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SYSTEMATIC. INVESTIGATIONS IN PHANERO-
GAMS, FERNS, AND DIATOMS

ADVERTISEMENT.

The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that
Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled ‘* Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,”
begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum,
in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the
publication. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the
Department of Agriculture.

Ricuarp RATHBUN,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,
in charge of the United States National Museum.
Il

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
PemwtrrED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VOLUME X

SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS IN PHANEROGAMS,
FERNS, AND DIATOMS

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA; GENUS PTELEA IN THE
WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND MEXICO;
MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS; LEGUMINOSAE
OF PORTO RICO; DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES;
CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA; TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICA!

GARDEN.

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906-1908

IN <a S

The seven parts of Volume X of the Contributions were issued as
follows:
Part 1, pages 1 to 48, March 30, 1906.
Part 2, pages 49 to 78, July 16, 1906.
Part 3, pages 79 to 182, December 5, 1906.
Part 4, pages 133 to 220, June 10, 1907.
Part 5, pages 221 to 442, July 11, 1907.
Part 6, pages 443 to 472, January 21, 1908.
Part 7, pages 473 to 508, March 30, 1908.

IV

PREFACE.

The present volume of the Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium consists of seven papers.

The first paper, by Charles V. Piper, ‘* North American Species of
Festuca,” was prepared in the Office of the Agrostologist, Department
of Agriculture, but in view of the fact that it was of a strictly sys-
tematic—not agricultural—character, it was offered to the National
Museum for publication and was accepted. The author of the manu-
script regrets that it was not possible to consult all the type specimens
of the American species, several of which are in European herbaria,
but he considers it preferable to offer his work for publication now
rather than to delay it indefinitely.

The second paper, entitled ‘** The Genus Ptelea in the Western and
Southwestern United States and Mexico,” by Dr. Edward L. Greene,
Associate in Botany, United States National Museum, is the result of
an exhaustive study of the western species of Ptelea. Doctor Greene
finds that this genus, instead of being composed of only a few species,
is a very large one, and describes 59 species, of which 55 are new.
His work is based chiefly on the large series of specimens in the
National Herbarium, in his own collection now deposited here, and in
Capt. John Donnell Smith’s, eventually to come here, together with
the collections of the late C. C. Parry and that of the California
Academy of Sciences. The types are chiefly in the National
Herbarium, and unless otherwise indicated are to be understood as
belonging here.

The third paper consists of the fifth number of ‘* Studies of Mexi-
can and Central American Plants,” by Dr. J. N. Rose, Associate
Curator, Division of Plants, United States National Museum. Doctor
Rose has made five journeys to Mexico, each of which has resulted in
the acquisition of a valuable collection for the National Herbarium
and in a published report. Each of these reports, like the accom-
panying one, covers only fragmentary portions of his whole work.
All, however, are devoted to the elucidation of the same general
subject, the flora of central Mexico, and together they form a highly
_valuable series of contributions to our botanical knowledge of that
region.

The fourth paper is ‘‘The Leguminosae of Porto Rico,” by Miss
Janet Russell Perkins, Ph. D. In 1901 and 1902 Miss Perkins, under

v

VI PREFACE,

an appointment as scientific aid in the United States Department of
Agriculture, was engaged at Berlin ina revision of the Leguminosae
of Porto Rico. The revision was based upon a study of collections
and literature, unaccompanied by field work in the island. It was
originally intended to publish the results of this work conjointly with
an account of the agricultural relations of the leguminous plants of
that island, but as it proved to be necessary to postpone the prepara-
tion of this latter paper for more detailed investigation Miss Perkins’s
paper is now presented separately for publication, This paper differs
in several respects from the systematic treatment of leguminous
plants presented in other numbers of these Contributions, and such
differences must be taken only as an expression of the views of the
author.

The fifth paper is a ** Report on the Diatoms of the Albatross Voy-
ages in the Pacific Ocean, 1888-1904,” by Dr. Albert Mann, assisted in
the bibliography and citations by P. L. Ricker. In the autumn of
1SS7 the steamer A/batross, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries,
which had previously been employed on the Atlantie coast of North
America, was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean, where it has since been
engaged in fishery and deep-sea investigations on the western coast of
the United States, off British Columbia and Alaska, and also in more
distant regions. The bottom samples obtained by the dredge and
sounding cup during the several cruises from 1888 to 1904, inclusive,
were referred to Doctor Mann, an expert student of the diatoms. He
has separated and reported on these minute piant organisms, a difficult
and painstaking task, the results of which are given in the paper pre-
sented herewith. With very few exceptions the titles in the bibli-
ography and the citations throughout the body of the report have been
verified by Mr. P. L. Ricker, to whom acknowledgment is here made.

The sixth paper is entitled *‘The Cyperaceae of Costa Rica,” by
C. B. Clarke. Several years ago Prof. Henri Pittier, while actively
engaged in studying the plants of Costa Rica, invited Mr. C. B. Clarke,
of the Kew Herbarium, then the greatest living authority on the
Cyperaceae, to prepare a synopsis of the genera and species of that
family Baad in Costa Rica. This work was gladly undertaken by
Mr. Clarke. Soon after the synopsis was submitted Professor Pittier
left Costa Rica to accept a position in the Department of Agriculture,
in Washington, and after his arrival offered the paper to the United
States National Museum for publication. Mr. Clarke having died in
the meantime, it seemed desirable to publish it with as little change as
possible. As it was prepared in Latin, however, the Advisory Com-
mittee on Publications recommended that it should be translated into
English, and Dr. E. L. Greene was asked to prepare the manuscript.
In performing this task Doctor Greene has followed as closely as. posst-
ble the terms and phrasing of Mr. Clarke’s papers written in English.

PREFACE. VII

Further changes consist in the withdrawal of the bibliography follow-
ing each species name, the arrangement of the synonymy in chrono-
logical order, and the insertion of the dates of publication. The
names of periodicals have also been substituted in the citations for
subtitles, and a number of names which are clearly nomina nuda have
been withdrawn. One new specific name has been changed because it
was found to be a homonyim.
The seventh and last paper is “‘Studies of Tropical American
Ferns—No. 1,” by William R. Maxon. During the last decade the
National Museum has acquired large collections of Mexican and Cen-
ral American plants. These collections are rich in new material, but
evidently they are not sufficiently comprehensive to warrant undertak-
ing the publication of a general flora of any one of these countries
without further exploration. In order, however, to make public the
scientific results of preliminary studies of the collections a series of
papers has been carried on in the Contributions from the National
Herbarium, under the title ‘* Studies of Mexican and Central Ameri-
can Plants,” by Dr. J. N. Rose, Associate Curator. It is now proposed
to begin a similar series under the title ** Studies of Tropical American
Ferns,” by Mr. William Rk. Maxon, Assistant Curator. Although at
present this will deal largely with Mexican and Central American col-
lections, it will include also descriptions of new and noteworthy West
Indian species. South American forms will be considered also, as cir-
cumstances may require.
FREDERICK V. COVILLE, .
Curator of the United States National Lerbarium.

ij -_ ne,

ore bh NES.

NortH AMERICAN SPEcIES OF Festcca. By Charles V. Piper........-.-.---
ee eee a oe nse enn cog endede ee mss=--
Synopsis of United States and Canadian species ...........--.----------
EIEN R ES 3 8 ne toe Oo ea ea a eet eee

THe GeENUus PTELEA IN THE WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND

SEO FR 7 92 a
ert ets ere Sn ie Fd es oe eee ban dad ee

Sruprés oF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS—No. 5. By J. N. Rose.
EE PSL pe a a ee Sy en ee eee
EL enter fare nog co ee ee Edt an tias Secs S55
ee a pee i a Sa ee
IRE Eee ee ee ee eee ee oo ee a Se
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ee er 8 ot tenes ee Mee i oe eS os
IE Ree ee ng en, oe a awit ec oe oS we
ae ee RE Se
I et a ee ce ee Ss nce een we cnn aceud
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I re re ee ee eo al oe atte oboe a eee cs cep ebm
ER ae ee a eee ae Se aS - owen eco ste
Ee DS Sa I ee el em Oe A Se
EN A SE Se 2 oe ae ee
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EE eis ee ee ee ee cas oe cn een
2 ti 8 a ee Se ia as oe din deuce ececenesuns-
0 bo eS 2 a

THE LEGUMINOSAE OF Porto Rico. By J. Perkins........................-
INT once ar ee ee ee bo ne eens ne ete
MME BING) PORES Bre en ee eee ee Ss on nee cen ne ones
Peeetipiuons. of the genera and species -........i.....-........--......-

Report ON THE DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES IN THE PactFic OCEAN,

1888-1904. By Albert Mann, assisted in the bibliography and citations by
P. L. Ricker ...

Annotated catalogue of genera and species ..............--...----------
Data of the stations at which diatoms were collected by the Albatross ---
Oe ES a Be Ra a
THe Cyperacear or Costa Rica. By C. B. Clarke

Cee wwe ewe eee eer rr

45609—08——1 IX

x CONTENTS. ° +). 7

Srupres or TropicaAL AMERICAN Ferns—No. 1. By William R. Maxon
Introduction: « .3.2:0..<2c:cntebeuhetecwattes aoaeeees «eae
Asplenium salicifolium and confused species .............-------.
A new genus of asplenioid ferns <<. < 22... 2.5 .5..------ 2005 55S ee
The identity of Asplenium rhizophyllum L...............-..-..-
A new name for AnsitbPiMt </oncadiqcrcey----ocusne neal
The Cuban species of Adiantopsis ...........--.---- See
A new genus allied to Vittaria .......0..2..--:...4:0ssnenebenee
Miscellaneous notes and changes of MAME ---...----22+-+-n00000e
New species of several genera...............------ erry

Puats iI.
II.
III.
IV.
a?
VI.
VII.
VIII.
1X.
a
4a B
ait.
mL.
RIV.
XV.
XVI.

XVII.
VILE
XTX.
xX.
XXI.
AXI,
XXITI.
XXIV.
XXYV.
XXXVI.

Mem EL,
XXVIII.

X XTX.
XXX,

XXXI.
XXXII.
XXXII.
XXXTV.
XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXX VII.
XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.
Facing page.
NIE NOD oe rn 2 aes te a ao SO a ae we eS Frontispiece.
SUS SE a eS 14
menraarares qvtirams) (Piper...) 2.72. 25+ shoe eee enes cay l4
POM MI I SIGNER 2 on 2 oe ot 2 a Pas Regge het eg an toe 15
ee Murer ALLY? One oo oa ox pe saa keeee att Ze 17
Mpeners EE ORMER re oP Se Se tS Se toe Ue ee ese be So 18
ena eA ee eat ee ow eS eae aa age eebe titel A. 19
re OcrmPmmeNNLVOOK. - 20:27 2. oe oo ee aes Soe ete noah 24
TE So RES bese ee ee pe eee, ol
pene epieten 1 POrr.) SNCGL . 2 22 note e cee 32
PUMEPNTERMICUER ROMS S80 Sk sos fol ak een Soe dae 4 Seton 33
Perm MEI tare 2 ean cea weee oe es 35
Pee Sui OTE DCM DNET. = 60 oa 22. 3 = knoe on en ee econ 36
ence cine Peron, MeL. 2.22522. 2s 2 ek Ce ee 37
2 RETIN CE CONES gee Si ae Se ee 41
Echinocactus robustus Link & Otto and Mamillaria angularis
ME NRNIGEE ret tetra ek Oo ne tec ae ovata dale ue 83
Opuntia tunicata Link & Otto and Echinocactus ingens Zuce....--- 83
Rmnn RevRnIreLMEreDR WY CUGCY 2202 2 a. 2 oe So ont oe sees 83
Pr NaNO ONELGENE a aS. 2 ee 2 oS eee 83
EON SE eee 83
Sie MTC NINES Se ee an DL bo ee Se ew eee 84
cg 2 OR ES Oe a or 85
een RISEN PUI NODES i ne Soe ES weg owe we we omen 88
Calibanus caespitosus (Scheidw.) Rose .............---.--.------ 90
Calibanus caespitosus (Scheidw.) Rose .............--..--------. 90
iP oremunue jocam: Iose & Pamper: 20. .......-.....---..--1-s--- 95
PIICHEMRIS DTUCUMDCRS FOSC) 2 oF on bc oie ww oo bo se ee ee lo $5
PUHECOLOMNEM FOUOIUEUID TOBE Leo. oe 2 oe oe be we ee 96
eI MRE RCN Mee Pom So, Oe Sos oa eee Seaneas 98
es CTMETIUTTIES GUO SO a tc oo be ene neo 99
ON EM ee en 100
egntime SALOU Re SS es Sa ares wean wees cede aoee 102
RIeiaa WAPCLETIC YN NARMS er he oo et cece 103
Sphinctospermum constrictum (S. Wats.) Rose............-------- 107
Tonoxalis confusa Rose, I. furcata Rose, and J. jaliscana Rose... -- 110
PnMnNTIa IMA COPTIC eee ee oe nee w dames tens. ece~ 118
ie IN, MCE OOME TEMG Mire eC eo ek lk cow ee ae taee 122
aI MOUSE cg ee oe ewe ee 122
FS Ee en nn ae 123

XI

2 7 eee eee
nig tote a <:
’ XII ILLUS ATICHGS¢ co —
aaa ae ERIS teeta
“Se aay «
Pate XL. Abutilon durangense Rose & York........c2se0+-2seeeeeee
XLI. Wissadula lozani Rose ............----- paves ~ses dua
XLII. Calceolaria humilis Rose & Dowell...........------ sla peeene
_ XLIIT. Escontria chiotilla (Weber) Rose and Cephalocereus macrocepho
Weber ...0iick cagags cate dweesse Retake bee vie
XLIV. Diatoms of the genera Amphora, Achnanthes, and Dimeregramn a. 4
XLY. Diatoms of the genera Actinoptychus, Asteromphalus, and § Ste) e I-
REIODYSIS en Janek ot hohe ns eens oon ep - sate
XLVI. Diatoms of the genus Biddulphia .................--.-- wien
XLVII. Diatoms of the genus Biddulphia ................--.-- S:
XLVIII. Diatoms of the genus Coscinodiscus ............---..--- :
XLIX. Diatoms of the genus Coscinodiscus ............--.....----
L. Diatoms of several-gemera ....-.....<J..5005.t esl eee
LI. Diatoms of the genera Melosira, Campylodiscus, and Trigoni
LII. Diatoms of the genera Plagiogramma and Navicula..-..--- ae +
. LIII. Diatoms of the genus Navicula.............-.-.--------- heme
LIV. Diatoms of the genus Tripodiscus ...........--.------.-- anche
LV. Asplenium salicifolium(< 2.75. «23. --.4-¢-5+ 00s sone ee
LVI. Aspleninm, Diplazium, Holodictyum...............-.---.-- oot
TEXT FIGURES.
Pia. 1. Beaucarnea quatemalensis. _.: - 205 ites Sok Wee ee ones eee seeeee
‘ 2. Beaucarned tnermis oo scc dc eas wes came ngs ese Seca eee -
23 8. Dasylirion quadrangulatum ... .. =~. -2- == essa: oon ance setae seeeeeee
“y 4. Calibanus caespitosus .....+---------=----- +--+ 222-22 eee e eee e cence
: 5. Nolina altamiranoa .....-..------- ab kee 2 05 we wep apatite ae
* B... Nolina elegana. ois. «1 sos ens ewe sees sae e ee ae nn =4
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NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME X, PART ]

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES
OF FESTUCA

mw Me ARLES VV. PIPER

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906

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PREFACE.

The revisions of genera, descriptions of new species, and other
systematic papers on grasses emanating from the Office of the Agros-
tologist of the Department of Agriculture have heretofore been
published as Bulletins of the Bureau of Plant Industry in that Depart-
ment. In view, however, of the transfer of the grass herbarium to the
Office of the Botanist, the Agrostologist has suggested that the accom-
panying manuscript entitled ** North American Species of Festuca,”
by Professor Charles V. Piper, be published in the series of Contribu-
tions from the United States National Herbarium. This suggestion
has been adopted. The author of the manuscript regrets that it was
not possible to consult all the type specimens of the American spe-
cies, several of which are in European herbaria, but he considered it
preferable to offer his work for publication now rather than to delay
it indefinitely.

FREDERICK V. COVILLE,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.

III

CORIEN ES:

EE Stee AS a2 ei So eee she ee eee eee wee St
IE ELS eee er ee ee See os PR i le
rn 5 Oat 2a ae ee ea ee a
a ea
Previously published illustrations of North American Festucas ..-......---
enn ee nM MEAPNND 8222 POR 2 2 Sn A on ec cee dee

Synopsis of United States and Canadian species ..-......----------.---------

I EP URES 2 = es Re as See ee

IL

LUSTRATIONS:

Puate I. Fesluca confusa Piper. ....... 222.21 454.22 is55i el eee 13
Il. Festuca ertolepie Desy .... «2 202s ecus= 5... cs rdheaeeee eee 14
Ill. Festuca grayi (Abrams) Piper. =.............<sdpe0 ese eee 14
IV. Festuca reflexa Buck] .... 2... 22.2205: -00 seer eeece 2c ae ee 15
V. Festuca megalura Nutt . -..-.----.«-4-.-+--22-eee eee ee ee 17
VI. Festuca bromotdes Ly 222222. ooo 2 2c - eS owe ee 18
VII. Festuca sciurea Nutt. 2.2.2.2. J. 2 ce bee oe oe 19
VIII. Festuca occidentalis Hook. 2. 2. .92i.- 2=2chpee as beencese eee 24
TX. Festuca howellat Vasey « «~ 20 20-2222 2. a-<'0s o-5 os bat ope oe 31
X.. Festuca aristilata (Torr. ) Shear... -.....-2.2+<--<++-5meeee 32
XI. Festuca thurberi Vasey ....-. <2. -.-2-<-«-4--4>++3<deeee nee ee 33
XII. Festuca johnsoni Vasey...-..-.-----0---+--=ven-<- 5-91 0ce ee 35
XIII. Festuca subultflora Seribner - . .- 23. 25.4.--15 0.50.2 Sane 36
XIV. Festuca elmeri Seribn: & Merrill o. ..2...........-...£. cS 37
XV. Festuca confinis Vasey. 2... <-/.522%< vide ns» in-nbus aeiccenee ene 41

VI

—

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA,

By CuHares V. PIPER.

INTRODUCTION.

This treatment of the North American species of Festuca is based
primarily on the material in the National Herbarium, but through the
courtesy of those having the collections in charge, we have been able
to examine the material in the Gray Herbarium, the New York Botan-
ical Garden, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the
California Academy of Sciences, the Michigan Agricultural College,
and the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada. To all of
these grateful acknowledgment is made.

We have taken especial care to point out clearly the material basis
for our interpretations of the various species that have been proposed.
In the cases of Festuca ovina and Festuca rubra reliance is placed
mainly on the classic work of Hackel in his Monographia Festucarum
Europaearum, aided by a fine series of authentic specimens distributed
by him. It is worthy of note that of the 30 native species of the
genus in North America, here recognized, 3 have been collected but
once, 2 others but twice, and a sixth species, /* rigescens, has been
found but once north of South America. We have cited specimens
only for special reasons, and have usually included only specimens of
historic interest, or from numbered sets generally distributed.

HISTORY OF THE GENUS.

The name Festuca first appears in botanical literature, according to
Trinius, in Dodoens’s work entitled ** Stirpium historiae pemptades sex,
sive libri XXX Antwerpiae, ex officina Christophori Plantini,” pub-
lished in 1583. Dodoens’s plant ‘**/?stuca altera”™ is, according to
Trinius, Bromus secalinus L. Later pre-Linnean authors used the
name in various ways, mostly, however, for species of Bromus.

In the first edition of the Genera Plantarum, 1737, Linnus cites
two plates, namely, Dillenius, Catalogus Plantarum, plate 3, which is
evidently some species of Bromus, and Scheuchzer, plate 5, figures

l

2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

13 to 16, inclusive, which represent, respectively, Bromus erectus,
B. sterilis, B. arvensis, B. asper, Festuca gigantea, and F. elatior.

In the fifth edition of the same work, 1754, the description, with a
few very insignificant changes, is the same as in the first edition, but
the citations of Dillenius and of Scheuchzer are omitted.

In the first edition of Linneeus’s Species Plantarum, 1753, from
which the genus must by common acceptation date, eleven species are
described in the following sequence: /. ovina, /. duriuseula, F.
rubra, F. amethystina, F. myuros, F. maritima, F. decumbens, F.
elatior, I. fluitans, and /. cristata.

Of these species /. decumbens is the type of the genus Sieglingia of
Bernhardi; /. flustans is Panieularia fluitans Kuntze, and J. eristata
is the type of the genus Koeleria of Persoon.

The remaining species are generally included by authors in the genus
Festuca, so that whether we accept the first species, /. ovina, as the
type of the genus, or follow the historic method of residues, the result
in this genus is practically the same.

Numerous other genera have, however, been proposed for species
usually included in, or first referred to, Festuca. Chronologically con-
sidered these are as follows:

Vulpia Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1805.
Only one species included, |. mywros (Festuca myuros L.).

?

Schedonorus Beauy. Agrost. 99. 1812. (Spelled ‘‘Schenodorus’’ in the index of

the same work. )

Based on seven species, of which the first is Festuca elatior L.
Beauvois’ plate also seems to be of this species, but if so it is very
faulty.

Sclerochloa Beauy. Agrost. 97, 177. 1812.

Based on Poa dura L., Poa procumbens Schreb., and Poa divaricata
Beauy., all of which are nomina nuda, though ** Poa dura L.” (Cyno-
surus durus li.) is evidently an error for Poa dura Scop. Beauvois
figures S. dura.

Technically, perhaps, Sclerochloa is not published by Beauvois, in
which view the genus would date from Beauvois in Reichenbach, Icones
Florae Germanicae 1: 23. 1834, where the first species is likewise
S. dura.

This genus is generally accepted.

Tragus Panzer, Denkschr. Acad. Munch. 1818: 296. 1814.

Nine species were included by the author, none of which are figured.
The first in position is 7. elatior (Festuca elatior L.).
There is an older Tragus of Haller, 1768.

PIPER—MNORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA S

Mygalurus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 92. 1821.

Six species included, none figured, all annuals, of which the first,

M. caudatus, is Festuca myuros lL.
De|s|mazeria Dumort. Comm. Bot. 26. 1522.

One species, D. sicula, based on Poa sicula Jacq.
Chloammia Raf. Neogenyt. 4. 1825.

Two species cited, namely, Festuca tenella and F. bromoides. The
** Kestuca bromoides” of Michaux which is F’. tenella Willd. is prob-
ably intended.

Dasiola Raf. Neogenyt. 4. 1825.

Based on Festuca monandra Ell. (Dastola eliotea Raf.). This is
in all probability Festuca sciurea Nutt.
Nardurus Reichenb.

Incidentally mentioned under Brachypodium tenellum Beauy. in
Flora Germanica Excursoria 19. 1830, but apparently first properly
published in Godron, Flore de Lorraine 3: L87. 1844.

Godron included two species in this sequence, Wardurus tenellus,
generally known as Festuca unilateralis Schrad. and V. lachenal7/,
usually called Festuca lachenalii Spenn.

Bucetum Parnell, Grasses of Scotland 8, 104. 1842.

Four species were included in the following sequence: £2. /ol//aceum,
L. pratense, B. elatius, and BL. giganteum. These are respectively
Festuca loliacea, F. elatior, F. clatior, and F. gigantea. The first is
Festuca loliacea Curtis, a hybrid between Festuca elatior and Lolium
perenne. The species are all figured in the above sequence.
Micropyrum Link, Linnaea 17: 397. 1843.

Based on the single species J/. tenellum Link, which is based on
Triticum tenellum lL. (Festuca lachenalii Spenn.).

Festucaria Link, Linnaea 17: 398. 1843.

Two species included, neither figured, /estucaria tenutcula and F.
psilantha, both of which are now considered subspecies of F?stuci
unilaterulis Schrad. The name Festucaria has also been used for a
genus based on Festuca fluitans L. by Heister in Fabr. Enum. ed. 2,
373. 1763.

Catapodium Link, Linnaea 17: 398. 1843.
Based on 7Zriticum loliaceum Smith (Poa loliacea Huds.).

This genus is reduced to Festuca by Bentham and Hooker, but main-
tained by Hackel.

Scleropoa Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 431. 1844.

One species, S. r/gida Griseb., based on Poa rigida L.

Maintained as a genus by many authors, reduced to Festuca by
others.

4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Castellia Tineo, Pl. Rar. Sic. 2: 17. 1846.

Based on a single species, C. tuberculata Tineo, which is Festuca
tuberculosa (Moris) Richter.

Ctenopsis De Notaris, Ind. Sem. Hort. Gen. 352. 1847.

A single species, ©. pectinella De Notaris. (Festuca pectinella
Delile.). Retained as a genus by Bentham and Hooker, but reduced
to Festuca by Hackel.

Leucopoa Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 383. 1853.

One species, LZ. s/irica Griseb. Bentham and Hooker reduce this
to Poa, and Hackel to Festuca.

The species is clearly closely related to the West American Poas of
the fendleriana group. Its only distinctive character is the awn-like
excurrent midrib of the lemma, which character is approached by Poa
subaristata Scribner. The genus, if not maintained, belongs with Poa
and not with Festuca. .

Amphigenes Janka, Linnaea 30: 619. 1860.

Based on /vstuca carpathica Dietr.
Prosphysis Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 67. 1867.

The author quotes Nardurus Reichenb. as a synonym and includes
but one species, ?. tenellus, based on Nardurus tenellus Reichenb.
This plant is considered by Ascherson and Graebner to be the same as
Festuca maritima
Synaphne Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 90. 1867.

The only species is S. rigida (Scleropoarigida Griseb. )
Distomomischus Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 91. 1867.

The author quotes Vulpia Gmel. as a synonym and includes four
species in this sequence: J). sciwroides (Festuca sciuroides Roth), D.
myuros (Festuca myuros \.), D. etliatus (Festuca ciliata Danth.) and
D. subunighumis (Festuca bromoides i.). None of these species are
figured.

Drymonaetes Ehrh.

This name occurs in Ehrhart, Beitriige 4: 147. 1789, but is first
technically published as a genus in a paper by Fourreau, Ann. Soe.
Linn. Lyon n. s. 17: 187. 1869. The only species is based on Festuca
gigantea (1.) Vill. ;
Loretia Duval-Jouve, Rey. Sci. Nat. II. 2: 38. 1880.

Four species were described by the author as belonging to this
genus, arranged as follows: Loretia setacea based on Festuca setacea
Guss.; L. ¢nerassata based on Bromus incrassatus Lam.; L. geniculata
based on Bromus geniculatus li.; and L. ligustica based on Bromus
ligusticus All. No figures are published by Duval-Jouve, but he cites
plates for each of the above species.

<}

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUOA. 5

Helleria Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 128. 1886.

Based on Bromus lividus H. B. K. (Festuca livida Willd.). Included
in Festuca by Bentham and Hooker and by Hackel.

An examination of the list of names shows that seven genera have
been proposed for varying groups of perennial Festucas (excluding
Leucopoa), and that fifteen names have been proposed for varying
groups of the annual species. Of the former class none has received
wide acceptation. In regard to the latter class there has been much
difference of opinion.

In the great modern works on plant genera the following views are
maintained: Hackel, in Engler and Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien, recog-
nizes Festuca, Sclerochloa, Catapodium, and Scleropoa as distinct,
merging the remaining proposed genera, including Ctenopsis and
Leucopoa, into Festuca. Bentham and Hooker include Catapodium
and Scleropoa in Festuca, unite Leucopoa with Poa, but maintain
Sclerochloa and Ctenopsis. Baillon follows Bentham and Hooker.

Atropis (Puccinellia) is maintained as a genus. by Hackel, but
reduced to a section of Glyceria (Panicularia) by Bentham and Hooker
and by Baillon. Ascherson and Graebner, in their recent treatment
in Synopsis der Mitteleuropiiischen Flora, unite Atropis with Festuca,
into which they also merge Sphenopus and Cutandia.

We accept Hackel’s delimitation of the genus, but exclude Leucopoa.

DISTRIBUTION.

The genus Festuca is represented in all parts of the world, but prin-
cipally in temperate or mountain regions. In Europe there are, accord-
ing to Hackel,“ 28 perennial species, but ona different species concept
Richter’ increases this number to 103. The European annual species
number about 26.

In North America we recognize 22 perennial and 12 annual species,
two of each group introduced from Europe. In Mexico there are about
10 additional perennials, and in the remaining parts of tropical North
America a few others.

Excluding known synonyms there are still accredited to Asia about
32 species, to Africa about 43 species, to Australasia about 10 species,
and to South America about 75 species. It is altogether probable that
many of these are synonyms.

« Monographia Festucarum Europaearum.
> Plantae Europaeae.

6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NAT(ONAL HERBARIUM.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE.

Several of the species of Festuca are of high agricultural value, both
for grazing and for meadows. Among the former perhaps the most
important is /estuca ovina, the sheep fescue, and its numerous sub-
species, some of which are found native in most parts of the world.
The most valuable American grass of this group is probably Festuca
ovina ingrata Hackel, the ‘*blue bunch grass” of stockmen, which
ranges from British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado.
In parts of the range country, notably the Columbia Basin, it is con-
sidered the second best of the range grasses. In Arizona and New
Mexico this grass is replaced by the larger and coarser, but not less
nutritious, Arizona bunch grass, /. ovina arizonica (Vasey) Hack.
Other subspecies of Festuca ovina occur in alpine and subarctic
regions, and furnish more or less abundant forage.

festuca rubra li, the ved fescue, occurs in abundance along both
sea coasts in sandy soil, and in the West is plentiful in the mountains
at low altitudes. In restricted areas it is an important forage grass.

Festuca altaica Trin. is abundant in Alaska, often covering large
areas with its large tussocks. From very limited experience with it
this grass seems to be quite as nutritious as its near allies.

Festuca viridula Vasey is the most nutritious grass in the mountain
parks of the Cascade, Blue, and Bitter Root mountains. It often
occupies large areas in nearly pure growth. Unfortunately it is
unable to withstand severe grazing, and consequently where sheep
have been herded this grass has well-nigh disappeared.

The annual species, especially /estuca octoflora, are of considerable
value in semiarid grazing regions. They spring up very quickly when
the rainy season begins in the fall, furnishing grazing when nothing
else is available, and again in early spring they provide the first green
forage.

Festuca elatior Li., the tall fescue, a European species, is very valu-
able as a hay and pasture grass, but in this country is little grown
as yet, except in the eastern portion of Kansas and Nebraska. A
smaller form of it, the meadow fescue, used only in pastures and
lawns, is sometimes known in this country as English bluegrass, or,
technically, as F¢stuca pratens/s Huds. or Festuca elatior pratensis Gray.
According to the best European authorities, however, /. elatior L.
and F. pratensis Huds. are exactly identical, so that, whatever be the
distinction of the two forms agriculturally, the botanical names both
belong with tall fescue.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA.

PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ILLUSTRATIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN
FESTUCAS.

I. In Bulletins of the Division of Agrostology:

Festuca dasyclada, Bulletin 17, Figure 576
Festuca elatior, as Festuca elatior pratensis, 7, 288
Festuca elatior arundinacea, 3. 4?
14, 45

7, 287

Festuca subulata, as F. jonesii, Ey, S75
Festuca confinis, all as F. kingii, 5, 12
12, 23

13, 19

17, 573

Festuca pacifica, as F. microstachys, 17, 578
Festuca myuros, 17, 581
Festuca shortii, as F. obtusa, ive N74
Festuca octoflora, 17, 580
Festuca ovina, 5, Za
yf A777

12, 7

Festuca rubra, 5, 28
Festuca rubra glaucescens, a 3
14, 46

7, 289

Festuca hallii, all as F. scabrella, 3, 44
5, 14

14, 47

Festuca sciurea, iY; 579

Il. In Illustrations of North American Grasses, Bulletin 13, Divi-
sion of Botany: “

Festuca pacifica, as F. microstachys, Plate 91
Festuca altaica, as F. subulata, 92
Festuca viridula, 93

Ill. In Agricultural Grasses and Forage Plants of the United States,
Special Bulletin, Division of Botany, 1889:'

Festuca. elatior, Plate 81
Festuca ovina, 82
Festuca hallii, as F. scabrella, 83
IV. In Britton & Brown, Llustrated Flora:
Festuca octoflora, Figure 497
Festuca myuros, 498
Festuca rubra, 499
Festuca ovina, 500
Festuca scabrella, (=?) 501
Festuca elatior, 502
Festuca shortii, 503
Festuca obtusa (as nutans), 504
VY. Tenth Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. :

Festuca rigescens, Plate 43

@U.8. Department of Agriculture.

8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY.

We have taken the liberty to introduce the word /emma® to apply: to
the ** lower palet” or ** outer palet” or ** flowering glume” of authors,
restricting the word ** glume” to the **empty glumes.” This is done
purely for a practical reason, namely, to avoid the constant use of
phrases for the members of the grass spikelet most used in technical
descriptions.

The only other attempt to apply a single-word term to the *‘ flowering
glume” we have noticed is the word ** floriglume,” proposed by Prof.
George Macloskie in volume 8 of the Report of the Princeton Univer-
sity Expedition to Patagonia. This term seems to us objectionable,
because it is likely to lead to confusion with the word ‘‘ glume,” as
applied to both empty glumes. The so-called third empty glume of
some grasses is really a sterile lemma.

The use of a single distinctive name for each part of the grass spike-
let seems much preferable to the employment of such general terms
as bracts, bractlets, and scales.

SYNOPSIS OF UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN SPECIES.

FESTUCA L.

Festuca L. Sp. Pl. 1: 73. 1758.

Spikelets 2 to many-flowered, variously paniculate or sometimes racemose; rachilla
articulate at the joints and above the glumes; florets all perfect, or the uppermost
staminate; glumes 2, persisting, carinate, unequal or subequal, the lowest 1-nerved
(rarely 3-nerved), the upper larger and 3-nerved (rarely 5-nerved); lemma lanceo-
late, usually narrow, commonly aristate, always 5-nerved, convex or subcarinate,
firm in texture at least near the base, the apex and margins sometimes scarious, the
callose base smooth or nearly so; palea bicarinate, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, acute,
acuminate, or bidentate at apex, usually about equaling the lemma; lodicules 2, about
as long as the ovary, sometimes entire, usually bifid; stamens 3 in the perennial spe-
cies, in the annuals often reduced to 1; ovary obovate, smooth or hispidulous at apex;
styles very short, distinctly apical; stigmas plumose, the branches toothed; caryop-
sis linear or oblong, glabrous, convex dorsally, sulcate or rarely plane ventrally, often
adhering to the palea; hilum linear.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Subgenus Vutpra. Annuals; stamens usually 1, sometimes 3, rarely becoming
extruded; stigma plumose, the branches toothed, bilateral.

Spikelets densely 5 to 13-flowered; lemma withoutscarious margin. 1. octoflora.
Spikelets loosely 1 to 5, rarely 6-flowered; lemma with narrow
scarious margin. ;

Branches of the short panicle normally divergent, a pulvillus
at the base of at least one of them.
Florets mostly 3 to 5 in each spikelet, only the principal
panicle branches divergent.

aréupa (Aeupar-), husk, scale.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. Q

Spikelets not at all hirsute. 2. pacifica. ¥
Spikelets with glumes only hirsute. 3. confusa.
Spikelets with lemma only hirsute. 4. eriolepis.
Spikelets wholly hirsute. 5. grayi.
Florets mostly 1 to 3 in each spikelet; all the spikelets
divaricate.
Spikelets not at all pubescent. 6. reflexa.
Spikelets with only the lemma pubscent. 7. microstachys.
Spikelets wholly pubescent. 8. eastwoodae.
Branches of the narrow elongated panicle erect or appressed.
First glume one-third to one-half as long as the second.
Lemma not ciliate. Y. myuros.
Lemma ciliate. 10. megalura.
First glume two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the
second.
Lemma smooth or scabrous. ll. bromoides.
Lemma pubescent. 12. sciurea.

Subgenus Evurestuca. Perennials, mostly tufted and never with scaly rootstocks;
stamens 3, protruding in anthesis; stigmas bilaterally plumose, the branches toothed.
Plants densely tuited, or with narrow and involute blades, usually

both; lemma awnless or awned.

Ligule short; collar and auricles not conspicuously bristly, or
tomentose.
Blades not falling away from the sheaths; palea obtuse or
bidentate at apex.
Innovations extravaginal; blades smooth; spikelets
usually more or less glaucous. 13. rubra,
Innovations intravaginal.
Tufts easily separable; blades closely involute;
pulvilli none or faintly developed.
Awns longer than the membranous lemmas;
blades soft, suleate; ovary hispidulous at
apex. 14. occidentalis.
Awns not longer than the coriaceous lemmas;
ovary glabrous.
Blades various, but when hard the
lemma awned. 15. ovina.
Blades smooth, firm, rigid; lemma awn-
less. 16. rigescens.
Tufts separable with difficulty; blades narrow,
loosely involute or flat; lemma thin; a pulvil-
lus at the base of each ray.
Lemma smooth, usually awnless, sometimes
awn-pointed. 17. viridula.
Lemma scabrous-puberulent, short-awned. 18. howellii.
eta at length falling away from the persisting sheaths;
palea notched at apex.
Panicle rays spreading; spikelets shining; culm and
loosely inyolute green blades smooth or nearly so. 19. altaica.
Panicle rays erect or becoming so; spikelets dull;
culm and closely involute glaucescent blades usu-

ally very scabrous. 20. hallii.
Ligule short, ciliate; collar and auricles tomentose or bristly. 21. aristulata.
Ligule 4 to9 mm. long, scarious. 22. thurberi.
=

10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Plants less densely tufted; leaves flat, green, membranaceous.
Lemma indurated, not at all keeled.
Spikelets 5 to 10-flowered; lemma awnless or rarely short
awned.
Spikelets 3 to 6-flowered; lemma awnless.
Glumes scarious-margined, much shorter than the
lemma; lemma not acuminate.
Lemma acute; spikelets loosely scattered.
Lemma obtuse; spikelets somewhat aggregated.
Glumes without scarious margins, nearly as long as
the lemma; lemma acuminate.
Spikelets glaucous, loosely 4 to 6-flowered; lemma
often with a short awn; sheaths smooth.
Spikelets green, closely 2 to 3-flowered; empty
glumes scabrous; sheaths short-pubescent.
Lemma awned, membranaceous, indurated only near the base
and keeled at least above the middle.
Floret long-stipitate at base; awn terminal.
Floret not stipitate at base.
Lemma plainly 5-nerved; awn from a cleft apex.
Spikelets 5 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 4-flowered.
Panicle branches ciliate; awn shorter than
the lemma.
Panicle branches not ciliate; awn as long or
longer than the lemma.
Spikelets 10 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 7-flowered.
Lemma 5-nerved, the intermediate nerves very ob-
scure; awn terminal.
Awn much shorter than the lemma.
Awn as long as or longer than the lemma.

Subgenus HesprrocHLoa. Perennials, densely tufted but pro-

ducing occasional stout extravaginal scaly stolons; leaf blades
broad, flat, or rarely involute; stamens 3, protruding; stigmas
elongate, the numerous short mostly simple branches arising from
all sides.

A single species.
Subgenus I. Vunpra (Gmel.) Hack.

Vulpia Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1805, as genus.

. élatior.

. obtusa.
25.

shortii.

». versuta,

. johnsoni.

. subuliflora

. dasyclada.

. elmeri.
. gigantea.

2. fratercula.
. subulata.

. confinis.

Vulpia Hack. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2?: 75. 1887, as cabeeaial
Annuals; stamens usually ae 1, sometimes 3; florets usually remaining unopened,
and consequently self-pollinated; joints of the rachilla usually clavate; stigmas plu-

mose, the branches toothed, bilateral.

Many of the species in this subgenus present slight but remarkably constant differ-
ences. In all probability this fact is connected with their close pollination.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 11

1. Festuca octoflora Walt.

Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Car. 81. 1788.

According to Professor A. 8. Hitchcock, there is no specimen to represent this species
in the part of Walters’s herbarium preserved in the British Museum. The brief
original description probably refers to the plant generally understood.

Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1797. ‘‘ Habitat in America boreali.’’ We
have not seen the type.

Festuca setacea Poir. Eneyl. Suppl. 2: 638. 1811. Described from specimens grown
in the Jardin du Val de Grace, France, the original source unknown. We have
not seen the type.

Festuca parviflora Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 170, 1817. We have examined the type of
this in Elliott’s herbarium, and are inclined to consider it an immature shade form
of octoflora. It is worthy of note, however, that all the specimens which match
Elliott’s type are from the Southern States. The type is in possession of the College
of Charleston.

Festuca tenella glauca Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 5: 147. 1834. Type in the herba-
rium of the Philadelphia Academy, collected by Nuttall at Fort Smith, Ark. The
plant is searcely glaucous.

Festuca gracilenta Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 97. 1863. Type from ‘‘northern

Texas.’’ It is exactly the same thing as F. parviflora Ell. The type specimen is in
the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.
Festuca pusilla Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 97. 1863. Type from ‘‘ northern
California,’’ preserved in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy. It is per-
fectly matched by many recent collections from the same region. The awns are
about equal in length to the flowering glumes.

Festuca octoflora aristulata Torr.; L. H. Dewey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 547. 1894.
No type indicated, but the description of ‘‘awns equaling or somewhat exceeding
the florets’’ calls for a different plant from the California specimen of Bigelow to
which Torrey originally applied the name as a nomen nudum.

DESCRIPTION.

Culms slender, erect, sometimes geniculate at base, often tufted, 5 to 40 em. high,
glabrous or retrorsely puberulent, mostly 3-jointed; sheaths glabrous or pubescent,
shorter than the internodes; ligule 0.5 to 1 mm. long, scarious, not decurrent; blades
narrowly linear, involute or rarely flat, soft, erect or ascending, 2 to 10 em. long;
panicle narrow, erect, often reduced to a raceme or spike, 3 to 12 cm. long, some-
times secund; rays mostly solitary, 2 to 4 or sometimes even 8 mm. long, erect, rarely
spreading, 3-angled, usually scabrous; spikelets oval or oblong, 5 to 9, or rarely
13 mm. long, 5 to 13-flowered; joints of the rachilla clavate, 0.5 to 0.7 mm. long;
glumes subulate-lanceolate, the lower l-nerved, 3mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, + mm.
long; lemma firm, convex, lanceolate, from glabrous to very scabrous, obscurely 5-
nerved, 4 to5 mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous straight awn 1 to 7 mm. long;
palea ianceolate, acute, equaling the lemma, the nerves scabrous; stamen 1.

Festuca octoflora ranges throughout the United States, extending northward into
British Columbia and Ontario and southward into lower California. We have seen
no specimens from Mexico or from Central or South America, though it is reported
from Brazil by Doell in Martius’s Flora Brasiliensis as /. tenella Willd.

Thi, species is very variable, as might be expected from its wide range, but for the
most part the characters are too inconstant for nomenclatorial recognition. In Utah
and California occur some puzzling approaches to F. pacifica, but otherwise there is
no danger of confusing it with related species.

12364—06——2

12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

la. Festuca octoflora hirtella subsp. noy.

Flowering glumes hirtellous; foliage more or less pubescent. Type specimen col-
lected by C. L. Shear (no. 1962) in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, April 10,
1901. Other specimens are referred here as follows, viz:

ARIZONA:
Tucson Mountains, (Griffiths 2355.
Tucson, Toumey, April 15, 1894.
Santa Rita Forest Reserve, Griffiths 3815. f
Castle Rock, Griffiths 2333.
NEVADA:
Vegas Wash, Lincoln County, Coville & Funston 419.
CALIFORNIA:
Without locality, Palmer 654.
Without locality, Mrs. Bush.
San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 1530.
Colorado Desert, Orcutt in 1889.
Bishop, M. EF. Jones, May 15, 1897.
Old Wilson Trail, Geo. B. Grant 5419 in part.
Sierra Nevada, Lemmon 4659.
Lower CALIFORNIA:
Mission Santa Gertrudis, Orcutt, March 10, 1899.
Guadalupe Ranch, Oreutt 1432.
Lagoon Head, Palmer 655.

2. Festuca pacifica sp. noy.

Culms slender, erect, or geniculate at base, glabrous, usually 30 to 50 em. high,
3-jointed, solitary or loosely tufted; sheaths glabrous or puberulent, striate, the lower
two about as long as their respective internodes, the upper much shorter than the
peduncle; ligule very short but broader than the blade, decurrent; blades narrowly
linear, very acute, soft, glabrous, loosely involute, 3 to 5.cm. long; panicle more or
less secund, 5 to 12 cm. long; the lower’ branches solitary, divaricate, bearing spike-
lets on the lower side nearly or quite from the base; axis and branchlets sharply
2-angled, somewhat channeled, glabrous; pedicels clavate, flattened, mostly very
short; spikelets 3 to 6-flowered; joints of the rachilla cylindric, scabrous; lower
glume subulate-lanceolate, l-nerved, glabrous, 4 mm. long; upper glume lanceolate-
acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous, 5 mm. long; lemma lanceolate, scabrous excepting
in the lowermost floret (this smooth), 6 to 7 mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous
awn 10 to 15 mm. long; palea lanceolate, longer than the lemma, the inflexed sides
half as wide as the scabrous internerve, the scabrous acuminate apex readily split-
ting into two awnlike teeth; perfect stamen usually one, sometimes three; grain
dark-colored, lanceolate, deeply grooved, adherent to the glume and palea.

The rachilla readily breaks so that all the florets except the more persistent low-
ermost drop out when mature.

This is the commonest and most widespread species of the microstachys group,
ranging from British Columbia to Lower California and Arizona, but apparently not
occuring east of the Rocky Mountains. The type is Elmer’s 262, collected June 20,
1896, at Pullman, Washington. Figure 91, Vol. II, Illustrations of North American
Grasses, refers mainly to Festuca pacifica, The following collections are representa-
tive of this species:

PLATE |.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

a ——

FESTUCA CONFUSA PIPER.

‘ ‘
Ah | tn patie
— eas

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA, 13

WASHINGTON:
Spokane, Areager 4.
Western Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1139.
Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 472.
Almota, Piper 1925.
Ipano:
Lewiston, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 124.
Lewiston, Heller 3000.
OREGON:
The Dalles, Sheldon 10106.
Harper’s ranch, Malheur County, Leiberg 2074.
Blue Mountains, Griffiths & Hunter 120.
CALIFORNIA:
Yosemite Valley, Bioletti 11.
Crescent City, Davy & Blasdale 5926.
Pine Ridge, Hall & Chandler 298.
San Bernardino, Parish 4674.
San Diego, Oreutt 1174.
\NEVADA:
| Trinity Mountains, Watson 1323.
ARIZONA:
Tucson, Toumey in 1892.
LowWER CALIFORNIA:
Guadalupe Ranch, Oreutt, April 6, 1886.

3. Festuca confusa sp. noy.

Habit of F. pacifica, differing in the following particulars: sheaths and blades
pubescent, axis and branches of the panicle ciliate on the angles, spikelets 2 or 3-
flowered; empty glumes hirsute. (Puare I.)

The following specimens have been examined:

WASHINGTON:
Western Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1140 (type).
OREGON:
Grant’s Pass, Howell, May 24, 1884.
Without locality, FE. Hall 639.
CALIFORNIA:
Mount Diablo, H. M. Hall 1737, Brewer 1112, 1142.
Santa Lucia Mountains, Eastwood, May 2, 1897.

E. Hall’s 639 is the plant mentioned by Doctor Gray as Festuca microstachys ciliata
(nomen nudum) in Proceedings of the American Academy 8: 410. It is not the
plant so named and described by Beal, Grasses of North America 2: 585.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from type specimen 1140 Suksdorf, Western Klickitat County,
Washington. Plant one-half natural size; spikelets and dissections enlarged five times.

4. Festuca eriolepis Desy.

Festuca eriolepis Desy. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 428. 1853. *‘ En los campos de la
Serena y en Argueros,’’ Chile.

Festuca arida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 52. 1903. Type collected at North Yakima,
Washington, by L. F. Henderson, no. 2196. A duplicate in the National Herbarium.

We have seen only one Chilean specimen, but this, together with the long descrip-
tion of Desvaux, leaves no doubt that arida must be reduced to synonymy.

14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

DESCRIPTION,

Culms erect or decumbent at base, 10 to 30 cm. high, 2 or 3-jointed, loosely tufted;
sheaths glabrous or pubescent, the lower inflated in dwarf plants and nearly as long
as the internodes; ligule very short; blades soft, narrowly linear, loosely involute,
glabrous or somewhat pubescent, 2 to 8 em. long, erect or ascending; panicle 2 to 7
cm. long, erect, narrow, the rays at length divaricate; rays solitary, scabrous on the
prominent angles; spikelets 3 to 5-flowered, 10 to 13 mm. long; joints of the rachilla
7 mm. long, cylindric, hairy; glumes lanceolate, glabrous, or the midnerve scabrous
above, the lower 6 to 7 mm. long, l-nerved, or at maturity with a pair of lateral
nerves at base, the upper 3-nerved, 6.5 to 7.5 mm. long; lemma lanceolate, densely
villous, 6 to 7 mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous awn nearly as long; palea as long
as the lemma, lanceolate, the scabrous nerves meeting in the acuminate apex, the
intlexed sides about one-fourth as wide as the internerve; stamen 1. (Plate II.)

The following specimens are referable here

WASHINGTON:
Coulee City, Piper 3915.
North Yakima, Henderson 2196.
NEVADA:
Reno, Hillman, May, 1899; Tracy 246.
Smoke Creek, Griffiths & Hunter 514.
CALIFORNIA:
Truckee, Sonne 7.
Ukiah, Bolander 6118.
Blue Lake to Jess Valley, Griffiths & Hunter 406.
Castella, Piper 6346.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Right-hand plant drawn from Henderson 2196, North Yakima, Washing-

ton, whence also details; left-hand plant from Piper 3915, Coulee City, Washington. Plants one-
half natural size; details enlarged five times.

5. Festuca grayi (Abrams).

Festuca microstachys ciliata Gray in Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 585. 1896. This is
based on specimens collected by Howell at Grants Pass, Oregon, May 24, 1884.
This collection is a mixture of F. confusa and F. grayi, but Beal’s description refers
clearly to the plant with pubescent lemmas. The type is in the herbarium of the
Michigan Agricultural College; a duplicate in the National Herbarium.

Festuca microstachys grayi Abrams, Flora Los Angeles 52. 1904. Based on Festuca
microstachys ciliata Gray.

The name ciliata is preoccupied in Festuca ciliata Danth., 1805.

DESCRIPTION.

Habit of Festuca pacifica, but somewhat stouter; sheaths and sometimes the blades
pubescent. Inflorescence pubescent or puberulent throughout. Spikelets 3 to 5-
flowered. (Puare III.)

The following specimens have been examined:

OREGON:
Grants Pass, Howell, May 24, 1884 (in part), (type of F. microstachys ciliata
Gray in Beal).
CALIFORNIA:
New York Falls, Amador County, Hansen 632.
Ojai Valley, Hubby 40.
Pasadena, Allen, March 31, 1885.
Santa Lucia Mountains, Eastwood, May, 1897.
Geysers, Bolander 37.
Napa Valley, Bigelow.
Laguna, Schoenfeldt 3634.

ye
one at.

PLATE Il.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

FESTUCA ERIOLEPIS DESvV.

:Y
=

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X PLATE III.

FESTUCA GRAY! (ABRAMS) PIPER.

—

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

FESTUCA REFLEXA BUCKL.

a |

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. Lt

ARIZONA:
Santa Catalina Mountains, Shear 1963.
Tucson, Towmey, in 1892.
Pima Canyon, Griffiths & Shear 2621.
Sabenio Canyon, Griffiths 2533.
A specimen collected at Los Angeles, California, by Dr. H. kK. Hasse in 1888 is
quite intermediate between gray: and pacifica.,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from Pringle’s specimens from the Santa Catalina Mountains,
Arizona (April 19, 1884). Plant one-half natural size; spikelet and dissections enlarged five times.

6. Festuca reflexa Buckl.

Festuca refleca Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1863. Type in the herbarium
of the Philadelphia Academy, collected by Nuttall in ‘‘ Upper California.”’
Festuca microstachys paucifiora Scribner in Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 586. 1896.

DESCRIPTION.

Culms erect, simple or few in a tuft, 20 to 50 em. high, glabrous, 3-jointed; sheaths
smooth or pubescent, the lower about as long as the internodes; ligule very short,
membranaceous, truncate; blades narrowly linear, flat or loosely involute, 2 to 10 em.
long; panicle 5 to 12 cm. long, the rays solitary, these and the spikelets all at length
divaricate; spikelets 1 to 3, or rarely 4 or 5-flowered, 5 to 7 mm. long; glumes gla-
brous, the lower subulate, 1-nerved, 2.5 to 4mm. long, the upper lanceolate, acute,
3-nerved, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; lemma lanceolate, convex, 3-nerved above, glabrous or
more or less scabrous, 4.5 to 6 mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous awn 2 to 12
(usually 5 to 8) mm. long; palea lanceolate, the two hispidulous nerves meeting
at the acuminate apex, the inflexed sides narrow, the internerve scaberulous.
(PLaTE IV.)

This species isabundant throughout California, extending sparingly into Utah and
western Oregon. Also on Vancouver Island, Macown. Occasional specimens ap-
proach F. pacifica closely.

The following collections are representative:

NEVADA:
Mica Mine, M. EF. Jones 5072 K.
CALIFORNIA:
Bakersfield, Davy 1898.
San Diego, Orcutt 1073.
Panamint Mountains, Coville & Funston 775.
Mendocino County, Blankinship 57.
Berkeley, Michener & Bioletti 102.
Mount Diablo, Brewer 1077.
Uran:
Santa Clara Valley, M. EF. Jones 5139 vy.
Silver Reef, WM. EF. Jones 5163 aq.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Taller drawing represents 71 Brandegee, Santa Inez Mountains, Cali-

fornia; the shorter one, Brewer 1077, Mount Diablo, California, the details from the former. Plant
one-half natural size; spikelets and dissections enlarged five times.

7. Festuca microstachys Nutt.

Festuca microstachys Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. s. 1: 187. 1847. ‘* Pueblo de los
Angeles, Upper California.’’

We have been unable to locate Nuttall’s type specimen. It is not at Kew nor in
the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. Nuttall’s description, however, is so com-
plete that it is hardly possible to mistake the plant.

16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
- DESCRIPTION,

Stems erect, glabrous, 20 to 50 cm. high, 2 or 3-jointed; sheaths smooth or pubes-
cent, the lower nearly equaling the internodes; ligule nearly obsolete; blades flat or
loosely involute, narrowly linear, glabrous or pubescent, 3 to 10 cm. long; panicle
erect, 4 to 10 em. long, the solitary rays and the spikelets all at length divaricate;
spikelets 1 to 3-flowered, 5 to 7 cm. long; glumes unequal, the lower subulate,
l-nerved, 3 to 4: mm. long, the upper lanceolate, 3-nerved, 4 to 5 mm. long; lemma
lanceolate, convex, 4 to 6 mm. long, pubescent, attenuate into a scabrous awn as
long or shorter; palea acuminate, equaling the lemma.

The following specimens have been examined:

OREGON:
Grave Creek, Howell, May 20, 1884 (in part).
CALIFORNIA:
Salt Creek, Tulare County, Hastwood, May, 1894.
South Pasadena, Allen, April 4, 1885.
Napa City, Jepson, April, 1893.
Lake County, Blankinship, June 3, 1893.

Ss. Festuca eastwoodae sp. noy.

Culm erect, glabrous, 4-jointed, 30 cm. high; lower sheaths equaling or exceeding
their respective internodes, puberulent or glabrous; ligule very short; blades soft,
loosely involute, sharply acute, puberulent or glabrous; panicle open, 10 em. long,
pubescent throughout; rays and spikelets all divaricate; glumes lanceolate, the lower
l-nerved, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 3.5 mm. long, hirsute; lemma
lanceolate, hirsute, 4 or 5 mm. long, tipped with a straight scabrous awn as long or
longer.

Collected by Miss Alice Eastwood, May, 1897, at Milpitas ranch, Santa Lucia
Mountains, Monterey County, California, and by an unknown collector at Voleano,
May, 1886.

Differs from F. microstachys Nutt. essentially in its hirsute glumes.

4. Festuca myuros L.
Festuca myuros L. Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753. ‘‘Habitat in Anglia, Italia.”’
DESCRIPTION,

Stems erect, sometimes geniculate at base, solitary or forming small tufts, usually
20 to 60 cm. high, glabrous, 3-jointed, usually completely concealed by the sheaths;
sheaths always smooth, exceeding the internodes; ligule very short, truncate; blades
smooth, linear, involute or rarely flat; panicle long and narrow, 7 to 20 em. long,
the branches appressed, the tips usually bending over; rays solitary; spikelets pale
green, 4 or 5-flowered, 8 to 11 mm. long, on stalks 1 to 2 mm. long; joints of the
rachilla cylindric, smooth; glumes glabrous, very unequal, the lower 1-nerved, 1.5
to 2 mm. long, the upper 4 to 5 mm. long, with two small lateral nerves; lemma
linear-lanceolate, obscurely 5-nerved, scabrous above, not ciliate, attenuate at apex
into a scabrous awn about twice its length; palea lanceolate, shorter than the lemma,
the nerves hispidulous; stamen 1.

This European plant is commonly introduced in the eastern United States, but as
yet it is rare in the interior and on the Pacific slope. Indistinguishable from it so
far as we can see is the South American Festuca muralis Kunth, Syn. Pl. 218. 1822.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

Se ee ; =
— = — = _ = =
—e
S— a |

ef a / . SES
4 yy oe

we
at,

(®

me

~~
i
ae
| a

FESTUCA MEGALURA NuTT.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. |

Kunth himself first referred this plant to /. myuros L. (H. B. K. Noy. Gen. et Sp.1:
155.), remarking: ‘‘Non video quo charactere distinguenda sit a Festuco myuro
Linn.?’’ Nevertheless, he later names the plant / muratis, without pointing out
wherein it differed. Kunth’s figure in H. B. K. shows no character whatever by
which his plant can be differentiated from /. myuros. The interesting question at once
arises as to whether Kunth’s plant is native or not. His type came from garden
walls in Quito, Ecuador, and might well have been introduced there prior to 1815.
The question is somewhat complicated by Jameson’s no. 232, also collected at Quito
in 1856, in sandy places and on garden walls. The sheet of this number in the Gray
Herbarium is a mixture of myuros and megalura. It is hardly possible that Kunth’s
type can be the latter species, as he would surely have noticed the bristly cilia, espe-
cially as he was trying to differentiate his plant from F. myuros. As both the species
grow at Quito, it will require an examination of Kunth’s type to settle definitely
what his F. muralis is, but it is altogether probable that it is true /. myuros, and not
F. megalura. It may further be added that the Jameson specimen and one collected
on Mount Iztaccihuatl, Mexico, by Charles Deam (no. 22), are the only American
specimens of F. myuros which we would hesitate to consider introduced.

10. Festuca megalura Nutt.

Festuca megalura Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. s. 1: 188. 1847. Type from Santa
Barbara, Cal., but we have been unable to locate it in any American herbarium, nor
isitin the British Museum. Nuttallian specimens of this species, with a different
unpublished name, are in the Philadelphia Academy and in the British Museum.
Nuttall’s description is so good, however, that there can be no doubt regarding the
plant.

Vulpia myuros hirsuta Hack. Cat. Gram. Port. 24. 1880. Type from Portugal.

Festuca myuros hirsuta Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 558. 1901.

DESCRIPTION.

Very similar in all respects to the preceding species; panicles usually longer; lemma
sparsely ciliate on its upper half. (Plate V.)

This plant is abundant on the Pacific slope from British Columbia and Idaho to
Mexico and Lower California. It also recurs in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
The evidence points very strongly to its being native and not introduced. In
Europe it has been found only in Portugal, and that in comparatively recent years,
so that it is more likely an introduction there than vice versa. It was collected in
British Columbia by Lyall in 1859, in Washington by Doctor Cooper in 1853 and
by Tolmie much earlier, in California by Gambell before 1847, in Nevada by Ander-
son in 1865, in Ecuador by Jameson in 1856, in Peru by the Wilkes expedition in
1839, and in Chile by Gay about 1850. This widespread range along the Pacific
slope of both North and South America at such early dates, taken in contrast with
its very local distribution in Europe, points to its being a West American native.
Nevertheless, in eastern Washington and Idaho it is a plant of very recent introduc-
tion, and in its rapid spread behaves like many weedy plants of undoubted European
origin.

Most of the South American specimens referred to Festuca muralis Kunth belong
to F. megalura, and authentic material from Gay shows that such was the case with
the specimens on which the F. muralis of the Flora Chilensis was based.

The character by which megalura is distinguished from myuros is very slight, but
surprisingly constant. It has been mistaken by some recent California collectors for
the European Festuca ciliata Danth. (F. myuros ciliata Cosson).

18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEBBARIUM,

The following collections are representative:
British CoLuMBIA:
Victoria, Macoun 185.
WASHINGTON:
Clallam County, Elmer 1914.
Seattle, Pipn r 836.
Walla Walla, Shear 1587.
Waitsburg, Horner 557.
IDAHO:
Lewiston, Heller 3232.
Clearwater River, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 291.
OREGON:
Hoover Canyon, Gilliam County, Leiberg 150.
Silverton, Hall 637.
Portland, Sheldon 10505.
CALIFORNIA:
San Bernardino, Parish 4761.
San Francisco, Torrey 576.
San Diego, Brandegee 97.
Monterey, Davy 7245.
Santa Barbara, //mer 3832.
Santa Rosa, Heller 5681.
San Diego, Grant 896a.
Mendocino, Brown 762.
Humboldt Bay, Chandler 1120.
ARIZONA:
Fort Huachuca, Palmer 465.
Mexico:
Foothills of Iztaccihuatl, Deam 22.
Nachoguero Valley, Lower California, Schoenfeldt 3442.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from 150 Leiberg, collected in Oregon. Plant one-half natural
size; details enlarged five times.

ll. Festuca bromoides L.

Festuca bromoides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. ‘‘ Habitat in Anglia, Italia.’’
Festuca sciuroides Roth, Cat. Bot. 2:11. 1800.

DESCRIPTION.

Stems erect, rarely geniculate at base, 10 to 30, rarely 40 cm. high, glabrous,
3-jointed; sheaths smooth, longer than the internodes; ligule very short; blades
linear, glabrous, flat or loosely involute; panicle usually dense, narrow, 5 to 10 em.
long, seldom longer; rays solitary, rather short, appressed; spikelets pale green, 4 or
5-flowered, 9 to 12 mm. long, on stalks 2 to 5mm. long; glumes unequal, the lower
l-nerved, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 6 to 7 mm. long; lemma lanceolate,
scabrous above, 7 to 8 mm. long, attenuate into an awn 10 to 13 mm. long; palea
lanceolate, obtuse at the very apex, the nerves hispidulous; stamen 1. (Plate VI.)

This plant is abundantly introduced on the Pacific coast from Vancouver Island to
southern California, but apparently not elsewhere in North America. The oldest
specimens we have seen bear the date of 1886. Collectors have for the most part
labeled it myuros or microstachys. From the former it is easily distinguished by its
different glumes. Normal forms of /. pacifica are easily distinguished by the divar-
icately branching panicle, but shade or diminutive forms simulate bromoides closely.
The best distinction in such cases is furnished by the palea. In pacifica the inflexed

PLATE VI.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

FESTUCA BROMOIDES L.

—

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

WN y

‘hy

FESTUCA SCIUREA NUTT.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 1Y

sides of the palea are half as wide as the internerve; in /romoides they are much nar-
rower. Furthermore the sheaths of bromoides are always perfectly glabrous; in pacifica
they are often puberulent.
The following are representative collections:
British COLUMBIA:
Vancouver Island, Macown 17, 44.
Nanaimo, Macouwn 186.
WASHINGTON:
Montesano, Heller 3890.
Morrison, Leckenby 104.
Seattle, Howell 203.
Tacoma, Fett 2234 in part.
OREGON:
Portland, Sheldon 10669, 10801.
Seaside, Shear & Scribner 1721.
CALIFORNIA:
Santa Cruz Island, Brandegee 67.
Fort Bragg, Davy 6182.
Marin County, Palmer 2041.
Berkeley, Blankinship 12; Davy 7870.
Santa Rosa, Heller 5221.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from 7870 Davy, Berkeley, California. Plant one-half natural
size; spikelets, details, and dissections enlarged five times.

12. Festuca sciurea Nutt.

Festuca sciurea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Il. 5: 147. 1837. Type in the herba-
rium of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, collected by Nuttall in Arkansas.

There are two older names which in all probability refer to this species. One of
these is F. quadriflora Walt. Fl. Car. 81. 1788. There seems to be no type or
authentic specimen of this in existence, and the brief description of Walter is insufi-
cient. But scivrea seems to be a commoner grass in South Carolina even now than
F. myuros, to which quadriflora is usually referred, and it would seem that Walter
must have known the plant. There is an older Festuca quadriflora Honck., 1782.

The other name is that of F. monandra Ell.¢ Elliott mentions this name under a
description headed Festuca myuros, stating that he once considered his plant distinct
from the latter, adding moreover that ‘‘ the only circumstances which still occasion
any doubt, the hairy corolla and solitary filaments,’’ are omitted by Lamarck in the
description of F. myuros in the Encyclopedie Methodique. Upon Festuca monandra
Ell., Rafinesque founds his Dasiola elliotea, Neogenyt. 4. 1825.

There is no specimen to be found in Elliott’s herbarium labeled either F. myuros
or F. monandra, but his character of hairy corolla points clearly to /. scturea as the
plant he had before him. The other distinctive characters of scivrea, the empty
glumes and small florets, are not brought out in Elliott’s description.

DESCRIPTION.

- Culms erect, slender, glabrous, 15 to 50 em. high, solitary or in small tufts, 2-jointed;
sheaths smooth, shorter than the internodes; ligule scarious, short, truncate; blades
setaceous, soft, involute, | to 10 em. long; panicle narrow, erect, 5 to 20 cm. long;
rays solitary or the lower in twos or threes, smooth, sharply angled; spikelets 4 to
6-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long; glumes smooth, the lower 1l-nerved, 2 mm. long, the

@ Elliott, Bot. 8S. C. & Ga. 1: 170. 1821.

20) CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

upper 3-nerved, 3.5 mm. long; lemma linear-lanceolate, faintly 5-nerved, 3 to 3.5
mm. long, sparsely short-pubescent, attenuate into a slender awn 6 to 11 mm.
long; palea lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, nearly as long as the Jemma, ciliate at
the apex; stamen 1. (P Late VII.)

This species ranges from Norfolk County, Virginia (Kearney), south to Florida,
thence westward to Texas and northward into Arkansas and Indian Territory
(Palmer). |

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from Reverchon’s Texas specimen collectedin 1882. Plant one-
half natural size; details enlarged five times.

Subgenus Il. Eurrsruca Griseb.

Eufestuca Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 482. 1844.
Perennials, often densely tufted; stamens and stigmas projecting during anthesis;
stigmas plumose, the branches toothed, bilateral.

13. Festuca rubra L.

Festuca rubra L. Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753. ‘‘Habitat in Europae pratis siccis.”’

Festuca vallicola Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard; 1: 57. 1900. Type in the Her-
barium of the New York Botanical Garden; a duplicate in the National Herbarium,
collected at Silver Bow, Montana, by Rydberg (no. 2108).

DESCRIPTION.

Stems from elongated or sometimes short creeping rootstocks, in the latter case
somewhat tufted; culms erect, very smooth, 40 to 90 cm. high, 3 or 4-jointed; sheaths
very smooth, shorter than the internodes; ligule scarious, short and truncate; blades
very smooth, soft, the basal ones loosely inyolute, those of the culm typically flat,
but in American forms usually folded or involute; panicle 5 to 20 em. long, usually
contracted and narrow; rays mostly erect, narrow, scabrous on the angles, the lower
ones usually with a short basal branch; spikelets usually 4 to 6-flowered, rarely 10-
flowered, mostly 7 to 8 mm. long, pale green or more or less glaucous, often purple-
tinged; joints of the rachilla smooth; glumes smooth, the lower 1-nerved, shorter
than the 3-nerved upper one; lemma linear-lanceolate, convex, obscurely 5-nerved,
5 to 7 mm. long, smooth or scabrous toward the apex, bearing a scabrous awn rarely
as long, usually about half as long.

Festuca rubra is much less rich in subspecies than is /. ovina, and these subspecies
are for the most part but ill defined. It necessarily results, therefore, that under
the species proper must be grouped plants of somewhat diverse aspect. Indeed, it
may be a more philosophical treatment to reduce most of the subspecies to the spe-
cies, instead of keeping them up as is done by most European botanists. The prob-
lem is complicated by the fact that much of the North American rubra differs from
the typical plant of Europe, more especially in the fact that the culm leaves tend to

be involute rather than flat, in this respect approaching F. rubra trichophylla (Ducros) —

Gaud. This slight difference is surely not sufficient, however, to justify the erection
of a new species for the Rocky Mountain form as proposed by Doctor Rydberg, even
were the character constant, which is not the case.

Festuca rubra ranges in North America along the Atlantic seaboard from Greenland
to Virginia; on the Pacific side it is abundant along the seashore from Alaska to
California, and inland to the Rocky Mountains south as far as Colorado.

The specimens referred to as F. ovina trachyphylla Hack., F. ovina duriuseula (L. )
Hack., F. ovina borderii Hack., F. amethystina L., and F. rubra trichophylla Gaud. by
Doctor Beal in Grasses of North America, clearly are Festuca rubra, Of the speci-
mens referred to F. rubra fallax Hack., the Anderson specimen is F. ovina ingrata
Hack.; the Howell specimen, /. rubra.

——E—————————

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 21
The American forms may be recognized by the following key:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FESTUCA RUBRA,

Spikelets glabrous or merely scaberulous.
Blades of the innovations involute, of the culm flat or folded; panicle not densely
congested.
Leaves and usually the spikelets green.
Florets not proliferous.

eC es aN SOR re oo Ses ae 2 nae ae ene ence ew cs rubra.
Sreoieia ce 10 12inm. long. =... .-.-.. cse--+--- rubra megastachys.
UO AS i a ne rubra prolifera.
Leaves and spikelets glaucescent.-_..........---.-.--.------ rubra glaucodea.,
Blades all plane.

Spikelets green; lemmas lanceolate -........-....-.------- rubra multiflora.

Blades all involute, rather rigid; panicle very dense.
Leaves green; spikelets glabrous or glaucous.-.......----- rubra densiuscula.
Leaves and spikelets very glaucous. ...............-....---- rubra pruinosa.
Spiecicts pubescent with short hairs.................-.-..----.-- rubra kitaibeliana.
Spikelets villous, often somewhat woolly ...........-----.--------- rubra lanuginosa.

13a. Festuca rubra megastachys Gaud.

Festuca rubra megastachys Gaud. Fl. Hely. 1: 287. 1828. Type from Switzerland.
Festuca rubra diversifolia Gaud. op. cit. 288. Type from Switzerland.
Festuca oregona Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 2: 126. 1877. Type specimen in the National
Herbarium from Oregon.
Festuca rubra grandiflora Hack. Mon. Fest. 1389. 1882. Based on F. rubra diversifolia
Gaud.
The following specimens are referred here:
CANADA:
Point Seche, Gaspé, Macoun 37.
New JERSEY:
Absecum, Commons 185.
ALASKA:
Attah Island, Macoun 22806.
British CoLuMBIA:
Nanaimo, Macoun 29682.
WASHINGTON:
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1140.
Klickitat River, Suksdorf 1147.
OREGON:
Sauvies Island, /Zowell, June 15, 1882.

13b. Festuca rubra prolifera subsp. nov.

The plant of the White Mountains which has been referred to F. ovina vivipara L. is
in reality a viviparous form or state of F’. rubra, differing only in its viviparous spike-
lets. It is said to be the only form of the plant occurring in the White Mountains,
and while properly a state rather than a subspecies, may be named as aboye. It
seems surprising that no similar form occurs in Europe.

The type is a specimen in the National Herbarium collected on Mount Washington
by Pringle in 1877. ~ .

22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
l3c. Festuca rubra glaucodea nom. nov.

Festuca glaucescens Hegetschwein & Heer, Fl. Schweiz. 93. 1840. Type locality,
Switzerland. Not F. glaucescens Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 78. 1821, nor F. ovina glaucescens
Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 266. 1813.

Festuca rubra glaucescens Hack. Mon. Fest. 139. 1882.

The following specimens are referred here:

TENNESSEE:
Nashville, Gattinger.
NortH CAROLINA:
Buncombe County, Biltmore Herharium 1848b.
WyomIna:
Johnson County, Williams & Griffiths 177.
OREGON:
MeMinnville, Shear 1771.
Mexico:
Sierra Madre, near Colonia Garcia, Townsend & Barher 114.

13d. Festuca rubra multiflora (Hoffm.) Asch. & Graebn.

Festuca multiflora Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 11: 50. 1800. Type from Germany.
Festuca rubra multiflora Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 499. 1900; op. cit.
Index 43. 1903.
The following specimens are referred here:
MAINE:
Fort Kent, Fernald 2186.
WYOMING:
North Fork Clear Creek, Williams & Griffiths 91, 146, 135a.
CALIFORNIA: .
Without locality, Kellogg & Harford 1118.
Lake Tahoe, Hitchcock, July, 1901.
Bear Valley, Lemmon 5434.
WASHINGTON:
Spangle, Suksdorf 119.

l3e. Festuca rubra densiuscula Hack. subsp. noy.

Leaves all inyolute, smooth, rigid, green; panicle dense, 3 to 5 em. long; spikelets
glabrous, often glaucous.
The following specimens are in the National Herbarium:
CALIFORNIA:
Crescent City, Davy & Blasdale 5931 (type), 5932.
OREGON:
Tillamook Bay, Howell 74.
FRANCE:
Cherbourg, L. Corbiere, June 6, 1886.

13f. Festuca rubra pruinosa Hack.

Festuca rubra pruinosa Hack. in Rep. Bot. Exchange Club Brit. Isles 119. 1884.
Type specimens from the Isle of Skye.

Festuca rubra littoralis Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 607. 1896. Type in herba-
rium Michigan Agricultural College, collected at Tillamook Bay, Oregon, by Howell,
‘fon sand dunes by the sea.’’ A duplicate specimen is in the National Herbarium.

% —_~

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 23

The following specimens have been examined:
CALIFORNIA:
Fort Bragg, Davy & Blasdale 6117.
Point Reyes Peninsula, Davy 6811.
OREGON:
Tillamook Bay, Howel/, July, 1882.

13g. Festuca rubra kitaibeliana (Schultes).

Festuca barbata Schrank, Prim. FI. Salisb. 46. 1792, not L. 1759.

Festuca pubescens Willd.; Link, Enum. 1: 91. 1821, not Zea; R. & 8. Syst. 2: 728.
1817. ‘‘In Hungaria.’’

Festuca rubra subvillosa Mert. & Koch in Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 1: 654. 1823,
not F. duriuscula subvillosa op. eit. 648.

Festuca rubra villosa Mert. & Koch in Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 1: 654. 1823,
not F. ovina villosa Schrad. Fl. Germ. 1: 320. 1806.

Festuca kitaibeliana Schult. Mant. 2: 398. 1824. New name proposed for Ff. pubescens
Willd.

Bromus secundus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830. Type specimen from Nootka
Sound, Vancouver Island, collected by Haenke; a duplicate in the herbarium of the
Missouri Botanical Garden.

Festuca rubra barbata Hack. Mon. Fest. 139. 1882. Based on F. barbata Schrank.

Festuca rubra pubescens Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 607. 1896. Type in her-
barium Michigan Agricultural College, collected in Oregon by Howell.

Festuca rubra secunda Scribner, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 59. 1899. Based on Bromus
secundus Presl.

This much-named plant ranges in North America fron’ Alaska to Greenland,
southward to Oregon, Wyoming, Ontario, and New Brunswick. Specimens from
South Burlington, Vermont (Jones), and Andover, New Hampshire (Briggs), are
probably introduced. Viviparous forms occur occasionally. Some Alaskan speci-
mens have exceptionally large spikelets nearly 2 cm. long, but otherwise show no
differences.

13h. Festuca rubra lanuginosa Mert. & Koch.

Festuca dumetorum Rain. Danm. Holst. Fl. 1: 549. 1796, not L. 1762.

Festuca arenaria Osbeck in Retz. Suppl. Prim. Fl. Scan. 1: 4. 1805, not Lam. 1791.

Festuca rubra arenaria Fries, Fl. Halland. 28. 1818.

Festuca villosa Schweigg, in Hagen, Chlor. Boruss. 35. 1819, not F. ovina villosa
Schrad. 1806.

? Festuca oraria Dum. Agrost. Belg. 105, 1823.

Festuca rubra lanuginosa Mert. & Koch in Rohling, Deutsch. Fl. ed. 3, 1: 654. 1823.
‘‘Auf magerm Flugsande am Gestade des Meeres in Hinterpommern und Ostpreussen
(der Kurischen Nehrung).”’

Festuca baltica Homann, Fl. Pomm. 1: 56. 1828.

Festuca lanuginosa Scheele, Flora 1: 63: 1844.

Festuca richardsoni Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 250. 1840. Type from ‘“‘the Arctic sea-
coast’’ of North America, collected by Richardson. Specimens in the Gray and
Torrey Herbaria are probably duplicate types.

The Richardson specimens are quite identical with Arctic European specimens,
-and correspond to F#. rubra arenaria forma arctica Hack. Mon. Fest. 140. Specimens
from Port Clarence, Alaska, Doctor Yemans, August, 1884, are identical. Specimens
collected on Unimak Island, Alaska, by Macoun (22801) are taller and agree with
the ordinary European plant.

2.

= -sn~--se=

24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

14. Festuca occidentalis Hook.

Festuca occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor, Am, 2: 249. 1840.‘ Plains and elevated grounds
of the Columbia near the sea. Dr. Scouler. Douglas.’’ Authentic specimens from
Hooker are in the Gray Herbarium.

Festuca ovina polyphylla Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. A. 2: 597. 1896. Type specimen
in herbarium Michigan Agricultural College, collected in the Cascade Mountains,
Oregon, by Howell, in 1885.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted and perfectly glabrous up to the inflorescence; culms slender, shin-
ing, 50 to 80 cm. high, 2-jointed; leaf blades filiform-involute, numerous, bright green,
soft, becoming longitudinally suleate when dry, 5 to 20 em. long, acute at the very
apex; ligule very small, truncate; sheaths smooth, very long, but shorter than the
internodes, in young plants often wholly concealing the stem; panicle loose, subse-
cund, flexuous, 8 to 20 em. long, often somewhat drooping above; rays scabrous on
the sharp angles, solitary or the lowest paired and very unequal; spikelets green,
oblong, loosely 3 to 5-flowered, 6 to 10 mm. long, mostly on slender stalks, pale
green, or rarely purplish; glumes unequal, variable, even on the same plant, usually
sharply acute or acuminate, sometimes obtuse or obtusish, the lower 1-nerved,
2 to 2.5 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, about one-half longer, both usually puberu-
lent near the apex and margins; lemma oblong-lanceolate, rather thin in texture, 5
to 6.5 mm. long, scaberulous toward the apex, attenuate into-a slender awn about
as long; palea linear-lanceolate, acutish, scabrous on the nerves, the inflexed sides
meeting in the middle when flattened; ovary hispidulous at apex. Puatre VIII.

This species has been generally misunderstood, principally owing to the character
assigned to the glumes of being short, obtuse, and ciliate. The Gray Herbarium
specimens agree perfectly with Hooker’s characterization in this respect, as do some
recent specimens, for example, E. C. Smith’s 936, Seattle, Washington; Macoun’s 85,
Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, and Heller’s 3932, Montesano, Washington. This
character is, however, unreliable, most specimens having longer and usually acute
glumes. It is a very different plant from the Japanese Festuca pauciflora Thunb. to
which it was referred by Thurber. Thurber’s description in the Botany of Cali-
fornia applies not to Hooker’s species, but to Festuca subulata Trin. (F. jonesii
Vasey. )

Festuca occidentalis is an abundant species in open woods from British Columbia to
middle California, and eastward to Montana, Wyoming, and the Great Lakes. It is
always densely tufted, never showing any trace of rootstocks.

In Beal’s Grasses of North America the specimens referred to Festuca rubra hetero-
phylla (Lam.) Hack., and to F. rubra longiseta (Hegetschw.) Hack. are all F. ocei-
dentalis Hook.

The following are representative specimens:

British CoLuMBIA:
Chilliwack Valley, Macoun 26115, 26112. :
Victoria, Macoun 171. :
Comox, Macoun 173.
Yale, Macoun 88.
WASHINGTON:
Blue Mountains, Horner 561.
Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889. i
Olympia, Henderson 2198, 2177.
Seattle, Piper 834.
Mount Rainier, Piper 850.
Nisqually Valley, Allen 50.
Grays Harbor, Lamb 1128,

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE VIII.

FESTUCA OCCIDENTALIS HOOK.

at
Ay 1
; re
i.
‘©.
{
'
~ 4 x
> Py:
, 4 7}

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 25

W asuinctron—Continued.
Rock Creek, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1141.
Olympic Mountains, £/mer 1917.
Montesano, Heller 3932.
OREGON:
Without locality, Hal/ 641.
Portland, Howell 15.
Wallowa Mountains, Cusick 2211.
Blue Mountains, Shear 1682, 1809, 1676.
CALIFORNIA:
Mendocino County, Davy 6607.
Mount Shasta, Brown 373.
Marin County, Palmer 2044.
Long Valley, Kellogg & Harford 1116.
Without locality, Bolander 6704.
El Volcan, Brandegee 104.
IpaHo:
Ceeur d’ Alene Lake, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 544.
Cedar Mountain, Latah County, Piper 3930, 1917.
Cedar Mountain, Latah County, Henderson 2835.
MonTana:
Summit, Griffiths & Lange 209, 192.
WYoMING:
Nez Perces Creek, Nelson 6216.
Yellowstone Park, Bolley 1898.
MICHIGAN:
Keweenaw County, Farwell 531.
Thunder Bay, Wheeler, July 18, 1895.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from 4908 Piper, Vancouver, Washington. Plant one-half natural
size; ovary and stigmas enlarged ten times, other details five times.

15. Festuca ovina L.

Festuca ovina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 738.1753. ‘‘Habitat in Europae collibus apricis aridis
vulgatissimum.’’
Festuca ovina vulgaris Koch, Syn. 2: 812. 1837.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted; culms erect, 3-jointed, mostly 15 to 60 em. high, smooth or some-
what scabrous near the panicle; sheaths smooth, shorter than the internodes; ligule
very short, 1 mm. or less; blades pale green, strongly involute, firm, narrow, eylin-
dric, scabrous on the margins, the basal ones 5 to 12 cm. long, those of the culm
often very short; panicle contracted after blooming, commonly 5 to 10 em. long;
rays ascending, scabrous on the angles; spikelets ovate or oblong, usually 5 to 7.5 mm.
long, 3 to 6 or rarely 9-flowered, pale green, or sometimes purplish tinged; florets
rather close; joints of the rachilla smooth; glumes unequal, linear-lanceolate, acute,
the lower 1l-neryed, about 2 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, about 2.5 mm. long;
lemma lanceolate, thick and firm, convex, obscurely 5-nerved, smooth or more or
less scabrous, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, attenuate in a scabrous awn 1 mm. long or more.

This species in its typical form occurs native in North America in the Rocky
Mountains from Alberta to New Mexico, in the Black Hills, and about the Great
Lakes. Through cultivation it is more or less commonly introduced in many locali-
ties. The specimen referred by Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 600, to F. hystrix Boiss. is
true F. ovina.

26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Perhaps no other species of grass is so polymorphous as Festuca ovina, the Old
World forms of which have been classified into numerous categories. The North
American forms are far less numerous, and may be distinguished by the following key:

KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FESTUCA OVINA,

Leaf blades firm, cylindric or terete even when dried.
Lemmas awned.
Leaf blades capillary .3 to .6 mm. broad.
Plants 20 to 60 em. high; panicle 2 to 12 cm. long.

Lemmas usually scabrous or pubescent ..........-....---.. ovina.

Lemmas hispidulous ....-.<..0.<s«:a<siss0e0e eee ovina sciaphila.

Lemmas foliaceous, the spikelets proliferous......_. ovina vivipara.

Plants 12 to 30 em. high; panicle 2 to 4 em. long ........ ovina supina.

Leaf blades broader 0.7 to 1 mm. broad, 7 nerved......-. ovina duriuscula.

Lemmas awihleas: - <5 <5 6464. 2%% Joes! « coeetae ee ee eee eee ovina capillata,
Leaf blades smooth, green, soft, becoming longitudinally sulcate in drying.

Culms 20 to 45 em. high; sheaths closed only at base .......-. ovina pseudovina.

Culms 5 to 10 em. high; sheaths closed their whole length or nearly.
ovina brachyphylla.
Leaf blades pale or glaucescent, firm, usually harshly scabrous.
Sheaths long-persistent on the innovations, becoming brown and papery.
ovina calligera.
Sheaths not becoming brown and papery.
Awns long, nearly equaling the lemma; sheaths not becoming explanate at

DARE... als con oe ea eee eb ee nce oe a ee ovina ingrata,
Awns short, one-fifth to one-third as long as the lemma; sheaths becoming
explanate at base. -.- <.-<+.---4.2~<5s-e58 6 ovina arizonica.

l5a. Festuca ovina sciaphila (Schur) Asch. & Graebn.

Festuca sciaphila Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 787. 1866. ‘‘In Laubwaldern bei Her-
mannstadt. Schuler, Piatra-mare bei Kronstadt. 3,000’. Kalk.”
Festuca ovina sciaphila Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 468. 1900; op. cit.
Index 41. 1903.
Festuca ovina hispidula Hack. Mon. Fest. 87. 1882. ‘‘ Transsylvania (Kronstadt),
Silesia (Breslau), Austria inf. (St. Pdlten).”’
The following specimens have been examined:
New YorK:
Ithaca, Coville, June 12, 1886.
~ ONTARIO:
Galt, Herriott, no. 21144.
BRITISH COLUMBIA:
Esquimalt, Vacoun 29752.
The last two are in the Herbarium of the Geological and Natural History Survey
of Canada.
15b. Festuca ovina vivipara L.

Festuca ovina vivipara L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 108. 1762. ‘‘ Habitat in Alpibus Lap-
poniae, Helvetiae, Scotiae.”’

Festuca vivipara Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 114. 1800. This occurs in North America from
Greenland and Iceland to Labrador and Newfoundland. The plant of the White
Mountains heretofore referred here is F. rubra prolifera.

~I

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. ys
Idec. Festuca ovina supina (Schur) Hack.

Festuca supina Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 784. 1866. ‘‘ Auf Felsen und Gerdlle der
Hochalpen: Fogaraser-Arpaser-Kerzesorer-Rodnaer Alpen, Glimmerschiefer; Kron-
stiidter Alpen: Butsets, Kénigstein, Kalk, Hunyader Alpen, Retyezat. 60007-7000 7.””

Festuca ovina supina Hack. Bot. Centralb. 8: 405. 1881.

This subspecies ranges from Greenland southward to the White Mountains, and
in the west occurs from British Columbia and Alberta south in the Cascades and
Sierras to California, and in the Rockies to Arizona. Apparently it does not occur
in Alaska.

This plant has been generally confused by American botanists with Forma
brachyphylla, from which it is often separable with difficulty.

15d. Festuca ovina duriuscula (L.) Koch.

Festuca duriuscula L. Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753. ‘‘ Habitat in Europae pratis siccis.”’

Festuca ovina duriuscula Koeh, Syn. 812. 1857.

Judging from herbarium material this subspecies is but sparingly introduced in
America. Most specimens so named are J. rubra.

15e. Festuca ovina capillata (Lam.) Hack.

Festuca capillata Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 597. 1778. Type locality, France.
Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 44. 1794. Type locality, Oxford, England.
Festuca ovina capillata Hack. Bot. Centralb. 8: 405. 1881.
This very distinct-appearing subspecies is introduced in many places in the eastern
United States.
15f. Festuca ovina pseudovina Hack.

Festuca ovina pseudovina Hack. Bot. Centralb. 8: 405. 1881. Hackel’s name is
proposed for the Austrian grass mistaken for true J. ovina L. by Host, Gram. Austr.
JB PC 36.

This subspecies occurs native in North America in the Rocky Mountains of Wyom-
ing, Colorado, and Utah. Specimens from Clarke, Indiana, collected by Umbach,
are probably introduced.

15g. Festuca ovina brachyphyila (Schultes).

Festuca brevifolia R. Br. App. Parry’s Voy. Suppl. 289. 1824. Type from Melville
Island. <A duplicate in the Gray Herbarium.

Festuca brachyphylla Schultes, Mant. 3: 646. 1827. Proposes new name on account
of the older F. brevifolia Muhl. 1817.

Festuca ovina brevifolia Hack. Bot. Centralb. 8: 406. 1881.

This subspecies ranges in North America from the Arctic regions southward to
Labrador, and in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona, and recurs in the Sierras of Cali-
fornia; apparently absent in the Cascades, but present in the Blue Mountains of

Oregon.
15h. Festuca ovina calligera nom. nov.

Festuca amethystina asperrima Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 601. 1896, not F.
asperrima Link, Enum. 2: 270. 1822. Type in the National Herbarium, collected in
Arizona by Rusby (no. 901).

Plants densely tufted, pale green, 15 to 50 em. high; stems covered at base by the
brown scarious persistent sheaths; leaf-b!ades filiform, longitudinally sulcate, scabrous,
5 to 15 em. long, each bearing at its junction with the sheath a small callus on each
side; lemma awned; palea bidentate.

12364—06——3

28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The following specimens belong here:
UTAH:
Aquarius Plateau, L. F. Ward 502, altitude 3,500 m.
Brigham Peak, Jones 5955, altitude 3,700 m.
ARIZONA:
Mount Agassiz, Lemmon, September, 1884.
White Mountains, Griffiths 5338, 5243. ,
Hart’s Little Spring, Toumey, July 13, 1892.
San Francisco Peaks, Leiberg 5957, altitude 2,800 m.
Without locality, Rushy 901.
CALIFORNIA:
Plumas County, Lemmon 4653.

15i. Festuca ovina ingrata Hack.

Festuca ovina ingrata Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 598. 1896. Typespecimen in
the National Herbarium, collected by Howell in Oregon.

Festuca ovina columbiana Beal, op. cit. 599. Type in Herbarium Michigan Agri-
cultural College, published as from Pullman, Washington, but really collected in the
Blue Mountains of Columbia County, Washington, by Lake and Hull.

Festuca ovina oregona Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 599, not Festuca oregona Vasey. Type

e in the National Herbarinm, collected by Cusick in Oregon (no. 753).

Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903. Type specimens from Smiths
Valley, Shoshone County, Idaho, collected by Abrams. We have examined a dupli-
cate in Elmer’s herbarium. The leaves of this specimen are unusually smooth.

This is the ‘‘ blue bunch grass’’
occurs from British Columbia and Alberta south to California and Colorado.

It is the American analogue of the Old World Festuca ovina valesiaca (Schleich. )
Koch, and has sometimes been referred to the European F. ovina sulcata Hack.

The following are representative collections:

WASHINGTON:
Pullman, Elmer 299, 826.
Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1142.
Clark Springs, Areager 41, 68.
Mount Carlton, Areager 241.
OREGON: °
Grizzly Butte, Leiberg 276.
Without locality, Cusick 2507.
CALIFORNIA: ‘
Plumas County, Lemmon 4653.
_ Highland Springs, Davy 6647. e
ALBERTA:
Sheep Mountains, Macoun 13148.
British CoLuMBIA:
Deer Park, Macoun 52. a
MonvTaNna:
Spanish Basin, Rydberg & Bessey 5676.
Lima, Rydberg 2070; Shear 320. »
IDAHO:
Beaver Canyon, Rydberg 2061; Shear 305.
Little Potlatch River, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 451.
Viola, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 504.
Lake Waha, Heller 3318, 3288.

of stockmen, and is an important range grass. It

——”

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 29

WYOMING:
Nash Fork, Nelson 7746.
Uran:
Crazy Womans Creek, Williams 2751.
COLORADO:
Chicken Creek, Tracy, Iarl, & Baker 344.
Routt County, Crandalt 539.
Veta Pass, Shear 824.
South Park, Wolf 295a.
NEVADA:
Summit Lake, Griffiths & Morris 305.
Pine Forest Mountains, (Griffiths & Morris 215.

15j. Festuca ovina arizonica ( Vasey) Hack.

Festuca arizonica Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893. Type specimen in the
National Herbarium, collected by S. M. Tracy near Flagstaff, Arizona (no. 118).

Festuca ovina arizonica Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 598. 1896. Reduces the
above to subspecific rank.

Festuca vaseyana Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 601. Type collected at Veta Pass, Colorado,
by Dr. George Vasey in 1884.

Festuca scabrella vaseyana Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 605. Type from ‘‘ Colorado (Veta
Pass), Vasey, at an altitude of 9,300 feet.”’

The type specimens of the last two were in Professor Scribner’s herbarium, accord-
ing to Doctor Beal. The National Herbarium specimens show that Doctor Vasey col-
lected both arizonica and ingrata at Veta Pass, but Doctor Beal’s descriptions were
certainly based on the arizonica specimens in the case of Festuca scabrella vaseyana and
probably so in the case of Festuca vaseyana.

Festuca ovina arizonica occurs in Southern Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. <A
specimen from Oregon, Hoover Creek, Gilliam County ( Leiherg 137), seems also reter-
able here.

16. Festuca rigescens (Pres!) Kunth.

Diplachne rigescens Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 260. 1830. ‘‘ Hab. in montanis Peruviae
huanoccensibus.’’ Type probably in Presl’s herbarium in the University of Prague;
a duplicate in Bernhardi’s herbarium, now in the possession of the Missouri Botan-
ical Gardens.

Festuca rigescens Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 403. 1853. Transfers the above to Festuca.
The only North American specimen we have seen was collected by 8. M. Tracy ‘‘in
open pine woods, + miles northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona, June, 1887.”’

° DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted, smooth and glabrous up to the inflorescence; culms 2-jointed, hard
and polished, rigid, 30 to 50 em. high; sheaths smooth, shorter than the internodes,
the basal ones much broadened and somewhat explanate; ligule nearly obsolete,
ciliate; blades involute, cylindric, rigid, erect, smooth, pungent at the apex, 8 to 12
cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter; panicle narrow, erect, 5 to 10 cm. long; rays few,
solitary, erect, sparingly branched, angled, nearly smooth; spikelets rather closely
3-flowered, 6 to 7 mm. long; joints of the rachilla cylindric, smooth; glumes thick
and firm, the lower 1-nerved, acute, 2 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, a little longer,
both scabrous toward the tips; lemma ovate, thick, convex, somewhat carinate toward
the acuminate apex, awnless or very short-awned, scabrous near the tip, 4 to 4.5 mm.
long, 5-nerved, the lateral nerves disappearing above the middle; palea as long as
the lemma, obtuse, the nerves hispidulous.

30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

This plant is easily distinguishable from any of the North American forms of
I. ovina. Some European subspecies, however, as F. ovina vaginata and F. ovina
psammophila, have, like the American plant, the combination of rigid leayes and
awnless lemmas. It may therefore be necessary to reduce our plant to subspecific
rank,

\7 Festuca viridula Vasey.

Festuca viridula Vasey, lll. N. A. Grasses 2: 93. 1893. Type in the National Her-
barium, collected in California by Bolander.

In the original description Doctor Vasey gives ‘‘California’’ as the locality for the
species. At that time he had before him, from California, two specimens from Bolan-
der and one from Lemmon, all of which he labelled Festuca viridula in his own hand-
writing, adding in the case of one Bolander specimen a mark of doubt. Inasmuch
as part at least of the accompanying illustration is drawn from a Bolander specimen,
the one so marked without mark of doubt is selected as type. This specimen was
received from the Thurber herbarium, labelled Festuca gracillima Hook., and is doubt-
less the basis of Doctor Vasey’s statement to the effect that Thurber was in error in
identifying the species in the Botany of California as Festuca gracillima Hook.

In a later publication © Doctor Vasey cites a specimen collected by Suksdorf on
Mount Adams, Washington, as the type, but this statement is incompatible with the
original description.

Bolander’s specimens probably all came from Summit Station, in the Sierras. At
least the second specimen above mentioned is ticketed as being from that place.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted, the coarse roots much interwoven, and the tufts, therefore, difficult
to separate; culms erect, smooth, shiny, 3-jointed, 50 to 100 em. high; sheaths
smooth, striate, shorter than the internodes; ligule very short, truncate; blades
erect, narrowly linear, acute at the apex, soft, scaberulous above, strictly 7-nerved,
the basal ones usually involute, 10 to 30 em. long, those of the culm shorter, flat or
loosely involute; panicle loose and open, suberect, 10 to 15 em. long; rays faintly
angled, swollen at base, scabrous, the upper solitary, the lower in pairs and 5 to 8 em.
long, branched and spikelet-bearing near the tip; spikelets oblong, 3 to 6-flowered,
10 to 12 mm. long, pale green or more commonly purple; joints of the rachilla scab-
rous, cylindric, 1 to 2 mm. long; glumes membranous, smooth or nearly so, the
lower lanceolate, 1-nerved, about 2.5 mm. long, the upper ovate, subacute, 3-nerved,
scarious-margined; lemma firm, membranaceous, keeled toward the apex, 5-nerved,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, or somewhat mucronate, often somewhat denticulate near
the apex, smooth or nearly so, shining rather than dull, 6 to 7 mm. long; palea about
equaling the lemma, obtuse, the nerves ciliate.

