.

28

N. 27(5. t. 38. f. 7. 8. CycL articulatum Sow. nee
Gray; CycL mutatum Adams Contr. N. 9. p. 154.)
— Jamaica.

247. A. Grayana Pfr. 1846. Ic. N. 42. t. 6. f. 15. 16.
Adams Catal. 1847. (CycL obscurum Gray , Sow.
Nee Drap.) Varietates: CycL concentricum et serrife-
rum Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 4. — Jamaica.

§.3.

Pupaeforrnes, anfractu ultimo antice soluto.
*248. A. moribund a Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 5. Pfr.

Ic.' N. 342, t. 43. f. 6. 7. — Jamaica.
*249. A. intermedia Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 5. —
Jamaica.

250. A. monstrosa Adams Contrib. N. 1. p. 5. Pfr.
Ic. N. 259. t. 36. f. 17. 18.

§.4.
Oblongo-turritae.

251. A. xanthostomaSow., Pfr. Ic. N. 118. 1. 14. f. 6— 8.
(CycL tenuistriatum Ad. Contrib. p. 8.) — Jamaica.

*252. A. pinguis Pfr. Proc. Z, S. 1851. Ic. N. 32J. t.
41. f. 20. 21. (86.)

253. A. ignilabris Adams Contrib. p. 9. Pfr. Ic. N.
281. t. 38. f. 23. 24. — Jamaica.

254. A. chlorostoma Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 117. t. 14. f.
1 — 3. (CycL sericeum Fe'r. Mus.) — Demerara.

XIX. Litliidiou Cray.

Operculum subcirculare , testaceum, anfractibus subrapide
accrescentibus, carina valida, convexa, subcentralf
munitis? marginibus simplicibus. Testa depressa, late
et aperte umbilicata ; apertura circularis; peristoma
simplex. (Gray Catal. Cycloph. p. 35.)

29

255. L. sulcatum Gray. (CycL lithidion Sow., Pfr. Ic.

N. 160. t. 20. f. 20—22. -- Arabia.
•256. L. desciscens Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 250.

t. 35. f. 25. 26. — Socotora. (37.)
257. L, Souleyetianum Petit Journ. Conch. 1850.

I. p. 52. t. 3. f. 6. Pfr. Ic. N. 249. t. 35. f. 23. 24.

(Cycl. paradoxum Pfr. 1850.) — Abdel Goury prope

Socotorain.
*258. L. depress urn Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 185. t. 31

B. f. 306. 307. Pfr. Ic. N. 24/. t. 35. f. 17—19. —

Habitat?
*259. L. niveum Petit Journ. Conch. 1850. 1. p. 52. t.

3. f. 7. Pfr. Ic. N. 248. t. 35. f. 20—22. — Mada-
gascar.

XV. Ot optima Gray.

Operculum testaceum, solidum, anfractibus paucis, centro
convexis, margine simplice. Testa conico-subglobosa
vel depressa- apertura subovalis; peristoraa rectum
vel reflexiusculum, margine columellari plerumque
dilatato, umbilici partem majorem vel minorem obte-
gente. (Gray Cat. Cycl. p. 35.)

§• I-
Umbilico prorsus clauso.

260. O. clausum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 157. t. 20. f. 13— 15.
t. 42. f. 13—15. - - Yemen.

§.2.
Umbilico aperto, peristomaiis margine dextro expanso.

*261. 0. auric ulare Gray in Griff, an kingd. t. 28.
f. 5. Cycl. candidum Son., Pfr. Ic N. 187. (. 25. f.
(J. Cyclophora auricularis Swains.) — Habilat?

30

*262. O. albicans Sow, Pfr. Ic. N. 83. t. 11. f. 13.14,

— Ins. Hainan Chinae.

263. O. naticoides Reel., Pfr. Ic N. 28. t. 5. f. 1—4.
(Turbo foliaceus Chemn.? Otopoma foliaceum Gray.}

— Socotora.

264. O. Guillaini Petit in Journ. Conch. 1850. I. p.
51. t. 4. f. 3. Pfr. Ic. N. 234. t. 34. f. 7. 8. — Mo-
gadoxa.

f265. 0. unifasciatum Sow,, Pfr. Ic. N. 188. t. 25. f.
4. 5. — An zz: C. Listen ? ex Gray.

§.3.

Umbilico aperto, peristomatis margine dextro reclo.
*266. O. Philippianum Pfr. Ic. N. 356. t. 44. f. 23. 24.

(Cycl ligatum Sow. Thes. N. 21. t. 23. f. 24. Nee

Mull.) -- Habitat? (38.)
267. 0. clathratulum Recluz, Pfr. Ic. N. 29. t. 5. f.

5—7. — Socotora.
*268. 0. vitellinum Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

353. t. 43. f. 35. 36. -- Madagascar, (39.)

269. O. Listeri Gray, Pfr. Ic. N. 95. t. 12. f. 30. 31.
(Cycl fimbriata Quoy, Deless. ; Cycl Philippi Grat.}

— Ins. Mauritii.

270. 0. haemastomum Anton, Pfr. Ic. N. 16. t. 3.
f. 3. 4. — Isle de France.

*271. 0. politum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 167. t. 21. f. 13.

14. — Elabitat?
|272. 0. spurcum Grat. Act. Bord. XI. p. 444, t. 3.

f. 18. -- Bombay?

273. 0. pygmaeum Sow. Thes. N. 39. t. 30. f. 253.

— Nova Hibernia,

§. 4.
Umbilico subclauso, peristomatis margine dextro flexuoso,

274. O. multilineatum Jay Cat. 1839. t. 7. f. 12. 13.

31

(Cycl flexilabrum Son., Pfr. Ic. N.87. t. 11. f.7. 8;
C. flavilabre Petit Journ. Conch. 1850. I. p. 42; Tro-
pidophora flexilabrum Gray Catal. Cycl. p. 41.) —

Madagascar.

Cyelostomus Xfontfort.

Operculum subovale, testaceum, planum, anfract. 4 — 5 sen-
sim crescentibus, margine simplice, nucleo subexcen-
trico. Testa 4ePressa» globoso-turbinata vel ovato-
turrita- apertura ovalis; peristoma simplex, rectum,
vel expansum, interdum duplicatum. (Cyclostomus et
Tropidophora Gray.}

§• 1-
Carinati depress!.

275. C. Cuvierianus Petit, Pfr. Ic. N. 1. t. 1. £

1 — 4. — Madagascar.
*276. C. formosus Sow. Proc. Z. S.1849. p. 15. Moll. t.

2. f. 8. 9. Pfr. Ic. N. 221. t. 32. f. 1. — Mada-
gascar.
277. C. cariniferus Sow , Pfr. Ic. N. 152. t. 19. f.

13—15. - - Var.: C. spectabile Petit in Journ. Conch.

I. p. 49. t. 8. f. 2. Madagascar.
*278. C. articulatus Gray in Griff, t. 28. f. 1. (Cycl

filosum Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 144. t. 18. f. 12. 13. Cycl.

Terveriana Grat.} — Ins. Rodriguez prope ins.

Mauritii.
*279. C. Deshayesianus Petit, Pfr. Ic. N. 192. t.

25. f. 8—10. Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 19K t. 31 B. f.

326. 327. — Madagascar.
f280. C. Abeillei Grat. Bord. XI. p. 437. t. 3. f. 6.

— Madagascar.

32

*281. C. modestus Petit Journ. Conch I. p. 50. t. 4.
f. 2. Pfr. Ic. N. 333. t. 42. f. 16—18. -- Abd-el-
Goury.

*282. C. liratus Pfr. Proc, Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 340. t.
42. f. 9. 10. — Hab.? (40.)

§• 2-

Carinati turbinato-conici. Bi-vel multicarinati.

*283. C. campanulatus Pfr. Ic. N. 141. t. 18. f.

6. — Hab.?

284. C. bicarinatus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 147. t. 19, f.
1 —3. — Madagascar.

285. C. pulchellus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 142. t. 18. f.

7. 8. Adult. (CycL Hanleyi Pfr. Ic. N. 143. t. 18. f.
9—11. —Hab.?

286. C. zonulatus Per., Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 180. t,
31 A. f. 296. 297. Pfr. Ic. N. 238. t. 34. f. 17. 18.
- Hab.?

*287. C. tricarinatus Mull., Pfr. Ic. t. 4. f. 10. 17.

Madagascar.

*288. C. car inatus Born. (CycL tricarinatum Sow.

Thes. N. 86. t. 26. f. 122. Pfr. Ic. t. 3. f. 8.) —

Hab.?
*289. C. unicolor Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 185U Ic. N. 289.

t. 39. f. 5-7. — Hab.? (41.)

290. C. deliciosus Fer., Sow. Thes. Suppl. N. 186. t.
31 B. f. 314. 315. Pfr. Ic. N. 239. t. 34. f. 19. 20.
— Madagascar.

291. C. Michaudi Grat. Pfr. Ic. N. 145. t. 18. f. 14-
16. (CycL carinatum Sow. Thes. t. 26. f. 117. -
Otopoma Gray.) — Madagascar.

33

292. C. Rare I ay anus Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

222. t. 32. f. 3. 4. (Cyd. carinatum Sow. Thes. t.

26. f. 118.) — Isle de France. (42.)
«293. C. calcareua Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 84. 1. 11. f. 11. 12.

(Cyd. sulcatum Lam.) — Flak?
*294. C. rugosus Lam., Pfr. Ic. t. 21. f. 15. 16. (Cyd.

cinctum Sow., Pfr. Ic, N. 149. t. 19. f. 6. 7.) —

India orient.

295. C. Creplini Dunk, in Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1848. p.
177. Pfr. Ic. N. 278. t. 38. f. 13-15. — Zanzibar.

296. C. pulcher Gray in Griff, t. 28. f. 3. (Cyd. or-
tyx Val, Pfr. Ic. N. 137. t. 16. f. 13. 14. — C. mul-
ticarmata Jay. — C. Arthurii Grat.) — Ins. Seychell.

*297. C. Kraussianus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic.
N. 347. t. 43. f. 17. 18. -- Natal. (43.)

298. C. castaneus Pfr. in Proc. Z. S.1851. Ic N. 337.
t. 42. f. 25. 26. — Madagascar. (44.)

299. C. f use u I us Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 336. t.
42. f. 23. 24. — Hak? (45.)

f300. C. trochlea Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.
— Nilgherries.

§.3.
Unicarinati turbinato-conici.

301. C. Mad aga s can' en sis Gray in Griff, t. 28. f. 4.
Sow. Thes. t. 27. f. 125. Suppl. N. 177. t. 31 A. f.
289. Pfr. Ic. N. 2S7. t. 39. f. 1. 2. (Cyd. Duisabonis
Grat) — Madagascar.

302. C. unicarinatus Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 191. t. 25. f. 7.
(Cyd. fulvifrons Sow. Reeve.) — Madagascar.

§.4.

Ecarinati globoso-lurbinati.
Peristomate late reflexo.

*303. C. enchilua Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N 288. t.
39. f. 3. 4. - - Madagascar. 79

34

|304. C. multifasciatus Grat. Act. Bord. XT. p. 436. t.

3. f. 3. — Madagascar.
305. C. zonal us Petit Journ Conch. I. p. 50. t. 4. f.

7. Pfr. Ic N. 291. t. 39. f. 22. 23. -- Madagascar.
*306. C. obsoletus Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 23. t. 5. f. 8. 9.

— Madagascar.
*307. C. citrinus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 170. t. 21. f. 22.-

Var. : Cycl. rugosum Sow. (Cycl. semidecussatum Pfr.

Ic. N. 168. t. 21. f. 17—19.) — Trinidad.

308. C. xanthochilus S o w. • (Cycl. xanlhocheilus Sow.
Thes. Suppl. N. 179. t. 31 A. f. 294. 295. Pfr. Ic.
N. 233. t 34. f. 5. 6.) — Madagascar.

309. C. Sowerbyi Pfr. Ic. N. 151. t. 19. f. 10—12.
(Cycl. megacheilus Sow.) — Hab.?

§.5.

Ecarinati globoso-turbinati.
Peristomate anguste reflexo.

*310. C. ap lust re Sow. Proc. Z. S. 1849. p. 15. Moll,
t. 2. f. 4. 5. Pfr. Ic. N. 230. t. 33 f. 5—7. — Ma-
dagascar.

*311. C. asper Pot. et Mich., Pfr. Ic. N. 86. t. 11. f.
3. 4. (Cycl. Harveyanum Sow.) — Madagascar.

*312. C. pyrostomus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 171. t. 21. f.
23. t. 34. f. 1—4. (Cycl haemastoma Grat.) -- Ma-
dagascar, Mayotte.

*313. C. fulvescens Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 30. t. 5. f. 10.
11. — Madagascar

*314. C. insularis Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 368. t.
45. f. 5. 6. — Isle de France. (46.)

315. C. reticulatus Ad. et Reeve Voy. Samarang.
Moll, p, 57. t. 14. f. 8. Pfr. Ic. N. 237. t. 34. f.
13 — 16. — Madagascar.

*316. C. Goudotianus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 106. t. 13. f.
8-10. — Natal.

.

35

317. C. virgatus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 105. t. 13. f. 1—7.

Var. : Cycl. consocium Fer. — Madagascar.
*318. C. Carolinensis Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic.

N. 344. t. 43. f. 10. 11. — Ins. Carolin. (47.)
f319. C. tenuis Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 190. t. 25. f. 11. —

Africa.
*320. C. cincinnus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 140. t. 18. f.

1—3. (Cycl. modestum Fer.) — Hah.?
f321. C. ligatulus Grat. Act. Bord. XL p. 445. t. 3-

f. 20. — Madagascar.
322. C. Zanguebaricus Petit in Journ. Conch. I. p.

53. t. 3. f. 5. Pfr. Ic. N. 292. t. 39. f. 24. 25. —

Zanzibar.
*323. C. subliratusPfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 348 t.

43. f. 37. 38. — Hab.? (48.)
324. C. Novae Hiberniae Quoy, Pfr. Ic. N. 199. t-

30. f. 36. 37. - - Var. ? Cycl. vitreum Sow. Thes.

N. 124. t. 30. f. 252. Pfr. Ic. N. 172. t. 21. f. 24—

26. - Nova Hibernia.
|325. C. filocinctus Bens, in Ann. and Mag. 1851.

VIII. - Nilgherries.

§• 6.
Ecarinati globoso-turbinati.

Peristomate recto.

326. C. ligatus Mull., Pfr. Ic. N. 24. t. 4. f. 12. 13. t.
8. f. 3. 4. Var.: Cycl. affine Sow. Pfr. Ic. N. 57. t.
8. f. 17. 18. — Africa merid.
*327. C. lineatus Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 367. t.

45. f. 3. 4. — Hab.? (49.)
*328. C. fimbriatus Lam. (Cycl. undulatum Sow., Pfr.

Ic. N. 94. t, 12. f. 24—26.) — Ins. Mauritii.
329. C. glaucus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 67. t. 9. f. 3—5.
(Cycl. striatum Merike; C. breviale Gray.} — Alexan-
drette.

3*

36

3?0. C. costulatus Ziegl., Pfr.Ic.N.66. t. 9. f. 6 8
(Cycl. sulcatum Sow.} — Var.: C. Olivieri Sorv. Pfr-
Ic. N. 169. t. 21. f. 20. 21. (C. syriacum Ziegl. ; C.
orientate Rossm.) — Banatus, Rossia, Syria.

Ovato-turriti, peristomate recto.

331. C. su I cat us Or a p., Pfr. Ic4 N. 63. t. 9. f. 24— 26.
(Cycl. af finis Risso; Cycl. poly sulcatum Pot. $ Mich.? ;
C. siculum Sow.) Varr.: C. coloratum Ziegl. (auran-
tium Ant.}; C. phaleratum Ziegl.; C. reticulatum
Ziegl. ; C. Meliteme Sow, Pfr. Ic. N. 139. t. 13. f
24. 25; C. multisulcatum Pot. et Mich., Pfr. Ic. N.
64. t. 9 f. 21-23. (Cycl tenellum Sow.) -- Europa
merid. et Algeria.

332. C. elegans Mull., Pfr. Ic. N. 68. t. 9. f. 30— 34. t
28. f. 23. — Var.: C. marmoreum Brown. — Eu-
ropa, Algeria, ins. Canar.

333. C. fascicularis Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
307. t. 40. f. 23. 24. — Hab.? (50.)

334. C. laevigatus Webb & Berth., Pfr. Ic. N.
100. t. 13. f. 13. 14. 22. 23. (Cycl Canariense Orb.)

- Teneriffa.

335. C. tectilabris Adams Contrib. to Conch, p. 10.
Pfr. Ic. N. 354. t. 44. f. 25-27. -- Jamaica.

*336. C. saccatus Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 352. t

43. f. 33. 34. — Hab.? (51.)
*337. C. dissectus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 163. t. 21. f.

1. 2. - Hab.?
*338. C. solidus Menke, Pfr. Ic. N. 119. t. 14. f.

4. 5. — Hab.?
*339. C. gratus Petit Journ. Conch. I. p. 53. t. 3. f.

10. Pfr. Ic. N. 236. t. 34. f. 11. 12. (Cycl tricolor

Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1849. p 128.) - Ins. Abd-el-Goury.

.

37

§-8.

Ovato-turriti, peristomate expanse.
Laevigati.

340. C. Humphreyanus Pfr. Ic. N. 74, t. 10. f. 9— 11.
(Cycl. pictum Sow.) — Jamaica.

341. C. albus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 44. t. 6. f. 17-19. -
Jamaica.

f 342. C. Chevalier! Adams Contrib. to Conch. N. 9.
p. 155. — Jamaica.

§.9.

Ovato-turriti, peristomate expanse.
Longitudinaliter plicati.

343. C. thysanorhaphe Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 75. t. 10. f.
16—18. — Jamaica.

344. C. Redfieldianus Adams Contrib. p. 10. Pfr.
Ic. N. 263. 1. 37. f. 7. 8. — Jamaica.

345. C. JayanusAdams Contr. p. 50. Pfr. Ic. N. 310. t. 40.
f. 32. 33. (Cycl. solidum Adams Contrib. p. 7; C.
histrio Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851.) — Jamaica.

346. C. Banksianus Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 165. t. 21. f.
7. 8. t. 44. f. 17. 18. (Cycl. hyacinthimim Adams
Contrib. p. 9.) — Var.? C. Yallahense Adams Contrib.
N. 9. p. 156. — Jamaica.

347. C. Bronni Adams, Pfr. Ic. N. 43. t. 6. f. 24—26.
(C.papillare Fer.) -- Var.: C. fuscolineatum Ad. —
Jamaica.

-j-348. C. lamellosus Adams Contrib. N. 8. p. 138.—
Jamaica.

349. C. ruguiosus Pfr. Ic. N. 120. t. 14. f. 9—11. t.
38. f. 11. 12. (Cycl clathratum Gould.) — Cuba.

350. C. Wilkinsonii Adams Contrib. p. 6. Pfr. Ic.
N. 376. t. 46. f. 17-19. - Var: Cycl. modestum
Ad. Contrib. p. 6. — Jamaica.

§. 10.
Ovato-turriti, peristomate expanse.

Decussati.

350 a. C. Rangelinus Poey Mernorias hist. nat. Cuba. I.
— Cuba.

351. C. retrorsus Adams Contrib. N. 6. p. 91. Pfr.
Ic. N. 258. t. 36. f. 15. 16. — Jamaica.

352. C. salebrosus Morelet test, noviss. p, 23. Pfr.
Ic. N. 260. t. 36. f. 19-21. — Cuba.

*353. C. sulculosus Per., Pfr. Ic. N. 318. t. 41. f. 15.

17. 22. 23. (Cycl suturale Per.) — Guadeloupe.
354. C. Dominicensis Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1850. p. 79.

Ic. N. 277. t. 38. f. 9. 10. — Haiti.

Tucloru Gray.

Operculum ovale, testaceum, planum, anfractibus 2—3,
rapide crescentibus, oblique arcuato-striatis vel sul-
catis, nucleo valde excentrico, margini sinistro et in-
fero peristomatis approximato. Testa ovato-oblonga
vel turrita ; apertura angulato-ovalis ; peristoma ex-
pansum, simplex vel duplicatum. (Gray Catal. Cycloph.
p. 48.)

$. 1.

Peristomate simplice.
355. T. megachila Pot. & Mich. (Cycl meg.Pfr.\c.

N. 62. t. 9. f. 15—19; Cycl simile Gray, Sow.; C.

roridum Parr.; Tudor a similis Gray.) — Var.: C.

cancellatum Merikc. — Ins. Curacao.
*356. T. costata Menke, Pfr. Ic. N. 59. t. 9. f. 9. 10.

— Habitat?
*357. T. versicolor Pfr. Ic. N. 60. t. 9. f. 13. 14.

(Cycl aurantium Gray; C. aurantiacum Sow.) —

39

Var.: Cycl. carneum Menke, Pfr. lc. N. 61. t. 9. f.
11. 12. — Habitat?

358. T. ferruginea Lam., Pfr. lc. N. 65. t. 9. f. 27-
29. (Cycl. productum Turt.; C. fulvum Gray.) -
Europa merid. & Algeria.

359. T. fecunda Adams Contrib. p. 11. Pfr. lc. N.
377. t. 46. f. 20—23. -- Jamaica.

360. T. armata Adams Contrib. p. 10. Pfr. lc. N. 378.
t. 46. f. 24—26. - Jamaica.

361. T. mutica Adams Contrib. p. II. -- Jamaica.
*362. T. maritima Adams Proc. Bost. Sec. 1848. p.

102. Pfr. lc. N. 275. t. 38. f. 5. 6. (Cycl. Petrarum
Rang.) — Var.: C. Aurora Adams Contrib. p. II.
Pfr. lc. t. 46. f. 38. -- Jamaica.

f363. T.? Tappaniana Adams Contrib. p. 157. —
Jamaica.

'364. T. quaternata Lam., Pfr. lc. N. 76. t. 10. f. 12.

13. — Africa?

365. T. pupaeformis Sow., Pfr. lc. N. 124. t. 14. f.

15. 16. — Haiti?

§.2.

Peristomate subduplicato.

366. T.? columna Wood, Pfr. lc. N. 39. t. 6. f. 13.

14. t. 46. f. 27. 28. (Cycl. quinquefasciatum Adams
Contrib. p. 12. -- Jamaica.

*367. T.? Ada nisi Pfr. lc. N. 40. t. 6. f. 20. 21. t.
46. f. 29. 30. (Cycl. crenulatum Gray, SorvJ — Ja-
maica.

*368. T.? Chemnitzii Wood, Pfr. lc. N. 88. t. 12. f.
32. 33. (Choanopoma interr upturn var. Gray.) —
Africa merid. ?

40

§. 3.

Peristomate distincte duplicate.

369. T. violacea Pfr. Proc. 1851. Ic. N. 308. t. 40. f.
25—27. — Cuba. (52.)

370. T. fascia Wood, Pfr. Ic. N. 37. t. 6. f. 9. 10. -
Var. : Cycl. proximum Adams Contrib. p. 8. — Ja-
maica.

371. T. Augustae Adams Contrib. p. 7. Pfr. Ic. N.
3H.t. 40. f. 34. 35. — Var. : C. nitens Adams Contrib.
p. 8. — Jamaica.

*372. T. ? crenulosa Adams Contrib. p. 12. — Jamaica.
*373. T.? canes cens Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1 85 Me. N. 284.1.

38. f. 36. 37. — Hab.? (53.)

f 374. T. ? simuIansAdams Contrib. p. 1 38. — Jamaica-
*375. T.? ovata Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 306. t.

40. f. 21. 22. — Cuba. (54.)

376. T. pupoides Morelet Test, noviss. p.*23. Pfr. Ic.
N. 305. t. 40. f. 19. 20. — Isla de Pinos.

377. T. Moreletiana Petit in Journ. Conch. I. p. 46*
Pfr. Ic. N. 27'?. t. 37. f. 27. 28. (Cycl dtsjunctum
Morelet test, noviss. p. 23.) — Isla de Pinos.

378. T. a vena Adams Contrib. p. 6. Pfr. Ic. N. 380. t.
46. f. 33—35. — Jamaica.

Will. Leonia Gray.

Operculum ovale, testaceum, extus perconvexum , unispi-
ratum, nucleo juxta marginem columellarem posito.
Testa ovato-conioa; apertura ovalis ; perist. subsim-
plex. (Gray Catal. Cycloph. p. 34.)

379. L. mammillaris Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 126. t. 14. f.
28, 29. (C. Foltzianum Mich., C. Volzana Desh.\

41

C. Woltzianum Terv. ; C. laevigatum Sow. olim ;
C. Velascoi Graells olim.) — Hispania, Algeria.

XXIV. Ciatula Gray.

Operculum ovale, lenue, cartilagineum, strato levi tes-
taceo extus munitum, anfr. paucis sensim crescentibus,
margine plerumque subliberis , nncleo excentrico.
Testa globoso-conica, vel ovato-vel oblongo-tnrrita,
plerumque iruncata ; apertura ovalis; peristoma sim-
plex expansum vel duplicatum. (Gray 1. c. p. 57.)

$. 1.
Globoso-conicae.

380. C.? platychila Pfr. (Cycl. latilabre Pfr. Ic. N
72. t. 10. f. 26. 27.) — Habitat?

381. C. limbifera Menke, Pfr. Ic. N. 38. t. 6. f. 11.
12. t. 21.f. 6. t. 38. f. 3.4. (Cycl. catenatum Gould? ;
Choanopoma semiproductum Gray.} — Cuba.

382. C. Agassizii Charp., Pfr. Ic. N. 274. t. 38. f.
1. 2. Cuba.

383. C. pleurophora Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 299. t.
40. f. 5. 6. — Elonduras. (55.)

§.2.

Oblongo-turritae.
Anfractu ultimo adnato; peristomate simplice.

384. C. radiosa 3Iorelet Test. p. 22. Pfr. Ic. N. 267.
t. 37. f. 15. 16. — Guatemala.

385. C. Tarns i ana Pfr. Zeitschr. 1850. p. 77. Ic. N.
268. t. 37. f. 19. 20. — Porto Cabello.

1386. C.? Griffithiana Adams Contrib. p. 93. —
Jamaica.

42

§. 3.

Oblongo-turritae.
Anfractu ultimo adnato; perist. duplice, externo dilatato.

387. & Gruneri Pfr. Ic. N. 73. t. 10. f. 28. 29. -
Honduras.

388. C. pallida Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 314. t.
41. f. 3—6. - Cuba. (56.)

*389. C.? Kiisteri Pfr. Proc. 1851. Ic. N.316. t* 41. f.

9. 10. — Honduras. (57.)
390. C. radula Pfr. Proc. 1851. Ic. N. 319. t. 41. f.

13. 14. — Cuba. (58.)

§•4.

Oblongo-turritae.

Anfractu ultimo adnato; perist. duplice, externo angusto.
f391. C.? sagittifera Adams Contrib. p. 137. —

Jamaica.
392. C. Candeana Orb. (Cyd truncation Pfr. Ic. N.

121. t. 14. f. 20. 21. Nee Wiegm.) — Cuba.
f393. C.? pauperata Adams Contrib. p. 13. — Ja-
maica.
*394. C.? bilabris Menke, Pfr. Ic. N. 45. t. 6. f. 22.

23. (Cyd. rufllabrum Beck, Sow.?) — Nova Hol-

landia.

§.5.
Oblongo-turritae, anfr. ultimo soluto.

Peristomate subsimplice.
*395. C.? lugubris Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 317. t.

41. f 11. 12. — Jamaica. (59.)
*396. C.? mordax Adams Contrib. p. 12. Pfr. Ic. N.

379. t. 46. f. 31. 32. — Jamaica.
*397. C.? lineolata Lam. Pfr. Ic. N.41. t. 6. f. 27. 28.

— Ins. St. Vincent.
398. C. Thoreyaua Phil, in Z. f. M. 1851. p. 31. Pfr.

Ic. N. 351. t. 43. f. 28—30. — Bolivia.

43

§.6.

Oblongo-turritae, anfractu ultimo soluto.
Peristomate duplice, limbo externo plaoo.

•399. C.? rostrata Pfr., Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 349

t. 43. f. 26. 27. — Habitat? (76.)
f400. C.? ambigua Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 196. t. 29. f.

7_9. (Cycl. interrupta Deless.) — Habitat?
*401. C.? bilabiata Orb. Cub. I. p. 258. t. 22. f

3—5. Pfr. Ic. N. 322. t. 43. f. 31. 32? (Cycl. Dor-

bignyanum Petit Journ. Conch. I. p. 46.) — Cuba.

402. C. Grateloupi Pfr. Proc.Z.S. 1851. Ic. N. 309. t.
40. f. 28— 31. — Yucatan. (60.)

403. C. Largillierti Pfr. Ic. N. 125. t. 14. f. 26. 27.
— Yucatan.

*404. C. fa 11 ax Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 369. t.
45. f. 21. 22. — Habitat? (61.)

f 405. C. ? s e r i c i n a Adams Contrib. p. 1 56. — Jamaica.

f4o6. C.? Campbellii Adams Contrib. p. 154.— Ja-
maica.

§•7.

Oblongo-turritae, anfractu ultimo soluto.
Peristomate duplice, limbo externo fimbriato.

*407. C.? confusa Pfr (Cycl Delatreanum Pfr. Ic-

N. 122. t. 14. f. 22. 23.) — Hab.?
408. C. Sauliae Sow., Pfr. Ic. N. 80. t. 10. f. 24. 25. -

Jamaica.
*409. C.? trochlearis Pfr. Ic. N. 315. t. 41. f. 7. 8.

(Cycl. trochlea Pfr. in Proc. Z. S. 1851. Nee Bens.)

- Hab. ? (62.)
*410. C.? Shepardiana Adams Contrib. p. 92. Pfr.

Ic. N. 283. t. 38. f. 40—45. — Jamaica.
*411. C.? dislocata Baird in Mus. Brit. — Jamaica.

412. C. scabrosa Humph r., Gray Catal. (CycL rugu-
losum Sow. Thes.?) — Jamaica.

Cltondropoma Pfr.

Operculum ovale, subcartilagineum, planum, anfractibus
paucis, rapide accrescentibus, nucleo plerumque valde
excentrico. Testa oblongo- turrita, saepe truncata
rarius globoso-turbinata; apertura ovalis; peristoma
simplex, vel magis minusve duplicatum, subrectum,
expansiusculum vel late reflexum.

§. i.

Peristomate simplice, tenui.

413. Ch. plica tul urn Pfr. Ic..N. 77. t. 10. f. 14. 15. t.
28. f. 12. 13. — Venezuela.

414. Ch. Salleanum Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1850. p. 78. Ic.
N. 266. t. 37. f. 13. 14. 17, 18. — Haiti.

*415. Ch.? papyraceurn Adams Contrib. p. 92. Pfr.
Ic. N. 371. t. 46. f. 39. 40. -- Jamaica.

416. Ch. litturatum Pfr. in Z. f. M. 1850. p. 78. Ic.
N. 269. t. 37. f. 21. 22. — Haiti.

417. Ch. Cumanense Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
320. t. 41. f. 18. 19. -- Cumana. (63.)

418. Ch. elongatum Wood, Pfr. Ic. N. 79. t. 10. f.
19. 20? — Cuba.

§.2.
Peristomate simplice, subincrassato, brevi.

419. Ch. pictum Pfr. Ic. N. 129. t. 15, f. 1-11. (C.
Sagra Orb.; C. Mahogani Gould', C. punctulatum
Fer.} — Cuba.

420. Ch. Poeyanum Orb., Pfr. Ic. N. 261. t. 36. f
22. 23. (Chondropoma Hellenicum Gray in Mus. Brit.)
— Var.: C. Charpentieri Shuttl. — Cuba.

45

421. Ch. obesum Menke, PfV. Ic. N. 78. t. 10. f. 21 —

23. -- Cuba.
422.. Ch. semilabre Lam., Pfr. Ic. N. 130. t. 15. f

17. 18. t. 37. f. 1. 2. — Haiti.

423. Ch. dentatum Say in Philad. Journ. V. p. 125.
(Cycl. lineolatum Ant.; C. crenulatum Pfr. Ic. N.
123. t. 14. f. 24. 25. 30. 31; C. Auberiana Orb.} —
Florida, Cuba.

S. 3.
Peristomate subduplicalo.

424. Ch. Newcombianum Adams Contrib. p. 8. Pfr.
Ic. N. 271. l. 37. f. 25. 26. (Cycl. Troscheli Pfr. in
Z. f. M. 1850. p. 64; C. Swift ianum Newc.} — St.
Thomas.

"425 Ch.? turritum Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 313.

t. 41. f. 1. 2. — Honduras. (64.)
426. Ch. crenulatum Per., Pot. & Mich. Gal. 1. p.

235. U 24. f. 3. 4. (Cycl Guadeloupense Pfr. Ic. N.

193. t. 28. f. 9—11.) Guadeloupe.
*427. Ch.? diaphanum Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

312. t. 40. f. 36. 37. -- Hab.? (65.)

§•4.

Peristomate duplicate.
Umbilico aperto, limbo externo brevi.
*428. Ch.? jucundum Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
370. t. 46. f. 36. 37. - - Hab. ? (66.)

429. Ch. Petit ianurn Pfr. Z. f. M. 1850. p. 78. Ic. N.
270. t. 37. f. 23. 24. — Haiti.

430. Ch. rubicund urn More let Test. nov. p. 22. Pfr.
Ic. N 273. t. 37. f. 29. 30. — Guatemala.

*431. Ch.? harpa Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 323. t

41. f. 28. 29. -- Cuba. (67.)
432. Ch. integrum Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 282. t.

38, f. 25. 26. — Ind. occid. (68.)

46

f433. Ch. truncatum Wiegm., Rossm. VI. p. 49. f.

367. — Mexico.
f434. Ch.? Delatreanum Orb. Cub. p 262. t. 22. f.

18__20. Nee Pfr. (Cycl Dutertreanum Petit Journ.

Conch. 1. p. 47.) — Cuba.

§. 5.

Peristomafe duplice.
Umbilico aperto, limbo externo late expanso.

435. Ch. latilabre Orb., Pfr. Ic. N. 255. t. 36. f. 9.
10. Nee N. 72. — Cuba.

436. Ch. irradians Shuttl., Pfr. Ic. N. 264. t. 37. f.
9. to. — Cuba.

§• 6.
Peristomate duplice, umbilico clauso.

437. Ch. Shuttleworthi Pfr. Proc. Z. S, 1851. Ic.
N. 254. t. 36. f. 7. 8. - - Cuba. (69.)

438. Ch. ienebrosum Morelet Test. nov. p. 23. Pfr.
Ic. N. 265. t. 37. f. 11. 12. — Cuba.

439. Ch. Ottonis Pfr. Ic. N. 36. t. 6. f. 7. 8. —Cuba.

Pomatias Studer.

Operculum cartilagineum, paucispirum, e 2 laminis com-
positutn, intus concameratum. Testa subimperforata,
conico-turrita vel turrita, longitudinaliter striata vel
costata; peristoma subsimplex vel duplicatum, limbo
interno subcontinuo , externo expansiusculo \7el
reflexo, saepe auriculato.

M.

Peristomate auriculalo.
440. P. auritus Ziegl., Pfr. Ic. N. 207. t. 26. f. 4—6.

47

(CycL excissilabrum Miiklf.) — Dalmatia, Monte-
negro, Albania.

4-11. P. obseurus Drap., Pfr. Ic. N. 209. t. 26. f. 1—3.
31—33. (CycL patulum Sow. Thes.) - - Var. : C. fim-
briatum Held; C. apricum Charp. ; maculatum Sow.
Thes.?) — Pyren.

442. P. tessellatus Wiegm., Pfr. Ic. N. 208. t. 26. f.
7 — 9t (CycL conspersum ZgL) — Corfu.

443. P. maculatus Drap., Pfr. Ic. N. 212. t. 26. f.
13— 15. 25 27. (CycL turriculatum Menke ; C. ma-
culata Desh.} — Germania, Helvetia etc.

444. P. patulus Drap., Pfr. Ic. N. 211. t. 26. f. 10—
12. — Gallia, Illyria.

f445. P. Porroi Strobel Note malac. Valbremb. p. 22.
— Lombardia.

Peristomate non auriculato.

446. P. striolatus Porro, Pfr. Ic. N. 210. t. 26. f.
16— 18. (CycL turriculatum Phil., C. Philippii A.
Braun.) — Italia, Sicilia,

447. P. cinerascens Rossm., Pfr. Ic. N. 213. t. 26. f.
34—36. (CycL rude Ziegl. ; C. brevilabre Parr. ) -
Var.: C. turgidulnm Parr. (C. latilabre Schmidt.) —
Dalmatia et Croatia?

448. P. scalariiius Villa, Pfr. Ic. N. 214. t. 26. f.
19—24. — Istria, Dalmatia.

449. P. gracilis Kust., Pfr. Ic. N. 215. t. 26. f. 28-
30. — Dalmatia.

XXVII. Realia Gray.

Operculum tenue, corneum, paucispirum. Testa turrita,
sublaevigata; apertura ovalis; peristoma continuum,
duplex.

48

450. R. Egea Gray Proc. Z. S. 1849. p. 167. Pfr. Ic.
N. 304. t. 40. f. 17. 18. — Nova Seelandia.

X Will. Omplialotropia Pfr.

Operculum tenue, corneum, paucispirtim. Testa perforata
vel anguste umbilicata, tnrrita vel globoso-turbiuata,
circa perforationem carinata; apertura ovalis; peri-
stoma disjunctum, rectum ve! oxpansum. (Pfr. in Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1851.)

§• I-
Turrilae vel oblongo-conicae.

451. O. hieroglyphica Per., Pfr. Ic. N. 204. t. 30. f.
7—9. — Hab.?

452, O. pupoides Ant., Pfr. Ic. N. 205. t. 30. f. IS-
IS. (Bulimus pupoides Anton; Hydrocena Oparica
Pfr. olim.) — Opara.

f453. O. tereb rails Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847.

p. 206. — Taheiti, Eimeo.
*454. 0. rosea Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1847. p. 205.

— Ins. Feejee.

f 455. 0. vallata Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. 1 847. p. 206.

— Tonga Tabou.

?456. 0. scitula Gould Proc. Bost. Soc, 1847. p. 206.

— Taheiti, Eimeo, Manua.

§.2.
Globoso-conicae.

457. O. aurantiaca Desh. (Cycl. Belangeri Pfr. Ic. N.
201. t. 30. f. 13.) -- Pondichery.

458. 0. rubens Quoy, Pfr. Ic. N. 202. t. 30. f. 10—12.
(Cycl. Rangii Pot. et Mich.} — Ins. Maurit.

f459. O. erosa Quoy, Pfr. Ic. N. 200. t. 30. f. 32.33.

— Ins. Mariana.

49

§.2.
Globoso-conicae.

457. 0. a u r a n ti a c a\D e s h. {Cycl. B^angeri Pfr. Ic. N.
201.V 30. f. 1— 3\ — Pondichery.

458. O. riitosns Quoy,>Pfr. Ic. N. 202. \ 30. f. 10— 12.
(Cycl. \fangii Pot. eixfich.) — Ins.

f459. 0. er\sa Quoy, Pfr\Io. N. 200. t.'30. f. 32.33.
— ^_^=_ Ins. JMafrianii. \, —

460. 0. dubia Pfr. Ic. N. 203. t. 30. f. 4—6. — Opara.

461. O. multilirata Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851 — Ins.
Maurit. (70.)

462. 0. globosa Bens., Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

295. t. 39. f. 14— 16. — Ins. Maurit. (71.)

463. 0. plicosa Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 383. t.
46. f. 41. 42. — Hab.? (72.)

464. 0. expansilabris Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.

296. t. 39. f. 17—19. — Ins. Maurit. (73.)

Boureiera Pfr.

Operculum ovale, solidiusculum, corneum, anfractibus paucis
rapide accrescentibus. Testa helicinaefbrmis; columella
basi dentala; apertura ovalisj peristoma expansum

465. B. helicinaeformis Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N.
224. t. 32. f. 8—10. — Quito. (74.)

C yclowtoniareu «edf« oiiiniiio Ineertae*

f466. C. cuspidatum Bens. Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

— Nilgherries.
f467. C. inarginatum Chemn. (Turbo marcj. Chemn.

IX, p. 60. f. 1075; Cycl. murrhinum Menke syn. ed.

U. p. 39.) — Coroiuandel.

4

so

*468, C. patera Pfr. Proc. Z. S. 1851. Ic. N. 350. t.

43. f. 23— 2y~ Hab.? (75.)
f469. C. sarri/um Bens. Ann. and Mag. 1851. VIII.

— India. /

Diagnoses specierum in Diariis Societa-
tis Zoologicae £,ojntliiieiisf s t§5O et 1*51
clcscriptaruifi. ^~

1. C. Ouitense Pfr. (2.) — T. umbilicata, depressa,
solida, superne striatula, nitida, saturate castanea* spira
brevis, conoideo-elevata; sutura prof'unda; anfr. 4'/a
convexi, rapide accrescentes? ultimus ad suturam depressus,
rugatus, peripheria cingulo angusto lutescente et fascia
lata nigricante ornatus, basi fusco-virens, circa umbili-
cum infundibulifonnem confertim radiato-plicatus; apertura
parum obliqua, irregulariter ovalis, dextrorsum producta,
intus livescens; perist. rectum, subincrassaturn, continuum?
marginibus superne angulatim junctis, sinistro ad anfr«
penultimum breviter appresso. — Diain. maj. 37? min. 27,
alt. 15 mill. Ap. 16 mill, alta & lata. -2*<C"

2. C. sea la re Pfr. (34.) — T. umbilicata, conoidea,
solidula, oblique slriatula, nitidula, corneo-lutea ; spira
elata, scalaris, apice acuta; sutura profunda; anfr. 4Va
perconvexi, ultimus teres, antice subsolutus; umbilicus
angustus, pervius; apertura obliqua, circularis, intus
margaritacea; perist. simplex, continuum, undique vix ex-
pansiusculum. — Diam. maj. 9, min. 7, alt. 6V2 mill. Ap.
32/3 mill, longa.

3. C. H i m a 1 a y a n u m P f r. (65.) — T. umbilicata, glo-
boso-turbinata, solidula, cosh's spiralibus obtusis 10 — 12,
lineisque interjacentibus obsoletis sculpta, sub epidermide
d^cidua, .... albida; spira turbinata, superne ru(a, acu-

51

tiuscula; anfr. 5 convexiusculi, uliimus ventrosus, circa
umbilicum angustum, infundibuliformem vix compressus;
apertura subverticalis, circularise perist. simplex, conti-
nuum, breviter adnatum, fusco-igneum, subincrassatum,
breviter expansum, superne subangulatum. Diam. maj.:
48, min. 39, alt. 35 mill. Ap. intus 22 mill, longa. ;&*<

4. C. p i c t u r a t u m P f r. (73.) — T. umbilicata, turbinato-
depressa, solida, sublaevigata, albida , strigis et flammis
reticulatis castaneis picta; spira breviter conoidea, obtusa;
anfr. 4V2 modice convexi, ultimus superne costis nonnul-
lis obtusis spiraiibus munitus, infra peripheriam rotunda-
tarn fascia serrata ornatus, circa umbilicum mediocrem,
profundurn albus: apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis;
perist. subsimplex, crassum, longe prolractum, continuum,
breviter adnatum, margine sinistro dilatato, patente. —
Diam. maj. 29, min. 23, alt. 16 mill. Ap. intus 11 mill,
longa.

5. C. I by a tense Pfr. (74.) — T. umbilicata, tur-
binato - depressa , solida , laevigata , subtiliter striatula
nitida, easlanea, albido-maculata & fasciata; spira turbi-
nata, vertice acutiusculo, corneo; anfr. 5 modice convexi
ultimus ad suturam subdepressus, maculis magnis subqua-
dratis vel triangularibus albis pictus , peripheria obsole-
tissime angulatus, circa umbilicum mediocrem, infundi-
buliformem albus ; apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis ;
perist. subincrassatum, expansiusculum , marginibus ap-
proximatis, callo continuo junctis. — Diam. maj. 23, min.
18, alt. 14 mill. Ap. intus 10 mill, longa. J, J&y*-?

6. C. lutescens Pfr. (76) — T. umbilicata, depresso-
conoidea, solida, oblique filoso -striata, sericea , fusco-
lutescens; spira breviter conoidea, apice acutiuscula; su-
tura profunda, simplex; anfr. 4!/i convexi, rapide accres-
centes, uliimus non descendens; umbilicus mediocris,
profundus; apertnra vix obliqua, roiundato-ovalis j perisl
simplex, rectum, acutum, continuum, Ureviier adiiaiinn.

4*

52

superne vix angulatum. — Diam. maj. ,20, min. 15Va,
alt. 12 mill. Ap. 10 mill, longa. /i--«<'->«X

7. C. Bensoni Pfr. (79.) -- T. umbilicata, subglo-
boso-turbimita, solida, lineis obliquis & confertis spirali-
bus subtiliter decussata, albido-fulva, castaneo-variegata;
spira turbinata , obtusiuscula , anfr. 5 convex! , supremi
unicolores luridi, sequentes flammulato-picti, ultimus mag-
nus, obsolete angulatus, ad carinam fascia nigricante &
utrinque fasciis inaequalibus castaneis ornatus, circa um-
bilicurn angustum, infundibuliformem pallidus, subeom-
pressus; apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis, intus
lac(ea^ perist. continuum, igneo-auran(iacum, breviter ad-
natum, breviter fornicato-reflexum. — Diam. maj. 43, min.
34, alt. 26 mill.

8. C. expansum Pfr. (84.) — T. umbilicata, tur-
binato-subglobosa, solidiuscula, spiraliter confertim stri-
ata, opaca, superne castaneo & albido variegata; spira
conoidea, apice acutiuscula; anfr. 5 convexiusculi, ulti-
mus convexior, dilatatus, peripheria subcarinatus , basi
fasciis angustis castaneis ornatus; umbilicus angustus,
pervius; apertura subverticalis, fere circularis; perist,
subsimplex, continuum, breviter adnatum, pallirie auran-
tiacum, undique aequaliter angulatim plano-expansum,
margine subrevolutum. Diam. maj. 30, min. 22, alt. 19 mill.

9. C. amoenum Pfr. (87.) — T. umbilicata, de-
presso-turhinata , solida, laevigata, alba, lineis castaneo-
fulvis crebris, maculis sagittiformibus interruplis amoe-
nissime picta -} spira conoidea, obtusa ; anfr. 4'/a modice con-
vexi, ultimus superne turgidus, peripheria carina sub-
comj»ressa & infra earn fascia saturatiore signalus, basi
convexu9, circa umbilicum angustum, infundibulifonnem
albus; apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis; perist. du-
plex: internum continuum , stricte porrecluin, externum
crassnm, patens, tfd anfraot. pennltimum vix excisum. —
Diam. maj. 30, min. 24, all. 18 mill.

53

10. C. turbid urn Pfr. (88.) — T. umbilicata, lur-
bmato-globosa, crassa, striata & minute malleata, rubello-
fulva, fasciis & lineis interruptis castaneis ornata; spira
luibinata, obtusiuscula; anf'r. 5 convex), ultimus superne
turgidus, infra medium carina funiformi & fascia latiore
nigricante circumdatus, basi subplanulatus, circa umbili-
cum angustum, infundibuliformem subcompressus; aper-
tura ohliqua, subangulato- rotunda, intus rubella; perist.
duplex: internum continuum, externum crassum, expan-
sum, ad anfr. penultimum breviter interruptum. — Diam-
maj. 27, min. 23, alt. 18 mill. &.+*- 1

11. C. denselineatum Pfr. (90.) T. umbilicata,
globoso- turbinata , solida, lineis spiralibus impressis et
obliquis minutissime decussata , vix nitidula, pallide
fulva, maculis & fasoiis interruptis fuscis picta; spira tur-
binata, sursum nigricans, apice acuta; anfr. 5 parum
convexi , ultimus superne convexior, infra medium obtuse
carinatus, basi planiusculus, circa umbilicum angustum
pervium pallidus; apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis,
transverse dilatata; perist. incrassatum, vix expansum, mar-
ginibus approximatis. callo junctis, columellari reflexius-
culo. - Diam. maj. 23V2, min. 20, alt. 16 mill. Ap. intus
oblique 9V2 mill, longa & lata,

12. C. luridum Pfr. (99.) — T. umbilicata, depresso-
turbinata, tenuiuscula, confertJm spiraliter striata et costis
sub 5 obtusis superne munita, nitida. fusco-fulvida ; spira
turbinata, apice livida, acutiuscula; anfr. 5 modice con-
vexi, ultimus ad peripheriam obtuse angulatus & albo-
fasciatus, basi pallidior, obsolete fasciatus; umbilicus
angustus, pervius; apertura magna, parum obliqua, sub-
angulato-circularis; perist. simplex, teuue, marginibus
disjurictis, dextro breviter expanse, sinistro subdilatato,
fornicato-patente. — Diam. maj. 27, min. 23, alt. 19 mill.
Ap. intus 14 mill, longa.

13. C, triliratum Pfr. (104.) — T. umbilicata,

54

globoso-turbinata , teruis, sub epidermide longitudinaliter
rugosa hispida castanea, pallidius variegata, ad suturam
luteo-flammtilata; spira conica, acuta; anfr. 5V2 convexi-
usculi , penullimus 2, ultimus 3 liris filiformibus , ciliatis
cinctus: lira 1 supera, secunda peripherica , tertia prope
infra illam; umbilicus angustus, pervius; apertura obliqua,
subcircularis; perist. subsimplex, breviter expansum, intus
albo-callosum, marginibus approximatis , callo junctis. —
Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 6 mill. ^AW***^

14. C. fulguratum Pfr. (110.)— T. umbilicata,
depresso-turbinata, solida, oblique striatula, sub lente
conferlissime decussata, alba, strigis fulguratis castaneis
superne elegantissime picta ; spira turbinata, apice obtu
sula , cornea; anfr. 5 convexi, uliimus rotundatus, ad
peripheriam fascia alba & infra earn nigncanti- castanea
ornafus, circa umbilicum angustum, vix pervium albus;
apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis, intus livescens,
nitida; perist. simplex, fulvidum, interruptum, marginibus
callo tenui junctis , dextro & basali aequaliter expansis,
columellari supra umbilicum dilatato, patente. — Diam. '
maj. 29, min. 23, alt. 1.4 mill. Ap. intus 13'/.2 mill longa.

15. C. margarita Pfr. (121.) — T. perforata, glo-
boso-conica, solidula, laevigata , nitidula, rubello-succi-
nea; spira conica, apice acutiuscula, sanguinea; anfr. 5
convexiusculi, ultimus subrotundatus; apertura parum ob-
liqua, ovalis; perist. interruptum, simplex, rectum, mar-
gine columellari perarcuato, subincrassato. — Diam. rnaj
7, min. 6, alt. 6 mill. /2^-f^tJ

16. C. appendiculatum Pfr. (128.) T. umbilicala,
depressa, solida, lineis spiralibus, elevatis, confertis,
(4 — 5 paulo majoribus) sculpta, albida, fusculo- marmo.
rata, prope suturam canaliculatam maculis magnis, sub-
quadrangularibus, castaneis et supra peripheriam subca-
rinatam, casfaneo-articulatam fascia pallida signata; spira
brevissime conoidea} apice cornea, obtusulaj anfr, 4l/l

rapidr aocrescentes . ullimus ad suturam lale depre'ssus;
umbilicus magnus, perspectivus; aperture obliqua, cir-
oularis: perist. continuum, brevitep adnatum, album, un-
dique aequaliter expansum, margine sinistro in appendicem
linguaeformem, patentem dilatato. — Diam. maj. 34, min.
27, alt. 15 mill.

17. C. guttatum Pfr. (129.) — T. umbilicata,
depressa, solida, glabra , nitida, laete castanea, maculis
albis subtriangularibus guttata; spira vix elevata , apice
fusca, submucronata; anfr. 4V2 convexiusculi, celeriter
crescentes, ad suturam impressam striatuli; umbilicus la-
tiusculus, pervius; apertura parum obliqua, circular-is,
intus albida; perist. subduplex: internum vix distinguen-
dum, externum expansum, superne in linguam brevem,
anfractui penultimo adnafam, dilatatum. — Diam. maj.
19, min. 15, alt. 9 mill. Ap. 7 mill, longa.

18. C. alternans Pfr. (134.) — T. umbilicata,
conoideo- depressa, tenuiuscula, acute multilirata, liris
alternis minoribus, baud nitens, sub epidermide pallide
lutescente fugace alba; spira breviter conoideo -elevata,
obtusiuscula: sutura subcanaliculata; anfr. 5 convexius-
culi, ultimus rotundatus; umbilicus mediocris, conicus:
apertura parum obliqua , subcircularis ; perist. simplex,
rectum, fusco- limbaturn, subcontinuum, marginibus ad
anfr. penult, callo nitido junctis. — Diam. maj. 20, min.
16, alt. 10 mill. Ap. 9 mill, longa..

19. C. Bourcieri Pfr. (135.) — T. late umbilicata, or-
biculata, conoidea, subtiliter striata & lineis elevatis spi-
ralibus, plus minusve confertis sculpta, epidermide fusco-
olivacea vestita; spira breviter conoidea, vertice nudo,
subpapillato; anfr. 4% — 5 convexi, lente accrescentes,
ultimus teres, antice subdescendens; apertura obliqua,
subangulato-circularis, intus margaritacea; perist. simplex,
rectum, anfractui penultimo breviter adnatum. Diam.
maj

56

20. C. psilomitum Pfr. (137.) — T. umbilicata,
depresso- conoidea, solidula, virenti-lutea, vix nitidula, li-
neis spiralihus subtilissimis filoso-elevatis crebris obs-
curioribus dncta; spira breviter eonoidea, obtusa; sutura
subcanaliculata; anfr. 4 convexi, ultimus teres, non de-
scendens; umbilicus mcdiocris, profundus; apertura fere
verticalis, subcircularis, intusalbida; perist. simplex, acu-
tum, marginibus fere contiguis, callo brevi junctis. —
Diam. maj. 15, min. 11, alt. 8 mill. Ap. 7 mill, longa. <<^

21. C. ponderosum Pfr. (139.) — T. late umbi-
licata , conoideo-depressa , crassa , ponderosa, subtiliter &
oblique malleato-rugulosa, olivaceo-fuscula; spira breviter
conoidea, obtusa ; anfr. 5 parum convexi, celeriter accres-
ceutes, ultimus latus, subdepressus, ad peripheriam obtuse
funiculato-carinatus; apertura obliqua, angulato- ovalis,
intus alba, nitida; perist. crassum, rectum, subcontinuum,
superne angulato- dilalatum, margine columellari perar-
cuato. -- Diam. maj. 36, min. 30, alt. 20 mill. jU*utf*<£*-*

22. C. Dysoni Pfr. (141.) — T. umbilicata , conoi-
deo-orbiculata, solida, pliculis confertis undulatis, subcon-
fluentibus sculpta, fusco-olivacea, pallidius strigata & ob-
solete fasciata; spira conoidea, obtusula; anfr. 4Va con-
vexiusculi, celeriter accrescentes, ultimus rotundatus; um-
bilicus mediocris, conicus; apertura fere verticalis, angu-
lato-subcircularis, intus coerulescens, nitida; perist. sim-
plex, rectum, superno angulatum, breviter adnatum, mar-
gine dextro declivi, columellari subdilatato - patente. —
Diam. maj. 27, min. 22, alt. 16 mill. A p. 14 mill, longa,
13 lata. }fc v^^fa**^

23. C. disculufi Pfr. (144.) — T. umbilicata, de-
pressa, discoidea, solidiuscula, nitida, alabastrina; spira
planissima; anfr. vix 4 convexiusculi, ad suiuram im-
pressam striati, ultimus teretiusculus, subdepressus, in
umbilico lato distinciius striatus, antice brevissime solu-

57

tus; apertura subverticalis, circularis; perist. continuum,
simplex, rectum. — Diam. maj. 14, min. 11, alt. 5 mill.

24. C. ignescens Pfr. (149.) — T. perforate, glo-
boso-conica, tenuis, lineis spiralibus subtilissimis confer-
tim sculpta, diaphana, nitida, ignescens; spira turbinata,
obtusiuscula ; sutura profunda; anfr. 41/, convexi, ultimus
basi distindius sulcatus; apertura ohliqua, eubcircularis;
perisi. simplex, expansum, marginibus approximatis, non
junctis. — Diam. maj. 14, min. 11, alt. 1 1 '/» mill. Ap. intus
7 mill, longa. , Y**»

25. C. latelimbatum Pfr. (153.) — T. perforata,
glohoso-conica, tenuis, minute spiraliter striata et lineis
obtusis elevatis subaequidistantibus cincta, diaphana, pa-
rum nilida, alba, maculis & fasciis pa Hide fulvis varie-
gata; spira turbinata, acutiuscula; anfr. 5 convexius-
culi, rapide crescentes, ultimus rotundatus, medio linea
acute elevala suhcarinatus; umbilicus angustus, vix per-
vius; apertura obliqua, subcircularis; perist. album, duplex:
internuni interruptum, breviter porrectum, marginibus
callo tenui junctis, externum undique aequaliter dilatatum,
angulatim patens, supra perforationem excisum. Diam-
maj. 17, min. 13, alt. 11 mill. Ap. intus oblique 81/,
mill, longa.

26. C. sericatum Pfr. (155.) — T. perforata, glo-
boso-conica, tenuis, pellucida, sericea, lineis obliquis
subdistantibus sculpta, superne lineis 4— 5 elevatis spi-
ralibus munita, hyalino-albida, liris corneis; spira turbi-
nata, acuta, apice nigricans; anfr. 5, superi parum con-
vexi, ultimus inflatus, subcarinatus. infra carinam fascia
1 castariea ornatus, basi liris spiralihus nonnullis obsoletio-
ribus sculptus; umbiliciiS angustissimus, non pervius;
apertura parum ohliqua, subemarginato- circular-is; perisi.
simplex, interruptum, tenue, horizontaliter patens, margine
columellari medio sublingulato-dilatato. —Diam. maj. 12
min. vix 10, alt, 9 mill. Ap. 6 mill, longa.

58

27. C. regnlare Pfr. (168.) — T. angustissime per
forata , conico-globosa , tenuis, liris approximatis superne
aequalibus sculpta, interstitiis spiraliter conferfim striata,
diaphana, albida, maculis fulvis regulariter tessellata; spira
turbinata, apiee acuta, pallide cornea; anfr. 5'/2 convcxius-
culi , ultimus convexior, infra liram periphericam inflatus,
obsoletius liratus; apertura obliqua, lunato-circularis; pe-
rist. inlerruptnm , tenue, album, breviter patens, margine
columellari basi subangulatim dilatato, — Diam. maj. 12T/2
min. 10, alt. 10 mill. Ap. 61/* mill, longa. /^4*

28. C. elatum Pfr. (170.) — T. umbilicata, conica,
tenuiuscula, oblique striata, lineis spiralibus, distanlibusj
elevatis sub lente munita , vix diaphana , albida; spira
conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 5T/2 parum convexi, ultimus
convexior, subacute carinatus, basi confertius reticulatus;
umbilicus angustissimus, non pervius; apertura diagonalis,
truncato-ovalis, perist. simplex, marginibus distantibus,
aequilatis, angulatim patentibus, columellari subangus-
tato. — Diam, maj. 11 V2, min. 10, alt. 10!/2 mill. Ap.
ntus 6 mill, longa.

29. C. Birmanum Pfr. (172.) — T. perforata , glo-
boso-conica, tenuis, acute carinata, oblique striata, lineis
spiralibus obsoletissimis sculpta, parum nitida, diaphana,
fusco-lutea, strigis latis angulatis et fasciis interrupts
castaneis ornata; spira turbinata, obtusula; anfr. 4 '/2 <>on-
vexiusculi, ultimus basi tumidus; apertura parum obliqua
subtetragona, intus coerulescens, margaritacea ; perist. sim-
plex, rectum, acutum, marginibus remotis (an serius re-
flexis?). -- Diam. maj. 14V25 min. 12, alt. 10 mill. Ap.
verticaliter 8'/2 mill, longa, 71/, lata. ^c^

30. C. guatemalense Pfr. (193.) -- T. perforata,
oblonga, solidula, subtruncata, striatula, olivaceo-fusca;
spira convexiusculo-turrita; anfr. 6 parum convexi, ulti-
mus angustior, antice descendens, breviter solutus, basi
circa perforation em apertam compressus? nee carinatus;

59

apertura vertical's, subcircularis; perist. liberum, alburn,
duplex: internum continuum, vix porrectum , externum
dilatatum; horizontaliter expansum, supra perlbrationem
excisum. — Long. 24, diam. 8 mill. Ap. 5'/a mill, longa.

31. C. Borni Pfr. (220.) — T. umbilicata, oblongo
turrita, solida, spiraliter confertim striata, lineis longitu-
dinalibus distantioribus granulalo-decussata, nitida, luteo
albida, strigis angustis fulguratis rufis ornata; spira con-
vexo • turrita , breviter truncata; sutura subcanaliculata,
crenulata; anfr. superst. 4'/a perconvexi, ultimus teres;
umbilicus infundibuliformis, subpervius; aperlura parum
obliqua, oblongo- rotundata, parvula, intus alba ; perisl.
duplicatuin: internum expansum, continuum, incumbens^
externum anfractui penultimo breviter adnatum, lateribus
pcrdilatatum, concentrice striatum. — Long. 36, diam.
19 mill. Ap. intus 12 mill, longa, 9V2 lata. (Jc*********

32. C. majusculum Morelet mss. (223.) — T.
subperforata, oblonga, truncata, solida, lineis elevatis
longitudinalibus & transversis minute reticulata, violaceo.
fusca; sutura eleganter albo-denticulata; anfr. (superst.)
3 convex!, ultimus rotundatus; apertura subverticalis, fere
circularis, intus livida; perist. incrassatum, continuum,
breviter adnatum, superne angulatim ascendens, margine
dextro superne recedente, repando, infra medium antror-
sum producto, columellari dilatato , patente. -- Long. 26
diam. 15 mill. Ap. intus 9 mill, longa, 8l/a lata.

33. C. mite Pfr. (235.) T. umbilicata, turbinato-
globosa, breviter truncata, liris obtusis spiralibus munita,
cosiulis membranaceis confertissimis decussata, unicolor
corneo-albida; spira convexa, brevis; anfr. sup. 3'/2 con-
vexi, ultimus teres, circa umbilicum mediocrem, pervium
distinctius spiraliter liratus; apertura verticalis, circularis •
perist. duplex: internum vix porrectum, externum undique
aequaliter dilatatum, patens, obsolete undulatum, concen-

trice striatum, superue subangulatum , ad anfr. penult
subemarginatum. Diam. maj. 13, min. 10, alt. 9 mill

34. C. a 1 alum Pfr. (240.) — T. umbilicata, conoi-
deo-depressa, solidula, oblique confertim et inaequaliter
costulata, vix diaphana, albida, fasciis angustis pallidissime
cornels variegata j spira brevissime conoidea, acutiusoula;
sulura simplex; anfr. 4 modice convexi, ultimus subteres,
antice vix descendens, lilaceo-nebulosus; umbilicus latus,
apertus; apertura diagonals, subcircularis , intus lilaceo-
fuscula; perist. subduplex, latere dextro & basali conna-
tum, expansum, externum superne alatim dilatatum, latere
sinistro subretiexum. — Diam. maj. 16, mjn. 13, alt. 8
mill. Ap. intus 6!/a mill, longa, 6 lata.

34 C. so lu turn Richard. (241.) -- T. umbilicata,
depressa, longitudinaliter confertim filoso-costata , sericea,
diaphana, albida, lineis rufis interruptis ornata; spira pa-
rum elevata, mucronata; sutura subcanaliculata, obsolete
denticulata; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus teres, antice descen-
dens, solutus, basi in umbilico latissimo spiraliter sulca-
tus; apertura obliqua , fere circular-is; perist. duplex: in-
ternum continuum, rectum, prominens, externum album,
undique rectangule patens, superne dilatatum, ad anfrac.
turn penultimum inflexo-adnatum. -- Diam. maj. 13, min.
10, alt. 5V« mill. Ap. intus 4V3 mill, longa.

36. C. pingue Pfr. (252.) — T. umbilicata, oblongo-
turrita , truncata, solida, liris spiralibus obtusis undulata,
striis longitudinalibus confertissimis sculpta, oleoso-micans,
cinnamomeo-fusca ; sutura profunda, simplex; anfr. sup 4
convexi, regulariteraccrescentes, ultimus rotundatus; apertura
subverticalis, fere circularis; perist, album, duplex: intmium
expansiusculum, adnatum, externum continuum, horizontaliter
expansum, anfractui penultimo brevissime adnatum, superne
angulatum. — Long. 12V2,diarn. 6 mill. Ap. 32/3 mill, longa.

37. C. desciscens Pfr. c256.) — T. late umbili-
cata, depresso-semiglobosa, superne confertim sulculata,

61

albida; spira convexa; anfr. 41/* convexiusculi , ultimus
teres, antice subito deflexus, basi laevigatus; apertura
fere horizontals, lunato-rotundata, intus alba; perist. in-
crassatum, marginibus remotis, callo junctis, basali reflexo,
columellari subito arcuatiin ascendente. — Diam. maj. 10, f
min. 8V2? alt. 5V» mill. Ap. intus 3 mill, longa & lata. &

38. C. Philippianum. Pfr. (266.) — T. umbilicata,
globoso-turbinata> tenuis, striatula, superne lineis subti-
libus decussatula, fulvido-albida, fasciis 3 — 4 angustis
rufis superne ornata; spira turbinata, apice nigricans;
anfr. 5 — 5Va rotundati, ultimus infra medium fascia
latiore cinctus, basi laevigatus, albus; apertura parum
obliqua, subangulato-circularis, intus concolor; perist. sub-
interruplum , marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro recto,
columellari dilatato, iibere reflexo, umbilicum angustum
pervium semioccullante. — Diam. maj. 26, min. 21, alt.
22 mill. Ap. 15 mill, longa.

39. C. vitellinum Pfr. (268.) -- T. umbilicata,
globoso-conica, solida, striis incrementi conferlis et liris
confertissimis scabre decussata, flavido- rubella, pallidius
irregulariter strigata; spira elevato-conica, apice nigres-
cens, obtusula; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus rolundatus, infra
medium sublaevigatus, in umbilico angusto, pervio spi-
raliter sulcatus; apertura vix obliqua, ovali-rotundata; pe_
rist. simplex, marginibus approximatis, calio junctis, dex.
tro subrepando, recto, sinistro medio dilatato, patente. —
Diam. maj. 19, min. 17, alt. 17 mill. Ap. 11 mill, longa,
10 lata.

40. C. lira turn Pfr. (282.) — T. late et perspective
umbilicata, solidula, radiatim striata, superne et basj
confer! im & acute lirata, non nilens, livido-carnea; spira
vix elevaia, vertice papillari; sutura profunda; anfr. 4
vix convexi, ultimus ad suturam depressus, ad periphe-
riam carinis 5 — 6 distantioribus, majoribus munitus, an-
uce descendens; apertura perobliqua, oblongo circularis ;

62

perist. duplex: internum continuum, obtuse prominens, ex-
ternum dilatatum, expanso -inflexurn , latere sinistro an-
gustissimum. — Diam. maj. 18, min. 14V2, alt. 7 — 8 mill.

41. C. unicolor Pfr. (289.) — T. umbilicata, glo-
boso-conica, solida, longitudinaliter striatula, spiraliter
confertim sulcata , opaca , albida vel fulvido-strainirifa ;
spira conica, apice obtusiuscula; anfr. 5 convexiusculi,
ultimus superne et medio acute carinalus: carina tertia
validissima circa umbilicum ansrustum, infundibuliformem,

O " '

intus profunde spiraliter sulcatum; apertura parum obliqua,
angulato-circularis; perist. simplex, marginibus callo lu-
natim exciso junctis, dextro expansiusculo, sinistro rnedio
angulatim incrassato. — Diam. maj. 28, min. 22, alt. 20 mill.

42. C. Ba relay an um Pfr. (292.) — T. obtecte per-
forata, globoso-conica, solida, longitudinaliter conferiim
striatula & carinis multis acute elevatis munita, violas-
centi-fusca, strigis saturatioribus & pallidionbus varic -
gata; spira conica, apice obtusa (saepe truncatula); anfr.
5 parum convexi, ultimus carinis 3 validioribus, promi-
nentioribus munitus: maxima mediana , secunda basali,
tertia in partesupera; apertura fere verticalis, subcirculari«,
intus livido-sanguinea; perist sanguineum, subiRcrassaturn.
expansum, ad anfractum penuhimum lunatim emarginatum
margine dextro carinis crenulato, columellari fornicato-re-
flexo, perforationem fere claudente. - Long 29, diam.
23 mill. Ap. intus 13 mill. diam. ^i'tt^^^ ,-Cu^

43. C. Kraussianum Pfr. (297.) - T. umbilicata,
globoso-conica, solidula, striatula, liris cariniformibus
permultis, alternis minoribus sculpta, opaca, livido cin<i-
rea, obsolete subfasciata; spira turbinata, acutiuscula:
anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus peripheria distinctius carinatus3
basi parum convexus; umbilicus mediocris, pervius; aper.
tura parum obliqua , intus fulvo cinerea; perist. album,
tenue, undique expansum, ad anfractum ponultimum bre-
titer interruptum. — Diam. maj. 14'/a, min. 12, all. 12 mill.

63

44. Cyclost. castaneumPfr. (998.) — T. anguste
umbilicata, glohoso-conica, tenuis, oblique striatula et liris
subacutis mulfis sculpta, niiida, saturate castanea; spira
elevato- conica, apice obtusiuscula; anfr. 4l/2 angulato_
convexi, ultimus liris 6 subaequalibus, pluribusque mino-
ribus, confertioribus in umbilico munitus; apertura parum
obliqua, subcircularis; perist. simplex, tenue, undique
expansiusculum, marginibus approximatis, non junctis. —
Diam. maj. II, min 9, alt. 9 mill. Ap. fere 6 mill, longa.

45. Cyclost. fusculum Pfr. (299.) — T. angu-
stissime umbilicata, globoso-conica, tenuis, lineis elevatis
spiralibus subconfertis, liraque peripherica validiore cari-
niformi sculpta, vix nitidula, unicolor fuscula, fascia 1
angusta rufa infra carinam pallidam ornata; spira conica,
obiusiuseula; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus interdum carina
secunda superne notatus, basi minute spiraliter sulcatus.
apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-ovalis; perist. simplex,
tenue, undique expansiusculum, marginibus approximatis,
nou junctis. — Diana, maj. ll'/a, min. 9l/2? alt. 9 mill.
Ap. 6 mill, longa.

46. Cyclost. insulare Pfr. (314.) — T. perforata,
globoso-conica, solidiuscula, spiraliter & obtuse crebrilirata,
lineis confertissimis longitudinalibus subscabra, non nitens,
sordide albida, fasciis nonnullis pallide violaceis picta .
spira breviter turbinata, obtusula; anfr. 5 convexi, ad
suturam minutissime crenulati, ultimus basi liris elevatio-
ribus sculptus; apertura vix obliqua, subangulato-circu
laris; perist. tenue, undique expansum, reflexiusculum.
marginibus approximatis, callo subemarginato junctis, su-
pero repando, sinistro an^ustiore. - - Diam. maj. 17, min.
.13V« a't- <3Va mill.

47. Cyclost. Carolinense Pfr. (318.) — T. urn.
bilicata, turrito-conica, tenuiuscula, superne leviter & con.
ferlim spiraliter lirata, nitidula, alba; spira elongata, apice
obtusula; anfr. 6 convexi, ultimus rotundatus, infra medium

64

laevigatus; umbilicus angustus, non pervius; apertura vix
obliqua, subcircularis; perist. simplex, aculum, marginibus
approximatis , dextro recto, columellari medio dilatato,
subreflexo. — Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 1*2 mill,

48. Cyciost. subliratum Pfr. (323.) T. an-
gustissime umbilicata, globoso - conica , tenuis, spiraliter
lirata, baud nitens, pallide rubello- cornea; spira elevato-
turbinata, apice obtusula; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus rotun-
datus, obsoletius liratus; apertura parum obliqua, oblon-
gato-rotunda; perist. simplex, tenue, vix expansiusculum,
marginibus fere contiguis, callo junctis. — Diam. maj. 10,
min. 8, alt. 9 mill.

49. Cyciost. lineatum Pfr. (327.) -- T. umbili-
cata, globoso- conica, tenuiuscula, laevigata, diaphana, ni-
tidula, fulva, lineis castaneis, alternis subtilioribus, subin-
terruptis picta; spira turbinata, acutiuscula; anfr. 5V2 con.
vexi, ultimus rotundatus, infra peripheriam fascia latiore
ornatus, in umf>ilico angusto, vix pervio spiraliter confer-
tim sulcatus; apertura vix obliqua, subangulato-circularis;
perist. simplex, rectum, album, marginibus approximatis,
callo subemarginato junctis. — Diam. maj. 15, min, IB,
alt. 13 mill.

50. Cyciost. fasciculare Pfr, (333.) — T. per.
forata, acurninaio-ovata, solidula, confertissime costulato-
striata, vix sericea, griseo - cornea ; spira conica, acutius-
cula; sutura costularum fasciculis crenata; anfr. 5 con-
vexiusculi, ultimus rotundatus, basi spiraliter sulcatus;
apertura vix obliqua, ovalis; perist. simplex, rectum, acu-
tum. — Long. 12, diam. 8 mill. Ap. 6 mill, longa, 5 laia.

51. Cyciost saccatum Pfr. (336.) — T. profunde
rimata, vix perforata, ovato-oblonga, breviter truncata,
tenuis, longitudinaliter confertim filoso-costata, diaphana,
pallide cornea, maculis castaneis seriatis ornata; sutura
profunHa, sub lente spinulosa; anfr. snperst. 3V2 convexi,
ultimus antice subasi endeus, breviter solutus, basi sacca-

65

tus; aperlura subcircularis, basi axin excedens; perist.
simplex, continuum, vix expansiusculum. — Long. 12,
diam, 8 mill. Ap. 5 mill. longa.

52. Cyclost. violaceum Pfr. (369.) - T. sub-
obtecte perforata, ovato-turrita, truncata, solidula, lineis
elevatis spiralibus & confertioribus longitudinalibus ob-
longo-granulala, baud scabra, non nitens, saturate violaceaj
spira turrita, truncata; anfr. superst. 4Y2 convexi, ultimus
rotundatus; apcrtura subverticalis, angulato-ovalis; perist.
duplex, album, continuum: internum expansiusculum, ad-
natum, externum margine dextro subincrassalo, anguste
angulatim patente, columellari in laminam sinuosam, perfo-
rationem occultantem, nee claudentem dilatato. — Long.
20, diam. It mill. Ap. 71/, mill, longa, 5l/4 lata.

53. Cyclost. canescens Pfr. (373.) — T. sub-
perforata, oblongo-turrita, truncatula, solida, lineis longi-
tudinalibus & spiralibus elevatis regulariter clathrata, pa-
rum nitida, griseo-albida; spira elongata; sutura tuber-
culis confcrtis albis crenata ; anfr. superst. 7 vix con-
vexiusculi, ultimus basi attenuatus, circa perforationem
obsoletam distinctius spiraliter sulcatus; apertura vertica-
lis, angulato-ovalis, intus fusco-carnea; perist. duplex:
internum vix porrectum, externum undique breviter ex.
pansum, superne angulatum, anfractui penultimo breviter
adnatum. — Long. 20, diam. 7 mill. Ap. 5 mill, longa?
4 lata.

54. Cyclost. ovatum Pfr. (375.) — T. obtecte
perforata, oblongo-ovata , truncata, tenuis, longitudinaliter
confertim plicatula, sericea, fusco-cornea, vel pallidissime
cornea, maculis rufis seriatim dispositis ornata; spira
ovato-conica , truncata; sutura levis, irregulariter tuber-
culato-crenata; anfr. sup. 5 convexiusculi , ultimus paulo
angustior, basi obsolete spiraliter sulcatus; apeitura ver-
ticalis, rolunda(o-ovalis; perist. fusculum, duplex: internum
breviter porrectum, externum undique dilatatum, campa-

5

66

nulato-expansum, radiato-costatum, superne angulatim re-
flexum, anfractui penultimo longe adnatum, perforationem
claudens, margine sinistro subauriculato, libero. — Long.
17%, diam. 8 mill. Ap. 5 mill, longa, 4 lata.

55. C. pleurophorum Pfr. (383.) — T. umbilicata,
globoso-lurbinata, tenuis, longimdinaliter conferte striata
et coslulis filaribus, prominentioribus sculpta, diaphana,
parum nitida, albido-fulvescens; spira turbinata, apice
acutiuscula, cornea; sutura cosfis denticulata; anfr. 5 con-
vexi , ultimus subteres, antice breviter solutus; umbilicus
mediocris, profundus, angulo cariniformi cinctus; apertura
subverticalis, ovato-subcircularis; perist. continuum, sim-
plex, rectum, margine columellari expansiusculo. — Diam.
maj. 11, min. 9V3J alt. 92/3 mill. /»«*

56. C. pa Hid urn Pfr. (388.) — T. perforate, ovato-
turrita, truncate, tenuis, lineis elevatis spiralibus & con-
fenissimis longitudinalibus (hie illic irregularibus , sub-
confluentibus) minute decussata, pallide cornea, lineolis
rufis interruptis obsolete picta; sutura profunda, subsim-
plex; anfr. sup. 4 convexi, ultimus rotundatus; apertura
verticalis, ovali-circularis; perist. duplex: internum album,
porrectum, expansiusculum , externum dilatatum, horizon-
taliter patens, concentrice striatum, anfractui penultimo
breviter adnatum, margine sinistro angustiore. — Long.
17%, diam. 8V2 mill. Ap. 5 mill, longa, 4l/2 lata. -^t

57. C. Kusteri Pfr. (389.) — T. perforate, ovato-
turrita, truncata, tenuis, sulcis spiralibus & costulis longilu-
dinalibus coufertis regulariter granulato- reticulate, sub-
aspera, vix nitens, diaphana, fusco-cornea , lineis obsole-
tis rufis interruptis picta; spira convexo-turrita, late trun-
cata; sutura profunda, simplex; anfr. sup. 4 convexi,
ullimus angustior, rotundatus; apertura subverticalis, sub-
circularis; perist. duplex: internum breviter expansum,
adnalum, externum campanulato- expansum, concentrice
striatum, antice concaviim, rufo-radiatum, superne angu-

6?

lalum, ad. anfr. penult, angustatum. — Long. 14, diain.
7 mill. Ap. 4 mill, longa. /6 r'cX 0.^3

58. C. radula Pfr. (390.) — T. perforata, ovato-
oblonga , truncata, lenuis, lineis elevatis spiralibus et cos-
tis acutis longitudinalibus subtiliter asperato-decussata, non
nitens, pallide cornea, fasciis angustis interruptis rufis
ornata; spira sursum altenuata, late truncata; sutura pro-
funda, eubsimplex; anfr, sup. 4 convexi, ultimus angustior,
rotundatus; apertura veriicalis, circulars; perist, duplex:
internum continuum, vix porreetum, externum dilatatum,
horizontaliier patens, concentrice striatum, ad anfractum
penultimum subexcisum, margine sinistro fimbria,to-inciso. —
Long. 14, diam. 7 mill. Ap. 4 mill, longa. ^<**v<>-^

59. C. lugubre Pfr. (395.) — T. perforata, turrito-
oblonga, solida, truncata, liris obtusis spiralibus costu-
lisque submernbranaceis illas transgredientibus sculpta,
fuscula, violaceo-fusco late unif'asciata; spira parum atte-
nuate; sutura eonfertim et subacute fasciculato-crenata; anfr.
sup. 5 convexiusculi, ultimus antice breviter solutus, sub-
descendens, dorso compressus, basi distinctius spiraliter
liratus; apertura verticalis, oblique ovalis; perist. subsini-
plex, continuum, margine sinistro breviter, reliquis paulo
latius expansis, subundulatis. — Long. 16, diam. fere 7
mill. Ap. oblique 5 mill, longa, 4 lata.

60. C. Grateloupi Pfr. (402.) - T. perforata, ob-
longa, pupiformis, truncata, tenuiuscula, spiraliter confertim
sulcata et costis longitudinalibus, confertis uon interruptis
sculpta, diaphana, parum nitida, corneo albida, fasciis stri-
gatim interruptis castaneis ornata ; spira sursum parum atte-
nuata, late truncata; sutura levis, crenata: crenis superne
minutis, confertis, in anfr. ultimis fasciculatim dilalatis, ob-
lusis; anfr. 4 vix convexiusculi, ultimus antice breviter so-
lutus, basi rotundatus; apertura verticalis, ovalis; perist, du-
plex: internum breviter expansum, adnatum, externum cam-
panulato-patens , rufo radiatum , superne cucullatim eleva-

68

turn, turn emarginatum et anfractui penultimo adnatum. —
Long. 16, diam. 7 mill. Ap. intus 5 mill, longa.

61. C. fallax Pfr. (404.) — T. rimata, oilongo-
turrita, truncata, tenuis, spiralitcr obtuse lirata, lineis
longitudinalibus confertioribus (octava vel decima quavis
sub lente validiorc) decussata, non scabra, vix nitidula,
albida, lineis flexuosis, interruptis fulvis picta- spira sub-
convexo-turrita; sutura minute fasciculato-crenata; anfr.
superst. 4 — 4*/2 convexiusculi , ulfimus rotundatus, infra
medium fascia fulva ornatus, antice longe solutus, circa
rimam umbilicalem vix spiraliter sulcatus; apertura sub-
verticalis, ovalis; perist. album, duplex: internum expan-
siusculum, incumbens, externum breve, undique subae-
qualiter patens, superne angulatum. — Long. 14, diam.
6V2 mill- Ap. inlus 4J/2 mill, longa, 32/s lata.

62. C. trochleare Pfr. (409.) — T. perforata, ob-
longo-turrita, truncata, costis filaribus spiralibus et longi-
tudinalibus subregulariter clathrata, baud nitens, pallide
fuscula, punctis rufis subseriatis variegata; spira elongata,
trochlearis, late truncata; sutura profunda, simplex; anfr. sup.
5 perconvexi, ultimus antice subsolutus; apertura verti'
calis, subcircularis; perist. duplex: internum vix porrec-
tum, externum horizontaliter expansum, superne in ros-
trum recurvatum dilatatum, ad anfr. penult, breviter inter-
ruptum, latere sinistro inciso - crenulatum. — Long. 14,
diam. 6 mill. Ap. 4 mill, longa.

63. C. Cumanense Pfr. (417.) - T. perforata,
turrito-oblonga , truncata , tenuis, longitudinaliter confertim
plicata, sericea, pellucida, corneo-lutescens, maculis cas-
taneis fasciatim dispositis ornata; sutura plicis excurren-
tibus confertim subcrenata; anfr. sup. 5 subconvexi, ulti.
mus basi rotundatus, antice breviter solutus, dorso ca-
rinatus; apertura subverticalis, ovalis, superne subangu-
lata; perist. liberum, simplex, undique vix expansum. —
Long. 15, diam. 7V2 mill. Ap. 51/* mill, longa, 4!/2 lata.

~fo 6cO^v-»^v*Of

69

64. C. turrit urn Pfr. (425.) — T. subperforata, tur-
rita, truncatula, lineis elevatis spiralibus et longitudinali-
bus regulariter clathrata, albida, lineolis rufis interrupts
cincta; sutura subprofunda, confertim denticulata; anfr.
superst. 6 convexiusculi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus
rotundatus, basi liris validis spiralibus munitus; apertura
verticalis, ovalis, intus fulvida; perist. subduplex: internum
continuum, expansiusculum, externum superne angulato-
dilatatum, margine dextro vix patens, columellari et si-
nistro excisum. — Long. 16, diam, 7 mill. Ap. 5 mill,
longa , 4 lata. #i^d**,**>

65. C. diaphanum Pfr. (427.) — T. subperforata,
oblougo-turrita , truncata, tenuiuscula, lineis elevatis spi-
ralibus, confertis, costulisque illas transgredientibus filari-
bus confertioribus decussata, diaphana, unicolor albida;
spira elongata; sutura irregulariter crenata; anfr, (sup.)
4Y» convexi, subaequales, ultimus antice solutus, dorso
carioatus, basi rotundatus, distinctius spiraliter sulcatus;
apertura verticalis, angulato- ovalis; perist. subsimplex,
continuum , undique breviter expansum. — Long. 12, diani.
5 mill. Ap. intus 3r/2 mill, longa, 3 lata.

66. C. jucundum Pfr. (428.) — T. perforata, ovato-
turrita, tenuis, lineis spiralibus et longiludinalibus chor-
daeformibus anguste reticulata, subscabra, vix nitidula,
aurantio-rubicunda; spira turrita, vix truncatula- sutura
confertim denticulata, anfr. 6 — 7 modice convexi, regu-
lariter accrescentes, ultimus circa perforationem liris non-
nullis validioribus munitus; apertura parum obliqua, irre-
gulariler ovalis, intus concolor, nitida; perist. duplex:
internum expansiusculum, incumbens, latere sinistro le-
vissime arcuato, externum continuum, horizontaliter pa-
tens, anfr. penultimo breviter adnatum, infra perforationem
angustatum. —Long. 18, diam. 8V2 mill. Ap. intus 6 mill-
longa, 4% lata.

67. C. harp a Pfr. (431.) — T. breviter rimala, ob-

70

longo-turrita , tenuiuscula, plicis longitudinalibus chordae-
formibus subdistantibus munita, cinnamomeo-carnea, baud
nitens, lineis rufis strigatim interruptis ornata; spira tur-
rita, integra, sursum nigro-violacea, apice obtusa; sutura
profunda, plicis prominentibus subcrenata ; anfr. 6 convexi,
ultimus rotundatus; apertura vertical is, ovali-subcircularis;
perist. rubellum, duplex: internum expansiusculum, appres-
sum, externum undique vix dilatato-patens, anfractui penul-
timo breviter adnatum. — Long. 12, diam. 6 mill. Ap. 4
mill, longa, 3YS lata. A> C« (^J

68. Cyclost. integrumPfr. (432.)— T. perforata,
turrita, tenuiuscula, integra, lineis obsolete elevatis spira-
libus & costulis confertis longitudinalibus (tertia vel quarta
quavis validiore) subdecussata , fulvida, fasciis interruptis
rufis cingulata^ spira regulariter turrita, apice obtusiuscula;
sutura subconferte denticulata; anfr. 7 convexi, 2 primi
laevigali, ultimus rotundatus, antrorsum! breviter solutus,
vix descendens, basi rotundatus, fasciis 2 — 3 continuis
rufis ornatus; apertura vix obliqua, ovalis; perist. subdu.
plicatum: internum continuum, adnatum, externum patens,
superne subangulato-dilatatum, turn emarginatum, latere co-
lumellari undulatum. — Long. 12, diam. 5 mill. Ap. intus
3% mill, longa, 3 lata. W*^ **>*&**

69. Cyclost. Shuttleworthi Pfr. (437.) ~ T.
clause umbilicata, oblonga, truncata, spiraliter confertim
plicata, lineis longitudinalibus obsolete decussata, sericea,
pallidissime fulvida, fasciis valde interruptis castaneis or-
nata; spira oblonga; anfr. (superst.) 3 convexiusculi , ul-
timus basi rotundatus; apertura verticalis, angulato-ovalis;
perist. duplex: internum breve, expansiusculum, externum
late patens, concentrice striatum, radiatim plicatum, et
castaneo-radiatum, ad columellam excisum, lamina alba
fornicata umbilicum prorsus claudens. — Long. 22, diam.
llVa mill. Ap. intus 8 mill, longa, 6 lata. ^tt^W

70. Cyclostoma multiliratum Pfr. (461.) —

71

T. perforate , ovato-conica, solidula, liris elevatis acutius-
culis, subconferlis, mediana et basali validiorihus sculpta,
opaca, rubello-carnea; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 5V2)
super! subplani, ultimus convexior; apertura parum obliqua?
angulato-ovalis; perist. simplex, rectum, marginibus appro-
ximatis, columellari superne emarginato, deorsum dilatato,
reflexiusculo. — Long. 8!/2? diam. 5 mill. Ap. 4 mill
longa, 3 lata.

71. Cyclost globosum Bens. mss. (462.) — T.
umbilicata, globoso - conica , tenuis, subtilissime striatula,
diapbana, non nitens, cinnamomea, maculis opacis albidis
subfasciatim dispositis ornata; spira eonica, apice pera-
cuta; anfr. 6, superi vix convex), ultimus globosus, carina
basali subtili, filari; apertura parum obliqua, ovalis; peris(.
simplex, marginibus fere contiguis, dextro perarcuato, co-
lumellari medio dilatato, patente. — Long^Jl^d^am. 5 mill.
Ap. 4 mill, longa, 3VS lata. . ! ^t^v^4-

72. Cyclost. plicosum Pfr. (463.) — T. perfo-
rata, ovafo-conica, tenuis, longitudinaliter conferd'm plicata,
sericea , rubello-cornea ; spira conica, acuta ; anfr. 5 con-
vexiusculi, ad suturam crenulati, ultimus spiram subae-
quans., rotundatus, circa perforationem angustam compresse
subcarinatus; apertura vix obliqua, ovalis; perist. simplex,
rectum, marginibus approximalis, columellari reflexius-
culo.—Long. 6, diam. 4 mill. Ap. 3 mill, longa, 2V3 lata.

73. Cyclost. expansilabre Pfr. (464.) — T. vix
perforate, ovato-conica, tenuis, sublaevigata, parum nitida,
pallide lutea, corneo minutissime variegata et fascia 1 rufa
infra medium (rarius 2) cincta; spira elevato-conica, apice
acutiuscula; anfr. 6 vix convexi, ultimus medio & basi
filo-carinatus; apertura obliqua, ovalis; perist. undique
subaequaliter breviterque expansum, album ,; marginibus
subdistanlibus. — Long. 5Va, diam. 3 mill. Ap. 2 mill-
longa, l'/2 lata. v &*+**+*+&•***

74. Cyclost. helicinaeforme Pfr. (465.) -- T.

72

obtecte umbilicata, conoideo-globosa, solidula, s(riatula9
parum nitens, virenti -cornea- spira parvula, conoidea^
acutiuscula; anfr. 6 convexiusculi, ultimus inflalus, antice
subascendens, pone columellam profunde excavatus, cal-
losus; apertura subverticalis, angulato-ovalis; columella
subverticalis, retrorsum in dentem acutum desinens; perist.
incrassatum, album, undique late expansum, reflexiusculum.
— Diam. maj. 17V2> min. 13, alt. 11 mill. *<1*^

75. Cyclost. patera Pfr. (468.) — T. latissime
umbilicata, solidula, discoidea, liris latis granulatis, inter-
positis linearibus sculpta, epidermide olivaceo - fusca ob-
ducta; spira plana; sutura subcanaliculata; anfr. 4r/2 pla-
nulati, ultimus medio carina filiformi munitus, basi con-
vexus, circa umbilicum pateraeformem subangulatus;
apertura verticalis, subangulato-rotundata, perist. simplex,
rectum, marginibus approximatis. — Diam. maj. 10, min.
8, alt 2l/2 mill.

76. C. rostra turn Pfr. (399.) - T. perforata,
ovato - turrita , truncata, tenuis, longitudinaliter confertim
filoso - plicata (plicis singulis irregulariter positis , validio-
ribus, interstitiis subtiliter decussatis), corneo-albida, li-
neolis longitudinalibus undulatis fuscis picta; sutura levis,
denticulata; anfr. sup. 4V» parum convexi, ultimus antice
brevitersolutus; apertura verticalis, angulato-ovalis; perist,
duplex: internum continuum, expansiusculum , externum
dilatatum, juxta anfr. penultimum subexcisum, superne in
auriculam recurvatam productum, caeterum rectangule
patens. — Long. 18, diam. 8'2/s mill. Ap. intus 6 mill,
longa, 5 lata.

77. C. euchilum Pfr. (303.) — T. umbilicata, tur-
binato-subglobosa, solidula, oblique confertim striata, lineis
impressis distantioribus obsolete clathratula, parum nitida,
albida, violaceo-fusco & fulvo variegata; spira lurbinato-
elevata, apice acutiuscula^ anfr. 5!/2 convexi, rapide ac-
crescentes, ultimus rotundatus, ad suturam subdepressus,

73

inedio albo- fasciatus, basi confertim & valide spiraliter
sulcalus; umbilicus mcdiooris, infiindibuliformis; aperiura
vix obliqua, subangulato-circularis, intus purpuraerenti-
carneo micans; perist. subcontinuum, album, marginibus
supmie dilatatis, callo subemarginato junclis, dexlro &
basali latissimis, fornicatim revolutis, sinistro angustato,
vix reflexo. - Diam. maj. 43, min. 32, alt. 28 mill. Ap.
intus 18 mill, longa, 17 Uta./£<|L*U4C*«**i

78. C. Orbignyi Pfr. (190.) — T. ' perforata, elongato-
pupoidea, solida, conferlim arcuato-striata, rubello-fulva;
spira subcylindrica, sensim attenuata, apice conica ; sutura
profunda ; anfr. 8 vix convexi, penultimus latus, ultimus
fascia lata violacea, anlrorsum evanescente ornalus, basi
crista compressa, obtus.i munitus; apertura verticalis, cir-
cularis; perist. incrassatum, subreflexum, superne appres-
sum, infra crislam anfr. penult, subexcisum. — Long. 27,
diam. 9 mill. f$~**fy,

79. C. chrysallis Pfr. (191.) — T. umbilicata,
distorto-ovata, solida, striatula ct punctato-malleata, fusco-
carnea; spira irregulariter ovata , apice conoidea, acu-
tiuscula; sutura levis; anfr. 6 convexiusculi, penultimus
latere aperturali planulatus, ultimus angustior; apertura
verticalis, circularis; perist. crassum, dilatatum, patens,
Teflexum, marginc supero linea horizontali adnalo, — Long.
16, diam. 9 mill. Ap. intus 4 mill, longa. ., ^-t--f ^~- "

Addenda et Corrigenda.

p. 20 adde:

186 a. M. Mani Poey (Cydostoma Poey Mem. hist. nat. Cuba I t 7

f. 19-22. Pfr. Ic. N. 387. t. 47. f 29-31.) _ Cuba.
p. 21. lin. 6, post : Hniti adde : (78.)
lin. 8, post : Arva adde : (79.)

p. 22. lin. penult, lege : Forbes in Voy. Ramesii:,ke. App. p. 380. t 2 f. 10
p. 23 adde:

208 a. P. Thomsoni Forb. Voy. Rattlesnake. App. p. 381. t. 3. f. 2 -

Ins. \Fitzroy.

p. 25. lin. 14, lege: Choanopoma.
Hn. 24, lege:

223. Ch. mac turn Poey Mem. hist. nat. Cuba I. t. 8. f. 6—12 fC ma-

jusculum Mor. mss.)

p 33. liu. ult., post: Madagascar adde: (77.)
p.? 49. Delcantur lin. 1—8.

\l -3

^*

Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California and the
Pacific Coasts of Mexico and California. By AUGUSTUS
A. GOULD, M. D.

DURING the recent war with Mexico, several valuable col-
lections of shells were made by officers of the navy and army
engaged on the Pacific coast of Mexico and California, and
along the Gulf of California. Three of these have been sub-
mitted to me for examination. They were made by Col. E.
Jewett and Maj. William Rich, of the army, and Lieut.
Thomas P. Green, of the navy. The coast visited extended
from Panama, 8° 49' N. to San Francisco, about 37° 20' N. ;
and the other principal localities explored were, on the Mexi-
can coast, Acapulco, Mazatlan, San Jose, and Guaymas,
(28° N.) ; La Paz, about 24° 30' N. and San Juan, 27° N.
on the west coast of the Gulf; and San Pedro, San Diego,
Santa Barbara, and Monterey, on the California coast. The
number of species from Col. Jewett was about 225 ; from
Maj. Rich, 130 ; from Lieut. Green, 200 ; in all, perhaps,
400 species ; and as they were collected alive by the gentle-
men themselves, and their localities carefully noted at the
time, they become very valuable when considered in the light
of geographical distribution. It would be interesting to pub-
lish the whole list ; and perhaps this may be done at some
future period. It has already been done so far as respects
those species which were found at Panama, and at other
places in common with Panama, by the late Prof. C. B.
Adams, in his very interesting work on the shells of Panama.
Several very curious facts derived from a comparison of these
Pacific species with the shells of the Gulf of Mexico might
here be stated ; but it is our present purpose to give descrip-
tions and figures of the new species, so far as the prescribed
limits of the paper will admit. Brief characters of some of
I

them have already been given in the Proceedings of the Soci-
ety for November, 1851 ; they are here amplified and mostly
accompanied with figures.

BULIMUS VESICALIS (PI. XIV. Fig. 1.)

Testa tenuis, lactea, ovoidea, striatula, vix perforata ; spira brevis, anfracti-
bus 5£, ultimo clliptico quadrantes tres longitudinis testas adequante ; apertura
dimidiam long, adequans, lunata ; labro simplici ; columella reflexa.

Shell ovoid, thin, milk white, delicately and regularly striate ;
spire short, whorls 5£, inflated, the last one more than three fourths
the length of the shell, nearly symmetrical in form at both extre-
mities; aperture somewhat more than half the length of the shell,
narrow lunate ; lip simple ; columella broadly reflected over a nar-
row umbilical fissure ; a thin glazing of callus on left lip.

Length an inch and a fourth ; breadth seven tenths of an inch.

Inhabits Lower California. Maj. Rich.

Form and size of B. apodemetes, D'Orb., which has variegated
colors, a broader base and larger aperture. It is somewhat like
B. coturniX) and more especially like B. oblalus Gould.

BULIMUS VEGETUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 2.

T. solidula, elongato-ovata, alba, striatula, perforata ; spira elevata, anfract.
sex, (sutnr& impressa) ultimo dimidiam longitudinis testae superante, tumido,
subgibboso ; apertura subovata ; labio subcontinuo, reflexo, faucibus stramineis.

Shell rather solid, elongate, ovate, white, faintly striate ; spire
acuminate ; whorls six, convex, suture well impressed, last whorl
three fourths the length of the shell, tumid and somewhat gibbous
on the back ; aperture placed somewhat laterally, half the length of
the shell, suboval, its plane nearly that of the axis, extremities of
the lip approximate ; lip moderately reflexed at base, still less so
laterally, rising broadly at the columella, and standing off from the
body whorl ; umbilical opening large and deep, subcircular ; fauces
cream colored.

Length an inch and a half ; breadth nearly one inch.

Inhabits San Juan, Gulf of California. Lieut. Green.

Belongs to the group with B. sordidus. Its form is like that of

B. rhodolarynX) which, however, has a more circular aperture and
different coloration.

BULIMUS EXCELSUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 3.)

T. elongato-ovata, acumiuata, solidiuscula, laevis, fulvida, albido strigata;
spira clevata, peracuta, anfr. septem ultimo trientes duos long, vix aequante :
aper tura tricntem long, adequans, subovata ; labro albo antice revoluto, sub-
continuo, ad columellam expanso, fissuram latam obtegente.

