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CONDITION OF SEAL LIFE ON THE ROOKERIES
OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1893-1895.

By C. H. TOWNSEND.

oer,

THE ROOKERIES IN b693:

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL,

WASHINGTON, D. C., Mebruary 26, 1894,

Str: I have the honor to inform you that during the summer of 1893
an inquiry was conducted on the Pribilof Islands by the United States
Fish Commission, in compliance with the following clause contained in
the sundry civil appropriation bill for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1894, namely:

And the Commissioner of Fisheries is authorized and required to investigate, under
the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, and when so directed to report
annually to him regarding the condition of seal life upon the rookeries of the Pri-
bilof Islands.

The report upon this investigation by the naturalist of the Fish Com-
mission steamer Albatross, Mr. C. H. Townsend, by whom it was con-
ducted, is herewith respectfully transmitted, in accordance with your
direction.

Very respectfully, M. McDONALD,
Commissioner.
Hon. JOHN G. CARLISLE,
Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C.

INTRODUCTION.

The report herewith submitted is based chiefly upon the observations
made on St. Paul and St. George islands between July 11 and August
18, 1893, in conformity with the instructions issued for my guidance,
and with the object of determining the conditions of seal life upon the
rookeries of the Pribilof Islands during that period, as compared with
the corresponding period of the previous year. It is accompanied by 11
charts and 46 photographic views (105 plates),! corresponding mainly
with those nade in 1892 by Mr. J. Stanley-Brown, special Treasury
agent, and forming part of his report to the Secretary of the Treasury.
Views were obtained from all of the photographic stations occupied by
Mr. Stanley-Brown, but as the photographer of the Fish Commission

1This set of charts and photographs not transmitted for publication, the accom-
panying series for 1895, showing more reduced condition of rookeries, being deemed
sufficient.
3

4 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

steamer Albatross likewise secured several excellent negatives of some
of the rookeries from other good positions in 1892, | considered it
important to duplicate them also, and prints from these negatives of both
years have been included among the photographs transmitted. Irom
the appended catalogue of photographs, giving the dates upon which
the negatives were made in each year, it will be seen that, with one
exception, corresponding negatives were taken on the same or very
nearly the same date, foggy weather sometimes interfering with the
work, but not sufficiently to allow of any material change in the con-
dition of the rookeries. The exception was at Northeast Point rookery,
on St. Paul Island, which the writer was unable to reach until the seals
had spread slightly. The difference in perspective observable in the
photographs of the two years is owing to the fact that the photographie
lens used in 1893 had a somewhat different angle from the one employed
by Mr. J. Stanley- Brown.

In comparing the corresponding photographs for the two years, it
will be observed that only a few of them show any appreciable difter-
ences in the abundance of the seals upon the rookeries to which they
relate; but my personal observations clearly demonstrate that a moder-
ate decrease i in the number of seals and slight changes in their distribu-
tion did occur between the summer of 1892 and that of 1893 3, as described
below, these facts being also more plainly brought out by a comparison
of the charts.

In this connection, it seems proper to explain that my acquaintance
with the seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands has not been limited to
the investigation of last summer. I first visited these islands during
June and September, 1885, at which time the rookeries were in their
prime, pelagic sealing, just then beginning, having produced scarcely
any effect upon the islands. Compared with the vast herds then ob-
served, the body of seals now on the rookeries appears asa mere remnant.
As the naturalist of the steamer Albatross, Lalso made observations on
these islands from July 28 to August 10, 1891, and again between June
30 and August 14, 1892, during a part of this latter period having been
temporarily attached to the revenue-steamer Corwin, then engaged in
following the breeding female seals out to their feeding grounds, on
which, up to distances of 200 miles fromthe islands, specimens obtained
by means of firearms were found to be in milk and to have undigested
food in their stomachs.

Recognizing the importance of designating the photographic stations
previously referred to, so that they may be found without delay in
future years, I have marked many of those located near permanent
rocks or bowlders with their numbers in white lead, and I would respect-
fully suggest that this work be completed next season. The rookeries
at which the stations have been so designated are Great East, Little
East, North and Starry Arteel, on St. George Island; and Reef and
Zapadnie, on St. Paul Island.

ITINERARY FOR THE SEASON.

Accompanied by Mr. N. B. Miller, photographic assistant, I was
landed on St. George Island by the steamer Albatross on the morning
of July 11, and remained there until the 15th. Zapadnie rookery was
photographed on the 13th; North rookery in the morning and Starry
Arteel rookery in the afternoon of the 14th; the Hast and Little Bast
rookeries during the morning of the 15th. The areas covered by the
seals at each of these rookeries were plotted upon the charts on the
same dates.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. a

We took up our quarters on St. Paul Island on July 16, and on the
17th attempted to photograph the rookery at Northeast Point, but a
dense tog prevented. Later in the day, however, we succeeded in
photographing Ketavie and Lukannon rookeries. During the 18th,
19th, 20th, and 21st, work was entirely interrupted by fog. The 22d
proved clear, and permitted us to obtain plates of Reef rookery in the
morning, and of Tolstoi and Zapadnie rookeries in the afternoon. A
dense fog continued from the 23d to the 25th inclusive, followed by
clear weather on the 26th, when we visited and photographed North-
east Point rookery, the writer remaining there overnight to complete
his observations. Polavina rookery was photographed in the after-
noon of the 28th, and on the 29th observations were made at Tolstoi
and Reef rookeries.

A severe storm prevailed during the 30th, and on the following day I
visited that part of Reef rookery lying under the cliffs for the purpose
of ascertaining to what extent young pups may have been destroyed
by it, but I found the damage slight. In the afternoon I visited
Zapaduie rookery, and Mr. Miller returned on board the Albatross.

On August 1 photographs were obtained of Lagoon rookery and of
Reef rookery from Village Hill. The 2d and 3d were spent in making
general observations; from the 4th to the 7th fogs and storms prevailed ;
on the 5th visits were paid to Lukannon and Ketavie rookeries, and to
the rookery on Sea Lion Rock. On the 9th I secured photographs of
Northeast Point rookery from Hutchinson Hill, but the weather was
rainy or foggy from the 10th to the 13th, permitting only of brief exami-
nations being made of Reef and Ketavie rookeries, August 14 I visited
Tolstoi rookery and found several hundred dead seal pups, nine-tenths
of which had undoubtedly been killed under the cliffs during the recent
‘storm. Their bodies were lying just along the line of debris left by
the highest wash of the waves, and as they were mostly near the com-
mencement of the sand beach, they had evidently been swept from the
narrow rookery at the foot of the cliff extending out to the point.

On August 16 I was again transferred to St. George Island, where I
spent that and the two following days in reexamining the several rook-
eries. They were all well covered by the spreading out of the seals
which takes place in August, and makes the rookeries look larger than
in July. A large proportion of the young pups were also swimming
about the adjacent kelp beds off Little East rookery. In the afternoon
of the 18th I rejoined the Albatross.

CONDITION OF THE ROOKERIES,

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Northeast Point rookery.—The seals along the eastern side of this
rookery were found distributed as in 1892, but undoubtedly much more
thinly in the immediate vicinity of the point. Along the western side
they were hauled out a little farther back, owing perhaps to the later
date at which the observations were made. One or two breaks in the
beach line had closed since the preceding season, but no increase can
be noted on accountof the thinning at the point. It is, therefore, prob-
able that no appreciable change has taken place in the total number of
seals on the rookery since 1892. No seals whatever from this rookery
have been killed for several seasons. Photographed July 26 and
August 9.

Polavina rookery shows a decrease in seals, although the usual area
is occupied. It will be noticed in the photographs of the main rookery

6 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

(Station G) by the thinly covered spaces. There was also a perceptible
thinning among the small bands of breeding seals under the bluffs
between Little Polavina and the main rookery. Photographed July 28.

Little Polavina rookery has apparently suffered a slight decrease.
The wide hauling ground between this rookery and the main Polavina
was practically bare throughout the season, seals being seen generally
close to the bluff in the vicinity of the slopes that give access from the
beach. Photographed July 28.

Lukannon rookery.—On that part of this rookery where the seals are
crowded, chiefly between the low bluff and the beach, there has been
no apparent change, but there were certainly fewer seals than in 1892
upon the hill that divides this rookery from Ketavie. The hauling
ground had largely changed from the slope at the west end of the rookery
to the sand beach just north of it, as shown in the photograph taken at
station 26. Photographed July 17.

Ketavie rookery, now the thinnest rookery on the islands, shows a per-
ceptible decrease since 1892. This decrease is distinguishable in some,
if not all, of the photographs of the rookery. Photographed July 17.

Reef rookery.—The hauling grounds at this rookery have not been
delineated upon the chart for the reason that the bachelors were driven
‘too often to permit of their lying in a perfectly natural condition. This
rookery shows a shrinkage under the low bluffs just north of Garbotch
(indicated on the chart), but otherwise there has been no change that L
can detect. There was a loss of one or two hundred pups from the
storm of July 30, 1893. Sea Lion Rock, lying just off this rookery, was
visited and found to be very evenly occupied by breeding seals. The
central portions of Reef Point, over which the bachelors travel more
or less, is becoming distinctively more thickly covered with grass from
year to year. Photographed July 22.

Lagoon rookery remains unchanged since 1892. Photographed Au-
gust 1.

Tolstoi rookery.—The photographs exhibit only a slight change or
thinning out of the seals at this place, which is shown more distinctly
on the chart. There was a loss of perhaps 500 young pups from the
storm of July 30, 1893. They were swept from the narrow beach
below the cliff and deposited in a windrow at high-water mark near
the commencement of the sand beach to the northward. There was
no other loss of pups here, with the exception of the scattered loss
from natural causes. Photographed July 22.

Lower Zapadnie rookery showed no change in number of seals, with
the exception of one or two breaks along the shingle beach. Photo-
graphed July 22.

Upper Zapadnie rookery is the most difficult seal area on the Pribilof
Islands to examine, and as the weather did not permit the use of a
boat, the larger bands of seals near the beach could not be approached
without disturbing the tract of seals in their rear. ‘There has, how-
ever, been a decrease of seal life here, which is, I think, noticeable on
the photographs. Photographed July 22.

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

Hast rookery shows very little change since last season, except in the
distribution of bachelors, the main body of which had hauled out north
of the pond instead of south of it as in 1892. Owing to the unfavor-
able points from which this rookery has to be photographed to avoid

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 7

disturbing the herd, the change that has taken place here is scarcely
perceptible in the photographs. Although the same area is occupied
by breeding seals as in 1892, and is so indicated on the chart, the
change is there expressed by the words ‘“*Thinned out slightly since
1892.” Photographed July 15.

Little Hast rookery presents the same appearance as in 1892. I am not
able to detect any change, and the photographs taken there do not
seem to indicate any. Photographed July 15.

North rookery.—The seals are disposed on this rookery much as in
1892, but a slight decrease is perceptible, which is also showin by the
photograph taken at station 5. Photographed July 14.

Starry Arteel rookery.—The scattered fringe of seals along the main
rookery visible in 1892 now seems to have been absorbed into the main
body of breeding seals. ‘The chart will be found to indicate a reced-
ence toward the bluff at two or three points. Bachelor seals seem also
to be less numerous and were not found distributed so far back as
usual, the higher positions on the hill being mostly unoccupied this
year. Photographed July 14.

Zapadnie rookery shows more shrinkage than any other of the St.
George Island rookeries. The decrease is perceptible in the photo-
graph taken at station 6. The main breeding ground on the hill slope
by the bluff is decidedly scattered as compared with 1892, and there
are two breaks in the narrow breeding ground along the beach. The
hauling ground of bachelors is much more thinly covered, and seals
were not found as far back as in 1892. Photographed July 13.

CONCLUSIONS AS TO CONDITION OF ROOKERIES,

Taking all the rookeries of the Pribilof Islands into consideration, it
may be safely asserted that the total number of seals upon them has
decreased to an appreciable extent since the summer of 1892. The
annual increase of young seals has not, therefore, been quite sufficient to
offset the loss caused by the continuance of pelagic sealing in the North
Pacific Ocean. It is evident, however, that the closing of Bering Sea to
sealing vessels during the period of the modus vivendi has had a most
salutary effect upon the rookeries of the Pribilof Islands, and that their
present condition, so nearly stationary as regards the number of seals
since this regulation came in force, is distinetly traceable to the pro-
tection thus afforded.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION FOR THE ROOKERIES.

The erection of watchhouses at all the rookeries and their connection
with the villages by telephones and roads has been commenced, and the
continuance of this work can not be too strongly urged. The organiza-
tion of the natives into regular watchmen is not only desirable for the
systematic care of the rookeries, but would be a most effective system
of discipline for them, as a class of people living most of the time in
enforced idleness.

A light mounted field piece, such as a Hotchkiss rapid-firing gun,
would be a valuable aid in the work of protection. Sealing vessels
have at various times approached the islands for the purpose of sealing
or raiding the rookeries, and a thorough protection can not be assured
during the absence of Government vessels, which must sometimes
happen.

8 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

OPENING OF PART OF BERING SEA TO PELAGIC SEALING,

By the provisions of the recent treaty of arbitration, pelagic sealing
will hereafter be permitted in Bering Sea after August 1 of each year
outside of a radius of 60 miles from the Pribilof Islands. Notwithstand-
ing that the use of firearms will be prohibited, the opportunity afforded
by this privilege is likely to produce a very serious effect upon the seal
herd belonging to the several rookeries whenever the vessels find con-
tinuous good weather. Seals, when in the water, can readily be killed
by means of spears, and they are regularly taken in this manner by
most of the Indian seal hunters of the Northwest Coast. Many sailing
vessels have been accustomed to carry Indian spear hunters with their
canoes in preference to the white hunters, who use guns and boats, and
we may expect to see full advantage taken of the former method in the
free waters of Bering Sea. The open season for seals coming, as it does,
at the close of the sea-otter season, will also make available the entire
force of Alaskan spear-throwing hunters, who will be the more eager to
take advantage of the new privilege, in view of the recent restrictions
placed upon otter hunting and the present scarcity of otters. The
apparatus employed in the latter fishery is likewise largely adapted to
the pursuit of seals. After the month of August, however, the weather
soon becomes unsettled and stormy, thus somewhat limiting the period
when pelagic sealing can safely be carried on.

Observations made upon the distribution of seals in Bering Sea
between July 28 and August 15, 1892, by the steamer Corwin, showed
conclusively that the nursing seals travel distances of at least 200 miles
from the Pribilof Islands in search of food, and consequently that the
closed area about those islands, having a radius of only 60 miles, affords
them only a very partial protection. The effect of killing large num-
bers of these females, which must certainly take place, means also the
destruction of their pups on shore through starvation and the more
rapid thinning out of the herds upon the rookeries than has hitherto
occurred. The complete protection of the fur seal in Bering Sea,
together with such restrictions upon its killing in the North Pacific
Ocean as have been provided by the treaty of arbitration, would no
doubt permit a steady increase upon the rookeries where it breeds,
but its pursuit in any manner within part of the area it occupies as a
feeding ground during the breeding season may be expected to have a
disastrous effect upon the breeding rookeries of the Pribilof Islands.

List of the maps showing the outlines of the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, 1893.)

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Nontheastweomimooker yess 22 espa ecb cae S405 hay k es 2 es os Chart A
LEXIE Thy TROYON COTA tes Coke pe Sia tk a ae ee eRe ea a gar RSET SENT EL. Chart B
Kepanderan dale man mMONuMOOKCGIESH ase 5 bole oo cee cine oo hoe ee eee Chart C
ReehwandGarbouchmookertes sees «sens ek ek ect ee a eee Chart D
TNolstomanGdewaToonerookerleseee eas seccie - ook Nek Ae Mat, Es ea Chart E
Zapadnie and: Enoelish Bay rookéries...-....-....--.-...22.....206- Charts F and G

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

NUAL YP AUeCe lin OOKED seme cys ery wala Sane Sols se cic a els oe Soca e eee mee Chart H
INODUITO OOTY: se eee ye eee ene ta yoele ener ee war melts AES UR tae BA Eee Chart I
HastandaiitlenWastmookericspoaa. tock causes os 2 Solo SAIS ere a oe eee Chart J

Za PAGHIE MOOe Ry veer ee meee a eter sia oi iaae mien te ets Sores. usin 2! Dos ey Chart K

1 This set of maps not transmitted for publication, the accompanying set for 1895,
showing more reduced area of rookeries, being deemed sufficient.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF

ISLANDS.

9

List of the photographs of the seal rookeries on the Pribilof Islands taken during July and
August, 1893, by N. B. Miller and C. H. Townsend, showing the dates on which they

were made, and also the corresponding views for 1892. a

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

tookery. Station.

PNOntbe ret OIG Hee eect. canoe cia ena iets damaeme Lae Sear deel
2 (north)......
2 (south)......-|

TEN ENT BAERS SNS ae es A ee ae Pe ec aay Seer Were acces

CEP eres aa (a wi glare or ol nrs VS ete tate ei cine ine ever nra io valtarar erste ter aces

—
=)

‘
Thonver:Zapad aie) s/s 2/25/35 252 bay sects Sasslsijatss sececiie sans Caras te cr tees eee

NUP PAPEZ A DAC DCs 2c, sn Ge me eeiese clas cae os aeesee Quay ease semis

eee

Number | Dates on which

taken.

1892.

; 26) Suly 17.

ACU ATINION ot oes Bw os SE Se cre Sms eisai ise ces ate sae seeisos MOND) oat sakes sais

TICSLEN HTS) Lae Oe Sen AEs ae RMN 2 MIDS, g GaN ENOL APSDEe DD D8 Tis fey Oe tas ts

Grass area....
Village Hill...
GOTO SEO DBA aS See ree SACO ASSES Cen eCn aera Dit oiatyeetore
LUCTUS SORE Sree Sete 6 ncoe aa Seo oe pec ae mer 1b ea eee

Le Lo WS LS LS fe Le Le be bo DS OT CO ho OT Co bo bo Ole ho to Ne bo OL Ot

= = ———

0.

te; Aug. 6,

July 26 | July 20.

Do.

i July ZA.

‘July “lb, July 19.

--- July 14.
--| July 19.

Do.

eH Tuly 20.

..-| No date.
July 18.
-| July: 22,'

—

July 22 | July 19.
ado

--| July 20.
... July 18.
eel Do.

DSO G Pee AC 5 SOSA aE SOA og ae ears OE AR oe) jE SE oh SARE ee

> SITU AICS eee eee BAe SAE OY RIES OGL et ALD SRO Ae
PeipHiemitey ts Se consul 2.7), SL Sa ath Pe (eS ork vane

oh Oe OT

2) July 15) J tly 15.

---!| July 27.
---| July 28.

- July 14 July 14.
Hosoi) 528 Do.

Do.

SEE Do.
|.---d0 ---| July.28.

July 13 Do.

fete 4 7 Do.

a This set of photographs not transmitted for publication, the accompanying series for 1895, showing

more reduced condition of rookeries, being deemed sufiicient.
b United States Fish Commission station.
ec One negative lost.

10 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

THE ROOKERIES IN 1804,

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

UNITED STATES COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES,
Washington, D. C., February 25, 1895.
Str: In aecordance with your verbal request, I have the honor to
transmit herewith a report upon the condition of the seal rookeries,
Pribilof Islands, Alaska, during the season of 1894, the same being
based upon observations made by one of the assistants of this Commis-
sion, Mr. C. H. Townsend, in compliance with the requirements of the
act approved March 3, 1893.
Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL,
Acting Commissioner.
The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY,
Washington, D.C.

INTRODUCTION.

The report herewith submitted is based upon observations made on
the Pribilof Islands between July 12 and August 1, and again between
September 9 and 13, 1894. It is accompanied by 11 charts and 38 pho-
_tographic views, the former showing the outlines of the rookeries, the
latter illustrating the condition of the most characteristic portions of
each rookery, at the time of making the observations. The positions
from which the photographs were made are identical with those from
which similar views were taken in 1892 and 1893, while the dates of
both charts and photographs correspond as closely with those of pre-
ceding seasons as the conditions of weather permitted. This report
should be considered in connection with those previously submitted,
as being one of the series intended to present the yearly changes in
the conditions of the rookeries.

The steamer Albatross arrived at St. George Island on the morning
of July 8, 1894, and remained there at anchor until the 12th without
being able to effect a landing on account of stormy weather. Not wish-
ing to detain the ship longer, it was decided to begin the work upon the
rookeries of St. Paul Isl ind, where the See for landing are
better, and, accompanied by Mr. N. B. Miller, laboratory assistant of
the Albatross, and Mr, J. Stanley-Brown, I landed at Northeast Point
on the evening of the 12th, the Albatross sailing tor Unalaska at once.

July 15 was spent in examining and photographing Northeast Point
and Polavina rookeries, and we reached the village by wagon in the
evening, our baggage having been taken there from the Point on the
U.S.S. Ranger. Onthe 14th we examined and photographed Zapadnie,
Upper Zapadnie, and Tolstoi rookeries. On the 15th, clear weather
continuing, we examined and photographed Reef, Ketavie, and Lukan-
non rookeries, thus completing the necessary photographie work for this.
island in less time than we had ever been able to do it before. I made
a further examination of the rookeries of Zapadnie, Upper Zapadnie,.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. a

and Tolstoi on the 16th, and plotted upon the base maps the distribu-
tion of seals at Tolstoi and Lagoon rookeries on the 17th. Reef, Pola-
vina, Ketavie, and Lukannon were revisited on the 18th for chart data.

Leaving Mr. Miller to develop the plates exposed on St. Paul Island,
I sailed on the morning of the 19th for St. George Island on the U. S.
S. Alert, and succeeded in landing the same evening. On the 20th I
collected the necessary chart data for Kast and Little East rookeries,
St. George Island. From the 18th to the 21st, inclusive, the weather
was too stormy for photographic work, and if was not until the 22d
that I got the first photographs on St. George Island, those of North
rookery. The 23d proved stormy, but with better weather on the 24th
I secured photographs of East and Little East rookeries. Chart data
for North rookery were secured the same day, and I duplicated some
photographs of North rookery taken in 1891. From the 25th to the
27th it was too stormy for photographic work, but I collected chart data
for Zapadnie and Starry Arteel rookeries on the 27th. On the 28th I
photographed the latter rookery.

On the 29th an opportunity was afforded for returning to St. Paul
Island on the U.S.S. Adams, and, as the most important rookeries are
located on that island, I returned without having secured photographs
of Zapadnie rookery. I immediately recommenced work on the rook-
eries of St. Paul Island, spending the 30th at Northeast Point and
Polavina rookeries, the 51st at Reef rookery, and August 1 at Lukannon
and Ketavie rookeries.

The Albatross returned to St. Paul Island on the evening of August
1, and thinking that my time could then be spent more profitably cruis-
ing among the fleet of pelagic sealers and observing their work than by
remaining longer on the islands. I went on board that evening accom-
panied by Mr. Miller.

My time while at the islands was spent on the rookeries, whether the
weather was clear or stormy, Mr. Miller attending to the development
of the plates, thus giving me ample opportunity for going over most of
the rookeries two or three times. Satisfactory photographs were taken
of all rookeries except Zapadnie, on St. George Island. Station 2
(Lagoon rookery) and the one on Village Hill (Reet rookery) were aban-
doned, as showing nothing on account of distance. The dates for
photographing the rookeries of St. George Island were changed to those
of St. Paul Island and vice versa, this change being rendered necessary,
as explained above, by the uncertainty of the landings at the former
island. St. Paul, moreover, being the more important island, is most

‘deserving of attention, and, in the future, I would recommend the com-
pletion of the work on that island first.

Several of the photographie stations on the rookeries were marked
with their numbers or letters in white lead, on the nearest permanent
bowlders. ‘The stations now marked are as follows:

St. Paul [sland.—Reef, Ketavie, Lukannon, pace Ao oe and
Upper Zapadnie (Stations Nos. 12, 26, 14, 143, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 7, 8,
8+, 9, 10).

St. George Island.—Kast, Little East, North, and Starry Arteel (9,
wa, BAe 2, 3, 0; HE),

For most of the remaining unmarked stations heavy stakes will have
to be driven into the sand, few permanent bowlders being available.

The photograph of the grass area on Reef rookery was not duplicated
owing to bad weather, which is to be regretted, as it would have shown
how very rapidly this portion of the Reef is becoming erass-grown.

12 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

CONDITION OF THE ROOKERIES.
ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Northeast Point rookery.—Although a comparison of the charts and
photographs of this rookery for 1894 with those made in 1893 may indi-
cate a slight diminution of seals, I am not prepared to state that this
is the case. Owing to unfavorable weather the observations of last
year were made later than they should have been, after the spreading
of the rookeries had commenced. The data for the present year having
been secured earlier, the difference in the records should be accounted
for accordingly. I note, however, an additional break in the belt of
breeding seals in the immediate vicinity of the Point.

Polavina rookery.—Although the photographs from Station G show
very little change in position, the rookery when viewed from other
points appeared to have a well-marked break in the center, which will
be found indicated on the chart. Good weather having followed very
stormy weather, the seals had taken to the water to a noticeable degree
when the photograph was made. I think that no actual decrease can
be recorded.

Little Polavina rookery apparently exhibits no diminution since last
year and very little change in position.

Lukannon rookery.—No perceptible change in the number or position
of breeding seals was noticed here.

Ketavie rookery.—This small and gradually diminishing rookery, I
believe, shows a shrinkage since last season, but not a very marked one.

Reef rookery.—No decrease is apparent. The change in distribution
is slight.

Lagoon rookery remains unchanged since last year.

Tolstot rookery.—Vhe seals here are perhaps a little more concen-
trated at the north end of the rookery; but otherwise there is no change.

Zapadnie rookery.—Vhe hill portion of this rookery is unchanged, but
the very thin portion extending about a mile along the shingle beach
exhibits several breaks never before noticeable.

While the fur seal, naturally so gregarious, returns year after year
under normal conditions to its accustomed breeding grounds, there are
indications that it is less at home upon tracts which are becoming thin,
and is inclined to concentrate upon adjacent breeding tracts more
thickly covered with seals. This appears to be the case with the above-
mentioned Ketavie rookery, and in the case of Zapadnie to be borne
out by the appearance of an increase upon the adjoining rookery of
Upper Zapadnie. This scattered beach rookery is illustrated by one of
the photographs.

Upper Zapadnie rookery.—An increase since last season being indi-
cated here, | went over the ground very carefully, and, although it may
not be apparent in the photographs, the chart will be found to show
changes which I believe mean a slight increase.

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

Hast rookery.—lt is possible that this ronkery has suffered a slight
shrinkage since last season, but I found it difficult to decide that such
was the case.

Little Bast rookery remains unchanged.

North rookery.—Slight and unimportant changes in distribution were
observed, but no apparent decrease.

Starry Arteel rookery remains unchanged.

Zapadnie rookery.—There is a widening of the break along the beach
portion of the rookery, but no decrease was noticeable.

4681 ‘YAGWALdaS ‘GNVISI 1NVd LNivs ‘SdAd Iwas GSAYVLS

SEAL LIFE’ ON THE’ PRIBILOF ISLANDS: 13
CONCLUSIONS AS TO CONDITION OF ROOKERIES,

At the time of my inspection in July, 1894, the seal rookeries of the
Pribilof Islands, taken as a whole, were found to be in nearly the same
condition as in 1893. While the number of seals has slowly been dimin-
ishing, the decrease having continued even during the period when
Bering Sea was closed to pelagic sealing, no decrease. in general was
noticeable this year up to the date of my departure from the islands on
August 1. This is probably traceable to the cessation of sealing in the
North Pacific Ocean on May 1, 1894, or soon thereafter. During the
months of May and June the migrating seals become massed south of
the Alaska Peninsula as they move toward the passes through which
they enter Bering Sea, and avery considerable portion of the catch has
been taken annually in that region by the fleet of pelagic sealers. By
reason of the cessation of pelagic sealing on May 1 of the present year,
the seal herd was spared the excessive killing from which it has usually
suffered there in the past, and the rookeries, in consequence, presented
approximately the same appearance as at the time of my last examina-
tion. This was contrary to previous experience, aS an annual decrease
had always been observed during the several preceding years.

Circumstances affecting seriously the welfare of the seal herd arose,
however, before the close of the present season, necessitating a second
and later examination of the rookeries, which revealed an alarming
change in their condition. By the award of the Paris Tribunal of
Arbitration, Bering Sea, with the exception of a zone of 60 miles around
the Pribilof Islands, was opened up to pelagic sealers after August 1,
with the result of causing great destruction to the sealherd. The kill-
ing of over 31,000 seals belonging to these islands and consisting chiefly
of nursing females, was followed, necessarily, by the loss, through
starvation, of thousands of young seals upon the rookeries.

LOSS OF YOUNG SEALS IN SEPTEMBER AS A RESULT OF PELAGIC
SEALING DURING AUGUST.

After finishing the work of inspection upon the Pribilof Islands on
August 1, I cruised with the Albatross among the fleet of pelagic sealers
until September 9, when I landed again upon the islands to investigate
the loss of young seals, which was reported as becoming serious.

Thirty-eight vessels known tous, hunting just outside of the prohibited
zone, took 31,542 seals during the months of August and September,
these consisting for the most part of nursing females, which resulted in
the additional loss, by starvation, of the young seals thus left without
means of nourishment. Although sealing began on August 1, no dead
pups were noticed on the rookeries until about September 1, after which
time they were found in increasing numbers, and at the date of my
departure from the islands, September 13, careful examination had dis-
closed a loss of at least 9,000 pup seals, with a prospective loss of nearly
as many more found in an emaciated and exhausted condition. With
the assistance of Mr. Miller, the resident agents of the Treasury, and
Mr. H.C. Chichester, I counted 2,349 pups upon the following rookeries:

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

North rookery, September 9 and 10, Townsend and Miller (whole rookery).... 405
Starry Arteel, September 9, Townsend (whole rookery) ---.------------------ 305
East rookery, September 10, Townsend and Agent Ziebach (hill slope only)-- 18
Little East, September 9, Miller (whole rookery) ......---.------------------ 140
PRO UUIMCOMMECCL Me ae eta Sn and 2 Sas a hain Saye aratels Siayslataloiae sisle's'= 980

Zapadnie rookery and beach portion of East rookery not counted,

14 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Garbotch (or Reef) rookery, September 10 and 12, Townsend and Chiches-
tery (swestisideconly its eee Se yeh tte. oe oe ale eis shinee eee eeerer 492
Lagoon, September 12, Townsend, Chichester, and Treasury Agent Judge
Gwholerookery)yscse voce se Sect 6 sic c wieisininniny wr ersiatael oe arc sles meee 105
Tolstoi, September 12, Townsend, Chichester, and Treasury Agent Judge
(hilliandinearer beaches 2555 Srss hi S226 ek PS SA ep See eee 497
Lower Zapadnie, September 12, Townsend, Chichester, and Treasury Agent
Judvexquhole:rogkery))n-5-.¢ sic: *- =e cease sceis + cea ee eee 275

Motwveountede ese. fess eae kts sith eels Sete Sh URLS 2 Ree eee Re oS nS eae 1

Ou other rookeries showing a similar condition I compared the
uncounted area with that already counted, estimating the total loss as
follows:

WipnerngZapacinlepese sees eae iis atle Ss <incra see see lee eee wie we 350
Molstai@meounted portion)... 2... 43,4 alae eee eee ee 200
BRC Cie ene eee eee Sols fee scan nase Sina ota sie iu Sie wie by aisue tse rapa ta mee eres Ua ee eye! aval eat eee 1, 400
Wukannon and Ketavie 23s 2225 bss. elena td po oe ee eee aae eee ae ean eee 350
PolaviMa yess se seit coe Sali eek be ok 2s cl cls RO orate calor eee 550
DaititlesPolapp aia. os) jo Goku sis oh ws Se bre cie ls eee leases eaels ees sere /ae eee 100
Northeast Point (greatest of all rookeries) ......-.-..-....---+-------+-:----- 3, 000
Total St. Paul Island, estimate for uncounted area ............-.-.---- 5, 950

East Rookery (St. George. uncounted portion)........--....--.......---- 200

MAMANGIEN (SU GEORGE) aio ai. ocean cle 2 wie oie = oe tee aloe cto eee 450
Total St. George Island, estimate for uncounted area ...-.......-..-... 650
Motalkuncounted, both aslands.?-2....25>-seenedees oc ee sees eae 6, 600
Totalicounteds ibothislands: ..<.. ...~... oe seeee sess aesieeie eee enee 2, 349
Totalloss; both islands\.2. 22.) {Seek eo. nae o: 2 eee 8, 949

Persons familiar with the comparative area of the rookeries will see
how low these estimates are.

The bodies counted were those of pups that had died within ten days
or two weeks and were fresh, although greatly emaciated. No rotten
bodies, such as might have died during the breeding season from injuries
received on the rookeries, were included, although a limited number of
such were seen.

The attempt to count weak, emaciated pups was given up, owing to
the difficulty of separating any but the very weakest from the more
active and strong pups. Large numbers of starving pups were ob-
served, and they were, to the best of my belief, nearly as numerous as
the dead ones. In counting it was found necessary to pass over the
rookeries systematically, which resulted in clearing the section counted,
and driving most of the seals into the water or farther inland, accord-
ing to the direction from which they were approached. ATI adults and
active pups moved off in a body, followed by the less active and starv-
ing pups, there being occasional weak, tottering pups unable to do so.
These fell over frequently and seldom moved far. They were thin and
gaunt, and clearly starving. The majority of the pups were strong and
active and cows were observed everywhere suckling them. All dead
pups were confined to the regular breeding grounds and were evenly
distributed, indicating that they died near where their mothers had left
them,

Young seals are very fat and seem to endure a month or more of
starvation before they succumb. I have, from year to year, observed

‘4681 ‘YASW3LdaS ‘GNVISI INVd LNIVS ‘SdNd Iwas GaAuv1S

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 1

er

occasional young seals brought into the villages on the Pribilof Islands
to be raised as pets, but in no case have they fed, except wheh milk
was forced into them, and even then they did not live more than three
weeks. Young seals continue to live entirely upon their mother’s milk
until late in the fall. During my examination of the rookeries, from
September 9 to 13, 1 found the females suckling their young as com-

monly as they are ‘observed doing a month ear lier in the season. One
handsome albino pup, as large as any of the others, I secured as a nat-
ural history specimen. It was coffee-colored, with white flippers. It
was left upon a high rock, and finding, upon my return in the even-
ing, that two quarts of thick milk had run from its mouth, 1 photoes
graphed it. It weighed, after losing its milk, 183 pounds.

I dissected several dead pups, finding in all CE ses an almost complete
disappearance of fat from under the skin and an entire absence of food
of any kind in the stomach. Accompanying photographs of dead pups
illustrate, in a measure, the condition in which they were found, but
most of the photographs are unsatisfactory.

List of the charts showing the outlines of the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, July, 1894,'

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

NOEGREAST LOIN ti TOOKOLY ec saa sis eo = Se ae ee eee ae lara crater sips July 13, Chart A
RO LAVANATOOK OLY 2).h PRE eet ads AN IEE ESR IE UR Pah SOIC July 18, Chart B
Ketavie and Lukannon rookeries..-........-..-----.------++--+---- July 15, Chart C
meat andi Garbotchsrookemessqons5 ccs ha sss storie Sane a sae ease July 15, Chart D
Molstoizand Wa coon TOOKeLIES Nek —- <= 3) sees sae e eee Sterne oaioee July 17, Chart KE
Zapadnie and English Bay rookeries..............-...-----« July 14, Charts F and G
ST. GEORGE ISLAND
SAnEN EAT COO! LOOMED. PITT ALY Vee CRRA gee ee Lees RAT Ly SAN July 27, Chart H
Nont ber oo lee riya es a5 tS Se es hte IN en RUMEN SS NED Ey ee I Ne Se July 24, Chart I
Pasttandilittle,;Hast rookeriess... 2. eesces esses < see aeons cence July 20, Chart J
AA ACU EC IEO O KOT pace rape ca: | Grate cee gey soe ches epee va eer APs cal 2 July 27, Chart K

List of the photographs of the seal rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, taken in July, 1894, by
N. B. Miller and C. H. Townsend, showing the dates on which they were made. a

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Yr = | \f »
perraite | Date on | | Number | | Date on
Rookery. lestation. |) 0B a | which | Rookery. Station. | 0: P@ | which
| pe eeen | talcens [ieee taken.
view. view.
if | }
Northeast Point ---| 1..-...--. 1 Silky l3) || Wetavie: /../)..-..- } 1) July 15
"| 2 (north) | Th ebro ea Zl “Do;
2 (south) - 1 | Do. 4 Do.
| 2 | 8 Do. | 2 i Do.
eo! VRC ey [By Ane 5) Do.
Sy eou || | 5 Do.
2 Do. 2 Do.
1 Doz 2 Do.
Polaving. 224.2. - ‘ 2 Wow teCVolscoi= + ser -wset- 3 | duly 14
2, Do. | 2 Do.
2 Do. Lower Zapadnie. . ry Do
1 Do. 2 | Do.
6 | July 26 2 | Io.
Lukannon ......... 3 July15 | Upper Zapadnie..! 2 | Do.
2 Do. | 3 | Do.

} | | ! |

a This set of Tin ioraohie i not eeaneiieiod for alien ation, the accompanying series for 189), piel
ing more reduced condition of rookeries, being deemed suflicient.

— at FN AS - z — —— = —

d “This et or maps not transmitted for publication, the accompanying set for 1895,
showing more reduced area of rookeries, being deemed sufficient,

16 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.
List of the photographs of the seal rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, ete.—Continued.
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

S
Number Daten

| | Number | |
es | Date on } :
Rookery. | Station. | Of Plates | Which Rookery. | Station, | Of Plates | which
I | in each | in each
| | view. | taken. view. taken.
Pesea [asta £3 ers OP eee ee 2 £
|
Beat Re Gaeilge oI 2h Faly 24) eNorenae ed aaa Bune dace 1 | July 24
a ee | 2| Do. || any lind? 1) Dog
Little East.......-. Bye gee cens | 2 Dose) Dresaaceee 2 Do.
Worth t)SEees Je AIRES Ses 22 | 1 Do. i Starry Arteel...-.. UC s atewe Fe 2 | July 28
\ | H] |

OBSERVATIONS RELATIVE TO PELAGIC SEALING IN BERING SEA
DURING THE SEASON OF 1894.

INTRODUCTION.

The report herewith presented includes the results of observations
made at sea between August 1 and September 20, 1894, together with
certain data subsequently obtained at Victoria, Port Townsend, Seattle,
and San Francisco. The work at sea was carried on in connection with
the cruise of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross, at
that time detailed as one of the vessels of the Bering Sea patrol fleet.
The cruising ground assigned to the Albatross was to the westward and
southward of the islands, chiefly outside of the protected zone, but
trips were also made to the northwest and southeast of the islands.
During the cruise sealing vessels were boarded whenever met with, and
I accompanied the boarding officer at all times, for the purpose of
obtaining information in connection with their operations from day to
day. In addition to the data secured by the boarding officer, I copied
from the sealer’s log books all notes regarding the positions where
seals were taken, and examined all fresh skins not yet consigned to the
kenches.

The record of positions where seals were taken by Canadian vessels
is incomplete, as most of those vessels continued sealing for some time
after being boarded, while others were not met with. Similar data
obtained from American vessels at sea were finally secured in full after
their arrival at home ports.

Sealers were constantly questioned concerning sealing matters, and
statements made by them will be found in the following pages.

I have, under a separate heading, called attention to the effectiveness
with which pelagic sealing was carried on in Bering Sea by the 38 ves-
sels engaged init. It will be seen, after proper consideration of this
point, how very destructive to the life of this industry the presence of
a larger fleet would be. In my report for last year I pointed out the
loss of young seals that might be looked for upon the islands if a large
number of female seals were to be taken in Bering Sea during the
breeding season. This has bee borne out by the experience of the
past season, 20,000 being the lowest estimate that can be made for dead
pups, and we may confidently expect to see a still greater loss of this
kind next season if sealing is continued on the feeding grounds. The
results of the season’s pelagic catch in Bering Sea were already appar-
ent on the rookeries when I went over them from September 9 to 13,
and will be still more so when the annual examination is made next
July. The rookeries in their present condition can not lose 50,000 seals

“dvVddS ONIMOYHL JO GOHLAW SONIMOHS “S3ONVO ONITV3ES NVIGNI

ee

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Ve

in Bering Sea, in addition to the North Pacific catch, without such a
loss being perceptible.

As stated under the heading referring to the condition of the rook-
eries in 1894, the beneficial results of the cessation of sealing in May
and June were apparent on the seal islands in July. This would seem
to indicate that a respite of two months in addition to such protection
as was afforded by the modus vivendi, would be sufficient to keep the
seal herd in its present condition. We may also infer that any addi-
tional restrictions that might be placed on sealing in the North Pacifie
would count as a gain, and permit an increase in the herd in proportion
to the protection atforded, provided, of course, that there be no increase
in the size of the sealing fleet.

Accompanying this report are a series of photographs illustrating
some of the features of sealing with spears, and also a chart showing
the distribution of the seal herd on its feeding grounds in Bering Sea.

DATA OBTAINED FROM THE SEALING FLEET.

The following tables! contain the daily sealing data of the pelagic
sealing fleet in Bering Sea during August and September, 1894, giv-
ing the catch of each vessel, sex of seals taken, latitude and longitude
of each day’s operations, with more or less data on the crew, boats,
and hunters of each vessel. With exception of one vessel not yet
returned it is complete for the American portion of the sealing fleet.
The data for Canadian vessels are given for such vessels as I was able
to board in Bering Sea, The remainder having turned in their log
books to the collector at Victoria I could not complete the work when
{ went there.

A record of the daily operations of the pelagic sealing fleet, even in
part, yields new and valuable infurmation. It shows the number of
males and females at different distances from the Pribilof Islands, the
portions of Bering Sea most frequented by the seals, the exact number
of days during the season when the weather permitted of seals being
taken;? it is data upon which to base an accurate map of seal distribu-
tion during the breeding season, etc. These records, kept by the seal-
ers in accordance with the regulations put in force by the Paris award,
constitute the first accurate information of the kind and supply data
respecting the seals at sea, of which we have long been in need.

The daily records of the sealers should have been collected by the
custom-houses to which they reported, butit was neglected, and I have
had to search for them, as some of the discharged masters carried their
log books away with them, making it very difficult to collect the informa-
tion.

The eatch of the Canadian portion of the fleet in Bering Sea appears
to be 26,341. By questioning many of the sealers at Victoria I ascer-
tained it to be 26,312, which tallies very closely with the figures given
in the report of the collector at Victoria, 26,541. This number, plus the
American catch of 5,201, makes the Bering Sea pelagic catch of 1894
31,542, unless there were vessels sealing in Bering Sea of which we
have no knowledge, which is very doubtful.

There were 27 Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and only 11 American
vessels. The Canadian vessels hunting with Indian spearmen from
Vancouver and Queen Charlotte islands were very successful, while the

1 The tables referred to will be found appended to the report for 1895.
2 This is partly worked out in the tables following for August and September.

S. Doe. 137, pt. 2 2

18 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

American vessels, with the exception of two or three, made poor catches.
Sealing with spears in Bering Sea has therefore been profitable to Cana-
dian rather than American vessels.

In respect to the claim that Bering Sea weather is sufficiently unfavor-
able for sealing to afford the seals protection from excessive spear
hunting, the accompanying tables, although based on incomplete data,
show that there was only one day during the season, from August 1 to
September 21, when seals were not taken, and it is possible that when
all the data are accessible through exchange with Great Britain it will
be shown that seals were taken daily throughout the season.

-The same tables indicate that storms in Bering Sea are local in their
nature, vessels to the westward of the Pribilof Islands having been
hove-to, while others to the southward were making good catches.

COMMENT ON THE PROPORTIONS OF THE SEXES REPORTED BY
THE SEALING FLEET.

I have compared the proportions of the sexes of seals taken in Ber-
ing Sea by the Canadian and American fleets, and having considered
both in the light of depositions now in the possession of the Treasury
Department, made by London furriers, I can not admit that the propor-
tion of male and female seals reported by the vessels is correct. Ameri-
can sealers reported a greater proportion of females, and in no case
reported more males than females, as some of the masters of Canadian
vessels have done. The latter were sealing very close to vessels report-
ing from two to five times as many females as males. When I ques-
tioned the masters of the schooners Favorite, Walter Rich, Henrietta,
etc., as to their alleged greater number of males, their explanations tome
were that their seals were skinned in the canoes by the Indians, and
the pelts thrown on deck as they returned after dark, and that under
the circumstances they had no time to bother with inspecting skins
minutely as to sex. Such returns are unreliable, and there is no doubt
about the proportion of female seals taken by the Canadian fleet being
much greater than reported. This is borne out by the sworn state-
ments, now in possession of the Treasury Department, of Messrs. Mar-
tin and Teichmann, of London, as to the sex of seal skins derived
from the pelagic catch of 1894 in Bering Sea and the North Pacifie
Ocean. These gentlemen personally inspected some of the largest con-
signments of seal skins taken in 1894 and found 85 to 90 per cent of
them to be females.

Mr. Lupp, of San Francisco, a seal hunter of several years’ experi-
ence, informs me that the catch of 1,400 seals made by the vessel he
sailed with on the Japan Coast in 1892 consisted almost entirely of
females with young, there being less than 50 males in the entire lot,
and that of a catch of 1,100 seals taken by his vessel, the Louis Olsen,
in 1894, in the same region, all were females but about one dozen.

Mr. John Fanning, who cruised as a hunter with the schooners Denny
and Retriever, informs me that nine out of every ten seals taken on the
Japan Coast by him were females, and that when sealing off the Com-
mander Islands eight out of every ten were females in milk. I ques-
tioned other sealers on this point, eliciting similar statements.

In view of the above statements of London furriers, the statements
of masters of Canadian vessels as to the uncertainty of their method
of ascertaining the sex of each day’s catch, and the statements of Japan
Coast sealers as to the great proportion of females in pelagic catches,
to say nothing of our knowledge of the subject from results apparent

'b681 ‘YOSUYVH VINOLOIA ‘14474 ONINWVaES NVIGVNVO SHL JO NOILYOd V

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 19

on the Pribilof Islands, the returns of the Canadian sealers operating
in Bering Sea may well be questioned. They report but 14,636 females
in a catch of 26,341, while the American fleet reports 3,813 females in
a catch of 5,201—a much greater proportion. Not one American sealer
reported more males than females. One of them, the Deeahks—captain
and all hands being Indians—reported only 155 males in a eatch of
1,023, while seven Canadian sealers reported more males than females,
One Canadian sealer, the master of the Borealis, apparently without
guile, has come very near the truth in reporting only 90 males in a catch
of 1,059 seals.

IT ascertained upon inquiry at the custom-houses at Port Townsend
and San Francisco that the catches of but three of the American sealers
from Bering Sea had been examined by experts in furs to determine
the proportions of the sexes represented. These were the Therese,
Jane Grey, and Rose Sparks. The catch of the Louis Olsen, an American
sealer, landed at Victoria, was examined by my colleague, Mr. A. B.
Alexander, of the United States Fish Commission.

None of the others, either American or Canadian, were subjected to
such an examination, but their returns, as a whole, are still capable of
correction in the light of depositions by the London furriers, who
received and inspected the bulk of the pelagic catch.

The examination of the catches of the four vessels named above
shows the proportion of females to range from two-thirds to four-fifths
of theircatch. As to the catches of the Ella Johnson, Deeahks, Stella
Erland, Ida Etta, Columbia,and Allie Algar, that of the Deeahks has evi-
dently been faithfully recorded, while the others have at least placed
themselves on the safe side. Of the Canadian fleet, the Labrador,
Aurora, Mary Ellen, Walter Earle, San Jose, Beatrice, ete., reporting
from two-thirds to three-fourths females, are also on the safe side, while
the Borealis stands unique in reporting almost an entire catch of females
(only 90 males in a cateh of 1,149).

As to the Sapphire, Ainoko, Walter Rich, Favorite, Henrietta, etc.,
the less said the better. They are convicted of inaccuracy by their
own admissions. If there was intention to deceive as to the proportion
of the sexes in Bering Sea, discrepancies should have been guarded
against, as comparisons with the returns madeby the Borealis, Deeahks,
Walter Earle, etc., are damaging.

The proportion of females in the Canadian catch has not been repre-
sented in good faith, as it does not correspond with what the fur trade
know to be the actual conditions; with what nine sealers out of ten say
about the composition of pelagic catches in general, and with what we
known by count and observation to have been the loss of young seals
by starvation.

ABSENCE OF FEMALES FROM ROOKERIES AFTER AUGUST FIRST,
AND EASE WITH WHICH THEY MAY BE TAKEN AT SEA.

On August 1, 1894, just before leaving the Pribilofs on an extended
cruise on the pelagic sealing grounds, I examined two small rookeries
very carefully (Ketavie and Lukannoi), for the purpose of ascertaining
the proportion of females upon the breeding grounds. On that date I
estimated that about 80 per cent of the seals present consisted of males
and young, clearly indicating the great extent to which the females
were feeding at sea.

The cruising ground of the Albatross for the first week in August was
far to the northwest of the islands, where very few seals were seen. On
the 7th, just outside the protected zone and to the northwest of St.

20 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Paul, we found seals in abundance. The sea being perfectly smooth, I
went out in the dingey a few hundred yards from the ship and photo-
graphed several seals, showing their positions when asleep and awake.
The distance at which we were able to photograph them was from 30
to 40 feet. In the three-quarters of an hour 26 seals were counted.
Most of them were sleeping, and all were females, judging by size alone.
The photographs show the customary attitudes. Seals sleeping at sea
have little more than the nose, lower jaw, and hind flippers above water,
the fore flippers being raised occasionally as the animal scratches itself
or rolls slowly from side to side. The back is always down and deeply
submerged.

As arule sealing with spears is practicable only when seals are found
asleep, the ordinary spearing distance being 30 to 35 feet. To the fur
seal’s unfortunate habit of sleeping much at sea is chiefly traceable its
diminution, for it is at such times most readily approached by the pelagic
sealer and taken with guns or spears. The number of seals to be
observed asleep in Bering Sea is greater than elsewhere, the migration

Mp» —-—
ili

D
Sati

Se

. yn ae

5 oo obs )
: LaF a

4 :
Nie i = io, pene

Sleeping fur seals.

being over and the animals feeding at their natural habitat. It is a
well- imown fact of natural history that breeding male seals do not leave
the rookeries during the breeding season, and that young pups can not
leave the immediate vicinity of the islands until they depart on their
first migration southward.

From the almost constant presence on the hauling grounds of the
nonbreeding males, it is also well established that they do not leave the
islands to any oreat extent. The females alone constitute a class that
feed at long distances from the islands during the breeding season.
Their excursions in search of food extend over 200 miles, and com-
mencing soon after the birth of their young are continued to the close
of the season. There can be no doubt but that the nursing females are
the most constantly exposed of any class of seals to the destructive
methods of pelagic sealing in Bering Sea, and that their capture during
the breeding season is, of all the agencies tending toward the diminution
of the seal herd, the one most to be deplored.

SLEEPING FUR SEAL. USUAL POSITION. AUGUST 7, 1894, BERING SEA.
( Floating back down, with hind flippers turned forward. Photographed at distance of 35 feet.)

FUR SEALS JUST AWAKENED, AUGUST 7, 1894, BERING SEA.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 21

The opening of Bering Sea to pelagic sealing has proved the most
fatal of all the provisions of the Paris award.

EFFECTIVE METHODS OF THE SEALING FLEET.

The effectiveness with which pelagic sealing may be carried on in a
circumscribed hunting ground like Bering Sea may be more clearly set
forth by directing attention to the number of hunting boats engaged
during the past season. The sealing fleet consisted of 38 schooners,
carrying from 6 to 20 boats or canoes apiece—the average number being
about 12. The boats hunted in all directions, frequently going 10 miles
away from the vessels to which they belonged, the hunting areas of the
different schooners thus overlapping at times. I have often spoken
canoes 8 miles from their schooners. Pursuing seals in this systematic
way, 38 vessels carrying somewhat more than 450 boats, took 31,542
skins in six weeks, notwithstanding the fact that many of them were
late in reaching Bering Sea from the Japan coast, and left early on
account of having their North Pacific catches on board, for the purpose
of being early in market, on account of the impatience of Indian hunt-
ers already wearied with the long Japan coast cruise, lack of provisions,
or for other reasons.

THE USE OF SPEARS.

Of the Canadian fleet in Bering Sea, all but six schooners carried
Indian hunters from Vancouver and Queen Charlotte islands. These
natives have been taking seals off their own shores with the spear from
time immemorial, and it was a fatal mistake on the part of the Paris
Tribunal to underestimate the efficiency of spears in such hands, a fact
doubtless well known to those having charge of the British side of the
case.

The spear used during the past season is very similar to that figured
by Scammon twenty years ago in writing of pelagic sealing by these
natives.! ‘lhe spear pole is 12 to 14 feet long, pronged, with two detach-
able barbed iron spear points, secured by a 30-yard line, the end of
which is tied to the boat. When a seal is struck the barbed points
slip off the pole, the latter being recovered after the seal has been pulled
alongside the canoe and clubbed. Seals fight vigorously at such times
and seldom fail to leave permanent marks of their sharp teeth on boats
and canoes, while large bulls are very dangerous to handle.

. Pelagic sealing is altogether impracticable for our own Aleut natives,
their light skin-covered bidarkies not being constructed to withstand
such attacks as wounded seals make with their teeth.

CHANGE OF FEEDING GROUNDS.

The fur seal changes its feeding grounds in Bering Sea from year to
year. The changes appear to be quite marked, and are doubtless
dependent on the food supply. The pelagic catch for the summer of
1894 was made chiefly to the southeast of the Pribilofs, the rest of the
catch being made south, southwest, west, and northwest of the islands.
A small proportion only were taken along the border of the plateau. 4

Capt. J. W. Todd, of the sealer Rose Sparks. states that in 1889 he
found seals plentiful to the northeast of the Pribilofs, and moderate
numbers were to the northwest and southeast. In 1887, when sealing
with the schooner Lilly L., he found the herd chiefly to the southeast,
taking 197 seals in two days.

| Marine Mam., Scammon, p. 159.

22 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Captain McCauley, of the sealer Beatrice, found seals plentiful 250
miles to the westward of the Pribilof Islands in 1891. Captain McLean,
of the sealer Favorite, also reports a great abundance of seals to the
westward of the islands in 1891 (latitude 56° 50’, longitude 173° 30’), ten
canoes taking (with guns) 972 seals in three days.

Captain Guillams, of the sealer Louis Olsen, having in former years
found seals in greatest numbers to the westward of the Pribilofs,
eruised persistently in that portion of Bering Sea during the past
season, taking only 84 seals.

Many other sealers confidently expecting to find the bulk of the seal
herd to the westward of the Pribilofs cruised there at the opening of
the past season without success, but later made good catches to the
southeastward.

While engaged in pelagic sealing investigations with the United
States revenue cutter Corwin in 1892 fur seals were plentiful to the
westward of the Pribilofs, the cutter Rush, cruising to the east at the
Same time, meeting with very few.

NOTES ON THE FOOD OF SEALS.

Captain Todd says the food of seals taken near the mainland consists
largely of salmon, and that this is true of the Japan and Copper Island
sealing grounds as well as of the North American coast.

Captain Magnesen, of the sealer Walter Harle, reports the seals taken
on August 25, 1894 (latitude 56° 13’, longitude 172° 44’), as feeding on
salmon.

Capt. S. Balecom, of the sealer Walter Rich, reported taking salmon
oceasionally from the stomachs of seals speared in Bering Sea in
August, 1894.

Capt. H. F. Siewerd, of the sealer Mascot, in 1894, collected the
stomachs of three seals, containing pollock apparently, at the following
position: Latitude north 56° 10’, longitude west 171° 45’; August 28,
latitude north 58° 01’, longitude west 173° 29’; latitude north 58° 02’,
longitude west 172° 45’, September 8.

Captain Siewerd writes that other seals opened at the first position
contained nothing but squid, and at the second position cod and squid;
but it is possible that the fish observed were pollock, which closely
resemble cod.

Contents of the stomachs of 33 fur seals! taken during the month of
August, 1894, at distances varying from 100 to 140 miles west and
northwest of the Pribilof Islands, along the border of the plateau,
collected by A. Bb. Alexander, with the schooner Louis Olsen, show
the following:

Sex.
| Latitude Longitude ee | : ; 3 ey
Date. Sa eat AA Contents of stomach.
° ! ° J |
Aug. 4} 57 50 WS 484 4 | Fish, much digested, apparently pollock.
6 58 30 173° 56 y Nowe Do.
6| 58 30 173) (56), 1 hes ..| Pollock or cod, with one-half dozen squid; beaks small.
7| 58 30 173 56 1 | 18 | Fish, much digested, apparently pollock.
7 | 58 30 ney sj) Aes Full peck of red-tleshed fish resembling salmon; bones not
| determined.
10; 58 27 172 46 ]....| 1 | Fish, digested, probably pollock.
Md fe 57/142) 172) 52))- 2. -) 222.) Pollock.
|

1 Fifteen stomachs containing fish bones were saved for further examination, others
thrown away.

‘

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ONITMM faqdgvd ! SNOT SGYVA Of SNIT HLIM SLNIOd YV3SdS DNIHOVLSG ‘310d YVSdS GSLNIOd-31dNOG ONIMOHS “3ONVO DNIIVSS SO YALNNH NVIGNI

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 23

Mr. Alexander reports the seals taken by the Olsen to have been
feeding on pollock, whenever identification was made with certainty.
Several seals were speared in the act of eating pollock, the fresh rem-
nants making identification certain. During the cruise large cod were
taken at sealing stations in depths of 60 and 70 fathoms, and were so
abundant that the decks could have been filled with them, although
the stomachs of the seals taken contained pollock. The stomachs of
the cod contained starfish, prawns, squid, jelly-fish, and a few small
fishes; nothing of the kind being found in the stomachs of seals taken
at the same positions. Some of the cod weighed 30 pounds, the aver-
age being 9 pounds, while an examination of the fish eaten by the
seals shows the fish to have been of the size of pollock or smaller.

It would appear that the seals taken by the Olsen were feeding near
the surface.

PROBABLE USE OF FIREARMS IN SEALING DURING SEASON
OF 1894.

In regard to the surreptitious use of firearms in Bering Sea, I have
to state that conspicuous blood stains were noticed on several rookeries
between September 9 and 12, 1894, both by the Treasury agents and
myself, and indicated the presence of wounded animals. Ina few cases
dead seals were found. The blood as noticed in a dozen or more of
places was spattered upon the rocks from the beach well back into the
rookeries, leaving distinct bloody trails, with occasional bowlders well
stained where the animals had paused. The stains were fresh, although
being rapidly effaced by moving seals and wet weather.

\

DEAD SEALS FOUND (ALL ADULTS).

North rookery, 1 female; Starry Arteel, 1 female; Garbotch, 1 male
and 5 females; Tolstoi, 3 females; Zapadnie, 1 male and 2 females;
total, 14.

The carcasses on Zapadnie were comparatively fresh, the others had
been dead probably three weeks. From the fact of these carcasses
being in the rookeries and rubbed and fouled by seals constantly erawl-
ing over them, I could not determine the presence of gunshot marks.
T have left out of the above count three rotten carcasses found on Gar-
botch, that apparently died early in the season.

Mr. A. B. Alexander reports that while cruising with the Louis Olsen
firing was heard from the vessel on August 10 during foggy weather,
and that the hunters reported hearing guns constantly while out in the
boats the same day. The crew are of the opinion that the firearms
were being used for sealing, although nothing was seen.

The hunters of the Favorite reported in Unalaska on August 27 that
they heard firearms in Bering Sea on several occasions. When I
boarded the Walter Rich in Bering Sea September 6, the captain
reported having speared a seal on the 5th freshly wounded with buck-
shot.

Reports of a similar character came to our ears at times during the
season. The patrol fleet found it impracticable to search vessels at
sea—nothing more than a cursory examination being possible under
the circumstances. If guns are to be prohibited, sealing vessels should
be searched at the Unalaska wharf, or some other favorable place
where there is a possibility of overhauling their cargoes in an effective
manner.

24 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Fur-seal catch in Bering Sea in 1894.

[From official sources.]

AMERICAN VESSELS.

Vessel. Males. | Females.} Total. Remarks.
Sako hnsOnee teehee sae cece sae cece ee | 322 892 | 1,214 | Entered at Port Townsend.
DMeeahikis seta. -acesar eecsecisceceasisaaceerecmdiae 155 868 1, 023 Do.
Stellaybirlandee tees cases sccces ceccicc secs = 219 542 761 Do.
Va aahttaeeeas sae ee eee c ane oceesteeesoe~ 204 532 736 Do.
Colnmbiaee vase eee eerie oie eatbnis es aeiseeiet 180 223 403 Do.
AllionAlcarsstyscrsoe teens casce sees ee soees 128 199 327 Do.
PHOT ESOS sor ee eae ote seis aie seis go we stelatStaia 81 237 318 | Entered at San Francisco.
ROS ONS DALEK Bete eer tete cal y cis afore ateicye aiaiate ciciwinie = a/ake 37 160 197 Do. ‘
Veins) (Cink scdcuss senanuqgeooscecsouToogeaponeE 46 92 138 Do.
I OuIsOIsenbememaneneene ies teen cat oes cen cane 16 68 84 | Catch landed at Victoria.
[oreo cs | eA
MRotaleamecceme tere aoc clnss sees et essen 1, 388 3,813 || 5,201
CANADIAN VESSELS.

Vessel. Males.|} Females.| Total. Vessel. Males. | Females.| Total.
Pniump he. sees) =: 1, 163 DOT Ni dy 240) |) Henriettaes-ie laser 427 340 767
Sapphire -aseeee eas 1, 226 S79) 2 e105) | Rim eniyierses 22-1 307 327 634
Annie Moore ..-....--. 938 4,009; |" 15,947 | (Saucy ass on oe 290 378 668
VASIN OK OM elas eieintcicteratesare 1, 092 565 W657. Miascotiees-cctceso-see 299 246 1, 103:
Minnie essacecccsece- 679 986 | 1,665 || Mary Ellen........--.. 105 352 457
Walters Rich mesccssicee: 1, 000 749 1,749 |) Rosie Olsen........--. 425 431 856:
Mavoullessssseeaecres sec 752 488 124 OW PVienabeeecesaeeee saecce 80 115 195.
Beatrichaa-o-ea=sce a=. 342 BLS Ty le1GON | PAurOTaeesosee sence 79 138 217
Katherinelecwssten sess 490 569M 1059) VAmietista. secc.ctiee ees 39 52 91
WemtUTOM ese ci eccer 417 492 909) || (Shelbysece-ceacceascer 323 145 377
AOE ee ete kossasse 303 564 867. || Teresalte ccs: occa oasacelooern so lpeneeeeeee 2670
San(sios@s=-ecesa-se-2o: 256 593 749)||\elWuaibradormeceresece see 179 381 560
SHAW eeeie -ietoc iets isiies= cles 310 336 646) |sUimbrinaeesseseecee 30 30 60
Walter Earle .........- 155 517 672 jo eee
Borealisies-s42,5545--22 90 1,059 | 1,149 Motall 3 ssssece: 11, 705 14, 636 | 26,341

TOTAL CATCH, AMERICAN AND CANADIAN, IN BERING SEA.
Males. | Females.| Total.
PAINOTIG As meee eerseiis seis assisieleleciae es meio cassia oesieie be & sles elem teen 1, 388 3, 813 5, 201
CORMACK Connd Goons Cobos SO0SOD CSOD SEE Ob ENO ROCCO FOR AOEEE HeseuEconuuctocs 11, 705 14, 636 26, 341
TTS Maselcts ceicjlc eM NE en RCA OD SEU 13,093 | 18,449] 31,542

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Fur-seal catch of Canadian vessels for 1894.

[From official sources. ]

25

Crews. Catch.
1 British Bering Sea. fl
Vessels. Tons. : Tai \(Celeaa Japan- Moonee 8 Total.
White. : ese ;
ans. bia Island.
coast coast Male. | Female.
Enterprise -.....---.----- 69 PP Noo doeelasaacoue 1, 254 BAD Beara ere| ecleteiatateae 1, 568
Rosie Olsen ..--..--------- 39 6 1@ 52haSoc TAC By eco ee 425 431 1, 899
MWpmibrinacwes--\ececaers == 99 DOR einetisees| sache ese 2, 588 153 30 30 2, 801
Oscar and Hattie..-.-...--- 81 Da Resets aa] sjsede oc 1, 733 7G) \eteroje\er|eeemien cee 1, 909
TOOT agp een Seaber SUcoeoe 150 IK!) ee ese hee poscemes 1, 961 CRE BBagesad Boaacosse 2, 394
Brenda: sceeese--e sasesani 100 DGii|efereicisieyo al (= s/s star 2, 383 BY Bee endttod aabnooene 2, 726
PAU GIS oie ala =i lini = 86 24 \abare Sceigcaase$ nhs A eee 39 52 1, 288
(AR) poses sosaanosncsaeT 63 PPA Naaeoccod lacuacene MS OAC eeterste sets rere rere aietell seteoree oe 1, 926
Dora Siewerd .-.----.-.---- 24 PO N6es Gebalesodacos Pe |b aoneaeal bosses boakdasoe 2, 584
Walter A. Earle.......-.- 68 8 D0 ewes AAT ereerereratet 155 517 2, 143
TIESWAN Sc sosqncsnseeocesees 159 6 Te saemocd OU erator 310 336 1, 557
Agnes Macdonald..-....- 107 Pi Secmaacabosscoac 1, 707 file | terete vsteisia le eroleseeere 2,178
Ang 2. Js All a aeeeoeceencor 99 DY Ae a ereead aeee ace MMOL ee eesmteales srincica| cclacen ser 710
wignnenil ssGesesodoaccsoue 73 PIs \oecsocd|soaenods 1, 603 BOSH eioteletote fais |omtsiemeer 2, 108
City ot San Diego.....-.-- 46 MGil\Psaaseopllassonese 1, 304 4) |Soonscea|s5eocce A 1, 554
Many. Daylor os -\-------- 43 1) |Eanoneodlacoecces 874 Mit) Nebate dadsaobsesAe 1, 124
ILS Cees Resse BeRee CEcoEe 93 Doe cela laine 1, 010 QD0M ae steraias lcattoeietey 1, 210
Maye Bellone. -<\5- coe -=r2 = 58 1 eee ere Se noercd 925 Wf lotions see |oremererante 1,122
Mary Ellen...-.--.------.- 63 OH) Heneeene Hacdesce 1, 909 86 105 352 2, 452
Ware toeer eek cs asus oe 92 Ti copie | Rt aera FIG 7/2 aaa coe reesei ene 1, 437
Wire Styward. ==. sce 60 PAY ena soa eeeoaae 606 BH) pesaceecdisqbodece 2 641
iRencloperesss--=25-=5->.- 70 PA Be aarse aeeeeeee 1, 3806 PDH acoonbellcmasess 1, 602
Git) oh shoes Sooeposoasepe 60 GT eee acai Gresser WHOTS) asec hr 80 115 1, 270
Carlotta G. Cox 76 Dae kes ealeammanrer Te Oe a aersnorclsaaaenaess 1, 947
Triumph 98 8 SGU MaINS 20H eens tesa 1,163 | 2,077 | 4,560
Oporee see ets eee 86 DA ay eapearseetes| Sie yay 1,014 628h | Fetes a ecaetece 1, 637
E. B. Marvin 96 BY ees | eva | 2,118 |-.------|-2-52--2|-5.-2---- 2,118
Sapphire 5 109 8 32 CRIA Screed Econ sis 1, 226 879 2, 640
Annielh paints. 2seesens: 82 S63 (hurts ines | 1,497 Soul seacoast oases 2, 028
Gene Videos sion eee ats 92 74 ee cece 1, 092 DOS ereretstwtaielliste wrelsteteraye 1, 650°
JUG ARE ASS pSseEoreoaee 63 hile cos eet rl Seater eters } 1,102 TZUN Seeioarea| eae scare 1, 222:
Sadie TRurpels 22. 2.524 56 PUPA Wepre sen | at Sse et | 1,783 LTA es oes eee 1, 954
Ocean Belle .-.......--.-- 83 Op GH Se as or} (eas Beara 530 TAGS cetersleteel «ictenaieyetete 804
IE a een 97 YL Ns eae (at a a 1, 343 Gil ee pea ne eee a 1, 429
PAMITOLS seecicice esses seers 41 POs ee OAS eae | 693 21 79 138 931
Florence M. Smith. ..---. 99 Taek ts wale tiers coe 96 SIN ate sexyerel| ne seers 177
IBOathiCe mete. s< 52s = 66 5 22 OSU aoe a eellienererele 342 818 1, 518.
IMasCObisesc- =... -245saee == 40 4 UG ede ee DD OM| ereraietatats 299 246 1, 103:
SHS VOLIUO fie /-/= screeners = 180 5 37 GG esate clEsasaee 752 488 1, 846
Annie C. Moore.......... 13 8 37 BUD |escceeadlesceesce 938 | 1,009 | 2, 256
(Ua pT adorn.) -5-.- 2. seee Ss: 25 5 14 BUS besomelsellonesause 179 381 868
Wanderers: .:\..-seeeess: 25 2 7 A OOM eeeh Satta selenite lioeecice cial seater 400
Bioneer case) 523 saeeee 66 AA eae agp seea es TDG 3H HEIs an: eee Sader 1, 681
Saucy Masse: |. Sage: 38 7 17 DP ZOM Seeeee uals weer 290 378 838
Borealis eee sc: : 2 --ceeese 37 6 20 BOB See seeee fe su ceees 90| 1,059} 1,452
Katharine... -- es. -- 82 61 26 PAs), aeeasoos|bononeor 490 569 1, 328
PNINIOK Os cele ic) es 2 eee 75 5 22 ABTA Aiea ett Sejeeeciee 1, 092 565 2,124
Wate es Sacer cea = sarees 58 5 20 EO) aes a orev lleisiowiete vere 303 564 946
helbyesssse sl. os <= eee 16 5 10 BAe eee te TA carers cclere 232 145 411
WenbUTG ces. -=- sees 48 3 A eleeee eal asc assenliasesiwalee 417 492 909
Walter L. Rich. -..-25.-.- 76 9 25 Git Resececdalleccoeuce 1, 000 749 2,440
Mountain Chief ..----.-.-. 23 1 13 i7Gy KeSBeS acReeARecolleeeadansoadoonoc 175
misher Maidiss 0: eases. Oy ll (aA eS 8 Da eee tesa eee AR eects BS aac 92
Minnienessaiseis2-seeeeeas 46 6 20 ASR | ee ee ertosscte 679 986 2, 153
SAM OSE) Aca - ee == selene 31 5 14 Ohana eee ke ade 256 593 869
Kelmeny Sos .- 252 eens = 19 2 OG ess Soe ame es, on | emen sa 307 327 684
Menwiettalesesc.-.sseeees 31 5 17 Biba Weer era lie eet 427 340 1, 082
CHD Rand) 2... .-..ceeee = 51 7 22 Callus ae eal ee ee emeaeend lsocodtene 357
IBSAbICe ne ten i ocs se Seer 49 DA ies aes le cee wea Tp 708) ees Sallbertoonos|boecodcar 1, 703
Canoe catch by Indians..|-.-..-..]--------|-------. BVEE) elods dl aaanee a langceseq Goencaces | 3,989
To tiles = ardor se 3, 866 888 518 | 11,703 | 48,993 | 7,437 | 11,705 | 14, 636 | 94,474
|
Description. } 1894. | 1893.