The species is common in subalpine meadows in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho,
and ranges south in the Sierras to middle California.

18. Festuca howellii Hack.

Festuca howellii Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 591. 1896. Type in Herbarium
Michigan Agricultural College, collected by Thomas Howell, in the mountains at the
head of Deer Creek, Josephine County, Oregon, July 5, 1887; a duplicate in the
National Herbarium. No other specimens than those of the type collection are
known.

4Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 279.

Contr. Nat., Herb. Vol. X.

FESTUCA HOWELLII VASEY.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 5]
DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted, with coarse matted roots; culms erect or geniculate at base,
3-jointed, 60 to 70 em. high; sheaths smooth, mostly shorter than the internodes;
ligule very short; blades loosely involute, shining, narrowly linear, scabrid above,
8 to 15 cm. long, about 4 mm. wide, acute at apex; panicle loose and open, 8 to 10
em. long; lower rays in pairs, the upper solitary, each pulvillus-bearing at base,
subterete, scaberulous, naked below; spikelets oblong, 8 to 12 mm. long, 4 or 5-flow-
ered, purple-tinged; joints of the rachilla cylindric, scaberulous, 1 mm. long; glumes
lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so, the lower l-neryved, 2 to 5 mm. long, the upper
3-nerved, about 4 mm. long; lemma membranaceous, linear-lanceolate, strongly
5-nerved, appressed-hispidulous, 6 mm. long, attenuate into a straight scabrous awn
about 2 mm. long; palea obtuse, about equaling the lemma, somewhat scabrous.
Pate IX.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from duplicate type from 248 JJowel/, collected in Deer Creek
Mountains, Oregon. Plant one-half natural size; details magnified five times.

19. Festuca altaica Trin.

Festuca altaica Trin. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 109.1829. ‘‘In summa alpe ad fontem fl.
Acjulac rarissima.’’

Festuca scabrella Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840. Type probably at the
British Museum, collected in the Rocky Mountains by Drummond. Duplicates of
the same are in the Torrey Herbarium and in the Gray Herbarium.

The Drummond specimens are most nearly matched in recent collections by plants
collected on Mount Albert, Gaspé, by Allen in 1881 and 1882. No recent collection
seems to have been made near the type locality. Hooker’s figure shows a panicle
with ascending rays, but the Gray Herbarium specimens show spreading rays as in
most northern material. The nearly smooth and loosely involute leaves are likewise
characters which ally the plant to a/taica proper, rather than to the more scabrous
plant of the United States, which, however, it resembles in its rather dull spikelets.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted, with numerous basal leaves; culms erect, smooth or nearly so, 2-
jointed, 30 to 90 em. high; sheaths striate, smooth or the uppermost scabrous; ligule
very short; blades mostly involute, smooth or scabrous beneath, especially toward
the apex, hispidulous above; panicle ample, loose and open, erect, 10 to 20 em. long;
rays mostly in pairs in about 6 verticels, slender, flexuous, naked below the mid-
dle, branched above, pulvillate-thickened at base; spikelets broadly oblong, 3 to
5-flowered, 12 to 15 mm. long, yellowish-green, or more commonly coppery or pur-
ple; florets close, nearly parallel to the rachilla; joints of the rachilla cylindric or
slightly clavate, scabrous, 2 to 3 mm. long; glumes smooth, or scabrous near the
apex, the lower oblong-lanceolate, obtusish, l-nerved, 6 to 7 mm. long, the upper
ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, 8 to 9 mm. long; lemma lanceolate-ovate, attenuate-
acute, 5-nerved, finely and densely scabrous, somewhat shiny, 10 to 12 mm. long,
firm-membranaceous; palea oblong-lanceolate, notched at apex, the inflexed sides
more than half as broad as the internerve, the nerves hispidulous.

The species ranges through Siberia, and in North America occurs in Alaska, Yukon,
and on Mount Albert, Quebec.

: 20. Festuca hallii ( Vasey ).

Melica hallii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 296. 1881. Type specimens in the National Her-
barium, collected in the Rocky Mountains, latitude 39° to 41°, by Hall & Harbour
(no. 621), in 1862. These specimens have a narrow strict panicle, and are evidently
from high altitudes.

,

32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Festuca scabrella major Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb.\ 1: 278. 1893. Type specimen in
the National Herbarium, collected in Spokane County, Washington, by Suksdorf
(no. 118), June 18, 1884. This is a much larger plant than the type of Melica hallii,
with a larger and looser panicle. Most of the United States material is quite
intermediate between the two.

Festuca campestris Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 57. 1900. Proposes a new
name for the above, on account of the older Festuca nutans major Vasey, which latter,
however, is a technically unpublished name.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted, the broad leaves numerous; culms erect, 2-jointed, smooth or seab-
rous, 30 to 90 cm. high; upper sheaths scabrous, closely enveloping the stem, the
lower smooth, exceeding the internodes, enlarged and somewhat explanate at base;
ligule small; blades hard and strongly involute, pale or glancous, 10 to 30 or even 50
cm. long, pungently acute, usually very scabrous, the basai ones deciduous from the
persisting sheaths; panicle narrow and rather close, often subsecund, 3 to 15 em. long,
rays solitary or in pairs, very scabrous, usually ascending or appressed, spikelet-
bearing near the end, the longest less than half the panicle, often pulvillate-thickened
at base; spikelets oblong 8 to 12 mm. long, 4 to 6-flowered; glumes unequal, smooth,
or scabrous near the apex, the lower lanceolate, l-nerved, 7 to 8 mm. long, the
upper ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, 8 to 9 mm. long; lemma firm, dull, 5-nerved,
keeled near the apex, densely and finely scabrous, 8 to 10 mm. long, acute or rather
abruptly mucronate or short-awned; palea about as long as the lemma, notched at
the apex, pubescent on the nerves, the inflexed sides more than half as broad as the
internerve.

Festuca hallii ranges from British Columbia to North Dakota, Colorado, and Wash-
ington. We would also refer here two specimens from Dawson, Yukon, namely, R.
S. Williams, July 13, 1899, and John McClean, no. 84.

The species as thus delimited includes rather diverse-looking material, but in the
light of the specimens at hand we can suggest no better disposition. There are good
reasons, indeed, for considering it a mere subspecies of F. altaica.

21. Festuca aristulata (Torr. ) Shearms.

Bromus kalmii aristulatus Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 157. 1856. Type in the National
Herbarium, collected on Mark West Creek, California, April 30, 1854, by Dr. J. M.
Bigelow.

Festuca californica Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893. Type in the National
Herbarium, collected on hills about Oakland, California, by Bolander (no. 1505) in
1862.

DESCRIPTION.

A coarse tufted grass with numerous basal leaves; culms erect, stout, 2-jointed, about
60 to 120 em. high, striate, scabrous; sheaths somewhat scabrous, often purplish, the
lower long-persisting, the collar and auricles white-pilose; ligule ciliate, very short;
blades flat or involute, hard, densely beset with minute scarcely rough granulations,
8 to 40 cm. long, acute at the apex, 2 to 5 mm. broad, inclined to be deciduous from
the sheaths; panicle ample, usually loose, 10 to 30 cm. long; rays slender, usually
elongated, terete or angled, scabrous, in about 4 whorls of 2 to 3 each, pulvillate-
thickened basally; spikelets 8 to 18 mm. long, broadly oblong, compressed, mostly
5-flowered; joints of the rachilla cylindric, scabrous, 2 to 3 mm. long; glumes oblong-
lanceolate, firm, smooth, except the scabrous midnerve, the lower 1l-nerved, about
5 to 7 mm. long, thg upper 3-nerved, 6 to 8 mm. long; lemma 8 to 10 mm. long,
lanceolate, convex, = 5-nerved, finely and evenly scabrous, acuminate or short-

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE X.

FESTUCA ARISTULATA (TORR.) SHEAR.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

FESTUCA THURBER! VASEY.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. j3

awned; palea about as long as the lemma, notched at apex, the nerves hispidulous,
the inflexed sides one-third as broad as the internerve. (Plate X.)

This species ranges from middle California northward into Oregon, but only west
of the Sierras and Cascades.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from Howell’s no. 26 from Oregon and Bolander’s California
specimens. Plant natural size; spikelet magnified five times.

2la. Festuca aristulata parishi subsp. nov.

Sheaths and the lower part of the stem covered with short retrorse pubescence;
leaf blades short, 10 to 25 em. long.

Mill Creek Falls, San Bernardino Mountains, California, collected by 8. B. Parish
(no. 5036, type), June 20, 1901, and no. 2490, July 4, 1892.

22. Festuca thurberi Vasey.

Festuca thurberi Vasey in Rothrock, Prel. Rep. Botany Cent. Colo. 56. 1874. Type
in the National Herbarium, collected by John Wolf (no. 1154) in South Park,
Colorado.

Poa festucoides M. E. Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. Il. 5: 724. 1895. Type from Mount
Ellen, Henry Mountains, Utah. A duplicate in the National Herbarium.

Poa kaibensis M. E. Jones, Erythea 4: 36. 1896. Proposes a new name for the
above on account of the older Poa festucoides Lam.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted with numerous narrow basal leaves; culms erect, hard, scabrous or
smooth, 60 to 90 em. high, 3-jointed; sheaths striate, usually scabrous, shorter than the
internodes; ligules scarious, often lacerate, 2 to 4 mm. long, decurrent; blades closely
involute, narrowly linear, 6 to 20 cm. long, acute at apex, usually harshly scabrous;
panicle 10 to 15 em. long, loose, slightly drooping; rays solitary, occasionally in twos
or threes, scabrous on the angles, spreading or ascending, commonly pulvillate at
base, the longest half to two-thirds as long as the panicle, spikelet-bearing only above
the middle; spikelets lanceolate, acute, 3 to 6-flowered, 8 to 12 mm. long; joints of
the rachilla cylindric, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, scabr us or nearly smooth; glumes mem-
branaceous, smooth or scabrous on the keels, subequal, the lower 1-nerved, 2 mm.
long, acute, the upper 3-nerved, 2.5 mm. long, obtusish; lemma elliptic-lanceolate,
faintly 5-nerved, convex, rather firm in texture, finely scabrous near the margins or
glabrous, cuspidate-acuminate; palea nearly equaling the lemma, oblong, obtuse,
the nerves scabrous, the inflexed sides half as broad as the internerve. (PLATE XI.)

Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from specimens collected by Pammel above Beaver Camp, Col-
orado, July 3, 1896. Plant one-half natural size; details enlarged five times.

23. Festuca elatior L.

Festuca elatior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. ‘‘ Habitat in Europae pratis fertillissimis.’’

Festuca pratensis Hudson, Fl. Angl. 37. 1762. Type locality, England.

Festuca poaeoides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 67. 1803. ‘‘Hab. ad ripas maritimas
fluminis 8. Laurentii.’’ A fragment of the type is in the Torrey Herbarium.

Festuca poaeoides americana Pers. Syn. 1: 94.1805. Based on the preceding.

Festuca americana F. G, Dietr. Vollst. Lex. Gaertn. 3: 332. Based on the preceding.

DESCRIPTION.

Loosely tufted, often with short creeping rootstocks; culms smooth, 50 to 120 em.
high, smooth and glabrous, 3 or 4-jointed, erect or geniculate only at the very base;
sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligule nearly obsolete; blades 10 to 60 cm. long,

———_—

—

34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4+ to 8 mm. wide, flat, rather firm, smooth beneath, scabrous above, auriculate at
base; panicle erect, 10 to 20 em. long, contracted after blooming, varying from
nearly simple to much branched; rays in 3 to 6 sets, rather short, seabrous on the
angles, spikelet-bearing nearly to the base; spikelets oblong or lanceolate, 3 to 13,
usually 6 or 8-flowered, 9 to 11 mm. long, pale green or more or less purplish; joints
of the rachilla smooth, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; glumes lanceolate, the lower 1 to 3-nerved,
about 3 mm. long, the upper 3 to 5-nerved, about 4 mm. long; lemma oblong-
lanceolate, coriaceous, faintly 5-nerved, 5 to 7mm. long, secabrid toward the apex,
the scarious apex acutish or rarely short-awned; palea about equaling the lemma,
oblong, slightly notebed at apex, the nerves scabrous, the inflexed sides one-third
as broad as the internerve.

Cultivated and more or less established throughout the United States and southern
Canada.

23a. Festuca elatior arundinacea (Schreb.) Celak.

Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Spice. Fl. Lips. 57. 1771.

Festuca elatior arundinacea Celak. Prod. Fl. Bom. 51. 1869.

This subspecies is rather sparingly introduced. It is larger and coarser than
F. elatior, and is conveniently distinguishable by its firmer thicker leaves, the nerves
of which are prominent on both surfaces, while in F. e/atior the nerves are prominent
only above.

24. Festuca obtusa Spreng.

Festuca nutans Spreng. Fl. Hal. Mant. 34. 1807. ‘‘ E. Pennsylvania, Muhlenb.’’
Not Festuca nutans Moench, Meth. 191. 1794.

Festuca obtusa Spreng. loc. cit. ‘EE. Pennsylvania, Muhlenb.’’ In Muhlenberg’s
Herbarium in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences are specimens labeled Festuca
nutans, and Festuca sylvatica obtusa. Apparently both these are herbarium names of
Muhlenberg, which were first published by Sprengel. Both these specimens are
clearly referable to the common eastern plant which has so long gone under the
name of Festuca nutans.

Festuca nutans palustris Muhl. Gram. 166. 1817. From Muhlenberg’s brief deserip-
tion this is merely a form of F. obtusa. It can scarcely be Festuca shortii to which
Wood © referred it. There is nothing so labeled in Muhlenberg’s Herbarium.

Poa nutans Link, Enum. 1: 86.1821. Based on Festuca nutans Spreng.

DESCRIPTION.

Culms erect, 40 to 120 cm. high, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, 3 or 4-jointed;
sheaths striate, shorter than the internodes, glabrous or pubscent; ligule very short;
blades dark green, flat, 10 to 30 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, smooth or scabrous
beneath, paler and scabrous or sometimes puberulent above, acute, auriculate at base;
panicle very loose, 10 to 20 cm. long, often more or less secund, erect or but little
nodding; rays in 3 to 5 sets, mostly in twos, pulvillate at base, scabrous on the
prominent angles, sparingly branched and bearing a few spikelets near the end, at
first erect, then spreading; spikelets pale green, lanceolate, 3 to 5-flowered, 5 to 7
mm. long; jointsof the rachilla cylindric, glabrous, about 5 mm. long; glumes rather
firm, scabrid on the nerves, the lower l-nerved, about 3 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved,
about 4mm. long; lemma coriaceous, smooth, convex, oblong-ovate, acute or acutish,
4 mm. long, the narrow margin hyaline, obscurely 5-nerved, the nerves very obscure;
palea firm, equaling the lemma, acute.

Vermont, Ontario, and Minnesota to Georgia and Texas.

@ Bot. & Flor. 399. 1873.

Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

FESTUCA JOHNSON! VASEY.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 35

25. Festuca shortii Kunth.

Festuca shortii Kunth; Wood, Class-book 794. 1861. No locality cited under
the original very brief description, but a specimen in Short’s herbarium in the
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences bears the legend, ‘‘ Barrens of Meade County,
Kentucky.’’ The type of Wood is probably in his herbarium preserved in the New
York College of Pharmacy Herbarium.

Festuca nutans shortii Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896. Reduces above to sub-
specifie rank.

Festuca nutans major Vasey; Beal, |. c., as synonym.

DESCRIPTION.

Culms 60 to 120 em. high, erect, glabrous, smooth, 3-jointed; sheaths smooth or
striate, glabrous, much shorter than the internodes; ligule very short; blades firm,
flat, or loosely inyolute, 10 to 40 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. broad, smooth or nearly
so beneath, scabrous above, auriculate at base; panicle erect, 10 to 20 ecm. long,
bearing many spikelets; rays in 3 to 5 sets, mostly in twos, ascending or spread-
ing, scabrous on the angles, spikelet-bearing above the middle; spikelets pale green,
oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 3 to 6-flowered; joints of the rachilla, cylin-
dric, smooth; glumes firm, scabrous on the nerves above, the lower l-nerved, 4
mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 5 mm. long; lemma oblong, coriaceous, smooth,
obtusish, obscurely 5-nerved, + to 4.5 mm. long; palea firm, smooth, acute, about
equaling the lemma.

This species ranges from Illinois and Iowa to Georgia and Texas.

26. Festuca versuta Beal.

Festuca tevana Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 119. 1886. Type in the National
Herbarium, collected by J. Reverchon (no. 1618), ‘‘shades, upper Llano.”’

Festuca versuta Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896. Proposes a new name on
account of the older / texana Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 310. 1855.

Known only from Texas, there collected by Buckley and by Reverchon.

DESCRIPTION.

Stems erect, glabrous or somewhat glaucous, nearly concealed by the sheaths,
about 80 cm. high, 3-jointed; sheaths striate, smooth; ligule very short; blades
firm, flat, 20 to 25 cm. long, 4 to6 mm. wide, auriculate at base, nearly smooth
beneath, scabrous above; panicle loose, erect, 15 to 18 cm. long, nearly as broad;
rays in 3 or 4 sets, slender, pulvillate at base and spreading, scabrous on the angles,
bearing a few branchlets near the tips; spikelets oblong-ovate, glaucous, 3 to 5-flow-
ered, 8 to 11 mm. long; joints of the rachilla cylindric, somewhat scabrous; glumes
nearly glabrous, subequal, the lower 1-nerved, 5 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 6
mm. long; lemma oblong-lanceolate, acute or apparently acuminate, coriaceous,
smooth or nearly so, glaucous, faintly 5-nerved, 6 to 7mm. long; palea firm, acute,
about equaling the lemma.

27. Festuca johnsoni (Vasey).

Festuca nutans johnsoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb, 2: 548. 1894. Type in the National
Herbarium, collected at Harrison City, Tex., in 1886, by Mr. Johnson. No other

specimens have been seen.
DESCRIPTION.

Culms stout, erect, smooth, nearly concealed by the sheaths, about 80 em. high;
sheaths striate. sparsely puberulent; ligule very short; blades flat, rather thick,
acuminate, 20 to 30 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, scabrous on both sides, auriculate
at base; panicle loose, erect, 10 to 25 cm. long; rays in 3 to 5 sets, mostly in twos,

36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

slender, scabrous on the angles, flexuous, ascending, sparingly branched, spikelet-
bearing above the middle, scarcely pulvillate at base; spikelets green, 2 or 3-flowered,
5 to 7 mm. long; joints of the rachilla short, smooth; glumes firm, scabrous all over,
the lower 1-nerved, 4 to 5 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 5 to6 mm. long; lemma
lanceolate-oblong, acute or apparently acuminate, 5-nerved, coriaceous, smooth
except the scabrid apex, about 5 mm. long; palea nearly equaling the lemma, firm,
acute. (PLATE XII.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from type specimen. Plant one-half natural size; details
enlarged tive diameters,

28. Festuca subulifiora Scribner.

Festuca subuliflora Scribner in Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 5: 396. 1890. Type collected
at Goldstream, Vancouver Island, by Macoun (no. 7). It was in the herbarium
of Professor Scribner, since destroyed. A duplicate in the herbarium of the Geolog-
ical and -Jatural History Survey of Canada has been examined.

Festuca ambigua Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893. Type in the National
Herbarium, collected by Thos. Howell in Oregon in 1881.

dvstuca denticulata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896. Changes name of above on
account of the earlier Festuca ambigua Le Gall.4

DESCRIPTION.

Culms erect, rather slender, striate, glabrous, 60 to 90 cm. high, 3 or 4-jointed;
basal leaves few, those of the culms 3 or 4; sheaths shorter than the internodes,
striate, sparsely hispidulous; ligule very short, ciliate; blades green, rather soft,
flat or loosely involute, glabrous beneath, hirsutulous above, 10 to 20 em. long, 3 to
6mm. broad, acute at the apex; panicle very loose, flexuous, somewhat drooping,
10 to 20 cm. long; rays slender, solitary or rarely in twos, scabrous on the angles,
pulvillate at base, the longest about half as long as the panicle, naked below the
middle; spikelets pale green or purplish, loosely 3 or 4-flowered, 8 to 12 mm. long;
joints of the rachilla hirsute; glumes subulate, glabrous, each 1-nerved, the lower
about 3 mm., the upper 4+ mm. long; lemma lanceolate, 5-nerved, scabrous toward
the apex, keeled half way or more, 6 to 8 mm. long, tipped with a more or less
flexuous awn 10 to 15 mm. long, abruptly narrowed at base into a hispid tubular
structure encircling the rachilla, which apparently disarticulates halfway between
the florets; palea lanceolate, as long as the lemma, the scabrous nerves uniting in the
acuminate apex, the inflexed sides one-third as broad as the internerve. (PLATE
XIII.)

A very remarkable species, possessing a form of lemma peculiar to itself. The
stipitate base of the lemma might better be considered a downward elongation of the
callus, surrounding and becoming grown to the rachilla, which has likewise become
elongated so that the joint is still at the base of the callus. This conception makes
more apparent the relation of the plant to PF. subulata.

The following specimens belong to this much-confused species:

VANCOUVER ISLAND:
Without locality, Fletcher, June 16, 1885.
W ASHINGTON:
San Juan County, Henderson 2197.
Seattle, Piper in 1889.
Montesano, feller 3998.
Olympia, Henderson 2179.
OREGON:
Astoria, Piper 6455.
Portland, Sheldon 10479.
Without locality, Howell, June, 1886.

<— a FL Morbihan 731. 1852.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XIll.

FESTUCA SUBULIFLORA SCRIBNER.

j
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XIV.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. ae

CALIFORNIA:
Humboldt Bay, Chandler 1184.
Crescent City, Davy & Blasdale.
Kneeland, Humboldt County, Blankinship 7.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from 19 Howell, collected in Oregon; plant one-half natural
size; details magnified five times.

29. Festuca dasyclada Hack.

Festuca dasyclada Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 602. 1896. This well-marked
species has been collected only by Dr. C. C. Parry in 1875, somewhere in the Rocky
Mountains, ‘‘in Utah,’’ according to Beal. The type was the specimen in the
herbarium of Professor Scribner, now destroyed. A duplicate in the National

Herbarium has no locality given on the label.

DESCRIPTION.

Culms erect or somewhat geniculate, 20 to 40 cm. high, nearly smooth, 3-jointed;
sheaths shorter than the internodes, striate, glabrous; ligule very short; blades nar-
row, soft, folded, glabrous, acute, 5 to 15 em. long; panicle open, erect, the rays in
twos, threes, or fours, ciliate on the prominent angles, mostly branched, a pulvillus
at the base of each ray and branch; spikelets pale green, oblong-lanceolate, long-
stalked, 2-flowered, 6 to 7 mm. long; joints of the rachilla 1.5 mm. long, scabrous;
glumes lanceolate, glabrous, except on the keel, the lower J-neryed or faintly 3-
nerved, + mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 6 mm. long; lemma lanceolate, green, mem-
branous, 5-nerved, somewhat keeled, scabrous-puberulent all over the back, about 6
mm. long, the apex cleft, a scabrous awn 3 mm. long arising from between the teeth;
palea a little shorter than the lemma, obtuse at apex, the nerves ciliate-scabrous.

30. Festuca elmeri Scribn. & Merrill.

Festuca elmeri Scribn. & Merrill, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 468. 1902. Type in the
National Herbarium, collected by A. D. E. Elmer (no. 2101), at Stanford University,
California.

DESCRIPTION.

Loosely tufted, the slender culms 40 to 100 em. high, glabrous, faintly striate,
3-jointed; sheaths striate, nearly smooth, shorter than the internodes; ligule short,
ciliate; blades flat or loosely involute, nearly glabrous beneath, scabrous or pubes-
cent above, 20 to 40 em. long, those of the culm 2 to 4 mm. wide, the basal ones
narrower; panicles 10 to 20 em. long, pale green, loose and open; rays slender,
angled, mostly in pairs, smooth or nearly so, pulvillate at base, spikelet-bearing
above the middle; spikelets 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 or 4-flowered; joints of the rachilla
hispidulous, 1.5 mm. long; glumes unequal, lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so, the
lower l-nerved, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 3 to 4 mm. Jong; lemma lan-
ceolate, green and membranous, 5-nerved, 6 to 6.5 mm. long, minutely hispidulous,
cleft at the apex and bearing from between the short teeth a scabrous awn 2 to 8
mm. long; palea narrowly lanceolate, a little longer than the lemma, the two scabrous
nerves meeting in the acuminate apex, the inflexed sides very narrow. (Plate XIV.)

This perfectly distinct species has been much confused, there being really consider-
able material in all the larger herbaria. The following specimens belong here:

CALIFORNIA:
Mendocino County, Bolander 6463.
Ukiah, Mendocino County, Davy & Blasdale 5029.
Highland Springs, Lake County, Davy 6648.
Tassajara Hot Springs, Monterey County, Elmer 3322.

35 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

CaLirornrAa—Continued.
Stanford University, Abrams 1646.
Without locality, Kellogg & Harford 1116.*
Santa Cruz, Anderson in 1887.
Santa Cruz, Anderson in 1888.*
San Francisco, Bolander 1507.
Oakland, Bolander, June 1, 1866.
Templeton, San Luis Obispo County, Davy 7584.
Lake County, Blankinship 8.
Marysville Buttes, /Teller 5562.
OREGON:
Kight Dollar Mountain, Josephine County, Piper 3512.
The specimens marked with an asterisk were cited by Doctor Vasey under the orig-
inal description of Festuca ambigua, but the real type of that isa very different plant.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from type specimen 2101 Eimer, collected at Stanford Univer-

sity, California. Plant one-half natural size; parts enlarged five diameters, except the ovary, which
is enlarged ten diameters.

30a. Festuca elmeri luxurians nom. noy.

Festuca jonesii conferta Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 593. 1896. The type was —

in the herbarium of Professor Scribner, since destroyed by fire. A duplicate is in
the National Herbarium. Itis from San José Normal School, California, the collector
unknown.

Typical Festuca elmeri has a very loose panicle and 3 or 4-flowered spikelets. The
subspecies has a rather close panicle and 5 or 6-flowered spikelets. The following
specimens are in the National Herbarium.

CALIFORNIA:
Stanford University, Elmer 2133, 2103.
Without locality, Bolander 6073. a
Without locality, Lemmon 4654.

The name conferta has been previously used as Festuca arundinacea conferta Hack.
Mon. Fest. 157. 1882.

31. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.

Bromus giganteus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753. ‘‘ Habitat in Europae sylvis siccis.”’

Festuca gigantea Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 110.1787. Transfers the species to
Festuca.

This European species is sparingly introduced in the Eastern States.

DESCRIPTION.

Stems erect, striate, glabrous, 3 to 5-jointed, usually nearly concealed by the sheaths,
60 to 120 em. high; sheaths smooth or somewhat scabrous; ligule very short, truncate;
blades flat, linear-lanceolate, 12 to 40 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. broad, acute, prominently
auriculate at base, dark green and smooth beneath, paler and slightly roughened
above, very scabrous on the margins; panicle oblong-ovoid, 10 to 40 em. long, at
length spreading, somewhat drooping; rays slender, mostly in twos, elongate, very
scabrous on the angles, each pulvillate at base; spikelets pale green, oblong-lanceolate,
10 to 13 mm. long, 5 to 9-flowered; joints of the rachilla cylindric, scabrous; glumes
very acute, glabrous, the lower 1l-nerved, 5 to 6 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 6 to
7.5 mm. long, broadly hyaline-margined; lemma lanceolate, convex, 5-nerved,
sparsely scabrous, especially on the nerves above, 7 to 9 mm. long, bidentate at the
scarious apex, bearing a scabrous awn more than twice as longas itself; palea oblong-
lanceolate, acute or somewhat notched at the apex, the nerves scabrous, the inflexed
sides half as broad as the internerve.

a

PIPER—MNORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. HY
32. Festuca fratercula Rupr.

Festuca fratercula Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 124. 1881.4 Type collected on Mount
Orizaba, Mexico, at 3,500 to 3,580 meters altitude, by Galeotti.

DESCRIPTION.

A loosely tufted, glabrous perennial, 60 to 90 em. high; stem erect, slender, very
smooth and shining, with 3 nodes; offshoots few, extravaginal, rather short; sheaths
smooth, much shorter than the internodes; ligule very short, truncate; blades thin,
flat, spreading, linear, 10 to 25 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, quite smooth, scabrous on
the margins, attenuate-acuminate to the convolute apex; panicle slender 10 to 15
cm. long, flexuous and somewhat nodding; rays mostly solitary, some in pairs,
very slender, scabrous on the angles, usually branched below the middle, the longest
10 em. long, ascending, flower-bearing in the upper third; spikelets oblong, 3 to

'5-flowered, 7 to 12 mm. long; glumes membranous, green, the lower l-nerved, ovate-

lanceolate, acute, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, scarious-margined, scabrous on the keel; the
upper oblong, 3-nerved, subacute, scarious-margined, scabrous on the keel; lemma
6 to 9 mm. long, 3-nerved, or with 2 additional faint intermediate nerves, lanceolate,
keeled to the base, scabrous, and bearing at apex an awn 0.5 to 2 mm. long; palea
linear-lanceolate, acute, scabrous on the nerves, 6 to 6.5 mm. long, the inflexed
sides one-third as broad as the internerve; apex of ovary obtuse or emarginate and
slightly hairy, the stigmas rather distant; lodicules oblique, entire or laciniate, as
long as the ovary or shorter.
The following specimens are somewhat doubtfully referred to this species:
ARIZONA:
Rincon Mountains, Nealley 177.
COLORADO:
Pagosa Peak, Baker 178, 177, 56, 75, 94.
Durango, Tweedy 393a.

33. Festuca subulata Trin.

Festuca subulata Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832. Type
from the neighborhood of Sitka, collected by Mertens. Presumably it is in the St.
Petersburg Academy of Science. We have seen no authentic specimen, but the
ample description accords so well with plants from near the type locality that there
is scarcely room to question the identity of the species.

Festuca jonesii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893. Type in the National Herba-
rium, collected by M. E. Jones ‘‘in southern Utah,’’ but Mr. Jones notes that the
locality is really in the ‘‘ Wasatch Mts., City Creek Canyon, above Salt Lake City.”’

We can find no characters by which F. jonesii can be kept distinct from F. subulata,
even as a subspecies. The two type specimens are from almost the extremes of the
range of the species. Contrasted with the Alaska specimens, the type of F. jonesii
has slightly narrower leaves, and somewhat smaller spikelets, with its florets closer
together, and the joints of the rachilla less scabrous. All manner of intergrades
occur, however, and in such numbers that no satisfactory line of separation can be

drawn.
DESCRIPTION.

Stems erect, obscurely striate, retrorsely scaberulous, 40 to 120 cm. high, 2 to 4-
jointed; sheaths striate, nearly smooth, elongate but shorter than the internodes;
ligule scarious, about 1 mm. long; blades dark green above, paler beneath, flat, thin,
10 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 10 mm. broad, auriculate at base, usually sharply scabrous on
both faces, many-nervyed, lax and spreading; panicle very loose and somewhat droop-
ing, 15 to 40 em. long; rays in 3 to 5 sets, mostly in twos, all pulvillate at base,

a The original description is given on p. 46.

| 40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERRARIUM.

slender, flexuous, angled, seabrous, few-branched above the middle; spikelets pale
green, sometimes purplish-tinged, oblong-lanceolate. 3 to 5-flowered, 7 to 12 mm.
long; joints of the rachilla cylindric, usually curved, scabrous, 1 to 2 mm. long;
glumes subulate, glabrous, the lower 1-nerved, 2 to 3 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved,
3 to 4 mm. long, each sparsely scabrous near the apex; lemma green, membranace-
ous, narrowly lanceolate, 3-nerved, somewhat keeled for its whole length, scabrous
| toward the apex, 5 to 7 mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous slender awn, 5 to 20 mm.
long; palea as long as the lemma or slightly longer, lanceolate, acute, the inflexed
sides one-third as broad as the internerve, the nerves scabrous.
The species ranges from southeastern Alaska to northern California, and in the
Rocky Mountains to Wyoming and Utah.
The following collections are representative:

ALASKA:
Foggy Bay, Coville & Kearney 2572.
Howkan, Frans 120.
Cape Fox, L. J. Cole, July 26, 1899.
British CoLuMBIA:
: Queen Charlotte Island, Newcombe, July 24, 1897.
Agassiz, Macoun 89.
Chilliwack Valley, Macoun 26113.
WASHINGTON:
Klickitat County, Suksdorf 170.
Seattle, Piper 938, 957.
Clallam County, E/mer 1918, 1916.
Blue Mountains, Horner 559.
Clark Springs, Spokane County, Avreager 38.
OREGON:
Wallowa Mountains, Cusick 2507.
Fagle Creek, Cusick 2434.
CALIFORNIA:
Moulton, Warner Mountains, Griffiths & Hunter 473.
IDAHO:
Lake Coeur d’ Alene, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 542.
WYOMING:
Welcome, Williams 2685.
Uran:
Ogden, Tracy 363.
| MontTANA:
Bozeman, Shear 465.
Columbia Falls, Blankinship 1042.

Subgenus Ill. Hesperocunoa subgen. nov.

Perennials, densely tufted, but producing occasional stout extravaginal stolons,
stigmas elongate, the numerous short branches arising from all sides, simple or but
little dentate; ovary deeply sulcate near the apex anteriorly, sparsely hispidulous
above; caryopsis beaked and bidentate at apex; hilum linear.

34. Festuca confinis Vasey.

Poa? kingii Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 387. 1871. Type in the National Herbarium,
collected by Watson in the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, July, 1868, altitude,
8,000 feet.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE xv.

FESTUCA CONFINIS VASEY. 5

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA, 4]

Festuca confinis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, 11: 126. 1884. Type in the National
Herbarium, collected by Dr. George Vasey at Penn Gulch, Colorado, altitude 8,000
feet.

Festuca kingii Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 36.1897. Transfers
Poa? kingii Wats.

Festuca watsoni Nash in Britt. Man. 148. 1901. Proposes a new name for Loa?
kingii Wats. on account of the older Festuca kingiana Endl.

DESCRIPTION,

Perennial, pale green, usually densely tufted, but occasionally producing stout,
scaly, extrayaginal stolons; culms stout, striate, glabrous, 40 to 100 cm. high, mostly
2-jointed; sheaths smooth, striate, about half as long as the internodes; ligule scarious,
ciliate 1 to 7 mm. long; blades firm, flat, or loosely involute, coarsely striate, acute,
10 to 30 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle narrow, erect, 8 to 20 cm. long; rays
_ short, appressed, scabrous, in 6 to 8 sets of 1 to 3 each, floriferous nearly to the base;
spikelets rather turgid, 3 to 5-flowered, 6 to 10 mm. long; joints of the rachilla cylin-
dric, 1 to 2 mm. long, scabrous on the basal half; glumes broadly lanceolate, sub-
scarious, nearly smooth, shining, the lower l-nerved, 3 to 4.5 mm. long, the upper
3-nerved, one-half longer; lemma ovate, acuminate, convex, faintly nerved, scabrous
all over the back, 5 to 8 mm. long; palea broadly lanceolate, obtuse, scabrous-ciliate
on the keels, shorter than the lemma, the inflexed sides one-third as broad as the
internerve; ovary sparsely hispidulous at apex, the stigmas 3 or 4 times as long.
(PLATE XV.)

‘This species occurs in California, Nevada, southeastern Oregon, Utah, Wyoming,
Montana, and Idaho.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Drawn from specimen collected on Stove Prairie, Larimer County,
Colorado, by Osterhout, June 23, 1897; plant one-half natural size; ovary enlarged ten diameters, the
other parts five diameters.

34a. Festuca confinis rabiosa subsp. nov.

Leaves narrow, closely involute; lemma short-awned.
Collected on a branch of Crazy Womans Creek, Wyoming, at 2,700 meters altitude,
by Williams and Griffiths (no. 25), July 3, 1898.

UNIDENTIFIED SPECIES.

Festuca ? delawarica (Link) Kunth, Rey. Gram. 1:129. 1829. (Poa delawarica Link,
Hort. Berol. 1:174. 1827.) Type from Delaware. Evidently a Puccinellia.

Festuca glabra Spreng. Syst. 1: 353.1824. Type from ‘‘ Long Island, Amer. Bor.’
Probably a Puccinellia.

Festuca pseudoduriuscula Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 312. 1854. Based on Drummond’s
398 from Texas. An unnamed variety of the above is mentioned, based on Drum-
mond’s 389, also from Texas. A specimen of the latter in the Gray Herbarium is /%s-
tuca oblusa Spreng., but this is not consistent with Steudel’s description.

Festuca texana Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 310. 1854. Based on Drummond’s 387 from
Texas.

Festuca villiflora Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 313. 1854. Type from Labrador. Probably
EF. rubra kitaibeliana ex char.

,

SPECIES EXCLUDED.

:
Festuca acutiflora Bigel. Fl. Bost. 37. = Panicularia acutiflora.

Festuca agrostidea La Pylaie, Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 4: 421, nom. nud.

Festuca aquatica Bose; R. & 8. Syst. 2: 615, as synonym. =Leptochloa fascicularis.
Festuca bicornis Schreb.; Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 628, as synonym. =Vanicularia

acutiflora.

42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Festuca borealis Mert. & Koch in Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 1: 664. =Graphe-

phorum arundinaceum, -

Festuca borealis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 251. =Graphephorum festucaceum.

Festuca brevifolia Muhl. Gram. 167. = Triplasis purpurea.

Festuca caroliniana Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 312. = Triplasis purpurea, ex char.

Festuca cepacea Phil. Linnaea 33: 297. = Melica cepacea Scribner.

Festuca clandestina Muhl. Gram. 162. = Leptochloa fascicularis.

Festuca decumbens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. =Triodia decumbens.

Festuca diandra Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 67. pl. 10. =Korycarpus diandrus Kuntze.

Festuca distans Kunth, Rey. Gram. 1: 129. = DPuccinellia distans.

Festuca distichophylla Michx. Fl. Bor. Am, 1:67. = Distichlis spicata.

Festuca fascicularis Lam. Tab. Eneyecl. 1: 189. = Leptochloa fascicularis.

Festuca filiformis Lam. Tab. Encyel. 1: 191. = Leptochloa mucronata,

Festuca fluitans L. Sp. Pl. 1:75. =Panicularia fluitans.

Festuca grandiflora Lam. Tab. Eneyel. 1: 84. =.Arundinaria macrosperma fide Steu-
del, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 630.

Festuca grandiflora Lam. Tab. Eneyel. 1:191. = Panicularia acutiflora.

Festuca macrostachya Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 24: 177, nom. nud. =Seleropogon
brevifolius, staminate plant, fide specimen in Herb. Gray.

Festuca multiflora Walt. Fl. Car. 81. =Leptochloa mucronata.

Festuca neogaea Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 313. Through the kindness of Mons. Ray-
mond Le Bey we have received some spikelets of the type of this plant preserved in
the University of Caen. The species is unquestionably Poa eminens Presl ( Poa glu-
maris Trin. ).

Festuca nervosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 251. ° = Poa nervosa.

Festuca ? nuttalliana Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1: 129. = Puccinellia airoides.

Festuca obtusiflora Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 356. = Leptochloa dubia.

Festuca polystachya Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 66. = Leptochloa fascicularis.

Festuca procumbens Muhl. Gram. 160. =Leptochloa fascicularis.

Festuca prostrata Muhl.; Merrill, Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 5. = Leptochloa fascicularis.

Festuca purpurea F. Newell, Sel. Pl. Indust. Cult. 88. = Triplasis purpurea.

Festuca purpurea Schreb.; Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 632. = Triodia cuprea.
Festuca rigida (1..) Kunth, Rey. Gram. 1: 129. 1829. =Scleropoa rigida.
Festuca spicata Nutt. Gen. 1: 72. = Distichlis spicata ex char.

Festuca spicata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 82. == Agropyron divergens Nees.
Festuca triticea Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 190. = Distichlis spicata.

Festuca triticoides Lam.; R. & S. Syst. 2: 596. = Distichlis spicata.
Festuca unioloides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 3. pl. 3. == Bromus unioloides.
Festuca virgata Lam. Ill. 1: 189. == Leptochloa virgata.

NOTES ON MEXICAN SPECIES.

The Mexican species of Festuca are too poorly known and too sparsely represented
in our herbaria to permit of satisfactory treatment at present. The following notes
give our present knowledge concerning them:

Festuca octofiora Walt.

The following Mexican specimens have been examined:
Guadalupe Island, Palmer 657.
Hanson’s ranch, Orcutt, July 9, 1884.
Guadalupe Ranch, Orcutt 1432 in part.
San Martin Island, Anthony 214.
Todos Santos Island, Anthony 195.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA, 43

Festuca octoflora hirtella Piper.
See page 12.

Festuca pacifica Piper.
See page 12.

Festuca myuros L.

Near Toluca, State of Mexico, Rose & Painter 6786.
Mount Iztaccihuatl, Deam 22.

Festuca megalura Nutt.
See page 17.

Festuca rubra glaucodea Piper.
See page 22.

Festuca ovina elliptica ( Beal).

Festuca amplissima elliptica Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 603. 1896. Type collected in
the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, by Pringle (no. 1438). Also collected in the State of
Durango, by Rose (no. 2358).

This plant is closely allied to F. ovina arizonica Hack., differing in its broader,
loosely involute leaves, which are scabrous above and smooth beneath, and perhaps
in a taller habit. Some specimens of Pringle’s 1438 are awnless, others are short-
awned.

Festuca hephaestophila Nees.

Festuca hephaestophila Nees; Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 310. 1854, Type Hartweg’s no.
629 from Volcan de Agua, Guatemala.

DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted, the underground portions of the stems erect or decumbent, densely
covered by the persisting brown scarious sheaths; culms erect, 10 to 40 em. high,
smooth, 2-jointed; sheaths of the culm elongated, extending halfway to the panicle
or more, smooth, somewhat glaucous; ligule very short; blades straight or curved,
closely involute, firm, glaucous, acute at apex, slightly scabrous on the margins, 2 to
6 cm. long; panicle purple, erect, narrow, usually close, 2 to 5, rarely 8, cm. long;
rays short, solitary, scabrous on the angles, floriferous nearly to the base; spikelets
3 or 4-flowered, 5 to 6 mm. long, somewhat glaucous; joints of the rachilla cylindric-
clavate, nearly smooth, 1 mm. long; glumes unequal, smooth or scabrous on the
keels, scarious-margined, the lower subulate-triangular, l-nerved, 2 to 3 mm. long,
the upper 3-nerved, rarely 5-nerved, + to 4.5 mm. long; lemma firm, convex, faintly
nerved, ovate-oblong, acuminate, smooth, 3 to 5 mm. long; palea oblong, shorter
than the lemma, bifid at apex, the nerves scabrous; ovary glabrous at apex.

The following specimens have been examined:

Mount Orizaba, Liebmann 409.
Mount Orizaba, Pringle 8588.
Nevada de Toluca, Pringle 4221.
Iztaccihuatl, Purpus 228.

Festuca liebmanni Fourn.

Festuca liebmanni Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 124. 1881.

‘**Foliis scaberrimis longissimis lineari-lanceolatis, summo paniculam superante,
ligula brevi fimbriata; panicula racemosa erecta, axillis glabris, radiolisappressisscabris;
spiculis 4-5-floris, flore terminali abortivo; glumis valde inaequalibus, superiore fere

12364—06—4

44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

duplo majore obtusa; palea inferiore 5-nervi apice potissimum et in mesoneryo promi-
nente scabra, secus marginem erubescente, apice longe mucronata; palea superiore
angusta breviore bidentata.

‘‘Absque loco (Liebm. n. 517).”’

This species is unknown to us.

Festuca tolucensis H. B. K.

Festuca tolucensis H. B. K., together with its supposed synonyms F. multiculmis
Steud., and /. aequipaleata Fourn., belong to a group of Mexican species that we are
unable to clear up with the evidence and material at hand. The group differs from
other Mexican species by the leaves possessing large ligules and the palea being bifid.
The species are allied to F. thurberi Vasey, but differ in the bifid palea and awned
lemma.

The following are the original descriptions:

Festuca tolucensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 153. 1815.

‘*F. culmis, vaginis foliisque scabris, setaceo-triquetris; panicula simplici, laxa,
ramis alternis, rhachique scabris; spiculis obovato-oblongis, compressis, subsexfloris;
glumis paleisque scabris; arista brevi.

“Orescit in montosis, scopulosis, apricis regni Mexicani, inter Isiahuaca et Toluca, alt.
1380 hexap. Y& Floret Septembri.

‘Radix fibrosa. Culmi caespitosi, erecti, bipedales, simplices, striati, seabriusculi.
Folia convoluto-setacea, triquetra, apice subulata, scabra. Vaginae striatae, carinatae,
scabrae. Ligula ovata, obtusa, glabra. Panicula simplex, laxa, quadri- aut quin-
quepollicaris, ramis alternis, adscendenti-patulis, triquetris, scabris, distantibus.
Rhachis triquetra, scabra. Spiculae obovato-oblongae, quinque- aut sexflorae, flori-
bus distantibus. Glumae ovato-lanceolatae, acuminato-subulatae, carinatae, purpur-
ascentes, scabrae, inaequales, inferior dimidio brevior et angustior, superior spicula
dimidio brevior. Paleae lanceolatae, purpurascentes, scabrae, apice bidentatae,
inferior superiore paullo longior, inter dentes breviter aristata, superior bicarinata.”’

Festuca multiculmis Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 310. 1854.

‘*Radice validule fibrosa, caespitifera, caespitibus constantibus e plurimis culmis
sterilibus foliiformi convolutis rigidis basi vaginatis et foliiferis culmum fertilem
(solitarium, an semper) aequantibus; vaginis striatis foliis brevibus conyolutis; culmi
floriferi foliis inferioribus sterilibus similibus, superioribus planiusculis angustissimis;
vaginis scabriusculis; panicula simplici (2-3-pollicari) laxa; radiis solitariis alternis
inferioribus 3- superioribus uni-spiculatis; spiculis ovyatis patulis laxis (3 ’’’ et ultra
longis) sub-5-floris glumis inaequalibus flosculis brevioribus; valvula inferiore scabra
fusco purpurea infra lutescenti-albida obscure nervosa simpliciter acuminata vel ex
apice brevissime bidentula aristulata. An F. tolucensis H. B. var.? Heller Hrbr.
nr. 306. Mons Tolucco Mexico.’’

Festuca aequipaleata Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 125. 1881.

‘‘Differt a F. Tolucensi foliis retrorsum scabris, paleis aequalibus, inferiore brevi-
ter mucronata, superiore profunde bifida.

‘*In monte Orizabensi, 14,000’ (Liebm. n. 511, 513).”’

In the National Herbarium are two sheets of specimens from Fournier, one of no.
511, Liebmann, the type of F. aequipaleata Fourn., the other no. 510, Liebmann,
referred by Fournier to F. tolucensis H. B. K. Both of these sheets are mixtures,
each containing apparently two species, representing in all three species, or else
three forms of one variable species. The specimens all agree in having large ligules
awned lemmas, and bidentate paleae, but differ in the form of the panicle, the size of
the spikelets, and the shape of the florets. To complicate matters still more the
remaining sheets examined all differ more or less, while retaining the essential char-

PLIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 45

acters of tufted habit, narrow involute leaves, long ligule, and awned lemma. Addi-
tional material is necessary before any satisfactory conclusion can be reached.
Specimens have been examined as follows:

Nevada de Toluca, Rose & Painter 7983.

Mount Orizaba, Seaton 193, 228.

Without locality, Liebmann 510, 511.

San Luis Potosi, Parry & Palmer 924.

Near Cima, Rose & Painter 7208.

Festuca rosei sp. nov.

Perennial, tufted; culms stout, over | meter high, 4 or 5-jointed, smooth and
glabrous; sheaths smooth, those of the lower internodes equaling or exceeding
them; ligule short, ciliate; blades of the numerous basal leaves filiform and inyo-
‘lute, smooth, 30 to 40 cm. long, those of the culm stouter; panicle narrow, erect,
about 20 em. long; rays in about 5 sets, solitary, but nearly all with a short basal
branch, somewhat scabrous on the angles; spikelets purplish, somewhat glaucous,
oblong, 7 to 9 mm. long, 3 to 5-flowered; joints of the rachilla nearly smooth, cylin-
dric; glumes unequal, firm in texture, scabrous on the nerve above, the lower lanceo-
late, 1-nerved, 3 to 4 mm. long, the upper oblong, 3-nerved, 4 to 5mm. long; lemma
firm in texture, with a very narrow scarious margin, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
obscurely glaucous, 6 to 7 mm. long; palea lanceolate, bidentate, scabrous on the
nerves, the inflexed sides less than half the internerve.

Type specimen collected near Cima, State of Mexico, by J. N. Rose and J. H.
Painter (no. 7210), September 19, 1903.

This species is readily distinguished from any other known to us by its very slender
leaves, stout culms, short ligules, and awnless lemmas.

Festuca willdenowiana Wchultes.

Festuca mexicana Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 356. 1825.

‘*F, panicula nutante pauciflora, ramis flexuosis, spiculis 3-fioris strigoso-hispidis
aristatis, foliis linearibus angustissimis. Mexico.’’

Festuca willdenowiana Schultes, Mant. 3: 650. 1825. Changes name of above, owing
to the older Festuca mexicana R. & S. Syst. 2: 732. 1817.

Fournier, followed by Hemsley, refers to this species a specimen collected by
Schaffner without locality.

We have seen no authentic material of this species, but we would refer to it with
little doubt the following specimens: Seaton 227 B, collected on Mount Orizaba,
4,200 meters altitude, August 7, 1891, and Pringle 4484, Sierra de las Cruces, State of
Mexico, August 12,1893. The former specimen is the type of Festuca rubra pauciflora
Scribner. @

DESCRIPTION.

A tufted perennial; culms slender, erect, smooth and shining, 3-jointed, about
60 em. high; sheaths striate, glabrous, shorter than the internodes; ligule nearly
obsolete; blades narrow, pale green, rather soft, very smooth, loosely involute, 10
to 45 cm. long, acute at the apex; panicle narrow, 10 to 15 cm. long, nodding; rays
slender, solitary, ascending, in about 3 sets, scabrous on the angles, pulvillate at
base; spikelets pale green or somewhat purplish, lanceolate, 3 or 4-flowered, 8 to 10
mm. long; joints of the rachilla cylindric, scabrous, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; glumes gla-

56) 5

brous, unequal, the lower subulate-lanceolate, 1-nerved, 2 to 3 mm. long, the upper

a@ Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 123. 1893.

-

46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3-nerved, 4 mm. long; lemma lanceolate, plainly 5-nerved, convex, the whole back
appressed-scabrous or nearly hirtellous, about 7 mm. long, acuminate or often short-
awned; palea linear-lanceolate, cleft at apex, about equaling the lemma, the nerves
scabrous, the inflexed sides half as broad as the internerve.

Festuca fratercula Rupr.

Festuca fratercula Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 124. 1881.

‘*Culmo fere tripedali scabro; foliis 3 ’’’ latis, retrorsum scabris, longis, planis,
apice longe convolutis; ligula brevissima; panicula libera effusa fere pedali folium
summum longe superante, radiis geminis divaricatis inaequalibus parce divisis;
spiculis 3-floris cum terminali quarto abortivo; glumis inaequalibus acutis, floribus
teretibus remotis, palea inferiore acuta potissimum in floribus summis breviter
mucronata, glabra; squamulis lanceolatis ovarium aequantibus.

‘*In humidis inter Pinos montis Orizabensis, 11-12000 ’ (Gal. n. 5778); Cumbre de
Estepa, augusto (Liebm. ) ’’

We have seen no Mexican specimens of this species, but have referred to it several
collections from the United States. @

Festuca amplissima Rupr.

Festuca amplissima Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 125. 1881.
Type collected by Galeotti, ‘‘Secus rivulos pr. Vaqueria del Jacal in monte Oriza-
bensi,’’ 3.225 meters.
DESCRIPTION.

Culms stout, | to 1.5 meters high, smooth or scabridulous, firm, 4 or 5-jointed;
sheaths glabrous, striate above, shorter than the internodes, the lowermost becoming
fibrous when old; ligule very short, truncate; blades flat or loosely involute, 6 to 12
mm. broad, 30 to 50 em. long, slightly scabrous on each side; panicle 30 to 50 em.
long, erect, diffuse; rays in about 8 sets of 2 or 3 each, scabrous, branched; spikelets
green or purplish, long-stalked, oblong-elliptic, flattened, 5 to 9-flowered, 9 to 13
mm. long; joints of the rachilla scabrous, about 1 mm. long; glumes unequal, gla-
brous, the lower 1-nerved, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, the upper broader, 3-nerved, 5 to
6mm. long; lemma 6 to 7 mm. long, lanceolate, finely scabrous, subcarinate, the
nerves rather prominent, acute; palea acute, a little shorter than the lemma, the
nerves scabrous, the inflexed sides about half the width of the internerye.

Readily recognized by its stout habit and ample floribund panicle.

The following specimens have been examined:

Sierra de Ajusco, Pringle 9555.

Sierra de San Felipe, C. L. Smith 924.

Mount Zempoaltepec, Nelson 648.

Mountains near Patzcuaro, Pringle 3945.
Mount Orizaba, Liebmann (ex Fournier).
Desierto Viejo, Bourgeau 1307 (ex Fournier).

3 Festuca livida (H. B. K.) Willd.

Bromus lividus H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 150. pl. 689. 1815. ‘Crescit in alta
planitie Tolucana, alt. 1380 hexap.”’

Schedonorus lividus R. & S. Syst. 2: 707. 1817.

Festuca livida Willd. in Spreng. Syst. 1: 258. 1825.

Helleria livida Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 129. 1881. All of these are based on Bromus
lividus H. B. K.

Festuca grandiflora Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 311. 1854. Based on Heller’s 315 from
Volcano de Toluca.

aSee p. 39 above.

PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 47
DESCRIPTION.

Densely tufted; culms smooth, 10 to 20 em. high, nearly covered by the overlap-
ping sheaths; sheaths smooth, about 6 to each culm; ligule truncate, scarious, 0.5 mm.
long; blades closely involute, very smooth, erect, 5 to 8 cm. long; panicle consisting
of few to several (2 to 15) large purple spikelets; spikelets 10 to 14 mm. long, 2 to
4-flowered; joints of the rachilla hispidulous, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; glumes subequal,
lanceolate, smooth or minutely scabrous, 10 to 15 mm. long, nearly equaling the
spikelet; lemma minutely scabrous, elliptic-lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long, bearing a
short, straight awn; palea shorter than the lemma, bidentate at apex, scabrous on
the nerves, the inflexed sides half as broad as the internerve.

A very peculiar species upon which Fournier founded the genus Helleria, which,
however, seems not distinct enough from Festuca. The species was poorly figured
by H. B. K., but has been finely plated by Hemsley.

The following specimens have been examined:

Crater of Nevado de Toluca, Pringle 4304, Rose & Painter 8017.
Iztaccihuatl, Purpus 27.

Perote, Nelson 45.

Voleano Toluca, Nelson 3.

Mount Orizaba, Liebmann.

Festuca procera H. B. K.

Festuca procera H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 154. 1815. ‘‘Crescit locis alsis, sub-
frigidis regni Quitensis prope Chillo, San Antonio de Lulumbamba et Lloa, inter
alt. 1280 et 1470 hexap.”’

Diplachne procera Spreng. Syst. 1: 351. 1825. ** Quito.’
in herbarium and F. procera Humb. are cited as synonyms.

Festuca orgyalis Willd.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 124. 1886. Based on Diplachne pro-
cera Spreng.

Fournier cites as a Mexican specimen Bonpland’s no. 2285 in Herbarium Mus. Par.
‘tabsque loco, e Nova-Hispania,’’ and further remarks that it differs from F. procera
H. B. K. especially in its smooth culm, implying that /. orgya/lis is distinct from that.
Hemsley cites /. orgyalis as from South Mexico—on the authority of Humboldt and
Bonpland. But F. orgyalis is founded on the name Diplachne procera Spreng. and
on nothing else; and this in turn seems clearly founded on Festuca procera H. B. K.,
notwithstanding that Sprengel says ‘‘culmo procero glabro,’”’ while H. B. K. have it
‘‘culmo seabro.’’ The literary evidence indicates that the supposed Mexican speci-
men of Bonpland is probably some of the original material of Festuca procera. The
species is unknown to us.

b]

Festuca orgyalis Willd.

Festuca mirabilis sp. noy.

Densely tufted; culms very stout, 1 to 2 meters high, 4-jointed, cylindric, smooth,
faintly striate; sheaths striate, scabrous, mostly shorter than the internodes; blades
pale-green, firm, mostly folded, 3 to 5 mm. broad, striate and scabrous on both sides,
50 to 80 cm. in length, long-attenuate to the apex; ligule scarious, truncate, short
on the basal leaves, 4 to 5 mm. long on the culm leaves; panicle 20 to 30 em.
long, rather loose, usually secund, somewhat drooping, equaled or overtopped by
the uppermost leaf; axis smooth below, scabrous above; rays in about seven series,
usually in twos, slender, scabrous, simple or with but few branches, spikelet-bearing
at the tips; spikelets yellowish-green, strongly flattened, 5 to 7-flowered, 1.5 to 2.cm.
long; joints of the rachilla cylindric, 1 to 2 mm. long, strongly scabrous-hirtellous;

glumes subulate, the lower l-nerved, 7 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 10 mm. long;

«Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 528. pl. 102 b.

45 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

lemma sparsely scabro-hirtellous all over, the lower 12 to 15 mm. long, firm, green,
strongly keeled nearly to the base, bifid at apex, and bearing a scabrous awn 3 to 4
mm. long; callus prominent, smooth; palea lanceolate, sparsely hirtellous, bifid at
apex, equaling ora little exceeding the lemma, fhe inflexed sides half as broad as
the internerve; stamens yellow, linear, 5 mm. long; ovary smooth.

Collected at Alvarez, about 2,700 meters altitude, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
by Dr. Edward Palmer, July, 1904.

This remarkable species is larger and coarser than any other native North Ameri-
can or Mexican species.

The following notes have been contributed by the discoverer, Dr. Edward Palmer:

‘‘This grass is called ‘zacate yerba,’ and causes concern to owners of domestic
animals. It grows in low, rich lands in large bunches 3 to 4 feet high, and has a
yellowish cast. Domestic animals once injured by eating this grass, and haying
recovered, are said to avoid it afterwards. Three jackasses were poisoned by it at
the time of my visit to Alvarez. They quickly became dizzy and helpless. Doses
of oil and beans were promptly administered, which relieved two, but the third
died. The animal which died had been on the place fora long time. It is com-
monly supposed that only animals new to the country eat this grass. It is probable
that if the beans had been pounded fine before administering, a more rapid action
would have resulted. There was so much good grass this year that it was not neces-
sity that drove the animals to eat this rough, rasp-leaved plant. It is a question
whether death resulted from some poisonous quality or from mechanical injury to
the stomach caused by the rough leaves.”’

MEXICAN SPECIES EXCLUDED.

Festuca fascicularis Lam. Tabl. Encye. 1: 189. = Leptochloa fascicularis Gray.
Festuca fournieriana Hemsl. Biol. Cent. Am. 3: 581. = Gouinia polygama Fourn.
Festuca mexicana R. & 8. Syst. 2: 7382. = Brachypodium mexicanum Link.
Festuca obtusiflora Willd; Spreng. Syst. 1: 356. = Leptochloa dubia Nees.
Festuca pendulina Steud. Syst. 1: 356. = Bromus pendulinus Sessé.

Festuca pilosa Willd; Spreng. Syst. 1: 356. = Megastachya panamensis Presl.
Festuca scabra Lag. Gen. et Sp. 4. = Brachypodium mexicanum Link.

Festuca virgata Lam. Ill. 1: 189. = Leptochloa virgata Beauv.

LN &

[Synonyms in italics.

eryonwnwbanut

cs

Page.
Agropyronm Givergens...........-.-.-+..-4--- 42
Co ln hE ee eee ae 4
Arundinaria macrosperma ............-.... 42
Aas ae
PIPED SER Go| ooo 2 Sn ta wee'sn ss
Brachypodium mexicanum ................
UMERIRNOIS AT MOCUIRIR is oe 8 oon a win eile oeiec- ee
ULL Aust dea a
Pa Te e o oo Bek S vide wwe a
0 OST a
DMN ea re ni ane pwr aisen os 38
ST a ee ee
SEEN ar os OAS Ow oe oe 4
OEE sR AE SN, ea RR 5 ee 4
NINN gn rien cms Sawai
SEU Ch Se ane ee eae 1
Fae RE She os he, PS wc". 23
Rear eet ee ee Oe ie Shiai s 5 sian 2
UG eo eee ee 42
LE ET foe alee ee a a re 3
PIRI re a en Sialic cities od aixiatain 3
OF ST OT Se 3 |
Up OD (Se 2 Soe apie Ce ee 3
(LEE TE ee Ee ee 3
BanGHrerass, ATIZONA. . ..... .---2- cece ene Bee 6
‘DT. See 52 ee See Seen ee eer ea 6,28 |
COT Se ee 4
0 ER A ee 4
I oS Sn cn Rowen e's 3,5
DRMIMMII Dg ors ns Sa eb smc adie a Sens ean 3
CO ee nee oe 4
0 ee 4
Up EG Ta 2 Se ne ee 5
OE OTN Tn ES SS 2
FEE a oars oo Soa sia ais ate Sie, 3
OO phe eg eS ee 3,19
[ORS a 3 |
CE NS ite C0 a 3
Tg 1! a 47
CO” OE ES ie ee ene eee 29
PRIMAILIRIS PIO LE,.. .S Scena 5 nn eas woman nae ne 42
EL OONMIAL IID 60-5) io os acto ae sla soen =e see 4
UES ee sh. = Shs SSS enemy Sumescwenns 4
DA ladle, 3 « ita Gian o's, le wwe ie wie 4
lars nil taS witin gn doves paws se 4
UTERO TINUED sa sinks = wee on.viseutacn yun sa 4
NT OL SEE SI Re Pe OS Ste 4
BUORLUCH, RBUDPCRUS. 2.5.6 i. scccececcts oecnee 9,20
ot eine 23 |p EO 6
TEE) TiS ee ee a 6
Gh 1ats Aan Waa ids an nthe sad Wien 6

Black-faced figures indicate pages of principal treatment. ]

Page.

PRESUMED acids sah edo) aan eaenebesem coupe s
OUI na cel cf mee anta diese aie te 41
BEG OLPHICH UR. ooo on on autncaue meen oa eee 44
OROMMUILCN o-oo Sawct as) vamseeanaewn's 4)
EMER Se eee yet a oo ee ee 6,7,31
STITT OS EOE EEE PT 36, 38
PIRECTICONO So. os Sa cew and cue s'de nuts sdecee 33
RIMGHM VRE s oe pc yi fon et pecs enaw a wodk 2, 20
amethystina asperrima .........-.------- 27
SEPA UIGSI ED cee Se ora ls we See ae Aeie 46
MOTE Cod Feil Bis oo Se ey 41
COTE le ne oe ae, So aca os wR 23
SURISGERL ats err ee nc oe eee 32
pabadslly & ieee, A= See eae 33
TRC OUREIL Sah ae ate ee ie at ace acaliore 29
AT TENALIONMECA Dee oe ae eta a oP ng Bice Orn 34
arundinacea conferta.................--- 38
ISVICE EINE ot eye eh Ae on os See 27
NYE 2 (i) 0°) Sel Se pee gem yh cee ee Oe ee 23
PU. ae ee nods ae Sams 23
(LEE Ey 9 (an ae ted PEE, oe ae se 41
BORER nER <n ee rag ie See 42
AEE 1G TATE eet ee ERs A 27
TCT OMIM Ae 3 o> © rte olen oe epee 27, 42
TEOMGORS 227 St ee Se et Shas See 3, 4,18
COOMA Se oo ea an Pea esnie ak 32
CUMIN OIE es a a er Ae a Rs mg i 32
Op LET Be, RI mye np Se De 27
RUROINI See cos = So oe oto waen ue 42
Porte Dat 2 NC 2 ne See ee 4
en aMRI NC ee Reo SSO a Cotas cw wns ielalutnle 42
Se AT pg Se ip ee ae ea 4
PRIEODNE hs See eee ses 5 cscian Sek dae os 42
TELE ETS yey aa ee a ae 7,40
CLO) Gh: ie oe i ee 41
WOTIIBES . nc. Got neces Beer et aan anne lL:
CIT ae ae ak eS eae >. Se ee 2
IN 0 a 7,34
SII ON er SSS Tao Ie esto ac A lwo 2,42
BE od ann ois soos kesn tk ene ovens 4]
SIENNA sok os Is Os 2a eine ww 3H
Nee Nr PS iar ick Salida oe 42
IIR eat is wa ince cn saa wee sel 42
SEER TTI gg st Side ns es mpcliem aee 42
I Me Tos so ice Cave ales nee oe 3
Cee oats ow sin he no endenic ous 2, 27
tL a Re Ps a a 23
ee Se i 16
IN een oe ad wea nine ah 2,3, 6,7, 33
Sep i i a errr 7,34
Cg ee Ee Se ee eer 6,7

—

VIII CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

| Festuca—Continued.
ovina—Continued.

Festuca—Continued. Page.
GUMGE 65 cn conn anscduken kvenh eed 37
MOEUPIONG . Lu. cee catenapescecanna 3s
OFRIGHN | . Jan Scene cadichhex-hs seadiien 13
SUSCIOUIONSS Anos da kes fasea ts oc eaeb ee 42,48
JOMMCOUAORs. Base care > Ses Punk an eee 33
RIOT ONES « . hana a ee oo pea te a 42
RMR os nha sng ansn tens en eee 2,3, 42
FOULTACTIONG.. 5.5% -: eceukeua~cncbaee nae 48
PPAUCRTOUIR <= - ss ne eeu een ae 39,46
gigantea ....... = ee Raa eee 2,3,4,38 |
CEI ia 5 ck ais KG ale a oes oe te ee ee 41
PIGNCORCBIE. 5.2. 6c nts aeereeane seks 22
GUUCCROERE = a... Ss oak ee eee 22
GRACUENID .o.c en sa, eee eee ese see 11
praciilinsa o/c: << S eee K tenn bee oe eee 30
QVONGEROTG,. 0. Sins ak wae ce eR Ree 42,46
STAGE © cepa a\ Bee acon eee eee ee 14
nepnacstophlin.: -. cc. tn eee ae 43
UND) Ee ce eee ee ee a ed eS 7,31
MOWOII <44.0555.003 7. cee eee: Oe oe 30
iiahoensis 7... ei ee see eee eee ee 28
JOHBSOD.5..0. 2 eee eee ee 35
FORCES 05 ES eas eee eee 7, 24, 39
CONFEVATe Leh ees ti tiee tee eee 38
kalmet Gristulaie®s.-..<.2t-. eee 32 |
kingiane, 22> cot- .ci uk useneeewcesebees 41
RAG oe eee. s eee eee eee Bey = S|
RilatbeltanG wee... = ees ee ee 23
lnchensiih sc. . 25k ee eee 3
LATMAMJINOBG. <. <c% <2 255 Sek eee 23
Lliebmanni 2c. ec HIEs ecole 43
TiVIGS.. < os6 ab A hn eo eee ee ee ees 4,46
1OMOCEG oe ee ee ee ee 3
macrostacin/s. 62+ <2-=< kt Sel eee 42
BURSTS. Oot babe oun eh ce cote eens Sue 2,4
meralura: 25235 5-2. Ses oe ee 17,43
PAETICONG. 2). 6 eee i oe ee eee ce ee 45, 48
WICTOSTECO NA Go ee. tne eee cae 7,15
Citas eee tee eae Oe. chen eee 13
mirabilis: 26. ¢:< 2. se Bee ee 2 eee 47
(NOMUNGNG) 224. Ae aee eee te oe See 3,19
mA GulmMiIS - o> os wees cae eee ee 44
UB ROTG 205 oA: 2 BRS eee 5 oe Sean 22, 42
muralis ......- Be eer eet ae 17
PAYER ase fo eee eee 2,3,4, 7,16
ORT ORG ere Se ene a ee ee 17
NEGGUER sso ee ood eae hos se ee 42
RETOUR: «i. on Sas do ee eee ae oe ean eee 42 |
CNIMONE |. sorb. orien see ee eee ees 7,34 —
GORTBONS ofa abn = ee ae ne 35 |
GON g Be on ee eee ee eae ate 32,35 |
POUBTIS ace sb eee et aes ae 34
GROOT woe ie ote once eee ere ee 35
PU otc bene eee eee 42
Obtueie.t ee bee ee 34
obtusiflora..... Biickipl sk whatnot ee ee 42,48
Occidenialig 3.556075. <5 ot eee eee 24
OCIDHORES Fev se oa a a eee 6,7, 11, 42
OUIMLIEG nos ae ee = eae eee 11
RITUCH Sd oe ek oes Se eee 12, 43
OFIOEG a hh tek hana eee hear eeeee ee 23
OTETONG. Siotiek abot nis or ae on ere ce a ee 21
ORIN AAD ans date ae ames cee eee ee 47 |
OUIGH) We here sake eee ear nee tee 1, 2,6,7,26 |
REICOTION. “ted Gat ia e acre Ce mere 6, 29, 43
DOPAGrIl 5 3 Jase oes Sees cue Saee 20

pacifica . ...-5....0..4ss00005 ee 7,12,
POTVIPLOTG, «2... 2 nas + acs nse een ,
paucifiora ..-........:s..seennneeeee
pectinella .............<20:.0ene ee :
pendulina. .........+..=++s5une eee
i
podeoides . 2... +... 05.5 scene

MOLYSAChYG = 222 «<5. --25 sce ee
Pratensis .. .-. once c. 2 ot ee 6,
procera « ....-....!.'..s0=s an eee
ProcumbENS .... 2.3: ..<s haces? eee
prostrala .2 . .2< =.-.2.snc oop eke
pseudoduriuscula. ....... cane
PuUubescens ~~... 0-225. kn
purpurea ....... Seeeet seanee tee
PUSila « . 2 == -2n---t =o ee ee
quadrifiora....... «...-.---s6seneeeeeee
QUAGTIflOTY ..<...05s~>--05 casas eee
TefleXS ..:. 2k. 2.02 eeusns sane 15
richardsoni .. «~~ <~ 10. dancastouh ee 23
TIPeSCENS. -.2 2-2 -45--- be eek 1,7, 29
TIGUAD... 02... ~ ssc as - nbn eee

brachyphylla ........... ee
Orevfolia... . 2... saccuntsee ontaeene 27

calligers. ... ......<+-scasiienaeennann
capillata.....30..scceeue PT he

Columbiana .........<s<esnuennee 28
duriuscula ... ... <2: s<coskenneeeeee 20, 27
elliptica ......<....0e0sseneeee 43
glaucescens « ........ss.decneeeeee 22
hiepidula .......abos.secapaeeeeee 26
ingrata...........sa»sas0=ee eee 6, 20, 28
OTEQONG 2... 2. 25s =» «<0ue pe 28
polyphylla ......<.cn005<55seNe eee 24
psammophila. :.....:.cewssesseeenee 30
peeudovina .. ..:..... aasueae eee 27
sciaphila ........<..=<ucneeeneeee 26
Suicata .......2:...0505eee eee 28
supina .............-5s00n nee 27
trachyphylla ........c. seem Saeed 20
vaginata....... us seaueeeeee eee 30
Valegiacn . .....:.acnccaseee ase eeeee 28
Vivipera....... 4.75 <eneee ee 26
Vulgaris .....:...:...ceueuen eee 25

&

QMeEriCONG c= <5. ss eee ee eee

BSBREERERS

SSrRSARES

ATODATIO .......5-+4<5555550eeeeeeeee
barbaia -..........-42ehseue seen
densiuscula ........5.)scoces eee
diver sifolia.....<....30s.nceskee eee
fallax .. 2. .5ccscsescs ene eee F
GQUAUCESENS 2.2. < an Scave se ee ;
glaucodea.......... 2. s0n= sane
grandiflora... «=. =. Ss age aera évaudewe
heterophylla ...-.2..{--.st=5eeeeee
kitaibeliana .... ...-..::2sssseeeeee
lanuginoss, 24.2.5 0s acs as eee
littoraas ...00<sn0060%85 5 dee
longiseta 2.2222. 7.2.5 5.) ene =es
megastachys ..........:5 a eeeee vee
multifiora ...i.0cs icsceans eke
POUCTAOTG. «wc nc caccessusseneeeeeeee
prolifera. ..........:s.00ssuseneeeee &
PYUIN O84. 4. sc eens en ce eneee oh

~

INDEX. Ix

Festuca—Continued. Page. | Page.
rubra—Continued. | ee PCE TPE EE LET CECE OEE ETOCEEe 3
PUDESCENS .. 2... 2-2 cece e cece eee eneee 2S | Doretas...s25 55. tadtuinh sh addvewadnoe'ak « 1
8 NS Sa ieee ee ae eee 23 | CI CoS gdcu i bas Spann ne ous Geox {
EIR ee ree hinds nly aS = «ins 23 oe gy wid ean cane cbarc ne de> ae H
SS 20 | OE EE Pee Pot CCP PLEP eer Terr eee {

SMI St esas oc duce aah doass ss 23 ie ioe RE yon A Ae a tM Sit sere ae {

ade ee ee 48 Megastachya panamensis ...........-....-- 48
0 Oe ee ee (Ma Er 2
ee eee 32 pO Ma AR eee Oe Oe ee 31
Ne ea So nh ome eens Senos RUN IN MOON ONIN a cat Met eta Sens hs abprnilainld we 3
ee eee ree 26 oe EE OR ee ee Se 3
yt te Le PR OMLUNTER 2 oo. oc cath ore mk atn. ak eee oe Sem os 3
OSS A Se ee eee eee 11 FLh TFs Fah) ce ae ee ns aa peer 3
es Es win Sa cin s oes Me CR ee. bio nc avn ddhedhanpounbexst 3
a See eer ee 42 RINE oy.< omega dod ces oe antes Saeee 3
eee eee 7,24, 39 OTE. Cee ae ee rR A SE 3 4
GUS SD Oke Ge oe BO PEAMICIALINe!.~ 25 Jc. Je. ee pee iene 5
i os wan SU Sean wen eens 27 <2) 0 pe i ee oe ee ey ge 42
ee eee ree 34 I a Se ea a RNa a ae ee ae 2, 42
MMe Fe ec cw 6 ~/cidie s'eaee a ae pL PE Ol CLI ON ICKL on as Seo ain le les oc we in toes 41
OSE? a ee eee i BDO TOM s ah ole ae es Ss wo te 2
8 ee ee ee 27 NE te eink we tues ee tae 2
USD: 2:25 ars 41 1003 Veg (Rays ed Se Eee ee 33
Wn Ee ee 39 MONTE T eee to eee Sk As 40
OO LEI 4 See ae ee 3 POR OCEL SS Sane ei. ew ite a aoe 3
EE ee eee 44 eign) see et Soe =. | Se renee ce 42
SS lu UR Ee eS ee a eee 42 TORIES Meee eae te a a oe 34
ES ll Se eee coegegeae 42 UNOCINIDENER tet ee ees on ier oe 2
tuberculosa. ...- eee ei see ad 4 PSD a ae a ee ce chan ee 3
IRANI CTAUG oe rae oni no a ow od ee ape os 3 SE Ro se Sn SESE wee eee cok ia 3
Eee 42 Sis] e 8S] pe a a 4
NESTINT TU el ES, Se PME EeROSD RUS te oc nes Ome ocak waeinecee oe 4
TLD 36 S88 G3 See rr Bo) er ee oe eer eer awh oe 4
OL a Bhs a a 41 | Puccinellia.......- BAe Se Eg ae Eee, Eee 5
TS AO ee 23 ON 2 es Se a ee Oe 42
iM MA ots = Site ole wine rola aroe wisc < 42, 48 SELES Gapmen segeliges, 32 55 - eee Mel ae ce, oe 42
oe eee eee God, 00. |: SCREHONOMER uo. ca ceuee ea. ccxe ceo ched aes 2
ee 26 A ee SR ee eRe aa t6
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LS See ee 3 WORE eet tas chs ban none ck aun awaaWeeue 2
eee Son BSE 0) 0): ae ee ee es ae ane eee 3,5
Co a a ee 3 RAE) Wee eas ooo on Se oe ew Rae Se 3,4, 42
OO a eee eee S | Scleropogon brevifolius ...................- 42
PrOMsIRIe POLVPREIA, 20... -22-----c--20--0. cee} gas) ELOY EN ACT 00s che ey nee ee ee 5
Graphephorum arundinaceum...........-.. i ee ae ey ne eee ees {
oe a 42 NE ee ket on aie stamale we {
Lo ee ee ee Rt Ee ee ee eee 2
Ie ies A a 46 CLR oe oO Peis See win os he 2
Hesperochloa, subgenus................... OU ee Cc os re ee {2
OOD EO Ci. ae ee ee 2 er 1 Li | [ee ney a rr oe 42
Rervrmners GianQrUss..... 2... ....--2.-.-..- Ses) (NTIPIBRIN-DUSPULER. on chosen ewe hw ace am ees 42
PACU UIOMMAUDIR 2 Scoot cee ene nts seco AZAR) SETURCUNELOUMGOOUNE aoe Fo scone wa Sw Sac S ew keds 3
OL SS eR oS re 2,10
SEIRBERERE TUNER es ee Beri = Smo Gein aw ole io ee ae 1) WELDERS HONE CINIR 2. 5 ac ws oie cw ae ocak sets s.10
SS Se ee 42, 48 NG has St an Sia depots ee oe 2
TOM oh oo oc a ne we ewe neee eu 4 WIR NEPEUUR.- <~ h wt ocs occa ck ed cee ee 17

Rr cote acted Sune eens chon taawn bee 4

[s *

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

~ CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME X, PART 2

THE GENUS PTELEA IN THE WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO

By EDWARD L. GREENE

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906

4 ak a Li the eee NS Bask. chet ene
ee Lee
SK v7 re “_ ,

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL TERBARIEM

VOLUME X. PART 2

THE GENUS PTELEA IN THE WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO

By EDWARD L. GREENE

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1906

IssuebD Juy 16, 1906.

PREFACE.

This paper by Dr. Edward L. Greene, Associate in Botany, United
States National Museum, is the result of an exhaustive study of the
western species of Ptelea. He finds that this genus instead of being
composed of only a few species is a very large one, and describes 59
species, of which 55 are new. His work is based chiefly on the large
series of specimens in the National Herbarium, in his own collection
now deposited here, and in Capt. John Donnell Smith’s, eventually to
come here, together with the collections of the late C. C. Parry and
that of the California Academy of Sciences.

The types are chiefly in the National Herbarium, and unless other-
wise indicated are to be understood as belonging here.

J. N. Ross,

Associate Curator.

III

CONTENTS.

Page.
IIe ig eee et eben nns west 49
Se te Pt aa 5 Suton cis eae nan -n-anness 53
I ESERIES ee os a ee he Swed nts - 02 57

THE GENUS PTELEA IN THE WESTERN AND. SOUTH-
WESTERN UNITED STATES AND MEXICO.

By Epwarp L. GREENE.

INTRODUCTION.

This genus, in so far as known exclusively North American, and in
my view of it somewhat anomalous and of not very certain affinity, has
been long in need of taxonomic investigation. In the days of George
Bentham and Asa Gray it was received as consisting of about five
species; one of them supposed to range all the way from New England
and Canada to the sources of the Mississippi, thence southward over
the whole country even to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. A
second Ptelea was recognized as local in Florida, while to all those
empires of territory lying westward between the Mississippi River
and the Pacific Ocean and including the whole of Mexico were credited
three species—all recognized as typically Mexican, but believed to
include all the Ptelea of Texas, of California, and of all the vast
regions lying between those States. It is, indeed, less than ten years
since it was given out that we have in all North America north of
Mexico only two species and two varieties of Ptelea.@

But in this first decade of the twentieth century everyone will rec-
ognize that such a range as has been accorded to Bentham’s middle
Mexican /?. angustifolia is impossible—at least, to any mind having an
understanding of all those extremes of diversity as to soil, climate,
altitude, and other potently influential conditions which exist between
southern Mexico and such regions as Texas and Oklahoma on the one
hand and Arizona and northern California on the other.

It was long since due that the investigation of this genus as existing
in the West and Southwest should be taken in hand. The center
of distribution for Ptelea lies somewhere in that direction. The
uncounted canyons cutting into the great Mexican plateau, so rich in
species of many another genus, abound in Pteleas, and so do Mexican
mountains everywhere. The like is as true of perhaps a hundred

4Synoptical Flora of North America, volume 1, part 1, pp. 372, 573. 1897.
49

50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

isolated mountain ranges of less extent rising up out of the midst of
west Texan, New Mexican, and Arizonian deserts, which might be
even more prolific of Ptelea species. The Grand Canyon of the Colo-
rado and its tributary gorges seem to abound in them, all hitherto
undescribed; and the same is true in respect to other extensive dis-
tricts, all quite different one from another, in Utah, New Mexico,
Colorado, and California.

The distributions of Mexican plant specimens, so copiously made by
Mr. Pringle and by Dr. E. Palmer during forty years past, include
no small number of Pteleas, all of which, until within the last year,
have been sent forth without any critical examination at all under the
one convenient name of 7”. angustifolia, while of that species itself
neither of the noted explorers and collectors named appears ever to
have obtained a specimen.

At different times within the last twenty-five years the present
writer has gathered in several parts of New Mexico, Arizona, and
California members of this genus which he was never able to identify,
and which are herein first described.

At the National Herbarium there is special wealth of material in
this as in many another genus, which has been procured, as it were, by
special agents who have gone into many a remote and obscure cor-
ner of the West and brought back plant specimens of great value.
By wise prevision of the curators in botany, Mr. Coville and Dr.
Rose, the collecting of plants—at least one set—has been for years
enjoined upon field parties going from the Department of Agricul-
ture, the Geological Survey, the Bureau of Fisheries, etc., to the
interior of the remoter territories; and as a result of such work our
plant collection is rich beyond comparison in plants collected by this
means, which are to be found in no other herbarium, whether of our

own country or any other.

To the great wealth of specimens thus gathered here, I have been
able to add, by courteous loan, the Ptelea specimens from the her-
barium of Capt. John Donnell Smith, of Baltimore, those belonging
to the Parry Herbarium from the Iowa State College, and those of
the California Academy at San Francisco, in which also oceur the
types of several new species. All of these last, received much more
than a year since, now by virtue of my prolonged retention of them
have escaped the sad fate that befell almost the whole of that priceless
herbarium in the recent earthquake and fire.

In the earliest hours devoted to close inspection and comparison, it
became manifest that the real characters for species in Ptelea had
never yet been indicated or apprehended. In other genera of woody
growths, the oaks, for example, he who would distinguish and arrange
the species could do nothing were he to leave unnoticed and unnoted
the color and other characteristics of their trunks, their branches, and

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 5]

their twigs of one year’s growth; and of actually supreme taxonomic
importance in the case of the oaks are the color, texture, duration,
marginal indentation, and pubescence of the leaves. Not even the
characteristics of the acorns are found to be of equal weight with the
mere hue and texture of foliage in the classification of the oaks. And
all this I find true in regard to Ptelea, and even more; for the charac-
teristics of twigs of one season’s growth in this genus, their colors,
kinds, and degrees of pubescence, evenness and unevenness of sur-
face, etc., are many times more diverse than they are in any oaks;
and both those sets of characters—those furnished by the twigs and
those presented by color and texture of foliage—either set indispen-
sable to any natural arrangement of Ptelea species, are here for the
first time brought to notice. The chaos that has reigned hitherto in
respect to Ptelea of the farther West and Southwest has held sway
because it has not been seen that, in the species of one region, the
twigs are chestnut-brown and velvety in one set, chestnut-brown and
smooth and shining in another set; while in another and remoter dis-
trict all the species have cinnamon-red warty twigs; and in a third
group the twigs in all the species are either yellowish or straw-colored
or nearly white and in almost all smooth and shining. I say with con-
fidence that these marked diversities which even the dead and dry
herbarium specimens exhibit can not have been looked at; for no
botanist would pretend that one species of shrub or tree could so vary
in respect to the bark of its twigs and branches.

The fruits in this genus are also found to present a considerable
array of characters available for specific diagnosis, and also eyen for
the grouping of the species; and some new descriptive terms have
seemed to be called for in connection with them. The body of the
samara, while in the broad, thin-leaved species it is thin and rather
flat as well as small in proportion to the wing, is by comparison large
and double-convex as well as more narrowly winged in the species
that have a thick and subcoriaceous foliage. This seed-bearing body
is in some marked by rather closely parallel transverse ridges, with
lines of gland dots running between them, or else the ridges are irreg-
ularly broken and run into a reticulation, with one or more dots in the
middle of each mesh. In either instance the ridges may, at the edge
of the body or a little beyond it, unite to form a wall more or less
definitely surrounding the body—which wall I denominate the circum-
vallation—or they may pass directly into the reticulation of the wing
itself, leaving the body without circumvallation.

In the Californian group of species the ridges of the body of the
fruit are mostly faint or obsolete, in which case the gland dots are
multiplied and very conspicuous, in the Lower Californian nearly or
“quite wingless species rising into a prominent tuberculation. Again,
and with respect to its proximity to either the base or the summit of

32966—06——2

D2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

its winged margin, the seed-bearing body is central in some and vari-
ously eccentric in perhaps the greater number. This body of the
fruit, in its germinal stage in the flower—that is, as an ovary—is
raised on a gynophore or stipe, which stipe, lengthening afterwards
with the growth of the wing in which it is merged, yet appears on the
surface of the wing below the body, just as the lengthened style is
manifest as a line running along the surface of the wing above the
body. I have expressed the centricity of the body by the phrase,
“style and stipe equal,” its eccentricity in the direction of the base by
‘style longer than the stipe,” its nearer approach to summit—a rare
condition—by *‘ style shorter than the stipe.”

Kach one of the three natural groups of Ptelea here outlined has its
own geographical limits, and nothing in this study has more deeply
interested the investigator than the geographic distribution of the
groups.

The principal one of the three—that is, the group richest in species
and of most extended and varied range, the group with chestnut-brown
twigs and preyailingly glaucescent or bluish-green foliage—is dis-
persed throughout at least middie and northern Mexico, as well as
adjacent southern Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, thence northward
along the Mississippi to the Great Lakes, and every where eastward to
the Atlantic.

A second group, that with twigs almost white and foliage yellow
green, forms a belt which runs eastward from northwestern Arizona
along the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, there and in southern Utah
forming a curious sort of boundary to the distribution of Ptelea north-
ward in that part of the country, the belt reaching its eastern limit in
the canyon of the Arkansas in southern Colorado, from which point,
and still as a narrow belt, it rans down the Rio Grande to the neigh-
borhood of El Paso, Texas ; the belt in this part of its course not limit-
ing but intersecting the great main division of the genus.

The third group, that with cinnamon-colored twigs, a quite peculiar
hue and venation of foliage, and narrow-winged or eyen wingless
samaras, extends in also a narrow belt, running northward and south-
ward west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada, between northern Cali-
fornia and at least the middle of the Lower California peninsula.

Of the fifty-nine species here defined, not quite all are new, two or
three of them having been indicated somewhat recently by Dr. Small
and Mr. Heller, these belonging to the Texan district.

Among the new ones are several of very recent detection in Mexico,
having come to hand only after this paper was nearing completion.
One of these was distributed by Mr. Pringle under the name Dr.
Rose had assigned it. The others Dr. Rose had himself colleeted
and determined to be new. He has chosen that these should all be
incorporated into this monograph, rather than give them separate
place among his own miscellanies of Mexican botany.

GREENE

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

TWIGS when not velvety-hoary either chestnut-colored or
darker, never whitish or straw-colored.
Upper Face of foliage more or less definitely bluish-green
or glaucescent, never clear bright green.

Leaves in maturity thin, or thinnish, never hard and
subcoriaceous; samaras in all these very large, thin
and plane, the wing ample, the body small in pro-
portion.

Leaflets dark, scarcely bluish-green, not glaucous,
only lighter beneath, glabrous, odd one obovate
to long-ovate, 9 em. long; samaras suborbicular,
2 em. long, nearly as wide.

Leaflets definitely blue-green on both faces, nearly
glabrous, odd one ovate, 5 cm. long; samaras
suborbicular, retuse at base, obcordate at sum-
mit.

Leaflets dull with pubescence above, even more so
beneath. odd one broadly obovate, 4 em. long;
samaras suborbicular, 1.5 cm. long, sharply
wrinkled and with longitudinal sharp ridge.

Leaflets dull and pubescent, odd one elliptic-
obovate, 6.5 em. long; samaras round-oval, 2.5
cm. long, sharply wrinkled, but with no median
ridge.

Leaflets pale, gray-green with pubescence, odd one
obovate-elliptic, 5 cm. long, of firmer texture;
large samaras broadly somewhat obovate, ob-
tuse, 3 cm. long, obtusely wrinkled and much
dotted.

Leaflets less pubescent, bluish-green only when
young, very firm when mature, odd one broadly
obovate, 7 em. long, cuspidate-pointed; samaras
suborbicular, 3 em. long, subcordate.

Leaflets very pale, beneath whitish with bloom,
large, odd one oval to obovate, 7 cm. long, acut-
ish; samaras small for the foliage, 2 cm. long,
obtuse at base, at apex emarginate.

Leaflets very pale, whitish beneath with bloom,
almost so above, small, firm, odd one broadly
rhombic-lanceolate, 4.5 cm. long; samaras large
for the foliage, rounded, but. truncate at both
ends.

Leaflets pale, whitish beneath with bloom and
white down, odd one ovate, 5 cm. long, obtuse,
crenate; samaras orbicular, 1.5 em. long and
wide.

Leaflets glaucous on both faces, tomentulose be-
neath, odd one ovate-elliptic, 5 em. long, suben-
tire; samaras broader than long, with cordate
lobes at each end, the breadth 2 em,

~
.

CO

9.

10.

PP.

y

~

Sa

PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 53

aquilina.

isophylla.

prominula.

. wrightiana.

. antonina.

P. rhombifolia.

P.

formosa.

. villosula.

. tortwosa.

. subintegra,

|

54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

leaves in maturity of harder, firmer texture, approach-
ing the coriaceous.
Samaras large, the wing as broad as the body or
broader.

Leaflets glabrous, glaucous on both faces, odd
one narrowly cuneate-obovate, 4.5 em. long,
subentire; samaras orbicular, 2 cm. long and
broad.

Leaflets with traces of pubescence, dark blue-
green above, pale beneath, odd one 3 to 4
cm. long, round-oboyate, very obtuse; sama-
ras round-oyal, 1 to 3 em. long.

Leaflets very small, of like pale blue-green and
scantily hairy on both faces, odd one barely
1.5 cm. long, oblong-obovate, obtuse; sama-
ras larger than the foliage, suborbicular, the
larger 2 cm. long.

Leaflets not pale except beneath, hardly even
subcoriaceous, odd one ovate or rhombic-
ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, acute, crenulate;
samaras subquadrate - obovate, 2 cm. long,
lobed at base and summit.

Leaflets colored as in the last, lanceolate, 6 cm.
long; samaras broadly ovate-cordate, 2 em.
long, cuspidate at apex.

Leaflets of dark only faintly bluish green
above, pale beneath, odd one broadly lance-
olate, 6 cm. long, acute; samaras suborbicu-
lar, 2 em. long and wide, the broad wing
not flat but full and crisped.

Leaves glabrous, blue-green above, whitish
beneath, odd one 5 cm. long, ovate-elliptic,
acute; samaras subquadrate-oval, the long-
est 2 cm. long, subtruncate at both ends.

Samaras smaller as a whole, the body and wing of
equal breadth.

Leaves bluish-green and much punctate above,
glaucescent beneath, odd one ovate or
obovate, 6 cm. long, crenate; samaras orbic-
ular, 1.5 cm. long and wide.

Leaves dull blue-green above, glaucous and
puberulent beneath, odd one lance-obovate
to lance-rhombic, 4 to 5 em. long, acute,
crenate; samaras 1.2 to 1.4 em. long, round-
obovate, acutish at base.

Leaflets glaucescent and along the veins
slightly villous as to both faces, odd one
broadly obovate and acute, 4cem. long; small,
obovate, 1 to 1.5 em. long.

Leaflets deep blue green above, glaucous be-
neath, nearly glabrous, odd one ovate or

i.

13.

14.

15.

16.

ite

18.

20.

. P. jucunda.

P. coahuilensis.

. P. obtusata.

P. pumila,

P. scutellata.

P. cuspidata.

P. undulata.

P. cognata.

P. crenata.

P. sancta.

|
|

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 55

obovate, 2-3 cm. long, acute, subentire; sa-
maras very small, suborbicular, 1 em. long.

Samaras not so small (except in No. 22), but
body in all large in proportion, and broader
than the average breadth of the wing.

Leaflets strongly glaucous on both faces,
small petiolulate, lanceolate, crenulate, 4
em, long; samaras orbicular, 1.5 em.
broad, emarginate.

Leaflets light scarcely bluish green above and
punctate, pale and villous beneath, odd one
cuneate-obovate, 4 cm. long, obtuse; sama-
ras round-obovate, 1.5 cm. long, emarginate.

Leaflets dark blue-green, glaucous beneath,
glabrous, odd one 7 cm. long, ovate-rhom-
boid, acute, doubly serrate-dentate; sama-
ras round-obovate, 2 cm. long.

Leaflets as in 24 in all but the outline, be-
ing narrow, lancelate, 7 cm. long; samaras
oval, often 3-winged, remarkably smooth.

Leaflets of a deep scarcely bluish green
above, very pale beneath with bloom and
a fine pubesence, odd one rhombic-lanceo-
late, 6 cm. long; samaras broadly ovate or
oval, acutish, at base truncate.

Upper FACE of foliage light-colored, never deep bluish
green, in a few species glaucescent, in most of a clear
bright green; samaras in all with broad wing.

Leaves in maturity hard and subcoriaceous.

Leaflets strongly gland-dotted, odd one 6 ecm.
long, ovate-elliptic, acute at base, blunt at apex;
samaras round-oboyate, 1.5 cm. long, retuse.

Leaflets less notably dotted, odd one 7 cm. long,
narrow-obovate, acutish; samaras nearly orbic-
ular, 1.7 cm. long.

Leaflets nearly dotless, light green and polished
above, 5 cm. long, obovate, obtuse; samaras 2
em. broad, not as long.

Leaflets fine-dotted, deep green and polished, odd
one cuneate-obovate, 5 cm. long, crenate, ob-
tuse or retuse.

Leaflets lance-elliptic, 5 em. long, subequal, long-
pointed, subentire; samaras orbicular, 2 cm.
broad, much dotted.

Leaflets dull with a short soft pubescence, odd
one 5 cm. long, elliptic-lanceolate, very acute;
samaras suborbicular, 1.7 em. long, not as broad,
not much dotted.

Leaves in maturity only firmly membranaceous, at
earlier stage very thin.

Leaflets rich deep green above, pale-tomentulose
beneath, odd one 6 cm. long, broad-lanceolate,
acute; samaras round-oval, 2 cm. long.

Leaflets bright light green above, pale beneath,
odd one lance-rhomboid, 6 cm. long, acutish;

21. P. parvula.

22.

23

we

P. glauca.

. monticola.

24. P. betulifolia.

5. P. attrita.

26. P. similis.

30.

31.

32.

33.

a

ae

P

?

~

F;

Pa

. polyadenia.

aboriginum.

lucida.

toxicodendron.

. persicyfolia.

subvestita.

. padifolia.

56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

samaras broad-orbicular, 2 cm. wide, not as long,
retuse at both ends. 34. P.neo-mericana.
Leaflets subequal, paler beneath with fine hairs;
odd one lance-elliptic, 7 cm. long, very acute,
entire; samaras only 1.5 em. broad, the length
less, retuse at apex. 35. P. acutifolia.
Leaflets of a bright almost shining green, only
lighter beneath, odd one 9 cm. long, broadly
elliptic, cuspidately acute; samaras 3 cm. long, a
trifle wider, orbicular, subcordate,and obcordate. 36. P. megacarpa.
Leaflets light clear green above, paler and yellow-
ish beneath, odd one 5 em. long, lanceolate,
hardly acute; samaras orbicular, 5 cm. across,
truncate at base, at apex emarginate. 37. P. laetissima.
TWIGS almost always glabrous, never chestnut-brown, in a
few cinnamon-reddish, in most straw-colored or whitish and
shining. Foliage never dark, both faces usually yellow-green
(almost the hue of orange or lemon leaves).
Leaves in maturity subcoriaceous or almost coriaceous.
Leaflets strongly dotted, slightly pubescent, odd one
ovate, 5 cm. long, blunt at apex, and emarginate;
samaras orbicular, 1.5 em. across. 38. P. verrucosa.
Leaflets much less dotted, glabrous, odd one obovate,
5 em. long, acutish; samaras suborbicular, 1.7 em,
ACrOss. 39. P. ambigens.
Leaflets glabrous, coarsely dotted above, pale beneath,
odd one rhombic-lanceolate, 4.5 cm. long, acute,
subentire; samaras subcordate-ovate, 1.5 cm. long. 40. P. nitens.
Leaflets glabrous, size and form as in the last, but pale
with bloom and almost dotless; samaras orbicular,
nearly 2 cm. across. 41. P. pallida.
Leaflets hardly subcoriaceous, almost dotless, odd one
obovate, 6 cm. long, obtuse, crenate ; samaras large,
2 cm. broad, not as long, cordate and obcordate. 42. P. straminea.
Leaflets small, yellow-green on both faces and glabrous,
punctate, odd one ovate-lanceolate, 3.5 cm. long ;
samaras all triquetrous. 43. P. nitida.
Leaflets glabrous, much punctate, size and form as in
the last, but beneath silvery-lustrous ; samaras tri-
quetrous. 44. P. argentea.
Leaflets dull yellow-green on both faces and much
punctate, odd one lanceolate, 4 cm. long, obtuse ;
samaras large, broadly oval, 2 cm. long. 45. P. neglecta.
Leaflets small, narrow-lanceolate, acute, hardly 4 em.
long, wholly yellow-green; samaras large for the
leaves, triquetrous. 46. P. triptera.
Leaflets larger, narrow-lanceolate, odd one 6 em. long;
samaras large, flat, suborbicular, 2em. wide, rounded
at both ends. 47. P. lutescens.
Leaflets truly lanceolate, much dotted, odd one 7 cm.
long; samaras 2.2 cm. wide, cordate and obcordate. 48. P. elegans.
Leaflets rhombic-lanceolate, only 3.5 cm. long ; samaras
orbicular, 1.6 em. across, retuse at base; at apex cus-
pidate-acute. 49, P. confinis.

