UC-NRLF b 3 3bo am CONSPICUOUS RATIONAL SERVICE J .CONSPICUOUS D^ATIONAL SERVICE ^T compliments of The People's Home Journal l| NEW YORK Y OF CALIFORNIA VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY ^A U\[otable ^Medal 7W LIB?.-'; o/ Rotable 'JftCerlal THE GOLD MEDAL shown on the opposite page was designed lor the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund as an emblem of special distinction, to he awarded for conspicuous service in the cause of wild life protection in America. Four of these medals were awarded, in 1918, to subscribers of The People's Home Journal for remarkable achieve- ment in the Journal's great national crusade for Bird Sanctuaries, conducted through the members of its Green Mead- ow Club, a home organization lor the study of Natural History and the exten- sion of Wild Life knowledge. The founders of the Permanent Wild Life Fund include many of the most prominent men and women of America. Their names are given on the following page. The Trustees of the Fund are: Dr. William T. Hornaday Managing Dr Clark Williams .7 tociate Trustee Edward Seymour A tat Trustee The Founders of the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund Mrs. Russell Sage George Eastman Mrs. Frederick Ferris Thompson Henry Ford William P. Clyde John D. Archbold Alexander Smith Cochran William H. Nichols Andrew Carnegie George F. Baker George D. Pratt Defender of Wild Life Miss Heloise Meyer Edward S. Harkness Max C. Fleischmann Mrs. J. S. Kennedy Emerson McMillin Frederick G. Bourne Mortimer L. Schiff Samuel Thorne Anthony R. Kuser John Dry den Kuser Frederic C. Walcott Frederick F. Brewster Mrs. William H. Bliss Mrs. R. T. Auchmuty Howard Melville Hanna Edmund C. Converse " In Memorium " Watson B. Dickerman New York Rochester, N. Y. Canandaigua, New York Detroit, Michigan New York New York New York New York New York New York New York Washington, D. C. Lenox, Massachusetts New York Cincinnati, Ohio New York New York New York New York New York Bernardsville, N. J. Bernardsville, N. J. New York New Haven, Conn. New York New York Cleveland, Ohio New York Boston, Massachusetts Mamaroneck, New York Some Prominent -JMedal Winners Mrs. Russell Sage, 3\(ew York Qity received the first medal awarded by the Fund " in recognition of her devoted work during ten years for the protection and in- crease of the birds of America and the wild life of the contin- ent at large." During her lifetime, Mrs. Sage was an ardent and conspicuous worker for the preservation of wild life in our country. Through her efforts and influence many legislative reforms were effected and the American people were better educated to the value and appreciation of wild life. Mr. Aldo Leopold, United States Forest Service, 3\(ew zJWexico was the second recipient of the distinguished medal. His active and helpful work in Arizona and New Mexico in forming or- ganizations of sportsmen for the protection and increase of wild life in these States, and in furthering the national game-sanc- tuary movement and the migrating-bird treaty with Canada was a service of the highest importance. Dr.T. C. Stephens, -JsUrningside C°Hege> Si°ux O0'> I°wa was awarded the medal in 191 7 for valuable services in restoring to Iowa the quail and pinnated grouse, and his leadership in re- deeming the good name of the State through the enactment of humane bird-protective laws. Drew W. Standrod, ]K.,cPocatello, Idaho received the fourth medal for distinguished legislative work in behalf of the sage grouse of Idaho, which resulted in establish- ing a long close season for those valuable birds. Mr. Standrod's influence and standing in his State have been for years devoted unsparingly to the cause of wild lite. HERBERT C. HOOVER DR. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY THORNTON W. BURGESS // rell-known Authorities Commend the Journal's Achievement Mr. HerbertC. Hoover, National Food Adminis- trator, in a personal letter to the Journal's editor, said: "I have noted with much satisfaction the good work your Journal is doing for the protection and encouragement of insectivorous and migratory birds. // should bring about impor- tant results for the welfare of the entire country in making the people realize how closely related to the whole question of food conservation is the matter of bird protection." Dr. William T. Hornaday, Director of the New- York Zoological Park and Managing Director oi Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund, writing to the editor of the Journal, said: "I am amazed and delighted at the success of your campaign for Bird Sanctuaries. The work that has been accomplished is positively thrilling and the results achieved far surpass my most sanguine ex- pectations. In this brief note it is impossible to speak adequately of the splendid achievement of The People's Home Jour- nal. The figures will appeal to the dullest or most envious mind." Mr. Thornton