CONSTRUCTION OP SUBSTRUCTURE AAYFAIR FUAFING STATION. CHICAGO.
d. T. LUCA.5
ARAOUK INSTITUTE:; OF TECHNOLOGY
19 17
628.1 L96
o
UNP./ERS>XV ufeRaRiES
AT 4 59
Lucas, J. T.
Construction of substructure of Mayfair pumping station,
Digitized by tine Internet Arcinive
in 2009 witii funding from
CARLI: Consortium of Academic and Researcii Libraries in Illinois
http://www.archive.org/details/constructionofsuOOIuca
Construction of Substructure
OF Mayfair Pumping Station
City of Chicago
A THESIS
PRESENTED BY
John Thomas Lucas
TO THE
PRESIDENT AND FACULTY
OF
ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FOR THE DECREE OF
CIVIL ENGINEER
MAY 31, 1917
APPROVED:
ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PAUL V.GALVIN LIBRARY 35 WEST 33RD STREET CKJCAGG. IL 60616
Dean of Engineenng Studies
Dean of Culnir&I Studies
INDEX >
GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Page 1. CONSTRUCTION. (A). EXCAVATION.
(1). General Excaration. Page 5.
(2). Trench " Page ©.
(3). Caisson " Page 13.
(4), Core " Page 15. (B). CONCRETE,
(1), Coal ReceiTing Room. Page 17.
(2). Mixing Plant. Page 19.
(3). Boiler Room. Page 21,
(4), Pump Room. Pag® 23.
(5). Chimney Foundation. Page 25.
(C). PLANT EQUIPMENT. Page 26.
ORGANIZATION AND COSTS. Page 29,
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1.
The Wilson Avenue Tunnel system, the construction of which was commenced, in August, 1913, extends from the intake crib in Lake Michigan ahout 16,250' east of the shore shaft, located at Wilson and Clarendon Avenues, to the new Mayfair Pumping Station at Wilson and N, Lamon Avenues. This station, when completed, will supply the extreme northwest part of the city of Chicago and its adjacent suburbs with water luider standard pressure, and imder high pressure for high level territory.
GEMERAL DESCRIPTION. The building fronts south on Wilson Avenue with a pump room 236' x 60', the floor being at elev, - 7,15' or 38.65' below street grade. At the entrance to station, in the cent- er of south front, there is an office section one story in height, 50 ' x 31 ' , The boiler room, 239' X 54'- 3", lies north of the pump room; its basement level is at elev, + 13,92' or 17, 58' below grade, and the main floor at elev, + 28,84'. A coal receiving room, 72'- 9" x 70'-
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9" is located north of the boiler room with an 18' driveway between these two sections of the station,
A side track, turning south from the C,M,& St.P.Ry,, carries coal cars into the rec- eiving room over three receiving hoppers. The coal can be unloaded directly into the hoppers through bottom dump cars, or by means of a grab bucket from an overhead traveling crane; or the coal can be stored in bins on both sides of the track hoppers, Plate No, 1, shows a general lay- out of the station.
The coal after passing through a crush- er under the hoppers is carried south on an ap- ron conveyor to the main bucket conveyor, run- ning east and west in the boiler room four feet north of the boiler fronts. This conveyor sup- plies a set of enclosed bunkers 175 '-6" long, which have a capacity of 1,000 tons. Spouts feed the coal from the bottom of the bunkers, 22* a- bove boiler room floor, to each stoker.
The boilers, fronting north, supply
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Steam at 175 lbs. pressure through a dou'ble header system to the seven pumping engines. They consist of a hattery of 6 - 4 pass Edge- n-ioor water tuhe hollers equipped with Taylor stokers, and have a rating of 500 H.P, each.
The smoke hreeching is suspended from the main floor, and enters the central stack from the east and west. The stack is 184 '-J?" high ahove boiler room floor, the inside diam- eter being S^O" at top and 14 •- 5" at base, and is supported by four 5*~ 0" caissons extending to solid rock at elev, - 50,00*,
The water will be pumped by seven pumping engines of a total capacity of 152,5 million gallons in 24 hours. The pumps are of the triple expansion, crank and fly wheel type with mechanically operated suction and discharge valves of Riedler design. The steam ends of both high and standard pressure pumps are alike, but the water ends of the three west pumps are small- er. The three west pumps will each deliver 17,5 million gallons per day against a 200* head.