/

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 5

Leaves in maturity thinner, hardly firmer than membrana-
ceous, long and very narrow.
Leaflets narrow-lanceolate, odd one 8 em. long ; samaras
subreniform-orbicular, nearly 2 cm. wide.
TWIGS never whitish, usually cinnamon-colored or darker at
the end of the first season; leaves of a peculiar rather deep
but dull green, much the same on both faces, never bluish-

green or glaucous, the venation in all singularly divaricate

and the veinlets colorless and obscure; samaras in most with
a narrow wing and broader body, in a few wingless, thick
and nut-like.
SAMARAS conspicuously but rather narrowly winged.—AI]
Californian.

Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, lightly crenulate, 5 cm.
long; smaller samaras orbicular, longer round-obo-
vate, 2 cm. long, body very little broader than the
wing.

Leaflets of rather vivid green, oval, ample, subequal,
the odd one 7 cm. long, 4 broad; samaras subreni-
form-orbicular, 1.7 em. broad, 1.4 em. long, body
notably wider than wing.

Leaflets thin, rather light green, odd one 5 cm. long,
obovate-oblong; samaras round-obovate, subulate-
pointed.

Leaflets cuneate-oboyate, odd one 4 to 7 cm. long,
crenulate; samaras orbicular, 1.5 em. across, body
twice as wide as wing.

Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, 6 cm. long, subserrulate;
samaras orbicular or a trifle longer, abruptly acute,
1.5 cm. long; body much wider than wing.

Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 5.5 cm. long, crenu-
late; samaras orbicular, perfectly so, 1.5 cm. wide,
body twice the width of the wing.

Samaras thick, nut-like, being wingless, or one species
with trace of wing.—AIll Lower Californian.

Leaflets very small, narrowly obovate-oblong; samaras
oval, 2 em. long, encircled by a very narrow and
only keel-like wing.

Leaflets not so small; samaras oval, 2 cm. long, neither
winged nor keeled.

Leaflets very small; samaras round-ovate, only 1 cm.
long, wingless.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.

‘1. Ptelea aquilina, sp. nov.

50. P. saligna.

D1. P. brevistylis.

he.
iy. ee
a oP:
Ta a
Se ad
es ee
58. P.
59. P.

ovalifolia.

cinnamomea.

crenulata.

bullata.

cycloloma.

nucifera,
obscura.

aptera,

Twigs of the season dark red-brown, glabrous, lightly rugulose and glandular:
leaves thin, of a rich deep green above, paler but not glaucescent beneath, glabrous
on both faces; odd leaflet ovate-elliptic, 6 to 9 em. long, obtusely short-pointed,
rather remotely subserrate-crenate, the pair. one-third smaller, more oval, slightly
inequilateral: samara not large for the foliage, little more or less than 2 cm. long,
broadly round-obovate, abruptly acutish, the base now and then retuse; body broadly

oval, of Jess than the width of the wing, indistinctly circumyallate, very definitely
transverse-rugose, notably glandular; style and stipe prominent, the latter longer.

58 OONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Said to be common along the White River near Eagle Rock, in extreme south-
western Missouri, where it was collected June 21, 1897, by B. F. Bush, his no. 171
as in National Herbarium. One would expect it in adjacent Arkansas.

2. Ptelea isophylla, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season light chestnut-color, glabrous, sharply rugose, obscurely glan-
dular, the older dark brown, smooth: leaves thin, of a light dull glaucescent-green
on both faces and both with traces of pubescence, only the upper minutely and
inconspicuously gland-dotted; odd leaflet ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4 to 6 em. long,
abruptly obtuse-pointed, subentire, the pair seldom smaller, sometimes even larger,
relatively broader, scarcely inequilateral: samara very large for the foliage, 2 to 2.5
em. long, nearly as wide, suborbicular but with obcordate summit and subeordate
base; body round-oval, of less than the width of the wing, circumyallate, the trans-
verse rugosity close but low and not very distinct, the whole only obscurely gland-
dotted; stipe nearly twice as long as the style, both slender.

Known to me only as collected by Mr. B. F. Bush, June 8, 1898, from woods in
the vicinity of Swan, Missouri. The type sheet in the National Herbarium has Mr.
3ush’s no. 211. The species is next of kin to my P. mesochora of the upper
Mississippi region. @

3. Ptelea prominula, sp. nov.

Perhaps a low or small shrub, the twigs small, with short internodes and pubes-
cent: leaves small, dull-green, pubescent beneath, less so above; odd leaflet broadly
obvoate, 4 to 4.5 em. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide above the middle, all subentire, very
shortly cuspidate at apex, the pair of laterals not much smaller, round-ovate: sama-
ras suborbicular, small, 1.5 to 1.7 em. long, very nearly as broad, subcordate at base,
retuse at apex, the body of about the width of the wing, faintly dotted but strongly
and prominently transverse-rugose and circumyallate, the reticulation of the wing
unusually elevated and prominent, as also the subequal style and stipe, even these
connected by a sharp ridge pervading whole length of the body of the fruit.

Known to me in but a single twig in mature fruit, purporting to have been collected
on a creek bank near Austin, Texas, May 9, 1872, by Elihu Hall, the label bearing
his distribution number, 74; but on the same sheet in the National Herbarium, and
under the same label, occur two other twigs, both of P. rhombifolia, and with fruit
very young, not half grown.

The wing of P. prominula is wavy rather than plane, and the elevated character of
the wrinkles and reticulations is peculiar.

_ 4. Ptelea wrightiana, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season short, slender, pubescent, and regulose: leaves not small,
very thin, dull bluish-green, finely but scantily pubescent on both faces; middle
leaflet elliptic-obovate, 5 to 8 em. long, the pair obliquely ovate, only half as large,
all merely acutish, subentire: samaras very large, round-oval, 2.5 em. long, 2.2 wide,
obtuse at both ends; body round-oval, of much less than the width of the wing, not
obviously either punctate or circumvallate, but the transverse wrinkles sharply
prominent, as also the reticulation of the wing; style and stipe equal, both very
long, rather prominent.

Turkey Creek, western Texas, June, 1849, Charles Wright, no. 82 as in the Na-
tional Herbarium. Relerred to in Gray, Plantes Wrightiane. ?

I also refer here provisionally a sheet of specimens collected by Jermy in western
Texas, near San Antonio. It has similar fruits, the foliage differing in that it is of
firmer texture, and the outline of leaflets narrow, being elliptic-lanceolate. The
label bears no date.

@Torreya 5: 100. 1905. Part 1, p. 31.

PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. HY

GREENE

5. Ptelea antonina, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season not perceptibly rugose or tuberculate, being hoary with a dense
hirtellous-tomentose indument, the older dark dull-brown, smooth and glabrate :
foliage at all stages of a definitely blue-green shade, also villous-pubescent beneath,
deeper in color and thinly pubescent above, the texture thinnish even in maturity ;
middle leaflet obovate to obovate-elliptic, 4 to 6 em. long, acute at base, obtusely
cuspidate pointed at apex, faintly crenate or subentire, the pair smaller by one-fourth
to one-third, obliquely and even broadly ovate rather than ovate, pointed like the
odd one, all sessile: samaras of the largest, even extremely large in proportion to
the foliage, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 2.1 em. wide above the middle, broadly somewhat
obovate, obtuse at the broad apex, mucronulate by the short style, at base narrow,
retuse; body oval, of somewhat less than the width of the wing, circumyallate,
closely and rather sharply transverse-rugose, only minutely and somewhat obscurely
though not sparingly glandular-punctate; style and stipe long and subequal, but
neither prominent.

Near San Antonio, Texas, the type specimens in the National Herbarium, collected
June 11, 1891, by Mr. L. H. Dewey. In 1894 A. A. Heller collected the same also
at San Antonio, but in flower and half-grown leaf only. He distributed it under the
same number, 1582, as that which accompanies his P. rhombifolia, though the two
species are not so very closely related, the foliage of P. rhombifolia being not only
almost twice as Jarge, but of almost subcoriaceous texture.

6. Ptelea rhombifolia Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 313. 1899, in small part only.

Twigs of the season light brown, minutely and densely pubescent, but the indu-
ment parted into interrupted lines as following the summits of the pronounced
rugosities: leaves large, rather firm in maturity, of a deep green, above sparingly
clothed with short depressed hairs, beneath villous-tomentulose; odd leaflet broadly
obovate, rarely with some hint of the rhomboid in outline, 6 to 8.5 em. long, 4 to
4.5 wide above the middle, acute at base, briefly and bluntly cuspidate at apex, lat-
erals smaller by one-fourth or one-third, obliquely ovate, cuspidate: samaras very
large, suborbicular, 2.5 to 3.2 cm. long, the breadth but little less, slightly subcor-
date at the broad base, the rounded or subtruncate apex rarely mucronately or
cuspidately acutish; body large, but of less than the width ot the broad wing, round-
obovate, indistinctly circumvallate, closely but not prominently transverse-rugose,
faintly dotted; stipe longer than the style and both long.

Southwestern Texas, where it seems to be common, especially about San Antonio.
It was gathered there in immature specimens by Heller in April, 1894; the fruit
wrongly characterized by him because not haif grown in his specimens. Better
material is in the National Herbarium trom Dr. E. Palmer, 1879; Munson and
Hopkins, near Kerrville, July, 1889; William R. Maxon, at Victoria, April 28,
1905. Mr. Heller’s distribution number, 1582, covers this, and also the very dif-
ferent P. antonina, above described as new.

7. Ptelea formosa, sp. noy.

Shrub perhaps large; twigs of the season large, copiously leafy with large foliage,
the bark reddish-brown, seeming glabrous but under a lens minutely hirtellous-
puberulent, only minutely and obscurely rugulose and glandular, the older glabrous,
smooth, cinereous-gray: leaves large, thin, pale on both faces, above glabrous except
on the veins, beneath very glaucous and with scattered villous hairs not only on the
veins but elsewhere; leaflets subequal, the terminal one as often smaller as larger
than the other two, obovate to oval, 6 to 8 em. long, only abruptly narrowed at base,
all abruptly and cuspidately acute, the margins more or less distinctly subserrate-
toothed: samaras not Jarge tor the foliage, the largest 2 cm. long, little more than

32966—06——3

60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1.5 cm. wide, varying from orbicular toward ovate, only obtuse at base, the apex
emarginate; body oval, both large and thick in proportion to the wing, the width of
the two about equal, neither circumyallate nor the ridges running crosswise, but
mostly broken into reticulation, gland-dots mostly few and rather obscure; style also
quite obscure, longer than the stipe, this more obvious.

Sierra Blanea, New Mexico, August 17, 1897, at 2,120 meters, collected by E. O.
Wooton and by him distributed under no. 657, at least as in my herbarium, where
the only specimens known to me are preserved. It is manifestly allied rather closely
to P. villosula of the Organ Mountains, but has a very different thin, large, and
handsome foliage, the leaflets recalling the leaves of the choke cherry, but thinner
and paler on both faces. I suppose by the foliage that its habitat must be in deep
shaded canyons, where the air is moist from the spray of streams.

8. Ptelea villosula, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season slender, chestnut-color, almost or quite glabrous, short-rugu-
lose and tuberculate, those a year old not very different: leaves quite firm, membra-
naceous but not subcoriaceous, glaucescent above and nearly glabrous, beneath
whitened by bloom and a white villous short pubescence; odd leaflet broadly
rhombic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends but acute at neither,
crenulate, the length 4 to 5 em., the pair smaller by one-third to one-half, and yary-
ingly inequilateral: samaras large in proportion to the foliage, 1.2 to 1.8 em. long,
almost as broad, usually subquadrate-orbicular, being broadly truncate at both ends;
body neither large nor thick as compared with the wing, oval, coarsely and more or
less transversely rugose, with or without a trace of circumyallation, the gland-dots
few, coarse; style and stipe equal, short, neither one conspicuous.

Known only from the isolated Organ Mountains of southern New Mexico, as
collected July 11, 1897, by E. O. Wooton, who distributed excellent fruiting speci-
mens under no. 134, as in my herbarium (type) and the National Herbarium.

From the small size and rather firm texture of the foliage I infer this to be an
inhabitant of no closed and shady canyon, but of the open slopes or summits of the
mountains; but the collectors never vouschafe the least information upon these
important matters.

9. Ptelea tortuosa, sp. noy.

Twigs and branches short, rigid, tortuous, those of the season smoothish, puberu-
lent, the older dull dark brown, glabrate: mature foliage quite firm but not snbeori-
aceous, pale-green, glabrate and punctate above, glaucus and whitish-tomentulose
beneath; odd leaflet 3.5 to 6 cm. long, ovate above a short tapering base, hardly
acute at apex, lightly and unevenly crenate; the pair variously smaller, obliquely
oval, obtuse at both ends, more distinctly crenate, all sessile: samara suborbicular
but broader than long, the width 1.5 em., broad and subtruncate at both ends;
body round-oval, nearly central, not circumvallate, about as wide as the wing, ridges
low, more or less transverse and unbroken, gland-dots obvious only under a lens.

Northern Arizona, in the San Francisco Mountain Forest Reserve, J. B. Leiberg,
August 10, 1901, no. 5822 as in the National Herbarium.

The type specimens have the appearance of a low shrub of poor and arid soil.
But from the same neighborhood there are before me two sheets, one by Mr. Heller,
the other from Dr. McDougal, both young and immature fruit, which have the
appearance of a different species; and in the first draft of this paper I had named
and described them as such. ‘The leaves are broader, larger, thinner, less pubescent
beneath, etc., but they may possibly represent P. tortvosa as grown in a shady canyon,
under the influence of an atmosphere less arid. Future research must lead to the
settlement of such questions. The pubescence of the lower face of the leaves in all
these has the peculiarity of seeming to be stellate or dendroid; but I think this
comes about by a crossing of the hairs in tufts, rather than by an actual branching.

a

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 61

10. Ptelea subintegra, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season pubescent, hardly regulose, the older and glabrate branches
very dark brown and nearly smooth: foliage extremely pale on both faces, glaucous
and with sparse pubescence above, almost white beneath with both bloom and
villous-tomentulose indument, texture no thicker than membranaceous; middle
leaflet ovate-elliptic, 4 to 5 cm. long, the pair nearly as large, obliquely ovate, all
sessile, subentire, scarcely acute: samaras of middle size, much broader than long,
the breadth 2 cm., the length 1.5 em., cordate at base, obcordate at summit; body
round-obovate, of much less than the width of the wing, not circumvallate, the
transverse ridges few, broad and low, dots few but obvious; style and stipe equal
and short.

A fine species known only from somewhere in the vicinity of Durango, Mexico,
where it was gathered byDr. E. Palmer in 1896, the label of the type specimen in
the National Herbarium bearing the collector’s number 846.

11. Ptelea coahuilensis, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season glabrous, chestnut-color, densely glandular-verrucose, the older
less prominently so, but color the same: leaves small, subcoriaceous, glabrous, glau-
cous on both faces, most so beneath, and there with but the faintest trace of punc-
tuation; odd leaflet 4 to5cm. long, narrowly cuneate-obovate and obtuse to rhomboid
and acutish, subentire to quite crenulate, the pair one-half to two-thirds as large,
otherwise similar, few being notably inequilateral: samaras large, orbicular, 2 em. in
length and breadth, seldom emarginate at either end; body oval or suborbicular; of
much less than the width of the wing, the transverse ridges broad, low and obscure;
style longer than the stipe.

Specimens seen only from the State of Coahuila, Mexico, the typical being Prin-
gle’s number 1937, collected in July, 1888, as found in the National Herbarium.
The sheets of the same collection in the Herbarium of John Donneil Smith are
exactly like it. Palmer’s 391 in the National Herbarium, from San Lorenzo Canyon
near Saltillo I take to be in part the same, though with broader and crenate foli-
age, and with several of the large samaras three-winged. But there is a very differ-
ent species mixed with this under that number, 391 of Dr. E. Palmer.

12. Ptelea obtusata, sp. noy.

Twigs and branches stouter and rigid, as well as densely leafy and fructiferous,
during the first season grandular, warty, and pubescent: leaves almost coriaceous,
dark blue-green above, glaucescent beneath, with traces of short scattered hairs on
both faces, and punctuation almost obsolete; odd leaflet 3 to 4 cm. long, very broad
above an abruptly attenuate base, the outline from round-obovate very obtuse, to
rhomboid-ovate, a finely crenulate margin at length revolute, the leaflet thus seeming
entire, the pair similar but of all sizes: samaras large, round-oval, 1.2 to 1.5 em.
long, the breadth notably less, obtuse at both ends; body large in proportion and
much elongated, long-oval, of almost or quite the width of the wing, broadly low-
rugose transversely and somewhat circumvyallate, dots most obscure; style and
stipe equal, and both short.

Known to me only as collected somewhere in Coahuila, Mexico, in 1880, by Dr.
FE. Palmer, his no. 146 as in the National Herbarium.

13. Ptelea pumila, sp. nov.

Evidently dwarf, the very short twigs of the season tuberculate, puberulent,
leafy with small leaves, the flowers few, some solitary: leaves greatly reduced, pale
and alike glaucous on both faces, also with traces of minute hairiness; odd leaflet
oblong-obovate, very obtuse, barely 1.5 em. long, the pa?r half as large, oval, all
subentire: samaras larger than the leaves, mostly orbicular and nearly 2 em. long

62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

and broad, subcordate at base, the obtuse summit conspicuously mucronate by the
long protruding style-tip; body of less than the width of the wing, the coarse, low
wrinkles somewhat radiating from its center,

State of Coahuila, Mexico, known in a single specimen (National Herbarium),
obtained by Dr. E. Palmer, in 1904, mixed with his no. 391, which is otherwise referred

to P. coahuilensis.

14. Ptelea scutellata, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season rugulose, puberulent, the older glabrate, nearly smooth:
leaves subcoriaceous, deep blue-green above and glabrous, beneath glaucescent and
obscurely puberulent; middle leaflet 4 to 5 cm. long, ovate to rhombic-ovate and
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, crenulate, laterals remarkably small, seldom more than
half as large, only slightly inequilateral and always narrow: samaras subquadrate-
obovate to suborbicular, the more elongated 2 cm. long, the narrow base subcordate,
the broad apex obcordate, or at least retuse; body round-oyal, not as wide as the
average width of the wing, rugose-reticulate and impressed-punctate, not circum-
vallate; stipe prominent, style of equal length but obscure.

Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua, Mexico, C. G. Pringle, October 2, 1886, his
no. 940, as in National Herbarium. The specimens are in ripe fruit of a former
season, or else of the spring preceding, while at the October date of collecting full
clusters of flowers were in process of expansion.

In the Herbarium of John Donnell Smith is a specimen from the same mountains,
collected by E. Wilkinson, in 1885, in the month of March, which is laden with
mature foliage and fruit as from the autumnal flowering.

15. Ptelea cuspidata, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season chestnut color, puberulent, the older glabrate, all rugulose:
leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous, bluish-green above, glaucous beneath, moderately
punctate; odd leaflet lanceolate, 5 to 7 em. long, acute or obtusish, evenly crenulate,
the pair of the same shape and from almost as large to barely one-third smaller, all
sessile: samaras broadly ovate-cordate to suborbicular, 2 to 2.3 em. long, the width
the same, the base cordate or subeordate, the apex broadly and bluntly cuspidate,
also mucronulate by the short free portion of the style; body oval, much narrower
than the average width of the wing, coarsely and not prominently transverse-rugose
and rather closely punctate; stipe very short, style three times as long.

Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua, March 1, 1885, E. Wilkinson, in mature
foliage and fruit as from an autumnal flowering. Allied to P. scutellata, like it in
color and texture of foliage; both leaflets and fruits of different character. The only
specimens seen are in the National Herbarium, sheet 130319.

16. Ptelea undulata, sp. nov.

Shrub 4 m. high, with glabrous twigs almost verrucose-glandular and rugulose:
leaves subcoriaceous, nearly or quite glabrous, dull dark blue-green above, glauces-
cent beneath, densely puncticulate on both faces; middle leaflet elliptic or even
somewhat rhombi-lanceolate, acute, 6 cm. long, obscurely and unevenly crenulate,
the laterals similar and not much smaller: samaras suborbicular, 2 em. long and
broad, not flat, the broad wing being full and somewhat ruffled; body oval, circum-
vallate, the strong rugosity mostly broken into a reticulation inclosing many and
prominent gland-dots; stipe very short, style long, neither prominent.

Probably of the Burro Mountains, southern New Mexico; Rusby’s 111 as in the
National Herbarium, gathered July 17, 1880.

17. Ptelea cognata, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season chestnut-color; glabrous and polished, warty-rugose, the short
ridges surmounted by a large gland: leaves on unusually long and slender petioles,

in i Ct tt i

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 63

subcoriaceous, of a deep, slightly bluish-green above, very glaucous beneath, gla-
brous on both faces; middle leaflet ovate-elliptic, acute, subserrate-crenate or sub-
entire, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, the laterals similar, often quite as large, oblique-ovate or
else almost equal-sided and ovate: samaras orbicular to subquadrate-oval, the
largest nearly 2 cm. long and elongated, the smaller about 1.5 em. and orbicular;
body large, oval, deeply and coarsely pitted, rather than transverse-rugose, gland
dots few but not obscure; stipe very short, style quite long.

Fort Huachuca, Arizona, September, 1891, T. E. Wilcox; type in National Her-
barium. Species allied to the foregoing, as indicated by the coriaceous blue-green
foliage, but specifically well marked by its total lack of pubescence, long slender
petioles, and unusually warty twigs.

18. Ptelea crenata, sp. nov.

Twigs bright chestnut-color and glabrous, more glandular-tuberculate than rugose:
leaves bluish-green and strongly punctate above, glaucescent beneath, with traces
of pubescence on both faces and in texture fairly subcoriaceous; odd leaflet ovate,
not inclining to rhomboid, 4.5 to 6 cm. long, rather obtuse at apex, at base acute
but sessile, the pair oval, but obliquely so, much or little small, all distinctly cre-
nate: samaras small for the foliage, nearly orbicular, 1.5 cm. wide, not quite as long,
the apex being retuse, the base truncate; body orbicular, its width rather greater
than that of the wing, not circumvallate, the ridges low and irregular but coarse,
dots obscure and few; style and stipe both short, subequal.

In some part of northern Arizona south of Flagstaff, J. W. Toumey, September,
1894. Allied to the last two, but not to be confused with either. Type in the her-
barium of the California Academy of Sciences.

19. Ptelea jucunda, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season chestnut-brown, tuberculate, minutely and only sparsely
pubescent, the older glabrate, dark, polished: leaves subcoriaceous, dull blue-green
above, merely glaucescent beneath, everywhere sparsely and obscurely pubescent;
middle leaflet lance-obovate or in some cuneate from the middle, 4 to 5 em. long,
obtusish to very acute, subentive or crenate, the pair not much smaller, obliquely
ovate or oval, all sessile: samaras round-obovate, rather small, 1.2 to 1.4 em. long,
acutish at the narrowed base, commonly emarginate at summit; body round-ovyal,
of the width of the wing, coarsely and irregularly rugose, lightly circumvallate,
notably punctate; style and stipe equal.

San Luis Mountains, on the Mexican boundary line, Arizona, June 25, 1892, E. A.
Mearns, no. 383, as in the National Herbarium. A handsome species with glossy
chestnut-colored twigs and branches, rich green perhaps persistent foliage, and
smallish but elegant samaras.

20. Ptelea sancta, sp. noy.

Mature twigs of the season chestnut-color, short, rugulose, glabrous or with minute
scattered hairs, the older like them but glabrous: leaves small, glaucescent on both
faces and small-dotted, midvein and veinlets slender and whitish, a scanty minute
histellous hairiness along them, the leaf margins unevenly crenate; odd leaflet
broadly oborate above and abrupt cuneate base, varying to rhomboid-ovate, obtuse or
acutish, 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, 2 to 2.5 wide above the middle, the pair smaller by less

than one-third, very inequilateral: samaras of the smallest, round-obovate or subpy-

riform in outline, 1 to 1.5 em. long; body large in proportion to the twig, oval or
obovoid, with broad and low not very definitely transverse rugosity; style and stipe
subequal, both short.

San José Mountains, Sonora, Mexico, August 3, 1893, Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. 8.
Army; species well marked and not otherwise known. Type in the National Herb-
arium.

64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

21. Ptelea parvula, sp. nov.

Apparently a low gnarled shrub, the older branches short, stout, knotted, ash-
gray, glabrate, the very short twigs of the season reddish and tomentulose: leaves
subcoriaceous, small, dull pale-green above and with some pubescence along the
veins, whitish beneath with bloom and also a thin white tomentulose pubescence;
odd leaflet ovate or obovate, only 2 to 5 em. long, the pair not much smaller, all
acute, subentire: samara very small, suborbicular, about 1 cm. long, the width a
mere trifle less, the whole very thick and firm; body oval, not prominently elevated
above the surface of the wing, and like it coarsely reticulate rather than definitely
rugose, the dots obscure.

Summit of the Sierra Blanca, southern New Mexico, August 1, 1897, E. O. Wooton,
his number 658 as in my set of his plants; but with no note of size or special location
other than that of the altitude of 6,500 feet, which is about that of the summit.

22. Ptelea glauca, sp. nov.

Shrub 3 meters high, all twigs and younger branches glabrous, nearly smooth,
chestnut-color: leaves numerous, small, quite firm but hardly subcoriaceous, very
glaucous on both faces, very sparingly pubescent beneath, leaflets almost equal, all
conspicuously petiolate, about 4 cm. long, lanceolate, obtuse or acute, crenulate:
samaras orbicular, the largest 1.5 em. broad and long, emarginate; body round-oval,
broader than the width of the wing, strongly and usually transversely rugose, lightly
circumyvallate; style and stipe equal, both very short.

Elegant and very peculiar species known only as obtained somewhere in south-
western Chihuahua in 1885, by Dr. E. Palmer; his distribution number 152 as in the
National Herbarium.

23. Ptelea monticola, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season dull-brown, velvety-puberulent, the older glabrate and darker:
leaves subcoriaceous, light green and strongly punctate above, beneath glaucescent -
and slightly villous as well as plainly punctate; odd leaflet broadly cuneate-oboyate,
3.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or retuse, the pair not much smaller, very obliquely ovate,
all lightly crenate, but the crenatures at length becoming obscure by revolution of —
the whole margin: samaras not large, round-obovate, 1.5 cm. long, of about the
same breadth above the middle, the base abruptly acutish, the apex slightly emar-
ginate or scarcely more than truncate ; body large, thick, broader than the widest —
part of the wing, round-obovate, strongly rugose, lightly circumyallate, obscurely
dotted. ;

Summit of the Guadalupe Mountains, western Texas, August, 1881, Dr. V. Havard;
a single but full sheet of specimens in the National Herbarium. The species is prob- |
ably local, for the Guadalupe Mountains are completely isolated, yet our shrub bears
marks of affinity for P. polyadenia, the habitat of which is the banks of the Canadian
River, 300 miles to the northward. Its foliage, however, is very different, and the
samaras differ both in outline and markings.

24. Ptelea betulifolia, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season chestnut-color, roughened with short narrow gland-tipped
ridges, glabrous and almost shining, even those of the second season as bright in
color and white-dotted: mature leaves firm, hardly subcoriaceous, bright green and
almost glabrous above, as nearly glabrous beneath but pale and glaucescent; odd leaf-
let 4 to 10 em. long, usually ovate-rhomboid or almost rhombic, acute at both ends,
but at base tapering to a short but definite petiolule, the pair smaller by one-third,
obliquely rhomboid-oval, being notably inequilateral, all distinetly and doubly ser-
rate-toothed: samaras round-oboyate, 1.6 to 1.8 em. long, usually abruptly narrow
at base and cuspidately acute at apex, or at least mucronate by the short style; body

*
,
4
-
:

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 64

round-oyal, more or less circumyallate and coarsely low-rugose, the ridges more or
less confluent into a pitted reticulation and sparsely and faintly dotted, the whole
large in proportion to the wing; style and stipe about equal, both prominent.

In various mountain ranges along the Mexican border in southern Arizona; the
best type from Fort Bowie, May, 1894, collected by A. K. Fisher. Vigorous branches
with the largest of foliage and immature fruit are from Fort Huachuca, by Dr. E.
Palmer, 1898, no. 428; both these as in the National Herbarium. A sheet taken by
Dr. Mearns, in August, 1893, from near Monument no. 88 of the Mexican boundary
line, on San José Mountain, presents some differences, and possibly may represent
yet another species; as also many specimens collected in the Santa Rita Mountains
by Mr. Pringle in 1881; though I tentatively refer all these to one.

25. Ptelea attrita, sp. nov.

Character of twigs, color and texture of foliage, etc., quite as in P. betulifolia, but
leaflets all narrow and lanceolate, distinctly crenate rather than serrate, more or less
pubescent on both faces; odd leaflet 5 to 7 cm. long, the laterals closely similar, a
trifle smaller, scarcely inequilateral: samaras oval, many triquetrous; body oval,
large and thick, of more than the width of the wing, not circumvallate, faintly and
sparsely punctate, both its rugosity and the reticulation of the wing low and indis-
tinct (as if worn down by friction); style and stipe both short, neither one prominent.

Camp Bowie, Arizona, J.T. Rothrock (in Wheeler’s Exploration ), 1874, distributed
under number 499, at least as in the National Herbarium. Manifestly a near relative
of P. betulifolia; possibly to be proven confluent with it. If so, certainty a merked
variety.

26. Ptelea similis, sp. noy.

Twigs and branches chestnut-color, shining, white-dotted, pubescent the first
season only, tortuous-angled rather than rugose: leaves subcoriaceous, very rich
bright green above, the veins whitish-hirtellous, beneath very pale, with both a
dense bloom and a short villous pubescence; odd leaflet cuneate-obovate to broadly
and sharply rhomboid and rhombic-lanceolate, 4.5 to 7 em. long, petiolulate, the
pair often similar, smaller by but one-fourth or one-third, all entire or subserrulate:
samaras broadly ovate, 2 cm. long, with base broad and subtruncate, apex abruptly

_ acute and also mucronulate; body large, ovate, much broader than the wing, trans-

verse-rugose, but the ridges broad and low, forming a circumyallation of the very
edge of the body rather than beyond and around its base, gland-dots obscure; stipe
very short, style thrice as long and prominent, the wing being broad all around the
summit, and nearly obsolete at the very base.

Extreme eastern Arizona, 35 miles north of Clifton, at an altitude of 1,660 meters,
in the canyon of Blue River, collected by Dr. Walter Hough, July 5, 1905, the
specimen in the National Herbarium. Species intimately related to the two last
preceding, if foliage is to be the more important index toaffinity. Fruit of about the
same size, but otherwise notably different from that of either; the only samara in
the genus which, in so far as I have seen, may be described as ovate.

27. Ptelea polyadenia, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season invested with a velvety ferruginous tomentum concealing all
unevenness, those of the second year glabrate, dull, dark brown, low-rugose: leaves

subcoriaceous, 6 cm. long, the upper face light green and polished, but with also a

sparse short pubescence, and closely dotted with dark glands; odd leaflet ovate-elliptic,
more acute at base than at apex where it is bluntly short-pointed, laterals less than
one-third smaller, obliquely oval, being rather notably inequilateral, all definitely,

_ though lightly, crenate: samaras round-oboyate, 1.5 em. long, retuse or emarginate,
_ thickish and hard as well as slightly concavo-convex in maturity; body round-oval,

66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

thick, of less than the average width of the wing, not circumvallate, distinctly and
closely transverse-rugose and strongly dotted; style and stipe nearly equal, both short.

The type of this uncommonly well-marked species is on National Herbarium sheet
no. 15267, purporting to have been obtained by Dr. Bigelow on. Whipple’s Expe-
dition, on the Canadian River, somewhere between Fort Smith and the Rio Grande.

There are two other sheets from the same general region, collected more recently,
that may or may not belong here—one by Dr. EF. Palmer, from between Fort Cobb
and Fort Arbuckle, in 1868, and one by M. A. Carleton, from Cheyenne County, Okla-
homa, June, 1891. Both these are in early and immature state, though the fruits, if
not mature, are nevertheless full grown and similar to those of the type, while, if the
foliage is less remarkably gland-dotted, that may well be owing to their immaturity.

28. Ptelea aboriginum, sp. nov

Twigs of the season appearing more or less rugose, but the unevenness obscured
by a short dense spreading pubescence, the older glabrate, smoothish, dark grayish-
brown: leaves subcoriaceous, of a rather lively green above, pale beneath, both faces
with obscure and scattered hints of pubescence and conspicuously punctate; odd leaf-
let obovate-elliptic to rhomboid-elliptic or rhomboid-lanceolate, about 5 to 7 em. long,
acute at apex, crenate or subentire, the pair quite similar, but smaller by one-third
or one-half, seldom obviously inequilateral: samara 1.5 to 2 cm. long, almost as broad,
little deviating from the orbicular, truncate or emarginate at base, at apex usually
obtuse, sometimes retuse; body thick, round-oval, large, its width notably exceeding —
that of the wing, lightly circumvyallate, the transverse rugosity low, somewhat reticu-
lately broken, the gland dots large and obvious; stipe broad, cuneate-linear, a little
longer than the slender style.

Rocky hills, Signal Mountain, Indian Territory, August 4, 1891, C. 8. Sheldon,
no. 247, as in the National Herbarium.

29. Ptelea lucida, sp. noy.

Twigs dark red-brown, low-rugose, obscurely if at all glandular, glabrous or with
scattered small hairs: leaves not large, subcoriaceous, glabrous except a few scattered
hairs along the margin and the midvein beneath, bright green and shining above,
lighter and without luster beneath, in no part pale or glaucescent; odd leaflet cuneate-
obovate, very obtuse, 4 to 5 em. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide above the middle, all
obscurely crenulate, though seeming quite entire, a very narrow margin being reyo-
lute, the pair like the odd one in outline though smaller and inequilateral: samaras
large for the foliage, suborbicular, 2 cm. wide, the length somewhat less, both ends
being retuse, the body round-oval, of less than the width of the wing, lightly eir-
cumvyallate, the rugosity obscure and inclined to be radiate.

’ Rocky bluffs of Comanche Peak, Texas, J. Reverchon, June, 1882, no. 1229, as in
the herbarium of John Donnell Smith.

In the National Herbarium, occupying sheet no. 125, are two immature twigs from
Gillespie County, Texas, collected by G. Jermy, that seem to be P. lucida. <A third,
on sheet 358374 from Kerr County, in the same State, by W. L. Bray, is obviously to”
be referred here, although fruit.in this is only half grown. The leaves in these early
specimens are of course thin, not subcoriaceous as in the mature type specimen col-
lected by Reverchon. |

30. Ptelea toxicodendron Small, Bull. Torr. Club 28 : 294. 1901.

Mature twigs dull rather dark brown, glabrous, remarkably smooth; foliage of
vivid almost shining green above, less vivid but not pale beneath, in age doubtl
subcoriaceous; odd leaflet obovate, 4.5 to 6 em. long, abruptly acute at base, at apex
obtuse or even emarginate, plainly crenate, the larger doubly so, the pair common
smaller by one-half or one-third, nearly ovate and but slightly inequilateral,
sessile: samaras unknown.

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 67

Kerrville, Texas, May 3, 1894, A. A. Heller, in flower and perhaps nearly full-
grown foliage; distributed under no. 1690. In the mere outline of them the leaflets
recall those of P. betulifolia of Arizona, but the two are otherwise very unlike.

31. Ptelea persicifolia, sp. noy

Twigs of the season light chestnut-color but dull and puberulent, finely rugulose:
foliage of a light green, almost subcoriaceous, lighter beneath, and with scanty
pubescence of rather long hairs; odd leaflet somewhat broadly and elliptically lance-
olate, 5 to 7 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, the pair similar and not much smaller,
all sessile, subentire: samaras nearly orbicular, obtuse at both ends, 2 cm. broad,
not quite as long; body round-oyal, of less than the width of the wing, sinuously
circumyallate, definitely transverse-rugose and strongly dotted; style twice as long
as the stipe.

Huntsville, Oklahoma, June 5, 1896, Laura A. Blankinship. Species in several
respects peculiar, not easy to place. Type in the National Herbarium.

32. Ptelea subvestita, sp. nov.

Mature twigs of the season quite velvety, the indument concealing the evidently
lightly rugose and red-brown bark, the petioles also softly villous, and the lower face
of the leaves, these subcoriaceous, glaucescent even above, and with mere traces ofa
scattered pubescence beyond the veins and veinlets, the latter more distinctly pubes-
cent ; odd leaflet rhombic-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends, 4 to 6
em. long, lightly and often obscurely crenate, the pair inequilateral and obliquely
oval, smaller by about one-third; samaras suborbicular, 2 cm. long, more or less;
body oval, about as wide as the wing, indistinctly circumvallate, coarsely low-rugose,
the ridges not definitely transverse, scantily and obscurely punctate ; style and stipe
both prominent, subequal.

Dry hills about Silver City and Fort Bayard, southern New Mexico, the type
specimens collected by myself in mature fruit, July 20, 1880, and preserved in the
Herbarium of the California Academy. Late in November of 1905 the same was col-
lected at Fort Bayard by Mr. J. C. Blumer, the twigs laden with mature fruit of the
largest dimensions, the foliage having mostly fallen at that date; but the identity of
these specimens with mine, as to the species, is certain, both from the twigs and
from such foliage as was preserved.

33. Ptelea padifolia, sp. nov.

Growing twigs delicately but densely puberulent under a not sparse indument of
hirsute hairs which is deciduous, those of the second season wholly divested of the
hirsute hairs, only puberulent, even obscurely so, the red-brown bark appearing
glabrous, scarcely at all rugulose or glandular: leaves of a vivid green above, nearly
glabrous, some short hirtellous hairs along the midvein, and a few more short and
appressed scattered over the surface, the lower face pale and almost hoary with a
minute villous tomentum; odd leaflet from narrowly crenate-obovate to almost
rhomboid-lanceolate, 5 to 7 em. long, cuspidately acute, the pair smaller by from
one-fourth to one-third, mostly oblique-oval and pointless, all neatly and evenly
crenulate: samaras not quite mature but full-grown round-oval, nearly 2 em. long,
1.8 cm. wide; body broad-oval, not as wide as the wing; style and stipe equal.

Western Texas, in the canyon of the Rio Limpia, April 26, 1902, 8S. M. Tracy and
F. 8. Earle, no. 272, as in my herbarium (type) and the National Herbarium.

Most unlike all other species of Texas regions westward in its thin deep-green
foliage; this by its slender whitish veins, evenly crenulate margins, and even by the
outline of the terminal leaflets, readily recalls that of some of the so-called wild
cherries.

68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

34. Ptelea neo-mexicana, s)p. noy.

Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; twigs of the season olive-green, glandular-tuberculate,
scarcely rugulose, minutely and sparsely villous-hirtellous, the petioles, pedicels, and
lower face of leaves more pronouncedly so: foliage thin, of a very bright and lively
green above with a trace of pubescence on the veins, beneath pale though hardly
glaucescent, but with scattered soft hairs; odd leaflet lance-rhomboid, 5.5 to 7.5 em.
long, equally acute at each end, the laterals sometimes as large, oftener smaller by
one-fourth, obliquely ovate, very inequilateral, acute, all evenly and obviously crenate,
not notably punctate on either face: samaras large, thin, and flat, suborbicular, 2 em.
wide, the length less by 1 mm. or more, both ends a little retuse; body round-ovyal or
almost orbicular, of about the width of the wing, circumyallate, the rugosity pro-
nounced and elevated, more or less broken into transversely elongated reticulations,
the gland-dots obscure; style and stipe not very unequal, the latter a trifle shorter.

In the Black Range, southern New Mexico, at about 2,270 meters, O. B. Metealfe,
October 11, 1904, his no. 1479, as in the National Herbarium. Fendler’s no. 95 may
perhaps be the same, but the fruit in his specimens is only half grown, yet the foli-
age, so much younger than in Metcalfe’s, is nevertheless of a firmer texture, which is
prejudicial against its being the same.

35. Ptelea acutifolia Greene & Rose, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season dull chestnut-color, rather sharply and angulately rugose and
puberulent, the older glabrate, darker, obtusely and tortuously striate: leaves firm
but not subcoriaceous, deep green above, paler beneath and villous-strigulose, defi-
nitely crenulate, all on elongated petioles mostly 6 to 8 em. long; odd leaflet lance-
elliptic, very acute at both ends, 5.5 to 8 cm. long, the pair usually but little smaller
and of the same outline, being scarcely inequilateral: samaras small for the foliage,
transversely subquadrate-orbicular to quite orbicular, the largest and most quadrate
2 em. wide, 1.5 em. long, such subtruncate at both ends; body very round-ovoid,
hardly as broad as the wing, lightly circumvallate, not at all sharply transverse-
rugose, moderately punctate; style and stipe nearly equal.

State of Jalisco, Mexico, on the road between Huejuquilla and Mesquitec, August
25, 1897, Dr. J. N. Rose, no. 2580, asin the National Herbarium. Species not other-
wise known, and remarkable for the great length of the petioles, the leaflets not acu-
minate, though very acute.

36. Ptelea megacarpa Rose, sp. noy.

Twigs tortuously striate rather than rugulose, and with glands between the lines;
bark chestnut-colored when mature, glabrous: leaves large, of thin texture, vivid
dark-green on both faces, scarcely lighter beneath and not in the least glaucescent,
glabrous; leaflets ovate-elliptic, the pair almost or quite as large as the odd one,
oblique rather than notably inequilateral, all cuspidately acuminate, entire, the odd
one 7 to 12 em. long: samaras very large, thin and flat, the circumscription exactly
orbicular, abruptly subcordate at base and equally obcordate-notched at apex, both
the length and breadth about 3.5 em.; body small in proportion to the wing, cir-
cumyallate, transverse-rugose, almost dotless, as also the wing; style of thrice the
length of the stipe. :

Dr. Rose establishes this handsome species on Mr. Pringle’s no. 8868 (type in
the National Herbarium), from the State of Hidalgo, Mexico; and it has been so
distributed.

Mr. Pringle reports it to attain the dimensions of a small tree at about 1,600
meters altitude below Trinidad Iron Works, where it was obtained by him June 2,
1904. Flowers were collected May 10, but, unhappily, none but the pistillate; so
that the character of the filaments can not be given.

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 69

: 37. Ptelea laetissima Greene & Rose, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season dull red-brown, lightly rugulose, puberulent, the older dull
brown, glabrate, smoothish: leaves small, of a light very bright green above, light
dull green beneath, with faint trace of minute scattered hairiness on both faces, but
to the unaided eye glabrous; odd leaflet lanceolate, acutish at both ends, about 5 em.
long, the pair similar and hardly inequilateral, only about half as large, all sessile,
obsoletely crenulate: samaras large for the foliage, greenish in maturity, orbicular,
about 1.8 cm. long and broad, truncate at base, emarginate at apex; body oval, of
less than the width of the wing, prominently rugose, but the wrinkles not very con-
tinuously transverse, punctuation not strong; stile and stipe nearly equal, both slen-
der yet prominent.

Near Tehuacan, State of Puebla, Mexico, September, 1905, collected by Messrs. Rose,
Painter, and Rose (no. 9927), typein the National Herbarium. The specimens being
atthat datein fruit nearly matured, and with foliage bright and untarnished as if that of
early summer at the North, are evidence that the species comes into leaf and flower
only late in summer after the beginning of the rainy season.

We have in the United States no Ptelea to equal this in the beauty of its light
green almost brilliant foliage, a strong tinge of which is held by even the mature
fruit.

. 38. Ptelea verrucosa, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season greenish at maturity, verrucose-roughened with crowded short
‘rugosities each crowned with a conspicuous gland, the intervening small furrows
with a few hairs, the older twigs smoother, straw-colored, glabrate but still low-
tuberculate: foliage vivid green above, paler beneath, stiffly subcoriaceous, strongly
punctate on both faces and with evident traces of pubescence; odd leaflet ovate above
an abruptly cuneate base, 4 to 6 cm. long, cuspidately pointed but the very apex
emarginate, the whole margin very lightly though not finely crenate: samara small
for the foliage, exactly orbicular, 1.3 to 1.5 cm. long, quite as broad; body round-
obovate, broader than the wing, lightly circumyallate, coarsely reticulate and pitted,
the glands many and evident; style prominent, more than twice as long as the very
short stipe. :

Well marked species known in but a single but very satisfactory specimen in the
collection of the old Mexican Boundary Survey, mounted on National Herbarium
sheet no. 624, along with fragments of three other species. No special locality is
indicated for any of the specimens.

39. Ptelea ambigens, sp. noy.

Shrub, probably low, all the twigs and branches short, stoutish, flexuous, very leafy,
scarcely tuberculate and but lightly rugose in any stage, in all pale straw-color, gla-
brous: leaves quite firmly subcoriaceous, glabrous pale and glaucescent beneath, only
very obscurely punctate; middle leaflet obovate, 4 to 5 em. long, abruptly cuneate at
base, acute at apex, the pair obliquely oval, smaller by one-half or one-third, all
more or less distinctly crenate: samaras suborbicular, mostly a trifle broader than
long, the width in the larger 2 cm. the length 1.8 em., some smaller even a trifle
longer than broad and inclining to obovate; body oval, of less than the width of the
wing, with but faint traces of transverse ridges, no circumyallation, but copiously
dotted: style shorter than the stipe.

The only specimen, but that a very good one, is from some unmentioned station
in southern Utah, and was collected by Dr. E. Palmer as long ago as 1877. The
species is peculiar as exhibiting along with the whitish and shining twigs of this
group a foliage not so distinctly yellow-green, the lower face being quite glaucescent,
as in none of its near allies.

70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

40. Ptelea nitens,sp. noy.

Shrub low, compact, densely leafy and floriferous; twigs of the season light yel-
lowish brown, roughened by short ridges each bearing a low tubercular gland, deli-
eately puberulent or glabrous, the older only very light brown, smooth, glabrate,
almost shining: leaves subcoriaceous, light green, coarsely gland-dotted and glabrous
above, paler beneath and less glandular, obscurely pubescent along the midvein;
odd leaflet 4 to 5 em. long, rhombic-lanceolate, very acute or shortly acuminate,
faintly crenate, the pair slightly inequilateral, nearly as large: samaras suborbicular
inclining to ovoid, 1.5 to 1.8 em. long, subcordate, the apex obtuse or retuse, the
whole of firm hard texture and somewhat polished, body oval and very long in
proportion, circumyallate, strongly wrinkled but irregularly rather than transversely,
the glands few and not prominent; style greatly elongated, stipe very short, almost
obsolete. |

Canyon of the Arkansas River above Canon City, Colorado, July, 1892, Miss
Eastwood, the type in the Herbarium of the California Academy, in copious fruit.
The species was collected by myself in the same canyon in 1896, but in leaf only, no
fruit seen. A specimen in young fruit, taken in June, 1892, by Mr. J. H. Cowen at
Florence, well down the Arkansas Valley toward the plains, may also belong here;
but the bark in this is straw-colored and the immature foliage abruptly rather long-
acuminate.

41. Ptelea pallida, sp. nov.

Twigs of the season of a light yellowish-brown, puberulent, elongated-rugose, hardly
glandular, those of a former season glabrate, light ash-gray, low-rugose: leaves not
large, rigidly subcoriaceous, dull pale green above, beneath still paler and glauces-
cent, both faces glabrous except as to mere traces of short pubescence on the veins
and margin; odd leaflet elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5 to 5.5 em. long, lateral pair one-half
to three-fourths as large, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, all minutely crenate-subserru-
late, the petioles 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long and remarkably slender: samaras large for the
foliage, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, almost exactly orbicular, very obtuse or almost truncate at
each end; body oval, of less than the width of the wing, not distinctly circumvallate,
the ridges low, seldom definitely transverse, usually of a sinuous irregularity and
with few large gland-dots interspersed; wing smoothish, the reticulation low; style
long, stipe half as long, both prominent.

Arid rocky hills above Peach Springs, northern Arizona, collected by the writer
July 3, 1889; type in the National Herbarium. The species is peculiar, not easily
associated with any group.

42. Ptelea straminea, sp. nov.

Fruiting twigs short, stout, almost divaricate or a little recurved, straw-colored
and deeply so, almost yellowish, delicately puberulent, faintly rugulose, almost
glandless, the dots few, low, obscure, the bark of older twigs whitish, glabrate,
smooth and polished: leaves not thick, hardly suboriaceous, of almost the same
bright light green on both faces, everywhere glabrous, only faintly and sparsely
punctate; odd leaflet obovate, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, acute at base, obtuse at apex, defi-
nitely and not finely crenate, the laterals often quite similar scarcely smaller, some-
times smaller by one-third and acute but seldom at all inequilateral: samaras large,
of suborbicular outline but broader than long, the width fully 2 cm., strongly both
cordate and obcordate, the whole being thus somewhat 2-lobed; body orbicular and
central, of much less than the width of the wing, only faintly low-rugose, very
notably and densely glandular,

Rocky slopes of the Virgin Mountains in extreme northwestern Arizona, C. A.
Purpus, 1898; his no. 6165 as in the National Herbarium. In the foliage and fruit
there are suggestions of affinity between this and the Californian members of the

|
,

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 71

‘genus; nevertheless the whitish and shining twigs attest its being really of the
present singular group of northern Arizona, though differing considerably from most
others as to its broad obovate leaflets of rather thinnish texture.

43. Ptelea nitida, sp. nov.

Shrub perhaps low, the branching at least compact, the fructification copious, in
short and very few-flowered panicles; all twigs and branches whitish, very smooth
and somewhat shining: leaves small, of the same light green on both faces, glabrous,
strongly punctate; middle leaflet ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 4 em. long, acutish at each
end, obscurely crenulate, the laterals oval to lanceolate and from nearly or quite
as large to smaller by about one-third, all sessile: samaras large for the leaves,
all triquetrous, the faces round-obcordate, 1.5 cm. in length and breadth, retuse at
base but obecordate at the broad summit; body oval, of less than the width of the
wing, very faintly cireumyallate, but also the rugosity equally low and obscure, as
is also the reticulation of the wing, the fruit as a whole remarkably smooth and pol-
ished, the scattered punctuation hardly more obvious.

Species known to me only as in the Herbarium of the California Academy from
somewhere in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in Arizona, collected by E. O.
Wooton, July 8, 1892.

44. Ptelea argentea, sp. nov.

Twigs whitish and polished, much smoother than in any others of the group,
neither ridges nor glands obvious to the unaided eye: leaves hard and quite coria-
ceous, of a bright but not shining green above, very pale and with a silvery gloss
beneath, yet everywhere perfectly glabrous, odd leaflet lanceolate or even slightly
rhombic-lanceolate, acute, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, laterals smaller by about one-fourth,
lanceolate, all sessile, obscurely subserrulate: samaras large for the foliage, usually
triquetrous, those 2-winged and plane-suborbicular but broader than long, the breadth
1.5 cm.; body in all elongated-obovate, marked throughout its length with obscure
low but quite transverse ridges and with low circumyallation, the dots many, yet
inconspicuous; style slender, not long, yet longer than the short cuneiform stipe.

This species, remarkabie tor its leathery tohage, silvery-lustrous. beneath, 1s known

_to me only as collected by Dr. F. H. Knowlton, somewhere 1n the Grand Canyon of

the Colorado, September 10, 1889, the specimens filling two sheets in the National
Herbarium (one the type). Notwithstanding the luster on the lower face of the
leaflets, 1 am unable to detect any indument there, either lepidote or otherwise.

45. Ptelea neglecta, sp. nov.

Mature twigs of the season light chestnut-color, short-rugulose, glandular-tuber-
culate, glabrous, those a year old whitish, smoother and shining. leaves equally
hght-green on both laces, subcoriaceous, glabrous, conspicuously and darkly gland-
dotted, odd leaflet lanceolate, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse, the pair commonly little
smaller, equal-sided, all obscurely or not at all crenate, sessile: samara very large
lor the johage, 2 to 2.2 cm. long, broadly oval or obovate, retuse at both ends, body
rather narrowly oval and long, of the width of the wing, not rugose but very strong!
gland-dotted, the dots, however, in some disposed in rather definitely transverse
lines, style and stipe subequal, both short.

Near Kanab, southern Utah, A. Wetherill, 1897; the only specimens in the Herb-
arium of the California Academy, consisting ot two sorry fragments, but well in
fruit, and evincing a marked species.

46. Ptelea triptera, sp. noy.

Shrub apparently low, the whitish or straw-colored branches more glandular-
tuberculate than rugose: leaves small, in maturity subcoriaceous, yellow-green

72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

and glabrous throughout; leaflets all lanceolate, sessile, slightly acuminate, the
odd one 3 to 4.5 em. long, the laterals notably smaller, all obscurely subserrate
or dentate: samaras large for the foliage, almost invariably triquetrous, the face
broadly round-cordate, the apex being narrower, yet rather broad and emarginate;
body round-oval, not transverse-rugose but deeply pitted-reticulate, a conspicuous
gland in each pit, the whole body slightly circumvallate, of less than the width of
the wing, the fruit as a whole 1.5 em. long and quite as broad near the base.

Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, excellent specimen in the National
Herbarium, collected by J. W. Toumey, July 11, 1892.

47. Ptelea lutescens, sp. nov.

Bark of all twigs and branches whitish and shining as well as strongly rugulose
and faintly and sparingly glandular-tuberculate: foliage light green, a little pale
beneath, of barely subcoriaceous texture, densely and minutely dotted on both faces;
odd leaflet lanceolate above a rather long cuneate base, 4 to 6 em. long, laterals from
nearly as large to smaller by one-half, obliquely lanceolate, all lightly subserrate-
toothed and quite sessile: samaras large, suborbicular, 2 cm. wide and not quite as
long, subtruncate across the broad summit, the base often slightly retuse; body oval,
of little more than half the width of the wing, faintly transverse-rugose and circum-
vallate, not strongly gland-dotted; style and stipe about equal.

Species of northwestern Arizona, inhabiting canyons tributary to the Grand Can-
yon of the Colorado, the best specimen from Red Canyon Trail, collected June 10,
1901, by Lester F. Ward (type in the National Herbarium). Younger material, with
fruit not mature, from Bright Angel Trail, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam, May 10, 1903.
These last imperfect specimens have smaller relatively broader leaflets, and may
possibly represent another species.

48. Ptelea elegans, sp. nov.

Twigs much smoother than in the last, and straw-colored rather than whitish,
the rugosity less prominent: leaves thinner, twice as large, the middle leaflet lance-
olate, acuminate, all these sessile, obscurely subserrate-toothed: samaras fully 2 em.
wide and of the same length except as notched broadly and deeply at both ends
between rounded cordate lobes; body obovoid, distinctly yet delicately transverse-
rugose not circumvallate, small dotted; style short, stipe none.

Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, June 14, 1891, D. T. McDougal, the
shrub said to grow ‘‘in rich soil and in water.’’ The only specimens seen are in
the National Herbarium.

49. Ptelea confinis, sp. nov.

Immature twigs of the season, short, crooked, whitish, rugulose and polished, but
also sparingly pubescent; those a year or two old dull brownish, glabrate, less rugu-
lose, notably glandular-tuberculate: leaves small, of a light somewhat yellowish
green above, paler and glaucescent beneath; odd leaflet 3 to 4 cm. long, rhombie-
lanceolate or merely ovate-lanceolate, the laterals almost as large, obliquely lanceo-
late, all acutish, sessile, finely and evenly or very obscurely serrulate: samaras large
for the foliage, suborbicular, 1.5 cm. long and of the same breadth, retuse at base,
minutely cuspidate-acute at apex; body oval, of less than the width of the wing, con-
spicuously transverse-rugose and dotted; style and stipe both short.

El Paso, Texas, April, 1881, G. R. Vasey; specimens with fruit unripe, but appar-
ently almost or quite full grown.

The plant is interesting as belonging to that group of white-barked species inhab-
iting the region of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in northwestern Arizona and

adjacent Utah.
'_ The material examined is on four sheets in the National Herbarium, among which
I would name that on sheet 15254 as the type.

GREENE—PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 73

50. Ptelea saligna, sp. nov.

Twigs and branches all with whitish shining bark faintly rugose, not obviously
glandular, glabrous: foliage thinnish, clear light green above, paler beneath, pustu-
late-punctate but glands colorless and obscure, both faces glabrous; odd leaflet nar-
rowly lanceolate or even lance-linear, slightly acuminate but the very apex obtuse,
5 to 9 em. long including a distinct and not very short petiolule, the pair one-third
smaller, short-petiolulate, in general narrower in proportion but equal-sided, all
lightly crenate: samaras large, subreniform-orbicular, being always broader than
long, the breadth 1.5 to 2 cm., base subcordate, apex not so, but now and then mu-
cronate-acutish; body oval, smallish, of little more than half the width of the wing,
very lightly transverse-rugose and faintly dotted, not circumyallate, the faint ridges
becoming more prominent as graduating into the somewhat retrorse venation of the
wing; style and stipe equal, or the former longer.

Nagle’s Ranch, Arizona, altitude 2,240 meters, M. kK. Jones, September 15, 1894,
no. 6048, as in the National Herbarium (type) and the Herbarium of the California
Academy. Most peculiar species, having long narrow leaflets imitating the leaves
of Salix nigra in color, form, and texture. The locality isin northern Arizona, north
of the Grand Canyon.

51. Ptelea brevistylis, sp. noy.

Twigs and branches for two seasons dark reddish brown, sparsely puberulent, not
rugulose, but roughened with a rather close tuberculation: leaflets of a dull light
green, ovate- to oblong- lanceolate, 5 cm. long, in age glabrate, doubtless pubescent
when young, the margins lightly crenulate: samaras large and with broad thinnish
wing, the outline usually round-obovate, but in some nearly orbicular, the length of
the largest 2 cm., the breadth toward the summit 1.8 em.; body of the fruit large,
round-obovate, very obscurely and irregularly rugose, somewhat pubescent, strongly
gland-dotted, very eccentric, its summit nearly or quite styleless and the wing thin,
deeply emarginate, or obcordate, the almost sessile stigma in the notch, the base of
the wing merely subcordate and the stipe long.

Of this shrub, singular among Californian species of Ptelea by its large fruit with
broad wing, which is subcordate at base and nearly obcordate at summit, only a
single specimen has been seen, and that imperfect as to foliage, but with a fine clus-
ter of fruits. It was collected by G. R. Vasey in 1875, in what part of the State it
is impossible to ascertain.

It is unmistakably Californian by the peculiar hue and venation of foliage that
are common to all known Californian species, and which occur in no others; and its
fruit is pubescent, as in none but Californian members of the genus. The type

specimen is in the National Herbarium, sheet no. 321.

52. Ptelea ovalifolia, sp. nov.

Mature twigs of the season chestnut-color, lightly rugulose, quite as prominently
tuberculate, minutely and not densely puberulent, those a year old glabrate, the
tuberculation more prominent, the rugosity less so: leaves ample, firm, but not sub-
coriaceous, of a light vivid green on both faces and almost polished, a trifle paler
and duller beneath, with mere traces of pubescence on veins and veinlets; terminal
leaflet oval, 6.5 to 8 cm. long, 3.5 to 4em. broad, the pair stnaller by one-fourth to
one-third, obliquely oval, all sessile, nearly obtuse, some with a short and abrupt
blunt point, all more or less crenate: samaras small for the foliage, subreniform-
orbicular, the width being about 1.7 cm., the length only 1.4 em., the base retuse, the
apex only very obtuse; body broadly round-oval, large, its width notably greater
than that of the wing, obscurely puberulent in full maturity, the rugosities tending
transversely but almost wholly broken into pitted reticulations, each with a gland
at bottom; style and stipe not obscure, both short.

74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

The type, and only known specimen, I find on sheet 321, National Herbarium,
collected in California in 1875 by G. R. Vasey, no other data given; in all the
valuable collection of Californian Ptelea belonging to the California Academy there is
nothing showing approach to this in respect to either its broad and large oval leaflets
or its transversely elongated samaras.

53. Ptelea cinnamomea, sp. noy.

Twigs of the season of a rather bright cinnamon-red, glabrous, rugose and glandu-
lar-tuberculate but polished, those a year old similar but darker and not shining:
leaves thin, of a vivid light-green above, paler beneath, copiously glandular and the
glands colorless and pellucid, obscurely puberulent along the veins beneath, glabrous
and shining above; middle leaflet 5 to 7.5 cm. long, obovate-oblong and obtuse as to
those of the lower and fruiting branches, elliptic-lanceolate on vigorous sterile shoots,
always obtuse, lightly crenate, the pair two-thirds as large, only slightly inequilateral:
samara from suborbicular to somewhat obovate, about 18 mm. long, obtuse at base, at
apex subulate-pointed, by the projecting style pervading a cusp-like continuation of
the wing, the body very large, much wider than the width of the wing, suborbicular
to round-obovate, the usual transverse ridges faint, apt to be broken into something
like a reticulation, the intervals strongly glandular.

Vicinity of Ione, California, in the foothills of the Sierra, June, 1904, Ernest Braun-
ton; type in the National Herbarium.

54. Ptelea crenulata Greene, Pittonia 1: 216. 1888.

Ptelea angustifolia Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 97. 1876, in part, not Benth.

Ptelea crenulata Greene, Pittonia 1: 216. 1888; Flora Franciscana 75. 1891; Man. Bay-
Reg. 72. 1894, of all in part only.

Young twigs gland-dotted and sparsely hirtellous-villous, those of the second sea-
son dark brown or blackish, glabrate, glandular-tuberculate and rugulose: leaflets
notably unequal, the laterals one-third to two-thirds the size of the terminal, this 4
to 7 em. long, broadly to narrowly cuneate-obovate, all of rather light vivid green,
gland-dotted and more or less puberulent, the feather veins strongly divergent and
on the lower face whitish and very conspicuous, the margins crenulate, or in the
largest and most vigorous specimens doubly subserrate crenulate, the apex
acute or in some obtusish: branches of the inflorescence and the pedicels minutely
hirtellous: filaments hirsutulous from base to above the middle: samara orbicular,
1.4 to 1.6 em. wide, the length from slightly less to a trifle more, not flat but dis-
tinctly concavo-convex, sometimes a little retuse at both ends, sometimes at neither;
body very large and thick, of nearly or quite twice the width of the wing, very
broadly round-oval or almost orbicular, not circumyallate, closely but irregularly
transverse-rugose and also marked, at least from the middle upward, by a broad,
shallow furrow, the whole moderately gland-dotted and puberulent; style and stipe
short, equal.

The description of this more common Californian species is here completed in the
light of perfect material from Mount Diablo, partly as collected by the late Dr.
Parry, July 4, 1872, and partly from a pocket of many mature samaras brought
from the same locality, October, 1898, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam. Its habitat on that
mountain seems to be in Mitchell’s Canyon, on the northward slope, and, as Dr.
Merriam informs me, at an elevation of about 300 meters. Flowering specimens
were distributed from this station by C. F. Baker, collected by himself in April,
1903, the distribution numbers being 2942 and 2943. The species appears to occur
at various other places up and down the Coast Range of middle California.

Number 5564 of Heller & Brown, from the Marysville Buttes, distributed for P.
crenulata, I suspect may represent another and a more local species; but the speci-
mens are, as usual, in flower only. A like degree of uncertainty exists in relation to
a sheet from Kaweah, Tulare County, collected by Miss Eastwood, April, 1895.

PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 75

GREENE

55. Ptelea bullata, sp. nov.

Shrub dioecious, the male not known: growing twigs obscurely puberulent, rugu-
lose; older branches dark-brown, glabrous: leaves of a light and vivid green, lighter
beneath, glabrous on both faces except for a sparse short pubescence on the midvein
beneath, sparsely gland-dotted and very minutely densely puncticulate; terminal
leaflet elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute at both ends, not very distinctly
subserrulate, the pair more than two-thirds as large, more or less inequilateral; flow-
ers many, in ample loose subcorymbose panicles, but these sessile, not equaling the
foliage: sarnaras suborbicular or inclining to round-oboyate, abruptly acute, the base
truncate or subcordate, about 1.5 em. long, 1.2 cm. wide above the middle; body
large, round-ovate, much wider than the width of the wing, puberulent, faintly cir-
cumvallate, gland-dotted only while immature, in maturity finely transverse-
rugose, but the intervals between the ridges elevated above them and as if inflated.

Anderson’s Ranch, Lower Lake, Lake County, California, May 11, 1901, Agnes
Bowman; type specimen in the Herbarium of the California Academy; no others
seen. The species is a most notable one in the characters of its fruit, this being des-
titute of dot-like glands, and the surface of the capsular body rising in blister-like
elevations between the uncommonly slender and low transverse ridges, all manifestly
quite normal.

56. Ptelea cycloloma, sp. nov.

Young twigs and other growing parts puberulent, even older twigs and branches
puberulent, dark-brown, tuberculate, but mature foliage more obscurely pubescent
or puberulent, yet not glabrous on either face, wholly ofa light but dull green; ter-
minal leaflet oblong, lanceolate, obtuse, but at base abruptly acutish, 4.5 to 6 cm.
long, somewhat crenulate, the pair about two-thirds as large, only slightly inequi-
lateral: samaras variable as to size, the smaller 1 cm., the larger 1.5 cm., wide, orbic-
ular, not notched or lobed or truncated at either end; body unusually large,
commonly almost obicular, its breadth nearly twice that of the wing, also unusually
thick and double convex, with no teace of circumyallation, only a low transverse
rugosity but with copious and prominent gland-dots.

Mountains near Mariposa in the Sierra Nevada, California, collected by J. W.
. Congdon, the fruiting specimens in July, 1893, the flowering in May, 1894; type in
the Herbarium of the California Academy, sheet no. 12214. The flowering speci-
mens are from the pistillate shrub, and the stamens therefore unknown. The
species is most interesting, inasmuch as its fruits, with their unusually large and
thick nut-like body and narrow wing, make some approach, not however any near
approach, to those of the more southerly P. aptera.

57. Ptelea nucifera, sp. nov.

Ptelea aptera Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 2: 138. 1889, not Parry.

Evidently a low stunted shrub, the branches of the season and leaf-bearing twigs
mostly less than an inch long, dark brown, puberulent, not strongly tuberculate;
flowers and early foliage not known: mature leaves subcoriaceous, small, the leaflets
very unequal, the lateral pair usually greatly reduced and unequally so, the odd
leaflet narrowly obovate-oblong to obovate, lightly and not closely crenate, the
whole leaf glabrous and coarsely gland-dotted above, scantily pubescent beneath:
fruits oval, 2 cm. long, very thick and nut-like, encircled by a distinct though narrow
wing, this and the body thickly beset with low tubercles frustulate at summit.

Las Huevitas, Lower California, May 20, 1889, T. S. Brandegee. Type in the Her-
barium of the California Academy. It is mounted on the same sheet with some of
Dr. Parry’s specimens of his P. aptera, and even the fruits of P. nucifera, all
“detached from the twigs that supported them, have been recklessly placed within
the same pocket containing those of P. aptera; but they are so different as to be

76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

segreyated without the least difficulty. They are fully three times—now and then
four times—the size of those of P. aplera, but have a wing. The body has its own
outline, being exactly oval in P. nucifera, whereas in P. aptera it is, as Dr. Parry
said, ‘* broadly ovate.”’

The locality of P. nucifera is well down toward the middle of the Lower Californian —
Peninsula, and at some distance inland, in the vicinity of a desert water hole, while
P. aptera is maritime, inhabiting hills that slope down to the sea, well toward the
northern extremity of the peninsula.

Specimens of the fruit of P. nucifera appear to have been communicated by Mr.
Brandegee to Dr. Parry; for in the Parry Herbarium I find attached to the type
sheet two pockets, one containing his types of the fruit of P. aptera and so labeled;
the other inclosing five perfect samaras of P. nucifera. This pocket is without a
mark of any kind in Dr. Parry’s hand; as if he may have entertained some doubt
about its contents being referable to P. aptera. .

58. Ptelea obscura sp. noy.

Shrub slender, probably low, the slender twigs after the first season dark-brown,
glabrate, closely regulose and strongly glandular, all the growing parts, including both
faces of the leaves, minutely and sparsely appressed-pubescent; odd leaflet about 3
em. long, narrowly rhomboid-ovate, broadest in the middle or below it, acute at
base, acutish at apex, lateral leaflets from less to more than half as large, inequi-
laterally oblong-ovate, the leaf as a whole of a light-green, the lower face lighter but ©
not glaucescent; flower large, solitary, the petals oblong-obovate, short-unguiculate,
densely puberulent without and within; filaments long, but stoutly subulate, gla-
brous throughout: fruit not known with certainty.

Near Santo Tomas, lower California, May 17, 1886, C. R. Orcutt; type in the United
States National Herbarium. The locality of this is not, like that of P. aptera, mari-
time, but well inland among the peninsular hills and mountains, a fact which of
itself would betoken specific difference, especially on our Pacific coast anywhere, and
on the peninsula of lower California it would be little short of decisive. But there
are excellent characters of foliage upon which to establish P. obscura as a species;
and there is ground tor a suspicion that its fruit furnished the type of the figure of
so-called P. aptera in the third volume ot Garden and Forest, as I have suggested
below under that species.

59. Ptelea aptera Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 4: 39. 1884.

Ptelea aptera Sargent, Gard. & Forest 3: 333. fig. 45. 1890, in part.

Shrub much branched and rigid, about 2 to 5 meters high, all the growing parts
appressed-pubescent, but twigs and branches after the first season dark-brown and
glabrate, rugulose and glandular-tuberculate: mature foliage unknown, the leaves at
early flowering small, with leaflets not very unequal, the odd one 1.5 to 2 em. long,
narrowly obovate, obtuse, crenulate, the crenatures commonly obscured by the rey-
olute character of the whole margin: flowers solitary, or very few and corymbose,
usually pentamerous, large, the filaments glabrous: truit wingless and nut-like,
round-ovate or subcordate-ovate, emarginate at apex, mostly less, rarely more than
1 cm. long, somewhat sinuately rugulose, and conspicuously dotted with coarse
tubercles, depressed or flattened at summit as if pustulate when growing. ‘y

The above diagnosis is drawn wholly from Dr. Parry’s original specimens as col-
lected by himself and Mr. Orcutt from slopes of hills along the seashore at Punta
Banda, northern lower California, January 24, 1883. These type specimens were made
available through the courtesy of Dr. Pammel, of the Iowa Agricultural College
at Ames, lowa, where Dr. Parry’s herbarium is now in keeping. I recall that—
Dr. Parry, immediately after his return to San Francisco from that expedition to
the peninsula, reported to me the interesting discovery of a wingless-fruited Ptelea,

gt

GREENE

PTELEA IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST.

showing me specimens and remarking that the shrub was, at the time of collecting,
in young leaf and early flower, but that on some branches, or else upon the ground
beneath the bushes, Mr. Orcutt had first detected a few fruits, of which they suc-
ceeded, through diligent search, in obtaining a small quantity for distribution.

In addition to this sheet of type specimens I have one duplicate sheet before me,
and that an excellent one, that he presented to the California Academy at the time.
Another, less ample, was at the same time sent to the Herbarium of the Department
of Agriculture (now in the National Herbarium) at Washington; but with this there
are five good fruits. A sheet in the herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith, of
Baltimore, in respect to the size of the branches and copiousness of flowers, the best
of all, is also a part of the original collection as made by Mr. Orcutt.

The volume of Davenport Academy Proceedings, in which the species was pub-
lished, was issued in 1884. Since that date there have been at least two other collec-
tions of Ptelea made on the peninsula, one by Mr. Orcutt at Santo Tomas, a locality
not maritime but at some distance inland among the mountains; this in 1886, and
another by Mr. Brandegee from an inland desert district much further southward;
this in 1889. All these specimens, of both collectors, have been distributed for /.
aptera, yet are not at all of that species. Their respective characters as distinct have
been given above. .

Of the figure, published in the third yolume of Garden and Forest, purporting to
represent P. aptera, there is somewhat to be said. As to the flowering branch, with
immature and not even full-grown foliage, one can but admire its faithfulness to the
specimens of the maritime original as in the herbaria; but the right-hand figure
represents, first of all, a strong phytologic improbability. In no species of Ptelea is
the foliage much more than half grown at flowering time; but here we have the
representation of a fruiting specimen with foliage exactly like that of the flowering
specimen, even as to size. This can not be true to nature. Again, no herbarium
specimens of P. aptera—I mean the original, from Punta Banda—had been collected
in mature foliage, or even with fruits attached to the branches, at the time that
figure was made. Therefore the drawing must be thought of as in a degree fictitious.
And a third reason for my thinking it a sad piece of patchwork is that no such fruits
as those figured were collected either by Parry or Orcutt, at least at the original sta-
tion of P. aptera. They differ from the originals greatly in size, being nearly three
times as large, and they are most different in respect to outline. No one having the
least command of botanical terminology could have described those figured as
‘*broadly ovate’’ or as ‘‘round-ovate.’’ Their form is subquadrate-oval; also their
margins are evidently obtuse, while in real P. aptera they are not only acute but
carinately so.

Of the artist’s skill and faithfulness to the materials set before him to be put
together, there is no question. The character of the tuberculation marking the
whole surface of the nut, and so completely unlike that of any genuine Ptelea, is well
brought out.

Now, since all the specimens on which this figure is based were collected either
by Dr. Parry or Mr. Orcutt, I think it probable that Mr. Orcutt alone collected the
fruits figured, and not at Punta Banda, but at some distance inland, namely at Santo
Tomas, and in the middle of the month of May, in 1886, or three years and nearly
three months later than the date of the gathering of the Punta Banda type. The
only sheet I have seen of the Santo Tomas shrub bears specimens in mature foliage,
but there is no fruit. On characters of the foliage alone, I have been obliged to
make these specimens the type of a new species. But I trust that time and invyesti-

~gation may verify my conjecture that fruits of the garden and forest plate are those
of my P. obscura.

Dr. Parry’s remark that the main difference between the fruit of P. aptera and
the other species of the genus lay in the absence of the wing, is one that came of a

78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

rather superficial examination, and, one would say, of no comparison whatever.
The total absence of those transverse rugosities and also of the small resiniferous dots
that mark the body of the more genuine species of the genus, are to my mind more
significant differences. Another distinction, and one which I note as more important
than the absence of a wing is, that, while the seed-bearing part of the typical Ptelea
samara is thin, so thin as to rise but a little above the wing on either face, the nut of
P. aptera is thick and strongly double-convex. Lastly, this nut is dehiscent. Set
upon edge and struck with a tack hammer, it splits into two valves as readily as an
almond, whereas the seed-bearing body of the samara of ordinary Ptelea can be torn
open but with difficulty, and at any other part with less difficulty than along the
edges where the sutures ought to be.

ad

INDEX TO THE SPECIES.

Page. Page.
oat) bce see DOr | OS LOCLR co teeth o Se ne dees dk was wee oe. 71
TS, ee i DSe| PNCO-MMe SICH Riad mce .a562 yo eco st ito eee 68
STERN ere aie an nis mhiatoio ty Sc wis dies moe OOM LOUIS ee ere eos Me Oe, oe ce te eS 70
CJUPTE 10] ie ee a BU UGE Benen ten eet. ep aS ee Be ee 71
PaO LIME tO. = ssc Ae aye ny Sie wit 2 a'ha, oe bias Doe | ITCMC tte eee eo ee ee 75
0 Se ee oe POISONED sect 6 a A els, Fame x on ig min’ one's 76
0 ae i ORNS en the xtnine en Dio a alte eae ap anne e 61
DESC Ss Die OV AITO Aiea Pe eee ES ee Te 73
Dulin (0h. 6p; spaaifoliae.<o-c2.ss.-0 2: Bek Se aS Sa ae 67
COLSU TELUS oe ee Le DRC Sas Mr. ce CR ee S 70
DT ECT ee ee foi (sO ERISV, UL Lee he Se errs ee Ae eh on 64
OSU U EDD 2 ei 2 io ey ee ee ee foe SDEISICLOU A ts. een ae ee os a eee are 67
PTPAIOMIC Be => Seccinlc De a cers dois seas cows Pag DOL ACCHIA Set = Seat... A eoser uae na wee 65
0 ee ee ae Gif prOmmin ma oss. eee Soe eee hShck ans 58
SOLID ID OAS 5 ee ee oe Bae PULA ete noo Se oe oS icine ee ae Geen eee 61
COLT OS 4a oe fee UO DIMOU han Sees geese. See eS en ae 59
oC) OE a ee EM Pc” pe ple a a SP 73
crenulata............---.-----+02--22-2-25-- PPI pT Te es, oe eens fo AE Gee 63
cuspidata....--------------+++++---22- 2-2 +e. Be renee. Se se set Bae eee 62
cycloloma ..-.........---.----.--------+---- TE Meio eee ee ae 65
elegans - ----------t----- + -W-- eee eens eee. 72 SUTIN. Creer en Soe ace rc reeiee,) ak Eee Me i 70
SOME 03.2) |, 22 ee ee 59 : ‘
Ne een oon oe co 64 subintegra SS Ce ee et eee 61
Ngee a Era 58 Gr eRe fe ee he a oe en 67
RU Mee es es 63 tortuosa ea 60
Meme et 69 | toxicodendron ...........---..--........-.- 66
Oe a eee Ny ES PSS il Ra ea eee Se ea te 71
Tutescens ..... ee ee Se 7a PAULL ed ra a Sean eon oo ete oe eee 62
megacarpa ....- Pe en Ss A ee SU ns Me GML DUC OSH et ae me aoe tee en ee ee 69
(ES OTC OT 5a ea ee a nr DSS WULOSU eee a. sale tone aoe ee ence es cee : 60
CO SE ere SP es RONEN aos ora mos sins eTm apne bm We antic 58

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CONTRIBUTIONS

wn ION
UNIlityv TIONAL MUSEUM

FROM THE

Curren Staves NATIONAL HERBARIOW.

VOLUME X, PART 3

STUDIES OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL
AMERICAN PLANTS—No. 5

.
:
:

By J. N. ROSE

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

Lxrrep SraTes Nationa HeRBARIey

VOLUME X. PART 3

pee OES OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL
AMERICAN PLANTS—No. 5

By J. N. ROSE
LIBRAK*
NEW YORK
BOTANICAI
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PREFACE.

One of the most effective methods of adding to the collections in
the National Herbarium is for members of the scientific staff to visit
localities little known botanically and themselves make the collections
desired. A special advantage of such fieldwork lies in the opportuni-
ties it furnishes for making observations on the native uses of plants,
on climatic and topographic influences in plant distribution, and on
the innumerable other phenomena that distinguish living from dead
plants, and especially living plants growing in their natural environ-
ment. The botanical reports resulting from such fieldwork are far
more critical and more valuable than those based on herbarium speci-
mens alone.

Doctor Rose has made five journeys to Mexico, each of which has
resulted in the acquisition of a valuable collection for the National
_ Herbarium and ina published report. Each of these reports, like the
accompanying one, covers only fragmentary portions of his whole
work. All, however, are devoted to the elucidation of the same general
subject, the flora of central Mexico, and together they form a highly
valuable series of contributions to our botanical knowledge of that
region.

d
,

:

FREDERICK V. COVILLE,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.

III

COR LENTS:

Page.

ie ere ee et SO a wcls ieee een adds awe assesses 79
ee 8 oh ee Pe i oA as ote wh nae Ss od 87
RESTS SS SR i ee 87
Ee eas) Moe ee ee ao ee Sv nee eee ted 87
aE eres oe ees ce ee Fo AOE eed nce es 3 89
Sh gre pleas Se EE ete A) a ee 90

nn eiiaee Sete. ei a pr Fie fb Usa clash oe 5.5 chee = 91
EE RCE ees fo eee ie oe Ph cot onl ek ect ae 93
I ee 2 aa i Pees Bae oe aaa 93
eens ML eDTe Sees oe I lt - 93
RE ae Pen ewe ee 95
Mente retest OG Cetin... 325 le oe ee So eee eee nS - 95
as RES SI ag I a ae me a 95
el A ae eee a Soe gS oS ee Seo 2 Se Seen A 95
SED OSS ag 0 2 eS a ee 96
Re ee ee ale Ps hs Se oS eee os eos = 96
EEE ORIN Cae eS i ok ew Se a whee 96
a SE eS SSS a 97
er MERION 60. Se 52 te ees kt ces woes ee ee nee 97
cE i ea ES ee DO ae en 97
Hoffmanseggia, a new species and a new name ...-.-.......-..--.------- 98
II eee ale a ee 2 ee ee ola oe ee ee kee 99
The Mexican and Central American species of Benthamantha-...-.-.---- 99
Two additional species of Cologania.....:..........--...-------------- 100
emer MpecIes Or MOUCHOMUS, >. .22- 2 cate 2. ee ee le 100
Restoration of Odonia, with its Mexican species............------------ 102
The sessile-flowered species of Parosela in Mexico..............-------- 103
Sphinctospermum, a new genus .............-- Ne ei ee a ca 107
Ee re 2D Se Oe ee ae eee 107
The North American species of Krameria ................-------------- 107
EN Seek Fe 7 See a Se ee 108
ee ere Pa PII od ee Dy won nee 108
a oe oa S Sk ccna y ee o+-se----- 109
TE SE Se ee ee ee LO9
Some Mexican species of Ionoxalis ................-.-......---..------ 109
Mexican and Central American species of Lotoxalis...............-.---- 115
OES ge Ss Tl a ee 116
SS OE ER oe ee ee ee 116
I as er eS CS aes ann ww a on wae oe ow gen own enseee 117
fe EE ST ee a 117
SS a a ee ee 117
Restoration of Terebinthus, with its Mexican species.............2....-- 117

VI : CONTENTS.

Polygalacene . . 0. 2.026005. = soc es die prem Sipe were e oar sn
Three new species of Polygala... ..2. 30. cs Jyseu ss <scucn seen
Malvaceae - «. 26.5265 - nade pvatcnscin set Shc bs0e eye eae Weelee ann
Abutilon, a new species and a new name. ...............-.-=.-ssseneeen
Two new species of Wissadula....... 2. .ss0..¢055 0s eee ue noe ie
. Hy pericaceae . . . 2.6. oe se wssies cn cwin lot be-s a eed nee cup hin se ee 124
Four new St. Johnsworts © 4.0.5. 2s c-0'5 85,75 + hte ee ee Sad pr we 124
Violacene . . 02. 24-2 e Nie de once deem oo \cintes es hn sje ole ies ele 125
A new Calceolaria.... 2. 2.25. foe eee Je on 6 ne nb de oo 15° 4
Oactacene ... a. s ee. sec ce ssc cen See oe a ee al ae ole Soe 12: 9
| Escontria, a new genus ........-..-.- mea .
| New species of Opuntia and Echinocactus..............--.--.- > aia 126- |
| APIACeRe @ . onic 2 = a a Ss oe ee anes oun eee ed See see ee 197:
} Introductory note ...2....2.0-2s0---- scence sce<eeu- «= sen Seen >)
Arracacia, new and old species -.....22.-..+.-..-)~s2.-.cee ee 2 Pee
Deanea, new and old species ...........-..../.J50: 4.4.) 128
. Eryngium, new and old species’... 12... 0 i Aca nee wit Sane 129
Prionosciadium, new and old species -....-2.....-.-:..:-.0s00e=en 130
Species of several genera... .-:-- =... --- -0-- +2 Se s+ o-oo =.
Addendum ~.. ~ -..:0. 2-2 0 cee ede ae BRE LL Late caleba ee 131

A new lonoxalis .. 22. 2-lecisci cde Sees oc See ee carey te cee 131

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.
Facing page.
Puate XVI. Echinocactus robustus and Mamillaria angularis.......--------- 83
XVII. Opuntia tunicata and Echinocactus ingens...-.-..-------.----- 83
nr Ween TUUICENS 28 2 ee Soe he et ees b een ces 83
en Ma ORT ee os 8 ee we ete oo ee 83
nneey MEU S 25a oe) a eS ko is ot oe ee exe 83
EL SE BI eee 8 i ee ey ee Se 84
CAE eS a Sh CY; Sa ee a 85
Ree rQenraird OLWIMUS. oo oe ee ae oe Be eee eo 88
nen Pe AUIS CRPSIIIOSUS 22 oo Sale oo dew tee need den seen 90
ee Mens EResptOsUs — oo sk ee elie ote ens s eee 90
RE OMe Oct eee Se eS ok ew ke J Se siete 95
ee lhe Abrheinaia MrOcumMDERS 22... 225. 22 es Se oe eo wee ee ae 96
eae. F ineemioniian FeVOIUtUM 28 2 ss 22h ee ceeds 2 bebe eee 96
Pee SM CMINEOUS (TIO. 2 ot or Sci oe So eek een 98
ene CeMOMICIAN® INOIRUG Lo. Ss oe ocean es inden be = se == 99
0 PSUS CIV SS 12) ae a ee ae LOO
SE OTE ES Se ae ee 102
EL POA MUIRIOTO: 222 3 Fo ck ee 8 o's ee ea eee 103
Peet GPNANGOSPETMUNE CONSTICUUM -.2 2. 2 2a 2 oes -- ee ee --- 107
XXXV. Jonoxalis confusa, I. furcata, and J. jaliscana.......---------- 110
ETT OP 1050 2 Se So we as a oe hoe cee eo ote ee 118
Sats CRU COMICON — 5 5 oo st woe oS i ease 122
SeenenEE Rice? O1UGMIC TIEISORTo. <2 oe 2 - oo 3 Se ee eee 122
Oe SY SEE OT Sh i ee 123
rn TIO AURUNOGCNEE. >. 2 2 = oo Swi we = eee eee enn 123
Oy ES OT oye eae ee a 124
CONT es OEE) 125
XLII. Escontria chiotilla and Cephalocereus macrocephalus........---- 126
TEXT FIGURES. Page.
as ECAC NEED CULES |< is 2 sk ew eee ee ee eee eee 88
Ns AMES te ee ge dooce 2 ~ o e w ecewee ne eoe- ose 88
ORM ENIME CAMENPUANGUIOIUM «oc. eo oo oe ok ee se ee eee eee eee eee 89
a eRe MRR SE Rs aan wba kaw n aw soe dod ewes danas - 90
CO I ae 91
ee ee, ey ee ee 91

STUDIES OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN
PLANTS—NO: 5.°

By J. N. Rose.

INTRODUCTORY NOTES.

The following studies consist largely of descriptions of new species
from the rich gleanings of Dr. C. G. Pringle and Dr. E. Palmer, and
of various Government collectors. Of the latter, Messrs. E. W. Nelson
and KE. A. Goldman continue year after year to send in large accessions.
Very large amounts of material have also been obtained by myself and
assistants, aggregating now more than 10,000 numbers.

On May 15, 1905, I was authorized by the Assistant Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution to proceed to Mexico for the purpose of
making botanical explorations, this being my fifth commission of the
kind. Mr. Jos. H. Painter, also of the National Museum, was for
the second time sent with me, and his previous experience, together
with his enthusiasm for botanical exploration, added greatly to the
success of the expedition. My son, Joseph S. Rose, accompanied us
as a private assistant. The City of Mexico was made our principal
base, and thither we returned repeatedly during the season. We
made short trips thence to Tlalpam, San Angel, Santa Fe, Guadalupe,
Tlalnepantla, and the Hacienda de la Encarnaci6n, all in the Valley
of Mexico; also longer trips to Cuernavaca and Yautepec in Morelos,
to Tula, Pachuca, Somoriel, and Tulancingo in Hidalgo, and to Iguala
in Guerrero. With Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, as a base, work was done on
the neighboring mountains and plains, and a side trip was taken to the
Sierra de la Mesa, some 20 miles to the east. With San Juan del Rio
as a base, a trip was made through the cactus deserts of Querétaro.
With Tehuacan, Puebla, as a base, a considerable amount of work was
done on the plains and mountains about that town, whence, also, side
trips were made to Tomellin and San Sebastian.

@Continued from Vol. VIII, p. 339, of the Contributions.

80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The following table will show in detail the places visited, the date
of each visit, and the number of miles traveled in course of this trip:

Itinerary.

1905, Miles,
June 30. City of Mexico to Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, and return...........- 15
July 1. City of Mexico to Guadelupe, Distrito Federal, and return ......... 10

3. City of Mexico to Tula, Hidalgo, by rail -..<.._.... 2.2 slee eee 50
3-4. Tula to local stations both east and west ..... , ane = 2 a oes ae a 10
4. Tula to City of Mexico, by rail ........2:..... 22... i 50
6. City of Mexico to Tlalnepantla, Distrito Federal, and return, by
PRLS 3 saeco Fe eee enens pameaa sande eds boas een 15
7-8. City of Mexico to Hacienda de la Encarnacién, Mexico and return,
by rail. 22.2.2 ..8 sun cee le seg cass des ok Re Oe ee 45 |
%. City of Mexico to Sierra Guadelupe and return, by trolley .........- 20 |
9. City of Mexico to Yautepec, Morelos, by rail ...........l.cJoggees 98
11-12. Yautepec to pedregal ....--......22. 2.0. .dede2 a2. 5 oe 12 |
3. Yautepec to City of Mexico, by rail ....25..... 3. oe 98 .
15. Mexico to Santa Fe, Distrito Federal, and return, by trolley......-- 20
18. City of Mexico to Pachuca, Hidalgo, by rail ....--..........-...-- 61
19. Pachuca to Real del Monte and return: ...-...!-...... 2 eee 10
20. Pachuca to mountains northwest of the town and return.........-- 5
21. Pachuca to Hacienda Palmar and return -...............-:cseeeeus 10
22. Pachuca to Tulancingo, Hidalgo, and return, by rail..-..........-- 102
- 24. Pachuca to Sierra de Pachuca and return .......:.....J22s2geaeeee 10
25. Pachuca.to Tetepango, Hidalgo, by rail...........2.A 2: ogee 30
25. Tetepango to Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, by stage....-................- 42
26. Ixmiquilpan to chalk plain west of town--.........-..-....5.37.0058 10
27. Ixmiquilpan to mountains on Zimapan road..............-.--..-.- 10
28. Ixmiquilpan to-mountains south of town.-......-.---------------- 6
29. Ixmiquilpan to mountains south of town. .......-...-..--citeenees 12
30. Ixmiquilpan to plain south of town. ...-....-...:.{0s. ssc = 2
31. Ixmiquilpan to Sierra de la Mesa, Hidalgo.-......-.-------j.2 2228 25
Aug. 1. Sierra de la Mesa to barranca and return..........1...20l0o3aeeuee 6
1. Sierra de la Mesa to Ixmiquilpan: ....-...........2 2322p eee 25
2. Along Ixmiquilpan River .37... 45.2.2 s5ceheee oe eee 2
3. Ixmiquilpan to limestone mountain south of town....-- - imp 5
4. Ixmiquilpan to Tetepango, by stage -.......2-..-. -.. 2. yee 42
4. Tetepango to Pachuea, by rail ...--.22:-2.1...1.. 2. 7. 30
5. Pachuca to Somoriel, by rail -..:-2.i..22....... 22... ace 29°
5. Somoriel to Las Lajas +... . 2 suede wed ee eee oe ve 6
5. Las Lajas to Pachuca, by rail 2.22:.. 2-024. 4, ce. ce a 35
6. Pachuca to City of Mexico, by rail. /....-.-.2...-22. a 61
9. City of Mexico to Iguala, Guerrero, by rail ......---...--..-.-..-- 147
10. Iguala to local stations, both east and west......-......-----.-sbe- 10_
11. Iguala to Los Amates and return oo: os: J... ss... oa 18
12. Iguala to mountains west of town and return....:.......-.-----<.- 10
13. Iguala to City of Mexico, by rail... ...2..1..ic--<co¢eeen oa ee 147
14. City of Mexico to Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, and return, by trolley... 15
15. City of Mexico to San Angel and return, by trolley......-.-------- 10
17. City of Mexico to San Juan del Rio, Querétaro, by rail ....-...--.-- 119
17. San Juan del Rio to red hill west of town ...-..-.-....-....--scees 4

18. San Juan del Rio to local stations, both east and west ......-...--- 10 |

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 8 |

el
1905. Miles,
Aug. 19. San Juan del Rio to Hacienda de Ciervo...................-..---- 24
eed mineror Macenda de Cienvo. .....2.0%. 225... lss0--2--2-----ee 10
mee rrecenan G6 Creryo to Cadereyta.. .. 22. a cen oc eee ne cee ee eee wee i)
IN PT NE ees waa 5 og ac dn o Ue sew og wee os dae soe 15
SE a SRE CaN) a a ee an ae ee ae oe oe 12
SSO RSE Ma oe 8 0) es ee a 18
Dern wantin to Lageienda G6 Oleryo...2..-.--.--022e-22e0 5. sewe eee 30
oa iaecmencd de Cieryo to San Juan.del Rio ....../.222..2-25.2-6-6--- 24
men wisi cel bio to Mexico City, by rail .......22..-..25.-.--25-% 119
mr aoity OL Mexico to Tehuacin, Puebla, by rail ..............+..-.--- 208
Ree eee 00 fol! BACCO 2. 2 Le enn we nln ee eee woe eee eese 2
Piet tO MMeStONe MISO. oo. se. Scab ac ss oa - ere eee ne score suns 5
re aero IU Gash Or Penuacan. . 2 o... 22222 eat se ee eee 10
mee 26) ieee to limestone hillside.......:..-...-.-----.+---2-.--.---- 5
mena aeeor Loimestone NINISICe..25.. 52222. +2 sees. ese alee ese 5
a baeeo to limestone hiliside.- 2... 2-22... 2s2+--8- tse. -22- 10
Pa ero LO. Lomein, Oaxaca, Dy Fall -..62.-02.-.0--~---ssecse cess 83
a Lomein to Canyon and.river fais -.....-..-...-.-.-----.----5--s- 1
ee pen ful beter. oy Pater oe oS ek see ee ee 83
Bie ero 10 red balls east of Lehuacun ...-.-.--.2.-------2--65.6- 10
¢. El Riego to San Sebastian and return, by rail.................-..- 48
See Pence qa). MMOMMUIIAN WEE. 2 Soe eae. sel Soe eee ee eet 2 et 3
ap tere Gea ny Calls 22 2 4 2 ake leet tebe ee 79
meen to City OL Mesico, Dy fall... -2 .2-- 2.55. ..2-2--25 ce oo ee 129
12-18. City of Mexico to Cuernavaca, Morelos, and return, by rail .......- 148

The herbarium material collected consists of more than 2,000 num-
bers (8222-10251), a full set of which has been mounted for the National
Herbarium. <A part of this is reported upon in this paper. Besides
the herbarium material some 865 numbers of bulbs, roots, and succu-
lents, the latter consisting chiefly of cacti, were sent to Washington.
Many of these are new in cultivation and not a few are undescribed.
Not many of the cacti have yet flowered and hence a full list of these
introductions can not be given. Most of the plants listed below were
collected by me either on my last or on my previous trips to Mexico.

Mexican plants recently introduced by J. N. Rose.—No. 4.

Catalogue

Name. aGimaber: Remarks.
CACTACEAR.
Cereus hollianus Weber ...........-.- O05. 1305
Echinocactus flavovirens Scheidw . .. - - 05. 1289
Ychinocactus ornatus DC .........-.- 05. 1244

Echinocactus robustus Link & Otto... 05. 1283

Echinocereus tuberosus Rumph. .-.. -- | 05. 1001 Flowered in 1906.
Mamillaria carnea Zucc..........--- | 05. 1139

Mamillaria elegans DC...-...------- 05. 1280 |

Mamillaria elongata DC........-.--- | 05. 1137 |

Mamillaria erecta Lem..... .....--- 05. 1140 |

82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Mexican plants recently introduced by J. N. Rose—No. 4—Continued.

Name. | ees Remarks.
CACTACEAE—continued.

Mamillaria longimamma DC .......- 05. 1144

Mamillaria mutabilis Scheidw -.--.-- | 05.1278 |

Mamillaria uncinata Zuce ....- .----- 05. 1221

Opuntia brandegei Schum... - - . Seat 06.47 Collected by Mr. E. A. Goldman
in Lower California.

Opuntia pilifera Weber ......------- 05. 1284 ;

CRASSULACEAE.

Cremnophylla nutans Rose .....----- 838 Flowered in April, 1906.