Shell ovate-fusiform, rather solid, smooth, pale coffee colored,
with unequal longitudinal strigae of white shading into each other,
white at suture ; spire acute, elongated ; whorls seven, moderately
convex, the last not quite two thirds the length of the shell ; aper-
ture less than half the length of the shell, obliquely subovate, lip soon
becoming revolute, broadly so in front, rising, a little narrowed, by
a somewhat abrupt curve upon the columella, and expanding again
as it rises, until the two extremities of the lip nearly meet ; the
columellar portion stands off* from the body whorl, displaying a large
umbilical fissure ; lip white, with a brown submargin at the point of
reflection.

Length If inch ; breadth f inch.

Inhabits California. Maj. Rich.

This shell has very much the appearance of B. Lobbii, Reeve,
from Peru ; but the aperture is larger and differently proportioned ;
the colors are less bright, the stripes broader and more blended.
B. pallidior, Sowb., has the aperture more like it, but is colorless,
and has the spire less elongated. In form it is also much like B.
xantlwstoma, D'Orb. It has the form of B. membranaceus, but is
much larger and thicker.

ACMJEA PALEACEA (PI. XIV. Fig. 5.)

T. parva, tenuis, elongata, lateraliter valde compressa et triangularis, ad
dorsum utroque costis obtusis ornata ; apice acuto prope trientem anteriorem
longitudinis sito ; color straminea, vel cinnamomea.

Shell minute, delicate, thin, elongated, laterally compressed, so
that the two sides are parallel ; dorsal aspect a long, narrow oval ;
lateral aspect low triangular ; apex at about the anterior third,
acute, antrorse ; surface with delicate lines of growth, and a few

obtuse radiating ridges along the dorsal slope at each end : color
straw yellow, or cinnamon brown.

Length % inch ; height y1^ inch ; breadth -^ inch.

On kelp or stems of Zoophytes, Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

This curious little shell can be compared with no other species,
unless it be A. alveus^ which is still comparatively much broader.
It has much the size and shape of a glume of wheat.

CREPIDULA EXPLANATA (PI. XIV. Fig. 7.)

T. unguiformis, elongata, calcarea, apice terminal! ; antice angustata, trun-
cata, denticulo mediano armata ; marginibus ex lamellis disjunctis alveolatis ;
dorso concavo ; intus porcellana, lateribus incurvatis ; septum dimidiam long.
testae metiens, valde arcuatum, margine concavo.

Shell unguiform, long and gradually narrowing, incurved, apex
acute, terminal and median ; tip truncate, with a denticle at the
middle ; sides apparently having a portion clipped off, presenting
the edges of the lamellae of growth which have been separated
from each other so as to give a cancellate appearance ; the edges are
thus thickened and raised, so that the back of the shell is a concave
trough. Exterior, dead white. Interior, polished porcelain white,
the edges very slightly incurved, scarcely forming a cavity. Sep-
tum extending nearly half the length of the shell, remarkably
arched, its free edge slightly concave.

Length 1£ inch ; breadth £ inch ; height £ inch.

Inhabits Monterey. Lieut. Green. Lower California. Maj.
Rich.

A very curious shell, which, from its structure, must have resided
in tubes of some sort, perhaps those made by Pholas. Its most
remarkable characters are the loose and cancellate structure of its
edges, the truncate and dentate tip, and the excavated back as if
made by a gouge.

BULL A (AKERA) CULCITELLA (PL XIV. Fig. 8.)

T. sttbcylindracea, solkhila, albida, spiraliter concinn£ striata, epidermide
stramineo induta ; anfr. quinque, ultimo elongato subfusiformi, antice rotun-
dato, supernis spiram conicam efformantibus ; sutura profunde canaliculata :
apertura linearis, antrorsum dilatata ; columella valde contorta, uniplicata ; labro
postice sensim recedente.

Shell ovoid-cylindrical, rather solid, bluish white, covered by a
rough straw colored epidermis : whorls five, the anterior one elon-
gated, somewhat fusiform, rounded anteriorly, sculptured with fine,
close-set revolving striae, more distinctly indicated when the epider-
mis is present ; the four posterior whorls form a conical spire, hav-
ing a suture so profound that they seem invaginated and quite
detached from each other. Aperture linear, widening anteriorly,
and in front somewhat trigonal. Inner lip formed by a sharp, very
prominent, abruptly twisted white fold, with a submarginal excava-
tion, terminating acutely in front, in such a manner as almost to
form a canal.

Found by Col. Jewett at Santa Barbara.

Length one inch ; breadth one fourth of an inch.

There is no species described approaching to this, except B.
tennis^ Adams, which differs widely in its proportions. The re-
markable columellar fold would almost bring it within the genus
Tornatella, but its general characters decide in favor of Bulla. It
may most properly be placed in the subgenus Akera, though some
of its abnormal characters bring it in close alliance with Tornatina.

BULLA (TORNATINA) CEREALIS (PL XIV. Tig. 9.)

T. parva, ovoideo-fusiformis, solidula, eburnea, levigata ; spira exserta, tabu-
lata, mamillata ; anfr. quatuor ; apertura angusta, antrorsum dilatata, labro ad
medium saliente, postice sensim approximante, et ante suturam coadunato ; co-
lumella callosa, plied valida instructa.

Shell minute, solid, ovoid fusiform, ivory while and polished ;
spire prominent, composed of three or four whorls rising by regular
grades, and mamillate at tip ; aperture linear above, gradually wid-
ening forwards ; the outer lip, salient at the middle, and very gradu-
ally approaching the body of the whorl posteriorly, unites to it
before reaching the suture ; columellar margin callous its whole
length, with a strong fold at base.

Length one fifth of an inch ; breadth one twelfth of an inch.

Found at Santa Barbara by Col. Jewett.

In form and size this shell is scarcely to be distinguished from
B. graciliS) A. Adams, which, however, is described as horn co-
lored, and covered with revolving striae ; whereas this is ivory white,
and exhibits no strise whatever when much magnified. In terms it

agrees with the description of B. infrequens, C. B. Adams, and I
should not presume to consider it different, had it not been examined
by Prof. Adams himself.

PHYSA ELATA (PI. XIV. Fig. 4.)

T. tenuissima, ovato-lanceolata, levigata, nitida, dilute cornea, ad suturam
decolorata ; spira acuta, anfr. sex, convexiusculis, ultimo octantes septem longi-
tudinis equante, antice angustato ; apertura angusta, trientes duos long, ade-
quans ; columella vix plicata.

Shell lanceolate ovate, very thin, smooth and glistening, pale
horn color, colorless at suture ; spire acute ; whorls nearly six, dis-
tinct, slightly convex, the last one seven eighths the length of the
shell, ellipsoidal, nearly symmetrical at the ends ; aperture three
fourths the length of the shell, narrow obovate-lunate, acutely
rounded anteriorly ; having on the pillar an imperfect fold, and a
very thin callus on the body whorl.

Length seven eighths of an inch ; breadth three eighths of an inch ;
length of aperture five eighths of an inch.

Inhabits Lower California. Maj. Rich.

An elongated species almost as slender as P. hypnorum, though
very much larger, highly polished, with a very long aperture ; pil-
lar region tumid.

SIGAEETUS DEBILIS (PL XIV. Fig. 17.)

T. parva, tenuis, lucida, depressa, mellea, striis numerosissimis obtusis vol-
ventibus, supernis majoribus, insculpta ; spira superficiei general! congruens ;
anfr. duobus ; apice ad quadrantem diametris sito : angulo ad peripheriam
obtuso, versus aperturam sensim evanido ; labio antice dilatato.

Shell small, much depressed, thin, almost pellucid, pale honey-
yellow color ; whorls two, spire almost coincident with the general
surface, apex at one fourth the diameter of the shell ; periphery
obtuse-angular, becoming more so as it approaches the aperture ;
ventral surface excavated at the umbilical region, with a slight
unappressed lamina at that point ; margin of the aperture having a
very slight advance in the outline, as it approaches the peripheral
angle ; surface with very numerous and very delicate, obtusely
excavated revolving striae, much finer on the ventral than on the
dorsal face.

Long diameter seven eighths of an inch ; short diameter not quite
half an inch ; height one fifth of an inch.

Inhabits La Paz, Gulf of California. Lieut. Green.

It has the form of S. haliotoideus, and is nearly as smooth as £
levigatus. It is about the size of S. planus^ and has the compressed
form of S. depressus. Its honey-yellow color is peculiar.

NARICA OVOIDEA (PI. XIV. Fig. 10.)

T. ovoidea, solida, albida, costis planulatis politis*ad 11 cincta, interspatiis
duplo angustioribus concinne clathratis ; spira acuta, anfr. 4, superne tabulatis,
ultimo magno, ovato : apertura ovata ; labro crenulato ; columella tenui, an-
trorsum concava, plica mediana instructa ; umbilico conspicuo, profundo.

Shell ovoid, solid, dingy white, surrounded with well marked
grooves and square shining ribs, about eleven on the large whorl
and five on the others, the grooves about half the width of the ribs,
and delicately clathrate with longitudinal bars ; spire acute, whorls
four, shouldered above, the last whorl composing the greater part of
the shell. Aperture half the length of the shell, ovate, ribs render-
ing the outer lip crenate ; inner lip rather sharp, concave in front,
slightly attached to the whorl above and having a delicate fold at
the middle. Umbilicus well marked and deep.

Length seven twentieths of an inch ; breadth three twentieths of
an inch.

Purchased at Mazatlan. Col. Jewett.

This curious shell it is difficult to classify ; perhaps there is no
genus now defined which can properly receive it. Littorina(?)
angistoma and excavata C. B. Adams, seem to belong to the same
group.

TEREBRA ARGUTA (PL XIV. Fig. 19.)

T. parva, acicularis, nitida, plicis longitudinalibus rectis acutis ad 10 ornata,
interspatiis concavis ; albida prope suturam fusco zonata, et intcrdum lineis
flexuosis picta ; apertura angusta, lunaris ; anfr. 8 planulatis, ultimo ad basim
spiraliter striato.

Shell small, acicular, very acute and slender, glistening, com-
posed of about eight flattened whorls, having on each about ten
acute longitudinal folds, the spaces between fluted ; a few spiral
lines around the base of the last whorl ; aperture narrow lunate,

8

white or yellowish, with a more or less distinct dusky band near
the suture, and sometimes pale flexuous lines on the larger whorls.

Length five eighths of an inch ; breadth one eighth of an inch.

This elegant little shell is distinguished by its small size and
slender form, and its simple fluted surface without revolving lines.
It has much the for/m and surface of T. nitida, but the size of
T. fictilis and nassoides.

TROCHUS MARCIDUS (PL XIV. Fig. 11.)

T. pyramidalis, solidula, vix striata, rufo-viridis ; anfract. quinque plaiiulatis
ad suturam vix discretis ; basis subplana, lams, umbilico amplo profundo in-
fundibuliformi, juxta aperturam partim tecto ; apertura subrhombea, perobli-
qua; operculum tenuc.

Shell of moderate size, strictly pyramidal, the distinction of the
whorls being scarcely marked at the sutures; surface with fine
incremental stria3, of a dull brownish and green color. Whorls
about five, quite flat, the large one sharply angular at periphery.
Base very slightly convex, highly polished and silvery near the
aperture and around the umbilicus, which is deep, large and broadly
infundibuliform, partially covered on the side of the aperture by a
thin plate of shell, the margin of the funnel being indicated by an
obtuse angle. Operculum very thin, of a dark amber color.

Axis seven eighths of an inch ; diameter of base one and one
eighth of an inch.

Inhabits Monterey. Lieut. Green.

In color and general appearance this shell would not at first sight
be distinguished from T. Montereyi, Kiener ; but it is a smaller and
less elevated pyramid ; and the base differs altogether in its per-
fectly plain, broadly tunnel-shaped umbilicus, and its entirely sim-
ple lip throughout.

TROCHUS PICOIDES.

Among the specimens obtained from Col. Jewett, was one from
Santa Barbara, which would at first glance be pronounced to be T.
pica. Being unprepared to see this species from the Pacific shores,
I was led to make particular inquiry as to the certainty of its having
been obtained alive at that place, and being satisfied on that point,
I obtained the loan of three of the five specimens brought home.

9

On a critical comparison of the California with W. India specimens,
the following differences seem to be constant, so far as these speci-
mens are concerned.

W. INDIA.

Form strictly pyramidal.

Whorls very slightly convex, suture
somewhat constricted.

Surface, corrugate or undate at right
angles with the lines of increment.

Flammules confused or blotched.

Base with no tendency to distinct tes-
sellation.

Lip black at edge, submargin dead
white.

Aperture very oblique, its lip regularly
sloping from junction to periphery.

Columellar tooth well marked.

Columettar lip somewhat sinuous.

CALIFORNIA.

A more elevated pyramid.

Whorls decidedly convex and more

girt in at the suture.
Surface without undulations but girdled

by a few obsolete ridges on the last

whorl.

Figurations well defined.
Base more or less tessellated with

ranges of squarish black spots.
Lip nacreous and iridescent to the

margin.

Aperture less oblique, lip arched.
Columellar tooth obsolete ; inner lip

forming a regular sweep.

As I have seen no young specimens from California, it is not
unlikely that some of the above diagnostic marks may not prove
constant in some stages, — the more elevated form, more convex
whorls, and destitution of undulations may be regarded as the most
important characters. I present this comparison for verification
when more numerous specimens shall have been obtained. Should
the differences prove constant, it will be one of the most remarkable
examples of analogous species from correlative regions.

TROCHUS (MOXODOXTA) PYRIFORMIS.

T. ovato-conica, crassa, striis obtusis remotis antice cincta, nigra, flavido
oblique et undulatim lineolata ; spira conica, anfr. sex convexiusculis, ad peri-
pheriam rotundatis ; basis convexa, fovea umbilicali albo-cincta notata, imper-
forata ; apertura circularis ; columella acuta, bidenticulata ; labro acuto nigro ;
cavositas alba.

Shell thick and heavy, elevated ovate pyramidal, eroded at tip,
without sculpture, bluish-black, or with a few obtuse revolving lines
on the last whorl, with numerous oblique, fine, undulating stripes
of yellowish crossing the lines of growth nearly at right angles.
Whorls six, slightly convex ; suture linear ; periphery of the last
whorl obtusely rounded ; base convex, white at centre, with a small
•2

10

umbilical indentation ; aperture sub-circular ; lip bevelled, sharp,
blue black; submargin dead white; columella white, acute, with
two denticles at lower part ; fauces silvery white.

Axis one and a half inches ; diameter one and one fourth inches.

Inhabits San Diego. Lieut. Green.

It has the shape, solidity, size, and coloring of T.fragarioides, Lk.
lugubris, Lk. It is distinguished by not having its colors arranged
in bands, in having an umbilical indentation, and two denticles on
the columella.

MODULUS DORSUOSUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 12.)

T. depressa^ovato-conica, solida, calcarea, ad peripheriam acuti et nodulosa,
supra obscure undulato-nodoso, infra conica, spiraliter insculpta ; apertura
sub-triangularis, labro acuto intus sulcato ; columella et dente rosaceis ; um-
bilico parvo, profundo.

Shell small, solid, depressed, ovate conic, dead white, the upper
whorls as it were eroded, the outer one angulate, flattened or a
little excavate above, varied with obsolete radiating folds by which
the periphery is rendered nodulous ; the nodules extend somewhat
on the conical base which is sculptured by about six spiral grooves,
one of which cuts the nodules. There are sometimes faint traces
of dusky markings between the tubercles and on the basal ridges.
Aperture subtriangular, lip sharp, grooved within ; umbilicus small;
tooth and columella tinted pale rose-red.

Diameters, transverse half an inch ; vertical nearly one third of
an inch.

Found at Acapulco. Col. Jeivett.

This species is not mentioned in M. Petit's recent list of the
species, but it approaches M. olliquus, and also M. duplicatus, both
of which are described as spirally grooved above, and the former
seems to have a sharp periphery.

CHEMNITZIA TENUICULA (PI. XIV. Fig. 15.)

T. gfacillima, lanceolata, nitida, cerina, infra suturam fuscescens ; anfr. 10
planulatis, tabulatis, longitudinaliter ad 20-plicatis, striis numerosis volventibus
leviter secatis ; basi modo spiraliter striata ; apertura angusta, ovata ; labro
acuto.

Shell small, elongated lanceolate, turreted, rather solid, shining,

11

wax yellow, a little dusky below the suture ; whorls ten, flat,
slightly shouldered above, marked by about twenty direct longitu-
dinal folds, the summits of which are cut by numerous fine revolv-
ing striae, deeper in the interstices, which also extend over the base
of the shell, though the folds terminate at the periphery or are
extended in delicate furrows. Aperture narrow ovate, lip sharp ;
revolving stria3 apparent in the aperture.

Length three tenths of an inch ; diameter one twentieth of an
inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

In structure and sculpture it may be compared with C. formosa.
It is, however, less accurately acicular, the posterior whorls de-
creasing more rapidly than the others.

CHEMXITZIA TORQUATA (PI. XIV. Fig. 16.)

T. solida, turrita, lactea ; anfrac. 8 convexiusculis, plicis longitudinalibus,
flexuosis, perobliquis ad IGornatis; anfractu ultimo subangulato, basi inor-
nata ; apertura subovata, labro incrassato.

Shell minute, turreted, solid, milk-white, composed of eight
moderately convex whorls, separated by a deep suture, each one
with about sixteen very oblique, somewhat flexuose folds, quite
well marked, not quite reaching the suture ; the spaces between do
not exhibit revolving lines. The last whorl is slightly angular at
periphery, at which point the folds terminate, and the base is quite
destitute of sculpture. Aperture subovate, lip thick ; columella
somewhat revolute, joining the lip below at nearly a right angle.

Length one fifth of an inch ; breadth one twentieth of an inch.

Obtained at Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

In form it is much like C. clathrata, but is smaller and has no
revolving lines, and the folds are much more oblique.

ODOSTOMIA GRAVIDA (PL XIV. Fig. 14.)

T. ovato-conica, elevata, eburnea, polita; spira acuta 5 anfr. 6 supra rotunda-
tis, ultimo subangulato, trientes duos testae adequante ; apertura ovata, an-
tice rotundata, postice acuta ; labro expanse ; plica columellari acuta, transversa,
umbilico parvo suffossa.

Shell small, ovate conic, elevated, ivory white, polished ; whorls
six, abruptly rounded above, rather flattened at the middle, the last

1-2

whorl two thirds the length of the shell ; slightly angular at peri-
phery ; suture delicate. Aperture ovate, rounded at base ; lip
slightly everted, with a constriction behind it ; spiral fold on the
columella nearly transverse, elevated, sharp-edged, and a small
umbilical opening is seen running under it.

Length one fourth of an inch ; diameter one tenth of an inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

Has most of the characters of 0. conoidea of Europe, but is per-
haps proportionally broader.

ODOSTOMIA ACHATES (PL XIV. Fig. 13.)

T. ovato-lanceolata, nitida, longitudinaliter striata, albida, maculis elongatis,
rubiginosis obscure zonata ; spira acuta, anfr. ad 9 vix convexis, ultimo dirni-
diam longitudinis adequante, basi rotundata et strict unicA submediana cinctA ;
apertura angusta, ovata, postice acuta ; columella plied mediana et duabus
minoribus anterioribus instructa.

Shell ovate lanceolate, shining, with distinct and rather distant
longitudinal stria? ; color, whitish near the suture and mottled with
pale rust color, arranged somewhat in bands of elongated spots ; spire
acute, more rapidly tapering at tip; whorls eight or nine, scarcely
convex, of which the last is half the length of the shell, entire and
rounded at base, having a single impressed line around the middle,
which runs up two or three whorls just behind the suture. Aper-
ture narrow ovate, rounded in front, acute behind ; lip acute ; colu-
mella with a very obvious fold at the middle, and two much smaller
ones between it and the base.

Length half an inch ; breadth three twentieths of an inch.

Inhabits Mazatlan. Col. Jewett.

At first sight this would be taken for a land shell, like some of
the slender and polished Achatinella. Its generic place is some-
what doubtful. It has not only the single fold of Monotigma and
Odostomia, but at least two others like Pyramidella. It will some
day be regarded as a distinct genus.

FUSUS AMBUSTUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 18.)

T. fusiformis, subequilateralis, dilute rufa, fusco tincta ; spira elongata, acuta,
anfract. ad octo convexis, subangulatis, liris crebris cinctis, et plicis conspicuis
ad octo ornatis, prope suturam constrictis j apertura parva ; rostro subrecto.

Shell fusiform, its largest diameter near the middle ; color yel-

13

lowish, shaded with brown, so as to appear as if scorched ; spire
acute, having as many as eight convex somewhat angular whorls,
which are girdled with elevated threads, and have about eight vari-
cose folds on each whorl disappearing on the last half of the anterior
whorl : suture deep, to which the upper part of each whorl gradu-
ally slopes. Aperture quite small, nearly semicircular, furrowed
within ; beak nearly straight, and with a very narrow channel.

Length one and three fourths of an inch ; diameter three fourths
of an inch.

From Mazatlan. Lieut. Green.

The only described species to which it bears any resemblance
are F. marmoratus, Phil, from Australia, which is twice as long,
more numerously ribbed, mottled in coloring, and with the whorls
more angular ; and jP. rostratus, from the Mediterranean, which is
smaller, and has remarkably rounded whorls with the folds extend-
ing to the suture.

ERATO LEUCOPH^EA (PI. XIV. Fig. 20.)

T. obovata. solida, subfusca, valde callosa. callo et basi eburncis ; anfr. ad
4 subangulatis, ultimo superne tabulate ; apertura angusta, labro antice exca-
vato, continue denticulate.

Shell obovate, solid, polished, of a livid drab color, the lip and
face ivory white. Whorls four or five, forming a low conical spire,
the outer whorl angularly rounded above ; lip thick, rising poste-
riorly somewhat above the body of the shell, slightly excavated ante-
riorly, and its inner margin very delicately toothed ; columellar
margin still more delicately toothed, with a conspicuous fold ante-
riorly.

Length one fourth of an inch ; breadth one fifth of an inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

Very closely resembling E. callosa, Adams (Voy. of Samarang)
differing chiefly in color, and the more delicate denticulations of the
aperture.

CONUS RAVUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 21.)

T. solida, ovoideo-conica, bulbosa, spiraliter argute striata et antice liris ele-
vatis alternis majoribus instructa. fulvida, epidermide fuscescente induta; spira

14

clcvata, convcxa. anfr. ad 8 vix cxcavatis, ultimi angulo rotunclato ; apertura
angusta antice vix dilatata, labro postice recedentc, intus violacescente.

Shell ovoid conic, bulbous, solid, surface with microscopic re-
volving lines, and on the anterior portion a few delicate, regularly
spaced, gradually increasing raised lines, alternately larger and
smaller; color uniform pale fawn, paler posteriorly, covered by a
smoky russet brown epidermis ; spire above the obtusely rounded
angle of the last whorl about one third the length of the shell ; out-
line slightly convex ; whorls seven or eight, slightly excavated,
suture delicate and simple ; aperture narrow, widening a little an-
teriorly ; lip very sharp, gradually retreating at its posterior junc-
tion ; interior faint purplish.

Length one and one third of an inch ; breadth three fourths of an
inch.

From Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

This species has the form of C. solidus, ccelebs, and Mozanilncus^
and more especially of C. fdbula Sovvb. But it differs in color
from all except C. ccdels, from the Philippine Islands, which shell
has distinct granular strise and is more slender. The color is nearly
that of C.figulinus.

CONUS COMPTUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 23.)

T. biconica, abbreviata, polita, antice scriebus granularum cincta, albida, ma-
culis castaneis picta, ct lincis volventibus articulatis ubique ornata ; spira qua-
drantem testas adequans ad peripheriam subcarinata ; anfr. ad 8, gradatim sur-
gentibus, vix excavatis, striatis : apertura angusta ; intus violacescens.

Shell accurately biconical, everywhere bound by right lines,
rather short, surface shining, girdled with distant series of granules
anteriorly, quite smooth elsewhere ; ground color bluish white,
clouded with chestnut blotches arranged somewhat longitudinally,
the lighter portions everywhere ornamented with delicate revolving
lines articulated with dead white and brown ; spire about one fourth
the length of the shell, the angle at its base acute and somewhat
carinate ; whorls eight or nine, rising by regular grades at the
suture, somewhat excavated and spirally striated ; coloring nearly
tessellated with white and brown ; aperture narrow, scarcely widen-
ing anteriorly, bluish within.

15

Length one and one fourth of an inch ; breadth three fourths of
an inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

Approaches in form C. orion and classiarius, both of which are
more elongated ; its proportions are, perhaps, more like C. fulgu-
rans. Its coloration is like some varieties of Cedo nulll, and C.
archon, or like the darker varieties of C. portoricanus. It is proba-
bly the species named by Menke, in his Catalogue of Mazatlan
Shells as C. acliatinus.

CONUS PUSILLUS (PI. XIV. Fig. 22.)

T. parva, conica, polita, seriebus ad octo granulorum remotornm antice
cincta ; spira planulata, anfr. 8 coronatis constructa ; alba, maculis obliquis
elongatis irregularibus aurantiacis bicincta ; apice rufo ; apertura angusta. line-
aris.

Shell quite small, conic, very slightly swollen posteriorly, sur-
face smooth, the anterior half having about eight circles of beads so
spaced as to form squares ; spire nearly level, composed of eight
coronate whorls divided by a spiral groove ; color white, with a
broad band of irregular, oblique elongated orange spots posteriorly,
a fainter one near the tip, and spots between the tubercles orange ;
tip dark orange ; aperture very narrow.

Length half an inch ; breadth three tenths of an inch.

Inhabits Mazatlan. Col. Jewett.

Allied to C. sponsalis, especially in coloring, but is smaller, with-
out convex outline, more elongated, spire much less elevated.
Nearly the same remarks apply to C. nanus, in which there is less
resemblance as to color. Its proportions are more like C. speciosis-
simus.

PHOLAS OVOIDEA (PL XV. Fig. 1.)

T. ovoidea, crassa, cinerea, postice valde hians et epidermide valde prolon-
gata. antice lamina calcarea clausa ; valvis ad extreraitates rotundatis, sulco
lato mediano partitis ; portione postica inornata ; portione antica laminis con-
centricis undulatis confertis et plicis radiantibus cancellata ; apicibus ad qua-
drantem anteriorem sitis ; apophysis cardinalis subulata, ad apicem excavata :
laminae apicales baud appressec, duplicate ; valvula; cardinales ?

Shell ovoid, rather solid, chalky white, very widely gaping be-
hind the beaks which are placed at the anterior fourth of the shell,

16

slightly gaping also in front, the anterior ventral opening mostly
closed by thick calcareous plates, one of which partially overlaps
the other, somewhat marked by converging ridges : both extremi-
ties broadly rounded ; disk of the valves divided by a broad sulcus
barred by the lines of growth, and passing from the beaks to the
middle of the ventral margin ; posterior portion unsculptured ; an-
terior portion ornamented with crowded, elevated, undulated con-
centric laminse, decussated by acute radiating ribs arranged some-
what in pairs ; in front of the beaks the dorsal margin is reflexed,
not appressed, and then doubled upon itself: cardinal valvulsB
missing ; interior yellowish white ; cardinal apophysis long, slender.
a little expanded and excavated towards extremity, directed ob-
liquely backwards. An extensive prolongation of the epidermis
closes the posterior margins and forms a long tube for the protec-
tion of the siphons.

Length three inches ; breadth one and three fourths inches ;
height two inches.

This shell is remarkable for its short ovoid form. It is closely
allied to P. crispata as to its wide gape and epidermal tube and its
general sculpture ; but the latter shell does not gape so widely, is
acute anteriorly, and has not its ventral gape closed by calcareous
plates. Pholas truncata is more cylindrical, truncate posteriorly
and acute anteriorly. P. concamerata is much smaller, tapers pos-
teriorly, slightly gaping, and is prolonged by corneous plates.

PETRICOLA BULBOSA (PI. XV. Fig. 5.)
Petricola lulbosa Gould: Proc. B. S. N. H. Nov. 1851, IV. 88.

T. solida, ovato-cuneata, postice hians, straminea, costis numerosis parvis
compressis radian tibus ornata ad interstitiis concentrice striatis : apicibus ad
trientem anteriorem tumid is ; latere antico subgloboso ; latere postico com-
presso, subtriangulari, ad apicem truncato; margine ventrali sinuato : intus
livido, cicatricibus calcareis ; cardo dente unico ad valvarn dextram, subulate,
recurvo instructus.

Shell ovate, solid, inequilateral, yellowish white, having the sur-
face ornamented with numerous radiating, compressed, rib-like lines,
and closely wrinkled between them by the lines of growth ; beaks
at the anterior third, and tumid, as are the disks against the beaks ;
anterior part broadly rounded ; posterior part subtriangular, the
apex truncate ; ventral margin somewhat constricted ; interior livid

IT

and even purple posteriorly ; cicatrices broad and chalky white,
very distinct ; siphonal sinus semicircular ; tooth on the right valve
short, subulate, recurved.

Longitud. diam. one and one eighth inches ; vertical, seven
eighths of an inch ; transverse, six eighths of an inch.

Inhabits Guaymas. Lieut. Green.

This is the analogue of P. rocellaria Lk. and scarcely to be dis-
tinguished from it ; but its posterior half seems to decline much
more rapidly ; the radiating folds are much less marked ; on the
left valve is a single tooth ; on the right are two, less developed ;
the pallial scar, between the siphonal sinus and anterior muscular
scar, is not sinuous, and grows larger ; interior not always tinted,
nor cicatrices chalky.

OSTEODESMA NITIDUM (PI. XV. Fig. 6.)

T. transversa, subfalcata, ventricosa, tenuis, lucida vivide margaritacea,
concentrice undulata plerumque nuda ; apice ad trientem anteriorera ; latere
antico rotundato ; latere postico attenuate, truncate, subascendente, utroque
extremitate lineis radiantibus remotis striato.

Shell very thin and fragile, transparent, extremely bright pearly,
somewhat conspicuously undulated concentrically, destitute of epi-
dermis and of radiating striae except at the posterior lip, where it
is very thin and pale straw color ; beaks at the anterior third, ele-
vated ; disks tumid ; anteriorly rounded ; posterior portion ascend-
ant, gradually narrowing till its truncated tip becomes about half
as elevated as the valve at the beaks.

Longitud. diam. seven eighths of an inch; vertical and trans-
verse three eighths of an inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Lieut. Green.

Differs from O. hyalinum in being more inequilateral, more re-
curved, the surface more pearly and free from striae ; O.floridanum
is more venlricose, much more attenuated posteriorly, the surface
more dead, and the stria3 much more remote from each other.

LUTRARIA VENTRICOSA.
Lutraria ventricosa Gould ; Proc. B. S. N. H. Nov. 1851. IV. 89.

T. tenuis, fragilis, ventricosa, ovato-cuneata, alba, epidermide stramineA in-
duta, rugis remotis radiata, apicibus vix antemcdianis, tumidis ; latere antico

3

18

angustato, compresso ; latere postico dilatato ; facie dorsali valde declivii, an-
gulo obtuso limitato, et aream latam, utrinque linci submarginali partitam,
ostcndente ; intus alba, punctis nitidis notata.

Shell ovate-cuneate, ventricose, thin and fragile, white and
smooth, covered with a dirty straw-colored epidermis, with here and
there delicate radiating wrinkles : beaks slightly anterior, tumid
and decidedly arched ; disk everywhere tumid ; anterior half nar-
rowed and somewhat acutely rounded at extremity ; posterior end
broad and distinguished by a ridge running from the beaks to the
posterior ventral angle, quite acute near the beaks, but becoming
gradually obsolete ; at this ridge the valves are inflexed nearly at
right angles, presenting a broad, excavated area, delicately plicated
near the beaks, and also subdivided by a fainter submarginal ridge.
At its posterior point the shell is slightly gaping. Lateral teeth
well developed ; ligament pit large, deep, and oblique ; V-tooth
small, delicate, supported by bars anteriorly, under which, arid
above the lateral tooth runs a deep excavation. Siphonal sinus
narrowing to a blunt point. Interior dead white, besprinkled with
shining dots.

Inhabits Mazatlan. Lieut. Green.

The resemblance between this species and M. carinata, from
the coast of Carolina and the Gulf of Mexico, with which it has
hitherto been confounded, is very great. Our shell, however, is
larger, less solid, much more ventricose, and is destitute of the
crest on the angle which limits the posterior dorsal area, found in
M. carinata. The anterior end is also narrower, the ligament
cavity smaller and more oblique, and the beaks are more arching.
Its form is almost precisely that of Unio ovatus. A small African
species (M. alUda ?) is a miniature of the shell. The posterior
slope, however, is less vertical, the anterior side less acute, and it
has deeply impressed concentric grooves in front of the beaks,

LUTRAKIA UNDULATA (PI. XV. Fig. 7.)
Lutraria undulata, Gould ; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov., 1851. IV. 89.

T. Candida, papyracea, fragilis, ovata, postice hians, concentrice unilata, nisi
prope marginem posticum et ad aream impressam dorsalem concinne rugosa ;
apicibus vix anticis : latere antice rotundato ; latere postico angustato, com-

19

presso ad apicem rotundato, margine dorsali declivo, rectiusculo, costa submar-
ginali munito.

Shell milk white, fragile, concentrically undulated, ovate, ventri-
cose ; beaks a little anterior, gaping widely behind ; the undula-
tions ending abruptly at a posterior subrnarginal ridge ; the undu-
lated portion is also minutely corrugated, the wrinkles running from
the beaks towards the margin ; an impressed area in front of the
beaks is also destitute of waves ; anterior half broadly rounded and
tumid ; posterior half narrowed, compressed and acutely rounded,
the superior margin being a rectilinear slope.

Length two and a half inches ; breadth one and one fourth inches ;
height two inches.

Inhabits La Paz, Lower California. Lieut. Green.

Differs from L. canaliculata Say, of S. Carolina, in its strictly
ovate form, in having the beaks anterior instead of posterior ; in
having the posterior half less compressed and more gaping, and in
the acute ridge at which the undulations terminate. While in size,
texture, color, and surface they are remarkably similar, they are
quite reversed in their proportions.

AMPHIDESMA FLAVESCENS.
Amphidesmajlavescms, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H. Nov., 1851, IV. 89.

T. subrotunda, compressa, dilute aurantia demum albida et epidermide fusca,
tenui induta, striis concentricis lamellosis, lineis radiantibus decussatis in-
sculpta ; apicibus medianis, acutis, baud elevatis ; area dorsalis antica exca-
vata ; area dorsalis postica lanceolate, concava, linea marginata ; intus flavo-
tincta punctis lucidis notata ; sinu siphonali spatulata, striis crebris divergen-
tibus insculpta ; fovea ligamentali profunda, producta ; dente lateral! antico
apici approximato.

Shell subrolund, nearly equilateral, moderately convex, anterior
end broadly rounded ; posterior dorsal margin straight and sloping,
the end less broadly rounded ; posterior umbonal slope with an indis-
tinct ridge ; beaks acute, not prominent, anterior dorsal area exca-
vated ; posterior dorsal edge long lanceolate, concave, bounded by
a distinct angle ; surface pale orange near the beaks, becoming
dingy white at the older stages, and covered by a dirty greenish
epidermis ; marked by concentric lamellar strise, crossed by fine

20

radiating striae, especially across the disk. Interior tinted (melon)
yellow, spangled with shining dots ; siphonal sinus spatulate, veined
with numerous diverging striae ; ligament pit deep and long ; ante-
rior lateral teeth approximate to beaks.

Longitudinal, vertical, and transverse diameters two and three
eighths, t\vo and one eighth, and one and one fourth inches.

From San Diego. Lieut. Green.

Usually found about half this size ; the concentric lamellar strise
are then conspicuous ; but these become worn off, and the shell
grows more irregular and coarse towards the margin ; the interior
is faintly tinted yellow when young, but very richly so when old.
It is closely allied to A. corrugatum, Sowb.

MACTRA NASUTA.

This species, described in Proceedings Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Nov.,
1851, IV. 88, agrees so nearly with M. falcala, also described
by me, (op. cit. III. 216,) that I hesitate to reproduce it as new with-
out a direct comparison of the two shells, which I have it not now in
my power to make. They will for the present, therefore, be
regarded as synonymous. M. falcata^ however, was found at
Puget's Sound, while M. nasuta was found by Maj. Rich at San
Pedro, and by Lieut. Green, (with a doubt,) at Mazatlan.

MACTRA MENDICA (PL XV. Fig. 4.)
Mactra mendica, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851. IV. 88.

T. ovato-triangularis, compressa, solida, concentrice striata, epidermide rufa
induta ; apicibus antemedianis, acutis, incurvatis, margine dorsali utrinque citb
declivi ; latere antico acute rotundato ; latere postico triangular!, desuper viso
anguste cordiformi, fortiter striato : intus lactea ; sinu siphonali, parvulo ; fovea
Jigamentali retrorsum profunda, dente V-formi parvo ; dentibus lateralibus con-
spicuis.

Shell ovate triangular, small, solid, faintly striated concentrically,
and coated with a pale fawn colored epidermis ; beaks antemedian,
acute, incurved, dorsal slopes very steep, abrupt, anterior end rather
acutely rounded; posterior end triangular, acute angled, with an
abrupt ridge along the posterior umbonal ridge, the enclosed poste-
rior area is narrow heart-shaped, more coarsely striate, with the
lips a little protuberant. Interior milk white ; a very slight siphonal

21

sinus. Hinge with a very small triangular ligament pit burrowing
under the beaks, in front of it a small divaricate tooth, and a well
marked lateral tooth on each side.

Long. diam. one inch and one eighth of an inch ; vertical diam.
six eighths of an inch ; transverse diam. half an inch.

Inhabits Mazatlan. Lieut. Green.

A remarkably small and solid species, with a very unusual hinge.
It resembles, in general, small specimens of M. similis, but is more
triangular and more ventricose, as well as more solid. It is closely
allied to M. cuneola, Gould.

DONAX FLEXUOSUS (PI. XV. Fig. 8.)

T. triangularis, cuneata, undulato-flexuosa, antice acuta, area postica lata,
alta, subplanulata, undique striis exilibus profundis, radiantibus insculpta •
apice post mediano ; angulo umbonali postice carinato ; margine ventrali excur-
vato ; colore albo vel stramineo, intus interdum postice violacea.

Shell triangular, cuneate, solid, flexuose, white or straw colored,
sculptured with very regular, crowded, deep radiating grooves, quite
distinct posteriorly and gradually disappearing at the anterior mar-
gin, on the posterior area somewhat roughened by the concentric
striae : apex posterior ; valves from the apex to the middle of the
ventral margin tumid, between this and the anterior end constricted,
ventral margin correspondingly excurved and incurved ; anterior
end nasute ; posterior umbonal slope sharply carinate ; posterior
area very broad and nearly flat ; basal angle very acute ; interior
shining white or flesh colored, often tinted at the tip and along the
posterior edge with violet ; lateral teeth quite strong.

Diameters, longitudinal three fourths of an inch ; vertical half an
inch; transverse two fifths of an inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Col. Jewet.t.

One of the most remarkable species of the genus on account of
its triangular form, its undulating sides, broad and flat posterior
area, and deep, regular, crowded radiating grooves.

DONAX OBESUS (PI. XV. Fig. 9.)
Donax obesus, Gould ; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851, IV. 90.

T. parva, solida, ovato-cuneata. ventricosa, nitida, radiatim leviter striata.
coloribus albidis et fulvidis omnino vel radiatim picta, et plerumque zonis vio-

22

laceis ornata; angulo postcro-dorsali rectilinear! ; facie posteriori cordiformi,
sub-biangulari ; latere antico angustato, citb rotundato ; margine ventrali denti-
culate, postice coarctato ; intus alba vel flavescens, violaceo nubeculata, ad mar-
ginem dorsalem fuscata.

Shell solid, ovate triangular, ventricose, the surface faintly radi-
ate striate, more distinctly so posteriorly, and then as if varnished so
as to obliterate the furrows ; color bluish white, pale fawn color, or
rayed with these colors, and most specimens have one or more
bluish zones ; anterior dorsal slope rectilinear and nearly at a right
angle with the posterior, which is a little curved ; posterior end heart-
shaped, faintly biangular, the umbonal angle obtuse and rather ill
defined, but the radiating strise going to the posterior basal angle
more distinct than elsewhere : anterior end rather acutely rounded ;
a very slight constriction of the basal margin posteriorly gives the
anterior portion a somewhat pouched appearance. Teeth of the
hinge well developed. Interior white, inclining to yellow, with
violet clouds, especially within the pallial impression ; a marginal
blotch along each dorsal edge seems to be pretty constant. Basal
margin with very decided teeth about the middle, becoming gradu-
ally more delicate in each direction.

Long. diam. nine tenths of an inch ; vertical diam. six tenths of
an inch ; transverse four tenths of an inch.

Inhabits San Diego. Lieut. Green.

In general characters, especially in striation and posterior area,
it is much like D. anatinum, but that shell is more decidedly acu-
minate anteriorly ; the angle at the apex is less nearly a right
angle, arid the posterior basal termination protrudes more ; the
strise, too, are decidedly punctate along the anterior umbonal
slope. Some small specimens are very broad proportionally.
Some have the anterior end nearly as acute as D. anatinum, but
none the posterior end so much abbreviated, so nearly vertical.
The coloration is quite various., and often is mingled with lilac,
especially near the edge.

LUCINA ORBELLA (PI. XV. Fig. 3.)
Lucina orbella, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851. IV. 90.

T. parva, tenuicula, subglobosa, albida, concentrice inequaliter striata ;
apicibus medianis, haud eminentibus, absque lunula antica ; lateribus fere sym-

23

metricis : intus alba. Cardo valvae dextrae dentibns duobus instructus quorum
antico minore, postico bifido ; valvse sinistrae duobus quorum antico bifido, pos-
tico perobliquo; dentibus lateralibus nullis; cicatricibus inconspicuis, palliali
serie punctorum composito.

Shell small, rather thin, subglobose, dingy white, marked with
delicate lines of growth, which at some parts are more conspicu-
ous than at others, and render the surface somewhat irregular ;
beaks very nearly median, not prominent ; no distinct lunule in
front of them : ligament prominent ; extremities a little above the
middle of altitude, very nearly symmetrical. Interior white. Hinge
with two direct teeth in the right valve, of which the anterior is
smallest, and the posterior is bifid ; and two in the left valve, of
which the anterior is bifid and the posterior very oblique ; lateral
teeth none ; muscular impressions faint, very large ; pallial impres-
sion indistinct, composed of a series of polished dots.

Length four fifths of an inch ; height six eighths of an inch ;
breadth half to five eighths of an inch.

From San Diego. Lieut. Green. Santa Barbara. Col. Jewell.

The size and globose form of this species recalls L. columlella,
Lk., (L. Adansonii, D'Orb.) : but the shell is much less solid, the
beaks less elevated, no areas before and behind them, and the sur-
face is not lamellar. L. glolularis may be more like it. Some
specimens are nearly perfect spheres, and all of them are very con-
vex lenses.

ARTHEMIS SACCATA (PI. XV. Fig. 2.)
Arthemis saccata, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851. IV. 91.)

T. tennis, albida, ventricosa, rotundato-rhomboidea, subequilateralis, margine
ventrali subpendulo; apicibus eminentibus; luuula cordata, linea impressa
finita: valvis tumidis, postice compressis et ad marginem sinuatis; cardo valva3
dextra dentibus binis fissis instructus, valvoe sinistrre dentibus tribus.

Shell thin, white, of a rounded rhom.boidal outline and ventricose
form, the beaks being prominent, the ventral margin produced or
pendulous and the two ends rather suddenly curved above the
middle : surface delicately and closely striate, with a zone or two
of dusky at stages of growth ; a cordate lunule is defined by an
impressed line in front of beaks; the disk of the valves is very
tumid, but the posterior umbonal slope is a little constricted, mak-

24

ing a sinuosity at the posterior inferior angle. Hinge of two deeply
cleft divergent teeth in the right valve, (or four arranged in pairs,)
and three in the left, of which the middle one is unequally bifid.
No lateral teeth. Siphonal sinus acute, extending to the centre of
the valve.

Length one and three fifths inches ; height one and a half inches ;
breadth seven eighths of an inch.

Inhabits Mazatlan. Lieut. Green.

This shell has very nearly the outline of Cyth. prostrata, espe-
cially its pouched ventral margin, but is much more ventricose and
very different in sculpture. It is also very much like A. tennis,
Sowb., but is larger, and has a distinct lunule. A. Chinensis is also
allied in form.

TELLINA MINI AT A (Plate XVI. Fig. 1.)
Tettina miniata, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851, IV. 90.

T. transversa, ovata, tenuis, valde hians, convexiuscula, concentrice striata,
erubescens; apicibus antemedianis ; latere autico semiovali; latere postico
ovato-triangulari ; margine ventral! subpendulo ; intus miniata ; cardo dentibus
binis divaricantibus tenuibus utraque valvft instructus ; nymphis conspicuis.

Shell transversely ovate, thin, widely gaping posteriorly, slightly
convex, delicately striate concentrically, with vestiges of numerous
radiating strise ; deep roseate at the beaks and across the middle of
disks, and zoned with roseate elsewhere : beaks anterior, acute ;
anterior end semioval ; posterior end ovate-triangular, acute at tip,
which is near the median height ; dorsal margin slightly declin-
ing; ventral margin a little depending at middle. Interior bright
rose-red throughout : siphonal sinus opposite the middle of the ven-
tral margin, pyramidal and truncated at tip. Hinge with two deli-
cate, diverging, equal cardinal teeth in each valve ; nympha? strongly
developed.

Diam. longitudinal two inches ; vertical one and one fourth
inches ; transverse five eighths of an inch.

Inhabits San Juan. Lieut. Green.

Compared with the analogous West India species, T. rosea, Gmel.,
it is longer, thinner, less lenticular, more inequilateral, more acu-
minated posteriorly, ventral and posterior margin less convexly
arcuate ; color more roseate externally, and altogether so internally.

25

In that species the hinge has only a single tooth, stouter or with an
obsolete one at its base.

TELLINA TERSA (PL XVI. Fig. 2.)

T. modica, convexiuscula, ovato-triangularis, alba, concentrice vix striata :
apice postmediano ; latere antico rotundato, superne comprcsso; latere postico
triangular!, apice subacuto. margine dorsali recto, cito desinente : dentibus late-
ralibus obsoletis.

Shell moderately large, inequilateral, rather convex, ovate-trian-
gular, white, varied with milky and watery white zones ; incre-
mental striae fine and irregular ; apex one fifth nearest the poste-
rior end, which is triangular, (the dorsal slope very rapidly
declining,) slightly truncate at tip, the submarginal flexure well
marked ; anterior half broadly rounded, dorsal edge somewhat
compressed ; ventral margin regularly arcuate ; lateral teeth want-
ing, or consisting of a slight submarginal ridge.

Diameters, longitudinal one inch ; vertical seven tenths of an
inch ; transverse three tenths of an inch.

Inhabits Panama. Col. Jewett.

It has a general resemblance to T. Uneata, Turt., but is smaller,
thinner, more compressed, and has no lateral teeth. It is more
closely allied to T. plebeja, but is more equilateral and quite white.
It has so few obvious characters that it is very difficult to describe.

TELLIXA PURA (PI. XVI. Fig. 3.)

T. parva, sub-elliptica, vix ineqnilateralis, tenuis, lucida, vel zonis lacteis
zonata. striis minutissimis radiata ; apice acuto ; latere antico semi-ovali ; latere
postico modice angustato, truncate, hiante, plica admodum conspicua: intus
uitida, striis elevatis tenuibus radiata ; dentibus lateralibus carentibus.

Shell small, compressed, suboval, nearly equilateral, thin and
lucid except where obscured by zones of opaque white, shining,
with numerous microscopic radiating striae; apex acutely elevated ;
anterior half semi-elliptical, rounded at extremity; posterior half a
little narrowed, the dorsal margin declining in nearly a right line,
tip moderately truncate. Within, shining, and marked by nume-
rous minute, raised, radiating lines ; lateral teeth wanting.

Diameters, longitudinal, one inch ; vertical three fifths of an
inch ; transverse three tenths of an inch.
4

26

Inhabits Panama. Col. Jewell.

There is no species figured in Sowerby's Thesaurus, nor de-
scribed by Prof. Adams, which bears any near resemblance to this.
It is remarkable for its symmetrical form and great simplicity.

TELLINA GEMMA (PI. XVI. Fig. 5.)

T. parva, inequilateralis, transversa, ovato-triangularis, striis rotundatis con-
centricis ordinatis insculpta, rosea, albido vix radiata ; latere antico semiovali,
superne acute rotundato ; latere postico breviore flexuoso, sub-triangulari ;
flexurd valde acuta ; margine ventral! postice incurve ; intus vivide rosea.

Shell very small, inequilateral, transverse, triangular elliptic,
rather solid, sculptured with crowded, rounded, concentric strise,
which become somewhat lamellar posteriorly ; rose-colored, with a
few delicate radiating white pencils ; apex about one fifth behind
the middle ; anterior part semi-oval, the dorsal outline rectilinear and
the extremity more abruptly rounded above than below ; posterior
portion subtriangular, flexuous, the dorsal margin somewhat con-
vex, tip truncate ; the submarginal fold well marked, and defined
by a sharp angular ridge on the right valve ; ventral margin in-
curved posteriorly ; interior bright rose red.

Diameters, longitudinal, three fifths of an inch ; vertical three
tenths of an inch ; transverse three twentieths of an inch.

Inhabits San Juan. Lieut. Green.

The species which it resembles somewhat in form and color are
T. distorta, rhomboidea, and more especially T. scalpellum, which
is pellucid, shining, and nearly destitute of flexure.

TELLINA (STRIGILLA) FUCATA (PL XVI. Fig. 4.)
T. (Strigilla) fucata, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H. Nov. 1851. IV. 91.

T. lenticularis, rotundata, ovato-trigona. T. carnarice simillima, albida, rosa-
ceo zonata, sulcis ad declivitates umbonales angulatis arata; intus omnino
miniata.

Shell of a subcircular or ovate trigonal lenticular form, inequi-
lateral, whitish, or roseate zoned and tipped with color more intense,
and with a pale ray on the anterior slope in the darker specimens ;
the surface furrowed with oblique stria3, flexed at nearly right angles
on each of the umbonal slopes ; interior deep carmine red through-
out.

27

Diameter, longitud. seven eighths of an inch ; vertical four fifths
of an inch ; transverse three eighths of an inch.

Inhabits Mazatlan. Col. Jewell.

This species is so similar to the well known T. carnaria, of the
West Indies, that it is best described by a comparison with it.
Its form usually is more rounded ; striae less numerous and larger,
forming a more decided angle on the posterior slope ; so that on the
disk they are more nearly vertical ; and on the anterior slope the
angle they form is so acute as to render them confused along the
margin, nor have they any undulations at this border. The interior
is deep carmine throughout, whereas C. carnaria is more roseate,
and the border is always white ; cardinal teeth of left valve less
divaricate. Fig. 38, of Sowerby's Thesaurus, seems to represent
this shell.

CYREXA ALTILIS (PI. XVI. Fig. 5.)

T. solidiuscula, subtriangularis. subequilateralis, ventricosa, tenue striata, calca-
rea, epidermide tenui cinerea induta ; umbonibus antemedianis valde elevatis, de-
clivitate umbonali angulato ; facie dorsali antico cordiformi, excavate, margine
recto, ad extreraitatem citb rotundato ; margine dorsali postico arcuato ad api-
cem subtruncato : limbo marginal! interior! violacescente, submargine incarnato.

Shell solid, obliquely subtriangular, ventricose, calcareous, co-
vered with a thin ashy-green epidermis ; beaks a little antemedian,
elevated, pointed, incurved and antrorse ; posterior dorsal slope
decidedly angular, anterior much less so ; disks gibbous ; ventral
margin regularly arcuate : anterior dorsal aspect cordiform, some-
what excavate, margin rectilinear, extremity briefly rounded ; pos-
terior dorsal margin somewhat convexly arcuate and compressed,
and more broadly rounded than the anterior ; hinge well developed ;
cavity of beaks profound ; hinge margin white, disk bluish white,
region of pallial impression flesh colored ; margin violaceous,
simple.

Long. diam. one and three eighths inches ; vertical diam. one
and a half inches ; transverse diam. one and one fourth inches.

One specimen is marked " Mexico," by Maj. Rich ; another,
" Mazatlan (?) " by Col. Jewell.

Compared with C. solida, with which it is nearly related, it is
less solid, the surface comparatively smooth, and the epidermis
smooth, the beaks much more elevated, the umbonal ridge sharper,

28

the anterior end much more acutely rounded than in any other
species, the cardinal teeth much more delicate and not tinted violet ;
impressions much less profound.

CARDIUM LUTEOLABRUM.

Cardium luteolabrum, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H.. Nov. 1851. IV. 91.

T. magna, ovato-globosa, posticb truncata, albida epidermide tenui lutescente
induta; apicibus submedianis, tumidis, attigentibus ; valvis ventricosis radiatim
costatis nisi ad marginem dorsalem anticalem ; costis 42 rotundatis canali pro-
fundo sejunctis, et aculeis prostratis ad angulum anticum armatis, postremis
fomicatis ; intus alba, dentibus marginalibus croceo tinctis.

Shell large, ovate globose, slightly oblique, broadly and obtusely
truncate posteriorly, dingy white, covered with a dirty yellow epi-
dermis ; beaks tumid, touching ; valves with a slight posterior um-
bonal angle, with forty-two rounded ribs, leaving a small plain area
in front of the beaks ; they are separated by deep rectangular chan-
nels about haWthe width of the ribs ; they are naked at the beaks
and centre of the disk, but the lateral ones bear on their external
edges oblique, somewhat seedlike aculei, which become broader and
almost vaulted posteriorly : interior white, with the marginal serra-
tures very deep and saffron colored ; grooved partially to correspond
with the external ribs.

Longitudinal, vertical, and transverse diameters three and one
fourth, three, and two and one fourth inches.

Inhabits San Diego. Lieut. Green.

It would at first glance be taken for C. pseudolima, a species
from Zanzibar. It is more globose, less rhomboidal, the posterior
side shorter and less angular ; it has six more ribs, which are nar-
rower and more developed on each side, with deeper and more
abrupt grooves, and the spines are on the edge instead of the
centre of the ribs ; margin more strongly dentate, the denticles
acute instead of square, and continued round to the ligament, and
yellow instead of roseate ; interior distinctly grooved, exterior with-
out fleshy tint. The portions destitute of aculei exhibit the scars
from which they have been detached. Agrees pretty well with
C. quadrigenarium, Conr. ; color not variegated.

C. llandum is smaller, the ribs transversely barred, and with no
indications of aculei ; the interior differently colored.

ANODON CICONIA.

Anodon ciconia, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851. IV. 92

T. solidula. transversa, oblongo-ovata, ventricosa, epidermide lutescenti-cornea
induta : apicibus ad trientem anticum long, sitis, eminentibus, acutis ; latere
antico angusto, rotundato ; latere postico dilatato, ad apicem acuto, margine
dorsali baud angulato ; margine ventral! rectiusculo, antice hiante, declivitate
postico tumido, baud angulato ; margarita ex ochracea incarnata demnm argen-
tea ; cavositas apicalis ampla.

Shell rather solid, transversely oblong ovate, ventricose ; epider-
mis yellowish horn color : beaks at the anterior third, prominent,
acute; anterior half narrowed, the dorsal margin direct or a little
concave, extremity rounded, a little above the middle ; posterior
half widening ; dorsal edge at first a little arched, then obliquely
truncate, but without forming an angle ; tip acute ; ventral margin
nearly straight, gaping anteriorly ; posterior umbonal slope tumid,
and not angulated. Nacre ochreous, tinted flesh color on the disk,
becoming silvery at margin ; cavity of the beaks capacious.

Length four inches ; height two and three eighths inches ; breadth
one and o le fourth inches.

From the Collection of Lieut. Green, and marked " Mexico (?)."
It is evidently an equatorial type, and closely resembles A. anse-
rma, from Brazil. It is thicker in substance, more tumid on the
posterior half, the epidermis and nacre are quite differently colored.
The posterior dorsal and ventral margins have a corresponding
slope, a little arched, and come together at the middle of the alti-
tude. It is more like A. implicata than any other North American
species.

MYTILUS GLOMERATUS (PI. XVI. Fig. 8.)
Mytilus glomeratus, Gould; Proc B. S. N. H., Nor. 1851. IV. 92.

T. parva, solidula, arcuatim oblongo-ovata, nitida ex indica nigrescens, pos-
ticeobtusa; apicibus remotis, excurvatis; valvis ventricosis oblique sub-angu-
latis, margine ligamentali recto, demum subitb arcuato ; margine ventrali recto
vel excavate; cardo altera valvii dentibus duobus, altera tribus; intus argen-
tata, ad limbum nigra incrassata et radiatim striata ; cicatricibus profundis.

Shell small, oblong ovate, arcuate, rather solid, shining, stria? of
growth conspicuous, deep indigo blue passing into jet black, at the

30

posterior end gibbous, the breadth and height about equal, and
equal to two thirds the length ; valves very convex, somewhat
angular longitudinally along the middle ; beaks acute, projecting,
remote, excurved ; ventral margin rectilinear or a little con-
cave ; hinge margin at first direct and then strongly arcuate ; dorsal
margin somewhat diverging from the ventral ; posterior end broadly
rounded ; hinge with two distinct denticles in one valve and three
in the other ; ligament excavation deep and broad, the inner plate
cribriform. Interior silvery on the disk, smoky black at the mar-
gins ; muscular and palleal cicatrices very deep ; limbus thick,
radiate striate.

Largest specimens, length five eighths of an inch ; breadth and
height, three eighths of an inch.

San Francisco. Maj. Rich.

A very remarkable species clustering upon sea weed in the most
crowded manner, so that a string of them reminds one of a thickly
crowded cluster of bloom raisins ; so thick are they that the valves
of two adjacent species, not having room to open freely, wear each
other nearly through by the friction of opening and shutting. This
circumstance, together with the very strongly developed hinge and
deep cicatrices, forbid the idea of their being young specimens.
Byssus is very coarse, wax yellow.

LITHODOMUS FALCATUS (PI. XVI. Fig. 9.)
Lithodomus fakatus, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851. IV. 92.

T. fragilis, margaritacea, subcylindracea, falcata, postice ad declivitatem
umbonalem valde angulata, epidermide castaned, rugis interdum bifurcatis cor-
rugata induta: apicibus ad octantem anteriorera positis valde involutis ; latere
antico dilatato, subgloboso ; latere postico arcuato, coarctato, acuminato.

Shell fragile, falcate, subcylindrical, with a strongly marked
angle from the beaks to the base of the posterior extremity ; beaks
at the anterior eighth of the length, strongly involute and leaving a
deep depression in front of them. The anterior extremity is
rounded, dilated, broader than high ; the posterior end is arcuate
and acuminate ; against the beaks the valves are somewhat corn-
pressed ; the arcuation is produced chiefly by the deflection of the
superior margin, which is also rather sharp posteriorly. The sub-
stance of the shell is somewhat pearly when exposed by erosion,

31

and is covered by a thick chestnut colored epidermis, conspicuously
corrugated at every part, in vertical wrinkles posteriorly, but in a
somewhat divaricate manner anteriorly. The posterior superior
portion gives rise to a byssoid fringe.

Length three inches ; height and breadth half an inch.

Found in indurated marly clay. Monterey. Maj. Rich.

This species is so peculiar, and so entirely different from any
other of the genus, as to require no comparison.

AVICULA STERNA (PL XVI. Fig. 7.)
Avicula sterna, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. IL, Xov. 1851. IV. 93.

T. solidula, badia radiis pallidis ornata ; epidermide cinerea serratim fimbriata
induta ; apicibus ad quadrantem anteriorem positis; ala semicircular!, mod ice
obliqua; dcclivitate umbonali tumida, abrupta ; cauda longissima, gracili; auri-
culis magnis, radiatim sti'iatis ; fissura byssali profundissima, acutangulari :
margarita argentata, valde iridescens ; limbo fusco-marmorato.

Shell rather solid, obliquely ovate, triangular, with a very long,
slender, acuminate cauda, and well marked auricles : color dark
mahogany brown with a few paler radiations; surface compactly
striate, covered with a thin, dirty, cinereous epidermis, very deli-
cately fringed with radiating series of minute processes, especially
in the vicinity of the byssal notch and at margin. Beaks near the
anterior fourth, prominent, oblique, the posterior umbonal slope
tumid, and in the left valve limited by an obtuse groove, a sub-
marginal angle along the cauda ; auricles radiately striate. Auricle
of right valve trapezoidal, widening towards tip and obliquely trun-
cate ; byssal notch deep and acutangular; auricle of left valve sub-
triangular, as broad as long, the byssal fold prominent. Hinge with
a well marked cardinal and lateral tooth in left valve; the cardinal
tooth in right valve double. Cavity of beaks very decided. Nacre
silvery and highly iridescent; cretaceous margin like tortoise shell.

Length of hinge margin two and a half inches; diameter of wing
one and one fourth inches ; breadth five eighths of an inch.

Inhabits Mazatlan ? Lieut. Green. Panama. Prof. Adams, Col.
Jewett.

Has the general appearance of A. semi-sagitla, but the wing is
less oblique and curves directly into the cauda without any sinus ;

32

the byssal sinus is deeper and much more acute, making a trape-
zoidal auricle. The cauda is much shorter in A. tarentina and the
wing much more oblique. It most nearly resembles a Florida
species, but in that the byssal angle is obtuse, the auricle triangular,
and the cauda shorter.

LIMA TETRICA (PI. XVI. Fig. 6.)
Lima tetrica, Gould; Proc. B. S. N. H., Nov. 1851. IV. 93.

T. oblique ovato-triangularis, solida, albida, costis radiantibus ad 18, squamis
semi-erectis posticis longioribus armatis horrescens ; apicibus acutis, remotis,
muriculatis ; marginibus posticis et ventralibus continuis ; margine antico rcc-
tilineari, hiantc ; area cardinal! lata, valida ; fovea ligamentalis minime profunda',
costa transversali suffulta.

Shell obliquely ovate, triangular, solid, dirty while, with eighteen
radiating ribs, covered with long semi-erect muricated scales, long-
est at the posterior margin ; beaks acute, divaricate from each
other, slightly auriculule, the margin of the wing forming a right
angle wiih the posterior margin ; posterior and ventral margins
continuous ; anterior margin rectilinear, inflected, so as to form a
broad anterior face, with muriculate striaB, broadly gaping nearly
half the length, the edges everted at the upper portion so as to form
conspicuous nymphse ; hinge area broad and firm ; ligament pit
shallow, with a strong transverse rib below it. Interior shining,
conspicuously indented by the ribs.

Length one and a half inches; height one and one eighth inches ;
brendth half an inch.

Inhabits La Paz, Gulf of California, Maj. Rich.

Compared with L. squamosa, it is narrower, and more compressed ;
the posterior and ventral margin is less broadly rounded ; the scales
are more crowded, twice as long, inflexed at their points, and much
more decided at the dorsal margin ; there are no transverse stria?
on the dorsal area. The strong brace or rib in front of the liga-
ment pit, by which a deep cavity is formed at the apex, is remark-
able, but possibly accidental.

33

VENUS TANTILLUS (PL XV. Fig. 10.)

T. parva, ovato-trigona, ventricosa, inequilateralis, solidula ; levis vel sulculis
remotis concentricis arata, alba, postice fusco tincta ; margine dorsali antico
recto, angulo ventral! rotundato ; margine dorsali postico longiori, rectiusculo,
angulo acuto.

Shell quite small, rather solid, ovate-trigonal, inequilateral ; beaks
acute, surface smooth or faintly waved with distant concentric fur-
rows ; the dorsal margins are nearly straight, and meet at the apex
in a right angle, but the posterior side is a fourth longer than the
anterior; the anterior basal angle is well rounded, while the poste-
rior is acute ; basal margin gently curved. Color white, but the
posterior third is stained deep slaty blue outside and in, the line of
demarcation being quite abrupt and well defined ; there is also a
pencil of the same color inside, running from the beak to the ante-
rior cicatrix ; the rest of the interior is cream colored.

Length one fourth of an inch ; height one fifth of an inch.

Inhabits Santa Barbara. Col. Jewett.

This, little Venus reminds one of V. gemma, for its minute size,
but may more properly be regarded as a miniature of V. meretrlx
on account of its form and coloration. Its solidity, and the develop-
ment of its hinge, mark it as an adult shell.

PURPURA PAXSA.

PURPURA PATULA is noted as inhabiting the West Indies, the Medi-
terranean, the Philippine Islands, the west coast of America, &c.
Without being able to determine whether all these points are really
localities for the shell received under this name, I have compared
some of the specimens known to come from the west coast of Ame-
rica with some known to come from the Atlantic and Mediterra-
nean, and find the following differences.

The Atlantic or Mediterranean shell is a large, solid, hemispher-
ical shell, with blunt, moderately developed tubercles externally ;
interior well coated with enamel, white with a chestnut blotch within,
and having the lip piceous, or dashed with that color ; the left lip
5

34

is broad, with its edge whitish ; its basal termination is broadly
rounded.

The Pacific types are rarely more than one inch in length, elon-
gated, more than half a cylinder ; tubercles decidedly spinous ;
aperture rather contracted, thinly coated with enamel within and
destitute of the chestnut blotch ; left lip comparatively narrow, its
edge barely a little paler, its basal termination acute and curving
quite abruptly towards the canal.

These distinctions being constant, so far as I have seen speci-
mens, would seem to be sufficient, together with their remote locali-
ties, to authorize a separation under the above name.

Among the rarer species contained in these California collections
were Venus aurantiaca, Sowb., from Santa Barbara, supposed by
Mr. Sowerby to belong to the Philippine Islands ; Venus gnidia, Ma-
zatlan ; Artemis giganteay La Paz ; Tellina regia, Mazatlan ;
Tellina Burnett, Brod. L. California ; Paraplwlas Californica,
Conr. (P. Janellii, Desh.) S. Diego ; Periploma planiuscula, Guay-
mas ; Thracia granulosa, La Paz ; Anomia macrochisma, Mon-
terey ; Trochus Norrisii, Santa Barbara ; Oniscia tuberculosa, S.
Juan ; Cassis coarctata, S. Juan ; Saxidomus Nuttalli, Conr. (Ve-
nerupis Petitii, Desh.) S. Diego ; Cancellaria olesa, La Paz ; Can-
cellaria cassidiformis, La Paz ; Cyrtulus distortus, Panama ;
Ostrea Cumingiana, La Paz ; Pectunculus giganteus, Guaymas ;
Chiton Magdalenensis, Mazatlan ; Chiton muscosus, Gould (C.
Collei, Reeve) Panama ; Chiton Stokesii, Brod. S. Francisco; Mar-
ginella imbricata, Hinds. Santa Barbara ; Cerithum irroratum,
Gould, Mazatlan ; Saxicava Cordieri, Desh. Mazatlan ; Tellina
Bodegensis, San Francisco ; Cardium elatum, Brod. San Diego ;
Sanguinolaria decora, Hinds, San Diego.

35

LIST OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Bulimus vesicalis.

2. Bulimus vegetus.

3. Bulimus elatus.

4. Physaelata.

5. Acmaea paleacea.

7. Crepidula explanata.

8. Bulla (Akera) culcitella.

9. Bulla (Tornatlna) cerealis.

10. Narica ovoidea.

11. Trochus marcidus.

12. Modulus dorsuosus.

13. Odostomia achates.

14. Odostomia gravida.

15. Chemnitzia tenuicula.

16. Chemnitzia torquata.

17. Sigaretus debilis.

18. Fusus ambustus.

19. Terebra arguta.

20. Erato leucophrca.

21. Con us ravus.

22. Conus pusillns.

23. Conus comptus.

PLATE XV.

1. Pholas ovoidea.

2. Arthemis saccata.

3. Lucina orbella.

4. Maetra mendica.

5. Petricola bulbosa.

6. Osteodesma nitidum.

7. Lutraria undulata.

8. Donax flexuosus.

9. Donax obesus.
10. Venus tantillus.

PLATE XVI.

1. Tellina miniata.

2. Tellina tersa.

3. Tellina pura.

4. Tellina (Strigilla) fucata.

5. Tellina gemma.

5 bis. Cyrena altilis.

6. Lima tetrica.

7. Avicula sterna.

8. Mytilus glomeratus.

9. Lithodomus falcatus.

PL. XIV.

O.J.VttLLIS on 6 tone

PL.XV

O.J.WALIJS on Stone

PL .XVI.

O.J-WALLIS on Stone

271

was a new comer. Dr. Brewer remarked, that wherever
this Swallow makes its appearance, the Barn Swallow gradu-
ally disappears, receding before it. He had noticed on the
nest of this latter species, on one side, near the top, a shelf
of the same materials as the nest, on which one bird sits
much of the time, while the other sits on the eggs. As the
young increase in size the shelf is occupied by both the
parent birds. At night one of these birds is constantly on
the watch to prevent surprise.

The Secretary presented, in behalf of Mr. Temple
Prime, a paper on the genus Cyclas, as follows : —

Notes on the Species of Cyclas found in the United States ; ly
TEMPLE PRIME.

Several species I have not as yet been able to identify to my
satisfaction. Say's original specimens in the Cabinet of the
Acad. of Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia having been destroyed,
the only means left to be sure of his species are to collect them
in the original localities.

The shell known in Massachusetts as C. similis Say, and
described and figured as such by Dr. Gould, is found in many
different localities through the country ; but never having received
it from the Delaware River, where Say found his shell, and hav-
ing, moreover, compared it with Say's figure, from which it dif-
fers, I am unwilling as yet, without further investigation, to con-
sider it definitively as the C. similis Say.

The C. edentula Say, and Lamarck's three species, I have
sought for in their respective localities, but as yet no success has
attended my efforts.

The C. lasmampsis Rafinesque, I hope to have an opportu-
nity, before very long, of examining in the Cabinet of C. A.
Poulson, Esq. of Philadelphia, in which are deposited all Ra-
finesque's original specimens.

272

1. CYCLAS RHOMBOIDEA Say.

Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. II, 380. De Kay, 225. PI. XXV. Fig. 263.
Cyclas elcgans ADAMS. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. III. PI. III. Fig. 11.
Gould's Report, 74. Fig. 55. De Kay, 224.

Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Animal. Siphons reddish yellow. Foot large.

Shell Vide Gould's Rep. 74.

Localities. Mass., Vt. (Adams.) Lake Champlain. (Say,
Budd, Benedict.) Herkimer County, N. Y. (Lewis.) Rock-
land County, N. Y. (Budd.) Cleveland, O. (Anthony.) Green-
wich, Washington County, N. Y. (Ingalls.)

This shell has long been known as C. elegans Adams, and
been labelled thus in cabinets. It, however, answers Say's
description of C. rhomboidea, in all points, even to the dimen-
sions, so that I have no hesitation in considering it as Say's long
lost species.

Compared to the C. tenuistriata, it is found to be more full at
the posterior extremity, as also more abrupt ; the beaks are less
tumid and more rounded ; the coloring and sculpturing are dif-
ferent.

This species has hitherto been collected but sparingly. Mr.
T. J. Whittemore, however, in the autumn of 1851, found it in
great abundance in the environs of Cambridge, Mass. It lives
in running brooks, buried in the mud, and in the grass. I sup-
pose the animal to breed all the year round, having found the
young in company with the adult at all seasons.

Found in company with Pisidium variabile, and with C. simi-
lis.

2. CYCLAS TENUISTRIATA Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 156.

Cyclas cornea LAMARCK. Adams's Cat. 1847, 29.

Cabinet ofT. Prime.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 156.

Localities. Tennessee, (Adams.) Alabama, (Ingalls.)

This species is distinguished from all American ones of its

273

size, by its smooth and polished surface. Compared to C. cor-
nea, it is less globose, laterally more angular, the beaks are
rather more tumid, but less rounded ; lastly, it is more solid and
differently colored.

This shell seems, as yet, to be but very little known ; besides
the specimen I possess, I have seen but one other, which was
kindly sent to me for description by Prof. C. B. Adams.

3. CYCLAS FABALIS Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Localities. Lake Superior, (Agassiz.) Tennessee, (Budd.)

The only species to which this shell is allied is the C. cas-

tanea ; it differs, however, in being less inflated, the posterior

margin is more abrupt, and the beaks are not quite as depressed ;

the coloring and size are not only different, but it is also more

elongated.

4. CYCLAS CASTANEA Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 160.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Animal. Siphons of a medium size. Color crimson-red.

Shell \ride Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 160.

Localities. Wabash River, (Haldeman.) Ohio, (Anthony.)
Osvasca L. (Redfield.) Tenn. (Budd.) Greenwich, N. Y.
(Ingalls.) Chuck River, Virginia, (Anthony.)

Shell very rare. I have found it at the roots of plants in com-
pany with P. compressum, P. dubium, and P. variabile. The
animal, when in confinement, I have observed to exhibit con-
siderable activity.

5. CYCLAS DETRUNCATA Nobis. Bost. S. N. E. Proc. iv. 155.
Cabinet of T. Prime.

Shell. See Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.
Locality. Schuylkill River, (Richard.)

This shell is remarkable for the sudden narrowness to which
its anterior extremity is brought.

PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H. 18 APRIL, 1853.

274

Compared to the C.fabalis, this shell is more inflated and the
beaks are dissimilar.

Found in company with the C. rosacea.

6. CYCLAS GRACILIS Nobis. Bost S. N. H. Proc. iv. 156.
Cabinet of Prof. C. B. Adams and of T. Prime.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 156.

Locality. Ohio, (Adams.)

In outline this shell is not very different from the C. similis ;
otherwise, however, they are not at all alike.

The foreign analogue seems to be the C. rivicola of Europe.
One specimen of this species was kindly lent to me by Prof. C.

B. Adams for description ; subsequently I obtained one myself
through Mr. Whittemore ; it seems to be quite rare.

7. CYCLAS CONSTRICTA Anthony. Anthony Cat. 1853.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell. Somewhat inflated, elongated, anterior margin rounded,
posterior one abrupt, inferior one straight, broken in the middle
by a stricture in the valves, causing a furrow up the better half
of the shell ; beaks somewhat prominent, not large ; lines of
growth very light and regular. Color greenish yellow. Hinge
margin very straight. Cardinal teeth united, prominent. Late-
ral teeth not prominent, rather elongated. Interior light blue.

Lat. 0.55; long. 040; diam/0.30 inches.

Locality. Ohio, (Anthony.)

This species is distinct from any on account of the peculiar
break in the outline of the inferior margin. Compared to the

C. gracilis, the beaks are less prominent and the margins are
less rounded. It differs from the C. transversa in being less
broad and in the more equal proportions of the anterior and pos-
terior extremities.

8. CYCLAS TRANSVERSA Say. Descrip. of Terr, and fluv.

Shells. 1829, 30, 31.
Cabinet of the B.S. N. H,
Shell. Transversely oblong, subovate subinequilateral, anterior

275

margin decidedly more widely rounded than the posterior mar-
gin ; beaks obviously elevated above the general curvature ; car-
dinal teeth double, distinct. Say. Des. terr. fluv. shells. Hinge
margin nearly on a straight line ; anterior cardinal teeth the
larger and more prominent; lateral teeth not very prominent ;
inferior margin well rounded ; striae very fine ; color light yellow.

Long. 0.65; lat. 0.45 ; diam. 0.19 inches.

Localities. Kentucky, (Say.) Columbus, O. and Arkansas,
(Anthony.) Mohawk, Herkimer County, N. Y. (Lewis.)

This shell is more transverse than even the C. similis Say.

Its outline is somewhat similar perhaps to the C. detruncata ;
it is otherwise, however, widely different, being not only more
transverse, more inflated, but also of a different and more fragile
texture.

9. CYCLAS SPELERICA Anthony, Mss.
Cabinet of J. G. Anthony.

Shell. Small, globose, not elongated ;
posterior and inferior margins rounded ;
beaks inclined towards the anterior, very
large, prominent, and well rounded ; an-
terior extremity somewhat rounded, very
much narrower than the posterior one ;
lines of growth fine and regular. Epi-
dermis glossy ; color greenish brown ; hinge margin curved ;
cardinal teeth double, small, but distinct; posterior cardinal teeth
prominent; anterior one nearly obsolete ; interior light blue.

Long. 0.29 ; lat. 0.25; diam. 0.20 inches.

Locality. Loraine County, O. (Anthony.)

This rare species is not much like any of our American spe-
cies ; it approaches nearer the C. nucleus of Europe than to any
other shell : it differs much, however, not only in size but also
in globosity.

Compared to the C. cardissa, it is more inflated, the margins
are less spherical, and the beaks are more prominent. It is less
equilateral and more inflated than the C. ovalis, and less elon-
gated and more inflated than the C. rosacea.

276

.y ^ /•

wc#6*^b/y,

10. CYCLAS «¥initiv Moots. M
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Small, pellucid, fragile, transparent, equilateral, some-
what elongated, not much inflated ; outline of the valves oval ;
beaks small, rounded, not prominent ; lines of growth light and
regular ; color in some specimens of a light yellow, in others of
a greenish yellow ; hinge margin very gently rounded ; teeth
small ; cardinal teeth double.

Long. 0.26 ; lat. 0.24 ; diam. 0.17 inches.

Localities. Oswego and Greenwich, N. Y. (Tngalls.) Co-
lumbus, O. (Anthony.)

This seems to be a common shell. I have frequently received
it from Ohio, as the C. partumeia, with which shell it is not possi-
ble to confound it. Its very oval form renders it not only attract-
ive but also distinct from any other species. Compared to the C.
cardissa, it differs in being less globose and in being more elon-
gated. Compared to the C. truncata, it is less inflated, more
elongated, and the margins are more rounded.

11, CYCLAS SECURIS Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 160.
Annals of the N. Y. Lyceum of N..H. v. 218, pi. 6.

Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Animal, of a bright pink color, imparting a pinkish hue to the
shell ; siphons of about the same length, rather small, and of a
pink color ; foot long and very retractile.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 160.

Localities. Cambridge, Mass. (Nobis.) Groton, Mass.
. (Lewis.) Vermont, (Adams.)

This species is allied to the C. truncata, and to the C pellu-
cida; under the description of C. truncata we have compared it
with that shell. Compared to C. pellucida, it is smaller ; it dif-
fers in color ; it is less deep, less broad ; the posterior extremity
is less broad, and the anterior one is more narrow ; the beaks
are a little larger. Compared to the C. rosacea, the margins are
more spherical, the valves are more full, the hinge margin is
more straight, and the beaks are larger. I have found this shell

277

very frequently at Cambridge during the early summer months,
in company with C. truncala and C. clegans. The animal is
very lively and crawls about like a gasteropod.

12. CYCLAS EOSACEA Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.

Cabinet of T. Prime.

Animal, light pink.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.

Locality. Schuylkill River, (Richard.)

Compared to the C. securis, this species is less elevated, more
elongated ; the posterior extremity is not so abrupt, the anterior
extremity is less full, the whole shell is rather more tumid, and
the beaks are not as large. Found in company with C. detrun-
cata.

13. CYCLAS CAEDISSA Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 160.

Cabinet of T. Prime.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 160.

Locality. Massachusetts, (Prime.)

Compared to the C. truncata, this species is more globose,
less elongated, and the margins are more rounded. Compared
to the C. sphcerica, it is also more globose, and the margins are
more rounded.

14. CYCLAS PELLUCIDA Nolis. Stimpson, N. Eng. Moll. 16.

Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.
Cydas calyculala DRAP. Adams, Amer. Jour. xl. 277.

Shell. Transparent, compressed, somewhat rhomboidal, slight-
ly elongated, fragile ; posterior margin abrupt, inferior and ante-
rior ones well rounded ; beaks central, rising like small tuber-
cles, yellow ; lines of growth not visible ; color light gray ;
hinge margin nearly on a straight line ; teeth all small ; cardinal
teeth united.

Long. 0.34 ; lat. 0.28 ; diam. 0.18 inches.

Localities. Vermont, Maine, (Adams.) Canon's River, Cali-
fornia, (Anthony.) Greenwich, Washington County, N. Y.
(Ingalls.)

278

Professor Adams, the discoverer of this shell, thought proper
to refer it to the C. calyculata^ of Europe. I have compared
specimens from Vermont with the C. calyculata from England,
Germany, and Switzerland, and truly striking as is the similarity,
I am inclined to believe our shell to be distinct ; it is a little
more elongated, more compressed, and anteriorly more rounded.

Compared to the C. partumeia, it is much less inflated, the
beaks are smaller but more tumid, as also much smaller. It is
less inflated than the C. securis, and also a little more elongated.
Found plentifully in running brooks under stones. Miglids.

15. CYCLAS PARTUMEIA Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. ii. 380.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Cyclas cornea, var. Lamarck, vi. 268.

Cyclas orbicularia Barratt. Linsley's Cat. of Con. Shells, Amer.

Journ. xlviii ; De Kay, 223, pi. 25, f. 262.
Cyclas mirabilis Prime. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.
Cyclas coerulea Prime. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 161.

Animal. Siphon light pink.

Shell Vide Gould's Report, 73, fig. 54.

Localities. Mainej Vermont, (Adams.) Massachusetts,
(Gould.) Connecticut, (Linsley.) New Jersey, (Richard.) Penn-
sylvania, (Say, Anthony.) Whitehall, N. Y. (Ingalls.) Ohio,
(Jay, Ingalls.) South Carolina, (Ravenel.) Georgia, (Haldeman.)

The general resemblance of this shell to the C. cornea, of
Europe, is very close. Its size, color, and tumid form are the
same. But that species has the beaks much less elevated, is
broader from side to side, and the two ends are almost precisely
alike, without any angle or any widening behind. Our shell is
on the whole more delicate. The young and old differ both in
shape and color. The young are less tumid and larger, and
the disparity of the sides is much greater than in the adult.
They have, also, a light honey-yellow color, and green transpa-
rency. They would scarcely be recognized as the same species,
except by being found in company, and also by being actually
found within the adult shell. Gould's Report, 73. This species
is very common all through New England, and is generally

279

found buried in the mud. Dr. Mighels has found it in Maine,
living mostly in crevices of decayed timber floating in ponds.

The prolificity of this species surpasses that of all others,
especially in the warm months. Mr. Hyde took fifty young
ones out of a single specimen. Say.

16. CYCLAS JAYENSIS Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.

Locality. Lake Superior, (Agassiz.)

This beautiful and rare species somewhat resembles the
C. parlumeia ; it is, however, less inflated, the posterior extre-
mity is more abrupt, and the anterior one less rounded. In out-
line it has some affinity to the C. pellucida^ but the beaks are
larger, and the valves are more inflated.

17. CYCLAS EBURNEA Anthony.
Cabinet of the Ac. Nat. Sc.

Shell Compressed, fragile, nearly equilateral ; posterior ex-
tremity abrupt ; anterior one somewhat rounded, much narrower
than the posterior margin ; inferior margin rounded ; beaks not
large, like tubercles, slightly inclined towards the anterior ;
lines of growth very fine and regular ; color light gray, inter-
spersed with yellow, a narrow zone of yellow round the mar-
gins ; beaks yellow, faint perpendicular lines of the same color
running from the discs to the inferior margin ; hinge margin
nearly straight ; cardinal teeth united, small ; lateral ones not
prominent.

Long. 0.40 ; lat. 0.37 ; diam. 0.20 inches.

Locality. Arkansas, (Anthony.)

This species is somewhat allied to the C. Jayensis ; it differs,
however, in being much less inflated ; the posterior margin is
less abrupt, and the anterior one more rounded ; the beaks are
smaller and less prominent, and the hinge margin is straighter.

Compared to the C. partumeia, it is less full ; the beaks are less
prominent, the margins are generally less rounded ; it is broader
and more equilateral. Compared to the C. pellucida, it is less
elongated, more inflated; the beaks are not so distant, and the

280

whole shell is of a different texture. This is a beautiful species,
as yet very rare, however.

18. CYCLAS DENTATA Haldeman. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. i. 103.

Cabinet of the Ac. Nat. Sc.

Shell. Large, ventricose, somewhat equilateral ; inferior and
anterior margins rounded ; posterior one somewhat angular ;
beaks large, well rounded, distant, not very prominent ; hinge
margin nearly straight ; cardinal teeth single, well visible ;
lateral teeth not prominent, of growth not deep, regular ; color
olive-green, with a dark streak, of little width, some distance
above the inferior margin.

Long. 0.50 ; lat. 0.40 ; diam. 0.36 inches.

Locality. Oregon, (Nuttall.)

The young shell differs from the adult ; it is much more
elongated and more heavily striated ; it is less inflated ; the
beaks are neither as large nor as tumid ; the color is the same.
This species bears a strong resemblance to the C. albula, but it
is somewhat more full ; the posterior extremity is not so angu-
lar ; its anterior extremity is more rounded, and the beaks are
more large and tumid. It is rather more full and less heavily
striated than the C. acwninata. It differs from C. similis, in
being shorter, more equilateral, less heavily striated, and of
a different color ; the young is more full and less elongated than
that of C. similis.

19. CYCLAS ELEVATA Haldeman. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1841,

53. De Kay, 225.

Cabinet of the Ac. of Nat. Sc.

Shell. Ovate, orbicular, nearly spheri-
cal, strong, cavity large, equilateral, mar-
gins well rounded ; beaks central, slightly
inclined towards the anterior, lapping
over the outline of the shell, large, tumid,
approximate ; hinge margin slightly curv-
ed ; cardinal teeth united, prominent;

lateral ones elongated, large ; surface smooth, striation light
and regular ; color brownish olive, greatly varied by zones of a

281

lighter shade, a zone of bright yellow bordering the inferior and
part of the lateral margins.

Long. 0.55 ; lat. 0.50 ; diam. 0.33 inches.

Localities. New Orleans, La. (Blaldeman.)

This beautiful species is, by its spherical form, totally different
from any other known shell. Prof. Haldeman, who discovered
this species at New Orleans, has found but one single valve.

20. CYCLAS FURCATA Rqfinesque. Mss.
Cabinet of the Ac. Nat. Sc.

Shell. Ovate, full, somewhat orbicular, strong ; posterior extre-
mity somewhat angular ; anterior and interior margins rounded,
nearly equilateral ; beaks large, well rounded, but not prominent,
having a tendency towards the anterior; hinge margin very
much curved ; cardinal teeth small ; two united in one ; lateral
ones large, sharp ; surface heavily and regularly striated ; color
uniform dark chestnut-brown, interior bluish.

Long. 0.49 ; lat. 0.43 ; diam. 0.33 inches.

Locality. Ohio ? (Rafinesque.)

The specimens from which this description was made, kindly
sent to me by Prof. Haldeman, were labelled by Rafinesque's
own hand, but I have not been able to find their species in any
work, and conclude it must have been in manuscript.

21. CYCLAS STAMINEA Conrad. Amer. Journ. xxv. 342.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell. Oval, ventricose, inequilateral, with numerous regular,
prominent, concentric lines ; beaks prominent ; anterior and
posterior ends nearly equally rounded ; hinge margin curved ;
cardinal teeth nearly obsolete ; lateral ones distinct and promi-
nent ; interior dark blue.

Long. 0.39 ; lat. 0.34 ; diam. 21 inches.

Locality. Alabama, (Conrad.)

This is a well marked species, not easily to be confounded
with any other.

282

22. CYCLAS SOLIDULA Nob-is. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 158.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 158.

Localities. New River, Va. (Anthony.) Black River,
Highland County, O. (Anthony.)

This species is very common in Ohio, and as well as the
C. distorta is frequently labelled C. similis. Comparing it,
however, to C. similis, it is much more broad, less elongate, and
stronger; the striations are deeper and more regular. The
hinge margin is curved ; whereas, in C. similis it is nearly a
straight line ; the teeth themselves are more robust.

23. CYCLAS GIGANTEA Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.

Localities. Tuscarora Creek, Franklin County, Penn. (Hal-
deman.) Cassadaga Creek, Chatauque County, N. Y. (Red-
field.)

This is our largest known American species, and is as yet but
rare.

Compared to the C. similis, it is found to be more full, less
elongated, broader, the margins are more rounded, the cardinal
teeth are stronger, more heavily striated, of a heavier texture,
and of a different color.

24. CYCLAS PONDEROSA Nolis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 157.

Locality. Lake Superior, (Agassiz.)

With the exception of the C. gigantea, this is our largest
known American species. Hitherto single valves alone have
been found. Compared to tha* C. gigantea^ it is rather more
inflated, the beaks are higher, and the margins are not so well
rounded. Compared to the C. aurca, it is broader, the hinge
margin is less curved, though the color is about the same.

283

25. CYCLAS AUREA Notts. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. w. 159.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Locality. Lake Superior, (Agassiz.)

This is a rare and beautiful species. In outline it is some-
what like the C. si?nilis, but otherwise it is different. Its very
much curved hinge margin renders it distinct from any other
shell.

26. CYCLAS ACUMINATA Notts. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.

Cabinet of theB. S. N. H.
Cyclas albula NOBIS. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.
Locality. Lake Superior, (Agassiz.) Ohio, (Ingalls.)
Compared to the C.flava, this species is larger, more robust,
and of a different color.

27. CYCLAS EMARGINATA Notts. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 156.

Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide B. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 156.

Locality. Lake Superior, (Agassiz.)

Compared to the C. acuminata, this species is smaller, more
oblique ; the hinge margin is more curved, and the lateral teeth
are more prominent ; the coloring and outline are different.

28. CYCLAS BULBOSA Anthony, Mss.
Cabinet of T. Prime.

Shell Not large, short, thick, globose, spherical ; posterior
margin somewhat abrupt ; anterior and inferior ones rounded ;
beaks large, prominent, well rounded ; lines of growth not deep,
but irregular; color yellowish green ; interior light blue; hinge
margin curved ; cardinal teeth nearly obsolete ; lateral ones not
very prominent ; posterior tooth the more elongated.

Long. 0.38 ; lat. 0.33 ; diam. 0.28 inches.

Locality. Arkansas, (Anthony.)

284

This is our most spherical and globular species, and owing
to these distinctive marks, it is not very likely to be confounded
with any fcther.

29. CYCLAS FLAVA Nobis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 155.
Locality. Sault Ste Marie, (Agassiz.)

This species seems to bear no particular affinity to any other ;
it is remarkable for its uniform yellowish color.

30. CYCLAS MODESTA Notts. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Animal. Tubes light reddish yellow.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Localities. Greenwich, Washington County, N. Y., Hoosack
River, (Ingalls.) Pennsylvania, (Haldeman.) Saratoga Lake,
N. Y. (Nobis.)

This species is somewhat similar to the C. distorta ; it differs,
however, in being less inflated and less broad, also in being
decidedly less heavily striated.

The animal is very lively.

31. CYCLAS SIMPLEX Notts. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Cabinet of the Ac. Nat. Sc.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Locality. Fox River, 111. (Haldeman.)

This species, of which one valve only has been found, and
that a dead shell, does not seem to be very closely allied to any
other. Compared to the C. modesta, it is more inflated ; the
beaks are more tumid ; the margins are more rounded, and the
posterior cardinal tooth double in the right valve and single in
the C. simplex, is double in the C. modesta.

285

32. CYCLAS INORNATA Nolis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.
Cabinet of the Ac. Nat. Sc.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 159.

Locality. Illinois, (Haldeman.)

One dead valve of this species is all that has, as yet, been
found.

Compared to the C. similis^ it is less elongated ; the lateral
margins are less rounded, the cardinal teeth are also more rudi-
mentary.

33. CYCLAS DISTOETA Nolis. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 158.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 158.

Localities. Ohio, (Adams and Agassiz.) Maryland, (Fore-
man.)

This shell has been confounded with *C. similis ; it is, how-
ever, more compact, broader, less equilateral, less elongated ;
the hinge margin is more spherical. Compared to the C. soli-
dula, it is more elongated, the margins are less rounded, the stria-
tions are heavier and more irregular, and the coloring is dif-
ferent.

34. CYCLAS TENUIS Notts. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 161.
Cabinet of the B. S. N. H.

Shell Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iv. 161.

Localities. Massachusetts ? (Stimpson.) Androscogoin, Me.
(Girard.)

This species closely resembles the young of C. transversa ;
it differs, however, in being more inflated and less elongated ;
it is broader in latitude.

35. Ci-CLAS PATELLA Gould. Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iii. 293.

Shell. Vide Bost. S. N. H. Proc. iii. 293.

Locality. Oregon, (Gould.)

This is to be compared with C. cornea, on account of the

286

peculiar rounded form of the dorsal margin ; the umbones not
rising so as to interfere with the general outline. The cavity of
the beaks is still more shallow ; the sulcation coarser, and the
color yellowish rather than green, and on the whole, the shell is
more dense and larger. Gould.

December 1, 1852.
Dr. Cabot in the Chair.

Mr. Stodder mentioned, that a recent cut at East Boston
had exposed a curious feature in the drift formation at that
place. The drift deposit there consists of a layer of gravel
with an undulating surface of uniform thickness, underly-
ing a deposit of clay. At the place recently exposed,
cracks in the clay are seen from six inches to three or
four feet in width, and some of them fifteen feet deep,
filled with the drift overlying it. What was the origin of
these cracks?

The Secretary read a letter from Prof. N. Julius Budge,
of Bonn, asking an exchange of the Society's Publications
for those of the Natural History Society of Prussia and
Westphalia. Referred to the Publishing Committee.

Two pamphlets on the Sugar Cane were presented in
the name of Mr. G. H. Gallup. The thanks of the Society
were voted for the donation.

December 15, 1852.
The President in the Chair.

Mr. Hitchcock presented a very perfect specimen of a
Crystal of Spodumene, from Norwich. Mass. ; also fossil

287

fruits and Lignite, from Brandon, Vt., and Fucoids from
the tertiary deposit of Massachusetts.

Dr. Gould remarked, that at Brandon extensive iron
works are carried on, in which the only fuel used is the
Lignite, of that locality, which was accidentally discovered
about the time the works went into operation. In working
one of the drifts, timbers were found supporting galleries,
constructed some sixty years ago, which had become con-
verted into the same substance. The Lignite when found
is moist, and must be kept so to preserve the fruits entire.

The President called the attention of the Society to a
subject which he regarded as one of much importance,
namely, the introduction of foreign fish into our waters.
Several species, highly prized in Europe, such as the Turbot
and Sole, might, he thought, be brought over and become
very valuable articles of trade. In France the experiment
had been tried of raising salt water species in the fresh
water Lakes of the interior with complete success. He
stated, that at his request the American Minister to Eng-
land had made inquiries in relation to the matter, and
obtained estimates as to the necessary expense, but no
attempt had been made as yet to carry the proposition into
effect.

With reference to the difficulty experienced in transfer-
ring living fish from one locality to another at a distance,
the Secretary stated, that he had been told that the experi-
ment had been recently tried of introducing the Musca-
longe, Esox Tiobilior, from one of the Western Lakes into a
pond at Cape Cod. The fish arrived safely within the
borders of Massachusetts, but died almost immediately on
changing the water, in which they were brought, at one of
the railway stations.

Dr. Gould stated, that several attempts to bring living
fresh water shells from Cuba and England to this country
had failed, as the vapor of salt water seems to be fatal to
them, whether they are brought in mud, in water, or dry.

288

This fact would furnish an argument, if one were needed,
against the identity of species apparently the same, in these
different quarters of the world.

Mr. Ayres stated, that in France salt water fish had been
propagated in fresh water by conveying their ova from one
locality to the other.

M/. Ayres remarked, that the Muscalonge, (Esox nobilior,)
fifteen years ago, was introduced into a pond eight miles
west of Bellows Falls. Since then the embankment of the
pond has been broken through, allowing the fish to escape
into the Connecticut, where they are now quite numerous
in the still water at the foot of Bellows Falls. They
have gradually made their way down the river to within
fifty miles of Long Island Sound.

The President recurred to the original subject of remark,
and said he considered it a matter of considerable import-
ance, and he hoped the Society would take some action
with regard to it.

The President's remarks led to a somewhat desultory
conversation on the subject of the Fisheries of the State.

Mr. Bouve stated, that the town of Pembroke had here-
tofore enjoyed a considerable revenue from the Herrings
which annually visited certain ponds within its territory.
At a particular season, they were taken in great numbers
in seines, and distributed to the citizens under the supervi-
sion of officers legally appointed. Owing to a difference
which had arisen between the inhabitants and those of the
towns between them and the sea, as to certain charges con-
nected with the fishery, they had determined on extermi-
nating these fish by intercepting them on their way up.
The work had been commenced the past year, and there
was every prospect of its being completely successful, so
that this valuable fishery was in danger of being entirely
cut off.

Mr. H. R. Storer spoke of the serious injury the coast
fishery had sustained from the incursion of the Blue Fish.

Description of New Species of Pisidium. 65

IX. — Descriptions of Three New Species o/PisiDlUM.
By TEMPLE PRIME. Read September 6, 1853.

i. Pisidium cicer.

CABINET OF THE DESCRIBEE,

Plate I Fig. 1, a, b, e.

Shell medium sized, much inflated, rather short, thick and
heavy ; beaks not large but prominent ; posterior margin some-
what abrupt. Striae light. Epidermis glossy. Anterior mar-
gin abrupt from the beaks downwards. Color brownish green.
Interior blue. Length 0.25, Breadth 0.23, Diam. 0.12 inches.

Habitat.— Washington County, K Y. (Ingalls.)

Remarks. — A rare shell ; more inflated and heavier than either
P. compressum or P. altile.

2. Pisidium contort urn.

[CABINET OF THE NEW YORK LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Plate I. Fig. 2, <z, 6, c.

Shell small, elongated ; beaks large and prominent ; anterior
margin very abrupt, posterior one less so ; slight ridges from the
beak towards the inferior part of the anterior margin. Sulca-
tions slight. Length 0.13, Breadth 0.07, Diam. 0.5 inches.

Habitat. — Found subfossil at Pittsfield, Mass., in company
with P. ventricosum. (Shurtleff.)

Remarks. — This is a singular species, unlike any other of this

66 On the Identity of Cyclas elegans, &c.

country. Its foreign analogue is the P. sinualum of Bourgui-
gnat. See Petit's Jour, for 1852, page 49.

3. Pisidium IVoveboracense*

CABINET OF THE NEW YORK LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

Plate I. Fig. 3, a, b. c.

Shell large, high, not much elongated, full ; beaks prominent
and large ; anterior margin elongated, posterior one curved.
Sulcations not very light. Color varying from greenish-yellow
to brown. Interior light blue. Length 0.35, Breadth 0.18.
Diam. 0.13 inches.

Habitat. — "Washington County, JST. Y. (Ingalls), and Herki-
mer County, 1ST. Y. (Lewis).

Remarks. — This is one of our largest American species. Com-
pared to the P. dubium, it is less elongated, less robust, less
heavily marked, and differently colored. Found in plenty.

X. — On the Identity of CYCLAS ELEGANS Adams, with CYCLAS

KHOMBOIDEA Say.
By TEMPLE PRIME. Head September 5, 1853.

In 1822, Say published as follows, in the Jour, of the Acad.
of Nat. Sci., vol. ii., page 380 :—

" Cyclas rhomboidea. — Shell transversely orbicular, rhombiform, sub-
equilateral, pale with elevated somewhat transverse lines, umbo not promi-
nent.

On the Identity of Gyclas eleganSj &c. 67

'•''Long, more than one quarter of an inch. It inhabits Lake Cham-
plain. It is probable this species attains a larger size than the two spe-
cimens from which the above description was taken, and which were
found by Mr. Augustus Jessup ; it is distinguishable from the similis by
its more rhomboidal form."

