€681 “ANA ‘SGNVISI NIDVWNHS ‘LNIOd GNVS LY L3374 ONIIV3S O1lOWI3d SH1 4JO NOILYOd V¥ CONDITION OF SEAL LIFE /ON THE /ROOKERIES/ OF THE,PRIBILOF ISLANDS,/1893-1895. By C. H? Townsenp. (HE ROOKERIES IN e932. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 26, 1894, Srr: I have the honor to inform you that during the summer of 1893 an inquiry was conducted on the Pribilof Islands by the United States Fish Commission, in compliance with the following clause contained in the sundry civil appropriation bill for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, namely: And the Commissioner of Fisheries is anthorized and required to investigate, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, and when so directed to report annually to him regarding the condition of seal life upon the rookeries of the Pri- bilof Islands. The report upon this investigation by the naturalist of the Fish Com- mission steamer Albatross, Mr. C. H. Townsend, by whom it was con- ducted, is herewith respectfully transmitted, in accordance with your direction. Very respectfully, M. McDONALD, Commissioner. Hon. JOHN G. CARLISLE, Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C. INTRODUCTION. The report herewith submitted is based chiefly upon the observations made on St. Paul and St. George islands between July 11 and August 18, 1893, in conformity with the instructions issued for my guidance, and with the object of determining the conditions of seal life upon the rookeries of the Pribilof Islands during that period, as compared with the corresponding period of the previous year. It is accompanied by 11 charts and 46 photographic views (105 plates),! corresponding mainly with those made in 1892 by Mr. J. Stanley-Brown, special Treasury agent, and forming part of his report to the Secretary of the Treasury. Views were obtained from all of the photographic stations occupied by Mr. Stanley-Brown, but as the photographer of the Fish Commission ‘This set of charts and photographs not transmitted for publication, the accom- panying series for 1895, showing more reduced condition of rookeries, being deemed sufficient. 3 4 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. steamer Albatross likewise secured several excellent negatives of some of the rookeries from other good positions in 1892, I considered it important to duplicate them also, and prints from these negatives of both years have been included among the photographs transmitted. Irom the appended catalogue of photographs, giving the dates upon which the negatives were made in each year, it will be seen that, with one exception, corresponding negatives were taken on the same or very nearly the same date, foggy weather sometimes interfering with the work, but not sufficiently to allow of any material change in the con- dition of the rookeries. The exception was at Northeast Poiut rookery, on St. Paul Island, which the writer was unable to reach until the seals had spread slightly. The difference in perspective observable in the photographs of the two years is owing to the fact that the photographic lens used in 1893 had a somewhat different angle from the one employed by Mr. J. Stanley-Brown. In comparing the corresponding photographs for the two years, it will be observed that only a few of them show any appreciable differ- ences in the abundance of the seals upon the rookeries to which they relate; but my personal observations clearly demonstrate that a moder- ate decrease in the number of seals and slight changes in their distribu- tion did occur between the summer of 1892 and that of 1895, as described below, these facts being also more plainly brought out by a comparison of the charts. In this connection, it seems proper to explain that my acquaintance with the seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands has not been limited to the investigation of last summer. I first visited these islands during June and September, 1885, at which time the rookeries were in their prime, pelagic sealing, just then beginning, having produced scarcely any effect upon the islands. Compared with the vast herds then ob- served, the body of seals now on the rookeries appears asa mere remnant. As the naturalist of the steamer Albatross, Lalso made observations on these islands from July 25 to August 10, 1891, and again between June 30 and August 14, 1892, during a part of this latter period having been temporarily attached to the revenue-steamer Corwin, then engaged in following the breeding female seals out to their feeding grounds, on which, up to distances of 200 miles from the islands, specimens obtained by means of firearms were found to be in milk and to have undigested food in their stomachs. Recognizing the importance of designating the photographic stations previously referred to, so that they may be found without delay in future years, I have marked many of those located near permanent rocks or bowlders with their numbers in white lead, and I would respect- fully suggest that this work be completed next season. The rookeries at which the stations have been so designated are Great East, Little Kast, North and Starry Arteel, on St. George Island; and Reef and Zapadnie, on St. Paul Island. ITINERARY FOR THE SEASON. Accompanied by Mr. N. B. Miller, photographie assistant, I was landed on St. George Island by the steamer Albatross on the morning of July 11, and remained there until the 15th. Zapadnie rookery was photographed on the 13th; North rookery in the morning and Starry Arteel rookery in the afternoon of the 14th; the East and Little East rookeries during the morning of the 15th. The areas covered by the seals at each of these rookeries were plotted upon the charts on the same dates. . SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 5 We took up our quarters on St. Paul Island on July 16, and on the 17th attempted to photograph the rookery at Northeast Point, but a dense fog prevented. Later in’ the day, however, we succeeded in photographing Ketavie and Lukannon rookeries. During the 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st, work was entirely interrupted by fog. The 22d proved clear, and permitted us to obtain plates of Reef rookery in the morning, and of Tolstoi and Zapadnie rookeries in the afternoon. A dense fog continued from the 23d to the 25th inclusive, followed by clear weather on the 26th, when we visited and photographed North- east Point rookery, the writer remaining there overnight to complete his observations. Polavina rookery was photographed in the after- noon of the 28th, and on the 29th observations were made at Tolstoi and Reef rookeries. A severe storm prevailed during the 30th, and on the following day I visited that part of Reef rookery lying under the cliffs for the purpose of ascertaining to what extent young pups may have been destroyed by. it, but I found the damage slight. In the afternoon I visited Zapaduie rookery, and Mr. Miller returned on board the Albatross. On August 1 photographs were obtained of Lagoon rookery and of Reef rookery from Village Hill. The 2d and 5d were spent in making general observations; from the 4th to the 7th fogs and storms prevailed ; on the 3th visits were paid to Lukannon and Ketavie rookeries, and to the rookery on Sea Lion Rock. On the 9th I secured photographs of Northeast Point rookery from Hutchinson Hill, but the weather was rainy or foggy from the 10th to the 15th, permitting only of brief exami- nations being made of Reef and Ketavie rookeries. August 14 I visited Tolstoi rookery and found several hundred dead seal pups, nine-tenths of which had undoubtedly been killed under the cliffs during the recent storm. Their bodies were lying just along the line of debris left by the highest wash of the waves, and as they were mostly near the com- mencement of the sand beach, they had evidently been swept from the narrow rookery at the foot of the cliff extending out to the point. On August 16 L was again transferred to St. George Island, where I spent that and the two following days in reexamining the several rook- eries. They were all well covered by the spreading out of the seals which takes place in August, and makes the rookeries look larger than in July. A large proportion of the young pups were also swimming about the adjacent kelp beds off Little Kast rookery. In the afternoon of the 18th I rejoined the Albatross. CONDITION OF THE ROOKERIES. ST. PAUL ISLAND. Northeast Point rookery.—Tie seals along the eastern side of this rookery were found distributed as in 1892, but undoubtedly much more thinly in the immediate vicinity of the point. Along the western side they were hauled out a little farther back, owing perhaps to the later date at which the observations were made. One or two breaks in the beach line had closed since the preceding season, but no increase can be noted on account of the thinning at the point. It is, therefore, prob- able that no appreciable change has taken place in the total number of Seals on the rookery since 1892. No seals whatever from this rookery have been killed for several seasons. Photographed July 26 and August 9. Polavina rookery shows a decrease in seals, although the usual area is occupied. It will be noticed in the photographs of the main rookery 6 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. (Station G) by the thinly covered spaces. There was also a perceptible thinning among the small bands of breeding seals under the bluffs between Little Polavina and the main rookery. Photographed July 28. Little Polavina rookery has apparently suffered a slight decrease. The wide hauling ground between this rookery and the main Polavina was practically bare throughout the season, seals being seen generally close to the bluff in the vicinity of the slopes that give access from the beach. Photographed July 28. Lukannon rookery.—On that part of this rookery where the seals are crowded, chiefly between the low bluff and the beach, there has been no apparent change, but there were certainly fewer seals tlian in 1892 upon the hill that divides this rookery from Ketavie. The hauling ground had largely changed from the slope at the west end of the rookery to the sand beach just north of it, as shown in the photograph taken at station 26, Photographed July 17. Ketavie rookery, now the thinnest rookery on the islands, shows a per- ceptible decrease since 1892. This decrease is distinguishable in some, if not all, of the photographs of the rookery. Photographed July 17. Reef rookery.—The hauling grounds at this rookery have not been delineated upon the chart for the reason that the bachelors were driven too often to permit of their lying in a perfectly natural condition. This rookery shows a shrinkage under the low bluffs just north of Garbotch (indicated on the chart), but otherwise there has been no change that I can detect. There was a loss of one or two hundred pups from the storm of July 30, 1893. Sea Lion Rock, lying just off this rookery, was visited and found to be very evenly occupied by breeding seals. The central portions of Reef Point, over which the bachelors travel more or less, is becoming distinctively more thickly covered with grass from year to year. Photographed July 22. Lagoon rookery remains unchanged since 1892. Photographed Au- gust 1. Tolstoi rookery.—The photographs exhibit only a slight change or thinning out of the seals at this place, which is shown more distinctly on the chart. There was a loss of perhaps 600 young pups from the storm of July 50, 1893. They were swept from the narrow beach below the cliff and deposited in a windrow at high-water mark near the commencement of the sand beach to the northward. There was no other loss of pups here, with the exception of the scattered loss from natural causes. Photographed July 22. Lower Zapadnie rookery showed no change in number of seals, with the exception of one or two breaks along the shingle beach. Photo- graphed July 22. Upper Zapadnie rookery is the most difticult seal area on the Pribilof Islands to examine, and as the weather did not permit the use of a boat, the larger bands of seals near the beach could not be approached without disturbing the tract of seals in their rear. There has, how- ever, been a decrease of seal life here, which is, | think, noticeable on the photographs. Photographed July 22. ST. GEORGE ISLAND. Hast rookery shows very little change since last season, except in the distribution of bachelors, the main body of which had hauled out north of the pond instead of south of it as in 1892. Owing to the unfavor- able points from which this rookery has to be photographed to avoid SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. € disturbing the herd, the change that has taken place here is scarcely perceptible in the photographs. Although the same area is occupied by breeding seals as in 1892, and is so indicated on the chart, the change is there expressed by the words ‘*Thinned out slightly since 1892.” Photographed July 15. Little Hastvookery presents the same appearance as in 1892. Iam not able to detect any change, and the photographs taken there do not seem to indicate any. Photographed July 15. North rookery.—The seals are disposed on this rookery much as in 1892, but a slight decrease is perceptible, which is also shown by the photograph taken at station 5. Photographed July 14. Starry Arteel rookery.—The scattered fringe of seals along the main rookery visible in 1892 now seems to have been absorbed into the main body of breeding seals. The chart will be found to indicate a reced- ence toward the bluff at two or three points. Bachelor seals seem also to be less numerous and were not found distributed so far back as usual, the higher positions on the hill being mostly unoceupied this year. Photographed July 14. Zapadnie rookery shows more shrinkage than any other of the St. George Island rookeries. The decrease is perceptible in the photo- graph taken at station 6. The main breeding ground on the hill slope by the bluff is decidedly scattered as compared with 1892, and there are two breaks in the narrow breeding ground along the beach. The hauling ground of bachelors is much more thinly covered, and seals were not found as far back as in 1892. Photographed July 13. CONCLUSIONS AS TO CONDITION OF ROOKERIES. Taking all the rookeries of the Pribilof Islands into consideration, it may be safely asserted that the total number of seals upon them has decreased to an appreciable extent since the summer of 1892. The annual increase of young Seals has not, therefore, been quite sufficient to offset the loss caused by the continuance of pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean. It is evident, however, that the closing of Bering Sea to sealing vessels during the period of the modus vivendi has had a most salutary effect upon the rookeries of the Pribilof Islands, and that their present condition, so nearly stationary as regards the number of seals since this regulation came in force, is distinctly traceable to the pro- tection thus afforded. ADDITIONAL PROTECTION FOR THE ROOKERIES. The erection of watchhouses at all the rookeries and their connection with the villages by telephones and roads has been commenced, and the continuance of this work can not be too strongly urged. The organiza- tion of the natives into regular watchmen is not only desirable for the systematic care of the rookeries, but would be a most ettective system of discipline for them, as a class of people living most of the time in enforced idleness. A light mounted field piece, such as a Hotchkiss rapid-firing gun, would be a valuable aid in the work of protection. Sealing vessels have at various times approached the islands for the purpose of sealing or raiding the rookeries, and a thorough protection can not be assured during the absence of Government vessels, which must sometimes happen. 8 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. OPENING OF PART OF BERING SEA TO PELAGIC SEALING, By the provisions of the recent treaty of arbitration, pelagic sealing will hereafter be permitted in Bering Sea after August 1 of each year outside of a radius of 60 miles from the Pribilof Islands. Notwithstand- ing that the use of firearms will be prohibited, the opportunity afforded by this privilege is likely to produce a very serious effect upon the seal herd belonging to the several rookeries whenever the vessels find con- tinuous good weather. Seals, when in the water, can readily be killed by means of spears, and they are regularly taken in this manner by most of the Indian seal hunters of the Northwest Coast. Many sailing vessels have been accustomed to carry Indian spear hunters with their canoes in preference to the white hunters, who use guns and boats, and we mnay expect to see full advantage taken of the former method in the free waters of Bering Sea. The open season for seals coming, as it does, at the close of the sea-otter season, will also make available the entire force of Alaskan spear-throwing hunters, who will be the more eager to take advantage of the new privilege, in view of the recent restrictions placed upon otter hunting and the present scarcity of otters. The apparatus employed in the latter fishery is likewise largely adapted to the pursuit of seals. After the month of August, however, the weather soon becomes unsettled and stormy, thus somewhat limiting the period when pelagic sealing can safely be carried on. Observations made upon the distribution of seals in Bering Sea between July 28 and August 13, 1892, by the steamer Corwin, showed conclusively that the nursing seals travel distances of at least 200 miles from the Pribilof Islands in search of food, and consequently that the closed area about those islands, having a radius of only 60 miles, affords them only a very partial protection. The effect of killing large num- bers of these females, which must certainly take place, means also the destruction of their pups on shore through starvation and the more rapid thinning out of the herds upon the rookeries than has hitherto occurred. The complete protection of the fur seal in Bering Sea, together with such restrictions upon its killing in the North Pacifie Ocean as have been provided by the treaty of arbitration, would no doubt permit a steady increase upon the rookeries where it breeds, but its pursuit in any manner within part of the area it occupies as a feeding ground during the breeding season may be expected to have a disastrous effect upon the breeding rookeries of the Pribilof Islands. List of the maps showing the outlines of the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, 1893. ! ST. PAUL ISLAND. Northeast) Point rookery 20+ Joss sans ose oe es ee ee ee ee Chart A Rblavina Tookery. 55.2 e ke osetia ee areas ee eee ba eM Chart B Ketavieiand: Lukannon rookeriesie sec es anes ee eee oe aes eee a aee Chart C eet and Garbotch Tookeriés. 4-240 26 eee eee ee eee eee eee Chart D Tolstoi and Lagoon rookeries......-....---- Re ee Re Leh ael ee eee Chart E Zapadnie and: English Bay rookeries-.---- 2. -.2.+----n-5e-- sess Charts F and G ST. GEORGE ISLAND. larry, Arteel rookery” .. .a.-o 6 See eee oe iene oe aa eee nae Chart H NOptn TOOKery |) so520 2c sh ae eee ne ee oP eee ea Lees em Chart I Mishand Little Nast Tookeries’ coast a Nee ene cee ie ne Bs ee eee Chart J AAP ANS: TOOKOLY x25 i. 8a.s. MISS SR en Eee Le Sees eee Chart K ' This set of maps not transmitted for publication, the accompanying set for 1895, showing more reduced area of rookeries, being deemed sufficient. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 9 List of the photographs of the seal rookeries on the Pribilof Islands taken during July and August, 1892, by N. B. Miller and C. H. Townsend, showing the dates on which they were made, and also the corresponding views for 1892. a ST. PAUL ISLAND. - " , : s Lewes | | Number | pers on which | | of. aken. Rookery. | Station. | Nata Pe sie) | view. 1893. 1892. | Northeastub ointessseea se tes ane eiteisteie eye ices alae ©. Wesgasoceasboee 1 | July 26) July 17. 2 (north)... .- A eer Geet Do. 2) (south): --< = th edo Do. Epc CMOS e cone 3) |2 2500 Do. ioe Bete bela 1 S2=-00 Do. Disesihe imewerts 5 ido Soe Do. Doce ie ants reine 5; Aug. 9 | Aug.6, Babe cessescebe 2 July 26 | July 20. Pr ieee Meee ere Die-eao ae Do. Pola VANDA 3 omissoce eee eat in ee fo ol oN teste tered ene oi AD ee cence crate 2| July 28 Do. Dobe sae esters: Bl aeee 0 aa Do. Pecinte eoepac 565 222 -2do .. 2} Do, | 24 (near)... -. I een Oran Do. Greens enaseses se Dyes) celle yet. WKANNON 2 vemcaise. cect casas sense bistemie starters isstes's D2 'D 5 perce eis 2|July 17 | July 19. DOD sectors =e 2). elO\s. | Oly 14. TRG taviea se wt ens reo arias alesse toate wae siemens os 1s Re eae Reta 3 |....do\-_.}' July 19: | P48 oe ok teaee'e 122200 =| 0. | MA A ecm cme e EN armen Kayes | Do. UW oer Aber ccee 2 ieee Ota Do. DET 5 RAR a a St neo ge eR Oe a | 2 en eee oe Bee 3 | July 22 Do. Niet cee sone ae oe By bao stake) 2s Do. Toke cae Oe tee yee Do. i BRE eS ee 2). 2300 s=24 Do. 2 Ob aereeteetn atte 2 |....do ...| July 20. | Grass area... . 1 |.-..do ...| No date. ‘Village Hill... 3! Aug. 1} July 18. SQLOON 2155. Scheeemiee seca se tien eaters see ota alc leteincciew oie 4 Dikeaeck pes 3% |..-.do ...] July 22. "Bolstol’s.... 3, seco ae crte sees ae eee ee accion os emnaiia ce cis IRE See ee pene | 3 | July 22 | July 19. ITD eetacy eee 3 |....do...| July 20, Hower |ZapadniObe feos meat aeeee es sect fees caticice PEEPS SR Ease | 2/)22. doi...) July 18; tonne cose oor | J eae Oeme| Do. BM arenes ee cers Bis. dos. Do. Upper Zapadinie eo. eeissse cheer neatcee ceeelseaseeiace ic Ae See | 9D) th Olas: Do. 1 (Dane S Gaeereae | ie One ae Do. | ST. GEORGE ISLAND. | JEN sGciattn 2 ce SOS DAE BEE oe ARES Ae eee ae a IA la lye OP (itear). 25222 2 July 15) July 15. BSS Hs skhac cies .3 9 do S5.\ duly BU MGHEM ASU en ek ciat o case con oaicea cca enau jeowenise Bape sees 2}....do.-..| duly 28; S SIG THT Wccete ag SAS Ce ete EER oe ESO REI IEC Cie ane eee Deen Sei Site: 1) July 14 | July 14. Wide rverey as icon Ge | (c) | eeidowes Do. Dian nereeiatate St ee Or inf Do. Vip Asodeeccesee | Biiieeadol ss: Do. SDD THAN UE |store fo es ra ar ase ios areiere eee Mie tee wisis aie 1 ABO me euots bee erste 2 -za0Or_5.| July 283 PAPRANIO Ae rotoate ats tees ole c:o ra Se eters s sie ee icisetet i) D sedi ly ge asa 5 July 13 Jo. ee este Rae ae | 2 Boe Mes Se Do. a This set of photographs not transmitted for publication, the accompanying series for 1895, showing more reduced condition of rookeries, being deemed suflicient. b United States Fish Commission station. ¢ One negative lost. 10 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. THE ROOKERIES. IN...1894. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. UNITED STATES COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES, Washington, D. C., February 23, 1895. Sir: In accordance with your verbal request, I have the honor to transmit herewith a report upon the condition of the seal rookeries, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, during the season of 1894, the same being based upon observations made by one of the assist: mts of this Commis. sion, Mr. C. H. Townsend, in compliance with the reguirements of the act approved March 3, 1893. Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL Acting Commissioner. The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Washington, D. C. INTRODUCTION. The report herewith submitted is based upon observations made on the Pribilof Islands between July 12 and August 1, and again between September 9 and 15, 1894, It is accompanied by 11 charts and 38 pho- tographic views, the former showing the outlines of the rookeries, the latter illustrating the condition of the most characteristic portions of each rookery, at the time of making the observations. The positions. from which the photographs were made are identical with those from which similar views were taken in 1892 and 1893, while the dates of both charts and photographs correspond as closely with those of pre- ceding seasons as the conditions of weather permitted. This report should be considered in connection with those previously submitted, as being one of the series intended to present the yearly changes in the conditions of the rookeries. The steamer Albatross arrived at St. George Island on the morning of July 8, 1894, and remained there at anchor until the 12th without being able to effect a landing on account of stormy weather. Not wish- ing to detain the ship longer, it was decided to begin the work upon the rookeries of St. Paul Island, where the opportunities for landing are better, and, accompanied by Mr. N. B. Miller, laboratory assistant of the Albatr oss, and Mr. J. Stanley-Brown, I landed at Northeast Point on the evening of the 12th, the ‘Albatross sailing for Unalaska at once. July 13 was spent in examining and photographing Northeast Point and Polavina rookeries, and we Teached the village by wagon in the evening, our baggage having been taken there from the Point on the U.S.S. Ranger. Onthe 14th we examined and photographed Zapadnie, Upper Zapadnie, and Tolstoi rookeries. On the 15th, clear weather continuing, we examined and photographed Reef, Ketavie, and Lukan- non rookeries, thus completing the necessary photographie work for this island in Jess time than we had ever been able to do it before. I made a further examination of the rookeries of Zapadnie, Upper Zapadnie, SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Act and Tolstoi on the 16th, and plotted upon the base maps the distribu- tion of seals at Tolstoi and Lagoon rookeries on the 17th. Reef, Pola- vina, Ketavie, and Lukannon were revisited on the 18th for chart data. Leaving Mr. Miller to develop the plates exposed on St. Paul Island, I sailed on the morning of the 19th for St. George Island on the U.S. S. Alert, and succeeded in landing the same evening. On the 20th I collected the necessary chart data for East and Little Kast rookeries, St. George Island. From the 18th to the 21st, inclusive, the weather was too stormy for photographic work, and it was not until the 22d that I got the first photographs on St. George Island, those of North rookery. The 23d proved stormy, but with better weather on the 24th I secured photographs of East and Little East rookeries. Chart data for North rookery were secured the same day, and I duplicated some photographs of North rookery taken in 1891, From the 25th to the 27th it was too stormy for photographic work, but I collected chart data for Zapadnie and Starry Arteel rookeries on the 27th. On the 25th I photographed the latter rookery. On the 29th an opportunity was afforded for returning to St. Paul Island on the U.S.S. Adams, and, as the most important rookeries are located on that island, I returned without having secured photographs of Zapadnie rookery. I immediately recommenced work on the rook- eries of St. Paul Island, spending the 30th at Northeast Point and Polavina rookeries, the 31st at Reef rookery, and August 1 at Lukannon and Ketavie rookeries. The Albatross returned to St. Paul Island on the evening of August 1, and thinking that my time could then be spent more profitably cruis- ing ainong the fleet of pelagic sealers and observing their work than by remaining longer on the islands. I went on board that evening accom- panied by Mr. Miller. My time while at the islands was spent on the rookeries, whether the weather was clear or stormy, Mr. Miller attending to the development of the plates, thus giving me ample opportunity for going over most of the rookeries two or three times. Satisfactory photographs were taken of all rookeries except Zapadnie, on St. George Island. Station 27 (Lagoon rookery) and the one on Village Hill (Reef rookery) were aban- doned, as showing nothing on account of distance. The dates for photographing the rookeries of St. George Island were changed to those of St. Paul Island and vice versa, this change being rendered necessary, as explained above, by the uncertainty of the landings at the former island. St. Paul, moreover, being the more important island, is most deserving of attention, and, in the future, I would recommend the com- pletion of the work on that island first. Several of the photographie stations on the rookeries were marked with their numbers or letters in white lead, on the nearest permanent bowlders. The stations now marked are as follows: St. Paul Tsland.—Reef, Ketavie, Lukannon, Lagoon, Zapadnie, and eee Zapadnie (Stations Nos. 12, 26, 14, 1445, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 7, 8, 8°, ? 10). St. George Island.—Hast, Little East, North, and Starry Arteel (9, AB a2 3.69 By). For most of the remaining unmarked stations heavy stakes will have to be driven into the sand, few permanent bowlders being available. The photograph of the grass area on Reef rookery was not duplicated owing to bad weather, which is to be regretted, as it would have shown how very rapidly this portion of the Reef is becoming grass-grown. 12 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. CONDITION OF THE ROOKERIES, | ST. PAUL ISLAND. Northeast Point rookery.—Although a comparison of the charts and photographs of this rookery for 1894 with those made in 1893 may indi- cate a slight diminution of seals, 1 am not prepared to state that this is the case. Owing to unfavorable weather the observations of last year were made later than they should have been, after the spreading of the rookeries had commenced. The data for the present year having been secured earlier, the difference in the records should be accounted for accordingly. I note, however, an additional break in the belt of breeding seals in the immediate vicinity of the Point. Polavina rookery.—Although the photographs from Station G show very little change in position, the rookery when viewed from other points appeared to have a well-marked break in the center, which will be found indicated on the chart. Good weather having followed very stormy weather, the seals had taken to the water to a noticeable degree when the photograph was made. I think that no actual decrease can be recorded. Little Polavina rookery apparently exhibits no diminution since last year and very little change in position. Lukannon rookery.—No perceptible change in the number or position of breeding seals was noticed here. Ketavie rookery.—This small and gradually diminishing rookery, I believe, shows a shrinkage since last season, but not a very marked one. Reef rookery.—No decrease is apparent. The change in distribution is slight. Lagoon rookery remains unchanged since last year. Tolstoi rookery.—Yhe seals here are perhaps a little more concen- trated at the north end of the rookery; but otherwise there is no change. Zapudnie rookery.—The hill portion of this rookery is unchanged, but the very thin portion extending about a mile along the shingle beach exhibits several breaks never before noticeable. While the fur seal, naturally so gregarious, returns year after year under normal conditions to its accustomed breeding grounds, there are indications that it is less at home upon tracts which are becoming thin, and is inclined to concentrate upon adjacent breeding tracts more thickly covered with seals. This appears to be the case with the above- mentioned Ketavie rookery, and in the case of Zapadnie to be borne out by the appearance of an increase upon the adjoining rookery of Upper Zapadnie. This scattered beach rookery is illustrated by one of the photographs. Upper Zapadnie rookery.—An increase since last season being indi- cated here, [ went over the ground very carefully, and, although it may not be apparent in the photographs, the chart will be found to show changes which I believe mean a slight increase. ST. GEORGE ISLAND. Hast rookery.—lt is possible that this rookery has suffered a slight shrinkage since last season, but I found it difficult to decide that such was the case. Little Hast rookery remains unchanged. North rookery.—Slight and unimportant changes in distribution were observed, but no apparent decrease, Starry Arteel rookery remains unchanged. Zapadnie rookery.—There is a widening of the break along the beach portion of the rookery, but no decrease was noticeable. ‘b681 ‘YSEN3A1LdaS ‘GNVISI INVd LNIVS ‘SdNd IvaS G3AYNVLS SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 13 CONCLUSIONS AS TO CONDITION OF ROOKERIES, At the time of my inspection in July, 1894, the seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands, taken as a whole, were found to be in nearly the same condition as in 1893. While the number of seals has slowly been dimin- ishing, the decrease having continued even during the period when Bering Sea was closed to pelagic sealing, no decrease in general was noticeable this year up to the date of my departure from the islands on August 1. This is probably traceable to the cessation of sealing in the North Pacific Ocean on May 1, 1894, or soon thereafter. During the months of May and June the migrating seals become massed south of the Alaska Peninsula as they move toward the passes through which they enter Bering Sea, and avery considerable portion of the catch has been taken annually in that region by the fleet of pelagic sealers. By reason of the cessation of pelagic sealing on May 1 of the present year, the seal herd was spared the excessive killing from which it has usually suffered there in the past, and the rookeries, in consequence, presented approximately the same appearance as at the time of my last examina- tion. This was contrary to previous experience, as an annual decrease had always been observed during the several preceding years. Circumstances affecting seriously the welfare of the seal herd arose, however, before the close of the present season, necessitating a second and later examination of the rookeries, which revealed an alarming change in their condition. By the award of the Paris Tribunal of Arbitration, Bering Sea, with the exception of a zone of 60 miles around the Pribilof Islands, was opened up to pelagic sealers after August 1, with the result of causing great destruction to the sealherd. The kill- ing of over 31,000 seals belonging to these islands and consisting chiefly of nursing females, was followed, necessarily, by the loss, through starvation, of thousands of young seals upon the rookeries. LOSS OF YOUNG SEALS IN SEPTEMBER AS A RESULT OF PELAGIC SEALING DURING AUGUST. After finishing the work of inspection upon the Pribilof Islands on August 1, I cruised with the Albatross among the fleet of pelagic sealers until September 9, when | landed again upon the islands to investigate the loss of young seals, which was reported as becoming serious. Thirty-eight vessels known tous, hunting just outside of the prohibited zone, took 31,542 seals during the months of August and September, these consisting for the most part of nursing females, which resulted in the additional loss, by starvation, of the young seals thus left without means of nourishment. Although sealing began on August 1, no dead pups were noticed on the rookeries until about September 1, after which time they were found in increasing numbers, and at the date of my departure from the islands, September 13, careful examination had dis- closed a loss of at least 9,000 pup seals, with a prospective loss of nearly aS Many more found in an emaciated and exhausted condition. With the assistance of Mr. Miller, the resident agents of the Treasury, and Mr. H.C. Chichester, I counted 2,349 pups upon the following rookeries: ST. GEORGE ISLAND. North rookery, pepe? and 10, Townsend and Miller (whole rookery) -- 405 Starry Arteel, ‘September 9 9, Townsend Gyhole‘rookeny)ix 2s ese eee et 305 East rookery, September 10, Townsend and Agent Ziebach (hill slope only).. 180 Little East, September 9, Miller (whole rookery) ieee: BLD a LAUR Oe ROO Cane ye rt 140 DUG UVIRCO UE DE Ce erate en atay ins ee ate ASAI RULES Ned PELE eee 980 Zapadnie rookery and beach portion of East rookery not counted. 14 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. ST. PAUL ISLAND, Garbotch (or Reef) rookery, September 10 and 12, Townsend and Chiches- ter: (west sidleionly)i: 23.12.20 eee i Re ee 492 Lagoon, September 12, Townsend, Chichester, and Treasury Agent Judge (wholerookery)- 22: 2502 . else a ees wae a miaeiee eae abe ees ae eee 105 Tolstoi, September 12, Townsend, Chichester, and Treasury Agent Judge (hill and nearer beaeh) yh: see al Se ae et er, Oe i ont ey ee a 497 Lower Zapadnie, September 12, Townsend, Chichester, and Treasury Agent Judre: (webolesrdokery))a.2-0< psskb es obs ge tego ba eee eee te eee 275 MOtAl COUN (<<. ~ alee ttetetena te straps crate sis aide Clee ae eke ote ae Crea 1, 569 Rotalionibothtislands’ 552 eee Sessa) es Se eee Roe 2, 349 On other rookeries showing a similar condition I compared the uncounted area with that already counted, estimating the total loss as follows: Upper Zapadiiie: 3 vseers.0"). bee eta 01, Soke Pee eee einen oS ee 350 Tolsto1(unconnbed portion). 52 h26 6 Se gets as cee si serioee se sep ects = os Sela eens 200 BOGE on 3.2) 235 2s eiccin, mens See RE ae il Cts aia ye 5 2 siais ip apts ER eee =. ete neta he ete 1, 400 Lukannon anwsKetavie ssa: os sets ee sacle ctn= - asta an Sie ae ener etre arate 350 Polayinal 32. 52S Sete So oe ore Meee Eve Sits 5 Dk. oes ele a enna ire eC See 550 Little: Polawina Sos SU scsee Bl eee eee oe tL Sek Cee ee ere eee ate 100 Northeast Point (greatest of all rookeries) .-.......---....---.-------------- 3, 000 Total St. Paul Island, estimate for uncounted area ..........-......--. 5, 950 Kast Rookery (St. George, uncounted portion).........-.....-.-----.---. 200 Lapandie (Su. George) 26... eee Seabee emis te ose = ee eee 450 Total St. George Island, estimate for uncounted area .--........-..---. 650 Totalimncounted;/both islands: 2o20 i.e haces: ttt COSLLLIME RL SO 11 IY ily Fr ee ae —— Capit MUU ililar™ —= Sleeping fur seals. being over and the animals feeding at their natural habitat. It is a well-known fact of natural history that breeding male seals do not leave the rookeries during the breeding season, and that young pups can not leave the immediate vicinity of the islands until they depart on their first migration southward. From the almost constant presence on the hauling grounds of the nonbreeding males, it is also well established that they do not leave the islands to any great extent. The females alone constitute a class that feed at long distances from the islands during the breeding season. Their excursions in search of food extend over 200 miles, and com- mencing soon after the birth of their young are continued to the close of the season. There can be no doubt but that the nursing females are the most constantly exposed of any class of seals to the destructive methods of pelagic sealing in Bering Sea, and that their capture during the breeding season is, of all the agencies tending toward the diminution of the seal herd, the one most to be deplored. SLEEPING FUR SEAL. USUAL POSITION. AUGUST 7, 1894, BERING SEA. ( Floating back down, with hind flippers turned forward. Photographed at distance of 35 feet.) FUR SEALS JUST AWAKENED, AUGUST 7, 1894, BERING SEA. J ol ay ' i ; | | _— a ny. oe oes Ie en yi) who a) A ad hae be nae. Cm SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 21. The opening of Bering Sea to pelagic sealing has proved the most fatal of all the provisions of the Paris award. EFFECTIVE METHODS OF THE SEALING FLEET. The effectiveness with which pelagic sealing may be carried on in a circumscribed hunting ground like Bering Sea may be more clearly set forth by directing attention to the number of hunting boats engaged during the past season. The sealing fleet consisted of 38 schooners, carrying frum 6 to 20 boats or canoes apiece—the average number being about 12. The boats hunted in all directions, frequently going 10 miles away from the vessels to which they belonged, the hunting areas of the different schooners thus overlapping at times. I have often spoken canoes 8 miles from their schooners. Pursuing seals in this systematic way, 38 vessels carrying somewhat more than 450 boats, took 31,542 skins in six weeks, notwithstanding the fact that many of them were late in reaching Bering Sea from the Japan coast, and left early on account of having their North Pacifie catches on board, for the purpose of being early in market, on account of the impatience of Indian hunt- ers already wearied with the long Japan coast cruise, lack of provisions, or for other reasons. THE USE OF SPEARS. Of the Canadian fleet in Bering Sea, all but six schooners carried Indian hunters from Vancouver and Queen Charlotte islands. These natives have been taking seals off their own shores with the spear from time immemorial, and it was a fatal mistake on the part of the Paris Tribunal to underestimate the efficiency of spears in such hands, a fact doubtless well known to those having charge of the British side of the case. The spear used during the past season is very similar to that figured by Scammon twenty years ago in writing of pelagic sealing by these natives.! ‘lhe spear pole is 12 to 14 feet long, pronged, with two detach- able barbed iron spear points, secured by a 30-yard line, the end of which is tied to the boat. When a seal is struck the barbed points slip off the pole, the latter being recovered after the seal has been pulled alongside the canoe and clubbed. Seals fight vigorously at such times and seldom fail to leave permanent marks of their sharp teeth on boats and canoes, while large bulls are very dangerous to handle. Pelagic sealing is altogether impracticable for our own Aleut natives, their light skin-covered bidarkies not being constructed to withstand such attacks as wounded seals make with their teeth. CHANGE OF FEEDING GROUNDS. The fur seal changes its feeding grounds in Bering Sea from year to year. The changes appear to be quite marked, and are doubtless dependent on the food supply. The pelagic catch for the summer of 1894 was made chiefly to the southeast of the Pribilofs, the rest of the catch being made south, southwest, west, and northwest of the islands. A small proportion only were taken along the border of the plateau. Capt. J. W. Todd, of the sealer Rose Sparks. states that in 1889 he found seals plentiful to the northeast of the Pribilofs, and moderate numbers were to the northwest and southeast. In 1887, when sealing with the schooner Lilly L., he found the herd chiefly to the southeast, taking 197 seals in two days. ‘Marine Mam., Seammon, Dp. 159. 22 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Captain McCauley, of the sealer Beatrice, found seals plentiful 250 miles to the westward of the Pribilof Islands in 1891. Captain McLean, of the sealer Favorite, also reports a great abundance of seals to the westward of the islands in 1891 (latitude 56° 50’, longitude 173° 30’), ten canoes taking (with guns) 972 seals in three days. Captain Guillams, of the sealer Louis Olsen, having in former years found seals in greatest numbers to the westward of the Pribilofs, eruised persistently in that portion of Bering Sea during the past season, taking only 84 seals. Many other sealers confidently expecting to find the bulk of the seal herd to the westward of the Pribilofs cruised there at the opening of the past season without success, but later made good catches to the southeastward. While engaged in pelagic sealing investigations with the United States revenue cutter Corwin in 1892 fur seals were plentiful to the westward of the Pribilofs, the cutter Rush, cruising to the east at the same time, meeting with very few. NOTES ON THE FOOD OF SEALS. Captain Todd says the food of seals taken near the mainland consists largely of salmon, and that this is true of the Japan and Copper Island sealing grounds as well as of the North American coast. Captain Magnesen, of the sealer Walter Karle, reports the seals taken on August 25, 1894 (latitude 56° 13’, longitude 172° 44’), as feeding on salmon. Capt. S. Balcom, of the sealer Walter Rich, reported taking salmon occasionally from the stomachs of seals speared in Bering Sea in August, 1894. Capt. H. F. Siewerd, of the sealer Mascot, in 1894, collected the stomachs of three seals, containing pollock apparently, at the following position: Latitude north 56° 10’, longitude west 171° 45’; August 28, latitude north 58° 01’, longitude west 173° 29’; latitude north 58° 02’, longitude west 172° 45', September 8. Captain Siewerd writes that other seals opened at the first position contained nothing but squid, and at the second position cod and squid; but it is possible that the fish observed were pollock, which closely resemble cod. Contents of the stomachs of 33 fur seals! taken during the month of August, 1894, at distances varying from 100 to 140 miles west and northwest of the Pribilof Islands, along the border of the plateau, collected by A. B. Alexander, with the schooner Louis Olsen, show the following: | Sex Date. | Latits ade | Longitude; __ Contents of stomach. north. | west. | | | | M.| F. | heat ple | a ee eee > | ° ‘ | 2) ! | Amis Ail Dh O0s|\ 17a) 48) |oe- ein An ae a uch digested, apparently pollock. 6 58 30| 173 56| 3 3 0. 6| 58 30] 173 56 | 1 | _..| Pollock or cod, with one-half dozen squid; beaks small. Th)? *58! 730 173 56 1 | 18 | Fish, much digested, apparently pollock. 7\ 58 30| i73 56), 11}... ) Full peck of red-tleshed fish resembling salmon; bones not | | determined. 10 |} 58 27) 172 46 1 | Fish, digested, probably pollock. 11 57 42 | UTE GP ERE a Pollock. | 1 Fifteen stomachs containing fish bones were saved for further examination, others thrown away. “ALIYOAVS YSNOOHOS ‘“Y3ATIYa SONVO N3GOOM GNvV ‘ant0 ONITMY f3aqdavd ! NOT SGYWA Of 3NIT 'HLIM SLNIOd YVAdS ONIHOVLEG 310d YvadS GALNIOd-31dNOG DNIMOHS “3ONVO DNITVSS 4O YSLNAH NVIGNI ta ae | iit sp — SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 23 Mr. Alexander reports the seals taken by the Olsen to have been feeding on pollock, whenever identification was made with certainty. Several seals were speared in the act of eating pollock, the fresh rem- nants making identification certain. During the cruise large cod were taken at sealing stations in depths of 60 and 70 fathoms, and were so abundant that the»decks could have been filled with them, although the stomachs of the seals taken contained pollock. The stomachs of the cod contained starfish, prawns, squid, jelly-fish, and a few small fishes; nothing of the kind being found in the stomachs of seals taken at the same positions. Some of the cod weighed 30 pounds, the aver- age being 9 pounds, while an examination of the fish eaten by the seals shows the fish to have been of the size of pollock or smaller. It would appear that the seals taken by the Olsen were feeding near the surface. PROBABLE USE OF FIREARMS IN SEALING DURING SEASON OF 1894. In regard to the surreptitious use of firearms in Bering Sea, I have to state that conspicuous blood stains were noticed on several rookeries between September 9 and 12, 1894, both by the Treasury agents and myself, and indicated the presence of wounded animals. In a few cases dead seals were found. The blood as noticed in a dozen or more of places was spattered upon the rocks from the beach well back into the rookeries, leaving distinct bloody trails, with occasional bowlders well stained where the animals had paused. The stains were fresh, although being rapidly effaced by moving seals and wet weather. DEAD SEALS FOUND (ALL ADULTS). North rookery, 1 female; Starry Arteel, 1 female; Garbotch, 1 male and 5 females; Tolstoi, 3 females; Zapadnie, 1 male and 2 females; total, 14. The carcasses on Zapadnie were comparatively fresh, the others had been dead probably three weeks. From the fact of these carcasses being in the rookeries and rubbed and fouled by seals constantly crawl- ing over them, I could not determine the presence of gunshot marks, I have left out of the above court three rotten carcasses found on Gar- botch, that apparently died early in the season. Mr. A. B. Alexander reports that while cruising with the Louis Olsen firing was heard from the vessel on August 10 during foggy weather, and that the hunters reported hearing guns constantly while out in the boats the same day. The crew are of the opinion that the firearms were being used for sealing, although nothing was seen. The hunters of the Favorite reported in Unalaska on August 27 that they heard firearms in Bering Sea on several occasions. When I boarded the Walter Rich in Bering Sea September 6, the captain reported having speared a seal on the 5th freshly wounded with buck- shot. Reports of a similar character came to our ears at times during the season. The patrol fleet found it impracticable to search vessels at sea—nothing more than a cursory examination being possible under the circumstances. If guns are to be prohibited, sealing vessels should be searched at the Unalaska wharf, or some other favorable place where there is a possibility of overhauling their cargoes in an effective manner. 