METAB ETIOGRVEHSELS ee eet area eile einteiooseie aielninioteie(e eis cis leisias/sicjeratate)aie cts ,-/= ic sjeieia’ete.elminim 59 | 55
OSS TAR ITI OVAT LLG CTO Cy See eee eee eee er eee erecta aia cleteee eles cisterciareipiayevevele eiaiz\=i= 818 | 847
Duleyn Ti ORGAO ENS ha ses OB EES Oe OEE L COCO CORO SECO SOTO COS ESE eC eRCReSCr a pooe aneracs 518 432
anise @olumbiarcoast cabehaeneteeaae see cic cies ceca seo oars seiataic laine winicls wisiwlewielaicie wieie « 11,703 | 29, 118
JPA, CORA CIO Dad ocdaaseueeb oso sade ln Cos cHpSenose con sec Sur oeeceBep dono mn peonack 48,993 | 29, 206
Goppenlslanadk catches a cece oceans caeie cis <lieratelam ayeiniel sieieidiniaie wise wlejalncieini=/sl0 «1s, s'e\2\=/~ 7,437°| 12, 013
PB EmeM SCA CC has oeemteye eles este ae eis fesaie te elnino cial iacisainsicteie e/aj-yeiaeletaininre: = == ole =!ninle/eininlelnie 26, 341 |.-------
BMFea Gul lany aL TSUEAy GACH ae eels os eee a yarelenore ce ote ete icicte a tente el mtmta stele mie cie/=lelal= = =in/e1= 94,474 | 70,332

EE i TP I ee ane EEE

26 * SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Fur-seal catch of American vessels for 1894.

[Prepared by A. B. Alexander. ]

Northwest; Japan Copper | Berin
Vessel. coast. coast. | Islands. e aa Total,
PAU EON ae eee ne ane eeero i etatet sete ia eraaaicine ace Aes lenieecc|ME Baek eaeine 1, 185) |bis2sa2- sen oer eee 1, 185
Aillexander er sccaseeeete sca nentec es cict ccmlcaceeb cles cele] steak eiccisr iN ee eaeeco ed lascosias- 810
IA MAIC ONG aie mares a sere Sele ie mieicre tala a ois) ciaraya a ave /siais o/s are wracel| ererwiateie oriole BS eecmeeenrid womotee 397
PASH rae Matilde oe eee eaters oe wy Seah a cloie Saeie's epeinil esiciarateletetejere [f- EM Go BReneees isasoe)- < 785
JAVING Ib AUG O35 46 2 Sod guas nec anndo -son econ Ee Ses O00 |SseaooKssac Hy 3950 | Been eee 327 1,722
JRO Mh Sooo Sebo den SCRUB OOOO OREO OCC Cerner eaCHas Cesc see Saer Ds 7245 |e aoe. eel ee eee 1, 724
BO WO AG ey eee eet acre sie a aeiaale levers derelaise nin els clelaje a 'scinsiseictelsleie ae yl Seaeeeresc o- esse. 1, 407
COP GABA IT OH ee city een erste aoc o sieiesieleiei| sees eeitivenis 936) eas ta ic.<'0i55 meee 936
Hr ara die lois weyers aeieineiere oclerie sistas tae nine wisi acie'sinia)|emioweis eer 1,166: |522....-/Senlpeseseee 1, 166
IDM S05 AA Usa eodeseqdenansnoouess saosepebedacos | GM loosoasinced|-sseccoa+- Weaasoae 66
TOON ye as be Sdoogs spp pronsocdaceeobesenpsgeccs |eaen eeceee 15.080) i205... 225 |/Seeee eee 1, 080
HidiwardehiWiepsterie-incats-cl-- scien ecicceee HN ieee | Rela Seabctarse 1650) |b cee occ] ee eee 1, 650
IN, IOMMEGNS 360 a0 ac Cases ones dace cecesneEonseenscos Vhajaiajeit winters satel| Sint ats raters teisimtaopetsy ats 1, 214 1, 214
Etre ee ee ere eters beats ole me ecyereta ak Stelle oie Sicie'e ses seals | 5. eexiSuids end Pe cele nccra eee eee 5
Geombe abo iver sare eects sttemai«\+1s)5/sicle(s\sieleleie e Sie'+ esiniajo |aoocconeden 28 Pelee, <ioi= eel See eee 231
UCONN AIbe yee tnisoe ce ok mrecta suite nene icaite Salas | 80 | eases ce dleonee ats eee 80
186 (Ch INN eens ond tonecogdaddeeoe sso daseaaeeseossE PACER oocore 3260) [Oo <in\-.s.24| see 326
Henry ADenni ste eeme ce ssa ee tcc soso ane nsisecewehiep | 6 | 855.0 secmcee Slee eee 861
Ver Man ee sececseais sisen aise sisisis ae incis Sots a Sicn wisisieeispisievis |eoeeceseeee 968 324 ||. - ease 1, 292
ae Gaeta ee ee siayae eralaibise niclzjctaieleilaldinig a weele sceSiele } P26 ewes eeees eseneese 736 862
JG (Ghee adhe acadasedcadaSeaasoecaduoCeseUeDSeEre leave prota eclarats UV 155: |e e.: jpaare 138 1, 293
Ca Ge Ran CACM ine pee ee Senco ete sleet te etevetcle sisic/e teres | 15 672) Vee aac 687
OTIS SL) eee tae oe ee cetera ote: osclelateicle) Seis ec cine ase 15 | 1,600) (e552: es ees 1, 615
MF OUTST OMS emieerccsseceancticeie cnc c/=ceeisis eS einieee disitieiss ledasaancake nba fal ee eeorese 84 1, 281
eT OR eee er tateyas crm ctateleteie =< wis wicloSisiclomate nie, As aie sella Sloreyere ea = 594 Shi cies eyers 678
VORG MAG) 44 4 sis obeesaoucoosnc aod onc cocDodsUooGeod eoaeaocone TS ON Beer etree Heer eecloe 150
WiGiay Isl IUAOMAR Os oo cob esdscocueduopeccoecedcncoracoog rascog BE Seu coseadonod|sascosesoc:oocosadoo~ ces oc
VIA CO TC Meee eee ela jale elaeiatelalsiel mira) al-l-iclainie= (als e/a/n\=/a\elelale JaacodsaqaNc DED SseocesMcnoscsans 535
Wieninnie 4th ID We SUL ee sec oo oe nese eeoroes SeBabeErore emcees 862 PA Wales eee al | Ty
Minune wana OT setae aint ace intelnicicternte sieie=feraiwielnie /sreiaye Vente saieiaapelaic 215 fal SSE Ae Stieciconc, 857
Rene lope meres emncitaaatis osstieleie acieinie sie i=/y-ise'wieleie mini ae | inlets siete ielele 656 Ice. psa oe ereenetete 656
PERPOSCO Ube eisteenicinie oo tect iocide Saleteve’e (circle «nis siecle |--2-------- 325 102))| sa Seanee 427
IR AHIEOPS 4 Sone Age Sdee CoLCde Banoo UGdOSEREeOnOBEESce 1, 498
IBEW S Sood sata Scenosadadsé co daoodeeatoseneaeuerssdos ‘ 1, 155
INGE) SHOE .5 Sos Soo echascaousocdaros Bose noaeoBsorser : 617
SR Cap etd Uy eae ee iets ieee Bence ninle Se eiele wicicinveiseystaavuiers | 36
Sophia Sutherland 1, 788
Sra IDNO ROG) ao caolsosoaue lod SogeooeEos Hack SeBEEeeoonee | 600
Sroellaph rlan Gd eee tes asieplesieiciisteeicic wise > slsicieio's eats aici Eee en bets crcl ocho ci 761 761
PROLES Belen Soe payeisy tate aloe isie aos era ee no eisieisinjaiwiaie sects <o.0 1d lee einaichae tavern G86) |e 2st este 318 1, 004
IWolumtee reer aie eia ise as =in ciacis diets etaleiea le oelalsiere Saisics ete | 100.) steer eel ac -.<ccrtenle epee 100
WalllardeAtins worthy: sists sais ceases isnt aisisisiasinisiane|~ cmos Semin 893 201\icenseee 1, 094
WMMGIIGSIGE snore socdtebgoOpObOOdr (BOBOUEH UNC CHE EsEsEd| ssanpasqaar
PAC AGUIBE CP eae eemeicitoeiscicc sis sincisieinscisie wemiaetciees -aogu
ORTHO cobcdé nonodoboctiopoetade sueudodubooUbEoeUaEE |
CC; Perkins e225. -.:- a) a a ac ES TP a H
PES AINK Sere eee eerie aie cae cis elole timiniaime elaine cl Seine/s.cln eine
MDS h Career ee ee intaoie eieiass sierclatcteieidiwie sa Aes cides wena
SHOMIL Zetec ee eam ie sciee ole ciciviiscobiewtewiciccle se acssniets
James G. Swane
SOD RIN aay see ealaeaeyaleie stalate a/raialaieveaia/ereie{ahe i= cine @\= oi= =\nlafs |
ER O La B as ae a antetstate aia siete cininrelelbicicic oisicieiacsieie Hie, ors, siete
a This vessel not yet returned. c Lost; 535 skins taken; none saved.
b Lost; number of skins not known. d Lost; skins not saved.

eIndians from Neah Bay.

Sea Lion P&*

Vary tin

Phote Sta 25
17h, Saly 26

id
4
443

Se Oe PheleShl
Date of examination July 24 IPH Maiy 2

er

U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
NORTHEAST POINT ROOKERY

S: Paul Island, Bering Sea.
Showing urca occupied ty Fur Seale in 1895,
as determined by
C,H, Townsend, Assistant.

- Scale’ Des, ey a

INDEX CHART

Arca disturbed from wme to time by seals haulig, 4 ‘3
Saunt or uraforim grass. to wae

B Dor 437 041

Base Map prepared by Joxeph Stantey- Brows.

Base Map prepared by Joseph Stanley-Brown.

INDEX CHART

THE NONAIS PETENS CU. PHOTO-LITHO. WASHINGTON o ©

Photo Sta 2%
1Ph asty 24

U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
POLAVINA ROOKERY

S Paul Island, Bering Sea.
Plc OE Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895,
Pl, July 24 as determined by
C, H, Townsend, Assistane.

aaa Scale = 528 ft--lindh. Seach

Gontour interval approximately itt

Unidistizry hed area -mited vegetation’.
ea disturbed from time to time by seats hauling,
scant or unrur mn grass.
ia) Breeding Grounds.
—~—— Hauling i
Date of examination July 24

8 Doc /37_ 541

teen me

} :
a
mt
Po

a

nea | Lea Fe

INDEX CHART

Bare Map prepared by Jouph Stanloy- Brown

a

U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
REEF & GARBOTCH ROOKERIES.
S‘ Paul Island, Bering Sea.
Shining area occupied by Fur Seals in 1896,
as determined by
C. H. Townsend, Assistans.
Se. 6.
nes’ _ x Beale: 598 £C.~Lindy. ainda 970
ns :
Contour intervaL approximately 10 ito.
Unidistur bed. area - mixed vegetation.

Area disturbed from time wo time by seals hauling.

soap .
oruniurm grass ey ais

GD Breeding Grounds.
--—— Hauling «
Date of examination July 21

Zharems

Proto. St. 17
SP Suly 20

INDEX CHART

[EDR Breeding Grounds.
- Hauling“
Date of examination July 23

U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
TOLSTO! AND LAGOON ROOKERIES 1268 fomases eh whole
ly 10

rookary
S' Paul Island, Bering Sea.
Shonving area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895,
as determined by
C. IL, Townsend, Agsisant.

352 8ft.-linch.

Photo Sta 27
2P%, July

I Silas 2 vane ve

9, =m

anna,
oe anthem
ecghey eh =? apn rmiine e ,
ley
eee
i, Pro \« 7
7] 1 wae ] ty . '
fi oe
A

eee
SEN SasAy

paisa

il

Tomi sg
s + P thet

3 eat
ae ee

2 4 AAD at aay : ae 2 au ;

INDEX CHART

Pore Va7-2 Pt, Suty 20
eries.

U. S. Commission of Fish and Fish

uw

AND
ENGLISH. BAY.

St Paul Island, Bering Sea.
Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895,
as determined by
C. H. Townsend, Assistane,
of examination July 20

ZAPADNIF: ROOKERY

(NY) Breeding Grounds,

~~—— Hauling

Date

ed Unidisturbed area, mined yegetatior.
Area disturbed trom timew wmne by seals haulirig,

Joseph Stanley-Brown

Base Map prepared by

ie fl

oo i ‘ter oe
: rt

a uel) toe: awh

wv) > bd ; rf i]
omrii abetted hohtbed ks\iS cameiaab elas

Bion

S_ Commission of Fish and Fisheries,

St George
Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1896.
as determined by
C, HL. Townsend, Assistant.

(Breeding Grounds.
--== Hauling
Date of examination July 18°

CH Townsend, Assistant.
:

- oe . Scale=528ft.-lindh.
wee B eel a

Contour trderval approximately 0F0.

INDEX CHART.
orth
Undisturbed area — mixed veg Lawior.

Area dsurbead tromtame to ame by seals hauling,
Sarrib or ururorne grass.

ca TEE Ee

=

Ear,

oe

ig

Fe hen

Pe

-

¥
‘4

GD Breeding Grounds
———— Hauling

Date of examination July 19

re
bebe

Tree

:

ot

STARRY ARTEEL ROOKERY ~—~S<::;

%,
S: George Island, Bering Sea. {5
Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1806, a8
as determined by
C,H. Townsend, Assistane

Contour interval approximately J0fb.
Undiseurbed area mixed vegetation
[Pe] Anes, disturbed rom time to timo ty seals Ranting,

ZAPADNIE ROOKERY.

S‘ George Island, Bering Sea.
Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895,
as determined by
C. H. Townsend, Assistans.

Seale: 52qft--Lingh. 5 aw
@nour uiterval approximately 10 feet.

Uindistur bed area ~ miced vegetation.

sea disturbed thor time tw tine by seals hailing,
SCAT OF TEP rime grass.

INDEX CHART

Weg’

INDEX CHART

Inpudrie

8 Doc 477 641

Bese Map prepared by Siaap’ Stanles- Brown

a ee

?
S
Peas

m
“a
q
La
4
at
my

YOM Jira

a SA a ne

larudlek o>

ee mati Sagat

ny lial
Ra RSTn Ds

wie iy NN agp eon ea nie Stquae ane

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 27

THESROOKERIES TN 16899.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

U. S. COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES,
OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER,
Washington, February 1, 1896.

Str: I have the honor to forward herewith copies of two reports by
Mr. C. H. Townsend, naturalist of the United States Fish Commission
steamer Albatross, entitled as follows:

Report upon the condition of the seal rookeries of the Pribilof
Islands, Alaska, in 1895.

Report on pelagic sealing in 1895,

The former is illustrated by 11 charts and 42 photographic views, of
which only the charts have been completed, and are now transmitted.
The photographs are in course of printing and will be furnished at an
early date. :

Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL,
Acting Commissioner.
The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY,
Washington, D. C.

INTRODUCTION.

In the present report are recorded the results of observations made
by the writer on the fur-seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska,
during the summer of 1895, in continuation of the annual inquiries
respecting that subject, beginning with the season of 1892. It is
accompanied by lt charts and 42 photographie views, duplicating those
of previous years—the former indicating the outlines of the breeding
grounds and those of the hauling grounds in part, the latter illustrating
the condition of the more important portions of each rookery at the
height of the breeding season. The stations from which the photo-
graphs were taken are the same as those previously occupied for that
purpose, while the dates of both the charts and photographs correspond
as closely with those of preceding years as the conditions of weather
permitted or other circumstances, explained below, made advisable.

PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

The steamer Albatross first reached St. Paul Island, of the Pribilof
group, on June 24, 1895, being then en route to the Commander Islands,
Siberia, and remained at the former place until noon of the 26th. Mr.
F. W. True, curator of mammals in the United States National Museum,
together with an assistant, was landed on St. Paul Island for the pur-
pose of making a series of independent observations respecting the
rookeries, as was also Mr. N. B. Miller, assistant on the Albatross, the
latter being provided with the necessary outfit for beginning upon the
season’s photographie work in case of any unforeseen delay in the return
of the ship.

28 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

I spent the 25th and the forenoon of the 26th in going over the rook-
eries of Lukannon, Ketavie, Reef, Lagoon, and Tolstoi. Female seals
were scarce, none being observed on any of the rookeries at a distance
of more than 50 or 60 feet from high-water mark, although the usual
rookery area was occupied by bulls. The harems in course of formation
along the beaches were as yet very small, the average number of females
to each being five. About one-fourth of the females were nursing new-
born pups, the others being conspicuously gravid. Some sections of
rookery ground were still covered with snow and a number of new-boin
young with the red placentz still attached were lying upon the snow.
Occasional females were noticed arriving from the sea, but none were
seen leaving. There were no signs of any then coming into heat. A
hasty count by harems of females and young at two favorable points
resulted as follows:

Iukannon.—10 females, 5 pups; 2 females, 1 pup; 15 females, 2 pups;
4 females, 1 pup; 9 females, 4 pups; 9 females, 3 pups.

Ketavie-—14 females, 6 pups; 6 females, 1 pup; 8 females, 2 pups;
7 females, 4 pups; 10 females, 3 pups; 10 females, 2 pups; 8 females, 3
pups; 5 females, 1 pup.

The hauling grounds were fairly well occupied. <A drive was made
from Reef rookery on the morning of the 25th, about 1,200 being killed.
At 1p. m. the rejected seals had in large part returned to Zoltoi Neck,
from which they had been driven, and were hauled out nearly all the
way across. A drive of about 1,000 seals from Polavina rookery was
made on the 26th, from which about 700 were killed.

COMMANDER ISLANDS.

The Albatross sailed at noon on June 26 for Bering Island, Siberia,
where we arrived on July 3. Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, curator in the
United States National Museum, was landed for the season, in order to
study the condition of the seal rookeries and the habits of the Com-
mander Island seals, respecting which he made an important series
of observations during the years 1882 and 1883. The 4th was spent in
visiting North rookery, 12 miles distant from Nikolski village, the trip
being made on dog sleds furnished by Governor Grebnitzky. Although
the weather was not clear, I succeeded in making highly satisfactory
panoramas of the rookery, which lies in two sections, separated by a
space of about three-fourths of a mile. Therookery is located at Yushin
Point at the extreme northern end of the island. The larger section of
the rookery occupies a flat, reef-like peninsula, the smaller being on
the beach to the southwestward. Very few bachelors were present,
and these were scattered so close to the breeding seals that distinet
hauling grounds were not apparent. The breeding seals were very
densely packed upon their respective areas, a large portion of the
females having brought forth their young. ‘The latter were beginning
to collect into groups by themselves, and the females were rapidly
coming in heat.

North rookery, the most important of the four rookeries on the Com-
mander Islands, I estimated to be of about the same size and impor-
tance as Tolstoi rookery on the Pribilof Islands. With but one other
rookery approaching it in size, it is evident that the seal fishery of the
Commander Islands is of very moderate value as compared with that
of the Pribilof Islands, while it is certain that there is at present no
such supply of seals as would be necessary for the maintenance of the
large fleet of vessels now operating upon this herd during its migra-
tions between Bering Sea and the coast of Japan.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 29

The positions where seals were taken by pelagic sealers during the
season of 1895 in the waters adjacent to the Commander Islands were
for the most part to the eastward, southward, and westward of the
islands, within a radius of 100 miles, the catch of one vessel having
been made off Cape Nagikinsky, 200 miles to the northwest. The data
are derived from the log books of 5 American vessels whose catches
aggregate 714 seals, taken between July 5 and September 4. In the
year 1892 the schooner Henry Dennis made a catch of 563 seals between
July 2 and August 28 in these waters, all seals being taken within 170
miles of the islands. The sex of seals taken is not stated. The total
number of seals obtained by the combined Canadian and American
fleets off the Russian coast during the season was 7,648, the positions
where seals were taken by Canadian vessels not being at hand.

During the season of 1895 a sealing fleet numbering 45 vessels took
38,732 seals belonging to the Commander Isiands herd, along the coasts
of Japan and Russia. To this number should be added the catch
made by a small fleet of a dozen or more vessels belonging to Japan, of
which we have received no record. The Japan and Russian catch for
the season is considered small, and would have been unprofitable but
for a shortage in the total pelagic catch and a consequent advance in
the price of seal skins.

PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

The Albatross returned to St. Paul Island on July 9, when I took up
my quarters on shore for the season.

Resuming the observations left off in June, the rookeries of Lukan-
non, Ketavie, Lagoon, Tolstoi, and a portion of Reef rookery were
examined very minutely and the breeding females occupying them
carefully counted. This work, with brief visits to all the other rookeries,
occupied the time until the 16th, when Ketavie and Lukannon rookeries
were visited for chart data. Onthe 17th we went to St. George Island,
where all the rookeries were photographed and their areas platted on the
charts during the 18th and 19th. Returning to St. Paul Island on the
20th, the chart and photographic work was taken up and pushed rapidly
to completion, the charts being finished on the 24th and the photo-
graphic series on the 27th.

From this date until August 9 I was engaged in making natural his-
tory observations on the rookeries, and in setting up artificial land-
marks to outline the present limits of the rookeries and serve as guides
for their delineation in future.

The latter work consisted in painting on suitable bowlders, in white
lead, large crosses (+) that would be conspicuous from the photographic
stations, and would appear in the panoramas that might be made
hereafter. These crosses, placed on Northeast Point, Polavina, Reef,
Tolstoi, and Upper Zapadnie rookeries, on St. Paul Island, and on
Zapadnie rookery on St. George Island, were located with reference
to the limits of the breeding grounds or the points where seals were
massed.

On Northeast Point rookery four crosses, visible from Station 5,
mark the rear limits of the principal masses of seals.

On Polavina rookery four crosses mark the limits—two on each side
of Station G.

On Reef rookery five crosses from stations 17 to 18, mark limits or
masses.

On Tolstoi rookery five crosses mark limits.

On Upper Zapadnie rookery six crosses mark limits or masses.

30 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

On Zapaduie (St. George Island) a cross marks the extreme western
end of the rookery.

It seems advisable to have these artificial landmarks extended to
some of the other rookeries and located on their respective charts.

Photographie Station G, on Polavina, was marked F by mistake and
should be corrected.

Photographie Station 5, on Northeast Point, was appropriately
marked.

CONDITION OF ROOKERIES IN 1895 AS SHOWN BY CHARTS AND
PHOTOGRAPHS.

The changes that have taken place in the rookeries since July, 1894,
are so marked that their depleted condition in July, 1895, is in general
apparent upon comparison of the charts and photographs covering the
two seasons. The usual number of seals not having appeared at the
customary time of commencing the photographic work, the latter was
purposely delayed in order that the ground might have ample time to
fill up, the dates at which the photographs were made being mostly a
week later than in 1894. Even after the slight spreading of the breed-
ing seals that takes place as the season advances, the grounds were
not at any time during 1895 occupied by their usual numbers of seals.
Rookeries, or breeding grounds, strictly speaking, are the tracts within
the limits of which young seals are brought forth, being perfectly dis-
tinct areas as contrasted with those over which they spread of their
own accord somewhat later, The “spreading” which results from the
swelling of the rookeries by the birth of thousands of young was
scarcely perceptible during the season of 1895, the limited number of
adults on the rookeries making it unnecessary for the animals to seat-
ter to the usual distances from the beaches. Many old breeding males
occupied their former positions in the rear of the rookeries, but remained
alone, or with but two or three females during the season, their harems
having been absorbed by harems nearer the beach and not permitted
to pass back. Many of the branches of rookeries formerly extending
well back of the breeding grounds at favorable points where the seals
lie in masses have this year been absorbed into the main body of breed-
ing seals. These changes are shown in the photographs of some of the
rookeries and are represented on the charts. In many narrow rookeries
stretched along beaches where the number of seals is not great, changes
caused by a decrease in seal life are not of such a character as to be
apparent in photographs until actual breaks occur. AJ] such rookeries
confined to narrow beach slopes are now thinned out to the verge of
breaking apart in many places. They no longer overlap on to the level
ground usually found above the slopes, and the surplus of male seals
derived from their adjacent hauling grounds is no longer of any impor-
tance. Breaks which occur in rookeries are always carefully noted, as
they are sure indications of decrease in the seal life of rookeries here-
tofore continuous. Certain thin sections as observed in 1894 indicated
breaks likely to follow further decrease in seal life. As a result of the
heavy loss of female and young seals caused by pelagic sealing in Bering
Sea in 1894, many of the predicted breaks actually occurred in 1895.
The destruction of a much larger number of females and young, through
the operations of the sealing fleet in Bering Sea in 1895, will cause a
reduction in the class of breeding seals next season, amounting practi-
cally to the loss of continuity in all the thin rookeries on the islands
and rendering the business of pelagic sealing unprofitable.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. or

The thinning out of the breeding seals and the consequent recedence
of the breeding limits toward the beaches is followed by the encroach-
ment of grass upon the bare ground but recently occupied by seals.
Attention is called to a series of photographs taken annually which are
illustrative of this feature.

It is impossible to represent satisfactorily the decrease of the rook-
eries by photographs or charts. The former are limited in number and
have frequently to be taken from unfavorable points, while the reduction
of a great tract more or less occupied by seals to the limits of a small
photograph is often misleading except to those familiar with the ground.
The case of the charts is similar, the changes in extensive areas of
land not being impressive when indicated upon charts of small scale.
Special attention is called, however, to the large panoramas taken from
Stations 5, 17, and G, showing the large rookeries of Northeast Point,
Polavina, and Reef. In all of these very comprehensive views the
decrease in the number of seals and the withdrawal of the breeding
limits toward the sea front is apparent.

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Northeast Point rookery.—The thin patches of seals upon each side of
Sea Lion Point are reduced in numbers and area. From station 6 to
the point two important breaks occur at points opposite the marshes.
From the point to Station 5 the rookery has visibly narrowed and the
seals have decreased in numbers. From Hutchinson Hill one of the
most important changes of the year is visible. The photograph from
Station 5 shows the wide rookery ground to be narrower than ever
before. At only one point were young seals born as far back as the
base of the hill. At Station 4 the change is amply shown by the pho-
tograph, which, although taken eleven days later than in 1894, shows
no indication of seals spreading to their former limits. South of Station
4 the seals for the first time failed to cover an important tract extend-
ing back in the direction of Hutchinson Hill. This is shown in the
photograph from Station 3. The animals usually somewhat massed at
this point have found room upon the immediate beach slope. From
Station 3 to Station 1 the breeding seals are confined to the narrow
beach slope, very difficult of examination. Here the rookery is exceed-
ingly thin, which is indicated to a slight degree in rather unsatisfac-
tory photographs. The decrease in the number of seals at this great
rookery since 1894 is very marked.

‘Polavina rookery.—The main rookery, situated on a comparatively
level tract, is shrunken perhaps 50 per cent in dimensions, and at no
point extends back to the limits of 1894. The small communities occu-
pying the ledges under the cliffs north of the point were much reduced
in numbers, and with the exception of a few stragglers did not overlap
on the plateau above. The photograph of the main rookery, taken at
short range, shows the breeding line to have receded toward the beach,
while the level ground at the left remained unoccupied. Another view
from Station 21, at still shorter range, shows a loss of seals from the
foreground and extreme background.

At Little Polavina rookery the branches of the rookery extending
back on the plateau have been absorbed, while the remnant along the
cliff is thinned and lies in patches. Foggy weather prevented satis-
factory photographic work.

Lukannon rookery.—The breeding line here was drawn somewhat
lower than usual, and at no time during the season were the seals

32 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

hauled back to the customary limits. For the first time during my
observations of this ground no young were born on the hill above
Station 12. Photograph 26 is useless for comparison, the breeding seals
being altogether in the dim background to the left. The eastern two-
thirds of Lukannon rookery was counted on July 12; it contained 1,840
females.

Ketavie rookery.a—Now thinner than ever before. It is broken apart
in many places. All the young born this season were on the lower
ledges, and there was no seasonal spreading back whatever. The
ground is easily commanded, and a careful count was made. There
were only 2,070 females between Station 12 and Ketavie Point. Photo-
graph 13 shows a reduced tract, with bulls in the rear that were unable
to form harems in 1895. The other photographs of Ketavie show a
decrease.

Reef rookery.—A comparison of the charts and photographs of this
ground for the seasons of 1894 and 1895 will show in a measure the
change for the worse that has taken place. Photograph 16 shows the
recedence of seals on the hill slope toward the water’s edge. Photo-
graph 17 shows a recedence toward the sea and a very distinct decrease.
The great extent of this panorama is more graphically indicated on the
chart (east of Station 17). No. 18 shows the recedence of the seal belt
resulting from diminished numbers and the consequent isolation of old
bulls on breeding ground no longer reached by females. No. 19 shows
a recedence from the higher ground. No. 20 shows a reduction and a
recedence toward the water. The photograph of the grass area on
this rookery is especially interesting as proving the rapidity with which
grass takes possession of ground which a few years back was teeming
with seals. This area, devoid of grass in July, 18:2, was selected and
marked at that time for annual observation. Being now well grass-
grown, as the photograph proves, it is valuable as showing the rapidity
with which grass grows on ground recently vacated by seals, a fact
denied at some length by the British Bering Sea commissioners (see
British Counter Case, Fur Seal Arbitration, Ex. Doc. 177, part 8, p.
504). Not only has the area marked by cairns become grass-grown,
but the entire tract between the rookeries is now a continuous meadow
covered with weeds and flowers.

Lagoon rookery.—Here there has been a perceptible shrinkage at the
ends. The photograph shows how the west end is breaking apart into
small harems. This long and thin rookery may be expected to illus-
trate next season the damage that will surely result from the past
season’s loss of females and young. When counted on July 11, the
whole area contained 1,268 female seals.

Tolstoi rookery.—Vhis rookery has diminished very perceptibly. Pho-
tograph F shows that the seals no longer ascend the hill and surround
the large bowlder on the extreme left, while photograph 11 shows a
thinning out in the foreground and a recedence from the left end.
Allowance should be made for a change in the shape of the bay itself,
a hundred feet or more of sand having filled in the bight at the left end
of the rookery. A pencil line on photograph 11 shows the true bear-
ing of the camera. The number of female seals along the narrow beach
from the dotted line toward the point at the right (see photograph LL)
was 1,520 on July 11, 1895.

Lower Zapadnie-—Photograph 7 is too dim for comparison. Pho-
tograph 7*, although made at long range, indicates a decrease. In
photograph 8, the camera having been wrongly placed, comparison
with the preceding year is unfavorable, but diminished numbers are
indicated. Lower Zapadnie is greatly reduced since 1894.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 33

Upper Zapadnie.—The view from Station 8 is too distant for satisfae-
tory comparison, but reduced numbers are apparent. In photographs
9 and 10 it will be noticed that some old bulls in the rear of the rook-
eries were unable to form harems, and in photograph 10 the continuity
of the patch of seals near the sea is broken. In general there has been
a shrinkage in territory and a marked reduction in numbers.

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

North rookery.—Photograph 2 illustrates, on a small scale, the absorp-
tion of the small harems in the rear into the main body of the rookery
nearer the sea—the result of lessened numbers. This ground, when
counted July 18, contained 110 females.

Little East rookery.—There is here a decrease and a shrinkage in area,
indicated to some extent in the photograph.

East rookery.—A very perceptible reduction in numbers.

Starry Arteel rookery.—A great reduction in numbers, with conse-
quent abandonment of the high ground in the rear.

Zapadnie rookery.—The change here is shown on the chart. The
rookery has diminished in numbers and extent. The present condition
of the rookery is well shown by a new photograph from Station H.

List of the charts showing the outlines of the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, July, 1895.

ST. PAUL ISLAND.

Nori least. Oin tr OOKOby eae een = )o 2 2)is\nyo ome! oma t= ileielem oe July 24, Chart A
Pal awinanCrOo kenya sooo Seer eee eet Saicls so clocce sicecec see sece July 24, Chart B
Keravierandetukannon! LOOKenI CB esaaem sea = nc ols cicis oi secleclare sie July 16, Chart C
Reemand.Garnovel TookeriGse-sseeee ese == -2-- 2-2 cs eclces eosin July 21, Chart D
Molspomanddvartoon Tookerles: sssesere eee 2 -S52 + ceeelnsen cee July 23, Chart E
Zapadnie and English Bay rookeries......._----.-----------July 20, Charts F and G

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

ShameyArteel TOOKCrY 2250 son. Soe cioaml cmc b inn a acetic sew cece inceccct July 19, Chart H
IN@mnill ROOKIAY G5 sabes sa5- cod sab obdd6 64505 SesSB coue Bab cSesedeeacd July 18, Chart I
Pamanddiaittie, Bast rookeries ce gele cece. <6 ---2c~.ece neon n conc July 18, Chart J

PIPE SPOKE eo soso ose oc ea eteeraisais a «<= ane’ e ci = Se mieseaieine = July 19, Chart K

List of the photographs of the seal rookeries on the Pribilof Islands taken in July, 1895, by
N. B. Miller and C. H. Townsend, showing the dates on which they were made.

ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
Ppmeypetee ll TOQKCLY, u. sae e555 celee etme ee sale oic\<ie'= @ = 9-5-1 pinimin) = oni July 18 (N.

B.M.)
CRE BNO MCOTEV er sc) Senn ee ee tees eceialccinia Sh cis o\S s.opictmavele l= = July 18 (N. B.M.)
Weert eoelcery... 1c Vee 1k SI eee es Take oe July 18 (N. B. M.)
Tats TON Ra AWS SEOs Ege Hceeeia 655.56 see5c6 HOES aee Bee ooo corres July 18 (N. B.M.)
Penner OOK OLY {<= \—2- «base oop emee eeoe elpiorica)s actnc's1s'e s\Sembia ele ms in July 19 (C. H. T.)

Mamgheant Point rookery. 5222) fads. 4252 ee Sie coe cece oe ek cs JSuly 24 (C. HEE)
Ae EO Ina TOOKELY is pou) ceo enseewewaee seis wiepe cn oslo beck eta oe July 24 (C. H. T.)
PQUEMMEMENOKOTY ... - coc! cee. Soclam en ataws eciccns nce etcase cies at July 26 (N. B. M.)
Pim SPH ONETOOKOLrY: =. - sche erieon = seem raientissnccecocccceccice socccct July 20 (N. B. M.)
PR MNEIPORSISICOLY. | | 1s Seen a ou eee te rin sie amin toleece sevice ae July 20 (N. B. M.)
Lee fw agi (oe i ee ee eee July 20 (N. B. M.)
SEPETIER GUIS ri) = 52 2 So ore se aro eRe re a, ob ea a ciate njomw cre se ce July 27 (C. H. T.)
MBER HBUME CET Yolo) 22a ea See ee riee ee ae) io cie sin need ees Se oe accse July 24 (N. B. M.)
MOTE AN AGNIG TOOK 2. sonic aces wens ninnn- ence cee ccc enes 22. July.20(C\ Hem.)
Pen RLOU KOT YE ot eee a ae oe cia tninin = clelncle Sine «as oablomnan July 20 (C. H. T.)

S. Doe. 137, pt. 2——3

34 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

NUMBER OF BREEDING FEMALFS ON THE ISLANDS.

Upon the return of the Albatross to the Pribilof Islands on July 9,
1895, a general examination of the rookeries was made. Some of the
narrower breeding grounds were so thinly covered with seals that it
seemed quite possible to count them. Accordingly, Mr. True and I
began on Ketavie rookery and on the 9th and 10th sueceeded in taking
a satisfactory census. The harems seemed full and well defined, no
coalescing having begun, and they were therefore counted separately.
This work was continued with Lagoon rookery and portions of Tolstoi,
Lukannon, and Reef rookeries, where female seals were counted as fol-
lows: Ketavie, 2,218; Lukannon, 1,940; Lagoon, 1,216; Tolstoi, 1,539;
Reef, 566. The whole number counted was 7,479.

Narrow places limited to the beach slope, like Lagoon rookery, were
not difficult to count from a boat when the sea was smooth, while no
trouble was encountered in doing the same with thin rookeries that
could be viewed from low cliffs. The value of the data secured can not
be overestimated, it being the first time that rookeries were found suf-
ficiently reduced in the number of breeding females to admit of their
numbers being determined with any degree of precision. Although
these rookeries may not have quite reached their breeding height, they
were so near to it that the corrections to be applied are unimportant.
With a very fair set of figures for the extensive area thus examined, we
are able to form a more accurate estimate of the number of breeding
females on the Pribilof Islands than ever before. Adopting the scale
of the rookery charts prepared by Mr. J. Stanley-Brown (264 feet to 1
inch) we find the 7,479 seals counted to be distributed over 7.05 acres,
making 1,061 seals to the acre. The remaining area occupied by seals
has been computed at 54.47 acres, as based upon the rookery ground
delineated on the charts for 1895. The result is a total of 65,239 breed-
ing females for all the rookeries of the two islands. Some corrections
might be applied for certain tracts on Reef, Tolstoi, and Northeast Point
rookeries, where the seals always lie more or less massed, but I can not
admit that there were between July 10 and 15 more than 75,000 breed-
ing females present upon the islands. There is also a correction to be
applied for a moderate number of females not on the rookeries at the
time the breeding females were being counted. As the season was
backward, and the females later than usual in arriving, their appearance
was made en masse, so it is altogether probable that the number of
absentees was not important.

From the 10th to the 15th of July the rookeries were filled with
females that had just brought forth their young. They had not notice-
ably begun going to sea to feed, and at no other time were so many
coming in heat. It is altogether unlikely that any very important
number of females could have been away from the rookeries at a time
when the females were still in excess of young. Mr. True found the
percentage of young to be 62 on July 9, while on July 20 the young
were everywhere in excess of females. Later in the season 50 per cent,
at least, of the females were customarily absent from the rookeries.

Diagram showing Area of the breeding grounds of Fur Seals onthe PribtloF
Islands, seasor of (89, to t/lustrate the cormputlation of number of Fermale

seals on the rookeries. Scole 264 fee/=/inch,
The number of females was counted on the areas outliized tr red, ard was

estimated onthe sare ba@sts Forte FEI QtUiag. Q-CDS.

WLtzet arse sutboeedt CL sa a Aeres, 7.0 $2 On ia by actiat Court 7479, Sends

Se SS | |
| See |
_ Tots Aleres, Cale | Aeres, OSSS | Len apupeart. Aferes, 4377
re fe ee
= Ketavece

5! freres, 2.3/8
|

Cag sere ieee: 4860
A | oo
1. || Little Gack fer, 0 53!
2 SS
es oa
Vi ED) ae we
i ——— =

— o_
|
iP a
|
|
i}

Slarry Alrtéel. Acres 4473 os 4
Lapadnuee Acres, 3042

Aah CLS =— Se]

oi LS gg Lower Loffadne
| Aeres , 3,593

| ; -

Reex Acres, 9.724

= T
| pa Ne
ae | =
Aer €3 040

beckon BOR, | Keiavie

Visth. Aleres, 3.043

Jersta rere W908

Polarvema Hered 2.306

Deorth Each Pece# Heres 1608
cipher L, ofedéme - fVeres, G/2/
Armen <2. rer = 7052 Acres, og A aaa #7479 Seale
. black =SH437 = a Co eZ $2760
Tenet breeding Females6 5,239
541

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 35

Census of Ketavie rookery, by harems, from North End to Ketavie Point, on July 9 and 10,

(‘The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. ]

| ] | | |
14 34| 75 42 | 1 ela Gabe: Wey a eee 3
7 1 1| 3 14 g| 32 29 2! 18
15 12 | a 40 88 13 | 14 | 24 27 10
60 5 5 9 3L 12 | 12 | 22 11 13
40 13 | 6 26 | 23 35 | 17 15 25 21
10 16 | 11 34 | 5 1 | 21 3 27 10 |
8 52 | 1 2 | 5 e627 10 | 13 | 2 22 ell
8 il | 18 | 15 43 29 | 13 | 10 18 BS |
23 Say 50 9 | 1 I) 4 16 34 ul
24 47 21 21 | 29 3 9 | 10 3 1
28 13 17 12 145 15 | 13 | 2 10 2
43 13 | 23 20 64 8. 16 6 23
Wiholemumberof breeding femalestinascateceli=celniapive'e ees aailnie ia is\cl= 2 =l-el= 2, 218
WWiholetnumiber‘of haremstaaseese enemies anes as. elwcia seek eatal= to seine 119
PAvv.erac-erfemal esto MaAreMs emeee ete tne =e eieinett anita aistebisiettal aia) lath =

Census of Lagoon rookery, by harems, on July 10.

(The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. |

|
8 32 18 2 | 19 4/| 5 31 | 19 16
9 20 | 31 | 24 | 1 | 15 2 20 | 1 20
38 16 | 8 26 | 23 | 35 | 16 6) 3 12
12 16 | 4 28 | 4 23 6 | a |) ker fl
4 41 | 37 7 | 67 14 | 9. 14 | 20 2
16 21 4 42 | 48 4 26 1 | 25 +
1 4 1 7 | 39 | 3 10 4 | 18 15
1 8 1 3 24 | 16 22 10 25 41
| |
Wiholemumberioh breeding ptemaleseees emcees cise eee seesciale ee 1, 216
Weholemumbenofharems eememeresacr eerste elie ietatstte ee cloe einai 80
PAvieragertem ales: to harem ten ceaa ser eees recs seers sacita cee ass aaa 15+

Census of Tolstoi rookery, by harems, from the Point to end of Grass Bluff, on July 11.

{The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem.]

|

7 9 12 | 7 8 15 | 4 14 3 10
8 16 20 12 24 13 10 12 it 1
1 4 16 | 16 15 31 | 18 17 15 il
1 10 9 | 6 1 | 13 | 20 15 10 | 34
8 19 1163) 1 11 18 26 4 20 | 1
29 3 14 | 3 2 25 16 3 26 28
2 9 24 | 27 | 11 45 8 7 1
45 | 4 20 42 6 1 21 5 2) | 29
1 6 11 1 1 9 1 22 51 17
15 a 32 | 3 37 25 6 23 15 5
18 5 47 24 11 18 10 31 13 31
1 4 1

NWihole numberof breedine femaleseeeces eee seecos ee cce= ceases ctee 1,539

iW holemumberof harems see easel aa ease ele icin oe sassafras ure ete eee 113

Averare females; to harem jconeseremececce ocsseccsinececcieeccee=ss scenes. 13+

Census of Lukannon rookery, by harems, from bluff to ledge of flat rocks, on July 12.

(The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. ]

26 | 35 13 | 12 3 10 9 5 39 18
27 1 5 | 51 5 16 9 55 1 | 9
14 27 31 | 6 26 9 21 | 3 48 35
44 46 14 | 16 34 1 2 | 54 17 40

1 19 2 68 25 10 78 40 8 11
32 6 21 | 45 7 10 1 68 30 24
45 | 70 22 | 53 7 18 21 16 12 3
38 62 28 3 21 9 5 | 2 3 35

5 | 2 36 13 13 11 19 | 12 74

{

Whole number of breeding females
Whole number of harems..............-
PAV Ora Olea lesbo MALeMaemete vas sees cook esicls\e cele sienesmalacionseines

36 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Census, by harems, of a portion of leef rookery, below bluff north of Station 19, on July 15.

{Vhe numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. |

|
| 2 2 | : 74 4 |
| 9 10 | 4 16 25 li 16 | 16 ie 21 14
| 4 9 a ST 8 14 90 | 9 | 55 1 1
| | [DS dis om bal
Wiholeinumibertof brecdin x femalese 5. ce) oie eine ia ie eee a 566
Wiholemumberlon harems?2e)) see se seiese= aswel oe ce ieee cies 33
rveraceniemales: to hayeMls..seeecer eerie s-— eto sa nae eee 17
Whole number of breeding females counted on Ketavie, Lukannon,
Molstoi wacoon tandynectelrookKeries-soee cosas aeeuericeceen cece eeee 7, 479
Waktole mum ber of harems: jc caress cere ates esicle = s/2 ites =laieteiate alors ea cece 434
Asverar efemales ibovh ATOM ery ceemae ice “ac esiemwin a sriots Serio see ouisek ieee 17+

RESTORATION OF THE ROOKERIES.

With the number of breeding females in the Pribilof seal herd dimin-
ished to about 75,000 in July, 1895, and this number further reduced
by the pelagic loss of August and September (certainly not less than
30,000 females out of the catch of nearly 44,000), we have remaining a
very limited breeding stock, and yet, notwithstanding this cireum-
stance, if absolute protection can be guaranteed to the seals without
delay and for a term of years, the stock is still large enough to insure
a comparatively rapid restoration of the rookeries. If there be no
further loss of females during the present winter by sealing on the
Northwest Coast, we may fully-expect to find the rookeries in 1896
occupied by the present number of breeding females, about 45,000,
together with several thousand 35-year-old females that will then become
breeders. It is exceedingly difficult to calculate the increase of 3-year-
old breeding females for that time, there being no record of the propor-
tion of 2 and 3 year old females lost during the pelagic sealing of the
past two seasons. It is evident that the loss of over 50,000 pups in
1894-95 will result in a poor showing of breeding females in 1897-98.
Supposing, however, that the existing breeding females, with their
female progeny, were secured against destruction in future, the restora-
tion of the rookeries would be certain, and the rate of increase more
rapid from year to year.

The following table showing the increase in seal life that would
naturally result from the complete protection of females is based upon
the natural-history facts that they breed annually from the third year
and produce both sexes in equal numbers. The loss from natural
causes, such as old age, injuries received on the rookeries, killer whales,
etc., is probably unimportant.

Assuming a breeding class of 50,000 seals in 1896, there is shown an
increase to nearly half a million in ten years, while at the end of twenty
years the breeding females alone number over 6,500,000. The annual
increase of young males would be equal to the annual increase of young
females, or to half the breeding females. A very small proportion of
these being required for breeding purposes, this class would practically
be available annually as a surplus. Not only do seals breed early in
life, and with great regularity, but they return to their breeding
grounds with a faithfulness which demonstrates the security they feel
there. Theseal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands can, therefore, unques-
tionably be restored, and at a known ratio of increase. These figures
aed appear startling, but they are founded on simple natural-history

acts.

. ; .

under natural conditions, assuming Hoe number of
breeding Seals occupying the rookerres 177/896 fo
be $0000

INCEASE\| TOTAL INCHERSE | TOTAL
Wastes YOUNG FEMALES) YOUNG FEMALES \SREELING FIMALES BREEIING FENALE.
=

Fred shows breeding females,
Blue .« youn

z IS)
Sma// Tipuies indole age. Bey

Gnawa offspring designated 1838
by he Day Vig Bde each year, /899

soting basting Corresea

a. 7: MT 177
feet smelt her Ii evils yeare. ie
Subdivisions (blue areas show 190/
Sy “zereprent ofincrease over /902

| | Het of prerious Yor
1903 \2\/ 0625 0

/9041|/37,50 0

THE MORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTOLITHO. WASHINGTOM, 0.

S Doc 4.77 541

/ aes J.

7 & &

a

9
om
a:
~

nr

—_o

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 37

Table showing the increase in seal life that would naturally result from the complete pro-
tection of the females.

[eee | Annual Annual | Total
“! | Breeding | increase of | increase of F
Year. | females | young breeding | brewdie
females. females. | *©™ates.

[ON cs) See Oe sees saree a ed ee | 50, 000 | B550007|| Nia) | |222. eee
TO ci ee rene ee Opes Brey CAFS SOR eee 50, 000 | 25, 000 | hw len LES
180) 2. Gy SS En? eee erat Peas Se Sis i eee 50, 000 | 25, 000 (Qyneal lsoses gee
TCS: - oe eee ges 2 Seen Sea” ALS Sm | 50, 000 | 37, 500 25, 000 75, 000
AGH... 13:51 te ee Soha Sao mee 75, 000 50, 000 | 25, 000 100, 000
OU eee ees SERA) Se Me SS See ema renee bis | 100, 000 62, 500 | 25, 000 125, 000
ER) neared tS a ON Sas ys See ee nears. S54 | 125, 000 81, 250 37, 500 162, 500

MIS Ska aa ae ee case eae oO eRe Seiaeieac| 1 2621500 106, 250 | 50, 000 212, 500
ND a as a iaia ta aloe tatetee. sions = [ee a ein ele elem merc cine = 212, 500 137, 500 62, 500 275, 000
TUS 3 has eee aS ee Oe Oa ener | 275, 000 178, 125 | 81, 250 356, 250
POD Ge, ee ae te eee acta 356, 250 231,250} 106, 250 462, 500
TITTY es oan ae Ra a me Se ee ote ee 462, 500 300, 000 137, 500 | 600, 000
TSS 3) 5 ee Ee ee ee 8 a | 600, 000 389. 062 | 178, 000 778, 125
TNS: 4 5 Sea Oe Ra IgG Aenea arene oD FaSH125 504, 687 231, 250 1, 009, 375
ROTOR a EE a SSC a Oe | 1,009, 375 654,687 | 300,000 1,309, 375
(OTL. och eee ee ee etme arenas Same tre Eau | 1,309, 375 844,718 | 389, 062 1, 689, 437
FT Re ee eee eo aha Saat oelnmeemernies cine | 1,689,437 | 1, 097, 062 | 504, 687 2,194, 124
1: 13, La Sakae ED epg meee rpm Re eC Lda 9 aS ee | 2,194,124) 1,424,405] 654, 887 2, 848, 811
FRC ds 2 Bie ee eh acl Ce ae a ae | 2,848,811 | 1,846,764 | 844,718 | ‘3,693, 529
PO ee Saino cata Se halcee once dslee sep nee eescaise ects 3, 693, 529 2,395, 295 | 1, 097, 062 4, 790, 591
TGR. = - 52 2 pone ee ee eee See Se ER 4,790,591 | 2,818,677 | 1,846, 764 6, 637, 355

a Available as breeders at third year.

LOSS OF YOUNG SEALS BY STARVATION.

The steamer Albatross having left Bering Sea in 1895 somewhat
earlier than usual, I did not visit the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands
in September to repeat the observations made by me at the same
season in 1894, respecting the loss of young seals resulting from
pelagic sealing. Arrangements were made, however, with the resident
Treasury agents for a full and explicit report as to the extent of the
damage that was certain to result from the presence of a large sealing
fleet in Bering Sea during the breeding season. Such report, recently
forwarded by Messrs. Adams and Judge, the resident agents of the
Treasury Department in charge, gives the number of dead pups upon
each rookery to October 10, the total loss of young seals for both islands
up to that time amounting to 28,066. Many weak and emaciated pups
were observed on all the rookeries, aud these have doubtless since died.
Pup seals are very fat and can not be killed by starvation in less than
a month’s time. Although many thousands of young seals were lost
by starvation in September and October. 1894, on account of sealing
done in August, I found no dead pups until after September 1. From
that time on, the death of the young was continuous.

The following summation of the loss for 1895 is accompanied by affi-
davits as to the correctness of the counts made:

Loss of young seals on the Pribilof Islands by starvation resulting from the killing of
Semale seals in Bering Sea in 1895.
{Count in full to October 10, 1895. |

ST. PAUL ISLAND. ST. GEORGE ISLAND.

Metapie TOOkery....-- 5-2... <22- 857 | Zapadnie rookery ---...--------- 2, 083
Lukannon rookery -....---.------ oer | orth rOokery,-. = 22i2..5-se5ees- = 1, 559
asoonirookery .. 2.5.2 25.52248 300 | Starry Arteel rookery.-...------- 1, 131
Bolavina,rookery,.23-. ..4-2- +22 1970) brash rookeny -2 3-012 s-.sse eee 986
Garhbowch cookery ..-.-.----)-.-- 1514) Little Kast rookery....-----.-.-.- 253
ReemleOkKely: 25. sooo. ts +. ses 3, 376 | =
Upper Zapadnie rookery.----.--.. 5) Bib. Rotel se eee eee sie 6, 012
Lower Zapadnie rookery.......-- 381 | 22, 054
Melstourookerys. 222. s22...4ele 2, 582 | =
Northeast Point rookery.-.-...-.--- 4,017 | Grand. total... 2. <s-ceic5.-) 2008
Sea Lion Rock rookery -.-.--..--- 361 |

TVD 2A Ce eo 22, 054

38 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Twenty dead bulls and 101 dead females were found on St. Paul
Island during the season of 1895, 3 of the latter having spear points
and lines attached.

The total number of seals taken in Bering Sea during the season by
the pelagic sealing fleet was 45,697. There can be no doubt that at
least 75 per cent of those were breeding females, the death of which
would necessarily involve the loss of over 32,000 young. The pro-
portion of the sexes represented in the season’s catch, as reported by
the sealing fleet, is untrustworthy, judging from our experience with
reports of this kind in the past and from what we know at present of
the actual conditions.

RECOMMENDATIONS RESPECTING THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Having already questioned the propriety of the driving and culling
of seals by the lessees upon the islands, it is unnecessary to repeat the
arguments against the practice. No further culling should be permit-
ted. It would be preferable to kill a larger quota consisting of several
grades of skins, taking all that might be driven, rather than to continue
the selection of a single grade necessitating the excessive handling of
the animals now practiced.

Should a sealing fleet be present in Bering Sea during the season of
1896, the removal of all surplus males, except yearlings and large bulls,
would be desirable. While increasing the quota of Government skins
and lowering the value of the pelagic catch, it would also have the
effect of limiting the pelagic catch entirely to females. The number of
females is now so limited that no profit will be found in taking them at
sea, where they will be so scattered as to discourage pelagic sealers and
to some extent shorten the season of their operations.

Another method, suggested by Mr. F. W. True, of reducing the pelagic
catch to an appreciable degree might be found in retaining all non-
breeding males upon the islands after August 1. Commencing about
the 20th of July, all males appearing upon the hauling grounds, and
rejected from the drives, could be placed in the larger inland lakes and
held captive there for six weeks or more. A solution of the pelagic
sealing question might be found in the branding of nursing females in
such a manner as wouid destroy the value of skins, while the question
of property recognition upon the high seas might be well worth raising.

Any action on the part of the authorities directed toward the killing
of female seals on the rookeries, for any purpose whatsoever, would be
deplorable. Nothing can justify the destruction of the source of supply
of anything useful to mankind.

REPORT ON PELAGIC SEALING IN 1895.

The following report embraces the results of observations made at sea
between August 9 and 30, 1895, in connection with the fishery investi-
gations of the Fish Commission steamer Albatross, and subsequently at
Victoria, British Columbia, Seattle and Port Townsend, Wash., between
September 25 and October 18. The work at sea consisted in boarding
such vessels as were inet with for the purpose of making inquiries as to
the number of seals taken, the positions where taken, their sex, age,
food, ete.

The perfecting of United States customs regulations providing for
the collecting of sealing data by American vessels left comparatively
little work to be done at sea. The examination of a considerable num-

CANADIAN SEALING SCHOONER E. B. MARVIN, BERING SEA.

SEALING CANOES UNDER SAIL, BERING SEA.

Py ya
he eae

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 39

ber of carcasses of fur seals procured from sealing vessels during the
month of August indicated that the species breed annually from the
third year. It also yielded information on the sex of seals taken at
sea and the character of their food, which appears to be pollock, squid,
small fishes, and other surface life chiefly.

Upon the return of the Albatross to Puget Sound, I began boarding
the vessels of the sealing fleet as fast as they returned. The catch for
the year on the different sealing grounds was ascertained, and a num-
ber of log books kept during former sealing voyages and containing
information on the seasonal migrations of the fur seal were collected.

During the months of August and September, 1895, there were
engaged in sealing in Bering Sea 39 Canadian and 18 American ves-
sels, the former making a catch of 35,773, and the latter a catch of
7,924 seals.

During the same period in 1894 a fleet of 38 vessels took 31,542 seals,
while the total Bering Sea catch for 1895 (45,697 seals) required a fleet
of 57 vessels, making a lower average per vessel, although a compari-
son of the log books of the American fleet for the two seasons shows
the sealing weather to have averaged better in 1895, seals having been
taken every day during the month of August.

The total number of Canadian and American vessels that engaged
in pelagic sealing during the year was 96. The catch of seals from the
Pribilof herd was 55,664, and that from the Russian herd 38,752, the
total being 94,396. Less than one-third of the entire catch was made
by American vessels, while the proportion of the American catch in
Bering Sea is comparatively insignificant, the bulk of the American
catch for the year having been made on the Japan coast.

The operations of the sealing fleet in Bering Sea in 1895 were in the
same locality as in 1894, the catch as a whole having been made south-
east, South, southwest, and west of the Pribilof Islands, outside the
protected zone.

The sealing ground, platted upon a map prepared from positions
obtained from a large number of sealing vessels, appears as a nearly
semicircular belt about 60 miles in width, commencing to the north-
westward of the Pribilofs and extending southward and eastward
around the protected area, widening somewhat toward the southeast-
ward limit, where seals were taken nearer the Aleutian Islands.

The condition of the American seal herd is now very critical. Should
no changes be made during the present winter affecting the work of the
great pelagic sealing fleet, the herd breeding on the Pribilof Islands
will, by reason of sealing in Bering Sea during the coming season, be
reduced to a comparatively insignificant size, so small, at least, as to
ruin the seal fishery commercially at sea as well as upon land.

At a meeting of Canadian sealers recently held at Victoria it was
decided that but one cruise be made during the year 1896, that to be
in Bering Sea. The Northwest coast catch for the spring of 1895 proved
unprofitable, but one vessel having made expenses, while the catch in
Japanese and Russian waters was made barely remunerative by reason
of an advance in the price of seal skins. This action on the part of the
sealers is clearly the result of diminished catches. It is now evident to
all persons interested in the pelagic sealing industry that further profit
can not be expected from sealing in the North Pacific. That the seal-
ing fleet as a whole after one more season’s work in Bering Sea will be
out of employment can not be doubted.

The condition of the seal herd breeding upon the Commander Islands
is similar to that of the American herd. With the inauguration of the

40 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

restrictions of the modus vivendi, the destructive operations of the
pelagic sealing fleet, so long directed chiefly against the American herd,
were suddenly transferred to the Russian herd, and from that time its
decimation has been rapid, the slaughter extending annually, from the
latitude of Yokohama, in winter, to within 30 miles of the Commander
Islands, in summer. The catch for 25 Canadian vessels in 1895 was
18,686 skins, as compared with a catch of 56,430 skins in 1894 by the
same number of Canadian vessels. The total pelagic catch from the
Russian herd for 1895 was only 33,732 as compared with a catch of
about 82,000 in 1894,

A minute inspection of the rookeries on the Commander Islands dur-
ing the past season revealed such a reduction in the breeding portion
of the seal herd as to render immediate restrictions on pelagic sealing
necessary, if anything more than a mere nucleus of the Russian herd is
to be preserved.

PROPORTION OF SEXES IN THE PELAGIC CATCH.

This subject having been commented upon very fully in the report

for 1894, further discussion as to the proportion of male and female
- seals killed by pelagic sealing seems unnecessary. Sealers detecting
the danger of restrictions that might follow a discovery of the great
preponderance of females in pelagic catches have in numerous cases
misrepresented the facts. American inspectors of seal skins have found
the reports made by masters of sealing vessels on this point to be sub-
ject to correction in cases too numerous to mention. There being no
official inspection of the Canadian catch, the reports of masters are
necessarily accepted for record. Canadians are the chief offenders,
American sealers having in mind the customs inspections that accom-
pany the landing of their catches. The American catch is reported
(with custom-house corrections) to consist of three times as many females
as males, no vessel reporting more males than females. The Canadian
returns represent the numbers as more nearly equal, no official inspec-
tion of catches being made, although 11 vessels state their catches as
chiefly male.

The following examples illustrate the differences usually found be-
tween the reports made by masters of vessels and those made by
inspectors of seal skins:

Vessel. Males. | Females.

Schooner Ecrett:

Mas terisyne pO Gly serraert ener eit aa ost os sie cemie ean doce a eee ceemerarry ae eiaes 65 34

Official examination sap oe cietsta.ceici< cle aris ats icin s Seis oii warns ote etter eens e Geiser otore 9 90
Schooner Deeahks:

MAST GGiSire PON bal ee eo ecle pelea: Hates 4 ajoisicloyel oie a ioisee = siete ee -O SE ee eee eee 39 43

Oniciallexamin agonist sma ceeien ere seein Seis mave Saiaraieloisiers tawiete etnies eleleope eee | 20 | 62
Schooner Bering Sea:

Masters repOnteaqcean\s- cece cee BS eae ein isials ea aye latins sinter efesere eens el wie eis 76 104

Oficigllexaminationies oes eset eae eee e ce Sone eee oe ae sce chew e peste ceeeinee 35 145
Schooner Matilda:

Miastenisire pont s som ses cele, cie me oateeleleisieielects wisio laine eisle Semin speiehtaisince!selnisisie este 13 22

Oticiahexaminati ones = seis uhtcrslasttemieeive cis swelcen wwiie ¢ womee nee emai eleemateeeeel 5 35
Schooner Erland:

IMIASTORISILED OL bis 2 cen stetees aiaice ae lactone ee a cleisisiviow slaiviaisine eielele ae lesen euicieisiawe cee 83 82

Oificialjexaminationscc.-sacciecwcccmaaccacie temas ncses we cus eee metee eae ees et 33 132

Discrepancies were found in nearly all the log books in the fleet.
The skins were identified in the presence of the masters and others,
who acquiesced in the identification as they were tallied. In all cases

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 41

of uncertainty the master’s report was given the benefit of the doubt.
As a result of the corrections made in the masters’ reports of the spring
catch for 1895, the records of the Bering Sea catch, made a few months
later, were kept more carefully. There being still considerable misrep-
resentation, masters of vessels, when licensed for sealing, should be
cautioned against making incorrect returns, for which the authorities
should accept no excuse. The facts of the case are apparent. The
skinning of seals in canoes by Indians makes the tally of the sexes of
skins thrown on the decks of sealing vessels after nightfall uncertain,
while the falsity of all statements of a majority of males is self-evident.
It could be demonstrated in many ways. Take, for example, the well-
known conditions existing on the Pribilof Islands; the breeding males
do not leave the islands—in fact, do not enter the water—during the
breeding season, while the surplus males resulting from the polygamous
nature of the seal have always been in large part removed by annual
killings upon the islands. Females must, therefore, necessarily con-
stitute the great bulk of the pelagic catch. Out of atotal of 123 seals
examined at random by me upon the decks of sealing vessels in Bering
Sea during the past season, 106 were females, or five-sixths of the
whole number. The starvation of young seals upon the rookeries that
follows the operations of the sealing fleet in Bering Sea is also evidence
as to the sex of the seals killed. The loss of young seals up to Octo-
ber 10 is reported to be 28,066 by actual count, while many were then
found in a dying condition.!

SEX, AGE, PREGNANCY, AND FOOD OF FUR SEALS TAKEN IN
BERING SEA DURING AUGUST, 1895.

During the cruise of the steamer Albatross on the pelagic sealing
grounds in August, 1895, many carcasses of fur seals, obtained from
day to day from vessels engaged in sealing, were examined with refer-
ence to their age, sex, breeding condition, and food. Such carcasses
were readily secured from schooners after the return of the hunting
boats, while the evening work of skinning was going on, and all of
those obtained were conveyed to the laboratory of the Albatross for
dissection and examination. Of a total of 123 so examined in different
localities from August 11 to 21, 106 were of femaleseals. Of the latter
number 78 were nursing females, all determinations being based on
examinations of mammary glands, uteri, and ovaries. Of the remain-
ing females, 26 in number, 15 were yearlings and 11 were 2 years old.
Of the males, 17 in number, 2 were yearlings, 4 were 2 years old, Swere
3 years old, and 3 were 4 years old. Nearly five-sixths of the whole
number being females, and nearly four-fifths of these being females in
milk, the heavy drain made by pelagic sealing upon the producing class
of seals is apparent.

Only one of the 15 yearling females bore signs of recent impregna-
tion, and this one, taken for a yearling on account of its small size,
may have been 2 years old. Four of the 2-year-old females were preg-
nant, one showing the corpus luteum in the right and the others in the
left ovary. The breeding season not being over, the other 2-year-old
females may have been impregnated later. A few nursing females not
bearing marks of present pregnancy may have been impregnated and

1As this report goes to press I am officially informed that the sealing schooner
Penelope on February 29, 1896, entered at San Francisco a catch of 215 seals, of which
only 8 were males, all the rest—207—being females. ‘The catch was made from Jan-
uary 24 to February 26, between the Farallone Islands and Point Conception, Cal.,
at distances averaging 25 miles off shore.—C. H. T., March 12, 1896.

42 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

the corpus luteum not yet developed. From these studies, the first of
the kind, it would appear that female fur seals are first impregnated
at the age of 2 years, and bear their first young at the age of 3. It is
also apparent that nursing females are already pregnant when they
begin feeding at sea. In all cases in which the condition of the uteri
and ovaries could be made out with certainty it was found that preg-
nancy occurs annually and in the right and left horns of the uterus
alternately. Some of the nursing females examined were, from the
appearance of their teeth, judged to be very old. These observations,
apparently demonstrating a wonderful regularity in the breeding of
the seal, are of special importance in calculating the length of time
that would be required for the restoration of the Pribilof rookeries if
complete protection could be secured for female seals of all classes.

Of 123 stomachs of seals examined, 49 were empty or contained merely
abdominal worms or bloody mucus. Of 73 with food, 46 contained
chiefly squid, 23 pollock or cod, while 4 contained salmon. The majority
had mixed with the squid or larger fishes the bones of very small fishes
resembling sand lants or tomeod—perhaps the young of pollock or cod.

These examinations of seals taken off soundings at different times
and places indicate that seals find plenty of food bey ond the great fish-
ing banks; that squid is the favorite food; that pollock and small fishes
come next, while salmon and cod rank last, at least in this part of
Bering Sea.

The catches of seals for 1894 and 1895 were made for the most part
off soundings.

Table showing the results of observations made on fur seals taken at sea in Bering Seay
August 11 to 21, 1895, respecting sex, age, pregnancy, and food.

SCHOONER M. M. MORRILL.

[Latitude, 55° 12/ north; longitude, 170° 25’ west. Date, August 11.]

a | Ovaries.
E | | ——$—$<<—_<_______ ase
Uterus Sear result- Ac :
g zs l Signof |
= Sex. | Age. | hornshow-, ing from recent im- | Stomach contents.
= | ing former former z ;
a f : pregnation |
a | | pregnancy. pregnancy | (corpus
= (corpus albi- | lat
oy cans). uteum).
Mees Biyearse js selsiss oie 7ts 15 <f "GOH ne SBEEe |>sis sioieicemiocies Small quantity of small fish and
| squid.
HMemaleyes el yeatenmee ee eisai) ie\leitesaleieiaie\cYa/siciero!= |e erseeeeteteners Do.
Sood dows a -2iyearseerns sacsmese mec snensist= ace ~sicisci| Seeicinccieeteete| Do.
Saone oie: |Palbyearer Sa ae eee Ses. cece see | Saas neceeeesel Small quantity of small fish and
| squid (sand lants ?).
Se do ....| Nursing .-|) Right...... Right.......| Left ........| Small quantity squid beaks.
sonbe dow s20|s ied opetn maint o man onumrdo: sd.44leet se dots | Squid; small fish.
Bic tate do Brees Gal) II) maoocs LLC ees eOeeI Lay tal MiGs oeaea| Do.
Bapue do SABRI Ks) Right..... Right.......| Left .....--.| Two pollock.
Bese CON MO se ett tase (? | Right.......| Empty.
Shafer Ose s| 2552-0 eee Rightens-eevniohte. 2 2)| Ivette ss One squid.
Berrie LO) creat [2a 2 Osaioe ee Ol totecnernetne Ol see | tater. Ol oem ees) emp tay;
Byaieye Gover) sO see, 2 (? Joear QO). eee Squid
dapde dows--lseee2ao ++ -| efbthe=-- 14) COSbia--esie ol) OSU iter ios] UPL.
Beane GO} oe eas One| eee OO eee passe G Ove canes |so> -edOn eae eollock: ssqridybedks.
Better Oeics alle memete ee eee llcicic ce aieieatatt earl cnn crsiocteserersiell Ena tye
meta doyeeae|tee-. do Bau rineoe er ees Br Seer ae See eee eee oma fish; squid.
sapoe Clin sail beeoaats) S45z))Nencanige cose Bight.--0.0) We hteeeaceee Small squid.

a Serial number used only where specimens were saved.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

43

Table showing the results of observations made on fur seals taken at sea in Bering Sea,

August 11 to 21, 1895, respecting sex, age, pregnancy, and food—Continued.

SCHOONER VERA.

[Latitude, 54° 54’ north; longitude, 168° 55’ west. Date, August 12.]

Ovaries.

3 |
2 Ut Ss It- |
F erus, Carinesalt: | Signiot
5 Sex. (gee || DEH SROw eis Out ||) recent ame Stomach contents.
a ing former former rominhioe. |
a pregnancy.| pregnancy | P (cor hire
B (corpus albi- tiiteuin) |
BD cans). | til
Female iL GBs scu)jocbagecnedce |oaoc soseheooSol|pooossedspanee Empty
peer? do .-:.| Nursing ..| Left ......| Left .--...-.| Right.......| Worms
Sncud Ome say CALS eae leeemee nena eee ata) eee eos CRTee sqnud small fish,
ease do ....| Nursing ..| Right.....| Right.......) Left ........| Four squid beaks.
SCHOONER ENTERPRISE.
[Latitude, 54° 54’ north; longitude, 168° 48’ west. Date, August 12.]
Female .... Nursing -.| Left ...... (?) | Righite se | Many small squid beaks.
Bienes GO yenjae| (cry CAUSA a. |ee- oe) sasses|meeeeese/-— 4.) HUChiaa a). se MOG UIdsnvery amall fishe
SOaee do ..../ Very old-..) Right.....| Right....... (@? Do.
wae do ....| Nursing ..|---.-do-- (?) | Left ........| Squid; few small fish.
Male...... UW Gre ecdllbcassebocdce||acotsasesceccs||soeesucdsosece Squid, tentacles 3 inches long.
emt CO) a/al OpyVCRES! 5 =(llo =a. ca cissisieall Sere tere tere = =e cee si a\e =o stot ate Few squid beaks, pollock. ?
boos GW) posal) AGEs Son|lboooncoceoonleaccod ocopeoad (cogent asceene| tanonalriayeray spall phy
mete GOs ss =) 13) V CALS. sen see os oeee asl eaeee aie alee lecesaa oo e4|s One Squid many smalltish),
SCHOONER MAUD 5S.
{Latitude, 54° 43’ north; longitude, 168° 45’ west. Date, August 12.]
Male...... MN /CPUE)S od SeseabGo 550 sccods sé sabeme Secon ouncesds Empty.
ooeed do BWV OaLS ee: | Pon p mec eee beet ee ein aaes ciceoe esas Do.
oe Ogee pa leer ACL OM Sc orclia sie = faap Ae en ae paew Rees ne Chaat Saf ah Do.
ete domes: (see do oa Borate) sae ete ets tate tata estas choice welslcras Do.
Female SHV OATS || ele ae o,a[iate epee eer tele Sele scis heise eu raciers Small squid.
Scbcs ops ae eed on men iaey.! Dame Me IS CL CNG Aap tyr:
Reig COs |smee eA Oeece|< saci tsosed senor =. |Sae hemes siete s Do.
eee do)<=.-| Nursing 2: Rights.s25 (Right....-:.| Left -...222 Do.
Sane Opera eaVeLT One teae | eis tae em Set Se we een Do.
sda do ....) Nursing ..| Right-....' Right......- (?) Do.
coinb: do a ROSVOALS Etec (nastiest ee meyers ae 2|/ciers ce etoce aa OCLC.
ates do ....| Nursing ..| Right.....; Right.......| Left ........| Bones of pollock; squid beaks.
SObbs do SW BVC ATS oat Sire elie ee ee MN Ie Sancho ales eh oe te Do.
|
SCHOONER VICTORIA.
(Latitude, 55° 21’ north; longitude, 167° 49’ west. Date, August 20.]
aiehemaley..<.-) li yiear's 72/2 )|(o22 =a. sence eens osetia | eerie Blames et Empty.
2} \lsane doles ursing Squid, small fish, pollock.
Sh jeocee do ....| lyear..... Empty.
Cle ome Gl) See peeoe does. | Blood.
GS | Scsde do .... Nursing .. | Squid, small fish, large fish
(cod).
Grease OME aleacins dows. Squid, small fish, pollock.
16 5a6es dol-54-| 2 years =-- | Do.
Sel eeriee do.... Nursing .. Ra ob tree | Blood.
W) |naded OKO SHod|esdee dose: Squid; small fish.
DOME iy eel Been do .- | Cod.
1 esoee Chi a5 aa Bee doj=s- Empty.
DE ee CO 6éeel Baee does Squid; small fish (cod?).
18) SS ane CO). ae) eee doer Do.
a eee doe. .|d yearse =. Empty.
ii} lsaase WAGs ener aeons Do.

a Serial number used only where specimens were saved.