Like many other of Mr. Say's species, that are not accompa-
nied by figures, this species has never been properly identified.

The young of the shell figured in Gould's Eeport as C. similis,
has frequently been mistaken, owing to its more or less qua-
drangular form, for the C. rhomboidea ; but nearly every cabinet
seems to have had this species represented by something dif-
ferent.

In 1851, Adams sent me a Cyclas from Lake Champlain,
which he had always looked upon as G. rhomboidea ; on com-
paring it with the original description, I found it necessary to
differ from him.

It was not until the summer of 1852, that having collected
some C. elegans in the waters of the same lake, I was impressed
with the idea that this might be Say's shell.

On comparing figure 4 on plate I. (which is a true repre-
sentation of both the adult and young of C. elegans), with Say's
description, it will be found to tally in every respect, especially
if \ve take into consideration that the specimens from which
Say described, were not adults.

Say's and Adams's descriptions are not quite similar; Say's is
shorter, but it is concise, and contains all that is requisite ; it ap-
proaches nearer to Gould's. Say and Adams, however, both
make the shells out to be rhomboidal, to have beaks that are not
prominent, and to be the same in coloring.

Little as I like changing a well established name, I think
it, nevertheless, obligatory in this case ; and I have hopes that
naturalists, taking the three following very forcible reasons, first,
that the C. elegans answers the description of Say's C. rhom-
boidea; secondly, that it is found in the same locality; and

68 On the Identity of Gyclas elegans, &c.

thirdly, that no other Cyclas, coming at all under the 'scope of
Say's description, has ever been obtained from Lake Champlain ;
will see the necessity of the change, and will side with me for
the future, in considering Adams's C. elegans.-as Say's C. rhom-
boidea, and in labelling it as such.

Dekay, in his Report, has described and figured the adult
of this species under its true name ; the young, however, he calls
C. elegans.

in.Iyc.NatHisr.Vol.VI.

Plate I

Fig. 5, Ti^. 6,

44 ••

Iith of Na$e

NT

1, Pisidium cictr Prime

2 , .. cantortum „

4, Cclas

Say.

Mel am a fr&cihtr ./[nth.

A ^, ..... l^oo /fnf-h/

Descriptions of New Species of MARGINELLA, with Notes on
Sundry Species of MARGINELLA and CYPRJEA. By JOHN H,
REDFIELD. Read May 24th, 1852.

MARGINELLA vexillum.

Testa ovata, straminea, fasciis inaequalis purpureo-fiiscis alto concin-
he catenatis ornata : anfractibus 4 — 5, spir£ mediocri, conica ; labio
crasso, purpureo-punctato, intus denticulate ; columelld albo callosa, 4-
plicata; apertura angiista.

DESCRIPTION. — Shell ovate, composed of 4 to 5 whorls, with
a moderately conical spire. The ground-work of the coloring
is yellowish white$ which is crossed at irregular intervals by
unequal bands of purplish browa, (the example before us dis-
playing six of them.) On close examination these bands are
found to be composed of an exquisite chain work, consisting
of transverse alternating white and brown lines, the lighter
ones being regularly interrupted by darker longitudinal lines.
In the upper band the transverse chain work is less apparent,
and vertical lines are more predominant. Beside the trans-
verse bands which form the most conspicuous markings of the
shell, the example before us exhibits traces of vertical highly
undulating lines of yellow, arranged in flames or patches, of
which 7 or 8 may be seen on the body whorl. Probably this
is more apparent when the enamel is in perfect condition:
The outer lip is much thickened, covered with brown dots,
and denticulate within. The columellar margin is covered
with a white callosity, and has four plaits. Aperture rather
Harrow.

Length, 0.71 inch, (19 millim.) Breadth, 0.41 inch, (11
millim.)

Habitat. — Cape Palmas, "West Africa.

Remarks. — The only example known to me of this elegant

2 Descriptions of New Species of Marginella, Sfc.

species, belongs to the collection of Greo. A. Perkins, M.D., now
of Salem, Mass., formerly missionary at C. Palmas, by whose
kindness I have been permitted to describe it. Although in
tolerably good condition, it has probably lost the original
brightness of its enamel. In size and form it closely ap-
proaches M. Belcher i Hinds, and even in the style of mark-
ing, it somewhat resembles some varieties of that species, but
is at once distinguished by its greatly thickened, denticulate
and dotted lip. In its thickened lip and ventral callosity it
is allied to M. Petitii Duval, but is much smaller, and quite
differently marked.

MARGINELLA amabilis.

M. carnea (in part) Sowb. Thes. Conch., p. 398, pi. 76, f. 102, 114,
(not of Storer.)

In Annals of Lye. Nat. Hist,, vol. 4, p. 495, I expressed a
doubt whether the figures above cited were truly referable to
M.t carnea Storer. I have since become convinced that they
are not. Fig. 103 of the same plate in the Thesaurus truly re-
presents Storer's shell, but Sowerby erroneously regarded that
figure as a variety, and not as the typical form, and hence his
description, which is well worded, applies not to the true M.
carnea, but to the form which we now separate under the
above name. The M. amabilis is larger and more elongate
than M. carnea, and the rich flesh-colored tinge which the
back of the shell exhibits, is arranged in three bands in the
former, while in the latter only two are evident. The junc-
tion of the spire and lip is less shouldered in M. amabilis, and
the lip is usually marked by two brown spots. In short, it
is as closely related on the one hand to M. oblonga Swains.
as it is to M. carnea Storer ^ on the other, and has near affini-
ties also to M. guttata Dill.

Length, 0.75 inch, (20 millim.) Breadth, 0.46 inch, (12

Descriptions of New Species of Mar ginella, Sfc. 3

millim.) A very old worn example measured 25 millim. long,
and 14. millim. broad.

Habitat. — It is said to be brought from the coast of Yu-
catan. M. carnea is well known to occur at Key "West.

MARGINELLA antiqua — Fossil.

Testa elongato-ovata, polita, spira obtecta : labio extus incrassato,
intus acute denticulate ; cdumella oblique quadriplicata ; apertura an-
gusta, ad extremain spiram extensa.

DESCRIPTION. — Shell oblong-ovate, with polished enamel ;
lip much thickened without, closely and deeply denticulate
within, and extending quite to the summit of the spire which
is entirely'concealed by a vitreous deposite ; aperture narrow ;
columella with four oblique well developed plaits.

Length, 1.10 inch, (28 millim.) Breadth, 0.57 inch, (14
millim.)

Habitat. — Found in the miocene tertiary deposites of
Petersburgh, Va.

Remarks. — It is a pity that this large and striking Mar-
ginella (for which I am indebted to Chas. M. Wheatley, Esq.)
should have lived at a period when no conchologist existed to
appreciate its elegance, such as it must have exhibited in its
freshness, — and it is equally fortunate that it has so well sur-
vived the vicissitudes of ages, as to show most of its original
beauties, deprived only of color. I am acquainted with no re-
cent species which illustrates its character. It would occupy
an intermediate position between M. bullata Born, and M.
angustata Sowb., but for its serrated lip, and less cylin-
drical form.

In a catalogue of the Marginellidae in my collection,
printed for distribution, appear the names of Marginella
GambiensiS) and M. vermiculata. Both these names I have
since abandoned, the former proving to be a variety of M

4 Descriptions of New Species of Marginella, 8fc.

amygdala Kiener, and the latter having been given to a worn
example of a peculiar aspect, which is now ascertained to be-
long to a variety of M. quinqueplicata Lam. M. Petit, in his
"Journal de Conchy liologie " for Nov. 1851, describes and
figures a Marginella Hainesii, which is apparently identical
with the shell I had called M. vermiculata, and does not ap-
pear to me to possess sufficient distinctive characters to war-
rant its separation from M. quinqueplicata. Should it prove
otherwise, the name of M. Hainesii must be adopted.

In the same journal (which should be more widely known
and circulated among conchologists than it is), May, 1851,
M. Petit has published a well-digested catalogue of recent and
fossil Marginellce. Including Erato and excluding a few
species which M. Petit thinks should be retained for the genus
Volvaria, he enumerates 155 recent and 27 fossil species.
"We note here, that M. pudica Gaskoin, which appears in the
catalogue as a distinct species, should have been placed as a
synonym to our M. chrysomelina. We are in doubt as to M.
Delessertiana Recluz, not having seen the description in Re-
vue Zool, 1841. but from the fact that M. Petit doubtfully
quotes for this species fig. 141 of Sowerby's Thesaurus, we
are inclined to regard it as identical with Orbigny's M. alboli-
neata, which does not appear in M. Petit's catalogue, and which
Sowerby's fig. 141 certainly represents. If identical, Recluz'
name has probably precedence, though the current French
mode of publishing works of the character of the " Mollusques
de Cuba" in fasciculi, without date, renders it difficult to de-
cide this point. M- ovuliformis Orb. seems also have been
overlooked by M. Petit.

In an article aiming to show the distinctive character of
Cyprcea histrio, and C. reticulata, published in vol. 4 of An-
nals of Lye. Nat. Hist., pp. 447, 448, I mentioned that I had
not had opportunity to consult Meuschen's Museum Greversia-

Descriptions of New Species of Mar Amelia, 8^c. 5

rmm for the the original mention of C. histrio. Since then,
the munificence of Dr. T. B. Wilson, "of Philadelphia, has
supplied the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
that city with a large number of rare books upon natural his-
tory, among which is the Museum Greversianum, from which
I am now enabled to quote what is said of the species in
question, with Meuschen's references.

"No. 1381, P. (Porcellana) histrio : elevatior, testa maculis atro-niscis,
albida fusco-reticulata.

Linn. 327 *. sen. o. Seba iii. 55 in No. 23. Lister 659, 3 a.
Argenv. Suppl. 2 L. Rumphius 39 R? Petiv. Gaz. 63 b.

These citations, particularly that of Lister's figure, seem
to fix distinctly the history and character of C. histrio as a
distinct shell from Martyn's.

In confirmation of the views expressed in that paper, I am
enabled, by the kindness of Dr. Gould, to communicate the
following note made by Mr. Couthouy, at Disappointment
Island, (A-too-a,) while connected with the IL S. Exploring
Expedition, showing that the soft parts of C. reticulata differ
essentially from those both of C. arabica and C. histrio.

" This (C. maculata Barnes— C. reticulata Martyri) was
published as a distinct species from C. arabica, by Barnes,
with very good reason, notwithstanding it was disputed in the
same journal by some English author not recollected, who as-
serts it to be nothing but a variety of that shell. Q,uoy and
Gaimard, however, figure that as having the mouth sprinkled
with simple white tubercles, and there is a black band on the
extremity of the siphon. In C. maculata the mantle is nearly
the color of burnt sienna, with undulating veins of very deep
brown, and very thickly ornamented with short, slender, and
taper papillae. Towards the aperture it is lighter colored than
elsewhere. The white patches on the back are all distinct and
separate, as in C. histrio, but the animal is widely distinct from
that species.''1

Ornithological Notes. 13

They have a peculiar cry, something like tearing the dry husk
from an ear of corn. From this, the soldiers called them " corn
huskers."

I often saw other and smaller birds building on the same tree
with them. They are quite familiar, I have had them come
within ten feet of me.

TURDUS SOLITARIUS (Wilson). Abundant on the San Anto-
nio river — uncommon further south. I saw none on the Kio
Grande.

ATHENE HYPUGCEA (Bon.) Burrowing Owl. Abundant on
the Rio Grande.

MILVULUS FORFICATUS (Gm.) Swallow-tailed Fly-catcher.
Abundant in South Western Texas ; seemed to prefer the high
dry hills, though seen often among the timber. I found them
on the prairies, at least twenty miles from water, perched upon
some tall weed or dead bush.

CYANOCORAX LUXUOSUS (Lesson.) Abundant on the Lower
Rio Grande — uncommon above Ringgold Barracks. I saw
several of their nests ; all high, and difficult to get at. Very
courageous.

COLUJIBA FLAVIROSTRIS Wagler. Not uncommon on the
Rio Grande. In 1846 I saw many of them on the Alamo (in
Mexico). Seem to prefer thick wooded country, and near
streams of running water. Often to be seen perched upon high
dead trees, giving forth their mournful notes.

COLUMBA LEUCOPTERA Linn., White-winged Dove. Abun-
dant on the Rio Grande. Finds abundant food from the mus-
quite and ebony bean. Its habits are much like the Turtle
Dove.

14 Descriptions of New Species of Helicidoe.

MACRORAMPHUS SCOLOPACEUS (Say) Lawrence. Uncommon
— saw but few of them. Those seen were at a salt pond, called
Aqua Nueva, in South Western Texas, at least one hundred
miles from the coast.

PLECTROPHANES McCowNii Lawrence. Procured two spe-
cimens on the Texas prairies. I fired at a flock of Shore Larks,
and found this bird among the killed. The Shore Larks rose
several times, and settled again before I fired.

TYRANNULA CINERASCENS Lawrence, Ash-colored Fly-
catcher. The only specimen procured was killed between San
Antonio and the Eio Grande, near a small water course.

IV. — Descriptions of New Species

By JOHN H. REDFIELD. Read March 21, 1853.

1. Bulimus lentiginosus.

Testa perforata, ovato-comca, tenui, subtilissime transverse striata,
luteola, maculis rufis irregulariter aspersa, epidermide tenuissima, luteolo-
fuscescente induta ; spira conica, obtusiuscula ; anfractibus 5, convexius-
culis, ultimo f longitudinis subsequante ; columella valde oblique uni-
plicata, plica superne guttula distincta ; apertura ovali-oblonga ; peri-
stomate reflexiusculo, roseo-purpureo.

Shell perforated, ovate-conic, very thin, with transverse
microscopic striae ; color yellowish, irregularly freckled with
spots of deep reddish brown, which are less abundant on the

Descriptions of New Species of Helicida. 15

lower half of the last whorl ; covered with a thin yellowish or
brownish epidermis ; spire conical, rather obtuse ; whorls five,
somewhat convex, the last equalling f of the total length;
columella with a strong oblique fold, which is so sharply defined
on its upper side as to form a distinct canal ; aperture oval-
oblong ; peristome reflected, reddish purple.

Length, 1.55 inch (40 millim.). Breadth, 0.82 inch (22
millim.).

Length of aperture within, 0.90 inch (23 millim.). Breadth
of do. 0.45 inch (12 millim.).

A smaller variety occurs more rarely, in which the epider-
mis is of darker color, and the spots are sometimes entirely
wanting.

Habitat. — District of San Fernando, in the island of Trinidad,
400 feet above the sea, where it was found by Mr. MacMurray —
on the ground in woods among moist vegetation, on rich yellow
spongy soil, not rocky. One example was also found in the
neighborhood of the penal settlement, situate at the junction of
the Massaroony and Essequibo rivers, Demerara, during Mr.
MacMurray's visit to that place.-

Remarks. — Belongs to the group of which B. pudicus, B.
auris-sileni, B. malleatus, B. fulguratus are representatives, and
for which Guilding proposed Plekocheilus as a subgeneric title.
It also somewhat resembles B. pulicarius Gray, in form and
coloration, but differs in sculpture and in the character of the
columellar plait, and cannot easily be confounded with that or
any other known species.

2. Biilimus Siamensi§.

Testa sinistrorsa, rimato-perforata, ventricoso-conica ; tenui, oblique
minute striata, cornea ; spira conica, subacuta ; anfractibus 7, convex-

16 Descriptions of New Species of Helicidm.

iusculis, ultimo spira breviori, subcarinato ; apertura quadrata ; peristo-
mate simplici, revoluto-expanso, albo; marginibus approximatis, colu-
mellari dilatato.

Shell sinistral, perforate, ventricose-conic, with fine oblique
incremental striae, horn-colored ; spire conical, somewhat acute ;
whorls seven, rather convex, the last shorter than the spire and
obtusely keeled ; aperture subquadrate ; peristome simple, revo-
lutely expanded, white ; margins approximated ; columellar
margin dilated.

Length, 0.75 inch (19 millim.). Breadth, 0.40 inch (10
millim.).

Aperture within, 0.24 inch (6 millim.) long, and 0.18 inch
(4J millim.) broad.

Habitat. — Siam.

Remarks. — I am indebted to Dr. T. E. Ingalls of Greenwich,
N. Y., for this interesting species. It is allied to B. verier abilis
Parreyss, from Transylvania, but is much more ventricose, and
differs in having the last whorl keeled, a little after the manner
of the genus Cylindrella. Bulimus Chersonesicus Sow., and B.
arcuatus Pfr. are also related to it, but differ both in form and
coloring.

3. Helix circumfirmata.

Testa umbilicata, conoid eo-depressa, oblique leviter striata, fusco-
cornea, maculis strigisque rufis obscure radiata ; spira obtusa ; anfracti-
bus 7i, subplanis, ultimo subcarinato, non descendente, subtus convexo ;
umbilico mediocri ; apertura lunari, intus lamella alba, acuta, subtus
peripheriam revolvente externe conspicua, munita ; columella obliqua,
callo interno revolvente instructa ; peristomate simplici, acuto.

Shell umbilicated, depressed-conoidal, with faint oblique
incremental striae, brownish horn-colored, obscurely rayed with

Descriptions of New Species of Hklicidte. 17

yellowish brown spots above and lines beneath ; spire obtuse ;
whorls ?5 ; very slightly convex, last one obtusely carinated,
not deflected, convex beneath; umbilicus moderate; aperture
lunar, strengthened within by a sharp but strong white lamella
which revolves beneath the periphery, and is plainly visible
through the substance of the shell, throughout the last whorl ;.
columella very oblique^, thickened into a callus which extends,
inwardly around the umbilical portion of the shell ; lip simple^
acute.

Greater diameter 0,42 inch (11 millim,). Lesser do. 0.39 inch
(10 millim.).

Height 0.24 inch (6. millim.).

Habitat. — Bermuda, where it is rarely found under stones in
plantations on the hill near St. George's, in company with Helix

microdonta Desh., Bulimus ventrosus Fer.,^ Helicina , and

Succinea . It has been collected by our associates, Mr.

T. Bland and Mr. T. Prime, by Mr. Eobert Swift of St. Thomas.
— and also by the late Prof. Adams.

* The occurrence of Bulimus ventrosus Fer. at Bermuda, has, we believe, not
been before noticed, and is an interesting fact as exhibiting an area of habitat
very unusual in a terrestrial species. Its occurrence is now authenticated
at the following points : — Southern France, Draparnaud, Lamarck, and others ;
Italy, Lamarck; Southern Greece, Deshayes ; Portugal, Morelet ; Barbary,
Terver ; Madeira, Lowe ; Canary Islands and Azores, Orbigny, Webb and Berthe-
lot ; Bermudas, Swift, Bland, Prime, and Adams. This general insular distribu-
tion is peculiarly remarkable, and it seems difficult to account for this exception
to a well known law, except by bringing in the aid of human agency. The early
colonization of the Madeiras and Canary Islands by the Portuguese, could easily
occasion the accidental introduction of small European species of terrestrial shells
— and we accordingly find other instances of a similar kind in the fauna of those
islands. This might also happen in the Azores, distant as they are; but in the
case of the Bermudas, this probability is much lessened by the fact of their colo-
nization, trade, and communication having been mostly confined to Great Britain,
where this species does not exist.

MAY, 1853. 2 Ax?*- LTC- NAT- HIST- VoL' Vf-

1 8 Descriptions of New Species of Helicidce.

Remarks. — In form, this species approaches Helix cinctella
Drap. from Europe, and H. Eawsonis Pfr. from Mauritius, but
its other characteristics refer it to the lamellated group of which
H. pila Ad. is a representative, and which Beck in 1837
proposed to elevate to a subgenus under the name of SAGDA.

DESCRIPTIONS

tto Spmes 0f

FROM THE

SAEDWICH ISLANDS.

BY DR> TV. NEWCOMB,
Qfffonoluln, GvrrefiXMdino Member of the 2f. T. Lyceum of Natural Hittoro.

f From the Annala of tbe N. Y. Lyceum of Nat. His., Vol. TL, forming Art. V. pp. 18-30. May, 1853.]

1. Achatinella violaeea,

Testa dextrorsa, ovato-oblonga, solida, longitudinaliter valde striat^,
violaeea, striis pallidis varia ; anfractibus septem, convexis ; sutura sim-
plici et valde impressa ; apertura ovata ; columella brevi, in plicam
albam, contortam desinente ; labio simplici.

Shell dextral, ovate -oblong, solid; whorls seven, convex,
strongly striate longitudinally ; suture plain and deeply im-
pressed; aperture ovate; columella short, terminating in a
twisted plait ; lip simple. Color violaceous with light colored
striae.

Length 1.1 inch. Breadth 0.55 inch.

— MolokaL

2 Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella.

2. Achatinella tessellata.

Testa sinistrorsa, ovato-oblonga, solida, minutissime decussata, albido-
flavescente, plerumque vittis transversis nigris vel castaneis diverse
picta ; anfractibus convexis, ultimo paulum inflate, superioribus nigro et
albido semper tessellatis ; apertura alba vel rosea, ovata, infra effusa ;
columella brevi et late callosa ; labio columellari lato, subreflexo.

Shell sinistral, ovate-oblong, solid, with minute decussating
striae, color white or fawn-colored, variously striped or not with
black or chestnut bands, upper whorls always tessellated with
black and white ; whorls convex, the last somewhat inflated ;
aperture white or roseate, ovate, effuse below ; columella short
and broadly callous • columellar lip broad and slightly reflected.

Length 1 to 1.1 inch. Breadth 0.6 inch.

Animal — Body light grey, mantle slate color.
Habitat. — Molokai.

Remarks. — This shell in form and general appearance ap-
proaches A. virgulata Mighels, but may be readily distin-
guished at any period of its growth by the tessellations on the
upper whorls, by its more robust form, and by differences in
the animal.

3. Achatinella Adamsi.

Testa dextrorsa, conica, acuminata, transversim exile et longitudinali-
ter rugulose striata, fusco-castanea irregulariter albido punctat£ et
strigata ; sutura valde impressa ; anfractibus sex, ultimo infra medium
fascia alba interrupta ; apertura plumbea ; columella in plicam solidam,
abrupte tortam desinente ; labio simplici.

Shell dextral, conically acuminate, finely striated transversely,

Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella. 3

roughly striate longitudinally ; whorls six ; suture deeply im-
pressed; columella terminating in a strong abruptly twisted
plait ; lip simple, interior of shell of a leaden blue color ; exte-
rior dark chestnut, irregularly mottled and striped with white,
with an interrupted white band encircling the lower half of the
body whirl.

Length 0.9 inch. Breadth 0.5 inch.

Habitat. — Makawao, Maui.

Remarks. — Allied to A. perdix Keeve, but differs in mark-
ing.

4. Achatinella splcndida.

Testa sinistrorsa, ovato-acuminata, solida, striis exilibus decussata,
alba, lineis multis vittisque transversalibus castaneis ornata ; linearum et
vittarum margine superiore integro, inferior! irregulariter serrato; sutura
modice impressa, marginata ; anfractibus sex, duobus superioribus albido
et castaneo tessellatis, ultimo sub-inflato ; apertura ovata ; columella
brevi, lata et contorta ; labio expanse.

Shell sinistral, solid, ovate-acuminate, finely decussately
striated ; suture moderately impressed, margined ; whorls six ;
body whorl somewhat inflated ; aperture ovate, lip expanded,
columella short, broad and twisted ; the two upper whorls tes-
sellated with chestnut and white, lower whorl with numerous
chestnut-colored transverse lines and fillets traced on a polished
white ground ; markings correctly lined superiorly and irregu-
larly serrated inferiorly.

Length 1 inch. Breadth 0.55 inch.

Variety *. — Bright chestnut, banded with white.
Habitat. — Waialuku, Maui.

4: Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella.

5. Achatinella Oouldi.

Testa dextrorsa, ovato-conica, longitudinaliter striata, albido-luteola ;
sutura subimpressa, haud vel levissime marginata; anfractibus sex,
plano-convexis, tertio lineis brevibus fuscis, formae zic-zac notato, inferio-
ribus tribus lineolis variis fuscis cinctis ; apertura rotundo-ovatj/, flaves-
cente ; columella subcallosa ; labio expanse et inferne reflexo.

Shell dextral, conically ovate, longitudinally striate ; suture
moderate, not margined, or but slightly so ; whorls six, flatly
convex. Color yellowish- white, with zig-zag lines of brown on
the third whorl, and brown lineations more or less numerous
encircling the three lower whorls ; aperture rounded-ovate,
yellowish ; columella lightly callous ; lip expanded and below
reflected.

Length 0.85. Breadth 0.45 inch.

Habitat. — On Tutui trees, Wailuku valley, Maui.
6. Achatinella riifa.

Testa sinistrorsa, conico-ovata, solida, striis decussata, fusco-rubra, epi-
dermide fusco, albo-permixto induta ; sutura simplici, subimpressa ;
anfractibus sex, plano-convexis; anfr. superioribus epidermidis lineolis
albis in zic-zac dispositis, quse in ultimo anfr. in fusco-cinereo concolore
evanescunt; anfr. ultimo, infra medium albo-zonat^f; apertura fusco-
rubra ; columella valde callosa ; umbilico exiguo aperto ; labio expanso,
inferne reflexo.

Shell sinistral, conically ovate, solid, with decussating striae ;
ground color externally and internally brownish red, covered
with an epidermis of a mottled brown and white, the latter
arranged on the central whorls in fine zig-zag markings, which
are lost on the last whorl in a uniform greyish umber;
lower half of this whorl encircled by a broad white band;

Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella. 5

whorls six, flatly convex ; suture plain, moderately impressed ;
columella strongly callous ; umbilicus open, small ; lip ex-
panded, reflected below.

Length 0.9 inch. Breadth 0.5 inch.

Habitat. — Molokai.

7. Achatinella Redfieldi.

Testa sinistrorsa, elongata, conica, longitudinaliter striata; colore
albido-flavo, inferne in castaneum fuscum transiente, fascia alba suturali,
interdum fasciis fuscis, obscure undulatis in tertio solum anfractu ;
anfractibus sex ; sutura impressa, marginata ; apertura subovata ; colu-
mella fusca, plana et contorta ; labio subreflexo, fusco.

Shell sinistral, elongate, conical, striated longitudinally. Color
light fawn passing into deep chestnut, paler above, plain or with
transverse chestnut bands with obscure undulations upon the
third whorl only ; a white band also traverses the suture.
Whorls six ; suture well impressed, slightly margined : aperture
snbovate ; columella brown, flat, and twisted : lip slightly
reflected, color of the columella.

Length 1 inch. Breadth 0.45 inch.

Habitat. — Wailuku, Maui.

8. Achatinella ovata.

Testa dextrorsa, ovata, nitida ; longitudinaliter exilissime striata,
superne pallido-carnea, anfr. duobus ultimis albis, pallido fusco obscure
vittatis; anfractibus sex, convexis; sutura subimpressa, marginata;
apertura subovata ; columella in plicam contorta, subcallosa ; labio sub-
reflexo, nigro-fusco.

6 Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella.

Shell dextral, elongate ovate, polished, finely striated longi-
tudinally. Color light flesh-colored above, two last whirls white
obscurely banded with light brown : whorls six, convex ;
suture slightly impressed, margined : aperture subovate ; colu-
mella twisted into a plait, slightly callous : lip slightly reflected,
dark brown.

Length 0.9 inch. Breadth 0.45 inch.

Variety «. Shell white, bluish white above, without coloring
or bands.

Habitat. — Waiauai, Oahu.

9. Achatinella clubia.

Testa dextrorsa, conico-elongata, tenui, minute decussatim striata,
pallido-cornea, lineis zic-zac et maculis pallidis notata ; anfractibus sex ;
sutura simplici ; apertura ovata ; columella alba, in testis junioribus
bulimoidea, in adultis callo conspicuo prsedita ; umbilico pervio, parvo ;
labio incrassato, subflexo.

Shell dextral, conically elongate, thin, finely decussately
striated, light corneous with radiating zig-zag lines and blotches
of a light color ; whorls six ; suture simple : aperture ovate ;
columella white and bulimoid except in strongly developed
adults, where it is callous and obtusely dentated : umbilicus
small but pervious ; lip thickened, slightly reflected.

Length 0.8 inch. Breadth 0.55 inch.

Habitat. — Oahu, among stones.

Remarks. — This shell may perhaps be identical with A. radi-
ata Gould, which from its ambiguous generic character, Pfeiffer
transferred to Bulimus, changing its specific name to Gouldi —
to avoid confusion with B. radiatus Brug. Our shell here
occupies its true generic position, unless we call it a Bulimm in

Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella. 7

•

its immature state and Achatinella only when fully developed.
If retained in genus Achatinella and if its identity with Gould's
shell should be established, Gould's name will take precedence,
notwithstanding its use by Pfeiffer for a different shell. PfeifFer's
A. radiata was published six months after Gould's, and more-
over it proved to be identical with A. viridans Mighels (not
Keeve.)

10. Achatinella polita.

Testa dextrorsa, conico-ovata, niticla, luteola, superne fusco obscure
notata, fascia suturali lata, nigra in ultimo anfr. protracta ; anfractibus
quinque, convexis ; sutura distincta, marginata ; apertura oblongo-ovata,
purpurea ; columella valde tuberculata, extremitate purpurea ; labio
simplici.

•
Shell dextral, conic-ovate, polished, light yellow, a portion

of the upper whorls faintly marked with umber, suture with a
broad black band, and a narrow line of the same color con-
tinued around the body whorl : whorls five, convex : suture
well defined, margined: aperture oblong-ovate, dark purple;
columella with a large tubercle tipped with purple ; lip simple.
Length 0.55 inch. Breadth 0.45 inch.

Habitat. — Molokai.

Remarks. — This has the aspect of a young shell, but from the
size of the tubercle, and an examination of a large number (some
containing young) may be considered as having acquired its
ordinary size.

11. Achatinella obesa.

Testa dextrorsa, depresso-conica, inflata, solida, striata, epiderraide

8 Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella.

•

castaneo-fusca induta ; anfractibus quinque, ventricosis ; apice acuta ;
sutura simplici, distincta ; apertura ovata, alba ; columella in plica forti
alba desinente ; labio intus incrassato, simplici.

Shell dextral, depressed-conical, inflated, solid, striated,
covered with an epidermis of dark umber color ; whorls five,
rounded ; apex acute ; suture simple, well marked ; aperture
ovate, white ; columella with a strong white plait ; lip thick-
ened within, simple.
, Length 0.4 inch. Breadth 0.35 inch.

Habitat. — Hale-a-ka-la, Maui, among decaying leaves.

12. Achatinella Cumiiigi.

Testa sinistrorsa, acuminata, turriformi, striis numerosis fortibus
obliquis et longiiudinalibus exilioribus decussata; fusca, superne albo-
undulata ; anfractibus quinque, piano-con vexis ; sutura subimpressa,
marginata ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella sub-callosa ; labio tenui,
elliptico.

Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted, with strongly marked
transversely oblique striae, and with longitudinal incremental
striae more or less developed ; color brown with undulations
of white on the upper whorls ; whorls five, flatly convex ; suture
moderately impressed, margined ; aperture oblong-ovate ; colu-
mella slightly callous ; outer lip thin, elliptical.

Length 0.7 inch. Breadth 0.2 inch.

Habitat.—- Hale-a-ka-la, Maui.

13. Achatinella Pleillcri.

Testa sinistrorsa, acuminata, turriformi, longitudinaliter profunde sul-
cata, striis transversis distinctis decussata, tuberculata, et in areis irregu-

Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella. 9

laribus dissecta, fusca, superne lineis albis longitudinalibus notata;
anfractibus sex, plano-convexis ; sutur& profunda ; apertura oblongo-
ovata : columella simplici, plana ; labio simplici.

Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted, with the surface irregu-
larly cut up into furrows, ridges, and tubercles by deep longi -
tudinal sulcations crossed by strongly developed transverse
striae ; color brown, with white longitudinal lines on the upper
whorls ; whorls six, flatly convex ; suture deep ; aperture
oblong-ovate ; columella plain and smooth ; outer lip simple.

Length 0.65 inch. Breadth 0.25 inch.

Habitat. — Molokai.

Remarks. — The last two species, together with the A. plicata
Mighels, form a group peculiarly interesting ; deviating from
the typical forms sufficiently to warrant a separation from
the genus Achatinella. Should the number of species be multi-
plied they may with propriety be erected into a distinct genus.

14. Achatinella eloiigata.

Testa sinistrorsa, acuto-turriformi, longitudinaliter distincte striata,
epidermide fusca ; anfractibus septem ventricosis ; sutura profunda, sim-
plici ; apertura ovata ; columella plicata ; labio simplici.

Shell sinistral, acutely turreted, with numerous well defined
longitudinal striae, covered with a brown epidermis; whirls
seven, rounded ; suture deep, simple ; aperture ovate ; columella
plicate ; lip simple.

Length 0.5 inch. Breadth 0.22 inch.

Habitat. — Oahu.

10 Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella.

15. Achatinella Helena.

Testa sinistrorsa, ovato-conica, striis exile decussata, rufa, lineis zic-
zac albis, latis, longitudinalibus alternante, interdum anfractu ultimo
albo-fasciato ; anfractibus quinque, ventricosis ; sutura profunda, sim-
plici ; apertura ovata ; columella sub-callosa.

Shell sinistral, ovate-conical, with finely decussating striae,
rufous, alternating with broad longitudinal zig-zag white lines
covering the entire shell ; the last whirl often encircled by a
white band ; whorls five, rounded ; suture deep, simple : aper-
ture ovate, columella slightly callous.

Length 0.5 inch. Breadth 0.22 inch.

Habitat. — Molokai.

Remarks. — This beautiful shell is dedicated to the lady who
delineated the species herein described, and prepared them for
publication.

16. Achatinella laMata.

Testa dextrorsa, elongata, subovata, plumbea ; anfractibus septem,
planis, tertio angustiori, pallidiori, ultimo fascia alba suturali; sutura
submarginata ; apertura elongato-ovata ; columella brevi, in dentem
prominentem, plicatum desinente ; labio incrassato, albido, callo interne
centrali munito.

Shell dextral, elongate-ovoid, plumbeous except the third
whorl, the margin of the outer lip, and along the suture of the
last whorl, which are white ; whorls seven, flattened ; the third
narrower than the second : suture slightly margined below ;
aperture elongate-ovate : columella short, with a strong, plaited
projecting tooth ; lip thickened, white, with a central internal
callosity.
t Length 0.5 inch. Breadth 0.21 inch.

Habitat. — Oahu.

Descriptions of New Species of Achalinella. 11

17. Achatinella mucronata.

Testa dextrorsa, elongato-ovata, albida, signis mucronatis numerosis
fuscis ornata ; anfractibus sex, ventricosis ; ultimo contracto, epidermide.
denso fusco-nigro induto ; sutura superne subimpressa, inferne profunda ;
apertura parva, ovata ; columella contorta, plicata ; lablo simplici.

Shell dextral, elongate -ovate, white with numerous trans-
verse arrow-headed brown markings, except last whorl which
is covered with a dense brownish-black epidermis ; whorls six,
rounded, the last contracted ; suture slightly impressed in the
upper portion, becoming deep at the junction of the last whorl ;
aperture small, ovate; columella with a twisted plait; lip
simple.

Length 0.7 inch. Breadth 0.32 inch.

Habitat. — Molokai.

Remarks. — The A. rubens Gould is the nearest allied species.

is. Achatinella fusca.

Testa dextrorsa, cylindraceo-elongata, tenui, longitudinaliter distincte
striata, fusca, fasciola cornea suturali circumdata ; anfractibus quinque,
subplanis ; sutura lineari, subimpressa ; apertura ovata ; columella interne
dentata ; labio acuto.

Shell dextral, cylindrically elongate, thin, with strongly
developed longitudinal striae, brown with a narrow corneous
band revolving beneath the suture and occupying the inferior
third of the last whorl ; whorls five, nearly flat ; suture linear,
slightly impressed : aperture ovate, columella dentated within ;
lip acute.

Length 0.35 inch. Breadth 0.2 inch.

Habitat. — Oahu.

12 Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella.

19. Achatinella liiieolata.

Testa dextrorsa, elongata, turriformi, nitida, epidermide luteola ; anfrac-
tibus sex, ventricosis, ultimo lineolis longitudinalibus zic-zac brevibus
castaneo-fuscis conferte signato ; sutura simplici ; apertura ovata ; colu-
mella dente obliquo, plicato instructa.

Shell dextral, elongate-turreted, shining, covered with a
yellowish epidermis ; whorls six, ventricose, last one thickly
marked with longitudinal umber-colored zig-zag lines ; suture
simple ; aperture ovate ; columella with an oblique, plaited
tooth.

Length 0.5 inch. Breadth 0.22 inch.

Habitat. — Maui.

20. Achatinella nitida.

Testa dextrorsa, ovato-comca, tenui, pellucida, nitida subcornea ; fas-
ciola rufa lineari suturali obscure circumdata ; anfractibus sex, ventricosis ;
sutura marginata ; apertura ovata ; columella in pliculam contortam,
albidam desinente ; labio tenui.

Shell dextral, ovately conical, thin, pellucid, shining, light
corneous, with a faint linear band of red beneath the suture ;
whorls six, ventricose ; suture margined ; aperture ovate ;
columella terminating in a twisted oblique white plait ; lip thin.

Length 0.4 inch. Breadth 0.11 inch.

Habitat.— E. Maui.

21. Achatinella grana.

Test£ dextrorsa, ovato-comca, solida, cornea; anfractibus sex, sub-
marginatis ; apertura ovata ; columella dente plicata albida instructa ;
labio subincrassato, albo ; labio interior! expanso et arete appresso.

Descriptions of New Species of Achatinella. 13

Shell dextral, ovate-conic, solid, corneous ; whorls six, faintly
margined; aperture ovate; columella with a strong plaited
tooth ; outer lip slightly thickened, white ; columellar lip ex-
panded and applied to the body whorl.

Length 0.3 inch. Breadth 0.1 inch.

Habitat.-—^. Maui.

DESCRIPTIONS

OF

SETENTY-NINE NEW SPECIES

OF

ACHATINELLA,

(SWAINS.)
A GENUS OF PULMONIFEROUS MOLLUSKS,

IN THE COLLECTION OF HUGH CUMING, ESQ.

BY W. NEWCOMB, M.D.,

CORK. MEMB. LYC. NAT. HIST. NEW YORK, NAT. HIST. SOC. MONTREAL.

[From the PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,
December 13, 1853.]

LONDON:

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

1854.

(Mollusca, PI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV.)

ACHATINELLA.

It will be necessary to slightly change the definition of this genus,
that several species clearly belonging under this head may not be
excluded. It will be seen that several new typical species are herein
described, one of which, A. crassa, makes a near approach to par-
tula ; but an examination of the animal proves conclusively that it
belongs to the genus Achatinella. Several species are subumbili-
cated, and a number have a subreflected lip. The whorls of several
species are not smooth ; the beautiful little group of A. Cumingii,
A. Pfeifferii and A. plicaia, so far as discovered, form the striking
exceptions. Several species are turreted, not conical. Farther re-
search, however, is necessary before a complete and satisfactory ge-
neric description can be given. The animal is provided with four
tentacula, the superior ones clubbed at the end, elongated and ocu-
lated, the inferior ones short and slightly clavate ; surface of the
body covered with numerous granulations more or less strongly deve-
loped ; respiratory foramen, in dextral shells, upon the right side at
the angle of the outer lip with the body whorl, in sinistral shells, in
a corresponding position on the left side ; the foot is long, narrow,
and tapering behind. They are always viviparous, and may be di-
vided into arboreal and terrestrial species. The last are found among
the leaves, decayed wood, among the crevices of the rocks and hi
moist places, crawling upon the ground ; the first are met with on
the bodies, limbs and foliage of various trees ; their most common
resorts are on the Tutui, Ohia, and a few other species of forest
trees, and on the Hau and Ti bushes.

The natives have never fed upon the animal as far as I can learn by
careful inquiry, although the experiment has been made with almost
every marine animal inhabiting the waters of these seas. It is a
prevalent belief among the Hawaians, that the arboreal species have
the power of making a noise which they call singing ; hence the
name of Pupu Kanioe, by which they are known. The following
is said to be their vesper hymn :

Kahuli aku
Kahuli mai
Kahuli lei ula
Lei ako lea.

A free translation of which may be given as follows :

Turn away from my sight—;
Nay — but turn to me now,
And a red wreath so bright,
I will weave for thy brow.

It scarcely is necessary to add, that the singing and the song are
alike imaginary.

A 2

1. ACHATINELLA GouLDii (PL XXII. fig. 1). A. testa conico-
ovata ; anfractibus 6, piano- converts, ad longitudinem striatis,
supra marginatis ; sutura subdepressa ; apertura rotundata, ovata;
columella subcallosa ; labro expanse et inferne subreflexo ; colore
flavide-albo, in anfractu Ztio lineis fuscis, forma ziczac asperso,
3 anfr. inferioribus lineamentis variis plus minusve numerosis
cinctis ; apertura et labro flavescenti.
!?; lat.|

Long.!?; lat.|poll. .

Hab. Wailuku, Mani.

Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, flatly convex, margined above, but
slightly ; sutures slightly marked ; aperture ovate ; columella lightly
callous ; lip expanded and below subreflected ; colour yellowish white,
with zigzag lines of brown on the third whorl, and brown lineations
more or less numerous encircling the three lower whorls ; aperture
and lip yellowish. Found on Tutui trees.

This rare and beautiful species I take pleasure in dedicating to
Dr. A. A. Gould of Boston, who is well known as one of the most
efficient and accurate natural historians in the United States.

</ 2. ACHATINELLA OVATA (PL XXII. fig. 2, 20). A. testa dextrorsa

vel sinistrorsa, elongato-ovata ; anfractibus 6, superne submargi-

natis, rotundis ; sutura moderate impressa ; apertura subovata,

margine nigro circumdata ; columella brevi, valde plicata, con-

torta; labro incrassato et subexpanso ; test as, colore niveo vel flavo

albido, cum vel sine vittis obsoletis subfuscis.

Long. 15 ; lat. ^ poll. ^ . - K$. ^

Hab. Kahana, Koolan, Oahu.

Shell dextral or sinistral, elongately ovate ; whorls 6, slightly mar-
gined above, rounded ; suture moderately impressed ; aperture sub-
ovate, entirely margined with black ; columella short, plicate, strong
and twisted ; lip thickened and slightly expanded ; colour of shell
pure white or yellowish white, with or without obsolete brownish
bands above.

A very beautiful species, distinguished by its glossy black lip con-
trasting finely with the white of the shell.

3. ACHATINELLA RUFA (PL XXII. fig. 3). A. testa conico-ovata,
solida; anfractibus 6, piano- convexis, cum striis decussatis ; colu-
mella fortiter callosa ; sutura simplici, subimpressa ; umbilico
exiguo aperto ; labro expanso, inferne subreflexo; colore fundi
fusco rubro, epidermate efusco et albo mixto obtecto, albo in an-
fractibus mediis lineis exiguis ad formam ziczac qua in anfr. ul-
timo in uniusmodi umbrce colorem fusco-cinereum evanescunt, dis-
posito. Inferiori ultimi anfr. dimidio zona lata alba cincto.

Long. | ; lat. 1J poll. ^ . , / • ^ 4>r , ^ ^"/^ • " • ^

Hab. Molokai.

Shell conically ovate, solid ; 6 whorls, flatly convex, with decus-
sating striae ; columella strongly callous ; suture plain, moderately
impressed ; umbilicus small and open ; lip expanded, and subreflected

below ; ground colour brownish red, covered with an epidermis of a
mottled brown and white, the latter arranged on the central whorls
in fine zigzag markings, which are lost on the last whorl hi a uni-
form greyish umber. The inferior half of the last whorl (usually)
encircled by a broad white band.

This is a very rare species, the numbers found scarcely furnishing
the materials for a description to fix or determine the permanent
characters.

•? 4. ACHATINELLA FULGENS. A. testa elongata conica, polita,
fulgente ; anfractibus 6, plano-convexis ; sutura subimpressa ;
apertura ovata / columella brevi, tuberculata ; labro simplici,
interne costato ; colore testa superbe castaneo, cum fascia sutu-
rali lata, centrum anfr. ventral, dividente ; apicis et columellce
albo.

Long. | ; lat. £ poll.

Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell elongately conic, polished, shining ; whorls 6, flatly convex ;

suture slightly impressed ; aperture ovate ; columella short, tuber-

culated ; lip simple, ribbed within ; colour rich chestnut-brown, with

a broad white sutural fascia cutting the centre of the last whorl ;

apex and columella white.

Var. a. White, with broad chestnut bands.
Var. |3. Chestnut-coloured above, yellowish below, with two black
and one white band, with columella dark brown, of large size, mea-
suring f§ths by |§ths of an inch.

This last variety may upon farther examination prove to be a di-
stinct species. The locality of this last is Makika Valley, " Mauka
roa," or far back in the mountain range. An examination of the
respective animals will resolve the doubt.

^ 5. ACHATINELLA SPLENDIDA (PI. XXII. fig. 4). A. testa sinis-

trorsa vel deztrorsa, solida ; striis delicate decussatis ; anfracti-
bus 6, anfractu ultimo subinflato ; sutura modice depressa, mar-
ginata ; apertura ovata ; labro expanse ; columella brevi, lata et
contorta ; anfractibus duabus superioribus tessellatis albido et cas-
taneo, ceteris anfr. fundo albo nitido, multis lineis vittisque trans-
versalibus castaneis ornato ; linearum et vittarum margine supe-
riore integro, inferiori irregulariter serrato. .,

Long. | , lat. 11 poll. ,,',., . . ^. fy ,**.*:'•**'•'• "* '
Hab. Wailuku, Mani, on Tutui trees.

Shell sinistral or dextral, solid ; whorls 6, finely decussating striae,
body whorl somewhat inflated ; suture moderately impressed, mar-
gined below ; aperture ovate ; lip expanded ; columella short, broad
and twisted ; two upper whorls tesselated with chestnut and white,
with numerous chestnut-coloured transverse lines and fillets on the
other whorls, traced on a polished white ground ; markings correctly
lined superiorly, and irregularly serrated inferiorly.

Var. a. Bright chestnut banded with white, not serrated.
Var. /3. White, with numerous black transverse bands.

^ 6. AcHATINELLA REDFIELDI (PL XXII. fig. 5). A. testa elon-

yata conica, sinistrorsa; anfractibus 6, supra marginatis, ad longi-
tudinem striatis; sutura bene impressa; apertura subovata ; colu-
mella fusca,plano-contorta; labro subreflexo, ejusdem, ac columella,
colons; colore albido-flavo, infra in castaneum fuscum transiente,
simplici, vel fasciis fuscis, obscure undulatis in tertio solum an-
fractu, varie striato ; fascia alba suturas permeante.
Long. | ; lat. £ poll. .Vna , ;. ty I r . &&t T& **•

Hab. Molokai and E. Mani.

Shell conically elongate, sinistral ; whorls 6, margined above,
striated longitudinally ; suture well impressed ; aperture subovate ;
columella brown, flat and twisted ; lip subreflected, of the colour of
the columella ; colour of shell light fawn passing into deep chestnut,
paler above, plain or variously marked with brown bands, and obscure
undulations on the third whorl only ; a white band traverses the su-
tures.

This species belongs to the native group of " Pupu Caniohi," or
singing snails, and it is with pleasure that we dedicate it to J. H.
Redfield, Esq., of New York. It is not an abundant species. Found
on Tutui, Ohia and Ti trees.

7. ACHATINELLA NIVOSA (PI. XXII. fig. 6). A.testadextrorsa,
conica; anfractibus 6, rotundis supra marginatis ; apertura sub-
ovata ; columella brevi infra in plicam flexuosam contorta ; labro
simplici ; apice obtuso ; colore supra subfusco, infra albo, striis
interrupts longitudinalibus viridibus vel subfuscis pulchre ornato,
cum vel sine una vel pluribus vittis transversis rubris vel fuscis ;
columella rosea vel albida.
Long. ^ ; lat. ^ poll.
Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conical ; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; suture
moderate ; aperture subovate ; columella short, twisted into a flexuous
plait inferiorly ; lip simple ; apex of shell obtuse ; colour above brown-
ish, below pure white, ornamented with beautiful longitudinal green
or brownish interrupted stripes, with or without one or more pink-
coloured or brown transverse bands ; columella pink or white.

This beautiful species belongs to the same group with A. abbreviata
and A. bacca.

v 8. ACHATINELLA MELANOSTOMA (PI. XXII. fig. 7). A. testa
dextrorsat solida, polita, conica ; anfractibus 6, plano-convexis,
supra submarginatis ; sutura moderate impressa, cum vitta nigra
revolvente associata ; apertura subovata ; labro nigro, interne in-
crassato ; columella brevi, ferruginea, abrupte in plicam vel tube-
rositatem fortem terminante ; colore flavo vel umbroso, cum vel
sine lineis transversis fuscis.

Long. 11; lat. 1 poll.

Hab. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell dextral, polished, solid, conical ; whorls 6, plano-convex,

slightly margined above ; suture moderate, accompanied with a black
revolving band ; aperture subovate ; lip black, thickened within ;
columella short, brownish red, terminating abruptly in a strong plait
or tuberosity ; colour yellowish or umber, with or without transverse
brown lines.

/ 9. ACHATINELLA CESTUS (PL XXII. fig. 8). A. testa solidd, ven-
tricosa, sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa, in apice acuminata ; anfracti-
bus 6, rotundis, superne marg'matis, penultimo tumido ; apertura
subovata; columella brevi, valde tuberculata ; labro subexpanso,
interne incrassato ; colore apicis nigro, anfr. secundi et tertii al-
bido, 3 reliquorum albo, subflavo, nigro vel diverso, cum cingulo
albo, suturas transiente et anfr. ventralem infra centrum divi-
dente, cum vel sine fascia latiori subjacente ; interdum maculis
vel tesseris albis et nigris out lineis undulantibus ad longitudinem
eorundem colorum ; columella castanea ; labro castaneo, albo in-
sperso.

Long. £; Int. £ poll.
Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell solid, ventricose, sinistral or dextral, pointed at the summit ;
whorls 6, rounded, corded above, last one tumid ; aperture subovate ;
columella short, strongly tuberculate ; lip slightly expanded, thick-
ened within ; colour of tip black, second and third whorls white, three
last white, yellowish, or black or mixed, with a white cincture tra-
versing the sutures and cutting the body whorl below the centre,
with or without a broader band below, sometimes with blotches or
tesselations of black and white or longitudinal undulating lines of the
same colours ; columella chestnut ; lip same colour, interrupted with
white.

A fine skull, approaching A. similans of Reeve, which it resembles
in form, but strikingly differs in markings.

\/ 10. ACHATINELLA SWIFTII (PI. XXII. fig. 9, 90). A. testa ven-
tricosa, in apice acuminato, polita, nitente ; anfractibus 6, superne
subrotitndis, ultimo valde inflate, superne conspicue marginato ;
labro purpureo-roseo, crasso et subinflato ; apertura ovata ; colu-
mella brevi, in tuberculum ejusdem coloris ac labrum terminante ;
anfr. 3 primis albis, inferioribus cum numerosis lineis longitudi-
nalibus valde delicatis nigris et albis signatis, ut test<e colorem
cinereum impartiant ; lineis exiguis albidis obsoletis transverse
testam transientibus ; anfr. 2 ultimis linea suturali alba signatis.
Long. £;lat.!J poll.
Bab. District of Ewa. C«*U

Shell ventricose, pointed at the apex, smooth, polished, shining ;
whorls 6, slightly rounded above, the last strongly inflated, distinctly
margined above ; lip purplish rose, thick and slightly subreflected ;
aperture ovate ; columella short, terminating in a tubercle of the
colour of the lip ; three first whorls white, the lower with very fine
and numerous markings of black and white arranged longitudinally
to the shell, giving it a greyish aspect ; fine obsolete white lines tra-

verse the shell transversely, and a white sutural line is traced on the
last two whorls.

Var. a. With a broad fascia cutting the body whorl.

Var. j6. Yellowish ground colour, with few markings.

This species approaches A. turgida, but is distinct in appearance,
locality and habits.

•^ 11. ACHATINELLA TURGIDA (PI. XXII. fig. 10, 100). A. testa

ventricosa, in apice acuminata, sinistrorsa vel dextrorsa^ Icevi, po-
lita; anfr. 4 graduatim, ^ultimis rapide increscentibus ; sutura sub-
impressa, infra cum depressione lineari ; apertura subovata ; colu-
mella brevi, in tuberculum conicum, in aperturam projiciens ter-
minante ; labro exteriore simplici, interne incrassato, sicut tuber-
culum subroseo vel fusee tincto ; faucibus albis ; colore variante,
fundo albo, flavo vel nigro, lineis ziczac longitudinalibus , vittis vel
transversis vel maculis sparso. ,

T u , ' 11 „ » ,¥• <MHM*W -^^ ** *

Long. -;lat. -poll.

Hob. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell ventricose, pointed at the apex, sinistral or dextral, smooth,
polished, gradually enlarging for four turns and then very rapidly,
the last two forming most of the shell ; suture slightly impressed,
beneath which revolves a linear depression ; aperture subovate ; colu-
mella short, terminating in a strong conical tubercle projecting into
the aperture ; outer lip simple, thickened within, slightly tinged with
pink or brown ; tubercle the same ; fauces white ; colouring ex-
tremely various, ground white, yellow or black, with (or without)
longitudinal zigzag lines, transverse bands or blotches covering the
surface.

Approaches the tristis of Ferussac found at Waianoe.

12. ACHATINELLA CYLINDRTCA (PL XXII. fig. 11). A. testa
dextrorsa, elongato-cylindrica, pyramidis instar ad apicem decur-
rente ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; colu-
mdla in dentem flexuosum terminante ; testce superjicie ad longi-
tudinem fortiter striata, subfusca, numerosis vittis fuscis et angus-
tis circumdata.

Long.lf;lat.|0poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, tapering to a point at the
summit ; whorls 7, slightly rounded ; suture moderate ; aperture ob-
long-ovate ; columella terminating in a flexuous tooth ; surface of
shell longitudinally strongly striate, of a light horn colour, encircled
by numerous narrow brown bands.

This species, with the following, are found, like their nearest ana-
logues, on the ground ; viz. porphyrea and spirizona, which latter
species, by almost insensible gradations, passes into the turritella, a
shell apparently of quite a different type.

^ 13. ACHATINELLA CASTA (PL XXII. fig. 12). A. testa conico-
elongata, solida, polita nitida dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa ; anfracti-
bus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis \ apertura subovata, breviuscula ;

labro simplici, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, cum dentefor-
titer plicato ; colore albido vel luteo cum vittis transversis variis
nigris,fuscis, roseis vel albidis diverse digestis.
Long. H; lat.| poll.

Hab. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell conically elongate, solid, polished, shining, dextral or sinistral ;
whorls 6, rounded, margined above ; aperture subovate, rather small ;
lip simple, thickened within ; columella short, with a strong plaited
brownish tooth ; colour white or yellow, with extremely variable trans-
verse bands of black, brown, pink or white, variously arranged.

This species is readily distinguished from any yet described. Its
northern limit is the valley below Mouna Rua, and half a dozen ra-
vines, south, in the district of Ewa.

/ 14. ACHATINELLA INTERMEDIA (PL XXII. fig. 13). A. testa

dextrorsa subcylindrica ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura pro-
funda ; apertura parva subovata ; columella plica flexuosa exigua
pr&dita • labro acuto ; striis longitudinalibus numerosis bene ex-
pressis ; colore uniusmodi batico ; versus suturas pallescente,
interne subc&ruleo vel cinereo ; columella cterulea evanida.
Long. £;lat.£ poll.
Hab. Waiauoe, Oahu.

Shell dextral, subcylindrical ; whorls 7, rounded; suture rather
deep ; aperture small, subovate ; columella with a small flexuous
plait ; lip acute ; striae numerous, well-developed, and longitudinal to
the shell ; colour uniform dark brown, usually lighter at the sutures,
interiorly of a bluish white or slate colour ; columella bluish white.

This shell is intermediate between A. cylindrica and the more cy-
lindrical forms of A. spirizona.

» 15. ACHATINELLA VIOLACEA (PI. XXII. fig. 14). A. testa dex-
trorsa, ovato- oblong a, solida; anfractibus convexis, ad longitudi-
nemfortiter striatis ; sutura simplici et valde depressa ; apertura
ovata ; columella brevi, in plicam albam, contortam desinente ;
labio simplici ; colore passim violaceo.

Long. g;lat.l? poll. _, / £/** , , > ^^ ^ . 1^
Hab. Molokai. ^T

Shell dextral, ovately-oblong, solid ; suture plain and deeply im-
pressed ; aperture ovate ; columella short, terminating in a white
twisted plait ; lip simple ; colour violaceous suffused with white.

^ 16. ACHATINELLA SANGUINEA (Pl.XXII. fig. 15). A. testa acu-
minato-oblonga ; anfractibus 7 , infra convexis, supra piano- con-
vexis; sutura distincte expressa ; apertura subovata; columella
dente plicato contorto ornata ; labro simplici ; colore testae roseo
in sanguineum transiente, lineationibus nigris, catenationes et signa
ziczac in anfr. 3 inferioribus formantibus, dense obtectis ; testa
superne epidermate denudata ; apice mammillato nigro.
Long. ^;lat.± poll.
Hab. Lehui, Oahu.

10

Shell acuminately oblong ; whorls 7, convex below, plano-convex
above ; suture distinctly marked ; aperture subovate ; columella
armed with a twisted plicate tooth ; lip simple ; colour of shell from
roseate to sanguineous, thickly covered with black lineations, form-
ing chain-work and zigzag markings on the three lower whorls ; de-
nuded of epidermis above ; apex mammillate and black.

17. ACHATINELLA PORPHYREA (PI. XXII. fig. 16). A. testa SO-

lldiuscula, acuminata conica ; anfractibus 7, superne subcarinatis,
non marginatis, plano-convexis ; sutura valde impressa ; apertura
subovata, infra contracta ; labrotenui; columella brevi, in pli-
cam contortam terminante ; epidermate tenui et nigra ; striis lon-
gitudinalibus fortibus ; colore subepidermate plumbeo, cum nume-
rosis lineisfuscis transversis testam circumambientibus.
Long.^;lat.|poll.
Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell rather solid, acuminately conical ; whorls 7, subcarinated
above, plano-convex ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture subovate,
contracted below ; lip thin ; columella short, terminating in a twisted
plait ; epidermis thin and black ; strise longitudinal and strong ;
colour beneath epidermis of a leaden hue, with numerous transverse
brown lines encircling the shell.

This species belongs to the same group with A. spirizona, Fer.,
A. cylindrica and A. intermedia, Nob., but which are quite distinct
in specific characters. They are all terrestrial, not arboreal species.

18. ACHATINELLA GIGANTEA (PI. XXII. fig. 17). A. testadex-
trorsa, elongato-ovata, apice acuminato ; anfractibus 7, fortiter
striatis, ultimo anfractu superne, penultimo inferne subcarinato ;
apertura ovali ; columella subarcuata, interne in levem callum ter-
minante, externe continuata, ut jungat cum labro externo ; striato
crasso deposito supra superjiciem labri interni ; labro externo

piano; sutura profunda ; striis longitudinalibus ; colore subplum-
beo externe et subliliaceo interne.

Long, li; lat.i?poll.

Hab. Hale a Ka la, Mani.

Shell dextral, elongate-ovate, apex pointed ; whorls 7, strongly
striate, slightly carinated superiorly on the last whorl, inferiorly on
the penultimate ; columella slightly arched, terminating internally in
a slight callosity, exterior continued to unite with the outer lip ; colu-
mellar lip with a strong deposit spread over its surface ; outer lip
simple ; suture deep ; strise longitudinal ; colour light plumbeous
externally, internally pale lilac.

This species, the largest yet described, belongs to the same group
with A. violacea, from Molokai, and A. Baldwinii, from Ranai, all
of which are given in this communication.

19. ACHATINELLA SUBVIRENS (PI. XXII. fig. 18). A. testa co-
nico-ovata; anfractibus 6, rotundis et superne marginatis ; sutura

11

distincta, albida ; apertura ovata, infra expansa ; labro incras-
sato ; columella brevi, plana et oblique truncata ; colore epider-
matis subvirente, colore pallidiore ad longitudinem interspersa;
columella, labri et apertura albo.
Long. £;!*.£ poll.
Hab. Niu, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, rounded and margined above ;
suture distinct and lined with white ; aperture ovate, expanding be-
low ; lip thickened ; columella short, flat and obliquely truncated ;
colour of epidermis light green, interspersed with a fighter shade
arranged longitudinally ; columella, lip and aperture white.
Var. a. Pure white.

Var. /3. Brown or chestnut replacing the green colour.
Through var. a this species approaches a variety of A. rutila, and
through var. /3, A. decipiens. It is readily distinguished from the
first by its smaller size, greater solidity, stronger striae and more
elongate form ; from the latter by its less acuminate form, white su-
ture, less solidity, and their widely-separated localities.

20. ACHATINELLA AMPLA (PI. XXII. fig. 19). A. testa dextrorsa,
conico-ovata, polita ; anfractibus 5, rotundis ; sutura simplid,
vitta nigra fasciolata ; apertura magna, albida; labro externo
simplid acuto, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, coloris albi vel
rosei ; epidermate supra subviridi vel olivascente, subfusca in an-
fractu ultimo.

I*«g. £;!•».£ pen.

Hab Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conically ovate, polished ; whorls 5, rounded ; su-
ture simple, banded with a black stripe ; aperture large and white ;
outer lip simple, acute, thickened within ; columella short, white or
roseate, terminating in a twisted plait; apex obtuse, roseate; epi-
dermis light green or olive above, of a deeper colour on the last
whorL

t 21. ACHATINELLA ADAMSII (PI. XXII. fig. 20). A. testa dex-
trorsa, conico-acuminata; anfractibus 6, cum striis transversalibus
exiguis, longitudinalibus fortibus ; sutura valde depressa ; labro
expanso ; columella desinente in plicam solidam, abrupte tortam ;
testce lamina interna coloris plumbei, externa obscuri castaneit
irregulariter albide punctata et striata.

Long. i?; lat. I; poll. ,, ] , '/, fy #&.*

Hab. E. Mani, at the root of ferns. . <%/

Shell dextral, conically acuminate, whorls 6, finely striated trans-
versely, roughly striated longitudinally : suture deeply impressed ; Up
expanded ; columella terminating in a strong abruptly twisted plait ;
interior of shell of a leaden blue colour, exterior dark chestnut, irre-
gularly mottled and striped with white.

This species makes the nearest approach in form to A. perdix of
Reeve, an immature specimen of which is figured in his Monograph,
fig. 43. The locality of this latter species is the almost inaccessible

12

ravines of the mountainous districts around Lahania, W. Mani. The
perdix is arboreal, and the Adamsii terrestrial in its habits.

The species is dedicated to Professor C. B. Adams, of Amherst
College, Mass.

22. ACHATINELLA RUTILA (PL XXII. fig. 21). A. testa OVttttt,

conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, ultimo superne marginato ; sutura
bene impressa ; apertura subquadrata ; labro expanse, subreflexo,
valde incrassato interne ; columella brevi, in plicam robustam
contortam terminante ; colore substramineo pallide, olivaceo vel
fusco, labro albo vel subroseo.
Long, g; lat. I poll.
Hob. Niu, Oahu. ,

Shell ovately conic ; whorls 6, rounded, the last margined above ;
suture well-marked ; aperture subquadrate ; lip expanded, subre-
flected, strongly thickened within ; columella short, terminating in a
strong twisted plait ; colour a light straw, olive or brown.

^ 23. ACHATINELLA RUGOSA (PI. XXII. fig. 22, 22 a). A. testa dex-
trorsa, conica, fulgente; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra marginatis ;
sutura bene impressa; labro expanse, versus marginemferrugineo et
incrassato; columella albida, brevi, plicata et cum callo forti supra
umbilicum expanse ; apertura subrhomboidali ; striis numerosis
longitudinalibus et in anfractu ultimo rugosis ; colore epidermatis
prasino interdum umbrosi instar pallidi vel fusel, coloribus simul
cum striis alternantibus cum vel sine vittis transversis subviri-
dibus.

Long. jjs lat. i poll.

Hob. Ewa, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conical, glossy ; whorls 6, rounded, margined above ;
suture well -impressed ; lip expanded, of a reddish brown at the mar-
gin, thickened near the edge ; columella white, short, twisted, and
with a strong callus spread over the umbilicus ; aperture subrhom-
boidal ; striae longitudinal, numerous, and on the last whorl rugose ;
colour of epidermis of a deep green, a light or dark umber, some-
times alternating and arranged with the striae, with or without pale
green transverse lines.

^ 24. ACHATINELLA MULTILINEATA (PI. XXII. fig. 23). A. testa
dextrorsa vel sinistrorsa, solida conico-elongata ; anfractibus 6, ro-
tundis, supra marginatis ; labro infra expanse et subreflexo, supra
acute et interne adaucto ; columella brevi robusta, subplicata cum
callo umbilicum obtegente et pcene claudente ; apertura oblong o-
ovata ; colore columella, labri et suturte albo interdum Jlavide in-
terstincto; testa alba, cum vel sine numerosis fasciis et lineis trans-
versisferruginaceis.

Long. 2. kt. g poll.

Hab. Kolaupoco, Oahu.

Shell dextral or sinistral, solid, elongately conical, whorls 6,
rounded, margined above ; lip expanded below and slightly subre-

13

fleeted, above acute and thickened within ; columella short, stout,
slightly twisted, with a callus spread over and nearly closing the um-
bilicus ; aperture oblong-ovate ; colour of columella, lip and suture
white, sometimes tinged with yellow ; shell white, with or without
numerous transverse lines of a brown or black colour.

This species makes a near approach to A. mustelina of Mighels,
but is more elongate in form, with the lineations much stronger, and
never passes into the variety of mustelina with the depressed spire
and obese body whorl. The locality is also different, which is always
worthy of particular remark in examining the shells of this genus.

25. ACHATINELLA GLABRA (PI. XXII. fig. 25). A. testa conico
ovata,fulgente; anfractibus 6, interdum inflatis, supra marginatis;
sutura bene expressa; apertura ovata; labro subreflexo,e nigrofusco
cum margine nigro, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, robusta,
expansa, in plicam contortam desinente ; colore argillaceo caruleo
vel plumbeo, pallidiore in parte superiore anfractuum ; interdum
fasciis transversis albidis vel castaneis obducto.
Long. £;l«t.g poll.
Hab. Kolau poko. ( o>i • v

Shell conically ovate, glossy ; whorls 6, somewhat inflated, mar-
gined above ; suture well-marked ; aperture ovate ; lip slightly sub-
reflected, dark brown edged with black, thickened within ; columella
short, robust, expanded, and terminating in a twisted plait ; colour
bluish slate, much lighter on the upper portion of the whorls ; some-
times transversely banded with white or chestnut.

/ 26. ACHATINELLA TESSELLATA (PL XXIII. fig. 26). A. testa
sinistrorsa, oblongo- ovata, solida ; anfractibus 6, convexis, ultimo
paulum inflate ; superficie minutissime decussata ; coloris fundo
albido-flavescente ; vittis transversis nigris vel castaneis diverse
striato, ant non ; anfractibus superioribus semper nigre et albide
tessellatis ; apertura alba vel rosea, ovata, infra effusa ; columella
brevi et late callosa.

Long. 1; la, g poll. ^^^'^^

Hab. Molokai. -f Jj

Shell sinistral, oblong-ovate, solid; whorls 6, convex, the last some-
what inflated ; white or fawn-coloured ground, very finely shagreened
plain, or variously striped with transverse black or chestnut bands *
the upper whorls always tessellated black and white ; aperture white
or roseate, ovate, effuse below ; columella short and broadly callous ;
lip expanded, thickened within and semireflected ; animal light
grey, tentacles black, mantle slate-colour.

Found at Kalai on Tutui trees, and on the broad leaf of the Ti.
Has some resemblance to virgulata, Mighels, but the tessellated
top at once distinguishes it.

^ 27. ACHATINELLA SORDIDA (PL XXIII. fig. 27). A. testa elon-
gato-conica, solida; anfractibus 7, subrotundis, supra marginatis ;
apertura parva leviter contracta ; labro infra subreflexo, supra
acuto ; interne incrassato ; columella brevi, subplicata cum callo ex-

14

panso, umbilicum parvum, parum profundum partim obtegente ;
colore variabili,fundo albido striis vel vittis fuscis et nigris trans-
versis diverse lineato.
Long. g;lat.£ poll.
Hob. Lettui, Oahu.

Shell elongately conical, solid ; whorls 7, slightly rounded, mar-
gined above ; aperture small, somewhat contracted ; lip subreflected
below, acute above, thickened within ; columella short, slightly twisted,
with an expanded callus partially covering a shallow small umbilicus ;
colour variable, with a white ground variously banded and striped
transversely with brown or black.

This species, like the multilineata, is drawn from the group of
mustelina, the variations in character, with different localities and a
peculiarity of habits in each, demanding their separation.

28. ACHATINELLA FUMOSA (PI. XXIII. fig. 28). A.testacylm-
drica, ovata, perobscure cornea, tenui, nitente ; anfractibus 7,
plano-convexis ; sutura subimpressa ; striis longitudinalibus, bene
expresses, numerosis ; apertura ovata; labro simplici, albide fim-
briato ; columella brevi cum dente albo lamellari ; vitta fusco-nigra
cum altera rubicunda subjacente anfractus infra suturas permeante.

Hab. Manoa, Oahu.

Shell cyliudrically ovate, very dark, corneous, thin, shining ; whorls
7, plano-convex ; suture slightly impressed ; striae numerous, longi-
tudinal, and strongly developed ; aperture ovate ; lip simple, edged
with white ; columella short, with a lamelliform white tooth. A dark
brown band, accompanied with an obsolete reddish one below, tra-
verses the whorls beneath the suture.

29. ACHATINELLA LINEOLATA (PL XXIII. fig. 29). A. testa elon-
gata, turriformi ; anfractibus 6, ventricosis, nitidis, sutura sim-
plici, apertura ovata ; columella cum dente obliquo plicato ; colore
cuticul(B luteolo,in anfr. ultimo lineis ziczac brevibus coloris umbrosi
ad longitudinem dense signato.

Long.i?; lat.gpdl. ^ W'.4r

Hab. Hawaii.

Shell elongate, turreted; whorls 6, rounded, polished, shining;
suture simple ; aperture ovate ; columella with an oblique plaited
tooth ; colour of epidermis yellowish ; on the last whorl thickly lined
longitudinally with umber-coloured markings.

The large island of Hawaii has yielded to our explorations but
three species, all of which are herein described.

30. ACHATINELLA NITIDA (PL XXIII. fig. 30). A. testa tenui
levi, subcornea, nitida pellucida ; ovato-conica ; anfractibus 6, ven-
tricosis, supra marginatis ; apertura ovata ; labro subcrasso ; colu-
mella in pliculam obliquam, contortam, albidam desinente.

Long. | ; lat. A poll. ^ ; y y . , ,; .7 , ^f V. *?
Hab. E. Mani. X*7 //rj

15

Shell light corneous, shining, pellucid, conical, thin ; whorls 6,
rounded ; aperture ovate ; lip slightly thickened ; columella termi-
nating in a twisted oblique white plait.

/ 31. ACHATINELLA CRASSILABRUM (PI. XXIII. fig. 31). A. testa

dextrorsa, conico-ovata in apice acuminata, infra ventricosa, soli-
diori ; anfractibus 6, rotundis ; apertura ovata ; labro intus mag-
nopere incrassato ; columella brevi, in plicam brevem, obliquam
terminante ; striis longitudinalibus fortibus ; super fide anfractus
ultimi scepe cicatricibus notata ; colore anfractus ultimi subflavo-
albido, anfractuum reliquorum fusco vel nigro.

Long. g;lat.i poll.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate, pointed at the apex, ventricose below, rather
solid ; whorls 6, rounded ; aperture ovate ; lip very much thickened
within ; columella short, terminating in a strong oblique plait ; lon-
gitudinal striae strong, on the last whorl surface often marked with
cicatrice* ; body whorl yellowish white, other whorls dark brown or
black.

' 32. ACHATINELLA CORNEA (PI. XXIII. fig. 32). A. testa in-
tequali acuta, conica ; apice acuminato tenui, corneo, striis longitu-
dinalibus minutis ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, ultimo inflato • aper-
tura subovata ; labro tenui, translucido; columella recta, alba et
dente plicato transverso munita ; colore testce ubique fusco • corneo;
columelltE et dentis albido.

Long. ij;lat.£ poll.

Hab. ?

Shell irregularly acutely conical ; the apex pointed ; last whorl in-
flated ; thin, corneous, with minute longitucQnal striae ; whorls 7,
rounded ; aperture subovate ; lip thin, translucent ; columella straight,
white and armed with a transverse plaited tooth ; colour uniform
dark horn ; columella and tooth white.

; 33. ACHATINELLA LABIATA (PI. XXIII. fig. 33). A. testa elon-
gata conica; anfractibus 7, fere plants, supra paullb marginalis ;
sutura modice impressa; apertura elongate ovata ; labro incrassato,
albido, cum callo interno centrali ; columella brevi cum dente pro-
jiciente ; valde plicata ; colore externe corneo -pallido,
Long, g ; lat. g poll. . fr. I ',. 4>r . . YCJ. *»'*.* *?. • *%
Hab. Lehui, Oahu.

Shell elongately conical ; whorls 7, flattened, slightly margined
above ; aperture elongately ovate ; lip thickened, white, with a cen-
tral internal callus ; columella short, with a strong plaited projecting
tooth ; colour of epidermis light corneous.

Var. a. With the lower third of the last whorl dark brown.
This species forms a new type of the genus ; characterized by the
white auricular-formed aperture. It is terrestrial, and not arboreal in
its habits.

16

* 34. ACHATINELLA VITREA (PL XXIII. fig. 34). A. testa conico-
ovata, tenui, nitida, pellucida; anfractibus 7, rotundis supra
prope suturam obscure marginatis ; striis forlibus prope suturam,
distinctis in testa; apertura elongata subovata; labro simplici,
interne subincrassato, infra contracto ; columella brevissima in
plicam contortam terminante ; colore corneo speciem luteam vel
roseam accipiente ; sutura vitta lata nigra signata.

^ng- si!*- is P°U-

Hob. Manoa, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate, thin, shining, diaphanous ; whorls 7, rounded,
indistinctly margined above, very near the suture ; striae strong near
the suture, distinct over the shell ; aperture elongately subovate ; lip
simple, slightly thickened within, contracted below ; columella very
short, terminating in a twisted plait; colour corneous, with a yellowish
or pinkish tinge ; suture marked by a broad black band.

This is an extremely beautiful species. Its locality is near the sum-
mit of the mountain ridge dividing Manoa from Palolo valley.

35. ACHATINELLA AFFINIS (PI. XXIII. fig. 35). A. testa acute
conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis non marginatis ; sutura bene im-
pressa ; apertura ovata ; labro tenui ; columella cum dente lamel-
lari albo plicato ; colore albo, roseo vel rubro-flavo cum vestigiis
epidermatis fusco-nigra ; ultimo anfractu superioribus pallidiore.

Long. g;lat.g poll.

Hab. Kula, E. Mani.

Shell acutely conical; whorls 6, rounded, not margined; suture well
impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip thin ; columella with a white lamellar
twisted tooth ; colour white, roseate or salmon, with traces of a dark
brown epidermis ; last whorl lighter-coloured than the upper ones.

This species belongs to a group of which the following are asso-
ciated, viz. A. modesta, Adams, from Molokai, A. mucronata, A. pu-
poidea, A. Mastersi, A. assimilis and A.flamda. To the same group
may be referred A. rubens, Gould, A. decepta, Adams, and A. nubi-

losay Mighels.

P

36. ACHATINELLA ACUTA (P1 _VVTTT fl^ f*fi) A. testa acute
turriformi, sinistrorsa ; anfractibus 7, ventricosis ; sutura pro-

funda; columella plicata ; apertura ovata ; labro simplici ; striis
numerosis longitudinalibus et bene notatis ; colore cuticulte fusco.

± -~ ~ *-• *< 4. w -

Long. ±; lat. poll. *»*3Z-~ ;K~. **-• *<}. 4r.

Hab. Lehui, Oahu.

Shell acutely turreted, sinistral ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deep ;
striae numerous, longitudinal and well defined ; aperture ovate ; lip
simple ; columella plicate ; colour of epidermis brown.

But a solitary specimen of this shell has been found ; but its cha-
racters are clearly marked, and no described species resembles it in
form.

37. ACHATINELLA POLITA (PI. XXIII. fig. 37). A.testadextrorsa,
nitida; anfractibus 5, convexis, supra marginatis; sutura bene

"$ ( ( fv^ft

definita ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella for liter tuber culata
cum extremitate purpurea ; labro simplici ; colore luteo ; apertura
interne alba vel nigro-purpurea ; anfr. superioribus partim notis
coloris umbrosi obscure signatis ; sutura cum vel sine vitta nigra.
Long. IB; lat.|poll. { ...^ X~t ty*

Hab. Molokai. ,/V

Shell dextral, polished ; whorls 5, convex, margined above ; suture
well-defined ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella strongly tuberculate,
with purple tip ; lip simple ; colour yellow, upper whorls tinged with
umber ; sutures with or without a black band ; aperture within white
or dark purple.

This species shows two varieties with and without the sutural
band. The aperture of the first within is purple, of the latter it is a
pure white.

J^x

38. ACHATINELLA soROR (PI. XXIII. fig.^38). A. testa sini-
strorsa, conica, turritiformi ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura valde
impressa; apertura subovata, parva; labro simplici; columella bre-
vissima, in dentem contortum plicatum terminante ; epidermate
tenui supra fusco- cornea et infra pallido-cornea.

Hab. Mani.

Shell sinistral, conically turreted ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deeply
impressed ; aperture subovate, small ; lip simple ; columella very
short, terminating in a twisted plicate tooth ; epidermis thin, dark
corneous above and light corneous below.

Var. a. Last whorl white, shell solid.

Length ^ ; breadth ^ inch.

Var. /3. Shell thin, dark corneous, poh'shed.

Length ^ ; breadth ^ inch.

This species is the complete analogue of A. acuta found in Oahu ;
it has a more ventricose aspect, and the striae are more developed in
the A. acuta.

39. ACHATINELLA OBESA (PL XXIII. fig. 39, 39 a). A. testa
depressa conica; solida, inflata; anfractibus 5, ventricosis, striatis;
sutura bene definita ; apice acuto ; apertura ovata ; columella plica
forti alba pr&dita ; labro intus incrassato ; cuticula coloris um-
apertura alba.

Hab. Hale a ka la, Mani.

Shell depressed, conical, solid, inflated ; whorls 5, rounded, striate ;
suture well-marked ; apex acute ; aperture ovate ; columella with a
strong white plait ; lip thickened within ; colour of epidermis dark
umber ; aperture white.

Var. agglutinans.

Shell somewhat carinated on the last two whorls, with the keel ex-
tended by agglutinations, giving it a pagoda-like form.

B

18

This is the most depressed of the genus, but carefully preserves the
generic characters, and in the variety exhibits a habit in land shells,
found, perhaps, only in Helicina agglutinans of Sowerby.

40. ACHATINELLA TEREBRA (PI. XXIII. fig. 40). A. testtt tUT-

rita; anfractibus 6, rotundis, ultimo subinflato, supra marginatis;
sutura bene impressa ; apertura elongato-ovata ; labro subreflexo,
interne adaucto ; columella brevi in plicam prominentem contortam
terminante ; striis decussantibus ; colore melleo cum signis undu-
lantibusfuscis, pcene obsoletis in anfr. superioribus ; labro, aper-
tura et columella niveis.
Long. £ 5lat. £ poll.
Hab. W. Mani.

Shell turreted; whorls 6, rounded, last one inflated, margined above;
suture well-impressed ; aperture elongate-ovate ; lip slightly reflected,
thickened within ; columella short, terminating in a prominent twisted
plait ; striae decussating ; colour light yellow, with wave-like brown-
coloured markings, nearly obsolete on the upper whorls ; lip, colu-
mella and aperture white.

41. ACHATINELLA MELANOSIS (PI. XXIII. fig. 41). A. testa dex-
trorsa, tenui depressa conica ; apice acuto ; anfractibus 5, rotundis,
ultimo inflate ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subrotunda ; labro
simplici, tenui; columella recta, alba et in plicam valde obliquam
terminante; colore nigro.

Hab. Hawaii.

Shell dextral, thin, conically depressed ; apex acute ; whorls 5,
rounded, the last inflated; suture well-impressed; aperture subrotund;
lip simple, thin ; columella straight, white, and terminating in a very
oblique plait ; colour black.

42. ACHATINELLA PUPOIDEA (PI. XXIII. fig. 42). A. testa dex-
trorsa, elongata ; anfractibus T , rotundis ; sutura prof unda ; aper-
tura parva subovata ; labro simplici ; columella brevi subdentata ;
epidermate tenui, pallide fusca ; colore anfr. ventral, albo, trium
altiorum subroseo et reliquorum plumbeo : linecefuscce ziczac in-
terdum reperiuntur in portionibus superioribus anfractuum infe-
riorum.

Long.il; lat.Apoll.
Hab. E. Mani.

Shell dextral, cylindrically elongate ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture deep ;
aperture small, subovate; lip simple; columella short, lightly toothed;
epidermis thin, of a light brown, beneath which the body whorl is
white, the three above pinkish, and the others leaden : brown zigzag
undulations are sometimes found on the upper portions of the lower
whorls.

t 43. ACHATINELLA CURTA (PL XXIII. fig. 43). A. testa conica,
sinistra, polita ; anfractibus 5, rotundis, supra marginatis, ulti-

li,

mis valde ventricosis ; apertura ovata ; labro simplici, interne
leviter incrassato ; columella brevi in callum abrupt? terminante ;
sutura leviter impressa ; colore luteo vel castaneo ; tequo vel cum
fascia suturali nigra ; rare duabus vel pluribus anfr., 2 ultimis
impositis ; columella albida vel subfusca.
Long. i2;lat.l poll.
Hab. Waialua, Oahu.

Shell conical, sinistral, polished ; whorls 5, rounded, margined
above, the last very ventricose ; aperture ovate ; lip simple, slightly
thickened within ; columella short, with an abrupt callous termina-
tion ; suture but slightly impressed ; colour yellow or chestnut, plain
or with a black sutural band, rarely with two or more on the last two
whorls ; columella white or light brown.

The rounded whorls and obese appearance of this shell are strikingly
characteristic. It is a rare species and extremely limited hi its range.

44. ACHATINELLA FUSCA (PI. XXIII. fig. 44). A. testa tenui,
cylindrice elongata ; anfractibus 5 , fere planis ; sutura lineari,sub~
impressa ; apertura ovata ; striis longitudinalibus bene expressis ;
colore fusco ; sutura infra marginem inferior em fasciola coloris
cornel circumcincta ; inferiori anfr. ultimi dimidio ejusdem co-

loris' , ,. /, ., J&,Jf»f,Vf,2>

Long.A;lat.|poll. >«J >"

Hab. Manoa, Oahu.

Shell thin, cylindrically elongate ; whorls 5, nearly flat ; suture
linear, slightly impressed ; aperture ovate ; lip acute ; columella den-
tated within ; longitudinal striae strongly developed ; colour brown,
with a narrow horn-coloured band revolving below each suture ; lower
half of the last whorl horn-coloured.

This small species is not arboreal in its habits, and is found among
the decaying leaves of the Tutui, near the base of the mountain at the
head of Manoa valley.

/ 45. ACHATINELLA RECTA (PI. XXIII. fig.45). A.testaplerumque
dextrorsa, solida, pyramidali ; anfractibus 6, subrotundis, superne
marginatis ; sutura leviter impressa; apertura subovata ; labro
simplici, interne incrassato ; columella brevi, torta et coalescente
cum labro interiori ; colore vario, plerumque flavo, cequo vel 2
vittis nigris in anfr. ultimo ornato, quorum alter a in apertura de-
currente, altera suturam appropinquante.

Long. £;Ui.£ poll.

Hab. Waialua, Oahu.

Shell usually dextral, solid, pyramidal; whorls 6, but slightly
rounded, margined above ; suture slightly impressed ; aperture sub-
ovate ; lip simple, thickened within ; columella short, twisting to
unite with the inner lip ; colour various, usually yellow, plain, or
with two black bands on the last whorl, one of which is lost in the
aperture, the other becomes sutural.

The shell above described is peculiar for its solidity and rigid
aspect. It possesses none of the graceful curves which give to this

B 2

20

genus so much of its beauty. The largest size yet discovered is given
in the measurement.

/ 46. ACHATINELLA GHANA (PI. XXIII. fig. 46). A. testa elongattt
conica, cornea; anfractibus 6, ventricosis, submarginatis ; aper-
tura oblonga ovata ; labro subincrassato ; sutura valde impressa ;
columella plica albida in apertura profunde immersa munita.
Long. I; ; lat. 1 poll. Ai^ , ^J , &j « , *&*&* • ^ , * ?, - '
Hob. Mani.

Shell elongately conic, corneous ; whorls 6, rounded, faintly mar-
gined ; aperture ohlong-ovate ; lip slightly thickened, white ; colu-
mella with a white plait deep in the aperture.

47. ACHATINELLA PORCELLANA (PL XXIII. fig. 47). A. testa
solidiori, conica, polita, fulgente ; anfractibus 5, rotundis, superne
marginatis ; apertura ovata ; labro expanso, tenui in margine, in-
terne incrassato ; columella brevi, tuberculari ; colors alboris por-
cellanei, cum vitta flavo-fusca pallida anfractum singulum circum
ambiente, quarum bin& in anfr. ultimo.

Long.^; lat. | poll.

Hob. E. Mani.

Shell rather solid, conical, polished, shining ; whorls 5, rounded,
margined above ; aperture ovate ; lip expanded, thin at the margin,
thickened within ; columella short, tubercular ; colour of a porcelain
whiteness, with a light fawn-coloured band encircling each whorl, the
last whorl having two.

48. ACHATINELLA VENULATA (PL XXIII. fig. 48, 48 a). A. testa
dextrorsa, elongato-conica ; anfractibus 7, convexis, submarginatis
superne ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subovata ; labro sim-
plici, interne adaucto ; columella fortiter plicata, contorta, color e
subroseo-suffuso ; colore albido vel albido-roseo cum venis longi-
tudinalibus viridibus vel oleastrensibus, ex epidermateformatis.

Long. g; lat. S poll.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, elongately conic ; whorls 7, convex, slightly margined
above ; suture well-impressed ; aperture subovate ; lip simple, thick-
ened within ; columella strongly plicate, twisted, of a pinkish hue ;
colour of shell white, or pinkish white, with longitudinal veins of
green or olive-green epidermal matter.

Var. a. Sinistral, with a deep black sutural band.

y 49. ACHATINELLA MUCRONATA (PL XXIII. fig. 49). A. testa
elongata ovata; anfractibus 6, ventricosis ; sutura superne sub-
impressa, profunda in junctura anfr. ultimi; apertura parva,
ovata; labro simplici; columella contorta, plicata ; anfractu ultimo
contracto et cuticula densa fusco-nigra tecto ; testa reliqua alba,
signis mucronatis numerosis fuscis ornata.

Long. £ ; lat. § poll. ^ ^ J . ^ 7/ rf^T ~VT

Hab. Mani. j(*

21

Shell elongate-ovate; whorls 6, rounded; suture above lightly
impressed, becoming deep at the junction of the last whorl ; aper-
ture small, ovate ; lip simple ; columella with a twisted plait ; the
last whorl contracted and covered with a dense black epidermis ; the
superior whorls white, with numerous arrow-headed brown markings.

This shell is intermediate between A. modesta of Adams, a Molokai
species, and A. assimilis, the following species.

50. ACHATINELLA JoHNSONi (PL XXIII. fig. 50). A. testa dex-
trorsa, elongata conica ; anfractibus 7, subrotundis, superne leviter
submarginatis ; sutura prof undo. ; apertura subovata ; columella
valde plicata, rosea cum margine nigro; colore testa albo vel roseo
cum 2 out pluribus lineis nigris, quarum singula vel duo cen-
trales, cum alia suturali et alia plerumque ampliori infra anfr.
ultimum.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell dextral, conically elongate ; whorls 7, slightly rounded, supe-
riorly indistinctly margined ; suture rather deep ; aperture subovate ;
columella with a strong plication, pink, margined with black ; colour
of shell white or pinkish, banded with two or more narrow black lines,
one or two of which are central, one sutural, and one usually broader
inferiorlv on the last whorl.

The following form an alliedgroup : — A.producta, hybrida, aplustre,
venulata and Johnsoni.

This species is dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Johnson, of Kawai, whose
assistance in my researches I most thankfully acknowledge.

51. ACHATINELLA APLUSTRE (PL XXIII. fig. 51). A. testaco-
nica, dextrorsa; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura leviter impressa,
simplici; apertura semiovata; labro tenui; columella callosa, inpli-
cam tortam lerminante ; colore albo-cceruleo in apicefusco ; anfr.
3 primis spiralibus albidis, reliquis vitta ampla centrali coloris
rosei et binis fasciis nigris marginalibus ornatis anfr. ultimo.

Long. 1 ; lat. g poll.

Hab. Kolau, Oahu.

Shell conical, dextral ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture moderately im-
pressed, simple ; aperture semiovate ; lip thin, with a callus, termi-
nating in a twisted plait, bluish white tipped with brown ; three first
spiral turns white, the others with a broad central pink band, mar-
gined by two deep black bands ; on the last whorl, superiorly and in-
feriorly, is a broad bright green band.

The gaudy colouring of this species alone separates it from the
A. Johnsonii, Nob. It belongs to the same section with A.producta,
Reeve, which may be taken as the type of a group of species num-
bering some half-a-dozen, and which requires still further additions
to render it complete.. >, «. <^ ^ ,cf««,« t.~rf '-^- <•> nt.,^ J*2 "*• /**•'

52. ACHATINELLA HYBRIDA (PL XXIII. fig. 52). A. testa dex-
trorsa, conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, superne marginatis ; ul-

22

timo subinflato ; sutura bene impressa; columella alba vel sub-
fusca in plicam contortam desinente ; apertura ovali alba ; labro
simplici, interne incrassato; striis longitudinalibus delicatis; color e
viridi vel fusco in anfr. ultimo, albo in superioribus cum venis
longitudinalibus for mo sis ejusdem coloris ac epidermate. ,

Long. 1J; lat. g poll. M c^v^V^ ^ J— r" 'Q
Hab. Kolau, Oahu. c^^jV^ ' J*«c~.t *ff,t*~*,

Shell dextral, conical ; whorls 6, rounded, margined ahove, the last
somewhat inflated ; suture well-impressed ; columella white or brown-
ish, terminating in a twisted plait ; aperture ovate, white ; lip simple,
thickened within ; striae longitudinal, fine ; colour of shell green, or
brown on the last whorl, above white, with fine longitudinal veins of
the colour of the epidermis.

This species seems to be intermediate between A. producta, Reeve,
and A. venulata.

53. ACHATINELLA ASSIMILIS (PL XXIII. fig. 53). A. testa CO-

nico-elongata, superne acuta ; anfractibus 7, rotundis ; sutura bene
impressa ; apertura parva, ovata; columella brevissima plicata con-
torta ; labro acuto, interne subincrassato ; colore albo vel rubro-
flavido, dimidio inferiori anfractus ultimi inter dum albido, interne
albo-niveo.

Long. H; lat. g poll.
Hab. W. Muni.

Shell conically elongate, acute above ; whorls 7, rounded ; suture
well-impressed ; aperture small, ovate ; columella very short, plicate,
twisted ; lip acute, thickened slightly within ; colour white or salmon,
sometimes the lower half of the last whorl white, and the rest of sal-
mon, within pure white.

This species might be mistaken for a dwarf variety of A. Mastersi.
Its habits are quite different, its locality distant, and the shell has an
aspect quite distinct from the small varieties of A. Mastersi, as found
on W. Mani.

54. ACHATINELLA RETICULATA (PI. XXIV. fig. 54). A. testa co-
nico-ovata; anfractibus 6, perrotundis ; sutura mediocri superne,

profunda supra anfr. ultimum ; apertura parva, ovata ; colu-
mella brevi cum dente plicato, fere transverse ; colore fusco vel
castane ocum lineis et notis transversis albidis, Jiguras varias
epidermate imponentibus , speciem texti spiculati vel operis acupicti
pr(£bentibus.
Long. IH; lat. i poll.
Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate ; whorls 6, much-rounded ; suture moderate,
except at the junction of the last whorl, which is deep ; aperture
small, ovate ; columella short, with a plicate tooth, nearly transverse ;
colour brown or chestnut, with white transverse lines and markings,
laid on to the epidermis in various patterns like lace-work or em-
broidery.

23

* 55. ACHATINELLA ORNATA (PL XXIV. fig. 55). A. testa sini-
strorsa, acute pyramidali nitida ; anfractibus 6, piano-conveys,
supra marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura in testa adulta
subquadrata, subovata in immatura ; labro in margine subincras-
sato ; columella lata et complanata ; testa superficie undulis alter-
nantibus vel signis ziczac albidis vel nigris, ad longitudinem di-
gestis,, obtecta, cum vitta subventrali transversa nigra, interdum
etiam cum albida contigua infra in anfr. ultimo.

Long. £;lat.£ poll.

Hab. K. Mtmi.

Shell sinistral, acutely pyramidal, shining ; whorls 6, plano-convex,
margined above ; suture well-impressed ; aperture subquadrate in the
adult, subovate in immature shells ; lip slightly thickened at the
edge ; columella broad and flattened ; surface of shell covered with
alternating undulations or zigzag markings of white and black arranged
longitudinally, with a subcentral transverse black band, sometimes
margined with a white one below on the last whorl.

This is an extremely rare species, found in a limited locality, in a
deep ravine, at the back of Lahaina.

ACHATINELLA ALBO-LABRIS (PL XXIV. fig. 56). A. testa co-
nico-ovata ; apice acuto ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, non marginatis ;
apertura ovata ; columella brevi, plicato-dentata ; labro semilunari
incrassato et albo ; colore umbroso, cum linea suturali flava ; in-
terne cteruleo- albida.

Long. £ slat. Spoil.

Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell conically ovate ; apex acute ; whorls 6, rounded, not mar-
gined ; aperture ovate ; columella short, plicately toothed ; lip semi-
lunar, thickened and white; colour dark umber, with a yellow sutural
line ; within bluish white.

We are compelled to separate this and another, the A. reticulata,
from A. nucleola of Gould, from which they differ in important and
permanent characters.

y 57. ACHATINELLA ELEGANS (PL XXIV. fig. 57). A.testaconico-
elongata, polita, nitente, solidiori ; anfractibus 6, plano-convexis ,
superne marginatis ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura subovata ;
labro albo, expanse, subreflexo, in medio subcontracto, intus
adaucto ; columella brevi, plana et subdentata ; colore albo et per-
fusco, modo secundum lineas ad longitudinem, modo maculis latis
alternante, nonnunquam cum fascia alba suturali altera in anfr.
ventrali addita.
Long.H; lat.|;poll.
Hab. Hauula, Oahu.

Shell conically elongate, polished, shining, rather solid ; whorls 6,
plano-convex, margined above ; suture well-impressed ; aperture sub-
ovate ; lip white, expanded, subreflected, somewhat contracted in its
centre, thickened within ; columella short, flat and lightly toothed ;

24

colour light and dark brown alternating, longitudinally arranged in
lineations or broad patches ; sometimes with a white sutural band,
and an additional one on the body whorl.

/ 58. ACHATINELLA PpEiFFERi (PI. XXIV. fig. 58). A. testa sini-
strorsa, acuminata, turriformi ; anfractibus 6, piano - convexis ;
sutura profunda; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella simplici et
plana ; labio exteriori simplici ; superficie sulcis longitudinalibus
profundis, qui striis transversis bene expressis decussantur ; in
juga et tubercula dissecta ; colore fusco cum lineis albis longitudi-
nalibus in anfr. superioribus .
' Long. £ ; lat. £ poll. jfa* , ,<*/, *l>y * ,
Hab. Molokai.

Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted ; whorls 6, flatly convex; suture
deep ; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella plain and smooth ; outer lip
simple ; surface irregularly cut up into furrows, ridges and tubercles
by deep longitudinal sulcations, crossed by strongly developed trans-
verse striae ; colour brown, with white longitudinal lines on the upper
whorls.

59. ACHATINELLA CUMINGII (PI. XXIV. fig. 59). A. testa sini-
strorsa, acuminata, turriformi; anfractibus 6, planulatis, supra
marginatis ; sutura subimpressa ; apertura oblongo-ovata; colu-
mella subcallosa ; labio externo tenui, elliptico ; striis numerosis
oblique transversis et fortiter delineatis, cum longitudinalibus de-
cussatis, supra totam testam diffusis ; colore fusco cum undulis
albidis in anfr. superioribus.

Long. £ ; lat. ± poll. J* J&. fy.- ^ &K ^ ^

Hab. Hale a Ka la, E. Mani. { h ** 'J

Shell sinistral, acuminate, turreted ; whorls 6, margined above,
planulate ; suture moderately impressed : aperture oblong-ovate ;
columella slightly callous ; outer lip thin, elliptical ; numerous striae,
obliquely transverse and well-marked, traverse the entire shell, with
longitudinal incremental striae more or less developed ; colour brown,
with obsolete white undulations on the superior whorls.

This species, with the preceding, form, with the A. plicata of
Mighels, a group of an eccentric and extremely interesting type.

No apology will be offered for dedicating this remarkable species
to H. Cuming, Esq., of London.

60. ACHATINELLA SOLITARIA (PI. XXIV. fig. 60). A.testaovata,
conica, dextra\ anfractibus 6, piano- convexis; sutura subimpressa;
apertura ovata ; labro acuto, intus incrassato ; columella alba,
brevi lata et abrupte contorta ; colore castaneo pallido cum striis
obscurioribus ad longitudinem, viridi prope basin ; fascia alba su-
turali in anfr. 2% ultimis, fascia in sutura superiori ; apice
lacteo.

Long.il; lat. S poll.
Hab, Palolo, Oahu.

25

Shell ovately conical, dextral ; whorls 6, flatly convex ; suture
slightly impressed ; aperture ovate ; Up acute, thickened within ; co-
lumella white, short, broad and abruptly twisted ; colour light chest-
nut, with darker longitudinal stripes ; green at the base, white sutural
band for the last 2^ whorls, brown band on the suture above.

But a solitary specimen of this species has been obtained. Its cha-
racters are, however, sufficiently striking to warrant in giving it a place
as a distinct species.

61. ACHATINELLA GERMANA (PI. XXIV. fig. 61). A. testa, dex-

trorsa, ovato-conica; anfractibus 6, piano - convexis ; apertura
ovata; labro acuto, intus incrassato ; columetta brevi, tubercu-
lari, fusca ; colore castaneo cum lineis delicatis obsoletis, trans-
versis, obscurioribus, vitta alba suturam ultimam transiente et
anfr. ventralem in centra dividente ; fascia lata in apertura eva-
nescente, columellam circumdante.
Long.H5lat.lpoU.
Hab. Makawao, Mani.