Echeveria byrnesi Rose .......------) 918

Echeveria campanulata Rose. ..-..--- : ty Ria Seen e _ January, 1905.

Echeveria goldmani Rose.......-.--- | . 11005 |

Echeveria pinetorum Rose ......----- 11013

Echeveria rubromarginata Rose... -. 930 Sent by Doctor Purpus and Mr

. | | Meyers.

Echeveria scopulorum Rose... ...---- 652 | J anuary, 1906.

Echeveria sessiliflora Rose. ......---- 11012

Echeveria simulans Rose ......--.--- 767 Sent by Doctor Pringle.

Echeveria tolucensis Rose....-.------ 957 |

Echeveria turgida Rose........-..... 962 March, 1906.

Ficheverta 8p. DOV... 22. eek S$ 22a a 05.242 Sent by Mr. Maxon from Guate
mala. Py

Echeveria sp. O09 2 2=..20. snus nts 05.319 Sent by Mr. Maxon trom Guate-
mala. 0

Echeverea' tp. nov... i553. 2uk sk ee 05. 1164 — tJ

New genus near Echeveria -..-..---- 05. 1237

Sedum 8p. BOW. 45 eed aes 752. In March, 1906.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Beaucarnea BDL DOW sca) wean 05. 1269 |

Cotbantis Geno ROV 5.02. Fe cek See os 05, 894

Oralis ap... che. Wass hi cy cweee 752 |

Dasyhrion 862... tee ee 04. 1288 |

Paayliviond aps = * 9./.5.4 st. saat 05. 1159 |

Dusylirion ap i655 ee 05. 1035

DasyRrton SD a. 2 ss a AR ees 05. 1159

My chief interest being at present in the Cactaceae, these were made
the first object of our quest, as a result of which about 150 specimens
have been added to the herbarium, while perhaps 200 living specimens
were sent to Washington. The most interesting cactus region visited
was Ixmiquilpan, where, with the veteran botanical collector, Dr. C. A.

&

PLATE XVI.

‘OLLO ®P MNIT SINVINONY VIEVTIIWYW—'9

PLATE XVII.

‘OONZ SNSONI SNLOVOONIHOQZ—'G

VILNNdO—'YW

PLATE XVIII.

"YSS3SM Sd30IAINA SNIYIOO Td

. PLATE XIX,

Ww < - : “ . tl>e
Ss 7 —- - . < ‘\ Y

——— cate iadiierenliaeme . ‘ ey ——
—~ re . , : Se se! aah

; --*

Ta ~~ oye a ae
tt 4s

.. 2

CEREUS HOLLIANUS COULTER.

ae — abs coma a

nae >,

CEREUS STELLATUS PFEIFFER.

PLATE XX,

* ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 83

Purpus, as a guide, about twenty species were studied. Here on the
dry white chalky plain are found many striking forms. One of the
most interesting of these is Mamillaria angularis Link & Otto, form-
ing great clumps consisting of many individuals (Pl. XVI). Here is
also found a giant Echinocactus (/. ¢ngens 7), the flesh of which is
much employed in making a highly prized confection. The plant
grows to be sometimes as much as 2.4 meters tall with a diameter of 90
to 120 em. The body is cut into sections resembling American cheeses
about 60 cm. in diameter and 15 to 20 cm. thick, and these are sent to the
candy factory where they are boiled with sugar and made into a candy
or ‘*dulee” somewhat resembling preserved citron (Pl. XVII). In
the same region Opuntia imbricata, O, tunicata ‘eal XVII), (/, hleinae.
and other Opuntias were abundant, and here we found a natural hybrid
between Opuntia microdasys and another Opuntia which has not been
specifically identified. Both species were growing near the hybrid.
While 0. microdasys is a low, pubescent, spineless species, the other
parent is tall, glabrous, and spiny, and the hybrid is somewhat inter-
mediate in size and without pubescence or spines. So far as my
observation goes natural hybrids are not common among the Cacta-
’ ceae.

Another very interesting cactus desert which we visited is situated
around Tehuacin. It is remarkable especially for the great display of
tree species belonging to Cereus, Pilocereus, Cephalocereus, and
‘Opuntia. The cactus species of all genera seen here numbered 22.

Two species of Echinocactus (7. flavescens, LE. rohustus (Pl. XV1))
form great clumps, very much larger than any I had ever seen before.
In the case of £2. robustus it was not uncommon to see masses | to 1.3
meters high and 3 meters in diameter, and in one example nearly 5
meters in diameter. These masses must have contained hundreds, if
not thousands, of individuals. A photograph of £. robustus is here
reproduced.

On the hills east of the town are great forests of the huge Cephalo-
cereus macrocephalus (Pl. XLII, facing p. 126), which in many respects
resembles the much better known Cephalocereus senilis. Unlike the
latter, however, it develops a very woody trunk. Another striking
species is Pilocereus fulviceps (Pl. XVID), which has a short, stout,
woody trunk and hundreds of nearly erect branches reaching a height
of 12 to 15 meters. These branches set very close together and form
a cylindrical mass, not infrequently 5 meters in diameter.

Pilocereus chrysomallus, which grows to the height of 2 to 3 meters,
isa common plant, while Cereus hollianus (Pl. XIX) is socommon as to
be used as a hedge plant. Its fruit is as large asa gooseegg. Another
Cereus near C. sfe//atus (Pl. XX) is very common and furnishes fruit
for the market. Lscontria chiotilla (P|. XLIM, facing p. 126) ¢ is still

4 See p. 126.

84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. —

another of the tree cacti here found. This species produces small
yellow flowers and a fruit clothed with thin papery scales. The fruit
is a common article in the markets, sold under the names of chiotilla,
** veotilla,” tuna, ete. Here, and farther south, near Tomellin Cation,
is perhaps the real giant of the cactus family. <A single tree often
produces hundreds of nearly erect branches, and the quantity of mate-
rial wrapped up must amount to many tons. Unfortunately I failed to
tind it either in flower or in fruit, but its habit, spines, ete., would
indicate that it is a near relative of Cereus pecten-aboriginum (Pl. XX1),
which I have found as far inland as Cuernavaca. This plant, doubtless,
like many other cacti, has two or more names already.“ Hardly less
interesting was the little 2/ecyphora pusilla, which had recently been
discovered also by Doctor Purpus near Tehuacin. For nearly a week
we explored hill after hill and not until we were completely discour-
aged did we find this little plant on the top of a hill almost hidden in
the gray pebbles and sand.

A third cactus region explored was in the desert of Querétaro. Fit-
ting out at San Juan del Rio we traveled northeast to Cadereyta and
then east toward Zimapan as far as Higuerillas, thence north nearly
to Toloman, returning by the way of Cadereyta to San Juan del Rio.
On this trip 36 species were examined, of which 9 were Opuntias and
15 were Mamillarias. The so-called J/amillaria clava was especially
abundant, often forming clumps of 50 or more plants each 2 feet high.
Each plant would have 10 to 12 large yellow flowers open at one time, ~
the whole clump thus making a most gorgeous display. Many fine
specimens of “ehinocactus ornutus were seen, but unfortunately only
a single living specimen reached Washington. In the same desert
were found “Lchinocactus grusonii, L. turbiniformis, and Lf. ingens.

Perhaps the most interesting rediscovery made was that of the
Fouquieria spinosa of Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, or, as it is now
called, /° fasciculata. Nearly ten years ago, while making some pre-
liminary studies on the genus Fouquieria, 1 looked up Humboldt’s
original station and found it to be in the State of Hidalgo. Since then
every proposed itinerary of mine in Mexico has included a trip to this
type locality, but as the station is far from railroad connections the
trip has repeatedly been given up. I had looked in vain for the plant
in the dry parts of Hidalgo. Inquiry was made of botanical collectors
in Mexico, but without success. ‘The species has therefore remained
a prominent desideratum.

It will be recalled that as long ago as 1844 Mr. Bentham referred a
plant from southern Lower California to /” sp/nosa and yarious speci-
mens since collected in Lower California and western Mexico have
accordingly thus been labeled. To those at all familiar with the floral

a Later determined as C. weberi.

“YSLINOD IY3S83IM SNAYED

‘YSLINOD 1Y3dSaM SN3Y3O

PLA

TE XXI.,

t4

PLATE XXIl.

Nat. He

-

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. ald)

regions of Mexico such a distribution of the species seems most unnat-
ural. This western material has been segregated by Mr. Nash under
the hame of F. peninsularis and E. macdougalit. While planning for
the trip to Ixmiquilpan I learned from Dr. C. A. Purpus that there
was a Fouquieria along the stage road from Tetepango to Ixmiquilpan.
As this road runs near Actopan I felt convinced that this was the plant
for which I had so lone been looking. During the stage ride of 40

very fine one. A photograph of it is here shown (Pl. XXII). Some
hills with the oldman cactus, P//ocereus senilis, and with Dasylirion

g

g@ the poor natives it is
The stems are placed close together forming a compact paling, well
hedge. It is not uncommon to see the naked stems giving off bright
which there is an abundance, shows that the species instead of being
it is very close to ouqguierta campanulata.
very curious plant. It was long ago (1859) figured in the Botanical
to Washington by Mr. C. R. Orcutt from San Luis Potosi. This speci-
corky bark like that of an oak and of a loose cellular structure within.
specimens were received from him, but these have remained perfectly
a day was spent with him in hunting for it in its habitat on the tops of

miles only a single specimen was observed, but this fortunately was a
days afterwards while making an excursion some 20 miles east of
Ixmiquilpan we found this species in great abundance growing on the

—quadrangulatum. And again while making our trip through the des-
ert of Querétaro we found the plant growing profusely on the dry
hills and on the walls of the canyons. Among
known as chiguima. They use the stems for the sides of their rude
huts and to form first a fence and then a hedge about their yards.
defended by the sharp recurved spines which are revealed after the
leaves fall off. The stems easily root and then form a permanent
red clusters of flowers from their upper axils. The photograph gives
a good idea of the habit of the plant. The material collected, of
the most remote is perhaps the nearest relative of /ouguieria formosa.
The material, although not yet critically studied, also indicates that

At Ixmiquilpan we collected material of the so-called Dasylirion
hookeri, which has led to the ascertainment of the real identity of this
Magazine and wrongly referred to Dasylirion hartwegi. Then it
seems to have been lost sight of until 1904, when a specimen was sent
men being without flowers, fruit, or foliage, its relationship could only
be guessed at. In habit it resembled a great puffball with a thick
Later in the year the Department of Agriculture commissioned Dr. E.
Palmer to collect the plant near San Luis Potosi. Some 10 or 12 fine
dormant up to the present. Having learned from Doctor Purpus that
he had seena similar plant near Ixmiquilpan, when I visited that place,
mountains. Specimens are not at all common and so much do they
resemble moss-covered bowlders or old stumps that one may easily

OOD ISS TSTIFS FF ao ao

SO CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

overlook them. Flowers were collected, and later Doctor Purpus
sent me fruit. These show clearly that this plant is distinct from both
Dasylirion and Nolina, though much nearer the latter.

About Tehuacin two remarkable species of Beaucarnea were discoy-
ered, both of which seem to be undescribed. One of them has a most
singular trunk, at first nearly globular but afterwards sending up a
slender stem which becomes more or less branched. The swollen base
takesona multitude of shapes, but is always very large ascompared with
the rest of the plant. One such measured at 0.6 meters above the base,
6.3 meters in circumference, and at 1.8 meters above the base contracted
abruptly into the slender stem proper. The basal expansion is made
up of very loose cellular tissue which when dead and dry is almost as
light as cork. This club-footed base suggests the specific name used
elsewhere in this paper for this species. The aspect of the plant is
shown in Pl. XXIII, facing page 88.

Dasylirion quadrangulatum S. Wats., while perhaps not uncommon
in cultivation, is not often met with even in our larger herbaria. This
species was found to be very common in eastern Hidalgo and the drier
parts of Querétaro. It forms a very distinct trunk 120 to 150 em.
long below the crown of leaves and sends up a flowering stem 3.6 to
4.5 meters long. The leaves are very unlike those of all the other
species, being very thick and narrow and not prominently saw-toothed.
They are often 3 meters long. Insome parts of Querétaro the natives
use them as a thatch for their houses. They call the plant junquillo.

Material of the small parasite Pilostyles (or Apodanthes) of the
Ratlesiaceae was callected at five localities, two near Ixmiquilpan, one
in the desert of Querétaro, and two near Tehuacin. Whether more
than one species was obtained I have not yet determinec, but there
were two or three hosts, each being some species of Parosela.

According to Doctor Robinson Pilostyles has been reported only
three times from North America, once by Geo. Thurber and twice by
Dr. C. G. Pringle. Material was collected, however, by Mr. Fred-
erick V. Coville in Texas in 1904 and by Dr. E. Palmer in San Luis
Potosi in 1905. This genus, in North America at least, is always
parasitic on some genus ‘of Viciaceae, generally on Parosela. The
plants are minute, reduced simply to flower parts, which may account
for the fact that the species have been so very rarely collected.
Unless one has seen specimens or is looking particularly for them he
will readily pass them by as secretions or insect work.

All new species here described are based upon specimens in the
United States National Herbarium and when two or more collectors
are cited the type specimen is definitely stated.

The line drawings are the work of Miss Juliet C. Patten, except
that plate 25 was made by the late Frederick A. Walpole and plate 40
by Homer D, House,

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 87
LILIACEAE.
ye DASYLIRION AND ITS ALLIES.

After passing in review the specimens and descriptions of Dasylirion
and Nolina I have become convinced that certain species should be
excluded from both and brought together into a third genus. Some
of these species have long been known as Beaucarnea and are an
attractive sight in every large conservatory.

The discovery of female flowers and mature fruits of the so-called
Dasylirion hookert furnishes data which justify its segregation also.

The following key will point out the essential differences in these
genera:

Ovary 1-celled; fruit strongly 3-winged.
Stems strongly bulbose at base; leaves never saw-toothed; in-

umeenece 2 broad open panicle .. 2.2202 ..-.0.-..-----..----- 3PAUCARNEA.
Stems never bulbose at base; leaves saw-toothed (except in one
species); inflorescence an elongated spike-like panicle.......-- DASYLIRION.

Ovary 3-celled; fruit not at all winged.
Fruit not 3-lobed, its walls very thick and woody, not dropping

away, trunk aswollen:globular body...................--.-- CALIBANUS.
Fruit strongly 3-lobed, its wall very thin, soon dropping away;
mums present meyer swollen ........:..2--....-.-...--.-.2-- NOLINA.

BEAUCARNEA.“®

The genus Beaucarnea was described by Lemaire in 1861 with ZB.
recurvata as the type. Two other species (2. striata and L. gracilis)
were also described by him. Im 1872 and also in 1881 J. G. Baker
monographed the genus, combining with it the much older genus
Nolina. He describes twelve species and several varieties. In 1875
S. Watson monographed the United States species of Nolina, stating
that the Mexican species of Beaucarnea described by Mr. Baker should
doubtless be referred to Nolina. Three years after Mr. Baker's last
paper Mr. Hemsley again takes up the name Nolina, and so the two
names have been alternating, first one and then the other receiving the
sanction of botanists. In America the name Nolina, being much the
older, has generally been accepted by botanists, while gardeners
throughout the world have, asa rule, clung to Beaucarnea.

After a careful study of the species along with those of Dasylirion
it seems clear that both genera should be retained. For at least two
accepted species of Dasylirion with several referred to Beaucarnea
and Nolina form a very natural genus abundantly distinct from both
Nolina and Dasylirion. The genus Beaucarnea has the inflorescence
and foliage similar to those of Nolina while the fruit is much like
that of Dasylirion; hence heretofore those species of Beaucarnea

@ BEAUCARNEA Lemaire, Illust. Hortic. 8: Mise. 57. pl. 303. 1861. Type species B
recurvata.
4153—voL x, pr 3—06

2

88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

known only from foliage or flowering specimens have been referred
to Nolina while those collected in fruit have been described as Dasy-
lirion. Beaucarnea rarely flowers in cultivation and, being dioecious
or nearly so, its fruit has rarely if ever been obtained.

Monographers therefore have associated Beaucarnea and Nolina
together because of the similarity of their leaves.

Beaucarnea guatemalensis Rose, sp. nov. Ficure 1.

Tree, 6 to 12 meters high with a thickened bulbous base abruptly contracted into
a slender stem 5 to 8 em. in diameter; swollen base covered with a thick corky bark
6 cm. thick; upper part of stem smooth and with very thin bark; leaves numer-
ous, clustered at the top as in the
common cultivated Beaucarneas,
erect (?), broad at base (4 to 5 em.
broad), 10 to 15 mm. broad im-
mediately above the base, 25 mm.
broad 20 cm. from base, gradually
tapering upward into a Jong fili-
form tip 60 to 80 cm. long, the
margin entire; male inflorescence
an open panicle, 75 to 110 cm.
long; female inflorescence not
seen; fruit 15 mm. long, strongly
3-winged; wings thin, 4 to 5mm.
broad.

Type specimen U. 8. National
Herbarium no. 474781, collected by W. A. Kellerman in a rocky ravine on the south
side of the Sierra de las: Minas, opposite El Rancho, Guatemala, altitude about 600
meters, on March 10, 1905 (no. 4820).

This species belongs with B. inermis and B. pliabilis, but the fruit is broader-winged
than in the former and the leaves are broader than in the latter.

Fic. 1.—Fruit of Beaucarnea guatemalensis. a, Side view;
b, cross section showing seed; ¢, cross section showing
undeveloped ovules at base. <All seale 2.

Beaucarnea inermis (8. Wats.) Rose. FIGuRE 2.

Dasylirion inermis 8. Wats. Proc. Am.
Acad. 26: 157. 1891.

This remarkable tree, although com-
mon in its native haunts, has until very
recently only been known from the
specimens obtained by Dr. C. G.
Pringle near Las Palmas in the low
lands of San Luis Potosf. Dr. E.
Palmer collected it in 1905 in this
same general region. The writer observed it in 1899, but obtained no specimens.

Fic. 2.—Fruit of Beaucarnea inermis. a, Side view;
b, cross section showing seed; ¢, cross section show-
ing undeveloped ovules at base. All seale 2.

Beaucarnea oedipus Rose, sp. noy. PLate XXIII.

Trees 6 to 12 meters or more high; the base variously and enormously enlarged,
at first a globular body crowned by a clump of leaves but in very old plants more or
less dome-shaped and 1 to 2 meters high by 2 to 7 metersin circumference; the trunk
above the base comparatively slender, often much branched, each branch crowned
by a cluster of slender leaves; leaves erect, linear, 25 to 40 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm.
broad above the base; inflorescence paniculate; fruit 3-winged.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453660, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter on hills near Tehuacin, Puebla, August and September, 1905 (no. 10157). Also
collected from the same station by Dr. Wm. Trelease, August, 1903, and by Dr, C. R.
Purpus, 1905,

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X PLATE XXIII.

‘3SOY SNdIGaO VaNYVvONV3ag

“ASOY SNdIGSO VANYVONVAG

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. sv

Beaucarnea pliabilis ( Baker) Rose.

Dasylirion pliabile Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 240. 1881.

B. pliabilis has heretofore only been known from Schott’s specimen collected many
years ago at Sisal, Yucatan. In 1902 Mr. EK. A. Goldman collected leaves and took
photographs of this species at Progreso not far from Sisal. These indicate a species
closely related to B. guatemalensis, but the leaves are shorter and perfectly smooth
and evidently belong to a quite distinct plant.

Collected by FE. A. Goldman at Progreso, Yucatan, February 24 to March 4, 1901
(no. 607, photograph no. 2211).

Beaucarnea purpusi Rose, sp. noy.

Tree 6 to 8 meters high, somewhat swollen at base, a little branched, the trunk
almost completely clothed by the reflexed and closely appressed old leaves; leaves
at first erect, then spreading, and at last reflexed, long-persisting, very pale, 50 to
60 em. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad, the margin pale and entire.

Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 455659, collected by J. N. Rose and
Jos. H. Painter near Tehuacin, Puebla, in 1905 (no. 10156).

Beaucarnea recurvata Lemaire, Illust. Hortic. 8: Misc. 59. 1861.

Beaucarnea recurvata was introduced into cultivation from Mexico about 1845, but
the station from which it was obtained is not known. The specimen cited under
this name in the Biologia Centrali-Americana belongs to a true Nolina, . alta-
miranoana,

Beaucarnea stricta Lemaire, Illust. Hortic. 8: Misc. 61. 1861.

Beaucarnea stricta is a glaucous-leaved species, only known from garden speci-
mens. It is often confused with Nolina hartwegiana and B. recurvata. Beaucarnea
glauca, another garden plant, may or may not belong here.

DASYLIRION.”

After excluding the species belonging to Nolina and Beaucarnea
eleven species still remain belonging to Dasylirion. Some of these
are not very well known. Below is
given a list of them with the descrip-
tion of one that is new.

Dasylirion acrotrichum Zuce. Abh. Akad.
Muench. 3: 228. 1843.

Dasylirion berlandieri 8. Wats. Proc. Am.
Acad. 14: 249. 1879.

Dasylirion flexile C. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Fig. 3.—Fruit of Dasylirien quadrangulatum.

Berol. 1867: app. 1. 5. 1867. a, Side view; b, cross section showing seed;
ae : c, eross section showing undeveloped
Dasylirion glaucophyllum Hook. Bot. ovules at base. All scale 2.

Mag. 84: pl. 5041. 1858.
Dasylirion graminifolium Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 3: 225. 1843.
Dasylirion longissimum Lem. Illustr. Hortic. 3: Misc. 91. 1856.
Das-ylirion quadrangulatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 250. 1879. Ficure 3.
Dasylirion serratifolium Zucc. Abh. Akad. Muench. 8: 225. 1843.
Dasylirion texanum Scheele, Linnaea 28: 140. 1850.

Dasylirion wheeleri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 249. 1879.

@ Dasyuirion Zuce. Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 258. 1838.

90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Dasylirion lucidum Rose, sp. nov.’

Stems one to two meters high, crowned by a cluster of leaves; leaves 40 to 60 em.
long, 12 to 138 mm. broad above the enlarged base, greenish-yellow, smooth and
shining on both surfaces, the marginal teeth reddish brown, the edge serrulate
between the teeth, the apex resolving into a long tuft of fibers; inflorescence panic-
ulate, 2 to 3 meters high including the peduncle; male racemes rather slender, 5 to
6 cm. long; fruiting panicle narrow and dense, the racemes appressed to the main
axis; pedicels short, articulated near the apex; perianth lobes 2 mm. long, obtuse;
fruit 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, rounded at base, retuse at apex, 3-winged, the wings
rounded at apex and distinct from the short but evident style; ovules 6; seeds one,
somewhat 3-angled in section.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453508, collected by Rose and Painter on the
limestone hills west of Tehuacéin, Puebla, September 1, 1905 (no. 10009), and in
flower earlier the same year (June) by Dr. C. A. Purpus (no. 1253a).

This species is perhaps nearest D. serratifolium but is certainly distinct, that species
having broader scabrous, yellow-spined, and dull-colored leaves. J. G. Baker states
that the wings are adnate to the style, but an examination of the figure cited by
him does not clearly bear this out. I find no record of fruit having been collected
by anyone except Karwinsky.

CALIBANUS.
Calibanus Rose, gen. noy.

Plants dioecious; flowers, both male and female, arranged in short and broad pan-
icles; perianth segments 6, orbicular, obtuse; stamens 6, only slightly exserted; ovary
3-celled, 6-ovuled; fruit globular, 1-seeded, thick-walled, not bursting when ripe;
seed globose or somewhat 3-angled; trunk a large globular body covered with thick
bark; leaves appearing in fascicles over the surface, linear, entire or serrulate to the
touch; panicles arising with the leaf clusters, leafless.

This genus is nearest Nolina, but differs greatly in its habit and in its globular,
thick-walled, l-seeded fruit. It is very different both in habit, inflorescence, and
fruit from Dasylirion, to which it has long been referred. Its globular trunk sug-
gests Beaucarnea, in which it was once placed by J. G. Baker, but its fruit excludes
it from that genus.

The genus is named for Shakespeare’s Caliban.

Calibanus caespitosus (Scheidw.) Rose. PLiates XXIV, XXV._ Fiacure 4.
Dasylirion caespitosum Scheidw. Wochenschrift Verein Gartenb. 4: 286. 1861.
Dasylirion hookeri Lemaire, Hort. Belg. 15:

324. 1865.

Beaucarnea hookeri Baker, Journ. Bot. 1872:

327. 1872.

Fic. 4.—Fruit of Calibanus caespitosus. Plant body proper 30 to 100cm. in diameter
a, Side view: b, cross section showing covered with a thick corky bark like that of an
seed; c, cross section showing undevel- oak, within of loose cellular structure, resting
Mpc? Ovales wt Was. « ATF BOmtee. upon the ground like a puffball and attached

to the earth only by small fibrous roots; leaves 30 to 90 cm. long, linear, 2 to 2.5 mm.

broad, pale green, slightly serrulate, striate; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, about 10 em.

broad, the horizontal branches quite rigid; segments of the flower orbicular, scarious-
margined, purplish; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter.

Specimens examined:

San Luis Potosf: Near City of San Luis Potosf, C. R. Orcutt, 1903 (trunk only);
Dr. E. Palmer, 1905 (numerous plants but no flowers).

Hidalgo: Near Ixmiquilpan, Rose & Painter, 1905 (no. 8954) with male and
female flowers and immature fruit; Dr. C. A. Purpus, same date and place;
also later, in fruit.

This plant was illustrated in the Botanical Magazine for 1859 (pl. 5099) under the
name of Dasylirion hartwegianum, the plate being accompanied by the following note:

XXIV.

P| AT

ntr

CALIBANUS CAESPITOSUS (SCHEIDW.) ROSE.

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 9]

About the year 1846, we received from Mr. Repper, of the Real del Monte Com-
pany’s establishment, Mexico, some remarkable plants in the form of tubers, a foot
and half long, and nearly as high aboveground, the surface of which is formed by a
number of wrinkled tubercles, slightly elevated, and somewhat circinately wrinkled;
from a few of which appeared tufts of rigid, subulate leaves, 1 to 2 feet long, in form
and texture resembling those of some Dasylirium. The general aspect of the tubers
remind one of the well-known ‘ Elephant’s-foot’’? of South Africa, or of some
remarkable Dioscoreae which we cultivate from Mexico. These remained dormant for
some years, but one of them has lately produced more copious tufts of foliage and
panicles of flowers; and precisely accord (the female flowers are, however, wanting to
our plants) with the Dasylirium Hartwegianum of Zuccarini, which Hartweg sent
from Zacatecas, in Mexico; anda Dasylirium of Mr. Charles Wright (*‘ Coll. N. Mex.
1851-2’’), n.-1918, also seems to be identical; but neither of these collectors has
made a note on the nature of the plant, so that whether we are to consider this
tuber as the normal condition of the stem or caudex of this species, or whether we
are to look upon it as an accidental collection or congeries of united stems (a kind of
monstrosity ), still remains a doubt in our minds. All the Dasyliria yet known to us
have separate, unbranched, and distinct stems, more or less elongated, as in the
caulescent species of Agave, and as may be seen in our figures of two of the species
of this remarkable genus, at our Tab. 5030 and Tab. 5041. The flowers of the pani-
cles develop themselves very slowly, and the withered stalks and branches remain
a long time attached to the trunk. Mr. Bentham compares this plant with the
Cordyline longifolia ot H. B. K.; but the very large, almost sheathing bracteas, rather
than leaves (which latter do not appear in the figure given by Humboldt), and the
widely different ramification of the panicle, and the acuminated sepals, indicate
something very different.

NOLINA.@

The genus Nolina as first described contained but one species, viz,
NV. georgiana, which therefore is the type of the genus. After exclud-

WW,

b
Fie.5.—Fruit of Nolinaaltamiranoana. a, Side Fig. 6.—Fruit of Nolina elegans.
view; }, cross section showing seed in one a, Side view; b, crosssection show-
cell and undeveloped ovules in two. ing seeds in two cells and unde-
Both seale 2. veloped ovulesinall. Bothscale2.

ing from Nolina those species which belong to Beaucarnea we have
left twenty species, as follows:

Nolina altamiranoana Rose, Proc. Nat. Mus. 29: 438. 1905. FiGureE 5.
Nolina beldingi Brandegee, Zoe 1: 305. 1890.

Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.

Nolina brittoniana Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 158. 1895.

Nolina elegans Rose, sp. nov. FiGuRE 6.

Probably acaulescent; leaves 50 to 60 cm. long, 9 to 12 mm. broad, stiff, yellow-
ish, both surfaces smooth, the margins serrulate; inflorescence a narrow panicle;
1 to 3 meters long; flowering branches ascending; bractlets scarious, their margins
lacerate; pedicels 8 to 9 mm. long, jointed a little above their base; sepals obtuse,
scarious-margined; fruit strongly 3-lobed, 7 to 10 mm. broad, broader than high, the
walls thin but not bursting before the ripening of the seeds.

This species is probably common in the mountains of Chihuahua, Durango, and
Zacatecas.

aNoutna Michx. Fl. 1: 207. 1803.

99 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 301306 (J. N. Rose, no. 2396).
Specimens examined: ,
Zacatecas: In the mountains, J. N. Rose, August 18, 1897 (no. 2396).
Durango: Dr. E. Palmer, 1896 (no. 249); E. W. Nelson between El Oro and
Guanacevi, August, 1898 (no. 4745).
Chihuahua: Townsend & Baker, near Colonia Garcia, June, 1899 (no. 76).
Nolina elegans has been confused in collections with both N. microcarpa and N.
recurvala, From the former it differs in its broader, stiffer leaves, larger fruit, ete.
From the latter it is generically distinct, and it is needless to point out the differences
here.

Nolina erumpans (Torr.) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248. 1878.
Nolina georgiana Michx. Fl. 1: 208. 1803.

Nolina greenei 8. Wats. Bot. Gaz. 5: 56. 1880.

Nolina hartwegiana (Zucc.) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 8: 371. 1884.
Nolina humilis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248. 1879.

Nolina lindheimeriana (Scheele) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.
Nolina longifolia (Karw.) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 3: 372. 1884.
Nolina microcarpa 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.

Nolina nelsoni Rose, sp. nov.

Trunk 1 to 3 meters high; leaves 50 to 70 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. broad above the
base, gradually tapering to a point, both surfaces smooth, the margins serrulate;
inflorescence, including the peduncle, 2 to 3.5 meters long; bracts scarious, lacerate;
pedicels 5 to 6 mm. long, jointed near the middle; sepals ovate, obtuse, scarious-
margined; mature fruit not seen.

Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 332674, collected by E. W. Nelson
near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, June 10, 1898 (no. 4489).

In its leaves this species resembles .V. parryi and N. bigelovii of the Far West, but
it is certainly quite distinct:

Nolina palmeriS. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248. 1879.
Nolina parryiS. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.
Nolina parviflora (H. B. K.) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 3: 372. 1884.

Nolina pumila Rose, sp. nov.

Acaulescent; leaves numerous, in some specimens erect, in others recurved, 20 to
30 cm. long, linear, many-nerved (sometimes 15 to 20-nerved), the apex entire but
in most cases broken off, the margin serrulate; inflorescence a narrow panicle, 20 to
30 cm. long, the peduncle and lower branches leafy-bracted; male flowers not seen;
peduncles slender, 6 to 7 mm. long, jointed just above the base, somewhat enlarged
upward; sepals papery, oblong, obtuse, 3 mm. long; fruit dry, strongly 3-lobed,
indehiscent but the walls early falling away, leaving the naked seed; style short but
distinct; cells 3; ovules 6; mature seeds 3, one in each cell, globular. J

Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 301074.

Collected by J. N. Rose near Santa Teresa, Tepec, August 10, 1897 (no. 2165);
and also in southern Durango, August 16, 1897 (no. 2340).

Nolina texana 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248. 1879.

Nolina watsoni (Baker) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 3: 372. 1884.

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. Ue

A NEW ECHEANDIA.

Echeandia paniculata Rose, sp. nov.

Caulescent, about 70 cm. long, leafy below, glabrous, glaucous, the basal leaves
several; lower stem leaves weak, 40 to 60 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. broad, thin,
a little glaucous, with a very narrow scarious margin only slightly serrulate;
inflorescence 6-branched, the branches 20 to 30 cm. long, the bracts searious, each
subtending 3 (rarely 2) flowers; perianth 6-parted, yellow, the three outer lobes
linear-oblong, the others oblong, 14 mm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad, all reflexed in full
flower but erect and twisted in age; filament free, with thin scales; anthers united.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter on bluff at Tepoxtlan, Morelos, Sep-
tember 2, 1903 (no. 844), and flowered in Washington, November, 1904.

This species is nearest FE. reflera, but is more leafy and has a more branched
inflorescence.

The following species also belongs to Echeandia but has never been placed in that
genus:

Echeandia reflexa (Cay.) Rose.
Anthericum reflecum Cay. Ic. Pl. 3: 21. pl. 241. 1794.

NYMPHAEACEAE.
THE MEXICAN WATERLILIES.

For several years past I have been greatly interested in the Mexican
Castalias, having myself collected four of the seven species, one of
which has long borne an unpublished name. When I learned some
years ago that Dr. Henry Conard was preparing a monograph of the
genus Nymphaea I withheld my notes from publication and turned
over the specimens to Doctor Conard for his inspection. His mono-
graph, an exhaustive treatise and beautifully illustrated, has recently
appeared.

I have attempted here only to present a very brief synopsis of our
Mexican species, referring the reader to Doctor Conard’s work for a
full treatment of them.

KEY TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF CASTALIA.

Flowers yellow.

Flowers 6 to 9 cm. wide; inner petals rounded at tip -.......-- 1. C. flava.
Flowers 11 to 15 cm. wide; inner petals pointed...........--.. 2. C. mexicana.
Flowers not yellow.
I ee Re ans win ome anace oe C. elegans,
Flowers white.
Stamens with slender terminal appendages -.......-.--- . 4. ©. gracilis.
Stamens with short or no terminal appendages.
Leaves strongly nerved beneath; margin toothed ....-- 5. C. ampla.

Leaves not strongly nerved below; margin entire or
nearly so,

Sinus closed; leaves retuse at apex ..........-.--- 6. C. pringlei,
Sinus open; leaves rounded at apex .........----- 7. C. odorata.

94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Castalia flava (Leitner) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 85. 1888.

Nymphaea flava Leitner in Audubon, Birds Am. 4: 411. 1838.

This species, | believe, has not been reported from Mexico, but its occurrence at
Brownsville, Texas, would indicate that it might be expected on the Mexican side of
the lower Rio Grande.

Castalia mexicana ( Zucc.) Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2:12. 1891, as to synonym,
not as to specimens.

Nymphaea mexicana Zace. Abh. Akad. Muench. 1: 265. 1832.

This species is very common in the lakes and along the canals in the Valley of
Mexico. It has also been reported from Patzcuaro and Jalisco, but I have seen no
specimens from these two localities. This Mexican species has often been confused
with the (. flava of Florida, but it grows at much higher altitudes, has much larger
flowers and very different petals, and the leaves are perhaps thicker.

Castalia mexicana has been collected only a few times and I believe has never been
in cultivation.

Specimens examined:
Valley of Mexico: Bourgeau, 1865-66 (no. 4); Rose and Hough, May 26, 1899
(no. 4327).

Type locality: In lacu prope urbem Mexico.

Zuccarini described the flowers as white and this has raised the question as to the
identity of our yellow-flowered Mexican species. Doctor Conard has examined the
leaves of three types at Munich and pronounces them identical with the above.
Either the flowers had faded out or else two species were confused in the original
description. A white-flowered species grows in the Valley of Mexico along with
this yellow-flowered one.

Castalia elegans ( Hook.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 85. 1888.

Nymphaea elegans Hook. Bot. Mag. 7'7: pl. 4604. 1851.

This species seems to be confined to the lowlands of Mexico. On the west coast of
Mexico it has been collected at Topolobampo (Palmer); Mazatlan ( Brandegee); and
near Rosario (Rose), the latter being the southernmost station for the species. It
has also been reported along the Rio Grande basin from EF] Paso to Brownsville. The
reference of this species to Guatemala by Conard must be a mistake. According to
Dr. E. Palmer the small black tubers are used by the Mexicans on the west coast as a
substitute for potatoes.

Castalia gracilis (Zucc.) Rose.

Nymphaea gracilis Zacc. Abh. Akad. Muench. 1: 362. 1832.

Mr. Conard’s reference of V. gracilis to N. ampla does not seem borne out by a
careful study of the original description of .V. gracilis or by an examination of
material which seems to belong to that species.

This species is common in the Valley of Mexico and throughout the Valley of
Lema.

Castalia ampla Salisb. Parad. 1: under pl. 14. 1805.

Castalia pringlei Rose, sp. nov.

Rhizomes apparently horizontal, large, 30 to 60 cm. long; leaves orbicular, 25 to
30 cm. in diameter, entire, retuse at apex, not at all peltate, the sinus generally
closed or the lobes overlapping except the short acute tips, glabrous throughout,
somewhat purplish beneath, the veins not prominent; flowers very large, 12 to 15
cm. in diameter, white; sepals 5, thin, oblong, obtuse, green except the more or less
whitish margins; petals pure white, oblong, obtuse; stamens yellow, the outer ones
with broad petaloid filaments, the inner with shorter and narrower filaments; con-
nective scarcely longer than the anther.

This species is perhaps near C. odorata, but differs in having the flowers and leaves
larger, the under surface of the leaves only slightly purplish, the sepals thinner, ete.

‘ ‘,' J er
ae ae * >

Contr. Nat Herb., Vol X. PLATE XXVI. g

J
POTENTILLA LOZANI ROSE.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. !

|

ROSE

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461981, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle in Lake
Xochimilco, Valley of Mexico, 1896 (no. 6464); also in the same lake by J. N. Rose
and Walter Hough, May 26, 1899 (no. 4350).

Doctor Conard refers this species to Nymphaea odorata gigantea, the *‘ types”? of
which, he states, came from Saint Georges, Delaware. Even if Doctor Conard’s
reference were correct the name would be untenable, as there is already a Nymphaca
gigantea,

Castalia odorata ( Ait.) Woodville & Wood, Rees’ Cyclopedia 6: no. 1. 1806.

Nymphaea odorata Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 227. 1789.

To C. odorata I have referred with some doubt material collected by Dr. E. Palmer
near Durango in 1896 (no. 244). This station, however, is so far away from the
known range of C. odorata, that species having not heretofore been reported from
anywhere in Mexico, that its inclusion in the Mexican flora can at present be only
tentative. The possibility of the species having been introduced into ponds has been
suggested, but Dr. Palmer assures me that the plant shows every indication of being
a native.

RANUNCULACEAE.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS.

Clematis rhodocarpa Rose, sp. noy.

Apparently high-climbing vines, somewhat pubescent; upper leaves ternate; leaf-
lets ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 8 em. long, 3 to 6 em. broad, more or less deeply
cordate, coarsely toothed, acuminate, slightly pubescent on both surfaces; inflores-
cence usually ky shorter than the leaves; sepals oblong, obtuse; fruit rose-red,
only slightly hairy} when mature terminated by long curved hairy tails.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 253028 (Pringle’s no. 4770).

Apparently common about Oaxaca, where it has been been collected by Pringle,
Nelson, and Charles L. Smith.

Clematis rufa Rose, sp. noy.

A vine 3 to 9 meters long, the stem as well as the leaves densely covered with a
reddish yellow pubescence; only the upper leaves seen, these ternate; leaflets lance-
olate to ovate, 4 to 7 em. long, acute to shortly acuminate, 3 to 5-nerved, entire;
inflorescence compact about the length of the subtending leaf; flowers numerous;
pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long; sepals oblong, obtuse; fruit not seen.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 234391, collected by E. W. Nelson along road
between Tenejapa and Yatalon, Chiapas, altitude 400 to 1,500 meters, October 13,
1895 (no. 32438).

ROSACEAE.

A NEW POTENTILLA.

Potentilla lozani Rose & Painter. PuaTE X XVI.

Perennial from a stout rootstock; stems several, erect or ascending, up to 40 em.
long, pubescent with soft scattered hairs throughout, most plentifully so at base:
leaves 5-foliolate, strictly palmate, on long silky-pubescent petioles; leaflets of basal
leaves with scattered short hairs above and more copious hairs beneath, rounded at
apex, crenately toothed, 20 to40 em. long, obovate to oblong, cuneate; stipules ovate,
entire; flowering stems bearing few small leaves; calyx lobes ovate, acute, hairy;
petals dark purple, emarginate, almost rhombic in outline, slightly exceeding the
sepals.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 461978, collected by C. G. Pringle and F.
Lozano in meadows at Cuyamoloya, Hidalgo, August 2, 1904 (no. 1545), and by
_ Rose and Painter between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9234).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX VI.—Plant, natural size.

96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ALCHEMILLA.

In preparing a synopsis of the Mexican species of Alchemilla I find the
two following species undescribed. The genus Alchemilla is a very difli-
cult one, owing to the fact that the flowers are all extremely small and
not easy to make out clearly with an ordinary hand lens, whence col-
lectors and botanists have not looked into the floral characters carefully.
As a result several Mexican species are passing under the same name.

Alchemilla procumbens Rose, sp. noy. Pirate XXVII.

Perennial with numerous creeping stems, these clothed with appressed pubescence;
leaves 3-parted, appearing 5-parted from the lateral lobes being deeply cleft, dark
green and glabrous above, paler and appressed-pubescent beneath, the lobes spatu-
late, rounded at apex, serrate-toothed; stipules united at base, toothed; inflorescence
rather open, few-flowered; pedicels slender, 4 to 8 mm. long, silky-pubescent; calyx
pubescent, 8-parted, the 4 outer lobes much broader and longer than the others,
pubescent within; stamens 2; styles sometimes as many as 8.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 452685, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9202).

Apparently common in the high mountains of Mexico from Zacatecas to Oaxaca.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; c, section of calyx showing stamens and
styles. Fig. a, natural size; figs. b and c, enlarged.

Alchemilla subalpestris Rose, sp. nov.

Perennial but with herbaceous stems, either single and erect or much branched at
base and ascending; stems 10 to 30 em. long, often glabrous throughout or with seat-
tered hairs on the stem, leaves, and bracts and very rarely on the calyx; basal and
lower stem leaves on petioles sometimes 6 to 9 em. long, somewhat orbicular in out-
line, more or less lobed and eleft; upper stem leaves perfoliate, the lobes 3 or 4-cleft
into linear obtuse teeth, the margins revolute; flowers subsessile; calyx usually
glabrous, 8-lobed, the lobes nearly equal; stamens 2; styles 2; fruiting calyx 1 mm.
long; seeds ovoid in outline, pointed.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 451546 ( Rose no. 7928 from Nevada de Toluca).

Apparently common in the high mountains throughout Mexico. I have frequently
collected it, first in the Sierra Madre of Tepic, afterwards on Mount Orizaba and
Mount Toluca, and several times on the high mountains surrounding the valley of
Mexico.

This species is probably A. hirsuta alpestris Schlecht. & Cham.; at least it is the
plant so understood by Dr. S. Watson and Mr. Hemsley. But I have not seen the
type and with only the short original diagnosis I can not be sure of this, while in any
case the name a/pestris is a homonym and must be rejected.

MIMOSACEAE.
A NEW PITHECOLOBIUM.

Pithecolobium revolutum Rose, sp. nov. Piate XXVIII.

A low depressed compact bush; first year branches very pubescent, older branches
gray and glabrous; stipular spines short, stout, straight or becoming recurved; pin-
nae one pair; common petiole short, bearing a gland at the top; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs,
closely set, linear, obtuse, the margins strongly involute, covered with short stiff
hairs as are also the rachis and petioles; flowers not seen; pods curved, flattened, 5
to 7 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad, pubescent; seeds black. ,

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453274, collected by Rose and Painter south of
Higuerillas, Querétaro, August 23, 1905 (no. 9784). Here a common desert shrub.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII.—Fig. a, branch; b, leaf; c, cross section of leaflet; d,fruit. Figs. _
aand d, natural size; b and ¢, scale 6.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXVIII.

ALCHEMILLA PROCUMBENS ROSE.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXVIII.

PITHECOLOBIUM REVOLUTUM ROSE.

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-

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,

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ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. vf

CAESALPINIACEAE.
THREE NEW BAUHINIAS.

Bauhinia confusa Rose, sp. noy.

Shrub about 2 meters high; pubescence on young branches short and dense; leaves
5 to 6 cm. long, either rounded at base or with a broad sinus, the terminal lobes
about one-third the length of the blade, slightly spreading, acute, slightly hairy
above, pubescent on the veins beneath; petiole shorter than the blade, pubescent;
inflorescence a dense raceme becoming 4 to 5 cm. long; bracts long-acuminate; buds
elongated, with long free-tips; calyx spathaceous; corolla white, 15 mm. long, taper-
ing at base into a slender claw, long-acuminate; perfect stamens one, glabrous; ovary
on a long slender stipe, pubescent; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad, flat,
glabrate.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461982 (Pringle’s no. 5104).

Specimens examined:
San Luis Potosi: Tamasopa Cafion, C. G. Pringle, June 25, 1890 (no. 3104);
San Dieguito, Dr. E. Palmer, June, 1904 (no. 126); near Tancanhuitz, E. W.
Nelson, May, 1898 (no. 4363).

Dr. Pringle’s specimens were distributed as B. divaricata L., a species with very
different leaves.

The above description of the pods is drawn from Mr. Nelson’s specimen.
Bauhinia goldmani Rose, sp. noy.

A small tree 6 to 8 meters high; young branches pubescent; petioles 6 to 10 mm.
long; leaves slightly cordate at base, 5 to 7 cm. long, the lobes one-third the length
of the blade, ovate, ascending and obtuse, glabrate above, softly pubescent beneath,
reticulate; racemes short and compact; peduncles 15 to 18 mm. long; calyx tips free,
filiform; petals narrow, glabrous, about 25 mm. long, purple; perfect stamen 1; ovary
long-stipitate, pubescent; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, 12 mm. broad, long-apiculate, on a
stipe 10 to 18 mm. long.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 470546, collected by E. A. Goldman at Tuxtla
Gutierrez, Chiapas, March 8, 1904 (no. 742).

Bauhinia (Pauletia) longifiora Rose, sp. nov.

A bush 3 meters high, with pubescent branches; leaves orbicular, 25 to 50 mm.
long, broadly cordate at base, lobed at apex, glabrous above, pale and pubescent
beneath, 7 to 9-nerved; lobes rounded; petioles shorter than the leaves; stipules
spinescent, unequal; flowers axillary in twos, or in terminal racemes, slender, 7.5
to 10 em. long, greenish-yellow; calyx spathaceous; petals 5, filiform; stamens 10,
5 anther-bearing; ovaries villous; pods 15 to 20 em. long, 12 mm. broad.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 305328, collected by Dr. E. Palmer, ravines
and mountain sides, Ymala, Sinaloa, August 16 to 25, 1891 (no. 1426); in fruit,
October 17 (letter D).

FOUR NEW CASSIAS.

Cassia arida Rose, sp. nov.

Perennial, much branched at base, erect, 15 cm. high, pubescent; stipules linear,
pubescent, often glandular; petioles slender, 3 to 4 cm. long, bearing a slender gland
between the leaflets of the lowest pair; leaflets 3 pairs, oblong, 15 to 22 mm. long,
tipped by a brown perhaps deciduous mucro; peduncles 6 to 9 em. long; pods 3 to 4
cm. long, somewhat incurved, acuminate, hairy.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453267, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter, near Higuerillas, Querétaro, August 23, 1905 (no. 9778). A common plant
of the deserts in that locality.

Cassia demissa Rose, sp. nov.
Stems low, often trailing, much branched, pubescent; petioles slender, 15 to 30
mm. long; leaflets generally two pairs, rarely three pairs, oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long,
4153—voL x, pr 3—06——3

98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

mucronate, slightly pubescent above, appressed-pubescent beneath; peduncles about
as long as the leaves, 2 or 3-flowered; pods very short, 10 to 12 mm. long, mucronate.
Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 280167, collected by C. G. Pringle near Carneros
Pass, Coahuila, 1889 (no. 2783); also by Dr. E. Palmer in the Sierra Madre south of
Saltillo, 1880 (no. 281).
This species has been confused with C. vogeliana, but it has the pods much shorter,
the leaflets fewer, etc.

Cassia durangensis Rose, sp. noy.

Stems apparently single and erect, 20 to 40 em. high, velvety pubescent; leaflets 1
pair, broadly oblong to nearly orbicular, 3 to 5 em. long, with dense soft pubescence
on both sides of a decidedly yellowish cast, especially when young; peduncles longer
than the leaves, usually 3 to 5-flowered; pods strict, 3 to 3.5 em. long; seeds glossy.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 304717, collected by Dr. FE. Palmer near
Durango in 1896 (no. 271); also near the same place by E. W. Nelson in 1898 (no.
4595).

Perhaps nearest C. bauhinioides Gray, but of simple and more erect habit with
larger and much broader leaflets, more upright pods, ete.

Cassia goldmani Rose, sp. nov.

Shrub or tree 4 to 6 meters high; leaves clustered near the ends of stunted
branches or scattered along the vigorous branches; rachis slightly pubescent; leaflets
5 to 12 pairs, rather thick, the venation somewhat indistinct, glabrous or nearly so,
the margins never ciliate, pale on both sides, perhaps glaucous, 12 to 16 mm. long,

broadest near the tip, oblique at base, rounded at apex, usually with a short mucro;—

pods 8 to 10 cm. long, somewhat glaucous, 2 cm. or more broad, the margins winged.
Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 565323, collected by Nelson and Goldman about

5 miles southwest of El Potrero, Lower California, October 31, 1905 (no. 7238).
Resembling C. polyantha of Central Mexico, but having somewhat different leaf-

lets, less pubescence on branches and leaflets, ete.

HOFFMANSEGGIA: A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW NAME.

Hoffmanseggia arida Rose, sp. noy. PuaTte XXIX.

Stems low, diffuse, usually herbaceous but sometimes woody at base, glabrous
except some stipitate glands; stipules ovate, acute; petioles slender, bearing a few
stipitate glands; pinnae 3 to 6 pairs; leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, oblong, 3 to 4 mm. long,
glabrous except a gland in the retuse apex; inflorescence an erect or ascending
raceme, 10 to 20 em. long including the peduncle; at first very dense, bearing many
stipitate glands; bracts subtending the flowers ovate, acuminate, ciliate; calyx deeply
5-parted, the lobes somewhat unequal, ciliate; flowers yellow tinged with red; pods
narrowly oblong, 3 to’4 cm. long, acute, glabrous except for the numerous stipitate
glands.

Common on the deserts of Querétaro.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 453109, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter between San Juan del Rio and Cadereyta, August 19, 1905 (no. 9619); also
near Higuerillas, August 25, 1903 (no. 9770).

This species is near //. stricta Benth., but the inflorescence and pods lack the soft

pubescence on the racemes and pods.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX.—Fig. a, flower;_b, inflorescence: c, flower; d, corolla laid open; e,
calyx laid open; /, petal; g, stamen; h, fruit; 7, seed. Figs. a, b, and h, natural size; ¢, d, e, f, g, and i,
scale 2. >

Hoffmanseggia watsoni (Iisher) Rose.
H. gracilis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 17: 347. 1882, not Hook. & Arn. 1833.
Caesalpinia watsoni Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 122. 1893.

~

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

PLATE XXIX.

yD

By

Ma

5 DP,
——S

—

SJ y

HOFFMANSEGGIA ARIDA ROSE.

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ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 99

VICIACEAE.
THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF
BENTHAMANTHA.

The name Cracca of Bentham being a homonym, the genus was
renamed Brittonamra by Otto Kuntze, but he afterwards took up the
older name Benthamantha published by Alefeld in 1862. This latter
course has been followed by Britten and Baker who published in the
Journal of Botany for January, 1900, a list of all the known species.
I wish to make a few slight changes in this list, adding also two new
species.

Benthamantha edwardsii (A. Gray) Rose.
Benthamantha grayi Alefeld, Bonplandia 10: 264. 1862.
Cracca edwardsii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 35. 1853.
Gray’s variety glabella is certainly not a form of B. edwardsii, but is much closer to

B. sericea.

Benthamantha greenmanii (Millspaugh) Rose.
Cracca greenmanii Millsp. Field Columb. Mus. Bot. 1: 299. pl. 73. 1896.

Benthamantha bicolor (Micheli) Rose.

Cracca bicolor Micheli, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 444. pl. 77. 1894.
Native of Guatemala.

Benthamantha micrantha (Micheli) Rose.
Cracca micrantha Micheli, Prim. Fl. Costaric. 1: 189. 1891.
Native of Guatemala.

Benthamantha fruticosa Rose, sp. noy.

Stem perhaps nearly a meter high, shrubby, the bark of the branches silky-
pubescent the first year, white the second year; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs,
silky-pubescent, oblong, 8 to 12 mm. long, rounded at apex, mucronate; racemes
few-flowered, either shorter or longer than the leaves; bracts subtending the flowers
filiform, longer than the pedicels; calyx lobes linear, silky-pubescent; petals green-
ish yellow or the banner more or less purplish; pods linear, pubescent, 4 to 6 mm.
long, many-seeded.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 453587, collected by Rose and Painter in
Tomellin Canon, Oaxaca, September, 1905 (no. 10087); also at the same locality by
Rose and Hough, June 23, 1899 (no. 4665).

Benthamantha glandulosa Rose, sp. noy.

Branches herbaceous, spreading, pubescent; leaflets 5 to 7, oblong to obovate,
pubescent on both surfaces, paler beneath, rounded at apex, mucronate; stipules
linear; racemes much longer than the leaves, the rachis as well as the calyx bearing
silky and glandular hairs; ovary not at all pilose; style hairy.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 258413 (Smith’s no. 3301).

ected by Heydeand Lux in Guatemala, Department of Santa Rosa, at Chiapas

Collected by Heyde and Lux in Guatemala, Department of Santa R t Cl
September, 1892, and Casillas, May, 1892. Both specimens were named Cracca
mollis by Micheli and distributed by Capt. John Donnell Smith under the numbers
3745 and 3301 respectively. 1e species is very different from the South American
374 1 3301 respectively. The sj y diff t { the South A i
species, B. mollis.

Benthamantha pumila Rose, sp. nov. PLaTteE XXX.
| Low, more or less spreading, herbaceous, purplish, pubescent; leaflets 11 to 15,
oblong, glabrous above even from the first, more or less appressed-pubescent beneath;
common petiole short; stipules linear, elongated; fruiting raceme nearly twice as

I

100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

long as the leaves; pods glaucous, 4 to 5 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad; seeds yellow
mottled with brown.

- Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453173, collected by Rose and Painter on the
road between San Juan del Rio and Cadereyta, Querétaro, August, 1905 (no. 9683).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX.—Fig. a, flowering branch; b, fruiting branch; c, calyx; d, petals;
eand /, stamens; y, seed. Figs. a and b, natural size; c and d, scale 2; ¢, /, and g, scale 4.

TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF COLOGANIA.

In 1904 I published a synopsis of the species of Cologania and the
next year the description of (. congesta. In 1908 and 1905 T colleeted
many additional specimens (47 sheets) in Mexico, which have greatly
enriched our herbaria and added much to our knowledge of the genus.

Cologania lozani Rose, sp. nov.

Stems twining with spreading or somewhat reflexed reddish hairs; leaflets 3,
lanceolate or somewhat rhombic, 4 to 7 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, acute,
roughish-pubescent on both sides, dark green above, flowers (so far as known) in
umbels of four; peduncle 2 to 4 mm. long; pedicels about 10 mm. long, hairy;
bractlets at base of calyx 2, filiform; calyx 8 mm. long, somewhat purplish, glabrous
except for a few spreading hairs; lower calyx lobe linear, longer than the others;
corolla purplish, 25 mm. long; fruit not seen.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461966, collected by C. G. Pringle and his most
valuable assistant, Filemén Lozano, in the Sierra Madre near Monterey, Nuevo Leon,
September 7, 1904 (no. 13425).

This species is near C. deamii, but has very differently shaped leaflets, ete.

Cologania tenuis Rose, sp. nov. PLaTE XXXI.
A delicate twining vine with appressed pubescence; leaflets 3, very thin, ovate-
oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. broad, rounded at base, acute, with scanty appressed pubescence
on both sides, pale beneath; flowers 4 or 5 in a subsessile umbel or short raceme;
peduncles 5 to 10 mm. long; calyx tube 8 mm. long, purple, densely pilose; upper
calyx lobe entire, acute; the lower one linear, much longer than the others; corolla
purple, 2.5 em. long; pods narrow, 4 cm. or more long, appressed-pubescent.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 450806 (Rose no. 7223). Collected by Dr. C. G.
Pringle in a mountain canyon above Cuernavaca, Morelos, July 21, 1904 (no. 13414),
in the same general region (El Parque) by Rose and Painter, September 21, 1903
(no. 7223), and by Dr. C. A. Purpus at Salto de Agua, October, 1905 (no. 1750).

This species should probably be placed near (. grandiflora, but it has different
foliage, smaller flowers, and different pubescence on the calyx.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI.—Fig. a, plant, b, fruit; c, calyx; d, banner; e, wing; f, Keel;
g, Stamens; fh, ovary. Figs. a to/, natural size; gand h, scale 2.

THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF DOLICHOLUS.’

Mr. Hemsley, in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, published in 1880,
credits ten species of Rhynchosia to Mexico proper.

Of these, 22. caribaea has been excluded by S. Watson, and 22. meni-
spermoides has been referred by Miss Vail to americana. The Mexican
specimens referred to 2. senna are true 2. terana Torr. & Gr. Sey-
eral of the Mexican species have since been described, and four others

@DoricnoLtus Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 1787.
Type species D. minima (L.) Medie. loc. cit.
Rhynchosia Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: 460. 1790.
Type species R. volubilis Lour. loc. cit.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXXl.

COLOGANIA TENUIS ROSE.

a a Owe "Oy

‘ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 10]

are here added. PR. phaseoloides has been credited to Mexico by sey-

eral writers, but is probably to be excluded. I have examined all the

Mexican species except ie hirsuta. R. erythrinoides, and R. hicolor.
The name Rhynchosia, first published in 1790, must give place to

the older name Dolicholus. The Mexican species with which I am

familiar are the following:

Dolicholus americanus ( Mill.) Vail.

Dolicholus cuernavacanus Rose.
Rhynchosia cuernavacana Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 313. 1905.

Dolicholus discolor ( Mart. & Gal.) Rose.
Rhynchosia discolor Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 198. 1843.

Dolicholus hondurensis Rose, sp. nov.

Delicate vine, pubescent; leaflets 3, obovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, acute, sometimes
shortly acuminate, rounded or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, with appressed
pubescence on both surfaces, strongly nerved beneath; racemes 8 to 12 cm. long,
densely flowered; pedicels short (1 mm. long); pods small, 8 to 10 mm. long,
apiculate.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 246585, collected by C. Thierne near San
Pedro Sula, Department of Santa Barbara, Honduras, May, 1888, and distributed by
John Donnell Smith (no. 5200).

This species was distributed as Rhynchosia precatoria DC., but it is much nearer
R. calycosa Hemsley, though still quite distinct from that species.

Dolicholus longeracemosus (Mart. & Gal.) Rose.
Rhynchosia longeracemosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 198. 1843.

Dolicholus macrocarpus ( Benth.) Rose.
Rhynchosia macrocarpa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. 1839.

Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medic.

Dolicholus nelsoni Rose, sp. noy.

Doubtless a high-climbing vine; leaflets 3, softly pubescent on both surfaces,
broadly ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, in cultivated specimens 10 cm. long, shortly
acuminate; raceme 10 to 15 cm. long; pedicels slender, 3 to + mm. long, covered with
soft white pubescence interspersed with long yellow stiff hairs as are also the calyx and
peduncle; calyx teeth 4, all narrow, the two upper united below, the lowermost one
much longer than the others.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 273452, collected by E. W. Nelson on road
between Tlaliscatillo, Guerrero, and Tlapacingo, Oaxaca, altitude 1,260 to 1,560
meters, December 6, 1894 (no. 2052).

Dolicholus nigropunctatus (S. Wats.) Rose.
Rhynchosia nigropunctata 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 408. 1887.

Dolicholus precatorius (Humb. & Bonp.) Rose.

Rhynchosia precatoria DC. Prod. 2: 385. 1825.

Glycine precatoria Humb. & Bonp. Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 755, 1809.
Dolicholus pringlei Rose.

Rhynchosia pringlei Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 316. 1895.

Dolicholus texanus (Torr. & Gr.) Vail.

Dolicholus vailiae Rose, sp. noy.
Vine climbing to the height of 2 to 3 meters; leaflets 3, softly pubescent on both
surfaces, ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acuminate; racemes elongated, 20 to 25 cm. long,

102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

much longer than the leaves; pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm. long; calyx bearing yellow stiff
hairs; sepals linear, the lower much longer; banner brown, orbicular, pubescent
without; pods pubescent, 2 cm. long; mature seeds not seen.

Type U. 8S. National Herbarium no. 40237, collected by Dr. E. Palmer near
Tequila, Jalisco, 1886 (no. 269). Also collected near the same station by C. G. Prin-
gle, September 25, 1893 (no. 4597).

This species was distributed as Rhynchosia phaseoloides DC., from which it is
very distinct in foliage, pods, distribution, etc. This species is named for Miss Anna
Murray Vail, who ©@ first called attention to the fact that Doctor Palmer’s plant had
been wrongly distributed.

RESTORATION OF ODONIA, WITH ITS MEXICAN SPECIES.

The genus Odonia was first described by Bertoloni in 1822 and
afterwards taken up by DeCandolle in 1825 and Sprengel in 1827.
Bentham and Hooker, however, combined it with Galactia, where it
has since remained. It is true that many supposed species of Galactia
are congeneric with Odonia and this is probably the one reason why
the two genera have been combined. The true type of Galactia is the
large scarlet-flowered species from Jamaica long known as Galactia
pendula but now as Galactia galactia. It is very different from all our
United States and Mexican species in its corolla. The Mexican species
of Odonia will be as follows:

Odonia acapulcensis Rose.
Galactia acapulcensis Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 137. 1897.

Odonia brachystachys ( Benth.) Rose.
Galactia brachystachys Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 127. 1837-40.

Odonia muitifiora (Robinson) Rose.
Galactia multiflora Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 315. 1894.

Odonia wrightii (A. Gray) Rose.
Galactia wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 44. 1852.

Odonia incana Rose, sp. nov. Puate XXXII.

A bushy plant, the branches apparently never twining, softly pubescent; leaflets 3,
lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute and bearing a long mucro, dark green and abigail
pubescent above, very pale and more pubescent beneath; racemes elongated, much
longer than the leaves, sometimes 20 em. long, many-flowered; flower buds covered

with a dense silvery pubescence; petals purplish, the banner nearly orbicular; ovary -

pubescent, ne pods not seen.

Type U. 8S. National Herbarium no. 302336, collected by J. N. Rose in Tepie
between penn ata and Dolores, August 6, 1897 (no. 3360).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.—Fig. a, plant; b, flower; c, calyx; d, banner; ¢, wing; /, keel; g,
stamens; h, pistil; 7,ovary. Fig. a, natural size; figs.b to h, scale 2; 7, scale 4.

Odonia retusa Rose, sp. noy.

A vine, 2 to 4 meters long, hirsute; leaflets 3, oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, retuse,
somewhat pubescent above, softly and densely pubescent beneath; racemes slender,
10 to 20 em. long, much longer than the leaves; loosely-flowered; pedicels short;
calyx tube proper about 2 mm. long; calyx lobes 4, narrow, 4 cm. long; corolla pale
blue, about 8 mm. long; banner orbicular, retuse; fruit 6 to 8 cm. long, 5 mm.
broad, S puuenar i, flattened.

“See Bull. Torr. Club 26: 111. 1899.

PLATE XXXIl.

PLATE XXXiIll.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

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ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 103

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 450676, collected by Rose and Painter near
Cuernavaca, Morelos, September 1903 (no. 6910); also by C. G. Pringle on lava beds
near the same locality, September 14, 1896 (no. 6497); and by E. W. D. Holway near
Cuautla, October, 1903 (no. 14).

’ Dr. Pringle’s specimen was distributed as Galactia tenuiflora, from which, how-
ever, it is quite different.
Odonia viridiflora Rose, sp. nov. PLATE XXXII.

A stout vine trailing or half-climbing over low bushes; stems covered with soft
white pubescence; leaves 12 to 20 cm. long, 3-foliolate; leaflets nearly orbicular, the
terminal one generally the largest, 6 to 10 em. in diameter, rounded or slightly cor-
date at base, rounded at apex or with a short acumination, pubescent on both sur-
faces, paler and reticulated beneath; inflorescence much longer than the leaves, 20 to
30 cm. long including the peduncle; flowers 4 or 5 in a cluster; calyx 4-parted, the
upper lobe broader, all acute; banner orbicular, the upper part of margin ciliate,
green; wings narrow, purplish, spurred; ovary pubescent, many-ovuled; fruit 8 to
9 em. long.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 381798, collected by C. G. Pringle near Iguala,
Guerrero, October 24, 1900 (no. 9229, type); also in 1906 (no. 10524); near the same
locality by Rose & Painter, August 11, 1905 (no. 9371); and by Dr. Pringle near
Jojutla, Morelos, August 30, 1902 (no. 11366).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; c, banner; d, wing; e, Keel; /, stamens
g, style; h, ovary. Fig. a, natural size; figs. b to g, scale 2; 7, scale 4.

THE SESSILE-FLOWERED SPECIES OF PAROSELA IN MEXICO.

In a former paper in this series“ the reasons are given for taking
up the name Parosela instead of Dalea, and a nearly completed list
is supplied of the Mexican species with pediceled flowers. Below will
be found the remaining species, so far as studied, arranged in the
order in which I have classified them in my preliminary treatment.
Further work in this genus may change this arrangement somewhat.
There are perhaps still two dozen or even more species in Dalea not
included in these lists, but since these are species not yet studied or
whose exact status is not known it seems best net to consider them
now. ‘These will be reported upon in another paper after more study
and further exploration in Mexico. Besides these, a considerable
number of new species already indicated, but not yet all described,
will be presented at another time. Names which have been preyi-
ously published under Parosela are given without synonymy.

“ Parosela insignis (Hemsley) Rose.

Dalea insignis (Hemsley) Diag. Pl. Novy. 1: 7. 1878.
“ Parosela uncifera (Schlecht. & Cham.) Rose.
- Parosela scoparia (A. Gray) Heller.

~ Parosela glaberrima (S. Wats.) Rose.
Dalea glaberrima 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 470. 1887.

~ Parosela lasianthera (A. Gray) Heller.

@ Number 4, Contributions, Volume VIII, page 302. 1905.

4153—voL x, pr 3—06——4

104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Parosela polyphylla (Mart. & Gal.) Rose.
Dalea polyphylla Mart. & Gal. Bull, Acad. Brux. 10?#: 44. 1848.

Parosela citriodora ( Willd.) Rose.
Dalea citriodora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1339. 1801.

Parosela mucronata (DC.) Rose.
Dalea mucronata DC. Prod. 2: 246. 1825.

- Parosela pectinata (Kunth) Rose.

-

‘

Dalea pectinata Kunth, Mimos. 169. pl. 49. 1819.
Parosela grayi Vail.
Parosela acutifolia (DC.) Rose.
Parosela mutabilis (Cay.) Rose.

Parosela trochilina ( Brandegee) Rose.
Dalea trochilina Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 3: 220. 1892. :

Parosela hemsleyana Rose, sp. noy.

A shrub with numerous long slender purplish branches closely set with glandular
knobs, glabrous; leaves small; leaflets 9 to 15, 2 to 3 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous on
both sides, very glandular-dotted beneath; peduncles slender; inflorescence a com-
pact head; bracts broad; calyx silky, about 4 mm. long, including the lobes; lobes
about two-thirds the length of the tube; corolla purplish.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 24436, collected by Parry and Palmer near
San Luis Potosi, 1878 (no. 154). This is reported in the Biologia Centrali-Americana
as Dalea ramosissima Benth., from which I think it is abundantly distinet. D. ramo-
sissima, a Lower Californian species, has recently been collected by Mr. Brandegee
and accords with Bentham’s original description and excellent figure. Bentham’s
name must give way to the older one of Martius and Galeotti.

Parosela leucostachys (A. (iray) Rose.
Dalea leucostachys A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 32. 1848.

Parosela lumholtzii (Rob. & Fern.) Vail.

Parosela eysenhardtioides (Hemsley) Rose.
Dalea eysenhardtioides Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Noy. 1: 6. 1878.

Parosela oaxacana ltose, sp. noy.

Shrubs, 90 to 120 cm. high with many short ascending branches clothed with a
short soft pubescence, each terminating in a short dense spike of purplish flowers;
leaflets 6 to 15 pairs, narrowly oblong, 6 to 9 mm. long, pubescent on both sides
when young but early glabrate, especially above, rounded at each end, apiculate,
paler beneath, thickly set with small glands; bracts ovate, acuminate;- calyx hairy,
the tube not at all angled, slightly cleft on the upper side, the teeth much shorter
than the tube, darker-colored, ovate, acute, almost spiny-toothed.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 40238, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on the
Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, altitude 2,250 meters, October 10, 1894 (no. 4961).

Parosela naviculifolia (Hemsley) Rose.
Dalea naviculifolia Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Noy. 1:7. 1878.

Parosela tuberculata ( Lag.) Rose.
Dalea tuberculata Lag. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 23. 1816.

Parosela pulchella (Moric. ) Heller.

Parosela psoralioides ( Moric.) Rose.
Dalea psoralioides Moric. Mem. Geneve 6: 533. 1833.

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 105

« Parosela canescens (Mart. & Gal.) Rose.

-

Dalea canescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 43. 1845.
Parosela polygonoides (A. Gray) Heller.
Parosela lachnostachys (A. Gray) Heller.
Parosela mollis ( Benth.) Heller.
Parosela rubescens (8. Wats.) Vail.

Parosela inconspicua (Schauer) Rose.
Dalea inconspicua Schauer, Linnaea 20: 744. 1847.

Parosela nana (Torr.) Heller.
Parosela wrightii (A. Gray) Vail.

Parosela vetula (Brandegee) Rose.
Dalea vetula Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. I]. 2: 146. 1889.

Parosela cliffordiana ( Willd.) Rose.
Dalea cliffordiana Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1336. 1801.

Parosela revoluta (S. Wats.) Rose.
Dalea revoluta S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 404. 1887.

Parosela pringlei (A. Gray) Heller.

Parosela laevigata (G. Don) Rose.
Dalea laevigata G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 224. 1832.

‘ Parosela cyanea (Greene) Rose.

“

Dalea cyanea Greene, Pittonia 1: 153. 1888.
Parosela brachystachys (A. Gray) Heller.
Parosela filiformis (A. Gray) Heller.

<

Parosela nigra ( Mart. & Gal.) Rose.
Dalea nigra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10: 43. 1843.

Parosela lemmoni (Parry) Heller.

Parosela erythrorhiza (Greenman) Rose.
Dalea erythrorhiza Greenman, Zoe 5: 185. 1904.

Parosela luisiana (8. Wats.) Rose. .
Dalea luisiana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 341. 1882.

Parosela triphylla ( Pay.) Rose.
Parosela aurea (Nutt.) Britton.

Parosela pogonanthera (A. Gray) Vail.

- Parosela sericea (Lag.) Rose.

Dalea sericea Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 23: 1816.

Parosela gracilis (Kunth) Rose.
Dalea gracilis Kunth, Mimos. 166. pl. 48. 1819.

Parosela painteri Rose, sp. nov.

Stems bushy, forming large clumps 30 to 50 cm. high, woody below; branches
clothed with short appressed pubescence, dark-colored, with few or no glands; leaf-
lets 5 to 7 pairs, oblong, 5 mm. long, retuse, glabrous and glandless above, glandular
and slightly pubescent beneath; spikes at first globular, becoming in fruit 3 em. long;
’ bracts ovate, acute, a little hairy, deciduous; calyx tube broad, glabrous and shining
without and bearing a row of black glands between the ribs; calyx teeth linear,

106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

somewhat unequal, about the length of the tube; petals yellow or the keel and wings
somewhat reddish; fruit pubescent.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453017, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter on a stony hillside near San Juan del Rio, Querétaro, August 18, 1905
(no. 9526). Resembling P. plumosa, but leaflets smaller and glabrous above, stems
darker-colored, spikes shorter, etc.

Parosela paucifiora Rose, sp. nov.

Woody at base, much branched, about 60 cm. high, the young branches finely
pubescent; leaflets 7 to 9 pairs, sometimes reduced to 3 pairs, small, 4 to 7 mm.
long, oblong, acute or mucronate, hairy on both sides, glandular beneath; bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, rather conspicuous, hairy; calyx tube short, hairy, the teeth
ovate at base tapering into long subulate tips longer than the the calyx tube; petals
small, white; keel and wings borne on the stamen tube a little below the top;
ovary hairy.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 316752, collected by C. G. Pringle in shaded
places on hills near Guadalajara, Jalisco, December 12, 1888 (no. 1825).

Parosela watsoni Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial, with at least upper branches herbaceous, very villous; leaflets 9 to 11
pairs, hairy on both sides, linear-oblong, obtuse, 3 to 5 mm. long; spikes narrow,
very densely flowered; bracts linear to filiform, hairy; calyx hairy, the teeth longer
than the tube; petals small, white.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 24472, collected by Dr. E. Palmer at Frayles,

Chihuahua, 1885 (no. 252), and briefly described but not named by Dr. 8. Watson.¢
Parosela albiflora (A. Gray) Vail.

. Parosela eriophylla (8. Wats.) Rose.
Dalea eriophylla 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 340. 1882.

Parosela seemani (8. Wats.) Rose.
Dalea seemani 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 470. 1887.

Parosela greggii (A. Gray) Heller.

*

Parosela wislizeni (A. Gray) Vail.

Parosela argyrostachys (Hook. & Arn.) Rose.
Dalea argyrostachys Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 285. 1841.

-

Parosela plumosa (8. Wats.) Rose.
Dalea plumosa 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 448. 1886.

»

Parosela leucostoma (Schlecht. ) Rose.
Dalea leucostoma Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 294. 1838.

Parosela domingensis (DC. ) Heller.
Parosela formosa (Torr.) Vail.

. Parosela purpusi (Brandegee) Rose.
Dalea purpusi Brandegee, Erythea 9: 2. 1899.

Parosela berlandieri (A. Gray) Rose. é
Dalea berlandieri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 177. 1861.

. Parosela microphylla (H. B. K.) Rose.
Dalea microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gem & Sp. 6: 482. 1823.

- Parosela brandegei Rose.
Dalea ramosissina Benth. Pl. Hartw. 1844, not D. ramosissima Mart. & Gal. 1843
Named for Mr. Brandegee, who has called attention to the fact that two species

a4Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 424. 1886.

PLATE XXXIV.

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 107
are passing under the name of )). ramosissima and who has recently re-collected and
distributed Bentham ’s species.

Parosela lasiostachya ( Benth.) Rose.
Daiea lasiostachya Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. 1859.

Parosela emoryi (A. (iray) Heller.
SPHINCTOSPERMUM, A NEW GENUS.

Sphinctospermum Rose, gen. noy.

Calyx teeth 5, acuminate, the 2 upper more united than the others; petals nearly
egual in length; banner nearly orbicular; wings oblong; stamens 10, one free to the
base, style slender, hairy near the top; ovaries sessile, many-ovuled; pods linear,
2-valved, septate between the seeds, 6 to 10-seeded; seeds shortly oblong, 4-angled,
constricted in the middle suggesting miniature vertebrae, dull-colored and minutely
roughened.

Annuals with simple linear leaves and single (rarely paired) axillary flowers. In
its flowers and pods suggesting some species of Cracca (Tephrosia), suchas C. tenella.
Its annual habit, simple leaves, and axillary flowers, and especially its most remark-
able seeds, exclude it positively from Cracca.

Sphinctospermum constrictum (8. Wats.) Rose. PLATE XXXIV.

Tephrosia constricta 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 46. 1889.

Reported from western Sonora and Lower California.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI1V.—Fig. a, plant; b and ¢, flowers; d, banner; e, wing; J, keel; g, sta-

>

mens; fh, seed. Fig. a, natural size; b to g, scale 3; h, scale 4.

KRAMERIACEAE.
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF KRAMERIA.

Our knowledge of the species of Krameria has been very meagre,
especially that of the Mexican ones. Recently collectors in Mexico
have not only found new species, but rediscovered some of the very
rare ones, such as A. cuspidata, Wh. revoluta, and A. parvifolia. Of
the fifteen species which we now recognize from North America, all
except A. /anceolata are represented in our Mexican collection. The
following are the North American species:

Krameria bicolor 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 417. 1896.
Krameria cuspidata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 103. 1835-36.
Krameria cytisoides Cay. Ic. 4: 61. pl. 390. 1797.
Krameria diffusa Rose «& Painter, sp. noy.

Perennial with long diffuse herbaceous branches and scant pubescence; leaves
linear, 1 to 2 cm. long, acute, becoming glabrate; inflorescence racemose; peduncles
10 to 15 mm. long, bibracteate above the middle; flowers large, purple; fruit small,
globular, with a few short stout spines, these either naked or with very short retrorse
hairs.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 452798 (Rose no. 9311), apparently common
on the west coast of Mexico, extending from Sinaloa to Guerrero.

Specimens examined:
Sinaloa: Ymala, Dr. E. Palmer, September 25 to October 8, 1891 (no. 1671).
Morelos: Near Puenta de Ixtla, J. N. Rose and Robert Hay, July 4, 1901 (no.
5326).
Guerrero: Near Iguala, J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, August 10 and 12, 1905
‘ (no. 9311).

'

108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter.

Low compact shrubs, the branches often forming long weak spines; the bark on
old branches dark or sometimes bleaching out; young branches clothed with long
cinereous appressed hairs; leaves linear, with cinereous pubescence, tipped by a long
deciduous mucro; peduncles and calyx and often the branches and leaves covered
with black glandular hairs; sepals and petals purplish; fruit flattened, ovate in out-
line, covered with long purple barbed hairs.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 346914, collected by J. N. Rose near El Paso,
Texas, May 8, 1899 (no. 4904). This species is distributed from western Texas to
California, extending north into Utah and south into northern Mexico. It has
long been known as K. parvifolia Benth., but that species is confined to southern
Lower California, has much greener foliage, less mucronate leaves, red branches,
reddish yellow flowers, ete.

Krameria grayi Rose & Painter.
Krameria canescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:42. 1852, not Willd., 1825.

Krameria lanceolata Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 168. 1828.
Krameria palmeri Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 304. pl. 27. 1895.
Krameria parvifolia Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulph. 6. pl. 7. 1844.

Krameria paucifolia Rose.
Krameria canescens paucifolia Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 661. 1890.

Krameria pauciflora DC. Prod. 1: 341. 1824.

Krameria ramosissima (A. Gray) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 326. 1882.
Krameria parvifolia ramosissima A, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 41. 1852.

Krameria revoluta O. Berg, Bot. Zeit. 14: 751. 1856.
Krameria secundifiora DC. Prod. 1: 341. 1824.

Krameria interior Rose & Painter, sp. noy.
Shrub, much branched, with black shreddy bark; young branches with cinereous,
appressed pubescence; leaves linear, 12 to 20 mm. long, mucronate-tipped; flowers
not seen; fruiting peduncles 15 mm. or less long, bibracteate; fruit globular, the
body 8 mm. long; spines with retrorse hairs along the upper half.
Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 301352, collected by J. N. Rose near San Juan
Capistrano, Zacatecas, August 19, 1897 (no. 2441).

GERANIACEAE.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF GERANIUM.

Geranium bellum Kose, sp. nov.

Resembling G. schiedeanum, but the flowers always white, the sepals much broader,
the outer ones 4 or 5-nerved, and the leaf segments much more obtuse.

Very common in the high mountains of Central Mexico, frequently collected by
the writer and recently by Dr. C. G. Pringle.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 395386, collected by J. N. Rose and Robert
Hay on Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo, July 21 and 22, 1901 (no. 5618).

Geranium lozani Rose, sp. nov.

Perennial; stems several, arising from the base or near it, 20 to 30 cm. high, either
nearly glabrous or with a rather scanty pubescence consisting of rather short reflexed
hairs; basal leaves long-petioled; blades orbicular in outline, 3 to 5-lobed, the lobes
usually 3-cleft and strongly toothed, coriaceous in texture, scarcely if at all paler
beneath, a little pubescent on both surfaces; peduncle extending beyond the leaves,
2-flowered; pedicels elongated, 5 to 7 em. long; sepals broadly lanceolate, 3-nerved,

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 109

inner ones ciliate; petals white, veined with red, 14 mm. long; fruit narrow, 3 cm.
long, pubescent.

U. S. National Herbarium no. 461465, collected by C. G. Pringle and F. Lozano
near Buena Vista Station, Hidalgo, altitude 2,550 meters, 1904 (no. 8994).
Geranium pringlei Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial; stems erect, about 30 ecm. high, very pilose, especially at base, the upper
part of the stem and inflorescence with numerous purple stipitate glands; basal leaves
long-petioled, white-pilose, especially below the blade, deeply lobed, each lobe cleft
and sharply toothed; stem leaves somewhat similar but shorter-petioied; peduncles
usually 2-flowered; pedicels short, 1 to 2 cm. long, densely glandular-pubescent;
sepals lanceolate, faintly 3-nerved, the inner ones ciliate; petals blue, large; fruit
linear, pubescent, with stipitate glands.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461451, collected by C. G. Pringle in meadows,
Cuyamaloya Station, in eastern Hidalgo, altitude 2,490 meters, August 2, 1904 (no.
8978).

OXALIDACEAE.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

The breaking up of Oxalis by Dr. J. K. Small@ into several genera
has been variously received by botanists. My own view of the sub-
ject is that his ground has been well taken and his treatment is followed
in this paper. Oxalis proper is not found in Mexico, but all the segre-
gates made by Doctor Small are represented, and in addition to these
Biophytum and Pseudoxalis, the latter here described for the first time.

For more than ten years I have been studying the Mexican material
of this family, in which I have found many new species, some of them
here first described.

SOME MEXICAN SPECIES OF IONOXALIS.

In Mexico lonoxalis might well be called the harbinger of spring,
for it is one of the first plants to respond to the rains which break up
the long dry season and is the very first to give color to the landscape.
One may travel for many miles north of the City of Mexico and see
the high valleys and plains blue, pink, or white with lonoxalis while
most other vegetation has hardly started. Of the 35 named species of
Oxalis credited to Mexico and Central America by Hemsley 15 belong
to this genus, but the actual number is greatly in excess of this figure.

The genus has a wide range both horizontal and altitudinal. It is
scattered over the entire length and breadth of the country, reaching
from near the sea level to the tops of many of the high mountains; it
grows on the open plain, in woods, in cultivated fields as a weed, on
nearly barren rocks, on dry exposed hillsides, and in sandy nooks
under the influence of the spray of a waterfall. Some species grow
on nearly perpendicular cliffs, others on the level so thickly set
together as to form a sod, while others are scattered or solitary.

The following comprise most of the Mexican species.

“Flora of the Southeastern United States, p. 664. 1903.

110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Ionoxalis alpina Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs solitary; leaves radical, several; petioles slender, glabrous; leaflets 3, broadly
cuneate, strongly notched, glabrous, pale beneath; peduncle long, longer than the
leaves, glabrous, 2 or 3-flowered; involucral bracts small, slightly pubescent; pedi-
cels long (2.5 to5 em.) and slender, somewhat unequal; sepals lanceolate, 4 mm.
long, obtuse or acutish, glabrous with scarious margins; petals white, large, 20 mm.
long; 5 of the stamens a little longer than the others; filaments glabrous below,
slightly hairy at the top.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304004, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on
Sierra de las Crucis, Mexico, altitude 3,000 meters, August 13, 1896 (no. 6439).

Ionoxalis amplifolia (Trelease) Rose.

Oxalis divergens amplifolia Trelease in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 368. 1897,

This form seems to deserve specific rank. It is characterized by broad obcordate
leaflets, the lobes short and rounded. Doctor Trelease determined it as a form of
O. divergens, a species of South Mexico having white flowers.

I have referred here tentatively a specimen collected by Palmer near Durango,
1896 (no. 297).

Ionoxalis bipartita Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs globose, small, the scales many-nerved, ciliate; buds and young parts hairy;
leaflets 3, a little hairy, deeply 2-lobed; lobes widely spreading, linear and elongated,
obtuse; sepals 3 mm. long, obtuse, 2-glandular at tip; petals pale blue (?), small, 6
mm. long; stamens 10, united below, of two lengths, the longer ones hairy; ovary
sessile or nearly so; styles long and short in different flowers; fruit oblong-linear,
5 mm. pau

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 461290, collected by C. G. Pringle near Cuer-
navaca, Mowing. July, 1898 (no. 6896); also collected in the same locality by J. N.
Rose, May, 1899 (no. 4365).

This species resembles J. stipitata of the Valley of Mexico, but has different lead-
lets, flowers, ete.

Ionoxalis compacta Rose, sp. noy.

Plants glabrous, growing in clusters on rocks in dark canyons; bulbs small, the
coats l-nerved, small; leaflets 8, small, wedge-shaped, retuse at apex; peduncles
longer than the leaves, 2 to 4-flowered; pedicels slender, about 2 cm. long; sepals
lanceolate, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long; petals pale lilac, 10 mm. long; 5 longer stamens
slightly hairy. ,

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 302425, collected by J. N. Rose in a canyon
near top of the Sierra Madre just below the little village of Santa Teresa, Tepic, alti-
tude about 2,400 meters, August 12, 1897 (no. 3448).

Perhaps nearest J. gregaria, but with different leaflets, fewer and larger flowers, etc.

Ionoxalis confusa Rose, sp. noy. PLATE XXXV, Fieure 1.

Resembling J. furcata; leaflets glaucous and much deeper-cleft (usually to below
the middle); sepals glabrous; flowers more numerous and smaller; capsule linear-
oblong, 7 mm. long; stamens of two lengths, the short ones glabrous, the long hairy.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 305682, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on wet
banks near Guadalajara, Jalisco, June, 1889 (no. 2789).

This species was distributed as O. decaphylla H. B. K., from which it proves to be
very distinct.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV, Fic. 1.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepal; c, d, stamens; e, ovary. Fig. a,
natural size; b to e, scale 2.
Ionoxalis conzattiana Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs solitary, rather large, surrounded by a bundle of fibers; bulb-scales orbicular,
with many nerves (15 or more); leaflets 4 to 6, orbicular to shortly oblong, rounded

‘
‘
“
a

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 11]

at apex, 2 to 3 cm. long, somewhat hairy even in age, glaucous beneath, the margin
and tip with scattered brown glands; peduncles often much longer than the leaves
and appearing with them, 20 to 30 cm. long; flowers nymerous, on slender pedicels;
sepals lanceolate, 5 to 8 mm. long, obtusish, thin, purplish-margined, bearing a
brown gland at tip; flowers deep purple; petals 12 to 20 mm. long; filaments a little
pubescent; styles hairy.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 346561, collected by J. N. Rose and Walter
Hough on Mount Alban near city of Oaxaca, June 16 to 21, 1899 (no. 4586).

I also refer here, although it has much larger flowers, a specimen collected by
E. W. Nelson on the west slope of Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, July, 1894 (no.
550).

This is one of the largest-flowered species of the genus which I have seen in Mexico
and would doubtless be worthy of introduction into cultivation. I have named it
for my friend Professor Conzatti, of Oaxaca, who conducted me to the region in
which the plant was found and to whom I am under many obligations for courtesies
sbown me while in his city.

Ionoxalis cuernavacana Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs large, deep-seated, clothed without with stout fibers; bulb scales acute,
broad, with numerous strong nerves; leaflets 4, broadly cuneate, rounded or broadly
notched at apex, in age glabrate, pale beneath, 3 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. broad;
peduncles stout, appearing before the leaves; flowers mostly 6 to 12, sometimes
reduced to one; sepals oblong, obtuse, gland-tipped; flowers reddish or purplish;
petals 12 to 15 mm. long; stamens of two lengths, the longer toothed on one side,
glandular-pubescent, the others hairy.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 346366, collected by J. N. Rose in deep woods
in the canyon above Cuernavaca, Morelos, May, 1899 (no. 4401); also near the same
locality by C. G. Pringle, June, 1896 (no. 6344). Bulbs were sent home by the writer
which flowered in the Botanical Garden in September, 1899.

Ionoxalis decaphylla (H. B. K.) Rose.

Oxalis decaphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 538. pl. 468. 1821.

Humboldt’s illustration of this species shows a plant with 10 leaflets somewhat
cuneate at base and strongly notched at apex. The material which has been referred
to this species comes from widely separated stations and shows a considerable vari-
ation in the size and shape of the leaflets. A good part of it seems to belong else-
where. Material which I collected in the Valley of Mexico is very nearly typical,
and, if really so, it will exclude all the northern material.

Ionoxalis drummondii (A. Gray) Rose.

Oxalis drummondii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 251. 1853.

I. drummondii has been reported in Sonora by Torrey, but no specimens are cited
by Doctor Trelease. I have seen only the Mexican Survey specimens cited by Torrey.

The species is characterized by the broadly spreading lobes of the leaflets and by
the blue flowers. The scales of the bulbs are thin and 3-nerved, the stamens
glabrous.
Ionoxalis furcata Rose, sp. nov. PLaTE XXXV, Fiaure 2.

Bulbs solitary, small, globular, covered with the fibers of the old scales; scales
ovate, acute, many (more than 10)- nerved; petioles shorter than the peduncles,
glabrous; leaflets 7 to 9, linear in outline, glabrous, each two-cleft; lobes about one-
fourth the length of the leaflets, diverging, linear, obtuse; peduncles 3 to 7-flowered;
involucral bract small, ovate, acute; pedicels slender, 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals
shortly oblong, 3 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, 3-nerved, pubescent; corolla
purplish, 10 to 12 mm. long; stamens all hairy; styles (in specimens seen) of one
length and very short; capsule not seen.

112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 396715, collected by C. G. Pringle on wet
ledges near Guadalajara July 10, 1902 (no. 8659). Here perhaps belongs J. N. Rose’s
no. 6402 collected in 1901 near the same locality.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXYV, FiG, 2.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepals; ¢ and d, stamens; ¢, ovary. Fig.
a, natural size; b to e, scale 2,

Ionoxalis galeottii (Turcz.) Rose.
Ovalis galeottii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 31!: 433. 1858.
Type locality; ‘‘Oaxaca, altitude 7,000 ped.;’’? type collected by Galeotti (no.

3995 ).

Specimens examined:
Oaxaca: Sierra de San Felipe, altitude 2,700 and 3,000 meters, C. G. Pringle,
May, 1894 (no. 4660).
I have seen no authentic specimens of this species, but Doctor Pringle’s plant
comes from the same general locality and answers the description fairly well.

Ionoxalis gonzalesii Rose, sp. noy.

Bulbs solitary, globular, covered with many fine fibers; scales with numerous
nerves; leaflets about 9, broadly linear, 6 to 7 cm. long, acute, glabrate in age; pedun-
cles 20 to 30 cm. long; umbels many-flowered; pedicels slender, 1 to 2’em. long;
sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous; petals 1 cm. long, deep purple; styles long, hairy.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 371938, collected by C. Conzatti and V. Gon-
zales on San Felipe, Oaxaca, June 10, 1897 (no. 333).

This species is perhaps nearest O. lasiandra, but it has differently shaped leaflets,
glabrous sepals, ete.

Ionoxalis grayi Rose, sp. noy.

Bulbs surrounded by a thick coat of old fibers; scales thickish, many-nerved;
leaflets 5 to 8, simply notched, or deeply parted; peduncles longer than the leaves;
flowers purplish; filaments hairy.

This is the Ovalis decaphylla of Gray and of all American writers. It differs greatly*
from the material from the Valley of Mexico in the texture of the bulb scales and in
having numerous veins instead of three. I have referred tentatively to this species
all the material heretofore passing under O. decaphylla except that from the Valley
of Mexico, although there may be other forms which should be taken out. I have
taken for the type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 14731, the first specimen (Wright’s
no. 909) wrongly referred to O. decaphylla.

Ionoxalis gregaria Rose, sp. nov.

Plants growing in thin sheets on the sides and in crevices of dark overhanging
cliffs; bulbs numerous, small, in flowering specimens almost entirely absorbed, appar-
ently.arising from slender rhizomes; leaflets 3, sharply cuneate at base, broad above,
retuse, the lobes rounded, 6 to 30 mm. long, pale or sometimes violet-colored, gla-
brous or nearly so; peduncles much longer than the leaves, many-flowered; pedicels
very slender, elongated, sometimes 25 mm. long; flowers small; calyx lobes shortly
oblong, obtuse, 1 to 2 mm. long, glandular at tip; petals pale lilac, 6 to 8 mm. long;
stamens hairy.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 40240, collected by C. G. Pringle in the bar-
ranca below Cuernavaca, Morelos, 1896 (no. 6343); also collected at the same locality
by J. N. Rose, May, 1899 (no. 4437). :

It differs from most of the other described species in its clustered bulbs. Appar-
ently of the type of O. martiana, but certainly different.

Ionoxalis hernandesii (DC.) Rose.

Oxalis hernandesii DC. Prod. 1: 695. 1824. ‘

This species has a wide distribution and shows considerable variation in the size
and shape of the leaflets. The leaflets, however, are never retuse.

In the U. 8. National Herbarium we have some 16 sheets of this species.

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. Lls

Ionoxalis jacquiniana (HH. B. K.) Rose.
Oxalis jacquiniana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 235, 1821.
Type locality: ‘‘Prope Real del Monte.’’

Ionoxalis jaliscana Rose, sp. nov. PLATE XXXV, Ficure 3.

Bulbs solitary, globular; scales closely many-nerved; petioles scarcely half as long
as the peduncles, glabrous; leaflets 5 to 8, broadly cuneate, 6 to 12 mm. broad above,
deeply 2-notched or slightly lobed, the lobes broad and obtuse; flowers 5 to 8; pedi-
cels slender, 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals 5 mm. long, oblong, acute, glabrous; corolla
vurplish, 15 mm. long; styles (in specimens seen) all very short and glabrous; cap-
sule oblong, about twice as long as the sepals, glabrous.

Type U. 8S. National Herbarium no. 396712, collected by C. G. Pringle near Gua-
dalajara, Jalisco, July 12, 1902 (no. 8646), also collected near the same locality by
Dr. E. Palmer in 1896 (no. 68). The latter plant was referred by Dr. S. Watson to
Oxalis decaphylla, from which it is readily distinguished by its bulb scales, leaflets, ete.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV, FIG. 3.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepal; ¢ and d, stamens; e, ovary; /
fruit. Fig. a, natural size; b tos, scale 2.

Ionoxalis latifolia (H. B. K.) Rose.

Oxalis latifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 237. pl. 467. 1823.

This species as heretofore understood has hada wide range extending, according to
some authorities, from the southern United States through Mexico and Central
America to South America, and from Campeche on the coast to high upon Mount
Orizaba.

The only specimens I have seen which at all seem to answer Humboldt’s illustra-
tion are those collected by Doctor Gaumer (no. 585) and by Doctor Schott (nos. 490
and 918), in both cases in Yucatan, therefore from near the type locality. .

As I understand this species it is characterized by broadly cuneate leafiets which
are rather strongly nerved, small flowers, small, broad, obtuse sepals, hairy stamens,
and a stipitate ovary.

Ionoxalis lasiandra (Zucc.) Rose.

Oxalis lasiandra Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 2: 353. 1834.

A condensed description is as follows: Leaflets 7 to 9, 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 em. broad,
rounded at apex; sepals with glandular hairs outside; petals large, crimson; fila-
ments glandular-pubescent. This species is now grown in the open grounds of the
Washington Botanical Garden, having come from Edinburgh, the original source of
the Graham material. Mr. George Oliver tells me that it is very common in the
grounds of the Botanical Garden of Edinburgh, sometimes becoming a weed.

Oralis lasiandra Zuce. and O. lasiandra Graham have been heretofore considered
distinct species, Graham’s name being the one in general use. After a careful com-
parison of the original descriptions I am led to believe that the name as used by
both authorities refers to the same species. Zuccarini described his plant about
1854 (?), having grown it from bulbs sent by Karwinski from Mexico to the botanical
garden at Munich. The species being such an attractive one would naturally be dis-
tributed. In 1840 Graham received specimens from Berlin under the manuscript name
of O. lasiandra, which name he used in 1842 when he figured and described it in the
Botanical Magazine. Zuccarini should therefore be cited as the authority for this name.

The Kew Index reference of Graham’s plant to 0. floribunda Lehm., a Brazilian
species, must be incorrect.

Ionoxalis lunulata (Zucc.) Rose.

Oxalis lunulata Zuce. Abh. Math. Phys. Classe 1: 200. 1830.

In the Bernhardi Herbarium, now in the Missouri Botanical Garden, is what
appears to be a part of the type of OU. lunulata. It seems to answer that species in
every particular, character of bulb scales, size, number, and shape of leaflets, num-
ber and color of flowers, etc. The label gives the locality ‘‘ Mexico.”’

a-@ }

114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Ionoxalis occidentalis Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs solitary, deep-seated; bulb scales acuminate, strongly many (about 20)
nerved, some of the nerves anastomosing; leaflets 4 to 6, rather thick, strongly
notched at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous; peduncles elongated, much longer than
the leaves and appearing with them; flawers 4 to 7, on slender pedicels 2 to 3 em.
long; sepals broadly oblong, 6 to 7 mm. long, rounded or even truncate at the apex,
thin with broad purple margins, glabrous, with 3 or 4 glands near tip; petals deep
purple above, pale below, 2 cm. long; filaments somewhat hairy; styles pubescent.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 301992, collected by J. N. Rose on the road
between Bolafios and Guadalajara, but in the State of Zacatecas, September 20, 1897
(no. 3035).