44

Table showing the results of observations made on fur seals taken at sea in Bering Sea,
August 11 to 21, 1895, respecting sex, age, pregnancy, and food—Continued.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

SCHOONER TRIUMPH.
[Latitude, 55° 21/ north; longitude, 167° 49’ west. Date, August 20.]

Ovaries.

ra
®
= Uterus, | Scar result- | q
| horn show-| ing from \pevenen of =
: Sex. Age. ing former foeimen zocen aad Stomach contents.
a |pregnancy.| pregnancy | BiCor a8
& (corpus albi- | abou)
mn cans). | i
16 | Female Ib Ghins oad le caenSceoned| |Qodoco Sososa5llos sessooesore Small-fish bones.
a aeene ao Sie Noreing £4) 16 Gi eeaboe lbefitie.s--1-'-1-'- Hight Soadoae eral Ba bones; squid.
56042 (0) soee| |) BavGhis en aleesadesoseud|ssesocccooesenl) JUG aaeeecsel| mevetayre y
9) |S era do ....| Nursing ..| Right..--. TRO TE Ba ee5o|Aoeos (Ws) Booocs Small fish.
PAI) ocisae Gl Ase bees Gl deaa|booes GW Gocc|ssane Gia) Segneal near doye2s6 Empty.
PA loaaae Cieeed Seene Gleocolleceae do .- (?) eects Ok pasos Do.
PP) | ease Gk) Gacdibodac doteser|eersee do). 2 -:|| Right=---.<- leseterate domeceee Pollock (2).
23 | Male...... Div earseed sae scea cecal peeeeemeccs a. [Re seals cenits | Empty.
7 le nead Gy soca) LS, GRWS pecl|seooceseocad||bo Sado osnopeoo lasoodanoe canoes | Do.
25 | Female Nursing .-; Left ....-- MOSb sess -ee.- peRighteeses-- | Do.
26n|eeeee (in saealborne GD Senelleneas dove Wbettivss.-c-s- | (?) | Squid; small fish.
PYf Nodose Gy Scudboad- Coteoa. eae dome (?) | Right...-.-- | Do.
28 | Male...... DO SIGE Epa Bases oneosod jasodeseobee ere pepaeeesonsoos | Do.
29 | Female ursing ..| Left ....-- Meehties--1-=\-- | tight......-) Small fish.
305) Males-s-.. ILA GENES Sang despopncsees| esbodhoaodaood|apceueasadsoes! Empty.
31 | Female ...| Nursing -.| Left .-.--- Weft eee | Righteseec== Do.
S2h ibe fi) Sse bomae do Lost .--- TWOS Gietet= = 1-1 IILOSteeeseee | Do.
BOM seers Gk S66) Sooke G0) anol bodes doeas| aes (Gy Ba eesel ance doze. Do.
SAE eetas GOR Sal Sso82 do Wettiecssee (?) Botha eee | Cod (2).
BON|eaers GO iGons)|bosee doeres (tes GV seea||| JUS ii ooSeesor Right.-....-| Salmon.
BOn| eae CO eee P2hyearse sae |eemceaaaciee ate ceeee tenes Wefbre cesses | Squid; small fish.
SU 6Se3c do -| Nursing Right.....| PRI CH Ge: ssers s1ei|(n'= 1 (le) Rea oe Empty.
BeNlnasec Gloy 45a) alaiGin San Ulgatsoeenesoclns soac ongroonllcesdesseaceacce | Do.
Be soad doy) Nursing | Wettin- a Wettp-ce== 1-1 Right.2.2.-: Do.
AQM IE eens GK) Srinalises ar do). =-.|| Right. = -—: FRO GE = -j2:0)=- Theft aaseees Do.
Ae eco GIES heear dome ee|bluetthea nen IGG sees Richt. 222-2 Salmon, cod.
42 |..... GONssssseese do Right..... Righteec---- Menbie see Squid; small fish.
By oneee COie alerts do Right (?) (G2) aloes Gk} Hooede Empty.
44 |..... GK) Gaeaiedar do ....| Right.-.-- Right. .2- -<<||--.<.-- doyaacase Blood.
2G) Wiscaue Gy cag) PaiGEnses sdigaesectocadsllSocotspcoscaaoe eeeee dOvereetcias Empty.
AG asecu do Nursing -.| Right...-. |ERIghb si. =: eee doses aes Pollock.
ATi Wace Gl) Seealeeee A Gk) Peas eseee doy 3. |heee dla Sensee restore doe as Empty.
ABW a errs do . UMNearsortelessceceecmes Mies 2S ree Rae | So eee eee Squid.
AQT eae do - DATS ae meen ee ae ee ee een Heer ea Small squid, worms.
GY |easee do Nursing --| Right..-.. (2) ett) s22 2558 | Empty.
51 | Male...... ByiGE lgoculbosnoaeebocg||lpaeecacsunoded |poLeecceonaas = Small fish; squid.
52 | Female ...| Nursing -- (2) (2) Richton. sae | Do.
be} lasane (i Cereal eae Coieeee Rachie. (?) Meltiececaase Squid.
54 |..-.- GO"Saddigeacc deter sase Oye ae Econ Saiac io) rere Ghieesocc! Small fish.
BB Hale thee ASVGSTB eyae Sonne esee ce Pecstccseeneee Miaeaererm ass | Squid, pollock.
5 Gunes saal| al aWethek ees Base Saecsece| |besaaosceodoed pases seesonsoS Empty.
a RODE ae 30 Nuret g pelt BbODEE eae SG0REDE Ri oy abesare Small fish, squid, worms.
58 |.---- Ohetatets}| emi () Sabdllaoeoe Gk) fecallestcs @ shacoe|bodoe Olsson Empty.
59 | Male.....-. AVORTS eens |iense Bera bbonaS oaeeoote sean os sepuobce Do.
n pomale ..-| Nursing ethreece=- (2) Right......- Bones of pollock.
Beas O) sno\ |p Caee me anceoedoocal\gasconsooncuduisoehodopacaacs mpty.
62 | Male...... BGs bocel Seasos seneas|sedosoeocooded dapecooseaacae Do.
63 | Female Nursing --| Right-.--. Right..-.--. eft, some. Bones of fish.
(eae Ons malysecys do 22: | Left). ---\- - Me ttieys a seta= - Righteeo- Blood.
(ih epese (0 (ee do Right. -.-.-- RAC acoaci= (2) Pollock bones.
Wi boaee Cl aAoalainehies = 5 ale teecarceonod |acensoeroeeSCollpespenscchoces Empty.
GT Se eee do .- Nain’ eal Rights >. =. Right.--=..< Left) 435-55 Squid.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 45
Table showing the results of observations made on fur seals taken at sea in Bering Sea,
August 11 to 21, 1895, respecting sex, age, pregnancy, and food—Continued.

SCHOONER G. W. PRESCOTT.
[Latitude, 55° 33' north; longitude, 168° 11’ west. Date, August 21.]

Ee | Ovaries.

5

2 Uterus, | Scarresult-| «.

Ml ere . ‘ f
: ; jhornshow- ing from | Se

g Sex. Aoes) | ing former _ former | eat ne | Stomach contents.

ra | pregnancy. pregnancy | t (ese erg

“eo | (corpus albi- | jaseam) |

a cans). :

68 | Female -..| Nursing .. Left ...-.-| Left ..-..---. Rig bites Squid, small fish.

69: | -5)-).< Gorssssless22 (iV) Se aalacous bY eeSclisoaee does Whepdritife GI) esn68e | Empty.

U0 esas Goes 23 |fsss2 CORE AER dove ssaleens Gores. ¢ ie er GlSconsee | Minute squid beaks, worms.

ip be eects Corres st sen8 dow.) Right2.224 (2) i iuettie cscs. Small squid.

LANG aes does s|ecna: Gk Ress pesoe (Loves meee bib ter ney cs KO Wee Ae Pollock or cod.

TB ees doe sates: ihc oe aoe Cores sane (ils) Seeeee (?) | Empty.

Tae ee Ao 2 eee es Owes ise dope: (2) | Wettpennaen | Squid) fish bones (pollock ?).

NO Weneee o-22 see oi Opes Meek tpaeemac (2 RLU mayer Empty.

Tal eet GI) selene QO) iets rere | IRE Dees =i= Raby eee Three cod.

ith acces ove Se ileess Goya's Nee domes anern doyeenae= (?) | Cod or pollock.

AB eter’. dow ae siese2 GOR Se selene 2 i eel eect does. (2) Cod.

rd al eee GOveealeaes Ss Ooms atie ae dorsne sakes donee (2) Salmon.

BO ose GSE sael eseee Gomes | Sane dose Gs see dow Se" (2) Cod.

Bisse. GOrsse esos do ‘| Beft) 2 3se8 heietirs us erate (?) | Two cod.
Deal srexamined seer esa ats 25 ene eH Seer seers 12S Hemale a nyeats eae aie ele sete eee eetee ei eee 11
WING - Sue eB a gcese | Soe Ree ne peoeeee co soSbocr ac ia leMislesyennlimters-noene co aceeee eee ecs eae ene 2
PALO TN SN ee arate hoe cies clas ola sce oe ee yaieia wee NOG ee Mialey2hy Gar sas see see n= eae aman eet 4
SM AIPNONSIN Geis ies calc oo wa oneal fish! | IMIBTVR Eb, Coocindonospe sepa lo essed scepoAs- 8
Hoemalonyearling case =|. c+. cscsicn aan eeine il nei al @ Atv Gara a. aecieiste osc eisisiesemie ens =isieee 3

Nursing females 3 years of age or over.

Corpus albicans, the scar indicating ovary from which former pregnancy resulted.

Corpus luteum, the sign of pregnancy or recent ovulation from that ovary.

In these observations only the gross appearance of ovaries is considered; impregnation may have
taken place in all the 2. and 3 year old females, and the corpus luteum not yet developed.

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATIVE OF PELAGIC SEALING.

[Photographs by N. B. Miller, C. H. Townsend, and A. B. Alexander.]

A portion of the sealing fleet at Sand Point, Alaska, in June, 1893.

Canadian sealing schooner HL. B. Marvin. Bering Sea.

Canadian sealing schooner Annie H. Paint. Bering Sea.

Canadian sealing schooner Dora Siewerd. Bering Sea.

Canadian sealing schooner Katherine, formerly Black Diamond.

Canadian sealing schooner Dora Siewerd under storm canvas, showing manner of
stowing canoes. 1895.

Deck of Dora Siewerd. 1895.

Skinning seals, Dora Siewerd. 1895.

Canadian sealing schooner seized in Bering Sea prior to 1888.

Canadian sealing schooner Thornton seized in Bering Sea prior to 1888.

Canadian sealing schooner Ainoko discharging skins at Victoria.

American sealing schooner Columbia.

Types of sealing schooners. Victoria Harbor. 1894.

Types of sealing schooners. Victoria Harbor. 1894.

A portion of the Canadian sealing fleet, Victoria Harbor. 1894.

Sealing boats stored at Victoria.

Portion of Indian crew of Canadian schooner Favorite. 1894.

Indian hunter of sealing canoe, showing double-pointed spear pole; detaching
spear points, with line 30 yards long; paddle; killing club, and wooden boat bailer.

Indian sealing canoe, showing manner of throwing spear.

Indian sealing canoe under sail.

Indian sealing canoe with outfit and catch.

Sleeping seal—usual position, floating back down, with hind flippers turned for-

. ward over belly. August 7, 1894. Bering Sea.

Fur seal just awakened.
_ Starved seal pups, St. Paul Island. September, 1894.

Starved seal pups, St. Paul Island. September, 1894.

46

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF

ISLANDS.

Pelagic catch of the American sealing fleet for 1895.

| Hunt- F t ; Northwest
| eas. Bering Sea. | Japan coast. Russian coast. conan
lft Kate : : 3
Vessel. Be 4 Nek | 2 a He
;8/8| 2 S Se a ce ee @iai 4 a) aia
sle/a/b |e /2)8/2 i212) 2 |e) 82
fei S| a) ee a la e | ae | ale | a eee
al * |
Ida Etta <..22...-.- ee ees lepaece oop stclocancdGeeke| seaee os lessee asac CE sane losacecistoac
M.M. Morrill....-. 5 Ree LOZ eo la Soa Ml eee ese a Beau pees eeeioe cl soorsGsessalnacec
Allie I. Algar...... Peis See e| 20) alsa el OSM 230 OTM lel O 04a emcee |e esas sk | cen eee
Decals <2 ---0s-.--|-<-- 20 | 141| 451 | 592 |....- es aia el aces IS aeee 30°|"""62'| 82
W. Ainsworth..... Sy igesely lily BY5 0 ee 2 eae eee neat aleoee eve 6L | 25.2 |ecc eee aaa
Su Geiswanleces sss. ee) 21) | 21 2h enon itNOsds meee N22! Se SL I TNE see 68 | 156 | 224
Stella Erland ...--- 8 | 16) 203 ATS | NORG! |2e2.)- | sisteisia ls siserste 4 | See Pistoia aeeertnts 33 | 132 | 165
G. W. Prescott....| 4| 5| 141) 188] 329 |..... ee Png Degeia Mepie ERIS fet
Bering Sea -------.| 4) 20 165 498 CEB Hes 52 isclae ide caciceleeee See eseceee 35 145; 180
K. E. Webster ..-.- PP Gilesesy ag PANES i CHAU aera ees 766 | ae.22i-l/o noses ios. 4 cena ee eees eee
Columbia ...-...--- 10) |), 163 Skolt oye AN A Seales ae esos lia Sella nobbooSs 153 | 216| 369
Mouis Olsens sacs |pesel anes cee nee cee aeee ete iS oeeleeae iti Rebs esees famsaeed oamcal|scccadios-5c
pRhereseaseree ae eee } Ieee 96 GEM) | 92010 he aeelApeoe Bt) Seog boepol/seeeene|sasac|ece2o||s5-5¢
Emma Louisa..-.--- arsine 108 SOO MDOT ssc lames Bie eeaalaseealSoepeoe|Poaac|besoac aaa
‘Rattler = =e --—=- l@ile 102 390 | 472 | 225 | 351 BIC IRanoclloseee Gade soallbooocl|ossaiidacac
J. Eppinger ------- lead - 113 BB) Gee oaee Ted lesebe Bape eeaeeec|sasad||socass||s55¢
Herman! 222 = ein = |e 103 B27 as Baer eles ne 687, [oad 2s mecis||ece see] Sees eee eee
Bonanza ..--..-----| LOM Eee 93 TOG) 289) Pees alesse 926i). << [o.< <2 <= se <jaie6| eee eee | eee
PALO sacerae eee a sae 44 | Wey Pl Goose leases Bib) Aes epeeeltoceocollscocs|cacoccliccose
Winchester .-...... | Sonu Boodos| Sees ss JI pases) oocealemere HOO) eee eeite|iiiy OQ Se are epee eee
Bowhead..-----.-.-. | Son|lescsaasosa6e5|jncu se 263 421 684 | oo 2 |e ooe) esac || panes Renee meee
AemaG) (CARN? coonsosao| * 8) |oasdlocaseelaocade sloeacine See ci 1,112 | 43 | 139 Men BapoalGoomao||boocs
S. Sutherland...... aopelleesqce [ioe eets ates sere = 35 | 264 3091s. 4|seccline sere] Seem [Secccrell seme
Mattie Dyer....... Were cWaSersighesecyects \accondlbebeoleaans 651]. 44:1 90')" 149) 2222) 2eeeee eee
Penelopekecce------ meee | Sens eH eneas) esas 164 | 208 DTA Sona eee sal| 98° |o2 522) ee oe eee
Md ereee coi ce scissie Terejorefatataicis|lleiaaeere ees lsbood||Senoallbaoedos|boaoc Beano |doscaccds 6 35 41
IMatildacse-s2252s-- ates aa Sale oe [shake dl ae ae ee | isco eae 5 | 30} 785
ISI@c es telstese cise ae | LDS oi ctoi asain i= seis l|feveratetere| | cin si||= e/a tec] sites = evel 5 ecesrs| ercrielal| ereeiotset 84 | 125) 209
Puritan lester esse APA jac | aot ees BR AL os PRN i 4 6| 10
Emmett Felitz.-... ie eee Eee eae eee Meee ternal (esecn oetslonmcias 9 40 49
C. C. Perkins ...... IRL 7a hes er | ee lesceers oseel pease specoadlloacts lets batelleccetee 8 26 34
JAW Gsopcosscecclseso (eb een elem arererate | ee |e Boe haetses| Heese eee apa fe DOE 2 4 6
R. Mereti\.-=-2.-<.- [2 Seod54) Gade ocSisssecelcoacd bocnellbecmaad|se50= leer] Seo 9 90 99
Measerseccasesuscss p2ON sa aE eee ae |p erey ON c2les rcieeell pce ce ee trvee I ate erate [orca evies 27 60 87
DOBSIO eo soeicee mee Se Remar RA Te ETE por cll Seeteya lace epee | SPR ea eral eee Hee 24 24
Kate and Ann ...-.|....|.-.-. [Saas aeouealine ta eee EBSA Seecoed |asace eee eeeppa|baccalbocSac 391
| oe | es | —_-___ cEeeel ——_ SSS
Moar. csesas eet OS MOnIoon ao e4 lame el sere 1S O2n hess | Sarai 1,079 | 463 {1,151 |2, 005
Pelagic catch of the Canadian sailing fleet for 1895.
Hon E Bering Sea. | Japan coast. | Russian coast. | Norge
| i | : a! .
Vessel. a | B | gz a | | a
gla 4 a (24) 3 h2| 4) ene
eel tek ee a Be ee Be ce ae
H| @ | & H |e le|a|/a\e|ael|a/e la
Mary Ellen........ -| 20} 106 | 356") S460l5.o: wi beape With HEPC Pere 90) tee lzseueleeece
(PIONCEL= =~ ~~ =~ eho] Soctecu|gacabocilscnoesalseoudl baad rly Gaeoq||geace EW eecod|iScbsilecose
Wanderer .....-.-.|- 10 197 | 159 356 |.--.- uit Se eee Saeeaeeee Jecdaoe \eccc | cesses Sere
Ib) Geese qasscadllc | 21 AG Weal OG) aly el seea eeicnolseacceoleoood Boece |.-----| 182 | 52 | 234
Agnes McDonald.. | 14 593M 6690 262 lear TAA ae oe) | 2c's el Baciatel cee eee eee
ManduSere. seeeenbe este BPI Gt | GEOG BED) Gee onle ean Vee Hose AT RSE Cee 185 | 102 | 287
Wibtiin) caasrenoosed|c 18 266 393 659s Seale cee ooenne eres Beenalseesee see o sec monic aot
Annie E. Paint.... Spas 191 575 (Gidleeeeelessaq plat aes] Bonne URES Ssclconclscc-
Sadie Turpel...-..- Be asceeen conaoon doceeca ened Beeee We FOSi eins ernstell 470 |eeee Wasco [teeta
Borealis .----..---- soe 96 641 TB \asadelphooe (EB Ga5es|oace= TH) Gaoc |eeaodllecsce
Miri hiaes specs nel: 43 | 680 NOOR MT SST Kos ss|ca see oe aie ee 353
IMermal ast <<sc/s+\= SS Raa Me Sitar eaeal Naya eta eadsiets || aaa eye 1 ti Ae eael Wocee THBhlcesa|teaee ene
Ocean Belle........ fell vate) (ats scs oe a epee Ose al eetewisile ise AM OSGH| aeeen eee 562) eee eee =etaroes
PNG Soaspapeseoe S00 CABRAed bsoebee| sede ecu| Mecaal eesee G80h | eae senice 426 || oe cea| eee eee
Katherine). ..2-.2--| 21 288 403 GT BERS eee lsaceeas |oaealseeadsooceclloavas seme EDO
San Diego ........- Siete ee hia iaia| cise eea| Se ere eat alee etal care Ae BY AUF SSR oal bessaes 9A) | 2s 05. Beeeleaene
Mary Taylor....... SOc Se eB kas oAedod Gorsabalsaode BRO epee 128 | 306 | 434 |....-|....- 369
CAG RCOxt res 6.4-0 eters 176 449 625) | Se ictee| sete i= UW esaclbascs PPAlspaeis|oac5 |= sons
Umbrina .......... Bed Reece] AsOnbOS MACE olosacel bacos TEV NSoans|aqcce PERE lboeadilenoac
Casconesasa nce sees ME ehalllsiermercinre etsetere ela eeaeleleistal siete | siste ns iL SOOM eater wets Cth Be Soclbecaciletcoc
Wil Vaio sceieciretatejee Hr Beene s| Boece loobddon bese Secice Gi RoRralee eas GES sou isacclncose
Geneva steer eehe DS eso Esser eee onc setae Meco THE re eee sole ane CUR ees oe esclasoc
Brenda. -cccjsosc InoadlsoodlesadoacllasaacodllsoonSéalisendaleiscda eu Selileesce later NM eaeacacse|le5crc

SFAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 47

Pelagic catch of the Canadian sailing fleet for 1895—Continued.

| Hunt - ; at Pe tae een | Northwest
eee Bering Sea. Japan coast. | Russian coast. | Goants
| ~ = A. = et Sed tot
: ee ee IA eee Meat Merete retreat I Tab fa ge || a
SPEIRS") ecm RS ic =O ee 8)
|e) a) = fete le | os |S le hs |S 1a |e
| |
Weraeencs 252252 19 177 | 272)|' 449 |
LONE SoS eameesece = IM) loeoesne secelcosscce leesooas
JOGE) Sopoeeeoscs|| ab} |eoed|scerces WoaGicoas joesacer
E. B. Marvin......- PxR Waoe TOS femeenlt 376
Director hs... 5s 23 Sae 317 | 300 617
Henrietta..-.....--- fase Man 45) 156 201
Dora Siewerd....-- Ree too 766 813 | 1,577
Whol) wk) Sappesomase Seal e-O) 601 566 | 1, 167
Labrador .......--- Bote sul 107 | 152 259
Obtoeere 2225.2 bec Set) ex 432 | 364 796
Penelope) = = =-\.5-5--l2-25 24 238 532 770
Sapphire’: 252224. |....| 37] 827] 956 |.1, 783
IWelawich 2. cer ee sa|a24 678 534 | 1, 212
PASNOKO/ sai 2 cisis =i sea o|120 479 515 994
PASC MOOnG: =--¢=-- ---| 30 730 812 | 1,542
. M. Smith.......-. Pawel: A 564 594 | 1,158
PAOLA - cscs mene | sales 527 713
IMSS Cot a= sc. - 2 -:<| 7 | 16 126 223 349 |
Rosie Olsen. -.....-.. eoesal ones aces Pees 5 Paw Seer:
Oscar and Hattie..| 9 | 24 648 | 519) 1,167 |
MROLOSA ee oe ose es. - arSa 7a" S30n oes 867
Cu yan det 52.58) nt | LON aL Sz 459) 641
Saucy Lass ........ | 6] 21) 269 432 701 |
Enterprise ........ 7|30| 947| 782 | 1,729 |
Beatrice (Shang- |
1071): (Coe eee ee ete 5 | 28] 608; 838} 1,446
Beatrice (Vancou- |
VOM ere a :aciscss's'a Saal 8 93 109 202
Wawasan ics = cs: 6 | 28 460 | 316 776
Keaterest s = c-2-05 3 6 | 21 279 394 673
SaMOSeu..- «a2 211 5 | 20 318 251 | 569
Wa vOEtele =. =+.c< 5 | 36 927 720 | i, 647
May Belle... .- <<. 7 | 28 437 | (676) 15113
Amateur... 222... PA |b Ua aot |e ajoeteieteeeeterae
Fisher Maid ..-.--- ols Oh eraetsal Botmccd| acaacce
Kalmeny=.----o---- 8) 18) | 2... cance epee lesemiaats
MountainiChiek=- 25) © 2) 16 3.2225 )sssseeeeeceee
Pachwellis ........ lnseall 145 | occas cee see Meee
Shelbyae=5222--/22: Ks eee Pee Piet calle ae
indianicanoe catchy |= sal scnclsoececelsensecn leone
South Bend........ Nt) | eoecece oe Neesqoce
Motalissas. oe 2---|---.|15, 877 |19, 896 |35, 773
|
SUMMATION OF THE PELAGIC CATCH FOR 1895.
Pribilof Islands herd. Commander Islands herd.

N B face R oa
orthwest ering apan ussian total.
coast. Sea. Total. coast. coast. Total.

Canadian vessels.........-- 9, 972 35, 773 45, 745 18, 686 6, 605 25, 291 71, 036
American vessels .......--- 2, 005 7, 924 9, 929 12, 362 1, 079 18, 441 23, 370
Mota esc sece sce 11, 977 43, 697 55, 674 31, 048 7, 684 38, 732 94, 406

48 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Table showing number of days during month of August, 1894, when pelagic sealing was
carried on in Bering Sea, as indicated by log entries of a majority of the vessels of the
sealing fleet.

Date. Vessels.

Aug. 1/ Mascot, Borealis, Earle, Favorite, Rich, Minnie, Etta. and Beatrice.

2 | Mascot, Therese, Etta, Triumph, Sapphire, Moore, and Katherine.

3 Bias cnt, San Jose, Borealis, Earle, Favorite, Rich, Therese, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice,
and Fawn.

4 | Jose, Borealis, Earle, Favorite, Rich, Therese, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice, Fawn, and
L. Olsen.

5 | Jose, Borealis. Favorite, Rich. Erland, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice, and Fawn.

6 | Jose, Ellen, Eirle, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Fawn,

and L. Olsen.

7 | Ellen, Borealis, Earle, Favorite, Therese, Deeahks, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice, Fawn,
and L. Olsen.

8 | Jose, Borealis, Ellen, Favorite, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Columbia, and

Beatrice.

9 Mascot, Borealis, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Columbia, Beatrice. Fawn, and Johnson.

10 | Jose, Borealis, Ellen, Earle, Mascot, Favorite, Rich, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Minnie, Columbia,

Beatrice, Fawn, Johnson, and L. Olsen.

11 | Jose, Borealis. Ellen, Favorite, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Minnie, Etta, Sparks, Beatrice,

Fawn, Johnson, and L. Olsen.

12 | Jose, Borealis, Rich, K Imeny, Erland, Minnie, Beatrice, and Johnson.

Rosie Olsen, Jane Grey, Arietis, Vera, Sapphire, and Aurora.

Borealis and Deeahks.

15 | Borealis, Favorite, Grey, Rich, Deeahks, Minnie, Beatrice, Algar, Johnson, and Sparks.

16 | R. Olsen, Rich, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, and Fawn.

17 | R. Olsen, Grey, Kilmeny, Minnie, Columbia, and Beatrice.

18 | Borealis, R. Olsen, Earle, Favorite, Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta,

Beatrice, Henrietta, Algar, Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.

19 | Favorite, Rich, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Henrietta, Beatrice, Algar, John-

son, and Sparks.

20 | Kilmeny.

22 Hillen: R. Olsen, Earle, Favorite, Grey, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Algar, and

awn.

23 | Favorite, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice, Algar, Fawn,

Jolinson, and Sparks.

24 | Favorite, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Henrietta, Algar, John-

son, and Svarks.

25 | Rich, Kilmeny, Erland, Minnie, Beatrice, and Sparks.

26 | Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Minnie, and Etta.

27 ake Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Beatrice, Algar, Fawn, and
ohnson.

28 | Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Henrietta, Beatrice,

Algar, Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks. .

29 | Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Henrietta, Beatrice,

Algar, Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.

30 | Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Henrietta, Beatrice, Algar,

Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.

31 | Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice, Henrietta, Algar,

Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.

_
ow

Table showing number of days from September 1 to 21, 1894, when pelagic sealing was
carried on in Bering Sea, as indicated by log entries of a majority of the vessels of the

jleet.

Date. Vessels.

Sept. 1 |srey, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Columbia, Etta, Beatrice, Henrietta,
Algar, Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.
2 | Grey, Rich, Kilmeny, Therese, Deeahks, Erland, Minnie, Etta, Columbia, Beatrice, Henrietta,
Algar, Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.
Therese, Columbia, and Katherine.
Triumph, Sapphire, Borealis, Ainoko, and Kate.
Rich, Columbia, Beatrice, Henrietta, Algar, Fawn, Johnson, and Sparks.
Beatrice, Henrietta, Fawn, and Sparks.
Erland, Henrietta, Algar, Fawn, Etta, Deeahks, and Johnson.
Beatrice, Erland, Etta, Deeahks, Johnson, and Therese.
Columbia, Beatrice, Fawn, Etta, Deeahks, Johnson, and Therese.
10 | Columbia, Beatrice, Erland, Fawn, Deeahks, and Therese.
11 | Sapphire and San Jose.
12 | Erland, Fawn, Deeahks, and Mascot.
13 | Columbia, Beatrice, Fawn, Deeahks, and Johnson.
14 | Beatrice, Erland, Fawn, and Deeahks.
15 | Beatrice, Erland, Fawn, Deeahks, and Johnson.
16 | Beatrice, Etta, Kate, Saucy Lass, and Beatrice.
17 | Beatrice, Etta, Shelby, Ainoko, and Beatrice.
18 | Beatrice, Etta, Venture, Saucy Lass, and Beatrice.
19 | Etta, Shelby, Beatrice, Sapphire, and Rosie Olsen.
20 | Etta, Shelby, and Rosie Olsen.
21 | Etta.

i

Cots oP w

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 49

Table showing number of days during month of August, 1895, when pelagic sealing was
carried on in Bering Sea, as indicated by log entries of a majority of the vessels of the

sealing fleet.
Date. Vessels.
Aug. 1 | Rattler, Mand S., M. M. Morrill, Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott,
/ ene Deeahks, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, J. Eppinger, Herman, and Dora
iewerd.

2 | Rattler, Maud S., Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, ‘'riumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Deeahks,
Willard Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, J. Eppinger, Herman, and Dora
Siewerd.

3 | Mand §., Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, Triumph, Columbia, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella
Erland, Alton, and Dora Siewerd.

4 | Rattler, Maud s., M. M. Morrill, Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, Triumph, Columbia, Deeahks,
Allie Algar, Willard Ainsworth, J.G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, J. Eppinger, and
Dora Siewerd.

5 | Borealis, M. M. Morrill, Victoria, Triumph, Columbia, Deeahks, Allie Algar, and Stella
Erland.

6 | Bering Sea.

7 | Maud $., Borealis, Vera, and Deeahks.

8 | Maud S., Victoria, Columbia, Deeahks, J.G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, and
Rattler.

9 | Mand 8., Borealis, M. M. Morrill, Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, Triumph, Deeahks, Willard
Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea. Stella Erland, E. E. Webster, Bonanza, J. Eppinger,
Rattler, and Dora Siewerd.

10 | Maud S., M. M. Morrill, Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia,
Deeahks, Willard Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. E. Webster,
Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, and Therese.

11 | Mand S., Enterprise, Vera, Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Deeahks, Allie
Algar, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa,
E. E. Webster, Alton, J. Eppinger, and Therese.

12 | Maud S., Vera, Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Deeahks, Allie Algar, M. M.

| Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J.G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. E. Webster,
Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, and Therese.

13 | Triumph.

14 | Victoria, Vriumph, Deeahks, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Louisa, Alton,
Bonanza, J. Eppinger, Therese, Rattler, Herman, and Vora Siewerd.

15 | Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Deeahks, Allie Algar, M. M. Morrill, Willard
Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza,

| J. Eppinger. Therese, Rattler, and Herman.

16 | Louisa, J. Eppinger, and Dora Siewerd.

17 | Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Deeahks. Allie Algar, M. M. Morrill, Willard
Ainsworth, J.G. Swan, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. EK. Webster, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger,
Therese, Rattler, and Herman.

18 | Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Deeahks, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, J. Eppinger, Therese,

| Rattler, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.

19 | Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Willard Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Stella Erland,
Louisa J. Eppinger, Therese, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.

20 | Victoria, Triumph, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, Deeahks, Alhe Algar, M. M. Morrill, Willard
Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza,
J. Eppinger, Therese, Rattler, and Herman

21 | Columbia, Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Allie Algar, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J. G.
Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger,
Therese, Rattler, Hernan, and Dora Siewerd.

22 | G. W. Prescott, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland,
Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, Therese. Rattler, Herman, and Dora
Siewerd.

23 | Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, Therese, and Herman.

24 | Columbia, G. W. Prescott, Allie Algar, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, Stella Erland,
E. E. Webster, Alton, J. Eppinger, Rattler, and Dora Siewerd.

25 | Allie Algar, Louisa, J. Eppinger, i herese, Rattler, and Herman.

26 | Allie Algar, Columbia, M. M. Morrill. J.G.Swan, Bering Sea, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton,
J. Eppinger, Therese, Rattler, Heriman, and Dora Siewerd.

27 | Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Allie Algar, Columbia. M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J. G.
Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa. #. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger,
Therese, Rattler, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.

28 | Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Allie Algar, Columbia, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J. G.
Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger,
Therese, Rattler, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.

29 | Bonanza.

30 | Deeahks and G. W. Prescott.

31 | Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Alton, Bonanza, Herman, and

Dora Siewerd.

S. Doe. 137, pt. 2——4

50

SEAL LIFE ON

‘THE

PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Table showing number of days from September 1 to 21, 1895, when pelagic sealing was
carried on in Bering Sea, as indicated by log entries of a majority of the vessels of the

sealing fleet.
Date. Vessels.
Sept. 1 Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, M.M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, J.G. Swan, Bering

Sea, Louisa, E. E. Webster, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, Therese, Rattler, Herman, and
Dora Siewerd.

2 | Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, M. M. Morrill, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland,

G. W. Prescott.

Therese and Rattler.
Deeahks, Columbia, M. M. Morrill, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, Bonanza, and Dora Siewerd.
Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, Bering Sea, Louisa,
E. E. Webster, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, Therese, Rattler, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.
Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, M. M. Morrill, Willard Ainsworth, Bering Sea, Stella
Erland, Louisa, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, Therese, Rattler, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.
Deeahks, G. W. Prescott, Columbia, M. M. Morrill, J. G. Swan, Bering Sea, Stella Erland,
Louisa, Bonanza, Rattler, and Dora Siewerd.
Deeahks, Columbia, and Bonanza.

| Columbia, Louisa, and Rattler.

Bering Sea, Louisa, and Herman.

Stella Erland, Rattler, and Dora Siewerd.

| Bering Sea.
|

| Deeahks, Bering Sea, Stella Erland, J. Eppinger, Rattler, and Dora Siewerd.
_ Columbia, Bering Sea, and Stella Erland.

Louisa, Alton, Bonanza, J. Eppinger, ‘Therese, Rattler, Herman, and Dora Siewerd.
G. W. Prescott, Allie Algar, Columbia, Bering Sea, and Louisa.
J.G. Swan and Bering Sea.

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from
1878S to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken.

[Data collected by C. H. Townsend and A. B. Alexander.]
AMERICAN SCHOONER SAN DIEGO, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1883.

Lat- | Longi | 4 i| Lat Long-

Date. itude. | tude. | Ses: || Date. itude. | itude. | Seals.

1883 aSINEee » 6|), 2a | 1883 Ni heaee
MiargasOlcete ccs cic seencees | 37.45 |.125 30 Ohl bye tiSecoosossanesénos5 55 34 | 163 30 22
ADE.) ea skieseesetsmecis = 47 23 | 127 24 29 || U Bapadcansocceapo ds 55 40 | 169 12 |...----
MBG fcsao cs sce esa OL O4 HIST ADM ease mals eR eB qe aSoacoSAeeE 55 00 | 169 00 293

AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1884

1884. | N. W. | 1884 N. WwW.
WMebs) W253 <2 552s scelseejec| said aes Banged UA Nps NYG Gace tecoaeocembEe 47 43 | 127 43 18
Da ciecic dameselsesers | SGEMGEIN Se arecc 6 || Sleeno sein baoaU eSBOeE 47 56 | 127 07 2
CS Re eer net ace ST AUSHIEE. cetemt fall MBAs see code succes 7 33 | 125 44 48
OF nee ebe css 39 30 | 124 40 4 || a ee ee ae aseoaal repro oclicn s-oo5c 11
WSN aerate toc eeloeeee pte dase ese) ty Sl ee eae | 16. 22eteseie esc 47 53 | 125 47 13
DA oan jaiarat = oles cleaetere ot) Gh | Seee aoe 6 || Dao cboadooseqosases 48 04 | 126 13 11
SULA a Ny Maks 2) Ls Cae ea nN 35 || TQ2e:, Renate tee 47 57 | 127 10 32
DO) p25, ho) Sec ewicataaetl| 4202) a= scs< 3 38 || PN SReGeboboooGEnaoke 483.00.) Sanaa 13
EVE aT oh Ol sete ceicisia oct e eA Ever scans 21 | Po SOOO CU AIO. 50 12 | 128 30 14
Die asthe als atatoel ee eae hal eenteene te eee 21 20 ties ee wo ne loi 49 55 | 128 50 2
Decisions CORN eee ae 24 || OG oJ ocetccaertinicns Jia 49 54 | 128 34 13
@ aie cee e eee etee see SeBpoeee 215 Mian ld pee ere neem soe 48 33 | 126 30 15
Daisies coectsisisiesetete 42 18 | 126 50 7 LOS eaiclarigameien\ce ats 48 26 | 127 30 12
UseocaSneoenoossose 43 10 | 125 30 4 || Up esaeesaseacobooels 48 35 | 128 15 5
Bere se aio Seems ceiee 42) 58) |e oe eco 23 || Te Se aanactaccoats 49 15 | 127 50 25
DD eS aie Stain wie mw crsjnpermisinte 44 29 | 125 48 12 Per Sa abaaae SOROS aae 48 40 | 127 30 6
BE Ma ectars ste yeivereciueet 44 48 | 126 12 3 28 etactac meses 48 30 | 127 45 14
1 ee SO SREB OSA 44 50 | 125 39 23 || Da remen eee ceiciaemaas 48 28 | 129 30 3
LD ect eee (ais osie sie eee] 44 22 | 125 31 16 || PANE GRABS O ON OOOOOS 50 31 | 131 40 uf
UGn = Seboceacmoebete 45 54 | 124 50 LOW Koily, Geese eeoee scence 55 50 | 166 50 2
pidepejeteysteyets em rtsie oreictere 46 38 | 126 00 | 8 Dein weseieerasne ee iee | teenie lao aaes 4
HON DONS (craraanieicicisisiniel eines miei ese seca 21 | GS oseccawactissiisiateieis 56 30 | 167 30 18
ids RR OR ATURE aE GEE 47 37 | 126 06 | 12 | Betict Samasneteaced 56 00 | 167 50 23
2S soape baaeoouneeue 47 39 | 125 58 4 Qo kee Ses eseee secs 55 10 | 167 35 16
Bealeton = treble einen oe 47 43 | 126 00 23 3 hstetoctiaten meters 55 50 | 167 47 Ff
See shh ta eae recto cte 47 10 | 125 00 14 TAM cise tiene etea es eters 55 50 | 168 35 44
CAT ute soma ce siciciticlnactiens 47 42 | 126 03 21 Detect eee aeeseet 55 56 | 168 24 98
See ceisiisciessiacices 47 31 | 126 44 20 Ua Ab accocRsoanden 55 52 | 168 00 64
Goeresecscacsencce 47 24 | 126 19 12 1 eSB eacedaaSOade4s 55 52 | 167 30 22

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

5

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from
1S78 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1884—Continued.

Lat- | Lonei- Lat- | Longi-
Date. itude. | tude. Seals. SEE Ute itude. | tude. | Seals. .
1884. N. | W. 1884. N. W.

divi) Ol, 3s eae eee 55 30 168 00 BPW JN poet oe ege bee 55 10 | 169 30 140
7 SS Se aa aS 55 09 | 166 49 43 SI ey ort ae 55 13 | 169 39 67
27\.- ce 54 30 | 168 00 4 Ti eee eel tee eee | 55 08 | 170 00 63
2. : Seg eee ee 54 40 | 168 50 43 ING) ae et ara LS | 55 10 | 169 05 14
[| eae 55 00 | 168 30 4 LGR aes BAS 55 00 | 169 00 28-
Dil 54 20 | 170 15 25 IGE Sab enee 54 35 | 168 40 | 41

UNG HRS 5 ee ee 54 30 | 168 00 15 1 GEES Te eet el 54 43 | 166 20 26

Me hs 54 41 | 170 28 6 10). GbE ae oe Heun 54 25 | 167 20 10_
3 cee 54 47 | 168 30 63 DMS Se eee eee 54 53 | 165 15 50
2h JOA LS 5415 169 00 8 Sees SEW hes 54 50 | 165 20 53
Gee et 55 18 168 19 10 De fea ees 54 50 | 165 40 66
Tht ee ee 55 25 | 169 00 131 DENG h ule Nee ues bet Al (eer Vee eon 2
Soc Ge ae en 55 18 | 169 39 21 |
|
a@ Bound for walrus.
AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D.McLEAN, MASTER—1885.
1885. N: | W. 1885 N. Ww.

TOs 2. | 88 34 | 124 00 AaMiay: Obese eee ce cee 56 16 | 137 51 48
2) se ee | 34 42 ; 124 30 14 Oe eee See 56 27 | 137 43 2

Doct. a ae | 39 43 | 124 28 15 SI ereen oe eee tocapel le Ans 7

Fi. Qa a ae ae | 39 42 | 124 10 Se ltkorane dete eee eee 58 11 | 138 10 7
ies eR as | 39 35 | 124 20 16 DA Weis Bird ANE 58 00 | 138 23 2
113) - ae eee | 39 36 | 124 40 1 BAe ae 57 40 | 139 00 38
TG}. = 5 ee 39 50 | 126 00 3 A RS oR ee ate 57 55 | 140 00 8
7/2 aeRO EAR eres Lee 8 33 Re ae eR Oe 57 49 | 139 47 15
P10) .55 Fee AQ allel ees 3 ore 14 asus eae 58 20 | 144 30 4
Die ee Se Fae 39 55 | 125 10 10 (oye we ie rae ed 56 13 | 148 21 3
DS: SAGES See ee ae eee eee 5 QU eee RA eee 55.58 | 151 49 1
Onan fete taro Nar 39 50 | 124 30 9 aT ear ar ee Hr Ss 54 20 | 157 18 1
Man melee: steer ore cs 39 38 | 125 55 Tal iow eRe tay hy 53 50 | 158 10 43
Geese nen Ses eee S 38 57 | 124 25 29 dae PS 53 37 | 162 33 3

sco ee 39700) eee 39 TGS Sas ser toees 53 30 | 164 30 20

2 edi eens aaa 41 20 | 125 35 3 NOE, eee ee 53 00 | 167 00 14
0). 52. toons) et Rca 42 50 | 124 40 3 PASIAN oa Ok Bt Soa al ER ae lh ee ys | 1
NM ee ioe a2 = 43 02 | 125 00 45 SOME CEs a Se 55 40 | 165 17 1
Py, 5 3 Se A Cee 43 07 | 125 40 OGnliRoaly slsecnemereeeee 56 17 | 168 23 31
TE hee a ae 43 19 | 125 00 27 1
eee ey ne te 43 50 | 125 00 9 39
TUT (ss eee Ne i ane 44 54 | 125 15 2 a
Seen es hae oe ae a 45 09 | 125 15 8 3
110) 46 ne Ree ee 45 40 | 124 30 ll 15

CY pat ae a al a 45 40 | 125 00 13 95
GOL <3 oe pe a AG AGO |e eaeee 2 1
Bente Say ee ee 46 51 | 124 50 3 3
TB 93a ee RE 46 57 | 125 30 18 28
PO caches ees AEN | 47 25 | 125 30 14 14
De to 47 46 | 125 00 15 5
Ol: Sees eee 47 40 | 125 12 12 33
18). ee CE 48 05 | 125 30 18 15
SOM eo 48 00 | 125 30 8 7
See SN AC 48 10 | 125 30 4 8
PATS Meee se cto a ce a axe 48 42 | 125 30 2 50
125 27 11 2

126 25 12 67

126 50 15 43

126 40 1 32

127 00 13 23

126 15 1 55

a ee 2 18

pees BES ene 10 19

ze eee 6 | 44

127 00 6 39

eaten 4 20

eee ec 13 47

129 20 3 41

130 3 7 0

132 48 aly 23

132 50 5 83

133 58 3 II 2

137 00 4 24

137 10 26 21

137 51 8 25

137 56 19 7

52

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF

ISLANDS.

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacifie Ocean and Bering Sea from
IS78 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued.,

AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1885-——Continued.

Lat- | Longi-| . Lat- | Longi- |e
Date itude. tude. Seals. Date. itude. (nde, Seals.
1885. N. Ww. 1885, N. Ww.
Ace yO ee Soe annie 54 3i | 168 27 HOW) Ape Bie sce Sasccesccasee 54 22 | 169 10 23
DY as a ee a ie See 54 26 | 168 23 GD Wish ibedeadoddasasasous 55 30 | 168 45 34
Gye EN ae ote 54 26 | 169 26 15 a Re eS aap 55 00 | 168 00 48
Oh) ae eee Se ee 54 09 | 169 00 48 Bala ae Oe Se oak ti 55 12 | 167 10 24
AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1886.
a = “ Bly
1886. N. Ww. 1886. N. Ww.
Maboa hao eee os sae 39 00 | 124 10 IL Nafiby iy epee oscoqoasueEE!| 56 41 | 138 50 139
ieee eS Lema A 40 00 124 50 10 | Pe ns Sar ee) ee 56 38 | 139 00 151
ee eee ee Ae 40 10 | 125 27 9 || SUC see aid 56 50 | 138 39 44
CE ee So gar 39 35 | 125 00 4 || 60-7 Sai ees 57 50 | 139 55 95
Tt Rete ee LS hee ie 40 01 | 124 40 3 || Tee eee | 57 40 | 139 35 125
Ty ea et a a oe hs 38 31 | 124 08 36 || CN Se ee eae Sh 8 57 36 | 189 57 197
Qe ae ae 38 33 | 123 50 44 || OS ae a ean 57 31 | 140 41 179
Ih oer ee seas eter 38 30 ; 123 47 29 |) [0 25S Ree Mea at 57 09 | 140 48 172
NG ete BASE daly Cre B8h35y ee eeeeee 8 || 1 ee eae 57 05 | 139 50 38
Diese nau ee BaNSSa Cie anne 4 TDI aw, pee nere ee! 57 10 | 139 40 32
Marr ase oe eee Monae 38 00 | 123 34 O30 |e Deen ent eee eee 54 40 | 168 45 24
Ci piee Wire Bante Oy se 38 31 | 123 31 14 | Sell Nh eee 54 20 | 168 32 | 27
Bee eee SLAG 38 48 | 123 50 11 ie Ae ot BARS ins deat 54 45 | 168 35 157
17 om Oe che hy eer ee 39 47 | 124 23 2 Ds anna eee | 55 04 | 169 25 79
(ee hak beads 40 27 | 125 00 5 130 ee ee ele 155103" | GOR4On emo
GEE EEN ha ee 40 40 | 124 48 21 | 15 see eee eee 54 58 | 168 10 60
DUNS ae Me eRe ee Seay 48 15 | 125 26 5 | hy ESHA RAME BEE MAAS 55 04 | 169 33 57
Ob ea eae ne meyeeneeta us Ure ee | See 1 | Ib: peste I ate. 5! 54 50 | 168 50 96
PA Lag at See ble 47 45 | 125 31 24 | D1 Ree SOUR Nar este 54 58 | 170 28 51
SONS AM ae ae! 47 51 | 125 11 26 | PP gna Aine Abb AE 54 36 | 170 40 135
SOR Se eee eee ee 48 00 | 125 20 9 | Dg hates de ee 54 45 | 168 30 74
Bil ce ee ae Ee 47 52 | 125 00 9 | 25 SAE cet ae em |) (54) 5 eens 49
ING Ge OTe aan a ate 47 49 | 125 00 7 OG SRE BIRR Ree te S| 54 51 | 168 34 31
OR ae a 47 36 | 124 50 5 PES a Mee stm etal ea 54 40 | 168 24 230
Bao BBE ee eee 47 34 | 125 08 19 | FR see re ta ee 54 45 | 168 47 135
eB ye NOS NS ae 48 20 | 126 56 20 SU ee 1 eee | eee 45
Tee Noe Ia Pans 48 36 | 127 02_| Bill Agro: deere eee 54 45 | 168 00 152
107.9 ak RC om a OE 50 17 | 128 30 | 4 | SUNN Hainer 5872 137 | 54 50 | 168 00 87
LITE Seah eae: Oh. 50 12 | 128 17 1 BL Re ee es 2 54 51 | 169 15 45
SLE See Se 49 51 | 128 16 90 | PA Wi ae ee TS a 54 30 | 168 3 8
1G: Bat ai Ak 2 0 O18. Ihgoackae x 16 | Bice: are ee 54 00 | 168 10 6
EY Re epi ie bad Set 49 54 | 128 15 10 || Tt a eh 53) 40h =e 93
DOs Wie ee het Sy Fae: 48 33 | 125 56 | 13 | Sa oe a. 53-30) Joo seeee 61
Daas See eR a 48 15 | 125 40 | 34 | Oi eLeeete a 5400)|soee ee 88
Dies a Beaty Na Sharh 47 45 | 126 00 | 5 | IRD eES SAN oie ee aN 53 50 | 170 30 127
TN eae) Oe aes by ats age 48 15 | 125 15 | 18 || GR 2 oh alee aS 53 15 | 170 00 18
Sitar en ee ees 48 14 | 125 25 32 | LS ee ee, 53 51 | 169 45 44
Fo See ea et 48 27 | 125 56 | 63 | aL Ost te eee eg ak 54 40 | 169 00 146
Fe ee Cea oF 49 49 | 127 27 20 | D1 Aa RS 23 ae es 58
eee Pet od Sent 49 30 | 128 20 17 | Pe PU face: arty ey 54 45 | 167 20 37
CREASE afin eke evice 49 54 | 128 22 | 53 | Dai Se age tebe 2). a ee 31
TORS USNC ees 49 10 | 127 20 24 | |
| | |
AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1887.
1887. N. We | | 1887 N. Ww.
Abts PENSE SE Ta ae 41 18 | 125 45 27 EAC rs Geee a acne es 49 14 | 128 16 18
MODS Goss assweseeeseee 37 44 | 124 10 | 23 I i eae: 33
Tics Sapa te eee ee 38 00 | 124 00 | 7 II Soe e st Sees coemesmne 49 83 | 127 54 7
IN RR Gre ere tea Heal restora al [a Ener, etal | 5 || ES ape seme ma eerol 49 36 | 127 29 | 5
MIST NY Leela cete wate eee 38 00 | 124 00 | 4 Oba Sao sheeeese 50 07 | 128 45 15
LBS DAH Beare By ete os 400535 Pao. | 4 ioe cntaracute ec ee ea eit 2
Oee Mie SE ENS 47 38 | 125 35 | 7 || 15a ese ee| 49 30 | 127 30 14
syne oe eee ee 47 38 | 125 35 DA GMicie. Oeste ae eee 50 17 | 128 40 38
SLUT a eete, SIR hos ae eee 48 00 | 126 00 | 5 || i I eta ene tt ae Cee 50 01 | 129 00 19
1 Oue wees LL CaO 48 18 | 126 36 39 Soe Se a eee 5
PAE Ve SA Re a a 48 00 | 126 20 | 27 || UREA eee Cope ae 52 00 | 134 12 71
iW A 2 Rm PE Te 48 00 | 126 34 10 || 15 ey We A, |e ee 3
OB ERG: SMCs 48 00 | 126 30 | 59 || I eRe A SIE 21 SR SO 55 45 | 136 34 10
PS Ra ea ee age ee 48 00 | 126 30 6 || rie g covet pen lina Te iedih gt 55 38 | 136 00 96
POURS A) SRE aes Be oe 48 06 | 127 40 6 Fy nei oS ae OR 56 13 | 136 00 | 1
VR Ee Ree ater ut 47 42 | 126 00 | 2 | DOE NE A SAE C HE Tihs 56 52 | 139 i1 20
OS Gee hoes sacs 48 00 | 126 00 | 29 | PE ae eB oe 5 57 26 | 139 44 24
Sos eae, DA tc 49 00 | 127 00 | 10 || See aes le aaa ete 56 48 | 138 57 24

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS

53

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from
1878 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. MCLEAN, MASTER—1887—Continued.

Lat: |oneiuree,: || Lat- | Longi-
Date. itude. | tude. Seals. Date. itude. | tude. Seals.
| |} |
1887 No le cepee I 1887. N. | Ww.
Nii G0 aaa eeeere sere 57 43 | 138 00 SH Wedraly: 9 S<ceee tees sees 54 44 | 168 25 4
Bay ce Lodge in Wee a | ee oe 7 | iL yats oe aK (nee 5
TAG 11 Sa eee | 56 36 | 139 00 32 || TOES owe Feces) 55 32 | 167 36 38
Dy. eapeeinatie Sieel Sere | nerd nals eee 34 || i a eee Jee eee | 55 47 | 168 10 134
i ES oe eee eee) 9 UTES ERROR 5 oo | 55 24 | 168 04 54
Gis EL Seas | 57 32 | 143 02 23 | TSA Secor eee 55 30 | 167 45 103
1h ae a EEN | 57 44 | 148 28 5 || DEE ee a Fe 55 51 | 168 10 29
Hebe Sec eet 55146" \ 150858 1 || pote BLE TRS 55 25| 167 40| 144
i, eee eas Sacer 55 01 | 156 17 36 | iets eek et See 55 20 | 167 20 74
11G) 3 See eee a ee ered 54 38 | 156 20 fA Obie we ieee a he 55 41 | 167 51 49
GR ess ee 2h 5430 lee 1 | DGG LERA Saale Cs: 55 15 | 167 40 49
1) oe ee ee anetee, 53 43 | 162 02 1 || Oy (tec age arnt BRE eel Meceenca 22
Oe 8 ab oF 52 57 | 165 18 10 ET Geet ees eee ae 54 28 | 169 00 70
oe eee een ae 52 48 | 167 05 STAN ACc asl eeee Be eae ee ease 54 41 | 169 00 95
Dommas 2 Sue hedsea ORSON 11(D).. _dosece | Eres Sa NE ee 54 20 | 169 00 11
Ges ete Be 53 30 | 172 30 28 | GS ee aaa 54 15 | 171 00 239
27. ane eee 53 17 | 172 16 20 || GM Ae es 54 15 | 170 30 45
Doman ss Sees 52 50 | 171 lo 10 || ER ROE ERI 54 22 | 170 30 12
DOMME ascites | 54 40 | 170 20 2 Saar men es es hae 54 00 | 171 00 53
91) 2a Ree eee 55 40 | 170 10 | 1 || OE ee oar oe ae | 54 18 | 171 30 23
Salyame tee ee 54 00 | 170 48 | 8 pees ae: es 5419 | 170 01 29
DUNE ee eee 5102) sees | 39 || Tipe see emcee Ss 53 53 | 170 27 19
i ee 54 19 | 167 21 | 29 ic ea ean veg ee aN 53 47 | 169 57 | 20
REE er ere! ects 54 20 | 167 18 | 37 TOMA AS Mee far sie f 53 37) 170 05 | 87
Reon fobs. al {2a 26 | 3
|
a Bering Sea.
CANADIAN SCHOONER FAVORITE (BERING SEA), D. McLEAN, MASTER—1886.
| }
1886. N. | Ww. | 1886. PSN) aware
halk (2) SE en eee 55 54 | 167 25 Tea falls hOO RA Sees ees 2 55.15 167 43 | 119
(). eee 55 58 | 167 08 16 SO meneeen Seen eee 55 24 | 168 08 106
HOMME Se ee: 58 37 | 169 09 78 | Pies ane ele Ava 55.17 | 168 17 | 128
Til eee een eee 55 18 | 167 21 SE PAC AE oe RAT ek ES | 54 50 | 168 49 | 32
DMR Late Nes = | 55 19 | 167 23 106 | DEB RMER LS AR ines | 5440 16850) 142
1). Sete ae ie 55 25 | 166 56 173 || Sha peE ieee co 54 39 | 169 23 | (a)
1c Sa a ee | 55 20 | 167 05 149 | Dia peeey Jae we 2) 54 35 | 168 40 j....-..
1 5 Seep ee Sense mmaaet On mare Xl) 24 || Bima Wewee AER eee =< EEL EID eM Beeemek
13 So ae ee 55 30 | 168 00 47 || GaSe me eeaae cece 55 06-| 170 40)/2..0 222
17? | ES a a ' 55 30 , 168 00 139 | PG TAY A Cae GU Gal) aii) 5 eee
10), Sa eae 55 39 | 16825 | 118 Sk Beis oe ee HAVA Gm elie Olena eceme
Mea cae oir. 2 e's 55 32 | 169 11 124 | (es ee gr ne 55 03 | 170 40 |....-.-
Dil 3 Se, Cael 55 35 | 168 50 45 jee Ne oe 8 Rae 5445 | 168 17)\|_----2:
OMe ep en) 2 55 32 | 167 10 3 | gE EE ae te 55 24 | 168 35 |.......
O8) a ae ee 55 26 | 167 15 92 phages Pes Cav eee he 55 30 | 169 10 |....-.-
Dae Moos Tn | 55 21 | 167 30 31 GR es ee sae wee 56 15 | 166 45 |....---
Pilate Nemes ta Se 54 55 | 167 30 16 | ie ee Lae aa 55rd Ome l6p 20Mlee eo cae
Degete ame ls 55 01 | 167 49 154 | 1B tay: Bee Se a Fed) TG 2) || So edeee
a From August 2 to the end of the cruise no record of seals written in the log.
CANADIAN SCHOONER FAVORITE (BERING SEA), D. MCLEAN, MASTER—1887.
1887. N. | WwW. 1887. Nie Wes
Miuly, WOPs seo ees k toc se 55 17 | 166 41 OpllieAargrs Avec she eet ss | 535 16) 168 29 29
7S CO ee eee 55 42 | 168 37 23 Ae ESE Me MBO LIL | 55 05 | 168 45 83
HOMME aware. 55 53 | 168 30 13 Buea RoE Ny 55 45 168 50 105
TEMES ck Pe 55 40 | 168 18 ad4 Gia ees ey Salas 55 45 | 168 47 108
11 eee epee 5523) GS 30m pee Sie Ee ee ee oe | 55 38 | 169 18 109
See A et oe? 55 20 | 168 24 | 13 ee ee ace ee fe | 55 47 | 169 23 36
10. 55 12 | 168 30 4) TOU RUOE ae PMS 3 55 48 | 169 20 103
Ee 200i 55 12 | 168 30 46 DBS SAE OR Die 55 30 | 169 00 10
ROMO Re ee 18 55 15 | 168 25 | 68 Tae NO, kOe 55 20 | 167 56 26
11) a eae 55 28 | 169 00 |......- IGE OLE 2 Bs ape 55 03 168 20 147
2) one eae 55 38 | 169 12 1 LORS MSE REOABE CRE | 54 37 | 168 17 | 3
ONE a Dek 2 TL 55 19 | 169 00 59 OS aa Rd EO Fe 54 30 | 168 25 14
DOMME PEE NA a fos 55 13 | 168 50 5 0) DAER SESE GEN Us | 54 30 | 168 50 57
TER i Ese ea 55 14 | 168 45 18 25 WME: MNEs 4k | 54 25 | 169 00 | 16
Ame ee a 55 27 | 168 40 171 || CY UIE Stare tie ete 54 20 | 169 12 122
Oper ae reece hs 55 17 | 168 50 9 OF ie RE ARE RE 5t 06 | 170 04 | 140
DOM ONE eee oo. 55 05 | 168 40 4 OX alata os he 53.55 | 170 00 | 19
Ths) tee as bee sees 55 20 | 167 40 4 —— -
Bile ee ees eee 55 06 | 167 45 56 Bee Cotalpeseassee acon |ooepeeae| y-2c- (eal BLO
I NGTITEA AE 55 30 | 168 30 86

a This catch made by white hunters.

54

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from

1S78 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER HENRY DENNIS (NORTHWEST COAST), R. H. MINER,

MASTER—1891.
Lat- | Longi-| q.. | Lat- | Longi-
Date itude. | tude. | Seals. Date. | itude. fades Seals.
|
1891 N. Ww. | 1891 | N. | Ww.
aA DT 20 Ne wien os See oe 53 40 | 133 30 SOR Miay29iac eee eaten cael 57 81 | 136 50 24
IN itny 9, Dee onaeneeee ec saaee 54 41 | 135 49 | 3 SOS oa nee ae | 57 38) 136 46 68

(ie ee a 3 ea 54 42 | 136 27 | 21 Bp hineess see ayes ase | 57 38 | 137 20 16°
sais, se eRe tee, Ee 51 15 | 137 48) | SHIPMAN Ea pene aN eS aw ee | 58 88 | 141 10 ily
Rees nt. alae te 57 40 | 136 51 | 90 (RES s ESTO AE 58 30.) 140 27 38
QE pera ts vie 57 40 | 136 51 | 64 | SSE Pee ane 58 12 | 140 27 2
I is See eee 57 40 | 136 51 | 64 | Bi otpaarepepees 2a: 58 31 , 141 34 39
De Reet ae a oce 57 40 | 186 51 55 Oia iadch whale ote 59 03 | 140 37 13
nae ae re as ne ee 57 40 | 136 51 | 30 iL DE esa Bn See SU | 58 57) 140 45 75
The erage tae et kt 57 49 | 138 50 | 35 I a a a a Ee 58 34 140 56 il
BR eee nae ee Se 59 08 | 141 08 | 49 TAU Tie TAO ae 58 39 144 25 13
OR ea eee aes Sa ee 58 58 | 141 19 | 1 | GMS Gee oo recseee 57 45 150 4 1
De SEE NEES es 58 48 | 140 18 | 31 17b eA ai ie ala) 27 9
Dp Macc er ay ky 57 20 | 136 49 | 1 TSE etd eee te oe | 57 05 151 00 3
Dimon ace see 57 35 | 136 52 | OMG | por ye 2 7eeeee e aeeee 51 32 164 44 1
pe eid Ua 2 57 35 | 136 52 | 1 |

a Portlock Bank, 50 fathoms,

600 pounds codfish.

b Codfish plenty.

AMERICAN SCHOONER HENRY DENNIS (NORTHWEST COAST AND COPPER ISLAND
REGION), R. H. MINER, MASTER—1892.

Jan.

Mebs war ataccecccae se ace

Mar.

EC ak VY Re a See

May: sleee aes Secon aaa

WwW.
IG PAU Seca May
125 37 1
124 30 | 1
126 38 | 24
127 00 | 9
124 46 | 9
124 36 | 30
124 42 | 8
125 58 6 | June
124 57 4
124 54 | 7
125 54 4
126 59 | 1
127 47 | 2\| July
137 38 | 5
138 06 3 ||
LSTESTO 8 |}
137 52 | 46
138 07 20
138 40 | 58 |
138 07 65 ||
139 51 | 1
138 30 27
139 27 61
140 13 | 40 ||
140 18 87 ||
141 48 5 |
141 48 116 |} Aug.
97 ||
perigee han | 173
ee aera vata
pee Sl 31
LAS ics 60
142 18 | 1
143 16 i
145 09 39 ||
145 08 38
144 44 4
147 05 16
146 27 8
145 45 179
146 27 15
145 30 3
148 57 1
145 12 25

Lie <== = elwle|m ie Ae = enim =

Nis ia
58 41 | 147 50
58 23 | 140 40
57 06 149 38
57 18 150 05
57 26 | 150 18
58 15 | 158 20
58 02 | 150 15
58 00 | 150 00
55 40 | 152 55
55 31 154 40
55 20 | 155 10

|

52 24 | 169 49
54 00 | 168 28
54 09 | 168 53
53 46 | 166 52
54 01 | 168 28
54 14 | 179 17
53 59 | 170 00
54 13 | 169 39
54 27 | 169 38
54 39 | 169 20
54 OL | 169 17
53 52 | 169 21
53 46 | 169 30
56 37 | 168 30
56 40 | 168 38
56 27 | 168 13
56 20 | 168 07
56 37 | 168 10
56 43 | 167 50
54 21 | 170 00
53 35 | 169 49
53 53 | 168 30

3 35 | 168 50
53 10 | 167 14
53 18 | 169 45
53 41 | 169 51
52 36 | 170 53
52 18 | 169 10
52 38 | 169 45
52 24 | 170 12
52 24 | 170 06

oo

oo
NNOONNRROUaA

bo

a Mount St. Elias north 50 miles.

b A few seals seen.

ce Copper Island in sight, bearing west.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. ay)

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from
1878 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER UMBRINA (JAPAN COAST)—1893.

: | Lat- | Longi- | | Lat- | Longi- |
ete _itude. | tude. | EET ee | itude. | tude. Seals.
| | | |
1893. Ne eee 1893. Wee | &.

AGN), 10) eae eae 88/00) ld 5uCOM eeeeees- Night PBAc Se nena aBeaeee | 40 15 | 143 33 | 43
O11): Seen s ane | 38 30 | 143 00 91 || Dae e rer Arai pre | 41 00 | 143 37 52
2) 2 CN pele ata ean tana 39) 30) Tas antes see ee Oi eee a ane res eyace 40 56 | 143 23 95
Diy, STAC SCRE ae 39 40 | 144 22 3 || Rue ee eb cee ie | 40 50 | 143 10 | 19
(uaa acral 38 30 | 145 55 31 || TI ta ee ot a en pg SO Ra On| eade oe yee
COC ea ee a ene 87 30! 145 40 79 || SOMES teen eee: | 40 30 | 144 00 6
St) eal SPOS aa es 37 15 | 145 17 filial heir ele Orpen ise eee | 39 50 | 145 05 | 26
Fi) ae PELE erat Se 37 10 | 145 10 51 BS en ee LT OS 40 11 | 145 05 | 47

Misia lees ceecen eto. 37 18 | 145 30 45 Bis 2 aol Sie SO aane | 40 50 | 144 35 13

Gute eh bee a 37 07 | 145 20 191 || RS A Ra es 42 00 | 145 06 | 7
Gian Een ate ee 37 20 | 145 09 10 |} eke Ee Ree ye 41 27 | 145 35 32
(5 See cei 37 0x) | lds ROOM eee eee \ NRG ee encore a ce 41 55 | 143 56 79
ee cen AUL oa Rice 37 36 | 145 15 } 4 A an ertnet kee h 41 57 | 143 50 51
(3 DA coe we 37 37 | 145 40 19 Oa eae, Se 42 04 | 143 50 9
11) SRS Oe 39 30 | 144 40 61 || Ts Sie aa 6 42 16 | 144 35 29
Lite See Tero 40 20 | 145 35 9 || Oa ee area ot ae 42 55 | 145 20 4
1D ees eae | 39 58 | 144 45 75 || yu ae eee eS ae 43 00\| 147 00 |-..--.-
i: See ee eee 240) 09) |it4 na Onl lees | ALAS ate ae 43906) 14756) |seenee =
(bo 2 eee ' 40 00 | 144 51 84 | ALE) eae eh eyo te ue a 43 06 | 147 41 29
1G 2 ee ee 39 50 | 144 45 18 || TG Eeeeee ae et AE 2 43 09 | 147 20 | 85
Gt eee RS 39 45 | 144 15 65 || Sey Gk Re 43 15 | 147 00 | 25
1 ae 39 59 | 145 55 97 || TIC pee a me ce 2 43 35 | 147 05 35
iis, Seen ea 39 25 | 145 15 61 || Papas te Ne aa 43 25 | 147 18 4
HOMO er kes 40 20 | 144 40 105 | Dea oer ate 43 12 | 147 33 10
210), Se eee 40 22 | 144 35 2 || DO ARE NaN WS pi 3 12 | 147 33 8
2), CON ES aa 40 10 | 143 40 2 || CE vn ee eee Ae a | ences Baa 7
CANADIAN SCHOONER TRIUMPH (JAPAN COAST), COX, MASTER—1892.
} Ht | |
| aNi: E. [i aN (oie

PAU IES is ees 39 17 | 145 06 Bal WAGD TS ischemic eens eee ee 40 04 | 145 10 35
2) el A Aes ana a | 39 36 | 145 02 95 |) DREMEL Se Dee Smee | 3943} 14539] 155
(3:5 Gas a ie eee | 40 00 | 145 08 64 |) DOS vane Nee LBL 20 | 39 26 | 145 47 | 67
Test ece aes ene | 40 28 | 145 28 9. SOLE ain Be ot | 39 23 | 146 26 | 25
© She ee 39 48 | 145 10 HES Miays aac uen sash eee S | 40 02 | 145 41 15

iy eeee eee a sere oe |) 8390491)| 145105 11 | etd a eer 8 he Le | 39 36 145 06 7
Til 2 SEE ee | 39 50 | 145 10 13 || Tee De Skee ERE | 40 22 | 145 32 | 15
T/L: On ee een | 40 13 | 145 26 | 43 Bic metane tase tre pot) oe | 40 15 | 146 18 33
1155.5, CORA ia nee mae | 40 10/145 05] 104 CET e ne Ok Oia eke | 4018 | 145 38 | 39
1G. 55 geee 2 St a | 45 09 | 144 09 | 38 Oakes, Sing ke | 40 36 | 145 12 | 17
17/53 Soe Dae ees | 40 30 | 144 25 | 9 Li SE ee IG | 40 05 | 145 20 | 48
igen te he | | 39 23 | 145 07 18 TD NS eke a 2 40 11 | 145 13 28
ON: 5 oles eee amo nl Nae MDG Cy. 13 145, ee eee eal | 40 11) 145 32 61
Dil. ee ae | 40 07 | 145 50 27 152 CR Ree a os | 40 39 | 145 21 10
(1, iS ge PS | 39 87 | 145 08 103 GEER ee are 40 46 | 145 21 34
is res
-CANADIAN SCHOONER TRIUMPH (NORTHWEST COAST), COX, MASTER —1893. a
ly NS Ww. N. Ww.