W. Burgess, nature lover and author of the Green Meadow Club stories, has been a constant and indefatigable friend of Bird Sanctuaries; his assistance is hereby gratefully acknowledged. Writing of the results of the Journal's efforts he said: "I am not only pleased but astonished at the remarkable success of the campaign and the far-reaching influence of your efforts. It is truly a showing of which we can all be proud.'' Hon' the Bird Sanctuary Crusade was Inaugurated and Promoted by The People's Home Journal \- LONG AGO as 1913, The People's Home ±± Journal inaugurated, through its editorial column-, the movement known as its "Little Gar- dens" Campaign. In official recognition of its work a- a pioneer in this held, United States Food Com- missioner Herbert C. Hoover, in September, 191 7, addressed a personal letter to the editor of the Journal, commending its vauable work. Immediately after the outbreak of the World W ar, in 1 9 14, the Journal, foreseeing a scarcity of food in Europe, inten-iried its efforts in connection with "Little Gardens," emphasizing the growing necessity for cultivating every spare loot of ground. On America's entrv into the war, the Journal's "Little Gardens" became merged with the national "W ar Gardens" crusade, an achievement in patri- otism of which America may justly be proud. I rom our "Little Gardens" movement emanated ccond enterprise, initiated by the Journal which later crystallized into a campaign for the conserva- tion of the insectivorous birds of America. The f '.:..;. Bird Sanctuary Crusade was instantly recognized by the Pood Administration as ol equal importance with, and a corollary to, the planting < A "Little ( rardens." Without adequate bird defense, how could the nation's increased crops he made -ate tor a hurujrv world? D - The People's Home Journal's appeal lor Bird Sanctuaries was made nation-wide through the members ot the Journal's dreen Meadow Club, in the various States, and capturing the sympathy and imagination ot a nation of practical idealist-, quickly spread the length and breadth of America. The boys and girl- of the Green Meadow Club are daily kindling new enthusiaMn tor Bird Sanctuaries. "A thought," says a brilliant writer, "can make us hotter than a lire." This new thought, "How can we save our birds :" is kindling a lire in the hearts ot the American people which needs only a little tanning to develop into a great patriotic riame tor all the world to see. GREEN MEADOW CLUB BIRD SANCTUARY Hunting on these premises forbidden under penalty of law. Any person molesting birds or nests on this property will be prosecuted. BIRDS ARE OUR BEST FRIENDS AS A RESULT OF THE JOURNAL S WORK, THIS SANCTUARY NOTICE IS NOW POSTED ON OVER ONE MILLION ACRES OF LAND IN FORTY->I\ sTATE> OF THE UNION AND IN CANADA. Impressive Facts ACCORDING to United States Department of Agri- ii culture statistics, the annual loss to the cotton crop of the United States through insects comes close to $60,000,000. Grasshoppers and other pests destroy yearly $53,000,000 worth of hay and Si 20,000,000 worth of cereal grains. The damage to growing fruits and vegetables runs into hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Whenever a vegetable raiser or fruit grower starts to compute the costs of his crops, he counts on 25 per cent, of his produces being eaten or impaired by the insects that forage on his property. All this frightful loss takes place in spite of the millions of dollars people spend yearly for insecticides with which they frantically trv to get rid of these enemies. Think of feeding nearly 53,000,000 worth of good food every day to mere insects — which is what the government fig- ures mean — when Polish people are perishing of hunger and Armenian babies have all but died oft for lack of food! Think of shooting or wounding a bird which at the very moment of its death may have its little inside crammed with bugs and larvae and noxious insects that were preparing to advance upon our garden beds ! "The chickadee," so the government tells us, "is 10 one of the faithful birds who do not begin spending their winters in Florida at the first touch of frost. They are tremendously industrious, one painstaking naturalist finding that four of them had eaten 105 female cankerworm moths in a few minutes." Me examined these moths with tweezers and microscope, and discovered that each con- tained an average of 185 eggs. A total of nearly 20,000 cankerworm moth eggs de- stroyed bv four birds in less time than it takes to walk down your garden path ! And what is true of the chickadee is true in varying degrees of the hundreds of bird species that call for human sympathy and protection. It is for this reason that in many states in the Union, strict laws to protect insect-eating birds have been enacted by the legis- latures; and it is beginning to be seen that great edu- cational campaigns like that of The People's Home Journal are needed to awaken popular thought to conserve the wild bird life of America in the interests of economic food production. Few persons realize how much insect food is daily consumed by birds. In the work of the BioWical Survev at Washington, the stomachs of many birds have been found to be so packed with insects that the pile when released was much larger than the size of the bird's stomach. 