This is a very beautiful species, worthy of cultivation.

Ionoxalis primavera Rose, sp. noy.

Bulbs of medium size; scales oblong, very fibrous, the nerves 12 or more; leaflets
8, triangular in outline more or less strongly lobed at apex, the lobes generally broad
and rounded at apex; peduncles 20 to 30 em. long, nearly twice as long as the leaves;
pedicels and calyx glandular-pubescent even in age; flowers numerous, purplish;
sepals lanceolate, obtusish, glandular at tip, 5 to 6 mm. long; petals 12 to 16 mm,
long; pubescent within; filaments only slightly pubescent.

Very common in the lowlands of Tepic and Sinaloa, where it was collected by
J. N. Rose, July 2, 1897 (no. 1508). This specimen, the type, from Acaponeta, Tepec,
is no. 300348 of the U. 8S. National Herbarium.

This plant begins to flower a few days after the first rains and is one of the very

earliest of the herbaceous plants to appear on the dry plains of western Mexico.

Later in the season it is so abundant that it becomes a troublesome weed in corn-
fields.

This species has been in cultivation since 1897 in the Washington Botanical Gar-
den, where it has flowered several times.

Ionoxalis pringlei Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs solitary; leaves radial, several; petioles slender, glabrous; leaflets broadly
cuneate, obcordate, glabrous, 10 to 20 mm. broad; peduncle 15 to 25 em. long, much
longer than the leaves, glabrous, 2 to 8-flow pee involucral bracts small, slightly
pubescent, acute, gland-tipped; peduncles 12 to 35 mm. long, slender; sepals ovate,
acute, 4 mm. long, glabrous, with scarious margins and gland-tipped; petals blue,
yellowish below, 10 mm. long; 5 filaments longer than the others; capsule linear,
elongated, 15 mm. long.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304003, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on
lava beds on the side of Sierra de Ajusco, Distrito Federal, altitude 2,550 meters,
September 8, 1896 (no. 6483).

Ionoxalis schiedeana (Zucc.) Rose.
Oxalis schiedeana Zace. Abh. Math. Phys. Classe 2:352. 1834.

Ionoxalis stipitata Rose, sp. noy.

Bulbs globular, small, covered with thin coats, these with about 8 to 10 delicate
nerves, ciliate; young buds hairy; leaflets 3, becoming glabrate, 2-lobed; lobes
widely spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse; sepals oblong, 4 mm. long, obtuse, purplish
at tip, 2-glandular; petals pale blue, 11 mm. long; stamens 10, united below, of two
lengths; free part of filaments broad below, the 5 longer filaments hairy, the 5
shorter glabrous; ovary stipitate; styles (in specimens seen) long, hairy; fruit rather
broad, one and one-half times longer than the sepals.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 40241, collected by C. G. Pringle, near Tlalne-
pantla, Valley of Mexico, July 5, 1898 (no. 6894).

Ionoxalis stolonifera Rose, sp. noy, For description see p. 131.

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. LL5

Ionoxalis tenuiloba Rose, sp. nov.

Bulbs solitary; petioles about the length of the peduncle, glabrous; leaflets 3,
cuneate at base, deeply 2-lobed; lobes strongly divergent, linear, 2.5 to 5 em. long,
acute; peduncle filiform, 10 to 12 cm. long; umbel about 8-flowered; pedicels filiform,
2.5 mm. long; sepals obtuse, gland-tipped; filaments hairy.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 236917, collected by Marcus E. Jones at
Colima, State of Colima, July 2, 1892 (no. 118).

This species has very remarkable leaflets.

Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Cay.) Rose.

Oxalis tetraphylla Cay. Ie. 3:19. pl. 237. 1794.

Oxalis deppei Lodd. Bot. Cab. 15: pl. 1500. 1828.

Type locality: ‘‘ In Mexico Imperio.”’

I have referred to this species a plant collected by myself on the pedregal at San
Angel near the City of Mexico, which, from its appearance and station, is more likely
to belong here than any other which I have seen. Cavanilles’s figure shows a plant
with 3 or 4 broad, obovate leaflets and with elongated peduncles and slender pedicels,
all of which are possessed by my specimen.

Ionoxalis vespertilionis (Zucc.) Rose.
Oxalis vespertilionis Zuce. Abh. Math. Phys. Classe 2: 350. 1854.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF LOTOXALIS.

The following Mexican species of Lotoxalis are either new or have
been passing as species of Oxalis.

Lotoxalis angustifolia (H. B. K.) Rose.
Oxalis angustifolia H,. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 249. 1823.

Lotoxalis dichotoma Rose, sp. noy.

Woody for some distance below, slender, erect, rarely if at all branching, some-
what hairy, 30 to 60 cm. high; petioles slender, 2 to 7 cm. long, somewhat pilose;
leaflets orbicular to oblong, 2 to 4 cm. long, rounded at base and apex or sometimes
obtuse, thin, more or less hairy on both sides, paler beneath, the terminal leaflet
remote; pedicels slender, 2 to 7 cm. long, longer than the subtending petiole, dichoto-
mously branching with a single flower in the fork, several-flowered; sepals + mm.
long, slightly hairy; petals yellow, twice as long as the sepals; stamens glabrous.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 300500, collected by J. N. Rose in the foothills
of the Sierra Madre, near Colomas, Sinaloa, July, 1897 (no. 1650).

This species belongs to the group Hedysaroideae, and is closely related to the
so-called Oxalis sepium.

Lotoxalis fasciculata (Turcz. ) Rose.
Oxalis fasciculata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 82': 272. 1859.

Lotoxalis glabrata (Baker) Rose.
Oxalis neaei glabrata Baker, Ref. Bot. 5: pl. 292. 1871.
Lotoxalis neaei (DC.) Rose.

Oxalis neaei DC. Prod. 1: 690. 1824.

Lotoxalis occidentalis Rose, sp. nov.

Somewhat woody below, branching at base; branches angled, glabrous; petioles
usually hairy; leaflets three, glabrous throughout or slightly ciliate, orbicular to
narrowly oblong, obtuse or slightly retuse, the upper leaflet somewhat remote;
peduncles 2 to 2.5 em. long, longer than the petioles; flowers in umbels of 3 or 4;
buds ovate, acute; sepals ovate, 5 mm. long, acute, glabrous or nearly so; petals
yellow; capsule oblong, 6 to 8 mm. long, smooth; cells 3-seeded.

4153—voL x, pr 3—06——_5

116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 302240, collected by J. N. Rose on road between
Rosario and Concepcion, Sinaloa, July 27, 1897 (no. 3265),

Lotoxalis pentantha (Jacq.) Rose.
Oxalis pentantha, Jacq. Oxal, 21. pl. 1. 1794.

Lotoxalis psilotricha (Turez.) Rose.
Oxalis psilotricha Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 311: 428. 1858.

Lotoxalis tephrodes (Turcz.) Rose.
Oxalis tephrodes Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 81: 428. 1858.

Lotoxalis yucatanensis Rose, sp. noy.

Ten to 30 cm. high, erect, woody throughout; young parts with ascending some-
what appressed pubescence; leaflets 5, the terminal remote, oblong to orbicular, thin
(in herbarium specimens), mostly rounded at base, usually strongly emarginate, but
the tips unequal, nearly glabrous, 5 to 15 mm. long; inflorescence of 5 to 7 flowers,
dichotomous with central flower solitary, compact, the pedicels jointed above the
base; sepals ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long, nerved, glabrous or nearly so; corolla yellow;
5 longer filaments hairy; capsule orbicular(?), glabrous on the angles.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 268419 (Gaumer no. 715).

Specimens examined:
Yucatan, Schott, 1865 (no. 625); G. F. Gaumer, 1895 (no. 715); C. F. Mills-
paugh, 1899 (no. 1633).

This species has heretofore passed under the name of L. berlandieri, but differs in
its more erect shrubby habit and glabrous capsules, in the character of its inflores-
cence, etc. it is apparently confined to Yucatan.

RESTORATION OF BIOPHYTUM. “

This genus was established by DeCandolle in 1824, based upon two
species formerly referred to Oxalis. It was shortly afterwards
returned to Oxalis where it remained for the next half-century. Gar-
deners, however, usually kept it out of Oxalis on account of its very
peculiar habit. Don and Nickelson both recognize Biophytum.
Durand takes it up in 1888 and so does R. Reeche in Engler and
Prantl’s late work.

Otto Kuntze takes up for this genus the pre-Linnaean name Todda-
vaddi (1742).

About twenty species have been recognized, but only the following
is known to grow in Mexico.

Biophytum dendroides (H. B. K.) DC. Prod. 1: 690. 1824.
Oxalis dendroides H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 250. 1825.
Toddavaddi dendroides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 96. 1891.
Specimen examined:
Vera Cruz: Barranca of Chavarreillo, C. G. Pringle, 1899 (no, 8165).
PSEUDOXALIS, A NEW GENUS. ;
Pseudoxalis gen. nov.

Probably perennial, caulescent from slender running rootstocks; leaves alternate;
stipules wanting; leaflets 3, palmate, sessile; peduncles 1 or 2-flowered; sepals 5,
broad, thin, petaloid, much longer than the petals; petals small, yellow.

Perhaps nearest Xanthoxalis, from which it differs especially in its small corolla
and large petaloid sepals. When Ovalis madrensis was first described it was compared

a Briopuytum DC. Prod. 1: 689. 1824.

«~St

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 117

by Doctor Watson with 0. (now Lotoxalis) berlandieri, from which it differs especially
in its foliage.
P. madrensis (8. Wats.) Rose.

Oxalis madrensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 144. 1890.

Stems much branched, creeping, pubescent; leaflets obovate, obtuse or retuse, 10
to 12 mm. long; sepals obtuse, 6 to 8 mm. long.

Only known from mountains near Monterey, Nuevo Leon. Collected by C. G,
Pringle, July 16, 1889 (no. 2867).

LINACEAE.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF LINUM.

Linum longipes Rose, sp. noy.

Annual, erect, 20 to 30 cm. high, simple below, branching aboye, slightly hairy;
lower leaves in whorls, oblong to obovate, 10 to 15 mm. long, obtuse, shortly but
distinctly petioled, very thin; upper leaves attenuate, acute, stipular glands wanting;
pedicels slender, 10 to 20 mm. long; sepals 2 to 2.5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate,
slightly glandular-ciliate; petals yellow, about twice as Jong as the sepals; styles
slender united, nearly to the top, valves 10; carpels small, without cartilaginous
insertions at base.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 381811, collected by C. G. Pringle, in moun-
tains near Iguala, Guerrero, October 11, 1900 (no. 9261).

This species resembles somewhat L. cruciatum, but has the styles united, the pedi-
cels longer and glabrous, ete.

Linum nelsoni Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial, much branched at base, the branches long, often weak, perhaps some-
times procumbent, when young pilose; lower leaves in whorls, oblong, 10 to 15 mm.
long, obtuse, at first pilose, becoming glabrate, the uppermost leaves alternate,
acute; inflorescence open; pedicels pilose; sepals ovate, acute; petals yellow, 5 to 6
mm. long; capsule 10-valved.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 469215, collected by E. W. Nelson at Boca del
Monte, Vera Cruz, March 13, 1894 (no. 210). Also collected by C. A. Purpus, on
Ixtaccihuatl, January, 1903 (no. 67).

BALSAMEACEAE.
RESTORATION OF TEREBINTHUS, WITH ITS SPECIES.

The ancient name Terebinthus was adopted by Tournefort, Ray, and
other well-known authors, but was discarded by Linnaeus for Pistacia,
a name almost, if not quite, equally ancient. In accordance with the
present practice in nomenclature Pistacia must remain the name of the
genus to which Linnaeus applied it. Mr. William F. Wight has called
my attention to the faét that the name Terebinthus, however, is valid
for another genus, that to which it was first applied by a post-Linnaean
author. This first use was by Patrick Browne in 1756,4 who based
his genus on a single species, Péstacia simaruba L., which will there-
fore be the type of Terebinthus.? Although the Linnaean binomial is
not given by Browne, the three following references, ‘* Pistacia foliis
pinnatis deciduis, foliolis ovatis. L. Sp. Pl. Terebenthus major Betu-
lae cortice, ete. Slo. Cat. 167 & H. Simaruba. L. M. Med.”, unmistak-

@Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, p. 345.
>For citation and synonymy see Terebinthus simaruba in list below.

115 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

ably establish the identity of Browne’s species with Pistacia simaruba,
as the same references with no other description or citation, are given
by Linnaeus for this species. Four years after the publication of
Browne’s work, Jacquin, 1760,“ includes the same species as 7erebinthus
browni, Luinnaeus in 1762,” changed the name to Bursera gummifera.
This name, modified in spelling to Burseria gunmmifera, was adopted
by Jacquin 1763.° But Bursera or Burseria, is invalid for this genus
not only because it is antedated by Terebinthus but because the name
was applied earlier” to a different genus. Another name which has
been used by some authors is Elaphrium, Jacquin 1760.¢ This is four
years later than Browne’s publication of Terebinthus and even the
latter name has place priority in the same work in which Elaphrium
appears.
The following are the known Mexican species:

Terebinthus aloexylon (Schiede) W. F. Wight.
Elaphrium aloexylon Schiede, Linnaea 17: 252. 1848.

Terebinthus aptera (Ramirez) Rose.
Bursera aptera Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. 2: 16. pl. 7. 1896.

Terebinthus arborea Rose, sp. noy.

Tall trees; old trunks red and smooth; young branches pubescent; leaflets 2 to 4
pairs, 4 to 9 em. long, ovate, rounded or cuneate or rarely cordate at base, more or
less abruptly acuminate, the acuminum obtuse, somewhat pubescent on both sides;
inflorescence paniculate; fruit glabrous; sepals ovate, acute, ciliate; fruit in very
compact clusters.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 302233 (Rose 3259e), collected by J. N. Rose
between Acaponeta and Concepcién, Tepic, July 2 (no. 1505), July 4 (no. 1530);
near Rosario, July 22 (no. 1821); between Rosario and Concepcion, July 27 (3259a
and 3259e) and July 28 (3259b). All collected in 1897.

A very common tree in the low country of Tepic and Sinaloa.

Terebinthus arida Rose, sp. noy. PuaTeE XXXVI.

A low shrub; branches dark gray, those of the first year densely pubescent, the
older ones glabrous; leaves clustered near the ends of short spurs or scattered along
the new branches; leaflets mostly 2 to 4 pairs, rarely reduced to 3 or sometimes even
to one, oblong to spatulate, 4 to 6 em. long, obtuse, glabrous on both sides; petiole
and the narrowly winged rachis slightly hairy; flowers subsessile; calyx half as long
as petals, both hairy; fruit subsessile, glabrous.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453480, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter near Tehuacin, Puebla, 1905 (no. 9985), August and 2, 1901 (no. 5864),
and by J. N. Rose, same locality,

This species must be near B. galeotti, but it has fewer and differently shaped
leaflets, ete.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI.—Fig. a, plant; b, fruit. Fig. a, natural size; b, enlarged.

Terebinthus bicolor (Schlecht. ) Rose.
Elaphrium bicolor Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 625. 1843.

— —

atniarn ” PL Gui: 3. 48. 4 Loefling, Iter. 194. 1758.
bSp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 471. ¢ Enum. PI. Carib. 3, 19.

¢Stirp. Am. Hist. 94. pl. 64.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXXVI.

“ASOY VOINV SNHLNISSYSL

i " Ow R .
ISS WE
7} “ra

PESO) S
Vis X

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 119

Terebinthus biflora Rose, sp. noy.

Two to 5 meters high with many short stunted branches; leaves on very short
petioles (8 mm. long); leaflets always 3, small (6 to 20 mm, long), ovate to obovate,
acute or obtuse, more or less cuneate at base, crenate, slightly pubescent on both
sides; fruiting peduncles slender, 12 to 20 mm. long; pedicels 4 mm. long; fruit
usually in pairs, 8 mm. long, glabrous.

Type U. 8S. National Herbarium no. 316639, collected on limestone ledges near
Tehuacin, Puebla, by C. G. Pringle, August 27, 1897 (no. 6686). Also collected at
the same locality by J. N. Rose, August 2, 1901 (no. 5903).

Terebinthus bipinnata (DC.) W. IF. Wight.
Amyris bipinnata DC. Prod. 2: 82. 1825.
Terebinthus cerasifolia ( Brandegee) Rose.

Bursevra cerasifolia Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. IT. 3: 121. 1891.
Terebinthus cinerea (Ingler) Rose.

Bursera cinerea Engler, DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 43. 1883.
Terebinthus cuneata (Schlecht.) Rose.

Elaphrium cuneatum Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 629. 1843.

Terebinthus delpechiana ( Poisson) Rose.
Bursera delpechiana Poisson; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 53. 1883.

Terebinthus excelsa (H.B. K.) W. F. Wight.
Elaphrium excelsuin H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 30. pl. 611, 1825.

Terebinthus fagaroides (H.B.K.) W. F. Wight.

Elaphrium fagaroides H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 27. 1825.
Terebinthus fragilis (S. Wats.) Rose.

Bursera fragilis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 442. 1886.
Terebinthus galeottiana (Engler) Rose.

Bursera galeottiana Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 47. 1883.

Terebinthus glabrescens (8. Wats.) Rose.
Bursera palmeri glabrescens 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 145. 1890.

Terebinthus gracilis (Engler) Rose.
» Bursera gracilis Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 50. 1883.

Terebinthus grandifolia (lngler) ‘Rose.
Bursera grandifolia Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 50. 1883.

Terebinthus graveolens (H.B. kK.) Rose.
Elaphrium graveolens H. B. K. Noy. Gen. Sp. 7: 31. 1825.

Terebinthus heterophylla (Engler) Rose.
Bursera heterophylla Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 46. 1883.

Terebinthus jonesii Rose.
Bursera jonesii Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895.

Terebinthus jorullensis (H.B.K.) W. F. Wight.

Elaphrium jorullense H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28. pl. 612. 1825.
Terebinthus karwinskii (Engler) Rose.

Bursera karwinskii Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 57. 1883.

Terebinthus kerberi (Engler) Rose.
Bursera kerberi Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 41. 1883.

‘

— SS.

by,

120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Terebinthus lancifolia (Schlecht.) W. F. Wight.
Elaphrium lancifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 247. 1843.

Terebinthus lanuginosa (II. B. K.) Rose.
Elaphrium lanuginosum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 31, 1825.

Terebinthus longipes Rose, sp. noy.

A small tree 3 to 4 meters high, with a smooth trunk and with a broad flat top,
glabrous throughout; leaves pinnate, 10 to 25 cm. long; common petiole terete, not
at all winged between the leaflets; leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, on slender petiolules (the
longer 10 mm. long) long-acuminate, the terminal ones cuneate at base, the others
usually rounded, sometimes narrowed, always more or less oblique at base, green
above, paler and somewhat reticulated below, quite glabrous on both sides even
when quite young; inflorescence paniculate, 10 cm. long; flowering pedicels 4 to 5 .
mm. long, in fruiting 5 to 8 mm. long; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals white, oblong, 3
mm. long; fruit oblong, 12 mm. long, borne in a dense cluster.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 346674, collected by J. N. Rose and Walter
Hough on the dry hills above Matamoras, Puebla, June 26, 1899 (no. 4691). Also
collected by C. G. Pringle near Jojutla, Morelos, 1901 (no. 8510).

This species was not common about Matamoras, but was found scattered along the
brow of dry hills mingled with various species of Acacia, Mimosa, and Opuntia.

The type (Rose’s no. 4691) is a fruiting specimen. The flower characters are
drawn from Pringle’s no. 8510, which apparently belongs here, although the leaves
are very immature. This species, while related to 7. simaruba, is very different in
its habit of growth, inflorescence, foliage, ete.

Terebinthus macdougali Rose, Torreya 6: 170. August, 1906. .

A small tree; bark of 1 and 2 year old branches reddish, smooth; leaves clustered
at the ends of short spurs, either simple or with 3 to 5 leaflets; rachis of compound
leaves winged; petioles short; blade oblong, obtuse, 1 to 1.5 em. long, crenately —
toothed, with a very short, dense pubescence on both surfaces; male flowers borne
in short racemes or panicles; sepals and petals densely pubescent; female flowers
solitary; peduncles very short, 4 mm. long, glabrous.

A species common on the hills near the head of the Gulf of California, first
collected by Dr. E. Palmer in 1870 and recently collected near the same region by
Dr. D. T. MacDougal, after whom I take great pleasure in naming it.

This has heretofore been confused with B. hindsiana of southern Lower California,
from which, however, it seems quite distinct. It differs in its more vigorous branches,
reddish instead of blackish bark on 1 and 2 year old shoots, somewhat thicker leaves
and leaflets, shorter and denser pubescence on leaves, more pubescent petals, ete.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 15501, collected by Dr. E. Palmer.

Specimens examined:

Lower California: Exact locality not given but doubtless near the mouth of the
Colorado River, Dr. E. Palmer; San Felipe Bay, D. T. MacDougal, February,
1904; Los Angeles Bay, Dr. I. Palmer, 1887 (no. 572).

Sonora: Hills near the Gulf of California, C. G. Pringle, August 20, 1884.

Terebinthus mexicana (Engler) W. F. Wight.
Bursera mexicana Engler, DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 51. 1883.

Terebinthus microphylla (A. Gray) Rose.
Bursera microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 155. 1861.

Terebinthus morelensis (Ramirez) Rose.
Bursera morelensis Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nat. 2: 17. 1896.

Terebinthus multifolia Rose, sp. noy.
Small shrub 2.4 meters high; branches dark, sometimes reddish, glabrous; very
young branches puberulent; leaves borne in clusters near the ends of short branches,

ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 121
once pinnate; leaflets 15 to 19, linear-oblong, 10 to 13 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad,
glabrous, entire, obtuse; fruit solitary on short reflexed peduncles, orbicular, glab-
rous, 3 lines long.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 301368, collected by J. N. Rose at San Juan
Capistrano, Zacatecas, August 21, 1897 (mo. 2455).

This species is nearest T. microphyllu (A. Gray) Rose and T. morelensis (Ramirez)
Rose, from both of which it differs in its more distinct leaflets, shorter peduncles, ete.

Terebinthus multijuga (Engler) Rose.
Bursera multijuga Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 42. 1883.

Terebinthus odorata (Brandegee) Rose.

Bursera odorata Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 2: 138. 1889.

Mr. Brandegee reduced this species to B. fagaroides, but a study of good material
recently collected by Nelson and Goldman convinces me that while its relationship
is evidently here it is clearly distinct.

Terebinthus ovalifolia (Schlecht.) Rose.
Elaphrium ovalifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 248. 1843.

Terebinthus palmeri (8. Wats.) Rose.
Bursera palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 402. 1886.

Terebinthus pannosa (Engler) Rose.
Bursera pannosa Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 54. 1883.

Terebinthus penicillata (DC.) Rose.
Elaphrium penicillatum DC. Prod. 1: 724. 1824.

Terebinthus pringlei (S. Wats.) Rose.
Barsera pringlei 8S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 145. 1890.

Terebinthus rhoifolia (Benth.) Rose.

Elaphrium rhoifolium Benth. Bot. Sulph. 11. pl. 7. 1844.

Bursera hindseana rhoifolia Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 59. 1883.

Elaphrium hindseanum Benth. op. cit. pl. 8.

In 1844 Bentham described from the Bay of Magdalena two species of Bursera
under the names Elaphrium rhoijolium and LE. hindseanum differing, as he states, only
in the number of leaflets, the former having 3 and the latter only 1. Dr. Engler in
his Monograph of the Burseraceae has reduced rhoifolia to a variety of hindseana
although the name rioifolia has precedence by position. There appears to be no
ground for maintaining both species and very little to support a subspecies. Rhoifolia
should therefore be the name of the species and /indseana should either be consigned
to synonomy or taken up for a subspecies if there proves to be one. Mr. Brandegee,
who has visited the type locality, states that the number of leaflets varies from 1 to 9
and he is therefore of the opinion that no variety should be rethined, with which
opinion I am in accord.

Terebinthus rubra Rose, sp. noy.

Small trees or shrubs with smooth red trunks, the bark peeling off in broad sheets;
young branches and leaves glabrous; leaflets 5 to7 pairs, lanceolate, rounded at base,
acuminate, serrate below, entire above, paler beneath, 4 cm. long or less; flowers
not seen, but inflorescence apparently open; fruiting peduncle 1 to 2 em. long, bear-
ing two to four fruits; fruit obovate, somewhat 3-angled.

Only seen in southeastern Sinaloa in the foothills, where it seems to be common
growing with 7. tenuifolia.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium 300526, collected by J. N. Rose near Colomas,
Sinaloa, July 14, 1897 (no. 1670).

This species seems nearest 7. pringlei but has shorter petioles and peduncle and
much broader leaflets, ete.

ae bal

122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Terebinthus schaffmeri (8. Wats.) Rose.
Bursera schajffneri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 469. 1887.

Terebinthus schiedeana (Iingler) Rose.
Bursera schiedeana Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 57. 1883.

Terebinthus schlechtendalii (Engler) Rose.
Bursera schlechtendalii Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 54. 1883.

Terebinthus sessilifiora ( Mngler) Rose.
Bursera sessiliflora Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4:55, 1883.

Terebinthus simaruba (L.) W. F. Wight.
Pistacia simaruba L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1026. 1753.
Terebinthus brownti Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 18. 1760.
Bursera gummifera L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 471. 1762.

Terebinthus submoniliformis (Engler) Rose.
Bursera submoniliformis Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 55. 1883.

Terebinthus subtrifoliata Rose, sp. noy.

Low shrub, glabrous throughout; branches dark; leaves simple or trifoliate, cune-
ate at base, rounded at apex, crenate, glabrous on both sides, 25 mm. or less long;
flowers one to three in the axils of the leaves; pedicels short (2 to 3 mm. long)
reflexed in fruit; fruit somewhat 3-angled, glabrous, 3 mm. long.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 501971, collected by J. N. Rose west of Bola-
fios, Jalisco, September 17, 1897 (no. 3014). rs

Resembling somewhat 7. rhovfolia in its variable leaflets, but they are not pubes-
cent as in that species.

Terebinthus tenuifolia Rose.
Bursera tenuifolia Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895.

TEREBINTAHUS TOMENTOSA (Jacq.) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium tomentosum Jacq.
Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760. This is a South American species which may here be
conveniently transferred.

POLYGALACEAE.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF POLYGALA.

Polygala calcicola Rose, sp. nov. PuaTtE XXXVII.

Perennial, somewhat woody at base, much branched and diffuse, 10 em. or less
high, with appressed cinereous pubescence; leaves all alternate, linear to oblong, 10 to
15 mm. long, acute, with appressed pubescence on both sides; flowers either solitary
or 3 to5 ina short raceme; 3 outer sepals lanceolate, acute, pubescent; wings oblan-
ceolate, 5 mm. long, pubescent, cream-colored; fruit orbicular to shortly oblong, 8 to
8.5 mm. long, glabrous except on the margin.

Type U. S. National Herbarium 316730, collected by C. G. Pringle on limestone
hills near Tehuacin, Puebla, August 7, 1897 (no. 7477).

Perhaps nearest P. ovalifolia, but with the pubescence appressed and the sepals
more persistent, etc. |

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; c, petals; d, petals, stamens, and pis-
til; /, pistil; g, ovary; and 7, two views of seed. Fig. a, natural size; b to 7, scale 4.
Polygala nelsoni Rose, sp. nov. ‘ PuatE XXXVIII.

Stems annual, 30 to 40 cm. high, simple below, somewhat branched above, glab-
rous; upper leaves and probably lower ones all alternate, linear, 8 to 12 mm. long,
glabrous and glandular, acute; inflorescence a short spike-like raceme; bracts cadu-
cous; 3 outer sepals shortly oblong, obtuse; wings spatulate, reddish; upper petal
crested; seeds with appendages at base, very hairy.

‘aSOY VIOOINIVS VIVDA10d

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

PLATE XXXVII.

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PLATE X

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ABUTILON DURANGENSE ROSE & YORK.

ROSE——-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 123

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 469216, collected by E. W. Nelson on road

between Guichocoyi and Lagunas, Oaxaca, June 29, 1895 (no. 2753).

This species is related to P. paniculata and P. longicaulis.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVIII.—Fig. a, plant; b, leaf; c, calyx; d,sepals; e, sepals and petals;
f, petals; g, petals and stamens; /, stamens; 7, two views of pistil; j, seed. Fig. a, natural size; b to j,
scale 6.
Polygala turgida Rose, sp. nov. PLaTE XXXIX.

Perennial, prostrate, much branched, forming dense mats; stems terete, glabrous
as are also the leaves and inflorescence; leaves all in whorls, apparently fleshy when
alive, obovate, rounded at apex, sometimes mucronate, 15 to 25 mm. long; peduncles
slender, weak, 2 to 6 cm. long; inflorescence a spike-like raceme, much elongated in
fruit; pedicels short, subtended by small ovate searious bracts and bearing at their
base two small triangular bractlets; 3 outer sepals ovate, scarious-margined; wings
much larger than the outer sepals; upper petal crested; capsule glabrous, orbicular,
bearing at base a cushion-like disk; seeds hairy, aril scarious, as long as the seed.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 8215, collected by C. G. Pringle in alkaline
meadows on the Hacienda de Angostura, San Luis Potosf, July 14, 1891 (no. 3792);
also collected by Dr. E. Palmer at Media Luna near Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi,
June, 1904 (no. 84).

Mr. Pringle’s specimen was sent out as a doubtful P. aparinoides, but that is a very
different species.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIX.—Fig. a, plant; ) and ec, flower; d, petals and stamens; ¢, tw:
views of pistil; /, capsule; g, seed. Fig. a, natural size; .) to g, scale 6.

MALVACEAE.
ABUTILON, A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW NAME.

Abutilon durangense Rose & York. : PLATE XL.

Perennial; stems woody, dark purple, branching, covered with short glandular
hairs; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long; 4 to 7 cm. wide, cordate at base (with a
wide sinus), long-acuminate, finely dentate or crenate, or almost entire, the under
surface pale in color, densely softly stellate-pubescent, the upper surface sparingly
stellate with additional simple hairs, the veins purplish; petioles 2.5 to 4.5 em. long,
with glandular pubescence; stipules small, linear, deciduous; inflorescence panicu-
late, flowers axillary, solitary; peduncles 1.5 to 3 em. long, jointed near apex; calyx
10 mm. long in fruit, finely and densely stellate, the lobes broadly ovate, long-
acuminate, equaling or slightly longer than the mature carpels; petals yellow, obo-
vate, 15 to 18 mm. in length; stamen tube very short; carpels 9, shortly acuminate,
about 11 mm. in length, 2 or 3-seeded; seeds puberulent.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304839, collected near Durango City, by Dr. E.
Palmer, 1896 (no. 587).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL.—Fig. a, branch; b, carpels. Fig. a, natural size; b, scale 2.

Abutilon hemsleyana Rose.
Abutilon sidoides Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Nov. 2: 24. 1879, not Dalz. & Gibs. 1861.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF WISSADULA.

Wissadula glandulosa Rose, sp. noy.

Woody at base, the branches spreading or procumbent, very glandular; leaves
broadly ovate, acute, cordate at base, stellate-pubescent, crenate, the petiole often
longer than the blade; stipules filiform; fruiting calyx 12 to 14 mm. long; sepals
broadly ovate, acuminate; petals yellow, 15 to 16 mm. long; carpels 5, strongly
mucronate, each 3-seeded,

oe

124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 9809, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter on the road between Higuerillas and San Pablo, naa August 24, 1905
(no. 9809).

Perhaps nearest W. pringlei, but leaves not acuminate, stem less pilose, plant more
glandular, ete.

Wissadula lozani Rose, sp. nov. Puate XLI.

Branches terete, covered with stellate hairs; upper leaves oblong, 5 to 7 em. long,
at most acute, truncate or slightly cordate at base, crenate; inflorescence paniculate;
pedicels short (10 mm. or less long), stout; fruiting calyx 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals
ovate, acute; petals yellow; carpels 5, each 3-seeded.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 461976, collected by C. G. Pringle and F,
Lozano at Hacienda El Carrizo near San Juan, Nuevo Leon (no. 13443).

This species belongs to the Abutilastrum section of the genus and is not closely
allied to any of the six other described species of this group.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; e, corolla; d, carpels; e, section through
earpels. Fig. a, natural size; figs. b, c, d and e, scale 2

HYPERICACEAE.
FOUR NEW ST. JOHNSWORTS.

Hypericum confusum Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial, sending up a cluster of 3 to many herbaceous stems, 2.5 to 7.5 em,
high, sometimes 4-angled, glabrous; leaves sessile, oblong, with a short obtuse-tipped
apex, either shorter or longer than the internodes, light green above, hardly paler
beneath, 4 to 12 mm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide; sepals somewhat unequal, 4 to 6
mm. long, acute; petals yellow; ovary shorter than the calyx; styles 3, somewhat
elongated.

Type U.S. National ferpienen no. 304028, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle in damp
soil, Serrania de Ajusco, Distrito Federal, August 23, 1896 (no. 6440).

This species must be near the South American H. brevistylum with which it has
been confused, but it has a less spreading habit, larger leaves, calyx, and flowers,
longer styles, etc.

Hypericum diffusum Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial, usually branching at base; stems ascending, 10 to 12 cm. high, some-
what 4-angled; leaves lanceolate, acute, 10 to 16 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. broad,
l-nerved, the margin somewhat scarious and slightly denticulate; flowers rather
few; sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, 5 to 6 mm. long; petals yellow, longer than
the sepals; stamens 9 to 15; capsule 1-celled, 6 to 7 mm. long; styles 3, distinct,
each bearing a broad flat stigma.

Collected by C. G. Pringle in meadows near Buena Vista Station, Hidalgo, 1904
(no. 8802).

Hypericum simulans Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial; stem herbaceous, usually single, erect, 20 to 50 em. high, glabrous;

leaves oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse, with many black dots on under surface; -

flowers few; bracts obtuse and leaf-like; sepals broadly ovate, 5 to 7 mm. long, obtuse,
black-dotted; petals oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, yellow or becoming reddish, more
or less black-dotted on the margin; styles 3; capsule 3-celled.

Collected by C. G. Pringle, near Canales, Hidalgo, September, 1904 (no. 8993, type)
and near Pachuca, Hidalgo, in 1903(?) (no. 6941); also in the latter locality by
J. N. Rose, July 21 and 22, 1901 (no. 5572).

Oe tht i tbh tie Le

PLATE XLI.

X.

Contr. Nat. Herb. Vol.

WISSADULA LOZAN! ROSE,

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ROSE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 125

Hypericum submontanum Rose, sp. nov.

Stem much branched at base and often so above, 10 to 20 em. high, only slightly
angled; leaves decussate, lanceolate, obtuse, 10 to 12 mm. long, rather thin in tex-
ture, l-nerved, with pellucid dots but never black ones; flowers very small; sepals
linear, acute, 2 mm. or less long; petals 3 mm. or more long, drying reddish yellow;
capsule 4 mm. long, 1-celled; styles 3, distinct, short, each capped by a broad flat
stigma.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304022, collected by C. G. Pringle in damp
sandy meadows and lava fields on the Sierra de Ajusco, Distrito Federal, altitude
2,400 meters, October 3, 1896 (no. 6527); also collected by Mr. Pringle near the same
locality, September 7, 1901 (no. 9357). This species was distributed as H. philonotis
Schlecht. & Cham., from which, however, it must be very different.

VIOLACEAE.
A NEW CALCEOLARIA.
Calceolaria humilis Rose & Dowell, sp. nov. Pirate XLII.

Perennial, stem herbaceous, branching from the woody base, 10 to 20 em. Lich,
branches decuinbent or ascending, pubescent in two lines; leaves opposite, short-
petioled, 1 to 3. cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, orbicular to ovate, acute or obtuse, glabrous,
crenate-serrate, the blade decurrent on the ciliate petiole, this about 2 mm. long;
stipules subulate to lanceolate and foliaceous, 4 to 8 mm. long, glabrous; flowers
violaceous, nodding on slender, one-flowered, solitary, axillary peduncles; peduncles
puberulent, 6to 8 mm. long, the bracts opposite near the articulation; sepals lanceo-
late, acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous, 4 mm. long; lip orbicular, slightly longer than its
claw, + to 5 mm. long, the claw broadly winged, 5-nerved; lower stamens puberu-
lent on the lower part of the connective above the gland-like appendages; capsule
ovoid-globose, with a blunt beak, glabrous.

Collected by C. G. Pringle on lava fields near Tizapan, Valley of Mexico, altitude
2,300 meters, July 30, 1901 (no. 9653).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLII.—Fig.a, plant; b, sepals; c, petals; d, two views of stamens. Fig. a,
seale 4; b and c natural size; d, scale about 2.

CACTACEAE.
ESCONTRIA, A NEW GENUS.

Escontria Rose, gen. nov.

Flowers small, tubular; ovary globular, covered with imbricating chartaceous,
translucent, persistent scales, without spines or hairs; tube of flower narrow, also
bearing scales like those of the ovary; petals erect, narrow, yellow; stamens and stipe
included; fruit globular, scaly, purple, fleshy, edible; seeds black. Tree, very much
branched; ribs of stems few.

This genus is segregated from Cereus on account of its small tubular flowers and
scaly fruit. So farasI am aware the species upon which it is founded has no near
relatives among the many described species of Cereus. Mr.G. N. Collins has photo-
graphed fruit of this or a closely related species at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

This genus is named for the late Senor Don Blas Escontria, who was Ministro
de Fomento of Mexico at the time of his death. which occurred in January of this
-year. Senor Escontrfa was a man of high scientific attainments and took a great
interest in all subjects relating to the scientific development of his country.

ie M8 af
5

126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Escontria chiotilla (Weber) Rose. Piare XLITI.

Cereus chiotilla Weber; Schumann, Ges. Kakteen 83. 1899.

From 4 to 7 meters high; trunk very short; branches very numerous, forming a
very compact head, weak and easily broken, bright green, not at all glaucous; ribs
7 or 8, acute; areoles closely set, often running together, elliptical; radial spines 10
to 15, rather short, often reflexed; centrals several, one much longer, somewhat flat-
tened, sometimes 7 cm. long, all light-colored; flowers borne near the ends of the -
branches, small, including the ovary about 3 cm. long; petals nearly erect, yellow;
ovary and calyx tube covered with overlapping ovate, cartilaginous scales but with-
out wool, spines, or hairs; fruit glabrous, about 5 cm. in diameter, edible, scaly.

The fruit is sold in the market at Tehuacdin under the name of ‘‘geotilla’’ or
‘‘chiotilla’’ and as ‘‘tuna,”’

Very common at Tehuacan and Tomellin.

Specimens examined:
Puebla: Near Tehuacin, Rose & Painter, August 31, 1905 (no. 9939);
Oaxaca: Near Tomellin, Rose & Hough, June 23, 1899 (no. 4663); Rose &
Painter, September 4, 1905 (no. 10107).

NEW SPECIES OF OPUNTIA AND ECHINOCACTUS. t

Opuntia megarrhiza Rose, sp. noy. if

Roots long (30 to 60 em.) and very thick (5 to 6 cm. in diameter); stems low (20
to 30 em. high), much branched at base; lower joints elongated, 20 to 30 em. long,
thin and pliable; lateral joints appearing along the margins of the older joints and
often if not generally in the same plane; sepals small, ovate, reddish or rose-colored,
acute and even apiculate; petals about 15, pale lemon or even rose-colored, 2 em.
long, obovate, mucronate-tipped; stamens short, numerous, erect; style longer than -
the stamens; stigmas about 7, greenish; ovary clavate, 3 em. long, the areolés numer-
ous, generally spineless but very woolly; umbilicus deep and broad; mature fruit
not seen.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 570115, collected by Dr. E. Palmer near
Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, May, 1905 (no. 607).

Echinocactus grandis Rose, sp. noy.

Cactus body 1 to 2 meters high, 60 to 100 cm. in diameter; ribs numerous (exact
number not recorded), rather high, not undulate, bearing many closely set groups
of spines; no distinct areole, but a continuous broad groove filled with felt-like hair
in which are set the spines; radial spines 5 or 6 (10 specimens examined), about
equal, 3 to 4 em. long, straight and stiff, erect or slightly spreading; one very distinct
central spine stouter and longer (4 to 5 cm. long) than the radial ones, distinctly
banded as are some of the radial ones; all of the spines at first yellow, but the old
ones becoming reddish brown; tops of flowering plants covered with dense white
wool; flowers, including ovary, 4 to 5 cm. long, yellow; sepals lanceolate, tipped
with a long mucro (almost spinescent), the margin more or less serrulate; petals
somewhat similar but broader, obtuse at the apex and with a weaker mucro; fruit
5 to 6 cm. long, densely covered with long downy wool, tipped by the persistent
flower, dry, many-seeded, the bracts few and spinescent; seeds blackish, smooth,
shining.

Very common on the. limestone hills near Tehuaedn, Puebla.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461288, collected by C. G. Pringle in 1900
(no. 6696). Also collected by J. N. Rose, August 2, 1903 (no. 5953).

It is remarkable that this species has not heretofore been characterized, for it
surely must have been frequently observed by collectors and travelers. It has
probably been mistaken for some of the other large species such as FE. ingens, £.
visnaga, and EF. grusonii, which, while they resemble it in a general way, still have
very distinct characters. .

XLII

A.—ESCONTRIA CHIOTILLA

(WEBER

ROSE.

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B.—CEPHALOCEREUS MACROCEPHALUS WEBER.

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ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 12
Echinocactus pringlei (Coulter) Rose.
Echinocactus pilosus pringlei Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 365, 1896.
This species is very distinct from the true /. pilosus. Both are under cultivation
in Washington.

APIACEAE.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

In 1905 was published a supplement “ to Coulter and Rose’s Synopsis
of the Mexican and Central American Umbelliferae. During the past
year so many new species have been found and so much interesting
material has come to hand that it seems best to publish the notes and
descriptions.

ARRACACIA, NEW AND OLD SPECIES.

Arracacia aegopodioides Coulter & Rose.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, in oak woods between Pachuca and
Real del Monte, Hidalgo, July 19, 1905 (no. 8671); on Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo,
July 20, 1905 (no. 8853); between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905
(no. 9201).

Arracacia fruticosa Rose, sp. noy.

A meter or more high, the stem woody, at least often so, the herbaceous parts
_ purplish and more or less glaucous, glabrous; basal and lower stem leaves ternately
decompound, 30 to 40 cm. long, the ultimate segments small, ovate to lanceolate,
sharply toothed or more or less cleft, glabrous; upper stem leaves much reduced;
inflorescence much compounded, the rays often forming umbel-like clusters and
these sometimes again compounded; rays 15 cm. or less long; involucre bracts and
involucel bractlets wanting; but the top and base of the rays granulate; rays numer-
ous, about equal, 3 to 4 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long; flowers deep purple; fruit
10 mm. long, smooth; carpels strongly 5-angled; seed deeply concave on the face;
middle interval containing a single oil tube, the lateral intervals sometimes with two;
carpophores broad and thin; stylopodia small but conical.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 453625, collected by J. N. Rose and J. H.
Painter near the base of the red hills east of Tehuacidn, Puebla, September 6, 1905
(no. 10125). In habit and especially in its frutescent stem this species resembles
the genus Coulterophytum, but it has the fruit of a true Arracacia.

Arracacia multifida 8. Wats.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, near Tulancingo, Hidalgo, July 22,
1905 (no. 8834); on limestone hillside near Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, July 29, 1905
(no. 9048).

Arracacia tenuifolia Rose, sp. nov.

Stems 25 to 35 cm. tall, glabrous throughout, somewhat branched above, naked
below; basal leaves large, ternately decompounded into linear, elongated, entire
segments; peduncles slender, 8 to 10 em. long; rays few (3 to 10), stout, 1 to 1.5 em.
long; involucel bractlets several, minute, shorter than the pedicels; pedicels short,
1 to 1.5 mm. long; fruit ovate, 4 mm. long; stylopodia slender-conical.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 453208, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter on a ledge of a high cliff near Cadereyta, Querétaro, August, 1905 (no. 9719).

This species is near A. multifida, but has smaller and differently shaped fruit, ete.

@ Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 331. 1905.

128 CON TRIBUTLONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

DEANEA, NEW AND OLD SPECIES.

Deanea arguta Rose, sp. noy. :

Perennial, 50 to 60 cm. high, glabrous, slightly glaucous; basal leaves 2 or 3 times
ternate; petioles slender; leaflets ovate, small, sharply serrate, the terminal ones
more elongated, more or less cleft, glabrous except the roughened veins and margin;
stem leaves much reduced; peduncle sometimes nearly 20 em. long, occasionally sub-
sessile, not very stout; rays numerous, about equal, 2 to 4 em. long; pedicels 2 to 3
mm. long; involucre wanting; involucel bractlets few, linear, a little longer than the
pedicels; fruit oblong, 7 mm. long, rounded at each end; wings about half as broad
as body; oil tubes in intervals 3 or 4; stylopodium low-conical; seed face deeply
concave.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 397662, collected by Dr. FE. Palmer at Alvarez,
San Luis Potosi, September 5 to 10, 1902 (no. 114).

Deanea longipes Rose, sp. noy.

Perennial, 80 to 120 cm. high, simple below, glabrous; basal leaves much dissected,
glabrous; ultimate segments lanceolate, acuminate, doubly serrate, or cleft and ser-
rate; stem leaves much smaller, especially the uppermost ones; stipular sheath
enlarged; inflorescence somewhat variable, the umbels either sessile or on slender
peduncles 15 em. long; involucral bracts 1 to several, leaflike, more or less toothed
or cleft; involucel bractlets linear, entire, much shorter than the pedicels; rays 5 to
6 em. long; pedicels 9 to 12 mm. long; flowers purplish; fruit glabrous, oblong, 8
mm. long; seeds concave on the face; stylopodia conical. .

Collected by C. G. Pringle, at Trinidad, Puebla, August 5, 21, 1905 (no. 138496).

Deanea pringlei Rose, sp. noy.

Rootstock thick and tuberous; stems about one meter high, purplish, glaucous,
glabrous or slightly roughened above; basal leaves twice pinnate; leaflets lanceolate,
doubly crenate, nearly glabrous above, somewhat scabrous on the margin and veins;
peduncles slender; rays few, 3 to 5 cm. long, puberulent; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long;
involuecre of a single bract or wanting; involucels small, linear; stylopodia conical;
fruit 8 mm. long, oblong, glabrous; oil tubes several in the intervals.

_ Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 396308, collected by C. G. Pringle on hills
near Contadero, Tlaxcala, altitude 2,550 meters, August 27, 1901 (no.~8601).

Resembling D. arguta, but with differently shaped leaves, ete.

Deanea purpurea Rose, sp. nov.

Rootstock thick; stems 20 to 30 em. high, green or if purplish dull, not at all
glaucous, with short rough pubescence throughout; basal leaves twice or thrice
ternate; peduncle roughish-pubescent; leaflets ovate, simply crenate, roughish-
pubescent on both surfaces; peduncles slender; rays 9 or less, 2 to 4 cm. long; pedi-
cels 2 to 3 mm. long; involucre wanting; involucel bractlets several, linear, longer
than the pedicels; stylopodia low, conical; fruit 8 mm. long, oblong, glabrous; oil
tubes several in the intervals.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 453753, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H.
Painter between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9212); also
collected by C. G. Pringle at Hacienda de Cuyamaloya, Hidalgo, August 2, 1904 (no.
449).

This species is nearest D. pringlei, from which it differs in its rougher and not at
all glaucous flowers, more pubescent leaves, ete.

Deanea (?) tolucensis (H. B. K.) Rose.

Ferula tolucensis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 12. pl. 418. 1821.

Peucedanum tolucense Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 1: 570. 1881.

This species, so long a desideratum in all our herbaria, has been frequently col-
lected of late years and from several of the high mountains of central Mexico. An

ROSE——-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 129

examination of mature fruit shows clearly that it does not belong to the true Peuce-
danum of the Old World or to the recently segregated genus Lomatium.
The following specimens are in the National Herbarium:
Jalisco: Volcano de Colima, M. EK. Jones, 1893 (no. 235).
Mexico: Nevado de Toluca, C. G. Pringle, 1892 (no. 4233); also Rose & Painter,
1903 (no. 7960); Sierra de las Crucis, C. G. Pringle, 1903 (no. 5953).
Hidalgo: Sierra de Pachuca, C. G. Pringle, 1902 (no. 9816); also Rose & Hay,
1901 (no. 5596).
Puebla: Mount Orizaba, H. E. Seaton, 1891 (no. 118); also Rose & Hay, 1901
(no. 5717).

Deanea tuberosa Coult. & Rose.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, near El Salto, Hidalgo, September
16, 1903 (no. 7064); also in barranca of Rio Aqueducto, near Santa Fé, Valley of
Mexico, July 15, 1905 (no. 8618).

ERYNGIUM, NEW AND OLD SPECIES.

Eryngium altamiranoi Hemsley & Rose, sp. noy.

Stems erect, 30 to 50 cm. high, simple below, much-branched above; basa: leaves
deeply cleft, the edge with a white cartilaginous margin extending beyond the teeth
into long white setae; upper stem and floral leaves sessile, deeply parted; heads
short-peduncled, rarely 2 em. long, ovoid, 10 em. long; bracts few, ovate, pungent,
entire or bearing one or even two teeth on each side, the margin white and the inner
face cartilaginous and white, usually erect, inclosing the heads; bractlets linear,
pungent, somewhat longer than the sepals; sepals ovate, thin, mucronate-tipped;
fruit papillose, the papillae usually obtuse.

Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 253003, collected by F. Altamirano, October,
1891 (no. 20).

Common on the plains near Guadalajara.

Specimens examined:
Jalisco: C. G. Pringle, 1902 (no. 9814), and 1903 (no. 11462); Dr. E. Palmer,
1886 (no. 458); Rose & Painter, 1903 (no. 7338); F. Altamirano, 1891 (no. 20).

Eryngium carlinae Delar.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter near Tultenango, Mexico, October 13,
1903 (no. 7823); also between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no.
9220).

Eryngium comosum Delar.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter near El Salto, Hidalgo, September 16,
1903 (no. 7097); also on rocky banks of streams near San Angel, Valley of Mexico,
August 15, 1905 (no. 9492).

Eryngium confusum Hemsley & Rose, sp. noy.

Stems from a slender spindle-shaped root, 20 to 45 em. high, naked below, with
scattered branches above and an umbel of usually 6 branches, glabrous; basal
leaves oblanceolate, 5 to 8 em. long, deeply toothed or cleft, rarely doubly cleft;
lower stem leaves somewhat similar; upper stem leaves short, deeply cleft into nar-
row spinescent entire or toothed lobes; heads short-peduncled (2 to 5 em. long);
involucre bracts narrow, entire or with a tooth on each side, ending in a strong
spinescent tip, longer than the heads, ascending; heads ovoid, 10 to 12 mm. long;
bractlets small, a little longer than the calyx teeth, except the central ones, these
much elongated, resembling the bracts; sepals broadly ovate, keeled on the back,
and strongly mucronate at tip, bluish-tinged; fruit covered with white acuminate-
pointed scales.

130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Specimens examined:
Oaxaca: On mountains northeast of Valley of Oaxaca, E. W. Nelson, October 3, .
1904 (no. 1565, type); hills at Las Sedas, C. G. Pringle, August 16, 1894;

also 1897 (no. 6710).

This species has been confused with EF. comosum, EF. carlinae, E. beecheyanum, and
FE. wright. It has fruit similar to 2. comosum, but different leaves, heads, and
bracts. It differs from the other three species in various ways, but especially in the
acuminate fruit scales.

Eryngium leptopodum Hemsley?

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, between Somoriel and Las Lajas,

Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9191).

Eryngium monocephalum Cay.
Collected by J.“N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter in oak woods between Pachues and
Real del Monte, Hidalgo, July 19, 1905 (no. 8692).

Eryngium serratum Cay.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter at Hacienda Ciervo, between San
Juan dei Rio and Cadereyta, Querétaro, August 20, 1905 (no. 9684); on rocky banks
of stream near San Angel, Valley of Mexico, August 15, 1905 (no. 9491); between
Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9228). Ss
Eryngium sp. ee

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, between Somoriel and Las Lajas, 7
Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9190).

PRIONOSCIADIUM, NEW AND OLD SPECIES.

Prionosciadium diversifolium Rose.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, in Cafion de la Mano Negra, near
Iguala, Guerrero, August 11, 1905 (no. 9336).

Prionosciadium nelsoni Coult. & Rose.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, in barranca near Cuernavaca, More-
los, September 12 and 13, 1965 (no. 10209).

Prionosciadium palmeri Rose, sp. nov. :

Perennials from deep-seated roots; stem stout, about 2 meters high, much branched;
basal leaves very large, twice ternate, then pinnately parted or lobed; main rachis
and secondary branches not at all winged; leaf segments rather large, more or less
confluent, cuneate at base, obtuse, more or less scabrous on the veins, especially
below; primary and secondary peduncles umbellate; umbel proper many-rayed;
rays stout, about 3 cm. long; pedicels 2 to 3mm. long, involucre wanting; invol-
ucel bractlets minute; fruit oblong, 12 mm. long, glabrous, wings about as broad
as body; oil tubes about 3 in the intervals.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 397608, collected by Dr. EK. Palmer near
Alvarez, San Luis Potosf, September 5, 1902 (no. 60). ~ =

Perhaps nearest P. pringlei, but it is apparently a stouter plant, and has more
strongly toothed leaves, glabrous fruit, ete.

Prionosciadium palustre Rose.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on pedregal near Yautepec, Morelos, ~
July 12 and 13, 1905 (no. 8563. )

Prionosciadium watsoni Coult. & Rose.

CoHected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on limestone hillside near Ixmiquil-
pan, Hidalgo, July 7, 1905 (no. 8964); Hacienda Ciervo, between San Juan del Rio
and Cadereyta, Querétaro, August 20, 1905 (no, 9640),

ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 131

SPECIES OF SEVERAL GENERA.

Apium ammi Urban.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on mountain side, Hacienda de la
Enearnacion, Mexico, July 7, 1905 (no. 8467).

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban.

Collected): by Dr. KE. Palmer, near San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi, June, 1905
(no, 625).

This is the first time the genus has been reported from Mexico, although its occur-
rence there is not a surprise. It will doubtless be found in many places along the
eastern coast.

Coaxana ebracteata Rose.

Oaxacana ebracteata Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 337. 1905, by error.

Stems tall, 60 cm. or more high, erect, glabrous; upper leaves twice ternate; leaflet
ovate, acute, more or less cleft and sharply serrate; petioles wanting, the stipular
bases of the leaves much enlarged and scarious; peduncles short, 7 to 8 em. long;
rays numerous, spreading, 3 to4 em. long; involucre and involucel bractlets wanting;
flowers purplish, the sterile ones on slender pedicels, the fruiting ones very short or
subsessile.

Collected by C. and E. Seler between Hurtztan and Oxchue, Chiapas, March 11,
1906 (no. 2148).

Hydrocotyle sp.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on river bank near Ixmiquilpan,
Hidalgo, July 29, 1905 (no. 9082).

Hydrocotyle sp.

Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on river bank in alluvial soil near
Tomellin, Oaxaca, September 4, 5, 1905 (no. 10053).
Lomatium dasycarpum (Torr. & Gr.) Coult. & Rose.

Collected by E. A. Goldman in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali-
fornia, July 15, 1905 (no. 1138).

This is new to the Mexican Flora.
Sphaenosciadium eryngiifolium (Greene) Coult. & Rose.

Collected by E. A. Goldman in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico, 1905 (no. 1230).

This is new to the Mexican Flora.

ADDENDA.

A NEW IONOXALIS.

Ionoxalis stolonifera Rose, sp. noy.”

A very delicate plant producing long, slender, branching stolons; bulbs small for
the genus (4 to 5 mm. in diameter), growing in damp moss on perpendicular cliffs;
bulb scales thin, black, 3-nerved; leaflets 3,5 to 18 mm. long, wedge-shaped, the
apex strongly notched and the lobes usually very unequal; peduncles slender,
usually longer than the petioles, solitary or few-flowered; sepals 2 mm. long; petals
violet-purplish, 12 mm. long.

“This remarkable species, inserted while the paper is in proof, is the only one
herein published based on the collections of 1906.

= en na a ey ee 2 ¥ ‘
: on — all oe ‘ns b “= a |
182. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
. -~~* —_ *
wr. . we

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 461983, collected by Dr. ©. GI
Sierra de Tepoxtlan, September 3, 1906 (no. 13768); previously sollected by
Rose at same station (August 7, 1906, no, 11127). oe

This is a very peculiar species, differing from all others which I have
- being stoloniferous. The leaflets are also peculiar in having the a
lobe usually being much — than the other. a

:

INDEX OF GENERA.

[Synonyms in (tales. ]

Page

Co) DOUG 2 a 123
WU ESE CS SE ee ee 96
Oh ee ee ee SS
LENIN ES Se occ wa wlgace eacinax Se sas 93
Re oo oe ene hn es 127
LES, ee 131
PRTUNOMIILIOS oe ee wees c/n «Sob Soe ERE So 86
ATTHCACIR =... --2<- Peer eee Roe ne 137
eet PMC SRG eo 8 heater at Se oo SS ame 117
PRPURNS ET PENS ete oie nS SS et ee oh ore Snte' sie 97
PETER ete we Soon e oelo oe 87-89
BENGHRMANGHR]. 26 20.2 oe So Se we bce kk 99
OT 7 0) ee an ee seen CG
Se MTNA ETE TI ae oie poi a hina aS a Sixteen ces 99
LEVEES 2 a a ee 118-122
Burseria...... ee ee ee ee 118
(DESO Rees Se ee ee ae 125

species observed in the field............ 82-85
UE SDT CEY 0s a i sie 98
AD SSS STEP REY Lay AE a 97
SPURL Ne ee ae att an 2 Sk wie lem 125
SuSE RN YE ete oe ays ts See BENS occ 87, 90
SIE el Fr se Se Ds Odie Sra 97-98
CDG sd So 2 Si ee ee 93-95
ET RUE oe ae iia EE ee ee 131
Cephalocereus macrocephalus.............. 83

TRU Lush Oe 83

RMN OREN ee eect oe ek cleo cuals 83
Ont E oe Bae ote Penh oS ais arsine Lis can 126
MereusMONjamUS..-2 262. sob nde oe we 83

TEL) no 6 a SS ee eee ee 83

DeEclren-ADOTILINUM . . ..~ .. eee cess S4

ESTP eR ee Se on ra 84
CLES a S4
See REPAIR et ee Bon ee a ee ioe wi 95
Rene ie ee ces oe ee cea se 131
BTA NINA ete ha cnc a uw. Yao te ss os Shes wm a 100
CUPS aa ee 99
LOT eng ae SE ace es ee 103-107
ESC tn (00 Cn ee ae 87,89

TEU BS Se See ee 85

bo lw aE a ee <r 85, 87

quadrangulatum ................-.....- 85, 86
IRIEEE CMAN este mite oS iw a's Sac dels Ga eos 88, 90
CE Se ee ee 91
Ue le ek ee ee ee 128-129

41538—voL x, pr 3—06——-7

Fage.
Dolicholus® 52... sa... eboabs acents aces 100-102
Bie WiemraRD ee oot eta ak hors oy deo igcier wa we 93
HGHINOCAGHORS. cet cit no Sooo s canis been ee du - 126-127
HA WESCONG: Ge tmes Oe Re aes soca se seecce 83
SERUNO UNIO 8 oh ao eae ope Ue atwenu's 84
LO ste) 01s) er ES a A, oe 83, 84
COVISING 1 ILD [Seen ee Se ee a ee S4
1.0) 929 FS [FLD (3) yen oe ge an ee &3
GED DI OUIRINE fees comer Se Soleil ok 84
SMD) OU, SE eo ee eee 118-121
J Opsayg of a 5 bra hae Ree Re ee nese eee 129-130
{D'S (0'0) ls ath: ie ene ae at lee ce a ee a 125-126
AST) BE ere oy ees = tae ee 83
Rouquiers campanulata =2.222-..5—-2 2. 85
TONG TCT Aah ye oat oleae Ae eee s4
TOS eer trons ce on Se re 85
PCH O UU ns Saeco tS ie ete ae 85
POUITALEIS See 2 55 She ote See So 85
STUB aes es ne a ee Sf
EB EOA ET Cl Ths Ra ie 102
RTD ra ats Pg ee ee a OE i 102, 103
(Occ) 700 pe ee Se) eee een, a pee een - eee M4
erUiaCedGn. aoe. a> ae ae ee cae 108
Rapes Re TERN oe ee ers Se Re ee ee 108-109
Le tg RO a RO Ee EI he ae ROR aS 101
[PELORIIAIBPS ae eS enn, Main soot mote 98

PUVGTOCO LYNG. - seb Gere op ee nee o aren Sa 13
Paes Ao ots eek oo cd aa eaten 124
Ry DOINCCN ree eS or oe hee wae wine 124-125
WGRIGEELI IN es Dee ee ee Se a Ss row 109-115, 131
SNE IYVE Ue pd ta ee i Ce nin Se 107-108
TOT RICHIRCCHE Coe Se ee ae ows wea eabew was Se 107
PCO ane eae wom ep em 117
PUTO ee 2 eR Se ee ee ee 117
MAREN es Ne te ac cin = ies die ei a acios 131
LON) 82 (SS eee ie = ge 115-116
ws CAL SE TEEN gah ge a ge 123
Mamillaria angularis..... Re ee neg 83
I ee ete Si ad ota eee Winn «0 Sir Sa
Mexican plants introduced by J. N. Rose.. 81-82
RAN eet og te as pide Bes a eiclkn sche 96
DURE oe in oc L eee oo ks ceed dae hecinacws 87, 91-92
WVU RNG 2 oso c kan wSenom @cccc 93-95
warthelt: eo 1 ae oie ae a 93
SERIOMANI Se . GEE ee Dithain'e hak ante maw a vm 131
RG oo Se Ne gga aa ns ow cudnt o& 102-103

° os
; a Ss. ihe oe. ee
x INDEX.
te
Page. ed
Opuntia a 7 eee eee rere 126 Potentilla ..... Meee tee eee ee en nnsees
fnbirigatts.<.c, J--.ccnewcvacs deeasuoeneee 83 | Prionoseiadium ............ ee
TS ee ee er 83, Ranunculaceae........ ennoccecenaeea
microdasys ee 3 RAYRCHO 5 9 sis 0in Fo docs esata gee -*
tunicata eee ses eeessenseseeeseossesesecess 83 Rosaceae were eee Seer teen wane ee weene eae
Crm OAM ack Cpe cs cancktsnahaenesuaned 109 Rose, J. N., Mexican journey of 1905.
RBIS yo sxc ais bd con ok pv ens ones eee ene 109 “Rose, J. N., Mexican plants introduc
ER 5 5 LASERS cs hw ck ee ee 110-116 | Sphaenosciadium ..... ey wocnnteeanenne
Pardsele). oi sven se dicen cnn det tuwdpshegesns 103-107 | Sphinetospermum.............- me . =
Pelecyphora pusilla .....0.<.2..5- gieuecusas St | St. Jobim 'awort. ..22...,cecseupeat
Pilocereus chrysomallus. .................. 8S |. Perehinthes . nconassonsnsusves occsmenVe
RRIVIOGDE 5 win cau ino gceuy es ooyekuheaeenn 68} Toddavadds. 2.5.0 cassie seneke =-neoeneg
COC SPOClES 2. sida caccaks wnt stmew eens SB | TUBS «cn seven ene enabewewepana icoten
PROTOS: 5 oles 6 «nieve neacenie bance OG} “Vicigeeae. <3. oi dveaeweensen e<tune
PIthesolobiam. 24:4. oc Bhs ows guneeas Geubone 96; |. ViGiaGote. oo. we ay agoavs edn —
po a ee ae By. ee artes 117,122 | Waterlilies, the Mexican ...... a ones
POR VORA. 3.50 cn daa tins ben once Vt ode oa 122-123 | Wissadula .............-s..- ocensvicwsneal
PORPRGINGORD ove oon deca - ence Vgawonnb ones 122
-~
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&
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= are. rv
eer ya de Gah ihe :

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS ©

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME X, PART 4

THE LEGUMINOSAE OF
PORTO RICO

SS

By J. PERKINS

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SA N GToWy

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1907

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL .MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERB:

VOLUME X, PART 4

RHE LEGUMINOSAE. OF
EVE Po: RICO

By J. PERKINS

LIBRARY -
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GARDEM

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSE

7 ‘
pedo oe

ISSUED JUNE 10, 1907.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTAN]
GARDEN.
PREFACE.

In 1901 and 1902 Miss Janet Russell Perkins, Ph. D., under an
appointment as scientific aid in the United States Department of
Agriculture, was engaged at Berlin in a revision of the Leguminosae
of Porto Rico. The revision was based upon a study of collections
and literature, unaccompanied by field work in the island. It was
originally intended to publish the results of this work conjointly with
an account of the agricultural relations of the leguminous plants of
that island, but as it proved to be necessary to postpone the prepa-
ration of this latter paper for more detailed investigation Miss Per-
kins’s paper is now presented separately for publication.

This paper differs in several respects from the systematic treatment
of leguminous plants presented in other numbers of these Contribu-
tions, and such differences must be taken only as an expression of the
views of the author.

FREDERICK V. COVILLE,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.

Ul

“CONTENTS.

(UES so eee se See ees sh 5s 3S eee Se ae SS ES

s of the genera and sp

Ee a ae eee ee ee

i 4g: @
— “ —— “4 Pe

a. - pe pleats ae a

THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO.
By J. PErKINs.

INTRODUCTION.

During the preparation of the following paper on the Leguminosae
of Porto Rico the writer has been impressed with the small number
of endemic plants. Of the 67 genera and 141 species only 1 genus
(Stahha) and 8 species (Cynometra portoricensis, Cassia stahlii, Cassia
portoricensis, Sabinea punicea (introduced into Cuba according to Gund-
lach), Aeschynomene portoricensis, Lonchocarpus glaucifolius, Rudolphia
volubilis, Schrankia portoricensis) are peculiar to the island.

With respect to distribution, the genera that appear in Porto Rico
may be divided into four classes—those which occur in Porto Rico
alone; those found also in several or many of the other Antilles; those
‘that appear in Mexico, the Antilles, and South America; and, lastly,
the cosmopolitans. In the third and fourth classes there are many
genera, while the number in the first and second is comparatively
small.

Very many of the valuable economic leguminous plants are found
on the island. Among the most important are: [Indigofera suffruticosa
(indigo), Haematoxylon campecheanum (logwood, campechy wood),
Pterocarpus officinalis (kino, American dragon's blood), Dolichos lablab
(seeds and pods), Vigna unguiculata (pods, seeds, and fiber), Phaseolus
vulgaris, Phaseolus lunatus, Cajanus indicus (seeds and young pods),
Pachyrhizus erosus (tuberous root), Arachis hypogaea (oil and seeds),
Abrus precatorius (red seeds used as ornaments, extremely poisonous),
Adenanthera pavonina (red seeds (condori) used as ornaments, eaten
cooked with rice), Albizzia lebbek (wood, gum, tanbark), .Calliandra
portoricensis (gum, “‘copaltic’’), Hymenaea courbaril (gum, ‘* Ameri-
ean copal,”’ wood), Stahlia monosperma (fine wood), Tamarindus
indica (fruit, pulp), Acacia farnesiana (fragrant flowers, falsely known
as ‘‘Cassia flowers,’”’ used in perfumery, roots and pods used for dyeing
black and, tanning), Clitoria ternatea, Sesbania grandiflora, Poinciana
regia, Cassia fistula, Cassia grandis, Bauhinia kappleri, Caesalpinia
gilliesii, Caesalpinia pulcherrima (ornamental plants). /nga vera, Lry-
thrina micropteryx, Pithecolobium saman, and others are used in shad-
ing coffee and cacao.

134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

A goodly number of tropical weeds are also represented here, some
being cosmopolitan, others occurring only in America. Such are
Mimosa pudica, Desmodium barbatum, D. triflorum (cosmopolitan),
D. ascendens, D. axillare, D. supinum, D. spirale, Cassia tora (cosmo-
politan), C. diphylla.

The economic facts and the vernacular names contained in the notes
have been obtained from Watt,* Urban,? Cook and Collins,* and
many other reliable sources. In connection with the descriptions ref-
erence has been made to Cook and Collins, Economic Plants of Porto
Rico,© whenever those authors mention a species, give a plate, or use
a name not adopted in this paper. <A large number of the species
described have been examined in the herbarium of the Royal Botan-
ical Museum in Berlin, especially valuable being the duplicates of Sin-
tenis, Schwanecke, and Bertero. From the herbarium material, from
the great English floras, and from Bentham’s classical monographs
has been derived much information in regard to geographical distribu-
tion. It has undoubtedly been of service in preparing this paper that
in various trips in the Tropics an opportunity has been given the
writer of seeing, in a living condition, a large number of the plants
_ described.

The nomenclature generally followed has been that of Urban,
although at times the Kew Index names have been used. Since the
appearance of Urban’s Flora Portoricensis® it has been necessary to
interpolate several new forms and names and to reduce to synonymy
a number of Bello’s species. Likewise the lists of localities have been
supplemented, as the material contained in the Berlin Herbarium was
not so complete as that of the West Indian Herbarium of Professor

Urban.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Flowers regular; petals valvate in the bud. : MIMOSOIDEAE.
Stamens indefinite, but at least more than 10.
Stamens consolidated at the base or united
and forming a tube; in several genera more
than a single carpel. (INGEAE.)
Leaves pinnate; style 1. 1. Inga (p. 140).
Leaves bipinnate (pinnae sometimes 1-
jugate bearing 1 to 3 leaflets); style 1.
Legume thick, compressed, coria-
ceous or somewhat fleshy, invo-
lute, curved, or almost straight, in-
dehiscent or dehiscent with con-
torted valves, sometimes separat-
ing into 1-seeded joints. 2. Pithecolobium (p. 141).

a Watt, George, A dictionary of the economic products of India, 1885-1893.

bSymbolae Antillanae, volume 4, pp. 262 to 312, 1905.

¢ Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 8, pages 57 to
269, 1903.

—_-

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO,

Legume flat, thin, indehiscent, or
dehiscent with valves that are not
contorted.

Legume straight or slightly curved;
valves separating elastically longi-
tudinally from apex to base.

Stamens free, the inner ones sometimes
united, forming a very short ring; carpel
always 1. (ACACIEAE.)

Stamens (as many as or) twice as many as petals.

Anthers eglandular. (EUMIMOSEAE.)

Valves of the legume separating from the
persistent sutural replum.

Legume flatly compressed.

Legume subquadrangular.

Valves of the legume adhering to the
sutural replum. =

Legume narrowly linear; seeds longi-
tudinal or oblique.

Legume broadly linear; seeds trans-
verse.

Anthers in the bud bearing a sessile or more
often stipitate gland, which usually has
disappeared at the time of flowering.

Seeds with endosperm. (ADENANTHE-
REAE.)

Flowers capitate.

Flowers spicate or racemose.

Seeds without endosperm. (PrprapE-
NIEAE.)

Flowers in globose heads (in the
Porto Rican species) or in spikes;
legume flat, 2-valved, valves con-
tinuous, entire.

Flowers in spikes; legume straight
or arcuate, sometimes of enormous
size, woody, coriaceous, or papery;
sutures more or less thickened,
persisting after the separation of
the 1-seeded articulations as a re-
plum.

Flowers zygomorphic, not papilionaceous; petals im-
bricate in the bud, the posterior one included in
estivation.

Leaves abruptly pinnate; calyx lobes free to the
disk; petals 0, 1, or 5; ovules 1 to4. (CYNOME-
TREAE.)

Leaves without black glandular dots; petals
on the outside levigate; stamens usually
glabrous.

Leaves on the under surface with black
glands; petals on the outside verrucose;
stamens lanate-pilose.

we)

6.

10.
id.

12.

13.

14.

15.

. Albizzia (p. 142).

. Calliandra (p.143 ).

. Acacia (p. 144).

. Mimosa (p. 147).
7. Schrankia (p. 146).

. Desmanthus (p. 148).

Leucaena (p. 146).

Neptunia (p. 148).
Adenanthera (p. 149).

Piptadenia (p. 150).

Entada (p. 150).

CAESALPINIOIDEAE.

Cynometra (p. 151).

Stahlia (p. 151).

135

156

Leaves simply pinnate, occasionally 2-foliolate;
calyx-lobes free to the disk, or perianth reduced
to scale or obsolete. (AMHERSTIEAE.)

Leaflets l-jugate.
Leaflets many-jugate.

Leaves simple, or 2-foliolate with more or less con-
nate leaflets. (BAUHINIEAE.)

Leaves simply pinnate; sepals 5, distinct or calyx
lobes free to the disk; petals 5 or fewer or none;
stamens 2 to 10, anthers basifixed or dorsifixed.
(CASSIEAE. )

Leaves simple (rarely digitate); sepals 4 or 5,
nearly equal, imbricate, more or less corolla-
ceous, the outer one somewhat larger than the
others; petals 4 or 5; stamens 3 or 4, the anthers
basifixed, opening with oblique introrse pores.
(KRAMERIEAE.) -

Leaves bipinnate; calyx divided to the disk;
petals usually 5, subequal or but slightly un-
equal; stamens 10. (EuCAESALPINTEAE. )

Common petiole very short, spine-pointed;
rachis of the pinnae very long, flat, phyl-
lodineous.

Common petiole plainly developed, not phyl-
lodineous.

Calyx segments valvate in estivation.
Flowers showy.
Calyx segments strongly imbricate in
estivation.
Legume dehiscing lengthwise in the
middle of the valves.
Legume indehiscent or dehiscing
lengthwise at the sutures.
Flowers zygomorphic, papilionaceous; posterior petal
(standard) outside in the bud.

Stamens 10, all free. (SopHoREAE.)

Pods winged; leaves with pellucid glandular
lines and dots.

Pods not winged.

A large tree; pods continuous.
A shrub; pods constricted between the
seeds.

Stamens 10, monadelphous; pod 2-valved, not ar-
ticulate; erect herbs or shrubs, with simple or
digitately trifoliolate leaves. (GENISTEAE.)

Tube of the stamens slit along the top; style
abruptly bent near the base.

Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; pod
2-valved, not articulated; erect, rarely climb-
ing herbs, shrubs, or trees with imparipinnate
leaves. (GALEGEAE.)

Anthers with glandular, apiculate or penicil-
late-pilose connective; plants with malpi-
ghiaceous hairs, i. e., appressed hairs at-
tached by the middle. (INDIGOFERINAE. )

16.
17.

18.

19.

28.

29

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Hymenaea (p. 152).
Tamarindus (p. 152).

Bauhinia (p. 153).

Cassia (p. 155).

. Krameria (p. 163).

. Parkinsonia (p. 163).

. Poinciana (p. 165).

2. Haematorylum (p. 164).

. Caesalpinia (p. 165).

PAPILIONATAE.

Myrospermum (p. 168).

. Ormosia (p. 168).

. Sophora (p. 169).

Crotalaria (p. 170).

. Indigofera (p. 172).

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAF OF PORTO RICO,

Connective not appendiculate; plants very
rarely clothed with malpighiaceous hairs.

Seeds usually 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4; pod
small, l-seeded, indehiscent; herbs or
shrubs with glandular dots. (Psora-
LIINAE. )

Seeds usually several or more, rarely
with glandular hairs, very rarely with
glandular dots.

Inflorescence or racemes usually ter-
minal, or terminal and axillary.
(TEPHROSIINAE. )

Style not bearded (rarely a
small tuft of hairs on the
stigma in Tephrosia); petals
with short claws.

Style bearded longitudinally in-
side; petals with very long
claws; calyx long-tubuliform.

Inflorescence always axillary; stipe
of the ovary without a discus at
the base. (ROBINIINEAE.)

Pod not septate within.

Leaflets without — stipels;
stigma terminal; stipules
small setaceous.

Leaves imparipinnate.
Leaves paripinnate.
Leaflets with small stipels;

stigma below the some-
what hooked apex of the
style; stipules stiff, some-
times spinous.

Pod with transverse partitions
between the seeds.

Style long-bearded on the
inner side.

Style glabrous.

Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; pod
articulated; usually erect herbs or shrubs, with
imparipinnate leaves. (HEDYSAREAE.)

Upper stamen free toward the middle or con-
nate with the others from the base; leaflets
stipellate. (DESMODIINAE.)

Pod compressed, straight; calyx herba-
ceous.

Pod terete, straight; calyx glumaceous.

Stamens all united in a sheath more or less
split on both the upper and the lower edges
dividing the stamens into two bundles;
flowers in axillary, usually few-flowered
racemes, more rarely fascicled in the axils
of the leaves; leaves pinnate; leaflets nu-

30. Dalea (p. 173).

31. Tephrosia (p. 174).

32. Barbieria (p. 175).

33. Gliricidia (p. 176).
35. Sabinea (p. 177).

34. Corynella (p. 177).

36. Cracca (p. 178).
37. Sesbania (p. 179).

43. Desmodium (p. 185).

44,

Alysicarpus (p. 191).

138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

merous, more rarely 1 to 3, without stipels.
( AESCHYNOMENINAE. )

Stamen sheath split on the upper edge or
entire.

Stamen sheath split on the under edge
and soon after florescence also more or
less on the upper edge.

Stamens all connate in a closed tube, the an-
thers alternately longer and fixed near the
base and shorter and versatile; flowers in
terminal or axillary spikes or heads, rarely
somewhat racemose; leaves pinnate, usu-
ally with few leaflets, not stipellate. (Sry-
LOSANTHINAE. )

Calyx with an elongated filiform tube;
leaves pinnate.

Pod small, distinctly articulated,
hooked at the end, ripening in the
air; leaves pinnate with only 3
leaflets; flowers small, terminal or
axillary, in dense hispidulous
spikes.

Pod large, not articulated, not
hooked at the end, ripening in the
soil; leaves pinnate, usually with
4, seldom with 3 leaflets; flowers
rather large, solitary, axillary with
long pedicels.

Calyx tube not elongated; leaves digi-
tate, with 2 or 4 leaflets.

Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; pod
indehiscent; erect or scandent shrubs or trees,
with imparipinnate leaves and entire leaflets.
(DALBERGIEAE. )

Pod membranous, papyraceous, or coriaceous
to ligneous, often compressed and winged,
in any case not drupaceous.

Leaflets alternate, rarely reduced to 1.
(PTEROCARPINAE. )

Anthers small, terminal, erect, the
cells dehiscing by a small apical
slit; pod suborbicular.

Anthers dorsifixed, opening longitu-
dinally.

Calyx blunt at the base, brac-
teoles usually somewhat or-
bicular; standard silky out-
side; pod thickly coriaceous.

Calyx turbinate at the base;
bracteoles small, deciduous;
standard glabrous; pod pa-
pyraceous or thinly coria-
ceous, more or less incrassated
in the center.

38. Pictetia (p. 180).

39. Aeschynomene (p. 181).

40. Stylosanthes (p. 183).

41. Arachis (p. 184).

42. Zornia (p. 185).

45. Dalbergia (p. 192).

46. Drepanocarpus (p. 193).

47. Pterocarpus (p. 194).

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 139

Leaflets opposite, very rarely alternate,
rarely reduced to 1. (LONCHOCARP-

INAE.)
Pod not winged. 48. Lonchocar pus (p. 194).
Pod with 4 wings. 49. Piscidia (p. 196).
Pod drupaceous. (GEOFFRAEINAE.) 50. Andira (p. 196).
Stamens 10, usually diadelphous; pod 2-valved;
leaves ending inatendril. (VicteAkr.) 51. Abrus (p. 197).

Stamens 10, diadelphous or monadelphous; pod
2-valved, not articulate; scandent (rarely
erect) shrubs or herbs, with usually pinnately
trifoliolate leaves, often stipellate. (PHASE-
OLEAE. )

Upper stamen free or more or less united
with the others; style glabrous above,
rarely pilose below, very rarely bearded

* longitudinally on the inner side (Cli-
toria); nodes of the racemes not swollen.

(GLYCININAE. )
Style bearded longitudinally on the
inner side. 52. Clitoria (p. 198).
Style glabrous.
Standard spurred over the claw or
at least with a tubercle. 53. Centrosema (p. 199).
Standard without spur or tubercle. 54. Teramnus (p. 201).

Upper stamen free or more or less united;
style glabrous or pilose below; either the
standard or the keel very large, larger than
the other petals. (EryTHRININAE.)

Standard the largest of the petals.
Leaves with 3 leaflets; calyx bila-
biate or spathaceous, — rarely
equally 5-toothed; trees or erect
shrubs. 99° Erythrina (p. 202).
Leaves with | leaflet; calyx with 4
segments, the two lateral small or
indistinct; twining herbs.
Keel the largest of the petals.

Style glabrous or pilose below; upper sta-
men free; nodes of the racemes swollen.
(GALACTIINAE. )

Calyx segments 5, the upper one being

~,

or
for)

. Rudolphia (p. 203).
. Mucuna (p. 204).

or
~—I

2-toothed or bifid. 58. Calopogonium (p. 206).
Calyx segments 4, the upper one con-
sisting of 2 united. 59. Galactia (p. 206).

Style glabrous or pilose below; upper sta-
men free at the base, above more or less
connate with the others; nodes of the ra-
cemes swollen. (DIOCLEINAE.)
Calyx with 4 subequal segments. 60. Dioclea (p. 209).
Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip very
large, entire or bifid, the lower lip
very small; the upper suture of the
pod incrassated or 2-winged. 61. Canavalia (p. 209).

140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, -
Style glabrous or pilose below; upper sta-
men free; leaves gland-dotted. (CaJAN-
INAE.)
Seeds 4 to many. 62. Cajanus (p. 210).
Seeds 2, very rarely 3. 63. Rhynchosia (p. 211).
Style bearded longitudinally on the inner :
side or penicillate at the apex. (PHASEO-
LINAE.) :
Keel twisted spirally. 64. Phaseolus (p. 213).
Keel truncate or with a curved beak,
not spirally twisted.
Stigma subsessile, oblique, inflexed |
or inserted below the apex of the
style.
Stigma very oblique, inflexed. 65. Vigna (p. 216).
Stigma subsessile, on the inner .
side of the style which is .
dilated at the apex. 66. Pachyrhizus (p. 218). ’
Stigma terminal, not oblique. 67. Dolichos (p. 219).

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

1. INGA Scop.

Inga Scop. Introd. 298. 1777.
Amosa Necx. Elem. 2: 459. 1790.

Flewers 5 or 6-merous; calyx tubular or campanulate, dentate or broadly lobed;
corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, the petals connate to the middle or beyond it;
stamens indefinite, more or less united arid forming a tube, long-exserted; ovary
sessile; seeds numerous; legume linear, straight or somewhat curved, flat, quadrangu-
lar or almost terete, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, almost always with thickened
sutures, sub-dehiscent, pulpy between the seeds or rarely without pulp.—Trees or
shrubs with pinnate leaves; rachis winged between the leaflets or sometimes not,
almost always bearing sessigor stipitate glands; flowers often very large and tomen-
tose, in umbels or globose héads, sometimes in oval elongated spikes, solitary or in
fascicles, axillary or in crowdéd compound racemes on the ends of the branches.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Stem, leaves, and flowers rusty brown tomentose or pubescent;

rachis winged between the leaflets. 1. I. vera.
Stem, leaves, and flowers glabrous; rachis not winged between the
leaflets. 2. I. laurina.

1. Inga vera Willd.
(Urban, 263.) 4

A large tree; leaflets 4 to 6-jugate, oval or elliptical-oblong, the largest 17 em. long,
7 cm. wide, sessile, spikes 10 to 13 em. long; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long; calyx 1 em.
long; corolla 1.5 cm. long; stamens white, legume about 20 cm. long.

In woods near Bayamon; near dwellings on Mount Jimenez, at Sierra de Luquillo;
near Los Mameyes; between Aguas Buenas and Caguas, along roads; on Mount Mesa,
near Mayaguez.—Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad (Grisebach), Central America, Colombia.

a The references under the species names are to the full synonymy given by Urban,
Symbolae Antillanae, volume 4. All the pages cited, 262 to 312, were issued in 1905.

Baik ait ns

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 141

Inga vera is used extensively for shade in coffee plantations. (Cook and Collins,
p. 167.) The bark of the tree is employed as an astringent, and in Guadaloupe for
tanning and dyeing; the sweet pulp is often eaten, and it is also used in catarrhal
maladies.

Local names, guava, guaba.

2. Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.
(Urban, 262.)

Tree 10 to 15 meters high; leaflets 2-jugate, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse or obtuse-
acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, the largest 7 to 12 cm. long; spikes axillary, elon-
gated; flowers white; calyx 1.5 mm. long; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; legume oblique at
the base, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide.

In woods near Bayamon; near Juncos on Mount Goyo; Sierra de Yabucoa on Mount
Cerro Gordo; near Maunabo, on Mount Mala Pasqua in the town in Utuado; near Cabo
Rojo; near Mayaguez.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), St. John (Eggers), St.
Kitts, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Bentham) St. Vincent,
Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad (Bentham).

Ee to Cook and Collins (p. 167) this species is second in importance only to
Inga vera as a shade tree for coffee

Local name, guama.

2. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart.

Pithecolobium Marv. Flora 207: Beibl. 114. 1837.
Spiroloba Rav. Sylva Tellur. 119. 1838.
Cathormion Hassk. Retzia 1: 231. 1855.

Flowers 5-merous, seldom 6-merous, hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous; calyx
campanulate or tubular, short-dentate; corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, petals con-
nate beyond the middle; stamens indefinite, often connate; ovary sessile or stipitate,
ovules numerous; legume compressed, circinate, curved, or almost straight, coriace-
ous or somewhat fleshy, two-valved, the ia after the dehiscence often twisted,
oftener indehiscent or in some species separating into l-seeded segments; seeds flat,
ovate or circular, often imbedded in a fleshy pulp; funiculus filiform or forming an: a
Trees and shrubs, the majority of which are unarmed, although many have thorny
stipules; leaves bipinnate; flowers red or white; inflorescence capitate or spicate,
axillary (or sometimes corymbose, racemose, or panicled at the extremities).

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaflets glabrous beneath.

Pinnae 2 to 5-jugate, leaflets 2 to 8-jugate. 1. P. saman.
Pinnae 8 to 12-jugate, leaflets 20 to 30-jugate. 2. P. arboreum.
Leaflets pubescent beneath. 3. P. unguis-cati.

1. Pithecolobium saman (Jacq.) Benth
(Urban, 264.)

A large tree; leaflets oblique, ovate-oblong or suborbiculate, 2 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to
2.5 cm. wide; flowers rose-colored, in a globose head; calyx 8 mm. long; corolla 1.5
em. long; legume 18 to 20 em. long, 1.25 to 2.50 cm. wide.

Doubtiully indigenous. Near Bayamon at Catafo; near Manati on the way to
Arecibo. Cuba, Jamaica (introduced, Bentham), St. Thomas (introduced, Eggers),
St. Croix (do.), Guadeloupe (cultivated), Martinique (cultivated), St. Lucia (Grise-
bach), Trinidad (Hart). Native country, Central and South America.

142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Flowers and fruit, March to May. The pods are much eaten by cattle. According
to Hart (cited in Cook and Collins, p. 221) ‘the tree gives a fine shade for ‘Guinea grass’
pastures and it is also an excellent one for planting in ordinary ‘low-bite’ pastures, both
for the benefit of herbage and also as a shade for the cattle.”

Local name, saman.

2. Pithecolobium arboreum (L.) Urb.
(Urban, 264.)

Forest tree 15 to 20 meters high, unarmed; leaflets oblique, falcate-oblong, somewhat
obtuse, shining, dark green, 10 to 12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; flowers whitish green in
globose heads; calyx 2.5 mm. long; corolla 6.6 mm. long; legume red, 7 to 8 cm. long,
7 mm. wide; seeds black.

In woods near Bayamon; near Cayey at Las Cruces; near Utuado, in rocky districts
at Los Angeles; near Mayaguez; near Quebradillas.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Mexico,
Central America.

Local names, cojoba, cojébana.

3. Pithecolobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth.
(Urban, 263.)

Tree 3 to 5 meters high, armed; leaflets obovate, orbicular or broadly oblong, strongly
oblique, obtuse, 4 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. broad; flowers whitish, in elongated heads;
ealyx 1 to 2 mm. long; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; legume 10 to 12 cm. long, 7 mm. wide.

On the coast near Fajardo; near Ponce at Tallaboa in thickets; near Guanica on
declivities at Punta de la Meseta; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo in woods on the coast.—
South Florida (Chapman) and Keys, Bahama, Cuba (A. Richard), Jamaica, Haiti, St.
Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Bar-
buda, St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadaloupe, Les Saintes (Duss), Marie Galante
(do.), Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent (do.), Bequia, Mus-
tique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 250), Union (do.), Barbadoes, Grenada, Trinidad, Vene-
zuela, New Grenada.

The bark of P. unguis-cati is a much-valued medicament, and it is this tree that
furnishes the siliciferous wood of the Antilles.

Local names, ufa de gato, rolon, black bead; near Guayanilla called ‘‘escambron
colorado” (Cook and Collins).

3. ALBIZZIA Duraz.
Albizzia Duraz. Mag. Tosc. 34: 11. 1772.

Flowers usually 5-merous, hermaphrodite or more rarely polygamous; calyx tubular
or campanulate, toothed or shortly lobed; corolla funnel-formed; petals united one-
half their length or more; stamens indefinite, united at the base only or in a long-
exserted sheath; legume broadly linear, straight, flat, thin, indehiscent, or dehiscent
with 2 inelastic valves not contorted after dehiscence, continuous, without pulp.—
Trees or shrubs unarmed; leaves bipinnate, leaflets small and numerous or few and
large; flowers white, rose, rarely purple, in globose heads or cylindrical spikes, axillary
or racemose toward the extremities.

1. Albizzia lebbek (L.) Benth.¢
(Urban, 264.)

Tree, unarmed; pinnae 2 to 4-jugate; leaflets, 5 to 9-jugate, oval-oblong or oblong,
3 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, unequal sided, very obtuse, the petiole bearing an

2 For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 15, facing p. 70,

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 143

oval gland above its base; flowers white, pedicellate, in long-peduncled clusters;
calyx 6 mm. long; corolla 9 mm. long; legume flat-compressed, indehiscent or the
valves tardily separated, glabrous 18 to 36 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide.

Seemingly spontaneous and cultivated near Bayamon; near Catafio; near Yabucoa
on the coast; near Coamo along roads toward Banos; near Mayaguez at Algarrobo.—
Bahama, Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stock- .
holm herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia
(Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 250), Trinidad, Curagao. . Native country, southern and eastern
Asia, tropical Africa.

Albizzia lebbek is an ornamental tree that is exceedingly good for avenues. Its roots
do not penetrate very deep. It grows rapidly, flourishes in almost any soil, and may
be propagated by cuttings. The wood seasons, works, and polishes well and is fairly
durable, while the bark is used as a tan. bark. From this tree is procured a gum that
is said not to be soluble in water, but to merely form a jelly; it resembles gum arabic.

Local names, amor platonico, flamboydn. The last name is used for Albizzia lebbek,
as well as for Poinciana regia, according to Urban.

4. CALLIANDRA Benth.

Anneslia Satiss. Parad. Lond. pl. 64. 1807.
Annesleya G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 396. 1832, as section.
Calliandra BentH. Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 137, 138. 1840.

Flowers 5 or 6-merous, polygamous; calyx campanulate, toothed, rarely deeply
divided; corolla campanulate or funnel-form, segments united to the middle;
stamens indefinite, connate at the base or beyond it, much exserted, glandular-hairy,
the anthers rarely glabrous; legume linear, straight or somewhat curved, narrowed at
the base, flat, continuous, the sutural margins prominent, seldom terete, 2-valved, the
valves separating elastically from apex to base.—Shrubs or small trees, usually armed;
stipules membranaceous or foliaceous, persistent, sometimes transformed into thorns;
leaves bipinnate; flowers showy, red or white, often with very long stamens, solitary
or axillary.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Shrub, unarmed; pinnae 2 to 4-jugate; leaflets 10 to 25-jugate;

calyx deeply toothed, ciliate on the margin; petals united

only a little above the base, outside glabrous. 1. C. portoricensis.
Shrub, armed; pinnae 1-jugate; leaflets 4 to 9-jugate, rarely 13-

jugate; calyx shortly toothed, glabrous; corolla united two-

thirds or three-fourths of its length, outside densely sericeous-

pilose. 2. C. haematostoma.

1. Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth.
(Urban, 265.)

Shrub 1 to 4 meters high or tree 8 meters high, unarmed; leaflets linear or linear-
oblong, 5 to 12 mm. long, glabrous; peduncle very slender; flowers white; calyx 2.5
mm. long; corolla 10 mm. long; legume linear, straight, 7 to 12 cm. long, 8 mm. wide,
chartaceous, glabrous.

In woods and copses near Bayamon; near Fajardo on Mount Mula; near Juncos on
calcareous mountains toward Florida, near Humacao; near Maunabo on Mount Mala
Pasqua; near Cayey on the upper and lower Maton River and at Planaje and on Mount
Cedro; near Coamo at Farajones, near Petuelas on calcareous mountains near Tallaboa-
Poniente; near Guanica at El Maniel; in moist land on the edge of the forest between

25734—vo. 10, pr 4—07——2

144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Barina and La Boca, and in the coast districts near Laguna; near Lares on declivities
at Barrio Piletas; near Quebradillas; between Isabela and Quebradillas; near Toa
Baja.—Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, Vieques (Eggers),
St. John, Grenada. Tropical continental America, tropical western Africa.
This shrub yields a gum, copaltic, that is used as a medicament in the West Indies,
Local names, cojobillo, morir vivir cimarron, zarza boba (Urban); acacia puertoriquefia
(Cook and Collins),

2. Calliandra haematostoma (Bertero) Benth.
(Urban, 265.

Shrub, armed; 2 to3 meters high; leaflets oblong, obtuse, 3 to 7 mm. long, glabrous,
subciliate; peduncle very short; stipules spiny or with spines at their base; corolla
5 mm. long; stamens red; anthers white; legume 8 to 10 cm. long, linear, villous-
pubescent, coriaceous.

Near Guayanilla, on calcareous rocks of the coast at Pefiion, rare.—Bahama (Ben-
tham), Cuba (Bentham), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas in Flaghill, not often found, with
flowers in October (Eggers).

5. ACACIA Willd.

Sassa prucE; J. F. Gmelin, Syst. 2: 1038. 1791.
Acacia Wiuup. Sp. Pl. 4: 1049. 1806.
Phyllodoce Link, Handb. 2: 182. 1831.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous; calyx campanulate, toothed or lobed, the
sepals seldom distinct or wanting; petals free or united, more or less connate, rarely
united with the stamens, rarely wanting; stamens numerous, free o¥ slightly and .
irregularly consolidated at the base; ovary sessile or stipitate, 1 to many-seeded;
legume oval, linear or oblong, straight, curved or twisted, flat, convex or terete, mem-
branous, coriaceous or woody, 2-valved or indehiscent, continuous or septate within,
rarely with pulp, very seldom separating into segments; seeds usually oval, compressed,
often with an aril.

Trees, rarely herbs, unarmed or with prickles or thorns; leaves bipinnate, with
multijugate leaflets, or reduced to a phyllodium; stem glands more or less conspicuoys;
stipules small or wanting, membranous, rarely transformed into a curved thorn;
flower-heads pedunculate, yellow, rarely white, 1 or 2-fasciculate in the axils of the
leaves, or racemose at the extremities.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Armed.
Ligneous plant, sometimes scandent; stem, branches, and pe-
duncle armed with small recurved prickles; pinnae 6 to 12-
jugate; leaflets 15 to 40-jugate; legume stipitate, 10 to 20 cm.
long, | to 1.5 cm. wide, glabrous or glauco-tomentose, thin. 1. A. riparia.
Small tree or shrub; stipular spines slender, straight; pinnae
2 to 8; leaflets 10 to 25-jugate; legume sessile, turgid, cylin-
drical or subfusiform, straight or curved, glabrous, 5 to 7 cm.
long, 9 mm. wide. 2. A. farnesiana.
Unarmed.
Tree; flowers spicate; pinnae 4 to 6-jugate; leaflets 10 to 16-
jugate, ovate-elliptic or bfdadly oblong, oblique, obtuse, at
length coriaceous, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide. 3. A. nudiflora.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 145
1. Acacia riparia H. B. K.

(Urban, 266.)

Shrub 2 to 8 meters high or tree 15 meters high; leaflets oblong, linear, 5 mm. long,
1mm. wide; flowers white; corolla 2.2 to 3.3 mm. long.

Near Bayamon, in thickets; near Juncos, on Mount Florida; near Maunabo, on
Punta de la Tuna and near Punta Mala Pasqua; near Cayey on Morillos Brook; near
Coamo, in thickets on the Yuey River toward Salinas; near Guanica, in thickets on the
coast around the lagoon; near Cabo Rojo, on hills toward Guanajibo; near Mayaguez,

‘on the slopes of Mount Mesa; near Maricao, on Mount Alegrillo; near Afiasco; near
Rincon, on the mountains at Calvache; near Aguadilla in thickets.—Jamaica (Grise-
bach), Haiti (Lamarck Herbarium), St. Thomas, St. Croix (West), St. Martin (Stock-
holm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Marti-
nique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, tropical South America.