Persp (Mees sscrd pastes sv be5i7, 48))| 13 8esouleseten Wie Toskeconaseeseaacamelll ire 20 I) ae yy 103
TUT ge Sa ee eS Sil SS aialmesee mee fap Bk | 1) Gi) eee sede
Fae Mee Lik ha [yi58202 | LEO*ORNaanee 2 1 ap | tO RS eee
OM Maa ky Ta, By em dye lealett) a03))|| a5 Gua i ayy Laie |) 1 Bit JESS
OE) ee ae ie ei BT Ol Mess sulseeeeees | HGLa veer Te OU Nate RO AS (0s. |) TZ 7} eee
ft) a Le RoR a LBP) Bib ese pail Te AAs ot ie Nt eA ee 58 08 | 141 50] 0239
BY) Ss a ee le 58 31 | 140 06 |........ !

{|

a Captain Cox has found seals plentiful in September in latitude 49° 40/ and longitude 147°. A
good sealing ground is Mount Fairweather, 115 miles north one-half west.
b In three days.

56 SEAL LIFE “N THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Dering Sea from
1IS78 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued.

CANADIAN FUR-SEAL CATCH IN 1893.

[From official sources. ]

[Catch by each vessel of the British Columbia fleet and the place where the skins were taken.]

British | | British
5 Rus- | : Rus
Vessel. Polen: Jaen sian Total.) Vessel. Seo Japan sian | Total.
coast. BEN | | coast. coast
eRrinmp he cerac- == Iie} esooao. 623 | 2,336 || Wanderer---...-.- | 206) See aeer eee 206
Sapphireyccssscese- 262) Perera 341 | 1, 603 | WAW alee hi Sacjenelers poneosaa)| dy éuh! 30 1,471
Be Marvin. 5.0. SOAS | Sere rercters 517 | 1,531 || May Belle..-...-- Qe |e od<be 22) UN S525| Eee ere 1, 852
IMascotee- cee -cccnse BOT eee Sotalol eaS ee Uimibrin assesses. (eee ona 1, 827 625 | 2,452
Dora Siewerd ...-.- 1eADGH Gosswek 434 | 1,860 || Penelope...-...--- [eenee care 2 291 eee 2,291
dcabrad Onseseel-cea == 203) PR verte peers I e2OSN AVON aN Meera ierstererreee facets 1,910 99 | 2,009
Wie Aasea seposec 489) eaten ¥ 20 DOOM MEIONCeT sic |) 1.050" |'Ssa5 554/25 aeeee 1, 050
Annie E. Paint..--.. MAO ME ercteters 401 | Ue Wah | OVUM peccogecsooesce | 630i Seen 397 1, 027
IMaschiefic assesses = B44 eoewicr Sassen | 344 || Mary Taylor ...... 845) | Seeaeee 240 | 1, 085
Dianapeccreceeneee TO saesone OSU la OOla mB rendacss saceessee CEB eceonac 408 | 1,253
IVGONTUTEMe mac cicaice 2a eres eee 82))| Dibbie.. 4222 5.-5-- lS.a¢esee 1, 242 389 | 1.631
Mrermiai dleyay-t2 nates eielelctaie ta 940 315 | 1,255 || City of San Diego.|......-. 942 101 | 1,043
Wawa esas ate sche SOGGiS- sees ie | DeSSomnla Gen ONias senien ee ae eee 1, 612 454 2, 066
Walter -ANarlessselh G22 oso. cglecemecre G2 2m OASCO ms aeeee eee. eleanor 1, 473 199 1, 672
Beatrice, of Victoria! (iM ees ao |\scosace G5omitCarlottarG. Coxea=-|ee-nesee 2039605 -okOn |e
Ocean Belle .....--. IS BG Wo sae Soe | 547 | 1,863 | Oscar and Hattie..|...:.... | 1,178 | 1,020] 2,198
Mountain Chief .... IPE amor oc ens a5 eee SEn| WORETORA sete tae ees pareersce 677 147 824
ANAM endbssonoocca|anasdans 920 | 464 | 1,384 || Sadie Turpel....-.- | Picneued 927 475 | 1,402
Cape Beale.......-. SEN eee i steeiste S60 || Maud: S)sa2ec.s5- I"Ssaopeevers 0&9 tc aes 989
UGA PisacpannchoonsaS PLR eee ae steer leeeoom | eMiary IB llenveoceeeeeere ser 1, 573 406 | 1,979
HawOritels- eee a. | GAOT ee ee Basen WeOLO MN Viella. ic hieee ae eal 3 2109) eee 517 | 1, 838
SS Borealisis-ss-ceeeee lena ed Os pace carapace tersiosere 15,307 || Amnie(G. Moore 52 2/2222. 25: 822 333 55:
PNINOKO Rs Seeee cee DSA eres oe AGA 25390) NW. es ehall see eens. |tePsceearayernte 735 263 998
W. P. Sayward ...-. BOGE eo cael See 596 || Beatrice, of Van- |
Katherines:..--.---- BOD deere 363 715 COlWer ae eee 950) | 25 Se eee 950
SanvJiOse sececescnae D>} DEN ae a a ema Qa WO and! = secee ee 1, 060: 26.3: aeeeeee 1, 060
Enterprise -----.-.. aasaames 1, 027 274 | 1,301 || Indian canoe catch 2, 035 66) o:3e5e8 2,101
Agnes McDonald -.|.....--. 2,333 | 433 | 2,766 —! — —-]
Wactomarnce cee .sceee A20N Reese eccoss 420 Otel terete 28,613 |29,173 11,955 | 69, 741
Rosie Olsen ...-.-.- Bias) Megane |e Se 358 | |

Positions of fur seals observed by Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U.S. N., from steamer

City of Peking in 1878.

Date. | Latitude.

1878. | N
Sil eamiaann 2 sotale cise ialeie eis Sekai. eee et aninierersis ee laine ais aye acers\e aise sta iees cr | 45 OL
MONO oseeeee ere emsciee a nanice mee eens ea tee ec ioe l= sacbnbonaposdcocduesae 42 55 |
PUN OLA eavaseactcm terse ieee ran sere eee ee Been ere aero a eecerete Ce ee ere 42 44

CUA YS) AS State Cees Ay sec) Ae pene e tad pe neh A aOR ey nN nr SS aa 42

Longitude.

57

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacvfic Ocean in 1894.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

{From official sources.]

AMERICAN SCHOONER ELLA JOHNSON (BERING SEA), R. H. MINER, MASTER.

Date. Latitude, | Teng Males.) Females.| Total.
A ude |
| —= =| | WV | = x
1894. NE We

LE, Docendeacassoncss tensa Sacosssasencc occadasatooge 54 24) 166 45 | Ol eaeieeeecc 1
iQeneees oacued oseccn caso scetoodEdessnestdaao Rennes 54 46) 167 20 4 55 59
We Ses Aso ncdetodoScebuscBiooLassasaotco cuccehesDs 54 47 NGS ASH eee eee 9 9
i. sAbmesseedencesanse ahcousseudeonotectatonenad oes) 100) ) G8: 155 20 95 115
Hp Re oe cycle eratieka eee acts mists Main metes ane eisai | oe) 3a) P1685 \26 15 | 48 63
1). GOB RO OIG Da Sea E bea oDoN Ap esadde sean 4 consol 54° 15 168 43 18 47 65
TG) RA SRS Staats coset, ep oey sia) wel 68in2o)) 21 81 102
eters os ela Matas oid Sete nre ters ona ee me teminieescisiaa Gye Bh alah ye | 14 71 85
AB ac Sees rece ane cme ener eee eee acileiaas fy BES ale alse Ap 10 70 | 80
Dries ia is \srsrevereveiaierelainyeie (eis cia evar tia) = es aloiniara= fe einisi sve 55 OL 167 58 | 2 10 12
DBR an anisicla\eeiia=<tolaiais oeroiwticiaicle aimee eben elec sia | 57 37 169 03 | 5 37 42
Pf)... SEB RASME Dem bOS DOCS Ee panes vasdocd sqobSsoeeEe 54 15 168 57 35 63 | 98
Sill. - Abe ees oon aoce apes aoe me ase sabeans 4 adoScaoosr [earn 42 9 OF 168 34 | 15 3 49
Sills SSeS Roe SECS See Maasai bist sarc dimcnnorcrs 54 10 168 51 | 16 32 48
Saya, 3 es Na ae eS Ee ated ete | 54 69] 168 33 | 40 63 103
Rr ateie oleic eile sie ae = mis ciate | eee cree eiinneie otatiniersiors | 34 29 168 39 10 45 55
Ry Mea) aavelo aie wis ts Slee hie Sls e ciate aisle Sree etciete etele/s los) 5a 29 167 42 | 20 sly) 31
eae oa aaloie wlio a Sains Sais 2 SoS crise eae ences le oss 152 168 54 28 40 68
Bien fs Saalwc cle Se «aes sails = olSatorsiele crore seiieys versie sis | 54 49 168 54 | 25 30 | 55
1. So Riee enor aC ese OR AREEASReD SM ASO Noa C es coats oE 54 07 168 56 15 | 30 | 45
1S). coe Soo SSR Ge eee OB SOE AADESAEOO SodaSenooneee 54 52 169 038 2 4 3
FUE ayate oe oe eyo 2 ohare ies bye. sw alee ela fereeto eee teeter eee erie 54 41 167 57 | 6 17 | 26
Mo tales. Sessa t cio 5- ose Se eee Aer eects eseceeae | 322 892 | 1,214

AMERICAN SCHOONER DEEAHKS (BERING SEA), JAMES CLAPLANHOY, MASTER.

[Catch, 1,023;

155 males, 868 females. |

1894. N. Ww.

SAE) GSE eT 28 5 OE SMP 23) dc BTN OOIE. Suva wlleacenes kx PN « aa
7 sonaasretcas GpooeropespeseesersobabEs.dcconeasns 54 41 TGR UOP etree. eee | uf
Dp SOS RO ATES HS OSe SAD keep eMEMOb po GUudacticoanos 54 53 NO) May ee seseer oonenTonns| 11
(OES SEO GCL ARO ROREE BEER EE EROS Somes aam oboe 55 36 IP Uh Neepeoppeclicotsaoeed 2

Dy errctarad Pact ela rec iim soci fein = siete eee a amie ears ats 56 «02 RS, PE Neriaeaoat |Doocagcsate 55
1s sep eeaécogansCeRe TOS te ROO OnOE Ss cetinacécinaetione 56 10 A Bil ecrinass loco secco5 20
SEP ee rea oe tayo ays, alain ls Natasa taper nate yore tas 56 21 Ue, ON Baeeasers| los ask ese 1
II)s = quetde Ste ses ooa babe puboepad peoMoessccoseane 55 43 Wi ais EenescoallGeske-soos 9
UG oe SAR SRE Oboe cog EE GSBpoSSpan caadao= ssa dreqeen 95 35 1974.) HosaadisoSallanisonosane 1
PL eye ay oran mata =aleiore fete dans Sas orate once MR pe teIee eee = a). 2G) say WE) lo sodeseaifneomeaosed | 23
NOE ee) tata ais sai a rela is elegans See poe eee ee ete alee fy) DL) A AP oases JSoassouede | 13
(2720 5 es ee a a Ree RS Ee yrs Ce | Se era 54 10 Ii: (NO) | paeeosedllsea-Sennsc 51
2a) COSMOS Se REAR BORE ODeB Non odcemica StphapAnedNed 54 25 HOV BM eee A So ema p ao 36
hn Ome HR eHOSo Ss SEpOEUCoSpas ab CoGass At ote ae 54 35 Ale Wats epee acme cee soos 40
Wisc ddan tonceesdoeeerosspeb ose ross 7 bac soot sdokaee 54 59 UG, WON baséagass asictomrte 5
2 Son ecm Sone TEESE CRORE SC Abbe Cauda sao Aen Ase 55 03 TO Gas poossl sence oc 12
POUR OER ASAE ak aSone aa Soc e ee See Cereals Ey Berl) allay” Pil eae soa Repeats | 153
IETS ls oe cis slate ciage ce eis oie ASS Se ee eee aera 54 3 NO ee eee ened dllceqescecion| 91
Asc debs esoccbapoceeseunanebesasoonSsusUSKK6Ges 54 30 Ny Alb le ase Sols seconded: 58
All Se SEGSS SCO pep GeO OH OE Rebpaceaaaeat ogcde5 cbbea oe 54 54 NGOs BD Sosepspe |soaseerace 14

SS Ap Oemelee see veciscte ns s\teisiact so r= see eee esa GN PAI Catioe ef ee aa nallcooncinooae 170
Uaocodse Coan ASedopoaoboDNOUObeSooedatcbaan conebe BES Bele ae eee madoee|leaancodcos| 80
Uf nagtidoane Snos qposanpaepdacec asso 540500 scones 54 35] 166 57 | 2 2 | 4
Bee as one cme eeiaiaisteciaia's «Se eter ereaa cise 54 43°) 166 49°) 9 21 | 30
Dec Co eO GO IOOS Beppe SOonEraoran and soanoddenaes 54 34 |) 166 51 17 34 | 51

1) oct SQ cot SECS ee pea oBOMEeDARBA tba ci ooceceabnraE 54 34) 166 51 | 1 4 | 5
Mo memeoyate eiscicis fe eccje =o cle eine ie Seen Dasa Sel GT woo) |e secrets is 1
Meo ocA Sh oped esSGOGHOSSE EROPA aon nos Sasscc RRQ Abe 54 42; 167 16 5 th 12
lu GdoodeceoS SapaoUndoTobocpeaasHocossecSabassod S435) 166 45 4 13 | 17
le. 56denaS aR BeSBp Ene een emnerec coors teas mle Seite | 54 35 166 45 13 27 | 40
Novre.—Data for sex not collected by me from agus 6 awe September 2, but reported from custom-

house at Port Townsend as 155 males, 868 females.—C. H

58 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER STELLA ERLAND (BERING SEA).

Date. Latitude.) vee Males. Females. Total.
| a |
1894, New Wwe | |

IAT ONO MERE Soe a eee eee ee fa Sea Seen es eaat eect ms< 54 44] 167 23 7 37 44
(5 2 ee eR ee ere Rae ACE A ee dee 5456 | 167 41 3 13 16
St ee etek Se See AM Lika, Seas Seria 56 04 G55 9) | sees 6 6
133, SAG RAL A Ce i eee ons 65 2 an (058) 240 ea G im Oils erence 1 | 1
GRA ete! ott ee i ees eet a SON a Bets eS TTI 28 27 eco eee | 1 | it
TUS) Mie RR 29ND een eee eeeee ar t e le 57 48 ye ors 2 33 35
DO RNS anh! SO too Oi SOR Cod pe a I 56 30 172 35 3 21 24
Cie. EO WEE 8 UNERR C R TOR ORO OG, (Bu eee 56 13 TU Ala MB YU) eek ses 3 1 | 1
Dy (Bak REA DP aie 5 Coe Sey A aS MELAS, Alin) 2 aR re 0G 54 40 168 59 1 5 | 6
SI an a EE oy See Benen seers LC NS Tes © ee tered 54 24 168 57 5 9 14
C0) fn Gian ee Re Se kB MDP ERE | Eh 2 Pd ed Be 53 47: 169 35 14 32 46
Ct) tae Se ee eT Rs Ee ee 3 35 169 41 31 51 82
STI i PN nd ra sen Cae SN AN eee Ma a hae 3 34 169 21 23 35 58

SOD Get ere ie Gln AIR Me che Oe PR Cee 53 38} 169 25 | g 59 98
iN hy Aan repay a Tae MR 2) TEs |. 53 47 169 40 21 29 50
(hess Aa ee ee ae es er a Se GD at ae A liniady 20 Giana 17 8 25
iis Ae eS RS aoe! Ramee by eee evans 54 46 166 55 | 32 55 87
AGAR C5, 2 a erty as A See Ut Jee eed. BAL IHG “L6G D9 3 12 15
TE AU eee nmi ie 2 AMC ns SS tee 55 09 166 55 TS nascar eee 1
RR ee RE ES Ta 7 De Re er 54 48} 166 36 | Tal 22 29
Aas pee NI cea te SS BS Sais Sr ere a ee ee Arey ase as) 10 112 122
TO eeedo seb ee Sdcec dere Sheen cee sccoe ace peemedemed seseaeteccel re 542 | 761
AMERICAN SCHOONER IDA ETTA (BERING SEA), B. B. WHITNEY, MASTER.

[Crew, 17; boats, 9; hunters, 9.]
1804. hen W.

PATTI OM a crore orn ees ce ae ces bsg iste etge si slasiee = | 54 40 169 00 5 2 7
ER SPH, Ne I Lh NE aE VA | 55 06 170 46 6 8 14
SRT ae oe Cee amine) Cae Le pee oe eens oe Le | 54 46 17L 25 3 4 7
die ats len Mee eye tan ra ho Og Le | 54 50 171 34 12 51 63
Trees a eH SS NE A Reger ee 54 49 ial 89h | i 12 13
(i Ee es Fae NRE ie Bae oa LS oe Sr 55 33 173 48 | 2 6 8
TT ht ae BR ip Plage ce PO MEPIS 12) 55 50 173 35 6 12 18
LL s5 Sa eine Geet NR Pe eA hot Oe ee 58 00 73h 740| Cee ee 1 1
TORR Nee ee ROA nats ay aks SR SE ass Nt 5t 09 168 39 | 25 53 78
Ts Su eae a Nee ee ee ee EEE SO Pek ote 54 15 168 10 | 6 17 23
Pp tN ile Do, ABA nS ia BR EPS Dee) 9 gt ar 54 18 167 55 Sul Soe 3
Dai i SE cen Ea GRRE REN Sa aR HO AA ae ES re ena 54 05 168 05 SP Sie ete 3
DUN ence) Bie Serene te ama ripip ye (Hea aeee REED at 54 07 UGS a2) [cae eoee 36 36
CYT se 2 ai raat 2 as Pe es Sige 3 Rm Daya ABC Aaa 54 15 167 27 | DAM Wie ee es 2
Ts ee Tl es Ee eer etre 54 16, 168\ 50 | 15 37 52
OFT age aie al ee ND Rael even aon mr LP jem Ste 5a eRe let 6 13 19
DO etre Helter A ee iee Saints tae uae se EERE Nee al RES alae | 5 20 25
SO Rear te ee eae ee Seb ee eT OS 54 45] 167 49 14 59 73
USA ER a (Rh 8 De SP VEC a fe | 54 44] 169 00 2 18 20

PSST Dre, a pepe AR i te ar A ee eee eae eee |) (gOS 25 alee oes5y | 35 | 46 81
Dy aie ae DIE A BAIN an LS Ce ek See ee | 54 26 168 35 9 | 18 a
G(R NOUR: atta ALTE BRE ale SER BA RO lr alae Sates aes t 1 1
Be eae eay NEA act ae Mea oe he Rae ate Sao <i celae 54 17] 168 09 10 | 2 12
OL a SAA Sh ak ERT NLS ASE ITA ec oe a 54 18 168 15 | 8 | 4 12
Gere ae an eames ns puma admee CRDi i ers Ae. (554) 75Bul mel Ome oS) | aceeneee | 1 1
DUCE one ee epee eapaiee Um Me maee aan a Pats Dar 5 | BBs da 167 38 14 | 14 28
TICE) Seer NA ye WER DURST He Sa ne Se ene | 54 32] 166 03 Bal 38 43
C11) ERS eee en per meeyi eh ab ta Vt ENE 3 OS a 54 28 165 55 4 | 21 25
Fla ee a Ne, ree Ce HET Ny ae 54 24 166 05 6 33 39
IHN ach as rary oT seed (ae ea aan | eR a ial Aan | 204 532 736

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. hy
Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vesssls in Bering Saa and
the North Pacifie Ocean in 1894—Continued.
AMERICAN SCHOONER COLUMBIA (BERING SEA), T. J. POWERS, MASTER.

[Crew, 24; canoes, 10; hunters, 10; boats, 1.]

Date. Latitude. | Vongi: Males. | Females.| Total.
Ni: W.
55 11 ily Alan) 9 4 13
alii ial BR 26 27 53
55 382 | 173 30 | 6 9 15
56 09) 173 30 | 3 3 6
56 30 173 10 | a 5 12
56 33 | 172 34 | 3 10 15)
56 ~ol) |, ta 28° | | eee eles if
5b a4 |) VAi2) 43") ali 16 27
57 09 | i Loy | 20 27 47
57 01} 174 20 | 3 2 5
57 06 | 174 14 4 8 12
57 49 | 173 50 3 - 9 12
ison iio i OL: 2 | 2 4
Bi bs: 175 09 | 2 | 1 3
57 00 Lis) 82 19 23 42
55 46 Ais) OT Lipeccmese oa 1
5D) 20 172 55 | 6 9
5o, eo) dite) 24: 18 | 25 43
54 58 172 26 1 | 3 4
54 28 16h xo 19 | 14 33
54 19 167 53 3 5 8
30 miles north of 9 15 24
Bogoslof Island.
By P45) 167 30 5 9 14
Mo tale 208. 2222 os. oss eee a ose sneer eeererece 180 223 | 403

AMERICAN SCHOONER THERESE (BERING SEA), CHARLES HARITWEN, MASTER.

(Crew, 22; boats, 6; hunters, 6.]

3894. 1) Ny W |

Aug. Oo) Soe Sa rr ne ee A | 56, wl ST Pe See | 1 1
ee eS Ne oa )s oi sicicid oe Su ce Eee eee ats oe | ae Bir lid 15 ...----) | 1

Le SST SAS foi oe cn ane ee ee = | 57 54 174 06 1 3 4
Ce a menos © 58 09| 173 3 1 | ey. tS
FAC 8S, 22 Se eee | 5ei22 173 04 1 25 26
12 er Re Lm rte WF 2 Cree 58 21 APB HOSG Sa ceee 2 2
Tih 55h RII 4 EN ARN Anis oe 8 Lie ee a ls) 2 Pees 2
RN SN Sl UA ca sync eR cee 55 05 166 45 1 11 12
Tk Rd a eGR LIE Le Cs OD Exod Sr hatihuts® al eee: | 37 37
Ne aA Ne A SR ee a ese SF oe SS 54 56 HRs | PRBS 8 5 5
21D cg AS a TY ES 19 oe 54 43 166 52 20 31 51
Sh Lee are ee Ree erate Ss ieee 54 22 166 52 13 23 | 3
Bens ce) vies, 2 ot Ce 54 22/| 166 27 | 10 | 10 20
Sain Tae eee eeenee Semen en 5 ot Sean 54 49 | 165 59 20 | 46 66
Ohi Ae <a eee Dem cS 1: 6 ee 54 47} 166 18 6 9 15
Do ketoseedoon sees onesies ouanesos26e.-ssddseneee 54 46| 166 19 Te coscecee 1
en OR RARE SD Se SL, AOR, ae Nae et 2 8 54 50 | 165 21 1 | 5 6
OM eee ey Tall Se, oe ea Lise! 54 39| 166 26 | 4 15 | 19
10) SIO Se Re nO SN ee | 54 36] 166 26]........ | 1 | i
Pia Geli terchch eis sues Se ela oh TCAs 52 See Re A eres 81 | 237 | 318

AMERICAN SCHOONER ALLIE I. ALGAR (BERING SEA), WESTER, MASTER.

ema Ww.
53 49| 168 50 ese oa. 1
54 46| 167 43 20 49 69
54 46| 167 30 10 15 25
54.95 | 167 18 10 13 23
54 40| 167 50 5 4 9
55 12} 168 08 | 3 5 8
54 40] 168 40| 11 16 | 27
54 35 | 168 20 | 12 20 32
54 50| 168 06| 28 29 52
54 47 | 167 57 | 16 20 36
STOR US ges (yu on A 3 3
55 12| 167 36| 9 14 23
55 13] 168 08 | 2 2 4
56 05| 167 55 2 4 6
55 39] 168 14 4 5 9

Pelican eauaetnae | 128 199 327

="60

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ROSE SPARKS (BERING SEA), J. W. TROTT, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. vous: Males. | Females. Total.

1894. N. Ww.
PALM Meee” ace ote. Sema. Sees tte awe Las aN 56 42 174 23 1 1 2
LER et Os UY 8 LA PONG AN 55 48 TD. Ol lladaacewe 2 2
TIRES a RS ne ane Aa = TOC Sa 54 42 167 48 5 52 57
TIC) ae etn Seah aE A RAPE oT eet YL 54 48| 167 20 1 2 3
Til ERE Seen NE RES ee Cee julia Cine 54 31] 167 15 5 | 14 19
OM ee Lae eee See e yee Catt Cee Le ee 55 26 167 57 1-2 ee 1
arene so ane wanes, Les Mt nes Ses aa Forages 55 45 LETH, || 2 eee 2 2
DAs | a ESS Sie ee CN Rae Ag Cok PaaS 55 06 167 48 | 3 18 21
OO i oe nok ates ic eee ee a ae SS 54 54 168 10) 5 25 30
SUE SMa ae Seeing tae A AO 6 es Se eee 54 48) 168 20 | 5 17 | 22
Bi ACen Sm cere MET NMRGEN docae Gece ud 54 54! 167 30 2 2 4
SED tale er eo soccer Die AEE: Sean BO eta oa Ss 54 42 167 34 6 20 26
(Re teins thane nee REI AOS Sait Ad SUC | 54 42 167 25 | ih: 1 2
FE SASS MRS I EE Sate CAML WON 5 Harr Cas ot TENS 54 31 165 45 | 1 2 3
(3 ETA ETS EET ieee EAM RE 1807 7 Cats RON 54 28 165 35 | 1 2 3
Mrotalls £3h2 ao o2e Me a Ses eS Ae sense aman Mester IM wt a kc tc 9d| nye apale es 37 160 | 197

AMERICAN SCHOONER JANE GREY (BERING SEA).

1894. | N. | Ww.
BAC pal gm Saeed ae Se ee RN 55 20] 172 28 1 4 5
Is ae ENR ta ie See ble EN Le ah eal Bee WH Wdceseace 1 1
TAG RS Seen PN Lo! a 8 ely eaten cae tra le ee Mea al (P55D" (56nd 1 3 4
RSE A aR Tek Sci 0b oe Wa aa a rt 55) 520) azar 06 2 8 10
Ds a ced dea tard Rag ae dae aE Rea Da Cra gO 54 59 170 32 | 2 T 9
Soe aNd nae id eer Bis Ren eee RR] AE | 54 28 168 18 1 7 8
Dae acorns SER E Ss ae ee Oe, Aa? 5 ake Mill Ra MOT i Mite Git 13 17 30
Tes Srp SY <r coy ee ee re ce ee 54 36] 168 24 | 7 9 16
Dit) See Di OES OL RAST PE Uh CUR Sere 54 32] 168 16 | 5 8 13
E12 OR oe ee Ea Wee Gees | fae AEA te 54 20 167 45 4 7 11
SIN IRE ene ee Seach if nicer 1. lcm MeL eta N. <).| 54 56 167 32 | Dies 1
Sfayaty: LE Sato ee ee Tyee cee ty NN i Ck ok nn ea 55 30 167 12 2 8 10
ARE ieee ee Oe nd SR ie, RR Sa Teal 6 55 02| 165 55 7 13 20
BY rt Re aoe sa eat ee St Pena eee 46 1 92 138

AMERICAN SCHOONER LOUIS OLSEN (BERING SEA), GUILLAMS, MASTER.
|
1894. he W.
PAU ey eat Stee oa ere es aod NS BR 57 50| 173 56 4 8 12
(Nod res CER ERR Sees NASER fApap ale ar ORS ots 58 30 173 56 4 } 15 19
ad Mea R Ea) Ok NN BRET ate GET AN RN ORE RE 58 30] 173 56 4 30 34
TS See Rae eae a Gate et Ee Caer Rae 58 27+ 172 46 1 3 4
TUT, 5 eee Sams dl Gane Bells Ca Mea Vie RMU eta 57 42 172 52 | 3 10 13
TES RRS TS AN RN. hE ne Ma ee San 56 05 iP ale 2) |: eee 2
DST Le ner ee OC en a eae CROE BCE erccee ie eee Stora ee aa Sees anes 16 | 68 84
CANADIAN SCHOONER ROSIE OLSEN (BERING SEA).

1894. N. WwW.
INTIS TR ARE eS NRE RS POC AN 8 Se OO 00S 57 07 Thy Wie A Se oe | 1 1
1G RAs AREA CES te emia) <br eee tae at 57 05 Wey Sy eon 5- | 1 1
TRC See Tk WAN Ven. May ea are SOL Ga EL 3 iol 56 47 174 34 | 3 | 1 4
LGUs ee are 2 NES 5 CORSON iy aggre, pes 56 40 174 38 8 | 12 20
OSES rake eee PE aks Pha a 2 a alee es OC ARES 56 56| 174 42 | 7 8 | 1b
OPEL cee 32) ak eee nore UNE, ee Ma mene akc, 4 Nfl 57 47 173 00 | 2 1 3
Bk Vo) tia ae ies GAD a tee ee 58 00 173 00 | 49 | 68 117
OYE ital nia Caachi, se SRE RT BC em 57 58 TB} 6 age] 7 4 11
BOM ce ak eee oa A SU SER Gin yoo 58 O01 172 44 2 6 8
Sep tml scape anoint tatoamn un kigh al Winn AI ae Sci Pare 58 Ol 172 50 | 20 29 | 49
23 os Ta ela ae Ta LD Ee ne RIOR ae PaaS CARI er 58 08 173 10 20 49 69
Ae ae SOE Fee MeL GSE DION DRE RE OL ae em or ai 57 47 See 20y 8 13 21
PYRE 2 Bh BRAS AC Aen Danes dete Rens DE ad 58 09 173 48 | 18 12 30
17 TU TEC SAE TALC KEL NUTS Poe rh GIE MD Ss Sy ah Al Zah 58 13 173 36 | 36 40 76

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

61

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER ROSIE OLSEN (BERING SEA)—Continued.

Date. Latitude. roe Males. | Females.| Total.
|
1894. N. Ww.

SITUS - Gp eS Sorte Renee aes do shoes 58 13 173 39 20 10 30
(9) 5 ae A ESP RC es ate DS os 2 et 58 11 173 11 24 29 53
10) RES 2 Re ee ae ss oc oe 58 15 173 09 17 12 29
12), SNE Ra ee cpp ginny a Oh 22200, ° 5 Oo ee 57 50 173 09 11 8 19
i Se eee eR Ss paar.) 25 eee 57 56 173 16 58 35 93
TIC Oe ne eam VE me ery oOo 2 ee es 58 05 173 08 34 28 62
GME oe ede ee Sek ees Ste as OSE ee eee 57 56 173 22 4 1 5
QUE ESE oie ees 2 ae ee a ee 57 47 173 25 16 59 135
DOR os eco noe cide cece oe RENE een kass 57 47 173 (21 1 4 5
FEOUAD cojcte nc oe ouisic eh a cete ees tee eae ee Solaceeeiie sis] enc esececs oe 425 431 856

CANADIAN SCHOONER UMBRINA (BERING SEA).
1894. N. W.

ANGE, Tf. con PERE EOE cee PEE Ree Sabo sacudecaostans 57 40 176 45 iT Fy See 1
3s SOR ee Rr mem in Ca iaa 58 20 TiS) Gy" Ree See 2 2
1). co ee ee ae a ean nee (oo aay 57 53 172 32 2 6 8
GMO See eR ace St Spek ne oe ee 58 07 172 50 7 15 22
OD). ca RR a CR ee NN ie 53 12 172 00 20 7 27

Motalltsoo2 2508 50.0) a ee eee ici eh ae | UL Sere 30 30 60
i]
CANADIAN SCHOONER ARIETIS (BERING SBA).
1894. N. Ww. |

ENE, 2 Je See ea RRM ses nse! 5 8 Chae 56 26) 172 14 7 | 13 | 20
i: SR eae © gamer Om pene renee Se 2s a Se ae 56 22 Tey Te ese 2 2
Goa SNe ae nn ER EO eee 56 02 171 56 2 5 | 7
1 5 eee ERIN Dg deel 56 26 72 14 10 | 16 | 26
cS Ee ee 2 era ace eV 3) a 56 02 171 56 5 1 6
THT, cS eae ei py Ws Sh eT 55 38 UGS ON Goes sake 3 | 3
Ti _ 2 Se RR as ape ener hip Se URL a 55 08 Wil (Wy @ | 1 | 3
12 she Ee eR ie A. Sarg ee 54 08 170 4 | | 5
118.8 Soe een ee ee rare, oe 5 ate ad 54 50 168 33 GU Meese Ae 1
Fe eh eee ee ee 54 41 166 59 8 | 10 18

TOE Eee See Oe RODE SERED ce CS COMO RCE ERH OE RIE I nh Aas eae oan 39 52 91
CANADIAN SCHOONER WALTER A. EARLE (BERING SEA).
: 1894. Ie alae WANS |

PAN OME so ssa ccie joc sedan Soa = See eee ee 56 00] 172 35 1 9) 10
3) AGREES Oe Re OE eee SUR RE Es sobnecacruceyaas 56 17 RDO eee seer: 3 | 3
(Le Ua RUE Re ee eC ne emma aa PO SF 1 hs Te a 56 13 172 00 15 30 | 45
Gs Se ens Pe eT ee es Ree 56 00| 172 41 10 25 | 35
Uf = ico ras a Ei AR as i oT 57 58 | 172026 20 12 | 32
Meee ase Scone be s SUcL eee ene Soe BT LON ly MlireG 16 20 | 36
GRRE Eel ok Safi ANG De 52rd cee Ee Ee 56 00 172 29 15 32 | 47
2D) 3 SR a ee PSR mee ES 2 See 56 12 172 15 9 12 | 21
Bee eisewme lead aid cia a:eslsiavonle soa siete eee cet eecae 56 27 iiyias) BH! 26 80 | 106
DOME en te on a OTe. CE bye eee arene 56 24 Thiet pepees 26 | 26
31) go Sc ae more ee LS ne | 56 52 173. 3 2 20 | 22

SGillin 123353 SS SaaS See ae eS Ae SEES sma Ae eae 56 23 173 48 5 30 | 35
Poet sa ee RE RE CE NIE SY ELA 56 43 174 16 8 60 | 68
Fa dk AR a ape neers 12 29 Sa eal 56 43| 173 52 6 16 | 22
ok ai NE SRE TAR aR DIRS 0.06 RIAN AE) | 56 43) 173 52 7 18 | 25
I tik 215, dL, Aye nae es eG ea aa Mee B Op On lee amr y Oils. essere 20 20
Cs <i Se TO A BE Se Cea Fi, Nal SR eA loout 173 00 2 50 52
OSS eS Se ES 2 ae ny 56 sso TONNSS | cose 14 14
1) orate eee eee See ee eA oe ARE | 55 58 172) 54 13 40 53

ay a eee re es Ee eR Ne Begipeake eh ip Ate oS 155 517 672

62

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER FAWN (BERING SEA).

{

Sept.

| “fs
Date. PES ree Males. | Females.
1894. Na AWA

Total.

CANADIAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN (BERING SEA).

Sept.
2

ite 4 5

ik 5 6

iid 4 5

8 | 15 23

4 14 18

2 8 10

9 13 22

Ree 2 2

3 | 12 15

11 | 33 44

1 7 8

2 11 13

6 22 28

8 37 45

4 18 22

11 41 52

10 37 47

9 44 53

12 17 29

2 8 10

105 352 457

1894. hn Oe WwW.

Be SLs BEAR A RAR ee RE WAR e da 7 a CRs 4 56 26 ATSC 7e)| Fie 4 4
Bs SRL ee DINE S Sk Se JO | 56 25 oe ATs ee eee 1 1
SAMAR AINE Hla OE CATIA T ST ORR kas tay achat | 55 57 172 30 Tr itrekscseee: 1
OEE Oh aoa Eye ees ok aa BOR een eo | 55 57 172 30 3 4 if
Say ON Sea oie Sia Tp Aa OIA BN pes 18 NACE 8 55 50 172 58 6 5 11
RG Aris S). SRE es LOG vay NOMS Fc | 55 04 172 35 9 1 10
SE ANS eS 22 ARR RE. SNOMED MES, 54 30 TCS SO! tee 1 1
NULL Re ik Ges Aco 2 ne NC a RC a | 54 80 167 56 33 80 113
PECAN SoA IA ene ery NRL Ferns we) 54 24 Tne Gl seSaooer 2 2
Sat) a a hs A Oe LRG AREY heed ar ane 54 17 167 37 3 il 4
RR Meare BA PETE TONES RC Ieg RVR TSR CN ND 54 23 168 03 13 10 23
De MRL Pn PINS) Spee UNE, ORS eet ar 1 85M) ENE 54 30 168 07 12 6 18
Mo talize cater kek mtn et hg cee Ly Peni ger caane he ee ee eres 80 115 195

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 63

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacifie Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER TRIUMPH (BERING SEA).

Date. | Latitude. bride | Males. lpemaiee Total.

1894. | PeeciNreee he |
PRG cs ee ee ees eae eee at Spas) 1172" 32) 28 87 115
‘D1 2 ROD as eae mei ee ee St 2 | 5) 47 171 50 | 25 78 113
1 SCRE E EES aee ERE RES e ene ds 2522552 GSee | 56 03 172 50 | 90 90 180
Fi. RE SO Ripe ek PCS 2 A eee | 56 53 172 50 4 | 6 10
(aa a NE TARE GTN Ee FEET Sc = See Nadas 56 58 TS! 25 30 | 15 45
Th 2, FEL SLEPT IS OR Bins hes Sh eA 56 58 173 30 50 62 112
SE anf Pe FL aS Oe Oe tee is 57 06| 173 30 5 13 18
C1 5 aT RRR IE uly eR eg 57 15 TSO) bet oleee | 5 5
70) , ~ oI Re Sos Seb ee ae 56 29] 173 05 30 | 70 100
UL. ee a ein ye An fir ect 1 he pe 16 25 173 06 | 20 36 56
1... eae eee Pr Nn Se aN ED 55 46 171 59 | 4 il 15
1 <r oe eT PIE Nee aden kek ate 55) 30] 171 30°] 15 25 37
32): 5 re OA ie re Tey = ya 7h ae RSE oe 54 38 | 168 50 | 80 63 143
SS 0.) = EN St RES Ss ed a te ae 54 32 168 25 50 58 108
2... oe RR ROB ee. Te 54 30 168 29 | 38 51 89
C5 ed DNR tas CCE A op Td a th 54 38 168 20 | 10 12 22
PASM ccs eo SE stay cians oe See ae TERE Eos 54 30 | 168 12 20 3 50
2) 5 =< eae ETE Rn Erm eC Se Te) Uae ie 54 40 | 168 00 70 93 163
Cie. Le mS PAE TLC Ae ke Clean 54 53 167 50 80 98 178
Pee ES Se eso once ee aT oe 54 46 168 40 50 117 167
2) - 5. IE ene Joa SO. i eee 54 54 167 58 42 3 125
CL oe et RE ES es 2 55 00 168 18 26 | 35 61
Sepimeimeene so. Lt od See ee 54 57 168 12 80 | 244 324
DS ee ees Seen = Son Gece 55 O1| 168 20 40 | 83 123
ats a a ROR Ces SE 9 hea 55 04 168 30 7 19 26
Pa a eRe ny Pe 2 a ee 55 09] 168 20 53 90 143
Ce ee bu oboe oe ne ees 55 20| 168 55 97 207 304
rn ocak Se) pe ok SS ee en on 5b 18 169 09 17 38 55
Se eo ee? Bo ee ea) 55 05 169 09 40 87 127
C),., . . e e ae R EE Poe oe 55 20 169 08 53 157 210
eae: Bh) Ee Oe re SAO See eee es 55 20 169 08 2 14 16
Bit taller ibe ee oo. Sta Se Se ee ee eee eee tee eee aru 1, 163 2, 077 3, 240

CANADIAN SCHOONER SAPPHIRE (BERING SEA).
1894. IN te Rk es

PATI GY Wa oo a as a 2 a Sa oe i oe ee nin see = | 54 58] 170 59 53 42 95
RN oe 2b oan oa «doe See ee ee 5455) tel 20 31 38 69
So Se ee cis dxn= stan a eee Binh) aa ag 9 8 alg
i. Se SO ee ee eG oe se Ske 55 50 172 01 41 42 83
Pepe ere ees oe ae 2 aan siccind bic ce ae eee ene 56 00| 171 51 33 13 46
Geetha ees 52792 Soe see ee Eee eee 57 03 | 173 59 12 ii 19
Tes cote cise 2 sae dees Sacicaee eee ees 57 03| 173 04 18 19 37
Se MN Soo Soe aed Se eee Eee 57 40| 173 30 2 4 6
WO. os2ocecgee2 dseusetosabbomencseds tecnesoss55¢ Ri Di) lb) 25 56 81
TIT 3 oe Bee ee on sr AU 56 16 172 30 25 21 46
13335 56 4S RR BS beeouS OL SoSesbe a sse op nazosvcHcootes 55 32 171 49 Dal 13 18
ES Meee Ss Smt tates are ea aa ar ae a ee eee 55 17 | 168 48 30 | 45 75
Oe tee oon eon occ bnicles sake soldat se meeeeemse 54 50 169 20 | 21 50 71
it) 342 See apes Se eter en rarOrESoonicoccamas 55 00} 168 39 8 20 28
FV Sa et Re eS AE oy 8 a 54 49 | 167 43 10 2 12
3 28) = 5 UIE Sere» ee Re eg ge = 5 an 54 46 | 167 42 66 59 125
167 45 50 33 83
168 06 | (i seersay ee 6
168 47 10 6 | 16
168 45 70 83 153
169 02 41 20 61
169 04 60 26 86
168 09 112 45 | 157
168 13 8 3 | 11
168 05 110 64 174
168 37 42 25 67
168 48 8 4 12
168 18 98 30 | 128
168 21 12 4 16
168 03 28 9 37
168 02 | Sh leeeseecs ee 3
168 01 62 49 | i111
168 09 dls esha ee 1
168 40 Py. Pana aN 2
168 58 31 11 |} 42
168 23 20 4 24
167 04 | 4 1 5
167 02 | 24 16 40
166 11 | 1 Reap eae 14
164 38 | 21 7 28
SGA SESE ROTOR AMER GES SERIE SL CTO i seep enim [ee eae erae 1, 226 879 2,105

64

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER AURORA (BERING SHA).

Lon gi-

Date. Latitude. ae. | Males. | Females. Total.
1894. N. Wie oI
PRTG Ooo ASSESS IEE SEES REE TORRE ERO LC OSA STs? 56 23 173 40 4 9 13
Of Tare AR ee oA ge a MIN HOR Be Ses ee cel 56 30 174 00 10 12 22
Rt) nak Map yi nin HRA Bi. ein im na td 56 25 173 35 1 29 | 23
Ree rar eat TR yO Clee, 8 ep eee aearne 56a Melisa 6 it | 7
Ts acre SAL LGM UE IR a Fe 7 Lee 56 12] 172 43 20 17 37
LLC PS 8 SAAN MICS iF RES SENET OR mee ee 56 a7) eliza) 210 3 10 13
TIE a ee SY ee A Di ES eee ay ae 5GUE40) lomo oleae nee 9 9
TIES vac oe rel aa ea Pet oe VED Re eat 53 55 170 56 12 22 34
FG te ee ee Le ae Pe ae eee oa 54 04 | 168 00 16 22 38
TAS, Ee ae ats eb De oy ESA CU Ss ACN OE 55 28 166 00 3 5 8
Test nea a epee J SER ANE NO GS ae a 55 18 166 01 4 8 12
DD se RC ee (ea we ee I ce ee 53) 1S) 1S CON|peeeneee 1 1
Gs Bp es aE OG Le | ee I sy 9 79 138 217
CANADIAN SCHOONER BEATRICE, OF SHANGHAI (BERING SEA).
1894. N. Ww.
J eae ee a eee Gee ene OAR Sean ee eee aoe 54 49 | 166 35 3 10 13
BYE i Bae oe eT ae, 5 aS Le 55 14| 170 34 1 6 7
PaaS ie RES eran Sopa Sema re 54 59 170 16 55 136 191
Fe ck Sets 5 he eee Me gs 2d ¢ ONS ee 54 53 170 23 10 79 89
Tea RDS, 2 EE Ape Le ieee tee | CRW Ee De Et 54 50] 170 49 14 72 86
Steet CR os Ve er Oe Rn nee 8s Boe 54 45| 170 44 19 23 42
ee a7 are AI » Cao eM ee I Sala: | 54 25 170 53 mil 6 17
DK glans Se ae eM) ee eS 54 19 iyfily yl 18 6 24
LiL Ae RE Se Oe OU ES NO ee 3 cee a eee a EVE YE) all (ceys| 15 14 29
1D Es LCR NaER Reed Sw dee Veena CGY fal 54 54 171 30 | 2 8 10
FL Ne IE RARE SRR EU SU) GUS eaten ne Ree = 54 46} 170 18 | 4 6 10
Ty (Se Ae SOE et Ren Ra er he Se ae 551 085 | mila OGe eee 6 6
ihe fs Rc A nal a nn ta OM ASAE ES. De Eee 54 52 171 00 | 6 48 54
St eee a ee 2 CoE SURG AOE El SS ae eee 54 58] 170 53 | 3 4 7
Cad oer 2 tio, Ce eee er eI REN, WV 30 55 12 169 27 | 1 14 15
Oe Mo ehctad Da Meas 7 ee ee BO aye Maye || ali “Onl 7 13 20
Lee PE ROR oy ote ae ge Rk one ye 54 34 171 34 7 43 50
Oa CANE aes SOS Ais ES Sr NREL 5 54 32 171 36 2 21 23
Dir eee a: eae Se SOR. 5S Re eee 55 22 17. 32) 5 16 21
GU yieb et RRP TC Ne eM athe 6 on oe ee 55 08} 170 40 | 10 40 50
EVAL: MeO CUR 5°” Aaa Le Ree aan as A Ce 55 Ol 170 31 | 3 5 8
SOE, Reus AUB RER SE See nen ea meee Sen AN 54 41 170 24 | 30 82 | 112
IE UR es OPUS Te as, SERIA Ce AMPA FOI 1 54 49 170 02 3 3 | 6
Be i UE ee ie aT See ee 54 24 168 41 5 4 9
5 RO SE WU LSE oe a en CE NEN EL 54 57 170 14 6 13 | 19
er Ree RN a EA AE Nea OS | 54 56} 167 35 5 | ny 16
(add bee eds Ree eat ae teen ae erp ers nee 54 155) 1670.28) | 20 75) | 95
TOS me ek tees. Feet cee ea es 2! RD 5en08 167 37 | 3: Lescceneeee 3
Te Mell Ek Seen et 2 ak nage ne Sees ee ie a | 54 36 167 14 15 | 13 28
tA RATE Ramer s Palit Srna COREE ot 3 54 387 | 166 55 12 3 | 15
ROMs etary Bs” Ney Tet ee tae Sar ee eel ae 54 39 167 03 19 20 | 39
A Gee ed ee Time me AS GE Se 2 8 Pad etre i SG | 54 53 | 166 44 aha Sa 3
ily ( ke REEL Fe 2 See VR nee a he oe om me | 55 09 | 167 04 20 16 36
1 RR). 7 lS Ce onan fe be PRR Yc TE 54 51| 166 42 4 | 2 | 6
1G Bese = NMR reat ite ES PRS a «Sots 54 22 166 36 Lal Seen eee il
ING Gaps oi a eet gE Ld RS acbky <A Von 1) | ae 342 818 1, 160
CANADIAN SCHOONER MASCOT (BERING SEA).
1894. Lei |
PACT RL to aren it OM ere ts Ey Me Sra tea es 55 06| 168 20 | 18 | 5 23
De aT 1 Se MDE RUN Sine alee (ak MEU yee men Ya Ye 54 40 167 20 | 2 | 4 6
SGU es 2) ee ee te ea PO NM ES See Cor eke 54 20 167 10 | ih | 2 3
(Np a URN O ABA 20st Lei R ane aU OTR ge Bite at. Fey Be aia Ry Dh 3 5
LQ ee erect acne SRA SY RUE A A BPR is cn a 55 40 ie 15 33 22 55
THis Um DLE SES On eae A RE Oe Ra Kee 561 10) ude 00 11 7 18
Maa aa Lik A) SRN RAR Ae Lp aE AAS 56 05 | 171 15 | 124) 10 22
DBR SEN hea ss. Mit RAED RUD CCeME A Need ojala o 21S at 57 56 | 173 29] 31 | 26 57
OMe tie heh RU en Be tee a ee yt 57 56 173 29 } 4 if 11
SO Reet sti aay os Sa NU eC ee Stee eee oe 57 50 | . 173 11 | 5 4 9
Sep hemele Somer tas choi crs hale MIPS CR anaes Si oe ate 57 47 173 15 | 16 | 25 41
OEE Ia ie PION oS CURR Sa wate ECM net 57 49 173 13 | 15 | 35 50
5 SEN at ess th eS a eR NN DeSaEs 58 03| 173 46 | 18 12 30

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

65

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued,

CANADIAN SCHOONER MASCOT (BERING SEA)—Continued.

Date.

. | Longi-
Latitude. | rae

Males. | Females.

11 11
39 19
21 19
16 4
23 20
21 11

299° 246

Total.

1, 103

a Canoe lost and picked up by schooner Wanderer with 32 skins.

CANADIAN SCHOONER FAVORITE (BERING SEA).

Soc. 187 pt 2s

66 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER LABRADOR (BERING SEA).

—————— ; e
Date. ‘Latitude. peney Males. | Females. | Total.
1894. N. Ww.
JWG, Biécondoopdadeesss60mee en creorposeSsooccgoScconad 55 05 167 00 3 10 13
(la, 26 SAO ORS ENO H aoe ees Heo PaGnoT coorcooaapoaKe 55 00 167 10 12 70 82
aa ines Cosson EOb SO TDOOOmseoee oqueasecg fecha 4 OD, 166 20 27 10 37
QL. acsaqeoeonenesad cage deroncaLadsbodaccsoenssaoce 54 40 167 00 10 16 26
Gen tsdoae no duetononene so Sodoauonsbd Jono sosea0qo5 55 18 166 45 4 14 18
Q).aod Saooedase cddéacsbodeussnnsopesce scuosdeaupos 55 (04 167 25 1 ef 8
MOP eeris(eolyac ces elie ecciate=s peooandecdontonsensac 54 50 167 05 20 32 52
We nS ob GOs o6 ObaDeU Con AS GObmaDoUP ao aNnaasotoen 54 55 167 20 48 100 148
UG oes Sen gees sdecsoacosenenodsescoododancos SHA bas 54 45 167 24 1 2 3
1S aS enoBob osc CHU aOOOORacoEDoUNebocSeCE amoSaNcouG 54 40 167 30 33 100 133
ORS OOONeEUaeoo ce ooo aoe Soe Rodcconccomloso Aamcde 54 25 167 10 20 20 40
Athy eescomcosecon once so beko nos noo besos cape aolsepdedogad pobodessce 179 381 560

1894 N. | W.
PASTY Os a OV eteratclalal= ole (= i= lelelolele tela jedafeleinini= el =|=[-J=2!=taloimielie!=imiei=le(=)> | 54 28 166 44 7 | 9 16
PPh 5 Sade oeaaeo 2 SHanoos ccad sasneTdioN Sbooobacrosebe 54 28 172 13 25 39 64
3 sic eGe0D 002 sonegpor Ano oo sobSaS Soom ooscsSGGuE 55 08; 169 O1 6 10 16
SScoeGaesnant codaceesn secadageas booneconuopmas 54 30 168 16 29 25 54
S53 kobsseudD ae SocnoD Boe e aaadosso Sdobaesesocqdes 54 44 167 42 40 69 109
ISj0M, db sacasssasceosso tenes ser oRgemsESSobEoocobaDous 55 09) 167 33 90 109 199
BAAR DES ao OcBaD SON) ZaeCASTOeaeSoonb aceEanece 54 56 167 40 || 9 16
abopebAnebood ou Gham done ogsubegecoas coDanbSSge 55 24 166 52 6 | 10 16
pe se sdesedae Soden eue bones sueGpoon sonUegeaoSemone 54 56 167 49 8 6 14
patito no soGone Smmboge dose Ssdeceerconraescuse0aE 55 07 167 30 20 26 46
Pe bobeopodoucs Sates e bags Todecado Saab adecbaSasD 55 23) 167 54 5 7 12
S GHedopoaeac ccesenoroaee. doubouns ote qdenoseneE 54 52 167 40 8 10 18
SAS SOOO ON DOE OOO aE One SU aOnD SUAS EAS CpnonOS 55 05) 167 30 25 27 52
A) JOB EE DE Oo HORROR Epa DOneTOSEpOnbSoaresaanador 54 51 167 14 8 12 20
GU n CHORE DPAGDOHaSH Sone es aaoeadorosubEcooUOsS 54 05 166 40 6 10 16
SaOayeAGkabORaASSCGD DEbooercesapagSonccaloouussoedalidsseréSasne 290 378 668

CANADIAN SCHOONER BOREALIS (BERING SEA).

ING W.
Ang. 57 36 Gy ES deancoos 3 3
56 04 Gi BP Baacsae- 6 6
56 12 167 21 | 4 28 32
56 05 167 22 4 33 37
55 33 170 25 2 184 186
55 27 170 (21 3 25 28
55 26 170 14 5 33 38
55 27 170 55 6 198 204
55 36 171 00 3 38 41
55 620 171 00 M 4 5
55 26 UA WO eGAcesss 1 et
55 32 170 36 1 19 20
55 27 169 54 4 41 45
55 30 170 36 1 1 2
55 31} 170 04 }.....-.- i 1
55 44) 171 15 1 2 3
SGmr aan pepaliec mn 20) eee etlete 2 2
AR Sy ll i) fey eekedee 6 6
56 50 172 49 | 6 89 95
56 49 172 «49 Ay 26 27
OG woo mol ooh sere 8 8
Sept. 55 30, 170 05 4 17 81
bay Bb) Ale) lets EN ese egond 1 1
54 59 | 168 42 9 48 57
55 06| 168 33 | 12 74 86
55 02; 168 10 tl 49 56
55 20) 169 41 16 62 78

a ee

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 6%

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER KATHERINE (BERING SEA).

Date. Latitude. Pepet Males.| Females. | Total.

Aug.

Sept.

68

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and

the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued,

CANADIAN SCHOONER KATE (BERING SEA).

Date. Latitude. ane Males. | Femates.| Total.
1894 N. W

PRU EO ate os cls cis Heee sas caked Hed. aU sa aens saeitae's | 55 56 167 31 if 5 6
Persia aie Sis aie Nes Dose ale Aveo eta tara te we aeinrs eeae anon ate = Bsa) PAY 167 28 il 20 21
Ree ace ee eae eae ates ca tn.c's Soe eeee Setener rf BAY 166 43 1 14 15
ge eS A NS ote SS a rs Cle Srey ee PRS 58 40 NOT RAS eyes it 1
War mtvenaro retain bie ehevevera)sis sistas a nyatatalehatocateteveaietnrsle setets ler 58 03 172 00 4 11 15
pajera injec ajhie w dela. c:o/eib la eel aac Baa Nae Able oe crete alate 58 O1 172 30 4 tf 11
Do BB OUS EEE CORRE E eat mea RSrorTe] sor Snorer ree 5D 29) LE (Ui ae a 8 8
Be ceca ae alee Cine Dae ee cee ace ane Gaye, (05 170 20 5 38 43
Blea ec al te era Te ee ae ee ae TS ave rear 54 41 168 50 29 54 83
Pa Wore Jas Sian ails va hea a ceva Ne cle a\slntere cele cota are 54 37 169 00 36 67 103
GS ois Webi eae e's = Aga ae e cele aoa see aloe ae eeieiele DANI 167 56 | 3 3 6
Rees occ sehen se So ease Nosed sees ae ee ecia se 54 47 GS eee 9 9
Bs arcs aya eine ser JR ope Set Ss op 54. 49 169 06 31 62 93
3 oid Sen BS ers Sie eet eons Geo Hee peloie 54 36 169 24 15 45 60
We Be snc audi ebate binwele clans take ele Siaicislos aie hse cia trereie 54 31 168 43 1 a 4
I ee a ois 2 aye aes rapa haa severe eae) awa te aes ieee areas of 39 168 4! 10 44 54
ca] EGE See eee eS oe ees eee aciaee See 54 45 167 59 3 3 6
Bets eck oie ec a re Ns ERE: SRR ee. 54 58} 168 03 52 40 92
BS = 0a Mee tema ate 3 Mele aioe artnet OR ee Js RR 54 29 168 25 8 11 19
ORs hel eRe es SRR ala cia oie ate erste aueretete epee 54 18 167 40 1 1 2
SS ee ec ais we oie eee ane hls seeiaes 54 42 167 37 12 12 24
a he hy oF CMR cdo cye Orta Mae ee Sere eee oieierete 54 45 Wey PB eB ane a 2 2
Dak, ) ee ey DOs ees 12 = Pe Br Seon ae a tay (955) 168 56 9 10 19
Np a ee Wir ALS Aa ON CUR OP “OE @ ts ee a | 54 32) 169 00 | 15 13 28
RUE See on el a ak a NEU pares esa | 54 45 168 35 12 19 31
NSE etsy salata chs cis tigseid Sete eitte eeeeewieaics 54 50 167 37 Ui) | |htecsa ateperees if
SUP ey Pte na jake clare icietote mse ieleteratararcratereiore icin: 54 47 167 39 12 15 27
5 cals re ee 5 a Ry Be a ee year By cll 167 39 8 10 18
eo prte eR ene cies ec a ein b ainta o WS EINE laleee Coe 9 BEY aly 167 33 25 34 59
i i reece ee SO oe SRS oO eh te One i ot ead 165 24 4 3 7
pe ome eee ee ere VTS) pape
FSBO SUE ESB RESET SE RTOScoe nc BOC CateHal Gaaeertdson saccronacas 303 564 | 867

CANADIAN SCHOONER VENTURE (BERING SEA).

N Ww.

54 36 WGRy “ayy 9 11 20
55 02 G6) 18. |S eaeen il 1
55 00 167 11 5 7 12
55. 24 167 17 21 31 52
55 14 167 36 4 6 10
55 28 ney Rane a eee se 1 il
55 26 NGS. 5) || Sereeemere 2 2
Ba AIP 168 50 1 2 3
Db e05 169 55 5 6 11
54 49 169 55 44 34 78
54 38 170 08 6 9 15
54 48 169 43 16 13 29
54 53 169 46 5 ai 12
54 23 168 27 47 63 110
54 23 168 20 5 13 18
54 24 168 05 16 24 40
54 33 168 13 19 41 60
54 38 168 14 27 42 69
54 36 168 18 14 21 35
64 31 168 19 13 19 32
54 50 168 11 21 17 38
54 46 168 08 74 87 161
54 59 168 OL 5 3 8
54 43 168 04 12 7 19
54 37 167 58 3 1 4
54° 35 168 12 13 5 18
54 49 168 36 5 2 7
54 38 168 20 2 a! 3
54 39 167eu5 I 24 16 40
54 26 161 07 ee cuce toes il
eS crdeoees lattenaaceees 417 492 909

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 69

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea an@
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER WALTER L. RICH (BERING SEA).

. |
Date. Latitude.| ODS" | yates. | Females.| Total
1894. N. W. |

INI) 1, 36 SRS SOb oe One eRe see ca ees 55 05 166 48 ale 23 24
CUR ae) ea LEA se is tap” eee 55 17 166 51 3 7 10
A). 5) RN A SES EES 2 7 ee) Naeem oe La be SAE 55 17 166 51 53 50 103
ee eR een VN TR Ne eS 55 10] 167 10 | 10 4 14
Gare ac So pe eine RS AES Se Se Sic: 55 00 166 36 | 20 | 5 25
TIC), = 3 ER) DE AARC NEES, OR OE FIR aa gee 55 15 167 44 | 37 | 19 56
Te a ee, ae TS iO Pri ae 5 ee 56 11 167 59 96 | 80 116
TRS cet ee ee ee OR OEP ONE SRB Ue cn 55 05 167 10 73 | 6 | 79
TUG co eR a Oe = Or 55 12 167 20 19/4 2 14
13 asc ea Se ee ET TS ee 54 56 167 45) 148 36 179
110, ee ee ee ee | ae ee | 55 00 167 30 60 4 64
FE ate rs Eee = am ete ooh ee eae I) WNBA S58 168 20 87 16 103:
F-series ORO eae ri 70 | ae | 54 40 168 44 12 22 34.
C= Re ie aR oe eae) De: hs Coe 54 48 168 10 3 25 28:
DOM ai kes valet facie yay cilaeteie hae Pe EOE s,s Vay. ob) 168 00 12 31 43
Bi) 5. a eRe Umar eye, Sau) See | 65 05 163 10 3 32 35
ORM ee ak, ee, Dee ee TE 2, 54 35 168 10 30 15 105
O18) <i a ES OO oY eee ee ee ee 54 35 168 15 40 45 85
EO RI Serotec «arses, oe oe NES ays.6 2 54 42 167 45 32 14 46
Bl jo ee ae nS Rm a LA 26.) i ae 54 36 168 34 60 34 94
eptaele wees eodk ce sey sO Ee eis = hy 54 40 167 50 133 145 278
nyc EE Coe emma) fate se eee 54 40 168 22 | 21 9 30
ee See a CAS aac Rs oe 54 50 166 54 | 53 60 113
Cee eh os a ee Se A | 54 40 166 25 | 6 5 n
TUNES Aas Soe ER, ARR Ee Oe ae ead area eo eeene) nena. eee | 1,000 749 1, 749
65

3
44

1

Ai
76

13

1

72

87
39

1

i

162
56
18

73
68

1
17
53

141
193
88

Sept. 19
i 21
25
18

17
3
1
34
14
5
1, 665

a Boat of schooner Minnie picked up by schooner Favorite with 5 skins.

70 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and
the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER SAN JOSE (BERING SEA).

Latitude.

|

Longi-

Date. ae Males. | Females.| Total.
1894. N. Ww.

2 Tiny ogo soe eRe SH ace Ree eee coeriesa aera 54 54| 166 28 2 2 4
eh Nae ae RE Ce PRR ORS ORE Ce OE RG 54 54 166 28 10 74 84
; Fas Rees 2 AVR Bie ere) 1 et reve CSE a 55 01 167 05 8 15 23
(5 5 a a ae ae TIE oy Pa SRR GOK Seen Seen | 55 O01 167 23 12 20 32
es Beene > Tiara RIS NRE ra) 2 Re OC ES A 55 12 168 15 4 5 9
| (BS SP aD Ie SERN ete SY Ben Che ANS Ree One 55 04 | 169 04 2 1 3
MUP ae ed OE Pe SOR swine ee Pena 55 02 170 37 | 2 il 3
1 PS RoE DR eri SUNCEIN Eoin tere Mae Mg PEIN UD Tee AOE 55 13 170 55 3 2 5
DR Cie ee Cs eek a Re | ea Me ee en 55 11 168 10 8 ree) 11
TC eee raat SRR aro RRA SE cen aS Cy 54 25| 166 34 30 13 43
OE Sra aap Sheena Le Pea AUN sae Ones eee 54 56 166 44 15 8 23
AME SE ERAN Ri eegeiiaes 2 ta Mp ER LES soda 167 33 | 13 4 17
i a an ae Oa RSE REE MCR TT: NEE LOT (A 55,020) | eGSmnO0l eeeeeeeee 1 il
DT Ts ee oe See Oa NOR Te Oe Ca RS WOM) a AES As As 2 2
TI ioct Een a Ree rian A: Toe Sikes a ore Be GN) HB IB) |Eodeoboc 26 26
Cie sas Gow eee aa Ae OMNIS ORNS Oe Gag 54 55 | 167 30 3 40 43
Fi et aa Rae a Ree RRR Rams a 70 CA 55 01 167 11 6 20 26
CYL a Cees, ae 2 Ria Ds SER anon, ONE Te ea 55 04 167 50 14 40 54
AS Cea p Ne STO! Spaiace as SMG MOE RS Lbs orice | chai 54 57 168 06 4 9 13
Hepicel see here oS hate cae a eeie eae en OE Rae a at nd 55 11 168 36 | 7 50 57
Dah 2 PEA ea hn a SE ig 55 13 168 36 | 9 20 29
oT aS eye a Rs eae ne WME GEE EA me 55 17 168 10 4 9 13
EEA aaa A 4 Sou, Sem te rire. A Tes ee oe ' 55 15 168 55 20 50 70
; Feats SAS Dee NAL ar eee RRNALE CUTEE. Ray ay glen | 85 15| 169 20 43 80 123
Sas AAT ee Pee Ea EI he oA ay 55 14 169 24 1 2 3
; Ne Pea er Gen se eke Utaar ga aren 55 00) 169 00 10 20 30
CH) ge Ne ee a Weary ym ie BCS ORO FON ' 55 05| 168 10 14 40 54
AO Se AEP ene Rae an Con NE SION ee ens 55 16 168 25 3 7 10
TIN Lop ea aye hg Sete yeep lets oy a Spee SNe a Riera se COMER | 54 48 169 03 1 2 3
TI eee nest Uh op seek Mein tA NGOS ba at 54 85 166 36 4 18 22
TIERCE ROTTS Sue CR ee OE ena caer CU en ge URC 54 28| 166 00 4 9 13
CNTY 1 gees SSI See RSE ie MS 8 eV ee Ree en PSAs ATES = 256 593 849

CANADIAN SCHOONER KILMENY (BERING SEA)

: 1894. NB We

PAUTTNG Se eer cere ae aee SOR Pie eee emai, UU am 55 30 165 00 8 11 19
55 00 166 00 7 2 9
55 10 165 00 La ae 1
( 55 00 167 00 6 7 13
55 55 | 166 30 | it Eee: 2
55 30 167 00 | 50 43 93
55 12) 167 00 D4 3 5
: 55 10| 167 40 50 59 109
Fe 55 00) 167 00 10 | 11 21
55 00) 165 00 4 | 4 8
55 10] 166 00 | 20 | 15 35
54 40 166 25 4 8 12
54 20 168 20 4 2 6
54 40 167 00 53 43 96
54 50) 167 20 4 | 40 44
' 54 301 167 40 4 | 10 14
CLES 1 Ray LS SU na ne” a SALE Sl Ne Se a | 54 30/ 167 30 40 | 34 74
ie 54 85] 167 28 29 9 38
54 40| 167 15 1 | 4 5
54 10 167 15 3 6 9
: 54 35 | 167 20 3 10 13
; 54 40 167), 05.\s= suseee 2 2
54 00 166 03 1 2 3
53) 15 |p 105), 10 1 2 | 3
Heo sal Ua nate rari PAIL apo on ena Ue a Tp Pog Fc Sabre 307 327 634

——

1%

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

71

Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and

the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued.

CANADIAN’ SCHOONER HENRIETTA (BERING SEA).

Date. Latitude.| ones Males. | Females. | Total.

1894 N. W
JME ID cabpdcdse sented sso snoedecsabacdcrc shoes tBeSee 54 50) 166 20 8 | 15 23
CEE ORE LS GSE eee ner se ers a at ee 55 00 166 30 15 24 39
Aaa (tosis! ame se elaaatsarintais sisters. a aaiarseiowieeeeeeietas sa 55 46 166 30 18 21 39
OBR Sate te Ce Eee ee oe’, at 54 40 168 46 12 11 23
2). Sai dOane OOS SESE PADOOH ISRO dOOS Ecce Bor aeeeeee 54 16 169 19 100 20 120
BU ARE Rena GAA ROM AC OACORN ESE aie Sar) Srna aaa 54 05 169 27 21 | 5} 26
Bi Sens mele Hoe arate tania oe Sateen palicieciee sc 54 47 169 16 12 15 | 27
SOD Lime le tose ae a ac alateteie a ialaterayettie areraroie ial everett else ciosas< 54 57 168 53 120 | 65 185
TS RE i ene Ea eA I Res By 54 56) 169 10 40 | 21 61
eels ictad wiciniarseiw simiais tats aie tereyiele eye aleteitetela ciniciele sieiei 55 02 168 52 20 | 31 51
Gea ria clei ow ee rictare cistee di alstela\ey leva nnsiateitoitebse etloe wid = 2" 55 15 168 40 10) 32 42
Bfeeteiss stats, e/c c)aaield-o,2 wisiatarvieeteiataa\ajateietetatatsmberneus ess emiee 55 (00 169 36 3 4 if
ee Se ss sis mrcrbictoalerarcred iol wounds rcharalann veretaieaiceie © cus. ate 55 (05 169 34 3 9 12
RE io ate ecacinte o(tefa sictate Sio'e ei ataras cateevalcts BUI tate nis wie se 55 10 168 56 20 33 53
11), Sesh SOLER Ene Raine ARS 5a 54 40 167 00 | 25 34 59
SEG IEA GEAR Se ne ee RRO eee So, See lg aids leisjeris Secs 427 | 340 767
4 4 8
3 2 5
27 28 55
3 1 4
2 3 5
1 2 3
2 5 7
Y/ 2 9
Sctaidesise ul al
10 3 13
24 11 35
Aa eerste 4
4 3 7
Sept. 55 19 170 38 10 4 14
55) 14 170 31 16 6 22
55) 32 169 46 2 1 3
55 32 170 37 17 14 31
55 23 170 34 4 3 7
55 06 170 30 30 26 56
55 18 170 18 28 15 43
Bose, 169 14 16 3 19
5bie28 170 11 13 3 16
55 21 170 07 5 5 10
Po tall Setersee lois seis s aevers 5 Sete lene See cero eis ae eodcoebcelevesmtieaece 232 145 377

72

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in 1894 off the Japan coast by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels.

[Data collected by C. H. Townsend and A. B. Alexander.]

CANADIAN SCHOONER UMBRINA (JAPAN COAST), CAMPBELL, MASTER.