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and the foxa* east pumps will each deliver 25 million gallons per day against a 140* head.
Each pump has two suction nozzles ex- tending south and then down into a common suc- tion tunnel, the flowline of which is 20*- 10" heneath pump room floor. All the water entering the pumps passes around the tubes of a siu'face condenser, and is discharged through four pipes from each pump into the station mains.
There are two discharge mains for the 140' head, one north and one south of the pumps at elev, + 4.00', extending the full length of the station and leaving at the west. They are supported by a series of piers adjacent to the north and south walls of pump room. The two high pressure lines start at about the center of the building, and are supported by saddles on the pipe, leaving also at the west,
Iramediatedly west of the station are two pipe vaults in which the pipes rise to street grade, and change direction to confona with r:en- eral layout of the water pipe systeci in street.
Plate No. 2. Indicates the general arrangement
of station,
CONSTBUCTION.
Constrviction work on foundations was conrrienced on Septemljer 16, 1915. (A). EXCAVATION.
As a preliminary step on the arrival of forces on the ground in April, 1914, at which date work on the Mayfair shaft of the ?;ilson Avenue tunnel was started, a network of farm tile was laid over the entire area of the pro- posed station, and connected with the sewer of adjoining territory. This served to remove all surface water, and when ground was broken in the following year the upper strata was compar- atively free from moisture, (1). gENSRAL EXCAVATION.
The general excavation consisted in removing the upper nineteen feet of earth from the huilding site by the open cut method. Start- ing at east end of pump room with a 3/4 yard Os- good steam shovel, a strip 30 feet in width was
opened. The shovel moyed westward on a downward slope for a distance of 100 feet, until it reached bottom of pit at elev. + 12,75', the level of suh-soil for "boiler room hasement floor. This in- cline was covered with a single layer of 2" plank- ing to afford easy passage for the diaup wagons and teams passing over it to receive the excavated material. The shovel itself was provided with four timber floats, each about 8'- 0" long, 4*- 0" wide, and 3" in thickness. These floats v/ere con- structed of 3" X 10" pieces of oak bound together and the edges and sides reinforced with angle irons and steel plates. As the shovel traveled forward, its path was laid in advance, the rear float being swung to the front by fastening the attach- ed chains of float to dipper stick of shovel. The dump wagons, of two yard capacity each, mov- ing down runway into pit, were loaded with spoil and hauled to siu'face, assisted by an auxiliary snatch team of three horses. In like manner the coal receiving room and entire east half of boiler room, and pump room were stripped of the top
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layers of soil.
At this stage a more permanent run- way in the form of a timher trestle was con- structed at the east end of toiler room, and the earth incline removed. The runway was ahout 25 feet in width, to provide clear passage for two wagons. On the south side a narrow guage track was laid. At the top in center of track was inserted a 24" pulley, over which was run a 3/4" wire cahle to electric hoist on surface. Attached to the other end of cable was a small four wheeled truck operating on track, and serv- ing to boost loaded wagons up the incline. The truck replaced the snatch team previously used for the work.
In laying out work for excavation, an additional strip of ten feet outside actual lines of building footings was included to act as berm, and prevent the loose ground from sloughing off, and falling into wall trenches alongside. The banks were not braced except in a few instances, in which shoring was provided to hold up temper-
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ary buildngs on top at edge of pit. Care was taken thrughout to keep the bottom of pit at same elevtion, to Insure against water accum- ulating i: pockets. To remove drainage, steam lines wer used to l)rlng water to a central steam driven puip, which raised it to the level of sur- face lin > leading to surrounding sewer,
\ periodical progress record was kept of work a«omplished hy steam shovel, as is shown hy Plate to. 3. The contract for disposing of spoil waa assigned on the basis of loose yardage, measured a wagons. As a means of check, the per- centage oi swell was computed semi- monthly "by measuring the yardage in place excavated and pro- portionin; It to the corresponding loose yard- age.