24 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Fur-seal catch in Bering Sea in 1894. [From official sources.]} AMERICAN VESSELS. Vessel. Males. Females. | Total. Remarks. Billaunnsonls. 62 22225: .405stt25.ths, sae 322 892 | 1,214] Entered at Port Townsend. ASG RIICR atte pee ce oe als oe epee eeeieran see ho eben 155 868 1, 023 Do. Suiehi bigs vai Vi [pee ee ene SEB Oeee 219 542 761 Do. Gigs Piha ee once teense ci cten otk Cane ce beta ctr 204 532 736 Do. Galan bide soe beers =< pigs Oe Cette cea area ees 180 223 403 Do. PNG ey NaS ene nae ene eee aeraccnc sai 128 199 327 Do. hevesarat ee ioe &. Skee steed y- be eae sie 81 237 318 | Entered at San Francisco. ROSE cS PARE B Bea sef = ccs sciatica ake =~ Serer 37 160 197 Do. SRLS PGE MAY ete Pate one a)oi= sole ala cle state min = eelen (alain aia 46 92 138 Do. Gots WING atece =o cts ee cmectisakdc cet eeniss 16 68 84 | Catch landed at Victoria. SRS tat hipers yaa te ee cfe-olnc ero wlale w.sieteiet tem (oeestsoiey ere 1, 388 3,813 5, 201 CANADIAN VESSELS. Vessel Males.| Females.| Total. Vessel. Males. | Females. ! Total. Bulb ray 450 Se cerise 1, 163 2,077 3, 220"||" Henriétta-...--.-2-2-- 427 340 767 Sapphire }:......-2-.-.- 1, 226 879 | 2,105 || Kilmeny........-.---- 307 327 634 ATMTIE MOULE. Se wo sicms 938 1,009 | 1,947 || Saucy Lass .....-..-.-. 290 378 668 PROG 5255 jst tone see 1, 092 565 I, 667 || Mascot!....-.50.-+-.-- 299 246 1,103 1 rh eee Ss See aoe 679 986 | 1,665 || Mary Ellen......-..-.-- 105 352 457 Walter Rich... -.-.....- 1, 0v0 749 | 1,749 || Rosie Olsen....-...--- 425 431 856 Bary Orvite..uis 22.2.8 752 488 1 24GR Mere 2: chsh Stake ae 80 115 195 PREAUTICE eee cela clea < = 342 BIB AT SGO tA MTOCe teenk «- cmtada see 79 138 217 MatherinG:..2cs6scsce nt 490 5O9 1? TOSSA NAT IGbIS ? sc o--cc <<. os 20702 39 52 91 WieniMTOs vee saeweee seine 417 492 UU ASC) Mh ga cee saacioe 323 145 377 eateete Senco care ceee 303 564 BG: | LOPeSahecciaca ssc cestenelessitge = ol kuanceets 2670 Samia Osescestere since 256 593 749 || Labrador ........-.--- 179 381 560 Wa Wal a actes cae swlasie/sle 310 336 6467} Wimbring <2-6.-2------ 30 30 60 Walter Earle .....-.-.-.. 155 517 672 a ee Magrealis:S.- c-cteeees cc 90 1, 059 1, 149 Totals stint 25. 11, 705 14, 636 26, 341 TOTAL CATCH, AMERICAN AND CANADIAN, IN BERING SEA. Males. | Females.| Total. SAPP IGAIN sab s cube ee aoa e «cae tween eeniat 6 abien ow ole ieee asian ote isin oa wavs 1, 388 3, 813 5, 201 Ganatliann ca. du ssick sch wc cde bpeme sen cise cinapeacums cicme setae eicm ements aeaee ee 11, 705 14, 636 26, 341 FASHUAY oc he ec wa ceieicaioa ccc Jc =gl the OM EL tes Ee 13,093 | 18,449] 31, 542 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 25 Fur-seal catch of Canadian vessels for 1894. {From official sources. } Crews. Catch. British Bering Sea. Vessels. » | Tons. ‘ Indi- | Colum. | J2P82- Comer s Total. White * ese — ans. bia Island. coast. | ©028t- Male. | Female. ENGEL prise! os c)ceiic/s~s''= 69 D2i Ae tais eta. dincielate 1, 254 DA fain (erclorste te ae ale erate 1, 568. Rosie Olsen*aasssseeiece == 39 6 VOR acts cies e043" |S5o5245- 425 431 1, 899 Winbrin asc saeseresta sie 99 Be DEBE oboe ee eeS 2, 588 153 30 30 2, 801 Oscar and Hattie......-... 81 DAS | Rae ene Ase 1, 733 Vig Sgoogcisclloncicaters2 1, 909 Diana soo sses 2 sees = 150 HDs | Reena ice cicrerois 1, 961 Co By leaden aaa aeinse 2,394 rend assess 2s sees ee 100 QB Passes cele encle st 2, 383 BY Bi leSsoscndd be ereeese 2, 726 ATI See ace : 73 2m eta see Seicieic ciate 1, 603 AR ellocoocbeo beeseesen 2,108 City ot San Diego.....---. 46 GH | EA eer iaeiscre sis 1, 3804 AY loosens Scolloshsanoee 1, 554 Many Dandorisici seen = =: 43 ID) |iseoockoqjoessHacs 874 PR sseccecallbnopeenor 1, 124 Bibbier- = 22.0. ste eects 93 Wel esesre sl te. cetet 1, 010 ZO! Steraiclteate eee seis 1, 210 May PBEM G2 i. steamer Se. 58 1 0: EE Peal ees an | 925 GOT terete fe auesacie 1,122 Manyiilen sect seeess ee 63 DB) |rerers eo ete SE eee 1, 909 86 105 | 352 2, 452 Walwa 2 Siac ios ces aside 2 see 92 Behe at re, een oe Ieee cl Exreeeeiaeae [ae tre lskenecess 1, 437 Wie Sayward sss-s2250 60 20M Meas seals laatcyalete 606 Bi: Senses penobeioer: | 641 BReneloper.is--- see sce 70 OM aes se |sacecece|” Loe 741) hy acide Peeisereets ye eel (LP Weta, osassiecdanate ents 60 TC CES Se set Gre Berens MAUD Ab oetemee 80 1LSRE e270 Carlotta!G: Cox ...222% 22: 76 aR aes Be oi ss SS 4) eee att (On ee ead ae ah eee aes 1, 947 Prumph nase nseeeeee cee 98 8 36 P20 eee oe isse sees: 1, 163 2,077 | 4,560. Oitot ss: seh eee terete 86 AST ATS epee eee | 1,014 UP Ta Bert a yc Kooees e's 5 1, 637 WB. Marvins.02220242.- 96 BS febcnvadd ok «(59 rihie) OS fe eee Peete te: 2,118 Sapphirers cose sees et 109 8 32 GS babi erica seta mebeeesee 1; 226 879 2, 640 Annie E. Paint.........-. 82 | PLN BS Ets Bene v..| 1,497 Gey ane bases 4 ot 2, 028 (Geneva esas o eee eisai 92 Dasa eeet Al ss sel lla OR FOSinckees teense 1, 650: Teresa. 45h geese eee. 63 3 ye Beat Ae rs Pa em i) 15202 P20 eae eee (eaiacctaend | 1, 222 Sadie Lunpeli-2 22-22-2522: 56 Pil peels Bathe ee (oa | 1,783 a g(a Wn bean eae (reece cley od | an Lk 9 Ocean Belley.2 332-222. -2..- 83 PPA ts Ate hee eg 530 Pk tal reiaaciee Ieee nce | 804 Mind Sos22rs dense act 97 DU lesibalials las toa 1,343 or ig alee hie a 1, 429 AMITOra xo 4esoeeeecines aoee 41 LE ase SR dl Seopa 693 21 79 | 138 | 931 Florence M. Smith. ...... 99 DFA eS he eae. | 96 Stdlneeie eens eet | 177 Beatricek Ges owe een 66 5 22 Ae eee EEE eee 342 818; 1,518 IMAScob sseo fone sense 40 4 1S oEensere | DEE Receeece 299 246 1, 103 Haworitey sansa osthise cscs: 180 5 37 (a eer ceel er ersere 752 488 1, 846 Annie C. Moore.......... 13 8 37 Oth iy ects ABE ore 938 1, 009 2, 256 Babradonss-ossc02 42064 25 5 14 Be hliecosradl obi bono 179 381 868 Wanderéresis - Sescsiccs 2: 25 2 7 OO Rte ec col Pa asa sssltanesece diols tote 400 Bioneers sseeacsseen sce ess 66 DAN aes. ae 418 -ls.2.222 D263" isvece cee es ese 1, 681 Saucy asst c- cess 58% 38 7 17 IY) NWesemoselineicoooae 290 378 | 838. Borealis ss2442 -sests s2c32% 37 6 20 B03 ent ese se| eects ae 90 1, 059 1, 452 Matharines2ssascic.22. =: 82 6 26 OGOt ees cee essa see 2 490 569 1, 328 Minoko: pos essere eet sss 75 5 22 AOE Nees ce alas Aras. 1, 092 565 2,124 Kate: 2. sega eee eee st 58 5 20 fice eseasG aoe ooe 303 564 946 Slielby aioe seein oe: 16 5 10 SN esata EN AON 232 145 411 WMemture sie eet ees~.- 48 3 A Re one) SaaS Der cre 417 492 909 Walter Richwercscos. ..- 76 9} 25 GH ee osacalfapeosctce 1, 000 749 2,440 Mountain Chief .......... 23 1 13 NG Seo Sosa Gsecerac ene soon bedeLead. 175 Fisher Maid sescess cece ON ee mias 2 8 QO acre alee Seca neaeeeee | mastemeets 92 Minniec.ccieteseeececoes 46 6 20 fe A EE Bees noeosacs 679 986 2,153 Dani J O86) 2 se see an eee 31 5 14 Nhe incietorelltecatcern 256 593 869 KGIMENY, ~ onc os eet e aoe 19 2 1 Pl Be Sees eemeese per eres 307 327 684 Henrietta 22-2 2 oeeeeee cae 31 5 a le ie) Ee [ese ee ge 427 340 1, 082 CPD MRands.b6sseee ee 51 7 DON Cob yaleaeer ane | ve tom Sil pee es Peano! | 357 IBGatrice s-tiac-ececeeseaces 49 7 WN ee eer ease T7034 |= Sas m ane loeerciae = ie careless 1, 703 Canoelicaich (by dmdiansen|)--- 227 s\'s<-05-2-|eo< eee BAG RG ate ae ee Ree vo cere ens ieee 3, 989: BR Ota (Phesans S2- 37-413 SOS ees Ee eo ne 326 Henry Dennis | 6 855 861 RE Tearing enh eerste ce els tae ol afe sieidintn oni aaie ial wialem aia iaratciafata'al| acim alate eels 1, 292 alent aases ce sees accu cerebere aceasta son seme ioaae ae 862 AGT (BIW e Secon ee esobac ha ine bacaoronaD sate dccecs | 1, 293 Kate and Ann 687 1 UTES il ORE Ce ee 1, 615 s RCW EM OLS SEE SSA Re SES 35 SSSes ae 1, 281 Pa A oer) ce ook ae weistmncp es eae 678 SUCRE HIT EES So geese seoeOLe anoonca ssetecacnos 150 Li (ray lo bltt ae Capea e tees cornered ae Je messscacs se [isacssoeton|ssacaesnc|eccncemeae)- meee] aaeme eee TE Gin One 8 UNE ne ESE IORIC BOO EAE SES cricieters a acm Weeoec neo BPO iescocm een a 535 En A El iwer od ncaa) eecencs oremdee tas om ee een| genes teh eee 862 i eee 1, 152 Muli p INT ner rit Baers sd on Ben saunie 56 5 aed ose 24\Soueneoent a BOT |easeseen <<) 5 See 857 TESTE Nhe cae ee dae sa dce Saas sep spedisgos Soeroa4| Seeder arene [17] oa ees seen erent Se 656 | PTE SIT(D HRS eRe er Ae On Goo Tea OSD Ens Socal Scammers 325 TOD) |. ajcreuesiae 427 AP HRIey Ble cee «ain coca wien atstaiemas ale wiaig ne oem setae eens 837 661. |S ecpaee 1, 498 Jee iG. AAR erent pee oer 1, 046 09) |. ccc eae 1, 155 Rosie Sparks | COI DEI Ameer ee 197 617 fon, er | oie Bebe me aeeeer oc occ ote So Uge SC COmeno memo! SEN. dae oe el Sod. ok kins) cos ee 36 Sophia Sutherland...-...-.--.---- nero: Maer es Ciena TATSS) tae ce est see 1, 788 Spe OTIS) GSS kbs DOeGOrO RET OGeer boone aececeooonaTnoe EAB Bas Snes GOON Soa oasis eee 600 iollairl and anes. oo oo emaseeens Soe nee ceca e eee. Isoena cemoe etmemee sel ree iene ot 761 761 OS aoe te Hes oyu, aie lat b=” a yo Mh bs We oly Se ey 4 a My beta Stes 24 We yy AP Tuly 24 Yu yt MW an "mmission of Fish and Fisheries. Wp Nd. >OLAVINA ROOKERY jul Island, Bering Sea. area occupied by Hur Seals in 1895, as determined by . H. Townsend, Assistant. Scale: 528 ft.-linch. 66: 9 1 Z cm Sunches interval approximately 106 tir bed area - mired vegetatiow. disturbed from time to ime by seals hating, OF UPWIOT GT ass . 3 Breeding Grounds. ——~ Hauling : ate of examination July 24 8 Doc /37_ 541 Le aes wv Peal Grp hep i el Thin Seoathe —__"“a es Beant Roe td ick : ? a ; 7 i gaa a wie 7 Suly 2% U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. POLAVINA ROOKERY S! Paul Island, Bering Sea. Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895, as determined by C. A. Townsend, Assistane. INDEX CHART Se aiaitu i. Q@ntour interval approximately 10ft Undisturbed area - mixed vegeatiow. Arca disrarbed from time ta time ly) seats hauling, Scant or untbr m grass. TT Breeding Grounds. --=— Hauling ~ Date of ecamination July 24 Base Map prepared by Joseph Stanley- Brown THE NOAA PETERS 1), MOTOLITHO. wanna my rarerres 8 Doc (37. 541 rr. aH, a . 7 ae mall in juan a AGT a Ey tg pm nag ae a Aye sy avate if a 4 =a U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. KETAVIE & LUKANNON ROOKER S¢ Paul Island, Bering Sea. Showing area occupied by Fur Sealtin 1895, ax determined by ¢, H. Townsend, 4 2 Seale: 5284. “Line x RT teal |i , Undistarbeal area ~ rimed vegetation Area discarded from time to timeby seals hauliry, Scart or urdforny grass. [EGG Breeding Grounds. Hauling « Dato of examination July 16 re Sw KERB oho Sha. 15 27 duty 20 INDEX CHART U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. REEF & GARBOTCH ROOKERIES. S‘ Paul Island, Bering Sea. Showing area occupied by Fur Seals tv 1896, as determined by C, H. Townsend, Assistant. 2 S08) Ondusturhed area -mtcedk yegetatiow. ' 5) seme or Unenr rte, rae g Area dasturtab Frome tine tw time by seals: 4 ehh Fass. fen Date of examination July 21 INDEX CHART Jt fe / SraLion Rock pret lee. éqegh pl beware, tl, sll 7 4 "8 Doc_A7-Z2 64 I | | . bot tx 1268 Farmaies on whole reckary uly /0 ang) Bering Sea. 00 pad by Pur Seals in 1995, Gh ov NIL, Aesintone. S2BN.-1inch. L———__} aid aximatety 10fC. Base Map prepared by Josaph Stanley- Brown fest, bee ee he Lea Pet oe S Doc. 437.54 1 ON INDEX CHART "8 Doe /37 S41 y Jorph Stankey- Brown ee Map prepared ing Sea. Assistant. i. Seale: Beri area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895, eorge Island 0, SG Showing as déermined by Townsend, 524 ft. Gortour irterval PProximately 10 feet. fissea] Unutis war bed are ~ ceed vegetation, retina ia fine to three Wy Seals hassling, foe Pron Pale ee a Date of eeamination July 19 GE) Breeding Grounds. --=— Hauling | “Arca disturbed fromm tine to time ty seals haalirg, Sard OF Uno TegTass. By 1895, & Sea. & |, Assestant ley Brow as determined by ©. H. Townsend, Assistance. 528 ft. as determined by Townsend, CH St George Island, Bering Sea. Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in 1895. STARRY ARTEEL ROOKERY Showing area occupied by Fur Seals in ~ St George Island, Bering Base Moy prepared by Soneph Sani ee eigee HN aie ike sat sco Ps —— ria avin, ms: * bs = —_ wd vb heorox mo. ah faandenrywhl | dsth os seth 7 rai */ B ¢ a Eee SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 27 THEYROOKERT ES IN 1695. LETTER OF FPRANSMITTAL. U. 8S. COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES, OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER, Washington, February 1, 1896. Str: I have the honor to forward herewith copies of two reports by Mr. C. H. Townsend, naturalist of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross, entitled as follows: Report upon the condition of the seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, in 1895. Report on pelagic sealing in 1895. The former is illustrated by 11 charts and 42 photographic views, of which only the charts have been completed, and are now transmitted. The photographs are in course of printing and will be furnished at an early date. Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL, Acting Commissioner. The SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Washington, D. C. INTRODUCTION. In the present report are recorded the results of observations made by the writer on the fur-seal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, during the summer of 1895, in coutinuation of the annual inquiries respecting that subject, beginning with the season of 1892. It is accompanied by 1l charts and 42 photographic views, duplicating those of previous years—the former indicating the outlines of the breeding grounds and those of the hauling grounds in part, the latter illustrating the condition of the more important portions of each rookery at the height of the’ breeding season. The stations from which the photo- graphs were taken are the same as those previously occupied for that purpose, while the dates of both the charts and photographs correspond as closely with those of preceding years as the conditions of weather permitted or other circumstances, explained below, made advisable. PRIBILOF ISLANDS. The steamer Albatross first reached St. Paul Island, of the Pribilof group, on June 24, 1895, being then en route to the Commander Islands, Siberia, and remained at the former place until noon of the 26th. Mr. F. W. True, curator of mammals in the United States National Museum, together with an assistant, was landed on St. Paul Island for the pur- pose of making a series of independent observations respecting the rookeries, as was also Mr. N. B. Miller, assistant on the Albatross, the latter being provided with the necessary outfit for beginning upon the season’s photographie work in case of any unforeseen delay in the return of the ship. 28 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. I spent the 25th and the forenoon of the 26th in going over the rook- eries of Lukannon, Ketavie, Reef, Lagoon, and Tolstoi. Female seals were scarce, none being observed on any of the rookeries at a distance of more than 50 or 60 feet from high-water mark, although the usual rookery area was occupied by bulls. The harems in course of formation along the beaches were as yet very small, the average number of females to each being five. About one-fourth of the females were nursing new- born pups, the others being conspicuously gravid. Some sections of rookery ground were still covered with snow and a number of new-born young with the red placent still attached were lying upon the snow. Occasional females were noticed arriving from the sea, but none were seen leaving. There were no signs of any then coming into heat. A hasty count by harems of females and young at two favorable points resulted as follows: Lukannon.—10 females, 5 pups; 2 females, 1 pup; 15 females, 2 pups; 4 females, 1 pup; 9 females, 4 pups; 9 females, 3 pups. Ketavie.—14 females, 6 pups; 6 females, 1 pup; 8 females, 2 pups; 7 females, 4 pups; 10 females, 3 pups; 10 females, 2 pups; 8 females, 3 pups; 5 females, 1 pup. The hauling grounds were fairly well occupied. A drive was made from Reef rookery on the morning of the 25th, about 1,200 being killed. At 1p. m. the rejected seals had in large part returned to Zoltoi Neck, from which they had been driven, and were hauled out nearly all the way across. A drive of about 1,000 seals from Polavina rookery was made on the 26th, from which about 700 were killed. COMMANDER ISLANDS. The Albatross sailed at noon on June 26 for Bering Island, Siberia, where we arrived on July 3. Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, curator in the United States National Museum, was landed for the season, in order to study the condition of the seal rookeries and the habits of the Com- mander Island seals, respecting which he made an important series of observations during the years 1882 and 1883. The 4th was spent in visiting North rookery, 12 miles distant from Nikolski village, the trip being made on dog sleds furnished by Governor Grebnitzky. Although the weather was not clear, I succeeded in making highly satisfactory panoramas of the rookery, which lies in two sections, separated by a space of about three-fourths of amile. Therookery is located at Yushin Point at the extreme northern end of the island. The larger section of the rookery occupies a flat, reef-like peninsula, the smaller being on the beach to the southwestward. Very few bachelors were present, and these were scattered so close to the breeding seals that distinct hauling grounds were not apparent. The breeding seals were very densely packed upon their respective areas, a large portion of the females having brought forth their young. ‘The latter were beginning to collect into groups by themselves, and the females were rapidly coming in heat. North rookery, the most important of the four rookeries on the Com- mander Islands, I estimated to be of about the same size and impor- tance as Tolstoi rookery on the Pribilof Islands. With but one other rookery approaching it in size, it is evident that the seal fishery of the Commander Islands is of very moderate value as compared with that of the Pribilof Islands, while it is certain that there is at present no such supply of seals as would be necessary for the maintenance of the large fleet of vessels now operating upon this herd during its migra- tions between Bering Sea and the coast of Japan. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 29 The positions where seals were taken by pelagic sealers during the season of 1895 in the waters adjacent to the Commander Islands were for the most part to the eastward, southward, and westward of the islands, within a radius of 100 miles, the catch of one vessel having been made off Cape Nagikinsky, 200 miles to the northwest. The data are derived from the log books of 5 American vessels whose catches aggregate 714 seals, taken between July 5 and September 4. In the year 1892 the schooner Henry Dennis made a catch of 563 seals between July 2 and August 28 in these waters, all seals being taken within 170 miles of the islands. The sex of seals taken is not stated. The total number of seals obtained by the combined Canadian and American fleets off the Russian coast during the season was 7,648, the positions where seals were taken by Canadian vessels not being at hand. During the season of 1895 a sealing fleet numbering 45 vessels took 38,732 seals belonging to the Commander Isiands herd, along the coasts of Japan and Russia. To this number should be added the catch made by a Small fleet of a dozen or more vessels belonging to Japan, of which we have received no record. The Japan and Russian catch for the season is considered small, and would have been unprofitable but for a shortage in the total pelagic catch and a consequent advance in the price of seal skins. PRIBILOF ISLANDS. The Albatross returned to St. Paul Island on July 9, when I took up my quarters on shore for the season. ; Resuming the observations left off in June, the rookeries of Lukan- non, Ketavie, Lagoon, Tolstoi, and a portion of Reef rookery were examined very minutely and the breeding females occupying them carefully counted. This work, with brief visits to all the other rookeries, occupied the time until the 16th, when Ketavie and Lukannon rookeries were visited tor chart data. Onthe 17th we went to St. George Island, where all the rookeries were photographed and their areas platted on the charts during the 18th and 19th. Returning to St. Paul Island on the 20th, the chart and photographic work was taken up and pushed rapidly to completion, the charts being finished on the 24th and the photo- graphic series on the 27th. From this date until August 9 I was engaged in making natural his- tory observations on the rookeries, and in setting up artificial land- marks to outline the present limits of the rookeries and serve as guides for their delineation in future. The latter work consisted in painting on suitable bowlders, in white lead, large crosses (+) that would be conspicuous from the photographie stations, and would appear in the panoramas that might be made hereafter. These crosses, placed on Northeast Point, Polavina, Reef, Tolstoi, and Upper Zapadnie rookeries, on St. Paul Island, and on Zapadnie rookery on St. George Island, were located with reference to the limits of the breeding grounds or the points where seals were massed. On Northeast Point rookery four crosses, visible from Station 5, mark the rear limits of the principal masses of seals. On Polavina rookery four crosses mark the limits—two on each side of Station G. On Reef rookery five crosses from stations 17 to 15, mark limits or masses. On Tolstoi rookery five crosses mark limits. On Upper Zapadnie rookery six crosses mark limits or masses. 30. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. On Zapadnie (St. George Island) a cross marks the extreme western end of the rookery. It seems advisable to have these artificial landmarks extended to some of the other rookeries and located on their respective charts. Photographic Station G, on Polavina, was marked F by mistake and should be corrected. Photographic Station 5, on Northeast Point, was appropriately marked. CONDITION OF ROOKERIES IN 1895 AS SHOWN BY CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. The changes that have taken place in the rookeries since July, 1894, are so marked that their depleted condition in July, 1895, is in general apparent upon comparison of the charts and photographs covering the two seasons. The usual number of seals not having appeared at the customary time of commencing the photographic work, the latter was purposely delayed in order that the ground might have ample time to fill up, the dates at which the photographs were made being mostly a week later than in 1894. Even after the slight spreading of “the breed- ing seals that takes place as the season advances, the grounds were not at any time during 1895 occupied by their usual numbers of seals. Rookeries, or breeding grounds, strictly speaking, are the tracts within the limits of which young seals are brought forth, being perfectly dis- tinct areas as contrasted with those over which they spread of their own accord somewhat later, The “spreading” which results from the swelling of the rookeries by the birth of thousands of young was scarcely perceptible during the season of 1895, the limited number of adults on the rookeries making it unnecessary for the animals to seat- ter to the usual distances from the beaches. Many old breeding males occupied their former positions in the rear of the rookeries, but remained alone, or with but two or three females during the season, their harems having been absorbed by harems nearer the “beach and not permitted to pass back. Many of the branches of rookeries formerly extending well back of the breeding grounds at favorable points where the seals lie in masses have this year been absorbed into the main body of breed- ing seals. These changes are shown in the photographs of some of the rookeries and are represented on the charts. In many narrow rookeries stretched along beaches where the number of seals is not great, changes caused by a decrease in seal life are not of such a character as to be apparent in photographs until actual breaks occur. All such rookeries confined to narrow beach slopes are now thinned out to the verge of breaking apart in many places. They no longer overlap on to the level ground usually found above the slopes, and the surplus of male seals derived from their adjacent hauling grounds is no longer of any impor- tance. Breaks which occur in rookeries are always carefully noted, as they are sure indications of decrease in the seal life of rookeries here- tofore continuous. Certain thin sections as observed in 1894 indicated breaks likely to follow further decrease in seal life. As a result of the heavy loss of female and young seals caused by pelagic sealing in Bering Sea in 1894, many of the predicted breaks actually occurred in 1895, The destruction of a much larger number of females and young, through the operations of the sealing fleet in Bering Sea in 1895, will cause a reduction in the class of breeding seals next season, amounting practi- cally to the loss of continuity in all the thin rookeries on the islands and rendering the business of pelagic sealing unprofitable. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 31 The thinning out of the breeding seals and the consequent recedence of the breeding limits toward the beaches is followed by the encroach- ment of grass upon the bare ground but recently occupied by seals. Attention is called to a series of photographs taken annually which are illustrative of this feature. It is impossible towrepresent satisfactorily the decrease of the rook- eries by photographs or charts. The former are limited in number and have frequently to be taken from unfavorable points, while the reduction of a great tract more or less occupied by seals to the limits of a small photograph is often misleading except to those familiar with the ground. The case of the charts is similar, the changes in extensive areas of land not being impressive when indicated upon charts of small scale. Special attention is called, however, to the large panoramas taken from Stations 5, 17, and G, showing the large rookeries of Northeast Point, Polavina, and Reef. In all of these very comprehensive views the decrease in the number of seals and the withdrawal of the breeding limits toward the sea front is apparent. ST. PAUL ISLAND. Northeast Point rookery.—The thin patches of seals upon each side of Sea Lion Point are reduced in numbers and area. From station 6 to the point two important breaks occur at points opposite the marshes. From the point to Station 5 the rookery has visibly narrowed and the seals have decreased in numbers. From Hutchinson Hill one of the most important changes of the year is visible. The photograph from Station 5 shows the wide rookery ground to be narrower than ever before. At only one point were young seals born as far back as the base of the hill. At Station 4 the change is amply shown by the pho- tograph, which, although taken eleven days later than in 1894, shows no indication of seals spreading to their former limits. South.of Station 4 the seals for the first time failed to cover an important tract extend- ing back in the direction of Hutchinson Hill. This is shown in the photograph from Station 3. The animals usually somewhat massed at this point have found room upon the immediate beach slope. From Station 3 to Station 1 the breeding seals are confined to the narrow beach slope, very difficult of examination. Here the rookery is exceed- ingly thin, which is indicated to a slight degree in rather unsatisfac- tory photographs. The decrease in the number of seals at this great rookery since 1894 is very marked. Polavina rookery.—The main rookery, situated on a comparatively level tract, is Shrunken perhaps 50 per cent in dimensions, and at no point extends back to the limits of 1894. The small communities occu- pying the ledges under the cliffs north of the point were much reduced in numbers, and with the exception of a few stragglers did not overlap on the plateau above. The photograph of the main rookery, taken at short range, shows the breeding line to have receded toward the beach, while the level ground at the left remained unoccupied. Another view from Station 21, at still shorter range, shows a loss of seals from the foreground and extreme background. At Little Polavina rookery the branches of the rookery extending back on the plateau have been absorbed, while the remnant along the cliff is thinned and lies in patches. Foggy weather prevented satis- factory photographic work. Lukannon rookery.—The breeding line here was drawn somewhat lower than usual, and at no time during the season were the seals 32 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. hauled back to the customary limits. For the first time during my observations of this ground no young were born on the hill above Station 12. Photograph 26 is useless for comparison, the breeding seals being altogether in the dim background to the left. The eastern two- thirds of Lukannon rookery was counted on July 12; it contained 1,840 females. Ketavie rookery.—Now thinner than ever before. It is broken apart in many places. All the young born this season were on the lower ledges, and there was no seasonal spreading back whatever. The ground is easily commanded, and a careful count was made. There were only 2,070 females between Station 12 and Ketavie Point. Photo- graph 13 shows a reduced tract, with bulls in the rear that were unable to form harems in 1895. The other photographs of Ketavie show a decrease. Reef rookery.a—A comparison of the charts and photographs of this ground for the seasons of 1894 and 1895 will show in a measure the change for the worse that has taken place. Photograph 16 shows the recedence of seals on the hill slope toward the water’s edge. Photo- graph 17 shows a recedence toward the sea and a very distinct decrease. The great extent of this panorama is more graphically indicated on the chart (east of Station 17). No. 18 shows the recedence of the seal belt resulting from diminished numbers and the consequent isolation of old bulls on breeding ground no longer reached by females. No. 19 shows a recedence from the higher ground. No. 20 shows a reduction and a recedence toward the water. The photograph of the grass area on this rookery is especially interesting as proving the rapidity with which grass takes possession of ground which a few years back was teeming with seals. This area, devoid of grass in July, 18)2, was selected and marked at that time for annual observation. Being now well grass- grown, as the photograph proves, it is valuable as showing the rapidity with which grass grows °n ground recently vacated by seals, a fact denied at some length by «se British Bering Sea commissioners (see British Counter Case, Fur Seal Arbitration, Ex. Doc. 177, part 8, p. 504). Not only has the area marked by cairns become grass-grown, but the entire tract between the rookeries is now a continuous meadow eovered with weeds and flowers. Lagoon rookery.—Here there has been a perceptible shrinkage at the ends. The photograph shows how the west end is breaking apart into small harems. This long and thin rookery may be expected to illus- trate next season the damage that will surely result from the past season’s loss of females and young. When counted on July 11, the whole area contained 1,268 female seals. Tolstoi rookery.—This rookery has diminished very perceptibly. Pho- tograph F shows that the seals no longer ascend the hill and surround the large bowlder on the extreme left, while photograph 11 shows a thinning out in the foreground and a recedence from the left end. Allowance should be made for a change in the shape of the bay itself, a hundred feet or more of sand having filled in the bight at the left end of the rookery. A pencil line on photograph 11 shows the true bear- ing of the camera. ‘Che number of female seals along the narrow beach from the dotted line toward the point at the right (see photograph 11) was 1,520 on July 11, 1895. Lower Zapadnie—Photograph 7 is too dim for comparison. Pho- tograph 7*, although made at long range, indicates a decrease. In photograph 8*, the camera having been wrongly placed, comparison with the preceding year is unfavorable, but diminished numbers are indicated. Lower Zapadnie is greatly reduced since 1894. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 33 Upper Zapadnie.—The view from Station 8 is too distant for satisfac- tory comparison, but reduced numbers are apparent. In photographs 9 and 10 it will be noticed that some old bulls in the rear of the rook- eries were unable to form harems, and in photograph 10 the continuity of the patch of seals near the sea is broken. In general there has been a shrinkage in territory and a marked reduction in numbers. ST. GEORGE ISLAND. North rookery.—Photograph 2 illustrates, on a small scale, the absorp- tion of the small harems in the rear into the main body of the rookery nearer the sea—the result of lessened numbers. This ground, when counted July 18, contained 110 females. Little East rookery.—There is here a decrease and a shrinkage in area, indicated to some extent in the photograph. East rookery.—A very perceptible reduction in numbers. Starry Arteel rookerya—A great reduction in numbers, with conse- quent abandonment of the high ground in the rear. Zapadnie rookery.—The change here is shown on the chart. The rookery has diminished in numbers and extent. The present condition of the rookery is well shown by a new photograph from Station H. List of the charts showing the outlines of the rookeries on the Pribilof Islands, July, 1895. ST. PAUL ISLAND. Northeast, Romp nookety: see sein. 2-- soe si eee a feelers Sap e at ia July 24, Chart A POlaWAN A TOONOLY: o.At 5am asia soso wae ete aeemin sie eeisc.n aetertin nant July 24, Chart B Ketamie and imikannon!rookeriest!s.2 22 st. 228 22. 22. July 16, Chart C Reetgand) Garbotchrrookerlesseasnacors asco. ae iee occ ase eee July 21, Chart D Rolstaivan dslial Gon TOOKe Mess: aa cioS = se es reais ctar ea ogee sae July 23, Chart E Zapadnie and English Bay rookeries.-.......---.------.----- July 20, Charts F and G ST. GEORGE ISLAN . Starny Arteel Tookerys = eae cess coe nica ho cin o acs sete en saee Se sjaiae'“,jee July 19, Chart H NGOrunyrOO Ke Dyess oct alee eis sie Sec 2 oleate Maieialc cimeimigie etasle Sis wisiaieit July 18, Chart I Bastand little Hast TOOkeries:..22.. 5.5 sseheundece oe -sc0 facses cose July 18, Chart J AAPAAUMIS LOOKESL Yi ae Sasso cioe ce ee een Saee ecole smcaie bee sue alseiers ace July 19, Chart K List of the photographs of the seal rookeries on the Pribilof Islands taken in July, 1895, by N. B. Miller and C. H. Townsend, showing the dates on which they were made. ST. GEORGE ISLAND. StarnysArteel Tookerys- sees. ects oselsa a ee Moa eaceei em -omes. Jos..c24 - J UL SiN Ba Me) A avinil a Rood ayy) ok SEE Sas he SS ea eo Oe ae eee 4 July 18 (N. B. M.) Tat esB ASG TOO KOT YA 2+» emma ae eS = Soe BA tet cal cielo ie aie hn wears July 18 (N. B. M.) YEA F, TROON ES wh yen pers onic a MR NAVE a oS OR La July 18 (N. B.M.) AAV ACNLO MT OOKELY, = eenereeite sete terete ears eee ee Met etna. July 19\(C. Hei) Notibesstiboimlirookeryeres.)s.50ssace Ws cee cots asics scone ees July 24 (C.H. T.) Eee avs POOKEN UES eee sa fos ce nee So cccae. categorie. « July 24 (C.H. T.) Polavunawoukery ss) sien CATs US SRO Tee OE) es kaligee © July 26 (N. B. M.) AMET ONULOO KEL s Se ere ee toe en me e te oe ceele eT g July 20 (N. B. M.) eter OO KET yee Seri eee ret se nee ne 8 ae July 20 (N. B. M.) IRECIBTOO Kel ype eee teen rena zyban Lee A July 20 (N. B. M.) A ETONBLOOKE Rye en mee peer nL es SE ee eee July 27 (C.H. T.) qi ISIEREIC Ey eee is Cd 8 Oe ae a aoe 2 July 24 (N. B.M.) LG MeeapAnnIe TOOKERN 68052 oo. 5 tbc oe cance decce senne-ec duly 20(C. HT.) CSN STS 0 DLISTED July 20 (C. H. T.) S. Doe. 137, pt. 2——3 34 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. NUMBER OF BREEDING FEMALFS ON THE ISLANDS. Upon the return of the Albatross to the Pribilof Islands on July 9, 1895, a general examination of the rookeries was made. Some of the narrower breeding grounds were so thinly covered with seals that it seemed quite possible to count them. Accordingly, Mr. True and I began on Ketavie rookery and on the 9th and 10th succeeded in taking a Satisfactory census. The harems seemed full and well defined, no coalescing having begun, and they were therefore counted separately. This work was continued with Lagoon rookery and portions of Tolstoi, Lukannon, and Reef rookeries, where female seals were counted as fol- lows: Ketavie, 2,218; Lukannon, 1,940; Lagoon, 1,216; Tolstoi, 1,539; Reef, 566. The whole number counted was 7,479. Narrow places limited to the beach slope, like Lagoon rookery, were not difficult to count from a boat when the sea was smooth, while no trouble was encountered in doing the same with thin rookeries that could be viewed from low cliffs. The value of the data secured can not be overestimated, it being the first time that rookeries were found suf- ficiently reduced in the number of breeding females to admit of their numbers being determined with any degree of precision, Although these rookeries may not have quite reached their breeding height, they were so near to it that the corrections to be applied are unimportant. With a very fair set of figures for the extensive area thus examined, we are able to form a more accurate estimate of the number of breeding females on the Pribilof Islands than ever before. Adopting the scale of the rookery charts prepared by Mr. J. Stanley-Brown (264 feet to 1 inch) we find the 7,479 seals counted to be distributed over 7.05 acres, making 1,061 seals to the acre. The remaining area occupied by seals has been computed at 54.47 acres, as based upon the rookery ground delineated on the charts for 1895. The result is a total of 65,239 breed- ing females for all the rookeries of the two islands. Some corrections might be applied for certain tracts on Reef, Tolstoi, and Northeast Point rookeries, where the seals always lie more or less massed, but I can not admit that there were between July 10 and 15 more than 75,000 breed- ing females present upon the islands. There is also a correction to be applied for a moderate number of females not on the rookeries at the time the breeding females were being counted. As the season was backward, and the females later than usual in arriving, their appearance was made en masse, so it is altogether probable that the number of absentees was not important. From the 10th to the 15th of July the rookeries were filled with females that had just brought forth their young. They had not notice- ably begun going to sea to feed, and at no other time were so many coming in heat. It is altogether unlikely that any very important number of females could have been away from the rookeries at a time when the females were still in excess of young. Mr. True found the percentage of young to be 62 on July 9, while on July 20 the young were everywhere in excess of females. Later in the season 50 per cent, at least, of the females were customarily absent from the rookeries. — ' a 5 + .. . BS pe | é si, Ketavee freres, 2.3/8 on | ee ea CARY) reer Aleres, 9724 ee a es 38 | Lys tae | Ze a hee hereto Aer et, 0797 | Malavee Aeresahi0 ‘ - a Slarry Airtéel. Acres 4473 7 art. . Acres, 3.043 Lapaadn'e fleres, 3.042 - i ae = | | | | | 08 eS a #5 ae Lower ofbastreck Acres , 3,573 WZolstic Aeres, #999 Pola vena Heres 2.306 a Forth Cac Poiut Heres 16087 A a Lipper Li ofedine - eves, F146 | aa rea <4. ret = F = 7082 AertS, cones eee eeae. ee by attiat Saas L479 Seale ¢ u Corn, Per p ed Lc Total breeding Females 5,239 $ Doc 42/54 1 ; SS = \ aecusony i ——<——$« —_—_—__—_——— es ren .tSvoD SLSR. = sa snr pee | x REVANE = —— “ ae " SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 35 Census of Ketavie rookery, by harems, from North End to Ketavie Point, on July 9 and 10. (‘The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. ]} - = j | 14 34 | 75 42 1 1 10 37 | 14 3 7 1-| a 3 14 8) 32 22 | 2 18 | 15 12 1 4 88 13 | 14 | 24 27 10 60 “5 5 9 3L 12 | 12 | 22 11 13 40 13 6) 26 23 35 | 17 15 25 21 10 16 11 34 5 1 | 21 3 27 10 8 52 1 2: | 27 10 | 13 | 2 22 5 8 1 18 15 43 29 13 | 10 18 55 23 5 50 9 1 1 | 4 | 16 34 1 24 47 21 21 29 3 | 9 | 10 3 1 28 13 17 12 145 15 | 13 | 2 10 2 43 13 23 20 64 8 | 16 6 23 L a ts Wiholentimberot breedin® females) ee calsse orien ae a5 sais ernie einele «/e)ntaini 2, 218 AWAD 8 Tininy) CARE hn escce ae asisone Jon aon Rone QOD ASE daSropege Seotdraada 119 ANVOLS OO Lemales GOI arOMs sere = so stele ae nicl teleini elainist dein aoe oie ink Sete aa aol 18 — Census of Lagoon rookery, by harems, on July 10. [The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. | | | | 8 eo | ("a8 2 i) §/ io! | 4 | 5 oy CE 16 | 9 20 | 31 24 | 1 15 | 2 20 | 1 20 | 38 16 | 8 Pl Noa 3 oie: i 6 St ne 12 16 4 28 4 23 | 6 | Tiler 1 4 41 | 37 Wh Gf sO x He Gy |e dd 20 2 16 21 4 42 | 48 4 | 26 | 1 25 4 a 4 1 || 39 3 10 4 18 15 1 8 1 3 | 24 | 16 | 22 10 | 25 41 | | | | Wiholemumpber/oL breeding females 22 oc. oo oe meee - sae soe ninin sp asiean 1, 216 Wibolemumber of harems-.-..-..--0-+----.----= eee tao eae oe cinee tee 80 PACVera ZO LUMAles| COMMANEM Hsaiisse soccise laine’ <= pile Sec sercee se eee Jee de 15+ Census of Tolstoi rookery, by harems, from the Point to end of Grass Bluff, on July 11. (The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem.] 7 9 12 | 7 8 15 4 14 3] 10 8 16 20 12 24 13 10 12 1 1 1 4 16 16 15 31 18 17 15 ji i 10 9 6 1 13 | 20 15 10 34 8 19 ai aye| af 11 18 26 4 20 1 29 3 14 3 2 25 16 3 26 28 2 9 24 27 1 11 45 8 7 if: 45 4 20 42 6 | 1 21 5 2 29 1 6 11 1 1 9 i 22 51 7 15 3 32 3 37 25 6 23 15 5 18 5 47 24 11 18 10 31 13 31 1 4 1 | | | oe : | Wihole numberof breeding females: .J2/) 2). 22k ess eek. 1,539 Niholemumberornaremisers voces cnmmm ace tence cob er aioe setae topes 113 AV ETAXe OM alOst LOL NareM=-tsccsescesese sees re esse meer nce ace eee 13+ Census of Lukannon rookery, by harems, from bluff to ledge of flat rocks, on July 12. (The numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. ] | | 26 | 35 18 | 12 3 10 9 5 39 18 27 | 1 5 51 5 16 9 | 55 1 9 | 14 27 31 6 26 9 21 | 3 48 35 44 46 14 16 34 1 Pa 54 17 40 | 1| 19 2 68 25 10 17 40 8 11 32 | 6 21 45 7 10 1 | 68 30 24 45 | 70 22 53 7 18 21 16 12 3 38 62 28 3 21 9 5 2 3 35 5 | 2 36 13 13 11 19 12 74 iWholemnumber of breeding females... cece cerienceas cele sacccnanee ane 1, 940 Witolemnmber Onibaremsfeec nesses cases se eer ee en eee ome 89 36 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Census, by harems, of a portion of Reef rookery, below bluff north of Station 19, on July 15. | be numbers indicate breeding females in each harem. |] i ia ett Bhd 2 7| 3 9} 7] 14] 5 9 10 4) “16 25) 11 16 16 1 | 21) 14 | 4 9 4| $87 8| 14 90; 9 | 56 | 1 1 | ene | Wyo Whole number of breeding females. -.-.....-..--.----.----------------- 566 Wiholenmamber@t harem: oo. een eee aie eae ee == = ee 33 A-verage females) to harem... 2... ose we ewe ie nen n-ne 17 Whole number of breeding females counted on Ketavie, Lukannon, Tolatol, Lacoon and) heen TOOKEYICS: <2ss.oscs ccs seco clecweess=seene== 7,479 Vile) Gel dune Crain og re oe eee pees eon a ees ao sae aes eee 434 Average females to harem .............------------0- Bas Saeco b= 17+ RESTORATION OF THE ROOKERIES. With the number of breeding females in the Pribilof seal herd dimin- ished to about 75,000 in July, 1895, and this number further reduced by the pelagic loss of August and September (certainly not less than 30,000 females out of the catch of nearly 44,000), we have remaining a very limited breeding stock, and yet, notwithstanding this circum- stance, if absolute protection can be guaranteed to the seals without delay and for a term of years, the stock is still large enough to insure a comparatively rapid restoration of the rookeries. If there be no further loss of females during the present winter by sealing on the Northwest Coast, we may fully expect to find the rookeries in 1896 occupied by the present number of breeding females, about 45,000, together with several thousand 3-year-old females that will then become breeders. It is exceedingly difficult to calculate the increase of 3-year- old breeding females for that time, there being no record of the propor- tion of 2 and 3 year old females lost during the pelagic sealing of the past two seasons. It is evident that the loss of over 50,000 pups in 1894-95 will result in a poor showing of breeding females in 1897-98. Supposing, however, that the existing breeding females, with their female progeny, were secured against destruction in future, the restora- tion of the rookeries would be certain, and the rate of increase more rapid from year to year. The following table showing the increase in seal life that would naturally result from the complete protection of females is based upon the natural-history facts that they breed annually from the third year and produce both sexes in equal numbers. The loss from natural causes, such as old age, injuries received on the rookeries, killer whales, etc., is probably unimportant. Assuming a breeding class of 50,000 seals in 1896, there is shown an increase to nearly half a million in ten years, while at the end of twenty years the breeding females alone number over 6,500,000. The annual increase of young males would be equal to the annual increase of young females, or to half the breeding females. A very small proportion of these being required for breeding purposes, this class would practically be available annually as a surplus. Not only do seals breed early in life, and with great regularity, but they return to their breeding grounds with a faithfulness which demonstrates the security they feel there. Theseal rookeries of the Pribilof Islands can, therefore, unques- tionably be restored, and at a known ratio of increase. These figures ra appear startling, but they are founded on simple natural-history acts. Liagram illustrating (te rare of increase of female seals that rgtt be expected /o /ake p/ace or (re Pribilo /slands as a result of complete profec/ior under ratural cond hong, assuming the number of breeding Seals occupying the reokerses 17/896 fo 1887 a 4 be $0000 ! Fred shows breeding females, i = Blue « YOUNG a /900) # G q, € ss Sal] 4 igures/adicale age. : bags offspring desigraled he sal! lerfer “Sided ash COL es papal Capl fals indicate wratirih of Sori g BCGPING COPTESOET A/77 Subdinsions in blue creas show tnererrernl OF IMICLCISE OVE id : Pad ect 3 2 ie ett ERR \INCPEASE| TOTAL | /NCRERSE| TOTAL YOUNG FEMALES) YOUNG FEMALE S \SPEEDING FEMALE BREEIINE FEMALE. I ree. Fi 641 Nicavene st “9 te oA pcre as? OF female i Wrettanemen (ea (2 Aate place ort (fe ORO 4 0 * correofe or | Haren 0.7/7 Hep (PO LIT — eR PAG FORE PICS bi / W896 33. 5 6 emg DOLCE Os SET Dae Ett SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 37 Table showing the increase in seal life that would naturally result from the complete pro- tection of the females. | ae Annual Annual | Total reeding | increaseof | increaseof) 1... 4° Year Formalon” _ young | breeding | be ne. | | females. females. | ONE ee eae : ane Z ebeatit Sea van Cits S96 oo fica n ek mecca = nee eye Mele nist oe amine ae ate 50, 000 | 25, 000 (QE Ais sereateiioe ICE ER pencoppapneacccee anOdend sonetc cuEDoos Smo pebr nonce 50, 000 | 25, 000 (Diary leecogaze zeus QOS a crocs recto sins syatcieyate ais el tela\crsloieeietaare meine ce einai ne are 50, 000 | 25, 000 (COLD Baer eae se HBG SSE See eo eda. ols tneke cine comm eeeete oe eects | 50, 000 | 37, 500 25, 000 75, 000 NOOO 2 posi sae testes eet oemes eee sete eee | 75, 000 50, 000 25, 000 100, 000 TOOL esccocsisga ht othe onie reared eae ne eee nee eee 100, 000 62, 500 | 25, 000 125, 000 W902 -\thsesl2s $45 case tect oe een sae seat aca c ome eeel| 125, 000 | 81, 250 37, 500 162, 500 NGOS. ” as Cr. ww : + C+ Al a u , a ? 