Lat- | Longi- Lat- | Longi-
Date. itude. | tude. Seals. Date. itude. | tude.
1893. N. Ww. 1894—Continued. N E
OCHA aoe ame ccs <cianec ants 43 40 | 141 00 , :
DO ise ate rane cia se niaaersiae 43 40 | 142 00
1894. ole
Jan ILSsaiscataeeremonasn 41 24 | 150 00
De mem cert ne he seers se]| 40 19 | 146 10
Te eas | 39 06 | 173 55 |
| |
PMiar iii aecinu sce omaeincieie | 37 20 | 145 04 |
Leen ASEacodoeosaaaal 37 13 | 148 04 5
NOs ee seiceistheeiseistat) lov OOM Laan ar iL
Dt eer tie ace eienioees ; 387 05 | 146 40 90
Aaleaieies Sloe =a eee ele 37 12 | 146 20 11
ep tetere re tataratulalaie revel Seapshots 37 16 | 146 27 67
Dh sacaiciewesecccees oe 37 10 | 145 15 oo
DOR ee smsbieeise obec 37 20 | 145 35 60
GSA ACASCeE eSB AS 37 40 | 146 19 56
PACD Tey wiles eels neiceisisce ies 37 40 | 146 07 79
Dee Tee asians ce Ns 3Go2 146 00 135
Sere sisiawiaicotes siaisinnoels 37 1é | 145 38 SSalhoUNer yD -csscecsetnecestee 41 23 | 145 40
(Weeks = Bers Hae Serr 37 20 | 142 20 48 Glace eposee wee eee 40 55 | 145 56
yi Bestar (etaicie eis eleisiotns ST WOK acticin leoccecicie Viecsewatesneeicat eee 22 129) 5146510
Go asc ete cemec one 87 20 | 145 40 42 Boe h Setom aration 40 37 | 146 02
Meee reciw sais Sesiciciee 37 17 | 145 26 103 O's oraiaisis ce eieieh eee 40 45 | 145 50
Sticccewece jaeeeee 37 35 | 145 33 41 LOM eeeacnaenteeene 40 46 | 145 52
1 SC ARSON eect 37 24 | 145 40 18 Woeietos Sieeaitieleecsnink 40 30 | 145 41
OE cere em te 37 27 | 146 05 57 ESSA Roo ne eoeee 40 40 | 146 00
SPSS ee os ep eps tate 37 20 | 146 00 74 a ei ayy ye nr ol 41 09 | 145 37
UGia mecca k dese aes 387 30 | 146 08 23 1 eee OSH SCE tes 41 02 | 145 55
Misirciscinawicet aeisaisrce 37 12 | 145 50 1 Ge casio meissiaraeiees 40 00 | 145 55
1 RGB cH ABCC OD OnEe a 37 14 | 145 45 15 LW OSS oae eee 41 57 | 146 08
QUAL Soe aetereeee 387 19 | 146 00 91 WS Soe eo ee 43 10 | 147 12
DO ae Sevctora tice dars revere 37 16 | 146 03 33 Qe erateaclelelerseciese 43 41 | 147 30
22 oslaisinete/scudese ose 36 55 | 145 50 58 Die te oon ge on erin aes 43 45 | 147 05
Dd atielc ate aineweidect cial 37 06 | 145 45 33 OAs heieiepapseeeleeieinasiae 43 40 | 147 10

Seals.

a No observation.

AMERICAN SCHOONER EDWARD E. WEBSTER (JAPAN COAST), McLEAN, MASTER.

1894. N. E. 1894. ING pes

CG OSS Bases See 37 46 | 146 15 29) lh Asprs Gee ene ee cio 40 00 144 20 27
TDG) Sees woe Dae ete a 38 00 | 144 40 30 1G 5 a ee ee 37 40 . 145 25 17
By mcs Ne CAN | 36 35 | 145 00 lg, IQ eo a oats 8 37 40 145 07 128

Tp BASE eases 38 30 | 146 00 61 OS NY Dea ie) 36 57 | 145 00 84

DAN Tee sree Nee oe 36 30 | 145 46 27 PA Nan reds Ee eel 36 44 | 144 33 101

Maren Occ en e net emics 37 32 | 144 35 Qo lean sae eee pecan. oe 40 00 | 144 00 17
iS ia pane 38 01 | 146 16 31 a Sh el a eam ae 40 10 | 144 08 21
ORE een met | 3810 | 145 30 36 302 St eae he: 39 52 | 143 30 41

Olas Oba re a U9 aed 38 00 | 146 10 AG Allene, alee eee 41 04 | 142 20 29

D1: GPR ee Hees 37 20 | 145 27 65 Ses ai A Ur Cae at 41 42 | 142 30 24

PU aias Be aM ete hehe VE 37 20 | 145 30 57 Coe ce ene de SS ee 38

DO ee meats ae a ete 38 31 | 146 18 28 Stans etoe ey eels 41 14 | 143 18 18

ONG yas lavas ae ena MIE & 37 11 | 145 21 61 i (iad es hi el 41 10 | 143 15 22
Pe hea ay eer 37 07 | 145 35 58 TIS Paes Be Re 41 24 | 142 36 24

Sent cane mans 37 02 | 145 25 40 Ww.

PRESS fel Sad ee BR 37 06 | 145 20 17 Chases St eee ae 42 02 | 179 02 30

By Sess toe mer | 36 56 | 145 40 29 1 ie Ge Sai On RE 42 04 | 178 15 7

cee aaa ee saumeal hrs ale Pine Vaal) B33 diukya vl eee ea 42 12 | 177 20 17

iLO pee es oe | 38 00 | 146 03 26 CN LD SEN, 43 30 | 177 00 11

THT Sead eee pr ge | 83910 | 145 51 47 OLAS sarees 42 56 | 175 15 27

TORS MRE ST ee | 39 10 | 145 51 73 OM Seaec eee eee 43 15 | 174 44 38

a Cape Yerimo east 25 miles.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

13

Positions where fur seals were taken in 1894 off the Japan coast by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ALLIE I. ALGAR (JAPAN COAST), WESTER, MASTER.

Lat- | Longi- Lat- | Longi- ;
Bes itude. | tude. Seals. Date: itude. | tude, | Seals.
1894. N. E. 1894. N. E.
INT AT eeaecisis se isieconye alee cinie 39 22 | 144 23 Bier | Mia ype Crcrerereietaeteereraimitetore ale 41 57 | 143 08 17
PERE o's See wie ties 39 45 | 142 57° 37 18} os oa poeshSeHaaee 42 05 | 142 38 28
DOR cue suecoiisie 40 00 | 144 00 23 Wey enicuopnoneagneuee 41 35 | 142 40 31
aU ete rsoleye cteicteveleeteiert 39 12 | 143 13 2 Pl esnondan\s5a00d—ac4 42 50 | 143 50 | 6
Biles sis oka scterawiersiere 40 00 | 144 00 36 Pe pao bonSAasesEoube 42 35 | 144 56 | 50
ADI ViGews c= ssccesassne 39 54 | 144 17 | 17 A spoano op AssoadOde (a) | (a) 8
ae ate ata 39 15 | 144 06 78 DER sei sye eck) (a) (a) 30
Uh, GS REOAEDUOCOIOGE 39 25 | 144 24 32 BOs ya deaeaisejcisaciaais (a) (a) 7
Gee sisace ere amen ce 39 28 | 143 31 1G Widiabecy WIEBE EC oBesesoesoror (a) (a) 34
REP eee te aim lntare 39 25 | 143 10 47 Gace til ean diceelets 43 16 | 147 00 12
iI), 5 Uae are ee poe 39 29 | 142 54 38 ae masta Jon (a) (a) | 34
Ob) a aes 39 27 | 142 21 10 UT CEE) aiiene ane (a) (a) | 39
aes ae nic icteieleacics's 39 51 | 142 00 3 Qe aadsseccecesheess (b) (b) 102
749) SACRA SUO DOE aes 40 15 | 142 23 29 Wess opecaueciggeceoo (b) (db) 22
Ci sSaaeeEoeeeespaoe 40 13 | 143 00 40 Wsoonbacdeasaaacoass (b) (b) | 67
Di ssc ee ee (a) (a) 2 TORE hed Ne eee (oy aie Oy | 20
Oem etnies wee acts cis 40 03 | 1438 06 | 26 LBS OAC AO HeHOReoe (b) (B). | 19
EN a a (a) (a) ABP ela saheseee anaes | 53 48 | 167-32 | 2
RP na save taie sic aicis (a) (a) 11 BA Sacisiataeteaceclaias 53 57 | 168 56 | 6
Meme issisisesciele'sc cnc 41 39 | 142 05 47 AD Hames cnae sseleeis 55 02 | 169 59 | 3
ere sisyeteaicicis ere a crave 41 386 | 143 20 25 7 Dacca baabeoeoodee | 55 26 | 169 13 | 4
i | |
a No position. b Ten miles off Scoutan Island.
AMERICAN SCHOONER LOUIS OLSEN (JAPAN COAST), GUILLAMS, MASTER.
| | WO aj pase
1894. N. E. | 1894. INE i.
i Gini) 1) ee eee 36 26 | 145 23 IU ONY bch) aan eSeeenee 40 55 | 142 58 3
Wiese atealeteiaie) eters) sacs 36 17 | 145 43 7 UGH SCOB AS CORTE HOS 41 45 | 143 35 35
UG). sp SGne ona sera eee 36 23 | 147 41 67 Osler sys atatecioe 41 37 | 143 03 65
Wipe ser stastis seine se stsrs 38 36 | 147 52 14 | DORE Me sane raat siete 41 57 | 142 27 19
YO) (ois sdsedemaoecadas 37 40 | 146 15 42 | Pilireate ata etal oe ete (a) (a) 59
2 Sac poe GEC EREe 37 47 | 144 22 6 estate ata ayeh nat eyateraia sie 41 00 | 143 00 30
ANDRE ee a cemaececeut 38 16 | 146 46 54 | 25) Si steelatnioie ee misicie 41 47 | 142 28 3
renee onyeia titel rale isos 38 22 | 147 39 | 50 | QGijsisswosciicemmacece 42 38 | 142 54 if
Be rejaleretsicinins misietere (aio 39 20 | 146 05 | 155} B05 Saves seas cee cisss 42 42 | 144 58 15.
Be sclatalei= eee eie ices 38 59 | 146 46 8 | OUP Se eeateceeilecectse 42 38 | 144 38 63
Oertseicieeemerine se 38 34 | 145 47 SOU kun Clas ceeccsemerceaecc 42 46 | 145 03 35.
Geer creiciecisicie storie 38 20 | 145 50 30 | b
bh. See oSaceaneenae 88 08 | 144 52 24
De seae tee anes <i 40 13 | 144 18 10
UREceicerece eset cia 37 06 | 145 56 5
1G); See Se Bee ahee ears 37 02 | 146 03 53
DO meielem iene setes to aa 7 30 | 146 20 28
7 Sane ABS HOE AOE 87 08 | 146 39 8
78S ego Oo cos eReOenS 387 18 | 146 03 33
Ber eoeisteaisie seieseats 36 15 | 146 26 60
Oe asiclesicia(s ee nears | 36 41 | 146 09 8
Deena eislclote wloiwaieicave 37 14 | 146 15 5
BULeecescitewiejs/ccimaaie 37 01 | 146 05 29
Ma Vimo lass cscs ccteh cic: 35 54 | 144 43 36

a Cape Yerimo SE. by E. 28 miles.
b Fifty-seven seals additional belong to the catch; they were taken by the boats that went astray
and were picked up by the Penelope, making the total catch 1,112.

74

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

. Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1898.

{From official sources. ]

AMERICAN SCHOONER J. EPPINGER (BERING SEA), MICHAEL WHITE, MASTER.

| .
Date. Latitude.! vane Males. Femstegy Total.

| ude.

Ww.
167 47 6 5 11
167 (27 3 5 8
167 16 il 3 4
167 40 |) seieseeeee af
167 30 8 42 50
167 46 13 48 61
167 47 1 3 4
168 00 1 4 5
168 Ol 12 23 35
168935) ||’-.72 sacs 1 1
168 40 13 22 35
UGE Seb sceee nee 2 2
G8) 230) lease 1 if
167 52 8 27 35
167 52 7 16 23
167 51 7 16 23
169 00 2 3 5
173 40 10 22 32
73 50) 5 11 16
173 (03 7 10 17
WSs 20 | ace i 1
172 40 4 25 29
172 32 4 41 45
ni dio KO) Aa uscoc 2 2
113 333 446
74 22) eee 5 5
NGO 35s |eeee ener 1 1
Lhe Saieeienters 113 339 452

SEA), SCOTT, MASTER.

a Observation,

41

| Cruising from
to 40 miles E.
Cape Yesan.

Cape Yesan W.
about 20 miles.

53
13
48
07
51

E.
145
145
145
146
146
145
146
146
146
146
146
146
146
146
143
142
142
142
142
142
142
142
142
142
142
141
141
142

142
141
142
142
142

18
26
25

40)

31

b Dead reckoning.

ne

boot
WATROH ANE OWNER ACOH RH

a

11

*
"K

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 15

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
r Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER HERMAN (JAPAN COAST AND BERING SEA), SCOTT, MASTER—

Continued.
Date. Latitude. Longi- Males. | Females.| Total.
tude, =
N. EK.
May 17 Cape rVerimoyNn20s acces osleeen eee et A!
miles. | |
41 49 | 142 27 29
41 58 142 07 | 19
41 50 142 20 | 29
Cape Yerimo ENE. 13
4 E.
Distances 0mmilesies lesen sees se seee eee 9
June SiO biamecNnwWie, who |isot cave well eevee crete 2
miles.
Simo mame NONE eee! Onl ee cere Reece ee ee 14
miles.
Weendor Wetorufie! |aa-..cec|-caceceeee 16
Island NW. 25
miles.
Score Ne SARS S Seno bs en Secs eR a 8
S810 wesb ONG Wis ||eceiccsclencecesicse 23
25 miles.
LOMA ESM S moO Le eU plese erere elses 1
Bay, Yetorufie.
Care Fale C 4: Cie wi) Lim lefclerersierealtsscxetaletetetepets 13
Wa Pele aYVGtOnUNes ee seems seemccrs 2
Island NW. 25
miles.
Wie end WOLORU EH | asicereiaie| i ciniec eer i
Island NNW. 35
miles.
Otter! sland niG) lle c 1, <tulSetsee cisiatete 1
tniles, S. of Yeto-
rufie.
Otter) Island iN. 10) |52- 3. -.-|2 een. 5
miles.
IWeendot Metorune) |e. <i c= -|soscleenie oe 6
NNW. 12 miles.
45 19 1 Ay SSeS AeeG saareecees 1
INE W.
Aug. Ben Oiler lon essa 10 10
56 10 166 25 4 10 14
55 45 IE OB eB peacs 1 1
56 19 GSMO islets ceva 4 4
55 «19 GS. | see. cee 1 ik
55 08 168 47 6 14 20
56 45 172 43 1 11 12
56 37 7h Be peese ses 4 4
57 18 173 29 1 5 6
57 18 178) 280) |leseeeses 11 11
56 27 liye} Aco sal lpeesooee 2 2
55) bb Wise 2 8 28 36
56 03 | 173 21 Uf 14 21
iy data Tg} PB 9 19 28
55 54 Mis: 145 14 17 31
6.02) 13) 735 16 53 69
56 12 Lit 32) 1 9 10
56 56 172 50 5 8 13
Sept. sy) ia} 2) Bo 22 60 82
55 49 AZo 4 12 16
56 42 173 «41 ail 3 4
56 16 Tey sees 3 31 | 34
57 44 172 39 1s |e peterersteyst Scots 1
Lope Sts ieee Shenae 103 327 1, 067

AMERICAN SCHOONER EDWARD E. WEBSTER (JAPAN COAST AND BERING SEA),
A. C. FOLGER, MASTER.

Mar.

Apr.

a Observation.

E.
141 55
142 04
141 45
143 02
145 00
143 53
142 31
142 20
142 26

see ee eee

76 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Coane and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER EDWARD E. WEBSTER (JAPAN COAST AND BERING SEA),
A.C. FOLGER, MASTER—Continued.

Date Latitude. poney, Males. | Females.) Total.
1895. NG eee

ONAN Attest ds So coe heise bom adios aw < 2 Sase eaten eae 38.50° |" 1427 /30"|2.- eee 3
39 48 142" (323)... k oelcmeeeeeee 35

39 47 142) 39") 2202S tases 3

39 37 143) -26.7) 2.3. Jo | eee 2

39 24 @ 2 nee 5

39 49 142 32 pee Coe 36

89050.) ) ao nyt 44

39 45 42 24 sas onto 4

May ALS 42601 431020 /ee ee | 10
41 50 142) 53) \e.2c aacccilljersteemetncts 3

41 53 VASE OD al ecces | ndeeeueee 15

42 18 V4 24) ode nia | eee eee 8

41 14 T4020) 5. nce 32.4 Seer 34

42 11 141 18 |!.% Sc. c Sesereeeees 34

42) D0) |e 4 Tee 16) || eee 6

42 16 149): 05) s2cc23 28 eee eeeeeee 10

ADOT) (ay 12

42 09 | 141 8

(a) (a) 23

41 47 143 28

43 O04 146 13

43 18 146 18

43 24) 146 41

43 26) 146 4

43 26| 146 4

HUME) Mi Me sasaacacemenesaseen sepa ee tech oeeeeeteceee 43 28 146 3
Roe ey ets ane TS Se eis eels ara (ate reim ate eee lerelatesicre 43 50 147 9
Ge raematmasietectoeta ele sieiale aie hiatal cterne rae eeredetevetetomnare 44 10 147 27
Rees Meee ce ances s ceissaccciecisss seeiccecicccieese (a) (a) 29
B siowns coisa 's wins asides Sste,an ewe ciaacissee cles sleaiejse (a) (a) 18
Opa sea taco ee ee ea accineceacssnaeae emcee asee (a) (:) eee BRIGSRSROS cBscogh.. 25
1B ASG ETE Se a cic CRI Aiea raeise seas ate = Cyc 44 20 TAT 80 ie oes cel Seem 9
I | EN SEED EGE C OEE TStS SSBB bine SG MRE moBece (a) (7) nn Seer ere Saact- 9
WB er iwisiaeiaisneeeeins ooseeaewee oes eoeceeiscmaecies (a) (an Bee eeeay Sesoncasc. 15
UG iamiets ototc tene me ee ne eema teens mame cote detioare 44 12 VAT AID |. 5 2 scicca| Sac ceeeeee 9
NO Pee maton ereee tram risiaie etiapemiiacitcer ce-ceemins (a) (a) Woe a Eas eee 5

NE W.

PATH Pam Dene sceamaciseece a= sai eaeeiionoeeiceeeccieaines b55 10 Ty pl) Bh), | Remosoee 3 3
OM eee cio ele ctelac bracts cioec ones ceeiet sicteinaicrs seaes 55 330 171 +30 2 13 15
SL ee zy ieisenre @ Sninini ele jaicciseraielejaynieisietaem isles niarsisiesiomats e54 56 171 40 6 21 27
LO Re CO ReB Sd Gta e BEAD ES EOAE Sa aE Dat Sera seeise c5d) 13 phi 3 17 20
DS Soe Ree tenes ie ee ote cle See Se onion eae e56 (O01 171 45 3 22 25
MT eteneee az eeeeiaee seal ich maaan ama einaisisiaincine c55 (08 171 O1 9 15 24
Oe etsoe smncinioeesinc cise se /cnine Som anaemia ceiaar c55 08 170 30 1 2 6
Aerie Se ccmiaaiaicisc ee cisis Jas alcisinie toes sicivine seeeeeee c55 25 169 10 13 50 63
DN eiee, cs crominers| saan ae sty sis seigiaisie ce meteiac eee setae Cibo 2, 169 36 12 24 33
PAF S Rete a ety ane Ne? teh eh EAE Fae nan Pacha Re EE Ete cbo) 16 169 59 4 16 20
DY eae ta mee tee asain Soteenie tose ee ei eeeien c54 56 168 00 a 4 6
BOM Eas ote casa tapsoeis = eaten cenia.e soa eee sae c54 57 168 55 2 6 8
Diligetiem aia a aie ne ainie anon Ho asiaseeeeweeaitsecde cs c54 54 168 55 3 6 9
Ole ets nis ates sia seine cisisle pace Seseenlamee niece cece c55 54 168 56 2 2 4

SOD tepeelte sraais ae wc Shee eeleeeetee eee en oisinak mec esidsmes c54 50 168 00 3 4 7

BYaistayasapeelsjor Tajenielen stoma aioe ciate siemision seins Selene | c47 47 165 18 iN! yeerstoreyersere 1
Mota Aes anie sa ecoaceceristies cast eeigace aces Beaesoaeeal bseecososor 66 205 1, 037
a Not noted on log. b Dead reckoning. c Observation.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ALTON Garay pores AND BERING SEA), A. J. ANDERSON,
ASTER.

INE
36
37
37
38
38
41
41
40

el
SHH ROWER

bo

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

17

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ALTON (JAPAN COAST AND BERING SEA), A. J. ANDERSON,
MASTER—Continued.

| Latitude.

Longi-
tude.

|
| Males.

Females. | Total.

Apr.

May

|
|
|
|
|
|

16

pb eee pee evencey Cicer aes 1-7

seocoss 1
BCROaS 1
enscee- 1
Soa0nd¢ 2
5 6
3 15
SACCe 1

3 9 12

4 9 13

5 10 15

al seSenoues 1

6 7 13

U i4 21

1 1 2

1 3 4

6 16 22

2 2 4

45 98 458

AMERICAN SCHOONER MATTIE T. DYER (JAPAN COAST), C. E. MOCKLER, MASTER.

Latitude.

pen Seals. | Date. Latitude. pee Seals.
E. 1895. N. E.
166 00 Te) weirs Pre See aoeeoecon| 54 34 164 40 48
166 04 10 SOs sagececee 54 20 163 30 a
166 14 if: Bie seHesoooosu 54 30 163 40 14
164 10 PAil|| Su ee sasscaedac 55 45 b) 1
170 10 1 Be eee ue 55 45 163 50 3
(a) 4 Y hes AE eta ee os 54 38 163 20 13
165 47 8 Ge shee eaas (a) (a) | 2
165 47 5 ORG Rene See 54 38 162 30 | 1
165 10 12 ——_-—— -—_ —
164 10 1 | Total Hoe ee eee laseccsesenlseaece==e= 149
164 10 4 |

a No observation.

b No longitude.

78 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER EMMA AND LOUISA (BERING SEA), A. McLEAN, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. pene L: Males. | Females. || Date. | Latitude. Teper Males. | Females.
1895. Ne ae | 1895. N. Ww.

IWR) Soxec| EB MS. gil WAN ses see 3 || Aug. 25-22) 5547 | 173100 2 8
FO Reee eee 5s Ons Salpent7ilier4 Sul pree ea 7 | 26...| 55 44] 173 15 18 35
Wlese.| Boe BD) We. ig 3 16 27...| 55 50] 173 15 22 29
1D 5-)| 1 oe Oh ee as 4 29 || 28...| 55 59] 173 10 14 9
eee 56) 120) 73) Ol 1 AalliSeptanlece\ ome 2talelii2ns56 2 3 ,
15....| 56 07 | 173 00 3 20 || oe 57 00] 172 48 2 28
TGS) MAB aby |) TRY Shoes 1 Bes) are (OO AAY Gece ss TL
Tool) PBA aye lle AREY BO 2 22 8...| 56 50] 174 08 2 8
19255,|".56 06°)! 173° 37 it 12 || OSS Cee Pi AA AGT) eSuacee- 3
19....) 56 02| 173 12 3 21 || MOL Su| aye ON alr} Wy 2 13
20225:| 56 12)| 172.48 9 40 || 13...| 56 59] 173 08 % ve
cea a xa OO Dey a 1 19 18...| 54 09} 167 15 5 4
DOR 56 206i) lis ale 6 33 — — ————————EE
OBEeA 56 | 10) 17sc0 4 19 || Motall'|*. seers see eee 108 399

| |
AMERICAN SCHOONER BONANZA (JAPAN COAST), GEORGE WESTER, MASTER.
Date. Latitude. Tonge: Males. | Females.! Total.
|
11
5
i
5
27
26
16
13
6
10 ;
2
41
56
1
38
23
124
41
61
42
9
5
26
19
63
40
26
9
11
19
57
2
2
1
3
5
8
5 2
(eee Oe Nom eae Cee hee eh le ay 43 31 146" 150422. eee 13
Tee Meta AEP, MADEN Sil Re NS eee 2s b43 43 147+ (047)2. cate eee 10
£5 See etal i ry a cet te 1 ROCHE A we OO an aE | NR ey} LR oe en |e EeSeeoos it
FLO aT SUA Oe Nay As aR AUG ee a43 23 TAG 49). eee See 3
14s EXC ee Ree 2) De aS iL wees oI Lye B43 150) |) 47 ONE eS ee 9
A162 ie ONY SS SERRA Ns Sh alee aes cn O(n [ieee cor eee (A Dees \e2ceueenee 2
Tecan eee Pe, BRU SEE ete NCE Bas (450 Oh Gi5ol heen sae Wears ets | 9
21,51 Fa ea EL ar RU a44 01 AT SUD. 3) eteegn| seamen 17

PACT MRO ec Sets eG ertee nt: Ok aera Lik Ma yf PON) Te YW Nee ee 2 3 3
TU) es RS 7 8s PC RG he eee Bre 57 40| 172 47) 2 2 4
OREN eae NS rat): toe Be eed esc oer SIRGE bd57 38 172 47 1 2 | 3
TVS Se ee INE Sh) i 5G Ge Oe eee ee ge a55 18 170 40 2 6 8
TS can RA a CREE a oe Ad EEE RE ID 55 26| 170 13 | 4 48 52
Teach t cS Ae A ee ent Site Mae eM MOEA TREE T TAINS 55 17| 170 32 17 38 55
YTV eS Tae SI aioe ou Mb ee RR Ree TPR! 55 06| 169 47 1 10 11

aObservation. b Dead reckoning.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 719

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER BONANZA (JAPAN COAST), GEORGE WESTER, MASTER—Cont’d,

Date. peaticades Tongt, Males. | Females.| Total.
i Sn hi AL | eee
1895 N. E.
JNIRG) Bil ooceededaseacus sod paciese cosson ceases ame osee 5455 170 30 5 5 10
em wm wow aw eee om lw wine = eee nwa wien noses asd 06 169 50 | 2 17 19
DU 3 eae CA aE ee RSs ae b54 32 168 03 | 3 2 5
TAS; | Ge ARE hs ST? A een tei Na 54 44 | 167 54 | 7 1 | 8
2). aes SR a i ARLE an © a i I TWD) BY ee 1 | 1
GN) SoS ees SE ree ees «ee ee 55 15 169 23 6 12 | 18
ED Pelee eee cere Pee eat OLE Men eM Que ee eo. | 55 15 | 169 24 33 34 | 67
9 SS ROR nc airtel ene Re «0 Sa Sonal 169 41 6 6 12
nda ER SEBO D Te os HORACE ee Roe ao See acon ooceees 5528 171 31 1 1 2
ho SURE a a ON re Oe Re oe ee a SYN) ial fa 2 4 6
nso ERS Sa, 2 RS eee Dg 2D 78 Agel Gl alilem OTaleeee eee Tl 1
TIC) lem een ie a ee oem aD fa er i) | (Os |) TO BO aoe ase ne 3 3
71 ej RE Re een e> te aR Ee Sie a ad55 00 169 50 a1) Se eae 1
“TDS SS es ee Sep ame eta ne Sia eee Re ea | 93 196 1, 215
a Dead reckoning. b Observation.
AMERICAN SCHOONER BOWHEAD (JAPAN COAST), W. P. NOYES, MASTER.
1895 N. W.
TiS Tbe cage GaSe eae en a oeeeeree Gs nts Le aa 36 14 ie GAG 2 seine 18 18
H
INR, Ti SSR Sis oe ee ee eet MR ein ll 36 48 146 01 1 9 10
OY! = GaP C EEE BE CHC o Eee ends 2 Le Oe 36 40 145 50 3 11 14
B10). oe He es ER SR eS 8s oe 36 42 IMG Tease sees 2 2
ANyore, il URES AERIS SE eee ee th 5 Aken 36 21 145 48 3 | 24 27
2, = Beet ne Se One a oa ema 36 20 146 01 10 | 46 56:
SB) Sie Gaede ene Re Gee aoe <5) oe 36 20 145 43 6 17 23
by: SES ae ek Mee cE 2) os ae 36 37 146 00 2 | § 8
Gree see eeanta se i)aicts WC Ss = a's Sein Sapam see ne, Se 36 05 145 36 4 | 12 16
ee eRe are hi. 2 1s 2 at Ene ge aif all 146 28 1 1 2
10) SRR ee eee ae ped) 2) te Nea 37 01 146 09 ny] Race al
13} eceteS ae Ieee eee eee Lee a ee 37 12 146 08 8 | 27 35
11D sg GUO DEOL RoE Rae EEE REI eS cy, Seam S7e lie 1460031 if 23 30
110 Se Sees eae eee eet 1 5 sae A 39 09] 146 40 8 | 7 15
17) ot gebeeae Sosa een ee EME reece Bona ceeoBe 39 26| 146 34 1 1 2
11 ese GENO eae ee ne ae a nA el | 39 40| 147.17 5 7 12
FG Rarer ee eet tee Shae ee eee a | | 39 38 147 22 11 14 25
O1) eee eee ee eee ee ee Se 39 50 147 25 1 | 3 4
Dl eee ior OORT a EE Sn ar ace ama 39 57 ASESORU| Serene | 1 1
2D) ce Sa P ae SRR mh a | 39 40] 148 40 3 | 3 6
Orta acne chen ce Ba/es asa es eee EE el 40 12} 148 30 16 | 22 38
Ohi) Ratna ae oy Mapa eee eran, S01 A ea 40 10 148 35 3 | 5 8
aire Me Be dls SR Lk eS wh ee 39 58 148 30 8 14 22
IMGs? DBs See AER eS a Re ue oma 39 48 148 02 42 54 96
AES NN ae rs 2a et RR 40 00! 148 15 2 | 2 4
Bite eee cee a. Pe el oo ae ee 40 20] 148 18 10 | 14 24
@ cehege BA Shee ie a ee erp eu nti SS ia 40 10 148 12 17 26 43
1 Soe A USOC One eerie mera st 7 7 ie 40 12] 148 12 8 | 4 12
Bere coat: Uae se cicae o Wie ee ert cee 40 01 148 34 11 10 21
0) Ss SS SE Ger ee Cerne gS!) Lo Mae | 40 08 147 53 Tia eae ever ae 7
Bre settee hates wena ntnaise ie sieietcten ee Oe elec ae 40 18 148 30 Ph bonne cee 2
1G} cee ae Ce Ta enn Eee See a 40 39 148 40 2 1 3
IQ ce SERIO Se SEARS EEO CEE EEE BEE dt om ee ene 40 26 146 48 3 | 1 4
OA0) i aU RT aR eee eee eo. &S 3 OR ON 41 00 146 44 ily Reeser ces 1
Gy 2S Be a Sie ee Lee 8 42 16| 145 50 5 | 2 | 7
OFS Ha nee aeons aa ee RTE I A 3 CU 42 45 145 36 8 | 14 | 22
CA} ct eee AE ee Dela er ene Oa 5 een 42 50 TAB MESON |e ee eee 1 | 1
TS a eae eee Se ee tye LUE Eat NRE aR EB 42. [53 145 30 Te eye yes 1
S10) cia eae ae eet Ree en ee ONE STs 2) | SA A228 145 50 3 1 | 4
Dl eee ce MBAR Rane Ayan pace ERE tocar teE! 42 45 145 35 4 | 2 | 6
ELTA CMD patie A Pers os eR RL, Sky ne hE 43 10 145 55 9 | 1 | 10
BB. < cates e eres Eaten eR | MA 43 15 146 22 5 6) 11
ap Seach et Remy Nh tamnnen ee tk anv 42 56 146 06 2 2 4
Of Le cee rates eae Ue ROG 8S TO a 43 00 146 05 [ei ees eee 1
GS BORE SS AAP ae erences UE mene al Cr cae a 43 35 147 10 1 1 2
pe ee ALC SR 2k El CORSE 43 37 Thy sally Reeneise | 1 1
HSU SE ACID OSE Ee ees cif eee Cena 43 56 147 58 16 5 21
Uahy <Gessseaelee gaa e ae Gee eI oe? ete eae Sa} 173 25 HL Ee ctclereve tes 1
QUAY ls Ae Ss a neers IE IH AS AIR) 263 | 421 684

80

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER WINCHESTER (JAPAN COAST), FRANK JOHNSON, MASTER.

c Longi-

Date. Latitude. cae

1894 N. Ww.
MOCHA sees eee cs ees 36 59 123 55
VA Reece raes eis ane 37 «(06 123 30
GOR acess see 3%) 5 123 43
SR Ssiste Sac 38 00 123 37
RY Ss SOR Rne Sep Ore 38 00 123 20
22s Sasciales sce eee 38 24 123 49
DO aaieleieis a Lice sore 38° 33 123 50
DAs sei a crear 38 31 124 10
COS SOR ROR eae oz 755 123 32
BOE as cscecesceee 38 08 1238 3
eo UN ee Vayatte tases ereters 38 15 123) 50

1895.

Dialed lisse cider SS Osi alesneod
Deecinmisiocvacie 37 45 IPRS
Gece ce ihawjsiec.s 37. «336 123 21
Qe a etVave caterers 37 884 122 51
LOM Rerece access 36 53 L230 D8
Weiss Gace casts 386 43 123 46

E.
MMligirs (2 cis siaeaaraid cts ais 36 22 144 30
t DEsciasceccics scies 36 14 147 (00
Wiassitec Geseeiee 36 21 145 06
ABIDE OS a -fe-a'= cle ors cre 36 15 145 33
VAT GL anaes, 36 30] 146 10
DEER. MLN ee 386 389 146 02
BOS Mee SE 36 25 145 49
Deeeiice ee ce ccisic 36. 25 145 49
Gteeet oe ites 36 26) 146 25
5 Severs occas 39 38 142 29
Gee epai Bite sisterars 39 15 142 46
LY aR eee eee or 40 04 142 56
a ANS SSaennaoee 40 06 143 «00
TORRE ECS Sea 39 55 | 1438 25
Dose nosee seats 40 37 143 42
1 ES Re Oa 42 22 145 02
iersteesel- iets baci 42 37 144 40
Way anes eo cies eke 42 25 | 144 30
Leo GAEL Gb 42 00 145 24
(is aoe 41 11] 146 10
Basetcsaeesecse 39 46 143 52

Seals.

| Latitude.

Longi-

Date. tacler
1895—Continued. N. EK.
With, Wseccoccnosdes 39 39] 146 20
Waka ncoaocoade 39 37 146 49
| eee aaeeese 39 32 146 13
LD Me ysererateieacete ele 40 00 147 08
ay eee acpacisa 39 54 | 147 13
TS eseece cones 39 (53) 147
MGs cseeats ene 40 12 146 30
Woe cles cesee 40 44] 147 19
2D ee eianie cine 42-29) aye
S02 csAeeeeeeee 40 09) 146 45
SUN Wess esas 43 15) 147 00
Qe sesaseeweaee 43 20 147 26
ieee eae e 42 59) 147 40
Guz eaticetenise A330 147 49
Usssicaecoeece 43 43 147 27
Bence ceeeees 43 57 147 07
Qe aces eens 43 47 147 16
Ls tbigasaetse 43 40 147 03
MS coc teeter 43 30 148 19
AY ee Ses ae 43 37 | 148 14
Pos terstreesecias 43 29 147 52
Dis seeseteeses 43 29 147 12
1 eeeorsooseace 43 40 147 40
a ees aie 43 30 148 16
BI Nase eke meee 49 30] 158 52
Oiilb aeinotecopsedsas 52) 37 165 38
ESE Re ene 52) 58) L66ieo2
nh ae a Ee aaamon 53) 400) 168i33
ee apcacsecene 53 48 168 10
| eet crate 53 09 168 22
Pe BSE ac Sama 168 16
Pe BeOS aSebe bool! 168 36
7): ae ES TIGE EE 53 24 167 36
29% rehyeeeemer BEV ery UG Oe
SORE eee eee 53) 251 osmeoe
6? ee ener 53 58 168 28
Aig.” See ees 53 27 | 168 56
Dee eae renee ae 53 30] 168 20
Dene eee 5316s et 6gioe
Totali=icecscelost-s2 cone Seeeeeeeee

Seals.

—_ bo

i

7

Kno ay
HOCH HOOD RHORHWWANSCORARHACHWHHEROUR AW

HH

AMERICAN SCHOONER SOPHIA SU TREE AND (JAPAN COAST), A. C. SUTHERLAND,
ASTER.

Apr. 2

36
46

28
53
51
53
49
43
05
29

50
01
37
56
31
37

45 |
27 |

03 |

mor

bo

[oo PE lO ll cd Be el OP OO

ee

bo

a Calm.

No observation.

SS a

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 81

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER RATTLER (JAPAN COAST AND BERING SEA), FREDERICK
NIELSEN, MASTER

. |
Date. Latitude. Long | Males. Females.| Total.
| ees aaa) fe Se
| |
1895. ING EK.

JAG Dts JU). ¢ ABO BS SEAR IR CEC IOC CORES SOUABS ES SOE PSEC Sees Si) ee) 142 41 | 10 | 12 22
1) cade aegeaa alos Be btatecaecea seed Sete SeeReeS 39 18] 142 32} 21 17 38
LY np dBbasgoceciisgoudengtanagoassesies soba coeeene 39 45| 142 45 | 2 1 3
115), : SRR ERA GB OA HOSE SS ae Ree RE De EEE acca eee 39 54] 142 35 | 7 | 2 9
110): SIERO OCIS He il Oe Ber See ae a ee ae ee 40 59 1} “Oil Wes ee 2 2
11). Se ne en An Se ee ee ee 40 13) 148 55 gE Le ebahe bate ra 1
1 eee Ae A. Rare dnees Fe nce Meets ete ars 39 41! 144 16 19 | 39 58
Meee cise asia os ein cslelstoe late salsem meiteeinc. cis <in- 39 35 | 14a S43 Nee coe 4 4
Bie: . 5 he ae ee ee ee eae de ae 4 ee em SO OS NaS dL ee ee 2 2

Lay Il asasesospacecnongues coon peop ornoOdosogOeSHBaee 39 42] 144 55 4 21 25

3 40 58) 148 11 2 5 7
40 41) 142 58 11 36 47
40 40 142 35 3 t/ 10
41 O01 142 47 4 4 8
42 08 142 16 8 2. 10
2 07 142 08 12 3 15
45 50 1427 Bi leaciciele wie a
All 4 142 38 28] 17 28
41 40 142 43 3 4 7
41 23 143 32 STAISEaa Ss aess 3
4:15 (5p 143 47 il eSeacaccss 1
41 52 144 42 3 1 4
41 40 144 00 Diiltsteieiate sieistete 2
41 38 142 25 11 17 28
41 38 142) 25 | 4 2 6
42 08 142 10) 4 1 5
42 08 142 10 1 7 8
42 10 142 00 | 2 t/ 9
41 33 143 24 | 2 lectern soils 2
42 11 144 38 | 5 | 11 16
42 39 TAS i oul 3 | 8 11
43 06 TE UE iS aeeree 1 1
43 10 WAT rl Galea oc. | 2 2
4% 10 147 16 IUGR es asd ye a 1
3} TO alee at ] 4 5
44 06 148 14 DF WeektStercretotee 22
41 42 N75) 56 29 12 41
42 03 iz Pal | eaaeaeee | 3 3
43 15 176 00 21 71 92
43 09 175 58 u 24 31
43 34 Wis Wabi laadaeos 2 2
Ww.
54 57 167 45 10 21 31
54 52 167 32 3 7 10
55 09 169 37 3 7 10
54 59 NGO i |sy=e.c'sicie.s 1 1
55 05 169 10 3 | 4 a
55 (03 169 22 12 48 60
55 00 169 20 15 57 72
54 49 169 10 6 7 13
55 (04 169 30 6 28 34
D4 DD 169 24 3 9 12
ayy 1B} 170 38 6 28 34
ay" il 170 36 a i 2
54 44 168 51 6 6 12
54 51 NGS SM ere ee crea 1 1
55 05 170 38 6 24 30
56 49 V4 AQ Se. oc sie 1 1
57 09 ia 9283 7 44 51
50) .Do 73) (51) 7 29 36
57 03 | 173 50} il 1 2
Simeon WS 48 2haars-15 150 13 13
SEP 1 eS ee ee ra eer see ate ne el SE 58 36 WE SP Geacccar | 2 2
7. SE ee eR ave Hein eee fee A cla eee ae 5 ool, ats. 54 3 16 19
Gee a Reais oc adie em ace eee acme cen 56 41!/ 174 52 | 1 ] 2
ere oo Send, aia aes nee apa Mayle as 56 54 173) 47, 2 | 5 7
D3 cee eS es ee et ee a een DS CBF) aly Blo Seaee | 2 2
1) = ASA BRE SE En Oe eee eee ie Os 2 RIDE ea MRED) Gm 40n| enefomoOn| aerate 1 1
(1S 3 3 Ee ai ee ene tet ee Bae SRul |) GG! 48.) 222) 1 1
Tos Ge eee Se ORES 2S Ee Deena Gilt LOY TG SCR) SR 5 5
S11) cuts Anes ake ele aaa bi nn SR aT a nie 2 TE Sanaa 54 30) 165 35 | Teese soo 1
AO Gales rere aot ate cis heres eetetoe Bee Galea eee | epee eetere Sse eyetaialefats;a\sier= | 327 721 1, 048

S. Doe. 137, pt. 2——6

82 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER JANE GRAY (Oa JAPAN AND RUSSIA), 8S. H. BURTIS,

Date. Latitude. Pougt, Seals. Date. Latitude. TOnEE Seals.
1895. N. Bo) \|" 1895. N. E.

Dg) 7 eee Saanorpe ec 35 58 141 08 | ail hav 2652 seierteai aie 41 42 142 49 19
DOs eases as ee a7 12 141 18 | 31 | Diheeseseaesene 41 36 142 46 2
2G ae ramcias = wite 37 «(06 141 20 | DUM, Plseess acer ec 41 06 143 20 2
Willesaece s\siansicie's 37 «30 141 37 12 | 2 loreielaaterstenielelers 41 06 143 20 1
Oe erat ncinicrais cvsisys 38 06 AT 5D) 21 | Djsirawia sree eae 41 06 143 20 4
BWascnbabasorckc 38 08 142 22 9 | Biesen he eee ate 42 30 146 24 aL

ye ee a a 37 40| 143 20 23 | Gi eae ve ate 42 44) 146 20 10

38 ON 142 30 ah wie seiwtacsia ses 42 55 146 16 12
38 29 142 20 6 | Sis) Sates etetey= so 43 47 148 35 10
39 31 142 25 9 | AN aaerajereteiasrye 44 00 147 10 10
37 40 142 21 2 Pb sacot es baer 4415 146 10 5
40 19 143 13 14 Wie weticstewratieats 44 10 146 55 10
40 27 142, «15 30 fe ae 44 18 147 03 7
40 28 142 05 | eal WO) eo cicieelondae 44 12 147 28 4
40 15 142 16 10 | 23 seis cee sete 44 10 147 40 6
40 11 142 25; 75. | peri ire 43 21 148 00 ix)
40 09| 142 24| 11 ieee | | ee
40 50 143 00 rofl aN ENS SoeeBo||Saoctosscs|lb2osconess a1,111
40 00 143 «(00 30 ——| = =—=—=—=_—_=
39 37 142 22 5 || Aug. 52 52 164 11 1
39 58 142 30 58 Soames 165 48 42
40 09 142 12 |} 19 || 53 59 165 49 | 2
40 50 142 15 | 4 | 54 17 165 02 1
41 54 14z 00 6 55 (09 163 44 3
41 54 142 00 32 | 56 44 164 25 28
41 54 142 00 33 56 09 164 10 | 8
41 54 142 00 89 | 56 09 164 10) 2
41 54 142 00 32 || 56 09 164 10 1
41 54 142 00 94 || 56 09 164 10 13
41 54 142 00 55 || 56 09 164 10 13
41 54 142 00 1 O30 40) 164 00 5
41 54] 142 00 16 | 54 20] 165 29 1
41 54 142 00 14 || 54 12 165 37 26
41 30 142 10 24 54 O1 165 39 2
41 25 142 15 51 | 54 10 165 35 4
41 25 142 15 8 |! Sept. 54 10 165 35 16
41 55 142 40 26 | 54 10 165 35 5
41 40, 142 40 4 || 54 10 165 35 12
Pa te hy |p aD alls) 19 || — ee ee
41 525s) 14215 23°|[) 1%. Motalie 551-222 .52..| Seo 185
41 45 | 142) 45 | 14 |
aJune 19, one skin taken in trade, making 1,112 skins in all landed at Yokohama, Japan.
AMERICAN SCHOONER THERESE (BERING SEA), JOHN WORTH, MASTER.
| °

Date. Latitude.| engl Males. | Females. | Total.
1895. Nea

AEST En gOS SER 8 ne ER APs, ey APR Ao | 56 46! 168 41 8 22 30
ih Bee Soe ea te eeintic atdiata tam a ale re crateleisints ayeieiela es elarersing | a54 58 168 50 3 8 11
TiC Pega ge IE. 3 Satie oi 9 Tea a Reames | “5a SG Hem uTORir 394/202 2 2
he Bo Gancsecssusnpuacne coo EeEboononecooonos ease Ali ea ages sdc 1 1
Reh shdooscsopcoSneobabooboadeoosanobouoropoocus 54 48 168 23 4 11 15
Tete edaeicce ee e ae afore cinaototeinicicle slerafe ele elayeciere efstaetereee | 56 00 172 00 2 19 21
NE Boos oO cOBMADSonlobon.oac SdcoHooLoDosebspesooge noo mIOS 172 10 3 11 14
1QePeecans SoHE Rotnonanocousansapcoscsssapsocnc | aé&6 00 172 12 11 17 28

| b31 b91 b122
DUS BS Dap CO ODO EDO CSR U CAGE bAee cic De pOnarEe Dono 56. 22 172 45 11 45 56
Dee erate ctaiene Biato nse rsleteiaie tale eiclsiainisicl= wleistevarslet= wiejaiejeiela/e 56 28 172 45 8 12 20
DD a ete me ate patayate ta iavetalatare Siaiete sixialat st ateinatrala’s ct aialeke a56 25 172 10 4 23 oT
Dds er opts lala wlarctetaie(eloisiaieite atetais aisjare Soe lelae sere oeialeteie a56 30 172 00 2 9 11
Dee SE AC HSE Rea A OCOD OFCED Pp ODCUOSponeoionc 56 32 172 12 5 34 39
Gero eragetereiceietotatateis ctele wiclsva laine ioieic ieee enietcletorsveieiate tata aye 173 48 5 15 20
PHC BOARS ODOR DH nob DOSE Aboa Booed cpio cconodoodconods 06 «39 173 30 18 53 71
Oem ers sem cisieteistetteetaisea a cle ole lscicicieisiseletscietslelsicin niarae | 56 48 ily} 34 5 10 15

ajo WSS Aaospoesonsceococadteoupecbopaes hae oa uee Dt Pa IZ ¢483| Soe ace 3 3
Doreen Lam cin nce ele Seite ite ae clodelaeeencic sisine aeons 56 32 172 48 | ike i 18 19
CS a ee a a eA are le a eer 56 25 174 20 I a re a 1
Sees a Jac mister Sa Dasome soa awine cisee sie oislwere sists 56 43 172 28 4 8 12
SESS CSE BESO GUA OSIS abs EOUa SO DESaHESnae Snare 57 04 173 34 il 9 10

S10 2 Um ey Ae ee ee SUbap a S/R Mee ME rere eal lene ia ea ALS ae 6 | 330 | 426

a Dead reckoning.
b August 20, latitude 56° 22’ north, longitude 173° 14’ west, the above number of skins and sex found
to be correct by E. V. D. Johnson, lieutenant, United States revenue steamer Perry.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 83
FJ

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
g

Continued.
AMERICAN SCHOONER COLUMBIA (NORTHWEST COAST), CHESTOQUA PETERSON,
MASTER.

7 |
Date. Latitude. Toner Males. | Females.| Total.

N. Wea. |
Jan, 24 48 07 126 00 10 5 15
48 10 126 01 16 | 15 31
48 06 126 00 12 3 15
48 12 125) 58 18 9 27
48 15! 126 03 12 | 4 16
48 00 125 58 9 7 16
Feb. 48 07 126 00 24 | 10 34
48 08) 125 58 | 3 | 3 6
48 12; 125 59 8 | 7 15
Mar. 48 10 125 20 3 5 8
48 15 125 30 a 6 7
48 40 125 00 2 6 8
47 42 125 05 4 2 6
48 00 125 02 Di rector setae 2
47 48°), 125 21 11 39. 50.
47 46 125 Qoulheeeeeee 3 3
47 39 IPE Psy akasos6 2 2
47 33 125 20 hcl ee }
47 44 125 50 12 | 20 32°
Cyl Be) aby C16 2 15 1T
47 52 125 08 2 2 4
47 44 125 07 13 41 54
SSH U Ss dl Momeecareise 165 204 a 369

a Shot 40, speared 329.

Customs examination, 216 females and 153 males.

AMERICAN SCHOONER COLUMBIA (NORTHWEST COAST), O. F. CHRISTIANSON,

MASTER.
| |
26 | 35 | 61
12 8) 20
BES | 1 | 1
re 11 | 11
3 4 7
1 | 1 2
18 27 45
16 37 53
3 4 7
6 57 63
PRs oe 2 2
1 3 4
14 41 55
9 10 19
12 18 30
5 9 14
6 8 14
2 4 6
be aoe 1 1
4 32 36
2 2 4
Marsh sa 1 1
4 14 18
2 14 16
2 3 5
11 22 33
2 2 4
1 8 9
1 2 3
163 381 | 544

$4 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

‘
Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER JAS.G.SWAN (NORTHWEST COAST), PETER BROWN, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. pou | Males. | Retest Total.
|
1895 N. W
TNs De 2c hs ape ES ROR I Ee a = eae et 48 00 126 00 9 6 15
ee Acetic Oa = oan care Re ee mae te aise on Cee 48 07 125 «58 22 12 | 34
Wee. eRe ek OE. a Re 48 12 126 03 3 | 4 | Vi
Oe oe a ae RE ee aes 48 09 126 05 | 10 17 | 27
CS Cat eS SS ey ae eee —, 8 eos ae 48 05 125% 15:1 3 2] 5
iis gS RSS Ee ER A Ce ey) ee 47 50 15 ABO eo 1] 1
73 5 I Re OR. ek Rr Pie ae ce | 47 40 125 19 3 | 5 8
She se) eS eR Pe ee 47 45 125 21 5 6 ll
TPA RSS 2 a 5 Sa Sk Se ee ee ee | 47 49 125 23 | 10. 18 23
ORE RAE Ee a ee 47 50 ine Dy ees = 2 2
SAR Sf Ee A Se ee ee 47 40 125 22 ial 1 2
2h Eo SIRS 2S Rae Oe ee eee 47 42 125. 3y 3 2 5
Ae A SS ER RL dS = ees | 47 50 125 30! 14 a 21
NG lo an Wain caicienteictn «2's aaa eens Soles mone se Soeur 47 51 125 21 3 | 5 8
YT Nae So 8 SURE fe Pe 3 ORNs yk Cae 7 44) 125 05] 14 | 41 55
pg NT et, ee ee 2 ne ee Oe i ee eee 100 | 124 a224
a Shot 30, speared 194.
Customs examination, 156 females and 68 males.
AMERICAN SCHOONER JAS. G. SWAN (BERING SEA). J. W. TODD, MASTER,
Ne W.

54 22 166 59 7 3 | 10
54 3 167 43 3 5 8
54 42 167 38 8 7 | 15
‘4 166 55 12 10 | 22
55 24 riya ane OR Re 1} 1
55 10} 171 02 3 8 £E
55 20] 170 1 10 81 91
54) 521) igor 5 9 64 73
54 48) 170 22 4 5 | 9
55 18] 170 30 8 68 76
HS TIS lO ede 7 57 64
55 22 170 09 16 73 89
55 (07 169) 153"). scone it 1
55 30 169 58 16 $2 | 98
55 22 170 08 11 55 | 66
55 22 170 06 12 | 68 80
55 (08 170 40 | 8 | 52 60
55 04 170 45 25 55 | 80
550514 170 40 ol 23 | 30
555 ea 169 48 3 4) q
55 24 169 54 31 | 121 | 152
55 24 170 25 8 | 13 | 21
55 24 170 20 4 16) 20
SL oS IS RUN GA RI OMI ARR Rl eT te Relies ead A ge 212 | 872 | 1,084

AMERICAN SCHOONER STELLA RAND (NORTE VESE COAST), H. K. NEWGARD,
ASTER.

—

_

~
Lon wNOWUIN Whe aAae

bet OO

oe

a 165

a Shot 2, speared 163.
Customs examination, 130 females and 35 males.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 85

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1595—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER STELLA ERLAND (BERING SEA), B B. WHITNEY, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. Pane: Males. | Femalés.| Total.
1895. ae ph aaye

21%), 1) SARA Sah: Ben pepe eee sen a «<A acr eee 5428) 166 19 29 43 72
1 PESTER ES EY 54 32) 166 34 | 1 6 7
BOO cpt ei) ss | eee aS A 54 29 = 166 29 1 9 3
Beene et Seem 54 17| 167 55 (4 eee 5
Se GaP ey 7... 21 oe 54 12| 168 33 if ey 1
- RI aio) RS Se ee 54-03 | 168 03 |_.-..--. i | 1
Pe Mee hs. 54 56 | 168 03 i| 3 | 4
|| JR SCs ae ee" a | 54 56| 168 05 13 | 44 5T
ne 2s; See 54 37 | 167 30 16 47 63
it Se atone ae 34 91! 167 11 20) 17 3T
pe ee. ee | 55 04| 166 54 5 | 57 | 62
“2 ST RG 1G eR Ds 5 a | 54 56] 167 27 12 | 19 31
Bee are ee 55 14| 167 32 5 | 18 | 2
1) a 5 55 10| 167 51 9 26 35
55 03] 168 14 g 12 20
55 2, | 467 26/12 25.2... 12° 12
54 26! 166 17 7 16 23
54 331 167 17 2 23 35
54 38 «(165 46 8 15 23
54 41 «(165 56 18 47 65
Sine?) Sa Fo Oats ob otatee 2s Bee eS See toate Sine 55 00 168 37 1 EAR nee 1
> SDS cea ana, 0 | 55 13| 172 60 3 4 T
Spee eer rer a, ae | 55 49; 172 23 6 28 | 34
1 SR es me meer! <i Soe | 55 50! 172 15 2 4) 6
i coi aa ie NR ST iene (65) Ob) BGee O2tie.2-. 2 3 | 3
MS en ce eye Vachs Gs) 10Np Ages 2 2
1 TS ie es 5 ie | 54 31| 165 32 20 ru ees #
TPT et bee 2 Wola eral a 203 473! 676

| | | i

AMERICAN SCHOONER PURITAN (NORTHWEST? COAST), IDIS WOODWARD, MASTER.

Date. Males. Females. Total

|

ne = eat aa

BetweenmMarch Sand March 25, 1895.7... 2-5 = ne enero oe 2 2) 4
Between March 25. and April 30, 1895-----5-225.-2--------<cccenssersosccsae 2 4 6
PRO EA) sersaciecn ln cles i= ascites oo oi. ocoe slafemeeeamemalsesie= ins 22S Ad= os ataeinceis 4 wie aio

}

aSpeared.

AMERICAN SCHOONER TEASER (NORTHWEST COAST), MAC OLESON, MASTER.

} i | |
Date. Latitude. hansk Males. | Females.| Total.
i | ude. | |
|
1895. eee We] | Seu
Dy 2: Se ee | eae | 48 oR | 195 42 | 6 | 8 | 14
U reone be CamOOn Saban Seine ee pee OnE Ss Joo0 tScGeOR er 47 45 125 18 | 1 Z| 3
Vecasocenntsen scencceaoconponubes=> 202702 ceseoEe 47 10 1 ESS lopteresine | 2 2
Doe <b a Leo Bae doo edn] Sa eeene ec ccondcnscance 47 56 126 18 3 2 | 3S
occendceeccnd ond estiecovaneesersees cdc cong sdEees 7 56 L2G Zola nae 1 | 1
Lit, Sol Ss ee ei ae 48 05 126 26 5 4 | 9
eee meee ale sie ie aaa =o aa os See eS am lass 47 44 125 12 6 8 | 14
Ea atte oiata bist cin inye esis cieininis oo === a ae ae elel==i-i$< 5 47 49! 126 26 4) 3 7
Pits See GORDI COR BE OCE SED CBOODE==500.5" GSCSEISe 47 43, 125 34 8 | 6 14
eat occ ata stars (oa we ainieseivie'= aie ia + == aie ae pe aizie erie © 47 43 | 125 24 8 10 | 18
' |
PReseale eM) es BS 2H oe ee Ie oe eee 1| 46 a 8T

a Shot 2, speared 85.
Customs examination, 64 females and 23 males.

86 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—

Continued.
AMERICAN SCHOONER AUGUST (NORTHWEST COAST), CHARLES WEIBERHARD,
MASTER.
Date. | Males. | Females.| Total.
|
7 J E es sae Mk a =| .a nS | Se
Between March Sand March 254 1895sees-eeaesceeie eee: seas aero ee eeeaeee : x 3 4 a6

a dees 5)

a Speared. ‘

AMERICAN SCHOONER MATILDA (NORTHWEST COAST), JAMES YOKUM, MASTER.

| ! .
Date. | Latitude., Tongk Males. | Females.| Total.
bea | inde:
1895. bh EN | cewe |
lists SS cae RN CHE Ah OE, De bg) “06 * PayRSgON ec Cees 4 4
Red ei ae Ne on Re can Gi) 4g 01 | 195 96 1 1
BCR Ooo ee eee eee ee Eee eae Wenagy (53) en ob 4 Oh eee eee | 1| 1
he | I 5, CR: GE Ate 1 CACC RD Cree 47 40; 1295 54 | 1 |: ee 1
tee CO oc peachy ae er Wem 47 42) 125 43 | Tee 1
Aor a SS ET TLR eR te? © Se * 48 00/ 127 00| 1 5 6
Gai Rs ee eee OT aaa 47 500. | 195° 26). ee 1 1
AY eth | eit ce inn: CREED. I) calles 28 AT 40) 127-43) 1 | 2 3
OY aiee hy SoM 5 IRR, SERS SIN 0 A Og ah 48 00 126 00 8 7 15
ig ANG a lene Aa 2a ENTS IM) aie ce PCBs Gobise PP) Nga 2 2
A AY TO) 8 ae ee ee at pa es | S RARABCR A SSE CB SCS 13 2 a35

a Shot 3, speared 32.
Customs examination, 30 females and 5 males.
AMERICAN SCHOONER C. C. PERKINS (NORTHWEST COAST), TOKASKO, OR LIGHT-
HOUSE JIM, MASTER.

Date. Males. | Females. | Total.

Between February 28 and March 25, 1895........2.2.2..2.eseeeeseeeeeeeeeee | 5 17 22
Marcht25ito Aipril 30) 9605! 52-2 =+ =2-<2 2a semeeets Sak docn sa yceweeeeteeee ores | 3 9 12
DMG GE acerca a eee Ses CS SRE Ses wes SERIE RIES Dae Onis sisis Dum OIE Ro eee eaies | 8

| 26 a34

a Speared.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ELSIE (NORTHWEST COAST), N. T. OLLIVER, MASTER.

|

Date. Latitude. re Ae. ~ | Males. | Females.| Total.

ude. |

1895. | oN. Wee |
TERING oe rsa See Pas menace ins) AYane ahafers Sraiaia ecm ccratiwtahe | 48 07 | 125 28 | 11 4 15
SSA NAR 2 i UNE a Sam OS eR RE | 47 50| 125 30| 26 | rT 37
WB aia le eroie Sie waeleelata: aietetet wiatelaie aid arses Aemiaiivisieleaie’s | 48 02 | 110) 8B} B is RSs 3
DOM: i inc SMM RE oc fd Wa Dy | 48 03| 124 50 | 1) cee 1
eb eset ctein’e aicle See cleraicnchc at hnis ointa aise ol eels.c be scans | aT ala 125 12") 2 2 4
7S, Ue A ee ANE a Gd te Og Pe SH a een es es 47 45) 125 00 | iat 5 16
3. 1) ens eR BSR TC a Eee Sora Sees hes Semmes ee 47 55 | 125 04 | 4 4) 8
B ices vices suka ae ees tenes ee nara eteeste cele’ acalaioteate 48 O01) 12505 3 1 4
LS Sn na a at | A et ZU 3533 125: 32) | 2 | 3 5
Pe SERRE Flaten Cr nie 4 tae pe ee AF, 280l) ¢ 194) BO) | ee 2 | 2
Qe a rac sis teianictors ole ere eG Yate tel otore Sorts oe Pats ausieteraees 47 56 24D alles see | 2 | 2
Oe Pe oaick oor s mroie cote os Clete ale Rio ie Sates wisemiates 472 1500 salon Zo |} 1 | 2
OT gee Se I ee See sl a eee 48 00 125 03 | i So-c 1
Apr. 47 50 125) 12 4 | 1] | 15
47 50; 125 12 3 | 5 8
48 02 125 00 4 6) 10
2H ER BE SES At Ee Sai EE SE UE SR Re ae 47 40 J25, G2 rel 26 | 27
7B SRE oc C RTE TCR GEEZ 47 56 2A: GZ) acre sissies } 6 | 6
De ale yalants aininicle ea Sete Re esinn oiclvieinie a ewwaleloraisio-< wicioislos 47 50 phy al} | 1 4 | 5
DO near te Lore Rae oma chia sie isweieltinie sclelseune 47 48 | Aye is) 2: iG) 13
DUP ae eee eae Stee a See Dose alee bialcla Ss Saree’ stave nie ioe 47 57! 125) 12 1 3 | 4
AL ES Acs cose ee hE Eo Seam nC RO UN ey SER ee a ae 48752001 25,745 3 | 18 | 21
TASeatal St cu nehe SA ere st ee URN We RY CPN ee ean ed oun 84 | 125 | @209

a Shot 204, speared 5.

i

~ Seer

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 87

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1896—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER BERING SEA (NORTHWEST COAST), L. LARSEN, MASTER.

ay
Date. Latitude. ont Males. lareii aie Total.
| |
——— — - ~~~ -~— ~~~ —-- + — — _ i —_—— —— — ‘- ——— — | —- —
W's
125 19 | 1 3 | 4
125 00 3} 5 8
Thee Geese 2 2
125 30 | 1 1 2
127 00 |} 8 19 27
Pod MALO ess tos cis | 2 2
126 30 | 4 | 5 9
| 126 40 7 | 11 18
126 30 12 21 33
126 15 | i eee ee | 1
126 30 | 21} 12 | 33
126 20 | 2 2 | 4
| 126 15 16 | 21 37
eberapatiack 76 | 104} 180
a Shot 8, speared 172.
Customs examination, 145 females and 35 males.
AMERICAN SCHOONER BERING SEA (BERING SEA), L. LARSEN, MASTER.
riche
18 41 | 59
2 18 | 20
Besnaee | 1
bersic sheers a! 7
Ml Sam ooopccs | 1
a ieee 1 | 1
1 3 | 4
10 | 31 | 41
32 | 105 | 187
AnsoseDe 2! 2
lyfe 53 | 70
7 | 16 | 23
6 | 4 10
4) uf 11
Sopddcs¢ 1 10 10
6 27 | 33
4 6 | 10
10 | 23 | 33
4 8 12
4 12 | 16
7 19 26
weccene 8 8
weeds es 2 2
9 23 | 32
6 19 25
Ee asaies 1 | 1
8 20 28
Sie sissies 1 1
1 15 | 16
| 5 | 10 | 15
3 | 5 | 8
| 165 | 498 | 663

AMERICAN SCHOONER DEEAHKS (NORTHWEST COAST), JOHN JAMES, MASTER.

| H
1895 aay Ns Wael

TAS, Ch SAC meee A nA |. id | 48 00 125 00 | 5 3 | 8
Ra Ses geal ei ering aaa ks Re Se SNR a ac | 47 56 125 12 | 4 8 | 12
(Roc Rc SSR MSE AE Ee ob Re f- 2 Saaeeae 47 38 125 05 3 5 | 8
a ec RE se Le 2 eC 2 1 ee 47 24 125 16 | 4 5 | 9
FS SS SEC SESE So aS aR ses 15 tae. alia a 47 19 125 08 3 6 | 9
PADD panes aa lalajae ois tarsal ns Sa \arcleie sec ceeeee ees ee eae (a) (a) 8 10 | 18
rehome are Sate ata oles ae state aves oe cial SED cata ule Seine | (a) (a) | Dileia\aeiecis siete | 2
(a) (@o | 10 | 6 | 16
TUT HIS 33 oe Se tn = i te Be ER WO ea Diane 39 43 | b82

a No position for these days.
Customs examination, 62 females and 20 males.

88

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

AMERICAN SCHOONER DEEAHKS (BERING SEA), BEN MARTINIUS, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. vou Males. | Females.| Total.
Aug. 1 6 5 11
4 | 4 8
2 3 5
3 12 15
coooecoc| 1 il
1. ote il
6 17 23
11 | 60 71
15 46 61
Dil 13 18
8 39 47
13 49 62
2 19 21
i 4 5
8 35 43
3 10 13
| 2 19 21
| 15 33 48
| 2 1 3
| 6 16 22
Sept. 10 15 25
1 8 9
8 20 28
6 8 14
Jeclree 3 3
2 9 11
Beye x 1 J
1 1 2
141 451 592

AMERICAN SCHOONER EMMETT FELITZ (NORTHWEST COAST), JAMES CLAPLANHOZ,

MASTER.
| | |
Males. Females. Total. 1 Date _ Males. | Females. | Total.
| | |
| | 1895 |
Siletaaceete 3 |PApTy22e ceo ooseueee ae. Wrsaenrate 1 1
Becesae 3 3 || Dorie AL aotemetate 1 1 2
1 5 6 | Pee Pee are 1 | 1| 2
ae is rd a, el leer 3 3 || STR ae oe ee Oe |e 3 saree ve 7
Sue SE ee | ope 3 | 3 || |—_— ——
3 | 16 19 || Total casesece: 9 | 40| @49

a Shot 16, speared 33.

AMERICAN SCHOONER IDLER (NORTHWEST COAST), L. A. LONSDALE, MASTER.

|

Date. Latitude.| Tough: | Males. | Females.| Total.

1895. NM ileum un
ATU OSY orec ioe Sard secre ae ee a eee Saas eeiclateee ne ctiaeee 47 25 125 00 1 1 2
eb iG =e cle Savalas seminaries Waeeiae ome cee aeons 48 05 125 40 | 4 4 8
Beta er ae ane aetece ire nieiom aise eeiaeece elon sre 47 50 HD ened Ole Bee steerer 1 1
OE ETN Ne adel sate eves aecal arstelene ays tere eet epeiieys te chore 47 50 Wea UV eaSshseaeac 1 1
Ome sass 122 Neha we a Seta ate we Seer es coe Ai HOOnIT Y 25 el Ol |e a csiefeteie 2 2
JN HS 9 Ea na Ps i arg ra ey ee AER icy 48 00 25 OOR sececiee 1 a
CASIO ciate assis nies nas iaacisiseiasncisersieGinicme aie eyeecieinns cae 48 20 D5 5 (BO) | secieweee 3 3
il iid Bag Ro nee eB BbOCSOE Uuee nto’ AS aNCE Ha AGHReEIA 48 00| 125 50 1 3 4
QB elssacsices esaie te csnens sa ncnecesieeecceeesoscess 48 00 20m OOB elaaraete 1 1
Daan sels niajcrajavetniaiaie Bie Glee oem laalaisine aretele Selaision 48 10 25 PROD erecteciee 9 9
Dlianisaicracaiciatse a icieia a arala ae o weiare aeeia sieisteeiaielsiniatine 2 48 20 25 OOM eraser 6 6
21) ABA ASCRIBE AR ODE GMC rE OSCE ESE Cope 48 20 125 30 |-------- 3 3
TOS) Ee, OTA A pnd 8 ae CONN RN ET DERM pune 35| aad

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. . 89

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER JESSIE (NORTHWEST COAST).

2 |
Date.

Latitude. Longi- Males. | Females.| Total.

| tude.
1895. N. | WwW.
/\yoi, 0) TE eee eeocpHodeceadccosbebcnsoguoonot conde. 48 09 125 04 2 22 a24

__ ae went) oS 1
a Shot 2, speared 22.

Customs examination, 24 females; 22 were pregnant when caught.

AMERICAN SCHOONER R. ECRETT (NORTHWEST COAST).

1895 N. Ww. | |

Tin fi pS eee eer oC | ae 47 50 125 20 | 5 | 1 | 6
Geo eee hoot cans Subs Sant cee eee -| 48 00 125 30 | 4 | 3 | 7
ES eee 85 Sg usa o ¥ aisle eee ees 48 00 125 30 | 5y| eee eee 5
47 30 125 20 | eae | 8

7 45 | 125 25 | 4 | 3 | 4

47 45 125 25 } 3 4 | 7

47 50 125 40 Ue esecateoe | Ti

48 20 125 20 7 | 3 11

48 14 125 30 4 | 2 0

47 30 125 30 2 | » 6

48 31 IA BY) Me ee 2 4

47 30 125 30 9 7 12

48 25 125 00 4 2 6

48 20 125 00 13 5 | 16.

PROD beta rarer ees eicisra cle alate eee ee ee | Sota ic eceile Sion wee ee 65 34 a 9%

|
|
|
|

a Shot 50, speared 49.

Customs examination, 90 females and 9 males.

AMERICAN SCHOONER GEO. W. PRESCOTT (BERING SEA), HENRY McALMOND, -
MASTER.

_

ANWARA RAAT
to
2°

to

— et

_

bo
ROS ho WOW RAIA
@

90 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—
Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ALLIE I. ALGAR (BERING SEA), H. B. JONES, MASTER.

Latitude. your | Males. | Females.| Total.
N Ww.

55 27 166 46 iL 7 8
55 42 167 07 il 8 4
55 36 167 11 4 52 56
sy als 167 13 L. | s.eeceeeree 1
55) 101 167 24 5 34 39
55 40 NOE 2B Wlhesersacs 2 2
hy Alyy 166 50 2 27 29
55) (02), 167 420 1 13 14
55 44 TCH As ney Wik PR Se 1 it
Dole | G68) (540 le. cierne 1 1
55 20 169 13 2 10 12
54 56 169 20 2 10 12
54 31 169. 32 ii 6 q
56 41 | TGA OG: lace aces | 7 7

SraletenSo shrek lol otersrerareare 20 173 193

AMERICAN SCHOONER WILLARD AINSWORTH (BERING SEA), E. E. CROCKETT,

MASTER.