The accompanying photograph No. 1. shows the fork in its preliminary stages. In the foregiiund to the right may be seen the tres- tle leadii? from headhouse over shaft and rock re- moved froi the tunnel drift. Some difficulty was encountercl in excavating coal receiving room
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ary 'buildings on top at edge of pit. Care was taken throughout to keep the bottom of pit at same elevation, to insure against water accum- ulating in pockets. To remove drainage, steam lines were used to bring water to a central steam driven pump, ?rhich raised it to the level of sur- face lines leading to surrounding sewer,
A periodical progress record was kept of work accomplished by steam shovel, as is shown by Plate No, 3. The contract for disposing of spoil was assigned on the basis of loose yaz^dage, measured in wagons. As a means of check, the per- centage of swell was computed semi- monthly by measuring the yardage in place excavated and pro- portioning it to the corresponding loose yard- age.
The accompanying photograph No, 1, shows the work in its preliminary stages. In the foreground to the right may be seen the tres- tle leading from headhouse over shaft and rock re- moved from the tunnel drift. Some difficulty was encountered in excavating coal receiving room
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and northwest section of boiler room due to prox- imity of rock pile, and extreme precautions were taken to secure ground showing any signs of crack- ing.
This completed the first step by the open cut method of excavation from elev.+ 31,5' to elev,+ 12,75 ♦, a depth of 18*- 9", (2). TRENCH EXCAVATION.
Iraraediatedly after the general excav- ation had been finished by open cut, work was started on the trench excavation for the wall footings of building, beginning in the coal re- ceiving room and following in the wake of the shovel. In the coal receivins room the depth of footings below grade of pit was 7*- T". These trenches were opened by hand digging and the sides lined ^dth 3" lagging, held in place by 6" X S" waling pieces and 6* x 6* struts. The soil encountered was very firm and free from moisture, and in no instance was it necessary to drive any lagging in advance.
In the boiler room the footing trenches
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were 3'- 9" "below pit level, necessitating only the ordinary precautions taken in shoring shallow trenches.
The excavated soil was disposed of as in the open cut method by shoveling on dump wag- ons, and boosting them up incline with truck.
In trench excavation for pump room a problem of more intricate nature presented it- self. The pump room, as previously described, embraces an interior area of 236' x 60', and is bounded by four reinforced concrete walls of the counterfort type. The south, east and west walls have a footing penetration to elev,- 13.00' or 25'- 9" below grade of pit, and in each case the footings are 25' in width. The north wall has a footing penetration to elev,- 10,15' or 23'- 2" below grade of pit, and a footing width of 15 »- 0",
In the south, east and west wall trench- es the first five foot cut was made by steam shov- el, with exception of outer six feet, which was left as a factor of safety against the banks
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caving in on shovel. In the north wall trench it was foimd Impossible to operate the shovel due to the narrowness of trench, and all mater- ial was removed hy hand digging.
As practically the same methods were employed in excavating all four trenches in pump room, an explanation of the proceedure adopted in digging south wall trench will suffice. Ac- tual hand digging was not hegun until after se- vere cold weather had set in, and to prevent the frost from penetrating into exposed ground,, as well as to facilitate construction, three eight hour shifts were organized to carry on the work.
The steam shovel being of service no longer for excavating, its dipper stick was re- placed by a 30 foot boom, enabling it to be op- erated as a derrick. A steel swinging derrick was also placed in east end of pump room, the shovel taking care of west end of building. Be- ginning at grade of pit, the outer six feet of earth in trench was removed by hand, and loaded into skips of 2 yard capacity each. These skips
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were constructed of 3" oak and mounted with chains, which could "be fastened to hoom of derrick. On 1)eing loaded with spoil they were lifted out of trench and elevated to a dumping hopper in pit, under which the wagons passed to receive the dis- posal. As soon as a section had been excavated to a depth of six feet, the sides were caught with S" lagging secured with 8" x 10" wales and 8" x 8" struts. The digging was carried on until an ad- ditional six foot section was removed, and a sim- ilar six foot set of lagging placed. In this mann- er the excavation progressed in six foot drops, until trench bottom at elev, - 13,00* was reached. Throughout the digging it was found lumecessary to drive any lagging, the ground being of a firm textm*e and free from quick-sand and excessive moisture. To remove any water accumulating from underground sources or rainfall, steam siphons were extended into trenches, and connected with a steam driven pump on top. This kept the ground in trenches dry and enabled the digging to be prosecuted without interruption, Plate No, 4,
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shovs the typical tracing used in south wall
trench,
(3). CAISSOK EXCAVATION.