Local name, zarza.

2. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.

(Urban, 265.)

A large shrub; leaflets linear, 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide.

Near Bayamon, in gardens; near Coamo, about Los Banos; near Guanica on Mount
Puerco; near Cabo Rojo, at Salinas in forests on the seashore and at Puerto Real; near
Anasco, on Tula range.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas, St.
Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (Stock-
holm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St.
Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, warmer regions of the
earth.

So generally cultivated for the perfume of its flowers and so frequently established
as an escape from cultivation, that it is difficult to determine where it is really indige-
nous. It appears, however, to be so in western America, from northern Chile to Texas,
not, perhaps, in Brazil nor Guiana.

Abundant in tropical and subtropical northern central Australia, and in the interior
of northeastern Australia, and perhaps also really indigenous in south tropical Africa,
but introduced only in East India,‘northern tropical Africa, and the Mediterranean
region.

The roots and pods of this plant have an alliaceous odor and in the Antilles are used
for tanning, dyeing black, and in baths. The fragrant flowers (in trade falsely known
as cassia flowers—cassie of the French) are much used in the making of perfumery. A
gum exudes from the stem in considerable quantities. It is considered superior to
gum arabic in the arts and in medicine. The wood is white, close-grained, hard, and
tough.

Local name, aromo. ad

3. Acacia nudiflora Willd.

(Urban, 266.)

Tree 8 to 15 meters high; flowers white or yellow-white, later becoming brown;
legume shortly stipitate, straight or a little curved, flat, 10 cm. long, 1.3 to 1.9 cm.
wide, the valves coriaceous.

Near Fajardo, on the mountains toward Ceiba and in clayey soil of the seashore;
near Naguabo, in forests on the coast at Candelero; near Yabucoa, in thickets on the

coast at Puerto de la Vaca.—Haiti (Grisebach), St. Thomas, St. John (Bentham),
Antigua (Grisebach), Gaudeloupe, Dominica, Martinique.

Local names, cojoba, cojébana, tamarindo cimarron (Urban); acacia nudosa (Cook &

Collins).

146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

6. LEUCAENA Benth.
Leucaena Bentu. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 416. 1842.

Flowers 5-merous, sessile, usually hermaphrodite; calyx tubulgr-campanulate,
dentate; corolla free; stamens 10, exserted; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style fili-
form; legume stipitate, broadly linear, flat, coriaceous, 2-valved, the valves continu-
ous; seeds flat, ovate, transverse.—Trees or shrubs, unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the
rachis with or without glands; the leaflets small, multijugate, or large and pauciju-
gate; stipules minute; flower-heads white, axillary, fascicled, or racemose at the
extremities.

1. Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth.

(Urban, 266.)

Tree 10 to 20 meters high, rarely a shrub, unarmed; pinnae 4 to 8-jugate; leaflets
10 to 20-jugate, oblong-linear, pointed, oblique at the base, 11 to 16 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide; flowers minute, white; legume glabrous, 10 to 15 cm. long; seeds compressed,
transverse to the valves.

Near Bayamon, in mountain forests and thickets; near Comerio, in thickets; near
Coamo, in the valley of Quebrada, Morena brook; near Guanica, in the forest of
Mount El Maniel; near Mayaguez.—Bermuda, Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman
(Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm
Herbarium), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique,
St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 250), Mustique (do.), Barbados, Grenada,
Tobago, Trinidad, Curagao. In the warmer regions of both hemispheres, but proba-
bly indigenous only in tropical America.

The firm wood of Leucaena glauca is used for making tools, and the young fruit
and the ripe seeds are eaten raw with rice. By some authors given as a tree (Urban),
by others as a shrub (Stahl, cited by Cook and Collins, p. 175).

Local names, acacia pdlida (Urban); hediondilla (Cook and Collins).

7. SCHRANKIA Willd.

Schrankia Witxp. Sp. Pl. 4: 1041. 1806, not Medic. 1792.
Leptoglottis DC. Mem. Legum. 451. 1825.

Schranckia Bentu. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 413. 1842.
Morongia Brirron, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 191. May, 1894.

Flowers 5 or 4-merous, pedicellate, hermaphrodite or polygamous; calyx minute;
corolla funnel-form, the segments connate to the middle; stamens twice as many as
the petals, free or cohering at the base, exserted; ovary subsessile, multiovulate;
style filiform; legume linear, subquadrangular, aculeate throughout with spreading
prickles, *the valves separating from the persistent sutural replum; seeds oblong,
quadrangular.—Herbs or undershrubs, armed with short recurved prickles; leaves
bipinnate; flower-heads globose, white or purple, axillary, solitary or fascicled, the
stamens in the male flowers often flatly compressed.

1. Schrankia portoricensis Urb.@
(Urban, 267.)

Shrub, climbing; branches glabrous or at leaf insertions slightly hairy; leaves 7 to
12 cm. long with petioles 3 to 4 cm. long; pinnae 4 to 7-jugate; leaflets 15 to 20-jugate,
linear, obtuse or somewhat acute, 3 to 6 mm. long, the veins inconspicuous, gla-
brous; flower heads axillary, solitary, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, light yellow; calyx

@ Cook and Collins, p. 194, as Morongia distachya.

A. A en i ee ii th

—— ero”

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 147

minute, } as long as the corolla, cupulate, slightly divided, with 6 to 8 substipitate
glands on the margin; corolla 3 mm. long; legume subsessile, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter,
1.5 to 4 em. long, aculeate; seeds subrectangular, 4.5 to 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
black.

Near Coamo, in the mountain forests of San Ildefonso and on shady slopes in El
Tendal Valley. Indigenous.

Local name, cuernecillo.

8. MIMOSA L.

Mimosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 516. 1753.
Lomoplis Rar. Sylva Tellur. 118. 1838.

Flowers 4 or 5, rarely 3 to 6-merous, hermaphrodite or polygamous; calyx usually
small, sometimes wanting or paleaeform, often laciniate or fimbriate, rarely campan-
ulate and short-toothed; corolla campanulate or funnelform; stamens (as many as
or) twice as many as the petals, free, exserted; ovary sessile or substipitate, 2 to
many-seeded; style filamentose; legume oblong or linear, compressed, rarely incras-
sated, membranous or coriaceous, valves separating entire or in transverse segments
from the persistent sutural replum; seeds ovate or oblong, flat.—Decumbent or erect
herbs, scandent undershrubs, or trees, unarmed or aculeate; leaves bipinnate, rarely
wanting or reduced to a leaflike stem; petiolar glands present; flowers small, in glo-
bose heads or cylindrical spikes, axillary or racemose toward the extremities, soli-
tary or fascicled.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Pinnae 2-jugate, rarely 1-jugate; leaflets 15 to 25-jugate; petiole and
peduncle unarmed; legume 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, covered
with recurved bristles. 1. M. pudica.
Pinnae 3 to 5-jugate; leaflets 3-jugate; petiole and peduncle armed;
legume 5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, with large recurved prickles
on the margins. 2. M. ceratonia.
1. Mimosa pudica L.

(Urban, 267.)

Undershrub or an herb, often scandent, armed with infrastipular and scattered
prickles; leaflets oblong-linear, pointed, ciliate with adpressed bristles, glabrescent,
10 to 11 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, membranous; flower-heads oval.

Near Bayamon; near Maricao, along roads; near Mayaguez, around the fortress.—
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua (do.),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago,
Trinidad. Continental tropical America, tropical Asia, probably introduced.

A common weed in most parts of the region, naturalized also in many parts of tropical
Africa.

A medicament is made from the roots, leaves, and seeds of Mimosa pudica that is
used by the country people.

Local names, morivivi, morir-vivir, sensitiva. Sensitive plant.

2. Mimosa ceratonia L.
(Urban, 267.)

Shrub 4 meters high, decumbent or ascending; branches and petioles armed with
small recurved prickles; leaflets obovate or orbiculate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, membran-
ous, 3-nerved; flower-heads globose, racemose toward the.extremities; white.

Near Bayamon; near Yabucoa, in mountain woods at Guayabota; near Maunabo, in
thickets at Punta de la Tuna; near Mayaguez, on the slopes of Mount Mesa; near Manati

148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

in the primeval forest of Mount Mala Pasqua.—St. Thomas, St. Croix (West), Antigua
(Grisebach), Gaudeloupe, Doninica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Bentham), St. Vincent.
This plant is perhaps found on the South American continent, but M. obovata is
often mistaken for it.
Local name, zarza.

9. DESMANTHUS Willd.

Acuan Mepic. Theod. 62. 1786.
Desmanthus Wiiup. Sp. Pl. 4: 1044. 1805.
Desmanthea DC. Prod. 2: 444. 1825, as section.

Flowers 5-merous, sessile, hermaphrodite or the lower ones male or neuter; calyx
campanulate, shortly toothed; petals free or slightly cohering; stamens 10 or 5, free,
exserted; ovary subsessilg, multiovulate; style subulate, or sometimes incrassate above;
stigma terminal, truncate, concave; legume linear, straight or curved, compressed, con-
tinuous or slightly septate, 2-valved, the valves adhering to the sutural replum; seeds
compressed, subrhomboidal. Perennial herbs or undershrubs; leaves bipinnate,
leaflets small; stipules setaceous, persistent; flower-heads subglobose, often pauciflorous,
solitary, axillary.

1. Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.
(Urban, 268.)

Undershrub, decumbent or ascending, 2 to3 meters high; pinnae 1 to 7-jugate, petiole
bearing an ovate-oblong gland between the lowest pair; leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, oblong-
linear, 5 to 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; flower-heads with a few white flowers, 5 to 9 mm.
in diameter; legume straight or slightly faleate, 6 to 8 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, 20 to
30-seeded. .

Near Guanica, on the seashore at Cafio Gordo and on dry grassy tracts around the
lagoon; near Mayaguez, at the fortress.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti,
Gaudeloupe, Martinique, Grenada. Tropical and subtropical America; common from
Buenos Ayres to the West Indies. Tropical Asia; probably introduced into East India.

Local name, desmanto rayado.

2. Desmanthus virgatus strictus (Bertol.) Griseb.
(Urban, 268.)

Shrub 0.5 to 2 meters high or small tree 3 to 4 meters high; flowers white.

Near Fajardo, on roadside; near Aibonito, between Algarrobo and Cariblanco; near
Coamo, about Salinas; near Pefiuelas, on shady slopes of Mount Llano; near Guanica,
on the margins of woods between La Boca and Barinas and about lagoons; near Salinas
de Cabo Rojo, in the coast districts, near Aguadilla.—Bahama, Cuba, Haiti, St. Thomas,
St. Croix, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Martinique, St. Vincent, Bar-
bados, Tobago.

Variety strictus in Porto Rico and also in the other islands differs obviously from the
type and is easily distinguished from it. .

10. NEPTUNIA Lour.

Neptunia Lowur. Fl. Cochinch. 2: 653. 1790.
Hemidesma Rar. Sylva Tellur. 119. 1838.

Flowers 5-merous, sessile, the upper hermaphrodite, the lower masculine or neuter;
calyx campanulate, shortly toothed; petals cohering to the middle or free; stamens 10,
rarely 5, exserted; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style filiform, with a small, terminal,
concave stigma; legume shortly and broadly oblong, oblique and almost at right angles
with the short stipes, the apex rounded but witha distinct apiculum, compressed, thinly

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 149

coriaceous or submembranous, 2-valved, the valves depressed between the seeds or
indistinctly septate; seeds transverse, ovate.—Perennial herbs or decumbent or aquatic
undershrubs, stems usually compressed or triangular; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets
small; stipules membranous, obliquely cordate; flower heads ovat e-globose, axillary,
solitary, the lower neuter flowers with elongated petaloid staminodia.

1. Neptunia plena (L.) Benth.
(Urban, 268.)

Undershrub, decumbent or ascending; pinnae 2 or 3-jugate, the petiole bearing a
gland between the lowest pair; leaflets 14 to 20-jugate, narrowly linear, 4 to 7 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide; bracts in the middle of the peduncle alternate, cordate, longer per-
sistent than in other species; flower-heads oval, the flowers yellow, the calyx 2 mm.
long; corolla 3.5 mm. long; anthers brown; legume stipitate, at length deflexed, 3 to 4
em. long, 1 em. wide, 5 to 20-seeded.

Near Maunabo, at Punta de la Tuna; near Guanica, on the swampy shore of the
lagoon toward La Plata; between Vega Baja and Dorado, in sandy districts; near
Dorado, on inundated sandy land.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti,
Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Union (Kew Bull. no. 81,
p- 249), Grenada, Curacao, South America, tropical Asia (introduced).

The plant figured in the Botanical Register@ as N. plena, and described as having a
spongy floating stem, was probably JN. oleracea.

Local name, desmanto amarillo.

11. ADENANTHERA lL.

Adenanthera L. Sp. Pl. 1: 384. 1753.
Stachychrysum Boj. Hort. Maurit. 114. 1837.
Gonsit ApDANS. Fam. 2: 318. 1763.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, 5-merous, substipitate; calyx campanulate,
shortly toothed; corolla segments coherent below or free; stamens 10, free, scarcely
exserted; ovary sessile, multiovulate, style filiform, stigma small, terminal; legume
linear, usually curved, compressed or often turgid over the seeds, usually ineurved
or faleate, 2-valved, usually septate; seeds scarlet or two-colored, thick, the testa
hard, smooth.—Trees, unarmed; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small, multijugate; flow
ers white or yellowish; racemes often elongated, solitary or fascicled in the axils or
panicled at the extremities.

1. Adenanthera pavonina L.

(Urban, 269.)

Tree, 5 to 8 meters high; pinnae 2 to 5-jugate; leaflets 6 to 10-jugate, ovate or oblong-
elliptical, 2.6 to 5 em. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. broad, very obtuse, glabrous; flowers in
racemes; calyx 1 mm. long; corolla 3.5 mm. long; legume 10 to 27 cm. long, 1 to 1.5
em. wide, brown outside, golden yellow inside, linear, compressed, incurved; seeds
scarlet, smooth.

Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Cabo Rojo; near Maya-
guez; near Afiasco, around Hacienda Pagan.—Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica (do.), Cay-
man (Hitchcock), St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John (do.), Guadaloupe,
Martinique (Duss), St. Vincent, Bequia. Native country tropical Asia.

This plant is introduced in the West Indies and other parts of tropical America, and
possibly in tropical Africa and tropical Australia. The glistening red seeds (condori)
are worn as ornaments by the women and, roasted or boiled with rice, they are used as

@ Bot. Reg. 32: pil. 3. 1846.

food. From the roots in Cuba and Haiti an emetic is made, and a remedy used for

rheumatism is procured by boiling the leaves. The wood is sometimes used as a dye,

but chiefly as a substitute for the true red sandalwood. The heartwood is red, hard,

closegrained, durable, and strong, and is used for house building and cabinet making.
Local names, coralitas, mato, mato colorado, palo de mato, peronilas.

150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

12. PIPTADENIA Benth.

Piptadenia Benru. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 334. 1842. |
Schleinitzia Wars. Engl. Bot. Yahrb. 18: 336. 1891. .

Flowers sessile, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, shortly toothed; corolla connate to
the middle; stamens 10, free, exserted; ovary subsessile; ovules 3 to many; legume
stipitate, rarely sessile, broadly linear, flat, membranaceous or subcoriaceous, 2-valved,
the valves continuous, without pulp; seeds compressed; funiculus filiform.—Trees or
shrubs, unarmed or aculeate; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small, multijugate, rarely large
and paucijugate; flowers small, white or greenish, cylindrically spicate or globose-
capitate, solitary or fascicled, axillary or panicled at the extremities.

l. Piptadenia peregrina (L.) Benth.

(Urban, 269.) |

Shrub 4 meters high or tree 20 meters high, unarmed; pinnae 15 to 30-jugate, leaflets
30 to 80-jugate, minute, 2 to4 mm. long, 1 to 1.5mm. wide, linear, glabrescent; petiole |
puberulous, bearing a gland above the base; flower heads white, small; calyx 1.5 mm.
long; corolla 3.5 mm. long; legume 5 to 15 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, 2-
valved.

Near Bayamon, in mountain woods at Toa Baja; near Aibonito, on slopes near Buena
Vista de la Plata; near Sabana Grande, on the Estero River; near Cabo Rojo, toward
Guanajibo; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, at Barrio del Pasto; Manati, in thickets near
Garrochales.—Haiti, Dominica, St. Vincent (Grisebach), Trinidad (Bentham). Trop-
ical America: Brazil, provinces of Rio Janeiro, Minas Geraes, Goyaz, and Rio Negro;
Guiana, Venezuela.

Local names, cojébana, cojoba, cojobillo, cojobo.

138. ENTADA Adans.
Entada Apans. Fam. 2: 318. 1763.

Flowers spicate, 5-merous, sessile or shortly pedicellate; calyx campanulate, toothed
or deltoid-lobate; petals free or coherent at base, oblong-lanceolate or linear, valvate;
stamens 10, usually exserted, the anthers elliptical or roundish with a terminal cadu-
cous gland; pollen-grains indefinite; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style filiform;
stigma terminal, truncate, concave; legume straight, sometimes of enormous size;
seeds flattened, exalbuminous; testa with a central areole.—Trees or climbing shrubs,
unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the number of pinnae and of leaflets very variable; spikes
solitary or fascicled from the upper axils, or panicled at the extremities; hermaphro-
dite or polygamous.

1. Entada polyphylla Benth.

(Urban, 269.)

A large shrub 5 meters high; pinnae 4 to 8-jugate; leaflets 12 to 20-jugate, linear-
oblong, obtuse, retuse, clothed beneath with short adpressed hairs; spikes numerous
in terminal racemes, rachis and petioles puberulent; legume 7.5 cm. long.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 151

Near Fajardo, on the river at the base of Mount Mula; between Manati and Vega
Baja, in sandy districts.—South America, and in related forms in Guadeloupe, Marti-
nique, and St. Vincent.

Local name, tamarindille.

14. CYNOMETRA L.

Cynometra L. Sp. Pl. 1: 382. 1753.

Tripa ApANS. Fam. 2: 508. 1763.

Cynomora R. Hepwic, Gen. 304. 1806.
Metrocynia THovu. Gen. Nov. Madag. 22. 1806.

Calyx with a rather short or very short receptacle; segments 4 or 5, thin, imbricate
in estivation, usually reflexed at flowering; petals 5, subequal, sometimes one or
two anterior minute, not verrucose; stamens 10, rarely indefinite, free; filaments gla-
brous; ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, cohering with or free in the receptacle; style
filiform; stigma small, truncate or rounded; legume obliquely ovoid, obovoid, or reni-
form, rarely straight, coriaceous, turgid or slightly compressed, rugose, verrucose,
rarely levigate, 2-valved; seeds exalbuminous.—Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves
paripinnate; leaflets 1 to 6 jugate, oblique, coriaceous; flowers usually reddish, small,
in axillary or lateral clusters or short racemes; bracts ovoid, membranous, at first
imbricate, later deciduous, rarely persistent; bracteoles wanting or, when present,
membranous and colored.

1. Cynometra portoricensis Krug & Urb.
. (Urban, 270.)

Tree, 15 meters high; stipules wanting; leaflets 1-jugate, oblique, obovate-oblong,
1.5 to 3 em. long, 0.6 to 1.2 em. wide, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, shining; inflores-
cence axillary, rachis 5 mm. long; legume semiorbicular, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 1.4 to 1.8
cm. wide, crustaceous, sublevigate, brown.

Near Rincon, on wooded hills at Quebrada del Salto. Indigenous.

15. STAHLIA Bello.
Stahlia Beto, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10?: 255. 1881.

Calyx with obconical receptacle and 5 free, subequal, obtuse segments; petals 5,
subequal, dorsally multiverrucose; stamens 10, free, filaments lanate; ovary sessile,
free at the fundus of the receptacle; style filiform; stigma small, truncate; legume
roundly ovoid, somewhat compressed, coriaceous, indehiscent (according to Bello
very late dehiscent); seeds 2, exalbuminous; bracts membranous, not imbricate,
caducous; bracteoles wanting.—Unarmed trees; leaves paripinnate; leaflets pauciju-
gate, oblique, thin, the lower surface glandular; flowers light yellow, not large, in
axillary or terminal racemes.

This is the only endemic genus of Leguminosae in Porto Rico.

1. Stahlia monosperma (Tul.) Urb.
(Urban, 270.)

Handsome tree 5 to 20 meters high; leaves 24 to 30 cm. long; leaflets 4 to 6-jugate,
ovate-oblong, 6 to 9 em. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, with subcordate or truncate base;
inflorescence 10 to 20-flowered, often 10 cm. long; sepals 6 to 7 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm.
wide; petals pale yellow, 10 to 11 mm. long, 5.5 to 6 mm. wide; anthers purple;
legume 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, glabrous, red when mature.

Flowering from March to May, fruiting in August and September.

152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

In littoral woods near Rio Grande, at La Estancia; near Ceiba; near Naguabo in
the woods at Guyacan; near Guanica in the woods of La Boca, at Barinas and at
La Plata.

The strong wood of this tree is much used in the manufacture of household furniture.

Local names cébana, polisandro.

16. HYMENAEA lL.

Hymenaea L.. Sp. Pl. 2: 1192. 1753.
Courbari ApANS. Fam. 2: 317. 1763.
Tanroujou Juss. Gen. 351. 1789.
Courbaril Puum.; Endl. Gen. 1317. 1841.

Calyx with thick, campanulate receptacle, its segments 4, imbricate; petals 5,
sessile, oblong or obovate, subequal or the posterior one often larger, glandular;
stamens 10, free, glabrous; anthers glandular; ovary subsessile; style filiform; stigma
terminal, small; legume obliquely obovate or oblong, thick and often almost terete,
coriaceous or subligneous, indehiscent; seeds few, exalbuminous, without aril.—
Unarmed trees; leaves paripinnate; leaflets coriaceous, glandular-punctate; flowers
usually large, white, in paniculate racemes; bracts and bracteoles ovate or orbicu-
lar, concave, caducous.

1. Hymenaea courbaril L.¢

(Urban, 270.)

Tree 10 to 20 meters high; leaves bifoliate; leaflets leathery, polished, falcate-ovate
or oblong, 6 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, shortly petiolate; flowers white, in
many-flowered terminal cymes; calyx segments ovate, obtuse, leathery, 15 mm.
long; petals nearly equal, as long as the calyx segments; legume ligneous, thick,
7.5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 6 em. wide, indehiscent, filled with mealy pulp.

Near Bayamon; in the Sierra de Luquillo at Mavi; near Juncos in the woods of
Mount Santo de Leon; near Maunabo, at Emajagua; near Mayaguez; near Manati.—
Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholo-
mew (Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Gaudeloupe, Dominica, Mar-
tinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 249), Mus-
tique (do.), Brazil, Guiana, Colombia.

From the trunk of Hymenaea courbaril (locust tree, quapinole, jutahy, jatahy, or
jatoba) a clear balsam drops to the ground, where it hardens. It is found in pieces
weighing sometimes several pounds. This resin is known as American copal, resina
copal, or courbaril, and is used by the Brazilian physicians and by the Indians as a
medicament. The red wood is hard and heavy and is known in trade as courbaril
wood. Among the Indians the sweetish pulp is a favorite food. They understand
how to polish the resin most beautifully, and they use it for all kinds of ornaments,
especially for the well-known lip decorations, tembeta (of the Amazon near Parana).

Local name, algarrobo.

17. TAMARINDUS L.

Tamarindus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 34. 1753.

Calyx with a narrowly turbinate receptacle and 4 strongly imbricated membranous
segments; petals 3 (1 posterior, 2 lateral), oblong or obovate-oblong, subequal, shortly
clawed; 2 anterior petals minute, setaceous or squammiform; fertile stamens 3, the
anterior connate nearly half their length, alternating with minute or rudimentary
staminodia; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style elongated; stigma terminal, truncate,
capitate; legume oblong or oblong-Jinear, thick, curved or nearly straight, compressed,

@ For illustration of fruit see Cook and Collins, pl. 4/, facing p. 164.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 153

indehiscent; epicarp thin, crustaceous; mesocarp pulpy; endocarp thick and fleshy,
forming complete partitions between the seeds; seeds obovate-elliptical or roundish,
compressed, with a thick, shining testa, each side marked with a large faintly defined
areole; albumen none.—Unarmed trees; leaves paripinnate; leaflets multijugate,
small, coriaceous, oblong, obtuse, reticulate, subsessile; stipules small, caducous;
flowers yellowish or red-striped, in terminal racemes; bracts and bracteoles, ovate-
oblong, colored, caducous.

l. Tamarindus indica L.
(Urban, 270.)

Tree 5 to 8 meters high, wholly glabrous or extremities at first thinly pubescent or
puberulous, sometimes glaucescent; leaves 6 to 15 cm. long; leaflets 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
5 to 6mm. wide, oblong, 10 to 20-jugate; flowers variegated, racemose; calyx segments
11 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; petals 10 to 12 mm. long; legume 5 to 15 em. long, 1.5 to 2
em. wide, | to 4-seeded.

Seemingly wild, also cultivated, in woods near Bayamon; near Aibonito at Cari-
Blanco; near Penuelas; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, in mountain forests around
Hacienda Nieve.—Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas,
St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew
(do.), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 249), Mus-
tique (do.), Margarita.

The tamarind, the only species of the genus, valued on account of the acid pulp of
the fruit, would appear to be truly indigenous in tropical Africa. It is widely diffused
either under cultivation or naturalized, through the Tropics of both the New and the
Old World. According to Grosourdy (cited by Cook and Collins, p. 248) the wood is
of good weight and more than ordinarily hard. The texture is rather compact and the
grain fine.

Local name, tamarindo

18. BAUHINIA L.
Bauhinia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 374. 1753.

Flowers hermaphrodite, more rarely polygamous; calyx with a short turbinate or
tubular receptacle, before anthesis undivided and closed at the top or contracted
beneath the top and shortly 5-lobed, at anthesis variously divided, vaginate or with
3 to 5 valvate, rarely imbricate, segments; petals 5, usually subequal, more rarely the
uppermost differing in form from the others, imbricate in estivation; stamens 10, all
fertile, with free or more or less connate filaments and dorsifixed anthers, or reduced
to 1 to 9 staminodia, or entirely wanting; ovary sessile or stipitate, rarely glandular
below, 2 to many-ovulate; style filiform, often very short, usually long; stigma ter-
minal, dilated and obliquely peltate or inconspicuous; legume oblong or linear,
straight, oblique, or curved, membranous, coriaceous, or almost fleshy, continuous or
pulpy between the seeds, seldom septate, indehiscent or 2-valved; seeds compressed,
albuminous, subglobular or ovate; seed coat thin or hard; root short and straight,
rarely oblique or slightly curved.—Trees or erect or scandent shrubs, unarmed, or with
interstipulary prickles, and with round or unequally compressed or broadened and
flat trunk and often with branches that are transformed into tendrils; leaves simple,
sometimes entire, sometimes 2-lobed or parted, more rarely 2-foliolate; stipules vary-
ing, caducous; flowers 2 or 3 together on leaf-opposed or terminal peduncles or collected
in simple or compound corymbs, racemes, or panicles, white or rose to purple and
yellow.

The three species of Bauhinia found in Porto Rico are trees or shrubs, with 2-lobed
leaves. The calyx is closed at the top or contracted beneath the top and shortly
5-lobed, and at anthesis is vaginate. In the section Pauletia, embracing two of the

154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. }

species, there are 5 to 10 fertile stamens. In Casparia, containing the third, there is
but | fertilestamen. The legume is straight, linear, coriaceous, continuous, 2-valved.
Both axillary and terminal racemes occur.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Fertile stamens 10 or 5. (Section Pauletia.)

Petals narrow, linear; stamens 5. 1. Bauhinia pauletia.
Petals obovate or obcordate; stamens 10. 2. Bauhinia tomentosa.
Fertile stamens 1, the rest without anthers. (Section Cas-
paria. ) 3. Bauhinia kappleri.

1. Bauhinia pauletia Pers.
(Urban, 271.)

Erect or scandent shrubs 3 meters high, armed, leaves suborbicular or quadrate, 5 to
8 cm. long and wide, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; petiole 1 to 2.5 em. long;
calyx lobes 10 to 14 cm. long; petals narrowly linear, 5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide;
legume 15 to 25 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, subtomentose; flowering and fruiting in
January and February.

In the copse near Mayaguez; near Cabo Rojo; near Guanica, between La Plata and
Sabana Grande near Limon.—Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela. West Indies,
Trinidad, in shady woods near Arima.

Local names, mariposa, araia gato.

2. Bauhinia tomentosa L.
(Urban, 271.)

Shrub 1 to 4 meters high; leaves cordate, usually 7-nerved, membranous, 3.75 em.
to 7.50 cm. in diameter, bilobed to one-half or one-third its length, glabrous®bove,
paler or somewhat glaucous, minutely tomentose-pubescent or glabrate beneath, the |
lobes rounded above and below; calyx limb spathaceous; petals obovate or obcordate, .
2.50 to 6.25 cm. long, subsessile or shortly clawed, venation divergent, not prominent, |
pale yellow, posterior one pale purple, with a reddish, nearly black, spot at the base.

Cultivated and also seemingly wild, near Fajardo on waysides; near Mayaguez.—
Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad. Native
country, southeastern Asia, tropical Africa.

3. Bauhinia kappleri Sagot.a

(Urban, 271.)

Tree or shrub 10 to 15 meters high; leaves ovate or orbicular, 8 to 12, sometimes 18
cm. long and wide, truncate or subcordate at the base, 11 to 13-nerved, unarmed; petioles
3 to 6 cm. long; calyx 2 cm. long; petals obovate, 5 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide; flowers _
very large, showy, whitish, rose color, or yellow, with purple lines in lax racemes.

Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous, near Bayamon; near Fajardo; near Naguabo;
around Hacienda Oriente; near Adjuntas at Saltillo; near Pefuelas at La Cueva;
near Cabo Rojo on Mount Buena Vista; near Mayaguez; near Manati on calcareous
mountains; near Rio Arriba around dwellings.—Cuba, Jamaica (Hitchcock), Haiti,
St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Guiana.
Native country, southeastern Asia?

Local names, flamboydn blanco, varietal, seplina.

a For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 19, facing p. 90.

oO
on

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 1

19. CASSIA L.

Cassia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 376. 1753.

Senna Tourn.; Miu. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768.
Bactyrilobium Wiuip. Enum. 439. 1809.
Chamaefistula G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 451. 1832.

Calyx with a very short receptacle and 5 imbricate segments; petals 5, imbricate,
spreading, subequal or the anterior larger; stamens sometimes 10, all perfect and sub-
equal, or the anterior shorter, or the three anterior very small, abortive, or wanting,
sometimes only 5; filaments very short or elongated, rarely nodose, incrassate, or
dilated in the middle; anthers uniform, or those of the anterior stamens larger, their
cells dehiscing in terminal pores or in short lateral slits; ovary sessile or stipitate, free
in the fundus of the receptacle, often arcuate, multiovulate, style short or elongated;
stigma terminal, small, truncate, rarely ciliate or turgid; legume terete, flat, com-
pressed, quadrangular, or alate, membranous, coriaceous, or ligneous, indehiscent, or
sometimes 2-valved, with or without transverse internal septa, seldom with pulp;
seeds albuminous, flattened at right angles to or parallel with the valves, rarely rhom-
boid-subterete, transverse, rarely longitudinally disposed in the legume; cotyledons
ovate or oblong, plane, sometimes sinuous. ‘Trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves paripin-
nate, rarely wanting or reduced to small squamae; stipules various; glands of the com-
mon petiole sessile or stipitate, verrucose, hypocrateriform, scutellate, near the base
or interpetiolular; flowers yellow or red, in axillary or terminal racemes, corymbs, or
fascicles; occasionally solitary or geminate in the axils.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Perfect stamens usually 7, the 3 anterior with long curved

filaments, often dilated beyond the middle, and ovate

or elliptical anthers, not exceeding 4 to 6 mm. in length,

dehiscing longitudinally; the 4 to 6 intermediate fila-

ments much shorter, erect, dehiscing by means of pores;

the remaining anthers 3, 2, or 1, much smaller, often

sterile; legume elongated, pendulous, terete or slightly

compressed, indehiscent or rarely dehiscent, divided by

transverse partitions into numerous l-seeded cavities;

seeds horizontal, flattened at right angles to the axis of

the legume. (Subgenus and Section Fistuta DC.)

Leaflets 4 to 8-jugate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 12.5
cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, subacuminate, glabrous;
petiolules rather long; legume round, 30 to 60 cm. long,
levigate. 1. C. fistula.
Leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, oblong, 3.5 to 5.5 -m. long, 2.5
cm. wide, obtuse at both ends, both surfaces pubescent;
petiolules short; legume compressed-cylindrical, 45 to
60 cm. long, venose-rugose.
Perfect stamens usually 7, the 2 or 3 anterior somewhat longer,
the anthers linear curved, 6.5 to 13 mm. long, opening at
the top by 1 or 2 pores, rarely dehiscing longitudinally; sta-
minodia usually 3; valves not elastic, the legume rarely in-
dehiscent. (Subgenus Senna Benth.)

Legumes round, turgid or slightly compressed; seeds
transverse, horizontal; leaves interglandular or eglan-
dular. (Section CHAMAEFISTULA DC.) ;

Leaflets 2-jugate. 3. C. quinquangulata.

bo
fom

’. grandis.

L56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Leaflets 3 to 5-jugate.
Leaflets small, 2 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse at both
ends.

Leaflets usually 3 or 4-jugate, obovate or
oval-roundish, rounded at the top, glands
between the leaves; racemes few-flowered;
pedicels 3 to 6 mm. long; legume coria-
ceous, dehiscent along the sutures.

Leaflets usua!ly 5-jugate, oval or elliptical,
rounded at the top, a gland between the
lower leaves; racemes long and many-
flowered; pedicels 2 to 3 em. long.

Leaflets large, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, 5 to 8 em. long; petiole with ob-
long glands between the leaflets; legume te-
rete.

Legume flattened-compressed, membranous, bivalved,
convex; seeds compressed parallel to the dissepiments;
petiole with obtuse glands near the base. (Section
ONcOLOBIUM Vog.)

Leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, ovate or elliptic lanceolate, 2.5
to 5 cm. long.

Legume compressed-tetragonal, linear; seeds compressed
parallel to the valves, their larger diameter likewise
parallel to the valves. (Section PrososPpERMA Vog.)

Leaflets 2 or 3-jugate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 1.5
to 5 cm. long; legume 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm.
wide.

Legume flat-compressed, bivalved; seeds compressed
parallel to the valves, with their longer diameter trans-
verse to them. (Section CHAMAESENNA DC.)

Legume winged with a broad longitudinal wing on
each valve; leaves 30 to 60 cm. long; leaflets 9 to
12-jugate, oblong, truncate at the subsessile base,
7.5 to 17.5 cm. long; petiole 3-angular, eglandular.

Legume not winged.

Leaves very small; leaflets 5 to 15-jugate, obo-

vate-oblong, ciliate on the margins, otherwise
glabrous; leaves fasciculate at the nodes; le-
gumes narrow.

Leaves much larger, pilose; leaflets 3 to 5-jugate,
rarely 2-jugate, broadly oval-oblong, very ob-
tuse, upper surface pubescent, lower surface
tomentose, eglandular; legume coriaceous,
linear, straight, glabrous, tumid at the mar-
gins.

Stamens 10 or fewer, all perfect, similar and but slightly une-
qual (rarely 2 or 3 abortive); anthers linear; pedicels soli-
tary, in pairs or fascicles, axillary or superaxillary; common
peduncle very short; legumes flat, linear, elastic, 2-valved.
(Subgenus LastorHeGMA Vog. Section CHAMAECRISTA
DC.)

Leaflets l-jugate, oblique, semiorbicular or semiobovate,
flabellate-nerved; petiole glandular; peduncle one-
flowered; legume hairy with adpressed down.

6.

10.

at.

12.

C. bicapsularis.

C. stahlii.

C. laevigata.

C. occidentalis.

C. tora.

C. alata.

C. polyphylla.

C. emarginata,.

C. diphylla.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO,

—
On
a |

Leaflets multijugate, very small.
Leaves subcoriaceous; leaflets 6 or 7, rarely 5 to 11-
jugate, oblique, oblong-linear, rounded at the top,
8 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, glandular; pe-
duncle 1 or 2-flowered; legume linear, hairy. 13. C. portoricensis.

Leaves membranous.
Glands stipitate; leaves obtuse or subacute;
costa usually in the middle.
Leaves large, 7.5 cm. long; leaflets 1.1 cm.
long, 2 mm. wide; common petiole and
legume thinly clothed with white hairs;

legume 4.

‘Sa

5 em. long, 5 mm. wide. 14. C. glandulosa.

Leaves small, 2.5 cm. long; leaflets 5 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide; common petiele and
legume glabrous; legume 2.5 cm. long, 3

mm. wide. 15. C. mirabilis.
Glands sessile or shortly stipitate; leaves nar-
rower, mostly acute; costa more eccentric. 16. C. nictitans.

Tree 7 to 20 meters high;

1. Cassia fistula L.
(Urban, 272.)

flowers in lax drooping racemes, yellow, large: pedicels

long; calyx segments oval or oval-oblong, 1 cm. long, obtuse; petals ovate, 2 to 2.5 cm.
long; legume pendulous. Flowering in June, fruiting in January.

Cultivated and seemingly

wild near Bayamon; in the Sierra de Luquillo, on the

lower slopes of Mount Jimenez near dwellings; near Mayaguez, at Algarrobo.—Cuba
(Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Croix (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Gaude-
loupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Trinidad, Mar-
garita. Tropical Asia, frequently planted, but also truly indigenous; in tropical
Atrica cultivated or escaped from cultivation and possibly indigenous; in America

only where planted.

Cassia fistula and C. grandis are closely related. Both are noticeable on account of

their long simple racemes.

C. fistula differs from other Porto Rican Cassia species in

its very large leaves and in its long pendulous legumes. The latter are cylindrical in
form and contain a dark brown, soit, agreeable-tasting pulp that has a slightly purga-
tive action. This fruit, called “manna,’’ is considered a delicacy, especially by chil-
dren. The bark furnishes a black dye, and is employed in tanning leather, while the
wood is valuable for many purposes.

Local name, cafafistula.

Tree 15 to 20 meters high
calyx segments rather wide,

2. Cassia grandis L. f.

(Urban, 272.)

; flowers in drooping, axillary rusty-pubescent racemes;

6 to 8.5 mm. long, obtuse; petals suborbicular, 1 em. in

diameter; legume 45 to 60 cm. long, transversely rugulose.

Indigenous and cultivated, near Pefiuelas at Tallaboa Alta; near Yauco, on declivi-
ties on the banks of the Duey River-at Mount Rodadero; near Mayaguez; near Vega
Baja.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica (Bentham), Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St.Croix
(do.), Guadeloupe. Central America, Ecuador, New Grenada, Surinam, San Domingo,

Jamaica, and perhaps North
This differs from C. fistula,

Brazil.
the only other species in Porto Rico belonging to the sub-

genus and section Fistula DC., in the rusty pubescence of its racemes, and in its much

smaller, multijugate leaflets.

158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The natives make from the leaves, seeds, and roots of C. grandis and C. occidentalis
various medicaments. Grosourdy (cited by Cook and Collins, p. 108) says that the
wood of this tree is handsome, strong, and very resistant, of ordinary weight and hard-
ness, fibrous in texture and fine-grained.

Local name, caiiafistula cimarrona,

3. Cassia quinquangulata L.
(Urban, 272.)

Shrub 2.5 to 3 meters high or a small tree about 10 meters high; branches angular;
leaflets 2-jugate, obliquely ovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long,
the lower sometimes smaller, shining above, yellow-pubescent beneath, the glands
slender, between each pair of leaflets; flowers in short racemes, usually arranged in a
terminal panicle; sepals ovate, petals 1.2 to 1.6 cm. long.

Flowers from September to December.

Near Bayamon in a copse; Sierra de Naguabo, on slopes along the Rio Blanco; near
Juncos, on Mount Florida; near Hato Grande, on Mount Gregorio; between Gurabo
and Caguas; near Aibonito, at La Lima; near Maricao, in mountain forests.—St. Thomas,
St. Kitts. Guiana, Brazil.

4. Cassia bicapsularis L.
(Urban, 273.)

Shrub 2 to 3.5 meters high; leaves 6 to 9 cm. long; leaflets 3 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm.
wide; sepals membranous, obtuse, 8 to 11 mm. long; petals yellow, 1.7 to 1.9 em.
long; legume erect or somewhat curved, 9 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide.

Near Fajardo in thickets on the coast; near Pefiuelas; near Yauco, on Mount Duey;
on calcareous mountains near Cabo Rojo; near Mayaguez.—Bermuda (introduced,
Hemsley), Bahama (Grisebach), Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St.
Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grise-
bach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique (Kew
Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Barbados, Grenada, Cura¢ao. Tropical and subtropical South
America, very common, extending from south Brazil to Central America; frequently
sent also in collections from tropical Asia, but there only in cultivation. Madeira.

Local names, sen del pais, hoja de sen.

5. Cassia stahlii Urb.
(Urban, 273.)

Shrub 2 to 4 meters high; leaflets 5-jugate, the upper oval or elliptical, 2.5 to 3 em.
long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, the lower orbicular-oval, 1 cm. long; glands of the common
petiole interpetiolular, oblong-linear; racemes long and many-flowered; flowers pur-
ple-veined; sepals 6 to 7 mm. long; petals 10 to 13 mm. long; legume erect, 12 to 15 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. wide, linear.

In mountain forests between Guayama and Guamani; near Cayey, on the river
Morillos; near Aibonito, at La Lima. Indigenous.

C. stahlii resembles in habit the closely related species C. bicapsularis, but differs
from it in its longer inflorescence, much longer pedicels, and 5-jugate leaflets.

6. Cassia laevigata Willd.
(Urban, 273.)

Shrub 2 to 3 meters high, glabrous; leaflets 3 or 4-jugate, ovate-oblong to lanceolate,
5 to 8 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide; common petiole 10 to 12.5 cm. long, channelled,
with oblong or cylindrical interpetiolular glands; basal glands none; flewers in axil-

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 159

lary or terminal racemes; calyx 6 mm. long, petals 1.6 em. long; legumes erect, thinly
coriaceous or chartaceous, obtuse, apiculate, 7.5 to 8 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide, tardily
dehiscent into 2 valves; seeds horizontal, shining.

Near Juncos on Mount Florida; near Adjuntas, in the river valley at La Galsa and
on Mount Cienega at La Lucia; near Utuado; near Maricao, on Mount Alegrillo.—
Jamaica, Martinique (cultivated). Tropical and subtropical America, chiefly in
waste and cultivated places. Brazil, Guiana, Colombia, Central America, Mexico,
and also in similar situations 1n tropical Asia, west Africa, and Australia, probably in
most places introduced.

Like other common weeds of cultivation, this 1 is a variable species, but it is always
readily recognized by its acute or acuminate glabrous leaflets, with glands between
all the pairs, or all but the terminal. Cassia laevigata and C. chamaecrista, in their
respective habitats, are used as a substitute for the genuine senna leaves, folia sennae,

Local names, sen del pais, yerba hedionda macho.

7. Cassia occidentalis L.

(Urban, 273.)

Stem firmly herbaceous or woody below, annual of 2 or 3 years’ duration, erect,
a few feet in height often forming dense bushy masses; leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, ovate
or elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 2.6 em. wide; common petiole without
interpetiolular glands, but with a short obtuse gland near the base, black when dry;
flowers in short few-flowered axillary racemes or fascicles; sepals obtuse, 6 to 8.5 mm.
long, glabrous; petals obtuse, 1.5 cm. long; legume linear, compressed, 7 to 11 cm.
long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, 2-valved, rather coriaceous, margined with straight sutures.

Near Bayamon; near Maricao, in pastures; near Mayaguez.—Bermuda (introduced,
Hemsley), South Florida (Chapman), Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman
(Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm
Herbarium), St. Bartholomew, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p.
249), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. Tropical America,
Asia, and Africa; very abundant in waste and cultivated places. Probably of Ameri-
can origin; not yet received from Australia.

The foliage and inflorescence of this species are generally nearly those of C. laevi-
gata, except as to the gland, which is always below the lower pair of leaflets, and usually
very near the base of the petiole, not between the leaflets.

The root of Cassia occidentalis, cortex fedegozo, is a valued remedy for intermittent
fever, and by the American Indians is thought to be an antidote against various
poisons. Seedsand leaves are both used medicinally. In the West Indies the negroes
apply the leaves smeared with grease in cutaneous diseases of men and of animals.
The roasted seeds, known as Sudan coffee, are used as a substitute t for coffee.

Local name, hedionda.

Cassia Riieierina L. (C. occidentalis variety glabra Stahl) is cultivated in gardens
near Bayamon and Manati. It is native in Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti.

8. Cassia tora L.

(Urban, 274.)

Stem annual, erect or ascending 0.75 to 1 meter high; leaflets 2 or 3-jugate; obovate
or obovate-oblong, varying from 1.5 to 3.5 or 5 em. in length; common petiole with
conspicuous narrow-cylindrical glands between at least the lower pinnae; flowers
usually in pairs or solitary, axillary, with or without a short common peduncle; sepals
6 to 8 mm. long; petals 13 to 17.5 mm. long; legumes elongate, curved, narrow-linear,
10 to 20 em. long. 4 to 6 mm. wide, dehiscent; seeds arranged lengthwise.

25734—vo. 10, pr 4—07

<a

160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Near Bayamon; near Cabo Rojo around Hacienda Carmelita; near Mayaguez at
the fortress.—Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas,
St. Croix (Eggers), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81,
p. 249), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad. Tropical and subtropical America,
Asia, Africa, and Australia, generally common in cultivated and waste places; in the
United States extending as far north as Virginia, Indiana, and Arkansas.

This plant is striking on account of its narrow linear curved legumes, which are
oblong-quadrate in section. The young leaves, in spite of their disagreeable odor,
are used as a vegetable, while both the leaves and seeds constitute a valuable remedy
in skin diseases. The seeds when roasted and ground are said to yield a decoction
which is reported to be in every respect as good as coffee.

Local name, dormidera.

9. Cassia alata L.¢

(Urban, 275.)

An erect glabrous or subglabrous shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves 30 to 60 or 90
em. long, rachis acutely margined above when dry, glandular, with a prominent trans-
verse ridge connecting the opposite leaflets; leaflets 9 to 12-jugate, upper larger leaflets
obovate-elliptical, 7.5 to 17.5 cm. long, firmly membranous; flowers light yellow, in
axillary or terminal racemes; sepals 1 cm. long; petals obovate, 1.5 to 1.9 em. long,
the claw 2 to 3 mm. long; legume 2-valved, coriaceous, 12.5 to 15 em. long, 1 to 2 em.
wide, each valve with a very prominent crenate longitudinal wing extending its
entire length and incurved toward the ventral suture.

Wild and cultivated, near Bayamon, in gardens; near Coamo, in the valley of El
Fuerte River; near Maricao, on the bank of the river near Mayaguez.—Cuba, Jamaica,
Haiti, St. Thomas (Grisebach), St. John, St. Croix (Eggers), Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Vincent, Grenada. Widely spread in the Tropics of both hemispheres, though
probably indigenous only in America.

This is the only Cassia species in Porto Rico in which the legume is winged. The
large leaflets connected by a transverse ridge make it easily recognized. From the
leaves, especially in Java and South America, is made a remedy used in skin diseases
and they were formerly officinal under the name of folia cassiae herpetica.

Local names, talantala, talantro.

10. Cassia polyphylla Jacq.
(Urban, 274.)

Shrub 2 to 4 meters high or tree 15 meters high; leaflets 5 to 15-jugate (often 10 to 12-
jugate), minute, 4.5 to 6.5 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide: flowers solitary in the axils of
the leaves; sepals 7 mm. long; petals 1.7 cm. long; pedicels 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
slender; legume 15 em. long.

Near Guayama; near Coamo, at San Ildefonso and on the declivities of Mount
Santana; along roads between Aibonito and Coamo; near Ponce, at Pefon; near Juana
Diaz, at Escalabrado; near Guanica, in littoral thickets; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo,
in the seashore woods of Mount Juliana.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix. Tropical
America.

This differs from all the other Porto Rico Cassia species in its small fasciculate leaves
and its minute leaflets.

ll. Cassia emarginata L.

(Urban, 274.)

Shrub 3 to 10 or tree 15 meters high; leaflets 2 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide;
flowers golden yellow, in racemes which are solitary or fasciculate in the axils of the

a¥For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 39, facing p. 159 (as Herpetica alata).

et

;

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 161

leaves; sepals 4 to 6.5 mm. long; petals 6.5 to 11 mm. wide; legume 17 to 30 cm. long,
0.6 to 1 cm. wide.

Near Coamo, in thickets between Serillos and Salinas and toward Bafios and in
woods on Mount San Ildefonso; between Salinas and St. Isabel.—Cuba, Jamaica,
Haiti, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent (Grisebach), Margarita. Colombia, Central America.

12. Cassia diphylla L.7 °
(Urban, 275.)

Annual, sufirutescent, glabrous, 0.33 to 1 meter high; leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 em. long,
0.8 to 1.25 cm. wide; stipules large, very acute, scarious; sepals 6.5 to 13 mm. long;
petals shorter than the sepals; legume 3 to 5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide; seeds oblong,
oblique to the margins of the legume.

Near Bayamon, on declivities toward Toa Baja; near Santurce; near Humacao, on
grassy declivities at Buenavista; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo, on the seashore and on
Mount Juliana; near Rincon, in rocky places on the mountains; near Aguada, in fields
at Piedra Blanca; near Manati, around the lagoon of Tortuguero in sandy districts near
Campo.—Cuba, Haiti, St. Kitts (Grisebach), St. Vincent. Tropical America: from
Brazil to Central America and Mexico.

Cassia diphylla is easily recognized, as it is the only Porto Rican Cassia species with
but one pair of leaflets.

Local names, hediondilla, zarzabacoa.

13. Cassia portoricensis Urb.?
(Urban, 275.)

Small shrub, 0.25 to 0.60 metersshigh; leaflets 8 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide;
stipules lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence 1 or 2-flowered; sepals lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, 6.5 to 8 mm. long; petals obovate or orbicular-obovate, 12 to 15 mm. long,
short-clawed; stamens 8.

Cassia portoricensis callosa Urp.
(Urban, 275.)

Leaflets on the margin callose-incrassate, glabrous or subpilose; inflorescence usually
2-flowered.

Near Guayanilla, on calcareous mountains near Penon; near Mayaguez.

Local name, retama.

Cassia portoricensis granulata Urb.
(Urban, 275.)

Shrub 0.3 to 1 meter high; leaflets not callose on the margin, pilose; inflorescence
1-flowered.

Near Ponce, on the harbor; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo, in forests of the seashore;
near Guanica, in thickets on Mount El Mantel and in salty places on the seashore.
Indigenous. ‘

Local name,. escobilla.

This species is distinguished from the related species by its subcoriaceous, oblique
leaves.

@Cook and Collins, p. 112, as Chamaecrista diphylla.
bCook and Collins, p. 118, as Chamaecrista portoricensis.

162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

l4. Cassia glandulosa L.«

(Urban, 276.)

A herbaceous or suffrutescent plant 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 5 to 8 em. long;
leaflets oblong-linear, membranous; peduncle 1 to 3-flowered; sepals 1 em. long; petals
1.5 to 2 cm. long, yellow; stamens red; legume 3 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide.

In’ sandy districts near Bayamon; Sierra de Naguabo, on the rocks on Mount
Piedra Palada and on the banks of the Rio Blanco; between Aibonito and Algarrobo,
along roads; between Aibonito and Coamo, on precipices; near Utuado, on declivities
at Pellejas and at Mameyes and in rocky districts at Los Angeles; near Sabana Grande,
on the banks of the River Estero; near Arecibo.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, St. Croix,
St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent,
Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach).—
Tropical South America: Brazil, Guiana, Colombia.

Cassia glandulosa has often (as by Linnaeus himself) been confounded with other
species, but it can be distinguished from Cassia chamaecrista in that its petiole bears a
stipitate gland between the lowest pair of leaflets (and sometimes several below the
upper pairs) and in that the pairs of leaflets are usually much more numerous. Cassia
chamaecrista has sessile depressed glands.

Local name, tamarindillo, hediondilla.

15. Cassia mirabilis (Poll.) Urb.

(Urban, 276.)

Stem suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves pinnate, 2 cm. long; petiole 1.5 em. long, with
two stipitate glands; leaflets 10 to 17-jugate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong, rounded
at both ends, papyraceous, glabrous on both sides, shortly petiolulate, mucronate;
stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 3 mm. long; flowers yellow; legumes 2 to 2.5 em. long,
3mm. wide, brown, glabrous, papyraceous, apiculate.

Near Manati, in sandy soil on the edge of Tortuguero Lagoon at Campo Alegre;
between Manati and Vega Baja in sandy soil; near Dorado, in the meadows of the
coast.

16. Cassia nictitans L.

(Urban, 276.)

Annual, herbaceous or suffrutescent, pubescent, with curved hairs, or glabrescent;
leaflets 12 to 25-(rarely 5-) jugate, 0.4 to 1 em. long, oblong-linear, mucronulate, slightly
oblique at the base, penninerved, striate with veins; petiole bearing a stipitate gland
below the lowest pair; stipules exceeding the insertion point of the gland, acuminate
from a‘lanceolate, oblique base; peduncle 1-(to 3-) flowered, much exceeded by the
leaves; stamens 5 to 7 (or even 10); legume bearing scattered curved hairs; petals 0.6
to 0.8 cm. long.—Variable in the petiolar glands, which are long-stipitate or subses-
sile.

Near Bayamon; near Santurce; near Juncos, on Mount Santo de Leon; near Maunabo,
at Punta de la Tuna; near Aibonito, on precipices toward Coamo; near Coamo, in
meadows between Serillos and Salinas; between Pefuelas and Tallaboa Alta, on the
roadside; near Sabana Grande, on the bank of the Estero River; near Guanica, in
thickets on the seashore at Cafio Gordo; near Mayaguez; near Maricao, in pastures; near
Rincon, in the mountains at Calvache.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas,
St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Margarita, Curacao, Mexico, subtrop-
ical and temperate North America.

a@Cook and Collins, p. 113, as Chamaecrista glandulosa

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 163

20. KRAMERIA Locil.
Krameria Lorru. Iter Hisp. 195. 1758.

Calyx with 4 or 5 subequal, imbricate, more or less corollaceous segments, the outer
one somewhat larger than the others; petals 4 or 5, narrower than the calyx segments,
the upper orres subequal, long-clawed, sometimes free, sometimes connate, the middle
one often folded, the 2 lower ones reduced to thick, short, fleshy scales; stamens 3 or 4,
hypogynous, the anthers basifixed, opening by an oblique introrse pore; ovary sessile
with 2 collateral, hanging, anatropous seeds; style cylindrical, pointed; legume globose
or somewhat compressed, aculeate or weakly spinous, indehiscent; seeds exalbumi-
nous.—Shrubs or herbs, often decumbent and silky-tomentose; leaves simple or rarely
digitate (leaflets 3); flowers purple, axillary, sometimes in leafy racemes; bracts 2,
at or above the middle of the peduncle; filaments free. or connate half their length.

1. Krameria ixina L.
(Urban, 277.)

Plant 0.5 to 1 meter high; stem erect, branched, woody below, villous-pubescent;
leaves elliptical-lanceolate, mucronate; flowers racemose, purple or dark purple;
pedicels short, bibracteolate about the middle; sepals 4, pubescent externally; posterior
petals connected at the base; stamens 4; spines of pericarp glochidiate.

Between Ponce and Guayanilla, on calcareous rocks of the coast; near Ponce, on the
harbor and at Pefion; near Guanica, in littoral thickets at Salinas and on the declivities
at Punta de los Pescadores; near Cabo Rojo, in forests near the seashore.—Haiti, St.
Thomas, Antigua (Grisebach), Curacao (Vahl), Colombia.

21. PARKINSONIA L.
Parkinsonia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 375. 1753.

Calyx with a short receptacle and 5 subequal, membranous, slightly imbricate seg-
ments; petals 5, nearly equal, the posterior one the widest; stamens 10, their filaments
villous at the base; ovary free, in the fundus of the receptacle, substipitate, multiovu-
late; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; legume narrowly linear, narrowed to each
end, usually constricted between the subdistant seeds, scarcely or not at all dehiscent;
valves thinly coriaceous, longitudinally reticulate-striate; seeds oblong, longitudinally
disposed, albuminous.—Trees or shrubs with thorny stipules; leaves bipinnate; com-
mon petiole very short, spine-pointed: pinnae 2 to 4, with the rachis much elongated,
flattened, bearing numerous, opposite or scattered, very small leaflets, which are occa-
sionally abortive; flowers yellow, in lax axillary racemes; bracts small, caducous;
bracteoles wanting.

1. Parkinsonia aculeata L.
(Urban, 277.)

Small trees or shrubs; common petiole only 1 to 2 mm. long; pinnae 1 or 2-jugate;
secondary petioles winged, linear, acuminate, 16 to 36 cm. long; leaflets minute,
oblong or obovate, 4 to 5 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, blunt, the uppermost (or many)
abortive; flowers yellow, in lax axillary racemes, 9 to 16 cm. long; calyx 7 mm. high;
corolla suborbicular, 1 cm. in diameter; legume 8 to 9 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, constricted
between the seeds.

Near Fajardo on the seashore between Guayama and Guamani along roads; near
Mayaguez; near Quebradillas.—Florida Keys, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St.
Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium),

)
.
|
.

164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia, Cannouan (Kew Bull. no.
81, p. 248), Union (do.), Barbados (Grisebach), Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach), Mar-
garita. Tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. In the Old World,
however, it is a cultivated plant. . :

From the bark and leaves is made a medicament used in all wasting diseases; from
the flowers and seeds another used for intermittent fever. The bast is employed in
the manufacture of paper. Its whitish, close-grained wood igeused for fuel and also
makes good charcoal.

The plant is easily recognized on account of its peculiar habit. The primary
petioles are very short, the pinnae extremely long and spine-pointed, the leaflets
minute and sometimes almost abortive.

Local names, palo de rayo, flor de rayo. Jerusalem thorn (Cook and Collins).

22. HAEMATOXYLUM L.

Haematorylum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 384. 17538.

Calyx with a short receptacle; segments 5, subequal, deeply imbricate; petals 5,
oblong, spreading, nearly equal, imbricate in estivation; stamens 10, free, nearly
erect; filaments slightly pilose at the base; ovary subsessile, free, 2 or 3 ovulate; style -
filiform; stigma small, terminal; legume lanceolate, compressed, membranous, adher-
ing at the sutures, separating lengthwise in the middle of the valves into 2 boat-shaped
false valves; seeds transverse, oblong, the chalaza ventral, albuminous.—Glabrous
trees, the leaves paripinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets obovate, paucijugate; stipules
sometimes spinous, sometimes small and caducous; flowers yellow, small, in lax
axillary racemes; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles wanting.

1. Haematoxylum campechianum L.
(Urban, 277.)

Tree 5 meters high, the branches white-barked, often spiny; leaves paripinnate;
leaflets 3 or 4-jugate, obovate, retuse, glabrous, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; flowers yellow;
calyx 4 mm. long; petals oblong-obovate, 6 mm. long.

Near Ponce, on the seashore; near Cabo Rojo, toward Puerta Real, on roadsides;
near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa; near Isabela, in forests near the seashore.—Bahama,
Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Bartholomew
(Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St.
Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Bequia, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Grenada,
Tobago, Trinidad. This tree is indigenous in Mexico and in Central America. It is
widely diffused, however, either under cultivation or naturalized, in the West Indies,
especially Jamaica, and in the northern part of South America, as well as in some
parts of tropical Asia.

From the blood-red heartwood of the tree (which becomes black on exposure to the
air) is made logwood (campeachy-wood), an exceedingly valuable dyestuff. The
important crystalline principle of this wood, haematoxylin (C,,H,, O,),is much use
as a dyestuff to produce blue, violet, and black. The most valuable logwood comes
from the west coast of Yucatan, the least valuable from the Antilles. The wood is
of value incabinet work, and the bark contains a gum from which one kind of India
ink, also called Chinese ink, ismade. In the countries where the tree is indigenous the
the bark, bast, and legumes are used by the people medicinally.

Local names, palo de campeche, campeche.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 165

23. POINCIANA L.

Poinciana L. Sp. Pl. 1: 380. 1753.
Poincia Neck. Elem. 2: 449. 1790.
Delonix Rar. Sylva Tellur. 2: 92. 1836.

Calyx with a very short turbinate receptacle, sometimes with almost none; seg-
ments 5, nearly equal, valvate in estivation; petals 5, round, imbricate, nearly equal,
or the posterior one different from the others; stamens 10, free, deflexed; filaments
slightly villous at the base, toward the top inflexed; ovary sessile, free, multiovulate;
style filiform, stigma terminal, ciliolate, but slightly dilated; legume coriaceous,
elongated, compressed, obliquely veined, 2-valved, with tissue between the seeds;
seeds compressed, ellipsoidal or oblong, transversely disposed, albuminous.—Unarmed
trees; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small, numerous; stipules obscure; flowers hand-
some, orange or scarlet, corymbose at the ends of the branches; bracts small, caducous;
bracteoles wanting.

, l. Poinciana regia Boj.; Hook.
(Urban, 278.)

Tree 15 to 20 meters high; leaves 20 to 40 cm. long; pinnae 8 to 20-jugate, multi-
foliolate; leaflets oblong, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, blunt at each extremity, upon
very short petioles; flowers scarlet; calyx 2.5 cm. long; petals 5.5 cm. long, the claw
2 cm. long, the lamina orbicular, 3.5 cm. in diameter; vexillum white with a pinkish
tint; legume 12 to 37 cm. long, 3 to 4.5 cm. wide.

Cultivated and seemingly wild in Fajardo on the public squares; in Cabo Rojo, in
the market place; near Mayaguez.—Bahama, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guade-
loupe (Duss), Martinique, Margarita. Native of Madagascar, but cultivated on
account of its beauty on the east and west coasts of Africa, in India, and in other
parts of the Tropics.

This magnificent tree, with its bright scarlet flowers and fern-like leaves, is the
handsomest of the Caesalpinioideae. Wood white, light, soft, and loose-grained;
takes a fine polish.

Local names, jflamboydn, flamboydn colorado.

24. CAESALPINIA L.

Caesalpinia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 380. 1753.

Calyx with short or very short receptacle; segments 5, imbricate, the lowermost
one concave or boat-shaped and usually larger than the others; petals 5, orbicular,
sometimes oblong, spreading, strongly imbricate, subequal or the uppermost one
smaller; stamens 10, free, deflexed; filaments usually villous or glandular at the
base; ovary sessile, free, the ovules few; style terete, often filiform, sometimes
clavate at the top; stigma terminal, truncate or concave; legume ovoid, oblong,
lanceolate or falcate, compressed, sometimes with thickened sutures, coriaceous,
flat or turgid, sometimes 2-valved, sometimes indehiscent or later slightly 2-valved,
often pulpy between the seeds; seeds tranyserse, ovoid or globose, exalbuminous (or
albuminous in C. pulcherrima).—Trees or often high-climbing shrubs, unarmed or
with scattered prickles; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small and numerous or large and
few, membranous or coriaceous; stipules various; flowers yellow or red, often hand-
some, in lax simple or panicled racemes, axillary or on the ends of the branches.
Bracts wanting.

@ For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 54, facing p. 223.

*

166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

The five Porto Rican species of this genus belong to four different sections. C.
bonduc and C. crista are included in section 1, Guilandina. They are aculeate,
scandent shrubs with membranous leaflets and echinate legumes.

C. sepiaria belongs to section 3, Sappania. It is a prickly climbing shrub with
seeds that are as long as wide, and glabrous legumes.

C. pulcherrima, a shrub with beautiful fragrant flowers, is contained in section 4,
Caesalpinaria. The long-exserted anthers and small membranous leaflets are also
noticeable.

C. gilliesti, worthy of notice on account of its minute leaflets and lanceolate
legumes, is included in section 6, Erythrostemon.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers rather small with subsessile bracts, in spikes; petiole
with prickles; legume with prickles.
With stipules; bracts of the pedicels horizontal, curved;
seeds lead-colored. 1. C. crista.
Without stipules; bracts of the pedicels erect; seeds yellow. 2. C. bondue.
Flowers large, long-stipitate, without bracts, in showy racemes;
legume without prickles.
Petioles with prickles; leaves pilose. 3. C. sepiaria.
Petioles without prickles; leaves glabrous.
Flowers showy, yellow; pedicels and petioles glandular;
legume glandular. “ 4. C. gilliesii.
Flowers showy, scarlet; pedicels and petioles glabrous;
legume glabrous.

or

. C. pulcherrima,
1. Caesalpinia crista L.

(Urban, 278.)

Shrub, scandent, 4 meters high, aculeate; leaves bipinnate; leaflets 8 to 12-jugate,
ovate to ovate-oblong, 2 to 6 cm. long, shortly and obtusely acuminate, membranous |
or subchartaceous; stipules conspicuous, cut into large segments; bracts beneath the |
buds horizontal or curved; flowers rusty yellow, calyx lobes 7 mm. long; petals ovate-
oblong, 1 cm. long; legume oblique, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 3.5 em. wide, turgid; seeds
lead-colored.

In coast districts near Bayamon; near Humacao, in copses at Punta Candelero;
near Patillas, around Guardaraya; near Guanica, in thickets at Salinas; near Maya-
guez at Guanajibo.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Florida Keys, Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica,
Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bar-
tholomew, Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique
(Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Barbados, Grenada. Tropics of Asia, Africa, and Amer-
ica, Australia, and New Guinea.

Every part of the plant (root, leaves, seeds, bark) is valuable medicinally. There
appears to be a difference of opinion regarding the properties of the roots, but all
authors agree in extolling the virtues of the seed. For making bracelets, necklaces,
and rosaries the seeds are much used, and in some countries the children use them
for marbles.

Local names, mato de playa, mato azul. Cuba, guacalote prieto (Law, Morales),
St. Thomas, gray nickars (Eggers); St. Croix, nickars (West); Guadeloupe, canique
grise, oeil de chat (Duchassaing, Duss); Martinique, yeux de chat (Duss, Hahn); Gre-
nada, horse-eye, quashi (Broadway).

=~]

we

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, lt

2. Caesalpinia bondue (L.) Roxb.
(Urban, 278.)

Prickly trailing shrubs; leaves paripinnate; stipules none; primary and secondary
petioles puberulous, bearing recurved prickles; leaflets 5 to 8-jugate; ovate or ellip-
tical, shortly acuminate, subcoriaceous, 4 to 8 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide; flowers
yellow; bracts beneath the buds erect; legume broadly ovate-oblong, convex-
compressed, prickly; seeds yellow.

Near Isabela.—Florida Keys, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Cockerell), Haiti (Plu-
mier), Florida, Mexico, Java, Sumatra, Amboina, East Indies (Baker).

Local names, matos de playa. Cuba, guacalote amarillo (Sagra & Sauv.); Jamaica,
nicker tree (Sloane).

3. Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb.
(Urban, 279.)

Shrub diffuse or trailing, 2 to 3 meters high, prickly, puberulous above; pinnae
6 to 10- (rarely 4-) jugate; leaflets 8 to 12-jugate, oblong, rounded, or subtruncate, | to
1.7 em. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, pale and puberulous or glabrescent beneath; stipules
semisagittate, deciduous; petals 1.5 cm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx; filaments
shortly exserted, villous below; legume flat-compressed, at length tumid, 6 to 6.25 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. wide.

Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Pepino, along roadsides;
around Enea; between San German and Lajas Arriba, along roadsides; near Maricao
on declivities.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vin-
cent, Barbados, Grenada. Introduced from the East Indies, but naturalized in all of
the Antilles. .

Caesalpinia sepiaria is useful for making hedges.

Local name, zarza; Guadeloupe and Martinique, croc a chien, arréte-beufs, fern-
ambouc, gendarme, arréte-négre.

4. Caesalpinia gilliesii Wall.
(Urban, 279.)

Tree, 1 to 4 meters high, unarmed; branches at first glandular; leaves imparipin-
nate; pinnae 10 to 20-jugate; leaflets 8 to 15-jugate, petioles glandular, subsessile,
oblong, obtuse, 4 to 8 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, membranous; racemes 15 to 30 cm.
long, simple; pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long, glandular-viscous; calyx lobes oblong, 2 to 2.5
cm. long; petals broadly obovate, 2.75 to 3.5 cm. long, yellow; legume oblique,
slightly faleate, compressed, glandular, 7.5 cm. long; seeds ovate.

Cultivated near Guanica. Native country, Argentina.

Local name, espiga de amor.

5. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.
(Urban, 279.)

Tree, small, glabrous, 3 to 5 meters high; branches unarmed, often with a glaucous
bloom; leaves bipinnate, 12 to 24 cm. long; pinnae 4 to 9-jugate; leaflets 5 to 12-jugate,
obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5 to 2 em. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide; racemes terminal
and from upper axils, bearing many showy, variegated, yellow and carmine, or rarely
pale yellow, flowers on long pedicels (5 to 7.5 cm.); calyx lobes glabrous, about 9 mm.
long; petals usually 1 to 2.5 cm. long; legume coriaceous, flat, 5 to 9 em. long, 1.5 em.
broad above, glabrous; seeds obovate-quadrate, compressed.

168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Yabucoa; near Utuado,
at Salto Arriba; near Mayaguez.—Florida Keys, Bahama (Dolley), Cuba, Jamaica,
Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium),
St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Vincent, Barbados (Sloane), Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach). The plant
is also found in America, Asia, and Africa. Native country unknown.

This elegant bush remains in flower all the year. In one variety the flowers are red,
in another yellow. The leaves, flowers, and seeds are largely used in native medicine.

Local name, clavellina. Cuba, cwacamaya (Sagra); Jamaica, flower fence of Barbados
or wild senna or Spanish carnation (Sloane), Barbados pride (P. Brown, Macfadyen);
France, poinciade or fleurs de paradis (Jacquin); Haiti, poincellade (Jager, Buch);
Danish Islands, dudeldu (Eggers); Guadeloupe, baraguette (Duchassaing, Duss); Mar-
tinique, arréte-beufs (Duss); Barbados, flower fence or Spanish carnation (Hughes);
Tobago, dudeldu (Eggers). .

25. MYROSPERMUM Jacq.

Myrospermum Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 4. 1760.
Calusia Bert.; DC. Prod. 2: 94. 1825, as section.

Calyx inflexed-turbinate, with very short, wide, membranous teeth; standard
obovate, the 4 inferior petals free, almost alike, curved, lanceolate, acute; stamens
free, persistent, with long filaments and small anthers; ovary stipitate, 2,to many-
seeded; style subulate, almost straight, with a small terminal stigma; pod stipitate,
compressed, indehiscent, with one seed at the apex, narrowed to the base, 2-winged,
the wing of the upper suture broader than that of the lower; seeds oblong.—Tree with
imparipinnate leaves; leaflets with pellucid lines and dots; flowers rather large, in
terminal racemes.

1. Myrospermum frutescens Jacq.

(Urban, 279.)

A small tree, 3 to 5 meters high or a large one 20 meters high; leaflets 5 to 7-jugate,
2 to 2.5 cm. long, membranaceous, oblong or oval, roundish, retuse or blunt at the
apex, glabrous, striate with pellucid lines; flowers white, the standard striped in the
middle with green; legume 5 to 7.5 cm. long (including the wing), as broad as the wing,
which tapers at the base into a short stalk.

Cultivated and seemingly wild near Coamo; near Pefiuelas, near Utuado, ina thicket
of Coffea arabica at San Andres; near Mayaguez.—St. Croix (Eggers). Native country
Trinidad, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Local names, cereipo, sereipo.

26. ORMOSIA Jacks.

Ormosia Jacks. Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 360. pls. 25, 27. i811.
Macrotropis DC. Prod. 2: 98. 1825.

Calyx campanulate with the 2 upper teeth subconnate and usually longer and wider,
often incurved; petals unguiculate; standard suborbicular or cordate; wings oblique,
_obovate-oblong; keel with the petals free; stamens free, unequal, all or all but one or
two perfect; anthers versatile; ovary subsessile, biovulate or multiovulate; style
filiform, involute at the apex; stigma introrse, lateral; pod oblong or more rarely
linear, usually short, compressed, coriaceous, fleshy or woody, 2-valved, continuous or
septate between the seeds; seeds obovate or oblong, rather thick, shiny, scarlet or
spotted with black.—Trees with imparipinnate or abruptly pinnate leaves; leaflets
coriaceous; flowers white, lilac, or blackish purple in terminal, more rarely axillary,
panicles, sometimes in racemes.

OE«_—__—<—<—<_<6'6s-

.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 169

1. Ormosia krugii Urb.
(Urban, 280.)

Tree 10 to 25 meters high; leaves 7 to 9-foliolate; petioles 20 cm. long; leaflets 7 to
15 mm. long, petiolulate, oval-or oval-elliptical, obovate or ovate, rounded or truncate
at the top, rounded or subtruncate at the base, 7 to 25 cm. long, 3.5 to 14 em. wide,
coriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower surface with minute adpressed hairs; inflores-
cence sometimes 35 cm. long, axillary or terminal, paniculate or subcorymbose; calyx
10 mm. long, pilose; petals dark violet; standard suborbicular, 12 mm. wide, spotted
with white or pale yellow; wings oblique, obovate-cuneate; keel petals free, oblique,
oblong, 13 to 14 mm. long; ovary 4 to 6-ovulate; pod 10 cm. long, 2 em. wide, con-
stricted between the seeds; seeds suborbicular or obovate-orbicular, 10 to 12 mm.
long, 6 to 9 mm. thick, carmine-red or spotted with black.

In the primeval woods near Bayamon; near Juncos, on Mount Guvuy; Sierra de las
Piedras, on Mount Frances; near Yabucoa, on Mount Piedra Azul at Jacana and on
Mount Cerro Gordo; near Adjuntas, on Mount Andubo and Mount Cedro; near Utuado,
at Roncador; in Sierra de Lares at Guajataca.—Dominica at Castle Bruce.

Local names, matos or palo de matos, peronia.

27. SOPHORA L.

Sophora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 373. 1753.

Calyx teeth short; standard obovate or orbicular, erect or spreading; wings oblong,
oblique; keel oblong, nearly straight, its petals usually imbricate or coherent along
the back; stamens perigynous or nearly hypogynous, free or rarely slightly connate
at the base; anthers versatile; ovary short-stalked, multiovulate; style incurved;
stigma minute, terminal; pod moniliform, terete or slightly compressed, coriaceous
and indehiscent in our species; cotyledons thick, the radicle sometimes straight and
short, sometimes longer and inflexed.—Trees or shrubs with imparipinnate leaves;
leaflets sometimes small and numerous, sometimes few and large, often with stipels:
flowers white, rarely a bluish-violet, in simple terminal racemes, these sometimes

aggregated in panicles.

1. Sophora tomentosa L.

(Urban, 280.)

A robust, erect shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches densely argenteous; petiole
2.5 cm. long; rachis 5 to 10 cm. long; leaflets 15 to 19, nearly sessile, oblong, 4 to 5 em.
long, slightly mucronate, the base slightly rounded, subcoriaceous, both sides densely
and permanently coated with adpressed gray-silvery tomentum; flowers in lax 12 to
30-flowered axillary and terminal racemes; pedicels 0.6 to 1.2 cm. long, argenteous,
with a lanceolate or linear bract at the base; calyx campanulate, 6 to 8 mm. deep,
subtruncate, argenteous; corolla, bright yellow, 1.8 cm. deep; pod 12.5 to 15 em. long,
with 5 to 8 coriaceous segments 6 to 8 mm. thick, connected by narrow necks.

Near Guanica, at Salinas; near Mayaguez in coast districts toward Guanajibo.—
Bermuda (Hemsley), South Florida (Chapman), Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba, Jamaica,
Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe (do.), Marie
Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Union (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248). A
cosmopolitan of the Tropics, often found on the seashore.

170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

28. CROTALARIA lL.

Crotalaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753.
Clavulium Desy. Ann. Sec. Nat. 9: 407. 1826.
Maria- Antonia Pari. Mar. Ant. Nov. Gen. 3. 1844.

Calyx laciniae free or more rarely the two upper ones and the three lower ones more
or less united; standard orbicular, more rarely ovate, usually callous above the short
claw; wings oblong or obovate, shorter than the standard; keel incurved or angled,
terminating inwards in a straight or incurved beak, rarely almost obtuse and not
beaked; stamens all united in a sheath open along the upper side; anthers alternately
long and erect and short and versatile; ovary sessile or distinctly stalked, with 2 or
more ovules; style much incurved or suddenly bent inward, with a longitudinal line
of hairs above the middle on the inner side; stigma terminal; pod round or oblong,
turgid or inflated, 2-valved, continuous within; seeds with a filiform funiculus.—
Herbs, shrubs, or undershrubs; leaves alternate, simple or digitately compound with
usually 3, rarely 1 or 5 or 7 leaflets; stipules free from the petiole, occasionally decur-
rent along the stem, sometimes large and foliaceous, sometimes small, rarely wanting;
flowers yellow, more rarely blue or purple, in simple racemes terminal, becoming
sometimes leaf-opposed, more rarely solitary; bracteoles small, on the peduncle or
adnate to the calyx tube, rarely wanting.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves simple (Section SmrpeiicrFoLiAe Benth.).

Stipules foliaceous, broadly decurrent, with a semilunar, incurved
top; leaves oval or oblong, sessile or subsessile; peduncle lat-
eral, elongated, few-flowered; calyx 5-parted, usually as long
as the corolla.

Peduncles reaching 10 cm.; flowers many; leaves reaching 7

cm.; pods stipitate. 1. C. stipularia.
Peduncles short, about 3-flowered; leaves 5 cm. long; pod
subsessile. : 2. C. sagittalis.

Stipules wantil®; leaves cuneate-oblong, shortly petioled, retuse

or very obtuse or faintly mucronate at the top; flowers in lax

terminal, elongated, many-flowered racemes; calyx bilabiate,

exceeded by the corolla. 3. C. retusa,

Leaves digitately trifoliolate (Section TrrroLioLATAE Baker).

Racemes both lateral and terminal, laxly 6 to 12-flowered, 5 to 10

cm. long, on peduncles 2.5 to 10 cm. long; corolla bright yel-

low; leaflets obovate or orbicular, 2.5 to 4 em. long, the com-

mon petiole 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long; pod oblong, broad, turgid,

clothed with fine spreading hairs like those of stem. 4, C. ineana.
Flowers 1 to 4 together in the axils of many of the leaves, if more

than one racemose or umbellate; corolla yellow, faintly veined;

leaflets elliptical-lanceolate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide,

common petiole 2 to 3.5 cm. long; peduncles short, 5 mm. long;

pod glabrescent. 5. ©. lotifolia.

1. Crotalaria stipularia Desy.
(Urban, 280.)

Annual, erect, 0.33 meter high or higher; leaflets oval or oblong, 2.5 to 7 em. long,
1 to 2.25 em. wide, sessile, subhirsute-pubescent on both sides; peduncle 5 em. long;
flowers yellow, small; calyx 5-parted, usually as long as the corolla, fulvopilose;

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 171

segments lanceolate; corolla about | cm. long; legume 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 8 mm. wide,
glabrous.

Near Bayamon along roads; near Coamo; near Mayaguez, on hills at Boquillas and
in coast districts at Algarrobo.—Cuba, Haiti, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Mar-
tinique, St. Vincent, Trinidad (Grisebach), Mexico. Frequent in the warmer regions
of South America.

Local name, cascabelillo.

2. Crotalaria sagittalis L.
(Urban, 280.)

Annual, hairy; stem 10 to 20 (sometimes 30) cm. high, erect, branching; leaves
simple, oval or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, pubescent with long, soft hairs,
scarcely petioled; stipules occasionally wholly wanting, usually present, united and
decurrent on the stem, obversely sagittate, nearly all, but especially those of the upper
leaves, large, the free portion triangular-lanceolate; peduncles rather short, about
3-flowered, opposite the leaves; corolla rather shorter than the calyx; legume scarcely
stipitate, coriaceous, several-seeded; seeds small, shining, black when ripe, rattling
in the inflated legume.

Near Bayamon, in\fields on the coast at Catano; near Yauco on Mount Duey.—
Jamaica, Haiti, North America, Mexico, and as far as Peru.

3. Crotalaria retusa L.

(Urban, 281.)

Annual, erect, 1 meter high; leaflets 5.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, very short-
petioled, glabrous above, sericeo-canescent beneath; raceme 15 to 30 cm. long; flowers
yellow, the standard variegated; calyx bilabiate, exceeded by the corolla; corolla
1.5 to 2.25 cm. long; legume 3 cm. long, 1.25 cm. wide, glabrous.

Near Bayamon along roads; near Catano; near Cabeza de San Juan; near Maunabo,
at Punta de la Tuna; near Patillas, in coast districts at Guardaraya; near Cabo Rojo
in pastures; near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St.
Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bar-
tholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique,
Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 244), Union (do.), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad.
Found in the warm regions of the globe; frequent in East India and in the Antilles.

The leaves and roots of Crotalaria retusa are used in popular medicine, and in Farther
India it is sometimes cultivated for its fiber.

Local names, matraca, sonajuelas; according to Stahl (cited by Cook and Collins,
p. 129), cacsabelillo grande.

4. Crotalaria incana L.
(Urban, 281.)

Annual or biennial, herbaceous, 0.66 to 1.33 meters high; branches clothed with
fine spreading brown silky hairs; leaflets obovate or orbicular, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 2 to
2.5 em. wide, glabrescent above, slightly silky beneath; petioles 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long;
flowers greenish yellow; calyx deeply 5-lobed, segments lanceolate, exceeded by
the corolla; corolla 1 to 1.25 em. long; legume pendulous, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, about
1 cm. wide.

Near Bayamon along roads; near Cabeza de San Juan on declivities; near Fajardo on
the river bank; near Juncos along roads; near Guayama; near Cayey along roads; near
Coamo on roads; near Adjuntas at Coral Viejo, near Guanica in thickets at the lagoon:
near Cabo Rojo, in pastures at Miradero; near Mayaguez at the fortress and on the
declivities of Mount Mesa; between Mayaguez and Afiasco along roads; near Rincon
in thickets on the seashore.—South Florida (Chapman), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman

é
’

172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

(Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St.
Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach),
Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 244), Barbados,
Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita. Cosmopolitan in the warm regions of the
world, but perhaps ar introduction in the Old World.

Local name, cascabelillo vacto.

5. Crotalaria lotifolia L.
(Urban, 281.)

Shrubby, diffuse, 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, sericeous on both sides;
peduncle 5 mm. long; flowers pale yellow; vexillum with red curving lines on the
inner side at the base; calyx deeply 5-parted, shortly exceeded by the corolla, lobes
lanceolate; corolla about 1.25 cm. long; legume spathulate-oblong, puberulous, 2 em.
long, 6 mm. wide. .

Near Fajardo in shady places; near Coamo, in the woods of Mount Ildefonso and in
thickets on the Juey River toward Salinas; near Guanica, in shady meadows at Mont-
alba and in thickets on the seashore; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo at Punta de Aguila.—
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), St. John; the varieties grandi-
folia and grandiflora in Martinique, Barbados, and tropical west Africa. A well-
known very distinct West Indian species.

Local name, cascabelillo avilar (Cook and Collins).

29. INDIGOFERA lL.

Indigofera L. Sp. Pl. 2: 751. 1753.

Acanthonotus Bentu. in Hook. Niger Fl. 293. 1849.
Sphaeridiophorum Dersvy. Journ. Bot. 3: 125. pl. 6: 1814.
Brissonia Desy. Ann. Sc. Nat. 9: 411. 1826.

Calyx small, oblique, campanulate or tubular, teeth equal or the lowest longest;
standard obovate, oblong, or suborbicular, sessile or shortly unguiculate; wings more
or less oblong, adhering a little to the keel; keel straight or slightly curved, obtuse, or
acuminate, gibbous or spurred on both sides; upper stamen free from the base, the
others connate; anthers uniform with glandular, apiculate or penicillate-pilose con-
nective; ovary sessile or nearly so, with several or rarely 1 or 2 ovules; style incurved,
short, filiform, usually somewhat curved; stigma terminal, capitate or penicillate-
pilose; pods oblong, linear or rarely globular, terete or rarely flattened, straight or
incurved, 2-valved, divided transversely between the seeds by cellular tissue; seeds
globular, or truncate at each end, or flattened.—Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs with
adpressed silky hairs fixed by the middle, and sometimes mixed with loose hairs or
tommentum; leaves unequally pinnate, more rarely digitate, 3-foliolate or reduced to 1
leaflet, sometimes simple; leaflets entire; stipules usually small, setaceous, somewhat
adnate to the petiole; flowers usually rose-red or purplish red, axillary, rarely sessile,
in racemes or spikes, these sometimes united into panicles.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Pod reflexed, sickle-shaped, 6 to 8-seeded. 1. J. suffruticosa.

Pod straight, shorter than in J. suffruticosa, 3 or 4-seeded. 2. I. guatimalensis.

l. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
(Urban, 282.)

A copiously branched shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; branches straight, woody, deeply
suleate, thinly silvery; stipules small, setaceous; petiole under 2.5 cm. long, firm,
erecto-patent; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, leaflets 6 to 8-jugate, oblong or obovate, 2 to 2.5

PERKINS—TAm LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 173

em. long by about half as broad, the lateral ones opposite, short-stalked, both sides
subglaucous and thinly silvery, the upper nearly or quite glabrous when mature, turn-
ing blackish when dried; racemes moderately dense, 2.5 to 5 cm. long when in flower,
nearly sessile; pedicel equaling the obliquely campanfilate, thinly silvery calyx,
which is not more than | mm. deep, the lower teeth lanceolate, reaching half way down,
the upper shorter; corolla fugacious, yellow, 3 to 4.5 mm. long.—Pod reflexed, sickle-
shaped, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 mm. thick, subtetragonous with thickened sutures, glabrous
when mature, 6 to 8 seeded.

Near Bayamon in cultivated localities; Sierra de Naguabo, near Rio Blanco; near
Yabucoa in the coast districts; near Patillas on the sea at Guardaraya; near Coamo, in
meadows between Serillos and Salinas; near Adjuntas on declivities at Saltillo; near
Guayanilla on calcareous mountains near Pefion; near Guanica, in fields at Punta de
los Pescadores and in coast districts near La Ballena; near Cabo Rojo in pastures; near
Mayaguez and Afasco.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St.
Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Guadeloupe,
Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Barbados,
Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. It is said to be a native of tropical
America.

Indigofera suffruticosa is much cultivated in the tropics and subtropics and from it is
prepared the well-known coloring matter, indigo. It is obtained in the following
manner. The plants are mowed just before the flowering time and soaked in water
until the liquid becomes a deep yellowish-green color. The fluid is then drained into
large vessels or into a cistern, where it is brought, as much as possible, in contact with
the air, by means of wheels and shovels, in order that it may take up oxygen. The
indigo substance becomes blue and insoluble in water, and sinks to the bottom in the
form of a blue powder. This is strained out by woolen cloths and dried. Indigo finds
extensive use as a dyestuff, coloring cotton, wool, and silk dark blue. Mixed with oil,
it forms a paint of great body, but one that is easily decomposed by pure air.

Local name, anil, indigo.

2. Indigofera guatimalensis Moc. & Sessé.
(Urban, 282.)

Shrub, 1.5 meters high; branches woody, deeply sulcate, thinly silvery; stipules
small, setaceous; petiole about 1 cm. long, firm erecto-patent; leaves 4.5 to 6 cm. long;
leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, oblong or obovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, the lateral ones
opposite, short-stalked, the upper one with a petiolule 5 mm. long, all clothed on both
sides with rather long gray hairs; racemes | to 1.5 cm. long, nearly sessile; pedicel about
1 mm. long; calyx pilose, 1 mm. deep; corolla 3 mm. long; pod erect, straight, subtet-
ragonous, pilose, 1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, with thickened sutures, 3 or 4-seeded.

Near Cabo Rojo in pastures; near Mayaguez, on hills toward Boquillas; near Rincon
on declivities at Calvache.—Cuba (cultivated, Prain and Baker), St. Thomas, Mar-
tinique (introduced), Guatemala (Prain and Baker), Venezuela, Ecuador (Prain and
Baker), Peru.

This plant differs from J. swffruticosa in having thick pods which are smaller and
fewer-seeded.

30. DALEA L.

Dalea Juss. Gen. 355. 1789, not P. Br. 1756.
Parosela Cay. Desc. 185. 1802.

Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, often glandular; the segments subequal; petals unguicu-
late, the claws of the wings and keel united with the stamen-tube to the middle, decid-
uous by an articulation; standard free, inserted at the bottom of the calyx, the limb
cordate; stamens 10 (rarely 9) monadelphous, the tube cleft; ovary sessile or shortly

174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATION@® HERBARIUM.

stipitate with 2, rarely 3 to 6 seeds; legume membranous, inclosed in the calyx, inde-
hiscent, usually with only 1 seed.—Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, dotted
with glands; leaves unequally pinnate (rarely trifoliolate); leaflets small, usually
numerous, rarely 3, very rarely only 1, entire; stipules minute, setaceous; flowers
white, blue, purple, rarely yellow; spikes pedunculate, terminal or opposite the leaves,
dense, often capitate, rarely loosely-flowered.

|. Dalea domingensis DC,
(Urban, 283.)

Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby, 0.5 to 2 meters high; stem branched above, leaves
4 to 5 cm. long; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, oblong or obovate-oblong, 10 to 13 mm. long, 5 to
6 mm. wide, entire, emarginate, the base cuneate, gray-silky on both sides, with pellu-
cid glandular dots; petiolule about | mm. long; spikes terminal or opposite the leaves,
about 2 em. long; calyx with long, beautifully plumose setaceous teeth, glandular;
corolla 11 mm. long; flowers purple, rose-colored and white in the same spike; standard
small, cordate, with several small glands near the middle; pod membranaceous.

Between Coamo and Salinas, in meadows; near Yauco, in meadows by the river near
the town; near Guanica, in thickets on the seashore near Cano Gordo.—Cuba, Haiti,
St. John. From Texas and New Mexico to Venezuela and Colombia.

31. TEPHROSIA Pers.

Cracca L. Sp. Pl. 2: 752. 1753.
Tephrosia Pers. Syn. 2: 328. 1807.

Calyx-teeth or lobes subequal, or the lower larger than the rest, the 2 upper ones more
united; petals unguiculate; standard suborbicular, often tomentose or sericeous on the
outside; wings obliquely obovate or oblong, adhering a little to the keel; keel incurved,.
obtuse or subacute; upper stamen free to the base or middle; anthers uniform; ovary
sessile, with many or rarely | or 2 ovules; style incurved or inflexed, more or less flat-
tened with a terminal stigma, often slightly penicillate; pod linear, or rarely ovate,
flattened, 2-valved, continuous or slightly septate within; seeds often with a small
strophiole.—Herbs, undershrubs, more rarely shrubs; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets
numerous, rarely only 1 to 3, the veins in most species numerous, parallel and oblique
to the midrib; stipules setaceous or wider and then striate; flowers red, purple, or
white, in pairs or clusters, in terminal, leaf-opposed, or rarely axillary racemes, the
lower clusters occasionally or sometimes all in the axils of the leaves.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Perennial with a thick rhizome; stipules subulate or lanceolate;
leaves 5 to 7-jugate; leaflets obtuse, with a mucro; flowers | to 1.5

cm. long, pale purple. 1. 7. cinerea.
Stipules setaceous; leaves 2 or 3-jugate; leaflets obtuse, emarginate;
flowers 7 mm. long, blood-red. 2. T. catvartica.

|. Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.@

(Urban, 283.)

Perennial with a thick rhizome, 33 to 45 cm. high; leaves 5 to 7-jugate; leaflets cune-
ate-oblong or linear, obtuse, mucronate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide; stipules
lanceolate or subulate; raceme 7.5 to 15 em. long; flowers pale purple or rose-colored,
10 to 15 em. long; calyx 5 mm. deep; standard 11 mm. long; pod 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, 4

mm. wide, 5 to 9-seeded.
aCook and Collins, p. 128, as Cracca cinerea,

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 175

Near Bayamon, in coast districts at Catafio; near Cabeza de San Juan, in coast dis-
tricts; near Patillas, in thickets on the seashore at Guardaraya; near Coamo, around Los
Bafios along roads, in the valley of El Tendal River in rocky ground, on El Fuerte
River, and near the Salinas Lagoons; near Pefuelas; near Yauco; near Guanica, in coast
districts between Barina and La Boca and at Salinas; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo at Los
Morillos; near Mayaguez, in coast districts at Algarrobo; near Rincon at Cabo San Fran-
cisco.— Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Millspaugh), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix,
St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St.
Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Désirade (Grisebach), Marie Galante
(Duss), Dominica (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Tobago, Margarita, Curagao. Tropical
continental America.

On account of the strong resemblance of the Tephrosia species, it is often difficult
to distinguish them. T°. cinerea differs from T. purpurea in having calyx teeth that
are almost twice as long as the tube. The racemes are also shorter in 7’. cinerea.

In tropical America the young branches and leaves of this plant are crushed and
mixed with quicklime, and the mixture used for narcotizing fish.

Local name, anil cenizo.

2. Tephrosia cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Urb.¢
(Urban, 283.)

The stem woody, branches firm, angular, thinly gray-silky; stipules setaceous,
minute, 2 mm. long; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, imparipinnate, 2 to 3-jugate; leaflets
oblong or obovate-oblong, 1.4 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide, gray-silky on both
sides, entire, blunt, emarginate, papyraceous; petiolule of lateral leaflets 1 mm. long,
that of terminal one 6 mm.; racemes both terminal and leaf-opposed, lax, 5 to 15 em.
long; flowers solitary or in pairs, bracts minute; pedicel about 2 mm. long; calyx 4
mm. long, pilose outside, the Janceolate, acuminate teeth exceeding the tube; flowers
blood-red, 7 mm. long; pod linear, downy, 3.5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, stipitate, 5 or
6-seeded.

Near Mayaguez, in coast districts at Algarrobo; near Rincon at Cabo San Francisco;
near Vega Baja, in sandy soil.—Bahama, Cayman, Haiti, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Ruatan
Island (Bay of Honduras), Cartagena.

Poiret says that Cytisus sessiliflorus Poir. has been collected in Porto Rico, but the
original specimen was probably collected by Ledru or Riedlé in Trinidad, not in
Porto Rico.

32. BARBIERIA DC.

Barhverra DC. Prod. 2: 239. 1825.
Barbiera SPRENG. Gen. 2: 587. 1831.

Calyx long-tubuliform, with acute subequal segments; petals with long claws;
standard oblong, narrowed below into a claw; wings oblong, adhering to the keel;
petals of the keel longer than the wings, obtuse; upper stamen free, the others con-
nate; anthers uniform; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style long, slender, bearded on
the inner side; pod linear, straight, compressed, 2-valved, indented between the
seeds on the outside, septate; seed transverse, oblong.—Shrubs; leaves imparipin-
nate; leaflets entire, numerous; stipels long, subulate; stipules acuminate-subulate;
flowers 2 or 3 together, in terminal or axillary racemes, rather large, red; bracts and
bracteoles lanceolate-subulate.

@ Cook and Collins, p. 128, as Cracca leptostachys.

25734—voL 10, pr 4—07——-4

176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Barbieria pinnata ( Pers.) Baill.¢
(Urban, 284.)

Herb or undershrub, 0.5 to 4 meters high; leaflets 15 to 21, oblong or ovate-oblong,
stipellate, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.25 em. wide, mucronate, membranous, with scattered
hairs above, appressed-sericeous below; racemes 8 to 10 cm. long; flowers vermilion;
calyx tube 19 mm. long, calyx teeth 10 mm. long, colored; corolla 5 to 6 em. long;
standard twice as long as the calyx; pod 5 to 6.5 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, pilose; seeds
black.

Near Bayamon, in shady places; near Utuado, on slopes at Pellejas; near Maricao,
on slopes; near Lares, on shady slopes at Palma Llanos; near Mayaguez, on Mount
Mesa and at Mayaguez-Arriba; near Aguada, in the forests at Piedra Blanea.—Cuba,
Haiti, tropical South America.

Noticeable are the long calyx and showy red flowers of this species. It has also
long, pinnate leaves, with many leaflets, which are pubescent on the lower surface.

Local name, enredadera.

33. GLIRICIDIA H. B. K.
Gliricidia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 392, 393. 1823.

Calyx teeth broad, short, the two upper ones subconnate; standard large, reflexed,
sometimes with a pair of inflexed auricles at the base; wings arcuate-oblong, trans-
versely plicate, free; keel obtuse, inflexed; upper stamen free, the rest connate,
forming a sheath; anthers uniform; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style awl-shaped,
inflexed, glabrous, or beneath the stigma somewhat hairy; stigma small, terminal;
pod stalked, broadly linear, unwinged, 2-valved, not septate within, the valves
coriaceous.—Trees or shrubs; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets entire, not stipellate;
stipules small; flowers rose-colored, in axillary racemes, or in fascicles on the old
wood; bracts and bracteoles small or wanting.