Shell dextral, ovately conical ; whorls 6, flatly convex ; aperture
ovate ; lip acute, thickened within ; columella brown, short and tu-
bercular ; colour chestnut, with fine obsolete darker transverse lines ;
a white band traverses the last sutural whorl and cuts the body whorl
centrally ; around the columella is a broad white band, losing itself
in the aperture.

Closely resembles the A. solitaria, and but for the widely distant
localities, might be taken for varieties of the same species. The mark-
ings and columellae are however quite distinct.

/ 62. ACHATINELLA FLAVESCENS (PL XXIV. fig. 62). A. testa
dextrorsa, conica; anfractibus 6, subrotundis; suturasimplici, bene
impressa; striis numerosis longitudinalibus, et bene formatis ; aper-
tura semiovali ; labro simplici ; columella brevi, cum dente obliquo
plicato ; colore testa externe uniusmodi subflavo, interne albido vel
roseo evanido. ,/

T 13 , 6 „ #' M*^<to "+**'•'

Long.-; lat.-poll.

Hab. Hawaii.

Shell dextral, conical ; whorls 6, slightly rounded ; suture simple,
well-impressed ; striae numerous, longitudinal and well-developed ;
aperture semiovate ; lip simple ; columella short, with an oblique
plaited tooth ; colour of shell externally of a uniform light reddish
yellow, internally white or pale rose.

This species belongs to a group, at the head of which stands A. ru-
bens of Gould. Its specific character is sufficiently marked. It is
one of three species thus far obtained on the large island of Hawaii.

/ 63. ACHATINELLA HELENA (PI. XXIV. fig. 63). A. testa ovato-
conica ; anfractibus 5, ventricosis ; sutura profunda ; apertura
ovata ; columella subcallosa ; striis minute decussatis ; colore rufo
alternante cum lineis ziczac albis longitudinalibus latis, totam

26

testam obtegentibus, cum vel sine fascia alba, anfr. ultimum cm-

- ' </s '

, lf „

Long.-; lat.^poll.

.ff#5. Molokai, within the coil of the Ti tree leaf, as it starts frorn
the trunk.

Shell ovate-conical ; whorls 5, rounded ; suture deep ; aperture
ovate ; columella slightly callous ; striae finely decussated ; colour
rufous, alternating with broad longitudinal zigzag lines of white
covering the entire shell, with or without a white band encircling
the last whorl.

This forms the commencement of the type alluded to under the
description of A. dubia.

v 64. ACHATINELLA PHYSA (PL XXIV. fig. 64). A. testa sinistrorsa,
acuto-conica, tenui inflata ; anfractibus 5, rotundis ; sutura bene
impressa ; apertura oblongo-ovata ; columella tenui subplicata ; la-
bro simplici ; colore subflavo, fusco cum flammulis albidis longi-
tudinalibus, cum vel sine linea alba subcentrali revolvente circa
anfractum ventralem.
Long.H; lat.Apoll.
Hab. Mouna Kea, Hawaii.

Shell sinistral, acutely conical, thin, inflated ; whorls 5, rounded ;
suture well-marked ; aperture widely ovate ; columella thin, slightly
twisted ; lip simple ; colour light yellowish brown, with white longi-
tudinal flammules, with or without a subcentral revolving white line
on the body whorl.

65. ACHATINELLA DUBIA (PI. XXIV. fig. 65). A. testa dextrorsa
vel sinistrorsa, tenui, conico-elongata ; anfractibus 6, minute de-
cussatim striatis ; sutura simplici; apertura ovata ; labro ex-
panso, subreflexo ; columella alba, bulimoidea in speciebus juniori-
bus (adultis callo conspicuo preeditis) ; umbilico parvo et perforate ;
colore pallide corneo, cum lineis ziczac et maculis pallidis.
Long, ^lat.^ poll. ^ ^ ^,,}^,^T^,^
Hab. Waianoe, Oahu.

Shell dextral or sinistral, thin, conically elongate ; whorls 6, with
finely decussating striae ; suture simple ; aperture ovate ; lip ex-
panded, slightly reflected ; columella white, bulimoid except in adult
specimens (which exhibit a callus) ; umbilicus small and perforate ;
colour light corneous, with radiating zigzag lines, and blotches of a
light colour.

Found on bushes.

The above shell approaches in its characters very near to the genus
Bulimus. It is referred to this genus from its disposition to be either
sinistral or dextral ; from its animal being viviparous ; and from old
specimens exhibiting a flat twisted columellar tooth. It forms the
terminus of a series of four species herein described, viz. A. Helenat
A. physa and A. grisea, all heterostrophe species.

• 66. ACHATINELLA GRISEA (PI. XXIV. fig. 66). A. testa sini-

27

strorsa, infra inflata, in apice acuminata ; anfractibus 6, rotundis,
non marginatis ; apertura ovata ; columella brevi, plana et sub-
plicata ; labro expanse, interne incrassato ; sutura bene impressa ;
umbilico subaperto ; colore supra cinereo-albo, fuscopallide macu-
lato, infra cinereo ; anfractu ultimo vitta angusta albida circum-
dato.

Long. £ ;lat. 1 poll.
Hab. Makawao, Mani.

Shell sinistral, inflated below, pointed at the summit ; whorls 6,
rounded, not margined ; aperture ovate ; columella short, flat and
but slightly twisted ; lip expanded, thickened within ; suture well-
impressed ; umbilicus open ; colour above greyish white mottled with
light brown, below of an ashy grey ; the body whorl encircled by a
narrow white band.

This species belongs to the beautiful group of thin shells made up
of the following species : A. Helena, A. physa and A. dubia.

^ 67. ACHATINELLA MASTERSI (PL XXIV. fig. 67). A.testadex-
trorsa, tenui, conica ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, supra Icviter ru-
gosis, inferior ibus fortiter inflatis ; apice acuto ; sutura valde im-
pressa ; apertura ovata ; labro simplici ; columella brevi, cum
plica lamellari tenui; colore superbo castaneo vel albo, cum
vestigiis epidermatis tenuis fusco-nigris ; intra albo vel cteruleo-
evanido.

Long. J5;lat.4 poll.
Hab. Mani.

Shell dextral, thin ; whorls 7, rounded, slightly rugose above, the
last strongly inflated ; apex acute ; suture well-impressed ; aperture
ovate ; lip simple ; columella short, with a thin lamellar plait ; colour
of shell white or rich chestnut, with traces of a thin brown epidermis ;
within white or bluish white.

This species I dedicate to S. I. Masters, Esq., who has been inde-
fatigable in his researches on the islands of Oahu, Mani and Ranai,
and who has furnished many choice and beautiful shells of this genus
before unknown to science.

The size varies much in this species, and the colouring is also
various, running from pure white through various tints to a light ma-
hogany. The lower part of the shell is not unfrequently white, and
the upper portion bright chestnut or rose-coloured.

* 68. ACHATINELLA DECIPIENS (PL XXIV. fig. 68). A. testa co-
nico-elongata, solida ; anfractibus 6, subrotundis, supra depressis ;
apertura elongato-ovata ; labro subreflexo ; columella brevi, ob-
lique plicata, cum callo expanso ; sutura subimpressa ; striis nume-
rosis, longitudinalibus, obliquis ; colore albo cumfasciis transver-
sis luteis, vel luteo cum lineis transversis albidis, et striis longi-
tudinalibus castaneis.
Long. j|;lat.£ poll.
Kahana, Oahu.

28

Shell conically-elongate, solid ; whorls 6, slightly rounded, mar-
gined above ; aperture elongately-ovate ; lip subreflected ; columella
short, obliquely twisted, with an expanded callus ; suture slightly im-
pressed ; striae numerous, longitudinal, oblique ; colour white with
yellow transverse bands, or yellow with white transverse lines, and
longitudinal chestnut-coloured stripes.

This species cannot be confounded with any other than the A. sub-
virens in one of its varieties, the distinctive marks of which are given
under that species.

; 69. ACHATINELLA RUBiGiNOSA (PL XXIV. fig. 69). A. testa
dextrorsa, solida, ovato-conica ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra
marginatis; sutura bene impressa ; labro subreflexo, interne in-
crassato ; apertura ovata ; columella brevi, fortiter dentata, cum
callo expanso umbilicum obtegente ; colore ferrugineo-fulgente,
cum vitta alba suturas sequente ; columellce et anfractus ultimi
parte inferiore et exteriore albida.
Long.^;lat.|poll.
Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell dextral, solid, ovately conical ; whorls 6, rounded, margined
above ; suture well-impressed ; lip lightly subreflected, thickened
within ; aperture ovate ; columella short, strongly dentate, with an
expanded callus covering the umbilicus ; colour of a bright reddish
brown, with a white band accompanying the sutures ; columella and
lower and outer portion of last whorl white.

This species passes into the white variety of A. t&niolata of Pfeif-
fer ; but in the latter species the mantle of the animal is of a dark
slate-colour, and in the above species it is of a light flesh-colour. The
markings are characteristic of the species, the rusty hue varying in
intensity and quantity of surface covered in different specimens.

K 70. ACHATINELLA VARIABILIS (PI. XXIV. fig. 70). A. testa si-
nistrorsa vel dextrorsa, conico-acuminata, polita, nitente ; an-
fractibus 6, rotundis, superne submarginatis ; apertura subovata ;
columella brevi, cum tuberculo forti coloris rosei munita ; labro
expanso, acuto ; colore testte vario, albo,flavo, nigro, etc., piano
vel cum cingulis sex minusve, colorum diversorum in anfr. ul-
timo.

Long, i; hi. Spoil.

Hab. Ranai.

Shell sinistral or dextral, conically acuminate, polished, shining ;
whorls 6, rounded, lightly margined above ; aperture roundly ovate ;
columella short, armed with a strong tubercle of a roseate colour ;
lip expanded, acute ; colour of shell white, yellow, black and other
shades, plain or with from one to six bands of various colours on the
last whorl.

This is the most variable species in markings that has yet been
found among the Achatinellce. It is extremely difficult to find two
(except the plain ones) precisely alike in this respect.

29

m 71. ACHATINELLA CRASSA (PI. XXIV. fig. 71). A. testa dex-
trorsa, conica, solida, in apice acuminata ; anfractibus 6, rotun-
dis ; ultimo ventricoso ; striis decussantibus ; sutura moderata ;
apertura subovata ; columella brevi, in plicam fortem terminante ;
labro albo, late expanso et subreflexo ; umbilico aperto ; color e
castaneo-fusco, albis punctis inter spersis , cum vitta alba subcen-
trali in anfractu ultimo.
Long. £;lat.£ poll.
Hab. Ranai.

Shell dextral, conical, solid, pointed at the apex ; last whorl ven-
tricose ; striae decussating ; whorls 6, rounded ; suture moderate ;
aperture subovate ; columella short, terminating in a very strong
plait ; lip white, broadly expanded and subreflected ; umbilicus open ;
colour dark chestnut sprinkled with white, with a white band sub-
central on the last whorl.

This shell approaches in form the genus Partula. Having ob-
tained the specimens alive, I have been enabled to examine the ani-
mal, and can find no marks to distinguish it from the common type
of the genus Achatinella.

72. ACHATINELLA BALDWINII (PL XXIV. fig. 72). A. testa dex-
trorsa, conico-ovata, ad longitudinem striata ; anfractibus 7, sub-
convexis, non marginatis ; sutura simplici, bene impressa; aper-
tura elongata, ovata ; columella longa, cum dente albo plicato ;
labro acuto, cum massa alba obtecto, interne fusco marginato ;
apertura cceruleo-albida ; colore subfusco, cum vestigiis cuticulce
tennis nigr<B ; anfr. 4 supremis nigris,

Long. £sl«t.£ poll.

Hab. Ranai.

Shell dextral, conically elongate, striated longitudinally ; whorls 7,
slightly convex, not margined ; suture simple, well- impressed ; aper-
ture elongate-ovate ; columella long, with a white plicate tooth ; lip
acute, margined within with brown ; aperture bluish white ; labrum
with a white deposit ; colour of shell light brown, with traces of a
thin black epidermis ; first four whorls black.

This species is dedicated to the Rev. Mr. Baldwin of Lahaina. It
belongs to the limited group of A. gigantea and A. molacea. There
has been but one specimen of this species as yet obtained.

73. ACHATINELLA BUDDII (PI. XXIV. fig. 73). A. testa sini-
strorsa, conico- ovata, solida; anfractibus 6, convexis, supra deli-
cate marginatis; sutura moderate depressa, cum cingulo albo ;
apertura ovata ; labro acuto, inferiori recedente, interne incras-
sato ; columella brevi, cum plica terminali ; colore albido-luteo ,
plumbeo velfulvo ; apertura et columella alba.

Long. S;lat.£ poll.
Hab. Palolo, Oahu.

Shell sinistral, conically ovate, solid; whorls 6, convex, slightly
margined above ; suture moderately impressed, banded with white ;

30

aperture ovate ; lip acute, thickened within ; columella short, with a
terminal plication ; colour yellowish (or cinnamon), slate or fawn ;
columella and aperture white.

This uncommon species I take pleasure in dedicating to Dr. B. W.
Budd of New York, who has largely contributed in assisting others
to build up a scientific reputation in the United States.

\/ 74. ACHATINELLA EMMERSONII (PL XXIV. fig. 74). A. testa
conica, polita, dextrorsa, solidiori ; anfractibus 6, rotundis, supra
marginatis ; sutura distincta ; apertura subovata, intus peralbida ;
columella brevi, tuberculata ; labro acuto, intus nigro marginato ;
testa superjicie externa omni ex parte margaritacea alba.
Long. — ; lat. — poll.
Hab. District of Waialua.

Shell conical, polished, dextral, rather solid ; whorls 6, rounded,
margined above ; suture distinct ; aperture subovate ; columella short,
tuberculate ; lip acute, within margined, black ; aperture internally
pure white ; exterior of shell uniform pearly white.

This shell in its general aspect is the complete counterpart of
A. Mighelsiana of Pfeiifer. The latter species is from Molokai.
This is clearly distinct, as may be seen by a cursory examination of
the two species.

*' 75. ACHATINELLA BIPLICATA (Pl.XXIV. fig. 75). A. testa dex-
trorsa, elongato-cylindrica ; anfractibus 7, rotundis, longitudina-
liter valde striatis ; sutura profunda ; apertura parva subovata ;
labio subcallosa ; columella biplicata ; labro acuto, intus submar-
ginato ; color e subroseo, epidermide fusco tenui partim obtecta ;
anfractibus supremis nigris ; apertura intus rubra.
Hab. Ranai, Sandwich Islands.

Shell dextrorsal, elongately cylindrical ; whorls 7, rounded, longi-
tudinally strongly striated ; suture deep ; aperture small, subovate ;
inner lip rather callous ; columella biplicate ; outer lip acute, sub-
marginate within ; colour rosy, partly concealed by a thin brown epi-
dermis ; upper whorls black ; aperture red within.

76. ACHATINELLA SEMICARINATA (PL XXIV. fig. 76). A. testa
dextrorsa, solida, ovato- conica, longitudinaliter substriata; an-
fractibus 5, planulatis, supra marginatis, ultimo in medio angulato
et semicarinato ; apertura ovata ; columella valde uniplicata, plica
contorta, dentiformi ; labro antice producto, intus valde margi-
nato ; color e stramineo ; apertura intus alba.
Hab. Island of Ranai.

Shell dextrorsal, solid, ovately-conical, longitudinally substriated ;
whorls 5, flattened, marginate above the last, angulated in the middle
and semicarinated ; aperture ovate ; columella ending in a tortuous
obtuse dentiform plait ; outer lip anteriorly produced, strongly mar-
ginate within ; colour pale yellow ; aperture white internally.

A straw-coloured conical species, with the last whorl partially sur-
rounded with an elevated keel.

31

/"77. ACHATINELLA MCESTA (PL XXIV. fig. 77). A. testa dex-
trorsa, turrito-conica ; anfractibus 7, convezis, longitudinaliter
striatis ; apertura parva, ovata, leviter contracta ; columella recta,
plica valida, spirali, alba, in medio munita ; colore rufescenti ;
anfractibus supremis nigris, mediis lineis nigris flexuosis et angu-
latis, ultimo epidermide fusca obtecto.
Nab. Island of Ranai. //, <Wr<t£c d£,e. (W
Shell dextrorsal, turrito-conical ; whorls 7, convex, longitudinally

striated; aperture small, ovate, slightly contracted; columella straight,

with a strong white spiral callus in the middle ; colour reddish brown ;

the upper whorls black, the middle with black zigzag lines, the last

covered with a dark brown epidermis.

r 78. ACHATINELLA OBSCURA (PL XXIV. fig. 78). A. testa dex-
trorsa, turrito-conica ; anfractibus 7, longitudinaliter striatis,
subrotundis, superne marginatis ; sutura leviter impressa ; aper-
tura parva, ovata; columella subtortuosa, lamina spirali munita;
labro acuto, simplici ; colore sordide fulvo, epidermide nigro-
fusca obtecto ; anfractibus supremis nigris.
Hab. Island of Ranai. „ ), at <e**i* ^ '<-r .• ^J
Shell dextrorsal, turrito-conical ; whorls 7, longitudinally striated,
rather convex, marginate superiorly ; suture slightly impressed ; aper-
ture small, ovate ; columella subtortuous, furnished with a spiral la-
mina ; outer lip acute, simple ; colour dirty fulvous, covered with a
blackish brown epidermis ; the upper whorls black.

y^ 79. ACHATINELLA CONCINNA (PL XXIV. fig. 79). A. testa dex-
trorsa, umbilicata, subnitida, longitudinaliter creberrime striata ;
anfractibus 6, convexis ; sutura impressa; apertura ovata; colu-
mella brevi, recta, reflexa, lamina spirali antice munita; labro
simplici, acuto ; colore citrino ; anfractibus supremis roseis.
Hab. Island of Ranai.
Shell dextrorsal, umbilicated, longitudinally very finely striated,

rather shining ; whorls 6, convex ; suture impressed ; aperture ovate ;

columella short, straight, the margin reflexed, furnished anteriorly

with a spiral plait ; outer lip simple, acute ; colour pale yellow ; the

uppermost whorls rosy.

Proc . Z . rf . Mafi

90- JO

SZ.

* >

£4

Hroc. Z. S.MoIrasca.IXIIL

4 4

Z8

52. 33

35 36 37

& * %

3$ 39

A-'*'

4

x

54 5Z

George S

eeve.

™

64

66 66 67 68

Catalogue of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells, &c. 69

XL — Catalogue of the Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells of St.
Thomas, West Indies, by K. J. SHUTTLE WORTH, of Berne, Swit-
zerland, Corresponding Member.

Communicated by T. BLAND.* Head Feb. 6, 1854.

1. (21.) HELIX VORTEX Pfr. Habitat etiam in Portorico.

2. (23.) HELIX suBAQUiLAf Shuttl. n. sp. Differt ab H.
Boothiana Pfr. et H. peraffinis C.B.Ad., umbilico angustiore,
spira depressiore, et colore ssepe pallide corneo vel infumato.
An forsan H. spreta C. B. Ad. species mihi ignota. Habitat
copiosissime in Portorico.

3. (22.) HELIX EUCLASTA Shuttl. n. sp. Differt ab H.fragi-
lis Pfr., cui maxime affiriis, costulis confertioribus, minus pro-

* In October, 1852, with the assistance of the late Professor C. B. Adams, I
prepared a " Catalogue of the Terrestrial Shells of St. Thomas, W. I.," which was
published in Part XL of his " Contributions to Conchology." At the same period
I learned from Professor Adams that Mr. Shuttleworth contemplated a publica-
tion on the Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells of the West Indies, and was engaged
on those of St. Thomas, in which island his collector, the late Mr. Blauner, had
been lately employed. I accordingly sent to Mr. S. specimens of all the species
which I had myself collected in that island, in the spring of 1852, and requested
him, after examination of Mr. Blauner's shells, to favor me with his observations,
as I much desired to have a correct catalogue of the species.

Mr. S. has very kindly complied with my wish, by transmitting the accompany
ing notes ; — at the date of them (20th December, 1863), he had not published his
diagnoses of the new species, as he waited to ascertain the result of the labors of
Dr. Pfeiffer, who had received at least some of them through Mr. H. Cuming.
The numbers within brackets correspond with the numbers of the species in my
catalogue in the " Contributions to Conchology." T. B.

f Poey believes this to be H. Boothiana Pfr. He remarks that the narrower
umbilicus, and more depressed spire, are noticeable in some individuals only, and
that the color depends on the degree of freshness of the shells. I have compared
this shell with H. spreta C. B. Ad., and also with H. Boothiana Pfr., sent to me
by Poey from Cuba, and am of opinion that it is distinct from each. T. B»

70 Catalogue of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells,

minentibus et statura major! ; — altera species affinis (H. musicola
mihi), habitat in Portorico, spira acute elevata maxirne distincta.

4. (24.) HELIX G-UNDLACHI Pfr. .Copiosissime habitat etiam
in Portorico.

5. (19.) HELIX INCERTA Fer. Yera species Ferussaciana, —
et distincta ab exemplaribus sub hoc nomine semper distributis,
qualia tantum ex insula St. Johannis accepi. Haec species est
H. notabilis(mihi).=H. lima, var. notabilisFer.—H. alutacea Ziegl.
ined. H. incerta Fer. est autem subfossilis.

6. (20.) HELIX NEMORALINA Petit. Specimina majora habi-
tant in insula St. Johannis.

7. (11.) BULIMUS VIRGULATUS (Fer.). Etiam in Portorico.

8. (12 and 13.) BULIMUS FRATERCULUS (Fer.). Ut mihi vi-
detur, ex lineis spiralibus evidentibus epidermidis quasi fimbri-
atis. Conf. Potiez et Mich, in Cat. de Douai ; Species quoad for-
mam, staturam, marginesque peristomatis magis vel minus con-
niventes, valde variabilis, in Portorico copiosissime occurrens.
B. sepulcralis* Poey, vix etiam distinctus. B. Dysoni, fide specim.
differt characteribus plurimis, In B. fraterculo character exi-
mium semper adest, nempe nucleus (anfr. primordiales 1§) pul-
cherrime granulosus, granulis rhombiformibus ; anfr. sequentes
autem lineis spiralibus eximie ciliati.

9. (10.) BULIMUS G-UADALUPENSIS Brug. Nomen Brug.
retinendum. H. exilis Gmel. ad figuras tantum conferta, pluri-
mas species continet (B. virgulatus Fer., &c.) Etiam in Porto-
rico.

* Pfeiffer (fide Poey) considers this a good species, and Poey thinks it distinct
from B. fraterculus, in which I coincide. T. B.

of the Island of St. Thomas, W. I. 71

10. (14.) STENOGYRA* SUBULA (Pfr.). Etiam in Portorico.

11. STENOGYRA OCTONOIDES (C. B. Ad.). " "

12. STENOGYRA GOODALLI (Mull.). " "

13. (15.) STENOGYRA SWIFTIANA (Pfr.). " '"
copiosissime.

14. (7.) STENOGYRA OCTONA (Chem.). " "

15. (8.) ACHATINA SUBTILIS Shuttl. n. sp. Ab A. pellucens
C. B. Ad. certe distinctissime, et ut videtur indescripta. Colu-
mella valde involuta et arcuata basique truncata.

16. (9.) ACHATINA G-UNDLACHI Pfr.f Specimina Pfeiiferiana
non vidi, — certe distincta ab A. iota C. B. Ad., — spira aciculari
magis acuminata, et statura majore. Habitat etiam in Ja-
maica.

17. (16.) SPIRAXJS? (sectionova " Geomelaniformes") EJUN-
CIDA Shuttl. n. sp. diifert a Spiraxis (Bulimus) gracillima Pfr.
costis minus validis, magis approximatis, interstitiis vix incon-
spicue striatulis, et anfr. infer, gracilioribus, minus inflatis.J

* I propose STENOGYRA for the acicular Bulimi, and Achatince, — B. subula, octo-
noides, — A. octona, — B. terebraster, and their respective allies, which I am enabled
to characterize by the habits of the animal, Ac. The geographical distribution is
perfectly beautiful, occupying a belt all round the globe, comprised between 30°
N. and S., only one or two species going beyond. The genus will contain some 60
'species at least The animals are carnivorous, and the genus is to Bulimus, as
Zonites is to Helix, and Glandina to Achatina. B. j. a.

f Professor C. B. Adams erroneously distributed this shell with his A. iota.

T. B.

J I sent specimens of this shell to Mr. Poey and Dr. A. A. Gould. The former
believes it to be the same as the Cuba shell. Dr. Gould has compared it with

72 Catalogue of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells,

18. (17.) PUPA SERVILIS* Gould. Specimina authentica cl.
auctoris nondum vidi. P. pellucida et marginalba Pfr. mihi etiam
ignotse. P. Riisd Pfr. mihi hucusque nee ex St. Thomas, nee
ex Portorieo obvia. P. servilis Gould habitat etiam in Porto-
rico.

19. (6.) MACROCERAMUS MICRODON (Pfr.). Yarietas major,
anfr. planioribus, &c., habitat in Portorieo, sed rarior.

20. (5.) CYLINDRELLA PALLIDA (Guild.). Forma major, ha-
bitat etiam in Portorieo.

21. (18.) SUCCINEA APPROXIMANS Shuttl. n. sp. ? Habitat
etiam in Portorieo. Differt ab S. Sagra Orb. spira multo magis
elevata, — sed etiam distincta a S.fulgens Lea.

22. (1.) CYCLOSTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) ANTILLARUM
Sowb. — etiam in Portorieo.

23. (2.) CYCLOSTOMA (CHONDROPOMA) NEWCOMBIANUM C.
B.Ad.

24. (3.) HELICINA SUBFUSCA Mke. Annon species imma-
tura ?f

individuals from Florida, and sent to me magnified outlines of both, taken with
a camera lucida. He remarks : " The number of ribs is the same, though this
number varies in different specimens, as does the size of the ribs." x. B.

* I lately submitted specimens from St Thomas to Dr. A. A. Gould, who found
them " to correspond in all respects" with his shell. TV B.

f I cannot distinguish young unfinished specimens of H. striata Lam. from
these. May it not be the H. striata transported from Portorieo, and never at-
taining full size and perfect state, as is the case with B. decollates in the Canaries ?

B. J. s.

The physical circumstances under which the animals live in the two nearly
adjacent islands are, I must think, the same, and I cannot^ therefore, adopt the
suggestion of Mr. Shuttleworth. T. B.

of the Island of St. Thomas, W. I. 73

25. (4 a.) HELICINA FOVEATA* Pfr. fide Bland in litt. Species
distinctissima, cujus varietas minor (plerumque immatura) est —

(4.) H. FOVEATA var. (3. rubella. H. rubella Pfr. fide Bland,
in litt. Oceurrit var. etiam in Portorico.

26. TRUNCATELLA SUBCYLINDRICA Gray. Tr. Cariboeensis
Sowb. eadem species quam T. succinea C. B. Ad., est species dis-
tincta, quern tantum ex Jamaica accepi, — differt species Jamai-
censis ab specie St. Thomasi, statura multo majori, anfractibus
valde planatis, et prsesertim carina basali dealbata conspicua.

27. TRUNCATELLA PULCHELLA Pfr.

28. TRUNCATELLA CLATHRUS Lowe — a Blaunero tantum lecta.
Truncatellae omnes etiam a Portorico accepi.

29. PLANORBIS DECIPIENS C. B. Ad? Specimina juniora
pulcherrime crystallina.

30. PLANORBIS CIRCUMLINEATUS Shuttl. n. sp. (Specimina
tua majora et valde erosa, forsan a sp. Blaunerianis distincta?)
Habitat etiam in Portorico.

31. PHYSA SOWERBYANA Orb. (Omnino cum icone Orbign-
yana convenit, sed saepius ut P. Sowerbyana speciem sequentem
accepi.) Habitat etiam in Portorico.

32. PHYSA STRIATA Orb. Lineae spirales microseopicse sem-
per adsunt.

33. ANCYLUS OBSCURUS Hald. fide C. B. Ad. Species St.
Un. Americas nondum vidi.

*In 1852, I sent these Helicinse to Mr. Cuming, who forwarded them to Dr
Pfeiffer. Under date of April, 1853, Mr. C. informed me that Dr. P. had thus named
them, but I have not met with the descriptions. T. B.

74 Catalogue of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells, &c.

34. AMNICOLA CRYSTALLINA* (Pfr.).

" " var. ft. coronata (Paludestrina

coronata Pfr.). Etiam in Portorico.

35. NERITINA VIRGINEA (Linn.). Habitat etiam i#i Portorico.

36. KERITINA MELEAGRIS Lam. " " "

37. NERITINA VIBIDIS Lam, " " "

38. MELAMPUS CONTFORMIS (Brug.). " " "

39. MELAMPUS MONILIS (Lam.). " " "

40. MELAMPUS NITENS (Lam.). " " "

41. PEDIPES QUADRIDENS Pfr. " " "

42. ODOSTOMIA (TORNATELLINA) CuBENSisf (Pfr.). Habitat
etiam in Portorico.

* I cannot distinguish these as more than forms of the same species, as I find
every passage from the smooth to the aculeated shell As the smooth form is
most abundant, I take it as the type of the species. Paludestrina Candeana Orb.
appears to be different — it is from Guadaloupe, and is probably the same as
Melania spinifera C. B. Ad., which differs from the Cuba and St. Thomas species
not only in greater breadth, but by scarcely any appearance of perforation or
rima. From Portorico I think I have one or two other species, but am not yet
clear how far differences in size, and greater or less acumination of the spire, are
characteristic in this difficult genus. The name Amnicola must be retained in
preference to Hydrobia Hartm., Paludinella Pfr., and Paludestrina Orb. K. J. s.

f This is a literal (marine) shell — it was collected by Blauner with species of
Rissoa, Scutella, <fec., and sent with them marked marine. It will rank with
Truncatella, Auricula, and Pcdipes, in its claim to being land or freshwater. It is
decidedly no Tornatellina, and I have no doubt of my supposition that it is an
Odostomia. The solidity of the shell, its glossy appearance, <fec., are quite differ-
ent from the true Tornatellince. B. j. s.

Geographical Distribution of Terrestrial Mollusks. 75

XII. — Note on the Geographical Distribution of the Terrestrial Mol-
lusJcs which inhabit the Island of St. Thomas, W. I.

By T. BLAND. Read March 6, 1854.

The land shells which are common to St. Thomas and Por-
torico are indicated in Mr. Shuttle worth's Catalogue of the
species of the former island. H. vortex Pfr. is widely dis-
tributed in the West Indies. H. Gundhchi Pfr. is found in
Cuba, and H. nemoralina Pet. in St. John. H. enclasta Shuttl.,
so far as our knowledge at present extends, and perhaps also
H. incerta Fer., are peculiar to St. Thomas, — the latter only sub-
fossil. H. notabilis Shuttl. occurs in St. John, Anegada, and St.
Bartholomew. Pfeiffer attributes it (H. lima Fer. var. notabilis)
to Curagoa, on the authority of Beck. Bulimus virgulatus (Fer.),
and B. Gruadalupensw Brug. inhabit St. John, and have other-
wise a wide distribution. B. fraterculus (Fer.) occurs in several of
the West India Islands. The Stenogyrce. of St. Thomas are, I
believe, widely distributed, — none are peculiar to that island.
Achatina Gundlachi Pfr. is found in Cuba and Jamaica. Spi~
raxis? ejuncida Shuttl., if really distinct from the Cuba and Flo-
rida shells, is at present only known from St. Thomas. Pupa
servilis Gould inhabits Cuba, and I believe St. Croix and Ber-
muda. Hacroceramus microdon (Pfr.) and Cylindrella pallida
(Guild.) occur in St. John, and also Cyclostoma Antillarum Sowb.
The latter species is likewise attributed to Tortola and St. Yin-
cent.

I possess C. Newcombianum Ad. from St. John and Tortola,
and have received from Portorico a shell which seems scarcely
distinguishable from that species. Helicina subfusca Menk. and
H.foveata Pfr., occur in St. John.

It appears, then, that of the twenty -five species of Terrestrial
Mollusks, now known on original testimony to inhabit St.
Thomas (assuming all enumerated in Mr. Shuttleworth's Cata-

76 On the Absorption of the Internal Structure of Shells.

logue to be good species), only four, viz. Helix euclasta Shuttl,
H. incerta Fer., Spiraxis? ejuncida Shuttl, and Achatina subtilis
Shuttl, are peculiar to the island, while no less than seventeen
of the species are known, on the like testimony, to occur in
Portorico, having been collected there by the late Mr. Blauner
for Mr. Shuttleworth. On the other hand, at least nine of the
species inhabit St. John, — a number very likely to be increased
by further researches in that island. It may be remarked that
H. euclasta Shuttl. is closely represented in Portorico by H. mu-
sicola Shuttl^ — H. incerta Fer. by H. notabilis Shuttl. in St.
John, &c., arid S. ? ejuncida Shuttl. by B. gracillimus Pfr. in Cu-
ba, &c., so that the peculiarities of the fauna of St. Thomas, as
regards land shells, are trifling. In the larger islands, especially
Cuba, Hayti, and Jamaica, the proportion of species found ex-
clusively in each is very considerable. The species which have
the widest distribution in the West Indies, seem to be those
which from their habits are most liable to removal by human
agency ; but the opinion now gaining ground, that many indi-
viduals of a species were originally created in different parts
of its geographical area, must not be overlooked.

XIII. — On the Absorption of Parts of the Internal Structure of
their Shells, ly the Animals of STOASTOMA, LuciDELLA, TEO-
CHATELLA, HELICINA, and PROSERPINA.

By T. BLAND. Read February 27, 1854.

The power which mollusks possess of dissolving portions of
their own shells has been long known. This power is exerted
by some with a view to remove impediments to their growth, —

On the Absorption of the Internal Structure of Shells. 77

the Murices, for instance, destroy external spines, and the Pur-
puree wear away the walls of their apertures. Cones and Olives
reduce the thickness of the septa between the whorls of their
shells. A species of Harpa (ff. articulatd) is said to absorb only
the central part of the septa, so as to leave a slit between the
cavities of the different whorls. Other Mollusks carry this ab-
sorption of parts of their shells to a still greater extent. The
Neritidfie and Auriculidse dissolve all the internal spiral column,
as shown in the accompanying specimens.

I was not, however, aware until within the last few days,
that this alteration of internal structure prevailed in Stoastoma,
Lucidella, Trochatella, Helicina, and Proserpina, — the latter
genus non-operculated ; possibly the fact has been observed by
others.

While examining a broken young shell of H. maxima Sowb.
from Jamaica, I noticed the absence of the internal spiral
column and septa. The smoothness of the interior of the shell
beneath the apex, and particularly along the line of the sutures
of the upper whorls, precluded the idea of accidental injury to
the shell. On opening more individuals of the same and other
species of Helicina, and of Lucidella, Trochatella, and Stoastoma,
I found the same reduction of the interior of the shells, — the
outer wall of the last whorl (continued to a small extent be-
yond and in the rear of the operculum) only remaining. A
similar alteration was also observed in Proserpina.

I exhibit specimens of H. maxima Sowb., albolabris C. B. Ad.,
palliata. C.B.Ad., Hollandi C.B.Ad., and neritella Lam., L. aureola
Gray, T. Tankervillii Gray, and pukhella Gray, and also of S.
pisum C. B. Ad., P. pulchra C. B. Ad. (said to be var. of P. lin-
guifera Jonas), nitida Sowb., pisum C. B. Ad., globulosa (Orb ), de~
pressa (Orb.), and bidentata C. B. Ad., in which this alteration of
structure can be seen. It will be noticed that the edge of the
septa, where the absorption was discontinued, is rounded off, as
if to protect the animal from the injury which a sharp or un-
even edge would be likely to produce. That this absorption

78 On Proserpina opalina and Helix Proserpinula.

takes place before the thickening of the lip, is shown in the
young shell of H. maxima.

. What object the animals gain by this operation, I am at a
loss to conjecture, unless it be that they require more space for
the development of some organs at a certain stage of growth,
than the continued existence of the spiral column and septa
would permit. But I would ask whether any, and if so, what
structural peculiarity exists in the Terrestrial and other Mol-
lusks, in whose shells the spiral column and septa are removed,
which renders it necessary for them to effect such an alteration
of their habitations ?

XIV. — On PROSERPINA OPALINA C. B. Ad., and HELIX PRO-
SERPINULA Pfr.

By T. BLAND. Read March 6, 1854.

Having noticed (as explained in a paper lately read before
this Society) the removal of the spiral column and septa in
shells of six species of Proserpina (Pfeiffer enumerates eight
species in the third volume of his Monographia), I examined
the shells of P. opalina C. B. Ad., and Helix Proserpinula Pfr.

The former shell was originally called Helix hyalina by
Adams (fide Pfeiffer in Monog.), in some schedule, of the date
of which I am ignorant, but was first described by Adams in
January, 1845, in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of
Natural History, as Helix opalina. In June of the same year,
Pfeiffer described it in the Zeitschrift as H. margarita. It was
included by Adams in his Catalogue of Jamaica Helicidse, pub-
lished in the Annals of the Lyceum, vol. v., and in the Contri-

On Proserpina opalina and Helix Proserpinula. 79 -

butions to Conchology, in 1849, as a Proserpina, probably be-
cause Pfeiffer had referred it in 1848 to Odontostoma* in the
first volume of his Monographia.

Helix Proserpinula Pfr., was first described as P. discoidea in
1850, by Adams, in the Contributions. He there remarks, —
" This species is nearly allied to P. opalina. Being a genuine
Proserpina without teeth, it suggests the propriety of omitting
the phrase 'apertura intus dentata,' from the description of the
genus." In 1850 Pfeiffer described it as H. Proserpinula in the
Zeitschrift.

It turns out, curiously enough, that Adams was right in re-
garding Proserpina opalina as a Helix, and that it was trans-
ferred in error by Pfeiffer to Proserpina ; and on the other
hand, that Pfeiffer was correct in referring Adams's P. discoidea
to Helix. This is, I think, satisfactorily proved by the fact,
that in both the spiral column and septa remain intact, as ap-
pears always to be the case in Helix. I exhibit specimens of
both species, opened so as to show the alteration of internal
structure.

The return of this species to the genus Helix renders a new
specific name necessary, inasmuch as those of hyalina, opalina^
and margarita, are pre-occupied, and I accordingly suggest that
of infortunata.

The synonymy will then stand as follows :

Helix infortunata Bland, 1854

hyalina C. B. Ad. olim in Sched.

opalina C. B. Ad. in Proc. Bosk Soc. p. 16, Jan. 1845

margarita Pfr. in Zeit. f. Mai. p. 93, June 1845

Chemn. Ed. If. Helix t. 100, f. 24-27.

Odontostoma opalinum Pfr. in Monog. Hel. Viv. L 12, 1848
Proserpina opalina Pfr. 1. c. IIL p. 292, 1853
Chemn. L c. p. 13.

Pfeiffer in his third volume adopts the genus Proserpina.

[From Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York, Vol. VI., p. 80. April, 1854 j

XVI. — Descriptions of New Fluriaiile Shells of the Genus MELA-
Lam., from the Western States of North America.

By JOHN G. ANTHOXY, Esq., of Cincinnati, Ohio, Corresponding Member.
Read January 30 and February 27, 1854.

In June, 1853, the writer entered upon a pedestrian tour
through the States of Kentucky, Tennessee, and part of Georgia,
with the double purpose of renovating health, and of collecting
the numerous and varied species of fluviatile shells with which
our Western streams and rivers abound. The journey was
extended as far as Macon, in Georgia, when heavy and con-
tinuous rains arrested further progress, by swelling the streams
so high as effectually to debar all collecting. From the unusual
fulness of most of the other streams visited during the journey,
the number of Naiades obtained was restricted, but large quan-
tities of Jlelanidce were collected. Some of these were of old
and well known species; others represented species which,
though already named and described, are as yet little known
in collections, or have been described from solitary or imperfect
examples. The species named and characterized in the follow-
ing pages, with others to appear hereafter, consist, for the most
part, of the new acquisitions made during this journey.

The author regrets his inability to give a more precise state-
ment of habitat than that here assigned to most of his species ;
but the precautions he had taken for keeping his collections
distinct proved insufficient, and he, therefore, prefers to merely
name the State in which they were taken, — viz. Kentucky,
Tennessee, &c., — rather than misstate the stream where found.
The waters from which the specimens were collected were so

MARCH, 1854. 1 ANW. LYC. NAT. HIST., VOL. VL

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

various, and often so obscure, as to increase this difficulty.
Many of them, in fact, are unhonored with a name, being mere
springs, sometimes scarcely a foot wide, and a few inches deep.
The abundance of this form of animal life in this part of the
world, not only in species, but also in individuals, is inconceiv-
able to those accustomed to its paucity in the Eastern States.
In Kentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia, no running water is too
insignificant to be altogether devoid of shells. Among these,
Melanioe are strikingly abundant ; and, indeed, so far as noticed,
they were almost the sole denizens of the small streams. I can-
not recollect having seen a single specimen of Limncea or
Physa in all the route. Only two or three species of Paludina,
no Planorbis, perhaps two species of Cyclas, and only one Ancy-
lus (A. elatior nobis), a new species from Green Eiver, Ken-
tucky.

The most prominent streams examined were Green Eiver,
Barren River, Beaver Creek (a branch of Barren), JSTolen River
(a branch, I believe, of Salt River), all in Kentucky ; and in
Tennessee, the Cumberland River, Cany fork of Cumberland,
Collins River, Rock River, Defeated Creek, Battle Creek,
Chattanooga Creek, Holston, French Broad, Tennessee River,
Mine-lick Creek, and Sequatchee River; while in Georgia,
the Ochmulgee, Chattahoochie, Etowah, Coosa, Oostanulla,
Connesauga, Sumac Creek, and Rock Creek, were examined, —
and in all these States, hundreds of smaller streams, of every
grade, tributary to those I have mentioned.

My means of carriage being limited, but little time was
devoted to any one stream, as a few minutes only sufficed to
gather two hundred specimens of each species. Generally
not more than three species were found in these small
streams at any one point, and to gather four or five hundred
specimens, twenty minutes was ample time. Every stone in
these streams, every piece of floating wood, and, where both
were absent, even the muddy bottom, was covered by Melanias,
and I only had to strip them off with my hands, and select

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

the full grown ones. In Cany fork, I collected twelve hundred
specimens of Melania pernodosa, Lea., one hundred of M. alveare
Conrad, one hundred M. robulina Anthony, and some three or
four hundred of mixed species, in about one hour's search. I
found the specimens everywhere very much coated, generally
with ferruginous matter; but on one occasion, I found every
specimen in a small run, enveloped with a thick deposit of
calcareous matter, so that they looked like slender hazel nuts —
the deposit being probably three or four times the weight of the
nucleus, the inclosed Melania. Not a particle of the shell was
visible, yet the animal within was alive, and apparently as well
circumstanced as a Melania ought to be. I found but few
Anculosce. Out of the Tennessee, Cumberland, Cany fork, Se-
quatchee, Holston, and other large streams visited, a few were
taken. They were particularly abundant in the Green Eiver
and the Sequatchee, two rapid, noisy, rocky streams, favorable
to that genus, which cannot bear a sluggish, muddy river at all.
I never found Anculosoe, even when abundant, save in the
most rapid current of a stream, where they cling to the stones
or rocks, generally in quite deep water. They cling to
these stones with no ordinary tenacity, and it requires some
exertion often to dislodge them. As one might suppose, their
peculiar fondness for the most rapid parts of the most rapid
rivers is not favorable to perfection of specimens ; and hence,
in this genus, the erosion of the apex forms, in most cases, a
conspicuous character. The lo seems to be closely allied to
the Anculosa in this respect, and inhabits deeper water. Geese
are said to devour the Melanice in great quantities, and often
to suffer from the abundance of such a diet.

Should his life and strength be continued, the author hopes,
in due season, to furnish a complete monograph of the Me-
lanidae of the United States, in which an attempt will be
made to establish the true species, to rectify the nomenclature
of those regarded as erroneous, and to perfect such previous
descriptions as were founded on insufficient material.

'I*

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.
l. jflelania athleta.

Plate II. Fig. 1.

T. conica, s&ibglabra, fuscocornea, juxta suturas pallidiore; spira
elevata; anfractibus 10, subplanis, obscure plicatis, jSlicis deorsum obso-
lescentibus ; suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, intus albido-nibescente ;
columella incurva, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell conical, nearly smooth, dark horn color; spire much
elevated; whorls 10, nearly flat, with faint longitudinal ribs,
most distinct on the upper part of the whorls ; sutures well
marked ; aperture small, ovate, within whitish, tinged near the
base with rose ; columella rounded, and forming a slight sinus
at base.

Length 1.25 inches (32 millimetres). Diam. 0.40 inch (10
millim.).

Length of aperture 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.23 inch (6 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.

My cabinet. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., 1ST. Y. B. W. Budd.

Obs. — A stout species, and one of the most beautiful with
which I am acquainted. The ribs are not strongly expressed,
and on the lower whorls are nearly obsolete, having there the
appearance of strise of growth merely. Body whorl a little
angulated at base.

2. Helania Tiridula.

Plate II. Fig. 2.
T. conica, glabra, subcrassa, prasina ; spira elevata ; anfr. subconvexis ;

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, parva, intus albida ; labro sinuato
columella incurvti, in sinum profundum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, rather thick ; olive green ; spire much
elevated ; whorls 8-9, slightly convex ; sutures impressed ;
aperture elliptical, small, within whitish, outer lip much waved
or auger shaped, extending forward at base, and forming a
broad sinus in that region.

Length 1 inch (26 millim.). Diam. 0.35 inch (9 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.32 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.

My cabinet. Cab. K Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. B. W. Budd, M. D.

Obs. — Somewhat like J/. Saffordi Lea, but is clearly distin-
guishable by its more elongated form, its greater number
of whorls, and size and color of aperture. Differs from H.
regularis Lea by its less number of whorls, and their convexity,
as well as by its peculiar green color.

3. Melania hastata.

Plate IL Fig. 3.

T. conica, glabra, subcrassa, nigro-castanea ; spira elevata ; anfr. 8-9,
vix convexis, striis spiralibus exilibus raris cinctis, ultimo vix angulato ;
linea flava prope basim obscure cincto ; suturis leviter impressis, albo-
lineatis ; apertura parva, elongato-ovata, intus purpurea ; labro sinuato ;
columella torta, incurva, purpurea, in sinum latum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, rather solid, dark chestnut ; spire rather
obtusely elevated ; whorls 8-9 in number, slighitly convex, with
occasional delicate spiral striae, the upper ones subcarinate ;
body whorl subcarinate, with a narrow yellowish band beneath
the angle ; sutures moderately impressed, yellowish ; aperture

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

small, pyriform, purple within ; columella and outer lip much
twisted together, forming a broad, rather deep, reflexed sinus
at base.

Length 0.90 inch (23 millim.). Diam. 0.30 inch (7£ millim.).

Length of aperture 0.30 inch (7-J- millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A fine symmetrical species, which seems to have no
affinities so close as to be easily confounded with any other.
Its^most prominent characters, perhaps, are the nearly uniform
diameter of the two or three lower whorls, while above these
the spire curves more rapidly to the rather acute apex, and the
dark purple aperture. These two points will readily serve to
distinguish it.

4. Melania iota.

Plate II. Fig. 4.

T. conica, glabra, corneo-virente ; spira acuta, elevata; anfr. 10, supe-
rioribus carinatis, inferioribus convexis ; suturis impresses ; apertura
elongato-ovata, intus albida ; columella rosea, incurva, in sinuin angus-
tum produ'cta.

Shell conical, smooth, greenish horn-colored ; spire acutely
elevated ; whorls about 10, lower ones convex, upper whorls
with a strong carina below the middle ; sutures impressed ;
aperture pyriform, small, within whitish ; columella but little
rounded, not indented, sinus very small.

Length 0.78 inch (20 millim.). Diam. 0.25 (6 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.26 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Habitat. .

My cabinet. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y.

Obs. — A beautiful, slender, graceful species, in form not
unlike J/. percarinata Con. and perangulata Con., but differs
from both in coloring, in the want of a crenulated or beaded
line on the volutions, and in other respects. The upper whorls
are often obscurely folded down to the carina on each, where
they are arrested ; below the carina the whorls shelve towards
the suture, which thus becomes situated in a deep furrow.
It cannot be confounded with M. elevata Say, which has flat
whorls, a dark epidermis, and a totally different aperture.
The columella of the present species is faintly tinged with
purple. I am not quite sure as to the habitat of this species? but
think it an Ohio shell.

5. jflelania al tip eta.

Plate II. Fig. 5, a, b.

T. conica, glabra, subcrassa, cornea; spira elevata; anfr. 10, con-
vexis, superioribus carinatis, vel modo striatis, ultimo 1-2-fasciato ;
suturis distincte impressis ; apertura parva, ovata, intus fasciata ; colu-
mella incurva, in sinum effusum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, horn-colored, thick; spire elevated;
whorls about 10, small, convex, the upper ones carinate, or
only striate ; sutures distinctly impressed ; aperture small,
elliptical, banded within; a small but distinct sinus, with an
acute termination at base.

Length 0.62 inch (16 millim.). Diam. 0.24 inch (6 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.21 inch (5 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.10 inch (2J millim.).

Habitat. — Racoon Creek, Vinton county, Ohio.
My cabinet.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Obs. — A very graceful, rather slender species, with somewhat
of a club-shaped form by its bulbous body whorl. Two speci-
mens only are before me ; one has a narrow band at the base
of the body whorl, the other has an additional band on the
penultimate, faintly indicated also on the upper whorls of the
spire.

It may be compared with M. conica Say, but is much more
elevated, the whorls are more narrow and crowded, as well as
more numerous than in that species, and the aperture mucli
smaller, being only about one- fourth the length of the shell.

From M. neglecta it differs by its more slender form, smaller
and more condensed whorls, and by its entirely different aper-
ture. The apicial whorls seem to be slightly folded.

6. Melania latitans.

i /

Plate II. Fig. 6.

T. conica, tenui, fulvo-virente ; spira elevata ; anfr. 8-9, convexis, vel
subangulatis, transverse rude striatis, striis spiralibus impressis, inferne
obsoletioribus, fasciisque obscuris cinctis ; apertura rotundo-ovata, intus
rubescente et purpureo fasciata ; labro sinuoso ; columella incurva, pur-
purea, in sinum latum producta.

Shell conical, obscurely striate, greenish brown, rather thin ;
spire elevated ; whorls 8-9, convex or subangulated, with three
or four obscure transverse striae above the angle, which become
obsolete below it, and one or two brown bands at and above the
middle of each turn ; sutures distinct ; lines of growth coarse,
amounting almost to ribs on the lower whorls; aperture not
large, sub-rotund or very broad ovate, reddish within, and
banded ; columella very much curved and twisted, with a small
sinus at base.

Length 1 inch (26 millim.). Diam. 0.39 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.34 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.21 inch (5 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Habitat. — Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.
My cabinet.

Obs. — Bears no very strong resemblance to any known
species ; but is perhaps more nearly allied to M. rufa Lea and
M. teres Lea in its elevated spire and convex whorls. It wants,
however, the smooth whorls of the former, its dark red color,
and elliptical aperture. From the latter it may be distinguished
by its striated whorls, its less slender proportions, the absence
of folds, its obscure bands, and white aperture. This species is
unusually interesting, from the fact that it is the first species in
Conchology known to have been procured from the subterra-
nean river flowing through the Mammoth Cave.

1. ITIelaiiia yittata.

Plate II. Fig. 7.

T. conica, subglabra, fusco-vi rente; spira elevata ; anfr. 9, planis,
lineis duabus fuscis ornatis, quarurn inferior in angulum prope suturam
revolvit, lineis in anfr. suprerais obsoletis, in ultimo 4 vel 5 conspicuis ;
suturis valde impressis ; apertura ovata, intus albida, fusco quadriline-
ata; columella incurva, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell conic, nearly smooth ; spire elevated ; whorls about 9,
flat, with two fine, distant, brown lines on each, the lower one
revolving upon an angle near the suture ; lines obsolete on the
extreme upper whorls, and increased to four or five on the body
whorl, visible also within the aperture; sutures deeply im-
pressed; aperture ovate, within whitish, but exhibiting also
the brown lines of the epidermis ; columella curved, sinus incon-
spicuous.

Length 0.86 inch (22 millim.). Diam. 0.32 inch (8 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.33 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cabinet. Cab. Ljc. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M. D.

Obs, — May be compared with M. Taitana Lea, but may be
distinguished by its flat, subangulated whorls. It also exhibits
somewhat coarse striae (amounting nearly, .if not quite, to ribs
in some specimens) upon all the whorls, even the body whorl
is no exception. The sutures are, also deeply impressed, the
contiguous whorls shelving towards each other to form quite a
furrow there. Upper whorls car in ate.

It is a very beautiful species, the distinct, reddish brown,
hair-like bands contrasting finely with the yellowish brown
color of the general shell.

8. IVIelania nigrocincta.

Plate II. Fig. 8.

T. conica, glabrat tenui, fusca ; spira modice elevata : anfr. 6, supe-
rioribus bifacciatis et supra suturam subangulatis, ultimo convexo, nigro-
4-fasciata ; suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, intus fasciata ; columella
lineari, parum incurva, purpurea, in sinura parvurn producta.

Shell conical, smooth, not much or acutely elevated ; thin,
brown, whorls about 6, sub-convex, often slightly angulated
near the suture below : sutures impressed ; body whorl not
large, a little angulated, ornamented with four very dark bands,
the upper and lower of which are distant, and the central ones
approximate or confluent: aperture somewhat large, elliptical,
banded within ; columella regularly, but not remarkably curved
or indented, with a small sinus.

Length 0.58 inch (15 millim.). Diam. 0.27 inch (7 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.27 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Habitat. — Tennessee.

My cabinet. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist, K Y. B. "W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — A rather small species, which, when once seen, will
readily be recognised afterwards. Compares with AT. suban-
gulata nobis ; it is less robust, more acute, and the bands are
of a totally different character ; the texture is quite thin, and
the dark bands are distinctly seen in the aperture, through the
substance of the shell. It has somewhat of the club-shaped
form of that group of shells of which H. clavceformis Lea and
M. castanea Lea, are members, but is more angular, and its
dark bands and thin texture are prominent differences.

9. Ulelania subangulata.

Plate II. Fig. 9.

Testa conica, glabra, subcrassa, fusco-virente ; spira obtuse elevata ;
anfr. 6, convexis, superioribus bifasciatis, infra sub-angulatis, ultimo
6-fasciato, fasciis mediis saepe confluentibus ; suturis valde impressis;
apertura oblongo-ovata, intus rubente, fasciata ; columella incurva, pur-
purascente sinum vix formante.

Shell conical, smooth, rather thick ; spire obtusely elevated ;
whorls about 6, convex, sub-angulated below the middle, brown
banded ; sutures deeply impressed, and situated in a deep fur-
row formed by the inclination of two whorls towards each other
at that part; lower band below the angulation, upper one mid-
way between it and the suture above ; body less angulated,
with about six reddish-brown bands, the upper and lower of
which are distinct and distant, the central ones confluent, more
distinct in the interior ; aperture small, long-ovate, within red-
dish and banded; columella regularly curved, purplish, no
sinus at base.

Length 0.62 inch (17 millim.). Diam. 0.30 inch (74 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Length of aperture 0.30 inch (7i millim.).
Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — Somewhat allied to M. rufescens Lea, in general form,
but that species has regularly convex whorls and no bands,
and has at least two more whorls. The number of whorls
in this species cannot, however, with certainty be determined,
since in all my specimens, seventy or eighty in number, every
one is decollate, but the form does not indicate the loss of more
than two whorls at most, and only four are present. M. TV-
fescens is described as having eight. A few of the specimens
are irregularly and strongly striate on the body whorl.

10. Melania bruimca.

Plate II. Fig. 10.

T. conico-ovata, glabra, tenui, fusco-virente ; spira obtuse elevata ;
anfr. 6, superioribus, subplanis, ultimo convexo, interdum trifasciato ;
suturis impressis ; apertura magna. ovata, intiis albido-rubescente ;
columella incurva, sinum vix forraante.

Shell elongate-ovate, smooth, thin, brown; spire obtusely
elevated ; whorls six, nearly flat ; body whorl convex, some-
times three-banded ; sutures irregularly but decidedly im-
pressed ; aperture large, broad-elliptical, within whitish, or
tinted with reddish ; columella somewhat indented below the
middle, and forming a very small sinus at base.

Length 0.76 inch (20 millim.). Diam. 0.32 inch (8 millim.)

Length of aperture 0.37 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.23 inch (6 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W..Budd, M.D.

Descriptions of New Flaviatile Shells.

Obs. — A smooth, fine species, with no very prominent cha-
racters. May be compared with M. perfused Lea, but is less
cylindrical, and much less ponderous ; the whorls are also more
convex, and the sutures more distinctly impressed ; it is alto-
gether a broader and thinner shell. Some specimens are finely
banded, the lower band being often concealed partially by the
revolutions of the succeeding whorl. The body whorl has
three bands in the variety, and these also appear within the
aperture. All the specimens before me, some fifty in number,
are more or less decollate, and only two or three are banded.

11. Melania Tirens.

Plate II. Fig. 11.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, subcrassa, virente ; spir& obtuse elevata, de-
collata ; anfr. superstitibus 5, convexis, ultimo amplo ; suturis valde
impressis ; apertura ovata, magna, albido-coerulescente ; columella in-
curva, subreflexa, in sinum inconspicuum producta.

Shell ovate-conic, smooth, rather thick, spire rather obtusely
elevated, with a somewhat convex outline, and with sutures
decidedly impressed ; color light uniform green, paler towards
the summit: whorls, five only remaining, and indications of
one lost by truncation, convex ; aperture rather large, ellipti-
cal, bluish within ; columella well rounded, not perceptibly in-
dented, and with a small recurved sinus at base.

Length 0.87 inch (22 millim.). Diam. 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.42 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.21 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A broad species with an outline and proportions not

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

unlike a Paludina, to which genus its pale uniform green color
also seems to ally it. I am not sure that it should not be re-
ferred to that genus. It cannot be compared with any known
species.

12. Melania ampla.

Plate II. Fig. 12.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, tenui, fulvo-virente ; spira obtuse elevata ;
anfr. 5-0, subconvexis, superioribus viridi unifasciatis, ultimo amplo,
convexo, viridi 4-fasciato ^ suturis irregulariter profunde impressis ;
apertura rnagna, ovata, intiis rubescente, purpureo-fasciata ; columella
par urn incurva, subfoveata, inferne subeffusa.

Shell ovate-conic, smooth, thin ; spire obtusely elevated ;
whorls 5-6; sub-convex; body whorl ample, surrounded with
four dark greenish bands ; sutures irregularly and deeply im-
pressed ; aperture large, ovate, within roseate and banded ;
columella rounded, slightly indented, and a little effuse at base.

Length 1.25 inch (32 millim.). Diam. 0.58 inch (15 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.58 inch (15 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.30 inch (8 millim.)

Habitat. — Alabama.

/

My cabinet.

Obs. — Compared with M. olivula Con., it is a larger, much less
solid species, the epidermis is thinner, less polished, and has
not the finely contrasting colors which render H. olivula so
lively and pleasing ; differs from M. fuliginosa Lea in being far
less ponderous, with fewer and less distinct bands, by the dis-
tinct angle passing round the shell near the top of the mouth,
and by its capacious aperture ; which two last points apply
with equal force to " olivula" Although in some points, and
particularly in its ample mouth, it resembles M.florentina Lea,

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

it has not the shouldered whorls and tubercular armature which
distinguish that beautiful species.

The bands within the aperture do not reach its outer edge,
but a broad, plain area is left between.

13. IHelania ambus! a.

Plate II. Fig. 13.

T. ovata, glabra, subtenui, castanea ; spira obtuse elevata, anfr. 6
subconvexis, ultimo magno, substriato; suturis iinpressis; apertura
magna, elongato-ovata, intus rubescente ; columella subfoveata, sinurn
vix forrnante.

Shell ovate, rather thin ; smooth, chocolate-colored ; spire
obtusely elevated ; whorls about 6, sub-convex ; body whorl .
large, substriate ; sutures moderately impressed ; aperture large,
narrow ovate, reddish within ; columella indented, with a
broad, not very remarkable sinus at base.

Length 1 inch (26 millim.). Diam. 0.48 inch (12 inillim.).

Length of aperture 0.48 inch (12 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.23 inch (6 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist,, K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — In form not unlike J/i olivula Con., but its very pecu-
liar plain, dark, chocolate-colored epidermis and sombre interior
will at once distinguish it from all other species. A few irre-
gular stria? are visible on the body whorl, and a very obscure
narrow band may be observed near the sutures ; in all of the
three specimens before me the columella is slightly reflected
over a narrow umbilical opening near the base, which appears
almost disconnected from the outer lip as in Achatina. The
burnt appearance of the shell has suggested its specific name. '

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.
14. JTIelaiiia araclmoidea.

Plate II. Fig. 14.

T. conica, tenui, fusco-cornea ; spira gracili, elevata ; anfr. 12, plicis
transversis et liris spiralibus decussatis, lira central! in carinam elevata,
subter quam plicse evanescunt; suturis valde impressis; apertura parva,
ovata, intiis purpurascente ; coluinella incurva, in sinum angustum
producta.

Shell conic, rather thin, horn-colored; spire slender and
much elevated ; whorls 12, very strongly striated and ribbed,
particularly the upper ones ; the ribs extend only to a promi-
nent, acute carina on each whorl, situated below the middle,
between which and the suture below, one or two coarse striae
alone are visible ; sutures deeply impressed ; aperture very
small, ovate, purplish within ; columella regularly curved,
without indentation, and with but a small, very narrow sinus
at base.

Length 1 inch (26 millim.). Diam. 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.22 inch (oi millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — A small stream emptying into the Tennessee river,
near Loudon, Tennessee.

Cab. Lye. Fat. Hist., K Y. J. GL Anthony. B. W. Budd.

Obs. — This is one of the slenderest and most elevated of the
genus ; more than forty specimens are before me, and they are
very constant in all their characters ; it comes nearest to M.
striatula Lea by its folds and striae, but should not be confounded
with it, being different in every other particular ; the number
of whorls is greater by one half, the striatula having only eight ;
its proportions are altogether more slender, the striatula stand-
ing as 21 to 49, while this is 28 to 100. The present species is
also much more folded and rough • than the striatula^ which is

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

essentially a striate shell. Upon the older specimens the folds
are nearly obsolete on the two lower whorls, being there coarsely
striate only. About twelve striae on the body whorl and six on
the penultimate ; more elevated in the centre, which renders
these whorls sub-angulated ; lines of growth strong, by reason
of which the two last whorls have quite a varicose appear-
ance.

15. Ulelauia eliminata.

, /

Plate II. Fig. 15.

T. elongato-conica, tenui, castanea ; spira gracili, elevata ; anfr. 8,
convexis transverse plicatis et spiraliter striatis, plicis striisque in anfr.
inferioribus evanescentibus : suturis impressis ; apertura parva, ovatar
purpurascente ; labro sinuoso; columella incurva, in sinum angustum
producta.

Shell conic, thin, brownish ; spire slender, elevated ; whorls-
about 8, convex, with transverse folds and spiral striae, both
of which, however, disappear towards the lower portion of each
whorl, and are hardly visible on the last whorl ; sutures deeply
impressed ; aperture small, ovate, within translucent, exhibiting
the exterior coloring through its substance ; columella but little
rounded except near its base, where with the much curved lip-
it forms a sharp, narrow sinus.

Length 0.80 inch (21 millim.). Diam. 0.24 inch (6 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.26 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Kentucky, near Owenboro'.
My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat Hist., N. Y.

Qls. — This is a very slender and elevated species, resembling
in this respect M. comma Con., from which it differs very ma-
terially by the character of its folds and striae, which are more
decided, being nearly as prominent, though less distant, than

MARCH, 1854. 2 ANN. jLyc. NAT. BIST., VOL. VI.

Descriptions of New FluviatiU Shells.

in M. Curryana Lea; the striae revolve round the whorls and
over the ribs without being interrupted by them ; differs from
M. Edgariana Lea, by its brown color, more slender form, less
convex whorls, and thinner texture ; it is more slender than
M. decora or costulata, and less acute, the whorls tapering more
gradually to the apex ; on the upper whorls there are about
five striae, the lowest of which is much more elevated than the
others, and the folds are arrested by it near the suture. The
penultimate whorl is often sub-angulated at its base.

16. Melania baciilum.

Plate II. Fig. 16.

T. elongato-conica, crassa, fulvo-castanea ; spira perelevata, decollata ;
anfr. superst. 8, subplanis, plicis trans versis striisque spiralibus decussatis,
quae in anfr. inferioribus obsolescunt ; suturis impressis, flavescentibus ;
apertura ovata, intus purpurascente ; columella incurva, foveata, in sinum
tenuem producta.

Shell conical, thick; of a dull, reddish-brown color, with a
lighter shade near the upper part of each whorl. Spire much
elevated, not diminishing rapidly as it ascends, and with nearly
a rectilinear outline ; whorls 8 remaining, and with an appear-
ance of having lost several by truncation ; hardly convex and
with a deeply impressed suture ; aperture small, broadly ovate,
light red within; columella rounded, indented, with a small
sinus.

Length 1.28 inch (33 millim.). Diam. 0.48 inch (12 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.35 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — The most striking characteristic of this species is its

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

robust cylindrical form, combined with its pale sutural region ;
compared with J/ teres Lea, it is much less slender and turret-
ed, much more plicate, and the whorls are less inflated. M.
rufa is not folded, and is a more acutely elevated species. The
curve in the columella resembles that of M. columella Lea, but
that shell is much less elongated, has only six whorls, and is
destitute of distinct folds.

17. II el a ilia incrassata.

Plate II. Fig. 17.

T. conica, glabra, crassa ; spira elevata ; anfr. 8-9, perconvexis, vix
biangulatis, ultimo spiraliter striato, in medio constricto ; suturis valde
impressis ; apertura ovata, intus rubescente ; columella reflexa, in sinum.
profundum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, thick; spire elevated; whorls 8-9,
very convex, somewhat bi-angulated ; sutures deeply impressed;
body whorl striated, with a constriction about the middle, which
also extends to the penultimate whorl ; aperture ovate, within
reddish ; columella not indented, reflected, sinus deep.

Length 1.12 inch (29 millim.). Diam. 0.45 inch (12 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.37 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.18 inch (4i millim.).

Habitat. .

My cabinet.

Obs. — Only one specimen has come under my notice, which,
however, is so unlike any other that I cannot hesitate to con-
sider it new.

It is a thick, ponderous species, with narrow, convex or bi-
angulated whorls, faintly banded on the angulations.

2*

Descriptions of New Fluviatik Shells.
18. Melania excavata.

Plate II. Fig. 18.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, crassa, castanea ; spira obtuse elevata, decol-
lata ; anfr. superst. 3-4, planis vel subconcavis, ultimo in medio suban-
gulato, supra angulum subexcavato, striis incrementi rudibus ; suturis
distinctis; apertura ovata, sursum subcanaliculata, intus rubescente;
columella incurva, reflexa, sinum non formante.

Shell ovate-conic, smooth, olivaceous, thick; spire obtusely
elevated, decollate ; whorls 3-4, remaining flat or concave ;
sutures distinct ; penultimate and body whorl with a broad,
deep, concave excavation, their edges being elevated into an
obtuse carina, tipped with a lighter color ; lines of growth very
strong; aperture not large, ovate, reddish within; columella
regularly curved, thickened by a deposit of calcareous matter,
purplish and white, indented near its base, without any sinus.

Length (of an eroded example) 0.84 inch (21 millim.).

Diam. ( do. do. ) 0.44 inch (11 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.22 inch (5J millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

. — An unadorned species of a dull olive color, not easily
confounded with any of its congeners. Differs from M. fusi-
formis Lea by its broad, more elevated spire, its purple mouth,
unadorned with bands, but above all, by the peculiar excava-
tion on the lower whorls, which is so peculiar as to distinguish
this species from all others.

19. Ulelaiiia casta.

Plate II. Fig. 19.
T. conica, plerumque glabra, crassa ; spira obtuse elevata ; anfr. 6-7,

Descriptions of New Fluviatik Shells.

subplanis, ultimo subangulato superne glabro, inferne liris quinis exilibus
cincto ; suturis impressis ; apertura elongato-ovata, intus albida, sub-
margaritacea ; columella subreeta, in sinum modicum producta.

Shell conical, nearly smooth, thick ; spire obtusely elevated ;
whorls 6-7, nearly flat ; sutures well impressed ; upper whorls
smooth, or only modified by the lines of growth, which are
coarse and distinct; body whorl with five prominent striae
below the middle, of which the lower three also revolve within
the aperture, on the columella ; aperture small, elliptical, within
whitish, subnacreous ; columella not indented, sinus small.

Length 0.75 inch (19 millim.). Diam. 0.30 inch (8 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.33 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. . 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A singularly pale, greenish-white species, the distin-
guishing marks of which are, its regular, subcylindric form, and
the smooth spire, combined with the prominent striae at the base
of the shell. These are characters which I do not recognise on
any other species so combined. There is also a distinct carina
on the penultimate whorl, near the top of the aperture, above
which may be observed a faint interrupted line.

20. jflelania textilosa,

Plate IL Fig. 20.

T. conica, crassa, straminea ; spira parum elevata ; anfr. 7-8, obscure
liratis et subnodosis, superioribus subplanis, ultimo subconvexo, infra
medium glabro ; suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, roseo-albida ; colu-
mella incurva, reflexa, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell conical, thick ; color uniform, pale greenish yellow ;
spire not acutely elevated ; whorls 7-8, nearly flat, obscurely
striate and sub-nodulous ; body whorl coarsely, but not thickly

Desertions of New Fluviatile Shells.

striate on its upper half; sutures impressed ; aperture rather
large, ovate, whitish, inclining to roseate.

Length 0.88 inch (23 millim.). Diam. 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.39 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Georgia .
My cabinet.

Obs. — In form, like M. Duttoniana Lea, but without any of
the ornamental decorations of that species. The nodules are not
so distinct, appearing more like interrupted folds. The striae
on the body whorl are not uniformly distributed, but about the
middle there is a plain surface or ground, which becomes more
decidedly a furrow on the penultimate whorl.

21. JVEelania curvilabris.

Plate III. Fig. 1, a, b.

T. conica, subcrassa, corneo-virente ; spira elevata; anfr. 7-8, convexis,
subangulatis, ultimo utrinque angulato, in medio late constricto ; suturis
irregulariter valde impressis ; apertura irregulari, intus albida ; labro
profunde retrorsum sinuate; columella valde incurva, subfoveata, in
sinum profundum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, rather thick, greenish horn-color ; spire
elevated ; whorls 7-8, convex or subangulated ; body whorl
angulated, with a depression broad but not deep; sutures
deeply and irregularly impressed ; aperture very irregular, by
the twisted columella and the sinuous curving of the outer lip,
within whitish ; outer lip deeply and singularly curved, so as
to give this part of the shell almost a pleurotomose character ;
columella very much curved and indented, leaving a small
umbilical indentation, and having a distinct sinus at base.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Length 0.72 inch (19 millim.). Diam. 0.30 inch (8 millim.).
Length of aperture 0.25 inch (6 millim.).
Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.

My cabinet. Cab. Coleman Sellers, Cincinnati, 0.

Obs. — May be compared with M. elegantula in general form,
but its peculiarly curved outer lif will at once distinguish it
from all others.

22. Ulelaiua elegaiitula.

Plate III. Fig. 2.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, viridula ; spira brevi ; anfr. 5-6, humerosis,
superioribus supra suturam nigro-unifaseiatis, ultimo subcylindrico,
fasciis fuscis 2 vel 3 cincto ; suturis inconspicuis ; apertura elongate-
ovata, intus fasciata ; labro subsinuato ; columella incurva, in sinum
tenuem producta.

Shell obtusely conical, smooth ; whorls 5-6, irregularly shoul-
dered and angulated ; body whorl dark olive-green color, with
two or three darker bands, which are visible also within the
aperture ; upper whorls of a very light green color, with one
light brown sub-central band, and another so near the upper
part of the whorl as to be almost concealed by the suture;
sutures rather obscure ; aperture rather large, irregularly ovate ;
columella much indented near its base, outer lip sinuous.

Length 0.60 inch (15 millim.). Diam. 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Hdbita t. — Kentucky.

My cabinet. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist, K Y. B. W. Budd, M. D.

Obs. — A singularly ornamented species, of which only two

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

specimens are before me, and which cannot be compared with
any described species. The apex is eroded in the specimens
under observation, and only five whorls are visible, but it
evidently has one more when perfect. The whorls form a
shelving shoulder from the suture, and are then nearly flat,
the body whorl being, perhaps, slightly concave. Altogether
it presents a remarkable and beautiful appearance, and no one
need be at a loss to recognise it after once having seen a speci-
men. Three bands are visible in the interior.

23. Ulelaiiia pupoidea*

Plate III. Fig. 3.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, crassa, stramineo-virente ; spira obtuse elevata ;
anfr. 7, subconvexis, gradatis, superioribus fusco-unifasciatis ; ultimo 4-
lineato; suturis valde impresses; apertura elongato-ovata, intus albida,
fasciata; labro sinuoso, columella rotundata, in sinum tenuem pro-
ducta.

Shell ovate-conic, smooth, rather thick ; spire obtusely ele-
vated, with a decidedly convex outline, and a well impressed
suture ; whorls 7, convex, nearly entire at the apex ; color pale
green, with one linear band revolving on the spire, and four
broader and more distinct bands on the body whorl ; aperture
small, narrow-ovate, diaphanous, with four distinct brown
bands within ; columella rounded, not indented ; outer lip
curved and extended forward ; sinus small.

Length 0.87 inch (22 millim.). Diam. 0.35 inch (9 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.38 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

•

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

~This belongs to that group of which M. olivula Conrad

Descriptions of Xew Fluviatile Shells.

may be considered the type. From that shell it differs, how-
ever, in being more elongate, and less ornamented with bands,
as well as by its paler and less varnished epidermis. Compared
with 2f. proteus Lea it is even more elongate and less acute :
the aperture is entirely different, and it wants the tuberculous
shoulder which distinguishes that species. Its resemblance to
the pupae of some of the insect tribes has suggested its charac-
teristic specific name.

24. Jlelaiiia tecta.

Plate III. Fig. 4.

T. conica, tenui, nigro-fusca ; spira elevata ; anfr. 7-8, planis, supra
suturas carinatis ; suturis valde impressis ; apertura ovata, intus pur-
purascente et obscure fasciata ; columella incurva, in sinum tenuem
producta.

Shell conical, thin, brown ; spire elevated ; whorls 7-8, flat,
with a distinct, but not elevated carina on each at its lower
edge, near the suture ; sutures very deeply impressed ; aper-
ture oval, within reddish and lightly banded ; columella curved,
sinus small.

Length 0.60 inch (15 millim.) Diam. 0.26 inch (6£ millim.).

Length of aperture 0.23 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.14 inch (3i millim.).

Habitat— Ohio.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — May be compared with Jf. pulchella Anth., but is
readily distinguishable by its more slender proportions, thinner
texture, lighter color, and above all by its peculiarly shaped
whorls, which, increasing regularly, and being carinate at their
bases, have somewhat the appearance of the roof of a house,
hence its name. Lines of growth distinct ; one or two indis-

Descriptions of New Flumatile Shells.

tinct, narrow bands are often visible on the shell ; a very neat
and graceful species.

25. Jflelania imbricata.

Plate III. Fig. 6.

T. conica, glabra, subcrassa, cornea ; spira elevata ; anfr. 8-9, supe-
rioribus planis, utrinque angulatis, ultimo subconvexo, indistincte bi-
angulato ; suturis valde impressis ; apertura elongato-ovata, intus albida,
columella incurva, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell conical, nearly smooth, rather thick, light horn-colored ;
srjire elevated, but not acutely so ; whorls 8-9, flat ; lines of
growth distinct, having almost the appearance of ribs; two
lines, distant, slightly visible, surround each whorl, and from
these the whorls incline towards each other to form a broad
groove between them ; sutures well impressed ; aperture, small,
narrow ovate, within whitish ; columella much indented and
curved, forming a slight sinus at base.

Length 0.88 inch (23 millim.). Diam. 0.30 inch (8 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.33 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.21 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — A fine symmetrical shell, some of its varieties ap-
proaching M. sordida Lea in form, but differing in every other
respect. The whorls enlarge regularly, and the lower raised
line on the whorls being consequently more prominent, the
spire has somewhat an imbricated appearance, giving rise to its
specific name. The specimens before me, twelve in number,
are all decollate.

The upper whorls are often rather prominently ribbed, and
the concentric lines thereby rendered crenulous.

Descriptions of New Fluviatik Shells.
26. Helania pagodiformis.

Plate III. Fig. 6.

T. conica, tenui, fusca ; spira obtuse elevata ; anfr. 7-8, carina ele-
vata, acuta, supra suturam cinctis, ultimo carinis duabus instructo ; sutu-
ris valde impressis ; apertura ovata, infra subangulata, intus albida ;
columella incurva, in sinum tenuem angustura producta.

Shell conical, thin, brownish-olive ; spire obtusely elevated ;
whorls 7-8, smooth ; the upper ones are surrounded by a sharp
elevated keel just above tfre suture ; the body whorl is angu-
lated in the middle by two keels, of which the upper is the
more prominent; sutures deeply impressed; aperture ovate,
ending in an acute angle below, whitish within ; columella
rounded, produced into a narrow but slight sinus.

Length 0.50 inch (13 millim.). Diam. 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.26 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.14 inch (3J- millim.).

Habitat. — Battle creek, Tennessee.
My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y.

Obs. — Bears some resemblance to M. acuto-carinata Lea, but
differs from it in many particulars. It is of a much lighter
color, has the carina on every whorl, the body whorl not ex-
cepted, its columella is not remarkably indented as in that
species, and it is altogether a thinner and broader shell. The
aperture is generally uncolored, but some specimens present a
faint tinge of violet there.

27. jflelaiiia exiiiiia.

Plate III. Fig. 7.
Testa conico-ovata, lirata, corneo-virente ; spira parum elevata ; anfr.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

8-9 ; superioribus carina ucuta angulatis et fascia nigra cinctis, ultimo
liris 4 et fasciis duabus cincto ; suturis inconspicuis ; apertura elongato-
ovata, intus cornea, bifasciata ; labro valde sinuoso; columella recta, in
sinum profundum producta.

Shell deeply sulcate and carinate, ovate ; of a beautiful light
apple-green color, ornamented with two dark-green bands, and
an elevated, prominent carina of a light color revolving be-
tween them ; spire not remarkably elevated, but acute, of a
rather convex outline; whorls 8-9, somewhat convex, and
with sutures not prominent, but channelled ; body whorl with
about four caringe, the lowest one being indistinct ; aperture
small, sub-rhomboidal, with two bands in the interior, distant
from each other and from the edge of the outer lip ; outer lip
much twisted, auger-like, causing the sinus, which is small, to
curve backwards.

Length 0.60 inch (15 millim.). Diam. 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.13 inch (3 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A beautiful little shell, of a singularly bright, lively
appearance ; the colors are well contrasted, very distinct, and
the prominent carinae add to the general effect. On the upper
whorls, but one band is visible, the lower one being concealed,
or nearly so, by the revolutions of the spire. It cannot well
be compared with any other species.

28. Melania cristata.

Plate JII. Fig. 8.

T. rhomboidea, carinata, subcrassa, cornea, obscure fasciata; spira
brevi ; anfr. 5, superioribus subplanis, ultimo superne humeroso et in

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

medio elevate carinato ; costa tenui sub carinara revolvente ; apertura
rhomboidea, intus carina externa canaliculata, fusco-lineata; columella
recta, in sinum acutum producta.

Shell carinate on the body whorl, rhomboidal; thin, horn-
colored ; upper whorls not carinate, but somewhat shouldered ;
whorls 5, flat, slightly concave, rapidly diminishing to the apex ;
sutures not remarkable ; body whorl with a strong, well deve-
loped carina extending from the upper part of the aperture,
and revolving round so as to be at its centre when it reaches
the mouth again. The carina, and a smaller one below it, are
indicated in the interior by a grooved channel with a dark band
running through it. Aperture rhomboidal, banded within.
Columella straight, with an acute sinus at base.

Length 0.50 inch (13 millim.). Diam. 0.34 inch (9 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.30 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

Obs. — Only one specimen of this remarkable species has
come under my notice, but it is so widely different from all
others that no one can for a moment doubt its distinctive
character. The upper whorls are obscurely banded near the
suture.

29. 3Ielania proscissa.

Plate in. Fig. 9.

T. rotundo-ovata, subcrassa, fusca ; spira brevi ; anfr. 5 ? convexis,
superioribus bicarinatis, ultimo carinis acutis 4 vel 5 cincto ; suturis
linearibus ; apertura ovata, intus 5-lineata ; columella incurva, foveata,
purpureo tincta, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell ovate, rather thick, brown ; whorls supposed to be
about 5, rather convex ; body whorl surrounded by about 5

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

carinae, of which two central ones are more prominent ; sutures
linear ; aperture large, ovate, exhibiting the elevated ridges on
the body whorl, as linear, brown bands seen through the sub-
stance of the shell ; columella rounded, deeply indented, having
a small purple spot below the middle, with a slight sinus at
base.

Length 0.56 inch (14 millim.). Diarn. 0.35 inch (9 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.18 inch (4£ millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — The only specimen I have is somewhat mutilated, but
seems nevertheless perfectly distinct ; the only known species
with which I can compare it is M. sulcosa Lea, which is a much
thinner and more elevated species. The aperture of the pre-
sent shell is also proportionally much larger, and the number
of whorls less, for, though injured in that part, the rapid dimi-
nution of the whorls does not indicate an elevated spire ; the
number of raised lines on the body whorl is also less, and
they are rather very elevated costcc than strice as in Mr. Lea's
species.

30. Nlelania torulosa.

Plate III. Fig. 10.

T. conica, subcrassa, castanea ; spira parum elevata, acuta ; anfr. V-8,
supra suturam valde carinatis ; suturis linearibus; apertura late ovata,
intiis purpurascente ; columella incurva, in sinum tenuem desinente.

Shell conic, chestnut colored, rather thick ; spire little ele-
vated, acute ; whorls 7-8, strongly carinated a little above the
suture ; sutures linear ; aperture not large, broad-ovate, pur-
plish within ; columella regularly but not remarkably curved,
with a small sinus.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile /Shells.

Length 0.58 inch (15 millim.). Diam. 0.28 inch (7 millim.).
Length of aperture 0.23 inch (6 millim.).
Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.
My cabinet.

Obs. — But a single specimen of this species is before me, but
it differs so much from all others that I cannot hesitate to place
it among well established species. M. acuto-carinata Lea is the
only one with which it may be compared, but that species has
the carina obsolete on the body whorl, the very point where it
is most remarkably developed in this ; the whorls also in the
M. torulosa diminish much more rapidly to an acute apex,
which in M. acuto-carinata is said to be obtusely elevated ; the
]jf. torulosa is remarkable for its acute elevation from the
broad base of the carina on the body whorl. In the columella
too of the present species there is no indentation, while in M.
acuto-carinata it is "remarkably indented."

31. ITIelania plaiiogyra.

Plate III. Fig. 11.

T. elongato-conica, subglabra, crassa, fusco-virente ; spira valde
autem obtuse elevata ; anfr. 10—11, subconcavis, costa supra suturam
decurrente marginatis, et fascia fusca juxta costam ornatis ; anfr. ultimo
fascia altera infra angulum decurrente ; suturis impressis ; apertura
parva, rhomboidea, intus bifasciata ; labro valde sinuoso ; columella
recta, in sinum latum producta.

Shell conical, rather smooth, thick ; of a dull, dark, horn-
color, unrelieved by any other except a rather indistinct, brown
band, revolving near the base of each whorl, immediately be-
low which a raised, rounded, subcrenulated ridge revolves
between it and the suture below ; spire much, but not acutely,

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

elevated, with a nearly rectilinear outline ; whorls 10-11, flat
or concave, and with a well impressed, channelled suture ;
aperture small, rhomboidal, diaphanous, exhibiting the dark
band of the exterior through its substance very faintly, far
within. Columella deeply curved, not indented, thickened at
base ; outer lip angularly curved, extended forwards ; sinus
rather broad, not deep.

Length 1.37 inch (34 millim.). Diam. 0.46 inch (12 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.24 inch (6 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A stout species, which most resembles M. regularis Lea
in general appearance, from which, however, its concave whorls,
elevated carina, and dark band will readily distinguish it. It
has not the channelled body whorl of M. canaliculata Say, nor
the convex, subangulated upper whorls which distinguish that
species.

The lines of growth are very coarse and prominent, and ex-
tending over the raised line near the base of the whorls, give
the latter an interrupted or subcrenulated appearance.

32. Ulelania gradata.

Plate III. Fig. 12.

T. conica, glabra, crassa, corneo-virente ; spira parum elevata ; anfr
7-8, gradatis, subconcavis, funiculo conspicuo suturas incumbente et in
angulum anfr. ultimi carinam elevante ; suturis valde impressis ; apertura
subrhomboidea, intus albida ; labro prorsum valde sinuato, coluraella
recta, in sinura angustum profundum procfticta.

Shell conical, smooth, solid, greenish horn-color ; spire not
much elevated ; whorls 7-8, slightly concave, with a distinct
elevated ridge, closely overlying the suture and the projecting

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

shoulder of the succeeding whorl so as to form a series of
steps to the sub-acute apex ; body whorl large, generally an-
gulated or distinctly ribbed at base, which is not much rounded ;
sutures impressed ; aperture subrhomboidal, whitish within ;
outer lip much bent forward towards the base ; columella
straight, produced into a narrow deep sinus, which is slightly
recurved. •

Length 0.85 inch (22 millim.). Diam. 0.42 inch (11 millim.).

Length of aperture O.oO inch (8 millim ).

Breadth of do. 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — Belongs to the group of which M. canaliculata may be
considered the type. It is, however, much less elevated than
M. canaliculata, has not the conspicuous grooving on the body
whorl as in that species, and its spire has the whorls flat instead
of exhibiting an obtuse carina, as described by Mr. Say ; a
sharp elevated carina at the base of the whorls closely overlies
the suture beneath; the extreme upper whorls having this
more distant from the suture become distinctly carinated. The
regular gradation of the whorls is its most distinctive cha-
racter.

33. JUelania fastigiata.

Plate III. Fig. 13.

T. conica, glabra, crassa, vi rente; spira elevata, acuta ; anfr. 9-10,
primum subcarinatis, deinde planis, fusco-bifasciatis, ultimo trifasciato, in
medio carina angulato; suturis impressis, apertura rhomboidea, intiis
albida, fasciata ; labro valde sinuato, columella recta, in sinum pro-
fundum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, moderately thick ; of a pale yellowish-
green color, ornamented with two distinct, distant, reddish-

MARCH, 1854- 3 ASK. LYC. NAT. HIST., VOL. VI. ,

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

brown bands on each whorl, except those near the apex, which
are carinate ; spire elevated, rising from the broad body whorl
with regularly decreasing volume in a pyramidal form to the
acute apex ; whorls 10, not convex, with rather indistinct
sutures in a furrowed channel ; lines of growth curved and
strong, particularly on the penult and body whorl, where they
are almost folds ; body whorl distinctly carinated, having one
carina at the middle, another a short distance below, with a
broad band immediately above the carinae, and another far
down, near the base. Aperture small, sub-rhomboidal, whitish
within, three bands visible in the interior; columella nearly
straight, a little thickened, outer lip very much curved, auger-
like ; sinus narrow, recurved.

Length 0.80 inch (20 millim.). Diam. 0.38 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.32 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.

Obs. — A fine symmetrical species, which is, perhaps, most
nearly allied to M. vestita Con. • from that shell it differs in
being less ponderous, more acute in its outline, and in its flat
whorls, the jM[. vestita being angulated below the middle ; it
has also a double band, while "vestita" has a single one. From
M. elevata Say it differs by its less slender outline, its want of
" thread-like carinas" on the whorls, and its lines of growth are
more curved, more elevated, and more distant ; differs from M.
spinalis Lea by not having carinated whorls, by its more deli-
cate color, and it has not the superior part of the whorl darker
than below, as described in M. spinalis.

34. Ulelaiiia vicina.

Plate III. Fig. 14.

T. conica, glabra, subcrassa, fulva ; spira brevi ; anfr. 6, superioribus
subconvexis, unifasciatis, ultimo subhumeroso, in medio angulato, fasciis

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

fuscis, duabus ornato ; suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, intus bifasciata ;
columella valde incurva, sinum vix formante.

Shell conical, smooth, rather thick, yellowish-brown ; spire
short; whorls 6, upper ones subconvex, with a brown band
immediately above the suture, body whorl a little shouldered
beneath the suture, and angulated in the middle, surrounded
by two narrow bands, one above and the other below the angle ;
sutures impressed : aperture ovate, banded within, columella
much curved, with hardly a perceptible sinus at base.

Length 0.45 inch (11 millim.). Diam. 0.21 inch (5 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.20 inch (5 millirn.).

Breadth of do. 0.12 inch (3 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A small, not inelegant species, which may be compared
with M. ovoidea Lea and J/. depygis Say, as its nearest con-
geners. The former species I have never seen, but judging
from the description this differs from it in many particulars ; its
form is proportionately broader, the bands are 'more distinct,
the body whorl has a distinct angle, which is also apparent on
the penultimate whorl, amounting there to a carination. The
aperture is also much smaller. The same particulars apply
with equal force to Melania depygis Say, the two being so
nearly alike in description that the M. ovoidea may prove to be
only a variety of Mr. Say's depygis.

35. Ulelania pallidula.

Plate III. Fig. 15.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, subcrassa, straminea ; spira obtuse elevata,
decollata ; anfr. superstit. 4, superioribus subplanis, ultimo angulato,
obscure fusco-bilineato ; suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, intus albida,
bilineata ; columella incurva, sinum vix formante.

3*

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Sheik.

Shell elongate-ovate, smooth, moderately thick; of a pale
horn-color, with a faint, brown, narrow band on the penult
whorl, increased to two on the body whorl, and obsolete on the
apicial ones ; spire obtusely elevated, with a rather convex out-
line and a well defined suture ; whorls, four remaining, with
indications of two more lost by truncation, body whorl angu-
late, and rather coarsely striate longitudinally ; aperture rather
large, ovate, pale within, ornamented with the two bands of
the body whorl, which do not reach the outer edge, a broad,
plain area intervening; columella curved, with a very slight
sinus at base.

Length 0.50 inch (12 millim.). Diam. 0.25 inch (6 millim.)

Length of aperture 0.27 inch (7 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.15 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.
My cabinet.

Obs. — This is a very neat, pretty species, whose affinity with
any other is not so strong as to endanger its being easily con-
founded ; from M. angulata nobis, it differs in being broader,
less angulated, paler in color, less elongated, and by its brown
bands, that species being entirely plain.

36. Ulelaiiia rhombica.

Plate III. Fig. 16.

Testa ovato-conica, fusco-virente ; spira parum elevata ; anfr. 6, su-
perioribus planis, striis 3-4 cinctis, ultimo multistriato, in medio angu-
lato, infra angulum striis obsoletioribus ; suturis inconspicuis ;• apertura
ovata, intus albida ; columella incurva, sinum vix formante.

Shell conic, rather thin, brown ; spire regularly pyramidal,
not elevated ; whorls about 6, flat, regularly and very dis-

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

tinctly striate ; body whorl angulated about the middle, nearly
smooth, except as modified by the lines of growth, which are
quite distinct, the concentric striae being nearly obsolete on the
body whorl ; sutures inconspicuous ; aperture rather large,
ovate, whitish within ; columella very slightly rounded, with
little or no sinus.

Length 0.43 inch (11 millim.). Diam. 0.22 inch (5£ millim.).

Length of aperture 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.12 inch (3 millim.).

Habita t. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — This cannot well be confounded with any known
species ; its short spire, flat striated whorls, regularly and
rapidly decreasing to the apex, the prominent, acute carina
which encircles it near the top of the aperture, beneath which
the striae, so prominent above, are hardly discernible, and its
rather broad form, will readily distinguish it from M. striatula
Lea, to which it might seem allied by form and color ; it has
somewhat the form of M. vicina nobis, but that shell is more
slender, less distinctly carinated, and has not the striation of
the present species.

37. Melania angulata.

Plate III. Fig. 17.

T. conica, glabra, fulva ; spira acuta, modice elevata, nigrescente ;
anfr. 8, superioribus subplanis, carinis duabus, in anfr. penultimo obso-
lescentibus, cinctis, anfr. ultimo in medio acute angulato ; suturis im-
pressis ; apertura elongato-ovata, intus albido-rufescente ; columella
subincurva. in sinum tenuera producta.

Shell acutely conic, smooth, brown, rather thick ; spire not

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

remarkably elevated, but tapering regularly with a rectilinear
outline to the apex, which is entire and acute ; whorls 8, nearly
flat, upper ones carinate, and with a well defined suture ; body
whorl with a distinct angle, more distinct where it revolves
near the top of the aperture ; below this the base is rather con-
cave on the columella side ; aperture moderate, narrow, ovate,
whitish or faintly tinged with red within ; columella slightly
curved, not indented ; sinus slight, but well defined.

Length 0.56 inch (14 millim.). Diam. 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.13 inch (3 millim.).

Habitat — Tennessee.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y.

Obs. — A singularly neat, precise looking shell. Its trim
appearance, its pale color, unornamented by any band, and its
sharp, well defined angle, amounting almost to a carina, will
serve to distinguish it from all others.

38. Melania tabulata.

Plate IIL Fig. 18.

T. ovato-comca, tenui, castaneo-nigra ; spira parum elevata ; anfr. 5,
superioribus, convexis, penultimo piano, superne angulato, ultimo in
planis pluribus tabulate ; suturis impressis ; apertura elongato-ovata,
ampla, intus purpurea ; columella vix incurva, in sinum inconspicuum
producta.

Shell ovate-conic, smooth, thin, of a dark-brown color ex-
ternally ; spire not remarkably elevated, with a rather concave
outline ; whorls about 5, upper ones convex, penult whorl flat,
body whorl sub-angulated into several planes, with a distinctly
impressed suture ; aperture rather large, ovate, within of a

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

beautiful reddish-purple, coluraella slightly curved, indented,
and with a narrow, recurved sinus at base.

Length 0.62 inch (16 millim.). Diam. 0.34 inch (8£ millim.).

Length of aperture 0.31 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat — Tennessee.
My cabinet.

Obs. — I know of no species with which this is liable to be
confounded; its ample body whorl, 'the broad, angular, and
shelving shoulder on the body and penult whorls, while the
upper ones are wanting in this character, and above all the
tabulation of the penult whorl, are its most striking character-
istics, and will at once distinguish it from all other species ;
the lines of growth are rather coarse, curved, and approximate.

39. Ittelania clara.

Plate III. Fig. 19.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, subcrassa, stramineo-virente ; spira parum
elevata ; anfr. 7, superioribus planis, rapide crescentibus, purpureo-uni-
fasciatis, ultimo magno, subangulato, quadrifasciato ; suturis valde im-
pressis ; apertura magna, ovata, intus fasciata ; columella subrecta, in
sinum inconspicuum producta.

Shell ovate, smooth, thick ; spire not elevated ; whorls 7,
flat, nearly smooth ; upper ones rapidly enlarging to the body
whorl, which is very large, and ornamented with four conspi-
cuous brown bands, on a clear and well contrasting yellow
ground ; the upper band is distant and alone, near the suture,
while the others are crowded and below the middle ; sutures
impressed ; aperture large, ovate, banded inside ; columella
nearly straight, with no remarkable sinus at base.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Length 0.70 inch (18 millim.). Diam. 0.38 inch (10 millim.).
Length of aperture 0.40 inch (10 millim.).
Breadth of do. 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — Allied to M. olivula Con. in general form, but seems to
differ by its body whorl, which is sub-angulated at its upper
part, near the top of the aperture, and slightly so at the mid-
dle ; the whorls of the spire have only one band, which is
above the middle ; lines of growth distinct, giving the upper
whorls a slightly varicose character.

40. Melania fusco-cincta.

Plate III. Fig. 20.

T. ovata, glabra, subcrassa, stramineo-fusca ; spira brevi ; anfr. 4-5,
superioribus nigro-unifasciatis, ultimo magno, angulato, fasciis nigris latis
duabus una supra et altera subter angulum revolventibus; suturis valde
impressis ; apertura magna, late ovata, intus fasciata ; columella in-
curva, reflexa, foveata, sinura vix formante.

Shell ovate, smooth, moderately thick ; spire very short,
consisting of 4-5 nearly flat whorls, with a broad, dark-brown
band revolving in the centre of each ; body whorl large, with
one band above the middle, and another at base, subangulated ;
sutures irregularly impressed, distinct ; columella well rounded,
indented and reflected at the middle so as partially to conceal
a small umbilical opening ; aperture large, broad-ovate, within
banded.

Length 0.44 inch (11 millim.). Diam. 0.30 inch (7£ millim.).

Length of aperture 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatik Shells.

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A short shell, almost like an Anculosa ; a single speci-
men only is before me, but is too remarkable to be confounded
with any known species.

The uncommonly broad, dark band, surrounded by the
generally yellow epidermis, gives it a lively appearance.

41. Iflelania plena.

Plate III. Fig. 21.

T. oblongo-ovata, glabra, crassa, fusco-virescente ; spira parura ele-
vata, decollata ; anfr. 4-5, convexis, ultimo raagno, in medio subcon-
stricto, fasciis duabus obscuris ; suturis irregulariter valde impressis ;
apertura magna, subrhomboidea, intiis livida et fasciata ; columella recta,
torta, foveata, in sinum profundum angustum producta.

Shell oblong ovate, smooth, thick, dark olive-green ; spire
abruptly decollate, not elevated ; whorls 4-5, convex ; body
whorl large, a little constricted in the centre, having two very
faint, distant .bands, more distinct in the interior ; sutures irre-
gularly and distinctly impressed ; aperture large, sub-rhom-
boidal, within livid and banded; columella strongly indented
and twisted, with a strong sinus at base.

Length 0.80 inch (21 millim.). Diam. 0.45 inch (11 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.42 inch (11 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A strong, corpulent shell, of a dark, livid color, which
cannot well be confounded with any other ; its most prominent
characters are, its full broad form, the paucity of its whorls,
and its strongly indented columella.

Descn'plions of New Fluviatile Shells.
42. Melanin compacta.

Plate III. Fig. 22.

T. ovato-conica, glabra, crassa, straraineo-vi rente ; spira obtuse ele-
vata ; anfr. 5, superioribus subplanis, fasciis nigris duabus cinctis quarum
inferior sutura, fere occulta est, ultimo subangulato, trifasciato ; suturis
impressis ; apertura ovata, intus albida et fasciata, columella foveata,
incurva, ssepe purpureo-tincta, sinum baud formante.

Shell ovate-conic, smooth, thick, yellowish-green ; spire ob-
tusely elevated ; whorls about 5, nearly flat ; body whorl
large, subangulated near the base, with three very dark bands,
two of which are below the angle ; the penultimate whorl has
two bands only, and the lowest of these is nearly or quite con-
cealed by the suture, and on the upper whorl the same band
is indicated only by a dark, hair-like line; sutures well im-
pressed ; aperture rather large, ovate, within whitish and
banded ; columella strongly indented, base regularly rounded,
without any sinus.