1 1 Why Bird Sanctuaries Are a Rational V\[eed By Zoe Beckley Old MAN JONES was a farmer, a supposedly prac- tical, up-to-date farmer, intelligent and upright, but like many other farmers, he wasn't quite as ad- vanced as a farmer of this very advanced age should be. Among other things, he didn't know quite as much about nature and the ways and values of nature's workers as he should have known, otherwise he might have been a richer, happier man. One spring he planted a lot of wheat — excellent wheat. In due time it came up — tall graceful stalks with bearded ears atop, waving gently in the sun and wind, under the broad blue sky. One fine morning, very early, before Jones was out, a rly came and lit upon a wheat stalk. He was small and blackish, with red lines on his back — a mere midge. His family and friends fol- lowed almost immediately, settling on neighboring stalks and making themselves at home. Nobody noticed them except a pair of little brown birds who looked down upon the midge family as they rlew swiftly over the field. The Sunday before, these feathered sentinels had made the mistake of stopping to eat a cankerworm and a caterpillar on I 2 a tree at the edge of the meadow — and narrowly escaped being killed with a shotgun. Jones had some farm help, it seems, who con- tinued their European fondness for small birds as a dainty dish. The little brown birds had had their lesson. And now they didn't stop to bother about the Hessian Fly. Six or eight days later, several million larva1 were hatched and passed down the wheat stems. They settled comfortably at the second joint, and ate — and ate — and ate ! Old man Jones, inspecting his wheat one afternoon, paused, stared, reached over to pluck a spear, frowned — and stared some more. The closer he looked, the more alarmed he became. Row after row of his splendid wheat was eaten through and broke off at his touch! Frenziedly he rushed through the grain fields and up toward his farmhouse. As he approached it, his telephone rang. " Hello — hello — this is Smith at the next farm ! Say — there's something chewing my wheat — half of one of my best fields is all going to pot — " " I was just about to call you up!" shouted Bill Jones into the transmitter. "Same with my crop! It's Hessian Flies, that's what it is — and our har- vest's ruined if we can't head 'em off! " Farmer Smith and Farmer Jones, and their neigh- bor, Farmer Robinson, and the hired men, and the local Board of Trade and the nearest Chamber of J3 Commerce held hurried conclaves as to what had best he done. They looked up the Hessian Fly. They got gallons of insecticides, and sprayed and sprayed. They cut down and burned the infected wheat to keep the pest from spreading. And at last they marketed one-tenth of their usual crop. This all took place many years ago in the States of Indiana and Ohio, when the fly ravaged the fields like a consuming fire. Before the scourge subsided, 2,500,000 acres of the finest wheat in that section was destroyed and the value of wheat lands dropped 40 per cent, in value. Nowadays such a calamity would not be likely to occur. The United States Department of Agri- culture has done, and is doing, wonderful work to educate the farmer regarding every sort of enemy pest. The People's Home Journal, through its Green Meadow Club, has influenced millions of families in large and small cities to protect and encourage bird life as a vital measure for the pro- tection of growing food. When Old Man Jones and his friends visited the Country Fair last fall, they felt the educational influ- ence of the Green Meadow Club. Brother Wright, H the pastor of their home church, busy as a politi- cian, was making speeches and passing small slips of paper among the men and women, explaining to them the value of birds as the natural enemies of food-destrovino- insects. " I want you," said Brother Wright, " to sign these pledges for Bird Sanctuaries, not because I am interested in the work ol the Green Meadow- Club but because it is a good thing." And before Jones and his friends had time to close their surprised mouths, or explain that thev didn't just " get " that there what-do-vou-call-it bird sane-something, Brother Wright began to shoot a fusillade of facts which proved him to be almost as well-informed a naturalist as he was a student of the Bible. He talked straight economy, not sentimentalism. He explained that if the farmers' land were kept as a sanctuary — place of safety, of refuge — for wild birds, and all