Referring to Plate No, 5, showing gen- eral plan and section of south wall of pump room, it will "be seen that the counterforts are centered upon caissons. These caissons, which are of the open well type, extend down past suction tunnel and rest upon hard pan. The method employed in excayating wells consists as follows. A tripod and windlass arrangement was placed oTer each open- ing at elcT,- 13.00', the level of bottom of wall trench. The core was renored by hand digging in fire foot sections, the sides of caisson being well secured by fire foot sets of 3" maple lagg- ing held in place by steel rings 2*- 6* apart. In a few instances wet ground and soil resembling quick-ssmd were encountered, making it necessary to use shorter sets of lagging and also to tho- roughly pack the Toids behind lagging with hay. The ezcayated material was raised in buckets to lerel of trench bottom by hand and emptied into
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skips, which were in turn elevated to siurface by derrick and the contents dumped into receiv- ing hopper. From this receptacle the spoil was loaded into wagons and boosted up incline to street grade. The digging for caissons was car- ried on in three shifts, three men working in each shaft. A daily progress of the work was kept in graphical form, indicating the nature of the ground encountered and other general in- formation necessary in computing costs for ex- cavation. A specimen of these charts is illus- trated in Plate No, 6,
A somewhat different method was em- ployed in excavating caissons imder chimney in boiler room. The foundations for stack consist of a 19*- 0" square slab of reinforced concrete 6'- 0" in thickness, resting upon four caissons of 5*- 0" diameter penetrating to solid rock at elev,- 50,00 ». The digging was started at level of pit elev.+ 12,75* and was prosecuted in five foot sections as in south wall caissons in pump room. An electric hoist was installed about 25*
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east of wells and connected by cable with spools orer caisson openings. In this manner it was possible to work two diagonally opposite wells at the sane time, the spoil buckets being raised to surface of pit by electric power instead of by hand* Plate No« 7« shows diagram of stack caissons and also soil borings taken in ricinity of work, (4 ) . CORE EXCAVATION.
After four walls in pump room had been constructed, there remained a core of earth 218' long, 46' wide and 25'- 9" deep approximating 9200 cu, yards in Tolume. At this stage the steel swinging derrick and 90 II, P, electric hoist were raised to surface and installed at south east comer of pump room, the mast of derrick rest- ing on top of wall at elev, + 33,00', The steam shovel was stripped of its boom and the dipper stick put back in place, A double track system of narrow guage connected by a switching device was laid on surface of core at elev,+ 12,75', and several flat-bottomed wooden dionp cars of two yard capacity each brought into service. As
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the shovel cut into the ground it unloaded the excavated material into cars on track alongside. The loaded cars were switched to opposite track and pushed hy hand to east end of pump room, at which point the chains of car were caught ty hook on fall lines of derrick and elevated to surface. On top alongside east and south walls was laid a timber platform on trestle "bents to carry a track of similar guage to that in pit. Over this track was run the loaded cars and the spoil dumped through openings in platform as hackfill hehind walls. Proceeding in this manner the core was excavated in 12 » drops until level of hottom of south wall footing was reached at elev.- 13,00*. In order not to undermine north wall footing, the "bottom of which is at elev. - 10.15', a hank of ground ten feet in width was left alongside , the surface being at same elev,- 7.15* as top of footing. Between this bank and edge of south wall footing a series of struts, each consisting of twelve 10" x 10" timbers bound together, was laid at intervals of 31*- 0" coming
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between proposed adjacent engine beds. The pur- pose of these struts was to counteract any slid- ing motion on the part of either south or north walls. They were left in place until engine beds had been concreted as well as pinnp roon floor section between north ends of punp foundations and north wall footing. Plate No, 8, shows anal- ysis of proccediwe in core e2:cavation. This prac- tically completed all excavation for foundations of station, (B). CONCRETE.— (1). COAL RECEIVING ROOM.