Length 0.60 inch (15 millim.). Diam. 0.38 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.30 inch (7$ millim.).

Breadth of . do. 0.18 inch (4$ millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., 1ST. Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — A short, thick, compact species, with seldom more
than three perfect whorls remaining, other two whorls being
indicated on the abruptly decollate spire ; the whorls are
slightly shouldered, and the lines of growth are curved and
prominent ; compared with M. fusiformis Lea} it is less fusiform,
more ponderous, has the spire less acute, and an aperture en-
tirely different ; from M. proteus Con. it differs in its totally
different spire and aperture, and its want of the tuberculous

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

shoulder of that species ; the bands in the interior are very
dark and well defined.

43. Ulelania glans.

Plate III Fig. 23.

T. ventricoso-conica, glabra, crassa, nigro-fusca; spira acuminata,
parum elevata ; anfr. 8, convexis, rapid e crescentibus, ultimo magno,
perconvexo ; suturis distinctis, albo-lineatis ; apertura elongata, intus
purpurea ; columella foveata, recta, in sinum angustum profundura
producta.

Shell ventricose-conic, smooth, thick, dark-olive ; spire acu-
minate, but not elevated ; whorls 8, convex, rapidly converging
to the apex ; body whorl very large, rounded beneath ; sutures
well denned, white ; aperture not large, elliptical, within dark
purple ; columella indented near the base ; sinus well deve-
loped.

Length 0.75 inch (19 millim.). Diam. 0.38 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.34 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.16 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.
My cabinet.

Obs. — A plain, sombre-looking species, with no very remark-
able distinguishing characters, except its large, bulbous form,
and dark, purple mouth ; it cannot well be compared with any
other species. The whorls are slightly shouldered, with a very
narrow, whitish sutural region.

44. TKelania planospira*

Plate III. Fig. 24.
T. rotundo-ovata, glabra, subcrassa, cornea ; spira brevissiraa ; anfr.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

4-5, gradatis, vix elevatis, ultimo perrnagno, fusco-bilineato ; apertura
magna, elongato-ovata ; columella incurva, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell short-ovate, smooth, rather thick, light horn-colored;
body whorl large, occupying nearly the entire volume of the
shell ; spire nearly flat, consisting of 4-5 perfectly plane whorls,
scarcely elevated above the body whorl ; aperture long, nar-
row ovate ; columella rounded, ending in a slight sinus.

Length 0.50 inch (13 millim.). Diam. 0.32 inch (8 millirn.).

Length of aperture 0.36 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.18 inch (44 millim.).

Habitat. — Tennessee.

My cabinet. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y.

Obs. — Cannot be confounded with any other species ; its
remarkably flat whorls rising like steps, but little above each
other, with a distinct and slightly raised rim around the peri-
phery, will alone be sufficient to characterize the species. It
seems more like an Anculosa in form, but is nevertheless a true
Melania. Two bands are visible on the body whorl and also
within the aperture.

45. Ulelaiiia undosa.

Plate III. Fig. 25.

T, ovata, glabra, subcrassa, stramineo-virente ; spira brevi, conica ;
anfr. 6-7, convexis, rapide crescentibus ; ultimo amplo, valde bumeroso,
interdum obscure fasciato ; suturis impressis ; apertura irregulariter
ovata, intus albido-rubescente, ssepe purpureo-fa?ciata ; labro subsinuoso;
columella incurva, in sinum latum producta.

Shell ovate, smooth, olivaceous, moderately thick ; whorls
6-7, rapidly converging to the apex, convex ; body whorl
ample, with a distinct, but somewhat rounded shoulder ; sutures

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

impressed ; aperture irregularly ovate ; outer lip waved ; inside
of the aperture whitish or brownish, often with obscure bands ;
columella rounded, extending into a broad, shallow sinus.

Length 0.66 inch (17 millim.). Diam. 0.38 (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.35 inch (9 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.19 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Nolen river, Kentucky.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y. Cab. B. W. Budd.

Obs. — A somewhat variable species ; the remarkably shoul-
dered body whorl will, however, readily distinguish it ; differs
from M. obovata Say by its more distinct spire, its greater pro-
portionate breadth, and by the form of the aperture ; it is also
much less ponderous ; many specimens are obscurely banded
on the body whorl, this is more distinctly visible in the young
shell.

46. Melania consangiiinea*

Plate III. Fig. 26.

T. ovata-, glabra, crassa, fusco-virente ; spira brevi, acuminata ; anfr.
8, superioribus subplanis, duobus ultimis humerosis, ultimo permagno,
in medio vix constricto ; suturis impressis ; apertura magna, ovata,
intus livida ; coiuraella incurva, purpureo-tincta, sinum vix formante.

Shell ovate, smooth, thick, brownish olive ; spire short, acu-
minate ; whorls 8, the upper ones nearly flat, the last two or
three much shouldered ; body whorl very large, slightly con-
stricted in its upper portion, and very faintly banded ; sutures
deeply impressed ; aperture regularly ovate, within livid,
approaching to purple far within ; columella rounded, with
scarcely a perceptible sinus, tinged with purple at base.

Length 0.75 inch (20 millim ). Diam. 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.20 inch (5 millim.).

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Habitat — Indiana.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — Allied to, but perfectly distinct from M. undosa ; its
greater solidity, more elongated spire, and greater number of
whorls will at once distinguish it ; the whorls of the spire are
much more convex, and there is no prominent angle formed
by the shoulder on the body whorl as in M. undosa.

47. Melania coronilla.

Plate III. Fig. 27.

T. ovata, subcrassa, fusco-cornea ; spira brevi ; anfr. 5-6, convexis,
prope humerum irregulariter nodoso-plicatis, ssepe fusco-unicinctis ;
suturis valde impressis ; apertura ovata, intus rubescente et fasciata ;
columella incurva, foveata, in sinum tenuem producta.

Shell ovate, moderately thick ; of a dark; dull, horn color,
sometimes decorated with two or three linear revolving bands
at, and below, the upper part of the aperture ; spire short, with
a rather convex outline to the truncated apex ; whorls 5-6,
convex, one of which seems to have been lost by truncation ;
obtusely shouldered and shelving, with about ten short, thick,
elevated, rather distant, longitudinal ribs on each, which on
the body whorl are nearly obsolete, rarely extending below the
shoulder ; sutures distinctly impressed, but rendered irregular
by the interruptions of the longitudinal folds ; aperture not
large, ovate, reddish or banded within ; columella much curved,
with an indentation below the middle, and thickened by a cal-
careous deposit along its whole length, more prominent near
the upper angle of the aperture.

Length 0.50 inch (13 millim.). Diam. 0.22 inch (5J millim.).

Length of aperture 0.24 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.13 inch (3 millim.).

Habitat — Tennessee.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., 1ST. Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

Obs. — I know no species with which, the present one can
easily be confounded ; its short, rather broad outline, with its
thick, prominent, longitudinal ribs on the short whorls of the
spire will readily distinguish it. Six specimens only are before
me, three of which are banded, and three are plain ; the speci-
mens are otherwise very uniform in appearance.

48. Tflelaiiia corpuleiita.

Plate III. Fig. 28.

T. ovata, glabra, fulvo-virente ; spira hrevi, convexo-couica ; anfr. 6—
*7, convexis, ultimo subcylindrico, inferne subangulato, fasciis nigris latis
duabus cinctis ; suturis valde impressis ; apertura elongato-ovata, su-
perne angusta, intus fasciata ; columella primura recta, deinde in sinum
profundum recurvata.

Shell ovate, smooth, yellowish, banded ; whorls 6-7, convex ;
body whorl very full, with two distant dark-brown bands
quite broad, which are nearly concealed on the upper whorls
by the revolutions of the spire ; sutures impressed ; aperture
narrow ovate, broadest at base, banded within; columella much
curved below the middle, white, and thickened at base, with a
broad and distinct sinus in that region.

Length 0.80 inch (20 millim.). Diam. 0.42 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.40 inch (10 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Alabama.
My cabinet.

Obs. — Its most prominent character is the corpulence of the
body whorl, and its regular oval form. May be compared with
M. bitctniata Con., but its body whorl is much more rounded or
oval, it is less banded, and the bands are more distinct ; the
spire is more elevated and less abrupt.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.
49. jflelaiiia neglect a.

Plate III. Fig. 29.

T. conical, glabra, tenui, straminea; spira elevata ; anfr. 10, superio-
ribus subplanis ssepe unifasciatis, lira supra suturam decurrente, in anfr.
penultimo obsoletiore ; anfr. ultimo subangulato, obscure bisulcato, ssepe
nigro-bifasciato ; suturis impressis ; apertura ovata, intus albido-rosacea ;
labro sinuoso ; columella subrecta, torta, rosacea, in sinum profundum
recurvata.

Shell conical, rather thin, light yellow; whorls 10, upper
ones nearly flat, with a slight ridge revolving just above the
suture. This ridge disappears as it approaches the penult
whorl, but two of them become visible on the last whorl, which
is subangulate. Sometimes the last whorl is encirled by two
dark brown bands, of which the uppermost is also visible
throughout the upper whorls, covering the ridge above men-
tioned ; sutures impressed ; aperture ovate, of a delicate rosy
hue within ; outer lip waved ; columella nearly straight, twisted,
roseate, recurved into a deep sinus.

Length 0.90 inch (23 raillim.). Diam. 0.38 inch (10 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.33 inch (8 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.18 inch (4J- millim.).

Habitat.— Great Miami river, near Dayton, Ohio.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs.—A. fine large species, which seems to exhibit consider-
able variation, both in form and coloring. The banded varie-
ties are among our most beautiful species, while we also find
those which are of a plain, delicate horn color, or with bands
but faintly indicated by an almost imperceptible difference of
color in the interior of the mouth, which in those specimens is
generally, and in the banded specimens occasionally, tinged
with a delicate rosy hue.

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.
so. Ulelania gracilior.

Plate I. Fig. 5.

Melania gracilis Anthony (not Lea), Haldeman's Monog. Fresh-Water Shells of
Xorth America, Cover of No. 4.

T. conica, glabra, fusco-nigrescente ; spira elevata ; anfr. 8, superiori-
bus planis, ultimo infra suturam constricto, et fascia fulvo-virente cincto ;
suturis impressis, pallidioribus ; apertura ovata, intus fasciata ; labro
sinuato ; columella fusca, incurva, in sinum distinctum producta.

Shell conica], smooth, and shining, color dark-brown, texture
light ; whorls about 8, upper ones nearly flat, the last is usually
slightly constricted beneath the suture, and beneath this stric-
ture, on the periphery of the last whorl, revolve one or two
broad bands of yellowish-green; sutures impressed, and of
paler color than the rest of the shell ; aperture small, pyriform,
and inwardly ornamented with alternate bands of a dark ruby
color and translucent white, which render this part of the shell
peculiarly lively and beautiful ; outer lip sinuate ; columella
dark brown, arcuate, and produced into a distinct sinus.

Length 0.75 inch (19 millim.). Diam. 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Congress and Springfield Lakes, Stark county,
Ohio.

My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., K Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — This is a very distinct and beautiful species, remark-
able for its long slender form, its polished surface, and for a
profound stricture on the body whorl of many of the specimens,
though this last character is not always present ; when it is
present, it furnishes a mark by which this species can be readily
distinguished from any other.

MARCH, 1854. 4 ANN. LYC. NAT. HIST., VOL. VL

Descriptions of New Fluviatile Shells.

It is seldom that any of our Melanice are found inhabiting
waters so still as those of the small lakes so numerous in Stark
and the neighboring counties in Ohio ; nearly all the family
are denizens of rapid streams abounding with rocks, to which
they adhere, often in great numbers. Occasionally, however,
they attach themselves to the dead bivalve shells which pave
many of the rivers in our Southern and Western States, or
eling to the long grass which grows in them.

This species was first published on the cover of Haldeman's
Monograph of the Fresh- Water Shells of North America, No.
4, December 28, 1841. A short time previous Mr. Lea had
published a species from Tennessee under the same name,
which publication I had not then seen. It becomes expedient,
therefore, to change its name to one not preoccupied, and I
propose, in re-describing the species, to confer upon it that of
" gracilior" which seems even more appropriate than the name
originally given to it.

Descriptions of New Fluviatik Shells. 129

50. Iflelania gracilior.

Plate I. Fig. 6.

Melania gracilis Anthony (not Lea), Haldeman's Monog. Fresh-Water Shells of
North America, Cover of No. 4.

T. conica, glabra, fusco-nigrescente ; spira elevata ; anfr. 8, superiori-
bus planis, ultimo infra suturam constricto, et fascia fulvo-virente cincto ;
suturis impressis, pallidioribus ; apertura ovata, intus fasciata ; labro
sinuato ; columella fusca, iucurva, in sinum distinctum producta.

Shell conical, smooth, and shining, color dark-brown, texture
light ; whorls about 8, upper ones nearly flat, the last is usually
slightly constricted beneath the suture, and beneath this stric-
ture, on the periphery of the last whorl, revolve one or two
broad bands of yellowish-green; sutures impressed, and of
paler color than the rest of the shell ; aperture small, pyriform,
and inwardly ornamented with alternate bands of a dark ruby
color and translucent white, which render this part of the shell
peculiarly lively and beautiful ; outer lip sinuate ; columella
dark brown, arcuate, and produced into a distinct sinus.

Length 0.75 inch (19 millim.). Diam. 0.28 inch (7 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.25 inch (6 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.17 inch (4 millim.).

Habitat. — Congress and Springfield Lakes, Stark county,
Ohio.
My cab. Cab. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y. B. W. Budd, M.D.

Obs. — This is a very distinct and beautiful species, remark-
able for its long slender form, its polished surface, and for a
profound stricture on the body whorl of many of the specimens,
though this last character is not always present; when it is
present, it furnishes a mark by which this species can be readily
distinguished from any other.

130 Descriptions of New Species of Shells.

It is seldom that any of our Melanice, are found inhabiting
waters so still as those of the small lakes so numerous in Stark
and the neighboring counties in Ohio ; nearly all the family
are denizens of rapid streams abounding with rocks, to which
they adhere, often in great numbers. Occasionally, however,
they attach themselves to the dead bivalve shells which pave
many of the rivers in our Southern and Western States, or
cling to the long grass which grows in them.

This species was first published on the cover of Haldeman's
Monograph of the Fresh- Water Shells of North America, No.
4, December 28, 1841. A short time previous Mr. Lea had
published a species from Tennessee under the same name,
which publication I had not then seen. It becomes expedient,
therefore, to change its name to one not preoccupied, and I
propose, in re-describing the species, to confer upon it that of
"gracitior" which seems even more appropriate than the name
originally given to it.

XVII. — Descriptions of New Species of Shells.
By JOHN H. REDFIELD. Read April 8, 1854.

1. Anculosa Anthonyi.

Plate! Fig. 6.
Anculosa Anthonyi Budd, M.S.

T. rhomboideo-ovata, epidermide stramineo-virente induta, ssep&
purpureo-bifasciata ; spira brevi ; anfr. 4 ; superioribus erosis, ultimo
tuberculis 4-5 magnis, obtusis et irregularibus humeroso ; apertura
ovata, infra supraque effusa ; labro tenui ; columella ssepe purpureo-
bimaculata, et foveam umbilicarem curvatam semitegente.

Descriptions of New Species of Shells. 131

Shell rhomboidl y ovate, covered with an olivaceous-yellowish
epidermis, beneath which usually appear two purplish bands
encircling the body whorl ; spire short ; whorls about four, the
upper ones much eroded, the upper portion of the last whorl is v
shouldered by a series of large, obtuse, and irregular tubercles,
about four or five in number, there is also a slight tendency
towards thickening in the ventral portion of the whorl ; aper-
ture ovate, effuse above and below ; right lip thin ; columellar
lip usually stained with purple above and below, reflected so as
partially to cover a deep umbilical depression, which, however,
is continued towards the base, forming a channel much resem-
bling that of the umbilical region in Natica.

Length 0.83 inch (21 millim.). Diam. 0.63 inch (16 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.61 inch (16 millim.).

Breadth of do. 0.31 inch (8 millim.).

Habitat. — Holstein river, near Knoxville, Tenn, where it was
collected by our associate, 0. W. Morris, and also by Mr. An-
thony.

Obs. — Allied to A. salebrosa, but has the tubercles of its last
whorl larger, more obtuse, and irregular, and fewer in number.
In adopting the above name for this species, proposed by Dr.
Budd, I pay a deserved compliment to one of the most indus-
trious and ardent naturalists in our Western States ; though,
in so doing, I reluctantly depart from a wholesome recom-
mendation formally promulgated, first by the Scientific Congress
of Great Britain, and afterwards by that of America. It is to
be regretted that this recommendation has been so little heeded,
but where the recognised laws of nomenclature hardly restrain,
mere suggestions will be of little avail.

2. Cyclostoma inornatiiim

Plate L Fig. 7.
T. umbilicata, orbiculato-subdepress£, subtenui, striatul^, stramineo-

132 Descriptions of New Species of Shells.

virente ; spira parum elevata, apice obtusiuscula ; anfr. 4, celeriter accre-
scentibus, convexis ; sutura profunda ; umbilico mediocri, profundo ;
apertura subobliqua, circulari, perist. simplice, continue, recto, marginibus
approxirnatis: operculo corneo, tenui, arctispiro, extus concaviusculo ;
anfr. 8£.

Shell umbilicate, orbiculate, and somewhat conical, rather
thin, with oblique hardly perceptible stride of growth ; color
of a light greenish-yellow, verging towards olive ; spire not
much elevated, with the apex rather obtuse ; whorls 4, rapidly
increasing, convex, suture deep, umbilicus moderate, deep ;
aperture somewhat oblique, circular, its outline hardly broken
by the penult whorl ; peristome simple, continuous, straight,
its margins approximate : operculum horny, thin, a little con-
cave without, closely spiral, with 8J- whorls united by inconspi-
cuous sutures.

Greater diam. 0.45 inch (11 millim.). Lesser diam. 0.40 inch
(10 millim.). Height 0.24 inch (6 millim.).

Length of aperture 0.21 inch (5 millim.).

Habitat. — Guadaloupe.

Obs. — In size and form this species approaches C. asperulum
Sow., but differs entirely in its surface. In color and general
habit it is related to 0. translucidum Sow., but is more depressed.
Its opercnlum is also quite different from that of either of the
above s} '-ics, and would bring it within the proposed artificial
subgenus Cyclophorus. Its natural affinities, however, would
bring it much nearer to species which have been placed in the
equally artificial subgenus Cyclotus. Mr. Bland has kindly
afforded me the opportunity of describing this shell, which was
communicated to him by Henry Krebs, Esq., of St. Thomas,
W. I., who gives M. Duchaissaing as authority for the above
habitat.

REPORT

SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE,

MADE TO THE

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOLOGISTS AND NATURALISTS,

New Haven, May, 1845.

FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR 1845.

NEW HAVEN:

PRINTED BY B. L. HAMLEN,

Printer to Yale College.

1846^

REPORT.

Mr. J. D. DANA, as chairman of the committee on the subject of
Nomenclature, read the following paper.

Your Committee on Nomenclature having revised the laws and
suggestions on this subject, published by the British Association,
concur in recommending their general adoption. They have
hesitated only with regard to writing names derived from persons
or localities with an initial small letter instead of a capital. In
citing the names of original discoverers in connection with that
of a subsequent systematist by whom the original name had
been changed, they have preferred, as most simple and concise,
the plan which is proposed in the Report referred to, in a note to
page 120, where this subject is discussed.

The following abstract has been made out in as concise a
manner as possible, to secure more easy reference, and a more ex-
tended circulation : but they would strongly urge the perusal of
the whole Report in the volume of the British Association for
1842, (pp. 105 to 121,) in which numerous examples are given
by way of illustration, and the reasons for adopting the various
laws are presented in a forcible and lucid manner.*

I. LAW OF PRIORITY, WITH ITS LIMITATIONS.

§ 1. The name originally given to a group or species by its founder,
should be retained, to the exclusion of all subsequent synonyms.

The systematic nomenclature having originated with Linna3us, this
law is not to extend to the writings of more ancient authors.

§ 2. In the progress of science it often becomes necessary to restrict
or extend the characteristics of a genus, or subdivide a genus into sev-
eral genera. The following principles bearing upon the above law,
should be adopted in making such changes.

* The Report following, is given, as adopted with some modifications, by the
Association.

a. When several smaller genera are united in one, the name of the
earliest, if otherwise unobjectionable, should be selected for the name of
the whole group.

b. When a genus is subdivided, the original generic name should
not be cancelled, but should be retained for that portion of it which was
considered typical by the author : or if the evidence as to the original
type is not clear and indisputable, it may be given to any portion of it.

c. When two authors define and name the same genus, loth making
it exactly of the same extent, the latter name should be cancelled in
toto, and not retained in a modified sense : except, when its type (as
laid down by its author) belongs to a different section of the genus
from that of the other name, and both sections are elevated to
genera.

For example — the genus Monaulusof VIEILLOT, (1816,) is a precise
equivalent to the Lophophorus of TEMMINCK, (1813,) both authors
having adopted the same species as their type ; and therefore, when the
latter genus came, in the course of time, to be divided into two, it was
incorrect to give the condemned name Monaulus to one of the por-
tions. The names (Edemia and Melanetta were originally synonyms ;
but their respective types were taken from different sections of the
group, and consequently, on raising these two sections to genera, these
names are retained for the groups.

§ 3. There are other limitations of the law of priority, arising from
violations of the rules of propriety in the introduction of names. They
are as follows : —

a. Names given to species or groups unaccompanied by published
characteristic descriptions, should yield place to the earliest name
accompanying such descriptions.

It has been customary with some naturalists to give names to species
in their cabinets, or in a published catalogue, and on this ground, to
claim authority for such names. This should not be allowed. Neither
is it sufficient that the description appear in a public newspaper, or in a
journal not generally known for its scientific character, or in language
so brief and indefinite that the object cannot be recognized by it.

b. A name of a species already in use for another species of the
same genus, should be changed : also, a generic name in Zoology,
before employed for a genus in that kingdom should be changed ;
and the same in the Vegetable kingdom.

c. A name glaringly opposed in its signification to the essential
characteristics of a species or group, and likely to propagate impor-
tant errors, may be changed.

Such terms as Monodon, Caprimulgus, Paradisea apoda, and Monocu-
/U5, have acquired sufficient currency no longer to cause error, and are
therefore retained without inconvenience. Names derived from locali-
ties, where the species are found to have wider limits, should still be
retained. But when we find a Batrachian reptile named in violation of
its true affinities, Mastodonsaurus, or when a name is derived from an
accidental monstrosity, as in Picus semirostris of LINNJEUS and Helix
disjuncta of TURTON, another name should be substituted. This priv-
ilege should be allowed only in extreme cases.

d. When the name of a species is afterwards made the name of a
genus to include that species, a new specific name should be given.

The generic name Pyrrhocorax was applied to the species called
by LINNJEDS, Corvus pyrrhocorax. It therefore became necessary to
change the specific name, and alpinus was substituted. The practice
of thus elevating specific names to generic is a bad one. See § 6, i.

II. LAWS WITH REGARD TO ORTHOGRAPHY.

§ 4. In writing systematic names, the rules of Latin orthography
should be adhered to ; except in words derived from proper names,
in which only the termination should be latinized.

Proper names of persons would often become quite unintelligible if
modified so as to conform throughout to Latin orthography. We
should not recognize Knighti, Woodwardi, in the words Cnichti, Vud-
vardi. But words of barbarous origin, having no fixed orthography,
are more pliable, and hence when adopted into the Latin, should be ren-
dered as classical in apipearance as is consistent with the preservation
of their original sound.

a. In converting Greek words into Latin the following principles
should be regarded.

Greek.

6

Greek.

(JCI

Latin.

becomes

o; terminal

Oi

1

us

urn

u

O3

becomes

Latin,
th
ph
Ch

c
nch

T( ng

The aspirate (') h

b. In compounding two Greek words, the first of the two words
should have the form of the genitive case, dropping only the termi-
nal consonant ; as from o$t> 15 bird and £17/0* beak, we have Orni-
thorhynchus — not Ornirhynchus.

c. Words of different languages must never be compounded to-
gether. We add —

6

d. In compounding two Latin words, the same rule should be fol-
lowed, except that i should be substituted when the genitive ends in
a ; pennceformis should be penniformis.

e. Specific names, derived from localities, should terminate in
ensis : those derived from names of persons, when given in honor
of the discoverer, should end in the genitive i, or ii, (i, when the
name ends in a consonant, and ii when in a vowel) ; but when in
compliment to a person not a discoverer, the adjective should end in
anus. But names derived from the names of persons or localities
are very objectionable : see beyond, § 6, 5, c.

III. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE IMPROVEMENT OF SYSTEMATIC

NOMENCLATURE.

The following suggestions, although they cannot be invested with the
authority of laws, are worthy of being strictly regarded in the future in-
troduction of scientific names.

§ 5. The best names are those derived fi*om the Greek or Latin lan-
guage, the former being in general preferable for generic names, and
the latter for specific.

§ 6. It is desirable,

a. To select names which may indicate some sensible character-
istic of the object : this will greatly aid the memory.

b. To avoid specific names derived from localities.

c. To avoid invariably deriving generic and specific names from
the names of persons.

d. To avoid comparative names, such as Picoides, Emberizoides,
maximus, minor, minimus, &c.

e. To avoid ancient names of species, except when they can be
correctly applied with their ancient signification.

f. To avoid names closely resembling others in use.

g. To avoid names having no meaning.

h. To avoid the introduction, under a new signification, of names
that have been once ranked among synonyms, except in the cases
alluded to in § 2, c.

i. To avoid making a generic name out of a former specific name.

k. To avoid introducing for a genus in Zoology a name already in
use for a genus in Botany, and the reverse.

I. To avoid names of harsh and inelegant pronunciation.
§ 7. It is recommended that names of Families should end uniformly
in ida, and Subfamilies in ina.

These names are formed by changing the last syllable of the geni-
tive into idee or ina ; as Strix gives Strigida, from the genitive Stri-
gis, Buceros gives Bucerotidce, from the genitive Bucerotis ; not
Bucerida.

§ 8. It is recommended that generic names, and specific names which
are derived from names of persons, be written with an initial capital ;
that all other specific names be written with a small initial letter.

This principle is introduced with reference to names of this kind
already in use ; for it is to be hoped that they may not be added to in
future. (§6, c.)

§ 9. It is recommended that the original authority of a species always
follow the name in brackets ; and if the name be subsequently altered,
the authority for the same as altered, be added without brackets.

It has been common for systematists to change a generic name, and
then to add their own name to all the species. To prevent this injus-
tice, which is no less than a kind of piracy, the above rule is proposed.
As an example — the Tyrannus crinitus of SWAINSON is the Muscicapa
crinita of LINN.EUS : to distinguish here the author of the former name
and give due justice to LINN.EUS, it may be written, Tyrannus crinitus^
(LiNN.) SWAIN. By this we do not intimate whether the genus Tyran-
nus is SWAINSON'S or not; it is sufficient for the purposes of science to
show here that the above title, as a whole, was first adopted by SWAIN-
SON. The authority for the genus will be found elsewhere.

§ 10. It is recommended that when an author, through ignorance of
what his predecessors have done, gives to a species an appropriated
specific name, the name of such author be omitted.

§ 11. It is recommended that when an author only corrects a false or-
thography, his name be not added as authority for the corrected term.

§ 12. It is recommended that in subdividing a genus, the new generic
names proposed for the subdivisions formed, agree in gender with that
of the original genus.

§ 13. It is recommended that in proposing new genera, the etymol-
ogy of the names be always stated ; and that one species be pointed out
as a type or standard of reference.

§ 14. It is recommended that new genera and species be amply de-
fined, and that the descriptions be inserted in such periodical or other
works as are likely to obtain immediate and extensive circulation.
JAMES D. DANA. A. BINNEY.

S. S. HALDEMAN. C. U. SHEPARD.

D. H. STOKER. C. DEWEY.

A. A. GOULD. J. D. WHELPLEY.

E. C. HERRICK.

Verzeichniss der clureli Herrii Dr. v. Tschudi
in Peru gesammelten Coiichylieu.

Vom
Herttusgeber.

(Hierzu Taf. V— VII.)

Schon vor mehreren Jahrenhat mir HerrDr. v. Tschudi
eine Sammlung von Conchylien ubergeben, welche er selbst
wahrend seines Aufenthaltes in Peru zusammengebracht hat,
urn sie zu bearbeiten, und die etwa daraus zu ziehenden wis-
senschaftlichen Ergebnisse zu veroffentlichen. Ich muss mich
leider fur schuldig bekennen, ungebuhrlich lange dieseBear-
beitung verzogert zu haben.

Es war des Besitzers und Sammlers dieser Conchylien
Wunsch, ich mochte ein vollstandiges Verzeichniss aller von
Peru bekannter Mollusken zusammenstellen , die vorliegende
Sammlung als Grundlage benutzend. Obgleich ich nicht ver-
kenne, dass ein derartiges Verzeichniss recht nutzlich ware,
so sehe ich mich doch nicht im Stande, es einigermassen
vollstandig zu liefern, hauptsachlich deswegen nicht, weil in
den Schriflen das Vaterland oft nur ungenau angegeben ist,
und weil sich namentlich in vielen Fallen schwer entscheiden
lassen durfte, ob der Verbreitungsbezirk Chilesischer Arten
sich auch auf Peru ausdehne.

So entledige ich mich der ubernommenen Verpflichtung
gegen Herrn Dr. v. Tschudi durch das folgende Verzeich-
niss seiner Sammlung, und glaube es durch einige einge-
streute Bemerkungen, und durch die Abbildungen der neuen
Arten des Druckes werth zu machen. .Ich folge in der Auf-
zahlung meinem in der dritten Auflage von Wiegmann's Hand-

152 Troschel:

- buch der Zoologie zuerst aufgestellten Sysleme mit den Ab-
anderungen in der Stellung einzelner Gattungen , die sich
seitdem nothwendig gemachl haben.

Gasteropoda,

Leider befinden sich in der Sammlung weder Cephalo-
poden, noch Pteropoden oder Heteropoden, wie denn tiber-
haupt nur wenige Stiicke in Weingeist aufbewahrt sind.

Pulmonata operciilata.

Es ist mir wohl eingewandt worden, es sei ein Fehler
meines Systems, dass die Deckel - Lungenschnecken so weit
von den anderen Lungenschnecken getrennt seien, indessen
beide Abtheilungen haben in der That nichts weiter mit ein-
ander gemein, als dass sie durch Lungen athmen. So habe
ich beide Abtheilungen an die Spitze gestellt, die eine an die
Spitze der Schnecken mit getrenntem Geschlechte, die andere
an die Spitze der Zwitterschnecken. Sie sind einander ana-
log in verschiedenen Reihen.

Fam. Cyclostomacea.
1) Cyclotus translucidus Pfr.

Cyclostoma translucidum Sow. Thes. I. p. 106. pi. 23. fig. 4.
Cyclostoma translucidum Pfeiffer Kuster's Conch. -Cab. Taf. 1.

Fig. 8—10.
Cyclotus translucidus Pfeiffer Zeitschr. fur Malakozool. 1851.

p. 133.

,,In den Waldern von Uchubamba." Drei abgeriebene
Exemplare ohne Deckel, jedoch sicher zu bestimmen.

Ctenobraiicliiata.

Von der grossen Ordnung der Cuvier's'chen Kammkie-
mer miissen unzweifelhaft die Neritaceen und Trochoiden aus-
geschieden werden. Sie besitzen keine kammformige Kieme,
dieselbe ist vielmehr federformig und frei in der Kiemenhohle
flottirend; sie haben gestielte Augen, wahrcnd bei den ech-
ten Kammkiemern die Augen sitzend sind, und ihre Zunge
ist ganz abweichend gebildet. Ich habe sie *) mit den Ha-

1) Wiegmann's Handbuch der Zoologie. 3. Aufl. p. 553.

Verzeichniss d. dnrch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 153

liotiden und Fissurellaceen zu einer besonderen Ordnung ver-
einigt. Nachdem die Kammkiemer von diesen fremden Be-
standtheilen gereinigt sind , enthalten sie doch noch eine
grosse Anzahl von Familien, die ich nach der auffallenden
Verschiedenheit ihrer Mundtheile in drei Gruppen gebracht
habe. Die einen haben keinen ausstiilpbaren Russel, sondern
nur eine vorstehende Schnauze, in welcher eine bandformige
Zunge liegt, auf deren Oberflache sich (mit einziger Aus-
nahme von Coriocella) sieben Langsreihen von Flatten un-
terscheiden lassen (Taenioglossata); die andern haben einen
ausstulpbaren Russel, in welchem eine meist kleine bandfor-
mige Zunge liegt, die meist eine geringere Zahl von Haken
auf ihrer Oberflache tragt (Proboscidea) ; endlich drittens
weicht eine kleine Zahl von Gattungen auf das seltsamste
dadurch ab, dass in ihrem Munde zwei Reihen von hohlen,
kanallormigen Stacheln sich fmden, die mit ihrem hinteren
Ende an einem Muskelfaden befestigt sind und aus dem Munde
vvie Pfeile hervorgeschnellt werden konnen. Ich habe sie
deshalb Toxoglossata genannt. Bei manchen sind sogar die
Stacheln an ihrem Ende , wie die Zunge der Spechte , mit
Wiederhaken versehen. Die Vermuthung Love n's, dass sie
giftig seien , scheint sich zu bestatigen, denn Adams er-
zahlt !)> dass der Kapitian Belcher von einem Conus aulicus
gebissen sei , als er ihn aus dem Wasser zog , was eine
schmerzhafte Geschwulst veranlasste. Da in dieser Gruppe
sich Gattungen ohne ausstulpbaren Russel (Conus) mit sol-
chen die einen derartigen Russel besitzen (Pleuroloma), ver-
einigen, so habe ich sie zwischen die beiden anderen Grup-
pen geslellt.

Taenioglossata.

Fam. Potamophila.
2) Paludestrina culminea d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voyage dans 1'Amer. mer. Mollusques p. 386. no.
272. pi. 47. fig. 10—12.

1) Narrative of the Voyage of II. 31. S. fcamarang during the
Years 1843 — 46. employed surveying the Islands of the eastern Ar-
chipelago by Capt. Sir Edwards Belcher, p. 356. Vergl. dies Archiv.
1850. II. p. 119.

154 Troschel:

Offenbar 1st es ein Druckfehler, wenn bei d'Orbigny 1. c.
zu dieser Art Fig. 17—21 derselben Tafel gezogen werden.
— Die Exemplare sind in Weingeist aufbewahrt, und es 1st
mir gelungen, trotz der Kleinheit des Thieres , mich von dem
Vorhandensein der beiden rudimentaren Kiefer, die kleine
aus feinen langlichen Schuppchen zusammengesetzte Flatten,
sehr ahnlich wie bei Paludina, bilden, zu uberzeugen. Die
Zunge habe ich zwar gesehen , doch liessen sich ihre ein-
zelnen Theile nicht genau beobachten.

3) Melania Largillierti Phil.

Philippi Abbild. u. Bescbr. Melania tab. II. fig. 10.
, ,,Beim Flusse von Acobamba."
Fam. Littorinacea.

4) Littorina fasciata Gray.

Philippi Abbild. Bd. II. Littorina tab. V. fig. 1.2.

,Peru.«

5) Littorina varia Sow.

Philippi Abbild. Bd. II. Littorina tab. I. fig. 2.3.

6) Littorina zebra Phil.

Phasianella peruviana Lam. Hist. d. anim. s. vert, tome IX p.
243. no. 5.

Littorina peruviana d'Orb. Voy. Mollusques p. 393. pi. 53.
fig. 5-7. '

Philippi Abbild. Bd. II. Littorina tab. III. fig. 16.

Es ist mir gelungen , aus den eingetrockneten Thieren
die ganze Zunge herauszuprapariren. Sie hat eineLange von
74 Mill, (zu deutsch 2Zoll 10y3 Lin. rheinl.) bei einerLange
der Schale von 18 Mill. Die Zunge ist hinter der Mund-
masse uriregelmassig zusammengewickelt.

,,Peru.«

7) Littorina paytensis PhH.

Philippi Abbild. II. Littorina tab. HI fig 25

8} Rissoina inca d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Amer. mer. Mollusques p. 395. pi. 53. fig.

9) Rissoina sulcifera Nob. nov. spec,
(Taf. V. Fig. 1.)

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 155

R. testa turrita, crassa, transversim profunde sulcata;
anfractibus convexiusculis sutura profunda divisis ; sulcis trans-
versis 4 in anfractibus superioribus, 10 in ultimo , basalibus
angustioribus, caeteris aeque distantibus. 12 mill.

Die d'Orbigny'sche Gattung Rissoina zeichnet sich
so auffallend durch die kanalartige Ausbucht am Grunde der
Miindung, und durch den Deckel, welcher dem derNeritinen
gleicht, aus, dass ich ihr, mit Philip pi 0* den Rang eines
Genus einraume. Die Stellung (Tieser Gattung muss zweifel-
haft bleiben bis zur Kenntniss des Thieres, und ich lasse sie
vorlaufig bei Rissoa stehen, von der sie d'O r b i g n y nur als
Untergattung geschieden hat.

Diese neue Art unterscheidet sich leicht durch die tiefen
Furchen, welche denWindungen folgen, und durch den vol-
ligen Mangel von Langs-Rippen oder Langsstreifen. Die Schale
besteht aus 8 Windungen, die wenig convex sind, die aber
durch eine ziemlich tiefe Naht von einander getrennt werden,
was dadurch entsteht> dass jede Windung sich dicht unter
der vierten Furche an die vorhergehende Windung anlegt.
Von den Windungen der Spira tragt jede regelmassig vier
schmale aber tiefe Furchen; die letzte Windung hat deren
zehn, von denen die an der Basis verlaufenden enger stehen
als die iibrigen. Die Zwischenraume zvvischen den Furchen
sind iiberall glatt , und an dem ganzen Gewinde flach, nur
am Grunde, wo die Furchen enger stehen , werden sie mehr
gewolbt. Die letzte Windung riimmt den dritten Theil der
Hohe der ganzen Schale ein. Die Miindung ist eiformig. Das
Labrum ist nicht verdickt, mit dem Spindelrande durch eine
glanzende Columellar-Platte verbunden. Die Spindel zeigt ub'er
der runden Ausbucht an der Basis eine sanfte schwieligeAn-
schwellung. — Die Farbe erscheint graulich gelb. Das ein-
zige Exemplar ist jedoch iiberall durch kleine Vertiefungen
wie angefressen, und scheint langere Zeit am Strande gele-
gen zu haben. • • Die Hohe des ganzen Gehauses betragt
12 Mill. , der Durchmesser der letzten Windung 4 Mill. , die
Hohe der Mundung 3y2 Mill., dieBreite der Miindung 2 Mill,

1) Zeitschr. fur Malakozoologie. 1848, p. 14.

156 Troschel:

10) Turritella calif ornica Brod.

Turritella Broderipiana d'Orb. Voy. Moll. p. 388. no. 79.
Turritella, marmorata Kiener p. 23. no. 17. pi. 8. fig. 1.

D'Orbigny andert a. a. 0. den Namen californica,
well eine Schnecke, die in Peru lebe , nicht so heissen diirfe,
ein Grundsatz, dem ich nicht beipflichten kann, weil er nur
die Namen vermehrt, und Verwirrung anrichtet.

,Peru.«

11) Turritella cingulata gow.
d'Orbigny. Voy. Moll. p. 588. no. 278.

,,Peru.«

12) Solarium granulatum Lam.

Lamarck Hist. nat. d. anim. s. vert. 2. edit. IX. p. 98. no. 2.
Kiener p. 4. no. 2. pi. 2. fig. 2.

Da das vorliegende Exemplar nicht ausdrucklich von
Herrn v. Tschudi als von Peru stammend, bezeichnet ist,
so muss ich es zweifelhaft lassen, ob die Art wirklich dort
lebt. — In diese Familie der Littorinaceen setze ich diese
Gattung in Folge eigener Untersuchung. Sie gehort nach der
Beschaffenheit derZunge, der Kiemen, der Augen, der Schnauze
hierher, und hat in alien diesen Organen keine Aehnlichkeit
mil den Trochoiden, denen man sie fruher allgemein zuzahlte,

Fam. Capuloidea.

Diese Cuviersche Familie gehort unzweifelhaft unter
diejenigen Taenioglossen, welche keinen Sipho besitzen. Die
hierher gehorigen Galtungen haben sehr lange fadenformige
Kiemenblatter , welche in einer Reihe nahe dem Rande des
Mantels angeheftet sind, und in das Innere der vorn weit
offenen Kiemenhohle hineinragen. Auf der Zunge stehen 7
Langsreihen von Flatten; von diesen zeichnen sich beson-
ders die der Mittelplatte zunachst stehenden, die ich Zwischen-
platten nenne, durch ihre Breite aus; die beiden ausseren
Plalten jeder Querreihc sind stachelartig.

13) Calyptraea (Trochatella) trochiformis d'Orb.

Calyptraea radians Desh. Lamarck 2. edit. VII. p. 626. no. 8.
d'Orb. Voy. Moll. p. 461. pi. 59. fig.3.

14) Crepidnla perumana Lam.
Lamarck 2. 6dit. VII. p. 644. no. 6.

Verzeichniss d. (lurch v. Tscbudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 157

15) Crepidula exeat' ata Brod.

Erode rip Transact, zool. soc. t. 1. p. 225. pi. 29. fig. 7.
Lamarck 2. edit. VII. p. 649. no. 19.

Fam. Sigaretina.

Diese Familie, in welche die Gatlungen Sigarelus, Na-
tica und Narica (von letztercf habe ich das Thier nicht un-
tersuchen koimen) gehoren, hat das Schicksal gehabt, mehr-
fach umhergeworfen zu warden. Durch eigene Untersuchung
mehrerer Arten der Gattungen Natica und Sigaretus habe ich
nrich iiberzeugt, dass beide Gattungen in eine Familie geho-
ren, und dass sie ihren Platz unter den Taenioglossen neh-
men mussen, unter denen sie eine recht ausgezeichnete Fa-
milie bilden. Hire Kiemen liegen an der dorsalen Wand der
Kiemenhohle, und'Hehmen hier eine Langsrichlung ein ; bei
Natica (glaucina) habe ich zwei Kiemcnreihen gefunden, von
denen die linke kurz, S-formig gebogen und aus kleinen Kie-
menblattchen zusammengesetzt , die rechte lang und aus brei-
ten Lamellen gebildet ist; bei Sigaretus (laevis) habe ich
drei Kiemenreihen gefunden , von denen die linke aus klei-
nen Blattchen besteht, obgleich sie an Lange den anderen
Kiemenreihen wenig nachstehl , die Lappchen der rechten
Reihe sind die breitesten. Die Zunge tragt sieben Langsrei-
hen vonZahnen, Loven hat sie vonN. pulchella abgebildet;
ich habe mehrere Arten untersucht. Die Zwischenzahne sind
breit, die Seitenzahne stachelartig, wodurch sich diese Thiere
an die Familie der Capuloiden anschliessen. Zwei verhalt-
massig grosse Kiefer sind vorhanden, die recht eigenthiim-
lich sind, indem sie Flatten darstellen, die aus zahlreichen
mosaikartig aneinander gereihten Stiicken zusammengesetzt
sind. Zu bewundern ist es, dass die Gattung Natica noch
nicht in eine grossere Anzahl von Gattungen zerfallt ist, wozu
die Verschiedenheiten der Gestalt , des Nabels , des Deckels
u. s. w. auffallend herausfordern.

16) Natica uber Humb.

D'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 401. no. 297. pi. 55. fig. 12-14.
Das vorliegende Exemplar besitzt noch zum grossen
Theil eine dunkelbraune Epidermis.

158 Troschel:

17) Natica elongata Nob.
(Taf. V. Tig. 2.)

? Natica puella Philippi Chemnitz neues Conchylien -Cabinet
herausg. v. Kusler. Natica Taf. X. Fig. 7.

Testa elongalo-ovata, lactea, subnitida; anfractibus 4 vix
convexis, suturis impressis; spira quartam testae altitudinis
partem subaequans , obtusa; apertura semicircularis angulo
superiore incrassato ; umbilicus mediocris pervius, labio incras-
sato subangustatus.

Diese Art kann mit Natica uber Humb. , cora d'Orb.,
Philippiana Nyst (acuta Phil.) und virginea Reel, verglichen
werden, unterscheidet sichjedoch von ihnen alien durch die
langstreckigere Gestalt. Die oben citirte Abbildung, die frei-
lich bisher ohrie Text ist, stilnmt so gut mit dem vorliegen-
den Exejnplare uberein, dass ich sie dafur nehmen zu konnen
glaube. Das Tschudi'sche Exemplar ist zwar so gross, wie
die etwas vergrosserte citirte Abbildung, indessen die Grosse
allein darf ja nicht als Differenz gelten. Das Vaterland der
Philippi'schen Art kenne ich nicht. Ich hatte friiher diese
Schnecke nebst einigen anderen meinem Freunde Philippi
zur Ansicht gesendet, und er hat sie fraglich als neue Art
bezeichnet. Das fiel jedoch gerade in eine Zeit , wo er in
Cassel durch andcrweitige Verhaltnisse so irt Anspruch ge-
nommen war, dass die Notizeh, welche er mir zu machen
die Freundliehkeit hatle, nur als sehr fliichtige von ihm selbst
bezeichnet wurden. Urn nun fiir den Fall , dass diese Art
wirklich neu, und nicht mit der oben citirten Philippi'schen
identisch sein sollte , der Verwirrung vorzubeugen , so gebe
ich hier aufs Neue eine Abbildung in naturlicher Grosse,
und nenne sie vorlaufig elongata.

Die Schale hat eine eiformige Gestalt und ist ziemlich
genau anderthalbmal so hoch wie breit; sie ist milchweiss,
wenig glanzend und ist durch einige unregelmassige Runzeln,
die dem Labrum parallel laufen, uneben, was jedoch indivi-
duell sein mag. Sie besteht aus vier Windungen, von denen
die letzte % der ganzen Hohe einnimmt; das Gewinde ragt'
als eine slumpfe Spitze hervor>und hat deutliche Nahte. Die
Mundung liegt schief gegen die Axe und ist halbkreisformig,
doppelt so hoch wie breit; ihr Spindelrand ist geradlinig.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 159

Sie wird durch eine starke Verdickung im oberen Winkel
sehr verengt, so dass sie nur halb so hoch ist wie die Schale.
Der Nabel ist durchgehend, offen, nicht sehr weit. Hohe 18
Mill., grosser Durchmesser 13 Mill. , kleiner Durchraesser 10
Mill. Hohe der Miindung mil Einschluss der schwidigen Ver-
dickung 14 Mill. Hohe der Mundoffnung 10 Mill., Breite der
Mundoffnung 5 Mill.

18) Natica alveata Nob.
(Taf.V. Fig. 3.)

Testa globoso-ovata, lactea, nitida, anfractibus 6, supe-
rioribus subplanis , ultimo maximo convexo, suturis non pro-
fundis; spira brevis oclavam partem testae vix superans;
apertura semicircularis, angulo superiore incrassato angustata;
umbilicus nullus ; callus umbilicaris supra crassissimus, prope
marginem colurttellarem subrectum, bicarinatum, impressione
instructus , loco umbilici impressione profunda.

Auch diese Art habe ich meinem Freunde Phi lip pi
zur Ansicht vorgelegt , er schickte sie mir als N. virginea
Phil, bestimmt, und mit der hinzugefugten Bemerkung zu-
ruck : ,,von der achlen mammilla durch den Eindruck am Rande
der Columella verschieden." Bei der Vergleichung mit der
Abbildung seiner N. virginea bei Kuster Taf. XII. Fig. 7.
ergiebt sich jedoch , dass ich sie nicht dafur halten kann ;
namentlich ist dort die Mundung viel hdher, betragt mehr als
% der ganzen Hohe der Schale, wahrend dieselbe an dem vor-
liegenden Exemplare nur die Ha'lfte betragt, ferner liegt der
Nabeleindruck bei unserem Exemplare viel weiter nach unten.
Da nun die citirte Abbildung nicht so recht mit der vorlie-
genden Schale passen will, und da die Philippi'sche Art,
so viel mir bekannt, noch ohne Beschreibung ist, auch die
Art, fur welche Philippi selbst unser Exemplar bestimmt
hat, umgetauft werden muss, da Recluz inzwischen (Jour-
nal de Conchyliologie 1850. p. 388. pi. XII. fig. 6.) eine an-
dere Art N. virginea genannt hat, so bilde ich unser Exem-
plar unter dem obigen Namen ab.

Die milchweisse , glanzende Schale hat eine kuglig
eiformige Gestalt. Die Spira ragt als eine kleine Spitze aus der
lezten Windung hervor, sie betragt etwa den 8ten Theil der
ganzen Hohe. Die Nahte sind sehr flach, und die Windun-

ItiO Troschel:

gen der Spira kaum gewolbt. Die letzte Windung ist sehr
bauchig. Die Miindung ist durch die Columellarschwiele stark
verengt, so dass ihre Oefftwng nur die Halfte der Hohe der
ganzen Schale erreicht. Besonders im obern Winkel der Man-
dung ragt die Columellarschwiele stark ho'ckerartig hervor.
Sehr ausgezeichnet ist der Columellarrand , indem er nicht
wie bei N. mammilla einfach abgerundet ist, sondern gleich-
sam wie abgeschnitten : auf der Kante zeigen sich zwei stum-
pfe Kanten zwischen denen eine wenig vertiefte Flache fast
in der ganzen La'nge des Spindelrandes verlauft. Neben der
Mitte dieses fast geradlinigen Columellarrandes liegt parallel
mit ihm eine Vertiefung auf der Columellarschwiele , die etwa
die halbe Lange des Spindelrandes hat (sie ist 9 Mill, lang und
3 Mill, breit) und ist gleichmassig muldenformig ausgehohlt,
auch vollig gerade, nicht gebogen. Unter d«r Schwiele fin-
det sich ein ziemlich tiefer Eindruck, der die Stelle des
nicht vorhandenen Nabels anzeigt; Gestalt und Lage des-
selben lasst sich besser in der Zeichnung ausdriicken als
beschreiben. — Hohe Ai Mill., Grosser Durchmesser 33 Mill.,
kleiner Durchmesser 25 Mill, Hohe dpr Mundoffnung 22 Mill,
Breite desselben 13 Mill. »)
19) Natica unifasciata Lam.

Lamarck. Hist. d. anira. s. vert. 2. edit. VIII. p. 640.

Kuster's ConchyL.Cab. II. 1. Taf. 12. Fig. 5.

Das Labrum ist innen am Rande kastanienbraun gefarbt.

20) Natica undata Phil.

Kuster's Conchyl.-Cab. II. I. Taf. 11. Fig. 12.

Es scheint mir hier iiberflussig, auf die Frage einzu-

1) Im Bonner Museum liegen, mit N. mammilla zusammen, zwei
kleinere Exemplare , welche viele Aehnlichkeit mit der eben beschrie-
benen Art haben : sie besitzen auch die zwei Kanten am Spindelrande und
die Vertiefung neben demselben; letzterer ist jedoch etwas gekrummt
und nicht so gleichmassig ausgehohlt, ganz als wenn er mit dem Na-
gel des linken Daumens in Wachs eingedruckt ware. Da auch die er-
slen Windungen starker gewSlbt sind, so halte ich sie fur specifisch
verschieden. Sollten sie der N. virginea Phil, angehoren? Ich nenne
sie vorlauBg N. vellicata, um die Aehnlichkeit des Schwieleneindrucks
mil einem Nageleindruck beim Kratzen anzuzeigen.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 161

gehen, ob man beide Formen, N. unifasciata und undata, zu
N. maroccana Chemn. ziehe miisse_ (Vergl. Koch in Zeitschr.
fur Malakozoologie 1844. p. 151.). Von N. undata Phil. 1st
ein Deckel vorhanden. Er ist kalkig, besteht aus drei Win-
dungen , tragt an dem der Spindel anliegenden , fast gerad-
linigen, etwas verdickten Rande feine, senkrechte, granu-
lirle Runzeln; am Lippenrande ist er aussen durch eine dicht
neben und langs dem Rande verlaufende Furche gesaumt.
,,Peru."

21) Natica glauca Humb.

Lamarck Anim. s. vert. 2. edit. VIII. p. 651. no. 42.

22) Sigaretus Cymba Menke.

Sigaretus concavus Sowerby Gen. of shells. Sigarelus fig. 1.
Sigaretus Cymba Menke Synopsis Moll. p. 146.
Sigaretus Grayi Desh. Lamarck 2. edit. IX. p. 12. no. 6.
Sigaretus cymba d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 404. pi. 57. fig. 3. 4.
Sigaretus maximus Philip pi Abbild. I. p. 143. Tab. I. Fig. 1.

Fam. Cerithiacea.

Die Familie der Cerithiaceen gehort in die Abtheilung
der Bandziingler. Die Zunge tragt sieben Langsreihen von
Flatten, die alle am Rande gezahnelt sind; auch zwei rudimen-
tare Oberkiefer, aus zarten Schuppen zusammengesetzt, sind
vorhanden; kein vorstreckbarer Riissel. In der Kiemenhohle
liegen zwei Reihen breiter Kiemenblatler in der Langsrich-
tung des Thieres nebeneinarider ; die Blatter der linken Reihe
erheben sich so, dass ihre Hohe grosser ist als ihre Breite,
die Blatter der rechten Reihe dagegen sind niedrig, viel
niedrieger als brett (Cerithium vulgatum). Die Augenstiele
sind mit den Fiihlern verwachsen, so dass die Augen etwa
in der Mitte der Fuhler auf einem ausseren Absatz liegen.
Die Gattung Planaxis gehort unzweifelhaft hieher und in die
nachste Nahe von Cerithium , ja mir scheinen Planaxis und
Cerithium noch naher verwandt, als Cerithium und Potamides.
Die Bemerkungen, welche Deshayes uber die Verwandt-
schaft von Planaxis mit Littorina, Melania, Melanopsis macht,
sind richtig, weil alle diese in die Abtheilung der Bandzung-
ler gehoren. Es ist jedoch nicht recht zu begreifen , dass
noch Niemand die nahe Verwandtschaft zwischen Planaxis

Archiv f. Nalurgcsch. XVIII. Jahrg. 1. Bd. \ {

162 Troschel:

und Cerithium erkannt hat, da ja sogar die Schalen so ahn-
lich sind. Auch die Aehnlichkeit der anatomischen Charak-
tere (Schnauze, Zunge, Kiemen u. s. w.) kann ich bestati-
gen; auch die Deckel sind ganz ahnlich. Ich habe bereits
in der dritten Auflage von Wiegmanns Handbuch der Zoo-
logic (1848) die Gattung Planaxis der Farnilie der Cerithia-
ceen einverleibt.

23) Cerithium maculosum Kien.

Kiener Species general p. 36. no. 25. pi. 13. fig. '3.
Lamarck 1. c. 2. edit. IX. p. 312. no. 45.

24) Cerithium varicosum Sow.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 30. fig. 2.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 321. no. 60.

25) Cerithium Montagnei d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 443. no. 374. pi. 63. fig. 3. 4.
»Peru.«

26) Planaxis ebeninus Menke?

Diese Art 1st mir von Phi lip pi als Planaxis ebeninus
Menke bestimmt worden, ich wiisste jedoch nicht, wo ^iese
beschrieben sein sollte. Sie ist eiformig mit spitzem Gewinde ;
6 Windungen; die drd ersten Windungen sirid glanzend,
glatt, braun, abgerieben, die iibrigen sind von starken Lei-
sten umgeben; auf der vorletzten und drittletzten Windung
sind je vier solcher Leisten , die hier schmaler sind als die
Furchen zwischeh ihnen, sichlbar; auf der letzten Windung
sind deren neun vorhanden, sie werden hier breiter als die
zwischenliegenden Furchen, und auf ihrer Oberflache platt.
Die ganze Schale ist mit einer Epidermis iiberzogen, die im
unversehrten Zustande aus zahlreichen, ausserst feinen, dem
Mundrande parallelen Lamellen besteht, welche iiber Leisten
und Furchen ohne Unterbrechung fortgehen; meist sind je-
doch die vorspringenden Leisten abgerieben , glanzend ka-
stanienbraun, und die Epidermis beschrankt sich dann nur
auf die tiefer liegenden Furchen. Auf dem Riicken gemes.
sen, nimmt die letzte Windung zwei Drittel der ganzen Schale
ein; gegen den Miindungsrand senkt sich jedoch die obere
Naht der letzten Windung ein wenig herab, so dass die Hohe
der Mundung nur die Halfle der Schale einnimmt. Die Mtin-

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 163

dung 1st langlich rund ; die Spindelwand ist eingedruckt, die
Spindel selbst kaum merklich gefaltet ; im oberen Mundwinkel
liegt eine dicke Kalkschwiele , die den oberen Mundwinkel
zu einem schmalen Kanale verengt; der Sipho ist ein schma-
ler tiefer Kanal ; die Aussenlippe ist stark vorgezogen, scharf,
innen mit Fallen besetzt , die sich tief in das Innere fortset-
jsen. — Die Farbe der Epidermis ist ein mattes Graubraun;
da, wo sie abgerieben ist, erscheint die Spalle glanzend ka-
stanienbraun. Das Innere der Mundung ist weiss. — Hohe
22 Mill. ; grosser Durchmesser 13 Mill., kleiner Durchmesser
10 Mill. Hohe der Mundung ll'/2 Mill.
,,Peru.a

Fam. Alata.

27) Strombus gibberulus Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 697. no. 14.

Kiener 1. c. p. 37. no. 28. pi. 28. fig. 1. pi. 33. fig. 5.

28) Strombus luhuanus Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 698. no. 15.
Kiener 1. c. p. 39. no. 30. pi. 27. fig. 1.

Beide vorliegende Exemplare sind, wenigstens auf der
letzten Windung, mit einer rauhen Epidermis bekleidet , die
gelblichbraun ist mit dunkleren mehr rothlichen Querbinden.
Fam. Involuta.

Dass die Gattung Cypraea , welche den Stamm dieser
Familie bildet, zur Gruppe Taenioglossata gehort, ist bereits
durch die Abbildung der Zunge von Cypraea helvola und
europaea bei Loven ') bewiesen. Ich kann es ausserdem
durch die eigne Untersuchung von C. arabica bestatigen. Da
diese Art sich auch unter der Tsch udi'schen Sammlung
befmdet, so scheint es mir nicht unpassend, ihre Zunge hier
abzubilden und naher zu beschreiben (s. unten). Zweifel-
haft ist mir die Stellung der Gatlung Ovula. Ich habe Ovula
gibbosa untersuchen konnen, leider abcr an einem so un-
vollkommen conservirlen Exemplare, dass ich die Flatten der
Zunge nicht in situ, sondern ganz ungeordnet durcheinander-
liegend antraf. Sie haben aber eine so seltsame Gestalt,

!•) Ovfersigt af Kongl. Yetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 1848. tab. 4.

164 Troschel:

dass ich ihrer beilaufig erwahnen will , da sie bisher noch
nicht beobachtet sind. Sie stellen elwa dreieckige Flatten
dar, deren eine Seite eine Reihe sehr feiner fadenformiger,
am Ende gabeliger Zahne tragt, deren sich an verschiedenen
Flatten 20—70 zahlen lassen (Vergl. Taf. VII. Fig. 6}. Aus-
serdem fmden sich kleinere stark gekrummte Haken. Wie
sich diese auf der unversehrten Zunge ordnen, kann nur durch
fernere Beobachtimg ermittelt werden. Dass 'die Gattung
Oliva nicht in diese Familie gehort , ja nicht einmal zu den
Taenioglossen, habe ich an einer Oliva peruviana, welche das
Berliner Museum durch Herrn v. Winterfeldt aus Peru
erhalten hat, nachweisen konnen. (S unten).

29) Cypraea tigris Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 502. no. 15.

30) Cypraea cervinetta Kiener.
Kiener Spec. gen. Cypraea pi. VI. iig. 1. 2.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 547. no. 71.

31) Cypraea mauritiana Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. X. 492. no. 5.

32) Cypraea arabica Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 495. no. 7.

Die Zunge von C. arabica (Taf. VII. Fig. 1.) tragt
sieben Langsreihen von kastanienbraun gefarbten Flatten. Jede
Plalte (a) der Mittelreihe ist eiformig, mit wenig ausgeschweif-
ten Seitenrandern ; der Vorderrand schlagt sich nach oben
und hinten um, und hat einen kraftigen Mittelzahn und je-
derseits einen kleineren Zahn am vordern Aussenwinkcl. Die
Zwischenplatten (6) sind vierseitig mit ausgeschweifter In-
nen- und Hinterseite; der umgeschlagene Vorderrand lauft
in einen starken , schrag nach innen gerichteten Hauptzahn,
und zwei kleine jederseits neben ihm liegende Zahne aus.
Die beiden Seitenplatten (c und c?) sind schmaler und ihre
vorderen Hauptzahne sind fast rechtwinklig nach innen ge-
bogen , so dass sie mehr stachelarlig erscheinen.

33) Cypraea Lynx Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 513. no. 29.

34) Cypraea felina Gmel.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 33. fig. 3.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 560. no. 89.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tsclmdi in Peru gesammelt. Conchy 1. 165

35) Cypraea caput serpentis Linn. Var.

Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 21.
36} Cypraea radians Lam.

Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 540. no. 62.

Kiener 1. c. pi. 23. fig. 3.

Dies ist die einzige von alien aufgezahlten Cypraeen,
bei denen Herr v. Tschudi ausdrucklich das Vaterland be-
merkt hat; daher darf es fur die iibrigen nicht vollig ausge-
macht gelten, dass sie an der Kiiste von Peru gelebt haben.
In diesenv Zweifel werde ich durch d'Orbigny's Angabe
CVoy. Moll. p. 415), dass es in Sudamerika nur eine Art,
C. nigropunctata Gray, gebe, bestarkt.

Toxoglossata.

Fam. Co no idea.

37) Conns marmoreus Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. XI. p. V7. no. 1.

38) Conus vermiculalus Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. XI. p. 22. no. 17.
Martini Conchyl.-Cab. II. fig. 699— 700.
Conus hebraeus Var. Kiener 1. c. pi. 8. fig. 3.

39) Conus purpurascens B r o d.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 39. fig. 2.
Lamarck 1. c. XI. p. 134. no. 193.

Da Herr v. Tschudi keine ausdruckliche Angabe uber
das Vaterland dieser drei Arten gemacht hat, so darf ihr
Vorkommen in Peru nicht sicher behauptel werden. Da als
Vaterland des Conus purpurascens Panama angegeben wird,
so lasst sich leicht annehmen , dass diese Art auch an den
Kusten Peru's gefunden worden sei.

Proboscidea*

Fam. Volutacea.

40) Marginella Sapotilla Hinds.

Sowerby Thesaurus Vol. I. p, 383. tab. 77. fig. 150. 151.

41) Marginella curia Sow, •
Sowerby Thesaurus I. p. 397. tab. 76. fig. 88. 89.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 7. fig. 30.

Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 4i8. no. 29.

166 Troschel:

42) Mitra episcopalis Lam.

L amarck 1. c. X. p. 297. no. 1.

Es handelt sich hier urn die Varietal, von welcher D c s-
hayes bei Lamarck 1. c. in der Anmerkung meint, dass
sie vielleicht als besondere Art unterschieden werden konnte.

43) Mitra pontificalis Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 300. no. 3,

44) Mitra terebralis Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 306. no. 11.

45) Mitra maura Brod.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 427. no. 336. pi. 60. fig. 9. 10.

Fam. 01 i vac ea.

Die grosse Gattung Oliva wurde friiher gewohnlich mil
Cypraea zu einer Familie vereinigt. Ich muss nach Unter-
suchung der Mundtheile Herrn Gray *) beistimmen, der in
seiner systematischen Anordnung der Gasteropoden a. a. 0.
ganz nach meinem Principe verfahrt, und gestiitzt auf rei-
ches Material und vollstandige Literatur, dort viel Vortreff-
liches niedergelegt hat , wenn gleich sich in Einzelnheiten
doch manche Irrthiimer eingeschlichen haben; namentlich hat
er haufig die Mundtheile einzelner Arten als Farniliencharaktere
hingestellt, wahrend er bei der Untersuchung vieler Arten
in die Lage gekommen sein wiirde , entweder mehrere Fa-
milien zu trennen, oder die Familiencharaktere anders zu fas-
sen. Ich muss demselben darin beistimmen, dass er die Gat-
tungen Oliva und Ancillaria zu einer Gruppe vereinigt, die
er in die Nahe der Buccineen bringt , glaube aber, dass er
zu weit geht, wenn er diese Gruppe geradezu mit ihnen in
eine Familie stellt. Ich habe die Zunge von Oliva peruana
nach einem Exemplar, welches das Berliner Museum durch
Herrn v. Winterfeldt ausPeru erhalten hatte, untersucht,
und gebe hier davon (Taf. VII. Fig. 2.) eine Abbildung.

46) Olica reticularis Lam.

Martini Conc-hyl.-Cab. II. fig. 489.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 613.

Die Martinisclfe Figur, die bei Lamarck nicht ci-

1) Figures of Molluscous animals cet, Vol. I. p. 72.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tsclmdi in f eru gesammelt. Conchyl. 167

tirt 1st, passt sehr gut, sie wird von Anton, Kuster und
Pfeiffer l) zu 0. reticularis gezogen.

8Peru.a
47) Oliva erythrostoma Lam. 2)

Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 606. no. 3.

48) Oliva pantherina Phil.

Philip pi Abbild. u. Beschr. III. 3. Oliva. Tab. 1. fig. 1.

49) Oliva Peruviana Lam.

Lamarck 1. c. X p. 617. no. 28.

Diese Art ist in mehreren Varietaten vorhanden: ein
Exemplar hat einen so scharfen Kiel , dass es sich von 0.
coniformis Phil. (Abb. III. 3. Oliva Tab. I. Fig. 7.) nur durch
die weisse Farbung der Mundung unterscheidet. Ein ande-
res Exemplar ist braunlich gelb, ungefleckt, mit zwei schwach
ausgepragten, etwas dunkleren Binden, schlanker als irgend
ein anderes, hat einen scharfen, innen dunkelbraun gefarb-
ten Muudrand und eine braunlich violelt gefarbte Spindel.
Von P'hilippi, dem ich sie zur Ansicht mitgetheilt hatte,
erhielt ich sie mit der Bezeichnung zuriick : ^Oliva peruviana.
Auffallend die violette Spindel. a

Die Zunge von Oliva peruviana (s. Taf. VII. Fig. 2.)
tra'gt drei Langsreihen von Flatten. Die^ Mittelpaltten sind
kurz und breit, vorn concav und hinten convex, und tragen
am Hinterrande drei Zahne , von denen der mittelste der
kleinste ist. Die Seitenplalten sind dreiseitig, hoher als breit
und laufen in eine zahnartige Spitze aus; ihre Rander sind
ganzrandig. Die hintereinander liegenden Seitenplatten decken
sich so , dass beim Durchscheinen sammllicher Rander der
Anschein entsteht, als wenn viele kleine Rhomben mosaikar-
tig neben einander lagen.

50) Olii-a (jranilella Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p 614. no, 18.

.Peru."

1) Krilisches Kegislti /n Aliirlini rnd Chemnilz p. 14.

2J Audi Oliva porphyria Lam findet sich in der Sammluug ; Hr.
v. Tschudi hat sic aber mil ,,wahrscheinlich von den Sandwicjiin-
seln" bezeichtiet.

168 Troschel:

51) Oliva hiatula Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 627. no. 52.
Agaronia hiatula Gray Beechey's Voy.

Hiatula Lamarckii Swains. Zool. Illuslr. II. t. 2. pi. 76. fig. 2.

52) Oliva volutella Lam.
Lamarck I. c. X. p. 623.

Diese Art gehort der Gattung Olivella Swains. = Oli-
vina d'Orb. an. Der Deckel ist an zweien der vorliegenden
Exemplare vorhanden. Er ist lang und schmal, 7 Mill, lang
und 2kMill. breit, hat einen geraden der Spindel im Zustande
der Zuruckgezogenheit der Thieres anliegenden Rand , der
ein wenig verdickt erscheint, und einen unregelmassig gebo-
genen Rand, der sehr diinn, durchscheinend und unregel-
massig gekerbt ist. Gray J) nennt den Deckel in der Cha-
rakteristik der Gattung ^distinct, half -ovate; nucleus subapi-
cal«; ich kann jedoch keine so deutliche Anwachsstreifen
des Deckels wahrnehmen, dass sich eine Angabe iiber die
Lage des Nucleus machen liesse.

53) Oliva columellaris Sow.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 633.

Olivina columellaris d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 419. no. 325

aPeru."

Fam. Canalifera.

54) Columbella slrombiformis Lam.
Lamarck I. c. X. p. 266. no. 1.
Sowerby Thesaurus I. p. 110. pi. 36. fig. 1. 2-

55) Columbella fuscata Sow.

Proceed. Zool. soc. of London 1832. p. 117.
Col. meleagris Kiener 1. c. pi. 3. fig. 3.
Sowerby Thesaurus I. p. 114. pi. 36. fig. 21. 25.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 276. no. 22.
,,Peru.«

56) Columbella lanceolata Sow.
Proceed, zool. soc. of. London 1832. p. 116.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 15. fig. 2.

1) Figures of Molluscous animals I. p. 72.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschndi in Peru gesammelt. Concbyl. 169

Sowerby Thesaurus I. p. 139. pi. 40. fig. 153—155.

Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 293. no. 48.

,Peru."

57) Turbinella nassatula Lam.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 11. fig. 2.
Lamarck I. c. IX. p. 387. no. 20.

58) Turbinella cerata Gray.
Wood Ind. Test. Supl. Tab. V. Fig. 15.
Reeve Conch, icon. sp. 37.

Der Deckel ist vorhanden. Er ist viel kleiner als die
Mundung der Schale, langlich eiformig, am unteren Ende zu-
gespitzt; an diesem Hegt der Nucleus und die Anwachsstrei-
fen liegen auf der ausseren Flache (Taf. VI. Fig. 3. o) pa-
rallel dem Rande, welcher dem Nucleus .gegenuberliegt. Auf
der innern, dem Fusse des Thieres angewachsenen Seite lauft
urn den ganzen Deckel eine Wulst , die am Apex und am
Aussenrande am breitesten ist, und eingeschlossen von die-
sem Wustringe liegt der vertiefte Muskeleindruck , in dem
funf sehr deutliche , langlich concentrische Streifen sichtbar
sind , die jedoch zum Theil durch den breiteren Theil des
Randwulstes verdeckt sind , so dass sie sich nicht vollig
schliessen (Taf. VI. Fig. 3. 6).

59) Fasciolaria granosa Brod.
Proceed, zool. soc. 1832. p. 32.
Kiener 1. c. Fasciolaria pi. 5.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 437. no. 11.

Der Deckel ist auch hier vorhanden; er, ist ganz wie
be] der vorigcn Gattung; doch schliesst er, ein wenig ein-
gesenkt, die Mundung, ist also grosser.

aPeru."

60) Cancellaria chrysostoma S o w. "
Kiener 1. c. Cancellaria pi. 8. fig. 2.
Sowerby Thesaurus II. p. 451. pi. 94. fig. 39.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 414. no. 20.

,,Peru.«

61) Pyrula ventricosa Sow.
Kiener 1. c. Pyrula pi. 12, fig. 2.
Lamarck 1. c. IX, p. 521. no. 29.

170 Troschcl:

62) Pyrula patula Brod et Sow.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 522. no. 31.

Fam. Mu rice a.

Hier sei mir die Bemerkung erlaubt, dass in der schein-
bar sehr gut charakterisirten Familie der Muriceen noch
Verschiedenartiges enthalten ist. So hat z. B. Tritonium
succinctum einen vorstreckbaren Russel, wie er der Farnilie
zukommt, aber in ihm liegt eine Zunge mit sieben Langs-
reihen von Flatten , ganz wie bei den Taenioglossen *), wo-
gegen Murex brandaris eine Zunge besitzl, auf der die Plat-

1) Beilaufig theile iqh hier mit, was ich iiber Tritonium succin-
ctum in meincn Manuscripten verzeichnet habe : die ausseren Mundtheile
entsprcchen ganz denen von Buccinum undosum. Es findet sich nam-
lich vorn ein lappenformiger Fortsatz, dessen vordere Witte etwas ab-
gerundet ist, und eine Oeffnung zeigt , durch welche der Russel her-
vortretcn kann. Zu jeder Seite geht der Kopflappen in die Fuhler
fiber, die aussen unter der Mitte die schwarzen Augen tragen. Der
Penis, welcher rechts und hinter dem Russellappen liegt, ist flach
gedruckt, und der ganzen La'nge nach mit dunkelbraunen kleinen scharf-
begrenzten Flecken besetzt ; er legt sich ganz wie bei Buccinum un-
dosum unter den Mantel in die Kiemenhohle. Nimmt man die Mus-
kelhaut des Thiers von oben weg , so kommt man zunachst auf einen
breiten flachen Russel , der durch Ausstulpung hervorg^streckt wird.
Vorn ist er spitz abgestutzt, und hat eine geringe Oeffnung. Im In-
nern des Russels findet sich unmittelbar hinter der Oeffnung eine lang-
lich runde Mukelmasse, von der hinten und oben der Schlund entspringt,
welchef die Hohlung des Russels der Lange nach durchlauft, und
uberall mit den Wanden desselben durch zahlreiche feine Muskelfasern
verbunden ist. In der Mundmasse finden sich zwei seitliche Muskel-
verdickungen , mit rudimentaren Kiefern, d. h. schuppigen Membranen,
wie sie bei so vielen Schneclien vorkommen. Die Zunge , obgleich
den Peruanischen Mollusken fremd, mag, da ich einmal von ihr spreche,
auch auf der Tafel (Taf. VII. fig. 3.) einen Platz finden. Ihre Miltel-
platten sind breit , und tragen am vorderun umgeschlagenen Rande
einen mitlleren kraftigen Zahn und neben ihm jederseits elwa 5 kleine
Zahnchen oder Einkerbungen ; die Zwischenplatten sind schief nach
innen geneigt, ziemlich breit und neben dem Hauptzahn gekerbt; die
beiden Seitenplatten sind gekrummle ziemlich spitze-Donien, die in der
Ruhe sich nach innen legen, und die Zwischenplatten zum Theil ver-
decken.

Yerzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 171

ten nur drei Langsreihen bilden. Es versteht sicht sich von
selbst, dass solche Verschiedenheiten in einer Familie nicht
zulassig sind. Untersuchungen an weiterem Material konnen
erst uber die Grenzen , welche hier zu ziehen sind, ent-
scheiden.

63) Murex princeps Brod.
Kiener 1. e. Murex pi. 29. fig. 1.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 609. no. 79.

64) Murex microphyllos Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 576. no. 21.
»Peru.«

65) Murex rectiroslris Sow.
Proceed, zool. soc. 1840.
Reeve Conch, icon. sp. et fig. 91.

66) Murex squamosus Brod.

Broderip Porceed. zool. soc. 1832. p. 176.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 455: no. 403.

67) Murex Boivinii Kiener.

Kiener 1. c. Murex. p. 81. no. 59. pi. 43. fig. 2.

Der Nucleus des Deckels liegt am ausseren convexen
Rande, naher der Basis der Mundung, ungefahr auf % der
Lange des Deckels. Auf der innern Seite des Deckels ist
die Ansatzflache nicht vertieft, auf ihr zeichnen sich einige
concentrische Linien aus, die schrag liegenden Ellipsen ange-
liorcn; der freie Rand der Innenflache ist nur ein dunner
glanzender Ueberzug. (S. die Abbild. Taf. VI. Fig. 4.)

68) Tritonium rudis Brod.
Proc. zool. soc. 1833. p. 5.

Archiv fQr Naturgesch. Jahrg. I. Bd. 1. p. 291.

69) Tritonium scabrum King.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 450. no. 389. pi. 62. fig. 13.

70) Tritonium pileare Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 630. no. 9.

71) Ranella coelata Brod.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 554. no 21.

172 Troschel:

Fam. B uc cine a.

72) Terebra maculata Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 238. no. 1.
Kiener 1. c. pi. I. fig. 1.
Sowerby Thesaurus no. 1. fig. 33.
aPeru."

73) Nassa luteostoma Kiener.

Kiener 1. c. Buccinum p. 110. no. 107. pi. 30. fig. 1.

Der Deckel ist elliptisch , an beiden Enden ziemlich
gleichmassig abgerundet. Der innere und der obere Rand
sind ganzrandig, der aussere Rand ist mil sechs spitzen Vor-
spriingen gezahnt, die Vertiefungen zwischen den Za'hnen sind
ausgerundet; der untere Rand tragt 3 noch kraftigere ahnliche
Zahne; der Nucleus liegt am Aussenrande unterhalb der Zahne
und bildet gleichsam die Grenze zwischen dem unteren und
ausseren Rande. Auf der inneren Flache des Deckels liegt
an dem Innenrande, durch eine breite glanzende Flache vom
Aussenrande getrennt, eine wenig vertiefte Flache ^zur An-
heftung an deri Fuss, die etwa die Ha'lfte der Deckelflache
einnimmt. (S. Taf. VI. Fig. 5).

74) Nassa dentifera d'Orb.

Buccinum dentiferum Powis Proc. zool. soc. 1825.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 432. no. 349. pi. 61. fig. 22. 23.,

Der Deckel hat am Aussenrande nur stumpfe undeut-
liche Einkerbungen anstatt der Zahne der vorigen Art, der
Nucleus liegt an der Spitze. Es ist mir demnach wahrschein-
lich, dass die Arten der Gattung Nassa ohne, oder mit sehr
geringer Kalkschwiele an der Mundung , zu welcher die in
Rede stehende Art gehort, als besondere Gattung abgetrennt
werden mussen. Ich habe mich vergebens bemiiht, aus dem
eingetrockneten Thier die Mundtheile herauszuprapariren, habe
mich aber davon uberzeugt, dass der Fuss vorn gespalten
ist, und dass die Augen auf % der Hohe der Fiihler sitzen.

,,Peru.«

75) Nassa Gayi d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 432. no. 350.
Kiener 1. c. Buccinum. no. 70.

Verzeicheiss d. durch v. Tschudi in Feru gesammelt. Conchyl. 173

76) Nassa Tschudii Nob. nov. spec.
(Taf. V. Fig. 4.)

N. testa oblonga, longitudinaliter costato-tuberculata,
transversim sulcata, pallida fasciis tribus fuscis cincta; spira
acuta ; apertura laevigata , basi columellae subplicata , sulco
profundo supra siphonem.

Diese Schale wurde mir von P b i I i p p i mit der Bemerkung
remittirt: ^Buccinum Gayi Kien. nach Dkr. Die Abbildung
und Farbung bei Kiener stimmen gar nicht." Wenngleich
diese Art der vorigen sehr ahnlich ist, namentlich darin, dass
die den Sipho umgebende Wulst bei beiden durch eine tiefe
Furche von der letztenWindung abgesetzt ist, so unterschei-
det sie sich doch durch die glatte Mundung, die bei Gayi
innen gezalmt ist, durch die starker tuberkulirten Langsrip-
pen, die auch auf der letzten Windung bei alien Exemplaren
kraftig ausgebildet sind, und durch die Farbung, die sich durch
drei rothbraune Binden auf hellem, weisslichem Grunde aus-
zeichnet; auch ist sie kleiner. Die Schale hat sechs Win-
dungen, auf der letzten stehen auf jeder Langsrippe 8, auf
den vorigen 4 Hocker. Die obersten Hocker jeder Win-
dung sind starker als die ubrigen und durch eine tiefere
Furche abgesetzt. Die oberste der drei braunrothen Binden
bedeckt die beiden obersten Hdckerreihen , sie ist auf alien
Windungen sichtbar ; die zweite verlauft auf der 5ten und
6ten Hockerreihe, die dritte am Grunde der letzten Windung,
die beiden letzteren Binden sind nur auf der letztern Windung
sichtbar. Hohe 10 Mill., Durchmesser 6 Mill., Hohe der Mun-
dung 4'/2 Mill.

77) Buccinum panamense Phil.

Zeitschr. i. Malakozoologie 1851. p. 6i. no. 73.

Das Exemplar ist von Philip pi selbst als ,,B. pana-
mense Var. costis numerosis confertis" bestimmt. Gehort mit
den drei vorigen in eine Gruppe.

,,Peru."

78) Dolium latilabre Kiener.

Malea lalilabris Valenc. bei H u mh u Id t el Bonpland Re-
cueil d'obsti v. p. 325.

174 T rose h el:

Kiener 1. c. p. 14. no. 8. pi. IV. fig. 7.
,,Peru.«

79) Purpura patula Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 61. no. 3.
Kiener 1. c. pi. 24. fig. 66.

Der grosse Deckel schliesst, eingesenkl, die ganzeMun-
dung; der Nucleus liegt in der Mitte des Aussenrandes, die
Anwachsstreifen sind fast geradlinig, wie der innere Rand,
und wenden sich nur an beiden Enden ein wenig nach dem
Aussenrande zu. Auf der inneren Flacfie des Deckels liegt
die Muskelvertiefung am Innenrande und ist vom Aussen-
rande durch eine breite glanzende Schwiele getrennt. In der
Muskelvertiefung liegen fiinf concentrische Streifen. Auf
beiden Flachen ist der Deckel mil einer mikroskopisch fei-
nen Sculptur versehen, die in quer laufenden Ruhzelchen
besteht.

,Peru.«

80) Purpura haemastoma Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 67. no. 11.

'Deshayes spricht sich in einer Note zu obigein Ci-
tat dahin aus, dass die im Indischen Ocean und an den Ku-
sten Peru's lebenden Exemplare als verschiedene Species an-
zusehen seien. Leider giebt er die Unterscheidungsrnerk-
male nicht an. Mir ist es nicht gelungen , dergleichen auf-
zufmden, daher halte ich die Peruanischen Stiicke nicht fur
specifisch verschieden. Da diese Schnecken sich gerne an
Schiffen anh^ften, so lasst sich ihre so weite geographische
Verbreitung leicht durch Verschleppung erklaren.

81) Purpura chocolatum Duclos.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 106. no 72.
K i e n e r 1. c. pi. 26. fig. 70.

82) Purpura columellaris Lam.

Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 62. no. 4.

Kiener 1. c. pi. 20. fig. 58.

Der Deckel stimmt in jeder Beziehung mit dem von
Purp. patula uberein; die zalmartige Leiste an der Columella
veranlasst keinen Einschnitt in denselben.

,,Peru.«

Vevzeichniss d. durch v. Tscbudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 175

83) Purpura angulifera Duclos.

Kiener 1. c. p. 60. no. 37. pi. 15. fig. 42.

Der Deckel stimmt ganz mit denen von P. patula und
columellaris uberein, nur dass er durch eioe Einbucht seines
Columellarrandes, veranlasst durch die kraftige Falte auf der
Spindel , die sich tief in das Innere fortsetzt, eine nieren-
formige Gestalt bekommt. Die Sculptur der Innenseite ist viel
grober und daher deutlicher als die der Aussenseite des
Deckels.

8.4) Purpura echinulata Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 84. no. 40.

Bei sonst grosser Uebereinstimmung des Deckels mit
den iibrigen Arten dieser Gattung, tmterscheidet er sich sehr
auffallend dadurch, dass er am Aussenrande uber 20 Zahne
tragt , die kleine an der Aussenflache hohle Rinnen bilden.
CVergl. Taf. VI. Fig. 6.)

,,Peru.«

85) Purpura sanguinolenta Duclos.
Guerin Mag. de Zool. V. pi. 22. fig. 1.

So ist mir diese Schale vonPhilippi bestimmt; ich bin
'leider nicht in der Lage, die Bestimmung durch Vergleichung
mit derAbbildung yerificiren zu konnen. Es liegt ein Deckel
bei der Schale, der so ubereinstimmend mit dem oben be-
schriebenen von Turbinella cerata ist, dass ich den Verdacht
nicht unterdrucken kann , er sei durch eine Verwechselung
zu, dieser Schale gekommen, die iibrigens so sehr von Pur-
pura abweicht, dass ich sie , auch abgesehen vom Deckel,
fur keine Purpura halten wurde.

86) Monoceros imbricatum Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 118. no. 2.

Es ist mir gelungen, aus dem eingetrockneten Thiere
ein Stuck der Zunge herauszuprapariren, sie ist (Taf. VII.
Fig. 4.) abgebildet. Leider war sie jedoch in einem sehr
verletzten Zustande und liess siclrnicht mit volliger Sicherheit
untersuchen. Sie stimmt ganz gut mit den mir bekannlen Ar-
ten von Purpura iiberein. Die Mittelplatte ist breit, und wie

176 Troschel:

aus mehreren ubereinanderliegenden Lamellen zusammenge-
setzt. Sie tragt einen am hinternRande hervorragenden mitl-
leren Zahn, neben ihm jederseits einen ahnlichen, aber kiir-
zeren, der innen am Grunde einen kiirzeren Nebenzahn tragt;
der Rand der Platte ragt auch zahnartig vor. Die Seilen-
platten diinne, etwas sabelformig gekriimmte Dornen, die auf
einem Basalstuck befestigt sind.

Der Deckel ist diinner^ heller gefarbt und durchsichti-
ger als gewohnlich bei den Purpura - Arten. Der Nucleus
liegt auch an dem Aussenrande, jedoch nicht in der Mitte,
sondern mehr nach der Basis zu, genau auf y3 der Lange;
dadurch werden auch die concentrischen Streifen auf dem
Muskeleindruck der Innenflache des Deckels schief. (Vergl.
Taf. VI. Fig. 7). Der Aussenrand ist ungemein fein gekerbt,
was leicht zu iibersehen ist.

87) Concholepas peruvianus Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. 126. no. I.

Auch von dieser Art habe ich an einem eingetrockne-
ten Thiere die Zunge herausfmden konnen. Sie halte eine
Lange von 1 Zoll bei einer Lange von l'/2 Zoll dejs gan-
zen eingetrockneten Thiers. Die Mittelplatten tragen hinten
drei sehr kraftige , gleich grosse Zahne, die Seitenplatten
sind gebogene Dornen, die, wenn nach innen gewendet, den
mitlleren Zahn der Mittelplatte erreichen. (Vergl. Taf. VII.
Fig. 5.)

Der Deckel liegt beim zuriickgezogenen Thier so, dass
der Aussenrand mit dem Nucleus nach vorn gerichtet ist;
er ist natiirlich viel kleiner als die weite Mundung der Schale.
Uebrigens wurde man ihn von Purpura nicht unterscheiden
konnen.

88) Cassidaria cingulata Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 9.

Triton undosum Kiener 1. c. Triton pi. VI. fig. 2.

Von dieser Art liegt ein vortreffliches Exemplar vor ,
an welchem sowohl die Epidermis als der Deckel erhalten
ist. Auf der Schale, und die Querfurchen vollig verdeckend,
liegt eine dicke Epidermis von braunlicher Farbe , die in
ziemlich regelmassigen Abstanden wulstige Langsfalten bildet,

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 177

die mit einer Reihe fadenfonniger Anhange gefranzt sind. Sol-
dier Epidermal-Wiilste sind auf der lezten VVindung etwa
24 vorhanden. Dieselben geben allerdings der Schale ganz
das Ansehen eines Triton, wodurch .sich wohl Kiener ver-
anlasst gesehen hat , einen Triton daraus zu machen. Der
Deckel entscheidet aber dagegen. In einer Note zu Triton
undojsum Lam.1) tadelt Deshayes mit Recht Kiener, dass
er dieser Art nicht mindestens den specifischen Namen ^cin-
gulatum,, gelassen habe, lasst es aber ungewiss, ob die Art
in die Gattung Triton oder Oassidaria einzureihen sei , bis
zu dem Augenblick , wo wenigstens der Deckel uns bekannt
sein wird. Der Deckel hat einen langlichen Nucleus, der
am Aussenrande liegt , wie bei Purpura , nur nicht in der
Mitte , sondern mehr der Rasis zu, auf V3 der Lange des
Deckels. Auf der innern Seite des Deckels liegt ein oben
und unten etwas zugespitzter Muskeleindruck, auLwelchem
mehrere Streifen parallel dem Innenrande des Deckels; la'ngs
dern Aussenrande verlauft ein breiler Wulst, der jedoch da,
wo aussen der Nucleus liegt , einen starken Vorsprung in
den Muskeleindruck macht. (Vergl. die Abbild. Taf. VI. Fig. 8).
Ich kenne zwar den Deckel einer anderen Art der Gattung
Cassidaria nicht aus eigener Ansicht, halte mich aber, nach
der Angabe von Deshayes 2}, uber den Deckel der Gat-
tung Cassidaria, fur berechtigt, unsere in Rede stehende Art
fur eine Cassidaria zu erklaren. Gray's Angabe 3), dass
Cassidaria echinophora keinen Deckel besitze, beruht auf
einem Irrthume. Es ist unzweifelhaft , dass die sehr ver-
wandten Arten Fusus Voigtii Anton *) und Fusus Wieg-
manni Anton 5) in dieselbe Gattung Cassidaria gehoren.

Rhipidoglossata.

Bereils oben habe ich angedeutet, dass ich die Tro-
choiden und Neritaceen vori den Kammkiemern ausgeschie-

1) Lamarck Anim. sans Vert. IX. p. 642.

2) Lamarck 1. c. X. p. 5.

3) Figures of Molluscous animals Vol. I. p. 69.

4) Philippi Abbild. I. Fusus Tab. I. Fig. 1.

5) Philippi Abbild. II. Fusus Tab. II. Fig. 2. 4.
Archiv f. Naturgesch. XVIII. Jahrg. 1. Bd. 12

178 Troschel:

den habe. Diese Ausscheidung ist nothweridig, denn die ge-
nannten Familien haben in der That wenig Aehnlichkeit mit
den Kammkiemern, ja sie haben riicht einmal kammformige
Kiemen. Sie stimmen nur darin mit ihnen iiberein, dass die
Kiemen, eine oder zwei, in einer Kiemenhohle verborgen
sind; diese Kiemen sind aber federformig, an einem mittle-
ren Schaft reihen sich zweizeilig die Kiemenblattchen an,
und die Kieme ragt frei flottirend in die Kiemenhohle. Bei
den Kammkiemern hat dagegeri die Kieme gleichsam nur an
einer Seite des Schaftes die Blatlchen, der Schaft ist der
ganzen La'nge nach an die Wand der Kiemenhohle angewach-
sen, und flottirt also nicht frei. Es liegt hierin eine sehr
wichtige zoologische Differenz, die durch hinzutretendeVer-
schiedenheit anderer Organe auf das Vollstandigste bestatigt
wird. Leuckart *") sieht die federformige Kieme als die
Grundform an, und leitet davon alle die vorkommenden Kie-
men als Variationen dieser Grundform (p. 133) ab, mit Aus-
nahme der Gymnobranchiaten, bei denen die Kiemen nur ein-
fache Fortsatze des Mantels, nicht selbststandige Productionen
der ausseren Korperhiille seien. Jedenfalls und unler alien
Umstanden stellen jedoch die kammformige und die feder-
formige Kieme zwei Formen dar, die nicht in einer Ordnung
vereinigt werden diirfen. Andererseits stimmen die Kiemen
von Haliotis und Fissurella so gut mit denen der Trochoiden
und Neritaceen iiberein, dass schon hierdurch auf eine Ver-
einigung der Cuvier'schen Scutibranches mit den ausgestos-
senen Kammkiemern hingewiesen wird. Andererseits haben
die Mundtheile in den zahlreichen facherforrnig geordneten
seitlichen Plattchen der Zunge eine so grosse Uebereinstim-
mung unter einander , und zugleich eine so grosse Abwei-
chung von alien iibrigen Schnecken, dass dadurch die Auf-
stellung dieser Ordnung zur vollkommensten Berechtigung
gelangt. Ich halte diese Ordnung fiir die beste und unum-
stosslichste unter alien. Es hatte vielleicht nahe gelegen,
ihr den €uvier'schen Namen Scutibranchia zu lassen, indes-
sen theils bilden die Scutibranches den^geringsteri Theil der

1) Morphologic der vvirbellosen Thiere. p. 129 fF.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 179

neuen Ordnung, theils verbindet sich mit diesem Namen der
von Cuvier hineingelegte Begriff des Zwitterthums mit
Selbstbefruchlung , der vermieden warden muss. Ich habe
diesa Gruppe *) Rhipidoglossata genannt, nach dem hervor-
slechehdsten Charakter der Zungenbildung, durch welchen
ich zuerst zur Erkenntniss der Ordnung gelangt bin.

Fam. N er it ace a.
89) Nerita polita Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. VIII. p. 604.

90) Nerita praecognita Adams.

P h i 1 i p p i hat diese Art nach Vergleichung mit Exem-
plaren bestimmt: vveder er noch ich kennen eine Beschrei-
bung oder Abbildung unler solchem Namen; auch in dem
Verzeichnisse des besfen Neriten-Kenners Reel uz 2) komint
ein solcher Name nicht vor. Das vorliegende Exemplar ist
sehr Jung. Die Spindelflache ist mitHockern besefzt; in der
Mitte des Splndelrandes zvvei schwache Zahne; innen am
Labrum 10 schwache Zahne, von denen die beiden oberen
die starksten ; die Spira springt sehr wenig hervor, die letzte
Windung ist mit 15 spiralen Rippen von ungleicher Breite
umgeben , die durch einfache Furchen getrennt sind ; die
Rippen sind sehr zierlich, aber unregelmassig mit gelben und
schwarzen Querslreifen gefarbl. Der Deckel ist nicht vor-
handen.

91) Nerita cerostoma Nob. n. sp.

(Taf. V. Fig. 5.)

Testa subglobosar transversim costata, nigra ; costis 22,
superioribus latioribus; spira brevissima , obtusa; aperlura
flava , labio supra iconcavo, subrugoso, rugis callo tenui sub-
tectis, margine dentibus tribus armalo; labro inlus tenuiter
dentato , supra dente maiore.

Diese Art beschreibe ich auf die Gefahr hin als neu, dass

1) Handbnch der Zoologie. 3. Auflage 1848. p, 553.

2) Journ. de Conchyl. I. p. 282.

180 Troschel:

sie irgendwo unter den von R eclu z beschriebenen stecke. Sie
ist fast kuglig, schwarz, quer gerippl; solcher Rippen sjnd 22
vorhanden, die durch einfache Furcheri getrennl, und einfach
convex sind ; die obern sind breiler als die untern. Die Spira
trill wenig hervor und isl stumpf. Die Mundung ist gelb gefarbt.
Die Spindelflache ist etwas concav, auf ihr sind deutlich Runzeln
sichtbar, diese sind jedoch schwach ausgepragt und geben den
Anschein als wenn eine gelbe schwielige Masse sie verdeckte,
obgleich sie doch eben auf dieser Schwiele gebildet sind. Der
Labialrand Iragl in der Mitle drei bis vier Einkerbungen , wo-
durch zwei oder drei Zahne gebildel werden (das grossere
vorliegende Exemplar lial drei, das kleinere nur zwei Zahne).
Das Labrum isl scharf, schwarz gesaumt und am Rande
durch die etwas hervortretenden Rippen schwach gekerbt;
innen ist das Labrum verdickl und auf dieser Verdickung fein
gezahnt. Solcher feinen Zahne zahle ich 16 — 18 , zu de-
nen an der Basis zwei etwas entfernte und etwas grossere
hinzutrelen ; oberhalb folgt auf sie ein bedeutend grosserer
stumpfer Zahn. Weiter innen liegt an der Basis die gewohn-
liclie Schwiele zur Befestigung des Deckels. — Der Deckel
ist auf seiner Aussenflache granulirt , nur am Basalende hat
er eine glatle Stelle. Unler derselben auf der Innenflache
ist das ganze Basalende schwielig verdickt; diese Verdickung
nimmt den ganzen Raum neben dem Zahnvorsprung ein, und
ist am Rande fein gefurcht, auf der dem muskulosen Fusse
anliegenden Flache unregelmassig concenlrisch geslreifl.

Da in derSchale das Thier eingelrocknel war, so habe
ich die Zunge , nach Aufweichung in Wasser , unlersuchen
konnen (Vergl. Taf. VII. Fig. 7.). Sie hat schr viele Aehn-
lichkeil mil der Zunge von Nerilina fluviatilis, der einzigen,
die meines Wissens bisher aus der Familie der Neritaceen
untersucht und abgebildet worden isl. tfie Zunge besleht
aus einer bandformigen Membran, deren aussere Seilen sich
so erheben, dass eine Rinne enlslehl. In jeder Querreihe
von Plallen liegl eine Miltelplalte, der sich jederseits eine
Zwischenplalte anschliesst, ihr folgen drei Seitenplatlen, und
zulelzt eine grosse Anzahl eng neben einander liegender
schmaler Plallchen, die den Facher bilden. Die Miltelplatle
isl klein und viereckig (a). Die Zwischenplatte (6) isl breit, »

Verzeichm'ss d. durch v. Tsrhudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 181

sehr gross, etwa viereckig und tragt durch Umschlagen des
vorderen Randes einen am vordern Aussenwinkel liegenden
Zahn ; die erste und zweite Seitenplatte (c. d) sind winzig
klein , und werden leicht ubersehen , die dritte Seitenplatte
erweitert sich nach vorn, schlagt sich in die Hohe und bil-
det eine schirmformige Membran , deren hinterer Rand ganz-
randig ist; Loven ') sieht diese Platte als zu den uncinis
(so nennt er die facherformigen Plattchen) gehorig an. Die
Facherplatten sind schmal, ganzrandig, am Ende nach innen
umgebogen und sehr zahlreich.

92) Neritina intermedia Sow.
Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 201.

Sowerby Thesaurus X. p. 519. pi. 114. fig. 174—176.
Ncrilina globosa Brod. Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 201.

Im Thesaurus 1. c. erklart Sowerby beide citirte Ar-

ten fur identisch.
/

Fam. Trochoidea.

93) Monodonta carchedonius Lain.
Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 175. no. 7.

94) Diloma nigerrima Phil.

Turbo nigerrimus Cm el. p. 3597. no. 35.

Trochvs araucanus d'O r b i g n y Voy. Moll. p. 410. pi. 55. fig. 5 — 8.

Philippi in Zeitschr. fur Malakozoologie 1847. p. 19.

Philip pi macht a. a. 0. diese Art zum Typus seiner
Gattung Diloma , die sich durch den eigenthumlichen Kalk-
wulst, in den sich die Spindel innerhalb des Aussenrandes
fortsetzt, auszeichnet. Da das eingetrocknete Thier nebst
Deckel verliegen, so kann ich bemerken, dass diese Art kei-
nen Kiefer besitzt. - - Die Zunge (Taf. VII. Fig. 8.) ist ein
wenig unsymmetrisch. Die Mittelplatte ist etwas schief, ver-
schmalert sich von hinten nach vorn und schlagt ihren Vor-
derrand urn , so dass er frei nach hinten sieht. ihr folgen
jederseits funf Zwischenplatten, die vom breiten Grunde nach

1) Ofversigt af Kongl. Vefensk, Akad Forhandlingar. 1848. Tab.
VI. Neritina fluviatilis.