7 ees Ol Alay] As ‘ ae Ne es AS Xi POS hes eta i ‘ . y were & iO 7, : s a ae tr ; > oe , ic 24 a 7 ee oP ed h a : Pa J - ion > ’ eo +s “4 oé = s 25 + rs SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 39 T of carcasses of fur seals procured from sealing vessels during the auth of August indicated that the species breed annually from the ird year. It also yielded information on the sex of seals taken at a and the character of their food, which appears to be pollock, squid, 1all fishes, and other surface life chiefly. Upon the return of theeAlbatross to Puget Sound, I began’ boarding e vessels of the sealing fleet as fast as they returned. The catch for ie year on the different sealing grounds was ascertained, and a num- rof log books kept during former sealing voyages and containing formation on the seasonal migrations of the fur seal were collected. During the months of August and September, 1895, there were igaged in sealing in Bering Sea 39 Canadian and 18 American ves: Is, the former’ making a eateh of 35,773, and the latter a catch of 924 seals. During the same period in 1894 a fleet of 38 vessels took 31,542 seals, hile the total Bering Sea catch for 1895 (43,697 seals) required a fleet f 57 vessels, making a lower average per vessel, although a compari- yn of the log books of the American fleet for the two seasons shows ne sealing weather to have averaged better in 1599, seals having been vken every day during the mouth of August. The total number of Canadian and American vessels that engaged a pelagic sealing during the year was 96. The catch of seals from the ribilof herd was 55,664, and that from the Russian herd 38,732, the otal being 94,396. Less than one-third of the entire catch was made ry American vessels, while the proportion of the American catch in Bering Sea is comparatively insignificant, the bulk of the American teh for the year having been made on the Japan coast. The operations of the sealing fleet in Bering Séa in 1895 were in the same locality as in 1894, the catch as a whole having been made south- 2ast, south, southwest, and west of the Pribilof Islands, outside the protected zone. The sealing ground, platted upon a map prepared from positions obtained from a large number of sealing vessels, appears as a nearly semicircular belt about 60 miles in width, commencing to the north- westward of the Pribilofs and extending southward and eastward around the protected area, widening somewhat toward the southeast- ward limit, where seals were taken nearer the Aleutian Islands. The condition of the American seal herd is now very critical. Should po changes be made during the present winter affecting the work of the great pelagic sealing fleet, the herd breeding on the Pribilof Islands will, by reason of sealing in Bering Sea during the coming season, be reduced to a comparatively insignificant size, SO small, at least, as to ruin the seal fishery commercially at sea as well as upon land. At a meeting of Canadian sealers recently held at Victoria it was decided that but one cruise be made during the year 1896, that to be in Bering Sea. The N orthwest coast catch for the spring of 1895 proved unprofitable, but one vessel having made expenses, while the catch in Japanese and Russian waters was made barely remunerative by reason of an advance in the price of sealskins. This action on the part of the ‘sealers is clearly the result of diminished catches. It is now evident to all persons interested in the pelagic sealing industry that further profit ean not be expected from sealing in the N orth Pacific. That the seal- ‘ing fleet as a whole after one more season’s work in Bering Sea will be out of employment can not be doubted. The condition of the seal herd breeding upon the Commander Islands is similar to that of the American herd. With the inau guration of the 40 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. restrictions of the modus vivendi, the destructive operations of the pelagic sealing fleet, so long directed chiefly against the American herd, were suddenly transferred to the Russian herd, and from that time its decimation has been rapid, the slaughter extending annually, from the latitude of Yokohama, in winter, to “within 30 miles of the Commander Islands, in summer. The catch for 25 Canadian vessels in 1895 was 18,686 skins, as compared with a catch of 56,430 skins in 1894 by the same number of Canadian vessels. The total pelagic catch from the Russian herd for 1895 was only 353,732 as compared with a catch of about 82,000 in 1894. A minute inspection of the rookeries on the Commander Islands dur- ing the past season revealed such a reduction in the breeding portion of the seal herd as to render immediate restrictions on pelagic sealing necessary, if anything more than a mere nucleus of the Russian herd is to be preserved. PROPORTION OF SEXES IN THE PELAGIC CATCH. This subject having been commented upon very fully in the report for 1894, further discussion as to the proportion of male and female seals killed by pelagic sealing seems unnecessary. Sealers detecting the danger of restrictions that might follow a discovery of the great preponderance of females in pelagic catches have in numerous cases misrepresented the facts. American inspectors of seal skins have found the reports made by masters of sealing vessels on this point to be sub- ject to correction in cases too numerous to mention. There being no official inspection of the Canadian catch, the reports of masters are necessarily accepted for record. Canadians are the chief offenders, American sealers having in mind the customs inspections that accom- pany the landing of their catches. The American catch is reported (with custom. house corrections) to consist of three times as many females as males, no vessel reporting more males than females. The Canadian returns represent the numbers as more nearly equal, no official inspec- tion of catches being made, although 11 vessels state their catches as chiefly male. The following examples illustrate the differences usually found be- tween the reports made by masters of vessels and those made by inspectors of seal skins: Vessel. Males. | Females. Schooner Ecrett: Master's report 2) 12.2 ste hee dec coi is foeccnt s cemaeesbee sets peters te emeeeems 65 34 Oficial examination) «:. (sc.cb ses aevesiscew s s/c tes Se amaeaeaate eeleee ane belceehe se ee 9 90 Schooner Deeahks: Master's report... .. 2-2-2. - seen cence nln eee eee n eee ewer nnn cern cme ecescee 39 43 Oficinliexaminationy> co. scobee sees coke des aera oni ee eeuilee ecer ee cnamen tees 20 62 Schooner Bering Sea: Master’s report sjeln\e oh nebiabeia seb taleee aoe bbbinlad sicbicldwees he «cea sys adecteacseee 76 104 Oniaiglexamination 3... c 11ches Longs pce GO 2-| 8 VOATR eek: acces ccna bone wees os aaiinesna= eos] LOW SQ UL Desks, pollock! Shiner Ope Ue VORESE oe | eee ee sem cae eeiectacenn cee amen ace cit |p SQL OLY: small fish. BAe oe Onna SORT See oes ens aee Eee en ne ome egeee ne se One squid. many sinal ites SCHOONER MAUD S { Latitude, 54° 43’ north; longitude, 168° 45’ west. Date, August 12.] Male....-. DV GANS towel eames a eee anaistnsts aici e ol ae sine sire Empty. serie do. BAY CATS Aes | Pewee apne aa eeaia totals rata ane ec | miane erin irc eee Do. eeaue do. S spent G43. lbaeeos gaactie Ine ean sAlsaeen| Gnoleusaceegce Do. soage do . Bo eeai ke Ute cece egos coupe shel emits cet cease Do. Female ZYOATS esa feonccsk cee oe Mane ee [eee een aec ace Small squid. See OQ eee |e 5-00 Nee Shc d meas tvrrctoese awe a e| eae s sent. os | OMpsye eee doves |k- -\-.d0 WS eb dcte one ceetesr ance ames ae hacemeate Seeices Do. eee do}. .:| Nursing: 9:/(Right..2.. (Right 2..3--/ Left.:.-. 222 Do. ean do). SeWaln mine SSL Pek se. acces neuesee tesa cel oboe as sce se Do. Sees do ..-.| Nursing ..| Right-..... Right......-| (?) Do. seat do)... -.| years sede fo. een PO aah ce Sock PS QMid. Einetere do ..-.| Nursing ..| Right..... Right.......| Left ......-.| Bones of pollock; squid beaks. Sieh Gore S2pyPsyears). fabs ee SNOT sce chypaateerne te tee aie Do.. SCHOONER VICTORIA. {Latitude, 55° 21’ north; longitude. 167° 49’ west. Date, August 20.] | Dl PeWemaler Shlivear se |e. oe os poe I os as ee epg See ene oe | Empty. Dies do ....| Nursing ..| Left -..--.- Left} 2. Bight. ees | Squid, small fish, pollock. Cees does Uiyearoasie ee: to: ene lelasinactineceeeer eee Sanaa se | Empty SBS ic DOperelecene LO Bt |Gee cence ncn ten cacer eck Webs star cc pte | Blood. ih iasese do ....| Nursing ..| Right-..---. (?) Right. -22-.. | Same small fish, large fish | _ (cod). ih Basa O')-,'5j-i\s 5256 CO Se Be Pao ii poser WCities [esc Gh Sessa said, small fish, pollock. tf Beeoe Go 52+ ZEV CATE io = Ils a /oib(sis'n a's ajo latsiamiereisie (Sos e121 le jsatiha atmos Ghiibeass do ....| Nursing ..| Left ...-..- Weft) ssSee2 | Right.2- 4-2 oe Wiccan dom sateen =. Ogee sees doyeaesiseaes (une aes ese do): 2222 Squid; small fish. 10) | -eo5- Gh be aaa ase dogees|teas- CO an lee ce Gd) Saestclaecee dofjece=-- | Cod. 7 eae AONassa| esses do ....|) Right. .... patente SHeaoe Metiiena= soe Empty. oJ eee GO) Sea nee se Gower ees 0; 22a4| 5222200) ee ees Vefeeiers doteeses Squats small fish (cod?) bE lls Sene dofee epee do) <2.) (ett .-< 22: | Loft . Best tse ok (Right oes. aoe oversea Ml yeas ehcia|e ance eae = tal teee ee ce eciee proaina saeidne see Haat Bi eer CSE a Ramee caer ee [a eeaee erent! ee nerne eter eae) (nun ose ae Do. * | a Serial number used only where specimens were saved. 44 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Table showing the results of observations made on fur seals taken at sea in Bering Sea, August 11 tv 21, 1895, respecting sex, age, pregnancy, and food—Continued. SCHOONER TRIUMPH. [Latitude, 55° 21’ north; longitude, 167° 49’ west. Date, August 20.] eC Ovaries. o = Uterus Sear result- ‘ ’ aaeagre | Sign of horn show-| ingfrom | F < 5 Sex. Age. inettdedian i oeeace | ayer ia: Stomach contents. a pregnancy.| pregnancy § ! learpul = (corpus albi- | fnteam) B cans). | : 16 | Female ...| lyear..... | Small-fish bones. ON are a9 ceo WOnsln gr a ome Sa bones; squid. US Wager 0 ....| 2 years | Salmon. TL Ea do ....| Nursing | Small fish. ie eat eda cl” stn ide ee eens Baill nines GO\<50.] 55% do .. Pollock (7). 23 | Male...... 2 years | Empty. v7) ee do ....| 4 years Do. 25 | Female .. | Nursing | Do. 26" os. eo Smal atoteie oe P Squid; small fish. 7 (al eee 0 sc5-|sn05- Ores 458 Do. 28 | Male.....- 2 years.... lodace donenoeo) Do. 29 | Female .--| Nursing .. Small fish. 30 | Male...... 1-year...:. | Empty. 31 | Female ...| Nursing Do. BB) |Vawes eal eee do Do. Bel eee CG ee See Gos. |t3- dots22|P doef. tee alee Do. BU eae aS (Gee fo : Ace (?). 8 boone GG sae|ee st Ween stone Salmon. Sth eee BOs sl Dy Obrisa5.|Uoeee see ae od ire ieee metas Wehttccac-e =e | Squid; small fish. 5) Pl Geer do ....| Nursing ..| Right..... TROSF IN Ge tetera ata wotegs do ......| Empty. Resse ioe se ella (trl dae eared ese recoccad locucmcceteeer Do. “eee do ....| Nursing ..| Left ...-.. Wettieeme === Daa eee Do. AO sass O0%-. 2152-4 do >. -.| Right.i=2: Rights:2-- 2s Matti lee4 | Do. AN eo OW rnog liane COinen5| | Guehtccse es Left! so.206.. Right....... | Salmon, cod. Ae cans Ghee ee BE Aee do ....| Right.....| Right....... Wel si ie ceeeoee Squid; small fish. CET ESe DOs. .: a i q ; oe See do... AB ee.as's do). -- AG oles. do i eee dois. AS) | ce2s do oe Operon Ue ese do ....| Nursing ..| Right..... (?) Left. ....<5- Empty. Male SVORTHLES ol. -casseseews taka ce seen Foe |ecenet enemas Small fish; squid. Nursing -- (%) (?) Birhte=--22- Do. Bacio ace do ...-| Right..... (2) Mette cesses Squid. alee QO ees ieee do) ..:-.| Right... 2. lean dO sc nbas Small fish. US EC 72s 8 BEA oe el We enece apres Poanancaciiceni ea uid, pollock. 1 year..... [Ese en aa geris en mein Gmeccames pamaee mine ater mpty. Nursing ..| Left .--.-- ettcettc:.: Right...-.-- Small fish, squid, worms. do do do do Empty Td year. crepe eek MOA Jed AE | OM RRIe AStlg Nursing ..| Left ....-.-. (2) Right....2-. Bones of pollock. : 3 year..... | etetmietw 2 aimee danny WAGER estore Eee iancnneie 0. -| Nursing -., Bones of fish. sear doi=ce Blood. Somer de} .2- Polloge bones. Ve (ER OS A | see a mpty. -| Nursing --, Squid. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 45 Table showing the results of observations made on fur seals taken at sea in Bering Sea, August 11 to 21, 1895, respecting sex, age, pregnancy, and food—Continued. SCHOONER G. W. PRESCOTT. [ Latitude, 55° 33’ north; longitude, 168° 11/ west. Date, August 21.] : | Ovaries. 5 | = Uterus Sear result- he = | horn show in Sign of “ s - irom), | ee Z Sex. Age. ing former former neuon bye | Stomach contents. i) pregnancy. asl ak I paceniee Be (corpus albi-| agi?) 2 cans). luteum). EEE a ce 2 eee as ed SS bs 68 | Female ...| Nursing... Left ....-. Mbettsac een Rightaess--- | Squid, small fish. OOF Sasee G0: 65 55|—32 do eesisecee eee ee GWE Spas eoaee dot -=5-- Empty. IO! soe do 25s! |e do Minute squid beaks, worms. Meenas Ons sos|Moaee do Small squid. TPM bebe do 2252 ae do | Pollock or cod. UE See do. 3. ga do , Empty. NG (eee eee do Bae 2 Squid, fish bones (pollock ?). MO) ae a2 IRE eae oleae (2 WiRIGhts ose] Empty. Onl eee QO? cs shore do 26.) Ri f | Three cod. ht fl eee GO astlteas do | Cod or pollock. {h)9| bene eee eee do | Cod. WOU|eeeee dove it Paster do Salmon. 80;)2ec6 doeasc|besss do | Cod. +3 Ly Pee ps doses. do Two cod. Sealsiexamined =: once see eee eens eee sae 12S Pema O\ 20 CALS meanest tae eam lite aaa 11 Ma Os oan a See sosip nee aisle ose See Ufa MaleryGarlin yee pce cece Oo acnemaccise een 2 Memal of. emotes Se > ue Sean: Het eree eae OBEt Male! Ary Carsten sa\stetciet nisin noe aialaisehe mooie asta 4 Memale nursing jose ose seee ane er eeeee M87) Maley3! YOUR 35 .s2—cne's-cspesossestaseeaccmen 8 Memale yearling... 5... - (io s2<2 cease scares U5 ie| Male A VeOars: 2< -o.-=cceeccamies since cme seiceie 3 Nursing females 3 years of age or over. Corpus albicans, the scar indicating ovary from which former pregnancy resulted. Corpus luteum, the sign of pregnancy or recent ovulation from that ovary. In these observations only the gross appearance of ovaries is considered; impregnation may have taken place in all the 2and 3 year old females, and the corpus luteum not yet developed. LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATIVE OF PELAGIC SEALING. [Photographs by N. B. Miller, C. H. Townsend, and A. B. Alexander.] A portion of the sealing fleet at Sand Point, Alaska, in June, 1893. Canadian sealing schooner £. B. Marvin. Bering Sea. Canadian sealing schooner Annie EL. Paint. Bering Sea. Canadian sealing schooner Dora Siewerd. Bering Sea. Canadian sealing schooner Katherine, formerly Black Diamond. Canadian sealing schooner Dora Siewerd under storm canvas, showing manner of stowing canoes. 1895. Deck of Dora Siewerd. 1895. Skinning seals, Dora Siewerd. 1895. Canadian sealing schooner seized in Bering Sea prior to 1888. Canadian sealing schooner Thornton seized in Bering Sea prior to 1888. Canadian sealing schooner Ainoko discharging skins at Victoria. American sealing schooner Columbia. Types of sealing schooners. Victoria Harbor. 1894. Types of sealing schooners. Victoria Harbor. 1894. A portion of the Canadian sealing fleet, Victoria Harbor. 1894. Sealing boats stored at Victoria. ; Portion of Indian crew of Canadian schooner Favorite. 1894. Indian hunter of sealing canoe, showing double-pointed spear pole; detaching spear points, with line 30 yards long; paddle; killing club, and wooden boat bailer. Indian sealing canoe, showing manner of throwing spear. Indian sealing canoe under sail. Indian sealing canoe with outfit and catch. Sleeping seal—usual position, floating back down, with hind flippers turned for- ward over belly. August 7, 1894. Bering Sea. Fur seal just awakened. Starved seal pups, St. Paul Island. September, 1894. Starved seal pups, St. Paul Island. September, 1894. 46 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Pelagic catch of the American sealing fleet for 1895. i} Hina ss Bering Sea. Japan coast. | Russian coast. phar Vessel. _ | z Ed 58 ae: , gz 22/8) 2leifl2e|/4¢si2l2! isles rig MC PP cP = Pe apc eee ote Ba | | | ro = a ham | — — = a | |e a | Ida Ettajosc-ec. J? 2 ese ae ea) bor eto ba em ee | eae li} se 484 |... asc B0 =e eeamte M.M. Morrill...... | 5 102 Ae | BOD Nea Raataer 1712) Wl See a ese IEP Ses |ae pemere cem cee AllieI. Algar...... UN see 20 173 Ea hf fra dal ais Ye | BC Sal ae Pe eee peers) iE WEGIHES oa 2--3-sel ees 3 20} 141 451°) 592) [55.2 SN Eee el cic sie siiscm owe feeeacen 20 62 82 W. Ainsworth.....| 5|....| 117 323 | 440°|:.2.-)-2 2. TE) Ee oe ee CT RPE eee oS bs Hoae Det SWAN ces Sees| ed! | vehenp Se 2Hl Oek oes. Hae a (et (ee eee Bosna: 68 | 156 | 224 Stella Erland .....- By 164.-208.| 478) 676 |..-.. ee ayes (end (pip my enter 33 | 132 | 165 G. W. Prescott.--.. 4 | 5 | 141 188.) B20, 22 7 Seraieci| aoatome Aieteiets i| = ecole de,cme cc] acre eee eee Bering, Sea .-...--- 4,20] 165 cI) eames Sree sence | fae, aval) yee 1eeeaimiacs 35 | 145; 180 E. E. Webster . ---- G22: 66 ZOOM etd see Ae eens TG6ies a. Bates | oseeae asain] Saw eel eee Columbia.....-.--- 1/10} 163 Ga a2 IR See aes soe le ha ge cl =| 153, 2Te eee LOOT TET WEG I ee eers BeMe de A cee ral Sacer sae 270 esaee & Sear GO0nees cece c| Sescncc lames ee eee eeeere WMheresesit- ds << - ee (| Pepe gi: 330°} 426 |...-- | Stee S800). = 2'3| 0-20. Kehoe ca|eesno|eoseuleeee Emma Louisa be te Water 22-2. -.-—>- J. Eppinger .-.-..- Herman, =.-..-5....| Bonanza .---..----- LUG he Se Se aman S. Sutherland Mattie-Dyer:.---.. Penelope. --...-.-.- Ripreesss esse sae soe 6 Matildar:::2ss22222 5 OHSS Ae inane 4 IPM bAT 51222 sc 2s 4 Emmett Felitz..... Hide Wag Ly PReceene| Peeters ton ope amet ae alae Pe Te ge ce hal gas: Fal 9 40 49 C. CG. Perkins -...% S Han LV Sooty eg ee cree Mine (Nera s PeRM te Pgs or) Peteed steal eee.) 8| 26] 34 PAU PUBUL S| 22sec aa Aiea 2 40 10 | 125 27 9 |] Ee eee eee ede ae 56 50 | 138 39 44 URS ao. ee a eed 39 35 | 125 v0 4 | Gate Rn al 57 50 | 139 55 95 ee ee ee 40 01 | 124 40 3 | a EES Sa 57 40 | 139 35 125 fey oe ieee lee Pie 2 38 31 | 124 08 36 | 15S a a PALO do 57 36 | 139 57 197 TE Be ae ee 38 33 | 123 50 44 Ose ne te AS 57 31 | 140 41 179 tO oe ot ae ee a ae 38 30 , 123 47 29 Pai Andee. 57 09 | 140 48 172 7 mage ae a ae oe Cr ig aan 8 jee ieee | 57 05 | 139 50 38 Di l= eae So SE Re VE bin ech ote 4 Ieee tg ne coal Ade) Lee 32 Mare. 00 soba le ieee. 38 U0 | 123 34 Der llOilivi ee eens 5 Seen 54 40 | 168 45 | 24 LS eee 38 31 | 123 31 14 a are Aas eek 54 20 | 168 32 | 27 Bored cots. 88 48 | 123 50 11 Bie ey ere Wee eee 54 45/168 35] 157 T(E RS NO aE 39 47 | 124 23 2 1D cote. coast sae ou 55 O4 | 169 25 | 79 Qh Lanur noe soe eee 40 27 | 125 00 5 BR Be er eseaae sree | 55 03 | 169 42 129 Gist Bh ee ee 40 40 | 124 48 21 1G Poa: arte ne ase 54 58 | 168 10 60 OE ee Sek ae 48 15 | 125 26 5 ny Ro eee a Se ne 55 04 | 169 33 57 inp oad ree Tl rk a ero. 1 | 11), oat Ma ieat od 49 49 | 127 27 20 |) Det Cer cert ic ache | pee cok eee 58 Sy ea eri tame 49 30 | 128 20 17 || OB hap ares Weed Bie 54 45 | 167 20 37 Bites care eu sale Sakis 49 54 | 128 22 53 || Dh. ge Sn eee eae eee oe 31 1 ERR ee See RENE ee 4910 | 12720] 24 | | AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1887. 1887 N. Ww. } 1887. | N. Ww. eliqgnitenotee Cite soe ee 41 18 | 125 45 | hil (Apne (Gece tens tan sees 49 14 | 128 16 18 Toheie() ARIS i) eee 37 44°| 124 10 23 a te take ieee ren Eee eee Pee ei 33 bers Smee Er se 38 UO | 124 00 | 7 | BS oe ey ee | 49 33 | 127 54 7 RR Soe en ee ey ie Cera ene reo | 5 | A(t nba AS LN AS | 49 36 | 127 29 5 Visrreame lee aes Soy ot iG Een 38 00 | 124 00 4 || fie pes Re Bo Ss ad 50 07 | 128 45 15 a A ee ey cee AQTHSe | sae. 4 || nt Mm AR GOES Oy Nek. ees PE Reay eye Fo LE 28 {yaa ante Sage ae 47 38 | 125 35 Ti 15s Cae eee | 49 30 | 127 30 14 1 3 Re ate ee a 47 38 | 125 35 | Delon) iG Se eee ee ee | 5017 | 128 40 38 Ei =, pi a Sal a 48 00 | 126 00 5 || Tie co NUNS RRS: eee | 50 01 | 129 00 19 1) Ses eee ee 48 18 | 126 36 39 T3e Le Ad ee Pe le Cee ener 5 PAN eee sae ae Re 48 (0 | 126 20 27 | 1h Seta he? See ee | 52 00 | 184 12 71 Seis wet ent Bs 48 00 | 126 34 10 | 1peo et Se ae [8 S575 Se | eae ee 3 at Es A eee as 48 00 | 126 30 | 59 | 18k 23s eae | 55 45 | 136 34 10 a iy 2 BS ee 48 00 | 126 30 6 | 19: fate ates at tae 55 38 | 136 00 96 CSS oe “A te 48 06 | 127 40 6 | Diet tees epee ees 56 13 | 136 00 1 Dinos eats e cee 47 42 | 126 00 | 2 | 22 eee saul ase nase 56 52 | 139 i1 20 SRE oe Al Ree BS 48 00 | 126 00 | 29 | Ppa OA Ree oe SN 9 57 26 | 139 44 24 BOP Ue ee Lae || 49 0012700! 10] PY MAMAGD eT AT teal A) 56 48 | 138 57 24 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS 53 Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from IS78 to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER MARY ELLEN, D. McLEAN, MASTER—1887—Continued. : Lat- | Longi- : : Lat- | Longi- Date. | itude. | tude. Seals. | Date itude. | tude. Seals. ~—_| —______-- — —_——— ——|—___ | 1887 N. | W 1887 N WwW. May (S0utseseereeaeeenee 57 43 | 138 00 IS | alibi; Claswacemeseasece ee 54 44 | 168 25 4 ieee eua sen susae celpetee eon Mace 7 || Tile k pecker scace eee eee ee eee 5 Jane ihe eee eee 56 36 | 139 00 32 || ISR oye ee eee 55 32 | 167 36 38 Dee ESR na! Se all cena levaeaerase 34 Deen ae ane reee 55 47 | 168 10 134 Bene ee tee es 56 53 | 139 32 9° TT NS OR ae eee 55 24 | 168 04 54 Qu Reeser sass 57 382 | 143 02 23 | Uae Sea ae ee ne 55 30 | 167 45 103 TDS Se eo ops ees ee | 57 44 | 148 28 5 | Desa sebaceous 55 51 | 168 10 29 Eee Se ete 55 46 | 150 56 all PAE Pie «ape Ree A a 55 25 | 167 40 144 Lae See ee See oe 55 01 | 156 17 36 DE see seh Ge eas 55 20 | 167 20 74 bees Seka Soe ae 54 38 | 156 20 TM Pi See eee, ee 55 41 167 51 49 16S Se ee eee se ree 1 PE Fee eee 55 15 | 167 40 49 Ie ana Saarinen | 58 43 | 162 02 1)}] Py ee ae ee ae aed an ate free ere Lue 22 AU Sey a ae ae | 5257 | 165 18 10 CU Rae See ee aS 54 28 | 169 00 70 OD Sie ckucnseereco ee 52 43 | 167 05 D7allAcio.. Tne ees eee. 54 41 | 169 00 95 Dee em. caocse soe be} Gif || CA) abnesee \| Bebb Je Sek 54 20 169 00 11 Dome sense eae es 53 30 | 172 30 28 | Hee at ae ore es 54 15 | 171 00 239 Diee en ee noe kee eeee Dalia LG 200 Ge eae See 54 15 | 170 30 45 DB ee bp eae acu nee 52 50 | 171 10 10 ae ee rs Be cere sce 54 22 | 170 30 12 PE een eae aye Rae 54 40 | 170 20 2 || ep are eet Nees 54 00 | 171 00 53 Mace see seosedascoce 55 40 | 170 10 | 1 || OESsoaseEes Soceeaoe | 5418 | 171 30 23 Sulys pletec at assaiom 54 00 | 170 48 | 8 || le aoe steesod coacne | 54 19 | 170 01 29 Piss see Sane Eee GY OP We nee | 39 | i Rete eee seen e ene | 538 53 | 170 27 | 19 ies SY ea 54 19 | 167 21 29 PoC ce Lae Pe 53 47 | 169 57 | 20 are ne aaa ae eee 54 20 | 167 18 | 37 iit aR ae Bea ee Beep | 53 37 | 170 05 87 Chreds BEE RE So RCo ete lereceeiin pees ae 3 | | | | CANADIAN SCHOONER FAVORITE (BERING SEA), D. a Bering Sea. McLEAN, MASTER—1886. I 1886. Na Weal TU aiuiay ee ead da cea eee 55 15 | 167 48 119 16 | BOLSTERS ee ase 55 24 168 08| 106 78 || Bleeies eee ane 55 17 | 168 17 128 IE Utes lee epee ane ead 54 50 168 49 32 106 Oe rot eharete nee 54 40 | 168 50] 142 173 PR te Capes ig 54 39 | 169 23 | (a) 149 | Ana ee ee ee 54 35 | 168 40 |......- 24 || SAE ee ee 5450) | WiOnOvaieeeeese 47 |} 623 Soa 55 06'| 170 40 }...2... 139 | Tera ae Mel one) Ie one 113 Sirah oe ee ae dl/46) | 17 Ola sere 124 | ORR A ae oe ieee (eh aly eae 45 || LSA cee BoMeeaatenees 54450) 168 17) |e oo soe 3 || dS ee ig ge a fa 55 24 | 168 35 |.....-- 92 | iI ay ore Nie ae at ae ae 5D 30 | 169 10 |....... 31 || 1 es ACE eee HOilon OG ia omens 16 || Toad eee cay 55 40 | 165 20 |....... 154 || TEaSRee eee ae eee Bb 12/165 40) |--..-2. a From August 2 to the end of the cruise no record of seals written in the log. CANADIAN SCHOONER FAVORITE (BERING SEA), D. McLEAN, MASTER—1887, 1887. N. w. | 1887 | N Ww. Ly LOS Re, waa 55 17 | 166 41 | PAA Wy Ugg H See eee eae | 55 16 | 168 29 29 TUL ee el ee 55 42 | 168 37 | 23 pe ina eds Le | 55 05 | 168°45 83 1 TURE OEE ash Pax, 55 53 | 168 30 13 Feats Siaeiee Mat. obs: 55 45 168 50 105 TSE ee Ae 55 40 | 168 18 a54 gies i eae | 55 45 | 168 47 108 TA ee eos 55 23 | 168 30'|......