On the completion of trench excavation in coal receiving room wort was immediatedly started on the foundations. A temporary concreting plant was installed about 100 feet directly north of coal room site, being supplied with material from cars switched from C.M.S: St, P. line and de- livered on track alongside. The mixer consisted of a chain belt machine of 3/4 yard capacity op- erated by steam engine. The sand, gravel and ce- ment were wheeled from material piles in barrows up incline and deposited in mixing drum. The con-
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Crete was received from mixer in buggies and wheeled to edge of foundation pit, A series of chutes placed around pit received the concrete and conducted it to place in foundations. The structure was completed in three separate pours, a 1:2:4 mixture heing used throughout. The foot- ing constituted the first step, the trench lagg- ing talcing the place of formwork. The second and third pours consisted of the surrounding walls and cross girders. Construction keys were provided in footings and walls after first and second pours, and extreme care was taken to se- cure a good "bond of new concrete hy thoroughly sweeping and washing the surface of old concrete and covering it with a layer of grout of 1:2 proportions. In view of the fact that this work was being done during the month of December, pre- cautions were taken against the concrete freezing by covering the forms with canvas after pour had been made and placing salamanders alongside so as to keep the frost out imtil set had taken place. As an additional measure of safety the
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sand and gravel were heated I>y means of steam lines tefore being placed in mixer. Plates No, 9, & 10, show sections of fonawork and details of walls and girders in coal recelring room, (2), MIXING PLANT.
A more permanent mixing plant was con- structed at this stage to control entire building' The coal receiving room, being divided by cross girders into three separate compartments, offered an excellent location for central plant. The two north sections were separated by a dividing wall of 6" X 6" timbers, and served as storage bins for sand and gravel. The south section was cut off from storage bins by a similar shield of 6" X 6" timbers and subdivided into two hoppers, the bottoms of which were built on an incline of 3" X 8" planks. These hoppers for sand and gravel respectively were fed from storage bins by means of a grab bucket on Browning locomotive traveling crane, operating on material track alongside coal room. The coal bins, each of a storage capacity of 400 cu. yds,, were supplied
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from material cars switched from main line of C,M,& St,P,Ry. and unloaded by crane. On the west side of bins was situated a cement shed of a storage capacity of 9000bbls, of cement.
Beneath roadway slab and In direct connection with sand and gravel hoppers was loc- ated the mlslng plant, which consisted of the same eq^ulpment as previously used In construc- tion of coal room foundations. The mixer engine however, was operated by steam supplied by 90 H.P, scotch marine boiler on top alongside ce- ment house. A detailed layout of this concreting plant Is shown In Plate No. 14. The hopper buck- et which received sand and gravel through hopper openings regulated by slides, had been previous- ly gauged for a 1:2:4 mixture of concrete, and the marks representing the proper volumes vis- ibly placed on sides. By referring to these In- dentations the operator was able to regulate the flow of material for each batch. The corresponding amoimt of cement was set aside in cement house and delivered to bucket below through small grav-
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ity chute, on receiTing signal from operator. The material, being properly proportioned, was released from bucket through opening in bottom and dumped into mixing drum. The water for each batch was received from water barrel connected with supply pipe, the proper quantity being de- termined by gauge glass on side of barrel.
The central concreting tower was lo- cated in center of roadway slab, the concrete bucket moving through slab opening in 4" x 4" guides fastened to sides of tower. This bucket was fed from mixing drum by means of an apron on mixer and hoisted to top of tower, 50 feet above roadway slab, by electric hoist situated alongside cement house. Two additional towers of a proportional decrease in height were placed, one in boiler room and one in pump room, support- ing Ransome concrete chutes. The location of these towers could be changed so as to control any part of structure, (3). BOILER ROOM.