182 Troschel:

vorn sich verschmalern , und ihren Vorderrand umschlagen;
dieSpitze sieht nach innen und der freie Hinterrand 1st fein
gezahnt. Die aussere oder fiinfte Zwischenplatte 1st bei wei-
tem starker als die ubrigen , und 1st am deutlichsten und
grobsten am freien Hinterrande gezahnt. Nun folgt je-
derseits eine an Gestalt etwas abweichende Seitenplatte, an
deren Rande ich keine Zahnelung wahrnehmen kann. An
sie schliessen sich die ausserst feinen Flatten, die die ge-
wohnlichen Facher bilden. — Der Deckel ist kreisrund,
dunn, durchscheinend. Der Nucleus liegt in der Mitte und
stellt auf der innern dem Fusse anliegenden Seite eine kleine
von einem erhabenen Walle umgebene trichterformige Yer-
tiefung dar. Die spiralen Anwachsstreifen sind sehr eng,
am wenigsten in der Nahe des Centrum zu bemerken; es
sind deren vom Centrum zum Rande iiber 20.
,Peru.«

95) Omphalius euryomphalus Phil.

Trochus euryomphalus Jonas Zeitschr. f. Malakoz. 1844. p. 113.
Philippi Abbild. Band. II. Trochus tab. V. fig. 4.

An dem eingctrockneten Thier habe ich mich uberzeu-
gen konnen , dass ein Kiefer nicht vorhanden ist. — Der
Deckel ist sehr eng, aber sehr deutlich spiral, mit centralem
Nucleus.

aPeru."

96) Trochus Buschii Philippi.

Kuster's Conchylien-Cabinet II. 3. Tab. 32. Fig. 1.

97) Trochus undosus Wood.

Wood Suppl. Ind. Testae. Tab. V. Fig. 1.
Trochus gigas Anlon. Verzeichfi. p. 56. no. 2017.
Cf. Dunker bei Philippi Abbild. I. p. 187.
Trochus undosus Philippi bei Kuster Conchyl.-Cab. II. 3. p. 219.
Taf. 33. Fig. 1.

Leider sind in den letztenv beiden Arten die Deckel
nicht conservirl ; eben so wenig ist das eingetrocknete Thier
vorhanden.

Amyxa nov. gen.

Maxilla nulla ; testa vcrassa, subglobosa, apertura ro-
tunda, intus striga margaritacea simplice cincta; umbilicus

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 183

nullus; myxa basalis nulla; operculum spirale, anfractibus
paucis, extus callo calcareo gibboso, granuloso tectum.

98) Amyxa nigra Nob.

Turbo niger Wood. Index test. Suppl. Tab. VI. no. 1.

d'Orbigny Yoy. Moll. p. 411. no. 315. pi. 55. fig. 9—11.

Philippi in Kiister's Conchyl.-Cab. II. 2. p. 49. no. 4. Taf. 12.
Fig. 4.

Bei einer Eintheilung des grossen Genus Turbo wird
die in Rede stehende Art nothwendig der Typus einer eige-
neii Gattung werden mussen. Sie besitzt keinen Kiefer, wa'h-
rend ich von anderen Arten, z. B. T. rugosus, sarmaticus
u. a. die Anwesenheil eines Kiefers beobachtet habe, (dabei
ist jedoch zu bemerken , dass auch die eben genannten Ar-
ten generisch getrennt werden mussen). Die Zunge (Taf. VII.
Fig. 9.) hat in jeder Querreihe eine Mittelpatte, die breiter
als lang ist, vorn mil umgeschlagenem ganzrandigen Rande;
ihm folgen jederseits funf Zwischenplatten, deren slumpfe
Spitze umgebogen ist , so dass sie nach hinten und ein we-
nig nach in'nen siehl, und von denen die beiden innern am
Aussenrande einen , die drei aussern .am Aussenrande zvvei
starke Zahnvorspriinge tragen ; ihnen folgen die facherartig
neben einanderliegenden Lamellen. Diese letzteren erschei-
nen, in naturlicher Lage betrachtet, als linearische Lamellen
mit abgerundeter Spilze, die durch einen oberen Eindruck
gleichsam gefurcht erscheinen. Wenn man sie isolirt und
von der Seite beobachtet, wie es in Fig 9. b, c, d darge-
stellt ist, so sieht man , wie sie von innen nach aussen an
Lange und Schmalheit zunehmen; alle haben eine nach innen
gerichtete Spitze mil gezahnten Seitenrandern , und unter
derselben am Innenrande einen zahnartigen Vorsprung, der
von der nach innen gerichteten Spitze durch eine ausgerun-
dete Bucht getrennt ist. — In Betreff der Schale wird sich
die Gattung durch die rundliche Miindung, an deren Basis der
bei den echtcn Turbo allgcmein vorkommende dillenartige Vor-
sprung fehlt, unterscheiden lassen ; vielleicht auch durch die
schwar/c Farbe. Der Perlmutterstreifen, der ja gewohnlich
die Miindung umgiebt, ist vorharidon , kann sich aber natiir-*
lich nicht in die Dille ausdehnen, da diese fehlt. Der Dek-
kel ist spiral mit wenigen, schnell an Breite zunehmenden

184 Troschel:

Windungen; aussen 1st er mil einer dicken weissen Kalk-
masse belegt , die eine fcin granulirte Oberflache darbietet.
Ich nenne diese Gattung Amyxa. Eine grosse Aehnlichkeit
der Schale zwischen dieser Art mit Diloma nigerrima Phil.
1st nicht zuverkennen; die Deckel sind jedoch schon hinrei-
chend , sie generisch von einander zu trennen. Vielleicht
ist auch der von d'Orbigny der ganzen Gattung Turbo
zugeschriebene Anhang am innern Grunde der Fuhler als
Gattungscharakter zu benutzen.
sPeru.«

99) Turbo canaliculatus G rn e 1.

Chemn. Conchyl.-Cab. V. p. 202. pi. 181. fig. 1794.

Lamarck 1. c. IX. p. 223. no. 40.

Kuster Conchyl.-Cab. Turbo p. 26. Tab. 7. Fig. 4.

Fam. Fissurellacea.

Dass diese Familie zu den Rhipidoglossen gehort , ist
unzweifelhaft durch meine Untersuchung der Mundtheile von
Fissurella, so wie durch die Abbildung der Zunge von Emar-
ginula crassa bei Lo v en 1, c. Tab. 6 bewiesen. Meine Zeich-
nung stimmt mit der eben citirten Loven'schen so gut uber-
ein , dass ich kaum einen generischen Unterschied aufzufm-
den wiisste. Beide sind in gieicher Weise unsymmetrisch.

100) Fissurella crassa Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 592. no. 3.

101) Fissurella limbata Sow.
Sower by lllustr. 42. 66. 74.

102) Fissurella elegans Phil.

Ein ganz kleines Exemplar. Philippi hat das Exem-
plar selbst als solches bestimmt.
wPeru.«

Cyclobraiichia.

Ich halte die Cyclobranchien fur eine sehr gute Ordnung,
was namentlich durch die Mundtheile , deren ich viele unter-
sucht habe, bewiesen wird. Vergl. auch Loven I.e. Tab. 6.
Die Gattung Acmaea , welche durch die federformige Kieme
in der Nackenhohle den Uebergang zu den Rhipidoglossen

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 185

macht , gehort doch nach der Bildung der Zunge hierher;
ebenso die Gattungen Pilidium und Propilidium Forb. Hani.
Ausser den Chitonen muss ferner noch Dentalium hierher-
gezogen warden.

Fam. Acmaeacea.

Gould glaubt (Proceedings of theBostonSocietyBd.il.
p. 83; vgl. auchArchiv furNaturgesch. 1850. II. p. 101.) ein
Mittel gefunden zu haben, die Gatlungen Patella undAcinaea
(Lottia) auch in den Schalen unterscheiden zu konnen, in-
dem sich bei Acmaea vorn an der linken Seite eine schwache
Grube oder Undulation finde; mir will es nicht gelingen,
danach mil Sicherheit Entscheidung ^treffen zu konnen.

103) Acmaea scurra d'Orb.

Patella scurra Lesson Zool. de la Coq. p. 421. no. 189.
Acmaea mitra Eschsch. Zool. Atlas V. p. 18. tab. 23. fig. 4.
d'Orb igny Voy. Moll. p. 478. pi. 64. fig. 11. 12.

104) Acmaea scutum Eschsch.
Eschscholtz Zool. Atl. V p. 19. Tab. 23. Fig. 1—3.
d'Orb igny Voy. Moll. p. 479. PI. 64. Fig. 8-9.

Fam. Patellacea.

105) Patella Pretrei d'Orb.

d'Orb igny Voy. Moll. p. 481. no. 446. pi. 78. fig. 15.

106) Patella grammica Phil.

Patella lineata Phil. Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1846. p. 23.

Patella (Acmaea?) HneataPhi}. Abbild.IH. Patella p. 33. Tab. II.

Fig. 1.
Patella grammica Phil. ib. Register, woselbst der Name gea'n-

dert ist.

Philippi hat das Exemplar selbst fur seine Art an-
erkannt.

107) Patella zebrina Lesson.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 480. no. 445. pi. 65. fig. 1—3

108) Patella clypeater Lesson.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 480. no. 443.
,,Peru.tt

Fam. Chitonidae.

Obgleich die Peruanischen Kusten so reich an Chitonen
sind, enthalt die Ts child i'sche Sammlung nur zwei Arten.

186 Troscliel:

109) Chiton granosus Frembl.
Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 500. no. 24.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 485. no. 458.

1 1 0) Chiton Cumingii Frembl.
Sower by Illuslr. fig. 32.
Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 500. no. 23.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 485. no. 457.

Pul in on at a.

i

Fam. Helicea.

111) Helix Estella d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 241. pi. 25. fig. 5—8.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. I. p. 341. no. 893.
Archelix Estella Albers Heliceen p. 99.

112) Helix helicycloides d'Orb.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 246. pi. 28. fig. 1—4.
Ffeiffer Monogr. Helic. I. p. 406. no. 1056.

113) Bulimus maximus Sow. Var. minor.
Cochlogena maxima Sow. in Tank. cat. App. p. VII. 973.
Bulimus kremnoicus d'Orb. Voy. Moll. p. 300. pi. 35. fig. 1. 2.
Ffeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 19. no. 50.

Borus maximus Albers Helic. p. 142.
Bulimus Huascari Tsch. MS.

Herr Dr. v. Tschudi hat mir eine Abbildung mitge-
theilt, ohne die Original -Exemplare', die er B. Huascari ge-
nannt hat. Ich habe die Freundschaft mil dem ersten Ken-
ner der Heliceen, Herrn Dr. Pfeiffer, benutzt, um ihm die
Abbildung vorzulegen, und er erklart sie mitWahrscheinlich-
keit fur eine Var. minor, des Bui. maximus Sow. Die Beschrei-
bung, welche Hr. v. Tschudi von dieser Art entworfen,
bestatigt diese Bestimmung. Ich theile sie vollstandig, mit :
gTesta rimata, oblongo - conica , fusca, striata, apertura
oblique obtuso-ovala, coeruleo-rubiciuida; peristomate ali-
quantulo rcflexo, sublabialo, albo.«

aAll. 105. Mill. long. 53. Mill., anfrart. 5.«
^Thier schwarzbraun mit gelbbraunen Flecken.*
^Gehause kaum merklich genabelt; langlich konisch,

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 187

wenig bauchig. Fiinf Umgange: erster Umgang ausserst klein,
abgeplattet; zweiter Umgang einmal so gross als der erste;
dritter Umgang 21/4mal so gross als der zweite; vierter Um-
gang 2y3mal so gross als der dritte; funfter Umgang bei-
nahe dreimal so gross als der vierte. Die Lange der Mund-
offnung voin Anfange des Margo externus bis zur Basis der
Mundoffnung cine Linie weniger als von da bis zum Apex. Die
Umgange nehmeri also sehr schnell zu, durch eine nicht ^sehr
tiefe Naht vereinigt. Die Mundung ist schief abgerundet ei-
formig; der innere Rand (margo columellaris) ein Vierlel
kurzer als der externus. Verhaltniss der Lange zur Breite
1:2. — Der Mundsaum ist sehr schwach zuruckgebogen,
jedoch ziemlich dick, besonders am ausseren Rande stumpf,
innen mit einer weisslichen schwachen Afterlippe ; der Aus-
senrand ziemlich stark gebogen, der innere beinahe senkrecht,
zieht sich iiber den Nabel und lasst eine kaum bemerkbare
Spitze von ihm ubrig. Bei seinem Uebergange an den Bauch
ist er tief eingedruckt."

,,Besondere Merkmale. Das Gehause hat slarke Langs-
streifen, die besonders am zweiten und dritten Umgange tiefe
Furchen bilden."

^Farbung. Der Grundton des Gehauses ist braun, ins
Olivengriinliche spielend; die ersten Umgange sind immer et-
was rothlicher; am Bauche verwischen gelbliche und schwarz-
liche Langsstreifen ; der letzte Theil des Bauches unter dem
umgeschlagenen ausseren Rande schwarzlich. Mundoffnung
rolhlich ins Blauliche spielend, besonders an der Innenseite
des Bauches, nicht durchscheinend, Mundsaum weiss."

^Vaterland: Peru. Ich fand diese Schnecke auf dem
Ostabhange der Cordilleren zvvischen dem Chanchamayo und
Tullumayo. Sie lebt gern in der Nahe fliessender Gewasser
auf der Erdc; ich fand sie nie auf Ba'umen oder Felsen."

jjVarielatcn. Beinahe ganz olivengriin odcr rothlich-
braun • zuweilen solchc mit ziemlich ausgepragten Querslrei-
^i, die weisslich oder gelblich sind, besonders gegen das
Endo dos Bauches an dessen unterer Seite.a
114) Bulinws foveolatus Reeve.

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849. p. 97.

Reeve Conchol. icon. t. 73. no. 526.

188 Troschel:

Bulimus mahagoni Pfr. Monogr. II el. II. p. 24. no. 61. cf.

Zeitschr. fur Malakozoologie 1850. p. 39.
Orphnus mahagoni Albers Heliceen p. 146.
Bulimus impressus Tschudi MS.

Auch diese Art ist mir vonHerrn v. Tschudi riur in
einer Abbildung mitgetheilt, ist aber gar nicht zu verkennen.
Herr Pfeiffer stimmt gleichfalls mit obiger Bestimmung
iiberein. Ich lasse die Tschudi'sche Beschreibung folgen.
„ Testa vix rimata, paucispira, turrito-conoidea, fere cylin-
drica, anfractibus ultimis celeriter crescentibus , subconvexis,
supremis impressionibus octangulis vel irregularibus , infe-
rioribus strialis; fusco-obscura, fascia flavescente suturam
prope sequens ; apertura aculo - ovata, coerulea, peristomate
patulo, simplice, hebete, sublabiato, albo; margine columel-
lari breviore subimpresso, strictiore."

„ Alt, 75 Mill.; long. 35 Mill.; Anfr. 5.«

,,Gehause sehr schwach geritzt, bei vielen Exemplaren
verschwindet der Nabel ganz , konisch gethiirmt , fast cylin-
drisch. Es sind fiinf Umgange vorhanden : der erste ist sehr
plattgedriickt , der zweite das Doppelte an Grosse vom er-
sten, der dritte zweimal den zweiten, der vierte zweimal den
dritten, der funfte 2y4mal den vierten. Die obersten drei
Windungen haben sehr feine Slreifchen, und entweder acht-
winkelige oder unregelmassige ziemlich tiefe Eindrucke, wel-
che sich an der vierten Windung ganz verlieren , wo dann
aber die Langsstreifen starker markirt vortreten, so wie auch
am Bauche; die Umgange nehmen ziemlich rasch zu, sind
aber nur sehr schwach gewolbt. — Die Mundoffnung ist sehr
schwach schiefgestellt ; Breite zur Lange der Mundoffnung
wie 1 : l'/2. Ihre Lange vom Anfang des Margo externus
bis zur Basis des Columellarrandes betragt gerade so viel
wie vom Anfange des Aussenrandes zur Spitze. Der Mund-
saum ist offen, mit einer schwachen Afterlippe versehen. Der
aussere Rand hat eine unbedeutende Convexitat, der Colu-
mellarrand ist etwas schief nach innen, und weniger laug
als die Halfte des ausseren. Mit einem Eindruck an seinem
Ansatze an die Miindungswand ist er zuweilen so verdickt
umgeschlagen , dass er den Nabel ganz bedeckt. Naht an
den ersten Umgangen wenig ausgedruckt, hernach starker."

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 189

,,Farbe: die Schale 1st tief rothlichbraun oder ins schmut-
zig Olivengriine spielend ; eine gelbliche oder hellbraune
Binde folgt ganz nahe der Naht, hort aber am aussern Rande
des Munds&ums auf. Mundsaum weiss , Gaumen hell violet,
ebenso die Mundungswand; die aussere Seite des Mundsau-
mes ist gewohnlich heller. Thier blaulich auf dem Rficken,
weiss am Bauche."

»Yaterland: Urwalder Peru's.44
115) Bulimus Sangoae Tschudi. nov. spec.
(Taf. VI. Fig. 1.)

Von dieser angeblich ausserst seltenen Schnecke habe
ich durch Herrn v. Tschudi keine Exemplare, sondern nur
eine saubere Abbildung , ausgefuhrt von Jos. Dinkel, er-
halten. Ich habe sie, wie die beiden eben besprochenen, Herrn
Pfeiffer in Cassel zur Ansicht gesandt , und ihn urn sein
Urtheil gebeten. Er schreibt mir hieruber : »Bul. Sangoae
stimmt mit keiner der mir bekannten Arten uberein , doch
durfte es schwer sein, ohne Original daruber zu urtheilen ,
da gerade die nahe verwandten Arten B. pardalis und B.
Moritzianus so uberaus veranderlich sind." Aus der Beschrei-
bung im MS. des Herrn v. Tschudi geht hervor, dass die
Schale perforirt ist, kann also jedenfalls zu Moritzianus nicht
gehoren ; auch von pardalis scheint sie mir verschieden genug.
Unter diesen Umstanden kann ich nichts weiter thun , als die
Abbildung und die Beschreibung hier mittheilen.

,,Testa perforata, conico-turrita, anfractu ultimo celeriter
accrescente , convexo , superioribus striolatis , inferioribus
striatis , ventre subcancellato et submoniliato; rubello-fusca ,
fascia rubello-flava suturam sequens , per ventrem continu-
ans J) ; apertura acute ovata, spadiceo-rubida, peristomate pa-
tulo simplice, acuto, nigricante, margine columellari breviore,
impresso, dilatato.^

SA11.81 Mill., long. 40 Mill., anfr. 6."

1) Es sind zwei Binden vorhanden, von denen die eine dicht un-
ter der Naht, die andere auf der Milte der AVindung verlauft; die Win-
dungen lehoen sich so an die vorhergehenden AVindungen an, dass die
miltlere Binde verdeckt Avird, und dass die obere sich, nach Hrn. v.
Tschudi's AufTassung, uber den Rand hinaus fortsetzt.

190 Troschel:

,,Gehause durchbohrt, konisch gethurmt, von sehr an-
genehmer Form. Es sind sechs Umgange vorhanden. Der
zweite Umgang iibertrifFt l^mal den ersten , der dritte
zweimal den zweiten, der vierte i7/10mal den dritlen, der
funfte zweimal den vierten , der sechste aber 37/\0ma\ den
funften. Die Umgange nehmen also bis zum letzten beinahe
regelmassig, der letzte aber sehr schnell zu. Die obersten
drei Umgange sind fein gestrichelt, die untern aber ge'streift;
ausserdem ist der letzte Umgang mit zalilreichen quergehen-
den Reihen feiner Kornchen bedeckt , so dass stellenweisse
der Bauch ein etwas gefenstertes Ansehen hat. — Die Mund-
6'ffnung ist beinahe gerade , spitzig eiformig; ihre Lange
viel bedeutender als die der ubrigen Theile der Schale bis
zu ihrer Spitze. Breite zur Lange der Mundoffnung t : 1,4.
Der Mundsaum ist offen , der aussere Rand nicht stark con-
vex, scharf, der Columellarrand gerade, erweitert eine im
ausseren Rande auslaufende Afterlippe, an seinem Uebergang
in die Mundungswand tief eingedriickt. Naht ziemlich tief;
der funfte und sechste Umgang kleine unregelmassige Wa'rz-
chen tragend."

^Farbung : Rothlichbraun , doch tief gefarbt, besonders
die drei obersten Umgange, die folgenden zwei etwas schwa-
cher, der Bauch wieder starker. Die Umgange begleitet ein
rothlich gelbes Band, doch hort es nichl mit demselben auf,
sondern setzt sich uber die Verbindungsstellen des aussern
Randes mit der Mundungswand fort, geht quer mitten durch
den Bauch, und endet in der Mitte des ausseren Randes des
Mundsaumes. Die Mundoffnung ist blaulich violet. Die Mun-
dungswand etwas heller, der Mundsaum schwarzlich."

aVaterland : Diese sehr seltene Schnecke fand ich nur
ein einziges Mai in den Urwaldern von Sangoa in Peru, an
einem faulen Baumstamm. Das Thier hatle auf dem oberen
Theil des Fusses kleine gelbliche Punkte auf dunkelbraunem
Grunde, die Unterseite weisslich braun."
116) Bulimus linostoma d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 314. pi. 40. fig. 9—11.

Pfeiffer Monogr. Hel. II. p. 35. no. 90.

Hamadryas linostoma Albcrs Heliceen p. 155.

Verzeicbniss d. durch \s Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 191

Bin etwas kurzeres und gedrungeneres Exemplar, als die
citirte d'Orbigny'sche Abbildung.

117) Bti/iftius hygrohylaeus d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 311. pi. 40. fig. 3—5.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 59. no. 149.
Drymaeus hygrohylaeus Albers Heliceen p. 156.

Zwei nicht ausgewachsene Exemplare glaube ich nach Ge-
stalt und Farbung fiir dieseArt bestimmen zu konnen, wenn-
gleich der Mangel wesentlicher nur an der erwachsenen
Schale sichtbarer Charaktere einigen Zweifel lasst. Das eine
Exemplar ents^ieht in der Farbung genau der d'Orb igny'-
schen Fig. 5. , das, andere so ziemlich den Fig. 3 4. Ein
driltes blassgelbes Exemplar halle ich nicht fur verschieden.

118) Bulimus Proteus Brod.

Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 61. no. 153.
Scutalus proteus Albers Heliceen p. 160.

Ein Exemplar mil sehr grob gekornter Oberflache ist auf
der aQuebrada de Canta, Weg von Lima nach dem Cerro de
Pasco" gefunden , ein anderes rait fein gekornter Oberflache
yjZwischen Huacho und Huaura nordlich von Lima."

1 1 9) Bulimus thamnoicus d'O r b. Var. minor.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 290. pi. 37. fig. 8.
Sowerby Conch. 111. fig. 72.

Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 185. no. 500. £.
Scutalus thamnoicus Albers Helic. p. 161.

120) B. derelictus Brod.
Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 107. x

Potiez et Michaud Gal. des Moll. I. 139. pi. 14. fig. 13. 14.
Phi lip pi Abbild. 1. Bulimus lab. II. fig. 8.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 63. no. 159.
Scutalus derelictus Albers Hcl. p. 160.

,,Callaoa und ^Quebrada von Huachipa, vierMeilen von
Lima". Ein etwas kleineres , mehr glatles Exemplar von
^Huacho".

121) Bulimus Cora d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 307. pi. 34. fig. 14. 15.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 57. no. 142.

Obgleich bc'.de vorliegende Exemplare nicht ausgewach-

192 Troschel:

sen sind, so glaube ich sie doch fur diese Art ansprechen
zu durfen. Auch Pfeiffer, dem ich ein Exemplar zur
Ansicht geschickt habe, halt es dafiir , er schreibt: ^sehr
wahrscheinlich , ich habe die ausgebildete Form noch nie
gesehen."

122) Bulimus versicolor Brod.
Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 108.
Sower by Conch. 111. fig. 16.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Ilelic. II. p. 61. no. 155.
Scutalus versicolor Albers Helic. p. 160.

,,Bei Chacapalpa, Provinz Lurin, 12000 Fuss uber dem
Meere."

123) Bulimus bifasciatus Phil.

Philippi Abbild. II. Bnlimus tab. 3. fig. 3. p. 10. no. 5.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 199. no. 547.
Scutalus bifasciatus Albers Helic. p. 161.

Ich theile hier wortlich mit, was HerrDr. v. Tschudi
fiber diese Art niedergeschrieben hat , die er iibrigens in
seinem MS. zuerst, naturlich viel fruher als sie von Philippi
beschrieben wurde, B. bifasciatus nanhte; spater scheint er
dem daneben geschriebenen Namen B. fusiformis den Vorzug
gegeben zu haben.

,,Testa oblecte perforata, turrito-subulata , fere fusifor-
mis, apice truncata, anfractibus sensim accrescentibus, sub-
convexis , primo truncato , duohus superioribus slriatis , in-
ferioribus slriatulis ; fusca s. fusco-olivacea , fasciis duabus
flavescentibus spirae parallelis. Apertura ovato - rotundata,
fere rectangula, coeruleo-violacea, peristomate patulo, hebete,
simplice, rubello sive olivaceo, margine columellari bre-
viore, parte superiore reflexo. Alt. ^45 Mill., diam. 19 Mill.
Anfr. 6.«

,,Das Gehause dieses Bulimus ist schief durchbohrt, ge-
thurmt, schlank, fast spindelformig, an der Spitze schief ab-
gestutzt, indem der Anfang des ersten Umganges rasch mit
scharferKante breiter werdend hervorlritt. Der zvveite Urngang
ist sehr wenig breiter als der erste, der dritte 1,3 vom zwei-
ten, der vierte 1,4 vom dritten, der funfte 1,8 vom vierten,
der sechste 2,1 vom fiinften; sie nehmen also bei dieser

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 193

Species so allrnahlich zu, wie bei wenig anderen Bulimus-
Arten , geben ihr ein gefalliges schlankes Aussehen. Die
obersten beiden Umga'flge bieten ein genaues, constantes, spe-
cifisches Kennzeichen dar, indem immer drei feine Strichelchen
dicht neben einander stehen, so einen der starkeren Streifen
bilden , welcher zwischen den nachstfolgenden eine breitere
Furche lasst. Beim dritten Umgange ist dies weniger deut-
lich. Bei den folgenden finden sich auch starkere, und zwi-
schen ihnen feinere Streifen. Querstreifen bemerkt man nicht.
Die Naht ist besonders bei den letzten beiden Umgangen tief.
Die Mundoffnung ist ganz gerade, langlich , beinahe recht-
winklig. Die Spitze verschvvindet ganz. Ihre Lange verhalt
sich zu der des ubrigen Theils der Schale wie 1 : 1,6; die
Breite zur Lange wie 1 : 1,3. Der Mundsaum ist offen. Der
aussere Rand ist an seinem Verbindungswinkel mit der Miin-
dungswand convex, lauft dann ganz gerade hinunter, biegt
sich dann in weitem Bogen urn, setzt sich dann in den Co-
lumellarrand iiber , welcher kurzer als der aussere ist, zu-
ruckgebogen, den Nabel bedeckend, und sich allmahlich in
die Mundungswand fortsetzend."

^Farbung. Das Gehause dieser Schnecke ist rothlich-
braun, auf ihren letzten Umgangen etwas heller als auf den
oberen. Je die obere und untere Naht eines jeden Umgangs
wird von einer gelben Binde begleitet, von denen die untere
besonders in den letzten Umgangen unten von einer deutli-
chen schwarzen schmalen Binde begrenzt ist. Die obere
Binde hort am Verbindungswinkel des ausseren Randes mit
der Mundungswand auf, die untere setzt sich unterhalb der
Mitte des Bauches fort, und endet am Anfange des unteren
Drittels des ausseren Mundsaumes. Eine dunkle Nabelbinde
ist vorhanden. — Die Mundoffnung ist violett-blaujich oder
rosa, lasst die Bauchbinde durchscheinen. Der Mundsaum
ist heller rothlich, die Mundungswand violett."

,,Varietat. Ich beobachtete von dieser Schnecke ein
Exemplar mit dunkel olivenfarbigem Gehause und ohne Bin-
den, schwarzlicher Mundoffnung; andere' Exemplare mit
schwarzbraunem Gehause und nur mit der unteren Binde."

,,Vaterland. Ich fand diese Schnecke an einer einzigen
Localitat, namlich in den Waldern, die sich ostlich von Hu-

Archiv f. Naturgesch. XVIII. Jahrg. 1. Bd. 13

194 Troschel: ,

ancavelica nach dem Flusse Apurimac erstrecken und daselbst
nur selten und im Umfange von einer Viertellegua in der
Nahe eines kleinen Baches auf feuchtem Moose. Das Thier
1st gelblich mit orangefarbigen Punkten."

124) Bulimus conspersus Sow.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. p. 190. no. 516.
Bardotus conspersus Albers Heliceen p. 164.

5,1m Tihgo zwischen Aynamayo und Tullumayo ; Urwal-
der von Vito.tf

125) Bulimus Philippii Pfr.

tiulimus strialulus Sow. Conch. 111. fig. 58.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 208. no. 568.
Bardotus Philippii Albers Heliceen p. 165.

wChunchotambo.a

126) Bulimus Orbignyi Pfr.
Pfeiffer Proc. zool. soc. 1846. p. 31.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 208. no. 569.

127) Bulimus guttatus Brod.

Br ode rip Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 31.
Sower by Conch. 111. fig. 10.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. 177. no. 478.
Bardotus guttatus Albers Heliceen p. 165.

. wBei Chunchotambo zwischen Chanchamayo und Ay-
namayo."

128) Bulimus scalariformis Brod.
Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 31.
Sower by Conch. 111. fig. 13.

Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 217. no. 593.
Bardotus scalariformis Albers Heliceen p. 165.

129) Bulimus tumidulus Pfr.

Bulimus inflatus Brod. Proc. zool. soc. 1836. p. 45.
Sower by Conch. 111. fig. 61.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 193. no. 523.
Mesembrinus tumidulus Albers Heliceen p. 158.

„ Am Flusse Ancoyacu im Thale von Huancayo in der
Nahe von Jauja, 11 000 Fuss fiber dem Meere. Lebt vorzug-
lich auf Caclus.

130) Bulimus peruvianus B r u g.
Bruguieres Encycl. meth. I. p. 320. no. 37.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 166. no. 440.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 195

Plectostylus perutianus Beck Index Moll. Mus._ Princ. Christian]

Frederic! p 58. no. 3.
Plectostylw perutianus Albers Heliceen p. 170.

131) Bulimus coquimbensis Brod.
Broderip Proc. zool. soc. 1832. p. 30.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 147. no. 378.

Plectostylus coquimbensis Beck Index Moll. Mus. Princ. Cbristiani

Frederic! p. 58. no. 4.
Plectostylus coquimbensis Albers Heliceen p. 170.

132) Bulimus zebra Pfr. Var. J.

Buccinum zebra Mull. Verm. II. p. 138. no. 331.
Bulimus undalus Brug. Encycl. ineth. I. p. 320. no. 38.
Bulimus zebra var. tf. Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 144. no. 372.
Orthalicus princeps Beck Index Mus. Moll. Princ. Christ. Fred.

p. 59. no. 3.
Orthalicus zebra Albers Heliceen p. 171.

wln alien Waldern auf dem Ostabhange der Binnen-Cor-
dillera."

Obgleich ich der Meinung bin , dass die Gattung Buli-
mus in viele Gattungen zerspalten werden muss, so habe ich
hier doch noch alle Arten als Bulimus aufgezahlt. Die Ana-
tomic sehr vieler Arten kann allein weiter helfen.

133) Bulimus (Bostryx") solutus Trosch.

(Taf. V. Fig. 6.)

Zeitschr. fur Malakozoologie. 1847. p. 49.
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 61. no. 425.
Archiv fur Naturg. 1849. I. p. 233. Taf. IV. Fig. 5. Zunge.

Diese Art habe ich zuerst in der Zeitschrift fur Mala-
kozoologie a. a. 0. beschrieben, und halte daher eine wie-
derholte Beschreibung fur uberflussig. In diesem Archiv 1849
a. a. 0. habe ich die Zunge naher beschrieben, und sie ab-
bilden lassen. Ich benutze diese Gelegenheit, eine Abbildung
der Schale zu liefern.

134) Bulimus Tschudu Trosch.

(Taf. V. Fig. 7.)
Pfeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 163. no. 431.

Diese niedliche Art, von der etwa 30 Exemplare vor-
liegen, theilte ich schon vor mehreren Jahren unter obigem
Namen demHerrnDr. Pfeiffer in Cassel zur Ansicht mit,
um sie in seine Monographic der Heliceen aufzunehmen.

196 Troschel:

Seiner vortrefflichen Diagnose habe ich wenig hinzuzufugen.
Besonders zeichnet sich diese Art durch die gedriickte
letzte Windung aus, wasTfeiffer durch folgende Worle
ausgedruckt hal: ultimus anfractus medio subcompres-
sus. Das Eingedruckte haben alle Exemplare-, meist so
stark, dass die letzte Windung kaum mehr gewolbt ge-
nannt werden kann ; man konnte sogar von einer schwa-
chen Andeutung zweier stumpfer Kiele sprechen. Was die
Farbung betrifft , so sind die meisten Exemplare gelblich-
weiss und scheinen langere Zeit ohne Thier gelegen, und so
ihre Farbe, wenigstens zuin Theil , verloren zu haben; an
mehreren Exemplaren, und an ihnen ubereinstimmend , lasst
sich jedoch erkennen, dass auf gelblichem durchscheinenden
Grunde unregelmassige weisse undurchsichtige Flecken an-
gebracht sind , dass ferner einzelne unregelmassige braune
Langsstreifen sich bilden, und dass schmale braune unter-
brochene Querbinden mit den Windungen herumlaufen; die-
ser sind auf den Windungen drei , auf dem letzten Umgange
jedoch sechs. Die Schale ist hier abgebildet.
wAn Mauern in Huaura und Huacho."

135) Clausilia peruana Trosch.

(Taf. V. Fig. 8.)

Zeitschr. f. Malakoz. 1847. p. 51.

Ffeiffer Monogr. Helic. II. p. 483. no. 204.

Diese ausserst seltene Art, die eine besondere Gruppe
in der Galtung Clausilia bildet, und sich durch die gegitterte
Oberflache vor alien anderen Arten ihrer Gattung auszeich-
net, habe ich zuerst a. a. 0. beschrieben; Pfeiffer hat sie
nach unserem Exemplar in seine beruhmte Monographic der
Heliceen aufgenommen. Da sie, so viel ich weiss, noch nir-
gends bildlich dargestellt ist, habe ich sie hier abbilden las-
sen, enthalte mich jedoch einer wiederholten Beschreibung.
Die mittlere Figur stellt eine Windung vergrossert dar, um
die gegitterte Oberflache zu zeigen.
Fam. Limn a e ace a.

136) Physa peruviana Gray.

Lam. 1. c. VIII. p. 401. no. 5.

Raster's Conchyl.-Cab. Bd. I. 17. p. 26. Taf. 4. Fig. 15. cop.

^Laguna de Villas bei Lurin."

Verzeichniss d. duruh v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 197

137) Platwrbis kennatoides d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Mollusques p. 350. pi. 45. fig. 1—4.

K Osier's Conchyl. . Cab. Bd. I. 17. p. 62. no. 34. Taf. 10.

Fig. 1-3.
,,Lurin, funf Meilen von Lima in der Laguna.u

138) Chilina puelcha d'Orb.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 336. pi. 43. fig. 8—12.
,,Lurin,tt

139) Chilina Parchappii d'Orb.

D'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 338. pi. 43. fig. 4. 5

Fam. Auriculacea.

140) Auricula (Conovulus*) lutea Quoy.

Kuster Conchyl.-Cab. Bd. I. 16. p. 39. Taf. 6. Fig. 1—4.

141) Auricula (^Conovulus) acromelas Nob. nov. sp.

(Taf. VI. Fig. 2.)

Testa ovata , irregulariter striata, subperforata, grisea
fasciis quatuor brunneis circumdala; spira brevis , conica,
acuta, apice violaceo-nigro : anfr. octo plani; apertura elon-
gata, labro acuto , intus subtiliter costato, columella quadri-
plicata. Long. 11 Mill., lat 6'/2 Mill., long, aperturae 9 Mill.

Diese Art hat mit der vorhergehenden eine sehr grosse
Uebereinstimmung in der Gestalt , ist aber viel kleiner. Sie
unterscheidet sich sehr auffallend durch die Farbung, indem
sie auf gelbgraulichem Gruncle vier graubraune Binden tragt,
die breiter sind als die dazwischen sichtbare Grundfarbe. Ihr
Apex ist violett - schwarz , wahrend die Farbe desselben bei
A. lutea nicht von der gelben Farbe der Schale abweicht. Es
sind acht Windungen vorhanden, wahrend A. lutea deren 11
besitzt. Die Aussenlippe ist scharf, innen glanzend braun
gerandet. In einiger Entfernung vom Rande beginnen innen
13 — 15 Leisten von weisser Farbe, die sich ziemlich weit
in das Innere erstrecken . statt ihrer fmden sich bei A. lutea
nur 7 — 9 mehr zahnartige Vorspriinge. Auf der Spindel
stehn 5 Falten, von denen die erste und die dritte stark, die
ubrigen unbedeutend entwickelt sind ; auf der Spindel selbst
steht eigentlich nur die erste Falte, die ubrigen stehen auf
der vorletzten Windung.

198 Trosehel:

Notobraiicfiiata.

In dieser Ordnung habe ich die Nudibranches und Te-
ctibranches Cuv. vereinigt. Sic werden dadurch zusammen-
gehalten, dass sie zwittrig sind, und dass ihre Kiemen we-
der in einer eigentlichen Kiemenhohle, noch unter dem Man-
telrande, sondern auf dem Riicken liegen ; auch ihre Ent-
wickelungsgeschichte scheint sie zusammenzufugen.

Fam. Ac era.
142) Bulla ampulla Linn.

Larnarck 2. edit, VII. p. 668. no. 2.

Moil opleurobr an chiata.

Die Kieme liegt bei dieser Abtheilung unter dern Man-
telrande, ja sie dringt wohl in eine Hohlung unter dem Man-
tel ein, wie bei Siphonaria , und wird dadurch der Kieme
der Ctenobranchjer oder Rhipidoglossen ahnlich. Ihnen ste-
hen diese Formen jedoch fern (lurch ihren Hermaphroditismus
und durch die Mundtheile.

Fam. S iphon ariacea.

Dass die Gatlung Siphonaria von den Patellen in der
ganzen Organisation verschieden ist, geht schon aus der
Kenntniss des Thieres hervor, wie sie uns Quoy und Gai-
mard in der Zoologie du Voyage de 1' Astrolabe (vergl. auch
Lamarck animaux sans vertebres 2. edit. VII. p. 554.) ge-
liefert haben. Ich selbst habe zwar keine Peruanische Art,
wohl aber die Siphonaria Algesirae Q. et G. zu untersuchen
Gelegenheit gehabt und kann daraus die Angaben von Quoy
und Gaimard bestatigen : die Kiemenhohle, das getrennte
Geschlecht, das Vorhandenhein der gestielten Blase u. s.w. —
Besonders liaben mich die Mundtheile interessirt. Oberhalb
vor der Mundmasse liegt, wie bei Helix, qin horniger Kiefer
von mondformiger Gestalt. Die ihn zusaminensetzende Horn-
masse ist jedoch nicht fest, sondern wenn man den Kiefer
zwischen zwei Glasplatten presst, zerfallt er leicht in Stiicke
und man sieht deutlich, wie die ganze Masse aus einer gros-
sen Anzahl von Hornplattchen oder Schuppen besteht, die

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 199

einander dachziegelartig decken. Diese Schuppen liegen
ziemlich unregelmassig neben und hinter einander, und schei-
nen auf einer durchslchtigen Haul mil einem Ende so befe-
stigt zu sein , dass sie sich leicht verschieben lassen. Die
einzelnen Schuppen sind an ihrem freien Ende ziemlich spitz,
und in der Mitte der Lange nach gekielt, so dass sie mit den
gekielten Schuppen einer Natter sich vergleichen lassen. Einige
solche Schuppen sind auf Taf. VI. Fig. 9 dargestellt. Der-
gleichen schuppige Kiefer kommen jedoch auch in anderen
Gasteropoden-Ordnungen vor. — Die Zunge ruht auf den ge-
wohnlichen Zungenknorpeln, ist verhaltnissmassig sehr breit
und zeigt in der Anordnung ihrer Flatten grosse Aehnlich-
keit mit Helix. Die Flatten auf der Zunge sind in regelmas-
sigen Langs- und Querreihen geordnet. Taf. VI. Fig. 10
stellt ein Stuck mitten aus der Zunge dar. Die Mittelreihe
besteht aus sehr kleinen Plattchen, die von den ubrigen sehr
verschieden sind , und also die Mitte deutlich bezeichnen.
Von der Mittelplatte aus lauft jederseits eine Querreihe von
Flatten mit einer geringen Neigung nach hinten. Jede die-
ser seitlichen Flatten scheint aus zwei Slucken zu bestehen,
einem grosseren verkurzt kegelformigen , auf dessen Gipfel
das zweite so aufsitzt , dass das Ganze etwa einem Zucker-
hut ahnlich sieht , bei dem die Spitze aus der umgebenden
Papierhulle hervorsieht.

143) Siphonaria characteristica Reeve.

Reeve Conchol. systematica.

144) Siphonaria gig as Sow.
Ta nkervi lie's Catal. Append.

1 45} Siphonaria costata Sow.

Sower by. Proceed. Zool Soc. 1835-

Brachiopoda.

146) Orbicula lamellata Brod.
Proc. zool. soc. 1833. p. 124.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 677. no. 786.

200 Troschel:

Lamellibranchiata.

Fam. Pectinea.

147) Spondylus ducalis C h e m n.

Lamarck. 1. c. VII. p. 189. no. 14.

148) Pecten purpuratus Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 134. no. 11. (?)
Sowerby Thesaurus I. p. 53. pi. XV. fig. 113.

Die vorliegendenExemplare sind jedenfalls mil der citir-
ten S owerby'schen Beschreibung und Abbildung identisch.
Ob diese jedocli wirklich die Lama rck'sche Art darstellt,
mochte sich schwer ermitteln lassen , da die Beschreibung
sehr kurz, keine Abbildung citirt und als Vaterland Japan mit
einem won dita angegeben ist. Was in der kurzen Diagnose
gesagt ist, passt iibrigens bis auf die 26 Rippen, deren nur
22 vorhanden sind; auch Sowerby giebt 22 an.

149) Pecten gibbus Linn.
Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 152. no. 53.

Sowerby Thesaurus I. p. 52. no. 22. pi. XII. fig. 17. pi. XIV.
fig, 76.

Fam. Aviculacea.

1 50) Pinna maura Sow.
Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1835.

Fam. Arcacea. •

151) Area grandis Brod.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 637. no. 729.

152) Area tuberculosa Sow.
Sowerby Proceed, zool. soc. 1833. p. 19.

Philippi Abbild. Bd. I. Hft. 2. p. 44. Area Tab. I. Fig. 2.

153) Area velata Sow.

Sowerby Proc. zool. soc. 1833.
Reeve Conch, icon. sp. 79.

154) Area reversa Sow.

Area retersa d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 635. no. 722.
Area Hemicardium Koch Philippi Abbild. Bd. 1. Heft. 2. Area
Tab. I. Fig. 1.

Obgleich das vorliegende Exemplar wegen der mehr
vorgezogenen vorderen und unteren Spitze verhaltnissmassig

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 201

langer erscheint, als die citirte Abbildung bei Philippi sie
darstellt , so stehe ich doch nicht an , sie fur dieselbe Art
zu halten , da die Beschreibung sonst gut passt. Die Epi-
dermis ist vollstandig erhalten, ist jedoch nicht haarig, wie
Koch vermuthet, sondern besteht aus dicht gedrangten, un-
regelmassig zerfetzten, und dadurch fast schuppenformigen
Lamellen, die parallel dem Rande der Schale laufen, und im
unversehrten Zustande , wie wir ihn an unserem Exemplare
in der Na'he des Randes sehen , stark entwickelt sind ; da
wo sie abgerieben sind, lassen sie eine dunkelbraune Haul
zuruck, die durch sehr zierliche, gedrangte, quer uber die
Rippen laufende wellenformigeLinien ausgezeichnet ist. Wo die
Epidermis ganz fortgenommen ist, ist die Schale weiss, zeigt
aber noch die zarten welligen Linien , besonders zwischen
den Rippen.

156) Peciunculus intermedius Brod.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 627. no. 708.

Fam. Naj a des.

157) Unio Molinae Phil.

Philippi Abbild. III. p. 50. no. 4. Tab. IV. Fig. 4.

Die citirte Abbildung , so wie die dazu gehorige Be-
schreibung passen vollstandig zu unseren Exemplaren, deren
zwei vorhanden sind ; nur in Beziehung auf die Wirbel wei-
chen sie ab, was aber wohl mit dem Alter zMsammenhangen
mag. Das kleinere 38 Mill, (knapp I1/,* Zoll) lange Stuck
hat vollig unverletzte Wirbel, bei dem grosseren von 47 Mill.
Lange sind dieselben ein wenig angefressen. In beiden Fallen
sind jedoch gegen 12 Rippchen deutlich, von denen die vor-
deren und hinteren schwacher sind als die mittleren sehr
starken; letztere sind jknotig oder hockerig. Beim ferne-
ren Abreiben der Wirbel werden diese Rippen ganz ver-
schwinden, und leicht ist es zu erklaren, dass bei demPhi-
lippi'schen Exemplare nur noch die Spur von vier Rippchen
ubrig war, da dasselbe nach der Abbildung eine Lange von
68 Mill. hat. Die erhabenen Rippen der Wirbel entspringen
bei beiden Exemplaren nicht von einem Centrum, sondern
die Halfle nimmt ihren Anfang dicht vor, die andere Ha'lfte
dicht hinter dem- Wirbel, so also freilich sehr nahe an ein-

202 T r o s c h c I :

ander. Von jedem dieser nahe gelegenen Centren ausge-
hend miissen sich die zwei mittleren Strahlen bald treffen;
nach ihrer Vereinigung selzen sie sich nicht weiter fort.
,Peru.«

Fam. Mytila cea.

157) Mytilus chorus Molina.

d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 647. no. 750.

158) Mytilus americanus d'Orb.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 648. no. 751.

159) Lithodomus attenuatus.

Modiola attenuata Deshayes Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 28. no. 25.
Philippi Abbild. Bd. II. p. 148. no. 4. Tab. I., Fig. 6.
Sollten Lithodomus peruvianus und inca d'Orbigny Voy.
Moll. p. 651. no. 757 und 758 von ihr verschieden sein?

Fam. Chamacea.

160) Tridacna elongata Lam.
Lamarck 1. c. VII. p. 9. no. 2.

Fam. Cardiac ea.

161) Cardium procerum Sow.
Proceed, zool. soc. 1833. p. 83.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 594. no. 659.

Die bei d'Orbigny citirte R e e v e'sche Abbildung habe
ich nichl vergleichen konnen. An jungen Exemplaren zeich-
nen sich die sechs hinteren Rippen vor den iibrigen durch
eine scharfe Kante aus, welche fein schuppig gezahnt ist.

162) Cardium senticosum Sow.
Proceed, zool. soc. 1833. p. 84.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 593. no. 658.

Die bei Orbigny abgedruckte Diagnose passt vortreff-
lich, doch darf man sich nicht dadurch irre fuhren lassen,
dass er die Afterseite vorn nennt, und umgekehrt.

Fam. Conchae.

163) Venus thaca d'Orb.

Chama thaca Molina ex auct. d'Orbignyi.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 557. no. 580.
Venus Dombeii Lamarck 1. c. VI. p. 346. no. 21.
Venus Dombeyi Philippi Abbild, I. p. 127. Tab. II. Fig. 1.
Tab. 111. Fig. 3.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 203
1(34) Venus Alvarezii d'Orb.

Venus discrepans Philippi Abbild. I. p. 175. Tab. III. Fig. 2.

Venus Aharezii d'Orb. Voy. Moll. p. 557. no, 579. pi. 83. Fig. 3. 4.
Diese von Philippi vortrefflich abgebjldete und cha-
rakterisirte Art ist nicht Venus discrepans Sow. Proc. zool.
soc. 1835. p. 22., d'Orb igny Voy. Moll. p. 561. no. 592.
Dagegen glaube ich Venus Alvarezii d'Orb. stelle dieselbe
Art dar. Dies hat mich veranlasst, den d'Orb igny'schen
Namen beizubehalten. Ich halte diese Art fur unzweifelhaft
verschieden von der vorigen, woran Philippi noch zwei-
felt, und glaube zu den unterscheidenden Merkmalen noch
die weniger tiefe Mantelbucht hinzufugen zu konnen, da auch
hierin unser Exemplar mit der Rhilippi'schen Abbildung
vollkommen ubereinstimmt.
1 65) Venus crenifera Sow.

Proceed, zool. soc. 1835. p. 43.

d'Orbigny Yoy. Moll. p. 563. no. 603.

Nach der kurzen Diagnose kann ich das vorliegende
Exemplar fur die citirte Art halten , namentlich wegen des
grossen langen Schlosszahnes an der Mundseile. Die Schale
ist fast eiformig, die Wirbel liegen uber dem ersten Drittel
der Lange. Von ihnen fa'llt der vordere und hintere Rand
fast geradlinig ab, der vordere ist vor den Wirbeln nur we-
nig vertieft. Beide runden %sich weiter nach unten und gehn
in den bogenformigen unteren Rand allmahlich uber. Das
Schlossband liegt in einer schmalen vertieften Grube einge-
senkt; die Lunula ist langlich eiformig, und durch eine
scharfe Linie begrenzt. Die Oberflache der Schale ist durch sehr
zahlreiche enge, concentrische, lamellenartige Leistchen und
strahlfonnige Rippchen zierlich gegittert; dadurch erscbeinen
die concentrischen Lamellen gekerbt. Der Rand ist fein ge-
kerbt. Die Mantelbucht reicht bis zu % der Schalenlange,
die Brucke, d. h. die Entfernung der Mantelbucht vom vor-
dern Schliessmuskel ist doppelt so breit, wie der vordere
Schliessmuskel. Der vordere Schlosszahn ist in beiden Scha-
len unverhaltnissmassig gross, leistenartig nach vorn gezo-
gen und durch einen belrachtlichcn Zwischenraum von dem
mittleren Schlosszahn getrennt. — Die Farbe ist schmutzig
gelblich, an den abgeriebenen Wirbeln blaulich; innen ist

204 T r o s c h c 1 :

die Farbe blaulich, nach dem hintern Rande an Intensitat be-
deutend zunehmend. — Lange 34 Millim. , Hohe 28 Millim.,
Breite 20 Mill. , Lange der Lunula 12 Mill., Breite derselben
6'/2 Mill.

166) Venus subrugosa Sow.

Philippi Abbild. I. p. 177. no. 5. Tab. III. Fig. 6. 7.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 561. no. 595,

167) Cytherea squalida Sow.
Proceed, zool. soc. 1835. p. 23.

Fam, Lijhophaga.

168) Saxicava arctica Phil. (?)

Philippi Enum. Mollusc. Siciliae I. p. 20. Tab. III. Fig. 3.
Hiatella arctica Lamarck 1. c. VI. p. 443.

Bin kleines Exemplar, das sich von Saxicava arctica
nicht unterscheiden lasst; hierin stimmt Philippi mit mir
uberein. Freilich wiirde dies auf eine sehr weite Verbrei-
tung der Art schliessen lassen.

169) Pelricola tennis Sow.

Sower by Proceed, zool. soc. 1834. p. 47.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 548. p. 560.

Fur diese Art halte ich einige Exemplare, welche in
einem Korallenstuck eingebohrt sind. Sie klaffen belrachlich,
sind ziemlich langstreckig, die Hohe verhalt sich zur Lange
wie 2 : 5. Die Mundseite nimmt nur den sechsten Theil der
ganzen Schale ein, vom Vorderrande bis zum Schlosszahn
gemessen. Der Schlossrand steigt nach hinten ein wenig in
die Hohe und erreicht auf der Mitte der Schale die hochste
Hohe, urn sich dann geradlinig wieder bis zum Hinterrande
zu senken. Aussen ist die Schale uberall strahlig gerippt;
vorn sind die Rippen am breitesten aber niedrig, in der
Mitte sind sie arn zartesten, die den Hinterrand erreichenden,
etwa 8 an der Zahl , sind starker erhaben , durch breiterc
Zwischenraume getrennt, auf ihrer Lange mit feinen Knot-
chen besetzt, und springen am Hinterrande zahnartig vor.
Lange 30 Mill. , Hohe an den Wirbeln 12 Mill., Breite fast
12 Millimeter.

170) Pelricola ovata Nob. nov. sp.

Testa elliptico *. ovata , radiatim tenuiter costata; costis

Vcrzeichniss d. (lurch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 205

parum elevatis 36, lamellis concentricis permultis irregulari-
bus ; latere buccalibrevissimo; margine dorsali arcuato. Long.
31 Mill. Alt. 18 Mill. Lat. 16 Mill.

Von dieser Art, die eine gewisse Aehnlichkeit mit der
vorigen hat , liegt mir nur eine linke Schale vor, die aber
gut conservirt ist. Sie hat eine eiformige Gestalt, ihre Hohe
verhalt sich zur Lange wie 3 : 5. Der dorsale Rand vom
Wirbel zum Hinterramle bildet einen Bogen. Die Mundseite
ist sehr kurz, betragt nur den sechsten Theil der Schalen-
lange. Die Mantelbucht ist abgerundet, hoher und weniger
lang als bei dev vorigen Art, sie ragt kaum uber die Mitte
der Schalenlange hinaus. Aussen ist die Schale mil flachen,
breiten, wenig deutlichen Rippen versehen, die fast uberall
von gleicher Grosse sind, und deren ich ungefahr 36 zahle.
Von der Farbe ist nichts mehr zu erkennen.

171) Petricola denticulata Sow.
Sower by Proceed, zool. soc. 1834. p. 46.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 549. no. 564.

Fam. Nymphacea.

172) Donax radiata Valenc.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 541. no. 545.

Diese Art , von der mehrere Exemplare vorliegen , isl
besonders durch die vor den Wirbeln liegenden Punktreihen
ausgezeichnet. Dieselben fehlen an keinem Exemplare ganz,
sind aber zuweilen minder zahlreich und minder deutlich.

173) Donax paytentis d'Orb.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 541. no. 547.

Donax panamensis P h i 1 5 p p i Zeitschr. fur Malakoz. 1848. p. 145.
no. b7.

Ich habe mich von der Uebereinstimmung der vorlie-
genden Schalen mit der Philip pi'schen Art, durch Verglei-
chung mit solchen Exemplaren , die von meinem Freunde
Philippi herstammen, uberzeugen konnen, und zweifle nach
der d'Orb igny'schen Beschreibung nicht, dass seine Art nicht
verschieden ist, daher lasse ich ihr den alteren Namen. In
der Tschud i'schen Sammlung fmden sich mehrere Farben-
varietaten : rothlich , blaulich, griinlich , gelblich, mit brei-
ten hellen vom Wirbel auslaufenden Strahlen, oder fast ein-

206 Troschel:

farbig. Fast alle sind innen blau, doch auch dies 1st nicht
constant ; zwei Exemplare sind innen roth , ausser o'er Far-
bung aber in nichls von den ubrigen zu unterscheiden.
174) Tellina coarctata Phil.

Philippi Zeitschr. fur Malakozoologie 1845. p. 151. no. 11.
Es 1st nur eine Schale vorhanden, diePhilippi selbst
als ,,Tellina coarctata Ph. var. radiala (T. lacunosa Hanley
non Chemnitz") bestimmt fcafr.

Fam. Amphidesmidae
- 175) Amphidesma solidum Gray.

Gray Spicilegia zoologica.

d'Orbigriy Voy. Moll. p. 532. no. 525.

176) Cumingia lamellosa Sow.
Proceed, zool. soc. 1833. p. 34.

Archiv fur Naturgesch. Jahrg. 1. Bd. 1. p. 289.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 527. no. 518.
Fam. Solenacea.

177) Solecurtus Dombeyi d'Orb.

Solen Dombeyi Lamarck 1. c. VI. 58. no. 12.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 524. no. 514.
Fam. Pholadaria.

178) Pholas chiloensis Mo 1 hi a.
d'Orbigny Voy. Moll. p. 498. no. 476.

Philippi Abbild. III. 5. p. 52. no. 4. Tab. I. Fig. 4. 5.
Sowerby Thesaurus Part. X. p.486. no. 2. PI. 102. Fig. 1. 2.
Dactylina chiloensis Gray Annals nat. hist. 1851. Vol. VIII. p. 382.

Von dieser Art finden sichin der Tschudi'schenSamm-
lung zwei Exemplare, die so verschieden von einander sind,
dass ich anfanglich geneigt war, sie fur specifisch verschie-
den zu halten. Das grossere entspricht ganz der Abbildung
und Beschreibung bei Philippi; das andere kleinere hat
viel weniger deutliche wtreppenformigea Anwachsstreifen,
und die gewolbten Schuppen sind dunn, hoch und spitz, so
dass der d'Orb igny'sche Ausdruck ^radiatim spinis ornata"
vortrefflich darauf passt. Ein Exemplar des Bonner Museums
halt zwischen beiden dieMitte, und hat mich iiberzeugt, dass
beide Exemplare derselben Art angehoren.

Verzeichniss d. durch v. Tschudi in Peru gesammelt. Conchyl. 207

Erklarung der Abbildungen.

Taf. V.

Fig. 1. Rissoina sulcigera Nob. nov. spec. Die mittlere Figur be-
zeichnet die naturliche Grosse.

Fig. 2. Natica elongata Nob.

Fig. 3. Natica alveata Nob. DOT. spec.

Fig. 4. Nassa Tschudii Nob. nov sp.

Fig. 5. Nerita cerostoma Nob. nov. sp.

Fig. 6. Bulimus (Bostryx) solutus Nob. Die Mittelfigur stellt die na-
turliche Grosse dar.

Fig. 7. Bulimus Tschudii Nob. Die Mitlelfigur deutet die naturliche
Grosse an.

Fig. 8. Clausilia peruana Nob.

Taf. VI.

Fig. 1. Bulimus Sangoae Tschudi n. sp.

Fig. 2. Auricula (Conovulus) acromelas Nob. nov. sp.

Fig. 3. Deckel von Turbinella cerata. a. aussere Flache, b. innere

Flache. Ein wenig vergrosserT.
Fig. 4. Deckel von Murex Boivinii. a. aussere Flache , b. innere

Flache.
Fig. 5 Deckel von Nassa luteostoma. a. aussere Flache , 6. innere

Flache.

Fig. 6. Deckel von Purpura echinulata, aussere Flache.
Fig. 7. Deckel von Monoceros imbricatum, a. aussere Flache 6. innere

Flache.
Fig. 8. Deckel von Cassidaria cingulata, a. aussere Flache, b. innere

Flache.

Fig. 9. Ein Stuck des Kiefers von Siphonaria Algesirae. Vergr. 265.
Fig. 10. Ein Stuck der Zunge von derselben. Vergr. 240.

Taf. VII.

Fig. 1. Zunge von Cypraea arabica , eine Querreihe. a. Miltelplatle
b. Zwischenplatten, c. Seitenplatten.

Fig. 2. Zunge von Oliva peruana, funf Querreihen.

Fig. 3. Zunge von Tritonium succinctum; eine Querreihe; die Seiten-
platten der rechten Seite sind nach aussen umgelegt, um die
Zwischeoplitlte deutlicher sehen zu lassen.

208 T r o s c h e 1 : .Verzeichniss d. (lurch v. Tschudi ges. Conchyl.

Fig. 4. Zunge von Monoceros imbricatunr, eine Querreihe.

Fig. 5. Zunge von Concholepas peruviana ; zwei Querreihen.

Fig, 6. Eine PJatte von der Zunge von Ovula gibbosa.

Fig. 7. Zunge von Nerita cerostoma ; eine Querreihe. a. die Mittel-

platte, b. die Zwischenplatte, c. d. e. die Seitenplatten, J. ia-

cherformige Plaltchen.
Fig. 8. Zunge von Diloma nigerrima (Trochus araucanus d'Orb.) ; eine

Querreihe.
Fig. 9 Zunge von Amyxa (Turbo) nigra, a. eine Querreihe, b. eine

der innern facherartigen Lamellen von der rechten Seite, c. eine

solche etwa aus der Mitte des Fachers; d. eine solche naher

dem Ausserrande der Zunge.

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Taf.V.

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A

CATALOGUS

CONCHYLIORUM

OtLE RELIQUIT

D. ALPUONSO D'AGUIRRA & GADEA

COMES de YOLDI,

REGIS DANLE CUBICULARIORUM PRINCEPS, ORDINIS DANNEBROGICI

IN PRIMA CLASSE & ORDINIS CAROLI TERTH EQUES. *

SCRIPSIT
0. A. L. MORCH.

4

FASCICULUS PRIMUS.

CEPHALOPHORA.

CONCHYLL\ PUBLIC A AUCTIONE CALENDIS
OCTOBRIBUS DIVIDENTUR.

HAFNI^E.

TYPIS LUDOVICI KLEIM.

MDGCGLH.

I

Conditioner.

'•

Effecterne saelges i den Stand, hvori de ved Ham-
merslaget befindes, og efter den Tid er Incassator
ikke laenger ansvarlig for deni. lovrigt maae Effec-
terne vaere afhentede senest 2 Dage, efterat Auctio-
nen er tilendebragt.

2.
Kjoberne ere fritagne for Auctionsomkostninger.

3.

Incassator bekjendte, vederhaeftige KjSbere gives
6 Ugers Credit, Andre betale coiitant.

Opraab skeer i Rigsbankpenge, og Betalingen er-
laegges til Undertegnede, boende i Stormgade Nr. 198.

Rjobenhavn i Augnst 1852.

\. JVyegaard.

Beraserknioger.

Den forste Talraekke angiver det Nummer, bvor-
under Arten eller Varieteten bortsaelges, den anden
Antallet af Exempl.arerne, der opbydes enkeltviis.

* Betyder at Exemplaret er saerdeles smukt, og
aldeles uden Feil.

i, 2, a, 4. s. Angiver at Exemplaret er mere eller
mindre beskadiget.

De der ikke bave noget Maerke ere i Alminde-
lighed godt conserverede uden nogen vaesentlig Feil.

t Betyder at Arten kun forekommer fossil.

! Angiver at Fxemplaret hidrorer fra Forfatteren,
der bar benaevnet Arten.

1. eller Ig. Laengde.

d. eller dm. Diameter.

m. Millimeter. 1 dansk Tomme er 26 millimeter.

Kammcrraad Nyegaard (Stormgade 198) og Catalogets
Forfalter (Nyhavn Nr. 1) modtage Cornissioner,

Auktionen aflioldes i Amaliegade Nr. 121, den Isle Oc-
tober 1852.

Remarque.

Jja premiere colonne de chiffres indique le numero
sous lequel I'espece ou !a varite doit etre vendue; la
second e marque le nombre d'exemplaires : chaque ex-
emplaire doit etre crie seuL

* Signific que 1'exemplaire est remarquablement
beau, bien conserve, et sans aucune defectuosite.

1.2.3.4.5. indiqUe que 1'exemplaire est plus ou
moins complet.

Ceux qui ne portent aucun signe sent, en general,
bien concerves et sans defectuosite essentielle.

t Signific que I'espece n'est que fossile.

! Indique que 1'Exemplaire, a etc rec.u de la per-
sonne qui a donne le nom a I'espece.

1. ou Ig. longueur.

d. ou dm. largueur.

m. millimetre.

Monsieur le procureur Nygaard (Stormgade Nr. 198)
ainsi que I'auteur du Catalogue (Nyhavn Nr. 1) recoivent les
commissions.

Errata.

no 190 lege H. Yoldii n.

- 607 australis.

- 675 B. cantagallanns Rang.

- 971 — exustus.
Deleatur no. 1240.
1096 adde Ind. or.

iMulanda est torminado in seqnentibus numeris:

in a: 460. 468 1389. 1394. 1627. 1650. 1724. 1863. 1894. 2892
in us: 475 531. 548. 599. 1152. 1797. 1938. 1939. 2006. 2841

2849. 2853.

in urn: 1747. 1751. 1756. 1760. 2075. 2519.
in e: 822. 932. 2518.
in is: 1406. 1475. 1990.

D faut dlviser poor r^gner.

CEPUALOPHORA.

Fam. Helicea.

Trib. 1 Helicida.

Vitriiia Drp.

1 1* grandis Bk. Guinea.

2 la Lamarckii Fer. Teneriffa.

3 2 diaphana Drap. Eur. mer.
\aniiia Gray.

4 2 X. citrina L. Ind. or.

5 2 minor.

6 1 polita.

7 1 luctuosa Bk.

8 2 var.

9 1 Juliana Gray. Ceylon.

H. rosacea Sowb.

2 bistrialis Bk. I. or.

1 1 33 m.

1* Stuartiae Sow. Celebes

1 cidaris Lam. inferne fascia ca-

stanea. 1. or.

1 nemorensis Mull.

H. cretacea Born.
Ariopliaiitu Desm.
I* trifasciata Ch. —

Helix.

16
17

18
19
20

21
22
23
24

25 1
26

27

28
29
30

31

32
33
34
35
36

Pachystyla nob.

1 mauritiana Lam.

H. inversicolor 0 Pfr.
1 ochroleuca Fer.
Hemiplecta (Alb.) n.

1* Cuvieriana Lea.
jt

3 Blainvilliana Lea.

H. semigranosa Sowb.
I* rufescens Grat. non Pen.
1 ligulata Fer.
1 var. fasciata.
3 semirugata Bk.

H. globulus Fer. non Mull,
tranquebarica Fabr.
Cysticopsls n.
1* cuberisis Pfr. I1
lUicrocystis Bk.
1 ornatella Bk!
1 filiceti Bk! ined

1 aurulenta Bk! —

2 margarita Bk! —
HEaerochlamys Bens.

1 calamechroa Jonas.
Zonites Ultf

2 acies Partscb*

2 compressa Ziegler. lb»
2"A croatica Partscb.
1* verticillus Fer.
I2 algira L.

H. oculus capri Miill.

H. aegopbthalmus Gm.

1. Mauritius.
jBermuda."
I, Philippin.

,,Sumatra.<t
I. or.

Cuba.
Pitcairn.

Guinea.
Dalmatia.

Austria.
Gallia.

Helix.

Euryompliala Bk Patera

37 I4 solitarium Say.

38 1* alternate Say.

38 1 monile Brod. dm. 9. m.

H. planorbis Jay.
39i t* quinquestrigata Bk. ined.

40 1* perspectiva Say.

41 6* rupestris Drp.

(Acanthinula Bk.)

42 I1, aculeata Mull.

Hesomphi.Y Raf.

43 1 fuliginosa Griffith.

44 3 sp.

45 \ concolor Fer.

46

Helicella Lam.

3 cayennensis Pfr.

47 1 arborea Say.

Troclioinorptia (Alb.) n,

48 1 Metkalfi Pfr.

49 2 n. sp.

50 3 trochiformis Fer.pallida.

H circumdata Muhlf.

51 4 var. fasciata.

52 2 var. obscura.

Ryssota Alb.

53 2* otaheitana Fer.

H. ovum Val.

54 2 Lamarckiana Lea.

56 I2 stolephora Val.

57 I1 var.

3

Held.

Ohio.

Columbia.

Am. m.

Ohio.

Gallia.

Dania?

Ohio.

,,Coquimbo."

Portorico.

Cayenne.
Pensylvania.

Philippin.

Nicobar.

Taiti.

Philippin.

4 Helix

58 2 Mullen Pfr. Philippin.

59 1* porphyrea Pfr.

60 2* coelatura Fer. I. Bourbon.

Tlieba I.each Xerophila Held.

61 3* planata Ch. Marocco.

62 1* areolata Sow. California.

63 6 alboranensis Web. & Berth. Fuerta vent.

64 2 var.

65 6 pisaria Mull. Eur. mer.

66 10 variabilis Drp.

H. virgata Mtg.

67 4 cespitum Drp.

68 2 major.

69 4 ericetorum Mull.

70 2 obvia Hartm.

71 6 maritima Drp.

72 1 cretica Fer! I. Creta.

73 1 instabilis Z. Croatia.

74 2 apicina Lam. Eur. mer.

75 3 eonspurcata Drp.

76 2 sp. ri. I. S. Croix.

77 2 simulata Fer. ^Egyptus.

78 I costulata Z. Eur. mer.

79 1 caperata Mtg. Gallia.

H. intersecta Poiret.

80 6 striata Drp.

81 4 pyramidata Drp.

82 2 trochoides Poiret. Eur. mer.

83 4 lemniscata W. & B. Canar.

Crenea Alb. Obelus Hartnt.

84 3 scitula Jan. Eur. mer.

Helix. 5

85 9 elegans Gm. Eur. mer.

H. terrestris Ch. non Forsk.

86 5 tumuloruni W. & B. Canar.

87 2* pumilio Ch. Marocco.

88 2* Caroni Dh. Sicilia.

H. turrita Rm.
Ochthephila Ilk.

89 5 polymorpha Lowe. Madera.

90 4 lentiginosa Lowe.

91 1 sp

92 2 abjecta Lowe.

93 2 raaderensis Wood.

94 2 sp.

95 1 Vargasiana Pfr?

96 1 punctulata Sow.
Leucoohroa Bk. (Jacosta Gray.)

97 6 explanata Mull. Eur. mer.

H. albella Lam. non L.

98 i filimargo Z. Cbers. Taur.

99 1 delphinula Lowe. Madeira f

Delpbinula sulcata «Lam." Bowd.

100 1 Bulweriana Lowe.

101 2 sp. t

H. Jeannotiana Terv. aff.

5 cariosa Oliv. Latoquia.

4 cariosula Mich. Arf. bor.
10 candidissima Drp. — -

3 dcsertorum Forsk. ^Egyptus.

1 maculosa Born. Nubia.
Eulota llartm Fruticicola Held.

llradybfoiia Bk.

2 , , castor Fer.<: t. juv. Madagascar.

6 Helix.

108 2 limbata Drp. Gallia.

109 1* Olivieri Fer. uRicinoni."

110 3 incarnata Mull. Helvetia.

111 2* obstructa Fer. Africa bor.

112 8 cartusiana MiilL Gallia.

113 4 similaris Fer. Brasila.

114 2 fasciata.

115 2* fruticum Miill. Dania.

116 2 strigella Drp.

117 2 umbrosa Partsch. Saxonia

118 1 villosa Drp. Helvetia.

119 1 planorboides Raf. Ohio.
Petasiiia Bk. Co mi I u* Fttz.

120 3 edentula Drp. Germ.
IMtys Bk.

122 2* bilamellata Pfr. Opara.
Tridopsis Rat. tiicliistoma IU

(Caracollina Ehrb.)

123 2 lenticula Fer. Tanger.

124 4 Sicilia.

125 5 lens Fer. Rm. Eur. mer.

126 2 barbula Charp. I. Jonic.

(Vortex Bk.)

127 2* angigyra Z. Italia.

128 2 obvoluta Miill. Helvetia.

129 1 holoserica Stud.

(Drepanostoma Porro.)

130 1* nautiiiformis Porro. Italia bor.

(Polygyra Say.)

131 1* cereolus Meg. Am. sept.

132 1* volvoxis Par. —

Helix. I

(Daedalochila Bk.)

133 1 auriculata Say. Louisiana.

(Tridopsis Raf.)

134 1* fraterna Say. Am. septr.

H. convexa Rf. 0 Pfr.

135 2* hirsuta Say,

137 1* personata Lam. Germania.

138 t* fallax Say. Am. sept.

139 1* palliata Say. Ohio.

140 1 obstricta Say.

141 1 thyroidus Say.

142 1* albolabris Say.

143 2* major Binney.

Polygryratla fSray. Opliiogryra Alb.

144 1 polygyrata Born. Brasilia.

Fer. t. 69 A. f. 7—9.

145 I charybdis n. Fer. t. 69 B. f. 5? —

H. polygyrata minor Autt.

146 1 (detrita.)

Helicigoiia Rlsso.

(Chilotrema Leach.)

147 4 lapicida L. I. Moen.

(Campylasa Bk.)

148 1 intermedia Fer. Steiermark.

149 1 coerulans Miihlf. Croatia.

H. lacticina Z.

150 4* alpina F. Big. Gallia.

151 1 tigrina Jan. Eur. mer.

152 1* Schmidtii Z. Carniol.

153 2 setosa Z. Eur. mer.

8

Helix.

154 2 Sadleriana Z.

155 2* hirta Mke

156 1 cingulata Stud.

157 1 macrostoma Miihlf.

158 1 Zonata Z.

159 2 trizona Z.

160 1 Raspailii Payr.

161 2 Pouzolzi Dh.

162 2 var.

163 1* planospira Lam.

164 1* foetens Stud.

165 2 cornea Drp.

166 1* var. H. squamatina F.

167 1 sativa Parr.

168 2* pyrenaica Drp.

(Sterna Alb.) non L.

169 2* quimperiana Fer.

(Arianta Leach.)

170 8 arbustorum L.
Solaropsis Bit.

J71 1

172
173

Eur. mer.

Helvetia.

Dalmatia.

Corsica.

Dalmatia

Corsica.

Eur. mer.

Austria.

Gallia.

Eur. mer.

Brasil.

Moricandi Bk.

H. serpens Spix non Martyn.
H. punctata Wagn. non Born.
2* brasiliana Dh. —

1* pellis serpentis Ch IX. f. 1095,
96, an var. major praecedentis ?

174 1* serpens Martyn.

H. pellis serpentis Fer. t. 75 A f. 2.
Macrocyclis Bk.

1* laxata Fer Chile.

H. peruviana Lam.

175

Helix.

Ampelita Bk

176 1* lanx Per.

177 1 ,,lachesis Fer!" ined.

178 1 madagascariensis Lam.

179 7* sepulturalis Fer.

H. labrella Lam.

180 2* var.

181 1 var.
282 1 var.

Eyrysfoma (Alb.) n.

183 5 vittata Mull.

184 2 alba, major et minor.

185 3 fallaciosa Fer.

Greotrocfms (v. Hasselt.)

187 1 lituus Les.

H papuana Q. & G.

188 1 labium Fer. vix Pfr.

189 1 pileus MulL

Plaiilspira Bk.

(Chloritis Bk. Semicornu Kl.)

190 1 sp. n.

H. unguicula Fer. t. 76. f. 4.
(Planispira Bk.)

191 1 zonaria L.

192 1 coluber Bk.

193 3* zonalis Fer.

194 1* porrecta Yoldi. ined.

195 1* sp. n.

H. porrecta var. Yoldi.

196 1* Moricandi Sow.

Madagascar.

Ind. or.

N. Guinea.

Archip. ind.

Java.

Ind. or.

Philippin.

10 Helix.

197 2 Lasallii Eyd. ^ Philippin.

H. meretrix Sow.

198 1 sp.

Obba Kk. Pusiodon 8w.

199 1 rota Brod. _

200 2 Listeri Gray.

201 1 var.

202 4* papilionacea Val.

203 3 planulata Lam.

H. auriculata Sw.

204 1* columbarium Sow*

205 1 sp.

206 1 platyodon Pfr. China.
Discus (Alb.) n.

207 3 Kierulfii Morch. Philippin.
Carocolla Jiff. Serpentulus HI. Lam-

padion Bolt.

208 1 angistoma Fer. Antill.

209 1* carocolla L. —

210 2 C. albilabris Lam. —

211 2 minor.

212 1 distorta.

213 2 marginella Gm. Portorico.

H. indiscreta Mull 1837.
H. Bornii Pfr.
L. orbiculare Bolt.
Pleurodonta Fiscli.

214 t heteroclites Lam. Fer. t. 57 f. 2 Jamaica.

215 I Lamarckii var. a Fer. t. 57 f. 1 —

216 1* acuta Lam. Enc. Fer. t. 57. f. 3. —

H. acutissima. Lam. hist.

Helix. 1 1

2* lychnuchus Mull. Martinica.

5* Josephinae Fer. Guadeloupe.

Dentellarla Soli.

1 formosa Fer. c. epid. Antill.

1* nigrescens Gray. Guadeloup.

1* sp. ?

diff. a praecedente, t. depressa.

columella edentula.

2* badia Fer, Guadeloup.

2* dentiens Fer. Martinique.

2* obesa Bk.
3 punctata Born.

H. hippocastanum Lam.

Lyrostoma (Sw.) n.

226 I1 peracutissima Ad. Jamaica.

H. straminea Alb.

227 1* picturata Ad.

H. sinuata Lam. Del.

228 1 sinuata Mull.

L. turrita Bolt. Ch. IX. f. 1010-12.

229 2 invalida Ad.

230 1 anomala Pfr.

Labyrliithu* Bk

231 3 plicata Born. Puerto CabeL

232 1 auriculina Petit. Guyana.

Anostf oma Fiscti. Tomogeres Ultf.

233 1 depressa Lam. Campeche.

H. ringens Aut. non. L.

234 I* ringens L. Brasilia.

A. globulosa Lam.

12

Helix.

Otala Bit.

(Parthena Alb.)

235 1* angulata Fer.

C. in flat a Lam.
(Otala Bk.)

236 2* lima Fer.

237 6* incerta F.

238 3*jun.

239 1* auricoma Fer.

II. microstoma Lam.

240 1 discolor Fer.

241 2*

242 2 orbiculata Fer.
Coryda (Alb.) n.

243 2* pudibunda Bk.

H. alauda Fer. y. Pfr.

244 2* nemoralina Petit.

245 4 jun.

246 1* var.

247 2* monodonta Lea.

248 1* indistincta Fer.

249 2* Troschelii Pfr.
Ulyoena %lb. Cochlea

(Hemicycla Sw.)

250 1 plicaria Lam.

H. plicatula Lam* hist.
(Mycena Alb.)

251 2 Saulcyi d'Orb.

252 3 sarcostoma Webb. & B.

253 1 Adansonii W. & B.

254 1 malleata Fer.

255 1*

Portorico.

S. Thomas.

Cuba.

Cayenne.

Guyana.

Cuba.

S. Thomas.

S. Jan.
Haiti.
America.
Cuba.
Adaiisou.

Cuba.

Canar.

Teneriffa,
Canar.

Helix.

13

256
257

258
259
260

261

262

263

264

I

265

2

266

2*

267

2

268

5

269

2

270

2

271

2

272

1*

273

1

274

1*

275

3

276

8

277

1*

278

1*

f\

279

C
1

280

1

2* consobrina Fer. Canar.

2 var.

2 var.

2 Gaudryi d'Orb.

9* undata Lowe. Madeira.

H. Groviana Fer.
1* nivosa Sow.

H. phlebophora Lowe.
Helicogeiia Bias.
(Iberus Mtf.)

1 Gualteriana L. Almeria.

(Macularia Alb.)

1 scabricula Dh Sicilia.

H. erycina Ch. & J.
var.

strigata Mull. Italia.

2* serpentina Fer.
var.

var. minor.

var 0 Pfr. Sicilia.

niciensis Fer. Italia.

var. —

marmorata Fer. dm. 25 m. Gaucin.

var.

var. minor perist. albo. Eur. mer.

splendida Drp.

var.
alabastrites Mich, fasciis 5. Algir.

var. alba.
(Tachea Leach.)

signata Fer. Eur. mer.

var. —

14

Helix.

281

2*

282

2

283

21

'284

21

285

3

286

1

287

1*

288

1*

289

1

290

1*

291

2

292

6*

293

0
5

294

2*

295

1

296

1*

297

1*

m

298

A<

2

299

2*

300

2

301

1

302

1*

303

1*

304

sylvatica Drp,
globularis Z. Rm. f. 442
21 platychela Mke.
sicana Fer.

fasciata.

vindobonensis C. Pfr.
H. austriaca Miihlf.
nemoralis L. dm. 27 m.
scalaris.
scalaris.
sinistrorsa.

var? H. hybrida Poiret.
hortensis Miill.
(Archelix Alb.)

vermiculata Miill.
2* alonensis Fer.
Codringtoni Gray,
lactea Miill.

hieroglyphicula Michaud.
%c*avus Ultf.
haemastoma L.
melanotragus Born
var. albofasciata.

jun.
Waltoni Reeve.

var. termis.
Oxychona n.
2'' bifasciata Burrow.

H. Blancbetiana Moric.

Eur. mer.
Sicilia.

Austria.
I. Moen.

Gallia.

Herlufsholm.

Dania.

Eur mer.
Hispania.
Graecia.
Eur. mer.
Algir.

Ceylon.

305 3* var. perist. carnea.

306

CMoraea lib.

2 Thersites Brod.

Brasilia.

Philippin,

Helix. 15

3* fibula Sow. Philippin

4 Hugelii Pfr.

H. bifasciata Lea.
1* Hanleyi Pfr.
1 amoena Pfr.
1* constricta Pfr.
1 sirena Bk.
Orustia ii.
1* monticula Sow.
1* sphaerica Sow.
t balteata Sow.
2* annulata Sow.
1* iloconensis Sow.
1 fenestrata Sow.

2* viridis Dh. Madagascar.

1* var.
Corasia Alb.

1 reginas Brod. labro incomplete. Philippin.

2 albayensis Brod.
1*

2 Valenciennesii Eydoux.

1 intorta Sow*

1* ponderosa Pfr?
3* decipiens Sow.
t* mirabilis Fer.

2 H. fulgens Sow.

H. formosa 2. Wood.
4* viridostriata Lea. fasciata.
2* H. polychroa Sow.
1* var. ferruginea.
1* var. castanea.
2 var. unicolor. —

16 Helix.

Philippin.

336

t* florida Sow.

337

4* hydrophana Sow.

338

4" metafonnis Fer.

339

1* fasciata.

Axina (Alb.) n.

340

1* zebuensis Brod.

341

1* Cumingii Pfr.

342

2 Roissyana Fer.

343

3* var. castanea.

344

2 polita.

345

2

346

4 melanochila Val.

H. brunnea Sow.

347

2* pan Brod.

348

1* pulcherrima Sow.*)

349

1* var.

350

i* var.

351

1 var. sulphurea spira conoidea.

Helicophanta Fer.

352

1 cornu giganteum Ch. (epid. de-

nudat.) 82 m.

H. vesicalis Lam.

353

1 magnified Fer.

H. polyzonalis Lam.

356

I2 (polita.)

Galaxias (Bk.) n..

357

2* argillacea Fer.

358

3* lucana Mull.

359

3* globulus Mull.

H. lucana Lam. non Mull.

360

2* _

Madagascar.

,,Timor."
Cap.

¥) H. festiva Don. autoritate cl. Cumingii propria species est.

Helix.

17

Coeiiatoria Held

3 Mazzulii Jan.
var. fasciata.
var. globosa.
aspersa Miill.
sinistrorsa.
distorta. Cornu copiae Born.

Ig. 50 m. Beauvais.
2* lutescens Z.
1 pomatia L. sinistrorsa.

H. pomaria
sp.

2
I

5*
1*

1*

Pomatia Bk.

Sicilia.

Eur. mer.

Gallicia.
Eur. mer.

1* sp. Hisp. mer.

2 vulgaris Z. Eur. mer.

2 srisea L. —

H. cincta Miill.
H. obtusalis Z.
melanostoma Drp. Lusitania.

var. Gallia.

lucorum Miill. Italia.

CCantareus Risso.)

4 terrestris Forsk. p. 33 n. 85. Italia.
H. aperta Born.
H. naticoides Drp.
t* c. operculo.
Polymita Bk.

(Liostoma Sws.)
1* jamaicensis Oh. Jamaica.

(Polymita Bk.)
2 pictaBorn. lineaalba, nigro ter-

minata; colum. fascia; nigra. Cuba.
2* var. linea alba.

18 Helix.

383 2 var. linea nigra. Cuba.

384 2* var. fascia suturali nigra.

385 2* var. __

386 2* var.

387 1 var.

388 1* versicolor Born.

389 2 muscarum Lea. Jamaica

H. globulosa Fer.

390 1 var.

391 2 var.

392 1 var. alba.
Pomatia (Bolt.) n.

393 1 undulata Fer. Haiti.

H. lineolata Lam.

394 1 cornti militare L. detrita. ?

H. gigantea Scop. Lam.
H. malum terrse Ch.
lauira Alb.

395 2* codonodes Pfr. Nicobar.

396 2 detrita.

397 2 jun.

S tylodoii Clip. & Jan. Columplica OTous

398 1* uniplieata Sow. Mous. J. Sechelles.
Paeliya (Alb.) n.

399 5* cepoides Lea. Philippin.
Sagda Bk.

400 1 torrefacta Ad. Jamaica

401 1 pila Ad.

Artemon Bk. Streptaxis Gray.

402 1* SpixianaPfr. Brasilia<

H. Candida Moric.

403 1* Wagneri Pfr.

Achatina.

19

404 1* Dunkeri Pfr. Brasilia.

A. epistylium Mull. Bk?

405 2* contusa Fer. —

406 3* jun. _

407 2 alveus Dkr. —

408 1 comboides d'Orb.

Trib. 9. iSnlimidcfi.

Testacella Lam.

409 5* haliotoidea F. Big. Gallia.
Ampliiluilima Lam

410 I1 tigrSna Les. Fer. Brasilia.
Sueciiiea Drp.

411 1* rubescens Dh. Guadeloupe.

412 1

413 1* pustris L. Am. septr?

S. amphibia Lam.

414 3 sp. Brasil.

415 4* oblonga Drp. Dania.

416 1* sp. ?

417 3 ronlandica Bk. Kuksuk.

418
419

420

421

422

3 gronlandica Bk.
Siinpulopsis Bk

2* atrovirens iMoric.
2 obtusata Sow.

H. brasiliensis Moric.
1* sulculosa Fer.
Oleaeiiia Bolt. Polypliemus

C* la iid ilia Sell.
(Homorus Alb.)

Brasilia.

3* cyanostoma Riipp.
(Melia Alb.)
2 venusta Pfr.

Abyssinia.

Jamaica.

2"

20 Achalina.

423 t* leucozonias Gm.

Strombus rufus (edentulusper-

elegans) Mart.
A. albolineata Lam.
(Oleacina Bolt?)

424 1* cubaniana d'Orb.

(Glandina Bk.)

425 1 rosea Fer!

if at

L Martinique.

Cuba.

Florida.

426 1 algira Brug.

H. Poireti Brug,
(Cionella Jeffr.)
4* folliculus Meusch.
/tzcca Leacli.
2 tridens Pult.

P. Godallii Mich.
Acicula lti*«o.
2 acicula Mull.
Siibulina Bk.
430 octona Ch.

Acliaf ina Lam.

1* acuta Lam. L, 120 m.

A. mauritiana P. & Mich.
1 fulica Fer.

A. mauritiana Lam.
t* variegata Roissy.

A. elegans Link.

434 3 jun.

435 1* marginata Sws.

436 3* purpurea Ch.

437 1 var.

427

428

429

431

432

433

Algier.

Eur. mer.

Gallia.

Dania.

I* S. Crucis.
Areliacliatiiia Alb.

I. Mauritius.

Guinea.

Achaiina. 21

438 2* immaculata Lam? Ig. 75 m. Senegal.

A. variegata R. t. V. f. 3, c.

439 t Zebra Ch. Guinea

440 t tigrina Cumg. Fer. t. 133 f. min. —

441 2 bicarinata Brug.

A. sinistrorsa Pfr.

442 I1

443 1* ustulata Lam. Fer, non Reeve. Africa.

Colutnha Peppy.

444 1* columna Mull.

Pseudotpochus HI. Cliersiiia Humplir
Liguus mtf.

445 2* virginea L. Cuba.

446 3 var.

(Oxystrombus Kl.)

447 1 fasciata Mull.

448 I lineata Val. Humb. Voy, t. 55 f. 2.

449 1* crenata Sws.

450 2* var. sulphurea.

451 1* var. Ig. 73 m.

A. fasciata var. c. Pfr. Reeve f. 35 c.

452 1* alabaster Rang. I. Princip.

Pseudacliatiiia Alfo.

453 1* Downesii Gray. jun. 50 m. Fernando Po»

A. Kerkadonis Grat?

Helictepes Fep. Acliatiuella Sws,

454 4* lorata Fer. jun. I. Sandwich,

A. bulimoides Sws.

455 1* var?

456 1 var? —

22

Acbatina.

457

458
459
460
461
462
463

464

4 decora Fer. I. Sandvich.

3* var. __

3* var?

1* prasinus R.

1* sp.

1* insignis Pfr. _^_

1* bicolor Jay jun?

Tornatelliiia 15k

2* trochiformis Bk! I. IUan Fern,

Limicolarius Sell

21 Kambeul Ad Bolt Guinea,

aedilis Fer. t. 141 A. f. 4.
sp.
B. Kambeul P. & Mich. XIII. 1 1,12.

flammeus Mull.

strigata Mull,
striatula MiilL
sp.
flammigera Fer.

non A. Richii Reeve. - jun.
Ortlialiciis Bk.

1* regina Fer. t. 119 f. 5. Columbia.

1* perversa Sws. Brasil.

A. regina sinistrorsa Pfr.
Zebra MiilL Bk. Antill.

var.

undatus Brug.

var. B. pulchellus Spix.
gallina sultana Ch. Brasil.

Bui I in us. Scop.
Plectostylus Bk.
481 2* peruvianus Brug. Peru.

465

21

466

1*

467

1*

468

I

469

1

470

1

471

1

472

1

473

2

4h,

474

ifj
1*

475

1*

476

3

477

2

478

6*

479

2

480

1

Bulimtis.

23

482 1* var gracilior.

483 2* coquimbensis Brod.

484 5* chilensis Les.

B. granulosus Brod.

485
486

487
488

490
491
491
492

494
493
496

497

498

499

500

501
502

4*

3

2

JIe*e m briii 11* Alb.

1* lita Fer.

1 pseudosuccineus Moric.

1 liliaceus Fer.

1 citrinovirens Moric!

Bulimulus Leach.

5* virgulatus Fer.

B. caraibaeorum Lam.

H elongata Bolt (Ch. IX. f.
1125 a.)

var. strigata.

var. carnea.
Kammereri n.
10* exilis Gm.
Rabdotus Alb.

4 albicans Brod.

5 scalariformis Brod.
4 Laurentii Sow.
M%siotus Alb.

1* nux Brod.
2* escariferus Sow.
Rumina Risso.
6* decollates L.
4 pulli.

Obeliscus (Alb.)
2 calcareus Born.

Columna maritima Spx.
1 obeliscus Moric.

Peru.
Chile.

Brasilia,

Antill.

St. Thomas.

Bolivia.

Peru.

Chile.

Gallopagos.

Eur. mer.

BrasiL

24

I) u limns

503 1* sylvaticus Spx. Brasilia,

504 1 subuliformis Moric. —
Opeas lib

505 3* clavulus Fer. Guadeloupe.

506 1 mimosarum d'Orb* Brasilia.

507 3 micra d'Orb. —

508 2 oryza Brug. Guadeloupe.
CocJilicellus For.

509 6* conoideus Drp. Eur. mer.

510 2* sp. |. Canar.

511 4 ventrosus Fer. E. mer.

B. ventricosus Drp. nou. Ch.

512 8* acutus Mull.

513 3 turricula (Turbo Ch. XI. 2063-C4 Gallia.

Turritella turricula Link.
B. articulatus Lam.
macroceramiis 6uild. Colobus Alb.

514 1*

515 4

516

lineatus Brug.

B. cylindricus Gray»
Guildingii Pfr,

M. signatus Guild, non Spx.
2* formosus Gray.

C. pupiformis Fer.
517 4 Gossei Pfr.

Cylindrella Hydeana Ad.
Jflastus UK.
2 pullus Gray?
C ylinclrus Fitz*
3* obtusus Drp.
Brepliulns 15k.
detritus Mill).

B. radiatus Brug.

518

519

520

Guadeloupe.

J. Tortola.

S. Domingo.

Jamaica.

Ind. or.

Austria.

Eur.

mer

Bulimus. 25

521 2 fasciolaris Olivi. Creta.

522 2 cylindricus Mke. Tauria.

B lineatus Rm.
B. tauricus Lang.

523 1* sp. Eur. mer.

524 2 illibatus Z.

525 3 sp.

526 2* bidens Kryn. —

527 2* zebriola Fer. —

B. zebra Olivi non Mull.

528 2 sp.

529 1 gibber Kryn. Tauria.

B. revolutus Z.

530 1 sp.

531 1* Tournefortiana Fer. Graecia.

P. tridentata Lam.
Ena Leacli.
(Petraaus Alb.)

532 2 labrosus Fer. Syria.

533 3 arabicusFrsk. 127. (monenteStp.) Arabia.

P. Candida Lam.
B. Forskalii Bk.

534 2 obesatus W. & B. 1. Canar.

(Ena Leach.)

535 1* montanus Drp. Gallia.

536 3* obscurus Mull. Hirschholm,

(Peristoma Kryn.)

537 1* appenninus Jan. Eur. mer.

B. assimiiis Rm.

538 1 merduenianus Kryn. Tauria.

B. tener. Z.

26 Bulimus.

Scutalus Alb.

539 1* heterotrichus Moric! Brasilia.

540 2* velutino hispidus Moric!

541 1 Tupacii d'Orb. Bolivia.

542 1 sp. praeced. afF. Herradura.

543 1* proteus Brod. Peru.

544 1 var. fasciata.

545 5 derelictus Brod* Chile.
Llostracus Alb.

546 2 multifasciatus Lam. Guadeloupe.

547 2* var, Brasilia.

548 1* coxeirana Moric.*) trifasciata.

549 1* var. bifasciata.

550 1* var. fusca, fascia lutea.

551 5* var.

552 I* opalinus Sow.

"B. angulosus Fer."

553 3* vimineus Moric.

554 * var.
Otostoiims 1SK.

555 1* auris muris Moric.

O. myotis Bk.

556 2 auris leporis Brug.

557 3 var.? basi gibboso.

Stenostoma auritum Spx.
O. lateralis ,,Mke.« Bk. ?

558 1* navicula Wag. —

Navicula fasciata Spix.

*) «Mr. de Ferussac 1'a nommee depuisH. picturata. Je ne vois
pas pourquoi it a change le nom que je lui avais donne, d'
autant plus que c'est de moi qu'il a eu cetle coquille/ de Yoldi.

Bulimus.

27

559

560
661

662

663
664
665

666
667

668

669
670
671
672
673
674
675

676

677

678

Alb.

1* multicolor Hang.
Gonyostomus UK.

2* goniostomus Fer.
1* fusiformis Rang.

6. dubiosus Jay.
1* capueira Spix.

B. angiostomus Wag.
Eurytfus Alb.
1* Onca d'Orb.
1* succinoides Petit.
1 pullus.

Bulimus Scop.

Brasilia.

3*

I

1

1

2

1

1*

N. Granada.

1 glandiformis Lea. N. Granada.

1* lutescens King. Buen. Ayres.

B. nucleus Sow.
3* crenulatus Pfr. Chile.

B. chilensis Sow.

rosaceus King. —

granulosus Rang. Brasilia.

jun.

ovum B. ovati? —

oblongus Mull. Am. mer.

polita.

chionostoma n. Brasilia.

B. ovatus var. Pfr.
B. ovatus Sw. Treat, p. 1 78 f. 26 ?
1* ovatus Miill. —

Boms (Alb.) n.
2* iostoma Sow. —

B. phasianella Val.
1 var. —

28 Bulimus.

679 1* Moritzianus Pfr. Columbia.

680 1* Taunaisii Per. 1. 50 m. Brasilia.
Pacliyotus Bit.

681 bilabiatus Brod.

H. Maximiliana Fer.

682 1* egregius Jay.

B. bilabiatus, minor Pfr.

683 1* melanostomus Sws.

684 1 Swainsoni Pfr.

685 1* Ulecola Moric.

B. rhodospira Bk.
Coniclus Alb

686 1* perplexus Sow.

B. Myersii Sow.
Strophochila almeida Spx. ?

687 1* pudicus Mull.
PlecocMlus Guild.

688 1 auris Sileni Born. I. S. Vincent,

689 2* undulatus Martini. Antill.

B. glaber Gm,

690 I* sp

691 1* distortus Ch. Am. mer.

692 2 var.

793 1* signatus Spix.

Odo ii tost 0111 us BK.

594 4* bahiensis Moric. Brasilia.

595 1 bahicola n.

B. bahiensis Reeve f. 442.
Differt a praecedente t. graci-

liore, ap. angustiore, plica

columellari minore, vix di-

visa; colore grisea.

Bulimus. 29

596 1* juvencus n. Brasilia.

B. fuscagula «Lea" jun. d'Orb.

Voy. p. 317 (excl. diagn.)
H. miliola ib. t 39 f. 1. 2.
B. janeirensis Sow. var. Pfr.

597 2 fuscagula Lea.

598 1 var

599 1 exesa Spix.

600 1 leucotrema Bk.

601 1 paiitagruelinus Moric.

Scarabus labrosus iVik.

602 4* pupoides Spix.

P. inflata Wag.

H. fasciata P. & M.

603 1* odontostomus Sow.

H. gargantua Per.
Tomigemis 8px.

604 1* tomigeroides Moric. Brasilia

T. turbinatus Spx.

Anostoma tomigera Moric. Bk.

605 3 dentatus Gray.

P. Sowerbyana Fer.
Partulus Fer.

606 1* fulvicans Pfr. 1. 35 M. Seychelles.

607 3* faba Martyn. I. Societ.

B. autralis Brug.

608 5* gibbus Fer. I. Marian.

609 1 Thersites Pfr. I. Sandwich.

P. inflata Reeve.

610 1* roseus Brod. I. Societ.

611 8* vanikorensis Q & G. —

30 Bulimus.

612 1* Hebe Pfr. J. Societ.

613 1* otaheitanus Brug. Taiti.
Caryodes (Alb.) n,

614 2 Dufresnii Leach. N. Holland.

615 1 melo O. & G.

616 1 inflatus Lam.

617 1 bulla Mke?
Placostylus lilt.

618 1* Shongii Les. N. Guinea.

619 1 fibratus Martyn. N Zeland.
Chrysallis (Alb.) n.

620 2 chrysalidiformis Sow. Philippin.

621 5 Wagneri Grat.*)

B, ustulatus Jay.

622 1 var.? B. aspersus Grat. t. 4. £ 3.

623 4 mindoroensis Brod.

624 1 melanogaster n.

B.. mindoroensis var. f. Brod.
B. m.-Ch. d'Orb. Diet. c. fig.

625 2 electricus Reeve.

B. mindoroensis k. Brod.
B. lichenifer Morch.

626 1* var. crassa.

627 2 virgatus Jay.

B. sylvanus Brod.

628 3 dryas Brod.

B. porraceus Sow. non. Jay.

629 3 jun. B. paradoxus Pfr. —

*) B. Wagneri Pfr. = Cochlog (Dontosloma) distenla Per. Bull.
(1827-28) Vol. (3; p. 153. n°. 41.

Bnlimus. 31

Orttiostylus ( 15k.) n.

630 1 inversus Mull* polita. I. or.

631 2 perversus L. dextrorsa.

632 1 sinister (Mull.) n.

H. perversa viridis Ch. IX.

936, 37.