1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.
(Urban, 284.)

Tree 8 meters high or higher; leaflets 9 to 17, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
broadly acuminate, obtuse at the apex, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, subco-
riaceous, subglabrous; flowers in many-flowered racemes, rose-colored; calyx with 5
very small teeth, glabrous or slightly pilose outside, 4 to 5 mm. deep; standard 20 to
25 mm. long, rose-colored, yellow above the base, keel inflexed; ovary glabrous; pod
10 to 20 cm. long, 1.1 to 2 cm. broad, subligneous.

‘Near Afiasco. Not indigenous in Porto Rico, but introduced from Cuba (Gundlach);
Jamaica (Hansen); Haiti (Picarda); Domingo (Millspaugh).—Mexico, Nicaragua,
Guatemala, Yucatan, Panama.

In the specimens from Mexico and Yucatan the flowers are irregularly spotted and
striped with brownish-purple, and Urban makes of them a new form (forma maculata
Urb.; Robinia maculata H. B. K.). According to Preuss, this tree is much used in
Nicaragua for shading coffee and cacao. It is also grown for hedges.

Local names: Nicaragua, madre de cacao, madera negra (Preuss); Cuba, bien vestida
(Gruner); Mexico, cacaguananchi (Lamb); Carthagena, mata raton or maton (Jacquin).

4 Cook and Collins, p. 89, as Barbieria polyphytla.

~I
~]

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. ]

34. CORYNELLA DU.

Corynella DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4: 33. 1825.
Corynitis SPRENG. Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 263. 1827.
Tovotropis Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 19%: 506. 1846.

Calyx teeth very short or awl-shaped and elongated, the two upper ones connate;
standard suborbicular, clawed, reflexed; wings oblong-oblique; keel slightly incurved,
longer than the wings and standard; upper stamen free; anthers uniform, with glandu-
lar, often colored connective; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style upwards incrassate;
stigma small, slightly capitate; pod oblong, lanceolate, compressed, 2-valved.-
Shrubs; leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate; leaflets stipellate; stipules stiff, some-
times spinous; flowers purple, solitary or fascicled at the older nodes of the branches;
bracts small; bracteoles wanting.

1. Corynella paucifolia DC.
(Urban, 284.)

Shrub 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaflets 3 to 5-jugate, oblong or obovate-oblong, 1 to 2
em. long, 0.5 to 1 em. broad, coriaceous, rounded at the apex, often mucronate, cuneate
at the base, glabrous; flowers solitary or fascicled along the rachis, blue (Eggers), or
blue becoming white, keel violet (Sintenis).

Near Yauco on the sides of Mount Duey; near San German, on a declivity at Lajas
Arriba.— Haiti.

The pretty blue flowers of this shrub appear before the leaves.

Local name, retama.

35. SABINEA DC.

Sabinea DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4: 92. 1825.

Calyx membranous, broadly campanulate, truncate, almost entire or shortly den-
tate; standard wide, suborbicular, erect or reflexed; wings oblong-falcate; keel inflexed,
obtuse, as long as or somewhat longer than the wings; upper stamen free, the rest
equally long, or 5 longer and farther connate; anthers uniform; ovary stipitate, multi-
ovulate; style filiform, much inflexed, glabrous; stigma small, terminal; pod linear,
compressed, continuous within, 2-valved, the valves at length spirally curved; seeds
rather flat, ovoid or reniform.—Trees or shrubs; leaves paripinnate; common petiole
terminating in a point; leaflets caducous; stipules usually setaceous, caducous; flowers
purple, solitary or fascicled, on the older nodes of the branches; bracts small, brac-
teoles wanting.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Keel oblong; stamens subequal; style suberect. 1. S. punicea.
Keel obliquely obovate; 5 posterior stamens one-half as long as the

5 anterior (all fertile); style and the upper part of the ovary falcate-

incurved. 2. S. florida.

1. Sabinea punicea Urb.
(Urban, 285.)

Probably shrubby;-stipules subulate, 3 to 5 mm. long; leaflets 10 to 20, obovate or
sometimes oval, rounded or subrotundate subapiculate at the apex, 9 to 15 (some-
times even 26) mm. long, 5 to 9 (sometimes even 16) mm. wide, glabrous beneath or
thinly pilose on the middle nerve, lateral nerves on each side 4 or 5, densely reticulate;
flowers in the axils of the leaves, many, on a shortened branch, pedicels 0.7 to 1.5 em.
long; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous, minutely dentate; standard subtriangular-orbicular,

178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. :

very obtuse at the apex, 17 to 18 mm. long, 13 or 14 mm. wide; wings oblong, erect,
rounded at the apex, 17 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; keel petals free above, connate below,
20 mm. long; upper stamen free, the rest connate to the middle, subequal; ovary
stipitate; legume linear, 5 to 6 mm. wide.

Flowers and leaves appear at the same time.

Near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa (230 meters altitude); near Maricao, on the slopes of
Mount Alegrillo. Indigenous.

Local name, caracolillo (Sintenis). -

2. Sabinea florida (Vahl) DC.
(Urban, 285.)

Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; leaflets 8 to 15-jugate, oblong or elliptical-oblong, 8 to 15
mm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, sericeous beneath, often mucronate; calyx 3 mm. long,
subentire, turbinate; wings obovate, 1.3 cm. long; keel broad, semiorbicular, 17 to 18
mm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide; flowers pale lilac or pale violet, axillary, fascicled, bloom-
ing before the leaves appear.

Near Bayamon; near Fajardo on Mount Emajagua toward Ceiba; near Yauco on the
Duey River not far from Mount Rodadero; near Sabana Grande at the cataract of
Estero River; near Cabo Rojo, in thickets on the seashore around Puerto Real; near
Quebradillas, and near Manati, in thickets at Rio Arriba Saliente.—Crabb Island
(West), St. Thomas, St. John, Dominica (Grisebach).

Local name, retama.

36. CRACCA Benth.

Cracca BentTH.; Oersted, Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. 8. 1853, not L. 1753.
Benthamantha Auer. Bonplandia 10: 264. 1862.
Brittonamra O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 164. 1891.

Calyx with subequal subulate-acuminate laciniae; petals subequal; standard orbicu-
lar or reniform with reflexed sides; wings oblong-obovate; keel wide, acute or slightly
beaked, inflexed; ovary sessile, with numerous seeds; style slightly stiff, inflexed,
bearded; stigma capitate; pod linear, compressed, 2-valved, septate, outer surface
with impressed transverse lines; seeds almost square.—Perennials with imparipinnate
leaves; leaflets stipellate; flowers yellowish or whitish in axillary racemes.

1, Cracca caribaea (Jacq.) Benth.a

(Urban, 285.)

Shrub 0.5 to 2 meters high, sericeous-pubescent (rarely glabrescent); leaflets 7 to
9-jugate, lanceolate-oblong, 1.6 to 2 cm. long, mucronate; racemes peduncled, few-
flowered; flowers 1 to 1.2 em. long, white, standard rose-white or sometimes rose
colored; calyx lobes twice as long as the tube, the lowest longer and exceeding half
the keel.

Near Cabeza de San Juan, in shady ravines toward the sea; near Fajardo in coast dis-
tricts; near Coamo, in meadows between Serillos and Salinas, in the valley of El Fuerte
River in rocky places, and in woods near Mount San Ildefonso; near Pefuelas along
roads; near Guanica, in thickets on the lagoons and in forests at Mount Ensenada.—
Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew
(Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Désirade (Grisebach), Dominica (do.),
Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Bequia. Central America, Venezuela,
Ecuador.

a4 Cook and Collins, p. 128, as Cracca aniloides.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 179

37. SESBANTIA Scop.

Seshania Scop. Introd. 308. 1777.
Agati ApANs. Fam. 2: 326. 1763.
Darwinia Rar. Fl. Ludovy. 106. 1817.

Calyx broadly campanulate, truncate or with nearly equal teeth or lobes; standard
ovate or orbicular, spreading or reflexed; wings oblong; keel incurved, obtuse, or acumi-
nate, with a long claw; upper stamen free, geniculate near the base, the others united
in a sheath, angled near the base; anthers uniform or the 5 alternate somewhat longer;
ovary usually stipitate with numerous seeds; style with a small terminal capitate
stigma; pod long-linear, rarely oblong, compressed, terete or tetragonal, or 4-winged,
2-valved or indehiscent, septate; seeds oblong or quadrate.—Herbs or shrubs, rarely
arborescent; leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets very numerous, entire; stipules cadu-
cous; flowers often large, sometimes very large, usually yellow, red, variegated, or
white, very rarely a dark purple, in short loose axillary racemes; pedicels slender;
bracts and bracteoles setaceous.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers in short few-flowered racemes.
Flowers large, white or carmine-red; petals 8 to 9 cm. 1ong;

calyx 2 cm. deep; shrub or tree. 1. S. grandiflora.
Flowers small, a dull yellow, 1.2 cm. long; calyx 3 mm. long;
herb. 2. &. sericea.

Flowers in lax, 4 to 12-flowered racemes.
Flowers orange-colored or yellow; petals 2.25 cm. long; calyx

6 mm. deep; leaves slightly irritable. 3. S. occidentalis.
Flowers bright yellow; petals 1.25 cm. long; calyx 4 mm.
deep; leaves not irritable. 4. S. aegyptiaca.

1. Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.a
(Urban, 286.) iy

A tall shrub or small tree of very few years’ duration; leaflets 10 to 30-jugate; flowers
white or carmine red; legume linear, 30 or more cm. long, nearly 6.5 mm. wide, com-
pressed; seeds separated by spurious dissepiments.

Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Cabo Rojo; at Mayaguez,
jn a garden.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St.
Croix, St. John (Eggers), Gaudeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent. Indigenous perhaps
in the East Indies and north Australia. Cultivated in the Tropics everywhere.

S. grandiflora is most noticeable on account of its large and showy red flowers, which
make it one of the most beautiful of the Papilionatae. In India the root, bark, flowers,
| and the juice of the leaves are used medicinally, while the natives eat the tender
leaves, pods, and flowers as a vegetable and in curries. Cattle also eat the leaves and
tender shoots. The wood is white, soft, and not durable; is, however, used in Bengal
| for posts of native houses and for firewood, and as a support for the pepper vine. This
species yields a gum resembling kino, of a garnet red color when fresh, but becoming
almost black by exposure to the air.

Local names, gallito, bdculo, cresta de gallo.

/

2. Sesbania sericea (Willd.) DC.
i (Urban, 286.)

Plant 1 to 3 meters high; stem suffrutescent, unarmed, cylindrical, pubescent;
leaflets 12 to 20-jugate, oblong-linear, 1.6 to 2.4 em. long, 4 to 6 mm. broad, blunt or

aCook and Collins, p. 68, as Agatti grandiflora.

ae

180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

retuse-mucronulate, irritable; racemes short, few-flowered, 4 times or more exceeded by
the leaves; flowers 1.2 em. long, of a dull yellow; calyx one-third as lor.s as the corolla;
teeth subulate; standard dotted with purple; legume 20 to 25 cm. long, compressed,
at length biconvex, not torulose, shortly beaked, slightly depressed, tumid on both
margins.

Near Guanica in the water of the lagoon; near Mayaguez, along roads in coast districts
near Algarrobo and around the fortress; near Aflasco in moist meadows at Hatillo.—
Bahama, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique.

3. Sesbania occidentalis (Willd.) Pers.
(Urban, 286.)

Undershrub, stem angular, suffrutescent or shrubby, 2 to 3 meters high; leaflets 12
to 20-jugate, slightly irritable; flowers yellow or orange-colored, with red lines, the
standard dotted with purple; legume 20 to 25 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, compressed,
at length biconvex; seeds separated by spurious dissepiments.

Near Ponce in ditches and in moist localities; near Guanica, in the water of the bay
opposite La Plata; near Cabo Rojo around the hacienda Carmelita; near Mayaguez,
on the sides of ditches in Cuesta de las Piedras. —Cuba, Haiti, Trinidad (Grisebach).
Indigenous in the West Indies.

Although the difference in the size of the leaves and the form of the leaflets between
Sesbania occidentalis and S. grandiflora is very slight, the difference in the size of the
flowers is very noticeable, those of S. grandiflora being at least 5 times as large as those
of S. occidentalis.

Local name, sesbania.

4. Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.
(Urban, 286.) |

An erect, copiously branched, pale green glabrous shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters, even 3
meters high; leaves nearly sessile, the unarmed rachis on the upper ones 5 to 10 cm.
long; leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, glabrous, glaucous green, reaching 2.5 cm. in length, 4
mm. broad, blunt with a faint mucro; peduncles 2.5 to'5 cm. long; racemes lax, 6 to
12-flowered; pedicels spreading, 0.4 to 0.8 cm. long; calyx 0.4 cm. long, glabrous, the
teeth very short, deltoid-cuspidate; corolla bright yellow, 1.25 em. long, the round
emarginate standard 1.25 cm. broad, more or less dotted with purple; pod 15 to 20 em.
long, 3 to 4 mm. thick, distinctly torulose, 20 to 30-seeded, the valves rounded on the
back.

Near Coamo between Serillos and Salinas.—Cuba, Jamaica (Grisebach). South-
eastern North America, warmer regions of Africa, tropical Asia, and North Australia.

The wood of this plant is soft and fibrous but rather close-grained, the weight 75
pounds to the cubic foot. In the Deccan, Sesbania aegyptiaca, is grown to furnish poles
as a substitute for bamboo, and it is often utilized while growing to shade and support
the pepper vines and various cucurbitaceous plants. In Assam the soft, pithy stems are
platted into mats, portions of them being dyed black before being matted so as to work
outa bold pattern. It is, in Bengal, in common use asa hedge plant, for which purpose
its very quick growth renders it suitable. The bark is made into rope, according to
Brandis. Seeds, root, juice of the bark, leaves, and flowers are used medicinally.
The leaves and young branches are cut for fodder.

38. PICTETIA DC.
Pictetia DC. Bibl. Univ. Geneve 29: 40. 1825.

Calyx with unequal slender lobes, the two upper ones short and obtuse, the three
lower longer and acuminate; petals shortly unguiculate; standard suborbicular;

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 181

wings obliquely oblong, somewhat longer than the obtuse keel; upper stamen free;
ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style filiform; stigma terminal, capitate; pod stalked,
oblong or widely linear, compressed, without articulations or separating into 1 to 6
oblong, coriaceous, striate ones; seeds oblong or ovoid, somewhat flat.—Shrubs, gla-
brous; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 3 to many, spinescent or pungent; stipules
often pungent; flowers yellow, in the axils of the leaves, solitary or in slender few-
flowered racemes; bracts and bracteoles caducous. ‘

Professor Urban has written a monograph of the West Indian species of this genus,
which is nearly related to Ormocarpum. He distinguishes two sections. The first,
Racemosae Urb., is characterized by the numerous (15 to 25) leaflets, truncate or
usually emarginate at the apex, and by the elongated inflorescence. To this section
belong two species: P. obcordata DC. (San Domingo) and P. aculeata (Vahl) Urb.
(widely distributed in the West Indies, first described by Vahl as Robinia aculeata).
The second, Fasciculatae Urb., has the leaflets fewer (3 to 7), linear or obovate, acumi-
nate or rounded at the apex; the inflorescence short with fasciculate flowers. This
section comprises also two species: P. spinifolia Urb. (occurring in Haiti and San
Domingo) and P. marginata Sauv. (found as yet only in Cuba). P. De Candolle, the
author of this genus, which is very characteristic of the West Indian Leguminosae,
enumerates six species, of which Urban thus admits only four.

1. Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb. 4
(Urban, 287.)

Shrub 3 to 4 meters high or tree 10 meters high; petioles 0.7 to 1.5 cm. long; leaflets
15 to 25, obovate-orbicular, rotundate, or obcordate, truncate or sometimes broadly
emarginate at the top, rounded or subtruncate at the base, 0.7 to 2 cm. long and wide;
pedicels 25 down to 12 mm. long; flowers yellow; calyx-tube 3 to 4mm. long; standard
17 to 22 mm. long; pod broadly linear, more or less incurved, 2.5 to 5 em: long, 5 to 7
mm. wide, with 2 to 6 articulations.

Near Fajardo, in copses on the seashore toward the light-house; between Arroyo
and Guayama, along roads; near Coamo, in woods at San Ildefonso; near Pefuelas in
woods; at Salinas de Cabo Rojo in forests on the seashore.—Haiti (Jacquin), Vieques
(De Candolle), Water Island, St. Thomas, St. John (Eggers), St. Croix (Jacquin),
Trinidad (probably cultivated). ,

Local name, tachwelo. St. Thomas, fustic.

39. AESCHYNOMENE lL.

Aeschynomene L. Sp. Pl. 2: 7138. 1753.
Aedemone Korscuy, Oestr. Bot. Zeitsch, 8: 116. 1858.
Herminiera Guru. & Perr. FI. Seneg. Tent. 201. pl. 57. 1832.

Calyx lobes 5, nearly equal or united into two lips, either entire or the upper one
2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed; petals with short claws; standard orbicular; wings obliquely
obovate-oblong, about equal to the standard; keel sometimes obovate, obtuse, nearly
straight, sometimes narrow, acute or beaked, and much curved, the petals free or con-
nected by means of little hairs, or connate; stamens usually all united in a sheath more
or less split on both the upper and the lower edge, dividing the stamens into 2 bundles
of 5 each; anthers reniform; ovary stipitate, with 2 to many ovules; style incurved, the
stigma terminal, sometimes subcapitate; pod stipitate, more or less linear, straight,
annular, or faleate, smooth or muricate on the flat or slightly convex faces, separating
into 2 to many short, flat, usually indehiscent, reticulated articulations.—Procumbent

4 For illustrations see Cook and Collins, pls. 42, 43, facing p. 218 (as Pictetia aristata).

182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

or erect herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs with equally or unequally pinnate leaves; stip-
ules membranous or foliaceous, lanceolate or setaceous; flowers seldom large, usually
small, sometimes very small, gold-colored or pale yellow, often streaked with purple,
fugacious, in axillary or rarely terminal racemes; bracts resembling the stipules in
form. Bracteoles usually addressed against the calyx, often caducous.

KEY TO THE SPECIES,
Leaves 10 to 30-jugate.

Leaflets l-nerved; stipules semisagittate; flowers whitish in

lax few-flowered racemes; peduncle 1.5 cm. long; pod long-

stipitate, straight, the joints quadrate, rectilinear on the

superior, slightly curved on the inferior margin. 1. A. sensitiva.
Leaflets 3-nerved; stipules calcarate; flowers yellow or purple

in dense racemes; peduncle véry short; pod shortly stipi-

tate, incurved, contracted at the dissepiments, the joints

half-round, rectilinear on the superior, rounded on the in-

ferior margin. 2. A. americana,
Leaves 4 or 5-jugate. 3. A. portoricensis.

1. Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw.

(Urban, 287.)

Shrubby or suffrutescent, 1 to 4 meters high; stipules 6 to 9 mm. long, semisagittate,
caducous; leaves 2 to 10 cm. long; leaflets 15 to 20-jugate, linear-oblong, 6.5 to 9 mm.
long, 2 to3 mm. wide, glabrous, glaucous, sensitive; flowers 2 to 4, in very lax racemes;
calyx 4mm. deep, cleft nearly to the base; corolla pale yellow, the standard red-veined
outside, not more than 0.6 mm. deep; pod 3.5 to 5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, 6 to 9-jointed,
the lowest articulation on a pedicel 0.6 mm. long, the upper suture nearly straight,
lower deeply indented, the face with a few scattered setae, black.

Near Bayamon, in moist meadows at Pueblo Viejo; near Fajardo in ditches; Sierra de
Luquillo, in swampy places half-way to the top of Mount Jimenez; near Aibonito, in
swamps at Buena Vista; near Utuado, on the Rio Grande River at Salto Arriba; near
Guanica, in swamps on the lagoon toward La Plata; near Cabo Rojo in swamps; near
Mayaguez, on the sides of ditches and on Mount Mesa at 330 meters altitude; near
Afiasco in moist fields toward the sea; near Lares, in grassy places at Anones.—Cuba,
Haiti, Guadeloupe, Dominica (Swartz, Grisebach), Martinique, St. Lucia (Swartz),
St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach). Tropical Africa.

A common American plant, extending from the West Indies to Brazil.

A, sensitiva, like the next, seems to be inhabited by ants. The plant can be read-
ily recognized by its semisagittate stipules, and its lax few-flowered racemes.

Local names, yerba rosario, yerba de cienega.

2. Aeschynomene americana L.
(Urban, 287.)

Stem herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 3 to 5 em. long; leaflets
10 to 30-jugate, oblong-linear, 7 to 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; flowers pale yellow, some-
times nearly white with dark red lines; calyx 4 mm. long; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long, yel-
low or purple; pods 2 to 4 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, glabrous.

Near Bayamon in meadows; between Aibonito and Coamo along roads; near Coamo
at the river in Farajones; near Maricao on Mount Montoso; near Sabana Grande toward
La Plata along roads; near Mayaguez, on the bank of the river and at the base of Mount
Mesa; near Afiasco in ditches around Hatillo.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St.
Croix, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago,

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 183

Trinidad (Grisebach). Found in many parts of tropical America, also introduced in
the Old World. Frequent as a weed on cultivated land.

The large spurred stipules of A. americana are used as a dwelling place by ants. By
the form of the stipules it can easily be distinguished from A. sensitiva. The half-round
joints of the pod, rectilinear on the superior, rounded on the inferior margin, are also
striking.

Local name, yerba rosario.

3. Aeschynomene americana villosa (Poir.) Urb.

(Urban, 288.)

Flowers orange-colored.

Near Aibonito, at Algarrobo; near Cayey at 330 meters altitude; near Guanica, on
gravelly banks at Barina; near Maricao in pastures; near Mayaguez around the fortress;
near Rincon, in rocky places at Barrio del Pueblo; near Aguada, on plains at Piedra
Blanca.—Cuba, Martinique.

4. Aeschynomene portoricensis Urb.
(Urban, 288.)

Perennial or undershrub; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long; leaflets
obovate or oval, rounded at the top, subcordate at the base, 5 to 8 mm. long; inflo-
rescence 10 to 15 mm. long, axillary, simple, | or 2-flowered; flowers yellow, 5 mm.
long; pedicel 3 to 5 mm. long; calyx 2.5 mm. long; petals subequal; pod 4 to 5 mm.
long, stipitate, the articulations 2 to 4; seeds subtriangular-ovate, olive-green, smooth,
shiny. .

Near Maricao; near Manati, in the sand on the shore of Lake Tortuguero.—
Indigenous.

This is the only one of the Porto Rico Aeschynomenes that has 4 or 5-jugate leaflets.

40. STYLOSANTHES Sw.
Stylosanthes Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 108. 1788.

Calyx with an elongated filiform tube and scarious lobes, the four upper ones
connate, the lowest distinct, elongate; petals and stamens inserted at the throat of
the tube; standard orbicular or suborbicular, emarginate; wings oblong, free; keel
incurved, subrostrate; stamens all connate, in a closed tube, the anthers alternately
longer and fixed near the base and shorter and versatile; ovary nearly sessile at the
base of the tube, 2 or 3-ovulate; style long, filiform, after flowering broken at the
middle or near the base, the portion that remains becoming decurved; stigma
minute and terminal; pod subsessile, compressed, crowned with the persistent
curved base of the style, the articulations usually two, sometimes solitary, rugose-
reticulated.—Pilose, often hirsute-setose, sometimes viscous herbs or undershrubs;
leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, lanceolate to linear; stipules adnate to the petiole except
the long, free, subulate apices; flowers yellow, axillary or terminal, in dense spikes
or heads.

1. Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub.@
(Urban, 288.)

Stems procumbent or diffuse, from a few centimeters to 1 meter high; leaflets
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 17 mm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, pointed, glabrescent;
flowers yellow, in bracteate spikes 15 mm. long, single or with an accessory striate

@ Cook and Collins, p. 245, as Stylosanthes procumbens.

is

pedicel; legume sessile, 2 or 1-jointed, usually l-seeded, mucronate by the uncinate
style base.

Near Bayamon in coast districts at Palo Seco; between Aibonito and Coamo on
rocks; near Coamo in sunny copses on Juey brook; near Guanica, in rocky coast dis-
tricts at Calo Gordo; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo in the sandy soil of the seashore.—
Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. John (Eggers),
St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Antigua (Tau-
bert), Guadeloupe, Désirade, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Bar-
bados, Grenada. North and South America.

Local name, zarzabacoa enana.

184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

41. ARACHIS lL.

Arachis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 741. 1753.
Mundubi Apans. Fam. 2: 323. 1763.
Arachidna Morencn, Meth. 121. 1794.

Calyx tube filiform, the lobes membranous, the four upper ones connate, the lowest
thin, distinct; petals and stamens inserted into the apex of the tube; standard sub-
orbicular, wings oblong, free; keel incurved, rostrate; stamens all connate in a closed
tube, sometimes only 9; anthers alternately longer and shorter, fixed near the base
and versatile; ovary subsessile at the base of the tube, 2 or 3-ovulate, the torus after
the flower falls becoming an elongated, deflexed, rigid stalk forcing the fruit into
the ground, the apex acute, and after the style falls terminated by a stigma-like
callus; style long, filiform; stigma minute, terminal; pod ripening beneath the soil, |
oblong, reticulated, indehiscent, subtorulose, but not articulated, continuous within; |
seeds 1 to 3, irregularly ovoid.—Low, often prostrate herbs; leaves paripinnate;
leaflets usually 2-jugate, rarely one abortive; stipules adnate to the petiole; flowers
yellow or whitish, in axillary, solitary, sessile, dense spikes; bracts often auriculate;
bracteoles linear.

1. Arachis hypogaea L.
(Urban, 289.)

Stems 30 to 60 cm. long, herbaceous, diffuse, the branches clothed especially
above with spreading hairs; stipules 2.5 cm. long, the lower half adnate, the points
lanceolate; petioles 2.5 to. 35 em. long, silky; leaflets in two pairs, without a termi-
nal one, obovate, 3 to 5 cm. long by more than half as broad; flowers yellow, axil-
lary, solitary, on long slender pedicels, only the lower ones fertile; pod 2.5 cm. long,
1.2 cm. thick.

Cultivated and seemingly wild near Bayamon; near Yauco, on Mount Duey in
maize fields; near Mayaguez.—Cuba (Sagra), Jamaica (Grisebach), St. Thomas
(Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John (do.), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua
(Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent. Culti-
vated everywhere in the Tropics. It is probably a native of Brazil, to which coun-
try the six other species of the genus belong exclusively.

Arachis hypogaea, the peanut, groundnut, goober, Manila nut, is not only found in
all tropical countries, but is sometimes cultivated in southern Europe (in Italy, Spain,
and France) and is extensively grown in the United States, from Virginia southward. —
In the United States the seeds are consumed in very large amounts after roasting,
being sold on the streets and eaten between meals, while smaller but considerable
quantities are used in confectionery and in the form of “peanut butter.’’ In the Old
World millions of bushels are utilized for making an oil which is similar to the finest
olive oil and is largely substituted for it. The oil cake is used as food for live stock,
and in Spain from it is made, by mixing it with cacao, sugar, and spices, a kind of
chocolate, which is the daily food of the poorer people. a

alld

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 185
According to Cook and Collins the Porto Rican peanuts are very small in size and
not many are grown.
Local name, mani.
42. ZORNIA (mel.

Zornia GMEL. Syst. 27: 1076, 1096. 1791.
Zonarva Steup. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 101. 1840.

Calyx tubuliform-campanulate, membranous, the two upper teeth rather long, sub-
connate, the two lateral ones much shorter, the lowest lanceolate-oblong, almost as
long as the upper ones; petals unguiculate; standard suborbicular; wings obliquely
obovate or oblong; keel incurved, subrostrate; stamens all connate in a tube; anthers
alternately longer and shorter, attached near the base and versatile; ovary sessile,
multiovulate; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; pod compressed, the upper
suture nearly straight, the lower deeply sinuate, the articulations indehiscent, smooth,
or echinate; seeds orbicular or subreniform.—Herbs or suffrutescent; leaves equally
pinnate; leaflets 2 or 4, often punctate; stipules usually foliaceous; flowers solitary,
sessile or shortly stipitate, in lax terminal or axillary spikes hidden each by a pair of
persistent bracts; bracteoles wanting.

1. Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers.
(Urban, 289.)

Herb; stem 30 cm. or more long, slender, herbaceous, glabrous, diffusely branched
from the base; stipules lanceolate; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, the leaflets in a single pair
at the apex, lanceolate 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 9 mm. wide, the edge slightly ciliate, the
surface glabrous; flowers in lax axillary stalked racemes 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 6 to 8 in num-
ber, hidden each by a pair of persistent bracts, which are ovate, rigid, 6 to 9 mm. long,
slightly bristly-ciliate; calyx 3 to 4.5 mm. long, scarious; corolla 6 to 9 mm. long,
purplish; pod sometimes exceeding the bracts, articulations 2 to 4, the bristles 1 to 2
mm. long.

Near Bayamon in sandy meadows; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo on the edge of the
woods; near Mayaguez, on slopes of Mount Mesa; near Aflasco; near Aguada, on plains
at Rosario; near Manati, in sandy soil at Campo Alegre around Tortuguero Lake.
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (De Candolle), Guadeloupe, Désirade
(Grisebach), Dominica (do.), Martinique, St. Lucia, Barbados, Trinidad (Grisebach).
This plant is found everywhere in the tropics and subtropics.

Zornia diphylla is stacked by the Foulahs of western Africa for horse provender. It
is sometimes used as a remedy against fever.

Local name, zarzabacoa de dos hojas.

43. DESMODIUM Desy.¢

Meibomia ApANns. Fam. 2: 509, 575. 1763.
Desmodium Desvy. Journ. Bot. 1: 122. pl. 5. fig. 15. 1813.
Pleurolobus J. St. Hil. Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. 3: 192. 1812.

Calyx with campanulate or turbinate short tube, the upper two teeth more or less
united, the other three acute or subulate-acuminate; petals sessile or unguiculate;
standard oblong, obovate, or suborbicular, usually narrowed toward the base, seldom
obtuse or subcordate above the claw; wings obliquely oblong, adherent to the keel
without appendage or by means of a membrane or a tubercle; keel straight, sometimes
incurved, obtuse, rarely rostrate; upper stamens free at the base, toward the middle

@Cook and Collins, pp. 188, 189, as Meibomia.

186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

connate with the others; ovary sessile or stipitate; style inflexed; stigma small, ter-
minal, often capitate; pod exserted, sessile, or stipitate, compressed, superior suture
straight or like the inferior more or less sinuate, with 1 to many membranous or cori-
aceous articulations, flat or rarely subturgid, glabrous or more or less hispid, usually
indehiscent at maturity and separating from one another, sometimes dehiscing by the
inferior suture; seeds 2 to many, ovoid or globose-reniform, compressed.—Herbs or
shrubs, sometimes arboreous or scandent; leaves bipinnate; leaflets usually 3, some-
times only 1 (the terminal), rarely 5, often rather large, with stipels; stipules often
scarious, striate, or connate; flowers small, rose-colored, purple, bluish, or white, in
compound rarely simple racemes, terminal, or axillary; occasionally solitary or a few
fascicled in the axils; bracts often membranous, subulate, striate, persistent, or
caducous; bracteoles distinct and persistent or very small and caducous, often entirely
wanting.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers in terminal, short, crowded racemes, or 2 to 4 together
in the axils of, or opposite to the leaves.
Flowers in short, crowded racemes, in pairs in the axils
of the wide caducous bragts. (Section NicoLsonta.) 1. D. barbatum.
Flowers 2 to 4 together on long filiform pedicels in the axils
of the leaves or opposite to them, more rarely in few-
flowered terminal racemes, when they are solitary in the
axils of the bracts. (Section-SaGcorta.) 2. D. triflorum.
Flowers in lax, usually elongated, racemes or panicles.
Upper suture of the pod straight, the lower deeply indented;
pod indehiscent. (Section HETEROLOMA.)
Bracts rather large and wide, before florescence im-
bricate. 3. D. ascendens.
Bracts small, inconspicuous.
Stipules more or less connate at the base.
Articulations of the pod 2; stipe longer than

the calyx. 4. D. avillare. ©
Articulations of the pod numerous; stipe
shorter than the calyx. _ 5. D. supynum.

Stipules usually free, only the younger ones
slightly connate.
Stipules cordate. 6. D. albiflorum.
Stipules oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate. 7. D. wydlerianum.
Both sutures of the pod deeply indented, indehiscent.
(Section CHALARIUM. )
Pod strongly constricted, more or less tortuous.
Pod with 2 articulations, superior one enlarged,
fertile. 8. D. molle.
Pod with many equal articulations.
Perennial, erect; stipules oblique-subulate;
pod tortuous, at length flattened; articu-
lations obicular, flat. 9. D. tortuosum.
Annual flaccid, at length subscandent, rooting
at the base; pod very tortuous and lasting
so; articulations rhomboid-orbicular. 10. D. spirale.
Pod slightly constricted at the dissepiments, not tor- é
tuous; articulations oval-linear. 11. D. scorpiurus.

3

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 187

1. Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth.
(Urban, 290.)

Suffrutescent, erect, or ascending, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets 3, elliptical-oblong,
obovate, or elliptical-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, above glabrous
or subpilose, beneath appressed-villose; calyx 4.4 mm. deep, at length nodding, very
long brown-pilose, the teeth lanceolate-setaceous, the tube very short; corolla light
blue or purple, about as long as the calyx; legume 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide,
indehiscent, the upper suture straight, the lower somewhat indented, reflexed, 2 to
4-jointed.

Near Bayamon, in sandy places; near Lares, in ravines at Espino; near Cabo Rojo,
on hills toward Joyuda; near Mayaguez, on the slopes of Mount Mesa; near Aguada,
in rocky districts at Rosario; near Manati, on plains at Garrochales.—Cuba (Grise-
bach), Jamaica, Haiti, Martinique, St. Lucia, Tobago, Trinidad. In tropical America,
a common plant, in pastures, and on the roadside. Also introduced into the Old
World.

The short, many-flowered racemes and the deep, densely plumose calyx make this
common plant of the Tropics easily recoginzed.

Local name, zarzabacoa peluda.

2. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.a@
(Urban, 289.)

Stem widely creeping, copiously and diffusely branched, forming a dense matted
cluster, the branches slender, glabrous or thinly clothed with fine spreading silky hairs;
stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 4.4 mm. deep; leaflets 3, broadly obovate, terminal one
8.5 to 11 mm. long and nearly as broad, lateral ones smaller, both sides glabrous or
subglabrous; flowers blue (Urban); calyx 4 mm. deep, silky, teeth reaching more
than halfway down; corolla reddish or white (Oliver), fragrant, about equaling the
calyx; pod 1.1 to 1.7 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, the lower suture waved one-third of the
way down; articulations 4 to 6, the faces subglabrous.

Near Naguabo in fields around Hacienda Oriente; near Cayey along roads toward
Cidra; near Coamo, in the valley of El Tendal River on grassy slopes; near Cabo Rojo
on hills toward Joyuda; near Rincon in meadows at Barrio del Pueblo.—Cuba, Jamaica,
Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stock-
holm Herbarium), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vin-
cent, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad. Mexico to Brazil, tropical Africa, East Indies.

Desmodium triflorum is acommon weed of the Tropics. The fresh leaves are used
medicinally. In India Roxburgh says that this is very common on pasture grounds
and helps to form the most beautiful turf; further, that cattle are very fond of it.
Miller recommends its cultivation in regions too hot for clover. Another author
says that in India it springs up on all soils, supplying there the place of Trifolium and
Medicago.

Local name, zarzabacoa de tres flores.

3. Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.

(Urban, 290.)

An undershrub 1 to 1.3 meters high, with ascending woody branches; leaflets 3,
obovate, 1.8 to 2.5 cm. long, sometimes nearly as broad as deep, the apex rounded,
subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower finely adpressed-silky; racemes often 15

= —_ —_ — _ ———e

@ For illustration see Cook and Collins, jig. 12, p. 189 (as Meibomia triflora).

188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

cm. long; bracts ovate, cuspidate, equaling the slender pedicels, 8.8 to 13 mm. long,
spreading ultimately from the rachis at right angles; calyx 6 mm. deep, teeth linear,
reaching down nearly to the base; corolla purple or reddish, rarely white, twice as long
as the calyx; pod 1.2 to 2 cm. long, 2.2 mm. broad, joints 3 to 6, the lower suture
waved halfway down.

Near Bayamon in moist sandy soil at Catafio; Sierra de Luquillo halfway to the top
of Mount Jimenez in woods; Sierra de Naguabo, near Minas de Cobre at Rio Blanco;
near Los Mameyes; near Juncos on roadsides; near Hato Grande on Mount Gregorio;
between Aguas Buenas and Caguas along roads; between Caguas and Cayey along
roads; near Cayey at Quebrada Arriba; near Aibonito along roads; near Adjuntas, on
the declivities of Mount Andubo and on Mount Cedro; near Maricao; near Mayaguez,
on declivities of Mount Mesa.—Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Kitts (Grise-
bach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada,
Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach). This is a common American species, but in the Old
World is only known in Africa. .

Local name, zarzabacoa galana.

4. Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC.
The Porto Rican material is included in the following varieties and form:
4a. Desmodium axillare obtusifoliola (Kuntze) Urb.
(Urban, 291.)

Herbaceous, rarely suffrutescent, creeping, rooting, 30 to 45 cm. long, clothed with
very short soft inconspicuous hairs intermixed with hamate ones; leaflets 3, rhomboid,
ovate-rhomboid or orbicular-rhomboid, 3.5 to 5.5 em, long, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide, obtuse
or rounded at the apex; flowers rose-colored, dark rose-colored, or reddish-violet, about
5 mm. long, the pedicel 6.5 to 13 mm. long; legume long-stipitate, the suture slightly
notched, the dorsal margin sinuate as deep as to the ventral suture; articulations del-
toid-semioval, 7 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm wide.

Near Bayamon in shady places; Sierra de Luquillo in woods halfway to the top of
Mount Jimenez; near Los Mameyes in moist localities among herbs; near Cayey, in a
thicket of Coffea arabica at Pedro Avila; near Adjuntas, in woods on Mount La Vaca.—
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, Costa
Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Chile.

This plant is extremely common in shady places in Porto Rico.

Local name, zarzabacoa de monte.

4b. Desmodium axillare acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb.

(Urban, 292.)

Stem densely clothed with long, soft hairs intermixed with short, often very incon-
spicuous, hamate ones; leaflets ovate or ovate-elliptical, acuminate; flowers pale pur-
ple; articulations of the pod 6 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide.

Near Bayamon in the woods at Pueblo Viejo, near Juncos on Mount Santo de Leon.—
Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Guiana, and Brazil.

4c. Desmodium axillare forma robustius Urb.

(Urban, 292.)

The stem thicker than in variety angustatum, 3 mm. thick and densely hirsute; ter-
minal leaflet 12 em. long; flowers rather longer than in variety angustatum; wings 5
min. long; pod articulations 10 mm. long, 6 mm. wide; calyx red-brown; petals pale
rose-colored; stamens rose-colored; anthers pale yellow (ex Sintenis).

Sierra de Luquillo, in woods halfway to the top of Mount Jimenez.

Bins:

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 189

4d. Desmodium axillare sintenisii Urb.
(Urban, 292.)

Pubescence of the stem very short; leaflets ovate, long-acuminate; flowers white;
pod articulations 9 to 10 mm. long, 6.5 to 7 mm. wide.

Sierra de Luquillo, halfway to the top of Mount Jimenez; Sierra de Yabucoa, in the
primeval forests of Mount Cerro Gordo and Mount Sombrero.— Haiti.

5. Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC.
(Urban, 290.)

A diffuse undershrub 60 to 90 cm. high, branches finely gray-pubescent upward;
stipules connate to the middle, at length subdistinct, lanceolate, scarious; leaflets 3,
central one oblong or obovate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, generally under half as broad, its
petiolule short, its stipellae minute; lateral leaflets smaller and more rounded at the
base, subcoriaceous, the upper surface glabrous, the lower thinly and finely pubescent;
calyx 2.2 mm. deep, the teeth lanceolate, reaching halfway down; corolla red, becom-
ing blue or pale purple, 6.5 to 8.5 mm. deep; pod 2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, with 5 to
8 articulations, which are considerably longer than broad.

Near Bayamon in grassy places; near Fajardo along roads and in the river valley
toward the mountains; near Juncos along roads; near Maunabo at Punta Tuna; near
Cayey at Quebrada Arriba in thickets; near Cabo Rojo along roads around Puerto
Real; near Mayaguez.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St.
Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew
(do.), St. Kitts, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia
(Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach),
Margarita.

A common tropical American species, occurring also in Africa and the Mauritius.

Local name, zarzabacoa.

-5a. Desmodium supinum angustifolium (Griseb.) Urb.

(Urban, 291.)

-

Plant 1 to 1.5 meters high; flowers conspicuous, pale blood-red or pale purple.

Between Aibonito and Coamo, near Algarrobo, in thickets; near Coamo, in the valley
of El Tendal River; near Rincon, on shady mountains at Barrio del Pueblo.—Cuba,
Haiti, Antigua (Grisebach).

6. Desmodium albiflorum Salzm.
(Urban, 292.)

Stem diffuse, 15 to 30cm. high; leaves sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly ovate,
about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse or rarely somewhat acute, membranous; stipules cordate,
acuminate, free or at the back connate; flowers white; calyx about 2.2 mm. deep,
petals 6.5 mm. long; pod subsessile, its articulations indefinite in number, usually 5
or 6, these when mature 6.5 mm. long, 4.4 mm. wide.

Near Cayey, in coffee plantations at Pedro Avila; near Coamo, in coffee plantations
at Farrajones.—Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, and Brazil (Bentham, Hemsley).

7. Desmodium wydlerianum Urb.
(Urban, 292.)

Perennial (?), procumbent below, rooting at the nodes, ascending above, shortly
pubescent; leaflets triangular-ovate or rhomboid, acuminate, subtruncate at the base,

ale
¢
|

190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, above shortly pilose, beneath subglabrous; inflores-

cence 10 to 15cm. long; calyx about 2mm. long; flowers violet; standard suborbicular

or orbicular-ovate, 4 mm. long; stamens 9; pod (immature) with 2 or 3 articulations.
Eastern part of the island (Schwanecke, Wydler).—Grenada, Tobago.

8. Desmodium molle (Vahl) DC.
(Urban, 292.)

Erect; stem shrubby; branches herbaceous, striate, 1.3 to 2 meters high; leaflets 3,
ovate, 4 to5 em. long, 1.25 to 2.75 em. wide, membranaceous, pubescent on both sides;
stipules subulate-setaceous; flowers very small, 3.3 mm. long, greenish outside, dark
blue within; calyx segments linear, long; pod membranaceous, flat; articulations at
first elliptical, reniform with a lateral notch when mature, 6.5 to 8.5 mm. long, 4.4 to
5mm. wide.

Near Coamo in meadows between Serillos and Salinas: near Juana Diaz, along roads
about Escalabrado; near Guanica, on declivities at Punta de la Meseta and in thickets
at Montalba.—Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Vahl), Martinique,
Curacao, Central America, South America.

The legume of D. molle is quite unlike that of any other Porto Rican Desmodium.
It has a pod with 2 elliptical articulations, of which the upper is enlarged and fertile,
and when mature hasa lateral notch. This is the only pod with a reniform articulation
within this genus in Porto Rico.

9. Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
(Urban, 293.)

Erect, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; stem striate, cylindrical, the down uncinate; leaflets 3,
ovate or ovate-oblong, the terminal one 2.5 to 10 cm. long, | to 4.5 cm. wide, hispidu-
lous or glabrescent; pedicels filiform, longer than the flower; flowers small, purple or
pale blue; calyx 2 to 3 mm. deep; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; pods with 2 to 6 articula-
tions, constricted nearly to the center.

Near Bayamon, in shady localities and along roads toward Toa Baja; near Fajardo
in cultivated places; near Maunabo on shady slopes between Emajagua and Punta del
Naranjo; between Aibonito and Algarrobo in steep places at the roadside; near Barran-
quitas, on declivities at Isabon; between Aibonito and Coamo along roads; near Coamo,
at Salinas; near Juana Diaz along roads; near Pefiuelas on the top of Mount Vi and on
plains around Mount Llano; near Guanica on gravelly banks around Barinas; near
Mayaguez; near Rincon, in the mountains at Calvache and on the plains toward
Aguada.—Cuba, Jamaica, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique,
St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 246), Mustique (do.), Grenada, Central
America, North America, South America.

Local name, zarzabacoa, junquillo.

10. Desmodium spirale (Sw.) DC.
(Urban, 293.)

Stems annual, 30 to 45 em. high, slender, diffuse, slightly pubescent; petioles 1.2 to
2.5 cm. long; leaflets 3, the terminal one roundish or ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long; 1.2 to 2.5
em. broad, the lateral ones smaller, subpapyraceous, both sides green, glabrous; pedi-
cels 6.5 to 8.5 mm. long, spreading, very slender, glabrous; flowers in Porto Rican
specimens always white; calyx 2.2 mm. long, deeply cleft; corolla slightly exceeding
the calyx, greenish variegated with purple; pod 9 to 12 mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide; articu-
lations 4 to 6, separated by very narrow spaces, often spirally twisted.

%

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 191

Near Bayamon; near Aibonito, at Cari-Blanco; near Coamo, in the valley of El Fuerte
River, in meadows around Serillos at Salinas, and on grassy declivities toward Aibon-
ito; near Juana Diaz, along roads around Escalabrado; near Pefiuelas in the rocky plains
at Tallaboa Alta; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, in plains at Barrio del Pueblo.—Cuba,
Jamaica, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), St. John (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Gua-
deloupe, Martinique (Duss), St. Vincent, Union (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Barbados,
Trinidad (Grisebach). Common in tropical America; found also in the East Indies,
Africa, and the Polynesian Islands.

Local name, zarzabacoa espiral.

11. Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv.
(Urban, 293.)

Procumbent, rooting at the base; stem angular; leaflets 3, oval or oblong, 1.5 to 4
cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, clothed on both surfaces with long,
silky, appressed hairs; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. deep, deeply cleft; corolla slightly exceed-
ing the calyx, peach-colored, rose, or purple, becoming white; pod subsessile,
uncinate-pubescent, slightly constricted at the dissepiments, the joints 2 to 7, oval-
linear, minutely truncate at both ends, the terminal pointed.

In Bayamon around the church; near the town in fields; near Fajardo in cultivated
places; between Aibonito and Algarrobo on precipices near the roads; between
Aibonito and Coamo on declivities; near Coamo, on Mount Santana and in the valley
of El Fuerte River; near Utuado, in ravines at San Andres; near Cabo Rojo, on hills
toward Joyuda.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas (Grisebach), St. Croix (Eggers),
Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent,
Grenada, Trinidad, Margarita.—Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru.

A plant common in pastures.

Local name, zarzabacoa cola de escorpion.

44. ALYSICARPUS Neck.

Alysicarpus Neck. Elem. 3: 15. 1790.
Fabricia Scop. Introd. 307. 1777, not Adans. 1763.
Hegetschweilera HEER & REGEL, Cat. Sem. Hort. Turic. 1842; Bot. Zeit. 1: 47. 1843.

Calyx deeply cleft, the lobes stiff and dry, striate, subequal, the two upper ones
connate almost to the apex; standard orbicular or obovate, narrowed into a claw;
wings obliquely oblong, adherent to the keel; keel obtuse, slightly incurved, usually
with a little membrane on the outside on both margins; upper stamen free; ovary
sessile or substipitate, multiovulate; style filiform, inflexed upwards; stigma termi-
nal, sometimes oblique, usually broadly capitate; pod terete or somewhat compressed,
equal or constricted between the articulations, these roundish or truncate at the
ends and indehiscent; se@ds ovate or orbicular.—Erect or diffuse herbs, glabrous or
loosely hairy; leaves simple in our species (or very rarely 3-foliate); stipules mem-
branous, scarious, acuminate, free or connate; flowers small, in terminal or rarely
axillary racemes, the pedicels usually in pairs; bracts and bracteoles usually scarious,
caducous. f

1. Alysicarpus nummularifolius (L.) DC.¢

(Urban, 294.)

A perennial, tufted or much branched at the base, the stems decumbent or ascend-
ing, from a few centimeters to 25 cm. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent; leaves on
short slender petioles, the lower ones cordate-orbicular or oval, not 1.2 cm. long, the

« Cook and Collins, p. 74, as Alysicarpus vaginalis.
25734—VvoL 10, pr 4—07——5

192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

upper ones from oval-oblong to lanceolate-linear, and often 2.5 em. long or more, all
obtuse; calyx about 4.4 mm. long, the lobes very narrow, ending in a subulate almost
hair-like point, the two upper ones less united than in most species; petals pale
purple, becoming blue, scarcely exceeding the calyx; pod often 1.8 em. long or
rather more, obscurely wrinkled, the separation of the articulations marked by trans-
verse raised lines, without any or rarely with a slight contraction.

Seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon in coast districts at Palo Seco; near Fajardo
in rocky localities toward Ceiba; near Pefuelas, in rocky districts at Tallaboa Alta;
near Cabo Rojo, in grassy places at the base of Mount Buenavista.—Jamaica, Haiti,
St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Kitts (Grisebach), St. Martin (Stockholm Herba-
rium), St. Bartholomew (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 246), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad.
A common weed in the tropics of the Old World and introduced into America.

Local name, yerba de contrabando.

45. DALBERGIA lI.. f.
Dalbergia L. f. Suppl. 52, 316. 1781.

Calyx with the two upper teeth broader and the lowest rather longer than the
others; standard broadly ovate or orbicular; wings oblong; keel slightly incurved,
obtuse, its petals connate on the back at the apex; stamens all connate in a sheath
slit above, or the upper one free or absent, or the sheath also slit below or the lowest
sometimes also free; anthers small, erect, the cells dehiscing by a small apical slit;
ovary stalked, biovulate; style almost straight; stigma small, terminal; pod orbicular
or broadly oblong, flat or corky, indehiscent, l-seeded, subemarginate at the upper
suture.—Loosely branched or sarmentose shrubs; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets usu-
ally alternate, many or rarely reduced to 1; flowers in small panicles in the axils of
the leaves.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaflets solitary, pale and tomentose beneath, rarely glabres-

cent, ovate, obtuse, acuminate; stamens 10; pod orbicular,

2.5 to 3 cm. in diameter, thick, subligneous. 1. D. hecastophyllum.
Leaflets 3 to 5, both sides glabrous, or with a few scattered

hairs beneath, ovate, acuminate; stamens 9; pod roundish,

oblong, blunt at both ends, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,

flat, shining, not much thickened, subligneous. 2. D. monetaria.

1. Dalbergia hecastophyllum (L.) Taub.
(Urban, 294.)

‘Shrub 2 to 3 meters high or tree 6 to8 meters high, with firm woody branches; leaves
unifoliolate, rarely bifoliolate; leaflets 7 to 10 cm. long, 4.5 to 5 em. wide; petiole 1
cm. long; flowers in small cymose panicles, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, axillary; calyx cam-
panulate, 5 mm. «leep; corolla white, more than twice as long as the calyx.

Near San Juan, in thickets near the sea at Cangrejos; near Yabucoa in coast districts;
near Ponce, in littoral thickets at Pefion; in coast districts near Mayaguez at Algar-
robo; near Rincon; near Quebradillas.—South Florida (variety psilocalyx Radlk.),
Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Grisebach,
Eggers), St. John, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Marti-
nique, St. Vincent, Bequia, Barabdos, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad’ (Grisebach).
Tropical America, especially near the sea, from south Brazil to Florida and Central
America; also in west tropical Africa.

=

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 193

Dalbergia hecastophyllum (L.) Taub., a plant common in maritime thickets, has
solitary leaflets, 10 stamens, and a pod that is nearly round, while the only other
Porto Rican species, D. monetaria, has 3 to 5 leaflets, 9 stamens, and an oblong pod.

Local names, maray-maray, palo de pollo.

2. Dalbergia monetaria L. f.

(Urban, 295.)

Shrub 2 to 4 meters high; stems firm, woody, wide climbing; leaves 15 to 17 em.
long; leaflets 8 to 13 cm. long, 4 to 5.5 cm. wide; flowers in small panicles in the axils
of the leaves, 1.5 to 3 em. long; calyx 5 mm. deep, green; corolla more than twice as
long as the calyx, white or yellow-white; anthers yellow, becoming brown; mature
fruit brown.

Near Bayamon in mountain thickets and woods; Sierra de Luquillo, in the woods
between Mavi and Mount Jimenez; near Juncos on the river bank; near Hato Grande,
on the shady river bank opposite Mount Gregorio; near Yabucoa, on the edge of the
forests at Jacana, in primeval forests at Guayavota, and in La Pandura at Santa Elena;
near Aibonito; near Utuado, on the edge of the primeval forest at San Andres and in
copses on the Rio Grande River at Saltillo Arriba; near Maricao in mguntain woods;
near Sabana Grande in the woods near the cataract of Estero River; near Mayaguez.—
Cuba (Grisebach), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad.
Tropical America, north Brazil, Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana.

Local names, palo de brasilete, membrillo.

46. DREPANOCARPUS 4G. IF. W. Mey.

Drepanocarpus G. F. W. Mey. Prim. FI. Esseq. 236. 1818.
Nephrosis Ricu.; DC. Prod. 2: 420. 1825.
Orucaria Juss.; DC. loc. cit.

Calyx campanulate, obtuse at the base, truncate at the apex, the teeth short;
standard broadly ovate or orbicular, on the outside silky; wings oblong, often falcate;
keel incurved, its petals connate at the back; stamens all connate in a sheath slit
above, or both above and below, or more rarely the upper one free; ovary short-
stalked, 1- (rarely 2-) ovulate; style slender, incurved; stigma small, terminal; pod
falcate or suborbicular, compressed, thick-leathery, the upper suture intruse, the
lower very much arched, with 1 large, reniform, compressed seed.—Erect tree or high-
climbing shrub; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets usually alternate; stipules often spinous;
flowers small or moderately large, purple, violet, or white; racemes short, fascicled or
branched, axillary or in terminal panicles; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles under
the calyx orbicular, persistent.

1. Drepanocarpus lunatus (L. f.) G. F. W. Mey.
(Urban, 296.)

An erect bush or small tree 2.to 3 meters high, with firm glabrous branches and with
sharp, subfalcate spines from the nodes; petioles short; rachis 5 to 10 em. long; leaflets
5 to 11, short-stalked, oblanceolate or oblong, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, blunt, rigidly coria-
ceous, both sides glabrous, the veins slightly raised; panicles copious, axillary and
terminal; calyx glabrous, 6 mm. deep; corolla lilac, 6.5 to 8.5 mm. deep; pod 1.8 em.
broad, curved round so that the point touches the base, subligenous, the curve 3 to
3.5 em. broad; pedicel 6 mm. long.

Near Bayamon, in the forest at Palo Seco; near Los Mameyes, in the Manglar swamp
at La Carmelita; near Humacao, in littoral thickets near Punta Candela; near Maun-
abo, in thickets at Punta de Tuna; near Mayaguez.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix

194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

(Eggers), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent (do.). Tropical
America and western Africa.
This plant grows chiefly near the seashore and is noticeable on account of its short,
sharply recurved spines and its pod, which is so bent that the point touches the base.
Local names, palo de hoz, escambron.

47. PTEROCARPUS lL.

Pterocarpus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1662. 1763.
Moutouchi Ausu. Pl. Gui. 2: 748. pl. 299. 1775.
Moutouchia Benru. Ann. Wien Mus. 2: 94. 1838.

Calyx campanulate, often incurved, narrowed at the base, the two upper teeth
more or less connate; standard broadly ovate or suborbicular; wings obliquely
obovate or oblong; keel with its petals resembling or shorter than the wings, free or
shortly connate on the back; stamens all connate in a sheath slit above or both above
and below, or the upper one free; ovary sessile or stipitate, 2 to 6-ovulate; style fili-
form, slightly incurved; stigma small, terminal; pod compressed, indehiscent, orbicu-
lar or broadly ovate, more or less oblique, the style lateral or terminal, seminiferous
in the centergand there more or less incrassated, with a wing round the border;
seeds 1 or 2, oblong or subreniform, if 2 separated by a hard septum.—Trees; leaves
imparipinnate, leaflets alternate or almost opposite; flowers usually showy, yellow,
rarely white or violet, in terminal or axillary, simple or compound racemes; bracts
and bracteoles small, caducous.

1. Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq.
(Urban, 296.)

Trees 25 to 30 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, alternate, ovate or oblong, acuminate,
shiny, 5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5.2 em. wide, the veins on both sides conspicuous, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, the petiolules 6 mm. long; flowers in compound racemes, yellow;
calyx strongly oblique, 4 to 5 mm. deep,,turning black in drying; corolla 1.3 em.
long; standard violet-colored on the edge, at the middle; pod glabrous, stipitate,
corky-rugose, with a very oblique axis, l-seeded, surrounded by a narrow wing, ~
which is less distinct on the carinal edge, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; wing 6.5 to 8.5 mm.
broad on vexillar edge.

Near Bayamon in swampy localities; Sierra de Luquillo, in the woods of Mount
Jimenez; near Mayaguez.—Jamaica (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent, Trinidad. Tropical America, Central America.

From Pterocarpus officinalis, the only species found in Porto Rico, is obtained a
kind of kino known as ‘‘ American dragon’s blood.’’ The tree is tapped and the sap
collected, which when dried in the sun forms a hard mass that is used in medicine
as an astringent and in fanning and dyeing. Large pieces of the substance are dark
red, while smaller pieces are transparent.

Local name, palo de pollo.

48. LONCHOCARPUS It B. K.

Lonchocarpus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 383. 1523.°
Sphinctolobium Voc. Linnaea 11: 417, 1837.
Neuroscapha Tux. Ann. Se. Nat. II. 20: 137. 1843.

Calyx often cupuliform, truncate, the teeth very short or wanting; standard orbicu-
lar, obovate, more rarely oblong, with 2 auricles at the base above the claw; wings
obliquely oblong or falcate, sigEey adhering to the keel above the claw; keel arcuate

@ Cook and Collins; p. 226, as s Pterocarpus draco.

are.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 195

or nearly straight, the obtuse petals slightly cohering along the back; upper stamen
free at the base, sometimes united with the others in a closed tube; ovary more or less
stalked, biovulate or multiovulate; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; pod oblong
or elongated, membranous or coriaceous, flat, indehiscent, the style scar terminal,
persistent, sutures not winged but the upper sometimes laterally dilated; seeds 1 or 2,
rarely more, flat, almost reniform or orbicular. Trees or woody climbers; leaves
imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, rarely with stipels; stipules small, narrow; flowers
violet, purple, or white, in simple racemes or raceme-like panicles, usually in pairs
or clusters along the rachis; bracts and bracteoles usually small, deciduous, more
rarely persistent. ;
KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Flowers usually in pairs along the rachis; leaflets glabrous; stand-
ard usually sericeous on the outer surface; pod oblong or linear,
the upper suture, especially near the seeds, with a projecting
ridge; flowers rose-colored.
Standard callous or auriculate at the base; leaflets 7 to 11.
(Section Neuroscarut Benth.) 1. L. domingensis.
Standard not callous or auriculate at the base; oadtets 6 5or7. 2. L. glaucifolius.
Flowers many, usually small; standard glabrous or thinly silky
on the outer surface; sutures of the pod not dilated or thick-
ened. (Section Densiriorti Benth.) 3. L. latifolius.

1. Lonchocarpus domingensis (Pers.) DC.

(Urban, 296.)
4

Tree 15 meters high, young branches brown-tomentose becoming glabrous; leaves
17 to 19 cm. long; petiole about 3 cm. long; leaflets 7 to 11, most frequently 7, oval
or oblong, 5 to 12 em. long, 2.5 to 5 cm. broad, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides,
the apex shortly acuminate, cuneate at the base; flowers in axillary racemes, pale
violet to rose-colored, in clusters of 2 on a short branchlet, with a space between;
racemes about 20 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long; calyx 6 mm. long, brown-tomentose;
standard 1.4 mm. long, orbicular, the outside silky; pod usually 2 or 3-seeded, 5 to 10
em. long, at the seeds about 2 cm. wide, constricted between the seeds, compressed,
almost woody, slightly brown-tomentose or glabrous.

Near Guayanilla, close to the bank of the river at Los Indios; near Guanica, by
the river at Barinas; near Cabo Rojo, around Hacienda Garcia; near Mayaguez.—
Jamaica (Bentham), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique.

- 2. Lonchocarpus glaucifolius Urb.
(Urban, 297.)

Shrub with climbing branches or tree 5 to 8 meters high; leaves 5 or 7-foliolate; leaf-
lets elliptical or elliptical-oblong, rounded at the apex or shortly and obtusely acu-
minate, obtuse or rounded at the base, 4 to 13 mm. long, 2 to 7 em. wide, glabrous, veins
on the upper surface impressed; inflorescence 6 to 14-flowered, in lax racemes; calyx 4
mm. deep; flowers rose-colored; standard orbicular, 12 to 15 mm. long; wings 4 mm.
wide; pod linear or broadly linear, 6 to 14 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, 2 to 7-seeded,
coriaceous; seeds oval-reniform, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, dark brown.

In the primeval mountain forests near Rincon at Calvache; near Aguada on Mount
Piedra Blanca and in the mountain forests at Rio Grande; near Aguadilla, in the moun-
tains at Espinal; near Quebradillas at Calo Grande. Indigenous.

Local name, geno.

196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

3. Lonchocarpus latifolius (Willd.) H. B. K.
(Urban, 297.)

Tree 6 to 20 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, oval-oblong, acuminate, paler and minutely
puberulous beneath, or glabrescent, 5 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, subcoriaceous;
inflorescence densely racemose, 7.5 to 12 em. long, many-flowered; calyx 2.2 mm. deep;
flowers purple, 8.5 to 11 mm. deep; standard thinly silky; pod oblong or broadly linear,
5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.7 to 2.1 em. broad, 1 or 2-seeded, not at all, or somewhat constricted
between the seeds, flat, thin, glabrescent.

Near Bayamon, in woods at Palo Seco; Sierra de Luquillo in the woods on Mount
Jimenez; near Quebradillas on the bank of the river; near Manati in thickets on the
coast, and at Abra de los Muertos.—Cuba (Wright), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Kitts, Guade-
loupe, Dominica, Martinique (Sieber), St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad. Common
also in the adjoining parts of South America. Central America to Nicaragua. The
hard wood is used in making furniture (Cook and Collins, p. 178.)

Local names, palo hediondo, forte ventura.

49. PISCIDIA L.
Piscidia L. Syst. ed. 10. 2: 1155. 1759.

Calyx subcampanulate, with the teeth short and wide, the two upper ones slightly
adhering; standard orbicular; wings oblong-falcate, adhering to the obtuse keel; petals
of the keel cohering along the back; upper stamen free at the base, united with the
others at the middle in a closed tube; ovary sessile with numerous seeds; style reflexed,
filiform, the stigma small, terminal; pod linear, flat, each suture widening into 2-veined
wings; seeds ovate, compressed.—Tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets opposite;
flowers white and blood-red, in short panicles; bracts opposite on the pedicel, subel-
liptic, subcoriaceous, caducous.

1. Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.
(Urban, 297.)

Tree 20 meters high; leaflets 3 to 5-jugate, pubesceut or glabrescent, oblong or ellip-
tical, pointed or blunt; flowers 1.2 to 1.6 em. long; wings each 1.2 to 1.6 cm. broad,
transversely striate, lacerate or repand; legume 5 to 10 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, puberu-
lous; seeds 6 to 8, transversely oblong, black, 7 mm. long.

In thickets and forests on the coast near Fajardo and near Salinas de Cabo Rojo.—
South Florida (Chapman), Florida Keys (Sargent), Baliama (Grisebach), Jamaica,
Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium),
St. Bartholomew (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St.
Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, South Mexico. Southern parts of North America.

Local name, ventura.

50. ANDIRA Lam.

Vouacapoua AvuBuL. Hist. Pl. Gui. 2: Suppl. 9. pl. 873. 1775.
Andira Lam. Encye. 1: 171. 1783. .

Calyx broadly campanulate or subturbinate, truncate, with short indistinct teeth;
petals clawed; standard suborbicular; wings and petals of the keel nearly straight, oblong,
obtuse, the latter imbricate but not connate on the back; upper stamen free, or rarely
connate with the rest; ovary stipitate or rarely sessile, 2 to 4- (rarely 1-) ovulate; style
short, incurved; stigma small, terminal; pod drupaceous, ovoid or obovoid, often some-

+e
®
oe

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 197

what compressed, with a more or less fleshy mesocarp and a thick subligneous endo-
carp; seeds 1, pendulous.—Strong trees; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, rarely
alternate, often stipellate; flowers rose-colored or violet, fragrant, in terminal pyram-
idal panicles, subsessile, usually crowded; bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous.

1. Andira jamaicensis (W. Wright) Urb.¢

(Urban, 298.)

Tree 10 to 20 meters high with firm woody branches, the young twigs slightly gray-
pubescent; petioles 5 to 7.5 cm. long; leaflets 9 to 13, the pairs more than 2.5 cm. apart,
oblong or lanceolate, or the terminal one obovate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide,
acuminate or subacute, the base scarcely rounded, subsessile, subcoriaceous, both
sides glabrous, dark green, shining; flowers in pyramidal panicles, 15 to 30 cm. long,
with distant, spreading, stalked, racemose, closely flowered branches; calyx subsessile,
silky, about 4.5 mm. deep, brownish red; corolla reddish, violet, or pale purple, 13 to
15 mm. deep, the standard 6.5 to 8.5 mm. broad; ovary stalked, glabrous or slightly
ciliate, 3 or 4-ovulate; legume green, subrotundate, about 2.5 cm. in diameter, obtusely
carinate; or shortly ovate, or obovate, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, slightly or not at all carinate.

Near Bayamon in woods; Sierra de Luquillo, in woods between Mavi and Mount
Jimenez; in the calcareous mountains near Juncos; near Coamo in woods at Pedro
Garcia and at Los Banos; between Coamo and Aguas Buenas on the roadside; near
Yauco; near Guanica on Mount Puerco and at Barinas; near Mayaguez; near Maricao,
in the forests of Mount Montoso; near Utuado in the rocky mountains at Los Angeles.
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, and in related forms (variety sapindoides (Benth., Griseb.), with
larger flowers and longer pedicels, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Kitts
(Grisebach), Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent,
Tobago, Trinidad (Sieber). Tropical America and west tropical Africa; very abun-
dant in Central America, Guiana, Venezuela, north Brazil, and eastern Peru.

The Brazilian and west African specimens are generally rather longer-flowered and
stiffer-leaved than those from Guiana, the West Indies, and Central America; but no
tangible characters nor constant size in the flowers can be.found to separate them even
into marked varieties.

Local names, moca, moca blanca.

51. ABRUS L.

Abrus ApAans. Fam. 2: 327. 1763.

Tloepfneria Varker, Oester. Bot. Zeitsch. 29: 222. 1879

Calyx campanulate, truncate or shortly and broadly toothed; standard ovate, the
short claw adhering to the base of the staminal tube; keel much curved, the petals
united from the base, often longer than the wings; stamens 9 united in a sheath open
on the upper side, the upper one deficient; ovary sessile, with indefinite ovules; stvle
short, incurved; stigma terminal; pod oblong or linear, flat, 2-valved, with cellular
partitions between the seeds.—Shrubs or undershrubs; stems usually twining or trail-
ing, woody at the base; leaves paripinnate, the leaflets many-jugate, the common peti-
ole ending in a short point; flowers small, rose-colored or white, in clusters on lateral
thickened nodes or in axillary or terminal racemes; bracts small, often persistent;
bracteoles 2°on the calyx.

1. Abrus precatorius L.

(Urban, 298.)

Shrub with slender woody wide-climbing glabrous or slightly pubescent branches;
leaves abruptly pinnate, 4 to 8 cm. long; leaflets 10 to 15-jugate, oblong or obovate,

@ Cook and Collins, p. 80, as Andira inermis.

198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

| to 2 cm. long, blunt, subsessile, glabrous or the lower side slightly silky; racemes ,
axillary or terminal, dense, stalked, 5 to 7.5 em. long, the flowering part 2.5 em. long;
calyx truncate, thinly silky, the teeth very short; corolla 9 mm. long, reddish, rarely
white or purple; pod sessile, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 1.2 cm. broad, oblong, rostrate, sub-
coriaceous, flat, 2-valved, with cellular partitions between the seeds, glabrous when
mature; seeds 4 or 5, globose, shining, scarlet, with a black spot at the base.

Near Bayamon in sandy soil; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo; near Mayaguez, on hedges
at Guanajibo.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix, St.
John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe,
Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Barbados (Maycock), Tobago, Trinidad. Widely
distributed through the Tropics, but often planted.

The brilliant red seeds with a black spot at the hilum are strung by the women of
Hindustan and are used instead of beads for ornaments for the neck and also for rosaries,
hence the name * pater noster herb.’’ The seeds are extremely poisonous when taken
in large quantities, and in India they hav e played an important role in many a crime.

Local names, peronia,; peronilas.

52. CLITORIA L.

Clitoria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 753. 1753.

Calyx tubular, the 2 upper lobes slightly connate, the lowest narrow; standard large,
erect, open, narrowed at the base without auricles; wings shorter, spreading, adhering
to the keel in the middle; keel shorter, incurved, acute; upper stamens free or more or |
less united with the others; anthers uniform; ovary stipitate, with several ovules; |
style elongated, incurved, more or less dilated upward and bearded longitudinally on
the inner side; pod linear, flattened, the upper or both sutures thickened, the sides
flat or convex, occasionally bearing a raised longitudinal rib, dehiscent; seeds globose
or flattened.—Herbs or shrubs, short and erect or with long twining branches; leaves
pinnate, with 3 or several leaflets or occasionally only 1; stipules persistent, striate;
flowers often large, purple, blue, white, or red, often two-colored, solitary or clustered
in the axils or in pairs crowded in short racemes; bracts stipule-like, persistent, the
lower ones in pairs, the upper united into one.

This genus is readily distinguished by its large tubular calyx.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaflets 2 or 3-jugate (rarely 4 or 5), ovate, blunt or oval; peduncle
short, 1-flowered; bracteoles suborbicular, about one-fourth as
large as the calyx; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate; legume

linear, pubescent. (Section TerNatea Benth.) 1. C. ternatea.
Leaflets only 3. (Section NeurocarpuM Benth.)
‘Stem twining; leaflets acute. 2. C. rubiginosa.
Rhizome woody; stem erect, nearly simple, ascending; leaf-
lets obtuse, retuse, or emarginate. 3. C. laurifolia.

1. Clitoria ternatea L.
(Urban, 299.)

Herbaceous, suffrutescent; stem twining; leaflets 2 to 3 cm. long, sbout 1.5 em.
wide; peduncle 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers large, resupinate, blue and white; calyx 1.5
cm. deep; standard 5 em. long; pod 6 to 13 em. long, 1 cm. wide.

Cultivated and seemingly wild near Bayamon; near Fajardo in Bromelia copse
toward the sea; near Mayaguez, toward Guanajibo.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti,
St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium),

2

PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 199

St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bar-
bados (Grisebach), Grenada, Tobago, Margarita. Native country probably east Africa
(Bentham).

Local names, bejuco de conchitas, papito.

Two of the Clitoria species found in Porto Rico are climbing plants, C. ternatea and
C. rubiginosa. The former, however, has imparipinnate leaves, 2 or 3-jugate leaflets,
blue and white resupinate flowers, and large bracteoles, while the latter has trifoliolate
leaves, and a pod with a prominulous midrib, a peculiarity that rarely occurs.

The third Clitoria species, C. laurifolia, is an erect shrub, with a racemose inflores-
cence, while the peduncle of C. ternatea and C. rubiginosa has 1, or at most 3, flowers.
The roots, leaves, and seeds have emetic properties and are used in popular medicines,
while the flowers are often employed to color viands and beverages blue.

C. ternatea is widely distributed in the Tropics, and is cultivated in the glass houses
of colder countries on account of its showy flowers.

2. Clitoria rubiginosa Juss.

(Urban, 299.)

Stem twining; leaflets ovate-oblong, acute, villous or sericeous below, 3 to 10 cm.
long, 1.5 to 3 cm. broad; peduncle 3 or fewer-flowered, 4 to 13 cm. long; flower large,
purple-variegated; bracteoles ovate-oblong, 3 or 4 times exceeded by the calyx tube;
calyx 2 to 5 cm. long; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, almost one-half the length of
the tube; standard 5.5 cm. long; legume 3.5 to 5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, convex, each
valve usually with a prominent midrib, glabrescent; seeds globose.

Near Bayamon on hedges; between Aguas Buenas and Caguas along roads; near
Cayey, at Campito; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo on the edge of the forests; near Maya-
guez, on the sides of Mount Mesa; near Aguada, in the forests at Piedra Blanca.—Cuba
(Grisebach), Jamaica (do.), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Tobago,
Trinidad (Grisebach). Widely distributed in tropical America.

Local name, flor de pito.

3. Clitoria laurifolia Poir.

(Urban, 300.) .

Stem erect, herbaceous, pubescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets 3, oblong, rarely more
than 7.5 cm. long; apex very obtuse, retuse, or emarginate, pubescent beneath; pedun-
cle 1 or 2-flowered; bracteoles ovate, much exceeded by the calyx; flowers white; calyx
about 2.4 to 2.8 em. long, silky-pubescent, rarely glabrous; teeth ovate-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, 0.8 to 1 cm long, the upper more or less connate, the lowest longer
and acuminate; corolla about 5 cm. long; legume 2.5 to 6.25 cm. long, stipitate, with a
prominent midrib, rarely destitute of it; seeds ovoid-globose.

Near Bayamon in sandy soil, near Dorado in plains near the coast.—Cuba, Haiti
(Bentham), Trinidad. Tropical South America.

53. CENTROSEMA Benth.

Bradburya Rar. Fl. Ludoy. 104. 1817.
Centrosema BENTH. Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 117. 1838.

Calyx shortly campanulate, the segments subequal, the two upper sometimes con-
nate; standard broadly orbicular, spurred on the back over the short, arched, compli-
cate claw, rarely with a more or less distinct gibber (tubercle); wings arcuate, obo-
vate; keel hardly shorter than the wings, wide, inflexed; upper stamen free or more
or less connate with the others; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style inflexed, more
or less dilated at the apex; stigma terminal, slightly bearded; pod subsessile, linear,

ae +s
200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ;

compressed, with incrassate sutures, 2-valved, valves with a prominent nerve on both
sides near the margin, or winged near the lower suture; seeds obliquely oblong.—Twin-
ing or prostrate herbs or undershrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, rarely 1, 5, or 7, some-
times so close together that they appear digitate; stipules persistent, striate; flowers
showy, often large, whitish, rose-colored, violet, or bluish, on axillary peduncles, 1 to
numerous; lower bracts of the same form as the stipules, in pairs or connate above,
bearing 1 or 2 flowersin the axils; bracteoles appressed to the calyx, striate, larger than
the bracts.

The genus Centrosema strongly resembles Clitoria in habit, but can be distinguished
from it by the spurred standard and the much shorter calyx.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Upper calyx segments much shorter than the tube.
Leaves 16 to 27.5 em. long, turning black in drying; terminal
leaflet 8.5 to 12 cm. long, broadly ovate; bracteoles ovate,
twice as long as the calyx; calyx teeth very short, unequal;
pod 15 cm. long, 11 to 13 mm. wide; ribs of the legume
valves prominulous, 3.3 mm. distant from the margin;
corolla white, variegated with bright purple and yellow. 1. C. plumieri.
Upper calyx segments longer, rarely a little shorter, than the tube.
The upper calyx segments equal to the tube, connected below
the summit, inferior calyx lobe longer than the tube; leaf-
lets 5 to 7.5 em. long, 2.5 to 3.7 em. wide, ovate; bracteoles
ovate, as long as the calyx; pod 5 to 6.5 mm. wide, the ribs
of the legume valves 2.2 mm. from the margin. 2. C. pubescens.
The upper calyx segments longer than the tube, free or con-
nate at the base; leaflets 3.5 to 5 em. long, 1.8 to 2.5 em.
wide; bracteoles ovate, somewhat exceeded by the calyx;
pod 4.4mm. wide; ribs of the legume valves juxtamarginal. 3. C. virginianum.

1. Centrosema plumieri (Turp.) Benth. ¢
(Urban, 300.) ‘

Stem twining, suffrutescent at the base; peduncle 2 or 3- (rarely 5 or 6-) flowered;
calyx 6.5 mm. long; standard spurred above the calyx, 4 cm. in diameter, orbicular;
wings narrowly oblong, falcate, shorter than the standard; keel large, broader and
shorter than the wings; legume 15 em. long, 1.3 em. wide, erect or slightly curved.

Near Bayamon in thickets.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Kitts (Grisebach),
Antigua, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach). Indigenous in
tropical America.

Centrosema plumeri is common on fences in the West Indies. The leaflets and
flowers are larger than those of the other two species of Centrosema found in Porto Rico.
The roots contain a volatile oil and a resin that is much used in popular medicine.
Local name, conchita de Plumier (Cook and Collins).

2. Centrosema pubescens Benth.?
(Urban, 300.)

Stem twining; flowers few, at the apex of the peduncle, yellow; calyx 6.5 to 11 mm.
deep; standard 2.5 cm. in diameter; keel wide, incurved; pod 15 to 20 cm. long, 3 to
6.5 mm. wide. -

@Gook and Collins, p. 94, as Bradburya plumieri.
6 Cook and Collins, p. 94, as Bradburya pubescens.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 9()]

Near Bayamon in thickets; near Coamo, in the valley of El Fuerte River; near
Pepino; on declivities at Eneas; near Maricao in thickets on the river bank; near
Cabo Rojo in copses; near Mayaguez; near Afasco, in thickets at Calvache; near
Rincon in coast districts; near Aguadilla, at Barrio Victoria.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti,
Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martininque, St. Vincent, Trinidad. Widely
distributed in tropical America.

Local name, flor de pito.

3. Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. @
(Urban, 300.)

Stems slender, firm, herbaceous, widely climbing; peduncle axillary, 1, sometimes
4-flowered; calyx 9 to 12 mm. deep; standard 2.5 cm. in diameter; flowers blue or
white becoming blue; pod 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 3.3 to 4.4 mm. broad, nearly straight.

Near Bayamon in thickets and grassy places, near Yabucoa, on the declivities of
Mount Canto de Gallo; near Cayey, at Morillos Brook; near Guanica, in meadows at
Montalba and between La Boca and Barinas; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo on the edge
of the woods; near Mayaguez, on the declivities of Mount Mesa; near Utuado, in
thickets at Cayuco.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas,
St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew
(do.), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique,
St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. No. 81, p. 246), Mustique, Canouan (do.), St. Lucia
(Grisebach), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Margarita. A common tropical American
species, extending north to Maryland. Also in western tropical Africa.

Centrosema virginianum resembles C. pubescens closely, but has a much narrower pod.

Local name, conchita virginia (Cook and Collins).

3a. Centrosema virginianum angustifolium (DC.) Griseb.
(Urban, 301.)

Leaflets linear, or the inferior oblong.
Near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Martin (figure
in Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Martinique:

54. TERAMNUS P. Br.

Teramnus P. Br. Hist. Jam. 290. 1756.

Calyx campanulate, the two upper teeth connate or separate, the others subequal;
standard obovate, narrowed at the base, exappendiculate; wings narrow, adhering to
the keel; keel shorter than the wints, almost straight, obtuse; stamens all connate, the
5 alternate anthers small, abortive; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style short, thick,
beardless; stigma capitate; pod linear, 2-valved, septate between the seeds, rostrate.—
Slender twining herbs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3; stipules small; flowers minute, in
racemes or fascicles in the axils or in pairs or fascicles along the rachis; bracts smal];
bracteoles linear or lanceolate, striate.

1. Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw.

(Urban, 301.)

Twining suffrutescent slender herbs; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; petioles 4 to 6 em.
long; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 5.5 to 8 em. long, 2.25 to3 em. wide, pubescent above,
sericeous beneath; flowers in long racemes, small, white or rose-colored, later pale

@ Cook and Collins, p. 94, as Bradburya virginiana.

902 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

blue; calyx 5-parted, lobes equal; standard obovate, 6.6 mm. long, wings narrowly
oblong; keel shorter than the lobes of the calyx; pod 3.5 to 5 em. long, 3.5 mm. wide,
slightly faleate, rusty-hirsute, terminated by a recurved beak; seeds yellow, oblong.

Near Bayamon in grassy tracts; near Aibonito at Algarrobo; on precipices between
Aibonito and Coamo; near Barranquitas; in thickets on the Isabon River; near Utuado
in thickets at Los Angeles; near Pepino, on shady declivities at Eneas; near Maricao
in thickets on the river bank; near Mayaguez among shrubs in moist meadows; near
Cabo Rojo in thickets.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti. Tropical America.

In the Antilles the leaves of 7. uncinatus are used as a purgative and the flour of
the seeds for poultices to reduce inflammation.

Local name, cresta de gallo blanco.

55. ERYTHRINA L.

Erythrina L. Sp. Pl. 2: 706. 1753.
Mouricou ApANns. Fam. 2: 326. 1763.

Calyx bilabiate or spathaceous, slit down to the base on the lower side, the teeth
short or elongated; standard ample and elongated, erect or patent, subsessile or fur-
nished with a claw, not appendiculate at the base, wings short or none; keel much
shorter than the standard, shorter or longer than the wings, its petals often free; upper
stamen free or connate with the others below; anthers uniform; ovary stalked, multi-
ovulate; style subulate, incurved, beardless, with a small, terminal, subcapitate
stigma; pod stalked, linear, falcate, narrowed at the base and apex, compressed or
subterete, much constricted between the seeds, both sutures or only the upper one
splitting; seeds distant, ovoid or oblong.—Trees, or at times almost herbaceous shrubs,
with thick, often aculeate branches; leaves pinnate with 3 leaflets; stipules glandular,
at the base of each leaflet; flowers large, usually scarlet, axillary or terminal, in
racemes or in small clusters in the axils; bracts and bracteoles small or wanting.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Calyx broadly campanulate; keel gamopetalous; standard long-

stipitate. 1. E. glauca.
Calyx subtubulose, truncate; standard sessile or subsessile,
oblong. .
Keel petals free; keel short, a little shorter than the calyx;
leaves chartaceous; seeds scarlet with a black spot. 2. E. corallodendron.

Keel gamopetalous, long, only a little shorter than the stand-
5 i ’ g, 4
ard; leaves membranous or subpapyraceous; seeds dark
brown. 3. EH. micropteryx.

1. Erythrina glauca Milla.
(Urban, 302.)

Tree 13 meters high; leaves 20 to 30 cm. long; leaflets broadly ovate, obtuse at the
apex, rotundate at the base, 9 to 12 cm. long, 8 to 8.5 cm. wide, coriaceous or charta-
ceous; racemes 15 to 20 cm. long; calyx 1 to 2 cm. deep; flowers deep saffron yellow;
standard 5 to 6.5 em. long; wings 2.5 em. long; keel 3 to 3.5 em. long; pod sublignose,
17 to 25 cm. long, 1.5 em. wide; seeds dark brown.

Near Bayamon, on the bank of the river around Guinabo,—Cuba (Grisebach),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Venezuela. Tropical America.

The saffron-yellow flowers and the very long (sometimes 25 cm.) woody pods of E.
glauca are very striking. It has by far the deepest calyx of all the Porto Rican species.

Local name, bucago.

_

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 208

2. Erythrina corallodendron L.
(Urban, 302.)

Shrub 3 to 4 meters high, climbing, or tree 3 to 6 meters high, armed; leaflets broadly
ovate-rhomboid, | to 1.5 em. wide, 5 to 14.5 em. long; flowers in axillary racemes 12
to 35 cm. long, coral-colored; standard 5 to 6.5 em. long; calyx 8.5 to 10 mm. long,
a little exceeded by the wings; pod 10 cm. long, 1 em. wide.

Near Bayamon, in calcareous mountains; near Sabana Grande, in thickets on the
rocky banks of Estero River near the cataract; near Anasco; near Rincon, in thickets
on the shore at Cabo San Francisco.—Bermuda (introduced, Hemsley), Cuba, Jamaica
(in the form grandiflora), Cayman (Hitchcock), St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.),
St. John, St. Bartholomew (Wikstr6ém), St. Kitts (Huphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach),
Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago (in the form grandiflora),
Mexico. Tropical America.

Erythrina corallodendron on account of the size of its flowers is a very noticeable tree.
It differs from FE. micropteryx in having a short keel and red seeds. The three Ery-
thrina species of Porto Rico are at first armed, later they become glabrous.

From the soft, corky wood of FE. corallodendron, coral wood, arbol madre of the Mexi-
cans, are manufactured corks, light ladders, ete.

Local name, bucare.

3. Erythrina micropteryx Poepp.
(Urban, 301.)

Tree 15 to 20 meters high, armed; leaflets 11 to 16 cm. long, 7 to 12 em. wide, orbicular-
oval, obtuse or abruptly acuminate; flowers in racemes, bright red; calyx 6 mm.
deep; standard elliptical or narrowly oval, 3.5 to 4.2 em. long; wings twice as long as
the calyx, obovate or oval-elliptical; keel a little shorter than the standard, bidentate;
pod 7 to 13 cm. long, chartaceous; seeds dark brown.

Cultivated for shading coffee plantations and seemingly wild near Bayamon; near
Cayey, at Quebrada Arriba; near Adjuntas, on Mount Capaes; near Utuado, at Salto
Arriba; near Lares, at Mirasol and at Espino; near Quebradillas and near Toa Alta.-
Cuba, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad. Indigenous in Peru. -

The long keel of HE. micropteryx makes it easy to distinguish from the other Porto
Rican species; the brown seeds, from LE. corallodendron.

Local names, bucare, palo de boyo; Cuba, petition de Cuba (Eggers); Guadeloupe,
immortel jaune (Duss); Martinique, erythrine de cayenne (Hahn); Peru, a’ma-sisa
(Spruce).

56. RUDOLPHIA Willd.

Rudolphia Wixiv. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin Neue Schrift 3: 451. 1801.

Calyx tubuliform, the 2 upper segments connate or subconnate, the 2 lateral much
smaller, the lowest one cuspidate and slightly arcuate; standard oblong, plicate; the
wings and the free petals of the keel narrow and much shorter than the standard;
upper stamen free; ovary stipitate or sessile; style more or less dilated in the middle;
stigma terminal, subcapitate; pod elongated, flat, tipped with the persistent base of
the style, 2-valved; valves finally tortuose, pulpy within; seeds flat, obovate.—Twin-
ing undershrubs or herbs; leaves with one leaflet; flowers elongated, purple, red, or
flesh-colored, in axillary racemes or fasciculate on the rachis; bracts and bracteoles
small and caducous.

904 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

1. Rudolphia volubilis Willd.

(Urban, 302.)

Twining; leaflets cordate, rarely broadly ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, 3.5 to 7 em. wide,
truncate at the base, acuminate; pedicels 5 to7 mm. long; calyx purple, 2.0 to 2.5 em.
long; corolla coral-colored, pale purple or blood-red; standard 4.0 to 4.5 em. long, 1.2
to 1.3 em. wide; wings 1.5 to 1.8 em. long, 0.7 to 1 mm. wide; keel petals 1.2 to 1.6
cm. long, 0.7 to 1 mm. wide.

In the primeval forest, not unusual—e. g., near Bayamon; near Rio Blanco; in
Sierra de Luquillo on Mount Jimenez; Sierra de Naguabo on Mount Piedra Pelada;
near Yabucoa, at Guayabota and on Mount Piedra Azul; near Hato Grande on Mount
Gregorio; near Aibonito, at Guyon; near Cayey, on Mount Torito; near Adjuntas on
Mount Serrote; near Pefuelas, at Las Cruces; near Maricao on Mount Alegrillo; near
Mayaguez on Mount Mesa; in Sierra de Lares at Guajataca. Indigenous.

Local names, bejuco colorado, bejuco de alambre, bejuco prieto

57. MUCUNA Adans.
Mucuna Avans. Fam. 2: 325. 1763.

Calyx broadly campanulate, very unequally toothed, the upper tooth (consisting
of 2 combined) broader, the lowest longer; standard folded together, shorter than
the wings, with inflexed auricles at the base; wings oblong or ovate, incurved, often
adhering to the keel; keel equaling or longer than the wings, incurved at the apex, aeute
or rostrate; upper stamen free, the rest connate; anthers alternately longer and fixed
at the base and shorter and versatile, often bearded; ovary sessile, pauciovulate;
style filiform; stigma small, terminal; pod thick, linear or ovate-oblong, often clothed
with stinging hairs, 2-valved, septate between the seeds, the valves coriaceous,
plane or variously costate or lamellate, sometimes winged.—Climbing herbs or shrubs
(one species erect); leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, with stipels; stipules caducous; flowers
usually large, purple, red, or yellowish green, rarely light green, in axillary racemes
or fasciculate at the end of the peduncle; bracts usually small, seldom large, usually
‘raducous.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Pod oblong, nearly straight, with close, broad, irregular, coriaceous

undulated lamellations and yellow bristly hairs in the hollows,

2 or 3-seeded; leaflets papyraceous, the upper surface with a few

deciduous adpressed bristly hairs, under surface more or less silky,

central one ovate-oblong, cuspidate; flowers in capitate heads

on firm axillary peduncles; corolla sulphur-yellow. (Section

Crrra DC.) ; 1. M. urens.
Pod linear, curved, longitudinally ribbed, densely clothed with

brown silky bristles, 5 or 6-seeded; leaflets membranous, the cen-

tral one ovate-rhomboidal broad, bluntish with a mucro, the

upper surface glabrous; flowers in short-stalked copious racemes;

corolla deep dark purple. (Section StizoLtosrum DC.) 2. M. pruriens.
Leaflets ovate or oval-oblong, glabrous; peduncle long, slender,

pendulous; pod compressed, flat, without lamellae, often very

long, many-seeded, constricted between the seeds; seeds round;

hilum linear. (Section CARPOPOGON.) 3. M. altissima.

ier

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 205

|. Mucuna urens (L.) DC.

(Urban, 303.)
Stem woody, slender, wide climbing; leaflets 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, 7.5 to 8 em. wide,
calyx broadly campanulate, 1.5 to 2 cm. deep; corolla with wings and keel 5 cm. or
more long, standard much shorter; pod 10 to 20 em. long, 3.5 to 4 cm. wide, armed
with stinging bristles.

Near Lares in the coffee plantations at Juncal; near Mayaguez; near Aguada, in
thickets at Rosario.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, Cayman (Fawcett), Haiti, Guade-
loupe, Martinique, Tobago. Tropical America, tropical West Africa.

Mucuna urens is readily distinguished from M. pruriens by its yellow flowers and
its long pod (over 20 cm.) which has close, broad, irregular, coriaceous, undulate lamel-
lations. The seeds are very large and have a broad black band. When polished
they are often used for ornaments.

The Mucuna species can be recommended in the Tropics as ornamental plants, but
M. wrens and M. pruriens must be touched with care on account of the hairs of the
pods, which have a most irritating effect upon the skin.

Local names, ojo de buey, matos, matos del monte.

2. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.
(Urban, 303. )

Stems herbaceous, wide-climbing; leaflets 8 to 14 em. long, 5 to 7 em. wide; flowers
dark violet; calyx about 1 cm. deep; corolla 3 to 3.5 em. deep, the standard half as long
as the wings; pod 5 to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 1.75 cm. wide, densely clothed with brown
silky bristles.

Near Aguas Buenas on the brook near the town; near Juncos, at Valenziano Arriba
climbing on high trees; near Guayama, in mountain woods beyond Guamani; near
Coamo, in the valley of El Fuerte River; near Penuelas, on the bank of the river
toward Tallaboa Alta; near Cabo Rojo in thickets; near Mayaguez, at Algarrobo; near
Rincon in thickets on the shore. Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock),
Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John (do.),-Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago. Cosmopolitan in the Tropics.

Mucuna pruriens differs marked'y from M. urens in that it has purple flowers and a
much smaller, longitudinally ribbed pod.

The root and the seeds have long been valued in East Indian medicine, and in the
West Indies and in Europe the hairs were formerly considerably used medicinally.
The young tender pods are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.

Local name, pica-pica (Urban); cowhage or cowitch (Cook and Collins).

3. Mucuna altissima (Jacq.) DC.

(Urban, 304.)

Twining; leaflets glabrous, ovate or oval-oblong, 7.5 to 12.5 em. long, 2.5 to 6 em.
wide, membranous; petiole slender, 7.5 to 1245 cm. long; peduncle 30 to 120 cm. long,
racemes short; calyx sericeous, 4-toothed; the three superior teeth small or obso-
lete, the inferior longer; flowers dark violet or pale flesh-colored; corolla 3.6 em. long;
standard ovate-oblong, nearly as long as the wings; beak of the keel cartilaginous,
bluntish, equaling the wings; legume 15 cm. long, 3.7 em. broad below its pointed top,
with numerous, transverse, convex lines, compressed, spathulate, oblong, hirsute,
callous on the margins; seeds orbicular, compressed (1.6 to 2 cm. in diameter), almost
wholly surrounded by the raphe.

206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Near Bayamon in forests on the bank of the river; Sierra de Naguabo, near Minas
de Cobre at Rio Blanco; near Yabucoa, in the primeval forest on Mount Sombrero
at La Pandura; between Adjuntas and Ponce, in shady localities by the river at Coral
Viejo.—Cuba, Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
St. Vincent. Panama, Brazil.

Local names, mato, tortera.

58. CALOPOGONIUM Desy.

Calopogonium Dresy. Ann. Sc. Nat. 9: 423. 1826.
Stenolobium Bentu. Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 125. 1838.
Cyanostremma Bentu.; Hoox. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 415. 1841.

Calyx campanulate or short tubuliform, the 2 upper teeth free or more or less connate;
standard obovate, the base with inflexed auricles; wings narrow, adhering to the keel;
keel obtuse, usually shorter than the wings; upper stamen free; ovary sessile, multi-
ovulate; style slender; stigma terminal, capitate; pod linear, compressed or at last
convex, 2-valved, septate; seeds orbicular, somewhat flat.—High-climbing herbs or
undershrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, stipellate; flowers small or moderately large,
narrow, blue or violet, subsessile, fascicled, forming an elongated raceme; bracts or
bracteoles small, caducous.

1. Calopogonium orthocarpum Urb.
(Urban, 304.)

A twining plant with subligneous stem; branches, petioles, and peduncles densely
rusty-pilose; stipules oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate; terminal leaflet
ovate-rhomboid or short-ovate, acute; leaflets 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 8 cm. wide, both
sides with appressed hairs; inflorescence racemose, sometimes elongated, sometimes
very short, up to 15 cm. long; calyx 6 to 8 mm. deep, campanulate, the teeth longer
than the tube, lanceolate, with subulate setaceous apex; corolla blue; standard obo-
vate, 8 mm. long; stamens 9; pod linear, erect or suberect, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, 4 mm.
wide, densely rusty-pubescent, 5 to 8-seeded; seeds shortly and subobliquely rectan-
gular, convex, pale brown.

Near Bayamon in the fields at Guinabo; near Caguas; near Yauco in the thicket
between the River Duey and Mount Rodadero; near Rincon, about Hacienda Dioplo;
near Cabo Rojo, in the plains at Joyuda; near Mayaguez.—Haiti.

Local name, jicama.

59. GALACTIA P. Br.

Galactia P. Br. Hist. Jam. 298. 1756.
Odonia Berton. Lucubr. Herb. 35. 1822.
Sweetia DC. Prod. 2: 381. 1825.

Calyx campanulate, the segments long-acuminate, the lowest usually elongate, the
lateral ones smaller than the upper one and the lower one; standard ovate or orbicular,
subappendiculate or on the edges at the base inflexed; wings long and narrow, obovate,
adhering to the keel; keel equaling or exceeding the wings; upper stamen free or con-
nate with the others at the middle; anthers uniform; ovary sessile or substipitate,
with numerous ovules; style filiform, with small terminal stigma; pod linear, straight
or incurved, flat, very rarely convex on both sides, 2-valved, pulpy or thinly septate
between the seeds.—Prostrate or climbing herbs or erect shrubs; leaves pinnate; leaf-
lets 3, rarely 1, 5, or 7, stipellate; bracts small, setaceous, deciduous; flowers small
or moderately large, rarely large, red, violet or white, in axillary racemes clustered

—

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 207

along th» common peduncle in pairs or in fascicles, the lower ones sometimes solitary,
seldom without petals; bracts small, setaceous, bracteoles very small.

Professor Urban in Symbolae Antillanae@ has given a key to all the species of Galac-
tia fous in the West Indies and has settled many difficult points. Of this genus only
varieties of two different species are found in Porto Rico.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaflets 2 to4.cm. long; petals 12 to 15mm. long; pod 5 to5.5mm. wide. 1. G. dubia.
Leatlets 2.5 to 6 cm. long; pod 6 to 9 mm. wide. 2. G. striata.