The boiler room walls were constructed
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in two pours, the footings forming the first step and the neatwork section of walls the se- cond. In concreting the footing the trench lagg- ing served as fonnwork, a construction key being provided to properly hond the wall sections to footings. Moreover the concrete was carefully scruhhed and covered with a 1:2 mixture of grout after forms for walls had "been erected, and shortly before second pour was made. For details of walls and fornwork in boiler room see Plate No, 11.
The north wall of boiler room was con- creted before central concreting plant had been installed, and the same methods were employed in pouring as in constructing coal receiving room foundations. The east and west exterior and interior walls of boiler room were concreted by means of the main plant then under operation. Throughout a 1:2:4 mix was used for walls and footings of this part of station. As the work was being carried on in cold weather the same precautions were taken against the concrete frcez-
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Ing as employed In pouring coal room walls, (4). PUMP ROOM,
Immediatedly after the bottom of cais- sons under south wall of pump room had heen helled out, the lower sections, the sides of which were unprotected by lagging, were concreted so as to secure the ground. The upper sections were poured at a later date when several wells were ready, together with a four inch layer over the entire bottom of wall trench to serve as a bed for footing reinforcement. This facilitated the laying of the heavy steel bars specified, and kept the reinforcing comparatively free from contact with any foreign matter, such as mud and slime which otherwise might have accumulated in trench bottoms due to the thawing of the frozen ground together with the spring rains. In order to guard against a hoi*izontal Joint in footing in plane of reinforcing this four inch bed was thoroughly cleaned and covered with a layer of grout before next pour was started. This precau- tion was taken in all cases where it was neces-
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sary for horizontal joints in structure. In view of the fact that the wall section between coun- terforts was designed as a continuous slah, all vertical construction joints were made at the quarter point in span, this "being theoretically the point of zero bending moment. By a judicious handling of the trench shoring, as illustrated in Plate No, 13,, it was possible to bring pump room wall sections to top, a distance of 40 feet, without leaving any holes in structure for brac- ing.
This method, although involving some additional expense due to reshoring against walls, justified itself by the results obtained. No serious leaks were encountered in all four walls of pump room, practically a water-proof structure being secured which was the chief ob- ject sought after in its construction. The form- work for these walls was of a similar nature to that employed in coal receiving room and boiler room walls, sections of which are shown in Plate Nos, 10 oL- 11, This work was done during the early
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spring and part of the summer following. The pro- portions of 1:2:4 were adhered to in pouring cais- sons, footings and walls throughout this part of structure. Plate No. 12, shows a section of south wall of pump room. The same methods were followed In constructing north, east and west walls as prerlously explained.
This completed the concreting In en- gine tofm until core of earth from eleT,4 12,75 t to elcT,- 13,00* was removed. Work was then re- sumed on the engine heds, each of the seven being concreted In one pour, a 1:2:4 mix "being used. The pump room floor, condenser piers, pipe piers and other foundations of smaller volume were tak- en In order until concrete work In this section of building was entirely finished, (5), CHIMNEY FOUNDATION.
As soon as stack caisson excaratlon had been completed for two diagonally opposite wells, the lower sections were concreted, and work started on other two wells. The lower sec- tions of these were poured together with upper
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sections of first pair of caissons. The slab, resting on caissons was constructed in one pour, a 1:2:4 mix "being used throughout, (C), PLANT EQUIPMENT.
In so far as possible in the course of work on the pumping station, the policy a- dopted was to employ machinery in the handling of all materials, and to carry out the actual construction on building,
A Browning locomotive crane of 15 ton capacity served to handle all material cars re- ceired from C,M,& St.P.Ry, alongside building site. By means of a grab bucket all sand and gravel were unloaded from cars into storage bins in coal room foundations, and the material hopp- ers supplied from storage bins in same fashion. The grab bucket could be replaced by a hook and chain, and thus enable the crane to act as a derx*ick in lifting or moving heavy objects such as structural steel, stone, granite and other miscellaneous material. A second track was in- stalled at a later date alongside east walls of
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boiler and pump rooms, which made it possible for crane to operate in that Ticinlty and thus control these sections of the station. As a typ- ical instance of the adaptability of this machine, the following case is cited.