B. perversus d virens Bk. £ Pfr.
H. sinistra y. e. Mull.
H. sinistra Mart. N. Manigf.

t. 2. f. 2, 3.
H. biliosa a Bolt.

633 1* chloris Reeve. Philippin.

634 1* var. abbreviata.

635 1* laevis Mull. 1. or.

636 1* poreellanus Mous.

637 1 sp. —
Cauisfrum Kl.

638 2* luzonicus Sowb.

B. ovoideus autt. non Brug

639 2* var.

640 2* var.

641 1* stabilis Sow. —
Eudoxus (Alb.) n.

642 1* Dumonti Pfr. (Helix) Philippin.

643 2* albinus Grat.

B. virgineus Lea.

B. bullula Brod.
1* cincinniformis Brod.
7 var. —

2* labiozonalis Grat. rosea. —

B. cincinnus Sow.
647 2 v. rufescens. —

32 BulinuiR.

648 2 v. alba, fascia suturali rosea. Pliilippin.

649 1 v. fascia suturali nigra.

650 2* var. fi. t. solida, angustiore.

rufescens.

651 1* alba, fascia suturali nigra.

652 1* rosea.

653 1 subcarinatus Pfr.

654 1 sp.

655 1 sp.
Pytohelix fc\v*

656 1* calista Brod.

657 1* boholensis Brod.

658 1* fulgetrum Brod.

659 1 satyrus Brod.
Helicobulmus Brod.

660 1* bicoloratus Lea.

B. Albert! Brod.

661 I1 imperator Pfr.

662 6 philippinensis Pfr.

663 I4 rufogaster Lesson, polita.

664 1 sp. n?

B. rufogaster. Less, abbreviate,

665 1* Reevii Brod.

666 1* Woodianus Lea.

667 3 var.

668 1* var. alba.

669 1* sarcinosus Fer.

Pupa Drp.

Plioeiiicobius n.

670 2 brachyodon Sow.

Pupa

33

2 adustus Sow. Philippin.

2 aratus Sow. —

1 var. straminea. —
Oibbulina Bk.

2 Lyonetiana Pallas. 1. Mauritius.

1 pagoda Fer.

H. concamerata Wood.
2* sulcata Mull. —

2 palanga Les —
I* var. abbreviata List. 588 f. 49.

var.

versipolis Fer. —

2* dealbata Web. & B. I. Canar.

Ptychotrema n.

1 guineensis (Cyclodontina) Bk. ! Guinea.
HcgaKpira Lea.
1 Ruschenbergiana Lea.
Cerioii Bolt. (Sfrophia Alb.)
10* uva L.

1*
2

1 sp.

2* striatella Fer.

3 cbrysalis Fer.

Gruneri Pfr.?

alvearia Dw.
var.?

• His If

I
1
1
1*

Brasilia.

lIZHf IS"*

Caracas.
Antill.
Martinique.
Cuba.

Guadeloupe.

sp.

Torquilla Stud

1 bulimoides Pfr.

H. sidoniensis Fer.
4* quinquedentata Born.

P. cinerea Drp.

(Chondrina Reichb.)
Syria,

1828.

Eur. mer.

34

694 2* secale Drp. Eur. mer.

695 3* avenacea Brug.

P. avena Drp.

696 1* nana Muhlf.

P. Philippii Cantr.

697 2 granuin Drp.

698 1* frumentum Drp. Gallia.

699 3* variabilis Drp.

700 2* polyodon Drp.

Odoiitocyclas Schliitt. (Scopelophila Alb.)

701 2 Rossmassleri Schmidt. Carniolia.
Clioiidrus C uv. Clio 11 drill a UK.

702 2* quinqueplicata Muhlf. Dalmatia

703 1 spreta Z.

704 \ Bergeri Roth. Graecia.

P. tricuspis Bk.

705 3* quadridens Drp. Gallia.
Pupu I a Leach,

706 2 dolium Drp.

707 8 doliolum Brug.

708 10* umbilicata Drp.
Vertigo iniill.

709 6* antivertigo Drp. Germania.

. V. septemdentata Fer.
Clausilia Drp.

710 3* trideiis Ch. Portorico.

C. costulata Lam.

711 1 torticollis Olivi. Creta.

712 1 retusa Oliv.

713 4 exarata Z. Dalmatia.

714 1* sulcosa Wag.

C. ragusensis Z.

Clausilia. 35

715 2 lamellosa Wag. Dalmatia.

716 4* biplicata Mtg. Dania.

C. similis Charp.

717 4 varians Z. Eur. mer.

718 1 «orcitans" Malta.
Urucoptis 15k C > liiidrella PIi*.

(Strophina n.)

719 52 Latteradi Grat.? I. Beate.

(Urucoptis Bk. Thaumasia Alb.)

720 2 cylindrus Cb. Jamaica.

721 1 brevis Pfr. _

(Brachypodella Bk. Mychostoma
Alb.)

722 1* collaris Fer. Antill.

723 6* antiperversa Fer. —

724 1* sp.

(Apoma Bk. Casta Alb.)

725 5* elongata Ch. —

H. Cliemnitziana Fer.
Lia Alb.

726 2* Maugeri Gray. Jamaica*

727 5* var. alba.

Fa in. f.i in 11 PC a dee.

Aiieylu^ Geofp.

728 3 sp. Am, mer.

(Acroloxus Bk.)

729 4 bahiensis Moric. ! —
Limnaea L<am Auricula Kl

730 3 sp.

731 1 ovalis Gray. Ind. or.

36 Lymnaa

(Limnophysa Fitz.)

732

6* Vahlii Bk.

Gronland.

733

5 jun.

—

734

3 Pingelii Bk.

—

735

5 viator d'Orb.

Am. mer.

736

4 peregra Mull

Finland.

(Neritostoma KL Radix Mtf. Gul-

naria Leach.)

737

4 desidiosa Say*

Am. bor.

738

4 geisericola Bk.

Islandia.

C hiliim Gray.

739

2 Dombeyana Brug.

Chile.

740

2 var. spira abbreviata

~

741

1 fluctuosa Humpbr.

—

742

1 major Sow. juv.

—

743

3* tenuis Gray.

—

Physa I, a in. Bulimus Ad.

744

2* Maugeri Gray.

Mexico.

745

4 rivalis Mat. & Rack.

Brasilia.

746

3 sp.

Chile.

747

4* sp.

I. S. Crucis.

748

4 crassula Dw.

Pensylvania.

749

2 gyrina Say.

—

Planorbis Geoff. Coretus Ad.

750

1* bicarinatus Say.

Am. bor.

751

2 var.

—

752

1 sp.

Brasilia.

753

1 sp.

Teneriffa.

754

1 sp.

S. Thomas.

755

1 lutescens Lam.?

Antilh

756

2 ferrugineus Spix.

Bahia.

757

2 peruvianus Brod.

Coquimbo.

Planorbis. 37

758 4 exustus Dh, Ganges.

P. coromandelicus Fabr.

759 6 minor.

760 3* viridis Spix. Rio.

761 2* lugubris Wag.

762 4 arcticus Bk. Gronland.

Fain I urlculidrc.

Auricula I, am. Ellobium Bolt.

763 t* A. auris Midae L. I. or.

A midse Lam.

764 2 auris Judae L.

765 1 var. _

766 2 tridentata Mart. _

E. subtile Bolt.
A. reticulata Sch.
A. siiniae Fer.

Pythia Bolt. Polyodonta Fisch. Sea-
rabus Ifftf.

767 1* trigonus Troschel. vix Reeve. Sincapuhra.

768 21 plicatus Ch. var.? I. or.

769 1 castaneus Less,

770 1 Lessoni Blv. —

A. Petiveriana Dh.

771 1* imbrium Mtf. Leach.

H. pythia Mull.

772 2 helicina Bolt. (Ch. IX. 1249, 50) —

P. Listeri Reeve.
P. Listeriuna Bk.

Cassidula Fer. Rhodostoma S\v. Si-
dula G»ray.

773 2* angulifera Petit. N. Holl.

38 Auricula.

774 1* inflamata Bolt. I or.

V. coffea Ch. IX. f. 1043, 4.
C. Chemnitzii Bk.

775 1* felis Brug.

776 I* nucleus Martyn.

777 1* mustelse Dh.
Me* lampii* Ultf.

778 3 fusca Mart. 2. f. 445. Antill.

V. minuta Gm.
A. monile Lam.

779 6s torosa Mart. 2. f. 444.

V. flava Gm.

780 42 coffea L.

A. coniformis Lam.

781 I1 sp. Ind. or.

782 1* lutea Q $* G.
Tralia Gray.

783 10 ovulum Brug. Antill.

V. pusilla Gm.
A. nitens Lam.
Opfiicardelus Bk

784 1* australis Q. & G. N. Holl.
Aletia JLeach. Pytliia Gray.

785 3 myosotis Drp. M. med*

786 2* reflexilabris d'Orb. Chile.
C arycliiuin null.

787 4 minimum Mull. Sollerod.

Fam. Cyclostomidae.

Cyclostoma £.am. Mtf.

(Tropidophora Trosch.)

788 1* Cuvierianum Petit. 75 m» Madagasc,

Cyclosloma.

39

789 I* occlusum n.

Madagasc.

C. Cuvierianum var. minor Petit.
Differt a praecedente t. minore

(38 m.) umbilico fere triple

angustiore, obteco.

790 1* bicarinatum Sow.

C. multifasciatum Grat. ?

791 t* Michaudii Grat.

C. carinatum Lam. Sow. f. 117.

792 11 Barclayanum Pfr. c. op. I. Maurit.

C. carinatum Sow. f. 118.
(Otopomus Gray.)

793 3 Listeri Gray.

C. fimbriata ,,Lam." Deles.
C. Philippii Grat.

794 2* clathratulum Reel. c. op. Arabia.

Sow. f. 16 vix. f. 15.

795 1 ligatum Mull. Madagascar.

(Cyclostomus Mtf.)

796 2* costulatum Ziegl. 1. c. op. Eur. mer.

C. sulcatum Sow.

797 6 buccinulum Bolt.

C. sulcatum Drp.
C. siculum Sow.
C. affine Risso.

798 2* polysulcatum Pot. & Mich.

799 8* elegans Mull.

800 2* laevigatum Web. <& Berth. I. Canar.

C. canariense d'Orb,

Cyclotus Guild. Aperostoma Tr. Pla-
tystoma 141.

801 1* conoideum Pfr. I. Maurit.

40

Cyclosloma.

C. spurcum Sow.

802 1 Jamaicense Ch. Jamaica,

C. lineatus Gray.

803 2* corrugatum Sow. 1 c. op.

C. jamaicensis Gray.

804 1* inca d'Orb. Bolivia.

C. Blanchetiana Moric. !

805 2 brasilianum Sowb. c. op. Brasilia.

C. prorninula Fer.!

806 1* discoideurn Sow. Demerara.
Cyrtotoma n.

807 I2 mexicanum Mke. Acapulco.
Cistula Humphr. Chondropoma Pfr.

808 2 scabriculum Sow. c. op. Jamaica.

809 2 —
riciua Browne.

810 2 Humph reyanum Pfr.

C. pictum Humphr.
Tudora Gray.

811 10 megachila P. & M. c. op. Curacao*

C. simile Gray. Sow.
C. ravidum Parr.

812 1* versicolor Pfr. .Antill.

C. aurantiacum Sow.

C. aurantium Gray. W. S.

813 12* rufilabrum Bk.
Adamsiella Pfr.

814 2* variabile Ad. Jamaica.

C. mutatum Ad.

815 I1 Grayanum Pfr.

C. obscurum Gray.

816 2* igniiabre Ad.

818
819

Cyelostoma. 41

817 1 Banksianum Sow. Jamaica.

C. hyacinthinum Ad.
Chondropoma Pfv.
1* pictum Pfr. Cuba.

2* lunulatum Mull. AntilL

Pomatias Stud.

820 1* obscurum Drp. Eur. mer.

C. patulum Sow.

821 3* auritum 1. —

C. excisilabrum Meg. ocjohoq
Ste^apotoma Trosch.

822 1 rupestris Bens,.;*} ii«io>:- Jnd. or-

Cyclophorus IVItf.

(Cyclohelix n.)

823 6 turbo Ch.

824 1* trochoides (Helicodonta) Yoldi.

n. sp. Nicobar.

825 5* Zebra Grat, Philippin.

C. philippinarum Sow. var. f.
(Cyclophorus Mtf.)

826 I3 linguiferum Sow. f. 198. —

827 1 sp. Ind. or.

828 1 volvulus Mull. —

829 1* ceylanicum Pfr. c. op. Ceylon.

C. indicum Sow. non Dh.

830 1* Zollingeri Mous. Java.

831 1 involvulus (var. 0.) Mull. Ind. or.

832 3* Woodianum Lea. Philippin.

C. luzonicum Sow.

833 2 var.

834 1 canaliferura Sow. f. 141, 42 sup. Philippin.

(Leptopoma PfrO

835 1 Iin£»latiim Sow. f. 2NX Philippin.

®( I helicoides Grat. Pfr.

Stairforthii Sow. £ 215* 16\

837 1 coaeouMui Sow. £ 223 TIX 224. —

838 1 fiticmm Les, —

C. uitithun So 227. no* 225, 2&

839 3 i«ve Sow. £220.(noii221, 222)

840 2* hKiAni Lowe. CL 6^. Madeira.

^V^^^^tf^l f ~) I 7 1 ) % f i *) T T 1 ^ f 1 1 i~1

841 2 cyimAraecvB CV Portorico.

C. flavnlam Lam.
812 6 antillaraB Sow. L Tortola.

Philippin.

Frib. 9. Helicini*

Sws. AmpoJlina Blv.)
MB 1 Taakerrillei Gray. Jamaica.

80 2 Foirfcrlli Gray. —

H. SloaDii Per!
ft scitmla Wood.

850 2 Josephinae Ad.
CLaeideUa Sw*.}

851 2* aureola Per.

(Oligrfyra Say.J
892 2 castanea Ghdid.

853 2 eitrinoIalMis Ad.

854 3 brasi lieasis Gray.

855 6 Tar

856 3* variabilis Wag.

0. flava Spx. ft zomata Sow.

857 3* micobarica PWL c, op. Mcobar.

858 2* variabilis Gold, mom Wag. AmtilL

( Paehy stoaa SwsJ

859 1* cifrima GntL

ft poUfa Sow.

860 1* amramtia Gray. c. op.

861 V fasciata Lam. 1 Jem. e. op.

ft picta Per.

OCO 4* __-. n T «

862 2* meriteUa Lam. 1 c. op.

S63 4* sP AmtilL

864 4* solidmla Gray.

(Alcadla Gray.)

865 1* sdbmafgimata Gray. Cdba.

ft pmldberuma Lea. Sow. f 14.
ft. crassa fOA. ?*in**-v

866 2* major Gray.

j j

867 2* Bro wnii Ad. 1 c, sp.

868 2 HolJandi Ad.
Proserpina Guild

869 4 mitida Gmild.

44 Rissoa.

fa 1 11. Rissoadae.

%I vaitia RIs.

870 6 calathiscus Mtg. M. med.

T. cimex L?
A, europaea Risso.
Rissoina d'Orb.

871 1 sp. —

872 1 sp. AntilU

873 3 sp. _
Rissoa Frem.

874 6 auriscalpium L. m. med.

R. acuta Desm,

875 1 costata Desm. —

876 10 sp.

877 5 sp

Paludiiiella Rk* Sabinea Leaeli.

878 5 striatella Fabr. Groriland.

R. saxatilis Moll*

£

879 5 globulus MolL

Truiicatella Risso.

880 • 6 caraibaeensis Sow. Antill.

T. succinea Ad.

881 6 truncatula Drp. m. med.
Skeiiea Flcm.

882 5 planorbis Fabr. Gronland.

Fant. Pyramidellidee.

Pyramidella I^am. Obeliscus Iluntpli

883 2 punctata(Turbo)Ch.4.f.l493,94 I. Maurit.

Plotia guttata Link.
,, , -r .fe

P. maculosa Lam.

.

Pvramidella.

45

884 t* ventricosa Quoy. ap. Guerin. Vanikoro.

885 I2 dolabrata L. AntilL

886 23 lineata Bolt. Ch. V. f. 1603, 4. Guinea?

P. dolabrata Reeve. C. S.?

887 1* terebellum Mull. ?

888 1 var? ?

889 1 sp. Philippin.

890 1 sp. —

Riilima His.

891 1* sp. n. Ig. 17 m Lesson leg.

Fam. Littorinidie

Planaxis Lam.

892 1* planicostatus Sow. Gallopagos.

893 1 —

894 3 nucleus Lam. Antill.

895 4* var? _

896 20 lineatus Da Costa.

P. pedicularis Lam.

lloclulii* Gray.

897 4 lenticularis Ch.

Tr. modulus L.

898 2 tectum. Gm. Ind. or?

Littoriiia Fer.

(Pagodus Gray. Hamus Kl.)

899 2 pagodus L. Ind. or.

900 2* rugosa Gray*

901 12 tectum persicum L.

902 5 Antoni Phil. Antill.

903 2 muricata L. —

46

Plauaxis Littorina.

(Garagoi Kl. Phasianella Lam. p. p.)

904 2 Ziczac Ch.

905 6 carinata d'Orb.

906 8 umlulata Gray.

907 10 peruviana Lam.

L. zebra Wood.

908 1 sp.

909 10 undulata Gray.

910 6 angulifera Lam.

911 5 var.

912 2 var.

913 1 scabra L.

914 1* pulchra Sw.

!> i , ,' 1 10

T. zebra Mawe. Don

.1834

Ind. or.
Chile.

N. Holl.
Ind. or.
Brasilia.

Ind. or.
Panama.

915 8 guttata Phil.

Ph. punctata Pfr.

916 3 minima Wood.

917 4 neritoides L.

T. caerulescens Lam.
(Neritoides Brown.)

918 1* irrorata Say. c. op.

919 2 littorea L.

Antili.

M. med.

920 20* gronlandica Ch.

L. castanea Dh.
T Davidis Bolt

921 4 v. T. albocinctus Lnk. 1885 d-g.

922 4* var. T. diminutus Link. Ch.

1885. ab.

923 4* arctica Moll.

T. Httoralis Fab. non L.

Am. bor.
Eur. mer.
Gronland.

Solarium. 47

924 3 obtusata L. Dania.

N. pisum Meusch.
T. neritoides Gnv

925 6 sp. Islandia.
Lacuna Tiir< .

926 5 divaricata Fab. Gronland.
Solarium Lm. Arcliitcotoiiica Bolt.

927 1 australe Ch. China.

S. maximum Phil.

928 1 minor.

929 1 nobile Bolt. Ch. V. f. 1695, 6.

S. verrucosum Phil.

930 2 zonatum Phil. Ch. V. f. 1673? Ind. or.

(Torinia Gray. Heliacus d'Orb.)

931 2 bicarinatum d'Orb? Antill.

932 1* infundibuliformis Ch. Gm.

Tr. planior infundibuliformis

Ch. 1796. 7.
Tr. Chemnitzii. Ki.

933 3 stramineum Ch. Tranquebar.

A. gothica Bolt.

934 2 sp. ?

935 2 sp. ?

936 1* sp. c. op. ?

937 1 sp. ?

938 1 sp. ?

939 1 Herbert! Dh. Antill.

T. cylindraceus Ch?
T. cylindricus Gm.

940 2 trochoides Dh. ?

941 1 hybridum L. Ind. or.

48 Scalaria.

S. radiata Bolt.
S. cingulum Ki.
(Philippia Gray.)

942 5 luteum Lam. (non Phil.) Bengalia.
Scalaria Lam.

(Epitonium KI. Aciona Leach.)

943 1* scalaris L. Ind. or.

S. conica Lam.
S. genuina Link,
S. pretiosa Lam*

944 I1 neglecta Reeve & Ad. China.

945 1 sp

946 1 ferruginea n. —

S. Palasii Sow. f. 15.

947 21 nicobarica Bk. CoromandeL

Sow. f. 14.
(Scala Kl. Clathrus Ocken.)

948 1* clathrus L. M. med.

S. communis Lam.

949 1

950 9 var? ?

951 2 Turtonis (Risso) Sow. M. med.

S. planicosta Biv.

T. tenuicosta Mich. 1829.

952 6 lamellosa Lam.

S. pseudoscalaris Dh.

953 1* ambigua L. Ind. or.

S. lineata Ki.

S. lyra Sow. f. 38.

954 3* minuta Bolt. M. 4. f. 1435, 36. ?

T. Martinii Wood.
S. striata Ki.

Scalaria.

(Clathrus Gray.)

955 2* australis Lam.

956 2* gronlandica Ch. Ig. 40 m ;
2* Ig. 24 m; 22 m.

(Cirsotrema n.)
1 varicosa Lam.

49

958

N. Holl.
Gronland.

Ind. or.

959

960

961
962
963

964

965
966
967

Fa in Heteropoda.

Jaiithiiia Bolt

7 globosa Sw. China.

4 fragilis Lam.

T. ianthinus violaceus Ch.

1 violacea Bolt Kn. 2. 30. f. 2, 3. Oc. atl.
3. sp. —

2 exigua Lam,

0 mist us Iliimplir.
(Xenophora Fisch. Phorus Mtf.

6* trochiformis Born. Index. St. Thomas.

T. conchyliophorus Born.

T lithophorus Ch.

Ph. onustus Reeve (non Nils.)

Astraea lapidifera Bolt.
1* c. op.

1 corrugatus Reeve Ind. or.
1* umbilicaris Brander. Grignon.

Tr. Schroteri Gm.
Tr. agglutinans Lam.

968
969

970 1

Solaris L. dm. 88. m. c* spinis. Tranquebar.

Astraea polaris Bolt,
calculiferus Reeve. China.

4

50 Onustus.

(Onustus Humphr.)

971 1 exutus Reeve. China.
Carinaria Lam.

972 I1 cristata (Patella) L M. med.

C. mediterranea Perr.

Fa in t m |> ii 1 1 a i-ia <! av

% m pu Maria Lam
Pacliylabra Sw. (Pachystoma Guild.)

973 10 carinata Sw. Schr. Fl. IX. f. 14. Ind. or.

974 1 orbata Perry.

A. virens Lam. Del.
A. globosa Sw.

975 2* ampullacea L. Geve. f. 289 a. b.

A. celebensis Q. & G?

976 1 oblonga Sw. Philippin.

977 1 puncticulata Sw. ?
Pomus Humphr. (Ampullaria Sw.)

978 1 urceus Mull. Surinam.

A. rugosa Lam.

979 3 intermedia Fer. Brasilia.

A. sordida Sw.

980 1 (ova.)

981 1 scalaris d'Orb.

A. angulata Jay.
Ula^isa fipay. (Ceratodes Guild.)

982 1 effusa Mull.

983 2* castanea Dh. Martinique?

A. luteostoma Dh.

984 1* sp. Am. mer.

985 3 luteostoma Sw. —

986 23 cornu arietis L. —

Ampullaria. 5|

987 1 cornu arietis L. Am. mer.

988 1 fasciata Guild. —
Laiiistes Jit f.

989 2 Bolteniana Ch. ^Egyptus.

C. carinatum Olivi.
H. hyaliiia p?. Gm.

990 1 intorta Lam. Guinea.

991 1* guineensis Ch. —

L. Olivieri Mtf.
(Meladomus Sw.)

992 1* olivacea Sow. Zanzibar.

Bui. tristis Jay.
A purpurea Anton.
Olobulus Sow. (Euspira Ag.)

993 2 sigaretinus (Natica) Lam. Grignon f-

994 21 — —

995 2 patulus (Natica) Lam. —

996 4 minor. —

997 1 spiratus Dh. —

998 1 Willemeti Dh. —
(Lithoglyphus Meg.)

999 1* naticoides Fer. Eur. mer.

1000 1* fuscus Z. —
Valvaf a Hiill.

(Poecilospira n.) an Planorbis?

1001 1* trochus (Nerita) Mull. Baden.

Tr. carinatus C. IX. 1051.
Tr. callosus Gm. 73.
Tr. numinea Gm?

Paludina multiformis Ziet. (Valv.) Dh.
(Valvata Mull.)

1002 4 piscinalis Mull. Dania.

52

Valvata Paludina.

1003 1 tricarinata Lesueur.
V. carinata Sow.

Am. bor.

1004

1005

1006 2

1007 4

Paludina JLam.

(Bithinia Pride aux.)
2 tentaculata L.

P. impura Lam.
(Viviparus Mtf.)
4 Listeri Forb.

N. vivipara Mull.
V. lacustris Bk, 1847.
vivipara L.
N. fasciata Mull.'
P. achatina Drp.
V. Linnaei Bk. 1847.
dissimilis Miill.

P. carinata Sw.
unicolor Olivier
Swainsoni n.

P. unicolor Sw.
angularis Miill. Ch.

var. (3. c. op.)
sp.
carinata Val.

P. Burroughiana Lea.
decisa Say.
subcarinata Say.
Bui. carinatus Brug.

Paludoimis Sws.

1016 1 chilinoides Reeve.
M. ceylanica Fer!

1008

3

1009

2

1010

2

1011

4

1012

1

1013

1

1014

4'

1015

1

Dania.

Germania,

Ind. or.

Africa.
China.

Manila.
Am. bor.

Ceylon.

Vermetus. 53

Fain. Vermetldae.

Siliquaria Lam.

1017 1 anguina L. Ind. or.

1018 1 laevigata Lam.

1019 1 australis Q. & G.

1020 1 muricata Born. Antill.

S. echinata Gm.
Vermetus A«l.
(Serpuloides Gray. Serpulorbis Sassi.)

1021 1 gigas Bivona? M. med.

1022 l*sp. ?

(Bivonia Gray.)

1023 2 decussata Gm. Antill.

(Separatista Gray?)

1024 1 lumbricalis L. —

V. Knorrii Dh.

1025 1 minor.

Fam. Cerithiacea.

Turritella I,am.

(Torcula Gray.)

1026 I3 exoleta L. Antill.
(Haustator Mtf. Terebellum Browne.)

1027 variegata L.

T. marmoratus Ch. IV. f. 1422.
Elob. marmoreum Bolt.
T. imbricata Lam. Ki. f. 2.

1028 31 imbricata L.

1029 1 imbricataria Lam. Grignon t-

1030 2 Hanleyana Reeve. Peru.

(Xylohelix Cb.

1031 I1 terebra L. Ind. or.

54

Turritella.

1032
1033
1034

1035

1036
1037

1038
1039

1040
1041
1042
1043

1044

1045
1046
1047

1048

1049
1050

33 minor. Ind. or.

1* torulosa Ki. Senegal.

2* bicingulata Lam. Antill.

Xylohelix T. marmoreus minor Ch.

cingulata Sow.
T. tricarinata King.

2 ungulina L.

T. Linnaei Dh.

4 cingulifera Sow.

T. fragilis Ki.

3 erosa Couth.

T. polaris Bk.
(Zaria Gray.)

21 bacillum Ki.

22 duplicata L.

I1 var. T. acutangula L.
2 replicata L.

T. attenuata Reeve.
I1 terebralis Lam.
(Mesalia Gray.)
21 multisulcata Lam.
2 lactea Moll.

5 minor.
Pirena ram

(Melanatria Bowd.)
2* fluminea Gm. majore c, op.

Pirena spinosa Lam.
(Faunus Mtf.)
1 atra L.

Pirena terebralis Lam.
1 jun.

Chile.

M med.

N. Holl.

Grtinland.

Ind. or.

Bordeaux f.

Grignon t-
Gronland.

Madagascar*

Ind. or.

Pirena. Melanopsis, 55

Hclanopsis L,am.

1051 1* costata Olivier. (Fer!) Syria.

1052 1 costellata Fer! Burdigalia.

1053 2 maroccana Ch. Marocco.

1054 3 Dufourii Fer! Eur. mer.

1055 2 praerosa L.

M. laevigata Lam.
10o6 1* laevigata Oliv. Archip. Fer.!

1057 4 acicularis Fer. Vindobon.

M. Audebardi Prevost.

1058 1 Esperi Fer. Austria.
^Ie la iiia Lain Ulelas mtf.

(Tiara Bolt. Melacantha Sw.)

1059 2* amarula L. Ind. or.

1060 1* — Nicobar.

1061 2 Ind. or.

1062 1 crenularis Dh?

1063 1* setosa Sw. Philippin.

(Melanella Sw.)

1064 3 Hollandri Fer. Illyria.

(Plotia Bolt) n.

1065 1 spinulosa Lam. Timor.

1066 1* lineata Gray. Calcutta.

M. lirata Bens.

1067 2 granifera Lam. I. Marian.

1068 2

(Melanoides Oliv.)

1069 10 tuberculata Mull. Calcutt.

M. pyramis Bens.

1070 1* asperata Lam. Ind. or.

M. inquinata Dfr. Dh.

56

Melania.

M. grandis Jaq.

M. pulchra v. d. Busch.

1071 2 sp.

1072 8 sp. Nicobar.

1073 5 sp. ?

(Aylacostoma Spix.)

1074 2 atra Richard, Guiana.

M. semiplicata Lam. Enc.
M. truncata Lam. h.
(Hemisinus Sws ?)

1075 1 n. sp. Guinea.

1076 1* conus Jacq. Ava.
Jo. Lea. ITIelafusus SAV.

1077 1 spinosa Lea. Am. bor.

(Ceriphasia Sw.)

1078 4* canaliculate Say. —

Str. Sayii Wood.

1079 7 var. —

1080 2* virginica (Buc.) Gm. Say.

1081 3* var. fasciata;

Leptoxis Raf. Anculotus Say.

1082 2 praerosa Say.
Tympanotonus Kl. Vibex Ock.

1083 1* Rangii Dh. Madagascar?

M. tuberculosa Rang non Spix.
M. calcitrapa Fer!

1084 2* aurita Mull Guinea.

1085 3 —

1086 1

1087 2* fusca Gm. Senegal.

1088 1* minor.

Cerithium. 57

Pachystoma Gray?

1089 2 costellata Lam. Grignon t»
Cerithium Ad.

(Potamides Brong.)

1090 1 Humboldtii Vale. Panama.

1091 2 serratum Lam. Grignon t-

(Tympanostoma Sow.)
2* radula L. Senegal.

1* minor.
1* fuscatum L.

M. aculeata Mull.

(Cerithidea Sw.)

1 varicosum «Sow." Ki. Am. cent.

1 decollatum L.

(Pyrazus Mtf.)

1097 6 cingulatum Gm. Ind. or.

S. pictus Bolt.

C. fluviatile P. & M.

1098 3* sulcatum Born.

C. moll uccan um Gm.
T. mangiorum Ch.
S. iuscus Gm.

1099 1* semistriatum (Bolt.) n.

C. sulcatum Ki. t. 27. f. 1.
1 palustre L.
3 jun.

(Telescopium Ch. Sch.)
1* telescopium L. Ind. or.

Vertagus KJ.

1 taeniatum O. & G. N. Guinea.

6 vertagus L. I. or.

58

Cerilhium.

1105 2 Martinianum Pfr.

C. procerum Ki.

V* vulgare Sch, p. p.

1106 2 fasciatum Ch.

S. caminatus Bolt.
7* asperum L.

I. or

1107
1108
1109

2* sp,

1110 3

1111 2

1112

1

1113

1

1114

3

1115

2<

1116

4

1117

3

1118

1

1119

1

1120

2

1121

2

1122

2

1123

2

1424

4

articulatum Reeve.

C. obeliscus var. Ki. V. f. 1 a.
chinense Ch.

S. acanthinus Meusch.

S. muricatus Bolt.

C. obeliscus Brug.
aluco L.

C, coronatum Bolt.
(Aluco Link. Rhinoclavis Sw.

Cerithium Ad.)
1 nodulosum Brug.
Adansonii Brug Ki.

C. mutatum Sow. G.
uncinatum Gm.
2* columna Sow.

dupiicatum Yoldi. n. sp.
trigonum Yoldi. n, sp.
Schroteri n.

Schr. Einl. t. 3. f. 7.
sp.

tuberculatum L.
morus Lam.
dissimile Yoldi. n. sp.
semiferrugineum Lam.
litteratum Born*

Senegal

M. rub?

Chile?

Sina.

M. rub.

Ind. or.

?
Antill.

Cerethium. 59

3 atratum Born. Antill.

3 tbymelus Meusch. M. med.

M. alucoides Olivi.

C. vulgatum Brug.

B. tuberculatus L?

1* vulgatum d Blv. Ki. t. 9. f. 29. —
\

6 mediterraneum Dh. —

C. rugosum Gray W. S.
C. fuscatum Costa.

C. mediterraneum Dh.

2 sp. — Vera Cruz.

6* minimum (Mur.) Gm. Curasao.

C. zonale Brug.

(Lampania Gr. Batillaria Bens.)
\ 3 zonale Lam. non Brug. • China.

(Pirenella Gr.)
! 1 mamillatum Phil. M. med.

(Bittium Leach.)
i 4 radula Brug.

(Mastonia Hinds.)
) 2 ornatum Dh. Ki. exch syn. Antill.

Triphoris Dli.
> 4* tun-is Thomae Ch. 3022
Fain Aporrliaidae.

Aporrhais Da Costa. (Chenopus Phil)
1 2 pes pelecani L. M. German.

Stliruthiolaria Lam.

3 1 papulosa Martyn. N. Zeland.

M. pes struthiocameli Ch.
M. stramineus Gm.
S. nodulosa Lam.

60 Pterocera.

1139 1 vermis Martyn? Ig. 40 m. N. Zeland,

M. australis Gm.

Fa in Strombidae.

Pterocera I, am

(Harpago Kl.)

1140 1* chiragra L. Ind. or.

L. harpago Mart. Bolt.

1141 1 Gun-)

1142 3* arthritica Bolt.

P. rugosum Sow.

Harpago var. Mart. 3. f. 856, 57.

1143 1 pseudoscorpio Lam. —

(Millepes Kl.)

1144 2 millepeda L.

1145 1* scorpius L.

(Heptadactylus Kl.)

1146 1 crocata Link. —

P. aurantia Lam.

1147 1 Yoldii n.

Differt a praecedente labro di-
gitis 7 leviter recurvatis, nee
angulatis, tribus anticis ap-
proximatis.

1148 7 lambis L. —

1149 1 radix bryoniae Ch. —

P. truncata Lam.
S. bryoniae Gm.
^trombus 1^.

1150 1 gigas L. AntilK

1151 2 (jun.) —

Strombus.

61

1152 1 rosacea Mart. Guinea.

A. torosus Meusch.
S. bubonius Lam.

1153 1 (jun.)

1154 1* granulatus Sw. Antill.

1155 3 pugilis L.

1156 5 costoso muricatus Mart.

S. raninus Gm.

S. affinis Gm.

L. curruca Bolt.

S. lobatus Sw.

S. bitubercularis Lam.

2 gallus L.

1 latissimus L.
1* tricornis Mart.

1 jun.

2* accipitrinus Mart.
S. costatus Gm.
Gallinula Kl.

3 canarium L.
3 gibba Mart

L. turturella Bolt.
S. Isabella Lam.
3 variabilis Sw.

2 var.

1 epidromis L.
1 columba Lam.

S. Tankervilleii Sw.

labiosus Gray. China.

dilatatus Sw. Ind. or.

1*
2

Ind. or?
M. rub.

Antill.

Ind. or.

5 vittatus L.

62 Strombus.

Monodactylus HI.

1171 1* aratrum Martyn. N. Zelandia,

S. Zelandiae norae Ch.
L. vomer Bolt.
S. pacificus Sw.

1172 1* adustus Ch. Ind. or.

L. aratrum Bolt

S. melanostomus Sw.

1173 3 striato granulatus Mart.

Auris asini Mart.

S. Lamarckii Gray.

S. auris Dianae Ki. Dh. non L.

1174 1 auris Dianae L.

P. guttatus Martini.
L. bulla Bolt.

1175 2

1176 3 lentiginosus L.

1177 3 fasciatus Born. M. rub.

S. polyfasciatus Ch.
L. elegantissimus Link.
S. lineatus Lam.
Aporrliais Kl.

1178 3 luhuanus L. Ind. or.

1179 3 decora Bolt —

L. miniatus Link.
L. laevilabris Mke.
S. cylindricus Sw.
S. mauritianus Lam.

1180 2 gibberulus L.

1181 5 (minor.)

1182 1 albus Mart. 3. f. 797, 98. M. rub.

S. gibberulus Sow. f. 18.

Strombus. 63

1183 3 marginatus L. Ind or.

S. carinatus Bolt.

1184 1 succinctus L.

1185 6 flosculosus Mart.

A. gibberulus Meusch.
L. flammea Link.
S. floridus Lam.

1186 2 urceus L.

1187 2 var. —

1188 2 var. —

1189 2 var.

1190 3* plicatus Lam.

S. dentatus Gm.

1191 1* elegans Sow. M. rub.

1192 1 dentatus L. Ind. or.

A. Samaar Mart. Meusch.
S. tridentatus Gm.

Rostellaria I, am (Fusus Humphr.)
(Rimella Ag.)

1193 1 cancellata Lam. Ind. or.

S. fissurella Sow.

1194 6 fissurella L. Grignon t.

(Tibia Bolt.)

1195 1 magna (Fusus) Ch. M. rub.

R. dentula Perry.

R. curvirostris Lam.

Tibia insulae Choramb Bolt.

1196 1 jun.

(Gladius Kl.)

1197 I2 fusus L. Ind. or.

R. rectirostris Lam.

64 Roslellaria.

Terebellum HI. (Seraphs Mtf.)

1198 1* sopita Brand. Grignon

T. convolutum Lam.

1199 3* terebellum L. Ind. or.

T. subulatum Ch.

1200 3 var. _

Fa in. Pleurotomiiire.

Trib. 1. Conidoe.
Comis I>.

(Rhombus Mtf. Coronaxis Sw. Cucullus Bolt.)

1201 6 marmoreus L. Ind. or.

1202 2 nocturnus Hw. —

1203 2* lg. 50. m. Ig. 43 m. _

1204 1

1205 1* proarchithalassus Bolt. M. 2. 687, 8.

C. bandanus Hw? lg. 65 m.

1206 1A lg. 55 m.

1207 1 nicobaricus Hw. lg. 80 m. — '

C. monstrosus Ch.

1208 1* lg. 60 m. —

1209 1 lg. 65. m.

1210 1* peplum Ch. lg. 80 m. —

C. arachnoideus Gm.
C. araneosus Hw.

1211 1* fascia postica oblitteratalg. 75 m. —

1212 1* imperialis L. polita lg. 65. —

1213 1* lg. 47 m.

1214 1* fuscatus Born. lg. 62 m.

1215 1* lg. 42 m.

1216 1 lg. 52 m. —

Conus.

I4 zonatus H\v. Nicobar.

I9 —

(Stephanoconus n )

10 ieucostictus Hw. Antill.

C. nebulosus Sol.

1 aurantius Hw. Ig. 70 m.

3 _

1* varius L. Ig. 39 m. —

C. granulosus Bolt.
3 verrucosus Hw. _

C. granulatus Mart non L.
2* mind anus Hw. 1. 35.

2 var. __
9 mus Hw.

C. barbadensis Hw.

1 baaticus Reeve?

1 punctatus Hw. 9

C. biliosus Bolt

C. piperatus Dw.

8 livid us Hw. Ind. or.

1 (polita.) —

1* distans Hw. Ig. 70 m. —

C. mennonitarum eoronatus Ch.
(Puiicticulis Sw.)
2* ceylonicus Ch. —

C. obesus Hw.
1 —

1 fustigatus Hw.

2 pulicarius Hw.

2 arenatus Hw. Ig. 55 m. Ig. 62 m.
1* Ig. 57 m.
2 var.

5

££ Conus.

w

1239 1 stercus pulicum Meusch. M. rub.

C. arenatus Ki. t. 10 f. a. b.

1240 1 biliosus Bolt. Ind. or.

C. punctatus Hw. non Gin.
C. piperatus Dw.
Corouaxis (Sw.) n.

1241 3 minimus L. Ind. or.

1242 1* lg- 23 m.

1243 3 musicus Hw.

1244 3 africanus Meusch.

C. taeniatus Hw.
C. geminus Bolt.

1245 3 sponsalis Ch,

1246 4 hebraeus L»

1247 2* var.

1248 2 chaldaeus Bolt.

C. vermiculatus Lam.
Cylindrella Sw.

1249 3 sulcatus Hw. China.

C. costatus Ch.
C. asper Lam.
Mubecula 141. (Rollus Mtf. Tuliparia Sw.)

1250 1 geographus L. Ind. or.

1251 2 var.

1252 3 tulipa L.

1253 3 obscurus Humphr.
Eiithocomis n.

1254 5 millepunctatus L.

1255 4 litteratus L.

1256 2 minor.

1257 1 eburneus Hw.

1258 3

Conus.

1259 2 junior. |nd. or.

1260 2* tessellatus Born.

1261 4 _

1262 2 flavidus Lam. Taiti.

1263 1 c. epid.

1264 2 virgo L. Ind. or.

1265 1 c. epid.

1266 1 quercinus Hw.

C. buxeus Link.

1* c. epid. Ig 55. _

t _

Deiidroconus Sw.
1 figulinus L. Ig, 85 m. —

1 Loroisii Ki. Ig. 82 m. Nicobar.

(/. agretis Spgl.

Enc. Meth. t. 332 f. 5.

Mus. Gotw. t. XIV. f. 105 b.

1 suratensis Hw. Ig. 92. Ind. or.

2 betulinus L. —
1* glaucus L. Ig. 47. —
1 siamensis Hw. —
2

1 papilionaceus Hw. Guinea.

2 genuanus L.
Lepf oeoiius S\v.

1 Thomae Gm. Ch. X. t. 133 n. 2. Ind. or.
C. omaicus Hw.
Ig. 77 m.

1 regularis Sow. Panama.
3* spurius Gm. Antill.

C. proteus Hw.

2 —

6$ Conus.

1282 1* leoninus Hw. Antill.

1283 2 minor.

1284 1* amadis Mart. Ig. 53 m. Ind. or,

1285 4 cassis Meusch.

C. acuminatus Hw.
C. substriatus Link.

1286 2 erythraeensis Bk. Ch. X. f. 1300. M. rub

1287 2 thalassiarchus Gray. Ind. or.

1288 1 nobilis L. Ig. 55

1289 1 ammiralis L. Ig. 57 m.

1290 1 Ig. 50 m.

1291 1 Ig. 45 m. polita.

1292 2 var. Ig. 39 m

1293 1 var. granulatus Ig. 41.
Uliizocoiius u.

1294 3 miles L.

1295 2 minor.

1296 31 vexillum Mart.

C. epistomium Meusch.

1297 1 leopardus Meusch. (L. 781. s. 28)

Ig. 77 m.
C. sumatrensis Hw.

1298 4 capitaneus L.

1299 1 var.

1300 1* mustelinus Hw. Ig. 80 m.

1301 1* nemocanus Hw. Ig. 65 m.

1302 1 fumigatus Hw. polita. M. rub.

1303 4 hyaena Hw. Ind or.

1304 1 malaccanus Hw.

1305 1 centurio Born. Ig. 50 m.

1306 2 minor Ig. 38 m.

Conus. 69

1307

1* monile Hw. Ig. 65 m. Incl. or.

1308

3

1309

4 general!* L. —

1311

2 senator L.

C. vulpinus Hw.

1311

1 planorbis Born. —

C. polyzonias Gm.

C. vitulinus Hw.

1312

3 —

1313

2 lineatus Ch.

1314

2 ermineus Born.

C. lithoglyphus Meusch.

C. orleanus Bolt.

1315

1*

1316

3* daucus L. Antill.

1317

6

1318

2 var. —

1319

3 var. lutea.

1320

1 punctatus Gm. Ind. or.

C. augur Hw.

Clielycoiius n.

1321

10 testudinarius Mart. Guinea.

1322

4 achatinus Ch.

1323

1 monachus L. Ig. 43 m. polita. —

1324

5 informis Hw. Cap.

1325

4 mercator L. Antill.

1326

2 mediterraneus Hw. M. med.

1327

2 var. —

1328

2 catus Hw. Ind. or.

1329

4*

1330

1 var.?

1331

1 sp.

70

Conus,

1332 venulatus Hw. Ind. or.

C, ateralbus Ki. ?

1333 1 coneinnus Brod. California.

(Pionoconus n.)

1334 6 magus L. Ind. or.

1335 14 -

1336 2 var.?

1337 1 sp

1338 1 Cecilii Ki. Philippin.
(Phasmoconus n.)

1339 2 radiatus Gm. Antill.?

C. Martinianus R.
C. gubba Ki.?

1340 1* rusticus L. Ind. or.

C. cinereus Hw.

1341 1 (polita.)

1342 1 —

1343 2 minor, —

1344 4 pygmaeus Reeve. AntilL

1345 1 lacteus Lam. Ind. or.

1346 1 spectrum L. !i*fio*r£l<ittO

1347 1 Adamsonii Gray. 1839. S. 111. N. Holl.

C. cingulatus Sow. non Lam.
C. rhododendron Couth.

1348 1 bullatus L. Ind. or.

1349 1 gubernator Hw.

1350 3 striatus L. —

1351 3 stercus muscarum L.
Cylinder ftltf. Textilia Sw.

1352 1 crocatus Lam. Ig. 42 m.

1353 1 aulicus L.

1354 1 minor. —

Conns. 71

1355 I1 aulicus L Ind. or.

1356 1 omaria Hw.

1357 2 minor*

1358 1 pennaceus Born.

C. brunneus Meusch.
C. omaria /3 Reeve.

1359 2 episcopus Hw.

13CO 2 vicarius Lam. (non L)

1361 1 jun.?

1362 2* verriculum Reeve.

1363 8 var.

1364 1* victoria Reeve. N. Holl.

1365 8 textile L. Ind. or.

1366 4 abbas Hw.

Hermes Ifltf. Thelicoim* Sw.

1367 3 australis Ch. China.

1368 2 terebra Born. Ind. or.

C. terebellum Gm.

1369 1 coccineus Gm. Ig. 40 m.

C. Solandri Brod & Sow.

1370 1 granulatus L. Ig. 40 m.

1371 1 Ig. 30 m.

1372 1* pertusus Hw.

1373 I fabula Sow. Ig. 31 m.

1374 1 Ig. 25.

1375 2 glans Hw.
1276 2 nussatella L.

Trib. a. Pleuro to m

Pleurotoma Lam. (Turris Humph.)

(Turris Humphr.)
1377 1 grandis Gray. China.

72 Pleurotoma.

1378 1 babylonia L. Incl. or.

1379 1 tigrina uLam." Reeve. —

1380 1 cingulifera Lam. —

(Turricula Sch. non Kl.)

1381 3 australis Ch. China.

1382 2 tornata Dw. Ind. or.

T. flammea Sch.
P. javana Reeve.

1383 31 javana L. —

P. nodifera Lam.
P. spuria Link.

1384 1 flavidula Lam. —

M. gibbosus Ch. non Born.

1385 1* olivacea Sow, Panama.

P. funiculatum Val*

1386 crenularis Lam. Ind. or.

(TomelJa Sw.)

1387 41 lineata Lam. Guinea ?

CPerrona Sch.)

1388 I1 spirata Lam.

(Clavatula Lam.)

1389 2* coronatus Ch. IV. vig. 39. f. C. —

P. muricata Lam.
P. conica Lam. Enc.
T. regia Bolt.

1390 1* bimarginata Lam.

1391 2* virginea (Turris) Ch. XI. 1838.

P. rubrifasciata Reeve 171?
(Clionella Gray.) (Terebra?)

1392 2 sinuata Born. Africa.

Boletus turbinatus Ch.
P. buccinoides Lam.

Pleurotoma.

73

1395
1396

1397

hid. or.

(Brachystoma Sws. Drillia Gray.

Clavus Mtf.?)

1394 2 alatus (Turbo) Ch.
M. nodulosus Gm.
P. crenularis Lam.
2 Griffithii Gray.
1* interrupta Lam.
(Clavus Mtf.)

1 echinata Lam. N. Guinea*

(Crassispira Sw.)

fucata Reeve. Antill.

pulchella Reeve,
sp.
sp.

zebra Lam.
fuscescens Gray.

harpula Val.

2* digitate Reeve. Ind. or.

(Mangelia Leach. Cythara Scb.)

1407 3 Vauquelinii Payr. M. med.

(Bela Leach.)

1408 1 Bertrandii Payr.

(Daphnella Hinds.)

1409 5* lymnaeiformis Ki. AntilL

(Oenopota n.)

1410 3* pleurotomaria Couth. Gronland.

1411 3* Pingelii Bk.

1412 3* livida Moll.

1413 2 viridula Moll, (non FabrJ —

(Pleurotomina Bk. 1847.)

1414 2* nobilis Moll.

1398

3*

1399

1

1400

2

1401

3

1402

2

1403

1*

1404

2

1405

1*

1406

2*

74 Terebra.

1415 3* exarata Moll

P. Molleri Reeve.

,,D. lactea M6li." Reeve.

Gronland.

Fa m Tereforiiia.

Terefora E-am. (Acus Humphr.)

1416 2 strigata Sow. Panama.

B. elongatum Wood. .
T. flammea Les,
T. zebra Ki.

1417 1 maculata L. Ind. or.

1418 1 chlorata Lam.

T. Knorrii Gray.

1419 5 dimidiata L.

1420 I1 muscaria L.

Vertagus areolatus Link.

1421 3 subulata L.

B. varium Martyn.

1422 1 robusta Hinds. Panama.

1423 1 varia Meusch. 1787. Ind. or.

B. ornatum Martyn.
E. guttatum Bolt.
T. oculata Lam.

1424 2 crenulata L.

1425 1* striatula Lam. Senegal.

1426 101 ferrugiiiea Born.

1427 1* var. castanea c. op.

1428 1 duplicata L. Ind. or.

1429 2 Dussumieri Ki. Cbina.

1430 2* hastata Gm. An till.

B. lancinula Gm.

Terebra.

75

1431 strigillata L.

13. pugio Gm.
B. concinna Dh.

1432 3 coerulescens Lam.

B. niveum Gm.?

1433 6* fusca Martyn.

T. inconstans Hinds.

T. striatula var. Ki.
1435 5 cinerea Born.

T. acicularis Lam.

var.

1* lanceolata L. Ig. 47 m.
Jlyurella Hinds.

1436

2

1437

I1

m

1438

m
1

1439

2

1440

2

1441

1

1442

2

1443

3

1444
1445

1446

1447

Antill.

Ind. or.

Taiti.

Antill.

Ind. or.

nebulosa Sow. Zanzibar,

affinis Gray. Ind. or.

T. striata Q. & G.

armillata Hinds. California,

babylonia Lain. 42 m. Ind. or.

cerithina Lam.
commaculata Gm. —

T. scabrella Lam.

E. acutissima Bolt.

1 minor. —

2 cancellata Bolt. —

Elob. ancile Bolt.
T. myurus Lam.
Eburna JLam. (Latrunculus Gray.)

3 Molliana Ch. Ind. or.

B. zeylanicum Drug.
B. giratum Bolt.

4 spirata L. —

7tf fcburna.

E. areola Lam.

E. tessellata Sw.

B. marmoratum Link?

1448 5 canaliculata Sch. Ind. or.

B. areola Link?

B. rude Bolt.?

E. spirata Lam. non L.

1449 2* sp.

var.? apertura carneola.

1450 1* \7alentiana Perry. 1. 35. in. M. rub. Roux,

1451 1

1452 1* var?

1453 1* — .ttbiiill *> Ind. or.

1454 2 maculosa Bolt Ch. 4. f. 1 120, 1 .

E. pacifica Sw.
E. lutosa Lam.

1455 1* Ig. 40 m.

Fain. Nassina.

Bullia Oray. (Pseudostrombus Kl )
(Buccinanops d'Orb.)

1456 3 gradata Dh, Patagonia.

B. cochlidium Ki. d'Orb.

1457 1* armata Gray Ig. 50 m.

B. moniliferum Val.
(Liodomus Sw.)

1458 2* laevigata Ch. Cap.

B. laevissimum Gm.

1459 I2 aperta Ch.

B. digitale Meusch.
B. achatinum Lam.

Bullia. 77

1460 31 annulata Lam. Cap.

1461 I9 callosa Ch. IV. p. 307. vig. 40. Angora.

B. laevissima (0 Gm.) Gray.

1462 3 (pulli)

(Bullia Gray.)

1463 1* semiplicata Gray. N. Guinea.

1464 1

1465 1 Grayii Reeve. Ind. or.

1466 2 var.

(PseudostrombusKI. Dorsanum Gr.)

1467 3 tranquebarica Bolt.

B. lineolatura Sow.
B. Belangeri Ki.

1468 3* vittata L.

1469 t granulosa (Terebra) Lam. Ch.

XI. 1816.

1470 2 livida Reeve. Zanzibar.

1471 5 aciculata (BucO Lam. Antill.

B. monile L.?

1472 4* var.? Senegal.
Nassa JLam

1473 2* glans L. Ind. or.

1474 2 —

1475 51 suturale Lam.

1476 2 foliorum Gm. Rumpb. 29. Y.

1477 4 laevis Ch. 4. 1194. 5.

B. canaliculatum Lam.
B. dorsatum Bolt.

1478 1 var.?

1479 6* taenia Gm.

B. olivaceum Brug.

78

Nassa.

Northia pristis? Gray. Fig.
t. 84 a. f. 4. cfr.

1480 1* var. Ind. or.

1481 6 fasciata Ch. 4, 1167.

B. stolatum Gm.
B. ornatum Ki.
Dist. comnmnis Bolt.

1482 4 glaberrima Gm. M. 4. f. 1177. ?

1485 3 foveolata Dkr. Coromandel.

1486 1* monile Ki. N. Guinea.

1487 4 hepatica Pult. Mtg. Ind. or.

1488 1 crenulata Lam.

1489 20 corniculum Olivi. M. med.

L. olivacea Dh.

B. fasciolatum Lam.

1490 2 sp. Ind. or.

1491 3* Pfeifferi Dkr. Senegal.

Totombo Ad.?

1492 1 gibba Brug. Ch. XI. f. 1810.

B. jaspideum Link.
B. foliosum Wood

1493 6 mutabilis L. M. med.

(Alectrion Mtf.)

1494 2* papillosa L. Ind. or.

1495 1* clathrata Lam. Enc. —

1496 22 sp. China.

1497 3 marginulata Lam. Ind. or.

1498 3* sp.

1499 1 sp. Philippin.

1500 4 subspinosa Lam. N. Holl.

1501 2 muricata Q. & G.

1502 1 horrida Dkr.

Nassa.

79

1503

1504
1505

M. med.

2*
2*

1506 8

1507

1*

1508

2

1509

1*

1510

4

1511

7*

1512

2

1516

4*

1517

2

1518

4*

1519

1520

1521
1522

(Hinia Leach. Tritia Ris.)
4* reticulata L.

N. oblonga Ch. 4. 1162. 3.
B. vulgatum Gm.
B. chrysostomum Bolt.,
var. Ki. t. 19 f. 71.
cancellata Ch. 4, 1164.

N. reticulata Aut.
obsoleta Say.

B. olivaeforme Ki.
var,

margaritifera Dkr.
fasciata Q. & G.
incrassata Strom.

B. ascanias Brug.
ambigua Pult.
plicosa Dkr,

antillarum Phil. (d'Orb.?)
B. zonale Brug.

var. ? —

4* xanthostoma Gray. 1839, Panama.

N. luteostoma Sow.~cfe Brod.
(Arcularia Mart.)
1 plicata Bolt. Mart. 2. f. 411. M. rub.

B. arculariumForsk. t. Xll.f. A.

• - •-

1* velicata Meusch, Ind. or.

N. Rumphii Dh.

A major nodosa etc. Mart. 2, 412.
3 arcularia L. —

4* scalariformis Ch,

A. major costata M.2. f.209,10.

N. scalariformis Ch. 4. 1 174, 75.

Norvegia.

Am. bor.

Ind. or.
N. Roll.
M. med.

Antill.

Cap.

Antill.

80 Nassa.

1523 1* eoronata Drug. Ind, or.

CEione Ris.)

1524 5 gibbosula L.

1525 4 sp.

1526 3 Thersites Brug.

Cas. plicatus Meusch.

1527 1 verrucosa Brug. Nicobar.

(Cyclope Ris. Cyclops Mtf.)

1528 7 neritea L. M. med.
Desitioiilea Gray.

1529 1 ventricosa Lam. Enc. Guinea.

B. retusum Lam.
Phos Htf.

1530 2* senticosa L. China.

1531 3* var.?

. Strongylocera n. (PAst. t. 30. f. 17.)

1532 7* textilina n. List 965. f. 20. AntilL

1533 1* var. fascia nigroarticulata.

1534 1* cancellata Q. & G. N. Holl.

B» pyrostoma Reeve?

1535 I* var. apertura maculata; apice

rosea.
Cyllene Oray.

1536 1* chrysostoma Meusch.

Li. 968. f. 22. b. AntilL V

Sow. Man. f. 425?

Faiti. Hitrina.

Ulitra I. am.
Tiarella S-w.

1537 1 papalis L. Ind. or.

1538 1* cincta Meusch. —

Mitra. 81

M. pontificalis Lam.

M. coronat.a Sch.

M. episcopalis minor Ch.

1539 1* var.?

V. stictica Link. Mart. 4. f. 1366.

1540 1* puncticulata Lam. Ind. or*

M. diadema Sw.

1541 1* minor. —

1542 2* episcopalis L. —

1543 1* minor. —

1544 I* cardinalis Meusch. 1. 60 m.

Pileus cardinalitius Ch.
M. vermiculosa Martyn.

1545 1 Ig. 50. m.
Seabricola S\v.

1546 2* sphaerulata Martyn.

M. scabriuscula Lam.
V. leucostoma Gm.

1547 1* clathrus Gm. Ig. 35. m. —

M. crenifera Lam.

1548 1* scabricula L. Ig. 50. m.

M. granatina Lam.

1549 3 filaris L. Ig. 34; 32; 30. m.

M. filosa Lam. R. 811.
M. riexilis Martyn.
Callitliea *AV.

1550 4* sanguisuga L.

M. stigmataria Lam.

1551 1

1552 1* subulata Lam.

M. ignea Wood.
M. terebralis Sw.

82

Mitra.

1553

1554

1555
1556

1557
1558

1559
1560
1561

1562
1563

1564 1

1565
1566

1567
1568

Columb. occ,
China.

Ind. or.

31 acuminata Ch. Gm. Ind. or.

M. crebrilirata Reeve.
M. elata Bolt.
Cancilla N\v,

32 interiirata Reeve. Tranquebar

M. 4. f. 1391.
1* lineata Sw.
1* Isabella Sw.
UTebularia

1 coronata Ch. (jun.)

2 adusta Mart.

A. ruffina L. ?

M. erimitarius Bolt.

(minor.)
sp.
ferruginea Lam.

M. vitulina Dw.
1* tessellata Martyn. Ig. 73 m.

3 nodulosa Gm. AntilU

Tur. reticulato contracta Ch.

M. granulosa Lam.
lens Wood. Panama.

M. foraminula Sw.

M. Dupontiaa Ki»
1 nigra Ch. Ig. 45 m. Guinea.

M, melaniana Lam.
1* orientalis Gray. Ig. 57 m. Chile.

M. chilensis Ki.

M. maura Sw.

1* guttata Sw. R. Ind. or.

3 barbadensis Gm. Antill.

M. striatula Lam.

Mitra. 83

Jlitreola Srw. ?

1569 2 aurantiaca Ch. Ind. or.

M. aurantia Gm.
M. miniata Bolt

1570 2 globosa Ch. 4. f. 1398, 9. —

M. ferrugata Wood.
M. cucumerina Lam.

1571 2 peregra Reeve. —

1572 2 n. sp. M. rub.

1573 4 picta Reeve. Ind. or.

M. tessellata Ki.

1574 1 concinna R.

1575 1* crocata Lam. —
Strigatella Sw.

1576 1* scutulata Ch. vix. Reeve. —

1577 2 minor.

1578 I1 paupercula L. —.

1579 1* labratula Lam. Grignon.

1580 31 virgata Reeve. Ind. or.

1581 1* retusa Lam. —

V. paupercula adornata Ch.

1582 1 litterata Lam.

N. olivae maxima Mart.

1583 2* columbellaeformis Ki. --

R. f. 138. sed spira breviore.
M. Stutschburyi Bk.!
Turricula KI. (Vexillum Bolt. Turns Mtf.

Vulpecula Blv. Tiara Sw.)
2 Gruneri Reeve. Ind. or.

1 corrugata Ki f, 68.
1 cinctella Lam.

6"

84 Mitra.

1587 5 plicaria L. Ind. or.

M. plicata Kl. Reeve*

1588 2 rugosa Gm.

M. corrugata Lam.

1589 5 vulpecula L.

1590 3 caffra L.

1591 1* zonalis Q & G.? N. Holl.

1592 1 melongena Lam* Ind, or.

1593 1 var.

1594 1* costellaris Lam.

1595 2* funerata Reeve.
Costellarla Sw.

1596 3 exasperata Ch.

V, corrugata Wood.
V. spiralis Gm.

1597 2* cruentata Ch.

M. harpaeformis Lam.

1598 2

Pusia Sw.

1599 41 ebenus Lam. M. med.

1600 31 microzonias Reeve? Antill.?

1601 1 sulcata Gm. Mart. 4, 1407. Antill.

M. microzonias Lam.

1602 3 var. bifasciata.

M. cavea Reeve.
M. microzonias Ki.

1603 1 sp.

1604 2* dermestina Lam.

M. speciosa Reeve ?

1605 1* patriarchalis Ch. fnd. or.

1606 2* nodosa Sw. —

1607 1* puella Reeve. Antill.

Mitra.

85

1608 1* alveolata Reeve. Antill.
Mitrella Sw. (non Ris.)

1609 1* fissurata Lam. M. rub,
Cyliudra Sell.

1610 1 dactylus L. Ig. 40 m. Ind. or.

1611 I1 nucea Meusch. —

M. olivaria Lam.
Imbricaria Soli (Conohelix Sw.)

1612 1* conica Sch. Tranquebar?

1613 1 marmorata Sw. Vanikoro.

Trib. 2 Columbellina

€ olumbella Lain Pyrene Bolt
Strombiiia n.

1614 4 lanceolata Sow. Gallopagos.

1615 2* gibberula Sow. Panama.
Mitrella RIss.

1616 t* varia Sow.

1617 2 flexuosa Brug. Lam. Ind. or.

1618 6 Therpsichore Leathes. Antill.

1619 10 pulchella Ki. —

B. triticum Sol.

1620 5 suffusa Sow. ?

1621 8* lactea Sow. f. 120. Antill

1622 10 conulus (Mur.) L. M. med.

B. corniculatum Lam.
B. Liniidei Payr.

1623 10 ocellata Gm. Antill.

B. cribraium Lam.

1624 4 Holbollii (Mangelia) Bk Gronland.

Pleur. viridula Reeve.

86

Columbella.

Conella Sw.

1625 6* ovulata Lam. Antill.

1626 1 philippinarum Reeve,, Philippin.
Pyrene Bolt. (Conidea Sw.)

1627 2 aureus Mart. 2, 465, 66. Ind. or.

P. rhombiformis Bolt.

B. flavum Brug.

C. flavida Lam.

1628 6 tringa Lam.

N. o. unicolor. Mart, 2. f. 467 ?
Nitidella Sw.

1629 10 laevigata (Buc.) Lam. Antill.

1630 10 nitida Lam.

C. nitidula (L.?) Sow.

1631 8 var. major. B. tringa L.? —
Columbella Lam.

1* labiosa Sow.
2 major Sow.

1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637

1638 1

1639 5

1640 2

1641 31

5* rustica L.
5* var. Sow.
11 mercatoria L.

4 eburnea Mart.

C. testudinaria Link.
C. pardalina Lam.

1 Tyleri Gray.

C. palmerina Duel.

5 scripta Lam.

C. versicolor Sow.

2 ocellata Link.

N. o. niger Mart.
C. punctata Lam.
var. C. fulgurans Lam.

Columbia.
Panama.
M. med.
Chile.
Antill.

N. Holl.

Ind. or.

Columbella. 87

(Pusiosloma Sw.)

1642 2 mendicaria L. Ind. or.

1643 2 var. unifasciata.

1644 1 pisolina (Ricin) Lam.

1645 1* Duclosiana Sow.
Eiiziiia Gray.

1646 3 ferruginosa (Ric.) Reeve. Antill.

1647 3* turbinella (Ric.) Ki.

1648 2* lauta (Ric.) Reeve. led or.

1649 1* histrio (Ric.) Reeve.
Fam. Purpuriua.

RIcinula L,am. (Sistrum Mtf.)

1650 3* undatus (Murex) Ch.

1651 2 monile Ch. 4. f. 1155, 6.

6. armillatum Gm.

1652 4 concatenata Blv.

1653 1 sp.

1654 3 sp.

1655 1* cariosus (Murex) Wood. M. rub.?

(Morula Sch,)

1656 5 tuberculata Blv. Nicobar.

1657 i var.

1658 1 alba Mart. 3. 970. Ind. or

D. uva Bolt.
R. moms Lam.

1659 1 mutica Lam.?
(Pentadactylus Kl. Drupa Bolt.)

1660 1* lobata Blv.

1661 2 grossularia Bolt.

R. digitata Lam.

1662 3 ricinus L.

R. arachnoides Lam.

88

Ricinula.

1663
1664

1665
1666
1667
1668

1669
1670
1671
1672
1673

1674
1675

1676

1677
1678

1680
1681

albolabris Ely.
globosa Mart

R. horrida Lam.

D. morum Bolt.

iodostoma Lesson.

1ml, or.

1* clathrata Lam.

1 jun.
Purpura Brug.

(Tribulus Kl. Thais Bolt.)
3 nodata Wood.

2 echinata Blv.
2 mancinella L.

1 echinulata Lam.

1* nodosa (Nerit.) L. X.

M. neritoideus L. XII.

2 jun.

1 lineata Lam. Enc.

P. planospira Lam. hist.

3*
5

N. Zeland.
Panama.

Ind. or.

Guinea.

Panama.

1679 1

hippocostanum L. Ind. or.

P. aculeata Kratzenst. Dh.

M. spinosus Bandanus Mart.

(minor.)
stellata Bolt. (Argv.t.l7.f.H.)

P. hippocastanum Dh. R. f. 34*
crassa Blv. Gray. Panama.

P. melones Duel.

(minor.) —

trapa Bolt. (M. 3. f. 957) Antill.

P. deltoidea Lam.

M. nodus L. Meusch.

Purpura.

Hippocast. fasciatum Mart.

1682

1 castanea (Vasum) Bolt.

Ind. or.

P. pica Blv.

1683

2 armigera Ch.

—

(Microtoma Sw.)

1684

3 patula L.

Antill.

1685

2* columellaris Lam.

Panama.

1686

3* persica L.

Ind. or.

1687

3 —

_ __

1688

1 Rudolphi Ch.

—

1689

2 (minor.)

—

1690

1 grisea Bolt.

—

P. callosa Lam.

P. bufo Lam.

1691

4 var.

1692

5 chocolattum Duel.

Chile.

(Stramonlta Scb.)

1693

4 cataracta Ch.

Ind. or*

1694

4 sp.

«China."

1695

7 rugosa Born.

Ind. or.

B. armillatum Gm. p. p.

P. undata var. Ki. t. 35 f. 84.

1696

3 rustica Lam.

Antill.

1697

2* Blainvillii Dh.

Chile.

P. callaoensis Blv. non. Gray.

1698

2* var. (c. op.)

— 9

1699

1* gigantea Reeve?

Guinea.

1700

5 haemastoma L.

BrasiL

1701

3 bicostalis Lam.

Antill.

1702

1* var.

—

1703

1* consul Ch,

Ind. or.?

1704

4 luteostoma Ch.

Ind. or.

89

90

Monoceros.

1705 2* flammea Ch. 4. vig. 38. Ind. or.

B. strigosum Gm.
P. striata Q. & G.
P. buccinea Dh.

1706 5* (minor.)

(Trochia Sw.)

1707 3* cingulata L.

P. trochlea Brug.
(Polytropa Sw.)

1708 1* succincta Martyn. Ig. 45 m.

1709 1* textiliosa Lam.

1711 6 squamosa Lam.

1712 10 lapillns L.

1713 3*

leant hiiia Fisch

1714 1* calcar Martyn.

B. monodon Gm.
B. monoceros Ch.

1715 2 crassilabrum Lam.

B. unicorne Brug.

1716 4 var.

1717 1* (minor.)

1718 1* cymatium Sol.

1719 1 cornigera Blv. c, op.

M. brevidentatum Gray.
Oastridta Gray. (Pseudoliva Sw.
dactylus Herrm.)

1720 1 laevis (Utriculus) Mart. ?

Monoc. plumbeum Ch.
Concliolepas Lain.

1721 2 peruvianus Lam. Chile.

1722 5 (minor.) —

Cap.

N. Zeland.
N. Holl.
Cap.

M. germ.
Gronland.
(Monoceros Lam.)

Magellan.

Chile.

California.
Panama.

Pseudo-

Purpura.

91

Rapaua Sch (Pyrula Lam.)
(Cuma Sw.)

1723 4* kiosquiformis Duel. Panama.

1724 3 africanus Mart. Oc. ind.

M. lacerus Born.
Mancinella mutabilis Link.

1725 4 carinifera Lam. —

(Rapana Sch.)

1726 2* coronata Lam. Guinea.

P. callifera Lam.
P. guineensis Wag.

1727 1 muricata (Monoeeros) Brod. Panama.

P. truncata Duel.

1728 1 bezoar L. Guinea.

(Latiaxis Sw.)

1729 2 crassa (Rapa) Mart. Ind. or.

M. rapiformis Born.
M. radix Meuseh.

1730

1731

1732
1733

1734

1735

I3 lineata Lam. Antill. ?

B. bulbus Wood.
(Rhizochilus Stp. ?)
1* costellaris Gray. W. S. ?

M. cariniferus Lam. Ki.?
I1 gibbosa Reeve? Antill.

3 galea Ch. —

P. abhreviata Blv.
I9 plicata Mart. 3. f. 954. 55 —

Canthareus erosus Bolt.
2 neritoidea Ch. N. Holl.

P. violacea Ki.

92 Purpura.

(Rapella Sw. Bulbus Humph. Rapa Kl.)
1736 2* rapa. L. Ind. or.

P. papyracea Lam.
R. tenuis Mart.

1736 1 (jun.)
Loptoooiiclm* Riipp.

1737 1* striatus Riipp. M. rub.

Magilus Peronii Lam?
Magilus Ultf. (Campulotus Guett.)

1738 1 antiquus Mtf. Ig. 150 in, I. Mauritius.
Fa in Bucci iiidee,

Buccinuin Dli
Caiitharus Bolt.

1739 1* melanostoma Sow. Ind. or.

1740 2* tranquebaricum Ch.

L\ globularis Bolt.
C. tuberosus Bolt.
Rapana flavescens Sch.

1741 3* spirale Gray. —

1742 1* distortum Wood. Panama.
Tritoiiidea Sw. (Lagena Bolt.)

1743 3 undosum L. Ind. or.

1744 3 (minor.)

1745 8* proteus Reeve.

N. variegata Ch. 4. f. 1145?

N. badia Link.

B. fumosum Wood.

1746 3 rubiginosum Reeve. M* rub.?

1747 2* pulchra (Ric.) Reeve. Philippin.

1748 1* concentricum Reeve. Ind. or.

1749 1* variegatum Gray Reeve. —

List. 938. f. 33.

Buccinum.

93

1750 4 auritula Link. Antill.

B. coromandelianum Lam.

1751 1* sanguinolenta Duel. Panama.

Pollia haematoma Gray.

1752 1* polygonum (Fus.) Lam* Grignon. f.

1753 1 scalarinum (Tereb.) Lam.
\opthla Gray.

1754 2* serratum Dufresne. Columb. occ.

B. Northii Reeve.
B. pristis l)h.
Pusioiiella Gray.

1755 1* nifat Adans. Brug Senegal.

M. pusio Born.
Eutliria Gray.

1756 3 corneus L M. med.

F. lignarius Lam.

1757 1* fuscatum Brug. Ig. 41 m. Peru.
Pisania Biv. (Nassa Bolt.)

1758 2* trilonis Reeve. Antill.

1759 3 pennatum Ch.

B. plumatum Gm.

1760 2* striata (Vol.) Gm. M. med.

B. variegatum Brug.
V. syracusanus Gm.
P. variegata Wag.

1761 1 situla R. Ind. or.

1762 2 sertum Brug.

1763 1 hederaceum Mart.

B. coronatum Gm.

B. francolirius Brug. Lam.

M. rusticus Meusch. Li. 986. f. 45.

94 Buccinea.

Vexilla Sw.

1764 1* vexillum Ch. _

Stromb. vexillum aurisiacum Ch.
B. crassum Gm.
V. pictum Sw.
Comiiiella C«iray.

1765 1 viverrinum Ki. Senegal.

Tafon Ad.

1766 1 crassum Ad. V. 1213, 4. Cap.

B. porcatum Gm.
B. mexicanum Brug.

1767 2 limbosum Lam.? —

1768 3 lagenarium Lam.

1769 22 anglicanum Ch. ?

1770 1* tigrinum Ki. Cap.

1771 1 maculosum Martyn. N. Zeland.

Fain.

JIurex L.
Troplion

1772 1 Geversianus Pallas. Ig. 88 m. Fret magelh

1773 1 minor. 36 m.

1774 4 craticulatus Fab. Gronland.

M. gronlandicus Reeve.
M. Fabricii Bk.

1775 4 (minor.)

1776 1* Gunneri Loven.

Neptunea clathrus Bolt?

1777 6 clathratus L.

1778 6 labiosus Gray. (1 c. op.) Chile.

M. crassilabris Sow*

Murex.

95

1779
1780
1781

1782
1783

1784
1785

1786
1687

1788

1789
1790

1791
1792
1793

1794

1795 1

Vitf ularia Sw.

1 salebrosus King.
1 (minor.)
1* scaber Ch.

M. miliaris Gm.

M. vitulinus Lam.

M. purpura Dh.

1 (minor.)
lloinaloeatitlia n.

2 scorpio L.
Huricidea (Sw.) n.

3 hexagonus Lam.
2 Blainvillii Payr.
Ocenebra Leacli.
2* erinaceus L.

1 alveatus Ki.

2 nuceus Morch.
Pliylloiiotu* Sw. 1833.

Centhronotus Sw.)
1* angularis Lam.
2 megaceros Sow.

P. cornu cervi Bolt. Mart.
1* Yoldii n.
5 trunculus L.
1 rosarium Ch.

M. melonulus Lam.
1* saxatilis L.

M. cichoreum Gm.

M. lactuca Bolt.

M. endivia Lam.
duplex Mart. Bolt.

M. saxatilis Lam. non L.

Panama.
Senegal*

Ind. or.

Antill.
M. med.

M. med.
Antill.

(Muricantns Sw.
Senegal.

3. f. 986, 8.
Japan?
M. med.
Guinea.

Ind. or.

Senegal.

96

Murex.

1796 1 nigrita Meusch.

M. radix Gm.

1797 1 melanoleuca n.

M. nigrita PhiL

1798 1 brassica Lam.

M. ducalis Brod A Sow.

1799 2 regius Sw.

1800 I1 imperialis Sw.

1801 1 bicolor Val. Ig. 110 m.

M. erythrostoma Sw.

1802 2 pomiformis Mart.

M. pomurn Gm.

M. asperrimus Lam.

1803
1804

1805
1806
1809
1810
1811

1812
1813
1814
1815

1816

Panama.

1* Sowerbyi Reeve.
1* tubifer Brug.
Pteroiiotus Sw.

21 uncinarius Lam.
1* acanthopterus Lam.
1 tripteroides Lam.
1* tricarinatus Lam.
5 alatus Bolt.

M. pinnatus Sw.

M. Martinianus Pfr.

1 sp.

51 triqueter Born.

2 capucinus Ch, Lam.
1 minor.
Chicoreus JItf

I* microphyllus Lam.

P. variegata Mart 3. f. 995. 96 ?
P. carneola Bolt

Antill.

Oc. pacif.
Grignon f.

Cap.
Japan?
Grignon t»

China.

Ind. or.

Ind. or.

Murex. 97

1817 t Banksii Sow. fnd. or.

1818 2 argyna Meusch. __

Triplex rosaria Perry.
M. palma rosae Lam.

1819 1 —

1820 1* tubulatus Martyn. China.

M. rubiginosus Reeve.

1 rufus Lam. Ind. or.

2* ramosus L. —

P. scabra Martyn.

M. versicolor Gm.

P. brunnea Link.

M. a d us tii s Lam.

3 (minor.)

1 cervicornis Lam. (Ig. 38 m. c. op.) -

M. cornu cervi Meusch.
1* (Ig. 30 m.)

2 cornu cervi Mart. 3. 982 Antill.

M. calcitrapa Lam.
1827 3* brevifrons Lam. —

M. costatus Meusch*?

P. frondosa fasciata Martf. 985.
2 var. —

5 sinensis Reeve. China.

2 frondosus Mart, Ind. or.

P. incarnata Bolt.

M. inflatus Lam.

M. ramosus Aut. non L.

4 (minor.) fetafifl'. —
1* (Ig. 200 m.) _
2 virgineus Bolt.

M. rudis Link.

98

IVlurex.

1834
1835

1836

1837

1838
1839

1840
1841

1842
1843

1844

1845

1846

1847
1848

1849
1850
1851

Brontes Mtf.

M. anguliferus Lam.
3 (minor.)

1 seriegalensis Gm.

Le Sirat Ad.
1

Haustellum KJ.
3 bellus Reeve.

H. variegatum Mart. 3. f. 1068.
1* chrysostoma Gray.
6 haustellum L.
(Murex Bolt. Lam. Mtf.)
1* rarispina Lam.

M. formosus Wood.

2 trapa Bolt.

M. Martinianus Reeve.
2 nigrispina Reeve.
6 tribulus L.

M. crassispina Lam.
1* duplicates Ch.

M. tribulus nobilior L.

M. tenuispina Lam.

(minor.)
ternispina Lam.
hystrix Mart.

M. tribulus maximus Ch,

M. Forskalii Bolt.

M. scolopax Dw.
Ilaustellaria (Sw.) n.
3 Branderis L.
2
1 var. triseriatim spinosa

Teneriffa.
Brasilia.

i

Antill?

I. Margarit.
Ind. or.

Philippin.
Ind. or.

M. rub.

M. med.

Turbinella. 99

1852 1 cornutus L. Guinea.

1853 1 _
Fa in. Fu«id<c.

Turbinella I^am.
Peristernia n.

1854 1 crenulata Reeve. ?

T craticulata Wag.

1855 5* nassatuia Lam. > affios«»lnd. or.

1856 1 incarnata Dh.

1857 1* heptagonalis Reeve.

1858 2 eo::tracta (Bucc.) Reeve. —
Clavella Sw. (Clavilithes Sw. 1840.)

1 longaeva Brander. Grignon f.

2 uniplicata Lam. —

3 rugosa (Fusus) Lam. —

1 filosa Wag. Guinea.

1* afer Lam. Le lipin Ad. _

Lathyrus mtf. (Polygona Sch.)

1864 1* attenuata Reeve. Antill.?

1865 2 annulata Bolt. Link. *|OH Antill.

Ch. 4 f. 1316.
Syrinx clathrata Bolt.

1866 1* filamentosa Koch. —

1867 4 (minor.) —

1868 2 turrita Gm. Ind. or.

T. lineata Lam.
M. vexillum Gm.

1869 1 craticulata L.

B. costatum Martyn.

1870 1 zea n. sp. Guinea.

1871 4 ananas Ch. Antill.

B. sulcatum Meuscb.

100 Turbinella.

M. infundibulum Gin.

1872 1 gibbula Gm. Antill.

Fusus filosus Lam.

1873 3 recurvirostra Wag.

CPlicatella Sw.) Gray.

1874 1* candelabrum Reeve Panama.

1875 1 polygona L. c. op. Ind. or.
Leucozoiiia Gray. (Lagena Sch.)

1876 2 nassa Gm. Guinea.

1877 2 fuscata(\7ol.)Gm.List.828f.50. Antill.

Mart. 4. f. 1133, 34.
T. angularis Reeve?

1878 1 brasiliana d'Orb. Brasilia.

T. Knorrii R ? non Dh.

1879 1* smaragdulus L. Ind. or.

T. rustica Lam.

1880 3 nigella Ch. Antill.

T. ocellata Gm.

1881 2* cingulata (Monoceros) Lam. Acapulco.
Vasuiti Bolt. Cynodona Sch*

1882 2 capitelliim L. Antill.

1883 1 muricata Born.

T. pugillaris Lam.

1884 1 rhinoceros Ch. Africa.

1885 4. cornigera L. Ind. or.

1886 1 armata Brod. Oc. pacif.

1887 1 ceramica L. Ind. or.

1888 1 (minor.)

Xaiicus Bolt. (Mazza Kl. Turbinella Lam.)

1889 1 ovoidea Ki. (c. epid.) Brasilia.

1890 1 rapa Lam. Ind. or.

.

Cancellaria. 101

1891 3 pyrum L. Ind. or,

1892 5 (pulli.)

Cancellaria I, am (\acella Bolt.)

1893 2 reticulata L. Antill.

1894 4 scabriculus L. S. N. X. M. med.

V. cancellata L. S N. XII.

1895 1* chrysostoma Sow. Peru*

1896 2 rugosa Lam. Antill.

1897 1* scalariformis Mart. Ind. or.

V. nassa Gm.

1898 1* var.?

1899 3 buccinoides Sow. P. Portrero.

1900 2* asperella Lam. Ind. or.

1901 I1 sp. Panama.
i Admete Ilroyer. >

1902 1 viridula Fabr. Gronland.

A crispa Moll.
Fascfolaria L,am (Colus Bolt.)

1903 3" tulipa L. Antill.

1904 2 filamentosa Ch.

Xeptunea cincta Link.

1905 2 trapezium L. Ind. or.

1906 2 var.? M. rub.

1907 1 clava Jonas. Ig. 140 m. Ind. or.

F. persica Reeve.

1908 1 lignaria L. M. med.

F. tarentina Lam.

1909 2 var.

Fusus Kl (Colus Humphr. Syrinx Bolt.)

1910 1 incisus Martyn. Ind. or.

F. proboscidiferus Lam.
M. aruanus Gm. non L.

102 Fusus.

1911 1

glabratus Ch.

Ind. or.

M. undatus Gin.

S. tabacarius Bolt

F. incrassatus Lam.

1912 1

tuberculatus Lam. Ki. 7. f. 1.

—

1913 2

forceps Perry.

China.

F. turricula Ki.

1914 3

glomeratus Meusch. Gualt. 52. L

,? —

1915 1

lineatus Ch.

Antill.

F. ansatus Gm.

1916 21

var.

1917 1

distans Lam. Ki.

?

1918 1*

reuma Martyn.

—

1919 1

nicobaricus Ch. ?

Ind. or.

1920 1*

nicobaricus Ki. non. Ch.

ntt- —

1921 2s

polygonoides Lam.

M. rub.

1922 1

rostratus Olivi. Ig. 70 m.

M. med.

M. Sanctae Lucise Salis.

1923 3

—

1924 1

sp.

?

1925 1

Dupetit-Thouarsii Ki. (c. op.)

California

1926 4

marmoratus Phil.

Brasilia.

F. multicarinatus d'Orb. non Lam.

1927 1 parvulus Ch. Bolt. ?

S. buccinoides Bolt.
Neptunea minor. Link.
F. ocelliferus Lam. Enc.

F. verruculatus Lam.
^ ^

1928 4 maroccanus Ch. M. med

B. soaevulum Meusch.
F. sinistralis Lam.

Cassidulu?. 103

1 Hnea Martyn. N. Zeland.

M. lineatus Ch.

Cassidulus lluitiplir. (Pyrula Lam.)
(Hemifusus Sw.)

1 colosseus Lam. Ig. 100 m. Jnd. or.
1 tuba Gm. China.

1 ternatanus Ch. Ind. or.

3 morio L. Africa.

1 var. ?

(Volema Bolt. Pugilina Sch )
3 pugilinus Born. Ind. or.

Fusus ponderosus Ch.
Pyrula vespertilio Gm.

2 paradisiacus Mart. M. rub.

Pyrula nodosa Lam.
(Myristica Sw.)

2 asper Mart. 398, 99. Ind. or.

Pyrula galeodes Lam.
Volema aromatica Bolt.

1 myristica Lam. Enc. Bolt.

P. squamosa Lam.
P. calcaratus Dw.
P. Martiniana Pfr.
(Cassidulus Humphr. Galeodes Bolt. Melon-

gena Sch.)

1* patula Brod. & Sow. 75 m. Panama.
1* melongena L. AntilL

2 (minor.) —
Chorus Gray.

2 xanthostoma (Purpura) Brod.

(c. op.) Valparaiso.

104 Busycum.

1943 1* (jun. c. op.) Valparaiso.

1944 1 giganteus Less. __

Monoceros fusoides King.
Busycum Bolt. (Fulgur Mtf. Pyrula Lam.)

1945 1 canaliculatum L. Am. bor.

Volema granulata Link,

1946 I3 aruarium L. Antill.

Pyrula carica Gm.

1947 1 perversum L. Ind. or.

(Tudicla Bolt. Pyreila Sw.)

1948 2 spirillus L. —

1949 1 rusticulum Bast. Burdigala t
Liostomus Sw.

1950 2 bulbus Brander. Grignon f.

Fusus bulbiformis Lam.
Slplio KJ. (Atractus Ag. Fusus Lam.)

1951 1 islandicus Ch. 1. 100 m. «Faeroe."

1952 3* ventricosus Gray. Terra nov.

F. striatus Sow.
Neptunea Bolt. (Chrysodomus Sw.)

1953 1 antiquus L. (c. op.) Oc. bor.

1954 1* minor, (c. op.)

1955 1 sinistrorsa.

1956 21 despectus L. ._

1957 2* fusiformis Blv. Chile.

F. purpuroides d'Orb.
P. d'Orbignyii Reeve.
F. raphanoides Gray.

1958 1* nodosus Martyn. N. ZelandV

Drupa glans Bolt.
F. raphanus Lam.

Ranella.

105

Fain Triton;! dee

Ranella Lam. Bursa Bolt.
Tritoiiitim lliill

1959 10 undatum L. Oc. bor.

var.

Humphreysianum Bennet. Gronland.

tenebrosum Hanley.

lineatura Gm. Kn. Del. 3. XIV. f. 4. —

B. cyaneum Moll, non Brug.
5 var. apertura cyanea.
1 ciliatum Fab. fjuv.) —

T Molleri Reeve.
1 scalariforme Bk. Ig. 52 m.
1 Ig. 43 m.
1 glaciate L.
Argobuccinum HI.

1 vexillum Cumg.

M. affinis Gm. ?

2 minor

1* rudis (Triton) Brod.

3* scabra King. c. epid.

2

Lampas Sell.

2 ventricosa Sow. c. op.

venustula Reeve.

1* cruentata Sow.

1 rhodostoma Bk.

2 bufo Ch.

M. bufonia Gm.
Bursa mammata Bolt.

Panama.

Peru.

Chile.

Ind. or.
China.
Manila
Ind. or.

106 Ranella.

1981 1 rubeta L.? Ind. or.sr*

T. tuberosum Bolt Ch* 4.
1236, 37.

1982 1 lampas L. Ig. 240 m.

1983 2 minor.

Apolloii Mtf. (Gyrina Scb.)

1984 1 leucostoma Lam. N. Holland.

Biplex australasiae Perry?

1985 1* (minor.)

1986 1 olearium L. M. med.

R. gigantea Lam.

1987 3 gyrinus L. Ind. or.

R. ranina Lam.

G. verrucoaum Link.

1988 5 olivator Meusch. Mart 4, 1229. 30 —

Gyrineumnatator (Trit.)BoltLnk.
R. tuberculata Brod.

1989 2 var. ? nodosa R. tuberculata Brod. —

1990 2* granulare Bolt

R. rubicola Perry.
R. granifera Lam.

1991 1* quercina n. List 943. f. 39? Guinea.

Scbr. n.Lit 3. til. f. 16, 17.
Bursa Bolt. (Gyrineum Link. Buionaria Sch.)

1992 3 crumena Lam Ind. or.

1993 3 rana L. —

1994 2 var. ? R. albivaricosa Reeve. China.

1995 1 elegans Bk. Ind. or.

1996 2 Suensonii n. Ig. 170 m. Nicobar

Mart. 4. f. 1276.

1997 2 (minor.)

sjtl

Triton. 107

1998 11 bufonia Bolt. Ind. or.

G. echinatum Link.
R. spinosa Lam.

Triton Cant. Tritonlum Bolt*

Dlstorsio Bolt. (Distortrix Link. Persona Mtf. )

2 anus L. Ind. or.

1 (minor.) —

1 ridens Reeve (jun.) Guinea?

Cassis penita JMeusch. (Sba.

60. 5, Gualt. 31 D.)
M. reticularis L. Bk«

1 decipiens Reeve. China.

2 reticularis L. Antill.

T. clathratum Lam.
1* (c. op.)

Iliiidsia Gray. (Nassaria Link.)
2* albus Mart. Tranquebar.

B. niveum Gm.

Nept. pusilla Bolt.

N. lyrata Link.

1 acuminata Reeve. Cap?

Epidromus HI. (Colubraria Sch. Cumia Biv.)
1* rudis (Buc.) Meusch Gualt. 44 H. Ind. or.

T. clathratus Sow.
6 obscurus Reeve.

4 tcstaceus n. Bon. 3 t. 48? Antill.
1 distortus Wag. Ind. or.

B. digitellum Gm.?
1 intertextus Helb. JVL med.

T. pygmaeus Pfr. Reeve,

R. lanceolata Phil.

108 Trilon

2012 3 lanceolatus Mke. Antill.
tqiiilu* Mtf. (CabestanaBolt.)

2013 2* labiosus Wood.

2014 2 —

2015 4* dolarium L. Cap.

2016 1* cutaceus L. M. med

2017 1* (minor.)

2018 1 Spengleri Ch. Cap.
Lampusia Ql) Sell. (Triton Mtf.

2019 1* australis Ch. N. Holl.

2020 1 opis Bolt. M. med

T. nodiferum Lam.

2021 1 variegatum Lam. Enc. Antill.

T. marmoratum Link.

2022 1 (pullus.)

2023 2* tritonis L Ig. 300 m. Ind. or.
Simpiilum K.1. (Lampusia Sch.)

2024 2 costatus Born. Brasilia?

B, costato tuberculatum Ch.

1252, 3.

M. parthenopus Salis.
T. succinctum Lam.
T. pileare L. d'Orb.

2025 7 pileare L. Lam. Antill.

T. Martinianus d'Orb. Ch. 4.
1248, 9.

2026 2 aquatilis Reeve.

2027 5 rubecula L. Ind. or.

2028 1 chlorostomum Lam. c. op.

2029 2

2030 1* corrugatum Lam. M. med.

Triton 109

2031 I1 caudatum Say? Am. bor.

2032 2 ficoides Reeve. Guinea.
Cyiiiaf iinti Bolt. (Lotorium Mtf.)

2034 3 femorale L. Antill.

2035&1* grandimaculatum Reeve? Ind. or.?

2036 2 rhinoceros Bolt.

T. distortus Lain. Enc.

T. lotorium Lam.

Septa triangularis Perry.

2037 2 lotorium L. (non autt.)

P. pilosa Mart.

T. pyrum Lam. non L.
1* var.

3 cynocephalum Lam. Antill.

1* pyraster Lam. Grignon t.

Gutturnium 141
1* antillarum d'Orb. Antill.

T. tuberosum Reeve f. 1 b.
2 nodulus Mart. Ind. or.?

T. tuberosum Lam.

Distorsio muricina Bolt

M. ranula Meusch.

T. pyriformis Conr.?
Ranularia Sell.

1 caudatus Gm. Ind. or.

T. canaliferum Lam.
t pyrum L. (monente Bk.)
M. clavator Ch
P. gutturnium Mart.
R. longirostra Sch.

2 sinensis Reeve. China.

Pyrula. Dolium.

(Monoplex PerryJ n.

2046 1 obesus Perry. Ind. or'

T. retusum Lam.
(Lagena Kl.)

2047 4 clandestinus Ch.

B. cincticulum Meusch.
Nept. doliata Bolt.

2048 3 rostratus (Dol.) Mart. 3. f. 1083. Antill.

Fus. cutaceus Lam. Enc.
Cassidaria cingulata Lam. hist.
Tr. undosum Ki.

2049 1 Wiegmanni Anton. Acapulco.

F. Chemnitzii Gray.

Sycofypus Browne. (Ficus Kl. Bolt. Py-
rula Lam. Ficula Sw.)

2050 2 ficus L. ttjfl Ind. or.

Ficula laevigata Reeve.
F. variegatus Bolt.

2051 4 ficoides Lam.

2052 1* var.?

2053 2 Dusumieri \ al.

2054 2 reticulatus Lam.

2055 1 sp.

P. reticulata Ki?

Dolium Browne. (Galea Kl. Cadus Bolt.
Perdix Mtf.)

2056 3 perdix L. Ind. or.

2057 1 var.? ,,Brasilia."

2058 2 pennatum Mart. 3. f. 1078. Antill.

2059 2 olearium L. 100. m. Ind. or.

2060 1 var.? ?

Oniscia Cassidaria.

Ill

M. med.
Brasilia.
China,
hid. or.

Guinea.

2061 2 australe Ch. China.

B. chinense Dw.

D. variegatum ,,Lam." Phil.
2 galea L.
1* crenulatum Phil.
2 zonatum Green.
4 fasciatum Mart.
1* lactescens Mart.

D. costatum Dh.
cassis Bolt.

D. maculatum Lam.
1* tessellatum Lam.

D. minjac. Ad. Dh,

D. fimbri.'itum Sow.

B. dolium L.
1* (minor).

(Malea Val. Cadium Link.)
1* dentatum Barnes.
2* pomum L.

Jlorum Bolt. (Oniscia Sow. Theliostoma Aut.
Sow. Gen. Lambidium Link.)
(Morum Bolt.)

1 oniscus L.

I1 Lamarckii Dh.

S. oniscus Linnaei Ch. XI.

1712, 13,

1* tuberculosum Sow.
(Oniscidta Sw.)
2* cancellata Sow.
Oaleodea Link.. (MorioMtf. Cassidaria Lam.)

2 harpaeformis Lam. Grignon. f
2 echinophora L. M. med.

2062
2063
2064
2065
2066

2067 3
2068

2069

2070
2071

2072
2073

2074
2075

2076
2077

Panama.
Ind. or.

Antill.

Guinea?

9

China.

112 Cassis.

2078 2 rugosa L. Mantis, M. med

B. strigosum Gm.

C. thyrhena Autt. non Ch.

B. nodosum Wood.

Cassis ML1.

Cassidea Sw. (Cassis Kl.)

2079 8* vibex L. Ind. or.

var* C. erinaceus L.

2080 2 quadrata Link. (Mart 2. f. 385,86.) —

C. torquata Ueeve.

2081 2 var. nodosa.

2082 t* major.

2983 2* minor. —

2084 1* achatina Lam.

2085 3 pyrum Lam. Zeylon.

2086 2

2087 1 var. C. Zeylanica Lam.
Semicassis 141

2088 2* japonica Reeve. China.

2089 4 pila Reeve. —

2090 2 pomum Wag.

2091 2 saburon Brug. Guinea?

2092 4 canaliculata Brug, Ind. or.

2093 1* siilcosa Born. M. med.

B. variatum Martyn.

2094 3 var. —

2095 1* tessellata Ch.? Guinea?

2096 1 ventricosa Mart Antill.

C. granulosa Lam.
B. granulaturn Born.

2097 1 bisulcata Wag.? -

Cassis.

113

2098 3 cicatricosa Meusch. Antill.

C. recurvirostris Gm. non Reeve.
C. granulosa jun. Ki.

2099 1 lactea Ki.

2100 1 gibba Gm. List. 999. f. 64.

C. globulus Bolt.
C. abbreviata Lam.
Fhalium Link. (Bezoardica Sch.)

2101 1 glauca L.

2102 3* decussata L.

2103 2 areola L.

2104 2 undata Mart.

% C. zebra Lam.

2105 2 (minor.)
Cassis Browne.

cornuta L. (juv.)

Madagascariensis Lam.
1* tuberosa L. Ig. 110 m.

flammea L.

spinosa Meusch. Ig. 90 m.
Cypraecassis Stutsehb.

rufa L. .
Ig. 60 m.
(juv.) B. pennatum Gm.

testiculus L.

2106

1

2107

1

2108

r

2109

3

2110

i

2111

2

2112

1

2113

1

2114

4

Fa in. Cypraeada?.

Cypraea L.

2115 2 cervus L.

C. cervina Lam.

2116 2* cervinetta Ki.

2117 3* exanthema L.

Ind. or.

AntilL

Ind. or.

Antill.

Peru.
Antill.

8

114 Cypraea.

2118 3 (minor.) Antill.

2119 4 Cjun.)

2120 3 argus L. Ind. or.

2121 2 testudinaria L.

2122 1* amarata Meusch. 1787. —

C. scurra Ch.
C. indica Gm.

2123 1 var.

2124 6 arabica L.

2125 9 (jun.)
212(> 2*

2127 2* reticulata L.

C. amethystea L, ? / —

2128 5 (minor.)

2129 2* arlequina Ch. —

C. histrio Gm.

2130 3 mappa L.

2131 2* pulchella Sw. China.

2132 5 stercoraria L. Guinea,

2133 2* (minor.)

2134 4 (junO

2135 5 mus L. Antill.

2136 1* Scottii Brod. N. Holl.

C. Friendtii Gray.

2137 1

2138 4* mauritiana L. Ind. or.

2139 3* (jun.)

2140 11 caput serpentis L. —

2141 1 arenosa Gray. Oc. pacif.

2142 2 ventriculus Lam. —

C. achatina SoK

2143 I1 tessellata Sw. N. Zeland.

Cypraea. 115

3 Isabella L. hid. or.

4 talpa L.

3 carneola L. —
1 aurora Sol. (antice perforate.)

Ig. 95 m. Taitu

C. aurantiumMartynnonMart*)
2* lurida L. M. med.

3* succincta L. Antill.

C. cinerea Mart.

C. sordida Lam.

6 (minor.) —

1 camelopardalis Perry. M. rub.

C. melanostoma Leathes.

4 vitellus L. Ind. or.
1 lynx L. Ig. 65 m. —

5 var. —
4 (jun.) —

1 pardus Bolt. M. rub.

C. leopardus Link.
C. pantherina Sol.
C. tigrina Lam.

2156 2* (var.) Nicobar.

2157 1 (monstrositas).

2158 14* tigris L. Ind. or.

2159 1 (minor.)

2160 3 (jun.)

2161 11 moneta L.

2162 3 var.

2163 6 annulus L.

v) C. gultata Gm.

116

Cypraea.

2165
2166

2167

2168
2169

2170

2164 3* obvelata Lam. Ind. or.

C. obvallata Reeve.
5 asellus L.
2* clandestina L.

C. moniliaris Lam*
3* hirundo L.
11 caurica L.
4* crenata Bolt

C. cruenta Dw.
C. variolaria Lam.
C. morbilosa Bolt
12* erronea L,

C. olivacea Lam,
cylindrica Born.

(minor.)
felina Gm.
iinibriata Gm.
Saulii Ga.sk.
punctulata Gray. Pbilippin.