- Se Amines ee a | 55 38 | 169 18 109 Hoe eue soos saaree 55 20 | 168 24) - 13 OMELET! SSPE A! | 55 47 | 169 23 36 LG e eee eee 55 12 | 168 30 | 4! L2G S02), ene 55 48 169 20 103 al (sceen Lee Ieee 55 12 | 168 30 46 LGW yet She 55 30 | 169 00 10 Tas ae ee ee 55 15 | 168 25 68 7 PRESS ee a 55 20 167 56 26 1D Apc eeb ues eee 55 28 |.169 00 |....... PGi b 2232 Ree 55 03 | 168 20 147 eae BEE CEE 55 38 | 169 12 1 LORY. Fh ee ONS 54 87 | 168 17 3 Piles 3 a a eee eae 55 19 | 169 00 59 PINES eee eee 54 30 | 168 25 14 Dee east sec Aste, 55 13 | 168 50 5 Pye Cae ey aa 54.30 168 50 57 SBOE SESE He 55 14 | 168 45 18 PE as spel Sul eae 54 25 169 00 16 le ee hee ee 55 27 | 168 40 171 PY TT t eee aS a ee 54 20 | 169 12 122 7 eee Da ie 55 17 | 168 50 9 SRR TSS ES Te: 51 06 170 04 140 AGES see oo 55 05 | 168 40 4 D6 EE et EER eS 53 55 170 00 19 BO Patan een E Be) 55 20 | 167 40 4 Se Bi Lei see sea eer gees 55 06 | 167 45 56 Total. sossg-seeces nesses |eeeeseee | 1,810 Aare me Seaeh Sen ao | 55 30 | 168 30 86 a This catch made by white hunters. 54 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacifie Ocean and Bering Sea from 1878S to 1893, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER HENRY DENNIS (NORTHWEST COAST), R. H. MINER, MASTER—1891. Lat- | Lougi- ; Lat- | Longi- Date itude. tude. Seals. Date. itude. | tude. | Seals. 1891. MER w. 1891 Mm | wee ara ee ae ae 58 40 | 133 30 | AU jaye Sado. 65: hie oe. 57 31 | 136 50 24 Ming? Saeki le oe... 54 41 | 135 49 3 (ea ace eae ed 57 38 136 46 | 68 Pee See Late ae 54 42 | 136 27 | 21 yop UGE ISS Semarang | 57 38|13720| | 16 (Se es Bae 51 15 | 137 48 yah et ei eo 58 38 | 141 10 | 17 et sae units 4 fe 57 40 | 136 51 90 at Tee a ee 58 30 140 27 | 38 Ne pei aed 7 40 | 136 5L 64 ian Sires ae ean 58 12 | 140 27 | 2 SNe ee der et, 57 40 | 136 51 64 Bis ea gate eee. 58 31 141 34 | 39 TS ane eee 57 40 | 136 51 55 pe Meanie I oa 59 03 | 140 37 13 are en eie 2. Jat. 57 40 | 136 51 30 TOSS ee ret a | 58 57 114045) 7h Pei eis See 57 49 | 138 50 | 35 Pitt See ane 7 oe 58 34 140 56 | 1 IR tee ae ee 59 08 141 08 49 | POE See a nt 58 39 144 25 | 13 re = a ei a 58 58 | 141 19 1 i age ae Peo FE 57 45 150 47 | 1 SM ee 6 eer 58 48 140 18 31 || Wbiice Je iee ee 57 45 150 47 | 9 Ope Ea aie he 57 20 | 136 49 il Bee ele Ae eee ee eat 57 05 151 00 3 BH or be Ob sete 57 35 | 136 52 AD: ehaly Bic. sc os2 ae a 51 32 164 44 | 1 cya es NE Cone Mana 57 35 | 136 52 1 | a Portlock Bank, 50 fathoms, 600 pounds codfish. b Codtish plenty. AMERICAN SCHOONER HENRY DENNIS (NORTHWEST COAST AND COPPER ISLAND REGION), R. H. MINER, MASTER—1892. Wiest 1892. NG Seay eel Jan. Ups) Pally eas eae Maral (eons cece cae 58 41 | 147 50 13 125 37 | 1 TPs Ape teed Se Be 58 23 | 140 40 | 11 5 | 124 30 | 1 Cie eee ape at ee 57 06 149 38 15 Feb. | 126 38 | 24 patie eek Geta 9 eee 57 18 150 05 18 | 127 00 9 7a A ie be ohn ek Er 57 26 150 18 1 124 46 | 9 1 aC aes Sear a. 58 15 158 20 84 124 36 | 30 BO ee se ee eee | 58 02 | 150 15 s 124 42 8 || CYT Nantes ty Seberrreen a meine IIRL T - 121 125 58 Gvliaune! plese a ee 58 00 150 00 20 | 124 57 4 ASS te cl BER CaS ES | 55 40 | 152 55 1 124 54 | 7 See hay OL mE ahs 55 31 | 154 40 5 Mar. 125 54 4 ent Newt et ae 55 20 | 155 10 | 1 126 59 | 1 E. | 127 47 APN Sib Pe Rees eosserones | 62 2) 169)49)) cee Apr. 137 38 5 |! AO). Se sals Goes ees [Seer (ee seers 7 138 06 | 3 CoE ee 54 00 | 168 28 5 137 37 8 1 ec eae Oe 54 09 | 168 53 5 137 52 46 1 a 5 Satay Si ae SC | 53 46 | 166 52 | 6 138 07 20 (apes tees ee eee | 54 01 | 168 28 | 34 138 40 58 || 1 eae Sa a Ie 54 14 | 179 17 1 | 138 07 65 Pa een, TEREAC IES BEE | 53 59 | 170 00 2 139 51 1 DE pe RE UNAS IO cre 54 13 | 169 39 2 138 30 27 |I Pirie ay VE A ee 54 27 | 169 38 38 139 27 61 1G ARIE OR I EN! 54 39 | 169 20 3 140 13 40 Dy een yn aaa 54.01 169 17 27 140 13 87 Pike Aue ee Sears, 53 52 | 169 21 af, 141 48 | 5 || i Ra oe ten ae 3 46 | 169 30 141 48 N16? ||) -Anaio: SoS seetccersce a: 56 37 | 168 30 1 spl ee 97 Ses ee noes cee ee e56 40) Ge kgs 13 ate eile fee We eee || 56097 Ne loeelam 40 Aes | eee le tO Foe ee ea beaeued|| Solve) | GEG 108 lee epee 31 || CMs Soe | Se alone a See oe 60 |) eee ep Rama ANG Gime ee TCiep tat May 142 18 1 || ee 54 21 | 170 00 2 143 16 Ff 102 ee a eee 53 35 | 169 49 15 145 09 39 1h ee Se ER ee 53 53 | 168 30 2 145 03 38 ONES SEG a a et oa oe 53 35 | 168 50 24 144 44 4 1d Rey oe es ey Po OR laren: 1 147 05 16 lees Sate 2 | 53 18 | 169 45 13 146 27 8 10 aie pe ee | 53 41 | 169 51 20 145 45 179 Dome UY ie eee 52 36 | 170 53 3 146 27 15 5 Sl EA aS | 52 18 | 169 i0 68 145 30 3 DG esa Pa ee eee | 52 38 | 169 45 20 148 57 1 D7 Ba Med ok See el 52 24 | 170 12 31 145 12 25 GSS Saws ee ape | 52 24 | 170 06 1 a Mount St. Elias north 50 miles. b A few seals seen. c Copper Island in sight, bearing west. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 55 Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from 1878 to 1593, showing positions where fur seals were taken—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER UMBRINA (JAPAN COAST)—1993. Lat- | Longi-| « Lat. | Longi- | ~ Date itude. tude. Seals. Date. | itude. | tude. pogate: 1893 N. E. 1893. Penceenrice ln» | AG @aeee seen seseee 881001 | 9143000) janee seer Nii ORG ae Ee nee aa se | 40 15 | 143 33 | 43 PIG eat ae me Ana 38 30 | 143 00 91 D1 eee ee Rox 41 00 | 143 37 | 52 DOES EE rane ae SOL AON elas el pa ooee mee Dae tear ae eee oe 40 56 | 143 23 | 95 Saintes) ae Oe dene ee 39 40 | 144 22 3 TT ieeeeajar Giese 40 50 | 143 10 | 19 iy Rane eee eee ae 38/30 | 145 55 | 31 || FD SiS AME 39 40 | 144 20 |....... Oh eee aaa ten oen ee 37 30 | 145 40 | 79 | BOM eo oe eee eee | 40 30. 144 00 6 Ogee ues eee ste ee 37 15 | 145 17 | Till || Akane bee ee ee ee cere ene | 39 50 | 145 05 | 26 SORA 4. eee ee ee Ee 37 10 | 145 10 | 51 Bas lca oe Seen | 40 11] 145 05 | 47 Miyano e eeeee rans: 37 18 | 145 30 45 te SNA ee ae hp Os | 40 50 | 144 35 13 Ee ae ce te cee 37 07 | 145 20} 191 Ge AEs Poe eee 42 00 | 145 05 i ae eee eee 37 20 | 145 09 10 [aE OEE 41 27 | 145 35 32 (eee, nena agen 37 Of | 145 O0Nls2---5-- SLE eer 2 ES ys ie | 41 55 | 143 56 79 Diiots oe sa aasee eee | 87 36 | 145 15 4 Oe cai eeitalimenls | 4157 | 14350! ° 51 BaeL Gio ee ae od 37 37 | 145 40 | 19 || AON hOeES aia NLS 42 04 | 143 50 | 9 LOM S ioe ee 39 30 | 144 40 | 61 ieee ey eg ae | 42 16 | 144 35 | 29 ee eo 40 20 | 145 35 | 9 UDO asa: oS 42 55 | 145 20 4 Vy ie ean | 39 58 | 144 45 75 dE SS nene eee mee noone | 4570051 14700 ee seen 1a. ens ee | 40 09 | 145 49 |........ TSP Ree Bee prey te 43:06 | 147 56 |......- Tae Bee See eR 40 00 | 144 51 | 84 || je eee ns eee | 43 06 | 147 41 | 29 Te Sea ae ne 39 50 | 144 45 | 18 TG eeter ys 5 eRe ewe ye 43 09 | 147 20 85 GRRE ee PERN eed 39 45 | 144 15 65 Th ae ee eer eee gas 43 15 | 147 00 25 T7/s oo ete eee 39 59 | 145 55 27 || AG Ae sh eer 43 35 | 147 05 | 35 ie ee eevee 39 25 | 145 15 | 61 || DL es ens | 43 25 | 147 18 4 LE cea ec eae 40 20 | 144 40 | ~ 105 || SIRO SoS ae eee 43 12 | 147 33 10 O0BR sae) ok 3 40 22 | 144 35 2 || DOSS a os SIRES ND | 43 12 | 147 33 8 Ps aa Eee Ee 40 10 | 143 40 2 || DB ee he dso sek Sen eee eee | 7 CANADIAN SCHOONER TRIUMPH (JAPAN COAST), COX, MASTER—1892. N. | E. | Ned We | ING Seas eee ee 3917 145 06 37 PAu Oiicae see ean ce oeeees 40 04 | 145 10_ 35 1 noe a a 39 36.| 145 02 95 Deer cee se, beni, 39 43 145 89 | 155 Gene een isn ice | 40 00 | 145 08 | 64 FS ee ee ee aa Bp od 39 26 | 145 47| , 67 TMS NG Tao Eras 40 28 | 145 28 | 9 SOs eet ee 39 23 | 146 26 | 25 Oe ee ee ae BY) S| GSS TON ae Why Bioucascecdeosseesens 40 02 | 145 41 | 15 (URE Cease a 5 3949} 14505) 111 Cee eae 39 36 145 06 | 7 ATA Rete. SF We a 39 50 | 145 10 | 13 || RR Been Scrat ee | 40 22] 145 32 | 15 jit i le eee ee ee 40 13 | 145 26 | 43 ele ae ae ae | 40 15 | 146 18 | 33 (15 ages ae a mag 40 10 | 14505| 104 ene ine cain | 4018|14538| 39 Gees Sone See ee S- 45 09 144 09 38 MESES eee Stee ay 40 36 | 145 12 | 17 [ME er Es oe oe 2 8 40 30 | 144 25 9 | RIE eee se eee 40 05 | 145 20 | 48 See Geek ose eS ae 39 23 | 145 07 18 | TO ees vet See | 40 11 | 145 13 | 28 ER Se NAT 2 40 53 | 145 28 13 Thies St Ses PAN ee 40 11 | 145 32 | 61 Dh epeae ne ere 40 07 | 145 50 27 GE eee se Oe ries 40 39 145 21 | 10 VES a es ee 89 87 | 145 08 103 TI ee eR RE ST 40 46 | 145 21 | 34 | | ER—-1893. a 141 141 50 a Captain Cox has found seals plentiful in September in latitude 49° 40’ and longitude 147°. A good sealing ground is Mount Fairweather, 115 miles north one-half west. 6 In three days. 56 SEAL LIFE oN THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Miscellaneous data on pelagic sealing in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from 1878 to 1893, showing positions where Jur seals were taken—Continued, CANADIAN FUR-SEAL CATCH IN 1893. [From official sources. ] [Catch by each vessel of the British Columbia fleet and the place where the skins were taken.] ape sritish | ieee | Vessel Colam-)/apen| ‘sian | Total.| coast. Coast: | Prin phiesasc =e 17 eee 623 | 2,336 | PApPV MING co .coccs =e | RS cee 341 | 1, 603 | E. B. Marvin ....... Nae DC IS ae 517 | 1,581 INT ASOOUIis cous cc etc an Baril eon tee 327 | 1,184 Dora Siewerd .....- as 3a eae 434 | 1,860 WAWTARCOL ca c-= 6 20 Eh Reel basses | 263 | PVE THNITE oot ins, = =lcle wie GQ08| S24 Soe 20 | 509 | Annie E. Paint...-. TAOU Sener 401 | 1,141 | INMEIR CIE IN. nina one oe BEV Bee ee Reese | 344 | DIRT A iemes os o% + res (ANY al ere 294 | 1, 001 Venture. S206 56 Dhl eee meee e 82 Mer aIG 2c sca = Eopeeane 940 | 315 | 1,255 LOC A Aes See eects SUG lessee 77 883 Walter A. Harle...:| 1,622 |~....--|--<=--- 1, 622 Beatrice, of Victorial 655 |.......|.------ 655 Ocean Belle .....-.. WPSUGi ee seen 547 | 1, 863 Mountain Chief .... WE Beco= a) Ween 128 SPRITES Uy ete Bathe aie ae Pilarse eel, 2 920 464 1,384 Cape Beale......... cd Peete Beas | 86 LOG Rae eae ae eee | PAB aes) enero 293 MAVOTING 24-5 =~ 32 | OECD Eee aa tease 949 PS ONES acces ccs ee Wy tv aUtallince sees oc ae 1, 307 PATMOKOL OSes asses nce 1 eee cers 46 2,390 W. P. Sayward ....-. BUG) |occs > cel swam ee | 596 | Mea Derwiess—. sc. Boe iibecce ee 363°) a5 DAMM OSG-cc cc 5c0 ce PAN es Aen ieee | 249 MTSE LISGH oes ar |e ses ee 1, 027 274 | 1,301 | Agnes McDonald ..|....-.--. 2, 333 433 | 2, 766 | WACHON ace ese see Via 2 ean eee 420 | Rosie Olsen .......- BOB i) Seca aaiiess ee 358 | British A | Rus- Vessel. ise Japan | sian | Total. la coast.| t coast. pets Wanderer ¢<<-- <6: | 206) | ~2 SNe Panne a a tel SR cad 54 37 | TS eed A es EEC ae tS a ee Cie ean a NE ARE SST i | 54 15 | GEIS Sy eR ee Na A ee Serer | 54 17 PE YOOE Be Ses ey ta Sey ch ec ee ey tek MR Ta SOPs AY fh | 54 39 | DE a eee eee ree ates Foy Rape ae aaen eee | 54 30 7 pe ECAR ied OOH SA Ns SRE une bd tee Aor DOr Meee awn ha Mee Mhiciedha Deak 2 ce ieee eke eS 57 37 De ap eae SORE COME AS Ween see acee ene ers 54 15 SOMME eco es ate eres ok ey ER Bhdy AO Efile eget ee MAES Se A aa VN ie rr ee | 54 10 Sept: sts. ceek a eis eae e ais cep neers ote | 5t 09 PO stipe eco brad Ey OR Ret aR Gp ie le Pe a | 54 29 LF ie eh 5 a eRe Sate aR iene Sa ipl ich ae | 54 29 eee ed Che banter een oe taller cette ie ee te Se 54 52 (ois ea Ha ce eek ete Se eS 54 49 ee NEE ie Lieu Niatd Oo eae oe ae et De 54 07 ts i SSCS ok IA MRT oR J 54 52 Tha ee aa a oa Ne en ASN oe ea 54 41 AW te been Bas aa eo anes OE ag i aT eh) NSU AY are re ee eee AMERICAN SCHOONER DEEAHKS (BERING SEA), JAMES CLAPLANHOY, MASTER. [Catch, 1,023; 155 males, 868 females. ] 1894. N PASTE DRO eae yeinh an mints eas caer eran wiley Gnrmele eicie ames Sai b4 pe eter eccrine iets Smear ernest erat mre ciere mars 54 See sa cise ate eicte Shai cad crake oaacers eeaveteee ome wees 54 Tt a Sa a eR Seen yey et ae Eek ibe ate aan Ree eeee erie ae As ome raiae eal mae come olor. 8 Sse 56 Dee meer etre aneiete Ara NS Oe ates Shines ee ok Gea ea 56 ANE 8 ree in RS ee wa sarees tale eee ee cats melertinwes 56 1S oa Ree! SEO SRE ee poe eR ee a ane Se ene 5d UI NER Ae Ieee career rc Eee CR eaten Neenah SN 55 hs eset ee SOLE rn ee DEN: Lie Seen aes ae 55 MOS Serena eine aol pocahontas ee Gute emcee 55 PAS Bes preteen en SE Ee Sim I See a ae 54 ae rc Re I eso nr arate ena ale eeore terete Bar ee 54 CA: ee Oe AS ESE ob te = eet ee nee an ae oe 54 OPPS eS eile a eee a pa he eens seek De oaks oiemeciaet 54 Pea Se saa chars Ite oes aa a olaicl bale tdiecs am lofate antics Cistes See 55 VAC he BEC OEIS SCTE Boeri CEE ETE TEATS BPE aie ares 54 Seed eisiat ya syn etd sie ula main erga tas ion tere seen ee ae 54 es Stele ta imei lowe ie inls Mem amee eas eee eee emer 54 OE i ttoreroa Sen Sy aim oe yates ete sais eae ee aeeyars leer 54 Bente layers icesac SE eee Care ee i De er Dame a SE ERE Bee ee eras Rides Aad Meee eos 54 SOOO OE A aS PORES te eo Ge Sar SY 54 Ba eeiarecle eet ote dolore Seis Ce ogee oa Se Oe ees 54 Qeaseeee oan oes oo fa) sane nodes Ss. Pe sek ene aes 54 LO a Sean riocte oe sis ot cina Sodas CA eRe 54 De Ee aR i aN ha nS Srciore es CRO OE a fe 54 1D Sto MASS Soe ee ee See ee ah eee 54 AR ajainpe stan seeiate Sissi taiciv'e ww rae oe Se onee ae 54 i ea a Brees eats alas oe ee Cee ee See eto cI 54 172 4-4-1 Novre.—Data for sex not collected by me from August 6 to September 2, but reported from custom- house at Port Townsend as 155 males, 868 females.—C. H. T 58 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER STELLA ERLAND (BERING SEA). { | : | | Date. Latitude. ee des Males. Females. Total. SS oe ——— = == a | | 1894 N. W. | | Der EP ales BS Sea Suan aoe See ae oie Bors Sale 54 44| 167 23 7 37 44 BN ce es, Soe Rieke n ee BA yee Sha 54 56| 167 41 3 13 16 ee ere See eae San te 2 Ree as 56049) al65) “5ON ee tes 6 6 PA OS ac ean: Fe Res. ne BSA WBE Olle cess 1 1 “fe I a Ea OL Se a Sei ae BR AL TS BT Wwe nl 1 | 1 Als TOR CROREILS Serra ie SiO eae eetie s Me emnie ey 57 48 | 172 28 2 33 | 35 oe oo i yi BES? OE 25 Pa aL rE 56 30] 172 35 3 21 24 “aE a a Riv 2iRar 2 SIG PO ae ee ara ae acy 3 eae ae 1 1 Ga CNR SRE BP PS AIRS eC 54 40 | 168 59 1 5 | 6 SE RRS EEL Oe MOR EA ON Ci Eee 54 24 | 168 57 5 9. 14 TLS ep CBRE 2c GE ee Ce aan SAE, 53 47| 169 35 14 32 | 46 TT 2 ek A 5 a2 AMR a 53 35 | 169 41 31 51 | 82 lls ee emt arn Ava cite mee eta c era ee ars 58 841 ‘169 21 23 85 58 2 aR: SPE TE Gk aT aS ae 53 38} 169 25 39 59 | 98 CS Re REaT, | Siege ens ERC Ue Gee 53 471 169 40 21 29 | 50 TR LOC! eh, la eg Peete | 54 20] 167 47 17 8 | 25 HORNA DOU. 1 ie Oy 1 SIG PC Aw es 54 46 | 166 55 32 55 87 iT ae hot eet AR POU SMALE WO aie RE Me Te | | 54 55] 166 59 3 12 15 TERE EE TRI caren Sn i TE ES Toe ae | 55 09! 166 55 Lean) ee 1 1 SB We atl ae dy IRL SI oe Oa RA ERT 54 48| 166 3 7 | 29 29 See eee ta Grate, eS Des eds 54 47| 166 15 10 Lis*|; agg CLE RODE As Sn ii, SU esi Pe ee aay, jae oe Cae 219 542 761 | AMERICAN SCHOONER IDA ETTA (BERING SEA), B. B. WHITNEY, MASTER. {Crew, 17; boats, 9; hunters, 9.) Sept. Ww. 169 00 5 2 7 170 46 6 8 14 171 25 3 4 7 171 34 12 51 63 171 37 1 12 13 173 48 2 6 8 173 35 6 12 18 ye ae ees 1 1 168 39 25 53 78 168 10 6 17 23 167 55 Bale tsa 3 168 05 Bilpcstae a 3 Tee Geo 36 36 167 27 Di lecaute eee 2 168 50 15 37 52 168 14 6 | 13 19 167 50 5 20 25 167 49 14 | 59 73 169 00 2 | 18 20 169 35 36 | 46 81 168 35 9. 18 27 ee ee 1 1 168 09 10 2 12 168 15 8 | 4 12 169) a aches | 1 1 167 39 14 | 14 28 166 03 5 | 38 43 165 55 4 | 21 25 166 05 6 33 39 eecaay Sie, 204 582 736 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 59 Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vesssls in Bering Saa and the North Pacifie Ocean in 1894—Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER COLUMBIA (BERING SEA), T. J. POWERS, MASTER. [Crew, 24; canoes, 10; hunters, 10; boats, 1.] Date. Petiinds: peer Males. | Females.| Total. 1894. NET y| Wiens} JAC Sit a eta) GE Pa, Se a 55 11| 171 10| 9 4 13 Meds Sr See ee oad ee NN coo e aie Boy | 17 3.|) "26 27 53 BS oetuis cue e a ec wise Sone Mo eet eee ldteoaeeoane Bie Re) eaWiase Fai0 | 6 9 15 Ges eeeic arecte oe sete crenata hw ainie sisteie maine eis tame) as 56.09) |. 173 30) 3 3 6 TORE LAER ole = be eta ems arias £1 Cpe is a I 56 30{ 173 10] 7 5 12 Boise cyereancisiias cise cin sine ote cee eee ete ciatores 56) 33). 172) 34. By 10 15 De Ay crceresstetsielate io mae eee tyke arene oietetarela RS fonetena mee 56 ob | 172 28 | pI encore 1 AQ eee esse toc ewsscianwonsecene< Pais eos temceeeet 56 54) 172 48 11 16 27 AN prte Ste ere aor Dictate Seba s ieee cr claie ints (aretuinaiote 57 09 | 173 19 20 27 47 epee SAE eee ote ees cote omic ee cme cence Se OL | 174 20 3 2 5 Oe cccise a cee ec eernicetboccmetd ci nae hem hemearebieac 57 06 | 174 14 4 8 12 DO ees ose eine bias icine abeye ein aiaate aca See ereb neloaiaiws ses 57 49 | Gy t0) 3 | 9 12 Ae Re aie Ste Ee oie oi ca aes anton See 57 49 | 175 Ol 2 | 2 4 TAS “BRR GS Se Dees Ui re eee, Tie We eee 57 54| 175 09 | 2 1 3 Oi eh a Sc vaciafetate ate tara 'd) craic cwies Smaak Sateawioees 57 00 178 62 19 23 42 Beas oie ioe ei cle hae oes a ratate ee Hie elon Be ana rae orete eer oa 55 46 | Nas OF de Reapers 1 ISG Dts lee eee Ce ie oateciasajacis ais eee oe see sisie 55) 25) 172 55 3 6 9 PA aI aye Hes eh ee ne Re ghee Ane eA te SD2orl lige 2k 18 25 43 ee ae ene ate oer Sn ee ae eee sce Be a eerae 54 58 | 172 26 1 3 4 RD tat eae Caetano ree aa) aisle akepa seit eh techn cians aint Seen 54 28 167 57 19 14 33 ES eS ae et aae re i ode Oe eRe hr Saige eta tie 54 19 167 53 3 5 8 TD Ee car Ne a ee ae ok 2 a 30 miles north of 9 15 24 Bogoslof Island. Soh te eee Oa area eee Se eed B14 25 | 167 30 5 9 14 “4 CLG) TY DR Ae OU ie ar SO Rs rt er Rk De ected De a SS eee ce 180 | 223 | 403 AMERICAN SCHOONER THERESE (BERING SEA), CHARLES HARITWEN, MASTER. [Crew, 22; boats, 6; hunters, 6.] 1894. Wane Ww. | | Se So oe eee eae a De spatethll cians. ae 1 | 1 Be Ae hy Sea ee ae a mn et REIL RDO en eee 56 57 Adel oy ee ee | 1 | 1 RS FARA EEN Ceres Win A OE an og REE 57 54 174 06 | 3 | 4 BPN ii CULT aR E eR Seay eB afl ike ah bee 58 09 173 38 1 12 | 13 RRR Rae OL SN SEN Oe oe ery GE) BBS 58 22 173 04 1 25 26 Sy Pree Re Sal Se ee 5Sy ole. wlse 0Sslneseeeee 2 2 ee amen eT bs sei Mien U8 HE Se ea ee 58 02) I71 50 Oil case akene 2 BRIE ee Cais Payer tage ya eR Sy TERE 55 05 166 45 i 11 12 Ame Cee WR eae th gs 2K Nae eee RDA DR Layee 54 52 166) “DLP aes 37 37 ns Se RGA A. 5 SA SFSU, TEE GA Ae et Hae 56i) 166, 2a eseeeeee 5 5 RE Re Re SN ce es Utuek a Area 51 43] 166 52 | 20 31 | 51 Boe rae oe pentane ae ea eae 54 22 166 52 13 23 36 PSPS Se NCL! 2 21 ET o haga Seana aL, 54 22 166 27 10) 10 20 WAS FON ese eed Seay epee) Weatte eae) a eee ay died 54 49 165 59 20 46 66 Sis anaes at eee et SAD nt aS ia BR ee oe 54 47 166 18 6 9 15 Be SSR oe ROI ne ee CE ea ane Oe eLE 54 46 166 19 ial eeseeeenee 1 es 5 SS apg BS ae LN Mis coi Wii One gi 54 50 165 21 1 | 5 | 6 (Ya SRP ra ail alii E IU rks ae CTR 54 39 166 26 4 | 15 | 19 1 eps eae 7 Oe oe ae oe ee ade Seren ead 54 36 TY OS [se eantec | i | 1 eres [bassin Per Sy pete RS IE Raa e aA AA ees) ae LO ae Rs epee a OS ener eee eee 81 | 237 | 318 AMERICAN SCHOONER ALLIE I. ALGAR (BERING SEA), WESTER, MASTER. Ww. 168 50 b'|pscacegsee 1 167 43 20 49 69 167 30 | 10 15 25 167 18 10 13 23 167 50 5 4 9 168 08 3 5 8 168 40 11 16 oF 168 20 12 20 32 168 06 23 29 52 167 57 | 16 20 36 TETIOG eee 3 3 167 36 9 14 23 168 08 2 2 4 167 55 2 4 6 168 14 4 5 9 cig sea af pea lho Apa ee 128 199 327 60 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER ROSE SPARKS (BERING SEA), J. W. TROTT, MASTER. Date. Latitude. Tonge Males. Females. Total. 1894. AO a Ee | PAU LI Mente ese se ease at Gare Seen Reet heen cee 56 42) 174 23 1 1 2 Ga SABA Ee SS ee EAA REE? SRS AA 2 te Aa EE Bid Sete peli) se | rea aes 2 2 TOM 27k ter te ee Pek Seen Dee See a: § 54 42) 167 48 | 5 52 57 ee ee cee Men ee nha OP ie iran 54 48 167 20 1 2 3 i Sec Sate art aR ae Oke es eS OR Rae aoe Se 54 381 | 167 15 5 14 19 ON AE ieee ae Be aera eA CRE Sak ee A baleen | 55 26] 167 57 i |e see | 1 Chim fete Ai eS Nal EERO = St EE 1a oe Been: Sed Da eNO eT, loc tera 2) 2 DATE Re ea SS SET AS See Same ian brea ep 55 06| 167 48 | 3. 18 21 DAE EE Se Seer ge Reon Fock a hones canis 54 54] 168 10 5 25 30 3{0)8's a RPO Se Le REE Ae PRD e Lee ae RAR 54 48! 168 20 5 17 22 Ey [De eel ae ae am IR PREY sie eR ade a 20 54 54] 167 30 | 2 | 2 | 4 SEE OL Toe dle aS AR GEL SSS 2 Ca eae eh 56 53 172 50 | 4 | 6 10 Ane Sema Sin ek Rea oh et AE 2a ae 56 58 (ie 25 30 | 15 45 ee SEE DENS SOAS Ee Ap tee RAL ee eee 56 58 | 173 30 | 50 2 112 fc Vine eet OE es et ee eB es Sa eae 57 06) 173 30 | 5 13 18 eee ren ewe ees Seer eRe SEES 57 15 73% 40 ee 5 5 1 se tices Se Ss ee ae Ee aU Mere 56 29 173 05 30 | 70 100 1 AS ae Eee Se ee Sc Paee eet eae oz Gy Pay = alee 0 | 20 36 56 1 eee ee ak 3 ee es Seer naee, dae eee Ree 55 46 171 59 | 4 | 11 15 Oe ene Se ene can eee eae oe aa ook onesee Hora0n i alin “807 15 | 25 37 ee The RN GIES al SRE oS eee 54 38 168 50 80 | 63 143 OE Re ee ea GON Mee UE enh Caner nah eee 54 382 168 25 | 50 58 108 Pa Us Bet Oe te ce aie a OES NRE Cetera a 45 ea | 54 30 168 29 38 51 389 ek eats Byer fee pe A Ranh PAN CORE a OR a ee RN A 54 38 168 20 10 12 22 Grime oe ee Aine es erent ik ta Sr ete Noe on 54 3 168 12 20 30 50 yf eo RRA EOE nce ie oct toed SPIN ee ee a eee 54 40 168 00 | 70 93 163 ce pap bac aah paAagenos = SSeS aps eenOaoe DOA Gs Oee 54 53 167 50 | 80 98 | 178 DI en el SR 2 Se Ra ae epee ha 4 See eS 54 46 168 40 50 117 167 SOS See ree os eae eee er ne ee Seamer 54 54] 167 58 42 83 125 Se ere Raye Se oa STR aye Rh, 55 00, 168 18 26 | 35 61 Sept ese eeaece ere cence cues cotived - acca tembeonees: 54 57 168 12 80 244 324 OE hy, San i aE Ss eM ale Bere gros AE alps Ba 55 O01] 168 20 40 83 123 Liebe cakes et ae a eee Ee oS ei ed ae ce 55 04 168 30 Th) 19 26 ER C.D Se ee EE Pe oe eee ere eens a 55 09 168 20 53 | 90 143 (Do abet eae Se ee he tans Senet 55 20 168 55 97 207 304 ee ae foe cts Sec at eA Renee Lad de 55 18 | 169 09 17 38 55 See ene Sore cane ee Seal aa acta aes aie as 55 05 169 09 40 87 127 ric A Se ga ae a Rie i 55 20!" 169 08 53 157 210 1D ee een ae oes am Ghee in San Lee ate | 55 20) 169 08 2 14 16 TGS Uist re ayers toe tere Siete oes ora ie eis a wasn tos Mata Kamei duet 1, 163 2,087, 3, 240 CANADIAN SCHOONER SAPPHIRE (BERING SEA). 1894. Nn. | Ww. ANG. Moesesaes8es chess anuecessos sas soSeyeoesorSlaeceas 54 58 170 59 53 42 95 171 20 31 38 69 171 16 9 8 17 172 01 41 42 83 171 51 3 13 46 173 59 12 7 19 173 04 18 19 37 173 30 2 4 6 172 42 25 56 81 172 30 25 21 46 171 49 5 13 18 168 48 30 45 75 169 20 21 50 71 168 39 8 20 28 167 43 10 2 12 167 42 66 59 125 167 45 50 33 83 168 06 HU Barcesces 6 168 47 10 6 16 168 45 70 83 153 169 02 41 20 61 169 04 60 26 86 168 09 112 45 157 168 13 8 3 11 168 05 110 64 174 168 37 42 25 67 168 48 8 4 12 168 18 98 30 128 168 21 12 4 16 168 03 28 9 87 168 02 yy ees ae 3 168 O1 62 49 111 168 09 TO trea hae J 168 40 Dh See es 2 168 58 31 11 42 168 23 20 4 24 167 04 4 1 5 167 02 24 16 40 166 11 nV Ree Se 14 164 38 21 7 28 BSE C Ca U NESE ISRO GEE DEC EE EAC o EIR aaa peter eae | |OUR anne 1, 226 879 2, 105 64 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER AURORA (BERING SEA). Date. Latitude. pene Males. Females. Total. N. Ww. 56 23 173 40 4 9 13 56 30 174 00 10 12 22 56 25 173 35 1 5D) 23 56 45 173 35 6 1 7 56 12 172 43 20 17 37 56 17 173 10 3 10 13 56 40 nie oon eee 9 | 9 53 55 170 56 12 22 34 54 04 168 00 16 22 38 55 28 166 00 3 5 | 8 55 18 166 01 4 8 12 53 18 Too NGOmeseces ce 1 1 AR ea ata ee eho crates te oe EIR wile cto aeine [Sorento Berner 79 138 217 CANADIAN SCHOONER BEATRICE, OF SHANGHAI (BERING SEA). 