N Ww. |
Se Seo o eae aie serps Be oe aE Oe 54 49 166 30 i eS 1
Babel Lae R Ren ooeeee 55 10 168 29 6 | 12 | 18
a Ent MER SPA RR SSE Ue ee SEE TS 7 ee 55 08 168) 14 esesceee 2 2
Ria ANeea nn ey eee a eae 55 16| 168 25 5 15 | 20
La AES CRO ee Cr Uns GS a ee 55 10 168 25 12 | 51 | 63
BIW 62 SR ath ORE NR es Alot cl be 55 00 167 20 4 | 19 23
pee eee Se Ly Sear ee 55 06 168 40 2 | 4 6
ey SAG RAE R ik a SR eg ON 37 OP A 7 oe 55 20 168 46 15 32 47
Be EC Moen aC tes ys eh 8 Lok Un a a eRe 55 21 168 32 q 36 43
AOS SP UREN > NEL RRO WRC R PE Wea eG ees 5 Vchee Rea 55 09 168 35 | 2 5 7
ise st SISA ISS le nee al Live. Za forts Cok obi 55° 18 169 10 18 38 56
gO esos RE UARE 8 SOE np ae eee OE yen 55 382 168 53 20 38 58
hE ee Seen EME a AER) SB 55 00 169 57 1 20 21
BPE ose) oo NTE 2 eS CaN 3 a ein a Cet ha 54 57 169 57 7 1] 18
8A nae PA a ep we ae Ae ey 3 ES eg ee 54 55 168 00 6 9 15
RE Sie cS Rae. SC EE Sie ee ea eal gees a 54 36 167 30 4 9 13
ERO) SRA eee aioe Se ernie ae 55 00 171 35 7 19 26
ea URE TRI EN SR Ab Pi SoA NE 54 39 TG Tels) |S escee 2 3
CO SONI Sp Ne NCS LCA eS 54 40 NEG NO0N | eee 1 | 1
SEPA THU Ne Sc Ls Pee Nl ae eA ec Ana DN (20) 117 323 440

AMERICAN SCHOONER M. M. MORRILL (BERING SEA), EDWARD CANTILLION,
MASTER.
eS " Jie eu swansea ——-
N W. |

54 27 166 50 10 5 15
54 51 169 44 5 15 20
55 05 170 20 4 7 11
55 16 170) 230) see es 1 1
55 10 170 12 4] 30 34
55 12 170 25 | 7 | 37 44
55 12 170 18 | 4 | 14 18
55 12 169 47 | 6 10 16
54 58 169 25 | tl 24 31
55 20 169 28 5 16 21
55 10 169 46 13 46 59
55 13 Iie Yial Beene 7 7
55 07 169 24 4 13 17
55 17 TE) Op iesadeeoe Tl 1
54 53 169 45 1 2 3
55 00 170 00 11 24 35
55 10 170 09 1 6 7
PLO) 0 lip 8 beg Ree Sta eR yh TY Tt II W54n50 167 15 10 6 16
DEE itt ea Rah Od Sane. te Lee MM SS Je | 54 40 167 20 1 1 2
Tee Menem Sis sete TN ate Shay tyr dee heen 55 18 167 12 2 | 9 il
Bee eos PAS RS IR AR ieee hie LL See Rare 54 00 167 00 2 11 13
Qe eee co see aca oe mio cs eee mae oul toes omen mat eeitoes 54 33 166 50 | 1 4 5
Tere GN SiO SS bar ativan LONE NS is ond AAT 54 27 166 50 4 2 6
Total | | | 102 291 398

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

91

Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—

Continued.
AMERICAN SCHOONER KATE AND ANNA (NORTHWEST COAST), CHARLES LUTZENS,
MASTER.
Date. Latitude. Longitude. leNetton: Females. Total.
1895. |
Gfein, US jncecboecdoe stebage sated: ssa6es codec a] sen SeSSsSsec scopes oboseh acess lsbesAene Met 1
25 | 18 miles SW | 6 | 6
26 | 38 00N | 2.| 2
28 | 37 09 N 3 | 3
29 | 37 04 N 4 | 4
Sie pLOUMILES SW oso ctesece Be Bans Sh UDA sa peesao0s-oadpese | sadcosee 4 | 4
leh eee LO nMaOS Wises =< clans loo eames RONG YRCY EB). mj eajcce lela! sini> jrteseeee 5 | 5
Bille tepals SS a a ee See os Soe 123 )O3 Wiens sisieeises mee siafere | eeass 5 | 5
Pe POON LO ON ale staisie!aic wla/aic visicie le elsinieiniaeternions OB ZOW ese winisisinicis/s o =lsieiusi='e|| onicreje stare 13 | 13
BeOS LAUN sonia orale we!) a nisinioa asinine VOB) WB IW, seosinem ccc gemsaise | PM loasosoceds | 2
MU Reese ations alain lei. s'3.5's1s ie eel cte Meee cists isles ainsi > aches siaciapeersectel 1 15 | 16
I | SEU OR Be Rapes eR ee BERR senOOaacoS oe 3 3
OHSS OO! Marcie ciswiee < alc save la auisiecins metals 10 13
19 | 15 miles SW 5 | 5
20 | 22 miles SW... 8 | 8
21 | 20 miles 8) 8
ZIM OS ALUN. i cicic cies siasisecnsceh eee eae 1 1
MM SSy 20 Nissen ass <ssiccsjee aaeeeels 2 | 2
DATUM eae oc oe ech n msn s <ascesesnoee meses 5 | 5
aa P2O Mines NIE. DY) iEic's soso eee ROUND ROYCSIc <= shieeisela | settee 8 | 8
Sap20amilesi NE. by Es-2-2s2ecee eee Ieee: oe See Se ed aes Leto al 2 2
2) |) Pavoach yy) OS) OER Raenpoera cece soollscode dO Steere ce eee te aeene fee ie sits | 7 7
3) |) Ava OA aeenememeoacscoscsccl senor On esee cio sces seo e eee 1 19 20
Gp IS milesyOSE: - 322.1 - secs cstm sees arses QO ssa ss aseeseceoneciot slosielas see 2 2
fi 16 miles ih: by S ..2. <2 2s2-seeseeeee 1aeaee (Wises sbeesste nsasabeaat 4 | 14 18
MDa ot B4EN cnc cee ese cin na aso aeeeeeeee Bt O0 Wits =< cease see ralceiee cae 2 2
| Lea IS Se MRE NEST "5 ” |) °C Oar aga Ci 8 | 20 28
22 | 38 00 N 23 A0WWieee cise emesces ee ean 3 3
23 | 38 08 N ASEZDIW) soos eeenceesos ssi | 2 2
24 | 30 miles ENE . Point Reyes 11 12
25 | 38 16N TOBA Witeacsaaieccsciics cee 6 | 6
30 | 42 00 N 124 25 Witeeics ic cinsieis cee eons 8 8
Apr. 6| 44 04 N AIASSOMWA LL ee eel ee 9 10
7 | 44 01N TOA 25 Sa ee eee | Ue | 7 | 7
18 | 4712 N TDS LOSHWiecs wecucee set eees 5 | 14 | 19
19 | 47 20 N AZHVOS Wiesiecace socciseeseee. | 5 24 | 29
20 | 47 27 N ADSM UWE ot sla atencleecesc 1 | 29 30
21 | 47 21N 125000 (Wri ew.- Sk sce soe see] 4 | 10 14
25 | 47 25 N TIOSOSMWE Coss beeen eecossce |e cect sels | 1 1
26 | 47 27 N ODODE ee stk ee kere ae 4 11 15
27 | 47 45 N PLONE Lo see ele 3 5 | 5
28 | 47 24 N TAR SOMW ese coe eet es Meee see 3 | 3
29 | 18 miles NE. by E Cape Disappointment. ..---- | 3 | 30 33
MO Ga esis.s. ot = secretes cisrleereee Pee witea's aisle acento atoteae ate 43 347 | @390
a Shot.

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Amers-
can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895.

{Data collected by C. H. Townsend and A. B. Alexander.]

CANADIAN SCHOONER VICTORIA (NORTHWEST COAST AND BERING SEA).

Date. Latitude. pees Males. Lareieearaet | Total.
e. | |

N W.
48 10) 125 30) 4 | 4) 8
48 00 125 40 | 4 6 10
48 20 TZ DON 6 8 | 14
47 50 125 10 } 3 | 10 | 13
47 45 125 20 | 2 | 6 8
48 00 126 30 | Py 8 10
48 30 126 BE lgsecsese 5a 5
49 00 ny (ee Sl eA 8 8
58 10 139 00 6 3 9
Ss ee te Clee tee eeralaieierns 40 1 5
58 25 139 40 | Cy Sena 4
58 30 140 08 5} 3 8
58 30 140 08 21 | 10 31
58 44 140 00 it) 3 | 4

92 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER VICTORIA (NORTHWEST COAST AND BERING SEA)—Cont’d.

ory

Date. Latitude. vongh | Males. | Females.| Total.

1895. N. Ww.
PADI od Bete ee acne necks us we ateeecos Sen 58 13 | 141 40 6 1 T
DEE Mins. AUERE soy cht cosas adetodtaes cr ee 58 13| 141 40 | 4 2 6
BI Mas 2s Me 5 5 ote ahe Se 58 17| 142 36] Dek eae 2
OB ME . Ualains csc annek ies bspeRen es woeeee 58. 80)|° 142) «44s )-220225| eee 1
DS Fs Soe cia samen aes 2a a 58 30| 142 44 | 4 |. 5 ee 4
RE eo IRE oo 5 can eee Leek Bee eee 58 45/ 143 50| 17 12 | 29
BOP Reuss. 2 gustissec eouuiedneui eee ee (aes ge on meee Sa Tio) Ae | ie 1
MB NL eM a oo dae daa sp tet aloes vote ee 54-99 |) 167 112} 25 30 | 55
A Saat epee eee eee ae Oe MNS i 54 201 1eR 02 he 8 | 19
BN os imei 2.) usecase Aiea 54 45 | 166 45 | 3 | 2 | 5
aecs deltas < Ace ese a ene Bees 54 45 | 166 48 13 | 15 | 28
et 3 Serene Se eget ee Eee eee ne 54.57 | 167 15 7 | 9. 16
a Sep eae n es geuemeeein Cone neces Series 0. 72 | 54 48| 167 48 5 | 8 13
QocecbAcgssseconcesousessocopsceasssodsancsEese: 55 04 168 15 9 | a | 14
BS eos Tie ca dete ae ea seater tratromteee Oe en Ne 55 05} 168 16 81 56| 187
shh Ge eee ney epeeetees ee renee SoA eee ee 55 04| 168 15| 94 172 266.
TEER es NRE cree i I LN 55 00 | 168 28| 33 ig), wo
Pave coca ant heats | uethene nach aL eee nen aes 55 15| 168 20] 21] 15 36
1G oe as aga eee ma Soe ECR ee eres ee 58 13| 168 17 | 28 | 22 50
jy (oak ae eee ee Ree eM eRe on seca | 55 30] 168 25 34 48 82
QUE aah ae eR oe ae ee 55 22 | 168 15 5 3 8
7G a ay 5 pee eee ee oe a aN ye 55-20 |! s 167" 1479 |: sen aae 15 15
CANADIAN SCHOONER TRIUMPH (NORTHWEST COAST AND BERING SEA), COX,

MASTER.

|

1895 N. Wiel |
SYN Cae ge Re I Ls SOR a | 48 10} 125 30 1 | 5 6
BE ec Nene oi. Waa oaks oe PREE ROE Ii) 48) 0 |) 195) “an 3 6 9
Oh Soe eh Ma er eeu Us Sa Ee 5) 48 17| 125 18 2 10 12
1 cara TMS ee a? a I eRe et Ae ae 48 00| 125 20 4 17 21
SiS Gentes As eg en cee AOE ti ot See a 48 00| 125 20 2 | 9 11
as UN ac a operates See eae 48 04| 125 36| 4 | 10 14
Dee of cu ee ek at cnet a ase ee oReaeta 50 13 | 129 47 11 13 24
Sel a | ka ase name fa ee Oe 56 07; 137 07 | 6 2 8
EME Py eae ae aa ae REP 57 40 | 138 03 3/2 eee 3
PRR ode amas serenely do ousbenee oO kep ai: | 57 32| 138 24 4 | 2 6.
ee CRN Ser ONE TAMRAC ee GAIN GA AE Ar ARE Yd \ Mani tor Os 2 | at 3
71 sa ae aOR RRR Es 5 a eae | 57 81 |\.. 138 -32 6 3 9
5 EE ani ea healed BER RRR SO ae aE Ne 57 31 |" as7 sr | 88h) 30 118
7S 7 Re as + Bee eats Renee he NER 57 30] 137 56 re ene 4
CEE: is Se Se Pa et Le OA 57 24} 139 28 | 4 10 14
Si) ee oe LF Rae eB See Ye 57 28| 138 09 9 7 16
1D Seen ee eens eta Sagucecbone so Leaman sue 57 58 | 139 08 | 1h | 10 21
1G ees Se ce ha Gee oo eta ke ct 59 10 | 142 45) 3 3 6
TOE RE RSE AG Gs COE eas eee a 59 07 | 142 19 20 9 29
oa CaS So ARS Deeg aS OMS 58 11| 140 05 | 9: |. ee 9
CA ie nets ade PAE at a ae a 52 27| 133 25 | 6 | 2 8
Barn iat, FAN RY, oA Lusoee secu citode sank. | 55 08| 167 56/ 70] 59 129
Dan etl eGR MEA Sak AA oes zat SS 55 08| 167 56; 20 18 38
Baek ene,” A AAO 9 el ents aR 55 06 | 167 46 3 4 7
MES Bisset ore GIS RA MEIN! a Sey 55 02; 167 50 24 54 78
Cs SS Er T ok) Caney ST ne OR 55 05 | 167 15 15 | 13 28
De sxc sh tea Mae anes, Up satiate 55 02| 167 33} 7 5 12
LOE eer ne sae ete aE ciao Dito icra uae 55 00| 167 18; 24 30 54
Es Sa artaeeee ce nae eee Slee na ee 54 58 | 167 18 46 80 126
TOCSY sae Scie 75 TOP a en eae ee 55 00| 167 21 7 8 15
TENG safe cepts ha AD ee SMR $2 orks 54 54 | 168 15 1 1
DA eA aa Le chen MOREE SM ane ROE cia tiles 55 04 | 168 20 13 9 22
rs ey ea eR SL UTES 5 A 55 04 | 168 40 60 74 134
Tt (aes a Rea com eee Se ray) | ee a 55 20} 169 09 99 107 216
Te AUN eal Seem eas eA IMR ee Me a | 55 20| 169 09| 5 | 4 9
TOS es OO RN Sees 55 32] 168 13 39 | 44 83
DOS Oona, Ai Oe Cee. aaa 55 24| 167 49 24 | 59 83

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 93

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Amert-
can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER FAVORITE (NORTHWEST COAST), L. MCLEAN, MASTER.

| | oO} |
Date. | Latitude., ree Males. Females.) Total.
1895. WORSEN: cee Pom CNN ert |
NG, 0; eee Ae eee ie ces co | ee 1 748: (00n | 1288 23H WN he oe are 4
113} ee TC Pee oe eee Veedo! 1068 2789) 7 2 9
FR he eee okie oc ac ogee ee ene a tas 48 42 1200 OT Th eee ene 3
15. AOR Ee NG arcs <> 7 amae 48 45| 127 23 3 3 6
11) eR SP ee IS SC Ae 3 a 50 03) 129° 50 15 5 20
22, Oa RRR I GI DE VAS YS EE TAY 56 49 | 138 05 4 2 6
5, SP eee Bormann ya ne os 5 ee 57 30| 138 30 DYE meet 2
20. Nr Site SRE aS a | ea M57) od Bieuseh 45 ZH Reh ig aie ee 3
O13. Rae iia ieatemes ie thee ae) ty he ae 57 58 139 26 5 1 6
Spor), 2 EE ER i ee Ss) Shee 57 45 188 50 20 12 | 32
Pp 2 Sea Snee IC AL oy tice ee Reale ae. 2)5 58 12| 140 56 db | ce tedee | 4
(2). Can ee: eng e ne CREA E is Si 58 15 141 00 Faye est) ee aie 8
10, a GEE ee ee AEN oi ee 58 30 139 40 | Tee eee 7
iF, eRe OR Rar era aN irene 2 A ae BT 48 | 140 50 | 10 2 12
11, 2 REST Sa EN ete Pes fe” ae 57 46 | 141 30 | Bylo Mee 5
TLE, 3 Sen? RSet Ca TROVE Sean 18 2 58 00!) 141 38 Brida 8
10. sso Ge eee eas ners ct Fe 58 15 141 40 | OI aes 4
nme SS ae 58 12| 139 41 | Miliegsd wed Ce 4
Bik, lac eat el aie BORER RE Api Xs. pel ae | 57 46 138 45 1 | 1 2
De, nett el oe eat |<! e inagD 57 46 | 138 00 Biles sseeeeeeel 5
BR Ghali eee nso cs wo ee a a Ny OE Lee pene el ea seme 122 28 150
| |
CANADIAN SCHOONER SAPPHIRE (NORTHWEST COAST), COX, MASTER.
1895. me ty eer:
JOH, BB. SRR See ets Ce eee mn eae | 48 30] 125 20 2 4 6
Hite. 1, GAA AGS a Si ea re eee hE ae Wes Sec O0 | aloo esa 7 5 12
Be i SS civ a cD) 1 a | 47 32 125 56 5 4 9
5 Uses UT a ale LS, | ae 48 16 126 04 11 | a 18
WP. Shee E Ge A SiMe ae eens Foc OL ie lees OMe STe in plsie 57 7 | 6 13
21) Seen Oe eee ee me Tat 1k ee 55 Ol 135 19 4 4 8
DY Scodeisat tse e Pe ne! 50s Oa ae 57 22 139 30 5 3 8
pameueatreree wen 120 070 ee eee tee 57 381 188 49 DI edness 1
Dn sopsee sae ok e ee ea. O52 8 57 48 138 26 iG SN a 13
Deere. RE a2 7 57 28 139 38 Pyne TUPRE Ee 2
DP ape adsad 3 oak ie eee SS 78 Gee Oe 57 15| 139 30 Py rae ee ae 2
Fils selene Uae en Oa | 58 30) 139 54 Fine caer 2
ANC. Biggaesoes to cee rae eee ae es Ao ance | 58 30 141 15 PANY aa pees 25
De SB SoS Ob eta ee ao nS 245 ja ee 58 38 141) pe ee 14
10) hecae aac geen eS os a eT ee | 58 45 141 30) 17 oe See 17
TUN ORR See 8 se ae EE 58 27) 141 46 Ul aaeee 5
TDS Sea 2) ike Ga A | 58 58 140 50. 13 eee ope 13
1G, a bdbee aloe Ee nee Sree 59 10, 143 18 | CN ES Gk 4
IES ABRs Seddon eo See Tae | 59 O4 143 06 | Gi] RENE eeee 3
Toe ep pete ee i Oe LS | 58 24 140 30 die [cy sees 4
TO), S08 Rn eb aEe age 5 a ER a iC 2 are ea 58 37 139 36 | Fy Re ce 5
2) abscisic, le & MRR ROE, CCA 5B) Eta tee) 07 || BINS at Mecsas 3
SUR gs sees ictus oa ed eee | 5 oe | SS SSE | tere eee oe 154 33 187

CANADIAN SCHOONER DORA SIEWERD (NORTHWEST COAST), H. F. SIEWERD,

MASTER.
1895. Nig [ORR |
TET bs Taso to SL See ene ee a aT 47 | 195 25 16 | 7 | 23
(RSet gat se Ge ce I 2) So 47 25; 125 10 29 13 42
OMNI ee MRMMRRE TEs)! y Can ra 48 01 125 00 4 | 3 7
Cis Se UPB Wooo 7 eae So ROL Sci 47 56! 125 06 6 | 5 M1
Dil ESA LAY yd J CS 6 <2 | 47 58) 125 28 | 6 | 3 | 9
Bs Le eae del Hoticcoe te aan A. A | 47 13 | 124 24) 19 13 2
Sigh, TS soca eee oe SIO IIS en = ee mente tay fy A118 a as) 2 | 6 8
a ieienRN CHUA RUUNa EE | 1.10.0. 2 span ES. 1) 45 55 | 124 42 14 | 24 38
Ces sh ae ae oo ST RE 5 He a 47 12| 124 45 8 | 4 12
Tessa choaab oo sbe’ GER Een A nReR Siac =4aemeraaene 47 19} 125 08 21 | 15 36
(3 Nop TULL A TS TSS eee, 1 47 28 124 27 1 3 4
Oe ace te SEER NARRATE CT © "SN a 46 55 | 124 50 3 5 8
oy eo 0B ong? 2s IN aig AR 4 SA 46 44 124 56 19 | 16 35
OMEN TET ec hy eileen 46 37| 124 51 | 17 | 29) 46
TLR ee a it ety Tea eu gg LUO 47 10; 125 00 2 | 4 6
TL, sco SSN oo te ge i Ne ADE aL PT em 46 96! 124 51 3 5 8
SIR cc gh te Oe aN AYE RE I Sa IR Te EEL LCT CaN 50 07 129 00 29 34 63

94 SEAL LIFE ON THE

PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels in North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER DORA SIEWERD (NORTHWEST COAST), H. F. SIEWERD,
MASTER—Continued.
: |
Date. | Latitude. Tongt: Males. | Females.) Total.
N. Ww.
Ae Bere ietors < Sisicie minis ere ore HS RIS See wnt eleven ee eis Geeiae 55 27 135 00 2 2 4
By COE OOS UCC ROS OC aRnD rac eaarrostass 55 27 135 00 at 1 2
BNC Peiavata i wis hatas Ses Sa ae Se iatoe Saetne aes isleeertete 58 46 140 00 13 4 LT
Ba ae CIEE CO SCORES: BORO Reino anomeric con 5&8 35 140 45 10) |seeececee 10
Oe SP ai cha atole B eieletete esate a stele a totic emilee te a arate biele/dlalersee 58 46 139 43 11 4 15
SNS S iosaiereis einccteo eis \ers's sim eiais Sis aie cia wees aloeisie see eiatete 58 31 142 15 Gil eecsemer 6
Be RESO CAC Eat oneeracileronaccocdaad 58 00 142 00 9 5 14
NN sis dio w oaptetalavalarc = late telaietolote tals aye miernia eiararatn alates 58 14 141 12 Sil peceseeeee 3
Be ee oa ieee mae ss ccm clsicveslesieccceeciemclde 58 42 140 20 14 4 18
wiaiotroateeicie 58 43 140 39 4 1 5
Crore ye roic ia loibua rar emieverareie\ are: ete erica Siminie lols aibie tere sion 58 23 140 30 3 2 5
Saco aAectalelew wie Beieinc as Sis sis Se Deas me deena waineeese 56 05 135 39 12 4 16
SaStajk Seem sale OS ee OAT vie 6 SIN eieeis Sslerernal] Boletos ans wal Seeeieterie erate 287 216 503

CANADIAN SCHOONER WALTER L. RICH (NORTHWEST COAST), BALCOM, MASTER.

AMERICAN SCHOONER IDA ETTA (COASTS OF JAPAN AND RUSSIA), HUGHES,

MASTER.
Lati- | Longi-
Date. cadeen| del Seals. Date
1895. N. E 1895.
Mary 25 oe c since 36 15 142 25 2 || May 12....
BURR a acacccoogod lscacododadlsaseancace tt
Jigs Meee cebesoQnaos 36 32 144 47 11 MiP asa
CORE aie SNA ae) EO SR 1 | 20s
Beemaacisaceae 15 miles off shore. | 2) BB tisteis
Moreh rata pctalete ya|| oie alec josabeaaaee 2 Aa
Bisccccscmesecslemeas-eeoee [Heerrect ct 6 DDiccice
RN eSB oa cpeEoe |qUSeEEe ted EocEenamcr 14 Qieeee
Mises iaisiceets 39 41 OY ah eeeaeeee 30sec
DD etcmursiieleinieteie\s 39 48 143 56 21 || June 2....
5 eeee
24 Geeee
2 6355
16 tlaoric
34 || Aug. 20...-
37
Sereteoero ie trates 4145) 144 00 1 || PALA ee
Bei lee rotcals(Nsistets Off Cape Yerimo, 3 |
NW. 15 miles. 24....
Oisclocore sisiaes Sis Off Cape Yerimo, Li) 2655. -
NNE. 10 miles. Clerc
Goes ciets Off Cape Yerimo, 32 |
| _N. 20 miles. | S122
i iementeremrctshatalsiate | Off Cape Yerimo, 24 | Sept. 1...-
WNW. 15 miles.
en Off Cape Yerimo, 25 || es
WNW. 8 miles. | \
Wboteconpesacee Off Cape Yerimo, | 16 | Buses
EK. by N. 20 miles.
Boe sponoeose Off Cape Yerimo, 20 tae
| E. 25 miles.

W.
128 35 5 2 T
138 36 12 12 24
138 40 6 2 8
140 00 10 9 19
140 00 6 | 6 12
140 00 8 | 11 19
140 07 12 10 22
140 50 20 | a 27
135 20 4 3 uf
Le tareelnreiners 83 62 145
Lati- Longi-
tude. tude. Seals.
N, E.
welaeataete Off Cape Yerimo, 16
ENE. 20 miles.
SOSOCHOTA 40 03 146 02 32
re 39 57 146 25 35
Bapatcace 40 20 145 44 15
Apoabeede 40 12 146 30 33
arleateetelate 39 57 145 55 29
boasspaad 40 03 146 19 5
Saueenaac 39 50 145 55 4
SOO onS0% 39 55 145 46 21
AACS onS 39 15 146 00 1
Bao Eeanet 39 30 146 10 ll
Soe ondade 39 38 146 29 31
CoE eeeee 39 36 146 26 9
ais dioeaiaiele Cape Nagikinski, 37
SW. 30 miles.
Bee seaae Cape Nagikinski, 35
SW. 20 miles.
sisteetstele oll scree (ik yaeas ew Re 28
Anlosindeesllooabe One es eee 28
ueyehsase Cape Nagikinski, 10
W. 30 miles.
SSacososallsnboc Ose eeera=eceadl 3
Soonenode Cape Nagikinski, 25
WSW. 25 miles. |
Stoo esaée Cape Nagikinski, 6
SW. 20 miles.
SSasnasSe Cape Nagikinski, 4
SW. 30 miles.
ideacokoe Cape Nagikinski, 4

SW. 25 miles.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

95

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER ALLIE J. ALGAR (JAPAN COAST), JONES, MASTER.

Date.

Latitude.

yongh: Males. REREIES Total.
i
E.
141 39 6 5 | ll
141 00 Tes Fhe esse. 1
142 13| 50 i7| 7
141 59 12 4 16
142 18 10 5 | 15
143 35 8 3 | il
143 2 1 3 | 4
142 14 Qi oor ae 2
141 41 20 8) 23
142 18 5 7 12
143 35 12 8 20
142 48 14 4 18
142 25 5 1 6
nL | Sa saeeee 1 1
146 32 il Bebraes ene fl
145 50 18 7 25
145 50 12 7 19
147 (07 5 2 7
146 15 1 4 5
146 35 49 19 68
146 23 32 22 54
146 07 31 22 53
145 45 29 15 44
144 30 4 2 6
143 55 3 1 4
142 56 39 13 52
142 28 51 ul 62
142 00 2 4 6
141 40 2) | ae ee 2
142 40 6 3 9
142 48 pig ere 1
142 52 5 4 | 9
142 49 37 15 | 52
142 40 15 ul 26
142 50 19 11 20
146 39 9 3 12
146 40 39 9 48
146 36 37 7 44
146 21 3 1 4
146 40 5 1 6
146 59 3 1 4
147 00 | tae es 1
147 11 9 5 14
147° 14 23 3 26
147 20 6 3 9
147 40 19 17 36
TAspragiiee. mee 2 2
149 00 4 1 5
148 55 4 3 7
148 40 9 4 13
147 45 20 3 23
157 13 aD 4 Soeneees 1
156 25 jn PENA woe 1
Ne a ne 701 302 | 1,003

96

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF

ISLANDS.

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued.

CANADIAN SCHOONER BOREALIS (NORTHWEST COAST),

XOBBINS, MASTER.

Latitude.

Total.

Date. dane Males. | Females.
1895 N. Ww. | ;
MAT Mme eae ae Aes cc sbine Sean se nee eee eee (48) TO) ee25, 30) 4 | 4 8
Be Agee OUI ae MEE arora tute 48 00] 125 40 | 4 6 10
QUIN ons oe ROM ci oe Se eiar ee. 2 Be Nc ee 48 20} 125 40 6) 8 14
Buta s aeieteins Mab atom Rant a alc eRe Rees Semana 47 50 | 125 10 | 3 10 13
Oo ooe s scascgttie <=... rapes aah wena eeemeeeteeeony. ¢-AT 4D |. (125, , 201 2 6 8
ees ec ok ERE fiche ee ee eee | 48 00} 126 30! 2 8 10
Bec ran sameness. eae Agate sat eee ena een Ee a IRS Bi) Ae Sac 5 5
TGS RAM Rae Seen a an ARE ci teen ds ae C(O || Ta) Eee. 8 8
LAF 1 see BO Seperate SMa = Gee tease oe 58 10| 139 00| 6 3 9
10) 5 aOR G Rb a SoneeS ee Hae eons cod ae sMadabcoalletaemeee eel Moen be are 4 1 5
DL Sane eIO LS ee ee en eRe S| es teas Uae ee 58 25| 189 40 4.0 4
LI sd Sear Oa 2 aL ae Oe) a Ns aed ae 58 80} 140 08 | 5 3 8
Tee eects Samet cra! Ft OSE ia | SR hes 2 che ene ae | 21 10 31
Te) 5 a MeN ae Mater eemee ter ae Pa een See een 58 44 | 140 00 1 3 4
OE aoc mR Se cee eRe Coit ee ences Soca eeoanie 58 13] 141 40 6 1 7
LS wee eee Ost Sameer oer Ce Reet oi a 5 eee al eeteraseee 4 2 6
DB Waele tent Gene es < os gue etat se ae ees See 58 17} 142 36 2'| eee 2
PAR AROS AE ni SEES Seay SREP rt, 8 SRP pUN oe ee 5S. .30)|), 142) 44) || tess | eee 1
PULSE Neo HE A CEE Sea | eae aE neers wees a 4 ee 4
ye tae ah Seeteee ee ge fy kere Do ae aie oie 58 45| 143 50 17 12 29
Ela eee een ene Uk Comer. Ae aan See [eter aes |e ener aA ewe aa - 1
Metal? (se bees h Bric were meee heer ee RR PS RET 7 96 91 | 187
_ — — —_— — + — if 2 — <a —_— —
CANADIAN SCHOONER BOREALIS (BERING SEA), ROBBINS, MASTER.
{Record to August 9 only.]
ee eubeba ced = aa 2
1895 lh Noell We |
HUAN a8 5 URC ae OOS SAREE OTe a AACS SHE Onto Saar no G20 NEY ehyesepeoons 4 |
Teen cdsn dees. ope eee ws eee eo | SO 4S6ib (aS edb) bse toese 1|
Vi fae ERR is 2 RA A |" 560 85, 2478/9334). oe 2d 2 |
| | |
CANADIAN SCHOONER VERA (BERING SEA), SHIELDS, MASTER.
[Record to August 12 only.]
1895 CINE mele:
JUG eae sob SROcesOoRaabas aE Oa ne aclaaeuemepaansts | 54 18; 167 25 1 eyecare 1
OFA aE Te a a ec EE I 54 51| 169 15 8 24 | 32
BEER ec sacle he peeeee eae seem ae ocmeeeeee | 54 49| 169 10 3 5 8
Eta Sarena, MAAN np Mua eS 2 54 45 | 169 10) 5 | 16 21
{EEG eCeR Ora Het SPOR ASHE SS SEOHE aMote eee HE Ear | 547/53 |) 168) 25 | Pig aes ue: 2
CLE BPE es 5G Soe Rae reek ms a a an Al SN a | 54 47| 168 18 | 7 6 13
SY SOS Ae Sean ee Sess aCe oer ae i tae 54 54} 168 23 14 47 61
THe ama, 10 a AA CR A. Ror | 54 49| 168 25 | 7 | 13 20
TE Se ota ae Stee a I eee ee ohh By Rip) SIGS Gilleoaecas- 4 | 4
| |
CANADIAN SCHOONER ENTERPRISE (BERING SEA), DALEY, MASTER
[Record to August 11 only.]
nis r aera hae ane ]
1895. | N Ww. |
INSTORE oS i a oy TA | -54 34) 166 55 13 | 22 35
DE Se aE eer? oa ae Mae |) 2 ear 54 40 166 30 16 14 | 30
Bah 2, Le aOR ic Sa ae Maca ig: Set AM | 55 O07] 166 35 5 | 4 9
CN. sin oh CORSETS autem N sa ts LE alale Se Fm Soe | 55 00| 167 04 9 10 19
(ie Aen ieee el eae eA al pe CR | 54 50| 168 50 15 19 34
2K Uo a nee, 0 ee i Na ero2e50 168 30 7 30 107
1 Seer ere ses pees A ak hI RIEL) 54 50, 168 30 54 | 65 119

1 rant ¥en
Br ihd
TRIRILOF gr

a
Note
POSITION OF SEALS INDICATED THUS
FOR JANUARY .

U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries

MAP

OF

BERING SEA

AND THE

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
Showing the location at ditterent seasons
of apart of the catch of tir seats fram 1883 ta 1893.
Based on the lag entries of tive vessels engaged ww
pelagte sealing.
Prepared by C.1H.Townsend
Assistant, U.S.FC.

Base Map prepared by the U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey

OF

OKHOTSK

curr oF

AWADIE

jw

Jor 108
vA

pow ey
ra) iff

U.S. Commission of Fish and lisheries

MAP

BERING SEA

AND THE

120°

= = = Lae | AI NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN E SS
ore
POSITION OF SEALS IMDKATED THUS Showing the location at ditierent Seasons “se
SH ee | of the cateh of tur seals 11894, Based owthe |

We ie log entries of vessels engaged in pelagic sealing |
JUNE ° wv. |
wuLy . ,
AUGUST» en ° Prepared by C.M.Townsend |

=. + 4 — DECEMBER «| — = | Assistant USF C. — a fl — = r

+ Mien ta
== SS SSS SSS Babs ——eEeEEe SS ee —
160 170° 170° ws we wa 16% 160° 150° uo 1

Base Map prepared by the U, §. Const & Geodetic Survey

8 Doc 7-37.64 1

|
|
;
:

5 NO ee

aie

qo, sept

UF oils wel Daten

yore oitahose) fh Yeno

OF

OKHOTSK

ouLF oF

ANADIE

vanes
PuiBicor 1D
TA oee

abe

Bose Map prepared by the US Coast & Geodetic Survey.

Vote

POSITION OF SEALS INDICATED THUS

FOR JANUARY .

AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
DECEMBER

°

.
.
.
°
.
°

|

+ Midsry tae

U.S Commission of Fish and Fisheries

MAP
or

BERING SEA
AND THE
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
Showing the location at diltirent Seas ares

of the catoh of fur seals in 1695. Based onthe

Prepared by C.H.Townsend
Assistant, USEC.

log entries of vessels engaged in pelagic sealing. |

§ Doc 4:37. 541

Pe RR te Ae EERE I IF

eo ral ;
Neal ne ce

at

~ pe = Ps - eS
; A? . ey . we
= rey A : :
Festa a ; j hn = ; a
it re Fi 4 4
ys Teas
“ S ee
&

$
E
i.

He!

; Oat suey

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 97

Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri-
can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued.

AMERICAN SCHOONER RATTLER (BERING SEA), NEILSEN, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. put Males. | Females.| Total.
1895. N. Ww.
Aug. 1.......------- oe eee ene e eee ne eee eee ee 54 57 167 45 10 21 31
Deca iene Oe ects sieeve talsisiesrateislesiuis sjaieatate 54 52 167 32 3 7 10
Ae eee eeettenlelainin(cinlarsic aieioile/s'siminiatalawe =[eejo/ala(a 55 09 169 37 3 7 10

FUR SEALS OBSERVED BY THE AMERICAN WHALER OLGA (NORTH PACIFIC
OCEAN), KNOWLES, MASTER.

Date. Latitude. | Longitude.
1895 N. Ww.
PADI Gree tee cai e me sei a aiels olelniole olmin sie a elma ole satin i=] =isiniminia\~in =lvial= mininln(n)= =\e/m\mimia\=im/mlo\n(eiele 48 14 162 30
ee eee ee ca acing a alate ole cinielnnieiialelnie/s/olaleintele evelaterel=in/=(=\s's)= clei i=imimimberote 50 13 160 21
1 Ho ooe naa SeC aeem Oe Ee OEoS SOUS EO OCODOD COCCI ODOUS SO DOCSc BEB GeOneOnasGooCS 51 38 159 20
BI errata aye a eta aa ae slate atte aie ole eine nicalotere icin aisicieteloieiaielelel=(eleiatelmieiele)=\='=\0) aie/ei=(=!-1=[=infulmj= 53 05 158 07
ANY o eq SSS OO ROe NOLO SOC OOO SRO bebbrencoboneopdeceaseerseescoprpecodosods 54 45 157 00

8. Doe. 137, pt. 2——7

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ae 7! (pests exces swipe od
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ih ; ' a AW

nee eas sod a rr

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TAOS EWR HERE ae evn
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FROM A REPORT ON THE FUR-SEAL ROOKERIES
OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1895.

By F. W. TRUE.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

U. 8S. COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES,
OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER,
Washington, February 4, 1896.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith certain ‘‘extracts from
a report relative to the natural history of the fur seals and the con-
dition of the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, based upon
observations made during the season of 1895 by F. W. True, curator
of mammals, United States National Museum.”

You will recall that Mr. True spent the summer of 1895 in making a
study of the seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands independently of
Mr. C. H. Townsend. His final report, which will be taken up largely
with a discussion of the natural history of the fur seal, will not be com-
pleted for some time, but in the preliminary account of his inquiries he
covers fully all the main points of direct interest in connection with
the present sealing controversy, so far as that subject came within the
range of his observations. It is that part of his report which is now
forwarded.

Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL,
Acting Commissioner.
The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY,

Washington, D. C.

DEAD PUPS.

The matter of dead pups is one which I can only discuss briefly, as
the terrible mortality reported in recent years occurs late in the season,
after the date on which my observations closed.

I saw a number of dead pups during my sojourn, but do not think that
the total would exceed 150 for all the St. Paul rookeries. The largest
number were at the north end of Tolstoi rookery, where I observed 70
in one small area and about 25 more a little farther south, on the 15th of
August. The area referred to was occupied earlier in the season by a
great mass of seals, and I regard the number of dead pups found here
as representing the ordinary mortality of the young. These pups were

99

100 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

not in the water or at the water’s edge or in positions where they could
be supposed to have been cast up by storms.

On August 2 I counted 23 dead pups on Ketavie rookery. These
were all on the higher parts of the rookery, and there were none at the
water’s edge. A few dead pups were found on the highest parts of sev-
eral of the rookeries, and these, as Mr. Townsend suggested, were such
as had been worried to death by the bachelors which hang about the
rear of the rookeries. On several occasions I saw young bachelor seals
Snatch pups away from the pods on the higher parts of the rookeries,
and badger them about as if they had been cows.

On Ketavie rookery, on July 27, I saw a youngish bull at the back of
the rookery seize a pup out of one of the upper pods with his teeth and
earry if up the hillside. He dropped it several times, but picked it up
again. The pup presently bit at his assailant, and when the attention
of the latter was distracted, ran away down the hill again. Another
pup, apparently brought up the slope by this same bull, had crawled
in under a rock, so that it could not be reached.

On August 5, on Ketavie, | saw a bachelor attempting to copulate
with one of these pups. The instinct of reproduction seems to spring
up at an early age in the seals, and hence these unnatural assaults on
the pups. I agree with Mr. Townsend in thinking that a portion, at
least, of the dead pups found high up on the rookeries are such as have
been worried to death in the manner indicated. Some of these pups,
however, are doubtless such as have wandered away from their mothers,
beyond the confines of the rookery, and have died of starvation.

ESTIMATES OF NUMBER OF SEALS.

When Mr. Townsend arrived on St. Paul in July we endeavored to
obtain data for an estimate of the number of seals present. With this
in view we went to Ketavie, Lukannon, Tolstoi, and the Lagoon rook-
eries and made an actual count as far as the conditions would permit.
As we proceeded it soon became apparent that to count all of the
several classes of seals was impracticable. The first difficulty that we
encountered lay in the fact that the roughness of the ground prevented
us from seeing some of the harems distinctly, and we were unable to go
down among the seals without stampeding them. Later we came upon
the triangles or wedges of breeding seals massed as close together as it
was possible for them to lie. It was necessary to use a field glass in
investigating these groups, and as there were no salient points which
could be picked out, as the count proceeded the eye soon became con-
fused and the count lost. The larger groups of pups presented the
same difficulty. This class was omitted later on, because on areas which
had to be viewed from a distance so large a proportion of pups were
concealed by the bowlders that the count could not be at all relied upon.
We came eventually to count only the cows. At the Lagoon we counted
by passing in front of the rookery in a boat, using a low-power glass.
The harems were separated here by considerable intervals, and as the
whole rookery was in plain view there was no obstacle to counting.

On Ketavie we counted without a glass for the most part, going down
among the seals as best we could, and the same course was pursued at
Lukannon and Tolstoi.

It can not be claimed that our count is mathematically accurate, but
I believe that a sufficiently large area was covered to render the inac-
curacy of comparatively little consequence. An actual census could
be made only by driving all the seals inland and passing them in

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. LOL

review, or photographing the rookeries from overhead, both of which
proceedings are impracticable.

The enumeration of cows on the Lagoon, made July 10, was by harems,
as follows:

[The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. ]

8 7 28 20 15 | 20 | 67 1 1 16 | 8
1 10 1 9 16) 8 18 4 20 31 2
41 14 a 1 22 4 1 16 2 4] 1
16 3 23 38 1 2 10 18 6 3 25
16 3 4 32 31 4 25 2 19 | 1 26
24 2 37 20 4 6 9 48 14 19 16
4 21 15 12 35 7 12 23 16 | 39 4
| 26 4 67 24 5 |
Total, 1,264.

The enumeration of cows on Ketavie, made July 8 to 10, beginning
at the south, was as follows:

(The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem.]

|
Th || Bi | 47 29 1 38 12 15 22
1 9 145 (3)| 1 9 17 16 1 9 19
12| 23 1 2 13 4 3 50 1 24 |
3] 12 9 2 A Sa 10 8 1 18
3 9 93(2)| 52 64 5 11 10 25 21
4 4 12 10 1 i 5 24 35 36
35 20 29 (3) | 12 40 11 17 15 28
10 | 28(4)] 1 5 9 1 5 19 8
28 | 13 60 11 =| 45(3)| 14 2 1 15 34
8 6 21 189) is 14 10 1 10 52
25 2 A Pi ao 15 29 (2)| 13 30 42 43
34 5 14 14 30 19 7 (4) 23 49 13
By || ee 15 0 FT 4 10 12 16 8
55 | 89 32 60 (3) | 18 il 9 17
Total, 2,640.

Nore.—The figures in parentheses refer to the number of bulls with the group of cows. In these
cases several harems were of course consolidated.

Mr. Townsend made an enumeration of a portion of Lukannon rookery
on July 12, and found 1,940 cows. The portion of this rookery on which
he made no enumeration is sixteen one-hundredths of the total area of
Ketavie and Lukannon, and it is necessary, therefore, to add 732 cows
in making up the total for the two rookeries, which will then be 5,312
cows.

On July 11 I counted the cows on that portion of Tolstoi rookery
under the cliffs at the south end, as follows:

(The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. ]

10 | 7 | 32 62 4a 19 11 22 33 27
7 ae 20 4009 | 11 | q 2 3
8 9 2 4 960| 50. | 19 21 27 25
25 12) | 10 46 3 | 51 (2) | 8 17 8 21 |
43 41| 14 43 13.) 6 14 8 2 23 |
6 61 60(3) 34 9| 6 3 18 Sule biel
16 31| 11 14 3| 12 13 | 4 17 3 |
2 44 | 13 20 9| 41 15 | 13 5 3 |
20 Tanya 7 7{ 1 6 | 10 7 5
24 8 | 16 Qanterd 29 | 1 27 rel
11 14| 9 ll |

Total, 1,624.

This portion of Tolstoi rookery is only a small part of the whole area,
and the enumeration is chiefly valuable as a basis for ascertaining the
average size of harems and for forming an estimate for the whole area,

102 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

The area of the several rookeries on St. Paul in July of the present
year, as indicated on the maps made by Mr. C. H. Townsend, is shown
below. I have divided the total area in the case of each rookery into
two parts, on one of which the seals are distributed about as on the
parts counted as regards density, and on the other are massed together.
The areas are as follows:

Not massed.| Massed.

Square feet. | Square feet.
LOI op Yarn, Web nig) (ASH Sos Sasa apace odarioomooooodSpecHsacbesbancudccdoqacteTd 168, 7: 51, 854

COni@e AAI) S556 hosoodepEpSen Sor qos conn ososecnaoocncanscoScseaccodasose 131, 725 4, 600
IMO] STO etee es eee oe ceeiscis a cice 160, 580 80, 220
PiAeOON) <6 5. sascceas-se ees ee" S20 2410 eee
MVOC Legs ane mistetn tale oloce mains rate etnies 330, 523 | 115, 188
Ketavie and Lukannon 226;/303*|\2e ease
Little Polavina 29; 969) | Soc cletee aie
IBN? TED AnEE) Seen dows BARR Been onaeceE ceca sou conoadeposHUddorcensesoosdar 64, 748 | 16, 239
Northeast Point 378, 240 361, 443

Employing again Mr. Townsend’s maps, I find that the 1,264 cows
counted on the Lagoon rookery covered an area of 82,241 square feet,
making the average occupied by each cow 65 square feet. The 4,110
cows counted on Ketavie and Lukannon rookeries covered 189,712 square
feet, or 46 square feet for each cow.

On Tolstoi 1,520 cows occupied 44,699 square feet, or 29 square feet
for each.

The average is as follows:
ran}
Square feet.

Lagoon rookery..----- wal etoiae sigisis ses edwciee dees ole ein ejaielel ta etancei ola ee eee 65
Ketavie and: Gukannon Tookeriess-. 5% < sc. stieei= eels Seles seen Beene eee 46
Tolstolgsee ove Be tS Soke See lercta cn obs ae Se SA Eee Mee oe bee Gee Ont eee 29

PAV OT AIDC foie aie. rc is, o.6.0 Sierarone ais tocetssay nyo tals ofageievs/a) ie sid iate Neeore > clone: Shc Vos eee ee 46

If we divide the number representing the total area of the rookeries
on St. Paul by 46 we should find thereby the number of cows. It
happens, however, as already stated, that on certain portions of the
rookeries the seals are massed together, and for these areas it has been
decided to consider the average density as double that of the remaining
parts, which would give us 23 square feet as the average area occupied
by each cow.

The cows on the whole area of the Lagoon rookery having been
counted, the number obtained by this enumeration will be included
instead of an estimate, and the same course will be taken with Lukan-
non and Ketavie rookeries.

The result is as follows:

Cows
WATOOMIMOGOKOTY esse Hee okee Seats cede sien see els «eee ae 1, 264
Ketavierandubukannonerookenles cares ce see cen cae see en eee ee eae 5, 312
Tolstoi, Reef, Little Polavina, Big Polavina, Northeast Point, Upper Zapadnie,
and dower Zapadnilemookeriesie. = seee oe cee eee ee daa. Lee eee eee 54, 860

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 103

On St. George, by the same method, we find the following:

Number
Rookery. Area. apieowe:
Sq. feet.
AR PAMTINGS <ioe a atelsiaia a=ia ae elnilele (mera meme (=la'=nin/= vinlm als\ sie e[e(=/<in's\< =[e)0\= =(n/==(mwisle(= im [em eie(=ininim=im ini 128, 171 2, 786
BAT Area eed oaoocoagiou GoU On aCU DESC AU DOR COMES EE abc OUGE COCR COn Coo se Sancesee 64, 329 1, 398
INGA aos Sab pbesoonss SCRE CODE OOS RE aor CHa e So CROCOO SSE Cee epe OR MerSmecroSaTeamoe 128, 868 2, 800
LUT HE DENSE sitios bea pose sb aSdo nS sacase Cano ob SoS TbO EeBEaEOecoocunobeHonocosodese 24, 254 527
JUD Sip - Soe oshococeecs cs Sp tht SoSnSHbOS 2596 danooononESbpeto Ssrbsypoobogosseiscddosade 67, 884 1, 476
BBG mere Unease acme a Dd Wire: 308 veda en cel sg ee RR 8, 987
The total for the two islands will be as follows:

Cows.
Sits TERE oe Sho Reel: Ae ee BBS Bee Cee ae REE Ser wee SEs Sele eros reas oe 61, 436
SUG OORCeenmetactcmincins = cca ee ac, ceiceivics ecetey a= pale miele i eniisistled = ects steto ae Eels 8, 987
ROG Aes iar See Asie rnfh a Pacer bis a eiesye Sims Se inte ola ey Slaemretaeehesomies eats 70, 423

The number of breeding bulls, providing one for every 16 cows, as
already determined, will be as follows:

Bulls.

Sue Neem ela I Se Som SS ERS Ln DS. ssh a erle Leen ene a min onehoare 3, 839
"Shy (SECTS Se a mesa pee Gesee reas Toor eer Cees ose eeE mes 555 Ale S aie Ee 563
Mite Were epee Stare Se Sk Syn rare penetra ee Aree, Jaa Slay etary sleyoe careayer ciae le 4, 402

ESTIMATE OF BACHELORS.

To count the bachelor seals on the hauling grounds is a much more
difficult task than to count the breeding cows. The bachelors are much
of the time in movement, going down to and returning from the water,
fighting among themselves, etc. Furthermore, they lie pretty evenly
distributed over the areas they occupy, rendering it extremely difficult
to select a single point on which the eye can rest as the count proceeds.
For these reasons a count of the bachelors is in most places practically
impossible. But there are other difficulties as well. The bachelors at
the water’s edge and back of the rookeries are scattered and frequently
in situations in which they can not be well seen. On the large hauling
grounds the “drives” cause the number to rise and fall. Where there
are a thousand to-day there will be only a hundred to-morrow. Under
certain conditions of weather these young males resort to the land in
great numbers, while under other conditions they remain in the water.
All these disturbances and changes cause any direct count to be of little
value.

The counting of the bachelors being deemed impracticable, it remains
to consider whether an estimate of their number can be made. It is
known by official count how many seals are killed during the season,
and counts were also made by myself and by the assistant Treasury
agent this year of the number rejected from the majority of the killings.

There is great confusion in the ‘“ pods” or little bands of seals when
the killers attack them, and the seals rejected when once started often
move off rapidly. Hence the enumeration of the rejected seals can
not invariably be made with entire accuracy. Still, as I learned by
recounting, the error is only slight, and not sufficient to affect the
general result. We have then an exact count of the number killed
and an approximately accurate account of those rejected. Upon ascer-
taining what relation the latter bears to the former we can determine

104 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

quite accurately how many seals are driven off the hauling grounds.
The following table embodies these data for St. Paul Island:

—_——

Total (esti-
. Percent-
Number | Number mated) of
Date. Rookery. | killed. rejected. ee of seals
Jected.| driven.
1895. Per cent.
JTS ZOn | WNOTHHeAS LOM tice osclelsrlatcleetslesisieeciciats sieislel> elmietel ate 1, 961 1, 607 a45 3, 568
EGE Lcansdaded pac ee poco mee SHpoaabGekadasococoE 1, 548 1, 487 a49 38, 035
PAS. || Jebingay Jor hi RescedecososuccouecEOscoSuadercaae 575 575 50 1, 150
afwiby) ah\) Tiel biel hays neh eagensascosndecHoeeSnoopcdsosose 751 1, 126 60 1, 877
P4 ||, ARI eee obo odancodcooponcospeoccqecs sence 861 1, 405 a 62 2, 266
yy OMT Ae SUNT OVA ete tetas pel etre ate tete ee erate alate atelelerelststataletareioce 364 647 64 1,011
Oa WNOLEHeAs be ONG et <1a\a\a)a ate ot ais alare ae fe late ae ale eit tle 960 1, 440 60 2, 400
MO Serato QO see ree ee ciaciieionininieteloeitelelonemiateieiestelela[oism atete 431 800 65 1, 231
MSW RG fetes eases ee ates ieiatalece oreo sige eee 1, 138 2, 322 70 3, 460
AL 7a | Leal tayyi ye OM ata etm mr tatela aotal= le letettmta lalate ae telat 324 793 71 able
TI): VARjar yay eaten Gee ee en be Bape ewes TS SNA 834 1, 856 69 2, 690
Qa NORER Cas GUE OMI 7 oa slalelstelals eieleielet=sseloeioeteate saint 827 2, 236 73 3, 063
2ii| IG TKA TM OM 507-1 )s'a15 sei iaa1e wren eine eee e sele ae els | 286 931 76.5 1, 217
CA ele | VOC i (ZO) FON) OD yer aterm <t= aye are ae alelel =e ataratelnrata sterile == | 185 704 79.2 889
AUDIO Coop tec dancoddes speconecseeaperbaba escsucasco|lesspco0ne Weare cocci 28, 974
|

a Estimated.

Note.—Some bachelors were killed before June 20, but the number was very small and will not
affect the general estimate. These killings were as follows:

Date. Rookery. a

Mave oiniPNortheas tom titeeeacecsce se eect a eae ne esac secant see ae eee tial 6

2 OE cae a che nso eto erate iele alas arelere ine earn ate ud alate ciate aie Mute cya ticteinyate tsi etal oi clears a ietaie rere 79

PUNOK HW NOLEHOAst ALOU treo are erate cee ela oec ates eee Sesleterd ated Sve austere Ne eana folate setae teeenaae 3

ROG Bee ts wera coeis is te 3 estes heerah sie erate wis al wroiStare aie saa ai otexeia otek nie eS croleye era atepeera ete a 76

8. \WNiortheastiBoiniis = he-8 Bene Pee ea Soe es eh ae ae Noam Same bictoe Sisicicmisia see Saas 3

TS a OLS Gone eee case cine tetctale ore winks sista loseieo eos ie elala wile Spare ote he tere et Serete Sine nieve ete ater 184
UGAyINGrthessh OMG: seas e essere cee cette sraie eee mises ale aerate mini oreie ee ie etol oe erat reteoe tae

ROGRL Ee o,cis sbees saisas oe ceisisjat hos oes e cal ans ace Gin blasat eC eeaeiee cee RE ER REOe | 353

The total number, 28,970, which represents quite accurately the num-
ber of seals driven from the hauling grounds during the season, would
also represent the number of individual seals on those grounds during
June and July, did not the rejected ones return to their place. As itis
known, however, that many do so return—and may be considered prob-
able that all those rejected return to one or other of the grounds—it is
evident that in this total some seals are counted twice or three times.
To find the correct total it will be necessary to make a reduction for
those seals which appear in the drives more than once, and this is a most
difficult matter on account of the complexity of the problem. Some
facts indicated in the foregoing table are of interest in this connection.

It will be observed that the number of seals on each of the rookeries
is practically the same at different parts of the season. This agrees
with what appears to the eye to be true; that is, in a short time after
the bachelors have been driven from a hauling ground there appear to
be as many seals present again as there were at first. The numbers
from the foregoing table are as follows:

Northeast Point:

BIRT O25 Payee Meee AYU a a ores Seta diy Se RN elt Pie sts a 3, 564

SM VeS. GO MO) prs P eee tee Sh Vee aloo a Stay ines ers mh eee 5, 631

Pi D Sere iale rec eS, Se Mae ea aias eer ee Oy cca, Ske ane wc aaah Sears ere a 3, 063
Reef:

SUMTER QAAIS LEED SRN UA LL UGA IC A SUR es FA AU LOYD UE 5) GO ALE as Fe 3, 085

peat yy tvs co Sie is wa a TA NOSE ch cetera lbs Al ria bk elagy ap ae cape a at | a 3, 460
Halfway Point:

AUTO AG oe ates eral aystele torcis ic yata oe ey tree Hal wes elatetnla later Cisim slate eels REE oe Bee chase nee 1, 150

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 105

Zapadnie:
Dials 2hseiscas a2 aaceeise crempiole aomele sh iosiaemise tee ces oo bees kiss bee dereeiects 2, 266
Siege ee eee ae eI eC a ye Dike UM wh as 2, 690
Lukannon:
TIN B ooclses soba doce stoe d55n chad nash dees steeds sssnooscse sb6cabesbeacas 1,011
RRL a Lie eaten me erat ce settee <inlc samelemciicdial ek Clete oe Skt abe slciale rdetces 1, 217

Again, the proportion of seals rejected from the killing grounds
increases gradually as the season advances. As shown by the table at
the first killing I observed that 50 per cent of the seals driven up were
rejected. This was on June 26. On August 1, the last killing of the
season, the per cent rejected was 79.2 of the whole number driven up.
The increase in the proportion of rejected seals is reasonably regular.
That there should be such a proportional increase is of course to be
expected, but it appears to be a fact that the relative proportion of
killable seals decreases as the season advances, whether a hauling
ground has been swept over previously or not. Thus, 50 per cent of
the seals were rejected from the first drive from Polavina on June 26,
and 64 per cent from the first drive from Lukannon on July 3, Simi.
larly, we find that 73 per cent were rejected from a third drive from
Northeast Point on July 22, while 76.5 per cent were rejected from a
second drive from Lukannon, which took place five days later.

Another matter to receive attention before a general estimate is
made relates to the length of the period during which the bachelors
are arriving at the island. My own observations are of no value in
this connection, because, as the foregoing table shows, the two largest
hauling grounds at least were full before I arrived. It is necessary,
therefore, to refer to the statement of other observers on this point.

Bryant, referring to the year 1869, states that “‘by the middle of June
all the males, except the great body of the yearlings, have arrived.”
GNA. Pinnipeds, p. 384.) The American Bering Sea commissioners,
quoting various observers, state that they “begin - to arrive in the vicin-
ity of the islands soon after the bulls have taken up their positions upon
the rookeries, but the greater number appear tuward the latter part of
May.” (United States, No. 6, Bering Sea Arbitration, p. 120.)

These statements are not so definite as could be desired, and I do not
find any others that are more so; but from the foregoing table it appears
probable that while the hauling grounds fill up early in June, bachelors
continue to arrive in greater or less numbers until August. If this is
not the case it is difficult to understand how so comparatively large
numbers of killable seals can be found late in July.

Whether the seals return to the same hauling grounds as that from
which they are driven is perhaps of no great moment, as the net result
appears to be the same whether they do or do not.

Taking the six weeks in the foregoing table as the period during
which the hauling grounds are full, we can arrive at a conclusion
regarding the number of bachelors in the following way:

The number killed between June 20 and August 1, as shown by the
official count, is 11,045. Earlier in the year 353 were killed, making a
total of 11 398. To this amount is to be added the number rejected
from the first drives from each of the several hauling grounds, viz:

MUPUCHOAS INE OUNG aye ee ein ee Wes Be es i eel Ay BO A Si 1, 603
sh BN AYENS RACE EN Pg es gh ct RN SEO i A oT AY ta par Ne AT en 1, 487
tea ewan b GIN beeen oe = eee e Oe Se Sie Leder ee Lemay May) 2 SEC oe ree eone ents bt 575
LSTA BES AAS S SERS SMe AM GAA pe, RIE eA ec ean a Ey AA Ste tA cal eo a 1, 126
COPTIC TT Sy fies al APP Ay hy et Bey Lt a a og 1, 405
Pec ATITOT. Seen eee eee As Ame ASE YS Be Al A eRe EH CL oe Ue ed Re AAT 647

106 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

We have then to find out how many new individuals were among
the seals rejected from the subsequent drives. The proportion rejected
from the first drive from Northeast Point was estimated as 45 per cent;
from the second drive, 60 per cent and 65 per cent, or an average of 62.5
per cent; from the third drive, 73 per cent. The increase in the second
and third drives is 17.5 and 28 per cent, respectively. These percent-
ages we may take to be those of the new individuals.

We may make up the total, therefore, in the following manner:

Numbertkilled Jumes20 25.22 sces toe e tee: ae Sac are eee acne sien Oo ae 1, 961
Rejectedssmmey 20 ees)! scye ceils esas ooo mas eet ly ee eee mecoinegs ecle ee ee ee 1, 607
Number killed Jilly 9andl0ve. 223. bss See eee ee 1,391
Additional per cent rejected July 9 and 10. ..---- EE eee ee Son onic 6: 216
Numiberpkille dy Sunliyis2 2 cis be poeta 2 iyaive lates Seis cecieys eis bai See Bene ae a 827
Additional per'ceut rejected July, 222... 4/05 205) eee ees eae ee 413

Motalie So. reel ys. 5s ih ce Se SIS 2 es ah eye BL Se ee es ea Ee a ee 6, 415

This may be taken as the number of seals on the hauling ground dur-
ing the six weeks. Treating the other hauling grounds in the same
manner, we have the following amounts:

INGEbheastee omg seis SE ROE eS eae tk ae De kh ee 6, 415
B YGYS ES SAAN bt ee eee ESR LET EMS GON RRS a ST) ee chee Py he ae eS bs Be bp SB}
Haliway-Poimtep 2242 o see ce ch at eet? 2a ee a eee oy a 1, 692
Mol shy Bayes ates sates sae Une SUA airy tae 2k eee ee eee 1, 877
WHEW YH LOWS) cate ke age eile ea yet ee Re EN a Nn a Ne oo 3, 551
Mulkcannonss 2/354 Seas. eek kes tes Seely Jee Suid Se Ra a 1, 581

eo tally v2 Be hee, haley od bee, Fat Sears ng Sop uae Ss ok Ne eran Oe eres oe 21, 049

This, it will be observed, is consider ably less than the number driven,
viz, 28,970, but it represents, in my opinion, much more nearly the cor-
rect number of seals present on the hauling ground during the period.

This total, 21,049, is based on the assumption that all the bachelors
have arrived by August 1. But as at the last killing, on that date,
about 20 per cent of “killable seals were still obtainable from the num-
ber driven up, it would appear that if killings were made later (at
least up to the end of August) a small number of new seals would be
obtained.

I calculate that this would not exceed 2,000 seals for all the hauling
grounds. Adding this to the total previously obtained, we have 23,049
for the whole number of bachelor seals on the hauling grounds during
the season. This includes only the grounds from which drives were
made, and we have yet to consider the grounds at Ketavie and the
Lagoon, which were not disturbed; also the areas back of the breeding
grounds and the fringe at the water’s edge. For the Ketavie hauling
ground I estimate from my observations that the number should be
about 500, for the Lagoon hauling ground 400.

For the areas back of the breeding grounds and the water front no
reliable estimate can be made. These bachelors are constantly moving
about, and were also more or less disturbed in some places this season,
at least by persons passing to and fro. The bachelors at the water’s
edge doubtless go to the terminal hauling grounds, and may perhaps
sately be regarded as already estimated for.

If one-tenth were added for these scattered bands of bachelors, it
would probably be sufficient; but this is a purely nominal estimate.

To recapitulate, the total is made up as follows:

Number of seals killed May 27-to August doco. 2. 222202 cele eee ee 11, 398
Additional seals on the hauling erounds from which drives are made--...--- 9, 651
Seals on the hauling grounds from which drives are not made (Ketavie and
EYELET OY 65 08) Yen mF UMERL Te Tn PY tape SU A a RMR RT 900
Number of seals in scattered bands back of the rookeries ..........-..------ 2, 195

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 107

Bringing together the estimates for all the classes of seals, we have
the following:

St. Paul:

BRIGHT LONS Te oe pepciee haere hese se tes ater ere raf sic eis Sate a Sins siela coe tahaicsolatarcio’s 24, 144
leyeeilintee Hmph asec a aniaaseoo Goose a ito yet MN ed nite esha lala 3, 839
CE OWES gee erc TN ere a cla tehereie Peretti o or~ ey hatraneiin ie) ete, S aise) ee cloters.cte 61, 436
TENS se So eel etesSsodus bade beeseesocsuEnoss se code Soetin copaea ULC
- 135, 496
St. George:
ISCMIGIGUN 3266 codeed Hosted edo Sdot seobete soos sodegeotudes soenoder
IBvenalinee lopulllky seed Sepa BS BSS hae Abe Bian odeecoosetopsaacdcee Kees 563
COMME sss 55 ssesco cede te costed Sacco Seon desesossb bosses a3 S4ges¢ 8, 987
JRO Se bis o Gb deo So BARA Shes SOOGod SEUE Se CeCe Saco meAees)s Gaerne 6, 741
- 20, 481
Rotalmumberiofisealsion, both islands)254..---o-- soos see ee acee ee 155, 977

In my judgment the foregoing estimate is fairly reliable; but it
should be remembered that it is only an estimate. In a matter so
extremely complex, and with factors so constantly varying, I do not
think any estimate can be made which will approximate the truth more
than somewhat remotely.

The chief use of such calculations in the present connection is, in my
opinion, for the elimination of fanciful estimates of the number of seals.
Thus, a statement that there are a million or half a million seals on the
islands may safely be disregarded, as may equally any claim that there
are but a few thousand remaining. It is probably asimportant to know
how many seals are on any one or two of the rookeries as to know how
many are on all of them, and this can be ascertained with fair accuracy,
as shown by the enumerations of Ketavie and the Lagoon rookeries
made this year. If it is found in July, 1897, that there are 3,000 cows
on the Lagoon rookery, it may be fairly asserted that this rookery has
doubled in two years.

PRESENT CONDITION OF THE ROOKERIES AS REGARDS THE
DECREASE OF SEALS.

The three questions to which my attention was directed before visit-
ing the islands as the most important ones for consideration are
extremely difficult to answer. They relate to the present conditious as
regards the decrease in the number of seals, the cause of the decrease,
and the remedy. I realize now, perhaps even more fully than before L
visited the islands, how difficult it will be to find a solution to these
problems which will fill every need and meet every objection. Never-
theless, I address myself to the task, with the hope that what I have to
offer may prove at least suggestive.

As regards the decrease in the number of seals, there is little to say.
All persons who have visited the islands in recent years are agreed that a
decrease has taken place, and I found no reason to dispute this conclusion,
Being on the ground during only one season, I was unable of course
to make comparative observations, but the condition of the rocks and
herbage back of the present rookeries testifies in an unmistakable man-
ner to the fact of their greater magnitude in past years. To take one
instance: On the great inclined plain or “‘ parade ground” on the reef,
which is now covered with low grass and flowers, and from a little dis-
tance resembles a lawn of large extent, the cavities of the lava bowl-
ders are filled with a dull felt-like substance, which upon examination
proves to be composed chiefly of hairs of fur seals interwoven and
matted down. This substance could not be made up from stray hairs

108 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

blown hither and thither bythe wind, or from such as might be left by
the passing seals during a drive. It betokens the former presence of
numerous seals for a considerable period on ground now completely
abandoned.

Wherever this matted hair is found abundantly the tops of the rocks
are worn smooth, a condition due clearly to the presence at some time
of living seals.

At the back of all the rookeries, often for a distance of 200 to 300
feet or still more, this phenomenon is observable, and even among the
high grass farther back, where the rocks are abundantly covered with
lichens, a careful examination reveals the presence of matted hair,
though usually in a friable and decomposed condition.

On the Reef “parade ground” I examined an area about 50 feet
square, which, according to photographs taken by the commission in
1891, was completely bare in that year, and found that it was fully one-
half covered with grass and flowering plants. This indicates that some
of the changes at least are of very recent origin, and can in nowise be
regarded as ancient.

Such facts as I have mentioned demonstrate that at no distant time
in the past the seals covered much more ground than they did this year.

Of the changes which have taken place since last year I can not speak
entirely from personal experience. For a knowledge of the conditions
in 1894 I have relied on the photographs and charts prepared by Mr.
Townsend, naturalist of the Albatross. These charts and photographs
for 1894 I examined to some extent while on the ground this sammer,
and more in detail since returning to Washington. In the latter
instance I have had the advantage of comparing, side by side in com-
pany with Mr. Townsend, those of 1894 with those of 1895.

The work this year was done about ten days later than last, on
account of the backwardness of the season. Making all allowances for
seasonal and other influences, [have no hesitation in affirming that the
seals were considerably less abundant this year than last.

As already explained, the photographs were made under conditions
unfavorable in many ways, and some of them are not serviceable for
comparison. In others the shrinkage of the rookeries is very noticeable
and should be evident to untrained eyes. This is true of the views
from stations 1, 4, and 5, Northeast Point; stations 21 and 24, Pola-
vina; station 12, Lukannon; stations 14, 144, and 15, Ketavie; stations
16,17, and 18, Reef; station 11 and Station F, Tolstoi; station 7°, Lower
Zapadnie; station, 2 North rookery (St. George), and Station B, Little
East rookery (St. George). The changes which are observable result
chiefly from a recession from areas of the rookeries, or a general shrink-
age along the inland borders. Accompanying these changes is a ten-
dency in breeding grounds, formerly of great continuous length, to break
up into detached areas. This is very noticeable at Northeast Point,
Polavina, aud Lower Zapadnie, St. Paul, and Great East, North, and
Zapadnie rookeries, St. George, and may be observed both in the pho-
tographs and charts of 1895, when compared with those of 1894. As
Mr. Townsend informs me that he will report on these changes in detail,
and as the photographs and charts are his own work, and furthermore,
as his experienceruns back over many seasons, I donot deemitimportant
to enter more into details here. I agree with Mr. Townsend that a
noticeable shrinkage of the breeding grounds has taken place since
1894. I regard the herds as in a very precarious condition as regards
preservation, and while it is obviously impossible to fix limits in such a
case, if the off-shore sealing operations continue as at present I should
expect to see the cows practically exterminated in less than five years.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 109

CAUSE OF THE DECREASE OF SEALS.

It has been generally conceded that the decrease of the seals is due
to human interference, and in view of the many known cases of extermi-
nation by human agency there is no reason for dissent from this opinion.
When we go a step further, however, and inquire what special form of
interference is responsible for the results observed, we are met at once
by diversity of opinion. Men have located and carried on the ordinary
operations of life on the seal islands. They have killed seals on the
islands. They have intruded upon the resorts of the seals and driven
off certain classes of these animals. They have killed mature males and
young on land, and both males and nursing and pregnant females at
sea. Some of these operations ceased many years ago, and others are
still carried on. Out of all these factors of destruction, old and new,
we are called upon to select the one or ones which are responsible for
the effects observed, and with whose cessation the decrease would like-
wise cease. In the present state of knowledge I conceive that this can
not be done in such a manner as to place the matter beyond dispute.
Conclusions have to be based largely on opinions, rather than on facts,
and as long as these opinions can be challenged the conclusions will
fail to receive universal acceptance.

Putting aside the effects of all past forms of interference, however,
as intangible, we know what operations are going on to-day and what
is the condition of the seal herds. Weknow that the seals of all classes
have greatly decreased in number and have shown that the decrease is
still going on. We know that considerable numbers of male and of
nursing and pregnant female seals are killed at sea, and that considerable
numbers of male seals are killed on land. Now, whether few or many
males remain is of no consequence, so long as there are enough to
fertilize the females.