After excavation had been completed in pump room, the steel swinging derrick was dismantled and elevated to surface by crane, at which level it was then installed. The steam shovel was raised in like manner from pit, a lift of approximately 12 tons being made through a vertical distance of nearly 50 feet. During superstructure construction the crane was used in erection as well as handling materials.
The uses of the steel swinging derrick have been mentioned in previous description of methods of excavation. On being no longer of service in -pimp room pit, it was elevated to sur- face and there employed in conjunction with the locomotive crane.
The Osgood steam shovel was used prin- cipally in straight open cut excavation, although
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it was also employed in the role of a derrick in pioop room excavation the dipper stick heing replaced by boom. After foundation excavation had been completed its period of service was ended, and it was raised to street grade from pimxp room pit and moved to another construction site.
Electric hoists of various ratings were used to carry on construction work, A 90 H,P, machine was used continuously in conjunc- tion with swinging derrick. Hoists of smaller capacity were employed in excavating chimney wells, and boosting dump wagons up runway from pit, as described in article on open cut excav- ation.
The steam supply for building was ob- tained from 90H,P, scotch marine boiler, in- stalled directly west of coal room site. The concrete mixer engine received its steam supply from this boiler as well as the drainage pumps in boiler and pump rooms. Pipe lines were con- nected to the main supply in thawing out frozen
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sand and. gravel and also to heat concreting ma- terials in cold weather.
Directly north of coal room and east of rock pile was located a plot of ground which served for storage of materials, such as rein- forcing steel, Ivanher for "bracing and formwork, structural steel, hrick, stone and other huild- ing products. Photograph No.l. shows view of material yard,
ORGANIZATION AND COSTS, Construction work on the suhstructure of the Mayf air Pumping Station was prosecuted on the day labor plan. All huilding material was ordered either directly from joh site in small assortments, or let out hy contract in large lots through main office. Labor, skilled and common, was obtained through civil service com- mission, the men being certified to their places of work when requisition was made from job by engineer in charge. The wage rates were in ac- cordance with the union scale and the working hours from 8:00 A,M, to 4:30 P.M,
30,
The following system was adopted in recording all charges and costs of work.
Each name on the payroll was repre- sented "by a nimihered brass check. On reporting for work the men received their checks at the timekeeper's office, and on leaving returned the checks to same office. No man was permitted to work without a check, A man failing to re- turn his check at the close of the day's work was given time up to the last hour he was noted in field "by timekeeper,
A daily list, called a check sheet, was made, showing numbers of checks which had been called for at tl^e beginning of the day's work. On the first trip around job in morning these numbers were located and checked off by timekeeper on this sheet, A similar trip was made In the afternoon and the same procedure followed. The hours and rates of each employe were entered on sheet opposite corresponding number, and turned in to pajnroll clerk about 8:00 A,M, the following day.
31.
The distribution of time was also made "by field timekeeper, who was constantly on the outside and in contact with work. The time of each man was charged against the proper class and location of work on a field distribution sheet. These charges were classified by symbols in accordance with schedule as submitted on Plates No, 15, 16 and 17, All special occurrences as to the beginning and completion of work, etc, were recorded, the sheet practically constitut- ing a field diary. This sheet was delivered to payroll clerk with check sheet.
The office distribution consisted in bringing together all charges of same symbol, from which the daily force account was made. This sheet contained all charges properly class- ified as well as unit costs of work and other information bearing on the Job, A copy of each daily force account was sent to main division office together with a cost sheet at the end of each period, of approximately two weeks in length, which consisted of a general summary of all money
32.
expended for labor and material for the fore- going period*
The personnel of orerhead organiza- tion was as follows:
Engineer in charge*
General foreman, I
Junior engineer,
Rodman - instrumentman,
Rodman - draftsman.
Field time clerk.
Cost clerk.
Material clerk.
Payroll clerk.
Messenger,
The work was carried on under the su- pervision of Mr, Henry W, Clausen, Engineer of Water Works Construction, Mr, F,C, Martini is the engineer in local charge of construction, and the writer is first assistant to engineer in charge.