farm shotguns used for bonfires, the chances of loss through insect pests would be reduced one- third. The farmhands miirht have to eat hshballs or corned-beef hash for breakfast instead of little birds, but the wheat and corn would be sturdier. *5 You have to talk facts to a farmer. "The government," you must tell him, "in a series of scientific experiments, examined the stom- achs of thousands of wild birds. In one wood- pecker were found thirty-four caterpillar grubs of the sort that ruin fruit trees. As bird heart-action and bird-temperature are almost twice as high as similar human functions, birds have to eat constantly to keep their calories up and their tiny physical engines going strong. Take the back of an old envelope and figure out the army of caterpillars one healthy woodpecker gets away with every day, at the rate of thirty-four every four or five hours! "One little cedar waxwing," you continue, not- ing that the farmers' mouths are now closed and their eyes and ears open, " was found to have de- voured a hundred cankerworms. A flicker ate 200 chinch bugs, a nighthawk 1,800 winged ants, a Marvland yellowthroat was comfortably digesting 3,500 plant lice. An ordinary Jenny Wren had gotten away with 102 ants. A scarlet tanager had consumed 630 gypsy-moth caterpillars. And so forth. And so forth." Brother Wright, finding this argument taking hold well, submitted the fact, not generally known, that in addition to their insect-dinners, many com- mon wild birds are enormous consumers ol noxious weed seeds. A snow bunting was found to have gobbled 800 pigeonweed seeds at a single banquet. 16 A bobwhite had stowed away 5,000 more of the same variety. A mourning dove was not too sad to eat 70OO seeds of the yellow sorrel as one day's ration. There are 465 species of wild birds that inhabit ordinary gardens everywhere, from city backyards to the rive-thousand-acre "bonanza" wheat-farms of the Northwest. These birds are no Hooverizers. Thev eat and they eat; then fly and fly; then eat some more. The rubythroated hummingbird, an inch long and wei a whole summer's work to the campaign for Sanctuaries, securing a total of 87 Sanctuaries com- prising 72,932 acres. He graphically describes his operations in the following letter : When the war broke loose on the world, I was convinced that the conservation of food would plav a large part in winning the war. The People's Home Journal called mv attention to this matter in a very definite way by offering to send, free, Sanctuary no- tices to all who would agree to post them and take care of the birds in every possible way. The data regarding the food the various birds con- sumed, was very convincing. It showed very clearly that the insects the birds ate were the very insects that destroyed the crops. This appealed to my patriotism. When I saw a farmer who had come to town to sell produce, I would ask him about his crops. Then I told him of the Green Meadow Club Bird Sanc- tuary plan. Many farmers would respond immedi- ately. Some would hesitate because they were fond of hunting birds. I gave several addresses at local fairs and pic- nics in the country. I talked about some things per- tinent to the occasion, then introduced the matter of bird protection, reciting your editorial facts, and said if there were anv present who were interested I would be glad to confer with them before I left the grounds. I had my pledges ready. They came and signed up so fast and so many that I ran short of pledges. I want to say that the people are open to conviction, and the Journal has done wonderful work to educate the people as to the value of bird protection. J. J. Resh, Freeland, Pennsylvania. The fight against devouring insects is a fight against famine and starvation. There can be no let-up or the face of nature will eventually be blotted out and the world go without food. To hold the marauding horde in even partial check is now wasting a large part of human effort and it would be an utterly hopeless combat were it not for the tireless efforts of our birds. F. L. Washburn, Entomologist. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Of all our birds none offers a better or more useful record than the humble bobwhite. He is entirely beneficial in every habit and does abso- lutely no harm. Resident with us all the year round, he lives on 145 species of insects during the summer and lives on harmful weed seeds in the winter. Every farmer should do everything in his power to protect and encourage this most useful oi birds. 