1894. Nem |e awe PAR ees Uy te re to Non ee haa eee ask a ane nie hearts | 54 49 166 35 3 10 13 RRM Soak See en) evan MIN Se eit Sees | 55 14 170 34 1 6 7 AS So 5 TOES Od ee ee 5 ie ane Oe i oe 54 59 170 16 | 55 136 191 Fenree tee aS (ot MS Se Pete ks 54 53 170 23 | 10 79 89 (aR oa ae a RS ORI 2 Ee ee. amen 54 50 170 49 | 14 72 86 Pa hate Ea ks Ge ee (Ge a aan one are 54 45 170 44 | 19 23 42 NC Be pe COS 9 URES ial aie | ie) a Se 54 25 170 53 | 11 6 17 Se A Os 5 SRR SESS © Stee ey a 54 19 P71, 27 | 18 6 24 IDM Sas See 2 ee oe 1S eee ee eee ne |. Bd (82 171 49 | 15 14 29 Ee ee ek ahr Sea io Mate tien a See Een | 54 654 171 30 | 2 8 10 Tee eee Oe Po MOR TaN Te Se ae aS | 54 46 170 18 | 4 6 10 TI Pen oe dR SE cone ae ete Ree Pe Me Per | 55 08 gle OG jee 6 6 TUES 2 apa St RE SPONSES RY yep Ce 54 52 171 00 6 48 54 TY 2 pS Oe Ha a Rg As ae A ENS SE OL 54 58 170 53 3 4 7 Fics Se RE SORE Rey co a, bt nee a Ah aaa 55 12 169 27 1 14 15 25) th PIS SRT ER Se i i A Tear eae yee 54 57 171 01 | ii 13: | 20 Dyed etl a Oe hy a es pA Aer Tee g 54 34 171 34 7 43 50 Se REE oe AS et) FE ee ene 54 32 171 36 | 2 21 23 AIOE 2, CET 8 Bie TOS em We Se CPO ie ae he ae 55 22 T7384 5 16 21 A ene Aeneas hoe AENEAN Ae CMe een es 55 (08 170 40 | 10 40 50 LES CCRT RNAS RETRO INGE R= Ma FAN eee NT 55 O01 170 31 | 3 5 | 8 Shiite, VBE eS NSE Yee oe ee Paes Se ee ee 54 41 170 24 | 30 82 | 112 PRE fac ae RAN SD Maa Oe 2 gis © GORE aes | CRD RC aS 54 49 170 02 | 3 3 6 Bee En Ns Oe ees at ee 2 SON ee ek 54 24 168 41 5 4 9 Fed ROAST Be nN NOt 9 GRE eC meta 54 57 170 14 6 | 13 | 19 [PES eR ae ee Ip Per ie ee 54 56 167 35 | 5 1 16 SI AC TORSO 0: AM Ihe oo ERS ae eee a 54 55 167 28 | 20 | 75 | 95 5 PER ee aT te = Sa an Ppie ee 55 08 167 37} 5 Mees 3 TERRES ae Gio ee eee A Coy | NERS Men ey ees heey, 167 14 15 13 28 TEAR Ee Se Se SS eres aes eee Lae ee | 54 87 166 55 12 3 15 TNs see ee ee eS ren bh Roe | 54 39 167 03 19 | 20 39 ee eee 2 eS Se an eens eee SS be Ud 5B AGG) Ae! Bil aks eee 3 UG ss fic sh pote stone ee a ae Si eee 55 09 167 04 20 16 36 POU 2 Ae te he ae nt ie Aaa at 54 51 166 42 4 2 Oye Abo Sa Ve ee 22. Lia ety aes 54 22 166 36 Ted MA Sense pat 1 | TOURICS Sgvdag teat he Gea eels see net ane ee em knees 342 818 | 1,160 CANADIAN SCHOONER MASCOT (BERING SEA). | 1894. N. Ww. 257 (1,91 eS ea PSE eg Ue ac Se RE ese ca 55 06 168 20 | 18 | 5 23 De oe NG ee ee oa 54 40 167 20 | 2 4 6 Tes Se SA OEE a eB 3, ERR Cee 54 20 167 10 1 | 2 | 3 WEEHSO BEDSSAE Sco Soin Saqse sacba Soon aR Se Saun See 55 34 171 33 | 2 | 3 | 5 MOP ae a ase UL SD OO Se OER 55 40) 171 15] 33 | 22 | 55 US Sees SME PBA ee eS San mar Seer see aoe 56 10/ 172 00 ahi) 7 18 Oe ACER AY. © On MD tes ciao sehen See a Ses ae BG) Ooull) aii lb 12 10 22 eit een WORRIES EE AER LOI Te OTN Ts Sut -57 56| 173 29 | 31 26 57 DBAS SS a nen me WERKE tes toe ee er Yes atic 57 56] 173 29 4 | 7 11 HOES Be ere es ae A ahh Sarna ek Cat ENE 57 50} (173) tT | 5 | 4 9 Sey Pathe Fy Cah aed Cee eT pales Fak EER SE Seis Fat og Pe 57 47 173 15 16 25 41 OAR ARR foals A a hats WR eh te BRR 57 49} 173 13 | 15 | 35 50 ES ES Seren Ri ner | See ie os SA Ee 58 03] 173 46 | 18 | 12| 4 30 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 65 Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER MASCOT (BERING SEA)—Continued. Date. Latitude. Tenet Males. | Females.| Total, Pa | 1894 N. W Bip: Coe se ewan Cee ee Sa als 58 02| 174 00 11 al 22 Bet TRAE a i, Seth a 2 CMe ein RE EN 58 04 | 173 50| 39 19 58 GY Te Re ORI AE HERE ONG dct ORS Bo 58 14| 173 45) 21 19 40 GoD AE Ri Is op ia IR AER: WRN Cd SY | 8 9 58 02] 173 35 16 4 20 Ip ae Reet OF eee ak sak Beene enon eee 58 00! 173 35 | 23 20 43 (a) | (a) | 21 11 32 otal 22 167 40. 57 37 94 SE SS SCO CO SS AROOC Ere cis SE ORE Oar aaa 54°15 167 45 | 20 25 45 See oes Peta Nalscie& Stealers Gis ae atatermotaves aaie)s 54 20 167 30 105 52 157 Ree Re aeons sie clta mete me ninaicrs 54 40 167 25 13 24 37 a mote fot aera eiaeera eile niterdeee ees e ees 54 25 TOF GONE Lees 2 2 Ucar aan bok wees Seciheucciicee aon medaeanaa maine 54 3d 167 06 20 13 33. Sgarera atts im Shake ial A esis shops] wine wtet/uiia inte Siw a wip cia mye | mies aioe tales | tata ate tats oe eee | 490 569 1, 059 CANADIAN SCHOONER AINOKO (BERING SEA). Aug. Sept. 68 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Posilions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued, CANADIAN SCHOONER KATE (BERING SEA). Date. Latitude.| 100g | Males. | Females.| Total. ude. | N Ww. 55 56| 167 31 1 5 6 56) 210) 167 28 1 20 21 57 37| 166 43 1 14 15 sy NN aIG OS SY | eee 1 1 58 03| 172 00 4 11 15 58 O01; 172 30 4 7 11 55 SOON aUilendIad| is ook 8 8 55 05 | 170 20 5 38 43 54 41] 168 50 29 54 83 54 37| 169 00 36 67 103 54 51| 167 56 3 3 6 Bal dal LS eto ae ee 9 9 54 49} 169 06 31 62 93 54 36| 169 24 15 45 60 54 31| 168 43 1 3 4 54 39 | 168 41 10 44 54 54 45 | 167 59 3 3 6 54 58] 168 03 52 40 92 54 29] 168 25 8 i 19 54 18 | 167 40 1 1 2 54 42| 167 37 12 12 24 Bh Gn lh Osi Pale sae ene 2 2 55 05 | 168 56 9 16 19 54 32| 169 00 | 15 13 28 54 45 | 168 35 | 12 19 31 54 50] 167 37 | it Beeseertes 1 64,47) 167 39| 12 15 | 27 54 47| 167 39 8 10 18 34 59 3 | 7 564 | 867 Aug. = < 7 12 31 52 6 10 1 1 2 2 2 3 6 11 34 78 9 15 13 29 7 12 63 110 13 18 24 40 41 60 42 69 21 35 19 32 17 38 Sept. 1 a S 7 19 1 4 5 18 2 7 1 3 16 40 Sp rsaniceinc 1 492 909 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 69 Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER WALTER L. RICH (BERING SEA). » Date Latitude. pea Males. | Females.| Total.] 1894, N. Ww. j 24 10 103 14 25 56 116 79 14 179 64 103 34 28 43 35 105 85 46 94 278 30 113 11 Ota ee eerste nae e ett neces wicimenta sasre celle Sebidee el sa nemtan ses 1, 000 749 1,749 45 65 i 3 28 44 1 1 23 41 55 76 6 13 1 1 41 72 63 87 27 39 1 i 1 1 114 161 44 56 14 18 58 73 50 68 1 1 3 17 20 53 60 141 90 193 | 30 88 12 22 Sept. 116 192 9 2L 15 25 10 18 11 17 2 3 vesteseeine 1 20 34 9 14 5 5 986 1, 665 a Boat of schooner Minnie picked up by schooner Favorite with 5 skins. 70 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER SAN JOSE (BERING SEA). Date. | Latitude. pres Males. | Females.| Total. Ns WwW. 54 54 166 28 2 2 4 54 54 166 28 10 74 84 a5 OL 167 05 8 15 23 55 O01 167 23 12 20 32 55 12 168 15 4 5, 9 55 04 169 04 2 1 3 55 02 170 37 2 1 3 Bo) 138 170 55 3 2 5 obe 168 10 8 3 11 54 25 166 34 30 13 43 54 56 166 44 15 8 23 54 54 167 33 13 t 17 Bb. 20nl) .1'68) 00M: cee eee 1 al 55: 20 GG. oa eee ees 2 2 54457 Wiis |-e--eee- 26. 26 a is} 167 30 3 40 43 55 O01 167 SLL) 6 20 26 55 04| 167 50| 14 40 54 baer 168 06) 4 9 13 Son LL 168 36 | a 50 57 dy als 168 36) 9 20 29 DoT OL || los tO 4 9 13 55 15 | 168 55 20 50 70 65) 15 169 20 43 80 123 55 14 169 24 1 2 3 55 «(00 169 00 10 20 30 55 05 168 10 14 40 54 55 16 168 25 3 i 10 54 48 169 03 i 2 3 64 385 | 166 36 4 18 22 54 28 166 00 4 9 13 ate cite, wfatelons ue) hate w tense o aratebt o's miniciniohs mica pa pemeloanipielein biniateioie uchatags 256 593 849 CANADIAN SCHOONER KILMENY (BERING SEA). N. Ww. 55 30 165 00 8 11 19 55 00 166 00 vA 2 9 55 «10 165 00 AS eee eas 1 55 00 167 00 6 1 13 iia} libs 166 30 a Breese erect: 2 55 380 167 00 50 43 93 65. 12 167 00 2] 3 5 55: 10 167 40 50 | 59 109 55 00 167 00 10 11 21 55 00>) 165 00 4 4 8 55 10 166 00 20 15 35 54 40 166 25 4 8 12 54 20 168 20 4 2 6 54 40 167 00 53 43 96 54 50 167 20 4 40 44 54 30 167 40 4 10 14 b4) 30) 167 30 40 34 74 54 35 167 28 29 9 38 54 40 167. 15 1 4 5 54 10 167 5 3 6 9 54 35 167 20 3 10 13 54 40 DOTAMOS Eset eaes 2 2 54 00 166 03 1 2 3 53 15 165 10 1 2 3 Ett. 2 ee ate nen ee 307 327 634 | SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. tie Positions where fur seals were taken by American and Canadian vessels in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean in 1894—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER HENRIETTA (BERING SEA). Longi- Sept. »” Date Latitude. tade: Males. | Females.| Total. NG et | 8 Nie 54 50 166 20 8 15 23 55 00 166 30 15 24 39 55 46 166 30 18 21 39 54 40 | 168 46 12 | 11 23 54 16 169 19 100 20 120 54 05 169 27 21 5 26 54 47 169 16 12 15 27 bis SN tare 168 53 120 65 185 54 56 169 10 40 21 61 55 02 168 52 20 3l 51 Db) 15 168 40 10 32 42 55 00| 169 36 3 4 a ini! (0s) 169 34 3 | 9 12 55 10 168 56 20 33 53 54 40 167 00 Plays 34 59 otal Se pees ete tajain ele age on einin = anisole fat eiaiel=l lel s[e =! a wo o : ' ' . : . . . ’ ’ . =r) OAOrOIK ANH OWN RN AO RE May poe 0 ee anwdoonadRe SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 75 Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895— Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER HERMAN (JAPAN COAST AND BERING SEA), SCOTT, MASTER— Continued. = | "Date. Latitude. tour | Males. Females.| Total. 1895. N. eee | 1 Oday ieiceetl ovedys Ao See atte a hel ein ae Ane oa ae ee Cape, Werimo Nes20 bo ee ce ee sae eee i miles. Daa chee ey pe Oe end cre ten mee ata ate alalerate 41 49 1 a fal RO Sera ee eer ee Se 29 DOis Ree ete ESR aioe eis ciate Bide tains pislctelee 41 58 PAD Ori 2 Sie. 8h ee ss ae 19 airs ay ae Wrayrarat ate etcietaleiar eto aiate telat teia are nnteiele manta wisiere tai eie 41 50 1G PA AUN ey aes i eee is Sti 29 Ps eee Tee ES Ne har alate elses lclsie ae Cape MerimovH IN| oe2 celeste 13 4 E. QO sata dsee ee esa meee tists Cites mew eamaloed anes Mistance SOMES elas seals eee oeiees 9 DUNG Wessso sae ee eet eee die a eeiels sclsitew qelececie ts Sibtostiam INOW lon |e eee es |oeieitee eects 2 miles. Pe ASE BE Ete an GRE OC SOE RAC SE pee BOonEtioe Siow NON aMOne ee cs cel nescecemes 14 miles. Thin Biersiarncariarets a ais Hic mircte = aiSictos oiniat deters ee cyard oitotans Weend'ot Vetoruniet)-+54a-s| sees coe 16 Island NW. 25 miles. | Sie Sa ee i Neth ee tetas el eee AG so sashae eee ee ccec | Saeite seats 8 LOW ees otek eek, & Roe an eta eis 47. 33 | 125 20 Ut loeece cane ‘7. AR Se eee To Sean Bae ae clove steictois ie ciate Snhate ie ere Salter 47 44 125 50 12 20 32 dea ertaltetelaysim male baie ora ope eierenlea sa aunts. = aivahie eee 47 43 | 125 45 2 15 17 Bete ene etorscpete calor nis or Siam Drace ate rvin' aloe eabetatajetas woes cae 47 52) 125 08 2 2 4 pL Sadie = ae es, Senet Se noe ea od ec: a A 47 44 125 07 13 41 54 PR Ga 2 Bates eleis ersjcie cae sche ee ate etc sig oe acne ai cred |S ckiewiee cae 165 204 a 369 a Shot 40, speared 329. Customs examination, 216 females and 153 males. AMERICAN SCHOONER COLUMBIA (NORTHWEST COAST), 0. F. CHRISTIANSON, MASTER. | 26 | 35 | 61 12 8 | 20 letsjvdetets 1 | 1 Serpe ies 11 11 3 4 7 1 1 2 18 27 45 16 37 53 3 4 7 6 57 63 sabsoeeS 2 2 1 3 4 14 41 55 9 10 19 12 18 30 5 9 14 6 8 14 2 4 6 Re coneee 1 1 Sept. 4 32 36 2 2 4 seedouds 1 1 4 14 18 2 14 16 2 3 5 11 22 33 2 2 4 1 8 9 1 2 3 163 381 544 B4 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895— Continu ed. AMERICAN SCHOONER JAS.G.SWAN (NORTHWEST COAST), PETER BROWN, MASTER. Stal Date. | Latitude. | pene Males. | Females.| Total. S | | | | | 1895. Nowa. a ee ee Pee MO eee ho et ee ee. we 48 00 126 00. 9) 6 15 CS ONE OR RE os 5 eae ctetee Sas EE eiipian ne ae 48 07| 125 58 22 | 12 34 ios See a gee ee ee 48 12} 1296 03 | 3 | 4 | 7 SR SERRE IRE TOG ae cs OR Ss ele in 48 09| 126 05 10) 17 | 27 5 a. ae RN Se See By BEd oe LO i ee Ae | 48 05 125 15 | 3 | 2 5 (2A: RRR ce Pr in Sis 3 5 FP Cn CES ZEAE. dle UB ese 1 1 IT as oN 3 Sak Oy eee RNs | 47 40] 125 19 3 | 5 8 CDS Uae Meee CN Cs aren © met pe amr iaed AT a5 eon 5 | 6 11 TAD R h aa e ae GELS eee.) TER dance Ue Siege | 47 49| 125 93 10 | 13 | 93 DEI cage te ied Oe ik AN 2,5 2) E YT o a A S T | aaah mel oa roy |eee nee | 2 | 2 STG 8 SS RY, ONE sara ee ee yg 47 40 125 22 1 1 2 SURUS: Vas Seere ees, Bw ee 3c Tae A SR ene ae 47 42 125 23 3 2 5 =O) 7k Se ae or hed Sak DS GCP EEN el 47 50! 125 30 14 7 | 21 2 Saeco BA oR RESTO ete I a a 47 51] 125 21 3 | 5 | 8 SR GES Se ETAL, 1 ined eS et te A 47 44! 125 05 | 14 41 | 55 WNBA eee a de tie ee. 0 ey oe ee ae ae ee epee Se 100 124 a224 a Shot 30, speared 194. Customs examination, 156 females and 68 males. AMERICAN SCHOONER JAS. G. SWAN (BERING SEA), J. W. TODD, MASTER. 1895. | Nvidia pal | renga seater ceo AA eis a Se Birdies coeeeee 54 22) 166 59 | | 3 | 10 Pike a AAPL eee epee eS ete aie cree ee ae 54 38 | 167 48 3 | 5 8 Ee Rees Nes 1h Oe ears Ses ote EEA 54 42} 167 38 8 | 7 15 CUS IEA eS IS 2 a 8 ee | 54 44| 166 55 12 | 10 22 1h Lk ERR DR Gye is Asan SES SOUS ny epee 55 24 itp Ailpay: ts aes 28) 1 | 1 Ren sso se OY SMe Fae SSIs WA 5 55 10 171 02 3 | 8 11 1 ae eR SE a ED GENET SOR ES Tee a Sepa cd pete 55 20} 170 10. 81) 91 THEMES EES te Ban Me Dene 9 ee Bey eee eek eae ee | 54°52] 170 15 9 | 64 | 73 LO Sa eR ot ORL S 2 deel eS OE a Be 54 48 170 22 4 | 5 “9 SEE AE LA RE Re VRRP TELE See 55 18| 170 30 8 68 76 CS Rapes atte Se pestle. oo ies toma Sa eee oe atk \) SobetSa)) el70) 17 7 | 57 64 “Efe spel ORAS ae Tae Be at Ree eRe ee | 55 22] 170 09 16 | 73 | 89 hae - SO aehy eee eR ee oe Segre ee ae Seed SoD LO7e|, 16958 leaeee ce | 1 1 Re eee et eae 2 ins (2 a ee ee eee 55 30| 169 58 | 16 | 82 | 98 2) [2c St Saat gen eee CT NS eS 55 22| 170 08 11 55 66 OD eee a OM OR TN RA te 55 22) 170 06 12 68 80 GASES eR LMR Yeh De SL Meg set EAM La Pts a 55 08| 170 40 | 8 52 60 Py AY (a See Re CEE ea pe 55 04) 170 45 | 25 55 80 ee ARE Rp eas enh Mee SUE. Pa ae 55 14] 170 40 | q 23 30 8 £ eAE e Go Raion We EE | 55 22 169 48 | 3 4 Yi enti tee a ee ee ae See Renee ee 55 24| 169 54 | 31 121 152 Oe © eee, Pees Asset! Sai ee aie ee 55 24) 170 25 8 13 21 1 Re ee Se OS Sn, Es BO Ae Ty S3 55 24| 170 20] 4 16 20 WG fals oak Ree EA Sic dd ee pees | eee | 212 872 | 1,084 AMERICAN SCHOONER STELLA ERLAND (NORTHWEST COAST), H. K. NEWGARD, MASTER. 1895. N, ERE eoceli e < Ue RIOR: So Pe = SAR Birman? a 48 16 REOAE tee fae eee Se eee gee 47 51 Lt PRBS yah apa «SSeS ae SER tS 48 03 tered Coe ee hy See eee ome 47 46 AS hE BIRS S St A te = 3 ENR fits) Rane | 47 46 ( RERRASRUIE OIOONNE 6 NED, Rai Ad 47 45 Fibre cated test ie ees ce mee se eee 47 57 SORE Ah ES Boe ORIN 8 ihe | 47 45 ORE RRS AS RG Gas 5 29 U3? 5) 47 34 A ORES TREE Sei SR atte 8 Lal | 48 01 [i ON aces Rises... OU iraeeteR 357% 4747 tf SRR WARIS: SR RE GE 8 47 32 REI fie Shee ech atten ba: hte ae 47 33 EA RRS SES SRR RES RA SENTRA SOS Sy eS 7 45 TOA 2 SI EE REUNION A EINER NOSE 5 OES IESE, 8 47 42 CURA SRN NM DY ACES A, FP SEINE ASOT BAS | 48 00 Loh aa ee SE a ER ND nrc (RD ROE Neh a Shot 2, speared 163. Customs examination, 130 females and 35 males. We 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 126 3 | 6 5 1 10 6 RRR Seite Soe As atetaraateiaaiae 2 1 2M [BRE StS Se 7 8 Sf laeae eee 4 | 6 RAR Goo 2 iby 2 15 | 18 7 | 5 ates | 1 18 | 26 83 82 — ~ moo _ i oO el et oro) SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 85 Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895— Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER STELLA ERLAND (BERING SEA), B B. WHITNEY, MASTER. Date. Latitude.| Tose Males. | Females. |} Total. 1895. Nic. |} Ww. J XIN Ae Ae ae SB a OS ACE Coa a ae Aa ee eee 54 28) 166 19 29 43 72 0 See ac ese IO ORG SIE ae ee ee 54 32 | 166 34 1 6 7 Btn 5 a Si 3 Aes En REO ERS 7 ge a h4 29! 166 29 ih 2 2 Ai: San error ee id wee Rare oe 5417) 167 55 BiG oe ae Dy fie ak los © 5 ee a ele eee: a Sa eae 54.12 168 32 ile Pesan Ss 3 She ee ee eee ene LEE ET IRAE IR BE APD, 54 03 TGS EOS soe eae | 1 i Oe eR In OT REN So et Vane A 54 56 168 03 | 1} 3 a # Gee sts aio Se Bonen Ret ne ae Bee a el ee 54 56] 168 05 | 13 | 44 | 57 jel dsl 2 oat apse See 1 i ot cane | 54 87 167 30 16 47 63: PIMP Se Att am Ae Se eT ae See eels eee 54 21 167 11 20 | 17. 37 TBE SY cote ee Lend iy Ser hy ein ee, Stan 55 04] 166 54 | 5 aT 62: | eS ARO BBOH SAE SSS Sea SEEDER TEE PE ees 54 56 167 27 12 19. 31 T QE RS = Ne 2 Lie See ee aie OE 2 55 14] 167 32 | 5 18 23: PAUSE Oar ig Se eee: SL a eee 55 10 167 51) 9 26 35. PAS Rea Reeser eS Sten 4 Att tole 2 ee a Ba | Ce | 55 03) 168) 14 | 8 | 12 20 Ds Saha ictch ah cncretere oe eyo eee aie ee eaiseictate POD ID ABI 2ONl sc. c sees | 12 | 12 DEE San Ne brit eis, At i EL Beeaaas) Ser ee eee 54 26] 166 17 | ie) 16 | 23 ie ae ee eats ae ee ee) Oe ee eee 54 33 167 17 | 12 | 33, | 3b 71 (Ce SO era ee «Ae |S SEM Ue ane > Sanaa 54 38 | 165 46 | 8) 15 23 Oe eee epee, | Ties 1 2 ees Va) Ree | 54 41 165 56 18 47 5» Sento eacn tee eee sell ake an ee se er ee cer ete | 55 00 168 37 Vasos eet 1 ees ee Res 38k Tey SRS RRR en ei 2G 55 13 172 6U 3 | 4} (3 OEE Sees 2 mega ee conan coe one: 55 49} 172 23 6 | 28 | 34 POL BR oF seid hana ons cetshhnie ceueoe sane eet the 55 50+} 172-15 2 4 | 6 11 5 SRA ae RRS Ria), ch Vs ana 5b) O50) 169 O24-..-. 25) 3 | 3 i) tate eee a eee a a ea So LE 7 an BoroG | dGbv skies oes 2 2 AV) aise Se ae Be NUP On. Ly 54 31 | © 165 32 | 20 | 24 | 44 UOC Alemats soe caine cet eise stig es Ses ee ee eee Cece aera | 203 | 473 | 676. AMERICAN SCHOONER PURITAN (NORTHWESY COAST), IDIS WOODWARD, MASTER. | Date. Males. Females.) Total. a woe ee == | = Between March 8 and March 25, 1895....... WYENE Serre te sn oe 2) 2 | 4 BetweentMarch:25;and April 30; 18952: ..<<-) BR BER Trae INS eee re eee ce eee ee 4% 44; 125 12 | 6 8 14 Bla aat 2 yaa R SB SRE OGRE R OE Ee cine Seana 47 49/| 126 26 4 3 | i DEN ae ere reser an reading yc Fe ialede 47 43 | 125 34 8 | 6) 14 0 (Se CRS Ha aR ee mee a Shah e AT 4sh | Rai oe 8 | 10 | 18 SS —— | TG able atioae sic eS sae Stearn ees Al Gs eee eee lor cee aeiae 41 46 a8t a@ Shot 2, speared 85, Customs examination, 64 females and 23 males. 86 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895— Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER AUGUST Craw COAST), CHARLES WEIBERHARD, ASTER. Date. | Males. | Females. | Total. pare, \y Ler ten ae nese oe Be Pan a, ee pees | Between March 8’and March) 25,1895. ...2.... .5..2.- © 61a) o(mintelefe = =imimi= sie im l= p48) 309 127 00 8 | 19 27 sen ao Oba SA nee SSR Se Bo Se sASoDEH son So cSeEOn= eS Opus Ro TeLO Ne siemerec 2 2 E cin biciealstejsisle/isjaieisa(=/n alee olaiul= © x o\Je/Siste, e(gicte=ic/=i=i=i='=1= 48 46) 126 30 4 5 9 EP lelelatatajofatayeteteleiala te tepetelele)aletetal=lele sie efatee af=tmielm =i= in.) 48 30 126 40 7 11 18 D Safe eacme sae Breast dac eee s eine Memismian(cececiac|s 40, 30 126 30 12 21 33 Bete lain alae inininyersioeiole elaleteia a siete mint = Clete )siaielelnls|=ie\n/el | 48 20 126 15 LS Pre afaleretareets 1 Beieie nesetel so alatate elntelale ale taralaintolel=t=) 455peCcbe -codneseacs 48 10 126 20 2 | 2 4 PA) Se ape DAA En OGnOonode aa00 4 JbuS oe apeS Sau paseeEc 48 15 126 15 16 21 37 ROWM cece n—ssacee aoe nO SN sont bo noson oo oubaaoo osScaes tos eadsouse de 76 104 a180 a Shot 8, speared 172. Customs examination, 145 females and 35 males. AMERICAN SCHOONER BERING SEA (BERING SEA), L. LARSEN, MASTER. AMERICAN SCHOONER DEEAHKS (NORTHWEST COAST), JOHN JAMES, MASTER. 1895 N. WwW | Mar ade eee ere he CLI, ehh see See tn 48 00] 125 00] 5. | 3 8 ND Ee a ed 2 ee RY aD wees Es oe Yo ae 47 56 125 12 4} 8 12 (RE eS See eae eee: ee ee 47 38 125 05 3: | 5 8 Tete ema ese key SUG. Ns 2 WU PL ORY 5 03 I Fy poe 125 16 4 | 5 9 5) Ok hae Pear ye i Bee 8s ee | 47 19 125 08 3-| 6 9 PAS Pe ees Sam Sra Min elem nets Mites Wetec ee eae che tal acctons (a) (a) | 8 10 18 Doe afatsiale ajeteleiaie wise sea lc See SMe heats gash Menon an Sie belatavalete (a) (a) | Dis | ooh tetercerete 2 (a) (a) | 10 | 6 16 To tanta Reaktor ae ts nr eyatae ereeeters Cm iale ait Ciara wall a: a'aidlarn gueeiele 39 | 43 b82 aNo position for these days. —«dbShot 9, speared 73. Customs examination, 62 females and 20 males. 88 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Positions where fur seals were taken in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895— Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER DEEAHKS (BERING SEA), BEN MARTINIUS, MASTER. = Date. Latitude. Lae Males. | Females.| Total. = = | 7 } 6 5 11 4 4 8 2 3 5 3 12 15 aa eeae 1 1 yi | Bsa u 6 | 17 23 11 60 7k 15 46 61 5 13 18 8 39 47 13 49 62 2 19 21 1 4 5 8 35 43 3 10 13 2 19 21 15 | 33 48 2 | 1 3 6 16 22 10 | 15 25 ye 8 9 8 | 20 28 6 | 8 14 sero te | 3 3 2) 9 11 Bacco 1 J 1 1 2 | 141 | 451 | 592 AMERICAN SCHOONER EMMETT FELITZ (NORTHWEST COAST), JAMES CLAPLANHOZ, MASTER. rt Pm he wt, Le eae F ay (7 ann = - a. ta Date. | Males. Females. Total. | Date. | Males. | Females. | Total. : ea = pei [abe YA 1895. | 1895 PM i i occ cercieiex is nes’ = BIN Bee Sears SAU DNS Ae ee mec eae eel Seer ene 1 1: Besos cehionass eaeeocee! 3 3 || D5 tas cme eee 1 1 2 (sO eRee Fees | 1 | 5 6 || Fy SRO NEae | 1 1 2 Wgacoess vs net = [Seance 3 | 3 || Bis sce sss ee Baeescee ii 7 (Sel Ric scope a CREE lOaeneooe 3 3 || — Mgr Teeny cktee os| 3 | 16 | 19 | Potd ven 9 40; @49 | | i a Shot 16, speared 33. AMERICAN SCHOONER IDLER (NORTHWEST COAST), L. A. LONSDALE, MASTER. - Pecheen ees hs aes eS A ee ee ee ss — : Date. Latitude.| yang: | Males.| Females.| Total. 1895. Wet AS se = CCRC MEE PSP DE) ee RG eT. ean eT ite ee 47 25) 125 00 1 1 2 MOD: COS tee open sec cace cs sesinr cate esssastenne seme. 48 05 125 40 4 4 8 LE Bed CSR OS ECC GHsoce 3c ar Cmaee cncusbosese 47 50 125 vO eae cose 1 1 De ae oda slautgialston cnle ote e Aeeee ts =e een a niosmae 47 50 | To, ONO) Ee es we- 1 1 NOE Socte delcc cones once hla sce ben ckoas cameos eee 47 50 A IPS UR RS eae ve 2 2 PMT PO Sons wos cctecnenosdte o eee oaks fsenacuse mes 48 00 a UM ees 1 1 YQ 1) le a a ee eee ee Ss, > OTS a 1 ae ap 48 20 Tees ll s/o aiatatare 3 3 BAe eee twa ase tice hee oo oe tee ae se Seccche | 3 Hide cmies ars ciacicrers Ott Cape Yerimo, 24° Sept... Ls.2--2 22-2 Cape Nagikinski, | 25 WNW. 15 miles. WSW. 25 miles. | Bn ie waste Off Cape Yerimo, 25 Wee e sins one sees Cape Nagikinski, | 6 WNW. 8 miles. SW. 20 miles. | Gere ccaeeccade Off Cape Yerimo, 16 Gees ecevtesees Cape Nagikinski, | 4 E. by N. 20 miles. SW. 30 miles. | Os cpetet pce eaters Off Cape Yerimo, 20 Ms Pee ofa aterae Cape Nagikinski, 4 E. 25 miles. ' SW. 25 miles. | SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 95 Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri- can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued. AMERICAN SCHOONER ALLIE J. ALGAR (JAPAN COAST), JONES, MASTER. l ; | Latitude. Tongt. Males. |! Females. Total. | NG E. 36 24 141 39 6 5 1l 37 00| 141 00 W |: see Renee 1 36 39; 142 13 50 17 67 36 24 141 59 12 4 16 36 33 142 18 10 5 | 15 37 «00 143 45 8 3 11 37 «09 143 25 af 3 4 37 47 142 14 CAME SS Oey Se 2 37 22] 141 41 20 8 28 37-26 142 18 5 7 12 38 57 T43) 535 12 8 20 39 14 142 48 14 4 18 Apr. 37 35 | 142 25 5 1 6 87 «50 VATE SSM ecccere< 1 uf 38 07 146 32 alee sso 1 at Oo 145 50 18 7 25 37 22 145 50 12 a 19 a ‘oo 147 07 5 2 a 39 05 146 15 1 4 5 39 14 146 35 49 19 68 39 «37 146 238 32 22 54 39 35 146 07 31 22 53 39 44 145 45 29 15 44 I a yai Scee Se en ee SRL CEL Fy SS oe 41 54| 144 30 4 2 6 41 49 143 55 3 1 4 41 28 142 56 39 13 52 41 29 142 28 51 11 62 Ay 21 142 00 2 4 6 42 00 141 40 | aisyereletereece 2 41 45 142 40 6 3 9 41 43 142 48 WV o.s\csen sciaiee 1 42 00 142 52 5 4 9 41 57| 142 49 | 37 15 52 42 10 142 40 15 11 26 41 39 142 50 19 11 20 By abe 146 39 9 3 12 42 23 146 40 39 9 48 43 27 146 36 | 37 ul 44 43 24 146 21 3 1 4 43 28 146 40 5 ul 6 43 00 146 59 3 1 4 43 37 147 00) Dell aretclsierecters 1 Giismecsce ceeciee enews Seem decane ce cits siemeiiocts 43 50 147 11) 9 5 14 Usciccinssnccee dee oce coher ob eas nee cee sae 43 53 147 14 23 3 26. BE ais cidaisjercincae eae cisccines atlas cise ae saateematisioe 44 00 147 20 6 3 9 NO: evince cs spe ctawie = coisa salee Sas e\e siaalsusieeeieeleics< 44 17 147 40 19 17 36 44 50 DD See ya 2 2 45 14 149 00 4 1 5 45 00 148 55 4 3 “Lf 44 05 148 40 9 4 13 44 40 147 45 20 3 23 49 09 arf eB} 1 eosccan] 1 43 35 156 25 NO eters ntetereiete 1 1 WY) 0) A et i en Oe, | Sm Ve Ae Sy | a 701 302 1, 003. 96 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. Miscellaneous data showing positions where fur seals were taken by Canadian and Ameri- can vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea in 1895—Continued. CANADIAN SCHOONER BOREALIS (NORTHWEST COAST), ROBBINS, MASTER. Date. \Latitude. ae | Males. | Females.| Total. s : ie, Pe ares aa! [we ae N Ww. 48 10| 125 30] 4 | 4 8 48 00| 125 40 4 | 6 10 48 20} 125 40 6 | 8 14 47 50| 125 10 3 10 13 47 45| 125 20! 2 6 8 48 00! 126 30 2 8 10 BB OOM e126 80 u| eee 5 5 AO MOO) D7) 49 lbs. sue! 8 8 58 10 139 00 | 6 | 3 9 BE oe ae 4 1 5 58 25| 139 40 | 4 4 58 30} 140 08 5 8 pee ca eae 21 31 58 44| 140 00 | 1 4 58 13 141 40 | 6 7 AS ii Al a A 4 6 58 17| 142 36 | 2 2 SReSO | 140 1dd | oe 1 Ne Ene eee | 4 4 58 45 | 143 50 | 17 29 eee Cee | 1 1 BS Se a | 96 187 CANADIAN SCHOONER BOREALIS (BERING SEA), ROBBINS, MASTER. [Record to August 9 only.] l 1895. | RI Rs ATE ice ee Manes TS er cf aa a SBLUS ees 56 20) 174 35... 4) 4 Mineo prea sin ees cn ee ine eee Case Pace | 56 3b) 173 15... 1 | 1 Sip Sa gry SRE UR. NS LAREN edt Oboe b teas |) 78: sale 2 | 2 | | | CANADIAN SCHOONER VERA (BERING SEA), SHIELDS, MASTER. [Record to August 12 only.] | | | 1895. J. aed alah AE | / TSR Ee een Sen: SR 2 OS SAE MEL eee Cede 54.18) 167 25 | ith Paes Ca 1 ZN a 6 Sa, EOL a NL Beka ee 54 51] 169 15 | 8 24 32 A erst Sh Ae OS Ve REY EE a, ee ry. 54 49} 169 10 | 3 | 5 8 eee Men ean ata, 3 Re ii 5 Mamie pie 54 45| 169 10 | 5 | 16 21 1 mee AR ‘ | , ei | ," i Rasy ive i i ee } ' : j j | far 4 ® ‘ ‘4 nN bh, ni \ q i 4g 7 vi : ae er Ske) 4 i aM rf ‘tha AS kJ UU en i Pas d. 4itos : ‘ vi.! ' : yi baat Ae ae ep | Ait) Liat i ; : Ms oie iy, ‘ : oe iw f ; : Nit ee ; eA ur if 7 j ; . y 4 ida iaQ7 sete TG i A Vel un set CG ee pee 4) ’ re, it as i ‘ ! } ( > Makin 4 i | q i : ‘ 4 : | i ‘ i & '¥ ‘ j ‘ hig : Ags | Pa af 1 ie pr AT ALG ne pet’ : 4 h j jeeqrt* bel u's uid at “1 iid 4 Ma ' f tj re uri i - : ‘ Wo peu Mant”) r , a hae } POSu re i“ Aine : , aw | / | wy yea A ét4 ls ¢ ; i ' d ar ‘ ' a ek | yn 4 ra ef ‘v rt i , mr ‘ } ; 69 ial ity 14 tito ai} i eo : Tw ‘ : eee 1 Ohi Py the Ue ive tne uers: PVA a Wie Pee i. Tai Pilaetl 4 teh : ear “ iat A ‘ ‘apn i hala ee ae Lory Witdk s : (Ni bata ‘hip ih NA ity yeaw tae ety i ghee. wie od, 1h Giteay Cat Hf th if srt ty ; t Dae ty WR oe ae WNL OUD. eae Ti ua, ass I 4A i , 4 i ey cid ri j fit, LAL ; ‘4a '4 Lr % . Ppa ane (4) ad ad wiht g DNA Re Si Bato Mere ah Cte Re A ay, ay valent sty iF uy ty (hes vy (Oe iia a hy ey Aobal i j MS ee MAS -y na a tesa ret ss a ai ay 7 is igh ‘bao : ; ‘ ~ ey a% Ja ‘, eR, W Aa eh id ‘Nie an ] y x BA ‘ 7 ' J yA oa : at U me" z : one hrveeh At ) / in 5, Rain 1 j F A avy biy hue ue - ude be f oe ava ie Psy par Amt hig wi ce anes 4 .) ps iad "ay fst , Y ~ D ‘3 OBSERVATIONS DURING A CRUISE ON THE SEAL- ING SCHOONER LOUIS OLSEN, AUGUST, 1894. By A. B. ALEXANDER. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. CoMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES, Washington, D. C., January 5, 1895. Str: In response to your request of the 3d instant for copies of the reports for 1892, 1893, and 1894 of Mr. Townsend on the seal rookeries of Alaska, and the report for 1894 of Mr. Alexander on pelagic sealing, I beg to state that no report on the condition of the seal rookeries in 1892 was made by Mr. Townsend, the subject having received the atten- tion of Mr. J. Stanley-Brown, a special agent of the Treasury Depart- ment. Mr. Townsend’s report for 1893 was transmitted to the Secretary of the Treasury on February 26, 1894, and a second copy, as also Mr, Townsend’s preliminary report covering the work of 1894, to the Assist- ant Secretary, Mr. Hamlin, on December 4 and 5, 1894. Herewith I have the honor to forward copy of the report of Mr. Alexander cover- ing his observations during the summer of 1894 on pelagic sealing. Very respectfully, HERBERT A. GILL, Acting Commissioner. Hon. O. S. HAMLIN, Acting Secretary of the Treasury. CRUISE OF THE LOUIS OLSEN IN BERING SEA. On May 28, 1894, I left Seattle, Wash., in the City of Topeka for Sitka, and trom there took passage in the Crescent City for Unalaska. Soon after arriving at the latter place I joined the Albatross and remained by her until the evening of the 29th of July, when I joined the pelagic sealing schooner Louis Olsen; of Astoria, Oreg., Captain Guillams, master, who very willingly gave me passage for the purpose of making observations on the seals taken by him during the open season in Bering Sea. The next day, in latitude 54° 38’ north, longitude 167° 04’ west, we saw our first seals, 20 in number, 12 of which were “sleepers.” In the afternoon we saw 6 seals about a half mile from the vessel playing in a bunch of seaweed. The sea at the time was perfectly smooth, with a light air stirring. Two hunters and myself started out in a boat to 113 S. Doc. 137, pt. 2——8 114 SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. watch them and see how near we could approach without disturbing them. We soon learned that they were unusually tame, as we ap- proached near enough to touch one with a spear pole. They showed little signs of fear notwithstanding that we were within 30 feet of them for fully five minutes. Diving under the seaweed and suddenly thrust- ing their heads up through it seemed to afford them great pleasure. They paid but little attention to us and seemed almost indifferent as to how near we approached, so long as we did so quietly.” This caused the hunters to exclaim several times, “If we only had a gun we could kill them all.” Under the circumstances it was but natural that the thought of a gun should be uppermost in their minds. Early in the spring, both on the Northwest coast and off the coast of Japan, seals are sometimes found which evince little signs of fear, but after one day’s shooting on the ground they become very wild and mistrustful, and, like @ crow and some land animals, seem to scent a gun in the air. The following day, July 31, seals were plentiful. The wind being light during the previous night, our position had changed but little. On August 1, at a very early hour, the spears were brought forth and the seal on them broken. While this was going on many remarks were made in regard to the first day’s trial. Some of the hunters were already discouraged, and were confident that they were only wasting time by attempting to use spears. The thought of being obliged to adopt the primitive weapon of the indian was indeed humiliating to them. A few on board felt more hopeful and were willing to give the spear a fair trial. Ever since leaving Unalaska the hunters had been practicing at throwing the spear pole. Every piece of floating seaweed or other object which came within range had been a target. On several occasions the boats had been lowered and a supply of chips and small pieces of wood taken along. These were thrown ahead of the boat as targets to throw at. It was soon found that an object that could be readily hit at a distance of 25 or 50 feet from the vessel was not so easily reached from a boat, as the smallest wave would cause the latter to move just enough to make the pole go wide of its mark. inn =piniace 54 28 | 167 08 36 6 42 WEES eIS Gin BOCES CEE 54 41 167 51 26 19 45 tee tan nade mialele cals ataiemataietels 54 43 167 00 7 6 13 De» BERRA O CeO pe naar aae 54 37 167 20 | 8 8 16 [ee raine Be pattie a Or AGAR E BO oa Ee Menor 54 42 167 43 14 6 20 UI SS Ae SE I BI le re tecy tise 54 58 167 31 | 18 55 73 SR Ed ea lon dawnlw hom Stace mer teimiae 55 10 167 40 29 60 89 Te ge eras ate o pamtnes Os biie ere oe ee tcarn wet eral eae 55 02 167 48 6 9 15 NA ee Rei Sok cone ante wsisiee se soe ee meee ae a9 «(03 167 45 14 16 30 Dp ten eek mista e aceite era aie ata tele 55 08 167 40 | 48 51 99 rEg AIRE SME CREE S EA aR ALD 8 OS ANY) | ta GO Pee Sr (a) (a) 12 1 SER sei Se Or CES Re aor ee sy Ieric 55 15 168 30 38 47 85 Aig aoe eee ass Aa el 55 21| 168 32 1 1 2 Gene aie teint isto cian Se nist ae niete She aati niece oie 54 56 168 00 | 2 2 4 D., 1 pean SOULS SOS Se Baa Aa Ae eta Pe 55 15 168 15 44 67 111 Paes ie eee ae Sl ne eee sa ece Set anmpetale 55 28 168 05 26 43 69 72?) Be A ae OSE Se eC nt EERO BEE AD OmaT orc 55 06 168 38 20 24 44 OES ASR Oe Re pabo cohie Doo SOOM OR SEES One 55 (26 168 30 | 10 11 21 26 o-oo ee nn ne wee eee eee e ewes eee e eee e ence Bo. 5) | 171 55 | 74 83 157 ee teeta sine s «eels ere cae erie a eae aiseiele 55 08 171 45 | 68 78 146 DR ee Sicicuinkemiembinssncmecraa aaah eaeae nance 55 (06 170 43 28 29 57 Berscniean Aaron eee ements acces celts ncinate 55 02 170 10 | 5 6 11 LCyite IE aadeeaes Getocbup GaatcOan asana ap S5OCRS 55 28 | 170 26 191 145 336 Od ise 8 ECR A MEE. SES OD nats «DOSES CIS ORnIRC ep 55 25 | 170 50 6 | 4 10 BiG cciciewictne cum siceaavisatcises 2 oaseiteles aiajec nian 56 32 | 172 50 7 3 10 Fee ae a a ae CARN NOE oy TERE 55 51 171 56 4 | 5 9 UU See et Sane SEA rIaO eS SEU SE ped SeP Oa See mcrin e * 55 55 | 171 45 | 5 12 17 1S AAS Arti Sa Se a a eee SORT 55 18 170 06 16 | 8 24 DD) PERS sooo dab cee bmesen as ke seems stem eilen 54.36 167 33 5 5 10 LUT [eR aoe NEC DOO pCCO AROSE Smee accee | boarooans full aga aeeeC eee 756 809 1, 577 aOn August 15 a canoe went astray, but afterwards returned, bringing in 12 skins, of which the sexes were not determined. Record of the catch of fur seals and of the number of each sex taken daily by the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd during a cruise in Bering Sea in August and September, 1895, as determined by A. B,. Alexander. | | Date. | Males. | Females.| Total. Date Males. | Females.| Total. 34 8 42 || Aug. 22 32 44 26 19 45 11 21 6 | 7 13 95 oT. 8 | 8 | 16 78 146 13 7 20 43 | 57 18 bp) 73 Z 6 | 11 10 79 89 || Sept. 216 | 336 3 12 | 15 4 | 10 14 16 30 3 | 10 31 68 99 5 | 9 (a) | (a) 12 12 17 28 57 85 8 | 24 et 1 2 || 6 10 2 2 | 4 ——_— —— 44 67 111 || 982 | 1,577 12 57 69 || | j aOn August 15 twelve skins were taken, of which the sexes were not determined. SEAL LIFE ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 145 Approximate ages of the seals and the number of nursing females taken during the cruise of the sealing schooner Dora Siewerd in Bering Sea in August and September, 1895, based upon examinations made by A. B. Alexander. Aug. Sept. | Males. Number | | taken. | Age. Years. | 3 | 5 21 3 10 | 2 | 18 3 | | 8 | 2 6| 38t0d 5 4 3 | 5 12 | 4 aby 5 1 6 8 | 4 9 3 10 | 3 to 5 2 | 4 1g} D 12 3 2 4 27 5 4 4 20 4 8 5 1 3 2 4 35 4 9 5 5 4) 4 3 3 2 12 4 10 | 5 50 4to5 | 12 3 65 3 to 4 3 4to5 14 3 to 5 6 3 to 5 119 | 3 to 4 1 5 6 4to5 5 4to5 2 1 4 2to3 5 2to4 14 2 to 3 2 4to5 3 3 1 5 Females. | Number ae A ire pmreeaees Number | aR not exam- | Age.a | females. | ined. Years. | ad. | GB). eet eae VAN Ec lS aac alee ae: AW lessee oe | Di cise otaeteme |Seaaeie wate ad. Gilsssseee cee 2) ne else seal Mase we ssee ad. feeb Socnoce 2's evaratr ete = fete fete tata} arene ad. Giese et dices ss Meir an re a are ad, |) ° Bodh ee Pal Re re Geese ad. | Opies nce Biel eta ors aaere HSoceernasad ad | IG | eeneseee vue sea Meas Ba luc conene Pty eee etn Samenaoebe OLS eta ae HaWrctacios see ad 35: lexis acts cise x Sao). dbs scecore ad. PA eebreqeces- | ad. G2 ess acs (oer heeenoe OOO) |e non mimi ame Jonna eeceeee- Sept. Hin | eseshe MN a oc acer 45 47 SW. 1 GO cin eae wcyein eee amine eee UC EIS 46 47 Var te rae 3 SE Sas een 5 [a eaeaia setae a? 0 eee et 46 47 Var 1 30.58 | 5d 29 | 170 26 2a ee gee coe 49 47 Var Le cee a ealizeins ss cect [oeeeeeeteeee ESTO Vaan Raeece 45 47 | Var 1 Usa | ecmer ee oe fece sue oe gr Ab See epee 45 47 NW iS. pee |S oeic nae ea poee oes eae (J Oi LeeLee) mre ei Flam mee) Pre ee IA RSD ONISE Sih oe j BONBON So cy aie S| ee eee ee MES ele Tits tore ec whe a 45 47| NE. by N. 3 SO /60M we oo. caste ee cee eee ULE Bee ge SS 47 47 NE. by N. esos seer ARE re se AR deena ese ANN oe eta 46 47 NE. by N. 4 30. 60 55 25 | 170 50. PA vay 1 ers ae oe 45 47 NE. PN poe ARs nee ead Sacer ceca: PRU ae Sete: 45 47 | NE 4 SURG eRe se eee VO OIL eres 44 47 | NE ey ea OS aaeh as ere [coe ht ee Sout ee en eee eae ee Rae tatm.a (SHE) to tae BO AO hatte mamta | teeter rete 3) PIE ess sex 45 47 | NE 5 Sie (UM ES Seeee pte ese soe.=2 US Cy ee tea ee 45 47 NE. by E Di | ean Sheen eo) s see cone See ee ene eee LZ enacts 46 47 NE 5 30. 40 55 29 170 36 ks = cease 46 47 NE. by E. Gil ct et cc atl eee cc ote Ge ee sae omens Ze gegopere 45 47 NE. by E 6 BOO cect ters [See boseacc Gp. te. sae 3s 45 47 NE. by E (Oa eee aes | ae cmenceione |i ccsec cane CDOS oe Seer el miaeisa bans sioee NE. by E 6 URE eee ae classe sooscc 7 Cal tse eerie 45 46 E. 7 80520) ond cc~ 5 seh eeae -tomieeters UE ab nba se 45 46 ENE. 8) /t.2.88 52. slecee ose mee ee eee UPA BAERS eee 46 47 ENE. 8 30.15 55 55 170 50 peer e seca 46 47 ENE. Bo ascents: oe ecleonc oe soes Seem eeeeeeme apes anes 46 47 ENE. 8 80, Te |. 335 eee ee (hea BR Sasa 46 47 ENE. Bo eclba ee rclice scence eee eas ets Uy Ua ERR ORE kas Mice aap Ooc ENE. 8 802.12 |... 0 cccceaeeee oer een SAIC REY RES Beesea. a oS ae ry Ls 2 ; s aly aby x: oe ‘«£ Lf fe q 7 F 2 ae ‘VaS ONIYSS ‘LNIVd “3 JINNY YSNOOHOS ONIIVAS NVIGYNVO — = ' cs = m4 a ear en eS re Bene me © eh. p “UP wt : 1 y @ ae) bs i‘« Bite a + b> ein y , wy. a . fete <* i ~ a ot | 7 a ye Pi * oP i, al a vy. = ‘6 es aa ie Sa Rs . ue a oe Aci a ie coe - a, ae ae ee | | | | | | VaS ONIYSG ‘SSONVO HLIM ‘VISGWN1090 YSNOOHOS DNITWAS NVOINSWV ST cE RR OR te _ LE CER SEE ENE TE io ae CERT SO, vealed Ss ediinamaasiiathaaiien Sa ie PORTION OF INDIAN CREW OF CANADIAN SEALING SCHOONER FAVORITE, 1894. ‘VINOLOIA LY GAYOLS SLVOE DONITVaS (puno.1sa10j UL TOyALOYL,) ‘VMSVIVNO LV G3HOV3E GNV ‘9881 NI LNSWNYSAOD SALVLS GSLINN Ad VAS DNINSA NI G3ZISS SYHSNOOHOS DNITV3S seo “VASVIVNN LV GSHOVAE GNV LNAWNYSAOD SALVLS GSLINN Ad VAS ONIYSE NI GaZISS “NOLNYOHL YANOOHOS ONITVAS NVIGVNVO , INDEX TO: PARSE Page Ino KOwscnooner lOg. entries OL 2-2... oso neces see oe ee ee ee 67 AVpaimosa Steamer, wOrksOle. oo. o-oo eb ce we cheese oe 3, 10, 13, 16, 19, 28, 41 LNG ERI NTG ETO VANS, TB pe a a 19, 22, 23, 26, 118, 123 Allie meAlcar schooner; log entries of _._......---.1. 2222.2 532225--225- 59, 73, 90, 95 iToumeschooner, loo» entmes Of -2.205..)8. soe ee ado ae eee 76,77 Annie: Moore, schooner; lom entries of... ..--..~2..2-222---2--222-"55 65 PIO ESCUOONE!, JOSZEMbres Olow 62. 22 be ec eee ed ee eee eee 61 AMCushesenooner, lostentries|\Of..-....---- -.i-cl ise coce eee eens eae oee 86 Aiporayscuooner, lopyentries: Of ..... 2... oe oe eee eo se ane eae eee 64 Bachelors wCOUNtINO OMe sss sei ecko oa ne ee noc eee 108, 104, 105, 106, 107 Gitlivan OBO ieee ce 228 oo bee ee ek cee tee de ee COD OLS aA proporioumkulled’ #2222 Fl. ke). eee ee es 104, 105, 106 Rei CCLC Cee a 22 2 as Sees Saeko LO seo: see eee 105, 106 ReTurnedehowiawlinevorouUnG. 25225522508. 5. 522 e oe ae eee 104, 105 Bentnicarschooner slopientMes Of. 20.2.2 22a acca w one See a eee 64 Bering Sea, schooner, log entries of____.______-- fey bie sae Ca gr 87 Sealingmmewe ns Ss klk ee 8, 13, 16, 18, 20, 21, 31, 39, 113, 123, 127 weatherconditions _..........-...< 8,17, 18, 48, 49, 50, 115, 125, 126, 138 Bonanzad.Schoonermor centres Of... . 2 os eee ns coe cee ceeeeee 78,79 Borealis, schooner losientriesiof .......--------2=-s1-5.-. 42102-2223 24e 66, 96 Bbowherdsschooner.moomentriesiOf, |... 2 een ee acco se. a Be ee eee 79 Breeding females, percentage on rookeries ____-__-..---------------------- 34 [AULA T OVENE (ONC ee Seen en a Trae na ies IR a oop mene BP ge enemy Oe el oe 34, 36 STOUNISASMmIMKACE Obs. kc obs ees Soa oe eae See 30, 108 TACs eee re de eh ee 30 PEO At VAO Me ey oo ke apscaho a eect ee cee chee eee 36, 39, 42 PETES em valinlitny nO Lees eee OS ol eee al el eee ee Toe 109 CarcasscsMexammimablOnOheuoe.. 4... .-- -.-- -saeb eee sce scec eases 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 134 LO uA) O70) 1 pee es kee I ot ee ee 133 CaicnmeAamoniGams--. eee ees ee be See Jer rae 17, 24, 26, 39 SOD rae ere ne A cea © A ee 46 Canadian __.__ penne ie. SOY fee OE eee 17, 24, 25, 39, 40 SO See a re ol SN a ok te 56 Tot as (ee Boe ty, «Ss ee eee Od ARE as Sale Sp SN 46,47 ec. erking, schooner. Jog entries of ..........--...-2-1.----22-.-MBos22 86 Golambia.schooner, log entries of _._./......_.----.-.--.2.- ey SAS 20 ae 59, 83. Wonmmandermlslandsees sasen nse bs Coe ee ee oe ee 28 OGM ITIMESTGAlT Green ney a ee ee eee 4, 22,116 DrremisieomMlnnOnivreee es ee cle ee 38 Dead pups, counting of.__._._.._____-- Ge teers a aa 13, 14, 37, 100 Rod Sc epenmeene mere eet hes uh fe ew Le eo a Se 23, 38 Wecreasemcatsctotmmeene ne et ee ee ee 109, 110 memedies forss.22 2... ---.- od Ss Fd OOS CE rer a 110 erabwe schooner, lomenimes Of. _.......--=.-------------vaseeeee eee 57, 87, 88 Mincoiored water, sealme an... °.. 2. s------. -- = deen ac eee 128, 130, 132, 135 Dorapsiewerd. schooner, catch of .........-..---- +. --s-saceeoics eee 144 Gnmise OTe 895" yao.) se Bey it a AS hae 123 : losyentries Of. . 25) - 252335 oe ee eee 93, 94 physical observations. .22_-_2----=. 146, 147, 148, 149. 150 Edward E. Webster, schooner, log entries of ._......-.-.--.-.---------- 72, 75, 76 Hila oumron schooner. lop entries of... .._...-.-.-.-25. .25-cne co eeee es 57 Mistocctmmnon Gs vengricsiof.... 2. ee we eo ee 86 152 INDEX TO PART IL. Page Emma and duouisa. schooner; losventries of 2.— © oa eee 78 Hmmethdelioz. schooner, log/entries, Of 2 > =. Se a ee 88 Enterprise, schooner, log entries of ____--...-. waar ee Semis Ges eee ee 96 Mavorite.schoonerlOS CnLries.Ol.0 2 (2s 2 fe ee eee 53, 65, 93 Hawi» schooner, loosen tries: OF. 22.5 ae ee Le ee ee 62 Feeding eroniiids: Chamneime i. oe. eee es. Se oe oe eee aoen eee bailialfede\qi(eb-4 Rete Qty Ov Mean ae RreR Pay Ny Pal Sires = as eee cee, os 2 ee 66 Hondoniormiersd: depositions Ol. _ -. 2 ee ee ae 18 Monts, Olsens BGHOOner 2622 09s 2 J ee Ae ee ee 19, 22 log -entries’ofs 2V 25 Ms se A Oe ee eee 60, 73 GrUiseE:0f; SOAs Ys eS ee 2 hs ee ee 113 Japan Cruise Of 22 - eee eee ee See ee 120 Maps Beal GistmibmtnOnes fo4 ee ts ek OL Sr re ee eee 17,39 OProokeries. 00s) ts ee eee 8,10, 15, 27, 30, 33, 108 WMAny ellen), schooner lOm entries OL. 0-2 tea eee ee 50, 51, 52, 53, 62 Mascot, schooner, log entr 168 Of 22 ee ee ea ee 64, 65 Matilda, schoonerslop entres(ofe 25.2. 2-2 1 ee ee ee ee ee 86 Mattie T. Dyer, schooner, log entries of __.____.__- Se Se en See ee TiC) Maud 8. ie schooner, -lOMVENtTIeR Ol se: $2 See ee eee 97 IVETE: SIM aia et A i le IE Le int ee 4,5, 9,10, 11, 18, 15, 27, 33 Minnie, ee log entries Of 2. 3 4.95 eee ee ee ee 69 M. M. Morrill, schooner, lop entries Of =: 2224s CSc See ee eee 91 Modus vivendi.............._...- BS ty, SO oily ler A a seep peien 1 | 17, 40 Northwest Coastt ue soos Se icy hk pee eee ee 35, 39 Olesewhaler; lopventries}0f 2.62 Se ee ee ee ee 97 Pacitic Ocean. sealitig a0 eos ek ee 13, 17,18 Pans: ‘Cribunals awardiols2. soo. ceo ke ee ee ee ee 13, 17, 21 'Pelasiesealings 1894-022 = es I Lee te nas ei i a es 3 NOOR te a se ee 27 methods OF 2 i. 2 loc) eee oe eee 21,124 ING UITIER: se coed os Whe Se Pe ee eee 11, 16, 19, 38, 39, 113, 123 Japan: Coast... <2 2 18 Russian-coaste oo. oa ee 29 photographs: of 02 ee ee 45 Photographic stations.- <= <2) °. 2.4) SB eee Ee eee 3, 10, 27, 108 marking of..2.....2 1.1 ee: ee ee ee 4,14, 29 Pap. seal; albino... nce ee eee eee 15 INDEX TO PART IL. 153 Pace LP ugiray eels, Move eas ote oe eI i ee ae nett Os os eee ere LS Ere SL | Pugh 28 IGS GC es Seema --5, 13, 14, 16, 30, 36, 37, 38, 99, 100, 110 TAU SIAT PCO Lee ae Skee ee 2 ee 2: Oe ye Re ae a ee 14, 15, 110 Svan ow OL! st. Leese en es Nae a eee ee eee ees D SRO) rene Sa pe eee ene Wiles oO Ml sd Se 36 SLATE OR ODS. oc a ott ee eek ileal alspaye ue Batiianescnooner wore entries Of: .. 2.6. Lt hc2c theese k eee ee eee Hauler aschoonermooentries OL2. 4.022. ke Sb Soe e tee eee eee 81, o7 ECR UMIMeMONMONSmere 2. Sate |e we tee ee Ee Ba eee ee ae 38 R. Ecrett, schooner, log entries of_.._._._______-- 5 SR tee at ie ae eee 89 Rookery, Thee 1 Ge Oy SPREE ee aie = 3, 5, 6, 12, 32, 35, 101 IROIAVANIAGE ees see eee coe Sic te hee a eee ee ee ee eee 5, 6, 12,31 Pthlemeolaving ses. 2s. 2 2 ae oe he ee Spe eee en 5, 6, 12. 31 Upper Zapadnie____- py SoRts! iit Ss A Pld Artanis Seca Meets Yay Ua ofS WAS 6, 12, 38 MOWersapaaniCises 22. 8220 (a2 fae Ue oe Fee eee eee 6, 32 VCC ieee Neen So aes ter US ee at Jee » niarererei ee Seen ey. are 4,5, 6, 12, 32, 35 WO OON =a Hee oe fe ae es ey oe 2 ee eee 6, 12, 32, 35, 101 PROVSEOI Stee «ene ae a AS ee eee kee eee 5, 6, 12, 32, 35, 101 SeamlerOnel OC km est A es i et) Re ei ee 5,6 INOrTbneAStIPOINGE 6. Sa22y oe ee ee Se ee ee ne eee 5, 12,31 WiXDAANICy s\teees ot Se 8 Beet oe oe hte FSI ET ks eee 4,7, 12, 33 1 BYG eee = shae e Mee eat AD pe aT 28) ep A ted oy ot! 2 4, 6, 12, 33 Whittle MaStwi ees nen se a ee ee ee eee 4,7, 12, 33 INOrt nh sees Se Bee Se Ee as Mt Leis as Valeria ls tate, 3 4,7, 12, 33 Starry -Antbeelama.e2 os 8 2). 6 sat ee Bee See ee sees Sisal lralkannonpewasen =. ons i ee i a ere 2S Pos Oyte nap SLOUNCS aan CONTNON TOL 9.2. |= Ss a ae eee ee 107, 108 IRDURCRICSMANCAPOL eee eet ef oh 2s fs eee ee ee eee eee 102 CONGIpOMOPS9S =! 2 32 22 555 cu 5S. te ee eee ee 3,9, 7 HIS OAs eee Ao eS Je Se ee 10, 11,138 HSQ0R se see) F215. SA ee eee 27, 30, 99 reakimewanarteote. -.-: ... 2.2 .50eeh tecta e eeee 30 Ghanveshinmess= 2 sb 28.25 l4 22) 0 1 2c ea eee ee eee 30 Commanderdslands 25: 52221222: 252 ee ee ee eee 28 Dhotoonaphsvor S03 ss 22. = N22 ee eee 1 yb bah nee 9 1M). See a CORE Bey nN Ar sear Ee ioe ME A 15, 46, 108 BOD Ate: oo os hee ER Oe ee ee 27, 30, 33, 108 DIOLCGMON Ole s2.2 es sd os. ea eee ee oe if TeEStOraAnMOn Ole: = 5 22... 2 se ee cee ee eee ee 36 Hosie Olsen schooner los entries Of-. 25-2222) 5 0 at ee ee eee 60, 61 ose) Sparkssschooner, log entries of... ....--2--22.-<5-s24ss9522 sees eee 60 UIST Ane SealMNerGme ees ee ie RL ee ee ere 28, 29, 39, 40 SANT OsGhOOMer sl OS NeNtres OLS. 22 ye ee oe 50 San Jose, schooner, log ‘entries Obese oo oo yt ie ee Pes ee a Sapphire csengener, log entries Of... -- 2.2.2.5) 420.45) Sel eae eae 65,93 Saucy Lass, schooner, log entries of -__._...---.---_-------- JVs Be he eee ne ae 66 SeawecgMscalsiamong 24000 22 eee ee ee i) Seat NG see RS 114, 124 Seal catch, position Ge we gee ea Ee ipeeny e eaa 17,39 IIMS ECMON MOL: aoe ae wie ena ee ee eee eee 19, 40, 41, 141, 142 HAGeMSTOnM AON Ob. 26. see oe. son7 xe Skate ee ete ee 28 Boece irmiecrion: Ole. io iN oc ol ee ee ee ae ee 17,39 GUIS UITDUUIOM Ol eee Ne oe Led eee eg eee ere Lia ie ee 7,19, 39 ReMmateOmAMCTGASes 5205 oe ce ek old ee! Se ee "36,37 Sete ReORGH EM MEMGINDOI OL) sof So Se te ee ee 21, 124, 129 NOsStOfeec a8 ee ee ae ee te see ee 121, 122, 125, 180 data collected= - 2.2222) 2 = eR ER Mem ere EI Sey or een il hs Ne 50 PLOUNdSyexbentrOle see) e= eae eee ae ee eS ae ate, Vea ane a 39 wesselsexamination Of 2. <2 2 -=5-2 225 2 2 ee ee ee es eee 23 TUT ITUOC TOL se yes al to Sa a ee ee ee i ee 17, 21,389 lOP entries, Ob = 2.2. 25s 25 es ee ee eee ae 17 (3048, Lee Gt ee ee ee ee, Seem me ns eee ans Se 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 MECKERSC Oh ee meee ee neice Seniesa eh ee 4,7, 18, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 107 CUS: (0 A OS eee py enon MMP Tear A IN VO PEAY) ing Mc abe ees 116 ROAGIOSSINCSS Ole een otha See ee a eens Ee eae 116, 125, 126, 130 Peedih er CTOUNOS OL... 252m te doo aon ae ee ee ee eee 16, 22 food of___ 22, 23,39, 41, 42, 48, 44, 45, 116, 128, 129, 180, 132, 133, 134, 138, 143, 150 DELETING? 3 Se ae ree oenn ws Yer Lay cone eos Mere PRS LW) Te iriure AM STP ET a) 154 INDEX TO PART II. Page. ® Bente MAMIE ab BOR. So. <2 soe ae cee 8,19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 113, 114, 125, 180, 131 LayeH oN Wns (eoye Wels 010 karate y eke cits Mie ate pes ey le eel eta Sl Re EE ae A ed 41 MewlpMeandwvarOniOne see es nora ees. aoe a Se 110 SRO ARCHIE Enno. an cc ae seats moe ie Ne eee 38, 111 MROVOLMON Ol SEXCS e228 saan eo = sae eee one 18, 19, 39, 40, 41, 141, 142’ 145 MOSELCSSMER MOLE: sols ene SA ee so eee oo 2 sae a ee ee 117, "138, 134 BHOOUNION Oleg ae no A Ae ss Soe ee 2) eee ee 132 sletnned inl GANOCS: 6.2) .2- 9522-5 s eee 5 BAe ee 18, 41 IEA te ce 2s ed 80 ee Oe Os a ee 19, 115, 116, 125, 128, 136 TAIN GNGRS Ob: oe eee ee oe Se eS ee ce 114 Ace LIM Due ite Oe eee Oe es, Se SS oe ee ee 114, 128 SHAAN RANA BE Sa Ole set oe oa ere kine ee Se Se wo eee Oe 18 Shale SeMOOnGr, Lop ONGTIOS. OF... 22 205 oil... . ae eae eee 71 Sophia Suther land, SCHOONEer, LOC en tTIeSsiOL eee. - = 2. see ee 80, 81 Spear, description Dil ca ices re ee Cee een ee 21 PARER TREE e a Sot See ee ae = aaa oe ee | a a= 2 ee 8, 17, 18, 20, 21, 114, 134 PrRINEOIWNN. Gi eee e ok. eo reese a on - Sees See 3. 34, 118 PNINOMALO Die Et eo Oe See Yoo a ke ae ae eo OS 28 Stella Erland, schooner, log entries of. cc Sie. 2) ita eee 58, 84, 85 St. Paul Island, observations 31019) bol! 5 ee ee ag TA 3 FReASOn SCHOONOr. Lop Onbries OL... . 520 Ge eset cece: -— =e eee 85 PHereseechooner lop entries Of... So 22 seo scee eee... se eee eee 59, 82 Sownsenu, <2. E, ;Foport Of_...2......---------2-cs<- 3, 10, 27, 33, 99, 100, 102, 108, 113 rium, sebocdeasr, los entries of... 222 3 eae ek = - 5 -- Peo 5B, 63, 92 HILT UAN AVIS See he ee ae a ee ee eS er o7° 38, 99 Wimbrnatschooner, lor entries of... ./-- 2222 oss oe... | eee ee 55, 61, 72 Mmommre schooner log entries of ..) 2.2225: 92s sales... Bee eee 68 ars. nenoaricr, Lor entries Of .-_.... ==. -22os. bese oete eo .- eee e 62, 96 ‘Wictoria, schooner, logentries of | ..--- 200 24eo cso Usfon. 2- de ae essen ke 91, 92 Waltce A. warip. schooner, log entries Of-. 2-5-2255. 5)65.--- caccesuceroscs 61 Wiltem rokieh schooner: lor entries of 21 -6-55225cosece+ ~ Seen eee ae 69, 94 WieweherreLkectOnesealae:s*: 2. ko n5 en sae Se ee OR ok oo cs Deere See 117 Willard: Ainsworth; schooner, los entries:0£.-=--.-_.--.--+.---s5een-e- == 90 Nainchester schooner. loc’entries: Of. 2.22 Sona scre ae eGek a ee eee ane 80 ve 7 a “et wy: om ap a eee Magen i Mee Jk rm ae Ae = —¥ tle 4 : ee i} Ale! = Tin Os ‘a rie: ie _ ‘ Rewer VM AL G5 + is a ce os ) 49 5 7 ie geeick ae J mn ee na: Pa Pele tine, at BEM OM nN enh or)» ‘i 4 ue ee Sates OR OOF By » ah Lh ire eae Sr hi we 7 | Th way Nai Wael! / mneteg ine iy Se uk) M&S 7 j - ee? AT ey fyi “ut Ae 35 as Ne es |e Big op © oa ey ee) Sire ie ~ 4, 4 > a , ——_—_——<—— == —_ ; — * : 7 ‘. " es b - 7 @ _ | y ir ‘ | r F hay 7 ? * Pn J) ¥ iM. iy 7 rn Ve ‘ ~ ane PY ‘“