My observations during the past summer show that there are enough,
and that they are desirous of taking part in reproduction. If this is
not true, why are there always males hovering about the water’s edge
and attempting to intercept the females as they leave the rookeries?
Why are there small harems at the water’s edge (and even in the water)
which are constantly being broken up by the stronger bulls near by?
Why are there new harems formed at the back of the rookeries

the cows with pups) at the close of the season? Why are the pups
arassed? If there were not enough bulls to fertilize the females, or if
the bulls lacked vigor, none of these things would occur. But they do
occur, as [ witnessed with my own eyes. Hence, I do not hesitate to
state that, in my opinion, the number of bulls is sufficient for present
purposes of reproduction, and that the bulls are virile. It is not to be
inferred, however, that the number of males has not decreased. This
is conceded, but, as already stated, the fact is of no interest in the
present connection if enough remain.

When we turn to consider the female seals, we find that the question
assumes a very different aspect. It is useless to inquire whether there
are enough females. Even if the islands of St. Paul and St. George
were covered completely with female seals, there still would not be too
many, provided there were males enough to fertilize them. When,
however, we find the females decreasing year by year, there is every
cause for alarm. ‘Taking the condition regarding males as they are
to-day, the question we are considering resolves itself to this: What is
the cause of the decrease of female seals? If we can not find a cause

110 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

which will be accepted by the unwilling as the sole cause, we can at
least point to one which everyone must admit demands serious consid-
eration. We have the sworn testimony of the Treasury agents of the
islands that they counted this fallon St. Paul 23,000 dead pups. Every
unbiased observer is convinced that the cows suckle only their own
offspring; hence, unless these pups died of natural causes, it is certain
that 23,000 cows were destroyed at sea. That a large number of cows
were destroyed by sealers we know from the investigations of the com-
mission, and we know, also, that the pups were in such positions and
condition as to indicate clearly that they died of starvation. Is there
any reason to look elsewhere for the cause of the decrease of the females?
Certainly not.

Now, whether this is the only cause of the decrease of females or not
is of no great moment, since, in its operation, it is a sufficient one to
depopulate the rookeries. He would be regarded a very foolish man who
should spend time and money in investigating obscure causes of the loss
of his fowl while the fox was openly stealing hens from the roost. So
long as a sufficient cause of destruction is discovered, it is of no practi-
cal importance to search for others, since if this one continues to operate
it will destroy the rookeries, whether other causes are discovered and
eradicated or not.

Asit was a part of my instructions to search for obscure deleterious
agencies, however, I will say that I kept the matter constantly in mind,
but was unable to discover anything of importance. The seals appeared
to be healthy and vigorous. Idid not see more than five adult dead seals
about the rookeries during my sojourn on St. Paul. These were all
males. Mr. Townsend informed me of the presence of a dead female on
Ketavie rookery, but I did not seeit myself. It may be said that there
is no mortality of females on the islands before the pelagic sealing begins,
as there certainly would be if the seals were in anywise diseased.

No recognized enemies were observed about the islands, with the
exception of two killer whales. These I observed for a short time in
front of Ketavie rookery, but they appeared only once. The imperfec-
tions which one finds among the seals are all such as have their origin
in wounds received during combats or result from falling or jumping
from high places on rocky ground.

REMEDIES FOR THE DECREASE.

‘

If it be true that the present shrinkage of the rookeries is due to
human interference, as I believe it is, the simplest and most effectual
remedy would, of course, consist in stopping for a term of years all
sealing operations of whatever character and wherever prosecuted. It
is certain that no harm could result to the seal herds from this pro-
ceeding, and even if the proposition that the decrease is due to human
interference should not be sustained (improbable as that may. be), the
experiment would be worth all it might cost. It may be deemed, per-
haps, that the application of this remedy is impracticable for reasons
of state, as well as on account of the injustice to those persons who have
money invested in apparatus of thefishery. If the present international
situation is such that no change covering the whole fishery can be made,
it is useless to consider the subject of direct remedies.

It is not within my province to decide whether such a cessation of all
sealing operations can or can not be brought about. Taking it for
granted that it can not, | may mention two plans, in the nature of indi-
rect remedies, which seem tome worthy of consideration. Oneof these

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Bea

at least has occurred to other investigators, but whether prior to my own
studies I can not say.

It appears to me entirely feasible to brand the seals with a property
mark. If the cows are to be so treated, it would be best to place the
brand on the back, where it could be plainly seen. This would also
have the effect of rendering the skins of the cows unmarketable, and
there would be no object in destroying them.

It is, of course, taken for granted in proposing this plan that prop-
erty so branded would be recognized as property on the high seas.
Whether this would be the case [ can not venture to decide.!

KILLING OF FEMALES BY THE GOVERNMENT OBJECTIONABLE

In conclusion, it may be proper for me to remark that I should depre-
cate most earnestly the adoption of any plan to bring the fur-seal ques-
tion to an end by a wholesale butchery of all the seals, male, female,
and young, on the Pribilof Islands. I do not think that our Govern-
ment or any other could maintain its dignity while pursuing such a
course. It could only be regarded as a work of spite, which would be
unbecoming in an individual and much more so in a nation.

No one having the smallest spark of love for nature and her works.
who had visited the fur-seal islands could for an instant entertain a
proposition for the slaughter of the seal herds. To any such it would
seem little less than wholesale murder.

Putting sentiment aside, it does not seem to me that such a course is
necessary. Even if the patrol of Bering Sea is suspended and sealers
are allowed to approach the islands, the time will speedily come when
sealing as an industry will cease to be profitable and will be abandoned.
There will still be a remnant of seals which, unmolested, will increase
and once more cover the breeding grounds. In the interval there would
be time for the cultivation of public sentiment in this country and
Europe favorable to the preservation of the seals, and to arrange plans
of international protection.

On the other hand, if the breeding seals are slaughtered on the rook-
eries, one more species will be added tothe already formidable list of
those which have been exterminated by unwise and improvident human
action. Such a proceeding would be in the highest sense immoral, and
no less inconsistent with the true aims of a civilized nation.

1Mr. True suggests further in respect to this subject that, in case of the presence
of pelagic sealers in Bering Sea next season, the entire body of seals might be driven
back from the rookeries and retained in the inland lakes and lagoons for about six
weeks, or during the period when pelagic sealing is mainly carried on in that region.
The execution of such a plan is entirely practicable with regard to all grown seals
of both sexes, but it would result in the destruction of the pups born that season.
If, however, the seals were held inland for only three or four weeks, the majority of
the pups would probably be saved, as they could exist for that length of time without
feeding, while the retention on land of the grown seals, even for so short a space of
time, would undoubtedly cause the abandonment of nearly all pelagic sealing.

i”

} a. ty

OBSERVATIONS DURING A CRUISE ON THE SEAL-.
ING SCHOONER LOUIS OLSEN, AUGUST, 1894.

By A. B. ALEXANDER.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

U. 8S. COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES,
Washington, D. C., January 5, 1895.
Sir: In response to your request of the 3d instant for copies of the
reports for 1892, 1893, and 1894 of Mr. Townsend on the seal rookeries
of Alaska, and the report for 1894 of Mr. Alexander on pelagic sealing,
I beg to state that no report on the condition of the seal rookeries in
1892 was made by Mr. Townsend, the subject having received the atten-
tion of Mr. J. Stanley-Brown, a special agent of the Treasury Depart-
meut. Mr. Townsend’s report for 1893 was transmitted to the Secretary
of the Treasury on February 26, 1894, and a second copy, as also Mr.
Townsend’s preliminary report covering the work of 1894, to the Assist-
ant Secretary, Mr. Hamlin, on December 4 and 5, 1894. Herewith I
have the honor to forward copy of the report of Mr. Alexander cover-
ing his observations during the summer of 1894 on pelagic sealing.
Very respectfully,
HERBERT A. GILL,
Acting Commissioner.
Hon. C. 8. HAMLIN,
Acting Secretary of the Treasury.

CRUISE OF THE LOUIS OLSEN IN BERING SEA.

On May 28, 1894, I left Seattle, Wash., in the City of Topeka for Sitka,
and from there took passage in the Crescent City for Unalaska. Soon
after arriving at the latter place I joined the Albatross and remained
by her until the evening of the 29th of July, when I joined the pelagic
sealing schooner Lowis Olsen, of Astoria, Oreg., Captain Guillams,
master, who very willingly gave me passage for the purpose of making
observations on the seals taken by him during the open season in
Bering Sea.

The next day, in latitude 54° 38’ north, longitude 167° 04’ west, we
Saw our first seals, 20 in number, 12 of which were “sleepers.” In the
afternoon we saw 6 seals about a half mile from the vessel playing in a
bunch of seaweed. The sea at the time was perfectly smooth, with a
light air stirring. Two hunters and myself started out in a boat to

} 113
S. Doc. 137, pt. 2——8

114 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

watch them and see how near we could approach without disturbing
them. We soon learned that they were unusually tame, as we ap-
proached near enough to touch one with a spear pole. They showed
little signs of fear notwithstanding that we were within 30 feet of them
for fully five minutes. Diving under the seaweed and suddenly thrust-
ing their heads up through it seemed to afford them great pleasure.
They paid but little attention to us and seemed almost indifferent as to
how near we approached, so long as we did so quietly. This caused
the hunters to exclaim several times, ‘If we only had a gun we could
kill them all.” Under the circumstances it was but natural that the
thought of a gun should be uppermost in their minds. Early in the
spring, both on the Northwest coast and off the coast of Japan, seals are
sometimes found which evince little signs of fear, but after one day’s
shooting on the ground they become very wild and mistrustful, and, like
a crow and some land animals, seem to scent a gun in the air.

The following day, July ai seals were plentiful. The wind being
light during the previous night, our position had changed but little.

“On August 1, at a very early hour, the spears were brought forth
and the seal on them broken. While this was going on many remarks
were made in regard to the first day’s trial. Some of the hunters were
already discouraged, and were confident that they were only wasting
time by attempting to use spears. The thought of being obliged to
adopt the primitive weapon of the Indian was indeed humiliating to
them. <A few on board felt more hopeful and were willing to give the
spear a fair trial. Ever since leaving Unalaska the hunters had been
practicing at throwing the spear pole. Every piece of floating seaweed
or other object which came within range had been a target. On several
occasions the boats had been lowered and a supply of chips and small
pieces of wood taken along. These were thrown ahead of the boat as
targets to throw at. It was Boon found that an object that could be
readily hit at a distance of 25 or 30 feet from the vessel was not so
easily reached from a boat, as the smallest wave would cause the latter
to move just enough to make the pole go wide of its mark. <A day’s
practice in throwing from the boats had the effect of teaching the
hunters the various ways of holding the spear to make more sure of
its hitting the mark under the many conditions of sea and wind. All
this time spear throwing had been carried on with lifeless objects for a
mark. ‘The opportunity was about to present itself of exhibiting skill
in throwing at something which, if missed the first time, would not be
likely to remain stationary long enough to give the marksman another
trial. A cool head and steady nerves would be the special requirements
to insure a successful day’s hunt should seals be plentiful.

The first day of August did not prove a success so far as sealing was
concerned, the weather being too foggy to send out the boats. Scatter-
ing seals were observed all day, but they were all ‘‘ travelers”; that is,
they were all moving in various directions. Our noon position was lati-
tude 56° 11’ north, longitude 172° 01’ west. The next day seals were
less numerous. None were observed in the forenoon; in the afternoon
12 were seen, of which all but 1 were traveling to the westward. This
individual was asleep; a boat was quickly lowered and the hunter on
watch was rowed toward it. Before the boat had covered half the dis-
tance the seal showed signs of waking and shortly after becoming aware
of approaching danger it disappeared. Our noon position on this day
was latitude 5:° 21’ north, longitude 175° 46’ west. Seals here were
not so plentiful as they were farther south. In the afternoon we hove
to and caught 2 cod in 65 fathoms of water. No more seal life was

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 115

observed until the afternoon of the following day, when 2 sleeping seals
were sighted in latitude 57° 50’ north, longtitude 175° 48’ west. Five
boats were sent out. They returned at 5 p. m., having taken no seals,
although 8 had been seen, but they were all “travelers.” Heavy fog
and strong indications of the wind breezing up fresh caused the boats
to return earlier than they otherwise would. In the evening, the vessel
being hove to, several seals came close alongside. They seemed to be
very curious to know what we were. All the spears on board were
repeatedly thrown at them, but they had the good sense to keep just out
of range. Whistling had the effect of enticing them close aboard, but
the sight of a spear or two being aimed at them would cause them,
without any apparent effort, to increase their distance by 20 or more
feet.

The first seal captured by the Olsen was on August 4 in latitude 579
50’ north, longitude 173° 48’ west, the same position recorded on the
previous day. At 8.45 a, m. sail was made and at 10.45 the boats were
lowered, 2 “sleepers” having been seen. The weather being foggy
the boats were soon lost to sight. ‘The vessel was hove to, it being
much easier for the boats to keep the bearing of the vessel than for
the vessel to keep track of the boats.

As soon as the boats had left, a hand line was put over in 70 fath-
oms of water. An hour’s fishing resulted in 18 cod, the average
weight of which was about 12 pounds; the largest weighed not far from
30 pounds. All but 2 of the cod were in a healthy condition; these
2 had sores on their backs about the size of a half dollar, which had
eaten nearly to the back bone. This instance is especially mentioned
on account of the position of the sores. In both cases they were situ-
ated near the neck directly over the vertebra; they were as round and
smooth as if cut with a knife.

Notwithstanding that the fog did not lift during the day, the boats
remained out until9 p.m. The result of the day’s hunt was 12 seals,
4 males and 8 females. One of the seals had previously been speared
in one of its flippers, as it was nearly severed from its body, showing
that the seal must have had a hard struggle to free itself. The largest
number of seals was taken by two boats, each bringing in 5; two other
boats captured 1 each, and the remaining two boats brought in nothing.
About 50 seals had been observed from the boats, the most of which
were awake. Only an occasional individual had been noticed during
the day from the vessel, the fog being too dense to see more than an
eighth of a mile. In no instance was the first seal thrown at captured,
and it was only after repeated attempts by each hunter that one was
hit. The excitement produced by the desire of each hunter to be the
first to capture a seal, combined with the inexperience of throwing the
primitive weapon, was no doubt the chief cause of the poor results.
The 8 females captured were all nursing seals: but little food was found
in their stomachs, and that was too much digested to determine its
character.

On the 5th the wind and weather were not suitable for sealing, a
very fresh southeast wind prevailing, and in order to keep our position
the vessel was hove to under easy sail. A large number of seals was
noticed. They apparently had no fixed course, but would swim in one
direction a half a mile or so, and then turn and go in an opposite way.
The wind continued fresh, with a rough, choppy sea until the following
noon, when the fog which had come in during the night lifted and the
wind suddenly subsided into a calm. The boats were put in readiness
and sent out for an afternoon’s hunt. Considering the state of the sea

116 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

and the time of starting, a fair afternoon’s work was done, 19 seals
being landed on deck by 8.30 p.m. Fifteen of the number were females
and 4 males. Only 6 had food in their stomachs. Every hunter
reported seals numerous, about half of the number being asleep.
They slept in bunches of 6 and 8, and when aroused from their slum-
ber were very tame, but owing to the inexperience of the hunters with
spears in a comparatively rough sea, the successful throws were few
and far between. Had the hunters been provided with shotguns,
instead of spears, it is safe to say that a hundred or more seals would
have been nearer the day’s catch. During the absence of the boats a
large number of traveling seals had been seen from the vessel, and also
an occasional “sleeper.” One of the latter was observed close aboard
a little on our lee. It evidently was sleeping soundly, for neither the
slatting of the sails nor the blowing of the fog horn had the effect of
awakening it, and it was only when the scent of the vessel reached it that
it showed signs of life. After being fully aroused it did not exhibit any
great signs of alarm, but played about not far off for sometime. It
seldom happens that a seal will show such indifference to its surround-
ings as thisone. The captain and mate said they had never in all their
experience seen a seal sotame. The general opinion on board was that
it was due to there being no firearms used or hunting allowed in Bering
Sea for the past few years that caused the seals thus far observed to
show so little fear of man.

The largest catch during any one day was taken on August 7. The
day commenced with a gentle breeze from the south and a smooth sea.
A light fog hung low over the water, which prevented the boats from
being seen more than 20 yards. At 8 a.m. the last boat shoved off, and
they did not appear again until evening. The noon position of the
vessel. was latitude 58° 30’ north, longitude 173° 56’ west. In the
forenoon hand-line fishing was carried on. The depth of water here was
60 fathoms. Six good-sized cod were caught in quick succession; 2
males and 4 females. Their stomachs were well filled with food. In
the stomach of a large female was found an octopus which had recently
been swallowed, as its skin showed no discoloration. Cod were abun-
dant, and we could have filled the decks in a day’s fishing with a single
line. Their abundance may have been the cause of seals being plen-
tiful in this region. In the evening the boats all returned nearly at the
same time, bringing in 54 seals, 30 of which were females. Twenty-
four of the number had food in their stomachs. The material, how-
ever, was finely masticated and hard to identify, but a portion of it
looked very much like the flesh of cod. If this supposition is correct,
the question arises, Did the seals dive to the bottom in 60 fathoms and
bring their prey to the surface? Asa rule cod are found very close to
the bottom, especially in deep water, and it is not probable that they
were at or near the surface here. The most satisfactory evidence the
writer ever had that seals are deep divers was obtained two years ago
on the Fairweather Ground, a large bank off the coast of Alaska, while
on a cruise in the revenue cutter Corwin. We were about to return to
the ship, at the end of a successful afternoon’s hunt, when a large male
seal suddenly came up close to our canoe—not over 30 feet away—with
a very large red rockfish in its mouth, which it immediately proceeded
to devour. The fish was alive, and could plainly be seen struggling in
the seal’s mouth. Our position at the time was some 75 or 80 miles off-
shore from Yakutat Bay. We had no means of ascertaining the depth
of water, but it could not have been much less than 100 fathoms. The
red rockfish, like the cod, also generally swims close to the bottom,

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 117

although it may possibly sometimes feed near the surface. The writer
does not maintain that seals can go to the bottom in 100 fathoms, but
he does believe that they can dive much deeper thanis generally supposed.

All the hunters on this day reported seals plentiful, but could find
very few asleep. Had the sun been shining it is safe to say that the
majority of those with food in their stomachs would have slept during
the greater part of the day, for as a rule seals with full stomachs sleep
when the sun is out, the air warm, and the sea smooth, or comparatively
so. Their time of sleeping, however, is not always when conditions are
favorable, for after a gale of long duration they are frequently seen
asleep when the air is cold and the sea uncommonly high, at such times
being completely exhausted. It is not an infrequent sight during the
winter and spring months, at the end of a long and heavy gale, to see
seals sleeping soundly in a snow storm, the exposed portion of their
body being covered with snow. In consequence of the seals being rest-
less on this day, a great many of the 34 taken were what is known to
sealers as “ finners,” that is, about half asleep, rolling about and scratch-
ing themselves. Sometimes “ finners” are hard to approach, and at
other times very easy. A restless one will try very hard to take a nap,
but just as he gets comfortably fixed something disturbs him, and holding
his head up he will take a look all around as if danger were scented.
They are then difficult to spear.

Indians seldom pay any attention to moving seals when hunting with
spears; they think it a waste of time. White hunters, when they can
find no sleeping seals, frequently give chase to “ finners” and ‘ travel-
ers,” and in many cases are rewarded for their trouble. The hunters
on the Olsen soon found that few seals could be taken on certain days
if they only selected sleeping ones. Many haphazard throws were made
at Swimming and finning seals, the majority of which were failures, but
enough good shots were made to make the experiment a paying one.

For several days seals had been observed chasing some kind of fish,
and during this last day’s hunt they were quite plentiful. Only a
single individual would be seen; it would dart first in one direction
and then in another, and occasionally would make a desperate leap
out of the water. Presently a seal would be noticed not far off swim-
ming as rapidly and in as many different directions as the fish. On
the day in question 2 seals were speared just as they came to the
surface, each with one of these fish in its mouth. The seals did not
relinquish their hold when speared, but kept a firm grip until knocked
on the head. The fish proved to be Alaskan pollock. Both of the
seals were large males, one probably between 8 and 10 years old.

The two following days, August 8 and 9, the weather was too boister-
ous for sealing; wind southeast and every indication of a gale. We lay
to under the foresail in order to keep as near our position as possible.
A heavy sea set in from the westward, but the wind did not increase
above a strong breeze. Scattering seals were about each day, all trav-
eling to the westward. From observation we learned that during
stormy weather seals traveled in an opposite direction to the wind. In
a gale they are far more numerous on the lee side of the Pribilof
Islands than to the windward of them. When the wind is heavy and
the sea rough seals as a rule travel from the seal islands directly to
leeward or nearly so. Just how much the wind changes the course of
the main body of seals would be hard to say, but so far as our investi-
gations extended, in connection with the traveling herd which came
under our notice, we are inclined to think that seals within 100 miles
of the seal islands bound to the feeding grounds will, in most cases,

118 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

seek the grounds to the leeward of the group. Seals in a gale take
every advantage of wind and sea; it is necessary that they should, for
there is evidently a limit to their endurance.

On the morning of the 10th light winds prevailed, but a choppy sea,
combined with a long, rolling swell from the west southwest, rendered
it unfit for sealing, although scattering seals had been noticed. Two
days of idleness had made everybody on board anxious to get out in
the boats. In the afternoon the wind fell toa calm, and the boats were
put over in latitude 58° 27’ north, longitude 172° 46’ west, and remained
out until evening, bringing in only 3 seals. Very few were seen from
the boats, although they covered considerable ground during the day.
Seals were equally scarce in the vicinity of the vessel, only 6 being
observed. One of these, more bold than the others, kept circling
around the vessel, coming nearer each time. Finding that it was
inclined to be inquisitive its approach was encouraged by continual
whistling by those on board. It was finally enticed alongside and
captured, the spear passing through one of its hind flippers. It fought
bravely for life while in the water, but on being hauled on board its
power was greatly lessened. It did not, however, give up without a
desperate struggle to regain its liberty. At one period of the fight it
drove everybody from the main deck, and it was only when a noose was
thrown over its neck and its head hauled down to a ring bolt that it was
mastered and could be knocked upon the head. The catch of seals for
the day was 4,3 females and 1 male. The total catch to date had
been 69, 13 males and 56 females.

The next day, August 11, the boats made an early start. Mverything
looked favorable for a good day’s hunt, the wind being light and the sea
smooth—two things which are almost indispensable i in seal hunting. No
seals had been noticed during the morning, but it does not necessarily
follow that because none are observed from the vessel they are not about,
for it frequently happens that good catches are made under those cir-
cumstances. This was not one of those exceptional days, however, the
eatch amounting to only 15—3 males and 10 females. Seals had been
comparatively plentiful, but were not inclined to sleep and were too wild
toapproach. A piece of an Alaskan pollock taken from a seal’s mouth
was brought in by one of the hunters. <A series of trials was made
for bottom fish, but with negative results; we seemed to be drifting over
barren ground. The noon position on this day was 57° 42’ 38” north
latitude, 172° 52’ west longitude.

Our pleasant weather was about to be broken for a considerable
length of time, for the 12th began with a gale from the southeast,
accompanied by a heavy sea. We lay hove to under single-reefed fore-
sail and trysail. In the afternoon spoke with the schooner Teresa, of
San Francisco; also saw the schooner Kate, of Victoria, British Colum-
bia, a short distance away. Seals were frequently seen all through the
day. In the early part of the night the wind increased to a heavy gale,
but in the latter part it decreased in force and hauled to the west-
southwest. A heavy sea kept up all day. In the forenoon a vessel
was sighted low on the horizon. An occasional seal was observed.

On August 14 the weather was pleasant, but the wind fresh from the
westward. In the evening we boarded the schooner Fawn, of Victoria,
British Columbia, which reported losing a boat and three men on the
11th, but they were afterwards picked up. The Fawn had an Indian
erew and had taken 20 skins in Bering Sea. This news gave our
hunters considerable encouragement. The noon position was latitude
57° 37’ north, longitude 173° 14’ west.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 119

August 15 was marked with pleasant weather in the early part of the
day, becoming very squally in the latter part, with rough sea. Noon
position, latitude 57° 11’ north, longitude 173° 09’ west.

On August 16 we had variable weather; clear in the morning, thick
and squally in the afternoon, with very rough sea. But few seals were
seen. The noon position of the ship was latitude 57° 04’ north, longi-
tude 172° 30/ west.

At 7a,m. August 17 made sail and ran to the southward; wind
northwest and fresh, gradually decreasing to a light breeze in afternoon.
A heavy fog came in later in the day. Noon position, latitude 56° 54’
north, longitude 172° 45’ west. We continued on our course until 8
a.m. the next day, when we saw a Seal “‘finning” close by. A boat was
quickly manned and started in pursuit, but the seal was on the alert
and escaped. Shortly after this a “sleeper” was noticed not far off on
the weather bow. Another boat was hoisted out and rowed quietly
toward it, no attempt being made to throw the spear until within 20
feet. It was easily captured. Its stomach was found to be well filled
with food, which was no doubt the cause of its sleeping so soundly.

Later in the day all the boats went out, but returned at the end of
three hours with only one seal. The sea was smooth, with little wind
stirring, but the air grew suddenly chilly and the sky very cloudy,
which practically put an end to the chances of seals sleeping for the
day. The hunters claimed that had they been provided with guns the
day’s catch would have been at least 60 or 70 seals. On a day like this
when seals showed no inclination to sleep shotguns in the hands of
skillful hunters would have done very destructive work. In the early
days of pelagic sealing the hunters sought sleeping seals only, but they
have learned the movements of the seal so thoroughly that “ travelers”
and ‘‘finners” are almost as readily taken as sleeping ones.

Hand_-line fishing was carried on from the vessel in 60 fathoms of
water. In one hour 10 cod were caught, their average weight being
about 9 pounds. It was estimated that the largest weighed 30 pounds,
the smallest 4 pounds. In their stomachs were found small starfish,
prawns, squid, medusz, and a quantity of decomposed fish.

Unfortunately, this was our last day’s hunt, as from this time on we
had stormy weather and heavy gales. Eighty-four seals had been
taken—16 males and 68 females. All the females were nursing cows
except one, which wasa yearling. The last seal caught by the Olsen was
taken in latitude 56° 05’ north, longitude 172° 17’ west.

Early in the morning of August 19 the weather was pleasant, with
indications of a suitable day for sealing, but shortly after the wind
began to freshen from the southeast, gradually increasing in force and
hauling to the westward. We lay to under a double-reefed foresail,
encountering heavy squalls at times. Our noon position was latitude
55° 39’ north, longitude 172° 12’ west.

On August 20 there was a heavy gale from the northwest and a very
high sea running. We ran before the wind for three hours hoping to
escape the heaviest part of it, but no perceptible difference was felt. We
then lay hove to until 10 p. m., at which time we again kept off before
the wind, and ran until 10 a.m. the next day. About this time we saw
several seals, and soon after ran close to a bunch containing five, all
huddled together. It was evident that they were well tired out, or else
they would not have been asleep in such weather. Our noon position
was latitude 54° 38’ north, longitude 168° 01’ west. In the afternoon
we sighted several vessels.

On the 22d we bore away for Unimak Pass, the wind north-north-

120 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

west and blowing a gale, followed by a heavy sea. On the morning of
the 25d sighted the lower part of Akutan Island, the top of which was
enveloped in a heavy fog. All through the day seals were plentiful,
and many of them asleep. During the past few days enough seals
had been seen to induce a vessel to lay by and wait until the weather
should moderate, but the captain thought bad weather had set in for
the fall, and accordingly had made up his mind to go home. He made
a mistake in so deciding, for after we had lett and were on our way
home good catches were made by all the vessels that remained.

At 6 o’elock in the evening we had left Unimak Pass behind us and
were Standing on an east by south course. The next day, when about
75 miles from the pass, saw a sleeping seal, and 10 miles farther on
saw two more. When about 200 miles off shore salmon were noticed
jumping. They were so near that we could hardly mistake the species.
Whales were also plentiful. For the first two or three days after leav-
ing Bering Sea the weather was pleasant, but during the greater part
of the voyage home heavy gales from the westward prevailed. On the
evening of September 6 we arrived at Victoria, having been twelve
days on the voyage home.
|The writer was very kindly treated by the captain, officers, and crew
of the Olsen, who did everything in their power to forward his inquiries.
‘Had the Olsen encountered the favorable conditions which many of the
vessels did, much more extensive and important observations could
have been made. It was subsequently learned that during the time we
were having exceedingly stormy weather, often hove to in a gale, many
vessels of the fleet operating several degrees farther south were hay-
ing pleasant weather and making good catches every day.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SEALING CRUISE OF THE LOUIS OLSEN
| ON THE JAPAN COAST IN 1894.

The schooner Lowis Olsen, of Astoria, sailed on a sealing voyage,

bound for the coast of Japan, January 1, 1894. Like the majority of
sealers intending to hunt on that coast, she made a southern passage,
‘going to the southward of the Sandwich Islands and close to the Bonin
Islands. Sealers frequently call at the latter group for water and make
such repairs as may be needed. These islands are situated not far from
the sealing ground where seals are taken early in the spring.
_ The boats were lowered for the first time on March 12. The next day
and the following one 74 seals were taken. On the 16th a heavy gale
from the southeast came on, but subsided on the 17th, when hunting
Was resumed.

On March 22, in latitude 37° 44’ north, longitude 144° 02’ east, a
schooner was sighted bottom up, which proved to be the sealing schooner
Mascot. She was afterwards seen by other vessels, and attempts were
made to cut through her side and secure the skins, of which, it was
understood, there were about 500 in her hold, but without success.

It had been noticed that the current was very strong and very irregu-
lar, making it difficult to trace the vessel’s track by dead reckoning.
On the 25th a clear sky afforded the opportunity for a good observation,
and it was found that the current had carried the vessel 75 miles to the
north-northeast, although she had been headed southwest by south.
An irregularity in the currents was subsequently noticed on all parts
of the coast visited.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. T2E

On March 26, in latitude 38° 39/ north, longitude 144° 27’ east, a seal-
ing boat was discovered bottom up, painted green on the outside and
red inside. It had been hove to, with mast, sails, and oars out, for a
drag. <A shotgun, a ‘‘ sticking” knife, with the letters *‘W. B.” cut in
the handle, and a seal skin were found in it, the skin being considerably
decayed.

We spoke the schooners Lillie L., of San Francisco, and Penelope, of
San Pedro, on March 28 and 31, in latitude 39° 02’ north, longitude 1449
44/ east. Heavy gales prevailed until the Ist of April. Fair weather
continued until the 9th, during which time 210 seals were taken.
Stormy weather again came on, which lasted for three days. On May 11
spoke with the schooner Casco, of Victoria, in latitude 39° 43’ north,
longitude 142° 54’ east. Very little sealing was carried on until the 18th.
On the 19th, two of the boats went astray in latitude 37° 02’ north,
longitude 146° 03/ east, and no tidings of them were obtained until the
26th, when the schooner Kute and Ann, of Victoria, was spoken and
reported that they had been picked up by the schooner Penelope, of
Victoria.

Sealing was carried on till May 3, when a heavy gale came on, which
continued until the evening of the 7th, at which time the Olsen sailed
for Hakodate. In the afternoon of the next day she entered the Straits
of Tangar, and in the evening came to anchor in the above-mentioned
harbor.

On May 16 sealing was again commenced in latitude 40° 55’ north,
longitude 142° 58’ east, when she also spoke with the Dora Siewerd,
which reported having 1,300 skins. The following day fell in with the
schooner Penelope, and received on board the hunters that went astray
on April 19. On May 26 picked up a boat and crew belonging to the
schooner Hnterprise, of Victoria, in latitude 41° 50’ north, longitude
142° 26’ east. The next day spoke with the schooner Umbrina, of Vic-
toria, which had taken 2,100 skins.

Hunting was carried on without interruption until June 10, the total
number of skins taken up to date being 1,055. No more hunting was
done on the Japan coast. On June 25 the Olsen arrived at Attu
Island and on July 15 at Unalaska.

I was informed by the captain and hunters of the Olsen that full nine-
tenths of the seals taken on the Japan cruise were females, and that it
is very seldom thata bull is killed. I have since talked with a number
of hunters belonging to other vessels, and they all say that the Japan
catch of seals consists mostly of females. A few more males are found
at the Copper Islands, but the percentage there is small.

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OBSERVATIONS DURING A CRUISE ON THE DORA
SIEWERD, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1895.

By A. B. ALEXANDER.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

U.S. COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES,
OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER,
Washington, March 9, 1896.
S1r: I have the honor to transmit for your information a report by
Mr. A. B. Alexander, fishery expert of the United States Fish Com-
mission steamer Albatross, entitled, ‘‘Report of observations made dur-
ing a cruise in Bering Sea in the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd, in
August and September, 1895.” The preparation of this report has only
recently been completed.
Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL,
Acting Commissioner.
The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY,
Washington, D. C.

CRUISE OF THE DORA SIEWERD IN BERING SEA.

Pursuant to instructions from the Hon. Marshall McDonald, United
States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, to secure passage on a
pelagic sealing vessel for the purpose of making a cruise in Bering Sea,
with the object of gathering information concerning the pelagic habits
of fur seals, the methods employed for their capture at sea, their food,
the proportion of each sex represented in the catch, etc., I left the Alba-
tross at Unalaska, the middle of July, 1895, to await the arrival of the
sealing fleet. Subsequently accommodations were obtained, through
the kindness of Capt. H. F. Siewerd, on his vessel, the Dora Siewerd,
a schooner of 100 tons register, and one of the largest in the fleet. She
carried 18 canoes and 2 boats, and a crew of 36 Indians and 9 white
men. As two Indians go in a canoe, the spearsmen and boat steerers
were equally divided.

The writer went on board the Siewerd in the evening of July 27, but
owing to stormy weather she did not sail until the morning of the 31st,
getting under way in company with 27 other sealing vessels. The wind
being light we were obliged to anchor off Ulakhta Head. Hand lines

123

124 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

were put over here and fishing carried on for two hours, resulting in
the capture of 22 cod and 4 halibut.

Early in the afternoon, with a ight wind from the eastward, we worked
toward Cape Cheerful, which, the next morning (August 1), bore south-
east 25 miles, the fleet by this time being considerably scattered. At
9 a. m. 2 sleeping seals were observed, and shortly afterwards the vessel
was hove to and the canoes put over. Each hunter among the Indians
was anxious to secure the first skin, a superstition prevailing that he
who kills the first skin at the beginning of a cruise will be attended
with good luck during the remainder of the season. No time was lost
in getting the canoes in the water, as a number of other vessels in sight
had already lowered their boats. After the canoes had gotten about 2
miles ahead, the vessel followed in their wake; and as the day was clear
they could be seen for a long distance. Occasionally a sail would be
seen to lower, which indicated that the canoes were among seals.

Before entering into a discussion of the details of my observations it
may be well to state that the positions of each day’s catch will be found
in appended Table No.1, the same corresponding with those given in
the vessel’s official log. The noon position each day is shown in Table
No. 2, in which is also recorded the direction and force of the wind,
the barometer reading, and the temperature of the air and water.
The temperature of the water was taken 5 feet below the surface. The
material found in the stomachs of seals has been labeled with reference
to the noon position.

In the afternoon we passed numerous patches of seaweed and kelp.
In a few instances seals were seen with their heads and flippers thrust
up through this floating material. Occasionally they would dive and
swim a short distance, soon returning to the surface, however, rolling
over and over in the tangled seaweed, but sometimes stopping in their
play on the alert for danger. When on sealing ground, hunters always
carefully inspect floating seaweed, and, as aruie, if there are seals about,
they are almost sure of finding one or more in each large patch. Late
in the afternoon we passed close to such a patch, covering a considera-
ble area, in which 6 seals were playing. They paid no attention to the
vessel, although within 100 yards of them. A hunter with a shotgun
could have captured 2 or 3 of the number, and an Indian with a spear
would have secured at least 2.

At 5 p.m. the canoes returned with a catch of 42 seals. Three of
the males were about 5 years old, all the others of both sexes being
from 2 to 4 years old. Their stomachs were nearly all empty, a few con-
taining some material, which, however, was too much decomposed to be
identified. The hunters reported seeing but few seals asleep, and these
appeared uneasy. Most of those observed awake were finning. No
great body of seals had been noticed, and in such pleasant weather, if
there had been many on the ground, 18 canoes and 2 boats could have
picked up 100 or more. This number of boats, traveling, as they do, in
a path from 10 to 15 miles wide, must necessarily see nearly every seal
within that belt. The few seals seen traveling to-day were going toward
the northwest.

The chief of the tribe reported hearing the discharge of firearms a
short distance to windward of his canoe, but he could not tell to what
vessel the boat belonged.

The next day, August 2, the boats were lowered at 7 a.m. The
weather bid fair for a successful day’s hunt, the wind being north-
northwest and light, and the sea smooth. In the early part of the fore-
noon we jogged close to 3 seals playing. Frequently they would roll

CANADIAN SEALING SCHOONER DORA SIEWERD, BERING SEA.

CANADIAN SEALING SCHOONER KATHERINE.
(Formerly called Black Diamond.)

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 125

over several times, stop suddenly to scratch themselves, and stand
upon their heads with their hind flippers about 2 feet out of water.
They repeatedly performed this operation. When quite near them one
of the seals lifted its head up, but the sight of the vessel caused no
alarm. Having no boat to lower or spear to throw, a loud noise was
made by shouting and beating upon a tin can. This did not have the
eflect of frightening them, but a light thump on the rail of the vessel
caused them to dive instantly, and when next seen they were about
2u0 yards away. Pausing to look at the object which had frightened
them, they then swam rapidly away in an easterly direction.

From the above it would appear that seals are ordinarily but little
frightened by the presence of vessels, provided they are to leeward of
them. Had we been on the windward side the seals would have taken
alarm almost instantly, and would either have dived or swam rapidly
away.

At 1p. m.a heavy fog bank appeared in the northwest, and shortly
afterwards the canoes and one boat returned. The other boat had evi-
dently gone astray, but as the weather was smooth no great anxiety
was entertained for her safety. Forty-five seals were brought on board,
26 being males and 19 females. All the females except 2 were with
milk. Their stomachs were mostly empty.

Through the night the weather continued foggy. Early the next
morning, August 3, a sharp lookout was kept for the missing boat, and
also for seals. Noattempt had been made to lower the canoes although
the sea was comparatively smooth. The light fog which hung over the
water, in connection with the fact of the missing boat, caused the
Indians to hang back. At 7a. m.a sleeping seal was observed under
our lee close aboard, but not in a position to detect us by the sense of
smell, A canoe was soon launched and started in pursuit, but the short,
choppy sea made it somewhat difficult to capture it. In calm weather,
or at times when there is only a light wind stirring, a canoe in approach-
ing a seal is generally paddled directly from the leeward, but in a
choppy sea, such as prevailed on this occasion, an Indian always
approaches side to the wind, which brings the canoe in the trough of
the sea and prevents it from making any noise that would disturb the
“sleeper.”

About noon the missing boat returned, bringing the skins of 2 seals,
1 male and 1 female.

At 1p.m. another sleeping seal was observed close under our lee.
In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred a sleeping seal will awaken when
a vessel is close to it to windward, but not so with this individual, for
it slept on wholly unconscious of danger, and was easily captured. At
this time the weather showed signs of clearing, and soon afterwards the
canoes were lowered. The vessel continued jogging to the westward
under sealing canvas. One vessel was in sight. Three hours later the
canoes began to return, the wind having increased in force, accompa-
nied by achoppy sea, which prevented seals from sleeping. They were
reported scarce, and the few taken bore out this statement. The day’s
hunt amounted to only 13 skins, 6 males and 7 females. Four of the
females were with milk. Two of the males were quite large, about 5
years of age or over, the others from 3 to 4 years. Very few seals had
been observed from the canoes, and those noticed awake were traveling
to the southwest.

In the morning of August 4 the weather was foggy and the wind
northwest and moderate. White hunters would not have hesitated
about going out in this kind of weather, but the Indians indulged in

126 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

eonsiderable unnecessary talk and paid no attention to a few scattering
sleeping seals that were observed among patches of seaweed. It was
only when an occasional glimpse of the sky was seen through the
clouds and fog, and indications of good weather were plainly visible,
that the Indians showed a disposition to hunt. At 10 o’clock all the
boats went out. Atthe time of lowering two other sealing vessels were
in sight. During the absence of the canoes no seals were observed from
the vessel. although floating seaweed was plentiful.

The canoes returned early in the afternoon, on account of a heavy
fog bank which suddenly shut down. Only 16 seals had been taken, 8
males and 8females. Their stomachs were entirely empty, which would
seem to indicate a scarcity of surface fish in this locality. One of the
hunters spoke the schooner Annie OC. Moore, which reported having
taken 65 seals, a comparatively poor catch, considering that the weather
had been fairly good.

The following day (August 5) the weather was not suitable for seal-
ing, owing to fog and mist most of the time. The wind was from the
west-southwest to east-southeast, gradually increasing from a gentle
to a fresh breeze, accompanied by a sea sufficiently choppy to prevent
seals from sleeping. One “sleeper,” however, was observed from the
vessel and captured.

On stormy days a lookout is kept by the hunters, and the one who
first sees a seal is entitled to stand in the bow of the canoe as spears-
man. At such times three men go in a canoe, the weather usually being
too rough for one man to manage it. No selection of canoe is made,
the most handy one being used, and also the first spear that can be
gotten hold of.

In the afternoon we stood to the east-southeast 18 miles, and during
the night to the south by west 17 miles, sighting Unalaska Island on
the morning of the 6th. The weather was stormy and blowing a mod-
erate gale from southeast, with falling barometer. The noon observa-
tion placed us in latitude 55° 01’ north, longitude 168° 07’ west, which
showed that we had been in a strong southerly current for the past
twenty-four hours. Later in the day we ran 19 miles on a northwest
course and hove to on the port tack under a two-reefed foresail and
fore-staysail and trysail. In the evening we passed close to the
schooner San Jose. During the night the wind hauled to the south-
west and decreased in force to a very fresh breeze. At times during
the following day the sea was very rough, not wholly due to the wind,
but caused by a strong current running to the southward. At noon
the fog and clouds cleared enough to enable us to get an observation—
latitude 54° 56’ north, longitude 167° 27’ west. In the afternoon we
stood to the northward at a rate sufficient to offset the effect of the
current. Late in the day we spoke the schooner Walter L. Rich, which
had taken only 65 seals. She had been cruising to the westward of our
present position, near the 60-mile zone, and while in that region had
seen but few seals.

Toward evening two young seals played about the vessel for some
time. They were enticed quite near by whistling, but not close enough
to spear. It is only rarely that seals are speared from the deck of a
vessel. The young will often approach very near and play about, some-
times for an hour or more, but keeping out of reach. Occasionally,
however, their curiosity overcomes their customary prudence, and at
such times they are generally captured.

In the morning of August 8 there were indications of clearing weather,
with rising barometer and an occasional clear spot in the sky. A dozen

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SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. a §

or more seals, in bands of three and four, were noticed, causing con-
siderable commotion among the Indians. <A week of the sealing season
had already passed, and only a few seals had been captured, in conse-
quence of which the Indians were becoming restless. At 8 a. m., wore
ship and shook the reef out of the foresail, but in a short time the fog
again settled down, and remained so for the remainder of the day.

In the afternoon we saw quite a large number of seals, more than at
any time since entering the sea. They were not moving in any par-
ticular direction. Orcas or killer whales were plentiful, and kept close
to the seals, but they did not have the effect of driving them from the
ground. The sealers claim that the orcas destroy large numbers of
seals annually, especially in and about the numerous passes through
the Aleutian Islands and off the coast of Japan. Many hunters say
that when out in their boats it is not an unfrequent occurrence to see
oreas devour seals. GCne hunter on board of the Siewerd informed me
that on two occasions, off the Japan coast, orcas attempted to take the
seals that he had shot. During the afternoon we saw five other sealing
vessels.

On August 9 the canoes were put over for the first time in five days.
The white hunters made a start at 9 a. m., the weather having moder-
ated, and being prompted so to do by the sight of a sleeping seal.
The Indian hunters held back for a time, but several other seals being
observed, the remaining canoes were lowered. During most of the time
while the hunters were absent, numerous birds and whales and several
porpoises were observed about the vessel. Early in the afternoon the
wind began to increase in force and the canoes to return. By 4 o’clock
they were all on board, having secured 20 seals, of which 13 were males
and 7 females. The stomachs were nearly all empty, a piece of squid
being taken from one and a few fish bones from another. One of the -
females had lost a hind flipper, and shot were found in two of the skins.
One of the seals represented by these skins had been recently wounded,
the other probably some time early in the spring, the shot being found
encysted. All of the females were in milk; the males were all young
bachelors.

Two vessels, the F. M. Smith and Saucy Lass, were in sight at the
time the canoes returned. The captain of the former came on board
and reported having taken 105 skins. He also said that the schooner
Triumph had obtained 283; Maud S., 240; C.D. Rand, 100, and the
Saucy Lass between 60 and 70.

On the following morning (August 10) the weather was cloudy and
cool. At 7 o’clock the canoes and boats started out; at the time of
their going the sea was long and rolling, and the temperature of the

water 2 degrees below that of the air. When the air is a great deal
colder than the water, experienced hunters do not, as a rule, expect to
find many sleeping seals. They state, however, that there are excep-
tions to this rule, but in most cases extra cold air makes them restless
and very difficult to approach within spearing distance; but with shot-
guns they may, when in this condition, be killed with comparative ease,

In the middle of the forenoon two ’ vessels were sighted. Only one
Seal was noticed from the vessel. This individual was ‘‘mooching,” a
term used by the hunters to indicate swimming at the surface of the
water with only a very small portion of the body exposed, occasionally
thrusting the head out far enough to breathe. Seals frequently swim
this way on raw, cold days, when they may readily be shot with guns,
but are not easily approached with spears.

At 2 p.m. the Indians began to return, much earlier than they should

128 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

have done, having lost patience and become discouraged. They lack
the persistence and judgment of the white hunters, and will give up
the chase on the slightest pretext. The latter, on the contrary, will
remain out as long as a chance remains of adding another skin to their
eatch. One hunter, however, had secured 14 seals, the largest catch of
any one canoe since entering the sea. The total number of seals in the
day’s catch was 73, 18 being males, and 55 females. Their stomachs,
like those previously examined, contained but little food; only a few
pieces of fish and fish bones were found. In one of the canoes 3 female
seals had been skinned; of those brought on board 3 were without
milk. When asked if the seals skinned in the canoe were in milk, the
Indians said they had not noticed. If the condition of the seals had
been observed the same answer would have been given, for as soon as
these Indians learn that certain information is wanted they are very
reticent, and but little dependence can be placed in what they do say.
Seemingly they have been taught to look with suspicion on every
person in search of sealing data.

The canoes that went to the northwest of the vessel were more suc-
cessful than those that went in other directions, and the one that
brought in the 14 seals hunted about 6 miles to the northwest of all the
other canoes in that locality. A great many traveling seals were
observed, all bound to the northward. Nearly all information concern-
ing the direction in which seals were traveling was obtained from the
white hunters. Indians, as a rule, pay but little attention to traveling
seals, generally attempting to capture only those that are asleep, but
sometimes they will endeavor to spear them when rolling and finning.

In two of the seals taken shot were found, the wounds being com-
paratively fresh—not more than a week old.

On August 11 the canoes and boats went out at 5 o’clock, light
wind and cloudy weather prevailing all day. In the afternoon sleeping
seals, two and three in a bunch, were frequently observed from the
vessel. Whales were plentiful from sunrise until dark. The smoke of
a revenue cutter could be noticed to the southwest all the morning,
the sight of which caused our canoes to hover much nearer the vessel
than usual, the Indians having a dread of all Government vessels. At
10 a. m. a canoe belonging to the schooner TVriwnph came alongside
with 5 seals. Our canoes began to return at 5.30 p.m. and continued
to come in until 7 o’clock, when the last one arrived. The largest catch
was 10 skins and one canoe obtained nothing. Sleeping seals were
reported in small bunches from 1 to 2 miles apart. The hunters who
happened to be near these bunches did fairly well, but a few miles to
the southwest only few seals were found. Traveling seals were also
plentiful among the bunches. Considering the fine weather prevailing
and the number of seals observed from the vessel the catch was com-
paratively small, only 89 having been taken—10 males and 79 females.
Sixty-five of this number were examined. The stomachs in 49 were
empty, 13 contained liquid matter, and 7 material which it would be
possible to identify; the latter was preserved. A large number of
canoes hunting on the same ground tends to destroy the chances of a
good catch by any of them. Canoes from other vessels were in close
proximity to ours and none of them did well. This day’s catch was
made 12 miles north and 9 miles west from that of the day before.

On August 12 the hunters made an early start, the weather being
cloudy and cool, the wind from the westward and light; sea smooth;
temperature of air and water the same. Later in the forenoon a heavy

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SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 129

fog bank threatened to envelop us, and shortly after noon it came in
thick, causing all the canoes to return, having obtained only 15 seals.

On August 13 the weather was unsuitable for sealing, being cloudy
and threatening; the wind fresh from the southwest and west southwest.
In the morning we were in company with the schooners Triumph and
Sapphire, of Victoria, the former having taken 500 skins and the latter
450 skins. Captain Siewerd and the writer went on board of the Sap-
phire. It had been noticed that the water about us was very dark in
color, much darker than usual, and it had also been observed that in
localities where we had taken the most seals the water had been the nost
discolored. Captain Siewerd had on more than one occasion noticed
that seals frequent water of this character in considerable numbers, and
had noted the fact in his log. Captain Cox, of the Triwnph, stated that
when in Bering Sea last year he got most of his catch in this locality,
namely, latitude 54° 56’ north, longitude 168° 15’ west. He found seals
at the commencement of the voyagein water very much discolored, and
he endeavored to keep in such water as muchas possible. This experi-
ment resulted in his averaging 126 seals for each time the canoes were
lowered during the month of August, 1894. On the strength of meet-
ing with such good success, he has been cruising this season on the
same ground, and is now more convinced than ever that seal life is
more abundant in discolored water than in clear water. Captain Cox
attributed the poor catch of seals on August 11 to the great number of
canoes roaming over a comparatively small area. On the day mentioned
the Sapphire took only 68 seals and the Triumph 73. A few days before
a large bull seal was captured by the Sapphire with twospears embedded
in its body.

On the forenoon of the next day (August 14) the weather did not bid
fair for sealing, the sea being choppy and the wind fresh from the west-
southwest. No seal life was observed until the middle of the day, when
one seal was noticed asleep not far from the vessel, and so soundly that
the flapping of the canvas did not disturb it. It was captured. Its
stomach was empty.

At 12.15 p.m. the weather began to show signs of moderating, and
soon afterwards the canoes were lowered in latitude 55° 3/ north, longi-
tude 167° 45’ west, where a number of seals were observed playing.
The good weather was of short duration, however, the canoes returning
by 3.15 p. m., a heavy fog having settled over the water. The white
hunters did not come in until nearly dark, thus showing the difference
between the two classes. The fog lifted in about an hour after the
Indians returned, but they could not be induced to go out again. In
several instances where Indians have become discouraged and wanted
to return home they have, in order to accomplish their purpose, broken
their spears and smashed their canoes, thereby breaking up the voyage.
Previous to about two years ago there was no law in British Columbia
regulating the conduct of Indian hunters on sealing vessels, and the
result was that every possible advantage was taken of the situation.
Under the law recently passed Indians are now held accountable as
much as white men for the success of the voyage.

The boats containing the white hunters brought back 4 seals, making
the total number for the day 30, of which 14 were males and 16 females.
The females were all adults, and with milk; the males were small, from
3 to 4 years old. Only three stomachs contained food. In one young
male’s stomach was found a number of squid beaks; in the stomach of

S. Doe. 137, pt. 2——9

#

130 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

a female, a piece of squid; and in another, material resembling partly
digested crustaceans.

The water through which we had passed was considerably discolored,
and the few seals taken were captured where crustaceans were the most
abundant. In the evening large flocks of guillemots, petrels, and auks
were noticed, apparently feeding. No small fish being noticed, it was
supposed that the birds were feeding on minute surface life.

On August 15 the weather was very pleasant, only light airs disturb-
ing the water, and a finer day for sealing could not be desired. By 5
a.m.all the boats had left the vessel, not returning until about the same
hour in the evening. <A considerable number of sleeping and traveling
seals were in sight most of the day. Those that were traveling were
not, so far as was observed, going in any oue direction. Sometimes a
bunch of two or three would suddenly start toward the southeast, swim
rapidly for a few minutes, stop, and go in an opposite direction. Fre-
quently four or five would make a complete circle around the vessel at
a distance of a quarter of a mile. In afew instances young seals came
and played about, diving and swimming, ete.

An abundance of seals was seen from the vessel, but as they occur
in bands more or less widely separated, it was not certain that the
canoes and small boats would get among them. All through the day
whales and birds were numerous and the water was very much dis-
colored, signs now looked upon as favorable indications for a successful
day’s hunt.

At4 p.m. the boats began to return and by 6 o’clock they had all
arrived except one. The day proved fairly successful, 99 seals having
been taken, 31 males and 68 females. Nine was the highest catch and
1 the lowest by a single boat or canoe. They were by far the largest
seals yet obtained, only 8 of the females being under 3 years of age.
All of the stomachs were examined, but only 10 of the number contained
food, some a small amount of liquid matter, and others Alaskan pollock
and what appeared to be pieces of cod.

In the evening the wind began to freshen from the east-southeast
and later the stars were visible for the first time since we had entered
the sea. Al] through the night the wind was fresh, causing a choppy
sea by morning. During this time we had worked 20 miles to the west-
ward. A sharp lookout had been kept for the missing canoe and a
torchlight was displayed at frequent intervals.

No boats were lowered during the day, the conditions being unfavor-
able. The wind did not blow hard at any time, but was strong enough
to prevent the seals from sleeping. In the afternoon we spoke the
schooner Louis Olsen, which had taken 30 seals the day before. At 4
p.m. we attempted to sound in latitude 55° 15/ north, longitude 168°
west, but got no bottom, although we were close to the edge of the
bank. Just before dark a young seal came alongside and began to
play about the vessel, first on one side and then on the other, affording
great amusement to the Indians. After a good many wild throws it
was captured and proved to be a female.

On August 17 a fairly good day’s work was accomplished. Light
airs prevailed from southeast and east-southeast, with frequent calms.
Light fog and showers occurred several times during the day, but they
were not heavy enough to prevent seals from sleeping. Early in the
morning a young seal came alongside and was taken. At 6 a.m. all the
canoes were lowered; after their departure no seals were seen from the
vessel. Karly in the afternoon a canoe belonging to the schooner San
Jose boarded us and reported that vessel as having 530 skins. At 7.30

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 131

p.m. our hunters returned bringing 85 seals, 28 males and 57 females.
All of the females were exceptionally large; the males were all young:
bachelors, from 4 to 5 years old. A careful examination was made of
the stomachs, only 6 of which contained food. In one stomach was:
found small pieces of squid, in the others small bones and pieces of
fish. The catch to-day was not very evenly distributed among the
boats, the highest bringing in 14, and four 1 each. .

On August 18 the wind was from the southeast by south to south-
southwest, decreasing from a stiff to a gentle breeze. The sea was
choppy in the morning, and a long rolling swell prevailed in the after-
noon. The weather was foggy and variable, all of which conditions were
unfavorable for sealing. At noon there were signs of clearing up, and
shortly after that the canoes were lowered in latitude 55° 51’ north,-
longitude 168° 32’ west. The Indians had no great desire to go out,
and probably would not have ventured had it not been that the schooner
Willard Ainsworth was a short distance away and had already low-
ered her boats. Five other vessels were also in sight. At the end of
three hours the hunters returned, having secured only 2 seals—1 male
and | female. Very few seals had been seen, the only “sleepers” being
the 2 that were captured. The others were traveling in various
directions.

The next day, August 19, rain prevented seals from sleeping. At 8
a.m. the canoes were lowered, but the weather did not give promise of
satisfactory results, even in case seals were plentiful. The canoes
remained out only two hours, returning with 2 males and 2 females.
Their stomachs, like those of yesterday, were empty. The mate of our
vessel while absent had boarded the schooner Florence M. Smith, and
learned that she had taken 546 seals. On the 15th she secured 160
seals; her position on that day having been not far from where we
hunted—latitude 55° 08/ north, longitude 167° 40’ west. He was also
told that our canoe which went astray on the 15th had taken 12 seals,
making our total catch for that day 111 skins.

Shortly after the boats returned a sleeping seal was observed close
aboard, and although it was raining hard it slept on, wholly unmindful
of the weather. Such an occurrence is very unusual, for it is seldom
that seals rest well while it is raining, unless they have become
thoroughly exhausted by a long spell of rough weather. Later in the
afternoon a few traveling seals were seen; they frequently changed their
course, but the general direction of their movements was northwesterly.
We had been in discolored water all day, but late in the afternoon we
suddenly jogged out of it into clear water. The noon observation, lati-
tude 54° 56’ north, longitude 168° west, indicated that we were in a
strong south-southwest current.

On August 20 a very satisfactory catch was made, the wind being a
light breeze from the westward, and the sea smooth. <A light fog hung
low over the water at times, occasionally clearing for the space of half
to three-quarters of an hour, which enabled the hunters to keep track
of the vessel. The boats were lowered at 4.30 a. m., at which time
seven other sealing vessels were in sight. During the afternoon we fre-
quently saw canoes lower their sails, indicating that they were among
seals. We could not tell to which vessel they belonged, as both boats
and vessels were well mixed up together.

One canoe returned early in the afternoon with 11 skins, and by 7
p. m. 111 seals had been landed on deck, 44 being males and 67 females.
Sixty-two of the latter were nursing females. All the males were from
4 to 5 years old except 2, which were about 6 years old. Squid and

132 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

pollock made up the bulk of the food found in their stomachs, a few
being gorged with it. In proportion to the number of seals taken,
however, only a few contained food. The squid and pollock were in a
comparatively fresh state. Krom the stomach of one male an eelpout
was taken.

It is a fact worth mentioning that all the seals taken by us to-day
were found in “streaks” of discolored water from 1 to 3 miles wide,
and extending nearly in a north and south direction. The character of
the water could hardly be accounted for by our close proximity to the
bank, for if such had been the case it would have been the same all
over. It had previously been noticed that these discolored bands ran
parallel to each other in northeast and southwest or northwest and
southeast directions. Water in this condition would not ordinarily be
noticed from the deck of a steamer unless on the lookout for it. The
mate reported seeing an abundance of Alaskan pollock jumping and
many traveling seals in pursuit of them.

Most of the seals taken to-day were captured asleep, only four hav-
ing been awake when speared. The latter wee ‘“ mooching.”

In and about the neck of a male seal were found several shot wounds,
with blood oozing from them. Another seal had a bullet hole close to
its right forward flipper.

On the morning of August 21 there was every indication of favorable
sealing weather. The sky was dark and cloudy, but the wind was light
and the sea smooth. The Indians went cut at an early hour. Not
long after their departure we spoke the schooner Agnes McDonald,
which had picked up our hunters who went astray on the 15th. The
McDonald reported having 900 skins. Her white and Indian hunters
were equally divided as to numbers, and the former had taken between
40 and 50 more seals than the latter.

The Indians of the Northwest Coast have always been of the opinion
that white men could never become expert in the use of the spear, and
this spring they ridiculed the idea when told that white hunters were
to be employed on a few vessels. If white men will only exercise the
same patience when hunting with spears as with shotguns, they will
soon become as proficient in its use as the Indians. Such a result
would be greatly to the advantage of captains and vessel owners, as
the Indians have had the opportunity heretofore of dictating their
own terms.

At noon a heavy tog settled down, causing the boats to return; but
fairly good results were obtained, 69 seals being taken—12 males and
57 females ‘The males were small, ranging in age from 2 to 4 years.
For bye -eight of the females were exceptionally large, 4 medium in size,
and 2 about 2 years old. The first mentioned were all with milk, the
others without. An examination of their stomachs showed that they
had been feeding largely on squid, Alaskan pollock, and salmon, a con-
siderable amount of which could not have been in their stomachs more
than a short time, as it was very fresh in appearance.

The mate reported seeing, while hunting, a small school of squid,
but observed no seals among them. The other white hunters noticed
numerous small fish jumping, and frequently seals in pursuit of them.
The fish could not be approached near enough to determine their
species,

At the time of lowering the canoes a dead whale was seen to wind-
ward, about 14 miles distant. We kept in sight of it all day. In the
evening, after the work of skinning had been finished, a party of
Indians went to it and brought back a quantity of blubber. The head

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 133

had been cut off. Numerous birds were hovering over the carcass and
many were feeding on it, but no seals were noticed near at hand.

On August 22 the boats were lowered at an early hour, the weather
being similar to that of the day before, with light and geutle winds
from the westward. At the time of lowering 4 other vessels were
in sight, directly to windward. This, of course, placed our boats in a
bad position, as a windward berth is superior to all others. When
following in the wake of other boats only poor results are to be
expected, as the windward hunters disturb the sleeping seals.

At noon a hunter on the Agnes McDonald, who came on board,
reported his vessel as having 920 skins, the highest catch for one day
having been 253, and the next highest 180. The 253 seals were taken
on the 15th, and not far from our position on that date. The hunter
informed the writer that on the day before he speared a large male
just as it came to the surface with a red rockfish in its mouth. The
fish was alive, and as it was not at all mutilated it was taken on board
and cooked. He also stated that he speared a sleeping seal close to
the floating carcass of a dead one. Indians claim that seals will not
remain where carcasses are floating, but this is not always true, for on
several oceasions we had noticed seals among such objects.

At 4p. m.a heavy fog set in, putting an end to further hunting for
the day. Forty-four seals composed the catch, 12 being males and 52
females. The males were all young bachelors and all the females were
in milk except 2. The stomachs of 33 were empty, 11 contained pieces
of squid, salmon, pollock, and numerous fish bones.

_In the evening we shaped our course to north-northeast, and during
the night ran 25 miles in order to get near our position of the 21st. In
the morning the weather was unfit for sealing, and as the day advanced
the chances grew less favorable.

At 10 a. m. we sounded in 90 fathoms, the first time we had been on
soundings since leaving Unalaska. At 4p. m. our longitude by obser-
vation was 168° 05’ west, latitude at noon 55° 28’ north, near where
the 69 seals had been taken on the 21st. In the evening we were
boarded by officers from the revenue cutter Rush.

On August 24 the weather was too variable to entertain hopes of suc-
cess at hunting. <A heavy, wet fog in the morning, combined with a
moderate breeze and choppy sea, prevented an early start. At 7.30a.m.
a slight clearing caused the canoes to be lowered. The signal gun was
kept firing at short intervals until 10 o’clock, when the fog entirely
cleared. The spell of good weather was of short duration, however,
for at noon a squall from the north brought all the hunters back. In
the short time that the boats were out 21 seals were taken. This was
encouraging, for it indicated that we were on good sealing ground.
Most of the seals captured were restless, few being sound asleep, or, in
sealers’ parlance, they did not ‘lay up” well. The mate came across
two seals sleeping side by side, one of which was speared. Instead of
the other one becoming alarmed and diving, as is usually the case, it
remained near its struggling companion until the latter was hauled
into the boat. The food found in the stomachs of the seals to-day did
not vary much from that recorded in those previously examined in this
locality, namely, squid, squid beaks, salmon, pollock, and fishbones.
The males were comparatively large; the females were all adults and
with milk.

During the night we stood to the westward 50 miles, and then hove to.

The weather on August 25 prevented sealing, being cold with a fresh
breeze from north to north by east, accompanied by a rough sea. The

134 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

vessel was hove to under sealing canvass. Excellent observations were
taken, it being the first time the sun had remained out for any length
of time since the cruise began. All day birds had been numerous, and
occasionally a sleeping seal was observed; sometimes two and three
were seen together. This, combined with the great number of birds,
assured us that we were on good ground. We frequently wore ship in
order to hold our position. In the evening rain squalls passed over.

On the morning of August 26, the wind and sea having subsided, the
canoes were lowered in latitude 55° 15’ north, longitude 170° 53’ west.
The weather was pleasant but cool, the air being 2 degrees colder than
the water. This difference, according to the theory of many sealers,
would cause seals to “lay low,” or, to put it in clearer terms, they
would sleep with less of their bodies exposed.

In view of the number of seals observed before the boats went out, a
large catch was anticipated, nor were we disappointed, for in the even-
ing when the last canoe had returned there were 157 seals on deck.

The opinions advanced to the effect that seals are more plentiful where
birds occur seem to be entitled to consideration, and it is very probable
that had we not heeded their presence yesterday, and had sailed by
them, our catch to-day would not have been large. Our captain had
become thoroughly convinced of the value of these signs after years of
experience.

The canoes were all back at 6.30 p.m., having been absent over twelve
hours. In the forenoon seals were inclined to be restless, but occasional
warm rays of sun in the afternoon caused them to sleep soundly. It was
noticed that a large portion of to-day’s catch was speared either in the
breast or back, close to the forward flippers, indicating that the seals
slept soundly, with their bodies largely exposed, which gave the hunters
an opportunity to strike the most vital part. Aside from the favorable
condition of the weather, the absence of other vessels from the ground
materially aided in increasing the day’s catch.

In only 12 stomachs was food found which could be identified, the
others being empty. In the full stomachs were observed squid, pollock,
and one piece of salmon. Fifty of the 62 males were 4 to 5 years old,
the other 12 about 3 years old. Ninety-two of the females were adults,
and 2 under 35 years of age.

All through the night of the 26th and the morning of the 27th the
weather was calm, or nearly so. At daybreak a light fog hung over
the water; in the middle of the day it cleared away. On the strength
of yesterday’s success the hunters went out at an early hour. From
the vessel scattering seals were observed all through the day. The
water was very much discolored, and whales and porpoises were abun-
dant, but there was a marked scarcity of birds as compared with yes-
terday. At noon a good observation of the sun was taken, which placed
us in latitude 55° 10’ north, longitude 170° 47’ west.

At 4p. m. the hunters began to return, and at 7.30 o’clock the last
one had arrived. The catch nearly equaled that of yesterday, amount-
ing to 146 seals, 68 being males and 78 females. It will be seen by this
that there are times when the sexes are nearly equally distributed, but
as a rule the majority of seals taken at sea are females. Sixty of the 146
seals were opened; food was taken from 6 males and 14 females, consist-
ing of squid, pollock, and a small quantity of fishbones. The stomachs
of the females opened contained a greater quantity of food than the
males. Thus far, in the examination of stomachs, it had been noticed
that those of the males contained much less material than the females.

Most of the males caught to-day were very young, 3 and 4 years old;

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 135

the feinales were much larger. Seventy-four of the latter were in milk;
those that were not were from 2 to 5 years old.

On the morning of August. 28 the weather looked favorable for a
repetition of the previous day’s work. The hunters were well clear of
the vessel at 5.30 o’clock, at which time another vessel and the smoke
of a steamer could be seen low on the horizon, In the middle of the
day a canoe belonging to the schooner James G. Sican came alongside
and reported that vessel as having 860 skins. nba the latter part
of the day the weather becaine threatening. The barometer had been
falling rapidly since noon, the wind had shifted from southwest to south-
east, and no seals had been observed from the vessel. At 6 p.m. the
hunters returned, bringing 57 seals. Two of the males were large, the
others were all small.

As. soon as the canoes and boats were hoisted in and secured for the
night, a single reef was put in the foresail and a reefed trysail set, and
preparations made for stormy weather. At dark the wind began to
increase in force, and by midnight it was blowing a moderate gale,
which continued until the following noon. Occasional heavy rain
squalls passed over, which kept the sea down somewhat. In the even-
ing two sleeping seals were noticed, which was unusual under the
circumstances.

In the morning of August 50 the wind had again increased to a mod-
erate gale, and since midnight had changed 2 points to the southward.
The sea was very rough; weather clear and sunny.

At 10 a. m. wore ship and lay to on the starboard under close-reefed
sails. Both in the forenoon and afternoon we saw scattering seals.
They were seemingly not bound in any particular direction, and most
of them were playing. One was observed asleep.

We had been in comparatively clear water all day, but late in the
afternoon suddenly jogged into discolored water. At 5.30 p. m. the
jib was set, and we stood on a southeast by south course, so as to give
the 60-mile limit a wide berth, the wind and sea for the past twenty-
four hours having carried us toward it. We worked to the south and
west all night. In the morning of August 31 the wind and sea had
gone down considerably, and one vessel was in sight. At noon we
were in latitude 55° 11’ north; longitude 170° 05’ west. We spoke
the schooner Enterprise, of Victoria, with 1,387 skins on board. She
reported the schooner Libbie, with 1,040 skins, and the Carlotta Cox,
with 600. The last-named vessel carried only 6 boats, and white hunt-
‘ers, which speaks well in their favor as seal hunters with spears.

Shortly after meridian we passed several sleeping seals, but the con-
dition of the weather prevented the hunters from going out. About
two hours later several more were seen, and at 4 p.m. we came across
a bunch of “sleepers.” At this time the weather showed signs of clear-
ing, and 7 canoes were lowered, but they were out only a short time
when the weather again became threatening. Eleven seals was the
result of this short trial, 5 being males and 6 females. They were all
very small and only one contained food. Four of the females were
without milk.

Through the day we had been in markedly discolored water, and the
other indications were favorable to the presence of a considerable body
of seals on this ground, which turned out to be the fact, as proved by
the results of the hunting on the following day.

The wind had been moderate all through the night, and in the morn-
ing of September 1 a light air was moving from the southwest, the sea
being smooth. The sky was cloudy and “the air cool, but as "the day

136 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

advanced it grew warmer. Whales could be heard blowing through
the night, and at daylight a number were seen close by; also immense
flocks of birds. At 5.30 a.m.the hunters started under very favorable
conditions, the sea being smooth and nothing in the atmosphere indica-
tive of a change. The wind being very light, the vessel remained in
one position most of the day. Numerous seals were observed, both
awake and asleep. The former were moving only slowly, seldom going
over 100 yards, and spending most of the time in finning, rolling, and
scratching themselves. In the afternoon we were boarded by the
revenue cutter Rush. At 5.30 p.m. the canoes began to return, each
one bringing a good catch, the largest amounting to 25 seals, the
smallest to 11. The total catch was 336. This was a phenomenal day’s
work, affording the greatest number of seals ever taken in Bering Sea
in one day, except that the schooner Sapphire in 1894 captured about
400 in the same length of time.

There were 120 males and 216 females. The stomachs of those opened
showed a remarkable scarcity of food. The material from 8 males
and 10 females was all that was in suitable condition to identify, and
consisted chiefly of squid, although pollock and what looked like cod
made up a portion of the food preserved. Taking into consideration
the amount of surface life observed from day to day, it has appeared
remarkable that so few seals should have food in their stomachs.

To-day both Indian and white hunters reported numerous seals, fin-
ning, rolling, and asleep. In the early part of the day they were inclined
to be restless, but in the afternoon the warm sun caused them to sleep
soundly, and so plentiful were they that sometimes it was a hard matter
to decide which one to spear first. Of course, where seals sleep so near
together, those in close proximity to the one speared are liable to be
disturbed, but there were enough others in the near vicinity to keep the
hunters busy without paying much attention to the disturbed ones.
They were reported as lying about like logs, as far as the eye could reach.
The hunters claimed that in all their experience they had never before
beheld anything like the sight presented. Small schools of squid, pol-
lock, and other fish were plentiful. One of the white hunters reported
seeing several Atka mackerel, and from the description given it is pos-
sible he was correct. The day had been a perfect one for sealing, and
no other vessels were on the ground.