33.
The following imit costs of work are sulanltted,
EXCAVATION, ( Steam Shorel.) General Excavation and Engine Room Core,
39,750 cu, yds, © $ ,35 per cu, yd, EXCAVATION, ( Hand Digging,) South, West and East Wall Trenches of Eng, Room,
9,000 cu, yds, § $1,70 per cu, yd. North Wall Trench of Eng, Room,
2,882 cu, yds, § $1,50 per cu, yd. Caissons under South Wall of Engine Room,
777 cu, yds, § $4,29 per cu, yd. Caissons under Chimney of Boiler Room,
230 cu, yds, § $4,20 per cu, yd. BRACING & LAGGING, South, West and East Wall Trenches of Eng, Room,
9,000 cu, yds, § $1.22 per cu. yd. North Wall Trench of Eng, Room,
2,882 cu. yds. © $1.21 per cu. yd. Caissons under South Wall of Eng, Room.
777 cu. yds. § $1,99 per cu, yd.
34.
BRACING & LAGGING. Caissons under Chimney of Boiler Room,
230 cu, yds, § $1,95 per cu, yd, ELEVATING & HOISTING, Core of Engine Room,
9,000 cu, yds, © $ ,46 per cu, yd. South, West and East Wall Trenches of Eng, Room.
9,000 cu, yds, @ $ ,77 per cu, yd. North Wall Trench of Eng, Room,
2,882 cu, yds, © $ ,81 per cu, yd. DISPOSAL. ( Including Backfill.) Wall Trenches of Eng. Boom,
11,882 cu. yds. © $ ,93 per cu. yd. FORM^ORK. Walls of Engine Room,
69,100 sq, ft, @ $ ,17 per sq. ft. Walls of Boiler Room,
20,100 sq, ft, © $ ,17 per sq, ft. Walls and Girders of Coal Receiving Room,
11,300 sq, ft, @ $ ,17 per sq. ft. Engine Foundations,
9,570 sq. ft, § $ ,17 per sq, ft.
35,
CONCRETE, ( Mixing & Placing,) Engine Room Walls,
5,360 cu, yds, @ $ ,75 per cu, yd. Boiler Room Walls,
1,229 cu, yds, § $ ,75 per cu, yd. Coal Receiving Room Walls and Girders,
569 cu, yds, © $ ,75 per cu, yd.
lyPEX OF DRAWINGS.
Plate No, 1, General Plan. Buildings and Pro- perty.
Plate No. 2. Transverse Section of Pimping Station.
Plate No. 3. Excavation Progress Chart.
Plate No. 4. Trench Bracing for Pump Room Walls.
Plate No, 5, Caissons for South Wall of Pump Room.
Plate No. 6. Progress Diagram for Caisson Excavation.
Plate No. 7. Stack Foundations and Soil Bor- ings.
Plate No. 8. Core Excavation in Pump Room.
Plate No. 9. Coal Receiving Room Details.
Plate No, 10. Coal Receiving Room Formwork.
Plate No. 11. Boiler Room Wall Details and Fonmrork.
Plate No, 12, Pimip Room Wall Details.
Plate No,13. Method of Concreting Pump Room Walls.
TNDEX OF DRAWINGS.
Plate No. 14, General Layout of Concreting
Plant. Plate No, 15, General Key to Cost Schedule. Plate No. 16, Numeral Schedule for Excavation. Plate No. 17. Numeral Schedule for Concrete.
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INDEX OF PHOTOGRAPHS.
Photo No. 1. General View of Work in Prelim- inary Stages,
Photo No. 2, North Boiler Room Wall,
Photo No, 3, Open Cut Excaration by Steam ShoTel,
Photo No, 4, Trench Bracing for Pump Room Walls.
Photo No. 5, General View of South and West Engine Room Walls,
Photo No. 6, Coal ReceiTing Room,
Photo No, 7, Boiler Room,
Photo No, 8. Pump Room.
HOTO NO, 1,
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PHOTO NO, 2,
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PHOTO HO, 4,
TO NO. 5. T^i
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PHOTO NO, 6,
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PHOTO KO. S.