(minor.) Panama,

arabicula Lam.
1* pallida Gray.

sanguinolenta Gm.

lentiginosa Gray. Africa.

zonata Ch. Ceylon.

1* picta Gray. Guinea.

1* surinamensis Perry. ^Surinam."

pyrum Gm. M. med.

C. rufa Lam.

1* onyx L. Ind. or.

carnicolor Duclos.

C. onyx. Reeve, f. 39 b.

2171

1*

2172

2

2173

1

2174

1*

2175

1*

2176

2*

2177

2

2178

2*

2179

1*

2180

3

2181

1*

2182

1

2183

1*

2184

1*

2185

2*

2186

1*

2187

1*

Cypraea.

117

3* undata Lam.

C. vittata Dh. Diet, class.

C. diluculum Reeve,ffii«*
3* ziczac L.
3* lutea Meusch.
JLupoiiia (Gray.) n.
4* algoensis Gray.
3* flaveola L.

C. spurca Reeve.

C. acicularis Gm.
3* spurca L.

C. flaveola Reeve.

C. lota Born.
7* helvola L.
1 poraria L.
10 ocellata L.
1* Lamarckii Gray.
1 (major.)
3* turdus Lam.
1* miliaris Gm.
1* eburnea Barnes. Ig. 47 m.
1* esontropia Duel. Ig. 32 m.

Ind. or.

4

1

9

2*

2

cribraria L.

var.
erosa L.

(minor.)
stolida L.
Pustularia Sw.
4* limacina Lam.

1 staphylaea L.

C. granata Meusch.

2 nucleus L.

Cap.
M. med.

Antill.

Ind. or.

Mozambique.

M. rub.
Philippin.
I. Fidji.
Ind. or.
ftbnrl

—

118

Cypraea.

California.

AntilK

Eiiropa.

Panama.

?
AntilL

2211 2 cicercula L. Ind. or.

2212 1* globulus L.
Trivia C*ray.

2213 3 pustulata Lam. Acapulco.

2214 3 radians Lam.

2215 1* Solandri Gray. var.

2216 10* pediculus L.

2217 3 europaea Mtg.

C. coccinella Lam.

2218 2 sanguinea Gray.

C. latyrus Duf.

2219 3* subrostrata Gray

2220 8* rotunda Ki.

C. quadripunctata Gray?

2221 5* suffusa Gray —

C. armandina Dncl.

2222 5 globosa Sow*

C. pilula Ki.

2223 8* pulex SoL

2224 1* ovulata Lam. an.

C. ovula Lam. hist.

2225 3* var. alba.

Ovula Lain Amphiceras
(Ampbiceras Meusch. Volva Bolt.)

2226 3 ovum L. Ind. or.

C. oviformis Lam.

2227 2 concinna Sow. Philippin.

A. Cumingii Morofr.^ fit

2228 24* carnea Poiret M. med.
(Calpumus Ifltf. )

2229 5* verrucosa L. Philippin.

M. med.
Cap.

0?ula. 119

(Cyphoma Bolt.)

2230 3 gibbosa L. AntilL

2231 2* intermedia Sow. Brasil.

2232 1* t.
(Radius Sell.)

2233 1* birostris L. hid. or.
(Radius Htf.)

2234 4 volva L. Guinea.
(Simula Leach 1*26 Scymuia RIs.)

2235 3* nniplicata Sow. Brasil.

2236 3* aricularis Lam. Antill.
Pedicularia S\v

2237 t* sicula Sw. M. med.

Thyreus paradoxus Phil.

Trib. 2. JIarg-iiielliii<e.

Erato Risso.

2238 4 Maugeriae Gray. Antill.

f.aiii

Glabella Sw.

2239 t* pseudofaba Sow. Senegal

2240 2* faba L.

2241 2* var.

2242 1* arenaria Yoldi.

M. bifasciata var Sow. f. 13.

2243 1* Adansonii Ki.

2244 2 muscaria Lam. Cap.
Poreellana Ads. (Cucumis Kl.)

2245 2* glabella L. Senegal.

Cucumis ocellata MarUq^.4
Gl. ruffina Sw.

120 Marginalia,

2246a 4* irrorata Mke. Brasilia?

2247 5* aurantia Lam. Senegal.

2243 7* undulata Mart. Cap,

M. rosea Lam.

M. arabicus Meusch.

2249 1* var. _

2250 3* pyrum Meusch. Cap.

Pterygia flammea Link.
M. nubeculata Lam.
M. picta Dw.
Ufarginella Dw.

2251 1 pellucida Pfr. AntilL

M. diaphana Ki.

2252 2* conoidalis Ki.

2253 4* apicina Mke. —

M. flavida Redf.

2254 2* amygdaium Ki. Senegal.

2255 2* curta Sow. Peru.

2256 4 subcaerulea Mart. Antill.

V. prunum Gm.

V. caerulescens Lam.

2257 1* xanhostoma n. Curacaa.

difFert a M. pulchra Gray spira-
breviere, labro postice mi-
nus producta.

2258 1* vesiculata Mart —

M. longivaricosa Lam. Senegal.

2259 2 cincta Ki. ?

2260 6* marginata Born Antill.

M. bivaricosa Lam*
Cryptospira (Hinds.) n.

2261 2* quinqueplicata Lam. Ind. or.

Marginalia. 121

2262 1 var. Ind. or.

2263 1 n. sp. Nicobar.

2264 1 elegans Gm. ?

Persicula maxima Mart.

Volutella Sw. (non Perry.)

2265 1* bullata Born. Ig. 61 m. Brasilia.

V. ovum Gm. ^

M. Belangeri Ki.

2266 1* Ig. 51 m.

2267 1* Largillieri Ki. Bahia.

2268 3* angustata Sow. — ,ri

V. bullata Gm. Ki.;|qfft

Persieula Sebum.

2269 5* fasciata Mart. Senegal.

P. lineata Link.
V. cingulata Dw.
Bobi Ad.

2270 5* persicula L.

M. guttata Link.
P. punctata Mart.

2271 10 interrupto lineata Miihlf. 1818. Antill.

M. interrupta Lam.

2272 2* obesa Redf. (March. 1846.)

M. similis Sow. (Octbr. 1846.)

Gibberula Sw.

2273 3* miliaria L. M. med.

Volvaria miliacea Lam.

2274 1* phrygia Sow. Antill.

2275 2* muralis Hinds. Curasao.

2276 221 monilis L. M. rub.

122 Marginalia.

Ilyaliiia Gray, (non Scb.)

2277 20* pallida L. non autt. Antill.

M. avena Val. Ki.
M. avenacea Dh.
M. varia Sow.

2278 1* lactea Ki. _

Pers. parva Mart. f. 426.
Volvaria JLam. (Hyalina Scli.)

2279 5* pellucida Sch.

V. pallida Lam. non L.

Fam. Voluticlee.

HIelo Iluinplir. (Cymbium Mtf.)

2280 1 aethiopica Lam. Ind. or.

2281 1* Ig. 70 m.

2282 1* senticosa Bolt (Mart. 3 f. 788.)

V. armata Lam*

2283 1* ramosa Meusch. Ig. 150 m.

V. diadema Lam.
Cymb. flammeum. Mtf.

2284 3 indica Gm.

V. praeputium Ch*

C. indiarum orientalium Mart.

V. melo Sol.

2285 4 (jun.)

2286 2 —

Cymbium KI. (Yetus Ad. Cymba Brod.)

2287 1* persicum Mart. Africa.

V. Neptuni Gm.

GL naevosa Meusch.

V. navicella Gm.

C. patera C. carinatum Bolt,

Voluta,

1* Ig. 50 m.
2* olla L.

O excavatum Mart.

C. marmoratum Link.

C. jacobinum Bolt.

C. cisium Mke.
) 1* philippinum Mart.

V. papillaris Gm. Sch.

C. melo Bolt

V. olla Aut.
Voluta JL

Cymbiola Sw. (Scapha Gray. Vespertilio KL)

7 vespertilio L. Ind. or.

8 (minor.)
2 (pulli.)

1 var. V. serpentina Lam?
1* Spengleriana Mart. Ig. 110 m.
V. imperialis Lam.

2296 1 Ig* 13U m.

2297 2* mamilla Meusch.

C. capitis bonae spei spurium

Mart.
V. scapha Gm.

2298 t

2299 1* fasciata Wag? China.

2300 1* Moltkiana Mart. Ind. or.

V. flavicans Gm.
V* volvacea Lam.
V. punctata Ki.

2301 1 marmorata Sw. Ig. 120 m. N. Holl.

2302 1 nivosa Lam. Ig. 90 m.

2303 1 undulata Lam. —

124 Volula.

Scapliella

2304 2 zebra Leach. N. Holl.

Marginella radiata Lam.
Musica llumplir.

2305 1 musica L. Ig. 81 m. Antill.

2306 3 var. V. carneolata Lam.

2307 2 var. V. thiarella Lam. —

2308 2 var. V. Guineensis Ch. Guinea?

2309 1 hebraea L. Ig. 90 m. Ind. or.

2310 1 var. Ig. 100 m.

2311 1 var. Ig. 100 m. —
Harpula Sw.

2312 1* lapponica L. —

2313 1 vexillum Mart. Ind. or.

M. arausiacus Meusch.

2314 2 muricina Lam. Grignon t-

2315 2 musicalis Ch.
Fulguraria Sch.

2316 4 fulgura Mart. China.

V. rupestris Gm.
V. fulminata Lam.
L,yria 6ray.

2317 I3 lyrata Humphr. 1825. Panama?

Harpula harpa S w. Exct. Conch.
V. costata Sw. non Brand,
V. anna Less.

2318 1* Delessertiana Petit. Madagascar.

2319 3 costata Brander. Grignon t»

V. torulosa Dh.

2320 1 nucleus Lam. Ind. or.

2321 3 harpula Lam. Grignon f.

Harpa. 125

Volutilithes Sw. (Flejona Bolt.)

2322 lx crenulata Lam. Grignon t-

2323 2 citharoedus Ch. —

V. cithara Lam.'

2324 4 spinosa L.

2325 1 rarispina Lam. (c. Crepidula

unguiforme Bast.) Bordeaux f-
Fain. Olividce.

Harpa Ilumplir. Cytliara 141.

2326 I* costata L. Ig. 80 m. Ind. or.

11. imperial!* Lam

2327 2 ventricosa Lam.

2328 2* major Mart Bolt. Link.

B. conoiclalis Lam.

B. testudo Sol. ap Don.

2329 8 nablium Mart.

H. davidis Bolt.

H. antiqua Ch.

H. articularis Lam.

2330 2 cancellata Ch.

H. striata Sw.

2331 1* crenata Sw. Panama.

H. Rivoliana Less.

H. rosea crenata Gray.

2332 1 rosacea Mart. Guinea.

H. doris Bolt
H. rosea Lam.

2333 31 nobilis Mart. Ind. or.

2334 3 crassa n.

Mart. 3. f. 1095.

2335 3* minor Mart. —

H. amoretta Bolt.

2336 1 mutica Lam. Grignon t«

126 Ancillaria.

Ancillaria Lam. (Eburna Lam. 1801. Dip-
saccus Kl.)

2336 5* glabrata L. Antill.

2337 3 balteata Sow. —

2338 2* Tankervillii Sw —

( )

2339 1* torosa Meusch. (List. 746. f. 400 Mauritius.

P. tumida Bolt.

A. mauritiana Sow.

A. volutella Dh.

2340 1 alba Ki. t. 1. f. 1. b.

(Ancilla Lam.)

2341 4* ampla Gm. Ind. or.

A. Candida Lam.

2342 1 albisulcata Sow. f. 16.

2343 1* ventricosa Sow. f. 31, 32?

2344 2 caffra Forsk. p. 33 t. 40 f. F. M. rub.

V. ampla var. Gm. Mart. 2.

723, 24?
V. albisulcata Sow. f. 12, 15.

2345 2* (jun.)

(Anaulax Roissy.)

2346 1* australis Sow. N. Holland.

2347 3* buccinoides Lam. Grignon. t.

Oli va I, a in.

Scaphula Sir* (non Bens.)

2348 I2 vesica (Bulla) Gm. Patagonia.

O. auricularia Lam.
O. patula Sow.
O. clanophia Duel.

2349 1 aquatilis Reeve jun. prseced? Brasilia.

Oliva.

127

Agaronia €Wray.

4 megalostoma Meuscb. Senegal,

O. hiatula Gin.
Hiatula Lamarckii Sw.
Ancilla maculata Sch.

1 sp.
Olivancillaria ci Orb

4 brasiliensis Ch. Brasilia.

P. urceus Bolt.

O. brasiliana Lam.
Utriculiiia Gray.
7 gibbosa Born. Ind. or.

P. cingulata Ch.

O. ventriculus Lam.
I1 lutaria Bolt.

O. subulata Lam.
1* acuminata Lam.

2 (minor.)

1 litterata Lam. Antill.
Streplioiia (Browne.) n.

splendidula vSow. Panama.

flammulata Lam. Antill.

Mica marmorea Mart 2. 526.
2* jaspidea Duel. Ind. or.

O. Duclosii Reeve.
11* reticularis Lam. Antill.

C. olivaceus Meusch.
1* var. fasciata Duel. t. 9 f. 11. —

2 var. unicolor castanea.
5* ispida Link.

O. fusiformis Lam.
2* polpasta Duel. Panama.

3*
6*

128

Oliva.

2466

3* peruviana Lam. (undulata.) Panama.

23G7

4* var. punctata.

2368

4* — unicolor. —

2369

1* — castanea. —

2370

1* angulata.

2371

1 angulata Lam. Ig. 75 m. Antill.

V. incrassata Sol.

V. corticata et striatula Martyn?

2372

1* Ig. 62 m. —

2373

1* porphyrea L. Ig. 90 m. Brasilia.

P. tentoria Link.

2374

1* Ig. 80 m.

2375

2

Porpliyria (Bolt.) n.

2376

2 porphyreticus Mart. Ind. or.

P. miniata Bolt.

O. erythrostoma Lam.

2377

6 var. —

2378

6 (minor.) —

2379

2 nobilis Reeve. —

2380

5 (minor.) —

2381

4* olympiadina Duel. —

C. flavus Meusch.?

2382

1 ponderosa Duel. —

2383

6 sericea Bolt.

Textile serieum Mart.

O. textilina Lam.

2384

9 tremulina Lam.

2385

2

2386

2 var.

2387

9 irisans Lam.

2388

2 sp. —

129

2389 3* mauritiana Mart. Ccastanea.) Ind. or.

P. vidua Bolt.

O. rnaura Lam.

3* var. aurantiaca. _

3* var. F. oliva Bolt. — .

1 var. _

10* var. O. tigrina Lam. —

(). holoserica Mart.

4 sp. China.

8 elegaris Lam. Ind. or.

7* guttula Mart _

O. tricolor Lam

P. variegata Bolt.

2397 11* viridescens Mart.

C. ventr. reticulatusMart. 978, 9.

P. reticulata Bolt.

O. sanguinolenta Lam.

2398 4* scripta Lam. —

2399 3* funebralis Lam.

P. labradorerisis Bolt.

2400 2 mustelina Lam.
Inpidula Gray.

2401 4* emicator Meusch. —

\ . annul at a Gm.

V. cruenta Sol.

P. amethystina Bolt.

P. aurata Link.

O. guttata. O. leucopha?a Lam.

2402 4* episcopalis Lam.

P. caerulea Bolt. Mart. 2. f. 518.

2403 25* ispidula L.

9

130 Oliva.

2404 4 var. aurantia. Ind. or,

2405 2 var. carnea.
Dactylus 141.

2406 22 avellana Lam. Guinea.

2407 4* undata Lam. M. rub.

2408 3* bulbosa Bolt (Mart. 2. f. 507. 8.) Ind. or,

V. ventricosa Sol.

2409 6 inflata Lam.

2410 3 tuberosa Bolt. —

O. bicincta Lam.
Cylindrus (Meusch.) Gray.

2411 10 carneolus Mart.

O. carneola Lam.

2412 4* tessellata Lam.

C. tigrinus Meusch.?

2413 1 fabagina Lam.

M. crassa Mart. 2. f. 532, 33.
Olivella Sw.

2414 20* exigua Mart. AntilL

V. jaspidea Gm.
O. conoidalis Lam.

2415 12

2416 16 parvula Mart.

V. nivea Gm.
O. eburnea Lam.

2417 10 oryza Lam.

2418 10 pulchella Duel.

2419 1* mitreola Duel.

2410 4 minuta Link. (Mart. 2. f. 545.) —

O. ziczac Duel.
2421 3 nitidula Sol. (Mart. 2. f. 546. 47.) —

O. mutiea Reeve.

Sigaretus. f31

2422 1 Esther Duel? Antill.

2423 6* millepunctata Duel. c. op.

2424 10* var. unicolor amethystina. —

2425 3 nana Lam.

O. micans Sol.
Olivina (d'Orb.) n.

2426 4* semistriata Gray. Peru.

2427 4* columellaris Sow. _

2428 1 n. sp. S. Thomas,

2429 1* biplicata Sow. peru
Lamprodoma S\v.

2430 4* volutella Lam &i

() coerulea Wood.

2431 8 var. castanea.

Fam. Naticida*.

Trib 1. Pollinfcida*.
Sigaretus fl>am Stomatia Browne.

2432 2 depressus Phil. Antill.

2433 I1 fuscus (Sinum Bolt) n. ?

Kiior. Verg. 4. t 17. f. 5.

2434 1 Zonatus d'Orb. Antill.

S. Martinianus PhiK

2435 1 concavus Lam. Ind. or.

2436 4 cymba Mke. Chile.

S. maximus Phil.
S. Grayi Dh.

Hatica Adaiis.

IVaticina G pay.

2437 1* papilla Gm. Ind. or.

9*

132 Nalica.

mantilla Sell.

2438 2 melanostoma Lam, Ind> or

N. mamillaris Born.

2439 2 sp.

2440 2 putamen Meusch, (List, 566 £ 15.) —

Mamma mulieris indicse Ch.
1936, 37,

2441 2 (minor)

2442 1 maura Lam,

N, nux castanea Martyn.
Hfeverita Risso. # B mo hoi

2443 1* patula Sow. Acapulco.

N. glauca llumh. d'Orb,
N. Bonplandi Val.

2444 1 glaucina L. Ind, or.

2445 2 olla M. de Serres. M. med.

N. Josephine Risso,
(Albula Bolt.)

2446 3 albumen L. Ind. or,
Pollinices Mtf. (Uber Humphr. Mamma Kl

2447 1 fuscata Ch. (c. op.) Antill.

N. brunnea Link.
N. mamillaris Lam.

2448 1 nitida Donovan*

N. mamilla L. p, p,
Naticina lactea Guild.

2449 1 alba Mtf. Ind. or.

2450 2 mamilla L.

N, tumida Sw. Ch. V.f, 1918, 9.

2451 3* cora d'Orb. Peru.

2452 1* aurantia Lam, Ind. or,

2453 1* conica Lam, —

Natica. 133

Cepatia Gray

2454 1 cepacea Lam. Grignon t.
Cernia Gray.

2455 1* fluctuata Sow. Ind. or.

N. imperforata Jay.

2456 1 -
Lunatia Gray.

2457 1 monilifera Lam. M. germ.

2458 2* triserialis Say. c. op. Am. bor.

2459 1* borealis Gray. c. op. Gronland.

N. gronlandica Bk.

2460 2 nana Moll. (1. c. op.)

2461 2* canaliculata Gould. —

N. suturalis Gray.
N. cornea Moll.
Imaiira Moll.

2462 t* Candida Moll. —

Trib. 2. Naticidae.

liatica Lam.

(Stigmaulax n.)

2463 '2 sulcata Born. AntilL

N. rugosa Gm.
N. costata Mke.

2464 2 rugosa Ch.

N. cancellata Gm.
(Cochlis Bolt.)

2465 6* vittata Gm. M. med.

N. parva Ch. 1917, 18.
N. Valenciennesii Payr.

2466 2 (major.)

2467 1 epiglottina Lam. Grignon f.

134 Nalica.

2468 1 maroccana Ch. *£j»iK} M. med.

2469 I unifasciata Lam. Peru.

2470 1 ala papilionis Ch. V«*R»> #> Ind. or.

N. zonaria Dh.
N. tdeniata Mke.

2471 1* canrena L. Lam. c. op. Antill.

N. pellis erminea Martyn. :

rtr; N* perdix. Ala papilionis Ch.

2472 1 (c. op.) —

2473 3 lineata Ch. Bolt. Lam. hid. or.

2474 2 zebra Ch. —

C. undulata Bolt.

2475 3 onca Bolt.

C. pavimentum Bolt. Ch. 1889, 90.

N. Candida Wood.

N. chinensis Lam. Ch. V. 1887, 8.

2476 1 hebraeaMartyn. an var. sequentis ? M. med.

N. maculata Salis 1793 Dh.
N. adspersa Mke.

2477 1 stercus muscarum Ch. (im. ••.<•>§•) njf

Lam. Enc.

N. millepunctata Lam.
N. guttata Link.
C. milleporia Bolt
N. punctata Meusch.

2478 2 Panel Adans. Guinea.

N. multoties punctata Ch.
1878-80.

2479 2 Forskalii Ch. M. rub.

2480 1* rufa Born. Ind. or.

2481 1 cinnamomea Mke? China.

,f lion; ' .OTCJ B«lJJ( -l^iq'J t T(j

Natica. 135

2482 3 globosa Ch. Ind. or.

N. helvacea Lam.
N. fuscata Link.

2483 2 vitellus L.

N. stellatus Martyn.

2484 2 arachnoideus Gm.

2485 4 undata Meusch. Guinea.

N. l\i 1m in ea Mke.
Le Gochet Ad.
C. ziczac Bolt.

2486 2 var. N. punctata Ch. XI. f.

1903. 4

2487 1* clausa Brod. & Sow. Gronland.

Fam Bullictae.

Pfiiline Ascan. Bullrea Lain.

2488 1 quadripartita Ascan. M. germ.

B. aperta Lain.

2489 1 (ossa ventriculi.)
Scaphander JItf.

2490 1* lignarius L M. med.

2491 1 (ossa ventric.)
Accra Uliill.

2492 1 bullata L Gallia.

2493 I1

2494 2 (ossa ventric.) —

Bulla I,

llainiiica Lcacli.

2495 21 hydatis L. M. med»

2496 7* Guildingii Sw. AntilL

J36 Bulla. Tornatella.

Bullea Blv. (Bulla Kl. Bullus Mtf. Cymbium
Latr.)

2497 4* ampulla L. Ind. or.

2498 2 solida Gm. Antili.

B. ampulla d'Orb.

2499 1 maculosa Mart. —

B. ibyx Meusch.
B. umbilicata Bolt.
B. striata Brug. non Phil.
B. media Phil.
Atys Mtf.

2500 2* naucum L. Ind. or.

2501 2 obovata Mke. ?
Soltdula Fisch. (Tornatella Lam.)

(Tornatina aut.)

2502 3 canaliculata (Bulla) d'Orb. Antili,

Torn, bullata Ki. ?
(Actaeon Mtf. Spio Risso.)

2503 1 tornatilis L. M. med.

T. fasciata Lam.

2504 1 sp. ?

(Soliduia Fisch. Pupa Bolt. Dactylus Sch.)

2505 I1 punctata Mart. Ind. or.

2506 23 solidula L.

2507 1* sulcata Lam* Grignon t.
Bullina Fer.

2508 2 undata Brug. Antili.

B. nitidula Sol.
B. elegans Mke. .§;*K| &
Apliistrum Sch.
(Hydatina Sch.)

2509 2 physis L. d'Orb. Antili.

Dolabella. Umbrella. 137

H. filosa Sch.

2510 1s virgata Martyn. Ind. or.

B. physis Q. & G.
B Quoyana d'Orb.

2511 4 albocincta v. d. Hoeven. China.

2512 2 circulata Martyn. Ind. or.

B. fasciata Brug. ^iiivH i$Nai*ii >
B. velum Gm.
(Aplustrum Sch.)

2513 2 amplustre L. —

Amplustra thalassiarchi Mart. Lex.
Dolabella I^am.

2514 1* scapula (Patella) Martyn. Fnd, or.

Doris verrucosa Gm.
D. Rumphii Cuv.

Aplysia I,.

2515 4* tigrina Rang. Mauritius.
2M6 I2 fasciata Poiret. M. med.

Fain PleurobrancliiddQ.
Operculatum JL. Umbrella Lam.

2517 1* heve L. Mus. Tess. Ig. 74 m. Jnd. or.

P. umbrella Martyn.
P. sinica Gm.
U. indica Lam. Reeve.
P. umbellata Gm. p. p.

2518 1* chinensis Ch. Ig. 74 m. —

P. umbellata Gm. p. p.

2519 1* Animal spiritu vini servata.

Fain. Pteropoda
Ilyalea Lam. 1799 Cavolina Gioeni 1783,

2520 2 telemus (Monoculus) L. M. med.

138 Haylea.

Anomia tridentata Forsk.

2521 2 var. M. med

2522 3 uncinata Rang. Oc. atJ.

2523 2 pisum Morch. Ind. or.

(Diacria Gray.)

2524 5 trispinosa Lesueur. Oc. atl.
Cuvieria Rang. Herse Gistel.

2525 3* columnella Rang. __

2526 2* urceolaris Morch. Ind. or.

Fa in.

Chiton Ii.
Lopliurus Poll.

2527 2 marmoratus Ch. 8. p. 170. St. Croix.

C. marmoreus Ch. p. 282.
t\ puctatus L. ?

2528 3 minor. I. Barbados.
5529 2 squamosus L. AntilL

C. scaber variegatus Ch. 8,

792. 93. VII. 16 A.
Scutigerulus angulatus Meusch.
C. marmoreus Reeve.

2530 3 undatus Spgl. 1797. —

C. squamosus Born. Ch. Lam.
C. tuberculatus L. ?

2531 1 viridis Spgl. Wood. -

C. squamosus denticulatus Ch.

X. 1659.
C. foveolatus Sow.

2532 1 Cumingii Fremb. Chile.

2533 1* var. _

•iliiKHmo

Chiton.

139

2534 1 latus Sow. 1825. Ig. 90 m. Chile.
C. magnificus Dh.
C. olivaceus Fremb.
Leptochiton Gray.

2535
2536

2537

2538

2539

2540

2541

2543

2544

2545

2 albus L. Gronland.
Callocliiton Gray.

3 ruber L. —
Toiiicia Gray.

3* elegans Fremb. Chile

1* lineolatus Wood. —

Enoplochiton Gray.

I niger Barnes. —

C. coquimbensis Fremb.
AcantJhopleura Guild.
1* salamander Spgl. Antill.

C. piceus var. Gm.

C. occidentalis Reeve?

II piceus Gm.
Corephium Gray.

1 tuberculiferus Sow. Chile.

C. spiniferus Fremb.

C. aculeatus Barnes.
Isclmochiton Gray. 1847.
1* acutiliratus Reeve. Antill.

Acanthochetes JLeacli.

Herm.
1 fascuularis L.

Acanthochiton

M. med.

Fain. Patellldae.

Patella I*.

2544 1 gorgonica Humphr. Cap.

P. iongicosta Lam.

140 I'atella.

2545 1 var. Cap.

2546 2 sacharina L.

2547 2 plicata Born.

2548 1 P. plicaria Gm»:-ifi» fioHff<><»*q<Kft

2549 3 P. barbara Lam.

2550 2 P. cypria Gm.<rftid fio*iitooli« >

2551 2 var. P. spinifera Lam. —

2552 2 granatina L. w»*f *» aioliMlT

P. apicina Lam.

2553 3* var. _

2554 2 - > fiotiiiTtoltHMiSI

2555 2 - __
3556 1 angulosa Gm.

P. tigrina Gm. ?

2557 3* minor. __

2558 3 chlorosticta Gm. — .

2559 1 petasus Meusch. (1787.) ig. 95m. —

P. badia Gm.
P. monopis Gm.

2560 4 Ig. 70 m.

2561 4 var Ig. 70 m. —

2563 4 Ig. 45 m. -

2564 1 scutellaris Lam. Del. »Vfff*>ouik>eI

an var. precedents ?

2565 1 sp. "itoifooitn^vjj.

2566 1 langula Meusch. 1778. M. med.

P. crenata Gm.

P. margaritacea Gm.

P. scutelleris (Lam.) var. Phil.

P. Bonardi Payr.

2567 3 (minor.)

•I .M

Patella.

141

2568 1 spinulosa Meusch.

P. repanda (Gm.) Dw.
P. aspera Lam.
P. Loweii d'Orb.

Ulyssipon.

2569 2

—

2570 1

pentagona Born.

Cap.

P. stellaeformis Reeve.

2571 1

oculata Meusch. List. 537. f. 16. ,,Ulyssip."

P. crenata Gm. p. p.

P. plumbea Lam. ? Libot Ad.

?

2572 22

— detrita.

Senegal.

2573 1*

lugubris (Mitrula) Mart. 60. Gm.

P. caerulea Born?

2574 2

costoso-plicata Mart.

M. med.

P. ferruginea Gm.

P. pyramidata Lam.

P. Lamarckii Payr.

2575 3

(minor).

—

2576 3

vulgata L.

L Feroe.

2577 2

var?

?

2578 4

sp.

China.

2579 41

lusitanica Gm.

M. med.

P. punctata Lam.

2580 1*

var.

—

2581 5

ulyssiponensis Gm.

—

2582 2

major.

—

2583 1*

tramoserica Ch. non Martyn.

China.

2585 2

—

—

2586 1

var.

China.

2587 1*

sp.

2

2588 5

rota Ch. X. f. 1619

Nicoba*.

2589 3

var.

—

142

Patella.

zoyu 3* capensis Gm.

Cap.

P. Reynaudii Dh.

2591 1* testudinaria L.

Ind. or.

P. testudinata Martyn.

2592 3 (minor.)

__

2593 2 argentea Q. & G. (Petit)

N. Zeland.

2594 1 var.

2595 1 var?

9

2596 2 (typica.)

N. Zeland.

2597 2 sp.

?

2598 1* sp. 55 m>

N. Zeland,

2599 1 sp. 45 m

_

2600 1* aenea Gm. (non Martyn.)

1. Malouines.

P. pectinata L. Schr.

2601 1 var.

2602 1 aenea Martyn.

_

P. cuprea Gm.

__

P. deaurata Gm.

__

2603 1 var. compressa.

2604 1 magellanica Gm.

2605 5 clypeater Les.

Chile.

P, argentata Sow.

P. nausaltica Petit.

2606 1 albida Mart.

Africa.

P. melanogramma Gm,

P. saphiana Lam.

__

P. algira Dh. Cuv. R. A.

)OTBlJ

2607 1*

2608 5* granularis L,

Cap.

2609 2 var.

2610 4 minor.

2611 1 sp.

Acmaea. 143

2612 2 cochlear Born. Cap.

2613 1* 30 m.

2514 1 rustica L. Ig. 90 m.
P. indica Gm. ?

2615 1* miniata Born. 60 m.

P. umbella Gm.

2616 16

2618 4* compressa L.

an var. praBcedentis ?

2618 3 pellucida L. Europa.

2619 1 crassa.

2620 1 expansa.

2621 1 cornea Helb. Ig. 30 m. Ig. 25 m. Cap.

P. guttata Gm.

P. pruinosa Krauss.

2622 3 (minor.)

2623 1* var. P. stellifera Gm.?

2624 3 tranquebarica Gm. List. 530 f. 8. Ind. or.

2625 1 var.

(Pilidium Forb.J

2626 2 rubella Fab. Gronland.

(Lepeta Gray.)

2627 2 Candida Couth.

Tectura Aud & H. Edw. (Lottia Gray.
Acmaea Esch. Patelloidea Q & G.)

2628 4 stellaris Q & G. Nicobar.

P. sacharina L. ?

2629 1*

2630 4 viridula Lam. Chile.

P. zebrina Less.

2631 4 L. costata Sow. —

144 Acma>a,

2632 4 variabilis Sow. (major.) Chile

2633 2

2634 9 (minor.)

2635 5 subrugosa d'Orb. ?

2636 5 var.

2637 4 parasitica d'Orb.

2638 4 L. variabilis Sow. p. p. Beechy.

t 5 f. o.

2639 4 var.

2640 4 var.

2641 6 var. ?

2642 7 pustula Helb. Anti]1

P. punctulata Gm.
P. pnncturata Lam.

2643 22 fungus Meusch. List. 439 f. 23. —

P. fungoides Bolt.
P. octoradiata d Gm. Schr.
N. Lit. 3. t. 1 f. 4?

2644 14 melanosticta Gm.

L. antillarum Sow. Gen. et Man. 32 1 .
P. pallescens PhiL?

2645 4* striata O & G. lg. 30 m. [m] or

2646 2 (minor.) _

2647 6 ancylus Esch.

L. punctata Gray.

2648 2 testudinalis Mull. Oo bor

P. Clelandi Mawe.
P. Borniana Helb.

2649 4 (minor.) __

2650 5 melanoleuca Gm. Antill.

2651 5 leucopleura Gm.

Hipponix. Capulus. 145

C. extinctorium? Sow. Gen.
C. rugosa Less.

Scurria

2652 4* scurra Les. Chile.

A. mitra Esch.
L. pallida Sow.
Fa in. Calyptradae.

Ilippoiiiv Dfr. (Cochlearia Kl. Cochlolepas
Kl.)

2653 4 cornu copiae Lam. Grignon t-

2654 1* subrufa Mart. Antill.

2655 7 trigona Gm.

2656 3 barbata Sow. Ind. or.

2657 2 antiquata L. Antill.

P. mitrula Gm.
P. cernua Gm.

2658 4 var.

2659 3* incurva Gm.

P. militaris L. Dw.
P. intorta Lam.

Capulus Ultf. (Pileopsis Lam. Ancilia Meusch.
Spbondylus Sloane.)

2660 2 ungarica L. M. med.

2661 1 (minor.)
Calyptraea Lain

2662 3 equestris L. Ind. or.

2663 2 var.
Criicilmliim Hell.

(Dispotea Say. Calypeopsis Les. 111.)

2664 1* spinosa Sow. Peru.

2665 I1 (minor.)

2666 1* scutellata Gray.

10

146

calyptraea Crepidula.

2667

2668
2669

2670
2670

2671

2672

2€73
2674

2675
2676
2577

2678

2679
2680

C. dendata Mke.
1* auriculata Ch.

P. auricula Gm.
3 var.
3 peziza Gray.

C. tenuis Brod.
2 rugosa Dh.

C. lignaria Brod.
2
(Crucibulum Sch.)

Antill.

Chile.

fICI

radiata Brod. Caraccas,

undulata Mart. Ind. or.

P. labiata Born. p. 36. fig. p. 41 4.

L. laevis. Mitella chinensis
undulata Mart. 1234

P. trochiformis Ch.

Ancilia caperata Meusch

A, stricta Meusch.

P. plicata Gm.

C. rugoso-costatum Sch.

var. punctata. —

— depressa.
Crepidula Lam.

(lanacus Aut.)

1* plana Say. Am bor.

1* sp. Peru.

I1 ,,pedum" Madagascar,

2 Lessonii Brod. Peru.

(Crypta Humphr.)

I costata Dh.? N. Zeland.

1 fornicata L. Lam, N. Jersey.

A. punctata Meusch. List 545. f. 34.

Crepidula. 147

2 sp.

5 hepatica Dh. Cap.

1 marginalis Brod. California.

2 incurva Brod. Chile.

3 peruviana Lam. Peru.

1 sp. Brasilia.

1 aculeata Ch. Gm. Antill .

1 (minor.) —

Trochita Sell. (Infundibulum d'Orb.)
(Trochatella Les. Luna Kl.)

2689 1* radians Lam. Peru.

P. trochoides Dlw.

C. poculum Gray.

C. trochiformis d'Orb. non Gm.

2690 2 (minor.)

(Haliotoidea Sw.)

269 1 1* dilatata Sow. N. Zeland.

C. maculata Q. & G.
(Galerus Humph. Trochita Sen.)

2692 1 chinensis L. M. med.

A. volutata Meush. Ntf. 18 t.

2 f 16, 17.
T. spiralis Sch.

2693 2. var. P. costata Gm.

A. equestris Meusch.
C. muricata Brocchi. Phil.
C. laevigata Lam. Del.
C. vulgaris Phil.

2694 1* aperta Brander. Grignon f.

P. opercularis Brand.

P. echinata Gm.

C. trochiformis Lam.

148

Siphonaria.

Fa in. Siphonariadae.*)
Siphonaria Sow.

1 characteristica Reeve.
1* gigas Sow. Ig. 40 m.
1* atra Q. & G.

exigua Mart. (f. 88, 9) Sow.
sp.

variabilis Kraus.
S. concinna Sow.
P. deflexa Helb?
2701 3 melanozonias Gm.
S. aspera Kraus.
Lessoni Blv.
striatula Gm.

2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700

2702
2703

2704

2705
2706

2707

Peru.
Ind. or.

Peru.
Cap.

Chile.
Africa.

S. algesirae Q. & G.

2 sp. Liberia.

Gadiuia Gray. (Mouretia Sow.)

2 peruviana Sow. Chile.

1* (>»•)

Amphibola Sell. (Ampullacera O. & G.)
2 nux avellana Ch. N* Zelandia.

H. crenata Martyn.
H. avellana Gm.
A. australis Sch.
Ampullaria avellana Lam.
Fa in Fissurellidae.
Emargtnula Lam.

(Clypidina Gray.)

2708 3* notata L. An till.

P. manipula Humphr.

*) Haec familia post numeruni 727 nescio an sit melius inserenda.

Emarginula. Fissurella. 149

(Subemarginula Blv.)

2709 6 octoradiata Gm. (excl. syn.) Antill.

E. tricarinata Sow
P. laquearo Gray.
E. Listen Anton.

2710 2 var. P. octocostata Wag.

2711 2 tricarinata Born. (L.) Jnd. or.

E. emarginata Blv.
Fissurella I, a 111

2712 5 nodosa Born. Antill.

P. spinosa Gm.

2713 1 sp.

2714 2 atricapilla Dw.

F. viridula Lam.

2715 2 graaca L.

2716 6* var.

2717 4 sp.

2718 3 sp.

2719 8* barbadensis Gm.

2720 6 var. P. porphyrozonias Gm. —

2721 4 var. P. angusta Gm.

F. radiata Lam.

2722 2* peruviana Lam. Peru.

F, subrotunda Dh.

17 ffi ' f-

K afnnis Gray.

2723 2 (minor.)

(Fissurella Less.)

2724 1* personata Martyn, Maghellan.

P. picta Gm.
E, radiata Lam.

2725 1 var.

2726 1 var. —

150 Dentalium.

2727 1 maxima Sow. Maghellau.

2728 1 Chile.

2729 1 costata Les. —

F. chilensis Sow.

2730 2

(Serra Less.)

2731 3 biradiata Sow. —

2732 1 sp. —

2733 2 radiosa Les. —

2734 1 oriens Sow.

2735 2* crassa Lam.

2736 1

2737 3 (minor.) —

(Clypidella Sw.)

2738 3 fascicularis Lam. Antill.

2739 4 pustula L. —

(Pupillia Gray.)

2740 5 scutellum Gm. Cap.
Oeiitalium L.

2741 1 aprinum L. hid. or,?

2742 1 striatulum Gm. —

(Entalis Gray.)
1743 9 dentalis L. M. med.

Fain. Trochoidea.

Haliotis. L.

2744 2 Cracherodii Leach, California.

2745 1* minor. Ig. 99 m. —

2746 2 iris Martyn. N. Zeland.

2747 1 fulgens Phil. California.

H. californiana Valenc.

H. splendens (Mawe.) Reeve.

Haliotis.

151

2748 1 corrugata Gray. California.

H. nodosa Phi!.
2* tuberculata L. M. med.

minor. —

sp. ?

lainellosa Lam. M. med.

varia L. Ind. or.

minor.

I* pustulata Reeve V Mozambique,

virginea Ch. Guinea.

H. marmorata L.?

diversicolor Reeve. China,

glabra Ch. Guinea ?

asinina L. Ind. or.

(minor.)
sanguinea Hani. Cap.

H. ficiformis Mke.
midae L. Ig. 60 m.
Ig. 30 m.
(Padollus Mtf.)

Roei Gray. N. Holl

H scabricosta Mke.
parva L. Cap.

H. canaliculate Lam.

2766 1* naevosa Martyn. N HolL

H. ruber Leach.

2767 1* Dringii Reeve. Ig. 32 m.

2768 1 pulcherrima Martyn. —

2769 I2 excavata Lam.

Stomax mtf. (Stomatia Helb.)

2770 1 imperforata Helb. Ind. or.

S. phymotis Lam.

2749

2*

2750

8

2751

1

2752

1

2753

1

2754

2

2755

I1

2756

3

2757

1

2758

1

2759

3

2760

6

2761

3

2762

3

2763

1

2764

(
1

2765

4

152 Stomafia. Trochus.

Oeiia Gray.

2771 1 lutea L. Ind. or.

Stomatella auricula Lam.
Stomatella Lam.

2772 1* papyracea Ch. V. f. 1817, 8.

Turbo papyraceus Gm. Dh.

2773 2* coccinea A. Adams. St. Thomas.

Troclius JL.

Margarita Leach.

2774 3 helicinus Fabr. Gronland.

Tr. neritoideus Gm.

2775 1 grOnlandicus Ch.

M. undulata var. laevior. Moll.
Pliorcus Risso.

2776 2 variegatus (Turbo) Risso 1813. M, med.

P. margaritaceus Risso.
T. Richardi Payr.
Steromplialus Leach.

2777 42 capensis Gm. Cap.

2778 3 umbilicalis Da Costa. Brittania.

T, obliquatus Gm.

2779 2 cinerarius L.
Gibbula Leacli.

2780 6* umbilicaris L. M. med.

T. fuscatus Gm.

2781 10 ardens Salis. —

T. tessellatus Ch. V. f. 1683.

Gm.?

T. cruciatus L.?
M. canaliculata Phil.

2782 2* magus L. —

Trochus. 153

4 fanulum Gm. M. med.

2 declivis Forsk. M. rub.

M. aegyptiaca Lam.

T. aegyptius Gm.

Monllea 8w. (Tallopia Gray.)
1* calliferus Lam. ?

1 var.? _

Ompfiallus Plill. (Chlorostoma Sws.)

2787 4 brasilianus Mke. 2 c. op. Brasilia.

T. viridulus Gm.? Ch. 1677.

2788 51 quadricostatus Gray. 1 c. op. Chile.

M. catenifera P. $ M.

2789 4 indusii Ch. V. 1682. Antill.

T. carneus Gm.
T. canaliculatus d'Orb,
T. scalaris Anton.
T. crenulatus Bolt.

2790 3 Hotesserianus d'Orb.

T. occultus Phil.

T nassaviensis Ch. 1676?

2791 6 fasciatus Born. —

C. lun. laevis Ch. 1667, 68.
Turbo dentatus Gm.
T. carneolus Lam.

2792 5 excavatus Lam. 2 c. op.

T. umbilicaris Ch.

2793 1 bicarinatus P- & M. non Gray. Chile.

T. carinatus Kock.

2794 21 luctuosus d'Orb.

T. euomphalus Jon.

2795 2 sp.

T. luctuosus Ki. t. 31. f. 4.

154 Trochus.

2796 2 microstoma d'Orb. Antill.

T. bidentata Mke.

2797 1 ater Less,

2798 3 min. 2. c. op.

(Chlorostoma Sw.)

2799 1 rusticus Gm. Ind. or.

T. agrestis Ch.

2800 1 nigerrimus Gm. —

T. niger Ch.

2801 3 argyrostomus Gm. China.

T. niger cidariformis Ch.
T. corvus Link.
T. lithanthrax Bolt.

Tigris HI. (Livona Gray. Meleagris Mtt.)

2802 2 pica L. c. op. Antill.

2803 3 (jun.)

Diloma Phil

2804 2* araucanus d'Orb Chile.

T. nigerrimus (Ch,) Phil.

Oxystele IMiil

2805 3 expansus (Margarita) Sow. Cap.
s806 21 merula Ch.

T. sinensis Gm.

2807 I1 tigrinus Ch.

Trochocochlea Kl. (Ossilinus Phil. Tro-
chius Leach. Gibbium Gray).

2808 1 impervius Mke. Cap.

2809 1 Listen Gray. Madeira.

Li. 648. f. 43. (T. inflatus ? Meusch.)
T. crassus d'Orb. Canar.

Trochus. 155

(Melagraphia Stentz.)

2810 2 constrictus Lam. N. Zeland.

T. trochlea Gray.

2811 2* melaleucus Link. Senegal.

M. punctulata Lam.
Le Osilin Ad.

2812 1 lugubris Lam. Del. ?

2813 2 turbiniformis Salis. M. med.

M. articulatus Lam.

M. tessellata Dh.

T. granulatus Meusch.

2814 2 turbinatus Born. —

T. tessulatus Born.
M. fragaroides Lam.

2815 4 (minor.)

2816 1* pellis serpentis Wood. Panama.
Zizypliimi* Leach. (Calliostoma Sw.)

2817 1* granatum Ch. Gm. N. Zeland.

2818 1

2819 1 asper Ch.

T. diaphanus Gm.

T. punctulatus Martyn.

T. perlatus Bolt.

2820 1 papillosus Da Costa. M. med.

T. granulatus Born.

2821 3 annulatus Martyn. N. Zeland,

T. virgin eus Ch.

2822 1 canaliculatus Martyn. —

T. doliarium Ch.

2823 1 ornatus Lam. Cap.
12824 2 bicingulatus Lam.

T. vinctus Phil.

156 Trochus.

2825 3 tranquebaricus Ch. Ind. or.

2826 5 conuloides Lam. M. med.

2827 1 zizyphinus L.

2828 1 conulus L.

2829 5 hyacirithinus Ren.

T. violaceus Ris.
T. Laugieri Payr.

2830 1 sp Rio.

2831 6 striatus L. M. med.

T. erythroleucus Lam.
ICanKi via 15k

2832 14 fulminata Mke Cap.
Cant ha rid us Htf. (ELenchus Sw.)

2833 3 sp. ,,Bengalia."

2834 2* bellulus Dkr. N. Holland.

2835 2* iriodon Q. & G. —

M. virgata Mke.

2836 1* leucostigma Mke. —

2837 1* badius Gray.

T. australis Q. & G.

2838 1* iridis Ch. N. Zeland,

T. iris Gm.

L. opalus Martyn.

2839 2 — polita. —
Tlialotia Gray.

2840 4 rostratus Gm. N. Holl.

2841 1 picta Gray.? —
Euchele Pliil. (Aradasia Gray.)

2842 3* denigrata Ch. V. 1754, 5. Ind. or.

Turbo atratus Gm.
M. eaiialiculata Lam.

Trochus-

157

2843 1 sp, Bengalis.

2844 2 asper Ch. Guinea?

T. asper (agrestis) Ch. V.

1852 Gm.
T. perlatus Gm.
T. cingulalus Link.
T. quadricarinatus Ch. XI.
M. tricarinata Lam.
Cidaris granulata Bolt.

2845 2 sp. Ind. or.

Jlouocloiita Lain.

2846

6 labeo L.

—

2847

2 var.?

-

2848

4 sp.

China.

2849

1 canalifera Lam.

Ind. or.

Clauouliis JItf.

2850

1 rotelliformis Phil.?

?

2851

3* pharaonius L.

Ind. or.

2852

1 sp.

?

2853

2* villana Phil.

Guinea.

Globulus agrestis Ch.

V. 1678.

2854

1* civicus Ch. V. 1679.

—

T. urbanus Gm.

T. tornatus Bolt.

T. reticulatus Gray.?

2855

l*sp.

Bengalia.

2856

2 clanculus Gray ?

?

2857

1 sp.

?

2858

4 jujubinus Gm.

Antill.

T. lunatus Bolt.

158 Trochus.

Polydonta Sell. (Lamprostoma Sw.)

2859 1 inaculatus L, Ind, or.

T. sanguinolentus Ch.

2860 1 niveus Ch.

T. grandinatus Link.

2861 2* sp.

2862 6 alveare Gm.

2863 3 granularis Bolt.

T. radiatus p Gm.

2864 I turboides Bolt. Ch. V. f. 1658. M. rub.

T. erythraeensis Brocchi.

2865 1 lima Yoldi. Ind. or.

2866 1 sp. —

2867 3 sp. Cbina.

2868 1 sp. ?
Pyramidea Sw.

2869 1 pyramidalis Ch. Ind. or.

T. marmoratus Lam.
T. flammeus Bolt.

2870 1 niloticus L. —
Tectus mtf. (Pyramis Sch.)

2871 1 dentatus Forsk. M. rub.

T. foveolatus Gm.
T. pyramidalis Lam.

2872 1 Forskalii Bolt.

T. noduliferus Lam.
T. dentatus duplex Ch.

2873 2 pyramis Born. !nd. or.

T. acutus Lam. ?

2874 1 obeliscus Lam.

T. pyramis Ch. V. f. 1520.

2875 2* fenestratus Gm.

Delphinula. 159

2876 1 muricatus Ch. Antill.

T. mauritianus Gm.
T. gothicus Bolt.

2877 1 minor.

Rotella I. a in (Umbonium Link 1867. Pito-
nillus Mtf. Globulus Sch.)

2878 3 monilifera Lam. Ind. er.

1 javanica Lam.

2 suturalis Lam.
1 sp.

4 sp. <-. N. Zeland,
1* gigantea Less.

2884 6 elegans Bk. Philippin.

2885 20* vestiaria L. Ind. or.

R. lineolata Lam.

2886 3 rosea Lam.

Delphimila Roissy. Cyclostoma Lam. 1802.
Angarius Bolt.)

3 laciniata L. Ind. or.
1 Angarius roseus Bolt.

1* atrata Ch.

D. frondosa Link.

D. decrepitus Ch.
1

5 (jun )

1 distortus L. Ig. 40 m.
1 Ig. 28 m. t

2894 1 Ig. 30 m.
Liotia Gray. (Delphinula Aut.)

2895 1* Peronii Ki. N. Holl.

2896 1* varicosa Reeve. Philippin.

160 Turbo.

4897 2* cruentata Muhlf. Antill.

D. radiata Ki.
N. G.

2898 I1 Helicella? latilabris Bk. !nd. or.?
Trib. 2. Turbf iiidce

Turbo I,

Astraliimi Link. (Imperator Mtf. Sol. Kl.)

2899 1* phoebia Bolt Ch. V. f. 1716, 17 Antill.

A. deplanatum Link.

T. longispina Lam. Ki. f. 1.

2900 1 v*r.

2901 1 calcar L, —

T. inermis Gm. ?

T. spiimlosa Lam. KL?

2902 1 var.

2903 2* (jun.)

2904 6 (pulli.)

(Calcar Ch. Stella Kl.)

2905 I1 Speuglerianus Ch. fnd. or.

T. aculeatus Gm.
(Uvanilla -Gray.)

2906 1 petrosus Martyn.

2907 1 juv.

2908 2 sp. Rouxleg.

2909 1 sp. ?

2910 1 ramosus Meusch. c. op. Antill.

T. imbricatus Gm.

%

2911 1 (minor.)

(Pachypoma Gray.)

2912 1* eaelatus Ch. dm. 75 m.

2913 2 var.

(Lithopoma Gray.)

2914 2 tuber L. —

Turbo. 161

(Pomaulax GrayO

2914 2 Buschii Phil California.*

T. inermis Ki. non Gm. —

2915 1 undosus Gray.

(Bolma Risso.)

2916 1 rugosus L. (c. op) M. med.

2917 2 (minor.) —

2918 3 (pulli.)

lamella Bolt. (Marmorostoma Sw.)
(Sarmaticus Gray.)
2917 1 sarmaticus L. (c. op) Cap.

2919 1 smaragdinus Ch. N. Zeland.

T. smaragdus Martyn.
T. helicinus Dh.

2920 8 helicinus Born. Cap.

T. cidaris Gm.
(Marmorostoma Sw.)

5921 2 complanatus Ch. Ind. or.

T. versicolor Gm.

2922 3 mespilus Ch. —

T. porphyrites Ki. (non Martyn.)

2923 I1 granulatus Ch.

T. granulosus Ki.

2924 1 reclusus Ch.

T. spinosus Meusch.
T. coronatus Gm.

2925 1 creniferus Ki M. ruh.

T. nebulosus Forsk?
Prisogaster Jloreli.

2926 3 niger Gray. Chile.

T. ater Lesson.

11

162 Turbo.

Clirysostoma

2927 3* paradoxus Born. Nicobar.

T. nicobaricus Ch.

Scnectus Humph. Lunatica Bolt. Fornax,
Saccus, Olearia Kl.)

2928 2 cornutus Ch. China.

2929 1 sp. ?

2930 1 argyrostoma L. Ind. or.

2931 1 Spenglerianus Ch. (juv.)

T. canaliculatus Herm,

2932 2 castaneus Ch. Antill.

T. hippocastanum Lam.

2933 3 crenulatus Ch.

2934 3* chrysostomus L. Ind. or.

2935 2 var.

2936 3 spinosus Gm»

T. tuberculatus (O. & G.) Ki

2937 4 ticaonicus Reeve.

T. radiatus Ki.?

2938 3

2939 1 sp.

T. radiatus Ku f. I1. —

2940 3 margaritaceus L,

2941 1 sparverius Ch.

T. margaritaceus Ki. non L.

2942 I1 imperialis Ch.? —

2943 1 marmoratus L. (jun.)

2944 2 petholatus L.

2945 1 personatus L. —

T. taenia Meusch. (Gualt. 64 F.)

T. aurantia Perry?

L. obscura Bolt. Ch. V. 1830., 31.

Phasianella. 163

C. nassovica denigrata. Ch.

2946 1 (minor, c. op.) Ino. or.
Phasianella JLam. Eutropia Humphr.

2947 1 Tritonis Ch. lg. 93 m. N. Zeland.

B. australe Gm.
Ph. bulimoides Lam.

2948 1* lg. 75 m

2949 2

2950 2 Lehmanni Mke. N. Holl.

PAstrolabe t. 59 f. 5.

2951 2 var.

2952 4 variegata Lam. Ind. or.

2953 4 var.

2954 1* rubens Lam.

(Ticolia Ris.)

2955 8 speciosa Miihlf. I. Ferro.

Ph. Vieuxii Payr.

2956 2 sp. M. med.

2957 5 pullus L.

Fam. \eriticlce.

\avieella I^awi. (Catillus Humphr. Cimber,
Mtf.)

2958 2 porcellana L. Ind- or-

2959 1* depressa Less.

N. elliptica Sow.

2960 1 borbonica Bory St. Vincent.

2961 1 suborbicularis Sow. I. Philippin.

2962 3 aponogetonis Vahl. (1795 Nathist.

Selsk. Skrift.) Bengal.

N. tessellata (Lam.) Bens.

11"

164

Nerilina.

2963
2964

4* (minor.)
1* lineata Lam.

Bengal.
Philippin,

Neritina La in. Ueritella Humph.

lliiia Reel. (1842.)

2962 1* latissima Brod. (c. op.) Realejo.

2963 1* globosa Sow. Ig, 19 m. Oc. pacif.

2964 2* Nutallii Reel. Sandwich.

N. convexa Nutall. (1 c. op.)
Neripteron Less.

2965 1* auriculata Lam. N. Holl.

2966 2* sp. (1 c. op.) Sandwich.

2967 2 Lamarckii Dh. «Nicobar."

N. auriculata Sow.

2968 4* sp. e circumnav. Galatheas (2 c. op,)

2969 1 «navicularis." Sumatra.
JDostia f*ray.

2970 21 valvata (Lepas) Mart. f. 133, 4 Ind. or.

N. phrygia Meusch.
N. violacea Gm.

2971 4* depressa Bens. (1 c. op.)

N. crepidularia W. S.
Tlieodoviis Jfltf. (Elea Z.)

2972 4 strangulata Miihlf. Eur. mer.

2973 2* Prevostiana Fer. (c. op.)

2974 2* danubialis L. (c. op.)

2975 4 fluviatilis L. Dania.
< litlicm Htf.

2976 1* coronata Leach. Ind. or.

N. corona Lam. non L.
N. longisptna Reel.

2977 3* corona L. (2. c. op.) Sumatra.

Neritina.

165

2978 2* spinosa Budgin.

N. undata Less.

2979 3* (1 c. op.)

2980 5 (minor.)
Neritella Humph.

2981 1* rubella Mull.

N. Bruguieri Reel.?

2982 1 pulligera L.

2983 2* sp. (c. op.)

2984 2* (minor. 1 c. op.)

2985 1* sp.

2986 3 canalis Sow.

N. Owenii Wood S. p. 45.

2987 31 var. latior.

2988 2 sp.

2989 3* punctulata Lam. (c. op.)

2990 2* (1 c. op.)

2991 1* sp.

2992 1 - (c. op.)
2093 1 sp.

Yeritiiiu Sw.
2994 3 cornea L.

N. amphibia Les.
N. dubia Sow.
5 philippinarum Sow.
3 dubia Ch.
1 var. N. fasciata Lam.

I. Sandwich.

2995
2996
2997
2998

var.

Ind. or.
Nicobar.
I. Societ.

Nicobar?
Martinique.
L. Thomas.
Brasilia.
Philippin.

Ind. or.
Nicobar?

2999 2* lugubris Lam. Sow.

3000 2 (minor.)

3001 1 lugubris Lam. Del. t. 32 f. 4. Ind. or.

156 Neritina,

3002 3 ramosa Meusch. (Argv. 1. P.) Philippin.

N. ziczac Lam. Del. t. 32 f . 1 a, b. ?

3003 5 elegantissima v. d. Busch. —

N. strigillata Lam. Del. t. 32 f. 3
Sow. f. 32. N. purpurea Sow.
N. elegante Chenu. Cours elem.

3004 5* turrita Ch. Sumatra.

N. strigilata Lam.

3005 2* var. (1 c, op.)

3006 4* var. N. semiconica Lam. (2. c. op.) —

3007 1 sp.

3008 21 triangularis Meusch. (Li. 604

f. 29.) Ind. or.

N. coromandeliana Sow.

1009 I* gagates Lam. Deles, (c. op.) ?

Geve t. 24. f. 251.
N. sumatrensis Sow.

3010 1 sp. ?

3011 2* sp. (1 c. op.) I. Maurit

3012 1* zebra Lam. Cc. op.) Am. mer.

3013 2 var. N. lineolta Lam.

2014 I2 ziczac Lam. Del. t. 32 f. 1 d. ?

3015 1* sp. Mejico.

3016 2 Schmidtii Gray. W. S. Bengal.

3016 1* Schmidtii Sow. non Gray.

N. tigrina Bens.
Vitta HI. (Scapha Kl.)

3017 6 turriculata Mke. Antill.

N. virginea Sow. f 27 dext.

3018 5 virginea L.

Bon. f. 204. Schr. Einl. t. 4.
f. 14 Sow. 111. f. 27 sin.

JSm'ta.

167

N. marmorata Link. (Cb. IX.
f. 1086.)

3019 20 trabalis Meusch. (Petiv. Gaz.

68 f. 4.)

N. virginea Lam. non L.
Sow. f 27 sin.
N. brasiliana Reel.

3020 6 cblorina Link.

3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026

N. meleagris Lam.
4* Matoni Reel. (c. op.)
1* picta Sow. (c. op.)
pulcbella Gray. W. S.

var. lineolata.

var. sagittifera.

4*
4*
2*

Antill.

Antill.

Brasilia.
Panama.
Antill.

5 pupa L.

Sieilia.

Ind. or.

3027 10 viridis L.

3028 3* var.? (c. op.)
Merita L

Theliostyla n.

3029 8* albicilla L.

3030 2* var.

3031 1 marginata Gm. M. rub.

Scbr. Einl. 2. 371. t. 4. f. 16.

N. peloronta Forsk.

N. oryzarum var. Reel.?

3032 1 var. coccinea.

3033 6* petechialis Meusch. Ind. or.

N. signata Macleay.

3034 2 chameleon L.

3035 2 var. —

3036 4 chlorostoma Lam.? —

168 Nerita.

3037 1* bizonalis Lam. Enc. t. 454. f. 3, Tnd. or.

N. atropurpurea Reel.
N. planispirata Anton.

3038 3* plexa Ch. _

N. textilis Gm.

3039 2 exuvia L.

3040 2* (minor.)

3041 2 diversicolor Martyn. Guinea.

N. malaccensis Gm.
N. ascensionis Gm.

3042 9 varia Meusch. Antill.

N. tessellata Gm.

3043
3044

2*

10*

sp. (c. op.)
Yoldii Reel.

3045

1*

senegalensis Gm.

Le Dumar Ad.

N. punctuiata Q. & G.

3046

1*

nigerrima Ch

3047

1*

morio Sow.

3048

2*

picea Reel.? (c. op.)

Odontostoma HI.

3049

3*

polita L.

3050

5

var. fasciata.

3051

5

var.

3052

2

australis Gray.

3053

2

flavescens Ch. X. f. 1594, 95.

^Brasilia."
Senegal.

Antill.
Oc. pacif.

Ind. or.

Cap?

(c. op.) M. rub.

N. bidens £. Gm.
N. d'Orbignyana Reel.

3054 6* flava Meusch. (List 603 f. 22.) Ind. or

3055 7* hieroglyphica Ch. V. 2016. 18.

N. litterata Gm.

3056 4* nigra Ch. V. 2015.

N. fasciata Meusch.
N. bifasciata Gm.

3057 1* sp. —

3058 1* sp. —

3059 2* sp. (c. op.)

3060 4* Chemnitzii Reel.

3061 1* histrio L. Dh.

Pila HI.

3062 7* undata L. Ch. V. 1950, 51.

3063 1* var.? —

Argonauta. 169

3064 4* striata Martyn ap. Burrow. Ind. or.

N. undata Lam. Enc. 454. f. 6.

N. semirugosa Reel.?
3063 2 ornata Sow. Panama.

3066 1 (minor, c, op.)

3067 1* grossa L. Ind. or.

3068 1 var. ? elongata

3069 4 plicata L.

3070 4 (minor.)

3071 4 variegata Ch. V. p. 233. f. 1962, 3. Antill.

N. versieolor Gm.

3072 2 peloronta L.

Cephalopoda Cuv.

A. Tetrabraiicliia Owen.
Mautilus L*

3071 3 pompilius L. Ind. or.

3072 I1 jun. Ig. 45 m.

3073 I1 ambiguus Sowb. (persecta.)

3074 1 jun.? Ig 80 m.

3075 1 umbilicatus Ch.
Oeratifes de Biaaii.

3076 1 nodosus Drug. Calc. conch, t-

B. Dibraiichia Owen

I. Deeapoda I^eaeli.

a. (Oigopsidae d'Orb.)
Ommatostreplies d'Orb.

3077 1 sp. (rostrum.) ?

b. (Myopsidae d'Orb.)
Spirula Lam. Lituus Browne.

3078 8 fragilis Lam. Antill.

N. spirula L.

II. Octopoda Leach,

Argonauta L.

3079 1 argo L. Ig. 180 m. M. med

3080 1 Ig. 170 m.

3081 1 Ig. 138 m,

3082 I1 oryzata iMeusch. Ig. 118 m. Ind. or.

A. tuberculosa Lam.

3083 1 Ig. 85 in.

3084 I1 hians Sol.

3085 I3 gondola Dlw.

170

Addenda.

post, no, 185 adde.

Cameeiia (Alb.) n.

3086 4 cicatricosa Mull. China*

H. senegalensis Lam.

post. no. 718

3087 2 3 Clausilia macarana Ziegler.Dalmatia.

3088 3 dalmatina Partsch.

3089 1 pachygastris Partsch.

3090 2 caerulea Fer. Graecia.

3091 2 catharoensis Rm. Dalmatia.

C. laevigata Muhlf.

3092 2 itala Martens. Italia.

3093 1 bilabiata Wag.

post. no. 1536 adde.

3094 3 Cyllene grana (Buc.) Lam. M. med.
145. H. charybdis n.

n. sp.: H. polygyrata Born. = H. obvoluta Miill.: H

angigyra Z.
DifFert ab. H. polygyrata t. superne plana nee con

cava, anfr. (TVs) latioribus; umbilico profundion

et angustiore.

Diam. maj. 38 m., min. 27 m.
Hab. Brasilia.

S k a b e.

1 — 2 2 Mahogni Conchylieskabe omtrent 39 Tom

brede med 22 Skuffer.

3_4 2 beitsede do. 42Va Tom. brede med 26 Skuffei

5—6 2 do. do. 38 Tom. brede med 26 Skuffei

Alle Skabene ere 2 Al. 3V« Tom. hoie, forsyned

med Dore og foroven med en Reol 1 Al. hoi

7 En kostbar og sjelden Jagtkniv.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONCHOLOGY.

Descriptions of Thirty Supposed New Species and Varie-
ties of LAND AND FLTJVIATILE SHELLS of JAMAICA, with
Observations on some Shells already described.
By EDWARD CHITTY, ESQUIRE, Corresponding Member
of the New- York Lyceum of Natural History, dec.,
<&?., <&c. Kingston, Jamaica, October 1853.

CYCLOSTOMA Pearmanseanum ; new.
" Barklyanum ; new.
" maritimum, observations on.
TROCHATELLA pulcliella, Ad. var. labiosa, Chitty ; new.
GEOMELANIA observations on.

sinuosa new.
inornata new.
parva new.

" procera observations on.

OYLINDRELLA Pearmanseana ; new.

Maugeri observations on.

" " var. radiata new.

var. fuscolabris new.
var. albo — anfraclus new.
" " var. prunicolor new,

" " var. rosealaHris new.

" " var. pulchella new.

var. pulla new.
var. nitens nnw.

var. unicolor, AiJ. var a, Chilly ; new,
var. bicolor new.
var.quarlricolor new
" var. raphinina new.

'• var, Iricolor observations on.

" var. unicincta, observaliona on.

hydrophana new.
" striata new.

Adainsiana new.
dubia new.

2 Desertions of Thirty Supposed New Species and

ACHATINA parvula ; new.

Adamsiana ; new.
SPIRAXIS observations on

" contorta ; new.

PUPA Jardineana ; new.

" Grevillei ; new.

HELIX McNabiana ; new.

PLANORBIS affinis observations on

angulatus ; new.

CYCLOSTOMA PEARMAN^EANUM. Shell, moderately elon-
gate ; conic ; dingy- white, or very light brown ; with 5 or
6 narrow, interrupted, faint, spiral bands of umber brown,
most distinct on the last whorl ; with from 9 to 11 trans-
verse or vertical series of irregular spots of darker umber-
brown, the largest and darkest spots being just below the
suture. Transverse lines of growth distinct and distant,
more so than in C. lima, sharp and slightly serated.
Spiral lines scarcely visible, except on the inner side of the
last whorl. Spire with convex outlines. Apex truncate

with loss of ? whorls ; 4 or 4-J- whorls remaining, very

convex, with a very deep suture. Last 4th part of last
whorl diverging (in 4 out of 6 specimens before me) very
abruptly and very far from the penult whorl, as in G. mon-
strosum. In two of the specimens, divergence is much
less than in these ; the left side of the peritreme touches,
and is soldered to the penult whorl. Aperture exactly cir-
cular (in some very slightly oval) — diam. . 1 inch ; peristome
or inner peritreme projecting about .05 inches beyond the
peritreme, shining at the very edge, but dull, with circles
of growth girdling the outside. Peritreme about .05 width ;
slightly striated, shining, irregularly reflected, and notched.
About l-4th of the peritreme, nearest to the penult whorl
is abruptly wanting, appearing to the casual observer as
though it were broken off. The edges of the peritreme
where the apparent fracture occurs, are however, themselves

N. B, — The decimals throughout are of inches — E. C.

Varieties of Land and Fluciat'de Shells of Jamaica. 3

as abruptly reflected. Peritreme seems to be formed
before the Peristome projects. Operculum — ? umbilicus
small, extending through the truncate apex. Mean
divergence 50° ; length .76, greatest breadth .56, least
breadth from last to penult whorl .39.

Habitat, Durham, Trelawny.

These shells differ much in size—one before me measur-
ing only .52 in. length and otherwise in proportion. It in
some respects comes near to G. mirandum, but it is more
globose ; and transverse strisB are far more coarse and
distant ; it has no visible spiral striae, and the hiatus in the
peritreme is much more marked and decided.

Named in honor of Mrs. POOLE, daughter of the late
WILLIAM PEARMAN, ESQ., to whom I am greatly indebted
for conchological assistance.

CYCLOSTOMA BARKLYANUM. Shell robust, elongate, conic ;
slightly shining, white or very pale rich brown, with irre-
gular transverse bands of light rich brown, zigzag on the
right or towards the apex, and straight and shading off on
the left or towards the aperture ; some of the bands being
lighter, and, as it were, shadows of the darker ones ; with
the same light rich brown within the lower end of the
aperture ; with very strong prominent rounded transverse
stria3, very faintly decussated by spiral striae. Spire with
outlines slightly convex. Apex truncate, with the loss of
about 3 whorls ; 4j whorls remaining ; with a very mode-
rately impressed suture, which is crenulate, by the enlarge-
ment of the upper ends of some of the transverse striae.
"Whorls slightly convex. Aperture ovate, orbicular, oblique,
narrower and longer than C. Augusts. Peristome produced
and reflected on to the peritreme. Peritreme well
expanded ; white tinged with light rich brown, canalicu-
lated above, attached to penult whorl, then widely spread-
ing over the umbilicus, which is small. Mean divergence
37° ; length .92, greatest breadth .57, least breadth .44.

Habitat, New Hope, Westmoreland.

Named in honor of Sir HENKY BARELY, Governor of
Jamaica, on the day of his arrival.

4 Descriptions of Thirty Siipposcd New Species and

CYCLOSTOMA MAKITIMUM — AD. Not being able to find Pro-
fessor ADAMS'S description of this shell, I must be excused if
I state afresh what he may have already stated, namely,
that this is a most variable shell, both in marking and size.
Of eleven, which I am adding to the suite of Jamaica Land
Shells for the British Museum, six vary in color from yel-
lowish white to almost a deep orange, three are of a
dingy red brown, varying in shade, with very fine spiral
lines of deep brown, and two have broad spiral lines of
deep dingy brown on the periphery of the whorls.

In size the smallest is .33 long, and the largest (truncated)
is .64. A comparatively large portion of specimens in the
lot I have, is not decollated.

Habitat, near Galina Point, St. Mary's.

The kindness and indefatigable searchings of my
friend GEOKGE ARMSTRONG, ESQUIRE, of Wentworth, St.
Mary's, have put me in possession of several specimens,
(where I only had solitary ones previously) of Cycl. pul-
cTirius and Cycl. maritimum. My observations on the
colors, &c. of the animals will appear in a proposed
posthumous work from the manuscript of Professor C. B.
ADAMS.

TROCHATELLA PULCIIELLA — AD. Yar. LABIOSA, CHIITY.
Under stones, amongst the Fan Palm Thatch at Galina
Point, St. Mary's, a variety of this shell occurs, in which
(just as in Helicina palliata, var labiosaj) the lip is exces-
sively thickened both externally and internally, but not
contracting the aperture.

: For these shells, also, I am indebted to my friend G.
ARMSTRONG, ESQ.

This thickening of the labrum of certain shells, in certain
localities, seems to demand attention,

GEOMELANIA. Professor C. B. ADAMS has most justly
said, that in this genus " the different types graduate into
each other so as to render the establishment of species
extremely difficult," That difficulty causes me t<> pause

Varieties of Land and Fluviatile Shells of Jamaica. 5

ere I attempt to describe all the specimens which have come
to my hands, unseen by, and so unknown to, the Professor
at the time of his lamented death ; but I venture to describe
three, namely, G. sinuosa, G. inornata^ and G. parva,
which I select from among the rest by the marked pecu-
liarity of their spiral striae.

GEOMELANIA SINUOSA. Shell conic, cylindrical, white,
elegantly sculptured with very sharp and slender transverse
ribs, which lessen in number on the last whorl, and which
are very slightly impressed with very numerous micros-
copic spiral striae. Spire with rectilinear outlines. Apex
truncate, with the loss of ? whorls ; six whorls re-
maining, convex, with a deep suture. Aperture ovate,
moderately effuse on the right side, angular above,
oblique. Labrum thickened, and sharply reflected, not
produced. Labium detached from the last whorl. At the
top of the aperture, separating the labiuin from the labrum
is a very singular sinus, which induces its specific name,
opening as a narrow line, and terminating as an open
circle (which I can best describe by likening it to the
peculiarities of a surgeon's amputating saw) ; round the
outside of this circle the edge is much thickened.

Mean divergence about 16°, Length .22, Breadth .05.

Habitat, Ashly Hall, Trelawny.

GEOMELANIA INORNATA. Shell elongate, conic, cylindri-
cal, white ; to the naked eye it appears smooth and without
ribs, but under the lens, it has strong, rounded, close set,
transverse ribs. Spire with rectilinear outlines. Apex

truncate, with the loss of ? whorls ; whorls left 5 }

very convex, with a moderately impressed suture. Aper-
ture ovate, angular above. Labrum effusely produced, and
widely reflected on the right. Below—? (N. B. The
only specimen I have is broken in that part.) Labium
moderately thickened and reflected, and in its upper half
appressed to the penult whorl. A slight sinus divides the
labrum from the labium.

Mean divergence about 13^ ; Length .36, Breadth .08.

Habitat '.

6 Descriptions of Thirty Supposed New Species and

GEOMELANJA PARVA. This shell greatly resembles G.
clegans, small var. But the transverse ribs are much more
close and numerous, and the spiral striae are finer, slightly
impressing the ribs. The lip is entire, without any sinus
between the labrnm and labium. "Whorls remaining, 5.
Mean divergence from 15° to 16°, length rather more
than .16, breadth .05.

Habitat, Peace River, Manchester.

GEOMELANTA PROCERA AD. When the late Professor
C. B. ADAMS described this shell, it was unique, and in my
cabinet. I have the same specimen now before me, but I
am wholly unable to detect under a triplex pocket lens of
high power, the " very numerous microscopic lightly im-
pressed spiral stride in the intercostal spaces," which he
mentions at p. 95, Cont. to Conch.

CYLINDRELLA PEARMAN.EANA. This shell approaches
nearest to Cyl. alba var striatella (Cont. to Conch p. 20)
and may be C. alabastrina. Pfr., of which I have not
seen even the description. Shell almost cylindrical, round-
ing off in the last whorl, and with convex outlines from the
9th whorl towards the truncate apex ; cream white. Striae
very visible under a good lens, but much finer than in
O. alba var. striatella. Half of last whorl carinated ; but
by no means so much so as in the last-named shell. Apex

truncate with loss of ? whorls ; whorls left, fourteen,

much flattened, but with a well-impressed suture. Last
whorl much produced, obliquely. Aperture sharply
angular on the right side, and rounded rather on the left ;
so that when the shell is held with the apex to the right,
the aperture is like a tunnel or archway. Lip reflected, but
little thickened, shining. Length .71, greatest breadth,
.14, least breadth, at apex, .07.

Habitat, Retrieve, Westmoreland.

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI — WOOD. In defiance of the
opinions of some of the greatest naturalists of the day, I
presume to think that an alteration should be made in the

Varieties of Land and Fluviatile Shelh of Jamaica. 7

classification of this, which at present stands only as a
species. Why all these at-present-called varieties should
not be elevated into species, I cannot understand. There is
so great a peculiarity in the so-called species Maugeri — so
totally distinct is it from all other Jamaica Cylindrellce')
save and except Cyl. Gossei (which should perhaps be
included among them,) that Maugeri ought, in my opinion,
to be elevated into a genus, and all the now called varieties
should be advanced into species : convenience at least
would justify this procedure. If many species of Gylin-
drella are admitted among all that group, from C. Hollandi
to C. pupoe formis — (see Catalogue Cont. Conch., p. 183,)
and the marked differences among them are not even so
great as amongst the so called vars. of C. Mangvri, (id. p.
182-3) I cannot reconcile the one being species, and the
other varieties. Show one var. of the C. Maugeri^ and
almost at once its habitat is determined, and the utter
hopelessness proclaimed of finding it in any other region
of the island. Besides, some of these so-called vars. are
varied in their own class. Thus, of C. Maugeri v&r.fusca,
we have brown, white, and yellow vars. (See the British
Museum suite of Jamaica Land and Fluviatile Shells, No.
669 a) : yet variety of variety is scarcely admissible. *

CYLINDKELLA MAUGERI. Yar. RADIATA. Shell long, not
robust, shining. Lip and last part of last whorl, white ;
rest dirty yellow ; whole shell boldly but beautifully
striated. Aperture long and rather angulated below,
where the peritreine is much expanded, and but little re-
flected. Whorls nearly nine. Length .9, breadth .23.

This Shell, of which I have only one specimen, was given
me by DR. HYDE.

Habitat ? Northside ?

CYLINDKELLA MAUGEEI. Var. FUSCOLABRIS. Shell robust,
and moderately thickened ; shining sulphur-yellow in the
middle, brick-red tinge on the truncate apex ; last whorl
white, with an ill-defined band of brick-red on the back of
the lower part of the lip. Last whorl much rounded. Keel

8 Descriptions of Thirty Supposed New Species and

obtuse. Aperture, semiorbicular, much contorted, and
slightly angular at its base. Striae well defined on the
last whorl. Whorls 8. Length. 76, breadth .25. A younger
semitransparent specimen (I have only two) has only 7J
whorls. Length .72, breadth .26.

Habitat ? ISTorthside. From Dr. HYDE.

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI. Yar. ALBO-ANFRACTUS.

Named in allusion to its last whorl being white.

Shell small, globose, but of the usual shape, shining ;
dingy yellow fading oif on the last whorl into pure white ;
last two-thirds of the last whorl very finely striated.
Whorls 8. Aperture not very oblique, lengthened, labrum
thin on left side. Length .62, breadth .22.

Habitat ? Northside ? From Dr. HYDE.

CYIJNDRELLA MAUGEEI. Yar. PKUNICOLOR. This shell
is named from the band of deep plum-color behind the
lip. Shell less robust, rather long, (not a fresh specimen)
red brown, deeper at either extremity. Lip long and
angulated below, expanded and thin at the margin, pure
white, with (behind it) the plum-colored band. Keel
acute, white. Striae visible almost to the truncated
apex ; coarse and wide on the last whorl. Whorls 8J-.
Length .76, breadth .23.

Habitat ? ?

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI. Yar. ROSEALABRIS. Named
from its beautiful rose-colored lip. Shell robust, short,
shining ; coloring same as in Var. tricolor ; keel short,
pink ; no white line as in Var, tricolor, or, at most, a
very microscopically thin one. Lip oblique and elongated.
Whorls 7, very fine striation extending only over J of
the last whorl ; but more so than in Var. tricolor.
Length .72, breadth .25.

Habitat Maroon Town ? Given to me by the Kevd. WIL-
LIAM ASHBY.

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI. Yar. PULCHELLA. This pretty
shell in color resembles Var. tricolor. Shell small, not

Varieties of Land and Fluviatile Shells of Jamaica. 9

over robust, shining. Last whorl and part of the penult,
and the three upper whorla of the decollated apex, of a deep
rich brown. Intermediate space, of a light olive brown.
Lip and behind the lip, rose pink, except where it is inter-
rupted by the sharp white keel, which extends over one half
the last whorl. Next below the suture, is a gradually widen-
ing white line commencing at one half of the penult whorl,
and terminating at the rose pink behind the lip. Whorls
7£. Transverse striae well marked on one half of the last
whorl, obsolete above. Lip very oblique, with a deep sinus
on the left side. Length .64, breadth .21. I have only
two specimens.

Habitat, Manchester ?

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI. Var. PULLA. Shell small,
rather slender, dark red brown, almost black at the back
of peretreme. Lip cream white, and so also round the back
of it, and a white line running along the top (below the
suture) of one half of the last whorl, narrow and gradually
diminishing. I have but three specimens before me, not the
best, I imagine, and thoj the brown body color is good, each
seems covered with a white substance, which scales off on
application of a steel instrument, as tho' the substance were
the natural exterior. Whorls 7f, with deep suture, gene-
rally shining ; with transverse striae but slightly developed
on the last whorl. At the top of the left side of the labrum is
is a very deep well-marked sinus. Aperture very much
lengthened, and keel very sharp. Length .68, breadth .22.

Habitat, Maroon Town, St. James.

CYLENDRELLA MAUGEKI. Var. MIENS. Shell medium
size and form, shining, yellowish, truncated ; eight whorls
left, the uppermost of which is of a light rich brown. At
the back of the right lip a narrow band of rich brown ;
over the keel, which is white, is a shading off band, for
one half the whorl, of similar brown : over the umbilical
region the same coloring. Very obsolete lines of growth,
except on the the last whorl, where the strite are closely and
strongly set. Length .77, Breadth .21.

Habitat, New Hope, Westmoreland.

10 Description* of Thirty Supposed Xiic Species and

CTLINDRELLA MAUGERI, Var. UNICOLOR. AD. Yar. a. CIIITTY.
Near to Maroon Town, in St James, occurs what I con-
ceive to be a variety of this variety \ — It is less shining,
the striae are coarser. It is less robust, and it seems less
liable to decollation. Out of three specimens (all I have)
two have apparently lost only the very apices, having 1 3f
whorls remaining, and the third has 1OJ- whorls left.

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI, Tar. BICOLOR. Shell short and
robust. Lip and penult whorl white, gradually growing
into a pure rich yellow to the truncate apex ; very shining,
with lines of growth only perceptible under a strong lens.
Whorls six. Length .6, greatest breadth .24.

One is longer, 7i whorls. Length .64, breadth .2 1 .

Habitat ?

CTUNDRELLA MAUGERI, Var. QUADRICOLOR. Shell thick
and robust Lip full rose-pink, front and back : with dark
brown, and black, and white marks and lines inside the
lip, corresponding with the external marks. Below the
suture of the penult whorl, on the last whorl, is a very
narrow spiral line of white, which is traceable, more or
loss, over the whole of the last whorl ; below this is a
broad band of black, .1 inch broad ; adjoining it, down to
the usual keel, but divided from the pink behind the lip
by the black, is a band of pure white .1 wide at its com-
mencement, but tapering off to nothing where it meets the
outer labrum : below this again, covering the umbilical
region, is deep black : the black band nearer to the
suture, when it has nearly completed the last whorl,
gradually shades oil into a very intense dark red brown,
which, in fresher shells, continues up to the truncate apex,
while in less fresh shells, the middle whorls assume a
lighter tinge of brown. Thus the shell might be said not
only to have four, but five colours.

Shell shining, with close fine-set stria? at the back of
aperture, gradually widening and disappearing as the apex
is approached. Lip broad, thick, and well-reflected. Whorls

Varieties of Land and FlumatiU Shells of Jamaica. 11

6 ; height .75, breadth .26. Some specimens are less robust.

Habitat, Manchioneal, and the east end of Portland.

N. B. — This shell appears to have escaped the notice of
the late Professor C. B. ADAMS, though it was in my collec-
tion when he last visited me, in 1851.

Another beautiful variety seems at the same time to
have escaped notice, namely,

CYLINDRELLA MAUQERI, Var. RAPHININA. Shell raddish-
shaped, long and narrow, and of the tessalated variety ;
shining ; ground color cream white, with alternate rectan-
gular and other spots of very pale reddish ash color ; apex
white ; — 4th and 5th whorls from the top being rich red
brown, and plain. 6th same color, with white tessalation
over it. In most specimens apex is not truncated. Apex
with slightly convex outline. Whorls 14, scarcely convex,
with a slightly impressed suture. Lip thin, slightly
reflected. A dark brown band round the outside of the
labrum, interrupted by a white keel. Striae of growth
scarcely visible under a powerful lens. Divergence about
2013, length .72, breadth .16.

Habitat, St. Ann's.

CYLINDRELLA MAUGERI, Var. TRICOLOR. A variety of this
shell occurs at Peace River, Manchester, wherein " the
narrow, slowly widening, snow-white line next below the
suture" — Ad. Cont. Conch, p. 163 — is much finer.

CYLINDRELLA MAFGERI, Var. UNICINCTA. AD. Owing, I
apprehend, to the absence of good specimens in my cabinet
at the moment when Professor ADAMS described this shell,
some important features are omitted in his description,
(Contrib. Conch, p. 163) which better specimens now
allow me to notify.

Instead of " dingy pale yellow," I should call the ground
color a pure opaque dead white over a horn color : all the
specimens are more or less tessalated in white and horn
colors, so that this variety might properly be placed in
Professor ADAMS'S division (e). — " The broad dark brown

12 Descriptions of TJiirty Supposed New Species and

stripe anteriorly," mentioned in the former description,
shades off, before it reaches the left side of the labrum,
into a band of horn color, which continues running along
the lowest part of the whorls well defined, almost up to
the 5th, where it disappears. In some specimens, this horn
colored stripe is less developed, but the tessalation is more
so. The " tinge of rose red" is also to be seen within the
aperture, and so is the " broad dark brown stripe. "

CYLINDRELLA HYDROPHANA, Named from the apparently
hydrophanous nature of its epidermis. Shell, sub-cylindri-
cal, tapering slightly at both ends, shining, dark dingy
bistre brown, covered by what appears to be a dusty white
powdery epidermis, which here and there appears to have
cracked off, leaving dark, narrow streaks parallel with
the striae of growth, as though the shell were tessalated ;
with very fine striae of growth, finer than in C. montana,
which this shell somewhat resembles ; striae scarcely
arcuate, very oblique. Keel scarcely developed on the
well-rounded last whorl. Spire with convex outlines. Apex

broadly truncate with the loss of ? ten whorls

remaining ; scarcely convex, with a lightly impressed but
not marginate suture. Aperture w^ell rounded. Lip
shining, whitish, moderately reflected. Length .6, greatest
breadth . 14, least breadth at the truncate apex . 1.

Habitat, Durham ? Trelawny.

CYLINDRELLA STRIATA. Like (7, montana^ dec. Shell
short and thick, subovate ; pure white, truncate apex deep
grey. Coarsely set shining striae, coarser than C. Jiydro-
pJiana and C. montana. Striae arcuate. Keel on the last
whorl scarcely perceptible. Spire with convex outlines.

Apex broadly truncate, with the loss of ? whorls.

Whorls left, 9f ; very convex, not marginate ; with a well-
impressed suture. Aperture produced as in all this class.
Lip nearly orbicular, reflected and thickened.

Length .61, breadth .16.

Habitat, Burnt Hill Glade, Westmoreland.

Varieties of Land and jfrluviatile Shells of Jamaica. 13

CYLINDRELLA ADAMSIANA. This shell may be likened to
C. nobilior Ad. in general appearance and shape, and (in
some of the lighter colored varieties) also in color, viz :
it is of a dingy light fawn, with a line of deeper fawn at
the suture, with a white lip. The main difference between
the two shells, is, that in this, the upper part of the peri-
tretne is not attached or soldered to the penult whorl as in
C. nobilior, but is produced, ^n size also there is a
general difference ; the largest out of some 60 odd specimens
of the latter, C. nobilior, measuring 1 .2 inch, while
the ordinary run of the former, is not less than 1 .3 inch .-
both shells are proportionally wide. Attaching some
importance to locality, the former is found at Durham, in
Trelawny, and the other in Bog Walks, St. Catherine's,
places some 50 miles apart, " as the crow flies." The
sculpture of this shell is generally much finer, and rather
more oblique.

Both shells equally vary and agree in different specimens
as regards fusiformity. Of the longest out of a quantity or'
C. Adamsiana, the following are the measurements and

other particulars : Apex truncate, with a loss of t

AVhorls left, 9^. Length 1.4 inch, breadth at the third,
(from the last) whorl .4 inch. Thence it gradually tapers
to .2 inch on the ninth whorl. The keel at the buck of the
last whorl, or spiral carina, also, is much more developed
than in most others of the C. rosea tribe. — In C. rosea, var.
'iiiayna (especially) and in C. columna, Client., and C.
"v/tata, Ad., the aperture is generally higher on the right
than loll side ; while in C. Ad<nusiana the reverse almost
universally occurs ; and in this latter shell the lower par!
of the inner or left lip is much broader and more flattened
and less reflected.

Named in honor of my much lamented friend and con-
chological preceptor, the late Professor C. B. ADAMS, of
Aniherst College, Massachusetts, U. S.

CYLINUKULLA DLMUA. Of the C. Rosen group. Shell,
«.»vatc conic, much elongated, dingy rujo color, Lip white :

14: Descriptions of Thirty Supposed New Specie and

moderately coarse oblique strife of growth. Keel nearly ob-
solete ; last whorl very much rounded, and brownish. Spire
with convex outlines. Apex truncate with the loss of — f
whorls ; 7j- whorls left, very convex and rather shouldered,
with a deeply impressed suture ; last whorl moderately
produced, subangular on the right side, and at the upper
part of the left. Aperture large. Lip spreading much on
the left lower extremity ; thin, shining, and slightly
reflected. Length .67, breadth .17, breadth of lip .17.
Habitat, near Maroon Town, St. James.

ACHATINA PA.RVULA. Shell sub-cylindrical, whitish with
a yellowish epidermis, with strong transverse strias on the
last 5 whorls, becoming obsolete on the lower extremity of
the last whorl. The apex quite free from striae Spire with
almost rectilinear outlines. Apex very obtuse. Whorls 7, ra-
ther turretted ; last whorl much bo. At one half of the
labrum, the aperture is singularly constricted, and there is
a hir^e opal white tooth, at the point of constriction ; thence
it is very abruptly truncated, and the labrum thickened ;
the columella is considerably thickened ; and is also of an
opal white. Aperture very long, much twisted and sub-
angular above.

Mean divergence about 12°. Length .14,

Breadth .04, Length of aperture .04,

Habitat \ From Dr. HYDE.

ACHATINA ADAMSIAXA. Shell conic, very slender ; ground
color very light brown, with rich dark burnt umber transverse
ban Is, light on the right and becoming dark gradually on
the left side. There are three of these bands, with the in-
tervening light brown on the last whorl. Upon the last 7
whorls there are very strong rounded waving ribs, 20 on the
last whorl, and decreasing in number upwards ; these are
decussated by numerous spiral ridges. Between the ribs,
are very numerous microscopic striie. The ribs of each
whorl project over the preceding one, causing the shell to
be coronated. Above the?e T whorls, up to the the apex.

Varieties of Land and FlumatiU Shells of Jamaica. 15

the whorls are closely striated, with much arcuated strise.
Spiral outlines slightly convex. Whorls IOJ, well convex,
with a well impressed suture Aperture short, the upper
part projecting angularly from the whorl above : well
rounded below, till it meets the columella almost at
right angles. Labruin sharp, constricted inwards about one
third down. Columella rather straight, slender and pointed.

Divergence about 15°, length .S, breadth .14,

Ilabitat, near Swift River, St. George's

Named, in memory of the late Professor C. B ADAMS.

N. B. — Tho' somewhat resembling it, this shell must not
be mistaken for the A. Adamsi, Pfr., the Ach. Costulata,
ADAMS. — See Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ach. : Sp. 112.

SPIRAXIS AS A NEW GENUS OF HelicidcB. Whatever may be
the opinion of others (and I hope there are none at variance
with mine,) I take this opportunity of expressing my thanks
(as it were) to the late Professor C. B. ADAMS for the in-
vention or rather proposition of this new genus, Sjriraxis.
Doubtless some of the Jamaica Shells already classed under
it, may, by and bye, be classed under another more dis-
tinguishing head, especially S. mirabilis^ AD. S. contort u^
CHITTY. Yet before he named and described this new
feature, namely, " with the collumelia produced into a large
stout spiral lamina," as sufficient to ground on it a genus,
there were Jamaica Shells, which it was impossible to say,
whether they were referable to Bulimi or Achatina.

I should suggest that Achatina Ificans should be trans-
ferred to Spiraxis. Of Foreign Bulimi and Achatina
there seem to me, on reference to Reeve's Conch. Icon., to
be many which belong to genus binrdxip ; such as B.
PhiUpeneiixiS) B. DapJmis, B. maculiferus, (though
I doubt Shells sinistral being of the same genus with Shells
dextral.) B. Calypso. B. eincinnus, B. in-ferstinctus, B.
Sikkimensis, AcJi-atina lamelloso, A. anomola, A Bv.ll-

nwides* A. 7>v- ••'/>•'. .1. F»ii<:ki. A. fiammigety — cum-

7,. 7..
multu •

16 Descriptions of Thirty Supposed New Species and

SPIRAXIS CONTORTA. The only species of Spiraxis (Jam.)
which I do not know on direct information from the late Pro-
fessor C. B. ADAMS, is S. Anomalus^ (Bulimus Anomalus,
Cont. Conch, p. 28) and in his description of the only spe-
cimen before him, he seems to speak of a shell truncated^ as
though the genus Spiraxis were subject to truncation,
which, in a strict conchological sense, it certainly is not.

I understand the term truncated to apply only to a Shell
whose apex is by nature subject to fall off ; the animal, by
its own inherent power, stopping up the aperture left by
such falling off in the truncated apex ; and not to an acci-
dental breaking of the shell. "What Bui. or Spiraxis ano-
malus really is, I do not know. The Shell I am about to
describe seems not to answer its description.

Shell conic, elongate, white, with strong transverse broad
ribs, broader than the intervening spaces, much arcuated.
Spire not truncated, with rectilinear outlines. Apex very
small. Whorls 10, quite convex and with a deeply impressed
suture. Last whorl proportioned to the others, with a slight
constriction around the middle, which also modifies the
aperture. The aperture is rather longer than its breadth,
roundly acute above, and well rounded below : constricted
in the middle like the figure 8, (see Cont. Conch, p. 429.)
Labrum thin and sharp : on the right, at the constric-
tion, is that which resembles a tooth internally, and
approaches the singularly twisted end of the columella
on the left side, representing the figure 8. On the left the
labrum is reflected but not thickened.

Mean divergence 1 5°. Length .3, breadth .07,

Length of aperture .05.

Habitat, Manchester Back Mountains.

PUPA JARDINEANA. Shell tapering, slightly fusiform,
much elongated, pure white, opaque, solid and rough. Spire
slender, with convex outlines. Apex sharp. Whorls about 6,
very convex, and very much shouldered, with a deeply im-
pressed suture. Aperture long and very slightly oblique.

Varieties of Land and Fluviatile Shells of Jamaica. 17

The top of the labrum comes out horizontally from the
penult whorl, its right side contracts inwards about the
middle, as in Bulimus, vel Spiraxis mirabilis (Cont.
Conch, p. 29.) and becomes thickened. Thence it rounds
up to the body whorl, joining it rather obliquely, and be-
coming appressed to it. Just below the junction of the
right and left labrum, there is a stout tooth on the body
whorl. Labrum thickened and reflected.

Length, about .07, greatest breadth, about .03.

Habitat, Westmoreland, near Savanna-la-Mar.

Earned in honor of my friend Sir WILLIAM JARDINE, Bart.

PUPA GREVILLEI. This Shell, in size and color, is like,
to the casual observer, that which the late Professor ADAMS
set down as " P. fallax ?" of Jamaica, (see Cont. Conch,
p. 48)—" equal to P. fallax. Say,"

Shell ovate, conic, gradually tapering up to the 4th whorl ;
5th, 6th and 7th coming to an obtuse apex. Kich light
brown. Two or three upper whorls with distinct transverse
striae ; the rest smooth and shining. Whorls 6i or 7, convex,
with well impressed suture. Aperture oblique, circular on
the right and straight on the left, and sub-angular below.
Lip pink, well reflected, thin at edge and out of the plane of
the column. A small white tooth within the upper part
of the aperture, on the right side of the last whorl, near the
labrum, which latter is rather more thickened thereabout in-
ward than elsewhere. In the younger incompleted shells,
instead of a tooth, is a lamella, as in all the Epistylium
group of Helices, and another lamella is seen on the columella,
which is not visible in the perfect shell. Umbilicus covered
by the labrum.

Length .14, breadth .07

Habitat, Newton, St. Andrew's mountains,

Named in honor of my friend Dr. K. K. GREVILLE, the
eminent Botanist, and enthusiastic Conchologist, of Edin-
burgh.

HELIX Me NABIANA. Shell, acute conic, white with pale
horn-colored epidermis, semitranslucent. Transverse lines

18 Descriptions of Thirty Supposed New Species and

of growth well marked. Spire with outline moderately con-
vex. Whorls 5, quite convex, with a deep suture ; last
whorl well rounded, and aperture almost circular, except
for the interruption of the penult whorl. Aperture out of
the plane of the axis, and outer lip very little projecting
from the penult whorl. Umbilicus very small.

This species (?) is like unto^T. fynrbiniformis, Pfr., but
its divergence is less, its size, less, and its aperture and ex-
pansion of lip, much less ; and angularity on last whorl is
almost entirely wanting. It may be only an extraordinary
var. of H. turbiniformis, and if so, I claim its name, as
a var. only. At present I have only four specimens, inclu-
sive of one sent to the British Museum.

Mean divergence 68° — (largest specimen,) height .2,
greatest breadth .16, least breadth .15.

Habitat, Newton, St. Andrew's mountains.

Named in honor of Dr. GILBERT Me. NAB, of Kingston,
Jamaica.

PLANORBIS AFFINIS, A very long way up the Black-
River, in St. Elizabeth, about Channer's wharf, near Elim
Estate, occur very large specimens of this shell. Greatest
breadth .8.

PLANORBIS ANGULATUS. Shell like PI.
(ADAMS, Cont. Conch p. 43,) but much larger, like PL
vortex, Mull : (Brown's British Shells, p. 22.) but the an-
gle of the aperture or of the periphery is more acute, and
more directly over the centre of the whorl, and the lip is
less turned up towards the apex.

Shell dis-coidal, and excessively flattened : deepish brown,
semi-transparent color : with microscopic crowded trans-
verse strise of growth. Spire slightly concave, almost planu-
late from the 1st to the 6th whorl. It then becomes slightly
convex. The outer whorl angular, with a very slight,
almost microscopic, canal running close to the periphery on
the upper side. Under side much more concave than the
upper side. Apex conspicuous on both sides. Whorls 7 ;

Varieties of Land and Fluviatile Shells of Jamaica. 19

with a well impressed suture on both sides ; but more so
on under side. Last whorl with an angular periphery
almost directly over the plane of the centre of the whorls,
inclining to the upper rather than to the lower side ; but
much less so than in H. vortex, and still less so than in PI.
Me Nabiana. Aperture very oblique, more so than in PL
vortex ; the lower half of the labrum being advanced
very far and abruptly beyond the upper half.

Greatest breadth .45, least breadth .42, height of the last
whorl .07.

Found near the head of the navigable part of the Black
River, fit. Elizabeth.

f CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONCHOLO&Y/7 1

(OF PROFESSOR C. B. ADAMS,)

CONTINUED BY

EDWARD CHITTY, ESQ.

NO. 1.

E. J. DE COEDOVA, PEINTEB, KINGSTON, JAMAICA.
1853.

THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW

AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS

WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $I.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAV
OVERDUE.

*

•HIM A 19M

NOV ,30 1936

NOV 7 J937

NOV 21 1937

FED 2 J938

nrvr 7 1938

FEB 1 5 1955

Mr 9nJ£4LI H

5U DTJI n

If J

M171459

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