During the night we jogged to the southwest 14 miles. In the morn-
ing of September 2 the hunters were out at an early hour, weather being
clear and pleasant, the sea smooth, and the wind light from northeast
by north. At 10 a.m. two of the canoes returned, the hunters claiming
that the air was too raw and chilly for seals to sleep well, there being
2 degrees difference between the air and water. Only a few seattering
seals had been seen, and they were rolling and finning. It was not long
before all the canoes returned, bringing altogether 10 seals—6 males and
4 females. Three of the latter were nursing females. Their stomachs
were comparatively empty, what little food they contained being of the
same character as on the previous day, namely, squid.

At 4 p.m.an observation of the sun placed us in latitude 55° 22/
north, longitude 170° 36/ west. At this time we saw several patches of
sea weed in which seals were finning and playing. We spoke the
schooner Hnterprise and learned that she had captured 236 seals on the
Ist, about 12 miles south of our position. We were also informed that
a number of other vessels had been very successful, which would indi-
cate that the seals covered a considerable area on that day and were
not wholly confined to our immediate vicinity.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 137

September 3 was cold and cloudy, the wind being northeast and fresh,
the sea short and choppy. <A few “mooching” and finning seals were
occasionally seen; no travelers were observed. At5 p.m. we spoke the
schooner Ainoko, which had taken 750 skins. For the past week she
had been cruising in the vicinity of Akutan Pass, but had not found
seals abundant enough to remain on that ground. Last season good
catches were made there. She was now bound to the westward in
search of a large body of seals which had been reported a few days
previous by the revenue cutter Grant.

We continued to jog to the northward for about 20 miles and then
hove to. All the afternoon scattering seals had been observed, most
of them in our wake. They would follow the vessel for a half hour at
a time, seemingly through curiosity. At times during the night seals
could be heard playing around us. In the morning several bunches
were noticed close by, a few playing, but the majority going in a north-
westerly direction. In the early part of the day the barometer began to
fall, the weather became threatening, with the wind east and sea rough.
At 10 a. m. wore ship and jogged to the southeast under snug canvas,
wind a moderate gale from the east-northeast. From daylight until
dark more seal life had been observed from the vessel than at any pre-
vious time since entering Bering Sea. Our attention was especially
attracted to the character of the water, which had the appearance of
being filled with minute surface life. Birds were numerous, and an
occasional whale was in sight.

During the next three days stormy weather prevailed, the wind being
east-northeast and blowing from a moderate to a strong gale; the sea
was heavy most of the time. On the morning of the 7th the wind had
subsided to a moderate breeze. During this long spell of boisterous
weather seals were frequently observed, some playing and others trav-
eling in a southwesterly direction. Birds were plentiful most of the
time. At noon on the 7th we were in latitude 56° 22’ north, longitude
171° 50’ west, and it was quite evident that we had encountered a strong
northwesterly current. At 8 p.m. wore ship and stood to the south-
east so as to give the 60 mile zone a wide berth. <A vessel cruising near
this line without getting an observation for several days, and having
no means of knowing the direction of the current, is very apt to be
from 30 to 40 miles out in her reckoning.

At 6 a.m. on September 8 the hunters were making preparations to
lower, the sea being smooth and a light breeze blowing from the east-

yard; the weather was cloudy. At 10 a.m. the hunt was interrupted
by a heavy, damp fog. Ten seals had been obtained—7 males and 3
females. Five of the former were between 4 and 5 years old; the other
2 were very small, about 1 year old; the females were all nursing cows.
The stomachs of these seals were nearly all empty. Only a few of the
hunters saw seals, and according to appearances there were but few in
this locality. Two of the boats rowed and sailed fully 15 miles each
without encountering a single one. Fish and other surface life were
correspondingly scarce. As our position—latitude 56° 35/ north, longi-
tude 172° 20’ west—placed us very near the bank, the scarcity of seals
was surprising.

While a number of the canoes were waiting alongside to be hoisted
on board a small seal came up in our wake, apparently attracted by the
blasts of the fog horn and remaining unconscious of danger until one
of the canoes had closely approached it and the spear had been poised
for striking. It was captured.

At 3 p.m. we made all sail and stood to the southeast. Shortly after

138 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

this the fog lifted for a short time and an observation of the sun was
taken, placing us in latitude 56° 32’ north, longitude 172° 45’ west.

The next morning we had made 50 miles in a southeast direction; the
weather was pleasant, the sea smooth, and the sky periodically clear.
A few seals were noticed early in the day. At 9 a. m. the presence of
3 seals, supposed to be sleeping, prompted two bunters to launch
their canoes, but they dived just as the spears were being thrown. The
appearance of seals, however, acted as an incentive for all the canoes
to go out, but they soon retur ned in consequence of fog. Nine seals
only were obtained, 4 being males and 5 females. Although fish were
reported jumping, nothing was found in the stomachs of these
specimens. .

In the night we had worked to the east-southeast, and in the morning
we were in ‘latitude 55° 50’ north, longitude 171° 49’ west. AtS ama
sleeping seal was speared close to the ‘vessel : its stomach was well filled
with food, consisting apparently of Alaskan’ pollock. At this hour the
weather Ww as very foggy and the Indians were not inclined to start.
Presently, however, the fog lifted somewhat and several more seals
wereseen. <A signal gun could now be heard, indicating that a sealing
vessel was near and that her boats were out. This circumstance stim-
ulated the hunters to action, and in a short time the canoes were
hoisted out. As the fog cleared birds, whales, and porpoises conld be
seen to the northwest, and also flocks of petrel on the water close by.
The season being now well advanced, the hunters were expected to take
advantage of every opportunity, and, moreover, on the strength of
their previous good success, they were quite eager to add a few more
skins to the number on board. The weather could no longer be trusted
for any length of time,and that proved to be the case on this day. At
11 a. mn. the fog became so dense that the captain was as anxious to get
the hunters back as they were to return. Seventeen seals composed
the catch, 5 being males and 12 females. Eleven of the females were
nursing cows, and the males were all young. One canoe obtained 5 of
the number, all of which were asleep and separated just far enough so
the noise made in capturing one did not disturb the others. A consid-
erable number of “rollers” and “ finners” was noticed, but the damp
fog seemed to prevent them from sleeping. Had the day been warm it
is probable that a good catch would have been secured.

In proportion to the number of seals taken, a greater amount of food
was found in their stomachs than on any previous occasion. Squid
and pollock mixed with crustaceans composed the greater part of the
material identified. Squid beaks were very conspicuous in every
stomach in which food was found. As in previous cases the stomachs
of the females were much better filled than those of the males.

The second mate while out hunting had boarded the schooner
Triumph, whose gun had been heard earlier in the day. She reported
having 1,800 skins. The day before she took 20 skins 30 miles to the
eastward of our present position. For the past few days she had been
gradually working to the westward, but only a few scattered seals had
been noticed. To-day her hunters brought in 42 skins. Captain Cox
expressed the opinion that if good weather should prevail for a few
days encouraging results would follow, as there was every indication
that seals were plentiful on this ground. The elements were against
us, however, and for the next four days the weather was rough and
boisterous.

On September 11 the wind blew a very fresh breeze, varying in
direction from south by east to southwest, accompanied by a rough
sea. No seals were seen, but many birds were about. During the

DECK OF THE DORA SIEWERD.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 139

night of the 11th and the morning of the 12th the wind increased in
force and hauled to the westward. The sky was filled with heavy
clouds, the air was raw and chilly. Occasionally we wore ship to hold
our position. Scattering petrels and other sea birds were frequently
seen, but only one seal was sighted during the day. At sundown the
barometer began to rise. In the evening the sky cleared and the stars
came out, but the sea continued heavy and was accompanied by a
flying seud.

On September 13 the wind varied in force from a light to a stiff
breeze, with changeable weather, 1ain, mist, fog, and rough sea, occa-
sionally clearing. Birds were plentiful, one of which was seen to dive
close to the vessel and bring up a fish about 10 inches long. In the
afternoon 3 seals were observed sleeping side by side, the vessel almost
running over them before they awoke. They must have been much
exhausted from loss of sleep in the recent gale.

In the morning of September 14 the wind had again increased to a
moderate gale. The weather was foggy and misty at times, with a heavy,
rough, and tumbling sea. Two seals were observed in the forenoon.
Near noon we ran into an area of discolored water, in latitude 55° 20’
north, longitude 171° 25’ west, in which were a number of seals. Not-
withstanding the very rough condition of the sea and the moderate
gale prevailing, several of them were asleep. Their bodies were but
little exposed, and it was only when we were quite near them that they
could be made out. The gale finally broke, and in the morning of
September 15 only a light, variable air was moving. The sea had also
gradually gone down with the wind. At 7.30 a. im. several seals were
observed and the canoes were lowered. Two sleepers were captured a
short distance from the vessel. At 11a m., however, a heavy fog and
mist settled down, accompanied by a cold wind from the northwest,
which had the effect of bringing back the hunters, all of whom were on
board at 1.30 o’clock, having captured 24 seals, 16 males and 8 females,
Pieces of squid were found in the stomachs of some of them. Fourteen
of the males were very small, and 2 between 4 and 5 years old. The
females were larger, 5 being with milk. The hunters reported seeing
a large number of seals rolling and finning.

Numerous birds and a great many whales were in sight all day. At
noon we were in latitude 55° 10’ north, longitude 170° 06’ west, which
was not far from the position where we had taken 157 seals on August
26 and 146 on August 27. The color of the water varied but little on
these dates, the strips of discoloration also running in the same gen-
eral direction. It would appear as though these bands of discolored
water were governed chiefly by the currents, being but little affected
by the wind. Late in the day the fog gave way to occasional rain
squalls. Birds were exceedingly abundant, and we frequently sighted
scattered seals, the most of which were playing. In the evening sev-
eral hail squalls passed over, after which the sky cleared.

Preparations were made to lower the canoes on the following morn-
ing, but the work was interrupted by the sudden breezing up of the
wind from the westward. In the afternoon the clear weather suddenly
changed to mist and rain, with an occasional squall. Only 2 seals
were seen, 1 asleep and the other playing. A canoe was lowered for
the “sleeper,” but it was lost sight of in the choppy sea. Whales and
birds were plentiful all day, and in some places immense flocks of pet-
rel were sitting on the water. They were evidently feeding on small
marine organisms, for as soon as we had jogged past they would settle
down in the same spot from where they had been frightened.

Early in the evening a sealing vessel passed to windward with her

140 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

flag set, indicating that she was homeward bound. The sight of this
vessel put the Indians in high glee, for the season was now getting late
and they were anxious to go home.

On September 17 the weather was a repetition of that of the previous

day. In the early part of the day we saw 9 seals cireling around in
various directions and occasionally rolling and finning. Observing
this number of seals from the vessel with a choppy sea running was a
good indication thet under better conditions they would be found plen-
tiful. Atnoon the weather showed signs of moderating, but the Indians
could not be induced to venture out on account of a few squally looking
clouds low on the horizon. At2 p.m. two white hunters started out,
but after a two hours’ hunt they returned empty-handed. Only 4 seals
had been seen, 3 finning and 1 asleep. At the time the boat left the
vessel the water was comparatively clear, but about 3 miles to the
northwest it came into very much discolored water, in which birds were
plentiful and a few fish were seen jumping.
* Early in the following morning, September 18, the canoes were low-
ered, the wind being light from the southeast and the sea smooth. The
barometer indicated no change, but in a short time the wind began to
increase. No seals were observed either by the small boats or from the
vessel during the day.

On September 19 the weather was similar to that of the previous
day. Four seals were seen, 2 asleep, the others traveling to the
north-northeast. The former did not awake until the swash of the
water from our bow struck them. In the evening we headed for Unimak
Pass. As the season was now late it was thought inadvisable to remain
longer in the sea. The condition for the last ten days had convinced
the captain that little, if any, more sealing weather could be expected.
ga Che next morning we sighted the schooner San Jose, which had made
a catch of 600 skins. Her captain came on board and reported that
until recently he had been hunting northwest of the Pribilof Islands.
In that region seals were abundant, but the weather had been too stormy
to operate. On September 13, in latitude 58° 30/ north, longitude 172°
30’ west, several hundred seals had been observed, but the sea was
too rough for lowering the boats. In the latter part of August the
San Jose had hunted near Unimak Pass, but few seals were found there.

At 10 a.m., the wind being light, 8 of the canoes were put over, but
at 2 p.m. adense fog settled down. Ten seals were secured, 4 males
and 6 females. They were all small, and their stomachs were empty.
On this ground birds were plentiful and one orca was observed. At
2.45 p.m. we continued on our course, and at 6 p.m. Cape Cheerful
bore abeam about 15 miles. The next day we were off the northern
entrance of Unimak Tass, four other sealers being in sight. In the
evening we cleared the southern entrance of the Pass and shaped a
course for Cape Flattery. On the morning of October 8 we anchored
off Ucleuet, an Indian village situated on the north side of Barclay
Sound, Vancouver Island, where most of our Indians belonged. We
reached Victoria on October 8, having been twenty days on the passage
home.

OBSERVING SEALS.

In sealing weather hunters do not wait until seals have been seen from
the vessel before lowering the boats. They start out as early as possi-
ble and search for them, as otherwise the catch of the entire fleet would
be small. Very often when no seals are observed from the vessel’s deck
the boats will be among bunches of them, only a mile or two away, and,
on the other hand, it sometimes happens that when scattered seals are

“SHONVO DNIMOLS JO YANNVW SNIMOHS ‘SVANVO WHOLS YSGNN GHAMAIS VYOd YANOOHOS ONITVAS NVIQVNVO

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 141

noticed from the deck the boats may be cruising over barren ground.
As a rule, however, the number observed from the vessel is smali as
compared with the number sighted from the boats. A vessel while jog-
ging will naturally frighten a great many which lie in her path; the
flapping of the canvas and the creaking and slatting of the booms
arouse the sleepers long before they can be seen, and give them ample
time to escape. In the early days of pelagic sealing the boats used to
be stationed at different distances and in different directions from the
vessel, and would drift, waiting for seals to come near. This method,
however, proving unremunerative, it was given up, and the hunters
began to cruise, which custom they have continued to follow ever since.

MANNER OF COUNTING THE SEXES.

Considerable controversy has arisen from the accounts rendered by
sealing captains regarding the proportion of male and female seals
taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. Previous to the
time when sealing vessels were required to enter the number of each
sex taken in their official logs little thought was given to this question,
and it was always claimed that the two sexes occurred in about equal
numbers. All sealers knew which sex predominated, but clung to their
original story, and there was no one who could controvert their asser-
tions, although there was every reason to doubt them. An order from
the United States Treasury Department requiring the catch of all
American sealers to be examined on their arrival in port was the
means of throwing considerable light on the subject, and the informa-
tion gained from this source fully established the fact of the great
preponderance of females.

It has generally been supposed by most sealers, and the view is still
entertained by many, that if it were known that a greater number of
females than males were taken it would greatly affect and possibly
restrict their privileges when the time came for a readjustment of
pelagic regulations. The fact has generally been lost sight of that the
condition of the rookeries at the end of five years will have the most
weight in deciding that matter.

That pelagic sealers should pay little attention to the sexes of the

seals taken was but natural, as they had no object in determining which
sex predominated, the thought uppermost in their minds being to cap-
ture as many seals as possible.
_ No check is placed upon the official logs of the Canadian sealers by
the custom-house officials at Victoria, who accept such records as
authentic. If the skins landed at Victoria were subjected to the same
rigid examination as those landed in United States ports, little or no
ditference would be found in the proportion of each sex represented in
the catch by the vessels of the two countries. It seems strange that
on several occasions when American and Canadian sealers have hunted
on the same ground and in close proximity to each other, the catch of
the former has always been composed largely of females and the latter
of males. There are days when more males than females are taken,
but such times are not frequent. It is only fair, however, to state that
a number of both American and Canadian sealing captains have
admitted the truth to the writer, and all United States hunters with
whom he has conversed admit that the majority of seals captured off
Japan and around the Commander Islauds are females.

During the season of 1894 the schooner Louis Olsen kept an account
of the seals taken off the coast of Japan, and it was found that out of
1,600 two-thirds were females. In 1895 the schooner Brenda obtained

142 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

896 seals on the same coast, fully two-thirds of which were also females, ~
according to the statement of one of her hunters. In nearly every
instance where the writer has spoken with hunters on this subject they
have admitted that in all waters where the northern seal herd is found,
with one exception, females largely predominate. This exception is the
Fairweather ground, where, a few years previous to the beginning of
the close season now in force, most of the pelagic sealing was carried
en during the month of May. On this ground, as recorded by the
writer in a previous report, is found a great number of large males,
and according to the statement of all sealers and of others it is now
quite well established that large breeding males frequent this ground
in greater numbers than any other known region.

It may be well to illustrate briefly a few of the conditions under which
the record of seals is kept. When seals are brought on board in small
numbers it is very easy to identify the sex, but when they arrive in
large quantities, a hundred or more, it requires considerable time to
examine each one, and sealers have, to them, more important duties to
attend to. It often happens that the hunters are forced to return on
account of bad weather or an approaching storm, at which times the
safety of the canoes and vessel is of more consequence than the deter-
mination of the character of the catch. When the boats and canoes
are being hoisted in, the officers and men are stationed at either side of
the vessel to do this work, as well as to keep the records, and, as is to
be expected, in the bustle and excitement a very correct account of the
sexes is not given. In many cases the seals are not examined at all.
By the time the last canoe is lashed on board the weather is rough and
stormy and the hunters are anxious to go below; and if it be dark the
seals will be left until morning for skinning. No further examination
is made, and, right or wrong, the first account rendered is accepted.
The fact of the matter is, that in only a few cases is the sex correctly
recorded.

Inaccuracies in this respect also result when the seals are skinned in
the boats. Upon arrival at the vessel the skins are at once thrown into
the hold without examination, and nobody knows or cares whether they
are male or female.

Although United States revenue cutters have the privilege of board-
ing vessels and overhauling the catch made in Bering Sea, the condi-
tions under which this work is carried on, however zealous the officers
may be,render it difficult for the sexes to be separated, and they return
to their ship little wiser than when they came.

CONDITIONS OF THE FEMALE SEALS TAKEN BY THE DORA
SIEWERD.

Of the 982 female seals secured by this vessel, 882 were opened and
examined by the writer. Of this number 839 were found to be adults,
and 668 were clearly in milk. Many of the remaining 171 may also
have been nursing females, which at the time of their capture had not
obtained sufficient nourishment to cause their milk glands to fill.

SEALS MADE SHY BY HUNTING.

Inquiry was made of several captains and hunters as to whether
seals were as easy to capture this year as last in Bering Sea. They all
give it as their judgment that seals were more difficult to approachth is
season than in 1894. Captain Cox, of the schooner Sapphire, said he

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 143

had noticed a marked ditference in that respect, and attributed it to the
hunting that had been carried on. In many eases they appeared to be
unusually shy when there was no apparent cause for it.

FOOD OF SEALS.

The material which has been found in the stomachs of seals taken in
ditferent parts of Bering Sea indicates that only a small percentage is
composed of fish which inhabit deep water. It is only reasonable to
suppose, however, that when seals are in shallow water they feed both
on bottom fish and on those swimming near the surface. A not uncom-
mon component of their food is the red rockfish, which occurs both in
deep and shallow water and possibly also near the surface at times,
which would account for its being found in the stomachs of seals cap-
tured where the water is 100 fathoms or more deep.

On August 22, 1595, in latitude 55° 04’ north, longitude 168° 35/ west,
the head of a macrurus was found in the stomach of a male seal. This
group of fishes inhabits considerable depths and much speculation
arose as to how it had been obtained by the seal. It was subsequently
learned, however, that the Albatross had been dredging in deep water
near our position from the 18th to the 22d, and during that time there
had been thrown overboard many rejected specimens, among which
were a number of macruri, which would be apt to float for some time at
or near the surface if not molested.

It has been claimed that seals will not eat dead fish, but this is a
mistake, for the writer has seen them devour salmon that had been
dead several days.

Surface fishes, and especially squid, seem to be the natural food of
the seal. In the stomachs that have been examined a variety of mate-
rial was found, such as pieces of Alaskan pollock, salmon, and other
fishes, but it has also been observed that in localities where squid are
plentiful very little other food may be looked for. I am informed by
hunters that on the coast of Japan and off the Commander Islands squid
occur in great abundance, and that it is not an uncommon sight to seea
half dozen or more seals together feeding on the tentacles of octopus
floating at the surface. Sealers usually find squid plentiful off the
island of Kadiak, and in that locality they have often been found in
large quantities in the stomachs of the seals.

WHITE HUNTERS AT A DISADVANTAGE.

The white hunters on the Dora Siewerd did not have the same oppor-
tunity of getting seals as the Indians for several reasons, one of which
was that, as a rule, they were the last to leave the vessel in the morn-
ing and the first to return at night. They were expected to hoist out
all the canoes, and in the evening to hoist them in again, stow them
away and lash them. Indians are useless in this kind of work, and
upon their arrival alongside, their duties have ended, as the skinning of
the seals devolves upon the steersmen.

The Indians, therefore, had every advantage in respect to hunting.
On leaving a vessel the boats nearly always form a line so that each will
have a clear space to windward. When all the boats start out together
they are all on an equal footing; but when one or two boats, as was the
case with our white hunters, are obliged to follow in the rear of others,
their chance of seeing many seals is greatly lessened, for they are hunt-
ing in water already passed over, but the situation improves as the

144 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

boats become more widely separated. Sometimes, also, a sudden change
of wind favors the last boats to go out and places them to windward, a
coveted position which they could not otherwise have secured, a wind-
ward position being always considered the best. In perfectly calm

weather one position is as good as another.

Record of the position of the vessel and of the catch of fur seals each day by the sealing

schooner Dora Siewerd during a cruise in Bering Sea in August and September, 1895,
showing also the number of each sex taken daily as entered in the official log of the vessel.

Date. \"iatitude. Longitude.| Males. | Females.| Total.
N. Wa

Aug. 54 28 167 08 36 6 42

54 41 167 51) 26 19 45

54 43 167 00 | 7 6 13

54° 37 167 20 8 8 16

54. 42 167 43 14 6 20

54 58 167 31 18 55 73

55 10 167 40 | 29 60 89

55 02 167 48 6 9 15

35 «(03 167 45 14 16 30

55 08 167 40 | 48 51 99

SJ aeaiccciace ieee GEeees (@) (a) 12

55 15 168 30 38 47 85

55 21 168 32 1 1 2

54 56 168 00 2 2 4

55 15 168 15 44 67 dil

55 28 168 05 26 43 69

55 06 168 38 20 24 44

55 (26 168 30) 10 ll 21

55 15 171 55 | 74 83 157

55 08 171 45 | 68 78 146

55 06 170 43 28 29 57

55 02 170 10) 5 6 il

Sept. 55 28 170 26 191 145 336

55 25 170 50 6 | 4 10

56 32 172 50 | 3 10

55 51 171 56 4 | 5 9

55 55 171 45 5 | 12 17

55 18 170 06 16 | 8 24

34 36 167 33 5 | 5 10

Sah bash rand Saitek Slee Nal bok alia halt Wile at 0 al LR 756 | 809 | 1,577

|

aOn August 15 a canoe went astray, but afterwards returned, bringing in 12 skins, of which the
sexes were not determined.

Record of the catch of fur seals and of the number of each sex taken daily by the sealing
schooner Dora Siewerd during a cruise in Bering Sea in August and September, 1895, as
determined by A. B. Alexander.

Date | Males. | Females.} Total. Date | Males. | Females.| Total.

| | |

1895. | 1895. |

ORS aM oho se eiate te Sets | 34 8 | ZOU Mane, OPeeeccepsooce | 12 32 44
DES ace 26 19 45 Dae Te kee | 10 11 21
SUSE Ie eal 6 | 7 13 OL pane Cee 62 | 95 157
(ere ebea pie ete | 8 8 16 TOR GR ahs 68 78 | 146
QTGE rity Tea | 13 i 20 Danes SOS aneR 14 43 | 57
NORE See es Saoeice | 18 55 73 Bilge er oy 5 | 6 | 1
eee ee se DIE A | 10 79 SOHNSepts le en ened cer 120 | 216| 336
Woes 2 ek Sak. aoae | 3 12 | 15 Dee ean ED 6 4 | 10
TA Se Cee 14 16 30 Rigas Tea 7 3 | 10
BEA eee No eeae 31 68 99 OR eee 4 5 | 9
a ae eee a (a) (a) 12 ik eee ONE | 5 12 | 17
Mere e ere me 28 | 57 | 85 || eee eeoeene 16 | 8 | 24
Toh i eee l 1 2 || QO EARS 4 6 10

TEE Ae AS AR 2 2 4 || ee
D0 SUR RS Res 44 67 111 || Motallea- eee 583 982 | 1,577

[Ua es CAC eS | 12 57 | 69 || |

| |

aOn August 15 twelve skins were taken, of which the sexes were not determined.

SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

145

Approximate ages of the seals and the number of nursing females taken during the cruise of
the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd in Bering Sea in August and September, 1895, based
upon examinations made by A. B. Alexander.

Sept.

Number
taken.

i

i) oa
mm 1b Doe bh

i]

ow
WR OO ON OS

BO

Females | Number
AE | of nurs-
Number | in

taken Age. a females.

: ae Heist
| Years.

5 ad. 5

3 piel oe RUS TN

item TT sOveA ara ainda: Gia
2 PS Sika eN Ses

6 ad. 6

1 Ry apart rece

4 ad. 4

4 Oi tsrteeyeearctas

7 ad. 6

With ey 0h po gt a eid
Poa RON ag aacesin’ © URGE
9 Viel eee

Ooi ad, 9

3 Qiiltrers eee

16 ad 16

ae ve GON Saale Wo5e:
8 Dye ere east es

] EU GaSe asec

57 ad. 35
ania al SS adaeh ee, hci,
2 ad. 2

67 | ad. 62
iar BA Seda y= sc 1ae
3 Obrleierseyome sree

Number
not exam-
| ined.
|
|

a All females above 2 years old are classed as adults, ‘‘ad.”

10

8. Doe. 137, pt. 2

146

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Record of physical observations made during the cruise of the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd
in Bering Sea, August and September, 1895, by A. B. Alexander.

Date.

Time of day.

Temperature.

Wind.

A Surface
Air. water. a

Direction.

Force.

Barome-

ter
reading.

Noon position.

Latitude. | Longitude.

a The temperature of the water was taken 5 feet below the surface.

SEAL LIFE ON THE

PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

147

Record of physical observations made during the cruise of the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd
in Bering Sea, August and September, 1895, by A. B. Alecander—Continued.

Temperature. Wind. Noon position.

Dat Time of day ney eee a ey a
date. me o é er

Air. Bumiece | Direction. Force. | reading. | Latitude. Longitude.

1895. 2) 9° Miles NE W:
Aug. 13! (Siasmiene ere == 48 45 SW.by W 5 30. 20 | 54 56 168 15
PPIs hoanoor 45 45 WSW 5 SOTO Mister see eeeecatc ce
14)" Siacanieeaaeet 46 44 WSW 5 SOHOSH etka acer ee loooSacoose
LO apmarsees ens 46 45 WSw. Bullets. oe ee I Np Ae A Se
UPN Ssesheces 48 45 SW. 4 30. 30 5d 08 | 167 45
Qip amie aeeee ss 47 45 WSW BN ee cistermcmien aoe Bays ers eaeeeaeaee
dope Tapes eect 46 45 WSW 3 BORON oes! sz.c82 0 eee so Se
Sipe see ae 46 45 WSW 3 BONSO Estate SPs smilie choca eee
15! | (Siaemieeee es 46 44 MC 1 BOSSI eases osetia. eee
LO}asomyseeerte 48 45 Var. JIS | ephw = ae eee Hatoterel sig ecWiem oe sts he cres
2 = 49 45 Var 1 30. 32 | 55 08 | 167 40
Qpl Me seei- t's = 49 45 Var 1G SA Seicd lees Nene ns Yale anes ee na
Uy ialilesscoased 47 45 SE. 1 BOW bee separ oad Sea aaBBaanae
Gipsimissee- == 46 45 ESE. Qillecwenceers ly eeise = Seee Ee cmickiasmics
{3 We. 2 soe soediasonsscHlbbascHonad lpoapocoeccbocoonllapponeon SOROS ieee a aa ane sate cron
LON iSiaamieeeece 48 44 SSE. 6 SONOON Been tessa eceoc ste cee
UPD osdagoeces 47 44 SSE. 4 30. 00 58 07 168 10
Pols 65cnsa0n 46 44 SSE. Bl Soo aponoc Gen eeensesa Searor Sameer
4qpsmiea a 46 46 SSE. 3 29596 es secs oe ae cios oa oe
Bh Pb WM soons5 non|lssqacnen||osenpdesao fo Atesdabosossasdllassa6ns0 FT SM aes eee eas csi Sales ERE
AYP |S e6 en) CA SBa Saas 47 45 ESE. 1 ZO 98H Rem se on ol ees SF. Slee ae
1Ojasmeseeece. - 48 45 Calm. C1) EA Pe me oe a en eh cat alee te oe
IPA oaeeeneae 48 46 SE. 1 30. 00 5d (15 168 30
ApeMeaecs 52 49 46 SE. | Deere io ai als etnceeieios stall tisiacces Sclec eo
Bupa Mai !2 1-1 < 49 46 Calm. | 0 ONO in| Rata ee Ea Ee Ge
Sipime oases - 47 46 SSE. | 2 DOMO Asa vee Meee Ce CA ae
18) (SiameO ... 49 45 SE.byS. | 5 VAST toi eae eae [eta tetee treats
LOK tr= sn'= = 5] 49 45 SE. by 8. BF |e aetescsee | aa nectas eos | chs See eee
Wi riaeae es eee 49 45 SSE. 4 29. 72 5d 21 168 ©2
PAS Oe Ue See 49 45 S. by W OH aeeaeie aoe Ei ieee ee
ASD MMe setae 49 45 SSW 3 Py GB rat arstncve ae cael oene a sta saves
Ob Wesnsesaae 49 45 SW. by 8S Bi Horssouaer (ise) eee cell ealayn aitigacie ae
(} Pb leecisee Yulee sepees GSecoeeaee] pode aOoS OSIAAcalloouao nes DORGDUL ESE SM AINE Seto Moses
19) | Sra.) 22 46 46 SW. by W. 3 CAUAY (77 eee eres A Ct ea
LOvarnoy eee 47 47 |. SW.by W. ee bes ered atl ee era eed | eRe
DT eae 46 47 SW. 4 BON 72i be) 156 163 00
PATON yee ane 46 46 SW. Boh EA Bae Ce eaey aeetea-. keel Lice Tener rE
ASD MME ote os) 2. 24% 46 45 SW. 3 ZO ON tras sclteetoms aie aint eter sl ere
Gepameee ns aye 46 45 SW. Sie wae tl fae ad. UM ee Beas Gast oS
Si es aa 46 45| SW.byS 3 DOG Duteeens aS MCD MRM LE Sa
ZOU Siar aa. See oe 46 46 We 2 QONGQM seins lone Oy eS SAOee
UV eeonwanesc ee 48 47 WwW. re ey EA I LONI a icra arte
i tee BORE 48 47 WNW. 2 29. 68 55 14 | 168 15
Qasr c 48 47 | WNW. Del rae eae) wie se hata TS pane ears
45peMye wee e ese 48 47 | WNW. 2 DONS coated clea oe eee
Sipe: sac. 47 47 WNW. 2 Pat 7A Sal leleaeeesy aesyal hese i ee
DUET e eT ee ae | 46 46, NW.by W. 2 BONGO Mes Soaeeces eeeecece sas
LOA: Mes. 2 : 48 47 WNW. Dy | ines nee Re ane ois Seles Sal eeee ean eB OE
WDM ae ats erate 47 46 | WNW. 2 | 29. 92 | 5d 28 168 05
ZA INDY eters) 47 47 WNW SOUS es Sale sas sete ier ree Sei
Apsara sa.c.< 47 47 | WNW 3) || QOUOT So taise 2 aeee| tee seein
GipAMs aoe nseee 47 47 WNW Bip eee ees fhe eee Sn Tk yaaa ee
Sipauns oe 47 47 WNW 3 QUO Tuleh Ee Semen RON Ae
OPI Els Ne coeenaoe 47 47 W.by N 3 BOMMLOM So s/ae oon sec oere tne elseee
IVS eS Reenee 48 47| NW.by W Diss va unlel's(sledatcis cs antisterels| setae satay
17-4901 BARS a Sees 49 48 WSW 2 30. 08 55 04 168 35
DED) -aje\ a2 48 47 WSW Dida nee | che Me Se eyeteeal aber hc tate ape ce
EVI A eAosase 46 47 WSW 2 SOROS SA cae s epee eettsieiaekecoe
Gasper ees 47 47 WSW 3) ieseseoestes US ocr cicatnicts |eraiete ote ake as as
Fes seta Peas vee 0 es Brave | ed oien eee re ae EN SOMO RS samen ena shake
23. Biaa Mis arreroe ar 47 46 S. by W. 3 BONOOM stsje.cs fos cee eters sisters tet
Olas sms sees 46 46 SSW. Anite see seec gence teiicenc acess oe
(P75 Ne ee eee 47 47 SSW. 4 30. 00 55) 28 168 10
2ipeMectsyoers 5 | 47 47 S. by W. Aa ee cos hea | eae Dei iaeehs Sh es
API =toteter 2s 46 47 SSW. 5 QO OBil he Sats eee hte etk saa
Gps eee 46 47 SSW. pes ena 1 POS Ee
Stplmene were 46 47 S. by W 5 SSSI TIN (oe Raed ic sat 22 OO naa a
m4.) Saw scene 47 46 SW. J SOSO0R Qeee eres eee ect eee
10\at roe 47 46 NNE. DNs 3 fe cia iste! 2 side oie eatees {a (Siajnisiac'a =/s)e
12) Maes tates 47 47 N. 4 30. 10 55° 27 168 30
Zips eave 47 47 N. EF eet AS Sl Perm Spee (SA pee ey
As pamecte ree. 47 47 N. 5 BSOF1ON Ee Ete oie cea eeeees
Gps see 45 47 NNE SoS totes cel Meee mee een eae Meee ase
Sips Tee ee eae | etait stare efi ol =lalefatel | [olareleteialtepeeielnleie girl cine lect B30: 10) set eee cecl toon lecisceae
AT Tie Foes Ws SAS ees 48 47 N. by E 7 BOS 20 eee echise col te ea aye alate a
LO! asm: ose 48 47 N.by E hdl es Sees e icd OE UE Proms et eee
12imha pens 48 47 N.iE 6 30. 20 55 15 170 38

a The temperature of the water was taken 5 feet below the surface.

148

SEAL LIFE ON

THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Record of physical observations made during the cruise of the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd
in Bering Sea, August and September, 1895, by A. B. Alexander—Continued.

Sept.

27

28

29

30

31

| Barome-

| Temperature. Wind.
Time of day. | | . |
Air. | Serre Direction. | Force.
i Sabet e” ee | ——
|
° Ome | Miles. |
Oth en soe er 47 47 INE 6
Ape eeretestos 47 47 N. 6
Ei Vhith sooaadee 47 47 N. | 6
bhilh Melson curs 45 47 N. 2
Ota sei 45 47 NW.by N 2
WD), SBsAeesea|| 46 47 | WNW 1
Depailler = <e 45 | 47 WSW 2
bith We laasebos 46 47 | WSW 2
Gis kles areler-ialer 45 47 | WSW 2
Shab iit Somere ISousoece||coosbnoestlloares ssordaasec|besctuse
Sia wie oe = oe | 45 47 | WNW 1
1) Pip MASS Roe Sse 46 47 SW. 1
IP theeespoonoe 48 48 Wi. bys 1
Ys seordoobe 49 48 W. 2
ie ecoo nee 46 49 W.by N 2
Opie ssegoade 44 49 | NNE. 2
ii deuleqooremer |poaacecd lsehooucocd Hoo lor ecrtanocoa|lscdagcn
Sfanmieea- ae. - 44 48 | W.byS 2
IO EpuNscae sce 46 48 SW.byS 3
1 WiVesdercseue 46 48 | SW. 3
Opymbeene sees 46 48, S.by W 3
ATO. MNosecoese: 46 | 48 S. by E. 3
@ygonlen catcoce | 45 48 | SE 3
Ss hitod dome den| Sos oea an -aheheondhlleceaotcsogpeecen||>eceacod
8 a.m. 47 47 SE. 8
LOAN mesa bee 47 SE. 8
Wives senedese 48 47 S. by E 8
PHN eaecooec | 48 47 | 5. 7
iT} lessens | 48 47 S. by W 6
Gipeoeeereerre 48 47 S. by W 6
SO ep eraveteta tera Seholate UoSobcosaSt|lasena- GERSC ISCO SOB BEO SO
Coppi Neaopors ae | 48 | 47 | SW.dyS. 8
I) Pp witeosec oer 48 | 47 SW.by S. 8
IP tees goeesomt 48 | 47 | SW.byS. 8 |
2 buiNssos, aoc 48 47 SW.bySs., | 8
Hl Top Nleemmcoaor 48 | 47 SW.byS.° | 8
Shee =eererets | 48 | 47 SIWalD yuu iievsc eo si5
Eh Elstatlingmng see | 48 47 SW. 4
NE UEES Sobes 48 47 SW. 4
PAT GoShosbode 48 | 47 SW. by W 4
2 asda aco ode be 48 47 SW. 4
ASTOR: cena nea 48 47 SW.by W. 3
(ee Ne a ageee- 48 47 SW. by W. 3
ITO A Abd ecer! aacaeaod|>osessooeal Gene ccbose Geoctills aasoeao
Pho teelSacinsoee 45 47 SW. L
IQ Eris ascocee 46 47 Var. 1
UPN ee eaoodeas 46 47 Var. 1
PAT We sGonaee 49 47 Var. 1
COT NENSs asbesc 45 47 Var. 1
Giosamleereerae 45 47 NW. 1
EMebilcisos Soced)|agcocndd) sosedosood seneecracceseqeuc|lbosoucds
Shawls 22\a1=/01<:5)5 45 47 | NE. by N. 3 |
LOE ie Aaa se 47 47) NEVby N.- 4
14 Tio AAS alsnn 46 47| NE. by N 4
egies oeneis 45 47 NE. 4
ire Neos cectecte 45 47 | NE. 4
Gps ne ei. 44 47 NE 4
GiiSolilsaohesoodllodecohsd) or conuceee Sebacse Soeudoscalls cadesce
SraevM ae /= ices siete 45 47 NE. | 5
IMPs inlenAoosoe 45 47 NE.by E. | 5
imps iee es 46 47 NE. 5
Qh pertolaeey eee 46 47 NE. by E. 6
AN ees alata 45 47 NE. by E 6
Gipe mses 45 47 NE. by E 6
Gh fesse aanonelsnncanes|vocoscceas NE. by E 6
El Wines pooober 45 46 E. a
NUE Bees aaeeae 45 46 ENE 8
PA sogdebsede 46 47 ENE 8
Dr DM seveveclsteate 46 47 ENE 8
(yittlgnc Gesace 46 47 ENE 8
(}epuMsaeecsear 46 47 ENE 8
Shika acigollssacacsulscaudeonoes ENE 8
BiaaaN. sew oatetete 46h iGecceeeacis ENE 8
NO ie cE eaSoE AG ates ciotemiat- ENE 8
DAM tres seis AGH eee as were ENE 8
POS MES Sdstoe AG) | shatela}~/clereicic ENE 8
PD ae steteinielae's CO acleasaoace ENE 8

ter
reading. |

Noon position.

Latitude.

aThe temperature of the water was taken 5 feet below the surface.

Longitude.

SEAL LIFE ON

THE

PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

149

Record of physical observations made during the cruise of the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd
in Bering Sea, August and September, 1895, by A. B. Alecander—Continued.

~ Date.

ac

~I

=)

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Time of day.

8 a.m

7) TOW aesee
Ovasmeeee a= -/=

noo

RODEN RH KH DOAK NWHH DOOD

Temperature.
se
iis | Surface

water. a

NE. by BE. |
NE. by KE. |
NE. by E.
NE.by KE. |
E. by N.
EK. by N.
EK. |
E. |
K. |
E.
EK.
E. by S.
K.
EK.
KE.
E.
EK.
were ee E.
47 K. by N.
47 EK. by N.
47 K. by N.
47 E. by N.
47 SE.
47 SE.
seca SE.
46 ESE.
47 ESE
47 E.
47 EK. by S
47 | ESE.
47| SE. by E.
see os 4 SE.by E.
47 S. by E.
47 S. by W.
47 | 5
47 | 5.
47 | S.
secre ste toes | Ss.
mee ES SW. |
GoSbsceeec) SAWS IONE Mio ll
Bia 2 | wsw.
ase ae | WSW.
momma WSwW.
miciemeelaien WSW.
Wess so acer WSW.
44 W.by S.
44 |. SW. by W.
45| W.byS.
46 W.
46 WwW.
46 SW.byS
45) SSWawnell
45 SSW.
45 ssw.
45 SSW. |
45 SW.byS
45 SW.by S
45 Var.
45 NW.
45 NW. }
45 NW.
45 NNW.
45 NNW
46 WwW.
46 Wiz |
46 W.
46 W.by S
46 Sw.
46 SSW.

|

| ) € wet
Berenice Noon position.

a al ter a pape ap
Force. Teading. Latitude.| Longitude.
Mites. | N. Ww.

Biull ROOK OG EI sarc el Ped a Ae ie en
91 RESON OO: eee uae eg we Samia
Bile ea ad [ie Ua ae eel eh ae
3} 30.10) 56 10) 170 45
Slee Gas Ih er Sea lll Ran a oe
8 | BOW LOUiee eee ee eae abate
Bi eee cei psa cn OORT AZ AS Ba
BST SOnOO bee seemieece ee ae
4 SONSOR eter eats |e Fan eR
SY PNR RER TIO Ra De esa
4 30.31 | 56 22 171 50
S| al Me PAP Vet Sa A MS
3 BOS iste ke ay Nea AN UR i ae
Still trey RNA Mne Nace aed aie: Sea
3 SOPBR I ee aeee wena eee ee ans
2 BYUSC\ id re MONS Soe ANE EE AN
Cyl (ety MU ch aR V8 a RS OD
3 30. 40 56 35 172 20
El pest nee ch Neca tet [reapers SN
3 POS ate es see 2 See
B30 eves el Ra Sa eee re Po SAY Poe et
SHlinp ASO NAO | wees ents acl Koreas oe 50
ANH Se SOLS) | eeeatccees heen nama eee g th Taha
AIS SENSEI al eon Ca Oe GON Hella
4 | 30.10 55 49 171 54
Ie te Oe Ralf ore Ale pal cae) ee
3 SONOS [See oes amen See
yA Fea Ee ot Ate ee RY pa) Cte ee aa
2 Si OO | ees ee eas (ae re a
3 PAINTED ico ene a a
Bal ae era eal pa INR Ce eae gE
3 29. 80 55 50 171 49
Sy MIN SS MR OH ENS cera,
3 SORGOGIMe ree crete hacen ie Laat
Ware laces stave alsin wishes peter siete where es Sisvaene
4 DONS Sul VN MMA a etee Ee Nha te
q DOW A Rese eum Bea Tees 5
74 Pee Nee tea See TMDL CRI SL an LAL
7 29. 38 55 57 | 171 30
7 Se Tata age ie are a é
7 SGT ee ecm IDLE CLR AG)
ia lorie oo Cool See eal [ere Rae
7 Lat [aimee Seed bey 2s 3 Oe
8 ONAN ee se eee [vem ee bee
eit ee SABES aca [ee Boe ea ed
9 29.55| 55 44 | 171 30
Ce ee ake ea ree ete Fe a
Bh ROG N EG let aha. eet ete op eepaee
EU eae ae ee creeks GES Ace ta Ue A RE
Si aT Ce eM aD Pg ee
EU De OD) iis, onhehens sauce tat cy
FAO AD a Us Tae Seid ed Ney Ae ea aa Ge
4 29. 90 | 55 44 171 51
D 200 ince SNR ation
Bi easily arse ye eet Wodcisocgeunoe
Yity Sage SONG RE RE UNI Ah eS a 9 Ge
84 DOMGB TR Ai) Ue bee ee See ae
Bi [enemys Ni as RE Secs 7
8 29.62; 55 20 171 25
Pl ee RS aC re
8 DONG Hee Mer semeea | id Mieemrn Sao
Fl ea TT RG 2
BRE a ZONGD Nee uaa aA ea a
1 BONGO IAN errs ER
PE tees nee et A Una ey ae one aoe
3 29. 60 55 10 170 06
PAN AT SH IY UE as ad |e ER
5 SOUTH wae a SONI Ua
5 [ae ace i Ho and) FONE ne TS
pea ei DOV BD ese sn ne el ie faa Bolen
Balm SONOO Le see oecepernr | (rls Lien enoes
Sil ere ees Se Ss eee a ea
5 30.02 | 55 20 170 32
Be aisle ea sta ota |cbeicis eaterarctane lar etoreseratetotatate
4 BULENT i [ioe eats al ih Ee
fp aaa EG OR ak 0! 5 ee

a The temperature of the water was taken 5 feet below the surface.

150 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.

Record of physical observations made during the cruise of the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd
in Bering Sea, August and September, 1895, by A. B, Alecander—Continued.

; 1
Temperature. Wind. Noon position.
i AA 2 pea:
Date. Time of day. § er
i Air. Surtees Direction. | Force. | reading. | Latitude. | Longitude.
|
1895. 9 o Miles. N. Ww.
Sey0 is MO Sho WN oadso ne |bdouesscl esospecoce||aancaosabocoraqa|tocacaes PLE eReeeoeeteollocsstcsco 20 C
Ef Wepre Sooacosce 41 45 Wis 4 SOS4ON 2 oe steer | eee
LO kasama = 42 45 3 CO Reepeoree EeaeetDeEoc|o50222202a0-
ODI ears 44 45 WN.W. 5 30. 45 55 17 170 36
Teienodaae 44 45 Ww. Bilescacceseesastiacscos- lose socbuoe ss
EDs Tope acoins 44 45 W 3 USE epee scsrolleccos2s55c5
Gham sea 43 45 W WN Beese spend leseedaeSce|laccssscats a2
She Poace ssn ladssuecslloccosonmar|lscusacecisccdsecclocestoot abet es Sooscesnc Sree aceisia$
Wes |i Obit Sse coos 44 | 45 SE. 5 OW Ee tees aaa sopes|(Ssescecse 5 °
AO0jasm\-- 22.2 -- | 44 45 SE Blo ceeiels wane) me 2-2 ee ee
HELM ssats cian eter 45 | 45 SE 5 30. 40 | 55 30 169 55
(Ly Oyitte a eaasoe | 45 | 46 SE 5 S032) |. <5 5 -le ete=| Seater =
Grp Menace n = | 45 | 46 SE. by S Dene lepers eseoneriodsjot:-2s52--- =
Sips mse eae Pate Sen aee ah SEER enes cae aobar 5 3025) ||. '. eae ea eee
OM WStaameees cen! 46 | 45 N.E. 5 99°89). 2 SUR 3
1Okasm <22 ee. 47 | 46 NE. by N pl Re PR Re fost ol tie
PAT aoc em eee i 47 | 46 NE. by N 5 29. 74 55 28 170 40
Pah 3 eee ee | 47 46 NE. by N D4|Sesscssen ells esse c
4ipomies sete. | 47 46 NNE 5 ZOE T2) || caine soe oe Sete
Gip;mese sees 46 45 N. by E Bile eee oe a &
Sips Mes eae eo eens onesies N.by E 5 POD NoSeamaacccc nia ee
PAY) ERS Ss oenadae | 45 | 45 NE. by N 3 2 RTM PES EAR Aro boss sccicarc a
1argmescatee | 45 | 45 NE. by N A baasenkeee lene wos ol See ees
1p 4h ae | 44 45 Var 1 29. 70 55 36 167 30
Oipsmneeeeeseee | 43 45 SE DUS Be ae a ies.
4yDalMee= sects 43 45 SE 4 OSLO Be elon <i call See
Gip sta sere 43 45 SE. by $ 4 29510 a)! == ato ote ll eee eee

| } | |

a The temperature of the water was taken 5 feet below the surface.

Record showing the principal food found in the stomachs of seals taken in Bering Sea hy
the schooner Dora Siewerd.

Num- |

Date. Lee | Principal food found in the stomach.
taken. |
1895.
Aug. 1 42 | Nearly allempty; a few could not be identified.
2 45 | Do.
3 13 | Empty.
4 16 Do.
9 20 | A piece of squid and fish bones.
10 73 | Pieces of fish and fish bones.
11 89 | Do.
12 15 | Do.
14 30 | Pieces of squid and squid beaks.
15 | 99 | Alas<an pollock and pieces of fish.
17 85 | Squid, pieces of fish, and fish bones.
18 | 2 | Empty.
19 4 | Do.
20 111 | Squid, squid beaks, fish bones, pollock, and other fish.
21 69 | Squid, pollock,.and salmon.
22 44 | Squid, pollock, salmon, and fish bones.
24 21 | Squid, squid beaks, salmon, pollock, fish bones.
26 157 | Squid, pollock, and pieces of salmon.
27 146 Squid. pollock, and fish bones.
28 57 | Do.
31 11 | Pollock.
Sept. 1 336 | Mostly squid and what looked like cod.
2 10 | A few pieces of squid.
8 10 | Pollock.
9 9 | Empty.
10 17 | Squid, squid beaks, mingled with crustacea.
15 24 | Squid.
20 10 | Empty.

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TENDS ROP AE Ee

Page
IN OKOPSCHOONET WOSZeNtLICS Of. . = = 352 Gs eee Sa ee Se ee oe 67
Al DaurOsssheamen wOtkmOl:-...-...12556 a5 S2e ose s eee eee 3, 10, 13, 16, 19, 28, 41
Jslkeszarinvglere. J\., [BS vital Ss a Ae ee ec ent Ee 19, 22, 23, 26, GBM eR
Alber Aloars schooner, log entries. of... .. 2.2. 0-sossnccbs eee see =e 59, 73, 90, 95
AULOMeRCHOOUeE SOO CMbirICS OL. 2... 2) Jaco. ne Stn eae 5 ees eee eee nat 76, igs
Annie C. Moore, schooner, log entries of_--------------- Pye eeres Ne Eee ed 65
INTIGhiC@schoonen loeMentries Of 2.225 22.2. 455 Jace ee hee ees see eee 61
Pu CUstmeemmoner, Loe Ontries Of _-_ 0-222 2.42525 hoch 86
MMLoraeschooner! looventries OL: 2. - 62254 ca as sees Ue ee eee ee 64
BachelorsmeoumunovOl on 222 f sek tee ee Se 108, 104, 105, 106, 107
anivinewr Ors 0 PRE ee Rn ee Co Ur tee ik SOULE 28, 38, 104, 105
ALOPORGIOM Kalle dis 2°02). Uae) a ta Ce 104, 105, 106
TRE TI SLC LH SLC LS Se et a= rE ay ee) SN ee Ce oe 105, 106
IAD Tua Le oy love hulled tea toyohiye| | oe SERRE ee ee ee 104, 105
Bevipicemsemoone;n, lof entries/OL . .. <.5.2-5-30 554 co See eS 64
eric seassenooner, log entries Of .. 2-52 220L ar ee Sekt ee aR eed 87
SSCL a SES 01 eo ee hy a 8, 13, 16, 18, 20, 21, 31, 39, 113, 123, 127
Wicduler CONGIWMIONS —- 92222-50222 see 8,17, 18, 48, 49, 50, 115, 125, 126, 138
ibonanzaaschooner, lof entries Of.) 225s. 2o22252- see Sale Lae ee 78, 79
iBoredlisscchooner, loo entriesiOf . 2.55.2 4255 5242. scene oboe ee 66, 96
Bowheadsachgoner, loo entries Of=. 2 Beene.) ea Nee ee a ee 79
Breeding ‘females, percentage on Tookeries Sie LE oe Fa) ah FR cy SS So 34
MUTT OL 2h 4 hese Oe hs or maT Ia fea ae SIPS RAL 34, 36
CLOUNGS eo nriMikae'e: Of= es Shes AB yes ot ee 2s eng een tree 30,108
TT Cee cee es fe Fety 2 SES ane Oe ARS CNS SRP Ree ge Ed Lag ak a key 30
TE BY UU SEA 7109 te ee a nas A aye SE AD oO cays PE pe 36, a a
BATHS Wert igy TOLER oe eye es em soe gS keen une eee gpeeee ttc eee
Can CAGSeS Rexam at ON OL) SM 2 ey oe ain yee eso TS 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 134
Leg ONO eee te) SR eae er eee, <r pa we ORD ATA ay SLA ATE oA 133
Catch, /ASTRETTGO EL, La RR IEE ec Tetra ee ORE rhe eR Oa 17, 24, 26, a
3 iy Reig Tie el) Ses sa I a eee aa aE Oe Ler Re Spe ee aa
(CRAIG May et eT RNS a ual Tag hs eae aaa eae Nan Lda Pe Uren tt Peedi) 17, 24, 25, 39, rr
HG 9 3 eee ie a tek Oy a SRN ye nd CE ge be ct ee ee 56
{US ype Fahne 2 ll te Sens EON Sie ALU OC igi MD ak ee Saat Set 46, 47
waeeberking, schooner, loz entries of 4.2. . 235005242 Jee ee 86
Columbia, schooner, log entries CE EB TR AT oe NPI SRL OF ae BL SM 59, 83
higint renders Telaya dis Gee ea eB nl ed ee a pe val 28
1 PUSTSTHE LS GELPSTALPE NST cp ge pe eg eC Eee cs 4, 22,116
CSUGTTES TRUONG wc 2 Te Re IE ae te peed el Mee Uy amt TS 38
Means ICOMMpMMe Obes 8 yc) seo eas ee pn gee aia 13, 14, 37, 100
SIS) a SES Ss a a eco Cae Ne Te IRR SS AL) 23, 38
WMECTOASE EC ATISO RO Lee eee tir ly Wi ge pda Spel Coin FAS en Re 109, 110
PEMICOLES EO Tee oe eae me re Ea aey ria Ne Sant Neds veer ancl)
BecshkAechoorien, Noo entries OL: 2. oy Go kL oe 5 I cay We 57, 87,88
Dmcolorediwater Ssealineumes) 2. st 328 Soe Oe Oe ee 128, 180, 132, 135
OTA SIE WEL -WSCHOONEE Calc hho lee mecee eats ke ee ERE nl ie Tha 144
CEUIRCIOL USO ee aoe oo. eee ape eee ae 123
LOC TEN TYICS OF os Ge Us Saat eka) ee ees ye chat = 93, 94
physical ODSeRVabiONssae ss eee 146, 147, 148, 149, 150
Edward E. Webster, schooner, log entries of.__.___._...____.--_------- 72, 75, 76
Ella Johnson, schooner, log BL TIOS OLE ee oS ek. Mi uelemntdey PEP AN 57
Elsie, schooner, iys27eu 1 i 2) 000) Boe ae ae Ce an eee AN Pe eet bs 24d Eps a 8 86

152 INDEX TO PART II.

Page
HmmavandlWwoulsa.) Schooner ocrenturies) Ole.) s25 senses sane ee eee 78
IMiaanTaKe yey JOS Seln@oravsre., Moyer Ginna Oe Lo ee 88
PMcerprises SGhOOner |) OSKEM TLCS Olea eee ee ree
Idk inconahysys S(olaKoronevere) MoreMraymekesy Ore MN es oe oly Gee Wi ee 53, 65, 93
Hawn SCHOOner losuentTiesi Olja) fo Me of ae yt ae ak 62
Heedine:crounds,ichanging Of). f24.22 02 ee eee ee 21, 22
france wextent Ol! ta Ceeet payee dk ke Sees ee ee: oe 20
Hem al ess absencemromeTOOKCTICS sss ma ye a eee ee i 19
loveewanelnayes lessee ke ee Bch k Ie eo a la ear ested ai 38, 111
COUNTMOLOR sae. Re Eee Boe ee eee emo 28, 34, 35, 100, 102
llimeiby, GOovernmenbe= 2. --- so s0a- soe eee ee ee ae 38, 111
OSS pote see Lose: he Ne ae AL EE Ae a aL 36, 38
RE SMAN CY OLS wou ey ER eh Oyo ch Pe pe 41, 42,43, 44, 45
12 MRSE ETSI CT OUS SI) Ss ey A Reyne pace eeu eee Er ee es Say oa Ce Oe eS 23
Pish¥Commission, iMVestigatlOons) Of 18 9a a eee nye ee o
iGeoree: Wi. Prescott, schooner, loz @ntries of 22-27 5222526 =e =) 2) eae 89
Geass wenovjuDROnMrOOkeries! es 598 a see eee ee eee 5 11,107,108
FA aMO mom OUM OSE ee Ue Ses fe se 2 kee ene, Se ee eee alee +1 ee 103, 104
aonricttayschooner, logyentries) Of Yoo. = = lu ier cies eee I seene ue ee 70
Henry Dennis; schooner; log entries of... 72 2 222 Ae eek... 54
Herman. schooner. LOosentries Obs. 625 ee See ee ee ee ee ee Tek 7s
Hunters, white ____- Chal Care tt ove an MALE Ree cpetedy Ce ee) Ae MO 143
WOT KNOL ots eee ee Ue Ss 2s ee ol Al ga Ps 115
ida Hitaxschooner. log entries) of 2.20. 205)2 202) see 58, 94
itdileryischooner,tlog entries; 06552 3-5-2 52s eec2 550.2 es eee eee 88
LATCH AT SSC alin GAD Ne ee ae ee eaves ee ee cre ee 21, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 132
JAMestGeyowan Schooner WOsyenitrd GSO leg oes 5 ee ee nnn ee 84
Jane Grey, schooner, log entries of ._.............---- IN ce yt VC a 60, 82
APAnLCOASts PLO OOM, OL SEXCSa 2 oe eae ee yee nee ee 122
Jessie, schooner, log entries of ___.-____.____._--- OSE SE eee ge tne 89
JEL ppINs er SCHOOM Ely LOGO LCS Oise eee ee 74
KeaterandeAmmaris Ch OOMEe LOS MOM TLCS | Oke = ae ele eee eee 91
Kate sschooner:losientries/ Of i 52 a eg eee 68
Katherine wschooner: oo emir es! Of ee ete ee ee 67
cider wit alesiee si: se yh Be ee Ee cl ler aw a Se 127
Kalmeny, schooner: lopentriesof. 2.4224. Ae eh Pe 70
HaAbLadors Schooner los entries Ole ss eee ee ee eee ee ee 66
Mondon turriers Qe positiOns.Ob 55 ee oe ne Se ee = = 18
Louis Olsen, schooner ________- HSE Rs 2 soa tc ot EG Ai nn 19, 22
loetentriesiof. 22.5222 2\24 bss. co 8 ee ee 60, 73
Cruisenofe L8OL: ves ee ee i ee, en oe ae 113
Japan Cruise oe. Oia el Deas ey eee 120
Manpssealkaistribmtiom 2: Lele: 28 ce I ee ee es 17, 39
OMMNOOKETA ES MART 4 see ee wk ee aes | iy pa a 8, 10, 15, 27, 80, 38, 108
MeanyePllen= schooner, tos MeMmbries Obese) wes) sone ene ae eee 50, 51, 52, 53, 62
Mascot, schooner, log entries of_______.______-- SI a Sees US 2 oe ee 64, 65
Matildas schooners logventrles Ol- seen ase ee ee ee La ee 86
Mattie. PDyer, schooner, log entries of. 23224". 522. si. ee te ee 77
iMaudiSs.schooner, log entries of --0 22-255: S ae. ee ee ee eee 97
1 THU er Ce ietd See eee tk a SR IRS 7) eee Wie 4, 5,9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 27, 38
Minnie: schoonerlog entries Of) 22) 20.2.0 ee ok ns Sc) al en ae
MeaMeMornll schooner logientrics Ol a2 s =a ss 2 n/a meee a keene 91
VIO MISE VAVem Ont 4 a5 oie NE Ooo oS Oh eee Ao SE AD 17, 40
INoTthwestieoast:- yess oe ee ne eR Oe ant ee 30, 39
Oleaywihalor lopvenitries Of Oe ae its oN AS ie We Sareea ae 97
PaciichOceantiscaling ama = sues ae NOES IS Ri tee Naph EIRATS P EEE St SS HSH 7(s Alte)
iParishiribumalt award Ob. ben). eye) lige 20s: Seo) a Ne eee 13, 1721
Relasicisealimeon (S94. hoe ye Ske See a ST ey ee 113
TBO Grete be ae SS SOT be he oe ea a Ree vey ge ip 27
TMELAODS Ober anova e gee NieNayl wines ee NOEs ee AL eae Nae ating IRAN 21, 124
UTD [AUT TOS rest es a GA oe titan Oe wee a 11, 16, 19, 38, 39, 113, 128
Japan: COASstH D2 5, La Sse ROR) aA ik Ve nn hate ae 18
IRwssianbicoast)s) i200. on ae Lee bas Mean ht ad Exar apes eee 29
photographsrots, . eek toi mace sial is Se lime ny) as © Oe ee en eae 45
Phetographie: Staton. vr. 7 1b abot alain al Ue eal try 3, 10, 27, 108
LdOV2 Nt 004K 0) een Oe eer eres ya vel e Branca Arne: eet ye TC 4,11, 29

Pup seal, albino 15

INDEX TO PART II. 153

Pare
ia pauls ainie cipher een ttt COE ES eo eee oe ae eee ae ase 28
LOSSVO Lee hte coher ee cit . 5,18, 14, 16, 30, 36, 37, 38, 99, 100, 110
TPA Oe es gia Sone ene cmb neme 2 ea sae 14, ily. =
swimming Chemo 0S LC ane ed Ae Tl Se a sev as Sey ee era
SSERO . . ve EE ee a= yes EE ek Ae 36
Shalayil CpONeee Cowan. Oe cee cles ane oa eye ci 13, 14, 15, 37, 110
Puritan, schooner, log GMbLIOS Obes" ths ace Be Se). SO ee ena eee 85
antler. scneunenmorenpries OL-<62 0. 2-62 Joes. panes an eee ae eer 81, 97
ReGCOMIN ENO aiION Smee ee ase ee | eens ee een ee eee 38
it. Ecrubiasongoner, 10m entries Of. ..2..225.24-- 2+ scs2-5 225 ce eee eee 89
Pinakenuemiteiawttmee ns tae 2a 8 Pak i A eee oo ee 5, 6, 12, 32, 35, 101
Olt ee een eee ee est Ve ee 8 ee eee "Dy 6, 12, 31
Nhithlowiolavinacs. so. Soe ek Oe CAE es ee ae DG. eee
Riper sOnNie. 222i 22 oe Se eee ee eee eae 6, 12, 33
Lower Zapadnie ------ LY a ee Rk eS ce ee Sea Vn Ne 6, 32
[Rae 8 os BU ee ee eee aera i ate AR Uy Se ab Bane a 4,5, 6, 12, 32, 35
Ome! eee aie OE aan gee = Toe eee 6, 12, 82, 55, 101
GIS Olena kal re ee ee oe 5, 6, 12, 32, 35, 101
SE HMInTLONMIOCKe sue ee og ee A ea ge SO RE Ue a eee ,6
“Gh gee dlin end HH DUNT ae er er eRe A EES Toe te ery 5, 12,31
Zoi iia eee ee eS ee ee Rs eae ere 4,7, 12,33
TRES(R ean pe OS he Bl te SE ee a ge ea 4, 6, 12, 38
iminlepiash. seek ec hee ey ee 2 eon ee ee See 4,7, 12,33
Noi Se Re eS Oe eee at see. Sues , 7,12, 33
RerEIVEPAT TOOL a2 a0 oa Sees eee oS ee eae e eee 4,7,12
rake mn Ones sane ee eed, Mee er fy AA ay ty dis nL a a oe Grl 2rd
SEs; abandonment Of] = 222-2. 2). 3-22 2 eee = 107, 108
PiiMbGnicomateanGne: 2. ots oC So he Ee a. ce eet es SO eee 102
CONGIGOMOL Ml COsee ena ee eerie © ey eee eres DO ee eee 3,5, 7
SOA OG aye fb eA 2 ae 10, 11, 13
ASO Fs ee eisai ee a 82 Dh ee ee ec a ae 27, 30, 99
Prem e Tr ApArh Ol... - eo eee ee eo fee Sehr ity ue ete © 0
pebreatars tra 8s 8 oe ee ee oe ar eee tee 30
Clorannnavnava tere RVG aye bp ees ee ee I See eee 28
FamNaOec UNS Ol toda] (ae sees ae OO ee a ee ee 9
SESE CR rks CE i ee OM car Tas es 15, 16, 108
1805 ces eee fa ea) 4 Re a ede pee Oe ee ee Bese L 27, 30, 33, 108
PRG GeenteniOl: {00 U id ope ore tos os = tae ate eae ete eae
TASISAT ONES UGH TINO) Rael ep a hen hj ie PEE nme AL nen ene SUA ae aa 3
Mesieo)lseneschounor, log entries OfJ¢ 992-2520 ¢.22k 1 eh] 2225-245. 32 32=-5 60, 61
Rose Sparks, schooner, log entries of -. --- oe ee eed ee Cee eye eee ALA ee 60
TRCeVSeIgi SV anaes aa Ce 28, 29, 39, 40
San Dieso, schooner, log entries of _-.-.-.-.-------------------+--++-------- 50
Snmalosesschoonermilomecntries Of)... 8 8) 2...) 22-22-22 223525222 4= 7
Sapphire, schooner, log ETL ET AGS 40 leery nee ee ne es eee Pa a er he 63,95
Saucy Lass, schooner, log EN triestOt meses See ad = eR eee skh wees eee 66
1 PRATER EG SUBIDUISG TICE G0 Me ee ee ees 114, 124
Beer CHMOnTO TIN Ole ge oe as oo ee he Se hea i ee 17,39
PSTN OM OR Meee. a ceo ns sae ers wena eee 19, 40, 41, 141, 142
[neramerranss OTTER NOTE, OLE. Re ee ee ee one ae ere 28
EHO MMROLGGIIOM One acl ons a a Desa ee he oe ie bes oe 17, 39
GASHISMO UIE LO MNO La eno totic ene gt pre cenate A Kg OE AN Lg) aes es ese 17,19, 39
life, rate Of increase_-=_..._-_.._- WN. (ele BORON 2 OILY Seba eee ee 36, 37
PNT ra OUESA MME OR Oem ese. se Ke SUA) Te eS ee 21, 124, 129
TOES Of epee aie fees Le Se ry Bets), cope em Moy 131, 122, 125, 130
CLEAN OLE Le CIPaeseee i FIR ule ATIRE Sn Ale hat Ne fe gree ne
PLOUMGRMEXTeN te Gitte sas ost ho Sol ee eee eae ee 39
VOsce ls NOx AmminaitOmMOls: et ess DOU Te ee ee ee en = 23
TUTTO TOL en ae hg Lee Creme ae sone A hig OM CHR 17,21, 39
J BSE (SPCR Te CIR Es SN a Saal ie oe or eee i/
SESE LYS SpE S05 rae RE eR re a i ma at Ar 41, 42, 48, 44, 45
GLEGTCASC LO fate ae pnp eairne, pe Ue antennal PS eiT al 4,7, 13, 28, 29, 80, 31, 39, 40, 107
SIs 71 1 NC Bae SP a Se GE pe as Sil lee gO UPS, meaees Sree ee eee 116
FCAPIGSSTICSS HOLMER eee eee Se Senne ree J dd ek ape ee oie 116, 125, 126, 130
LEE SOT GYES Cece aa (of Gy eines ee OE EP 2S ae eee ee ate are tere 16, 22

food of___ 22, 23,39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 116, 128, 129, 180, 182, 133, 134, 138, 143, 150
finning ely

154 INDEX TO PART II.
Page.
Seals habitsvatiseas 2a) sae ae ee ee 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 118, 114, 125, 130, 131
halbigsror lamest els Se oe i oe ee ee aa et tay ee 41
healthivand.yaisor oh ee a ee eae Des ee 110
inviakes jkeepine (Obie o8 52 5 peat oe Se ee AN eRe 38, 111
proportion o£ ‘sexess. 2222 _=2 Sipe 8 oS Nec oes 18, 19, 39, 40, 41, 141, 142) 145
MestlessmessrOfss ais eee) a NE oe ee ee ce ed ake 117, "133, 134
shooting wo te. 2.2.5 fo ey ot Soe ae ee ee I 132
Skannedkim GANGCS ess 52.4042 Sele ee ee oe 18, 41
SIGOPIDGNOHONS oo soe Soe pO il ee 19, 115, 116, 195, 128, 136
haMenessiohe! sos ahwc os boost ee see ae A ee 4 1 114
RAO MAURO Le ie Bee RE A ho eee Ue ee ee Sper are) Se 114, 128
SLE UL GT Fab TVS), IS(E5-4 (Oy eaten ea os nme GUO ee Baten a Le SS ee eS ee Tee oe Bie lfm
shelby. schooner, log entries .of .. 23-2525 be se 2 ee 71
Sophia Sutherland, schooner, log entries .of..2 .-- 24 2/22 ke. 2 2 eee 80, 81
SpearadescripionOrys: pol ele ee eee 21
SORTS WUSCIO Le LSS mor ihe i ie 2 oat A AES ee Rae eae ela tenn 8, 17, 18, 20, 21, 114, 134
SLAMS SO WAL ely ee i ate ea ol Se eo aed ees bo! 5 8, 04, 1138
SS FOES CTs mT Mia ese peo et a ee ee a eR ee a” OE 28
Silay [Brellem nels iselovoyounvere,, Moyer eiannincers Ores ee es 58, 84, 85
sin, Peimill Esvenave le ol oystevarezyronarsy orn, ict Byes yee te 3
Measer-schooner, los entriesiOb-- .6 35.22 Resse oe ee ee. 85
fhnerese, schooner, logentries Of... -- 52. SSaSe es ee ee 59, 82
MownsendHiC Es moeportiohss as) ee ere 3, 10, 27, 33, 99, 100, 102, 108, 113
LEWIN pPheschooner wos entries OL. 25245245 9 =n eee ee 55, 63, 92
“(RSEDKS ul ESA, Ue Raden Us oe 25S ee I ane RA RARE eee tomer |: SR 27, 38, 99
Winibrina schooner loo entries iO bes tes = oer ee et 55, 61, 72
Wenture;;schooner,.log entries Of 2222 22. ke a a es ee 68
Wera schooner, log entries Ob 2420420522 /525..22 45265) se 62, 96
Wictoria-aschooner losventmies Of 225 63455) oe os ee eee 91, 92
Walter A. Earle. schooner. log entries of_..._.._______-_--- eo. 61
Wialter a: Rich, schooner log entries Of 2 2)..—- SSeS ee 69, 94
Wieathervettectionisealsii2h2 eo wo ke oe TR ee Es 117
Willard Ainsworth,.schooner, log entries of <2. ..0. 23 -2e 552 ee 90
Winchester schoonersloOg .entriesiOfs=-2 = seas 2 3a oe ee ee eee 80

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