27 \A?iot/ier Gfirl Who Did Valiant Work LrTLE marjorie lloyd of Antigo, Wisconsin secured more than ioo pledges, embracing in all nearly ten thousand acres, and this under cir- cumstances that indicate she has the true spirit of young America and is a worthy member of the Green Meadow Club. Extracts from her inter- esting letter follow : In obtaining my pledges I walked in all about 50 miles. One accident occurred which put me back a little. I was bit by a dog who left the mark of five teeth in the front of my leg, but I got over that nicely only it made me a little afraid of other dogs. One day I made three trips with father in the big wagon to Doering, and he would stop and wait while I went into the houses along the road, and I got seven pledges signed that day. One day I rode seven miles with the mail carrier and walked back stopping at each house on the way. You see we live fourteen miles from town and I had to cover quite a little ground in getting around. The work has been a real pleasure and a pleasant pastime and besides helping the birds, I felt I was doing a very little bit towards my country. We all want to do patriotic things. YOUR SCHEME FOR BIRD SANCTUARIES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY SEEMS TO BE A GOOD MOVE. I HEARTILY APPROVE OF ANY PLAN WHICH HAS FOR ITS OBJECT THE PROTECTION of our birds. — John Burroughs. 28 Food for 'Thought In the United States Biological Laboratory at Wash- ington, D. C, it was found that the stomach of a cedar waxwing (cherry bird) contained over ioo canker worms while that of a scarlet tanager con- tained by actual count 630 gypsy moth caterpillars and a nighthawk was found to have consumed 600 mosquitos. If birds should disappear, the plagues of Egypt would again be spread broadcast on the earth. Weeds would multiply a thousand fold and whole countrysides would be devastated by devouring insects before human ingenuity could devise an effectual remedy against the pests. Not only do the birds destroy the mature insects but they also devour the larva? and thereby destroy the eggs. Their services in this respect are beyond calculation. As consumers of weed seeds also thev annually save farmers and gardeners an enormous sum of money that would otherwise have to be spent in eliminating weeds. Dr. Judd, a famous entomologist, one time watched about 525 birds eating weed seeds on a Maryland truck farm. He estimated that they consumed not less than 46,000 seeds for that single breakfast. 29 Thousands of Willing Workers Were Found among School Teachers and Pupils TO all who took part in the Sanctuary Campaign everywhere, under the leadership of the Journal, high tribute is due. Many schools took up the work enthusiastically and accomplished much. Thousands of workers joined hands with the Green Meadow Club and made its efforts their own. These efforts have reached far and borne good fruit. Due recognition has been given in the pages of the Journal. In addition to the Gold Medals awarded, the trustees of the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund have presented " Certificates of Valuable Service" to those whose names here follow : i. Sixteen-Acre School, Springfield, Massachusetts, for 1 08 Sanctuaries comprising 16,011 acres. 2. Marjorie Lloyd, Antigo, Wisconsin, for 100 Sanctuaries comprising 9,391 acres. 3. George Horton, Dvvight, Illinois, for 87 Sanctuaries comprising 13,820 acres. 4. George Stevens, Ogerna, Wisconsin, for 66 Sanctuaries comprising 7,204 acres. 5. Cantrall School, Cantrall, Illinois, for 54 Sanctuaries comprising 14,402 acres. 6. Flora Whitfield, Raton, New Mexico, for 24 Sanctuaries comprising 139,090 acres. 7. Joseph B. Woodward, Brownfield, Texas, for 14 Sanctuaries comprising 53,071 acres. 30 ~ Mv /- . tig ml/MT iuj u/i r N fit '^ OF AMERICA* • FQRTSI1 ^MS^it^ri©^i MIS I1JMASE ©F WEB UFI -T(6rG6i) Awards to 5hc ficoplc^ 3-r^tnc journal 3\0Tt .<£upton , fRtblisUctr xt& Certificate oi S^iMirt^vu^VieS* bevvxece ?or tVic creation ofa^rcat ©cries of roiro Sartctvuxrics mrougViout the QXriiteb 5tate* artb Cana&a.m 1911 anfc 1918. -Ao\v -}|ork §W. 2-£>< V}iir Trustees ' ?-^r 3&si 31 V\[early a ^Million Acres PLEDGED IN NINETEEN-EIGHTEEN FOR SANCTUARIES AS A RESULT OF THE JOURNAL'S EFFORTS ACRES 236 500 4,4s1 I3,99I "i95a 22 21,531 83,714 239 436 18,901 5,182 82,553 1,505 6,501 220 2,°53 1 1,067 20 4,55° 49,283 6,006 4J,997 i7,39i 7,3^5 3*,739 6,424 9,698 11,123 6,136 34,365 6,°53 97,249 2,520 1,280 20,091 3J,396 480 66,771 9,687 16,933 i,737 941 392 16,429 53,695 933,591 STATE SANCTUARIES Maine 3 New Hampshire 2 Vermont 27 Massachusetts 117 Connecticut 7 Rhode Island 4 New York 246 Pennsylvania 192 New Jersey 26 Delaware 15 Maryland 160 Virginia 43 West Virginia 242 North Carolina 17 South Carolina Georgia 37 Florida 4 Alabama 28 Mississippi 21 Louisiana 1 Tennessee 47 Kentucky 277 Ohio 74 Illinois 218 Indiana 168 Michigan 97 Wisconsin 317 Minnesota 44 Iowa 33 Missouri 67 Kansas 65 Oklahoma 120 Arkansas 35 Texas 96 North Dakota 8 South Dakota 8 Nebraska 45 Colorado 38 Wyoming 1 Montana JI3 Idaho 26 Utah 69 Washington 42 Oregon 22 California 4 New Mexico 28 Canada 119 TOTAL 3,337 32 2 61967 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. • TT-woi ^a in>c- General Library Pf?7m!To M7fl° University of California (1 7763810)476 Berkeley