1. Galactia dubia DC.
(Urban, 304.)

A twining plant, woody below, herbaceous above, clothed densely or thinly with
short or very short reflexed and appressed hairs; stipules lanceolate or narrowly lanceo-
late, often subulate-acuminate, 2 to 3 mm. long; petiole 1 to 4 cm. long; leaflets 3,
the terminal one oval, elliptical, or obovate, rounded at the apex, more or less emar-
ginate and shortly apiculate, very obtuse or rotundate at the base, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1.5
to 2 em. wide, the lateral ones one-third or one-half as long as the terminal one, oval
or shortly oval, all chartaceous or chartaceous-coriaceous, glabrous above, shortly and
appressedly pilose beneath; inflorescence 1 to 5 cm. long, few-flowered toward the
top or at the apex; peduncle 0.5 to 4 cm. long, 0.4 to 0.5 mm. thick; pedicel 3 to 4
mm. long; calyx subglabrous or very laxly and appressedly pilose, 7 to 8 mm. long;
corolla rose-colored (ex Duchassaing) or purple (ex Duss); standard obovate or orbicular-
obovate, 12 to 15 mm. long, 9 to 10 mm. wide, claw 1 to 1.5 mm. long; wings a little
shorter or narrower than the keel, 12 to 14 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; upper stamen free;
anthers oblong; ovary subsessile, 12 to 14-ovulate; pod 4 to 5 cm. long, 5 to 5.5 mm.
wide, suberect or the upper part more or less incurved, with very short appressed
hairs; seeds narrow, ovate-reniform, 3.5 to 5 mm. long, 2 to 3.56 mm. wide, brownish-
black, the hilum at or above the middle.

la. Galactia dubia ehrenbergii Urb.
(Urban, 304.)

Stem, calyx, and pod shortly patent-pubescent; leaflets on the upper surface very
shortly pilose, on the lower densely pubescent; terminal leaflets obovate or orbicular-
obovate, emarginate, the lateral ones shortly oval or subrotundate; calyx teeth often
small; standard 11 to13 mm. long; seeds marmorate, the hilum below the apex; flowers
(Sintenis) pale rose-colored or (Stahl) the standard yellow, the wings and keel a
bright violet or whitish.

Near Cabeza de San Juan; near Catafio; near Bayamon in the hedges; near Cabo
Rojo, in littoral thickets at Joyuda; near Rincon, in the mountains at Barrio Punta.—
St. Thomas.

lb. Galactia dubia guanicensis Urb.
(Urban, 304.)

Entire stem woody; calyx and pod appressed-pubescent; flowers white’ pod 3 to
4cm.long. The rest as in ehrenbergii.
Near Guanica in thickets on Mount El Maniel.

a2: 318. 1900.
25734— vo. 10, pr 4—07——6

208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb.
(Urban, 304.)

Perennial twining, stem becoming woody at the base, elongate, clothed with moder-
ately long or short, white, more or less spreading hairs; stipules subulate, 2 to 4 mm.
long; peduncle 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long; leaflets 3, terminal one ovate-elliptical, very obtuse
or subrotundate at the apex with a minute mucro, more acutate, obtuse or subobtuse
at the base, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, the lateral ones a little or one-third
shorter than the terminal, suboblique, ovate, rounded at the base, rotundate or very
obtuse at the apex, all membranous, with short appressed hairs above, pubescent
beneath; inflorescence 3 to 15 cm. long, peduncle 0.6 to 1 mm. long, many-flowered
above; pedicels 2 to 2.5 mm. long; calyx densely pubescent, its hairs appressed,
7 mm. long, anterior teeth lanceolate, acuminate, 24 times as long as the tube, the
lateral ones lanceolate, acutate, twice as long as the tube, posterior ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse; standard purple, striate, 8 to 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, broadly obovate, the
claw 1 mm. long; keel almost without color, dorsally arcuate, as long as the standard,
wings purple, a little narrower and much shorter than the keel, 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide; upper stamen free, all above incurved; anthers ovate or ovate-oblong; ovary
sessile, about 1l-ovulate; legume (ex Jacquin) sometimes erect, sometimes a little
incurved; seeds reniform, brown, variegated.

2a. Galactia striata tomentosa (Bertol.) Urb.
(Urban, 305.)

Stem clothed with moderately long, sometimes subequal white hairs, sometimes
recurved-pubescent; leaflets ovate, rarely orbicular-ovate or elliptical, rounded at
both ends, rarely obtuse, above shortly pilose, beneath densely soft-tomentose; calyx
densely patent-pubescent, 7 to 8 mm. long; corolla rose-colored, the outside green or
rose-colored or peach-colored; standard 9 to 10 mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, obovate;
wings much shorter than the keel, 8 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide; pod 4 to 7 em.
long, 7 to 9 mm. wide.

At St. Isabel; near Maunabo, in thickets at Punta de la Tuna and at Punta Mala
Pasqua; near Aibonito, at Algarrobo; between Aibonito and Coamo along roads and
on rocks; near Coamo, at Pedro Garcia and in the valley of the El Tendal River;
near Juana Diaz at Escalabrado; near Cabo Rojo, in thickets at Monte Grande and
in the woods on the coast.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix.

2b. Galactia striata berteriana (DC.) Urb.
(Urban, 305.)

Stem clothed with short subretrorse or horizontal hairs; leaflets glabrous or slightly
pilose above, clothed beneath with short appressed hairs, narrowed at both ends, the
apex obtuse or acutate; flowers red or rose-colored; standard 9 to 10 mm. long; wings
a little shorter than the keel, much shorter than the standard, 8 mm. long; seeds
9 to 14.

Near Bayamon on hedges; near Fajardo in the mountain forests; near Barranquitas
in copses near the River Isabon; near Cabo Rojo, on Monte Grande; near Rincon,
at Barrio del Pueblo and in coast districts; near Aguadilla, at Barrio Victoria.—
Guadeloupe (?).

PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 209

60. DIOCLEA HH. B.K.

Dioclea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 437. pl. 576. 1823.
Hymenospron SPrENG. Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 282. 1827.
Crepidotropis WAY, Linnaea 14: 296. 1840.

Calyx oblique, obconical, with the two upper teeth connate, the lateral ones small,
the lowest longer; standard orbicular, reflexed, the base with a pair of inflexed auricles;
wings obovate or oblong, free, as long as or rather shorter than the keel; keel incurved,
obtuse or rostrate; upper stamen free at the base, connate with the others at the middle;
anthers uniform or the 5 alternate ones very small and abortive; ovary subsessile, 2 to
many-ovulate; style incurved, dilated or thickened upwards; stigma oblique, trun-
cate; pod oblong, linear, semiorbicular, or somewhat reniform, compressed or some-
what turgid, coriaceous, both sutures narrowly winged or the upper dilated and incras-
sate, the lower not altered, 2-valved, septate between the seeds; seeds orbicular or
somewhat reniform, with a short or long, linear, more or less thickened or somewhat
fleshy hilum.—Twining shrubs or undershrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, stipellate;
stipules small, sometimes spurred, sometimes glandular; flowers blue; violet, or white,
in terminal usually elongated racemes, fascicled along the rachis; bracts caducous;
bracteoles membranous, persistent.

A moderately small genus, almost entirely tropical American.

1. Dioclea reflexa Hook. f.
(Urban, 305.)

Stem woody, climbing to a height of 6 meters, terete, clothed with long, spreading,
fine, deciduous yellowish gray hairs; stipules 1 to 1.8 cm. long, scariose, peltate; peti-
oles 5 to 7.5 cm. long; terminal leaflet obovate-oblong, 10 to 15 cm. long, the base
rounded, the apex cuspidate, the lateral leaflets similar, subcoriaceous, the upper sur-
face glabrous, lower thinly and deciduously silky; flowers in moderately dense racemes,
10 to 15 cm. long, on firm peduncles often as long; calyx dark brown, 9 mm. deep; corolla
dark red or bordering on purple; standard with a yellow spot at the base; pod oval or
oval-oblong, 9 to 13 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide; seeds 1 to 3, oblique, ovate-orbiculate,
2.5 to 3.0 em. long, 2.2 to 2.6 cm. broad, of a bright or a dark wine color, the older ones
becoming brownish.

In primeval forests near Yabucoa, on Mount Guayava, and near Maunabo, at La
Pandura; in Sierra de Luquillo between Mavi and Mount Jimenez.—Cuba, Jamaica,
Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago. <A plant of tropical Asia, Africa, America,
and New Guinea.

Local names, mato or bejuco de mato; Cuba, ojo de buey de costa.

61. CANAVALIA DC.

Canavali Apans. Fam. 2: 325, 531. 1763.
Canavalia DC. Mem. Legum. 375. 1825.

Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip large, truncate or bifid, the lower one much smaller,
entire or trifid; standard reflexed, large, suborbicular or broadly obovate, with or with-
out auricles at the base; wings narrow, falcate or twisted, free; keel incurved, broader
than the wings, obtuse or rostrate; upper stamen free below, more or less connate at the
center; ovary sessile or very shortly stipitate, multiovulate; style incurved; stigma
terminal, small, capitate; pod oblong, or broadly linear, compressed or subturgid, with
a prominent longitudinal wing or rib on each side of the upper suture, 2-valved, slightly
septate between the seeds; seeds large, rounded or oblong, compressed.—Large herbs
with twining or trailing stems; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, stipellate; stipules small,

210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

often gland-like or none; flowers usually large, purplish, pink, or white, in axillary
racemes; pedicels very short, clustered on lateral nodes along the upper portion of the
rachis; bracts minute; bracteoles small, orbicular, very deciduous.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaflets obovate or orbiculate, very obtuse or retuse, membranous

or subpapyraceous; pod oblong, 5 to 13 cm. long, 2 to3 cm. wide;

seeds 6 to 8, chestnut-brown with a black spot, opaque, ovoid,

1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide. 1. C. obtusifolia.
Leaflets chartaceous or chartaceous-coriaceous, ovate or narrowly

ovate, very shortly and acutely acuminate; pod oblong-linear,

12 to 25 cm. long; seeds ovate-rotundate, 18 to 24 mm. long, 15

to 20 mm. wide, wine-colored, 4 to 6-seeded. 2. C. rusiosperma.

1. Canavalia obtusifolia (Lam.) DC.

(Urban, 306.)

Stem biennial, climbing or sometimes prostrate; petiole 5 to 7.5 cm. long; leaflets
7.5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide; flowers in 16 down to 12-flowered racemes on long
flexuose peduncles; pedicels stout, 4 to 6 mm. long, springing from fleshy tubercles;
calyx broad-campanulate, 1.2 cm. deep, the upper lip rounded, bifid, glabrous; corolla
reddish-purple, fragrant; standard 1.8 to 2.5 cm. long; pod with two prominent ribs a
little distant from the upper suture.

In coast districts near Yabucoa; in thickets at Puerto de la Vaca; near Patillas, at
Guardaraya; near Guanica, at Salinas; near Mayaguez.—South Florida (Chapman),
Bermuda (Hemsley), Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix,
St. John (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Sandy Island, Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grise-
bach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. No. 81, p. 246), Grenada, Tobago,
Trinidad (Grisebach). Widely dispersed through the tropics of both hemispheres and -
often cultivated. C. obtusifolia is a characteristic plant of sandy seashores, where it
often creeps among stones. According to Balfour it ‘‘ isa useful binder of loose sand.”

The ovate leaves, the long pod, and the large wine-colored seeds of C. rusiosperma
make it easy to distinguish from C. obtusifolia, which has obovate or orbicular leaves, a
shorter pod, and chestnut-brown seeds.

Local name, mato de la playa.

2. Canavalia rusiosperma Urb.

(Urban, 305.)

Stem twining, reaching 10 cm. in thickness, climbing on high trees; petiole 3.5 to 8
em. long; leaflets 6.5 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 5.5 cm. wide; inflorescence 5 to 25 cm. long;
calyx 11 mm. long, upper lobes 6 to 7 mm., lower ones 1 to 2 mm. long, thinly pilose or
glabrous; petals red (Stahl) or violet (Eggers); standard 2 to 2.3 cm. long; pod 12 to 25
cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide with two prominent ribs a little distant from the upper sutures.

In the primeval forests near Maricao, on Mount Montoso; near Lares at Callejones;
near Quebradillas.—Haiti, St. Thomas.

Local name, mato colorado.

62. CAJANUS DC.

Cajan ApANs. Fam. 2: 326, 529. 1763.
Cajanus DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 85. 1813.
Cajanum Rar. Sylva Tellur. 25. 1838.

Calyx campanulate, with the two upper teeth connate, the others equal; standard
orbicular, reflexed, the base appendiculate with inflexed auricles; wings obliquely
obovate; keel with an incurved apex, truncate; upper stamen free, the others connate;
anthers uniform; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style incrassate above the middle,

_ PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 211

beardless, slightly dilated below the obliquely terminal stigma; pod linear, obliquely
acute, compressed, 2-valved, with transverse constrictions between the seeds on the
outside, scarcely septate within; seeds subglobose, slightly compressed.— Erect under-
shrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3; stipules subulate, caducous; flowers yellow, usually
veined with purple, in axillary pedunculate racemes; bracts deciduous.

1. Cajanus indicus Spreng.¢
(Urban, 306.)

Undershrub 2.5 to 3 meters high, erect; branches angular, finely gray-silky with
adpressed hairs; petioles 1 to 4 cm. long; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 10 em.
long, acute, subcoriaceous, the upper surface glabrous, the lower gray-silvery; flowers
in 2 to 8-flowered axillary racemes, yellow or sometimes the standard spotted with
orange; pedicels 0.6 to 1.5 cm. long; calyx silky, 6.5 to 8.5mm. deep, the teeth lanceo-
late, not reaching halfway down; corolla 1.5 to 1.8 em. deep; pod 5 to 8 cm. long, 0.9
to 1.5 cm. broad, 3 to 5-seeded, finely pubescent.

Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Lares; at Perchas and at
Espino; near Maricao on the declivities of Mount Montoso; near Mayaguez, in coast dis-
tricts at Algarrobo.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Bahama, Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti,
St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bar-
tholomew (do.), St. Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. Cultivated through-
out the Tropics; probably indigenous in Africa.

The seeds taste like a coarse description of field peas and are sold either in the form
of split peas or of flour in India, where they are highly esteemed by the natives. The
young pods are used for salad. The roots, leaves, and flowers are employed as a medi-
cament. The leaves are considered excellent as a fodder for cattle.

Local names, gandul, gandures.

63. RHYNCHOSIA Lour.

Dolicholus Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 1787.
Rhynchosia Lour. F1. Cochinch. 2: 460. 1790.
Rynchosia Macrap. Fl. Jam. 1: 275. 1837.

Calyx campanulate or tubuliform-campanulate, the 2 upper lobes more or less con-
nate; standard orbicular or obovate, usually with inflexed auricles at the base; wings
narrow; keel incurved at the apex; upper stamen free; ovary sessile or nearly so, with
2 or very rarely 1 ovule; style incurved upward, filiform or incrassated; stigma small
terminal, capitate; pod oblique, orbicular, oblong, or slightly curved, compressed,
2-valved, continuous or rarely septate internally; seeds 2, rarely ovoid or almost reni-
form, compressed, with a lateral short or oblong hilum, the funicle centrally attached-
with or without a strophiole.—Twining or trailing, rarely erect herbs or undershrubs;
leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, seldom only 1, without stipels; stipules ovate, subulate per-
sistent or caducous; flowers yellow, the standard often streaked with brown or purple,
more rarely purple, white, or greenish; peduncle axillary, bearing a raceme or rarely
single flowers; bracts deciduous

-

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Calyx segments lanceolate, several times longer than the very
short tube, and as long as or longer than the standard. (Section
ARCYPHYLLUM Ell, as genus.)
Legume pubescent or glabrescent, not constricted, 2.2 to 6.6
mm. long; seeds nearly black, reniform-roundish, com-
pressed, about 4 mm. in diameter. l. R. reticulata.

@ Cook and Collins, p. 100, as Cajanus cajan.

212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Calyx-tube obtuse at the base; the calyx segments long or short,
always shorter than the standard. (Section Copisma.)
Pod constricted between the seeds, tomentose or glabrescent,
2 to 2.5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad; seeds two-colored, black
with a scarlet-yellow ring round the hilum; flowers in
many-flowered racemes (10 to 20 em. long); terminal leaf-
let 7 to 10 em. long; leaves beneath and calyx with scat-
tered, very small yellowish glands. 2. R. phaseoloides.
Pod continaous, oblong, tapering at the base, pubescent,
soon glabrous, 1.3 to 1.75 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide; seeds
black; flowers in lax 6 to 12-flowered racemes (5 to 7.5 em.
long); terminal leaflet 1.8 to 2.5 em. long; leaves beneath
and calyx with large brownish glands. 3. R. minima.

1. Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC.
(Urban, 307.)

Stem suffrutescent, twining, from 23 to 90 cm. high, angular, tomentose; leaflets
ovate, acute or acuminate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.25 to 4 cm. wide, 3-nerved and reticu-
lated beneath, with the ribs prominulous, tomentose, or villose on both sides; racemes
many-flowered, from 5 to 15 em. long, axillary; calyx 6.5 to 13 mm. deep, tube very
short; corolla yellow or variegated with purple.

Near Bayamon, in littoral thickets; near Cayey, on Morillos brook; near Coamo, in
the valley of the El Tendal River; near Maricao, on the edges of the woods; near Guanica,
in the thickets of Mount El Maniel; near Cabo Rojo, in copse land; near Mayaguez; near
Pepino, on declivities at Eneas.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St.
John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew, St. Kitts, Antigua
(Grisebach), Guadeloupe, St. Vincent. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of
America. |

Rhynchosia reticulata differs from the other two Rhynchosia species found in Porto
Rico in having calyx segments that are much longer than the tube, and as long as or
longer than the standard.

2. Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.4
(Urban, 307.)

Stem woody at the base, branches herbaceous, a high climbing plant; leaflets ovate or
ovate-rhomboid, acuminate, 5 to9 em. long, 3.5 to5cm. wide, very variable in the down
and in the size and form of the leaflets; racemes many-flowered, 8 to 13 em., sometimes
20 cm. long; flowers yellow with many red-brown lines; calyx 2 mm. long, tomentose;
corolla 11 to 15 mm. long; standard striate with purple.

Near Bayamon; near Aibonito, in the primeval forests at Cuyon and at Barrio del
Pasto; near Utuado, on shady declivities at Pellejas and in rocky localities of the pri-
meval forest at Los Angeles; near Lares, in mountain forests at Callejones; near Camuy,
on the edge of the woods at Cacao; near Manati, on calcareous mountains at Rio Arriba
Saliente; near Barceloneta, on the edges of the forestsof Mount Florida.—Cuba, Jamaica
(variety), Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), Guadeloupe (variety), Dominica (Grisebach),
Martinique (Copenhagen Herbarium), St. Vincent (variety), Trinidad (Grisebach).—
Central America, South America.

a Cook and Collins, p. 136, as Dolicholus phaseoloides.

7
-
1

4
;

:
}
P

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 913

The differences in the pod and seeds of R. phaseoloides and R. minima are quite strik-
ing. The pod of the former is constricted between the seeds, and the seeds are black
with a scarlet-yellow ring around the hilum, while the pod of the latter is not con-
stricted between the seeds, is much smaller, and has seeds that are entirely black. The
large brown glands on the under side of the leaves and on the calyx of R. minima are
most noticeable.

Local names, bejuco de paloma, peronias.

3. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.4¢
(Urban, 307.)

Stems firm, herbaceous, slender, trailing or twining, minutely tomentose or nearly
glabrous; leaflets broadly ovate-rhomboidal, mostly about 2.5 em. long when full grown,
but often much smaller; stipules minute, setaceous; racemes bearing in their upper por-
tion scattered pendulous yellow flowers, rarely exceeding 6.5 mm. in length, on very
short pedicels; calyx 4.5 mm. long, subglabrous; teeth linear-setaceous, reaching more
than halfway down; corolla 18 mm. deep; standard not silky, yellow veined with
purple.

Near Bayamon; near Catano; near Coamo, in the valley of El Tendal River; near
Lares, in thickets at Los Angeles; near Guanica, between Boca and Barinas in ditches;
near Cabo Rojo, at Miradero; near Mayaguez, in coast districts at Algarrobo; near Rin-
con, at Calvache.—One of the Florida Keys (Chapman), Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica,
Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm
Herbarium), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 247),
Mustique (do.), Union, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. This
species appears to be abundant in almost all subtropical or tropical countries. A com_
mon weed (ex Grisebach).

Local name, frijolillo, pequeio.

64. PHASEOLUS L.
Phaseolus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 723. 1753.

Calyx campanulate or shortly tubuliform, the 2 upper teeth free or connate, the
others deltoid or lanceolate; standard orbicular recurved or subtortuous, more or less
distinctly auriculate at the base, the edges inflexed toward the base, with or without a
longitudinal callus in the middle; wings obovate or rarely oblong, equaling or exceed-
ing the standard, adhering to the keel above the claw, often twisted; keel linear or
obovate, with a long obtuse spirally twisted beak; upper stamen free, often incrassated
or appendiculate above the base, the rest connate; ovary subsessile, with a cupuliform
discus, multiovulate; style long, incrassated within the beak of the keel and twisted
with it, usually longitudinally bearded upward; stigma oblique or on the inner side
of the style; pod linear or oblong, terete or compressed, straight or falcate, 2-valved,
usually slightly septate between the seeds.—Herbs, either annual or perennial and
woody at the base, short and erect or elongated and twining in the same species; leaves
pinnate; leaflets 3 or very rarely 1, with stipules; stipules persistent, striate, often cal-
carate; flowers white, yellow, violet, red, or purple, in axillary racemes; bracts usually
deciduous; bracteoles often wide and for some time persistent.

4 Cook and Collins, p. 136, as Dolicholus minimus.

214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Stipules not peltate; stipules and bracteoles ovate or oblong;
wings a little longer than the standard; upper tooth of the calyx
short, broad, truncate, emarginate. (Section EUPHASEOLUS. )
Calyx teeth all shorter than the tube.
Legume flat, broad, faleate, 2 or 3-seeded. 1. P. lunatus.
Legume linear, many-seeded, straight or slightly arcuate.
Bracteoles broad, equal to the calyx; peduncleshorter
than the petiole.
Bracteoles narrow, shorter than the calyx, peduncle
usually longer than the petiole.

to

P. vulgaris,

Keel spirally twisted (3 or 4 times). 3. P. caracalla,
Keel slightly twisted. 4. P. antillanus.
The lowest calyx teeth narrow, subequal to or longer than the
tube. 5. P. adenanthus.

Stipules often more or less peltate below the insertion; upper tooth

of the calyx short, broad, truncate or emarginate; wings subequal

to the standard. (Section SrropHOSsTYLES. ) 6. P. ovatus.
Stipules not peltate; calyx subtubular, with 5 acute teeth; wings

long-clawed, longer than the standard; legume narrow, reflexed.

(Section MAcROPTILIUM. ) 7. P. lathyroides.

1. Phaseolus lunatus L.
(Urban, 308.)

Stems biennial, usually twining; leaflets 3, the central one ovate-deltoid, 7 to 10 cm.
long, 5 to 7 cm. broad, the lateral ones very unequal-sided; flowers in copious long or
short stalked axillary racemes 2.5 to 10 cm. long; calyx 2.2 to 3 mm. deep; corolla
under 1.5 cm. deep; standard dull green, wings and keel pale blue or in the cultivated
plant white; pod 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 1.25 to 1.17 em. wide, glabrous, the upper suture
slightly and the lower much recurved, dark violet, margins green; seeds purple or
white.

Spontaneous and cultivated, near Coamo, in thickets at Farajones and in woods at
Pedro Garcia; near Cabo Rojo, on hedges at Buena Vista; near Rincon, in thickets at
Puntas; near Aguadilla in gardens at Espinel.—Cuba, Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St.
Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe,
Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Barbados, Trinidad (Kuntze), Margarita. Trop-
ical America. Widely dispersed through the tropics of both hemispheres.

P. lunatus is easily distinguished from P. vulgaris by its racemose inflorescence and
its smaller flowers, pods, and bracts.

This plant is cultivated in Africa for the same purpose as 7. vulgaris with us.

Local name, habas. Lima bean. :

2. Phaseolus vulgaris L.
(Urban, 308.)

Stem annual, wide-climbing; leaflets 3, the central one broad-ovate, 10 to 12.5 em.
long, acute; peduncles in pairs, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 2 or 3-flowered; pedicels 4.5 to 8.5
mm. long; calyx 0.6 mm. deep; corolla white or lilac, 2.5 cm. long; pod 10 to 12.5 em.
long, 1.2 cm. wide.

Cultivated near Adjuntas at Junco and near Mayaguez. PP. vulgaris is a commonly
cultivated species, not clearly known anywhere in a native state.

The home of the common bean, P. vulgaris, as Wittmack has shown, is South Amer-
ica, where nearly related species are also cultivated. Of this species there are innu-
merable varieties. The green pods are used as a vegetable in the form of “string”’ or

i. i

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PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 215

“snap”’ beans. The mature seeds, of which there are a number of different colors, are,
on account of the abundance of legumin and starch, very nutritious, but also somewhat
difficult to digest. They are consumed in large quantities, cooked in various ways, in
Mexico, the United States, and Europe. A small white variety, the “navy bean,”’ is
used for victualing ships. The meal made from the seeds was formerly and is even yet
used for poultices and is a component part of rouge.

Local name, habichuela.

3. Phaseolus caracalla Ee.
(Urban, 308.)

Stems woody at the base, high-twining, glabrous or subpubescent; stipules ovate
or oblong; petiole often reaching | foot in length; leaflets usually 30 cm. long, 10 cm.
wide, membranaceous; peduncle about 30 cm. long; nodes thickened, pedicels about
1.2 em. long; flowers about 2.5 cm. long, fragrant, purplish-lilac, or yellow and orange
mixed; calyx about | cm. long, large, often colored, glabrous; lobes short, broad, very
obtuse, uppermost one bifid, all much shorter than the tube; petals all more or less
twisted, keel 3 or 4 times twisted; legume straight, pendulous, 15 cm. long, acuminate,
glabrous, torulose.

Cultivated near Mayaguez.—Native country, South America.

Local name, caracol.

4. Phaseolus antillanus Urb.
(Urban, 309.)

Stems twining, 7 meters long; stipules oblong or obliquely ovate-oblong, 3 to 4 mm.
long, the apex obtuse; petiole with narrow and obliquely ovate stipels, reaching 2
mm. in length; leaflets 3, the central one triangular or ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide with a petiolule 1 to 2 cm. long, the lateral ones very
unequal-sided, obliquely ovate, truncate at the base, with a petiolule 2 to 3 mm. long,
all membranaceous when dry, shortly and thinly pilose or subglabrous; peduncle 7
to 30 em. long, with 2 to 5 nodes above; bracts, ovate-oblong obtuse, 2 to 4 mm. long;
pedicel 1 to 2mm. long; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, glabrous.or above thinly pilose, shortly
ciliate on the margin; tube campanulate; lower segments triangular or ovate, obtuse,
half as long as the tube, the lateral one somewhat longer, fhe uppermost one broadly
truncate or slightly emarginate; flowers blue, 20 to 25 mm. long, with a pedicel 1 to
2mm. long; standard broadly ovate, 20 mm. long, 17 mm.wide below, the apex rotund-
ate, slightly emarginate, the claw 5 mm. long; wings obovate-oblong, the apex sub-
truncate, 18 to 25 mm. long; pod 8 to 13 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, thinly clothed
with minute hairs, margin incrassate; seeds ovate-reniform, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide, convex, brown, often spotted with white.

Between Aibonito and Algarrobo on roadsides; near Juana Diaz in thickets toward
Escalabrado; near Guanica, in shady plains at Montalba; near Afasco on declivities
at Hatillo.—Cuba (Wright), Jamaica (March), Haiti (Buch), Martinique (Duss), St.
Vincent (Smith).

Probably near P. peduncularis H. B. K., as well as can be determined from the very
incomplete type specimen of that species.

5. Phaseolus adenanthus G. F. W. Mey.
(Urban, 308.)

Stem firm-herbaceous, wide-climbing; stipules 4.4 mm. deep, broad, ovate, erect,
persistent; petiole 3 to 6 cm. long; leaflets 3, the central one ovate, acuminate, 5 to
10 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide, the lateral ones unequal-sided, the veins beneath
slightly rufo-pubescent; flowers 6 to 12 in moderately dense axillary racemes on pe-
duncles exceeding the leaves, white with large red spots; calyx 0.6 mm. deep; corolla

216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

2.2 cm. deep, rose-red, rarely yellow and violet; pod 10 to 12.5 em. long, 6 to 8 mm.
wide, linear, compressed, slightly pubescent, dark; seeds 12 to 15.

Near Bayamon on the roadside and in hedges; near Cabo Rojo, in thickets toward
Monte Grande; cultivated near Mayaguez; near Afasco, in thickets at Hatillo; near
Aguadilla, at Victoria.—Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St.
Vincent, Tobago. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

This plant is in its habit quite different from P. semierectus. P. adenanthus is wide
climbing, the other erect, twining above. The pod of P. semierectus ts very narrow
and subeylindrical, that of P. adenanthus widely linear and compressed. The
flowers are larger than those of any other Porto Rican Phaseolus. In India the
tuberous root is cooked and eaten, especially in time of famine.

Local name, habichuela cimarrona (Cook and Collins).

6. Phaseolus ovatus Benth.
(Urban, 309.)

Stem climbing, slender, clothed with red-brown hairs; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, obtuse, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, membranous, beneath or on both sides pilose, becoming
glabrous; stipules ovate or oblong, about 6 mm. long, auriculate or subpeltate at the
base; peduncle 7.5 to 12.5 em. long; bracts linear, subulate, pilose, caducous; calyx +
subsessile, 2 to 4 mm. long, glabrous, the teeth shorter than the tube, the upper one
broad, the lateral ones obtuse, lowest one subacute; flowers yellow; standard orbicular,
1.2 to 1.4 mm. long; wings obovate, a little longer than the standard; beak of the keel
spirally twisted; legume 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, compressed, later subterete;
seeds ovate, compressed.

Near Mayaguez and near Vega Baja on the margins of the Yeguana Lake.—Cuba,
Brazil, Uruguay.

7. Phaseolus lathyroides L.4@

(Urban, 310.)

Stem erect or twining above, sericeous or glabrescent; leaflets broadly ovate or sub-
lanceolate; 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide; stipules lanceolate, setaceo-acuminate,
striate, 4 to 6.5 mm. long; petiole 2 to 3.5 em. long; peduncle elongated, 15 to 30 em.
long, flowering part 5 to 7.5 em. long; calyx 6 mm. deep; corolla purple, 1.3 to 1.7 em.
deep; pod narrowly linear, erect, subcylindrical, 7 to 11 em. long, 4 mm. wide, many-
seeded.

Near Bayamon in rocky and dry places; near Aibonito, at La Lima; in Maricao in
the streets; near Mayaguez.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, |
St. Croix (Eggers), St. John (do.), Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent,
Bequia, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 247), Barbados, Grenada, Curagao. Indig-
enous in tropical America; distributed over the tropics of the whole world.

Sintenis collected under the no. 5854 and under the name habichuelas a cultivated
species of Phaseolus, which can not be determined because its flowers are faded and
deformed. Is this not perhaps P. multiflorus Willd.?

|

65. VIGNA Savi.

Vigna Savi, Osserv. Phas. 3: 7. 1824.
Callicysthus Enpu. Prod. Fl. Norfolk 90. 1833.
Scytalis E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 144. 1835.

Calyx campanulate or subtubuliform, the two upper lobes free or connate; standard
suborbicular, the base appendiculate, with inflexed auricles; wings falcate-obovate,

a Cook and Collins, p. 216, as Phaseolus senvierectus.

PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 217
.
rather shorter than the standard; keel almost as long as the wings, truncate, or beaked
at the tip, but the point not spiral; upper stamens free, the others united; ovary sessile,
multiovulate; style filiform, dilated upwards, longitudinally bearded on the inner
side upwards; stigma very oblique; pod linear, straight or slightly recurved, subterete,
2-valved, filled within between the seeds; seeds reniform, quadrate.—Herbs, either
prostrate and trailing or twining or more rarely somewhat erect; leaves pinnate; leaflets
3, stipellate; stipules usually persistent, rarely produced below their insertion; flowers
greenish yellow, more rarely purple, in axillary racemes; bracts and bracteoles usually
very deciduous.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Calyx teeth linear-lanceolate, equaling the tube; stem and leaf-
lets clothed with adpressed, strong, silky hairs; terminal leaflet
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; peduncles 7.5 to 30 em. long, 2
to 4-flowered; corolla reddish-purple, 2.5 em. long, conspicu-
ously veined; keel prolonged into an incurved beak; pod linear,
7.5 to 10 em. long, silky, recurved. 1. V. vexillata.
Calyx teeth deltoid, shorter than the tube.
Pod 3.7 to 5 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, slightly recurved, glab-
rescent or thinly silky, 8 to 10-seeded; seeds shiny, brown
with white hilum; terminal leaflet ovate, acute, 5 to 7.5 em.
long, both sides glabrous; stipules not spurred; flowers 12
to 20 in a conical raceme on a glabrous peduncle 5 to 10 cm.
long; corolla pale yellow, 11 to 13 mm. long. 2. V. repens.
Pod pendulous, 15 to 30 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, subcom-
pressed, 10 to 15-seeded, slightly torulose when fully /
matured; seeds white, red, or black; terminal leaflet
roundish or ovate, 7.5 to 15 em. long, both sides glabrous;
stipules comparatively large, distinctly spurred; flowers in
6 to 12-flowered racemes, on glabrous peduncles 15 to 30
cm. long; corolla yellow or reddish, 2.5 cm. deep. 3. V. unguiculata.

1. Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.
(Urban, 310.)

-Stem herbaceous, wide climbing; terminal leaflet 5 to 7.5 cm. long; petiolule 1 to
1.8 cm. long, flowers white inside, becoming blue; calyx | to 1.5 cm. deep.

Near Bayamon in meadows and on roadsides; between Aguas Buenas and Caguas on
roadsides.—Cuba, Haiti, St. Vincent, Grenada. This species is widely spread over
tropical Asia, Africa, and America.

This plant on account of the obliquity of the flower and the length of the beak is
intermediate in some respects between Vigna and Phaseolus, and has been placed
alternately by botanists in either of these genera or in Dolichos, or it has been pro-
posed as a distinct genus.

Local name, frijol cimarrén.

2. Vigna repens (L.) O. iiuntze.¢
(Urban, 311.)

Stems very slender, wide-twining, glabrous; petiole 2.5.to 5 cm. long; stipules
minute, lanceolate, not spurred; leaflets 3, membranous, both sides glabrous, the end
one ovate, acute, 5 to 7.5 cm. long; petiolule 0.8 to 1.6 em. long; lateral ones unequal-
sided; flowers up to 12 or 20 in a conical raceme on a glabrous peduncle 5 to 10 cm.

@Cook and Collins, p. 262, as Vigna luteola.

218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

long, yellow; pedicel 2 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles very minute; calyx cam-
panulate, glabrous, 4 mm. deep; teeth deltoid, shorter than the tube; corolla 1 to 1.2
em. long; standard glabrous on the back; pod 3.7 to 5 em. long, slightly recurved,
glabrescent or thinly silky.

Near Bayamon in grassy plains; near Patillas in coast districts at Gue~daraya; near
Sabana Grande, on the bank of Estero River; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo at Los Morillos;
near Mayaguez; in coast districts at Algarrobo; near Manati in meadows near the sea-
shore.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas,
St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, St. Vincent, Bequia
(Kew Bull. No. 81, p. 247), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago. This species is common
from temperate North America to Argentina. Tropical and south Africa, tropieal
Asia, and Australia.

3. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
(Urban, 311.)

Stems annual, twining, subglabrous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, subpeltate, 0.8 to
1.2 cm. deep; petioles 5 to 15 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets 3, the central one roundish or
ovate, 7.5 to 15 cm. long, acute, the base rounded; petiolule 2.5 to 5 em. long, lateral
ones often unequal-sided, both sides glabrous; flowers in 6 to 12-flowered racemes on
glabrous peduncles 15 to 30 cm. long; bracts like the stipules; pedicels very short;
calyx glabrous, 4 mm. deep; teeth deltoid, acuminate, shorter than the tube, the two
upper ones connate; corolla yellow or reddish, 2.5 em. deep.

Cultivated near Yabucoa, at Guayavote, and near Mayaguez. Universally culti-
vated throughout the Tropics.

Two varieties occur, one with lilac flowers and yellow seeds spotted with red, the
other with yellow standard, purplish white wings, and white or pale yellow seeds
which are brown at the hilum.

The pods and seeds are eaten and the fibers of the long peduncles are used for ropes,
nets, and cloths.

Local names, /rijoles, lentejas.

66. PACHYRHIZUS Rich.

Cacara Rumpu.; Thou. Dict. Sc. Nat. 6: 35. 1806.
Pachyrhizus Ricu.; DC. Mem. Legum. 379. 1825.
Taeniocarpum Dersy. Ann. Sc. Nat. 9: 420. 1826.

Calyx campanulate, the two upper teeth subconnate, the others equal, lanceolate;
standard broadly obovate, appendiculate at the base with inflexed auricles; wings
oblong, faleate; keel incurved, obtuse, equaling the wings; stamens diadelphous or
monadelphous; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style moderately thick, the apex
subinvolute, flattened on the inner side; stigma subglobose, oblique; pod linear,
subcompressed, depressed transversely between the seeds and septate within, 2-
valved.—Herbs, twining; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, usually more or less sinuate-
dentate, stipellate; flowers in elongated, sometimes panicled axillary racemes; bracts
and bracteoles minute, setaceous, deciduous.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Root a turnip-like tuber; corolla blue; pod 15 to 22.5 cm. long. P. erosus.
Root of long cord-like fibers bearing a succession of tubers; flowers
white; pod 20 to 30 cm. long. P. tuberosus.

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PERKINS——-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 219

1. Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.¢

(Urban, 311.)

eas

Root a tuber like a turnip; stems perennial, firm, wide-twining, subglabrous;
stipules small, linear or lanceolate; petioles firm, 5 to 15 em. long; leaflets roundish,
usually more or less rhomboidal, often sinuate-lobate, 10 to 15 cm. each way, both
sides glabrous or the lower with thinly adpressed gray-silky hairs when young;
flowers in ample racemes 10 to 15 cm. long, on firm peduncles often equaling them;
pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long; calyx 6.5 to 8.5 mm. deep, silky, the teeth reaching about
halfway down; corolla blue, 2.5 cm. deep or more; pod 15 to 22.5 cm. long, 17 to
19.5 mm. wide, glabrescent, subcompressed, distinctly constricted vertically, 9 to

| 12-seeded; seeds compressed-roundish.

Near Bayamon; near Las Piedras; near Aguada, in mountain woods at Rio Grande;

) near Aguadilla on mountain slopes.—Cuba (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas, Guade-
loupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 247),

| Bequia. Native country not clearly known.

This plant is not only widely distributed in the tropics of Asia and America, but
is often cultivated on account of its tuberous root, which resembles a turnip, and is
eaten raw or cooked. .

Local name, habilla.

—

| 2. Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.
(Urban, 312.)

Herb twining, 3 to 6 meters high; root consisting of a number of simple cord-like
fibers, several feet in length, stretching under the surface of the ground, bearing in
their course a succession of tubers; leaflets subentire or slightly sinuate (in the young
leaves sometimes deeply lobed); raceme almost simple, the lower branches very
short, many-flowered; flowers white; pod 20 to 30 cm. long, 1.8 to 2 cm. broad, con-
stricted between the seeds; seeds red.

Cultivated near Rincon in Hacienda La Palmira. Native country unknown. Mr.
Oliver says ‘‘I think this plant may well be a variety of P. angulatus Rich. originated
under cultivation, but so marked as to require a distinct name for cultural purposes,
and for the present the specific name given by Lamarck may suitably be adopted.”’

Cultivated for its large edible tubers. It can be planted at any season of the year,
and the roots are fit for digging in 4 or 5 months. The pods of this plant (the yam
bean), according to Dr. Trimen, are an admirable vegetable, superior to ordinary
French beans in the absence of a fibrous string about the sutures of the pod. The
seeds are poisonous. Macfadyen says in the Flora of Jamaica, ‘* The tubers may either
be boiled plain, in which state they are a very good substitute for yams and other
roots in common use, or they may be submitted to a process similar to arrowroot, and
a starch obtained. This starch is pure white and is equal in every respect to arrow-
root.”

67. DOLICHOS L.

Dolichos L. Sp. Pl. 2: 725. 1753.
Macrotyloma Wicur & Arn. Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1: 248. 1834.
Dolichus E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 140. 1835.

Calyx campanulate, the 2 upper teeth united into one entire or emarginate one;
standard orbicular, the thickened base appendiculate with inflexed auricles; wings
falcate-obovate, adhering to the keel; keel much incurved, usually rostrate, but not

@Cook and Collins, p. 208, as Pachyrrhizus angulatus.

220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

spiral; upper stamen free, often appendiculate or incrassate near the base; anthers uni-
form; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style thickened upwards, either bearded longi-
tudinally on the inner side or hairy all around, at least around the stigma, which is
small and terminal; pod linear or broadly oblong, compressed, straight or curved, the
sutures incrassated, the valves nearly flat or slightly convex; seeds thick, compressed.
Twining, trailing, or erect shrubs or undershrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, stipellate;
stipules usually small; flowers violet, flesh-colored, yellowish or whitish, sometimes
solitary or fascicled, sometimes in racemes; bracts and bracteoles striate, usually small.

1. Dolichos lablab L.
(Urban, 312, as Lablab vulgaris Savi.)

A wide¢limbing perennial with subglabrous stem; leaflets membranous, central
one ovate-deltoid, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, broadly spatulately narrowed at the base; flowers
in racemes, 7.5 to 15 em. long; calyx 3.3 to 6.5 mm. long, subglabrous; corolla 1.5 to 1.9
cm. deep, reddish or pale, keel abruptly incurved; style flattened upwards, not
twisted, narrowed at the base; pod 3.5 to 5 em. long, 2 em. broad, narrowed at the base,
the upper suture nearly straight, the faces glabrescent, rarely persistently pubescent;
seeds 2 to 4.

There occur also three varieties, one with white flowers, variety albiflorus DC., the
second with purple flowers, variety purpureus DC., and the third with rose-colored
flowers.

Cultivated and seemingly wild at Bayamon in gardens; near Caguas; near Mayaguez;
cultivated near Rincon and also near Aguadilla, at Espinal.—Bahama (Hitchcock),
Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, St. Croix, St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), St. Kitts (Grise-
bach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no.
81, p. 247). In the tropics of both hemispheres. Native country probably tropical
Africa (Bentham).

This plant is universally cultivated in the tropics, where the young pods and the
black or brown seeds are used as a vegetable.

Local names, frijoles caballeros, chicharos, cicero.

INDEX OF GENERA AND COMMON NAMES.

(Synonyms of genera in italics.)

Page
Te ee ea RN. ions yuk oie oh ee Bae 197
0 eee 144
cp ol Do Ae Bae ee eae nC ecg eee eae 145
Oo ae a eee ere ee 146
RE ORIQURNGYS Go 5s )cn oon ace ne ae <= 144
SARAETEEOMOUMUS fo oc. 2 ac wi a v's onto See etic +3 172
LOD pe ee 148
vGlinG ier Se ee ee er 149
Se, oe i Ee 181
OSC ier a. er eS 181
as roe pwc abn os Sb <= oe se Se 179
MMR 7a SS NEN yee ee 142
De a ene es 152
LA TROD te ee eee ee ene 203
mer platonico...............=«...---- ee wee 5)
TILER aes a NE, Ee 140
Neher 196
CATMUL orci Se a 173
CLT AT ee 175
OT NE TE Rap a 143
MICRO TGA 2 Sok ee ee ee 143
LENT TEU PIT hc RI ES NS SR 184
CTT Ee ee 184
OS ee 154
UMCTIEAG) 5. Sea 145
PeeIetG-DUBUIS'. =.= s202-2 <0. cece anne accase 167, 168
NE ARE ee sk Seen a Fec'e us 167
IR oI) = ee eee 179
(RT SGN IG le or re 168
Tee 02K 040} y 6) 9X0 (: i a 168
sn ae 175
TE Daw Ove VeI (SHS ee ee ee ae ee ee 175
SUPUTTEN 3 Se es eee 153
15 onal 15 0 crt: ee ee 214
RITEE eee ise Sere se ca ao ate SERS 215
SALTY Os ee ee 215
SE (go (i a a 204
SIDR DIED ET 0 (5 ee 204
“clay a Cel th (7: see ae ee a 199
TENGY Oy ee: a EE See i Aten nee See Mee ae 209
TERRE eta pot a eoab wae 213
OES Sa Sy ee 204
NET SE a a 178
BMETIBDON ORs 26 sot kt oS. ck eecicccs 176
EE EC ope cidg nuns eG neweks nee cendaeee 142
EN ere ean ino Ceank Ew hh eke Gldewnd 199
DR SONINE ea Sot wa OS ya os newt asc kek we 172
178
202
203
176
218

Page.

(GEV CLO) Wel Vetere ened pe ee Ee 165
Os i [0 ey AEE RD Be ae 5 SR SRR ee, Ee 210
BT EL TE, | a ee Te Se oe te ee Pee eT 210
NCS SNUG ee fo ors. Se ant eo an eee 210
OEIC 0 bf: a en ne a 143
POU AO ps io DESI he 216
Calopogonium....- te © Lan peng 206
SLT eee en at ie a | 168
[SPIRES Sa. on ots eat ee eee ae eas 164
@anarlisnilae tas. 4h o-.5.0 does cee oe 157
CINE TOUAN ete SB ooce. ok ee eee een oe ae 158
GCONCUUE 2 Soe a ioe So ee aa 2 6 Bee am 209
GO anVay Alia ae see. erst cin Sar Se oe 209
CORIO PIISG. Seu EBS Ao ioe oo name tee 166
apaeole . ook ai see: «a eee ee
STAC OUELO eee eae cc = ace ae ee re 178
LOM ee oy: (eyaee ee ne eS ee 171
SIRI eee foe ee ee te ee ee = ee 172
PATI Ce eas mee ero semen eae 171
VECO nR ek eee Oe on oo an Sees 172
ORISSA a eee ea th a 5 ae ee oe 155
MOWOTSaig. = hen Smee ok. aetna oe 145
(SSISSIG sree ee re Sos oer ey De 145
COLGOTIT Oe ee ee es ee a ee 141
GentTOSEMI ts co 5 Sate ee eee 199
DPTRINGs ete ee one ea aan ae ee 168
GRICHT OSM ree ce aoe ee ee eee eee 220
CiCOT Ose ena eee ee ees ieee cook eee 220
Ole celina. ocean eee ena eens 168
GUIGOT ls so ee ee oe ore eee eee een 198
(SGD SING eee oo een Mee ae ee 152
‘Gionfel ote a eee | eee 142, 145, 150
ROR a oon a ae eels = 142, 145, 150
Peas Gh rte oh oe Sea e ewe 144, 150
Cees ree ate eee cao eten eee 150
Ganchita de, Plumvers. 2.22 2-2 cee owen ene 200
ol, Se ee ee el ee eee ie 201
CODA, AINGTIOAs veda ke oe scu SGM. oWe cus dees 152
PRN eee at eee aan neh owas os Sader 144
COLINAS: sone = hee ea akan econ esas 150
OTUes ABO OP OZOn ae Gan eee cc ewes eon ea ee 159
RHOT VION Dae iee ee We ns Sie eke canes 177
GOT TRILL enti =r ee se oe ae ae oe hata 177
OPO Hoe oe ta Eg heen net ke ee ese 152
OOM I ALE eee career hk Seen meine Boe eos 152
COUT DAT WOOO gree xied olan oo lac ok <a Sho 152
GOW RROD ln Wilts aa ews os oe ee sewed 205
Op VC 6 hom Sea. 2 i ay oS ee ee ee 178
(GRESNOOWI OP LE wa etna en ack kee Ce ke ewes 209
(GROSUH CLO PenLQeORE a 6 Socio hw Gok cen s chews 179
DlAdIOO Sac wenle seb wows cucu enn 202

SEOO es CHIGM secu t ae keke eso kebctake clu senses 167

Vill INDEX.
Page. Page
ITRRERII occa cuecsndceadeakep auaun laenen -«« 170 | Bledlonda..........cccccocsch one ene 159
SWSROODRA YS s wahedaccwepedavesente Caalaenneie 168 | Hedlondilla..........cces-dsecenseeeee 146, 161, 162
CURTIS os aos cea ceacs ecco dn cuelnameerenat 147 | Hemidesima... .......s0ceccc0ccssen eee 148
ho ees eee ee 206 | Berméatera.. «..0cccccescccsnasdcupaeeee 181
RF IORED a on cin inde dkvee wap eese keneinaeee 161 | Hoepfneria........cccececsn>-ss 00h ennnee 197
OVAIIOIG [0 op cas cbdna wens xo 2p due 151 | Hoja de sen............-s.5ss00sees vee 158
DRIDGTING. Wen roche uenaus cde ct eden eee 192 | Horse 6ye...... cece sc cus ce sparen 166
Daa aes ba Sa os cuca de tode Outen eeaeukuckan 178 | Hymenséa...........-..+..-.00 geen 152
DOGG so Sentshaxs ocataceuns ackheneo eerie 179 | Hymenospron. ... ...<...c0.eaenseeeeeeeeee 209
DOOKIE son 5 ivan nat ages ete essed weake 165 | Immortel jaune..............casceuee eee 203
DGSTRCINEG sawp ws oceans eck eee 148.| Indigo. . 2.2... 00s .cccb eee cee 173
DekManthusk >. oc. css ou Soke aeeee st eeme eee 148 .|| Indigofera. .<...... 022.220. 5cne seen 172
Deaniante ‘amawillo . ioc. doc asen eee nant 140 | IDB oc occ wcweccunesdas supe s bese 140
THVAOO:: i525 cows Reps s Soe eee CT el, 5 ee 151
Dem OUI os 5 otic via sn st cen 184 | Jatahy.........<.--..-«00s-beeneeeeeeeeee 152
TMOG: . <-o cae wnt ee ceo as vss ac see 200 | Jatoba... 5005. c. ese c dense eee 152
DOUGCNOWES | ic casaccteccncsece ces CoRR 277 | Jerusalem thorn... .:.........0s ese 164
PGUQUOS Seo an ena ee eres Pe A = eee, 219 | Jicamas. .< 5. sans doc on omen hae 206
gE PS reat ey ae ee 219 | Junquillo...........<.-.=<+005s anne 190
DOTONGGIR «5 65 i tesa fans eee 160 | Jutahy...............:.2..07 ese 152
Dragon’s blood, American.................. 194 | Krameria... .:....--:.05....0uen eee 163
DITOIOORIIB Si wd 2 oko xy deta Gee ee 193 | Lentejas.....-.......:....:ccnseneeeenene 218
7 ne aieees of Lag ee need: 168 | Leptoglottie.i.......----+.0~ sae 146
BIN oo ih tats fs vitae ea nnd Her Pe SO te 176 | Lima bean.:..-...2...--2s0s s50e eee 214
Gc Tt: ae, er a a an 2 2) eta Reem A. Ba 150 | Locust tree... ............5++0seeeee 152
Pe EIR sooo oat <2 9a sae o 2a eee 202 | -Lomoplis. . . ........<..-5.<.=.5sene 147
Hrythnrine 06 chyenns. — 2.22. sess. se 203 | Lonchocarpus, .............<ssee 194
EscamDron:ColoxvadO: wocon oceans sees 142 | Lucaend. .. ....s00.... 2222. ace 146
Co Slee ee Penola rte ae, heey ge 161 | Macrotropts.........<.....-ss-s0ss eae 168
BOER 6 QIMNOT* oo. cas Sees oe ete Se 167 | Macrotyloma...........-:<--+--see see 219
MeTNAMPOUGE. .. + Seeks Seon ee eRe es 167 | Madera negra............-:-. 5.55 eee 176
DURING ANE Soon i ak Sonne ese ken ke anes 143,165 | Madre de cacao. ...........-..:ssaeee eee 176
DIRMCO2 uc 6 Scan eee eee pe eee ee ee 154 | Mani..::...........5. 21). 185
GOIOTAU OT Ao So ec ee eek steece 165 | Manila nut... ...........0 5:0 eee 184
Pinore ds paradisncysG ihe cent oc 168 | Manna. ....-..-..-..:0..55 200,050 157
BIDE GS Di oes:s nc dev ake eee heehee eee 199,201 | Maray-maray........5----...+-05)eeeeeeee 193
SAUG 2. o Suiicuns See eeeceeks Seek Sen eeee 164 | Mariposa... ....<....:....s5 05a 154
WAOWET TOHCE . 5 2ocnat wat yeeeconu eee serene nee 168 | Mata raton.....:.....-.52.0.. 0a 176
of Batbados:. sccrecres=<eeenee ee 168 | Matos.c+. >. 22.22 2.- Si hoe 150, 209, 206
MOTLO VOUUULE . ao ocnkcntworacreusteenues sere 196 cA eS 166
TOL CIMATTON «052. uua ec pon bbe e eee eee See 217 colorado ..o2...2.2+.-«.s5605 ee 150, 210
BOMTIDION® 2 Sn bsco sch csa tes beste te eee epee eee 218 de la playa. .- .-:-.5. 02. aoe 210
Cabauerose. csc ss dcuces see eee 220 Ge Playa oe o 2 .<n.00- hes vie bee 166
MIIOUNO oc: woke lus aown bee ee cedee eee a eee 213 | Maton... 222.222. ...5259.00. 25 ee 176
MRSUCL. . occu oseeoe nba con kes babe eee 181 | MAtOS. wecccc ccc wceS ckens oe see 169, 205
ECU as nos poe s Usp oun bene Oe 206 Ge PIAFGE.. 34: iesh cee h eee potas eee
CFRINLO 08 Sido cc cck oe coe eee ee ee ee 179 del monte......20 65-64... 25a
CAG 3. a6 Sains weeds cee eee ete eee 211 | Matrach. ...---..6.60ss.55255 ee eee
Gamdaren. 2 2 5 dacs cedex aoe seen e eee 911 |, Meibomia........-......++.2.ss5neeeeeee
Gendarme... .cdcke cs cus see eee eee 167 | Membrillo........-.-0s::::22ss5eepoge
NG oo Ss nb one dope ne re =aane aera S oeeeeee 195 | Metrocynia... .......2.+.0++.<2<2seeeeeeeeeee
PUITICIONS . = se as Danie nied s nos SERS ee ee 176. | Mimosa... soc ne ects css scueeeeee
REDO <a cas oso ou oe. 8 See 184 | MGS. oon. ences cabs cen wes op ae
IND oe an cine va we su oe ob bate eee re eee 149 DIANCE, . ow 2 cows ss sccen senses
SIV IDIGRANG . occ Sees sd su ct cna scene 166 | Morir vivir... ......0.2..0:.-s<ss00e eee
PROTO Gaics vee ducts sooo enue ee eee See 184 CiIMATTON .... 2. .- 0b eneeseeeneeee
ROT neat anew an oe edeeecet avun to eee 141 | Morivivi.... 12.002. 02 <ss-200s000 teen
Guacalote AMATO: 06>... von a eneees eee 167 | Morongid....< .....s02sessenens san eee
DPICU he Cowes exh euchndsb ewan eee aoe 166 | Mouricou... 222. ..22.ccen esse <5 seen
RTI sine Sal dun vcd nee de he's cs Js eee 141 | Moutowcht...... 0.65. .0). 2.5 sae ee
OUR A accu circ ee degm'ad maces poe ee 141 | Moutouchta... << vnc ceee se acncnn ve seen
RR Sen eCG ewe sale oad we nwen wee e be cee 914 | MUCUNS.....62- 605 0ccnensonnsss seen
a Fa eek baw ones 2s k« eee 215 | Mundubts....c.csceesuewese st cass eeee ‘od dell
MER Sita tree cus one sae skeen baknieee 216 | Myrospermum............-.----.--sssssnses
Habichuelas........... i ncestenadeereceiee 216 | “Nephrosts ... .....0scss.0eccus-+> sense
RMN Baa Be aldse wo no's ps 3 0 och a owe aon oe 219 | Neptunia............0)...750ss an =e
PERM a nedel Kenge st oky ke as = 36h wae 164 | Neuroscapha.......«.-------00s ssasensesass

INDEX.

Page.
aT RE eee Se ee vines nce macs ae os a 166
i ocala ss omens caw asd aicacennesess= cones 166
eR Ne el Sree S ns Soma os eso 167
Se ee en ots s ooo sine nbere 206
COT GY? CNT ee tie ls tele 166
OCD) (es eee 205
RMAC STG Sa eh Sos Sune ewiee oe ie 209
SOLIS RL... san alll a 168
RMINEPRFEROME ELE Drs as cng nwinawelng 5 a- ewe 193
Cg EE 218
Palo de boyo....... A 3 eee isu bases 203
eC ST AE es Se a 193
BIN ROU Gece a. erential si ns SE guise are 164
lt 0%) pe yO 194
PEGVT CS) eae Se eye (rapes ea ere 150
Ra Tif fe ea mala eae lee co 169
(OLE LoS os Si ig ne ie Syren ee 193, 194
TEEN 0 13 yesh GR ee mca Ieee 164
TRUSTE eee ee ae eens scapes o's 196
UR ee 2 ie mon we idee 199
RRM ONT I eh Se a Se ciel ie eae ele wie 163
DODGED Si 173
RRC TEL ee tres es A ome oe oe 184
I UELAIND Le = elie ON a a nS SS 184
JESib) ayate EM C3 blo}: ee ar 203
LAG U0). 5 ES a ee nee 213
TES SNGiaT i). ee sD ipsa it ee, A 169, 198
LUE GNIITS Ts 5 213
TEA ROT RIICIS) oS: 2 Og es a 150, 198
ERPEPRSCES UIUC ie 2, A I Fees a a as 213 |
LENT TGS (0 eae eee ee 144
LEST OCT 5 i aE ge ee a ea 205
VeTICTR INO (200 eS et a re 150
TEE 2 2 Se Sg la ne 196
PEL OMIUs eon see oe 5 141
MERPPURTIIO ILS eo yk st ee 185
Se RR a a a 168 |
2 EE Se ot ee ee 165 |
VP CUTE (EIT Gg ee a 168
LY ra VCG aS a Se pa 165
CISA LO tee 7. ONE 3 J a Sk ajo ise eae nn 152
IPPEVOCHMHOUS Sas fon che Sok cee nto s sic kas c 194
ORO tent oe ce SS eet NE ee 152 |
(Soil) O SS Aa ee SO le ee ee ae ee eee 166
ROS COM tee ate cee ee ce 152
CouTbATI. 2. 252:.2 ae al 2s i ie 152
LE SLR OT eo 0 el ae a ee 161,177
ity eh gt 00) |e: ee en 211
GG 02a a 142
OS a eee ee 203
MURR MAS biciais oA a ies Soe bce oe wii w swiss 211
ee Se ee ee 142
LOO a oe rn re 144
SUELO CRO eo hia paca wa pe 5 oPatais Se ine ins So ose 150
PUMICE TEOM NE Been iar ao ae Ae ao Ael we eteec 146
0 Se ee 146

25734—Vou 10, pr 4—07——_7

IX

Page.

DCUDUAGE le tg eee dois em ae ee 70S ow T0 nk pe 216
POLO MDHIB =i eee see en den ad nwcne n= Be 158, 159
“Sfeya int ig Uc eg te OG ates es eS a eRe a 168
ein hu: Wes Se eg ae Oa r= 147
SINS EL Weerrs bend the caeteted acct tate o's ae ass wee 147
SE) hol Pe Sia aS 8 A ERS Ae Oi ey rye 168
BOR Ona sa 8a tee ose eles cow os ween 179, 180
al S120) hiv kee Sai, Seas eee ia ert eae 154
OA ICN tee ete Sle ne op wie ete « aoe oS oan te 171
SS OPER ate na ea ae Bi as = Was wrayer ara Sar 169
SPAMS CATIONONS . 5% Gs qicesna doe et keite wee 168
DCETLOLO DILOTUNE =< ice a oe a Pine o dee = = 172

ES TILLIECLOLOUUIIIY 2 nice 2 a duce staan a taeaeaers 2 «fe a 194
UO LO UU ae ete ere Mee wie see en oa wee 14]
SLACIUCHTUBUMic = 2 Shas tae conta tances aca 149
UIs eee Se Se, See ees Ss a oe 151
| Stenolobium.......- SEN Ee A ee eer 206
SU VIOSMIUMCR arama ise n eet ale oe 183
SUD Mate 1e 1 5 Ne a Ag aT SI Ie Op 206

PPS DEN ec] OnE) ae onal ee eee ee ae el ee 181
TGEMO COMPUTE 2 23.3 on a oo Shes ao wn pea eae oels 218
al AIAG A Os oases ccc at oe ou. ase 160
UAL AMUGN Ol ye eee an ena aa ene s ode 160
Mama rinGwlOnn se ows sae ot. ao ace e 151, 162
SIVAN SUT INT CLO) eee ecto ore ee sit ie 153
CIM TIOU eee oe eae oe eee 145
STE SSN TN SATUS CULTS ecto te eee a crcl tras re 152
TDN OUIOW, ete ee een ere yo, sett ea ea 152
TOM DCbAL ons te ee nee cease ease <6 tom
Mera Ss. so cctae co. eee Os Sees oe ose 201
TROTUCT Raia = 2 ee en 2 site a ee eee eases 206
PIO les, a MO oe a rn at J Fae oe etinee 177
| Una de EO od ee eee ae ee re 142
honmiebalo* L225) ks. ona fe. ae 154
Wen TA aeee oe ee ee ee eee 196
NYT ATE: aes eS ae Ae ae en pt a a Oe 216
VOW CUPOMe goats oe sien, 5 eee 196
WAGON Se ae tee ok ee oe ol eee cee 168
Yerba de'cienegaics-.4--.--s.2------ eee 182
CONLTADANG Os. 20k Seca sees Se ee 192
NECLONG A MIACHO soe eon ee em ees 159
POSHTI ON eee = eae a a ee 182,183
NiGUESae CHAI co seee re Son Sw ee ee aoe ee 166
TUE eee ee a: Oe ae Meee eee 145, 167
TONZRIDOUD Maa: Soe OER a3 sb oe ee ee 144
ZAZA DSCORS 2 MR ee open eee eos 161, 189, 190
COlasdexescOrpion:..- 2.255. <> 2 tees ec ens 191
AGGGSNOIAS Se a5 oe sess © soa. veto 185
Bp i ee a a i 188
CELETCRSNOTOS Guo noone wacom Gow oye 187
SOY Ge Ae ae a ee a ee 184

BSD manos epee aa ee as wae ee eee es 191
PEC NEO ot a a se 188
OUI Dee ee ees ccna keane 187
PONT OR TOME 8 LN A CR ge No te tee 185
IT TAND yet ara tod Ses ei Sara se ew ee ae 185

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

4 UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARICY

VOLUME X, PART 5

REPORT ON THE
DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES
IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN, 1888-1904

By ALBERT MANN
[ Assisted in the bibliography and citations by P. L. Ricker]

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: WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1907

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
PNT eED STATES NATIONAL’ MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL TERBARICM

VOLUME X. PART 5

Reon ON. THE
DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES
Pe tite PACIFIC OCEAN, 1888—1904

By ALBERT MANN

[ Assisted in the bibliography and citations by P. L. Ricker]

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICA!

GARDEN.

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1907

a
.

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEU

IssuED Jury 11, 1907

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PREFACE. GARDEN.

In the autumn of 1887 the steamer Albatross, of the United States
Bureau of Fisheries, which had previously been employed on the
Atlantic coast of North America, was despatched to the Pacific
Ocean, where it has since been engaged in fishery and deep-sea
investigations on the western coast of the United States, off British
Columbia and Alaska, and also in more distant regions. The bot-
tom samples obtained by the dredge and sounding cup during the
several cruises from 1888 to 1904, inclusive, were referred to Dr.
Albert Mann, an expert student of the diatoms, for separating out
and reporting upon these minute plant organisms, a difficult and
painstaking task, the results of which are given in the paper here-
with presented.

The titles in the bibliography and the citations throughout the
body of the report have, with very few exceptions, been verified
from the original papers by Mr. P. L. Ricker, to whom acknowledg-
ment is here made.

II

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| Annotated catalogue of genera and species

| Data of the stations at which diatoms were collected by the Albatross

CONTENTS.

I I ot a gt a a NR ere oo nk od wes gee we

NE Sl 2 1S Sk Sp ee eR gd = SE SOs wb in on

PLATE XLIV.

XLV.

XLVI.
XLVIT.
XLVITI.
XLIX.

. Diatoms of several genera
. Diatoms of the genera Melosira, Campyvlodiscus, and Trigo-

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Diatoms of the genera Amphora, Achnanthes, and Dimere-
2d NCCE i te ere ae, See eB :
Diatoms of the genera Actinoptychus, Asteromphalus, and

Stephanopyxis

Diatoms of the genus Biddulphia
Diatoms of the genus Biddulphia

Facing page.

Piatoms of the cenus Coscinodiseus. ..-.....:-..-.2:2..+..-~
Diatoms of the genus Coscinodiscus..:................-.---

. Diatoms of the genera Plagiogramma and Navicula
. Diatoms of the genus Navicula
. Diatoms of the genus Tripodiscus

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REPORT ON THE DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS
VOYAGES IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN, 1888-1904.

By ALBERT Mann.

[Assisted in the bibliography and citations by P. L. Ricker. ]

INTRODUCTION.

The paper here offered is a report of the diatoms found in the sea
dredgings and soundings of the United States Bureau of Fisheries
steamer Albatross, which covers all the material collected and avail-
able up to January 1, 1905, exclusive of what is embraced in a short
report already published = the author.

The preliminary work was done in the Smithsonian Tateitaiaon:
Washington, D. C., during the winters of 1899-1900 and 1904-5. The
crude material, as a rule bottled and preserved in alcohol, was first
examined under the microscope, using magnifying powers ranging
from 23 to 590 diameters, so as to discover which gatherings gave
promise of affording diatomaceous material. In very many cases no
trace of diatoms was discoverable. The gatherings thus selected were
then prepared for more accurate investigation by methods that are
briefly described as follows:

The mud is first passed through a sieve of bolting cloth with a mesh
of about one thirty-second inch, so as to strain out large pieces of for-
eign material, such as bits of animal tissue, fragments of shells, ete.
The alcohol is then eliminated by washing in filtered or distilled water
in a glass beaker and decanting of the liquid after all solid material has
settled. The mud is next boiled in a beaker with concentrated com-
mercial hydrochloric acid for one-half hour. The acid when cold is
decanted and the residue washed with water to get rid of the resultant
salts. The material is then boiled in concentrated commercial nitric
acid for fifteen to thirty minutes and again washed. This suffices in

a Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 303-312. 1894.
MY)

7

999 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

many instances to destroy all organic matter and to prepare for the
further step of separating the diatoms from coarse sand, Radiolaria,
etc. Often, however, a third treatment is necessary, especially where
the percentage of organic matter is high and where clay is present.
The third boiling is in concentrated commercial sulphuric acid. As
much water as possible is extracted from the mass by careful decanta-
tion and removal of the last drops with a pipette. The acid is then
slowly added, the quantity being about ten times the volume of the
mass, and the whole is boiled in a porcelain evaporating dish over a
sand bath for one-half hour. At the expiration of this time powdered
potassium chlorate is slowly added to the boiling acid until the black
color gives place to a gray or yellow. Very thorough washing follows
this to remove the last trace of acids and salts. In those instances
where a fine siliceous flock is present, this can be removed by bringing
the washed residue to a boil in a solution of soap, made by adding
about 5 per cent of a saturated alcoholic soap solution to distilled
water. The soap water holds the flocculent matter in suspension and
allows its removal by decantation. As, however, very delicate forms
like Chaetoceros, Nitzschia, etc., are liable to be lost by this method,
it is to be used only where unavoidable.

The coarse sand, Radiolaria, and like impurities are now removed
by rotating the material in a glass evaporating dish. By quickly
revolving the lowest point of the dish in a small circle of, say, one-half
inch a peculiar motion is given to the contents, on account of which
the large sand and other coarse ingredients collect in a mound at the
center, while the diatoms are held in suspension. The liquid is quickly
poured off from the sand, the process being repeated until the sand
is found under the microscope to be free from diatoms. The cleaned
diatoms are then preserved in bottles in a 40 per cent solution of
alcohol with distilled water.

In the preparations accompanying this report the diatoms were
picked up separately with a mechanical finger from strewn masses of
the cleaned material and mounted singly in the proper medium, gen-
erally Canada balsam. They are attached to the cover glasses of the
preparations by a delicate film of acetic-acid gelatin, and so placed
as to occupy the center of a minute ring of india ink spun on the glass
slide. This mounting each specimen separately as a labeled prepara-
tion, although involving much labor, was the only satisfactory method
of rendering available for future examination the forms herein
described. Strewn slides of diatomaceous material containing cer-
tain species, like the H. L. Smith type slides and most of those of
Cleve and Moller, are valuable; but every student consulting these
for identification must have felt the great inconvenience and uncer-
tainty of hunting among a mass of mixed diatoms for a certain species,
the exact appearance of which is, under the circumstances, not

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 293

known. Only when each species is mounted by itself and in such a
position on the slide as to be instantly found under the microscope
can diatom preparations be considered worthy to be compared with
other scientific specimens of reference.

In addition to these preparations of single forms, representing each
species found, this report is accompanied by a series of group slides
of selected forms. [ach of these preparations has from 10 to 100
diatoms, arranged in rows on the cover glass or massed in the center
of the india ink ring. Their purpose is to afford a type gathering of
each of the more important diatomaceous dredgings and soundings
examined.

As has been remarked, a large number of the Albatross gatherings
were found to be destitute of diatoms. Naturally, these barren sam-
ples included most of those obtained at great depths, say 1,200 fath-
oms and upward. There are, however, many cases where deep
dredgings were particularly rich in diatoms, as, for example, station
3607, having a depth of 987 fathoms, and 3712H, at 1,744 fathoms.
It was also found that a considerable number of the gatherings made
in shallow water and at points where diatoms would naturally be
looked for contained no trace of them. It would certainly be a mis-
take to infer from the absence of diatoms in most of the deep-sea
gatherings and in many of those from shallower places or from the
sea surface that none were present at these points. In many
instances their absence is to be explained by the methods by which
these gatherings were made. It is evident that devices perfectly
adapted to securing larger forms of animal and vegetable life may
fail completely to retain any specimens of these very minute plants.
The modes of making the gatherings, the way they are brought aboard
the ship, and the process of assorting the contents would often elimi-
nate all traces of the diatoms, at least of ali forms that grow without
attachment to other bodies. Diatoms are to be found in richest
quantity in the upper and lighter layers of mud of the sea bottoms,
and those on the surface of the sea can be secured only when a special
appliance is attached to the tow nets. As a consequence, a large
majority of the gatherings now in the possession of the U.S.
National Museum. are destitute of diatoms, although many of them
were made at points where with different methods rich supplies could
have been secured. The cruise of the Albatross under Dr. Alexander
Agassiz, just completed, is reported, however, to have resulted in
obtaining an unusually rich supply of the diatoms.

I have tried to supply this deficiency of diatomaceous material in
some of the dredgings by examining the contents of the stomachs of
animals, chiefly holothurians, taken at these points. This is, how-
ever, a very partial and unsatisfactory substitute. The stomach con-
tents are generally rich in diatoms, so far as number of individuals

224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

is concerned; but as the diatoms would find their way into the stom-
achs of these animals only in connection with the grosser material
on which they feed, the forms thus secured would represent only
such as happened to be mixed with or attached to their food. <A
host of other forms, on or in the sea mud in that vicinity, would
therefore be missed entirely.

As our Government, so far as I can learn, has not, previously at
least to the last cruise just mentioned, made any special effort to
collect the diatoms, in connection with its general gathering of other
organic forms, I think it will be opportune to point out here the
great importance of this work being thoroughly carried on in the
future. The Diatomaceae are not only equally worthy of investiga-
tion with other forms of plant and animal life as inhabitants of the
ocean surfaces and beds, but they have a unique value, shared by
no other forms, for determining important questions regarding the
extent and direction of ocean currents and the origin of the materials
composing the sea bottoms. This comes from several peculiar cir-
cumstances affecting the diatoms: The first is the indestructibility of
their siliceous remains; whence it results that, unlike most aquatic
plants, they are not subject to decay, those which were formed cen-
turies ago being as well preserved as those of this year’s product.
This is also true of some other organisms, as the Radiolaria and the
siliceous parts of sponges. But, second, the diatoms differ from these
in being as a class of such extreme minuteness as to be readily trans-
ported by even quite slow ocean currents or surface drifts from their
places of origin to remote points and finally sifted down upon the sea
bottom. No other organism of permanent structure has any such
transportability. Both of the foregoing facts, however, would be of
little importance for the purposes mentioned were it not for the third
circumstance, that the Diatomaceae constitute an enormous group of
plants containing somewhat above 4,000 well-known species. Many
of these are exclusively fossil, and are therefore derivable only from
those localities on the land where the geological stratum in which
they occur crops out and is subject to ‘“‘weathering”’ and other
methods of detrition, resulting in carrying these forms into streams
and rivers and finally into the sea. Other forms, fresh water as well
as marine, are peculiar to certain localities; and, in point of latitude,
there is a tropical, a temperate, and a frigid flora among the diatoms
as well as among the phanerogams. So that when the siliceous re-
mains of these species are discovered on the sea bottom or in sur-
face gatherings there are trustworthy data available for determining
their place of origin and consequently the direction and extent of
the currents or drifts by which they were transported. A proper
tabulation of the species found at the different stations would be,
for these reasons, an exact means of tracing ocean currents, and in

ore os

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. DOA

many instances of determining the origin of the materials composing
the sea bottom in which they were found.

The investigations here reported are of value for the purposes just
mentioned mainly as a means of illustrating the necessity of wider
and more thorough work in this line. Nor can these valuable results
be secured unless methods particularly adapted to securing diatoms
are added to those commonly in vogue in sea dredgings and surface
gatherings. As both the expenditure of time and the expense inci-
dent to combining these researches with those already being carried
on would be insignificant compared with the results to be obtained,
it is reasonable to hope that the necessary measures will be taken.

In the body of this report there will be found many references to the
service the diatoms are capable of rendering in the determination of
sea currents and of the origin of sea bottoms. A few examples may
be cited here. Inthe United States cable survey from California to
the Hawaiian Islands and return,’ a long series of soundings from the
stations numbered 2655H to 3202H were found to be very rich in the
rather uncommon quadrate variety of biddulphia favus (Ehrenb.) Van
Heur. They constitute a practically unbroken series beginning
with station 2912H in latitude 155° 58’ 30” W., longitude 22° -18’ 00”
N., running westward to the Hawaian Islands and on the return
voyage eastward ending at about the starting point, namely at station
3018H in latitude 155° 57’ 30” W., longitude 21° 56’ 00” N. This
form, therefore, is as truly a local species at this part of the sea as any
phanerogam is of a terrestrial locality. And this is confirmed by one
of H. L. Smith’s type slides, No. 599, equally rich in this variety,
which he says came from the ‘*‘ Tuscarora soundings south of Sand-
wich Islands in 1,468 fathoms,’ a depth duplicated by several of the
soundings in the series just referred to. Similarly on the outward
voyage at station 2917H a sounding was made containing, in addition
to the quadrate Bb. favus already mentioned, a number of other
diatoms, as Coscinodiscus nodulifer Jan., Navicula aspera Ehrenb.,
Nawicula lyra Ehrenb., Navicula splendida Greg., Hemidiscus cunei-
formis Wallich; and on the return voyage at station 30131 these
same diatoms were found. The two stations differ in latitude only 6’
30” and in longitude only 5’ 30”. This locality is therefore character-
ized by the foregoing combination of species. Boyer? speaks of Pid-
dulphia robertsiana (Grev.) Boyer as quite rare and coming from
Pacific soundings 20° 10’ 00” N. and 158° 14’ 00” W., ete. I found it
in large quantities at 21° 21’ 00” N. and 157° 09’ 00” W., namely, at sta-
tion 2920H. So also Boyer discovered his Biddulphia keeleyi on the
coast of California; and it is abundant in the soundings of station

@Townsend, C. H. Dredgings and other records of the U.S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross, Rep. U. 8S. Comm. Fish. 1900: 387-562. 1901.
bProc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 707. 1901.

996 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

4505H made near the mouth of Aptos Creek in Monterey Bay, Cali-
fornia, in 10 fathoms. Biddulphia papillata (Gr. & St.) Mann, is not
infrequent at station 2920H that is, near the west coast of the
Hawaiian Islands. The original specimen was discovered in the fossil
deposit at Oamaru, New Zealand; but two subsequent finds of this
rare diatom, one by Grove and one mentioned by Schmidt, were made
inthe same vicinity as station 2920H. A solution of the question of
origin of these forms at this point of the sea bottom, to which they
were necessarily transported (the depth being 570 fathoms), would
doubtless be of interest.

Many species first found in Bering Sea and showing their origin in
their names, as Cocconeis arctica Cleve, have been rediscovered in
these investigations at the type localities. References to these coinci-
dences will be found in the text of this work under the several species.

Though not included in the work here reported, I wish to mention
another case recently brought to my notice which illustrates the value
of diatoms in determining locality on the sea bottom. In the cable
survey of the U.S. steamer Nero a series of soundings was made over
a long belt of sea bottom between the islands of Guam and Luzon
which I find are full of the gigantic Coscinodiscus rex Wallich, a diatom
by no means common, but found here in such enormous quantities
that the gatherings are often a pure siliceous mass of the remains of
this one species. This belt is over 3,000 miles long east and west and
of unascertained width, perhaps 20 miles or a little over. On the
return voyage, whenever the ship’s course entered this belt great
quantities of this diatom were again secured. Thus, for example, at
survey station 746, latitude 14° 24’ 00” N., longitude 135° 31’ 00” F.,
2,788 fathoms, the material is practically pure Coscinodiscus rex.
Unquestionably such enormous quantities of this single diatom must
have been transported to this belt of sea bottom by long-continued
and constant currents; and it would therefore be quite possible, by
the study of soundings and especially of surface gatherings made in
the future, to determine the origin of this vast supply and conse-
quently the trend and extent of the transporting current.

In connection with more thorough and extensive work upon the
diatoms for the purposes already mentioned, the Government would
be doing valuable service in adding to the supply of available and
trustworthy literature on the Diatomaceae. Probably no depart-
ment of botany is at the present time in such dire confusion and sup-
plied with such meager literature. Many of the authoritative works
on the subject were long since out of print, and are either not procur-
able at any price or so expensive as to make impossible the systematic
study of these plants by new investigators. A series of good works
easily procured would be a stimulus to further study. As in all

@Schmidt, Atlas pl. 167, 1891.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 297

special departments of science, the demand for such literature would
be limited. But where properly prepared it would be, unlike some
forms of scientific literature, permanently authoritative. Many
of the works referred to in this report date back to a period of fifty or
more years ago, yet remain to-day of the highest value; whereas
scientific investigations in other fields, prepared at that date with
equal care and skill, are to-day antiquated and worthless.

On account of this scattered and unsatisfactory character of the
literature upon this subject, there is some hesitation in publishing
the identifications that follow, and in one or two cases in naming
the new species here figured and described for the first time. Nearly
every work of any merit on this subject has been consulted for this
report (see appended list); but if, as is likely, errors have crept in,
their correction will be gratefully acknowledged by the writer.

In the following list of genera and species the authors quoted are
those who first formed and applied the names now given. But in
many instances subsequent investigators have so modified and recon-
structed the original conceptions as to entirely change their appli-
cation. There are a few instances in which the development of a
peculiar genus concept has been the gradual product of many inves-
tigators, who have more or less perfected the genus as it now stands.
It would be practically impossible to give credit to all these scien-
tists without going into the subject of nomenclature beyond the lim-
its of space justified in a descriptive report of this kind. In such
instances reference is therefore made to such works as contain an
accurate and thorough history of this development. Thus, for exam-
ple, the genus Coscinodiscus was formed by Ehrenberg in 1840, but
included many forms now classed elsewhere, while it excluded some
forms now recognized as members of this genus. Rabenhorst, Greg-
ory, Greville, W. Smith, Van Heurck, Grove, Grunow, Rattray, and
others have helped to modify and correct the original boundary of
Ehrenberg’s conception.

From some genera all the original species have been removed, the
name still being retained ‘“‘emended”’ for a group of diatoms wholly
different from that to which it was originally applied. This method
of work will hardly meet with the approval of present systematists.
A careful examination of the original publication and application of
all genera of Diatomaceae will be necessary before their classification
can be placed on an enduring basis.

A critical study by Mr. Ricker of the literature bearing upon
the types of over one hundred genera included in this report has
demonstrated the impracticability of extending this work to include
all the generic names here considered, as the time required would
seriously delay the publication of the report. The traditional appli-
cation of the generic names has therefore been followed in the

228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

majority of cases, the few changes made being on account of an
earlier known valid name or homonym. j

In synonymy, also, both as to genera and species, a strictly exhaust-
ive list has not here been attempted. There are instances where
the horde of synonyms would be so great as to become most mis-
leading unless accompanied by extensive explanations. Thus, this
same genus Coscinodiscus is wholly or partly synonymous with Sym-
bolophora Ehrenb., Endyctia Ehrenb., Odontodiscus Ehrenb., Hetero-
stephania Ehrenb., Cestodiscus Grev., Cosmiodiscus Grev., Stoschia
Jan., Janischia Grun., Micropodiscus Grun., Willemoesia Castr., Eth-
modiscus Castr., etc. To enter into a discussion of the intersecting
boundaries of all these untenable genera and discuss the reasons for
their abandonment would be quite foreign to the purpose of this
report. With species the synonyms are even more abundant. Thus,
for example, Actinocyclus ehrenbergii Ralfs has somewhat over 120
synonyms. Manifestly to give in full this and similar lists in a
work of this kind would be to obscure rather than to aid the pur-
pose here in hand, namely, a report of the Diatomaceae found by
the steamer Albatross. Therefore, as has been stated, a strictly
exhaustive list of synonyms has not always been attempted. In a
few instances where the number is abnormally large the writer has
omitted those which are so trivial and obscure as to give no promise
of being useful in the future study of these plants.

The generic and specific names assigned are given according to the
rules now generally prevailing in botanical nomenclature. This has
necessitated in some instances the substitution of obscure and inap-
propriate names for those universally known and recorded among
living diatomists. The writer feels it to be a grave misfortune, for
which some remedy should be found, that no alternative is provided
in these cases. At this time, when the much-needed systematizing
of our nomenclature is being attempted and drastic measures are being
taken to that end, it should be possible by the concurrence of liv-
ing diatomists (the number of whom is not great) to agree to the
preservation of a few classical names, and especially the names of
certain genera by making them exempt from these changes. This
would save the most valuable works of the science from being unin-
telligible to future students, and would in no wise interfere with the
application of strict rules to new cases in the future. The genera
and species needing this exception are so few as to make this sugges-
tion wholly practicable, and the writer. sincerely trusts that some
scheme will be devised to retain certain names universally known to

————- i” ° ~~

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. DID

the science which have been set aside in this work for the first time.
Thus would be preserved the old name Pleurosigma for Gyrosigma;
the old name Aulacodiscus for Tripodiscus; the old name Arach-
noidiscus for Hemiptychus; the old name Rhabdonema for Tessella.
It is little short of vandalism to call that universally known diatom
Pleurosigma angulatum by the hitherto unknown compound here
applied to it, Gyrosigma thuringicum.

The large number of citations to diatom literature in this report,
together with the many taxonomic questions involved, have de-
manded a most careful review of the manuscript. This has been
undertaken by Mr. P. L. Ricker, of the Department of Agriculture.
The task has been accomplished with such accuracy and thorough-
ness as to greatly increase the value of these portions of the report.
In expressing here my thanks to Mr. Ricker for his able cooperation
I wish at the same time to state that I hold myself alone responsible
for any errors in identification or any untenable positions in tax-
onomy that may here occur.

The long list of stations at which the material obtained has been
found to be destitute of diatoms is here omitted. The appended list
of stations will be found to give the exact location of each station by
latitude and longitude, the sea temperature at the surface and at the
bottom, the depth in fathoms, the character of the sea bottom, and
the general position along the coast. By referring in this table to
the stations mentioned under each species all the available data
regarding any diatom or any diatomaceous gathering can be secured
without the text being cumbered with repetitions. ‘There is also
added a full bibliography of works used in preparing this report.

The purposes of these investigations have been three:

First. That of contributing to the systematic study of this group of
plants.

Second. That of affording a collection of carefully identified speci-
mens of all species here enumerated, including the types of all new
species herein named, for the use of future investigators. This has
been placed at their disposal in the United States National Museum.

Third. That of calling attention to the value of further investiga-
tions in this field for the purposes previously discussed—namely, for
throwing valuable light upon certain meteorological and geological

problems connected with marine investigations.
ALBERT MANN.
U.S. Nationa Museum,

Washington, D. C., March, 1906.

230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

The following key to the genera included in this report is offered
merely as an aid in identifying these genera. From a phylogenetic
standpoint its value is probably small. The arrangement is practi-
cally that of F. Schutt in Engler & Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien,* the
changes being mainly the restoration of the earlier names of some of
the genera in the place of these given by Schutt. Some slight rear-
rangement has been found necessary, for reasons explained in the
text, as the placing of Vanheurckia, Reicheltia, and other genera
under Frustulia, and the closer union of Actinocyclus with Coscino-
discus. Minor changes in the wording were also required in a few
places. This general arrangement of Schutt appears more workable
than that of H. L. Smith,’ on which it is partly based. They both
avoid the fatal difficulty of the classification of Pfitzer,° worked out
on the basis of chromatophores, etc., of the living cell. Although
Pfitzer’s arrangement is of great biological value, its distinctions are
so uncertain of application to the diatoms as a class, the great majority
of which are known only in a fossil state, that it can never come into
general use from a taxonomic standpoint.

No attempt is made here to carry the classification down into the
separate species of the different genera. Despite the great industry
and ability in making keys to the species based on verbal distinctions
exhibited in the monographs of Cleve, Rattray, and other diatomists,
the writer must confess to his inability to use these with any feeling of
security. Verbal descriptions are very valuable, but without accom-
panying illustrations they are rarely conclusive. The differences
between species being based on the varied and often immensely com-
plicated sculpturing of the valves, it is almost impossible to describe
these differences clearly and at the same time tersely enough to serve
the purpose of analysis. A good photograph or drawing of a diatom
will always be of more value for identification than any amount of
word painting. As it is not practicable to accompany this report
with figures of all the species here enumerated, copious references are
given to works in which satisfactory illustrations are to be found.

SYNOPTICAL KEY.

Subfamily I. CENTRICAE. Valve centrally built; that is, arranged in relation to
a central point or focus rather than in relation to a median line; outline circular,
oval, or elliptical, sometimes polygonal, rarely crescent-shaped or spindle-shaped;
neither a raphe, cryptoraphe, nor pseudoraphe present; valve-markings either
concentric, radial, decussating, or irregular, never pinnate; processes (horns,
spines, etc.) common.

4 Pflanzenfamilien, A. Engler & K. Prantl, Theil I, Abteilung 16. Leipzig, 1896.
bConspectus Diatomaceae, H. L. Smith, The Lens 1; 1-19, 72-93, 154-157. 1872.
¢ Hanst. Bot. Abhand, 8: 1871.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. ~ 231

A. Valve circular, its surface flat or convex, sometimes hemispherical; zonal
diameter generally shorter than valval (except in a few species of Melosira
and Stephanopyxis); spines frequent; horns, when present, small. (D1s-
COIDEAE.)

a. Valves circular; not divided into definite sectors by ridges or partitions,
though sometimes having radial lines of interrupted dashes. (Coscrtno-
DISCEAE. )

a. Frustules usually united into chains; each frustule in zonal view
short-cylindrical, spherical, or nearly lenticular; zone sculptured.
(MELOSIRINAE. )

Chains usually of many frustules; marking of valve either uni-
form and delicate or with a hyaline or rugose central area
surrounded by a strongly sculptured band; no true central
MN rn 8 CO al ee aie Bid oatn = o Melosira (p. 236).

Chains usually short, of not more than 2 to 4 frustules; valve
never having a strongly sculptured external part or band; a
distinct central umbilicus, granular, usually contrasting
strongly with the rest of the valve and separated from it by
an evident wavy ridge or line; diameter of the umbilicus
varying from one-half that of the valve to very minute, in
extreme cases disappearing; marking of the rest of the valve
delicate, radially arranged, generally of the watch-case mill-
ing pattern; sometimes divided into obscure sectors by radial
co si UE i ee he a ee ern Podosira (p. 240).

Chains of many or few frustules united to each other by spines;
zonal diameter of each frustule equaling or much exceeding
the valval; no central umbilicus or hyaline area; valve hav-
ing generally one or more circles of strong marginal or sub-

} marginal spines, (rarely near the center or scattered,) uniting
, the frustules into a chain...........- Stephano pyzxis (p. 243).
| 6. Frustules solitary; zone narrow, hyaline, or in rare cases obscurely
dotted; valve circular, suriace slightly convex, rarely strongly
convex, sometimes approaching flat or barely concave.

(COSCINODISCIN AE. )
Valve uniformly marked, with a hexagonal network or with
beading arranged in radial, concentric, or decussating order;
no central area sharply separated from the outer portion and
strikingly contrasted with it by difference in character or

coarseness of marking; marginal spines wanting or minute.

Valve without pseudonodule near or at the margin.
Coscinodiscus (p. 246).
Valve with a pseudonodule near or at the margin.

Actinocyclus (p. 260).
Valve with two strongly contrasted areas of different markings;
a large clearly separated, slightly depressed central area
marked with network or beading, and a broad encircling area
or band marked with network of different sized mesh from
that of the central area; margin of valve massive; no marginal
ae Oe eae Cras pedodiscus (p. 264).
Valve with two strongly contrasted areas; a central area hyaline
or lightly marked with radiating dotted lines, and a broad or
narrow encircling area or band strongly marked with radial
costea or lines of beading and usually bearing a row of submar-
ginal spines; a portion of the central area is concentrically or
excentrically elevated, so that the valve profile, as seen in
zonal view, appears undulate............. Cyclotella (p. 265).

81713—VoL 10, pt 5—O7 2

232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

b. Valve circular, divided into complete or incomplete sectors by radiating
ridges or wide hyaline limbs; no horns or prominent spines. (AcTINO-
DISCEAE.)

a. Valve partly or fully divided into sectors by radiating ridges running
from the margin toward or to the center; marking strong; margin
massively sculptured; no process at the marginal end of the
dividing ridges; sectors allon one plane. (ST1cTOpISCINAE.)

Valve surface flat or nearly so; radial ridges many, the main
ones reaching the generally rosetted center; more or less
united to each other by concentric cross lines, thereby giving
a spider-web sculpturing to the valve; outline of valve
uniformly cirewlarsc.igee 2h .ca. So Eas os Hemiptychus (p. 266).

Valve surface often elevated at the center, one valve of the frus-
tule more so than the other; radial ridges generally few, rarely
reaching the center, which is without a rosette; no definite
concentric lines forming a spider-web pattern, though a shad-
owy reticulation is sometimes present. Outline of valve
sometimes polygonal.................... Stictodiscus (p. 267).

b. Valve divided into sharply distinct sectors by radial ridges uni-
formly running from the margin to the hyaline central area; small
but evident spines usually at the marginal ends of these dividing
ridges; alternate sectors generally depressed; that is, sectors in
two planes (ACTINOPTYCHINAE)........-.-- Actinoptychus (p. 269).

c. Valve sharply divided into sectors by broad hyaline bars or limbs
running from a hyaline center toward or to the margin, their outer
ends marked with a minute wart or spine; the hyaline center
divided into more or less wedge-shaped divisions confluent with
the limbs; spaces between the radiating limbs marked with fine
but closely set beading, arranged in radial or decussating order.
(ASTEROLAMPRINAE.)

Radiating limbs all of the same width and generally tapering to
the margin; central area either reticulated or divided by
straight lines into the same number of parts as the limbs.

Asterolampra (p. 272).

One of the radiating limbs narrower than the others; limbs not
tapering to the margin; central area never reticulated; une-
qually divided into the same number of parts as the limbs by
SAT aS EEOC os oa ed ea ae Asteromphalus (p. 273).

ce. Valve circular; surface imperfectly divided into sectors by alternate undu
lating elevations and depressions, which are highest and lowest at the
margin and decrease or disappear toward the center; each elevation
bearing at its highest point a blunt nipple-like horn, pointing radially
outward and upward. (TRIPODISCEAE)...........- Tripodiscus (p. 277).

d. Valve circular or round elliptical; surface marked with two (rarely more or
only one) large opposite submarginal ocellae or ringed eyes, slightly or
considerably elevated above the plane of the valve; valve markings of
beading, lines, or both, arranged symmetrically with reference to the
orellee. (AULBIOBAS) «:ccswinesstcs cee Bee Auliscus (p. 281).

B. Valve oval or circular; frustuie long-cylindrical, the zonal diameter much ex-
ceeding the valval; zone made up of a series of rings or imbricated bands,
without internal septa; frustules united into chains by their valves. (SoLEN-

OIDEAE.)

Valve in the form of a tall, tapering cone, its apex excentrically placed
and tipped with a stout, sometimes very long, hollow bristle or spine.

Rhizosolenia (p. 283).

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 933

C. Frustule a box, with zonal diameter generally shorter, sometimes slightly
longer, than the valval diameter; valve generally oval, sometimes poly-
gonal, circular or semicircular; unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar, each pole
represented by an angle or (in Chaetoceros) by a horn or spine or by both
angles and horns. (BrpDULPHIOIDEAE. )

a. Horns much longer than the frustule, not tipped with a claw; frustules
in chains; valve circular oroval. (CHAETOCEREAE).Chaetoceros (p. 285).
b. Horns generally shorter than the frustule; when longer, only slightly so and
then tipped with a claw. (BIDDULPHIEAE.)
a. Valve tripolar to multipolar; angles not bearing dome-like protrusions
or horns; not tipped with a claw. (TRIGONIINAE.)
Valve strong; marking distinct; no central erect spine.
Trigonium (p. 289).
Valve delicate; marking delicate; a central erect spine.
Ditylum (p. 296).
b. Valve generally bipolar, sometimes tripolar to multipolar; each angle
bearing a dome-like protrusion ora horn; not tipped with a claw.
iteteet 8CAL Ls 2 ge Be be ae hei) is 2 - Biddul phia (p. 298).
c. Valve unipolar, oval; frustule having zonal diameter longer than valval;
valve massively sculptured, unsymmetrically elevated. (Isthmiinae. )
>: Isthmia (p. 311).
d. Valve bipolar, tripolar, or quadripolar, each angle having along vertical
horn tipped witha claw; or in the bipolar form either as described or
having the angles of only one valve turned vertically upward into
short-pointed ends without claws. (HEMIAULINAE.)
Frustule in zonal view not concavo-convex, but having two similar
valves; valve bipolar, tripolar, or quadripolar, each angle having
along vertical horn tipped witha claw....-. Hemiaulus (p. 312).
Frustule in zonal view strongly concavo-convex; the apices of the
concave valve being sharply turned up into a short point destitute
of aclaw; center of this concave valve raised intoa strong dome,
lacking on the convex valve; in valval view the dome is seen to
be imperceptibly merged into the rest of the valve, not separated
from it by a strong rectangular ridge.......... Plovaria (p. 313).
c. Horns rudimentary, reduced to low domes, or wanting; frustule in zonal
view having a rectilinear outline; internal septa massive, with enlarged
ends. (ANAULEAE.)
Internal septa straight, except at the tip, which is sharply bent toward
the center of the frustule and enlarged into a bulbous end, so that each
septum resembles a music note...........------ Ter psinoe (p. 314).
Internal septa not straight, beginning as transverse septa on the valves
near their extremities, proceeding vertically downward parallel to the
zonal axis, then twice bent and extending parallel to the longitudinal
axis to near the center of the frustule, similar to the internal septa in
Grammatophora, the ends straight and moderately enlarged.
Porpeia (p. 315).
d. Horns wanting; valve without internal septa, semicircular, broader than
long; frustule in zonal view cuneate. (HEMIpIScEAE). Hemidiscus (p. 316).
D. Valve narrow or broad spindle-shaped; ends elevated or knobbed; marking gen-
erally radial; center of valve usually bearing a massive process, shaped like the
Greek epsilon and interlocking with the process of the next valve, thereby
uniting the frustules into chains. (RUTILARIOIDEAE)..... Rutilaria (p. 317).

934 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Subfamily Il. PENNATAE. Valve not centrally built; that is, not arranged in
relation toa central point or focus, but rather to a median line; outline gener-
ally boat-shaped or rod-shaped, sometimes oval, cuneate, crescent-shaped,
or sigmoid; markings generally pinnate or transverse (imperfectly radiate in
some species of Campylodiscus); true raphe, or hyaline median line (pseud-
oraphe), or raphe obscured by lateral wings or keel (cryptoraphe) always
present; processes (horns, spines, etc.) uncommon,

A. No true raphe; a hyaline median line (pseudoraphe) present, rarely obscure.

( FRAGILARIOIDEAE. )

a. Frustules united to forma ribbon or zigzag chain; outline in zonal view
rectilinear; zone generally composed of separate bands; valve long-oval
or lanceolate. (‘TABELLARIEAE. )

a. Frustule in zonal view unbent; valves not concave and convex.
(TABELLARIINAE. )
Valve transversely partitioned by internal vertical septa; that is,
perpendicular to zone in zonal view........ Denticula (p. 318).
Valve not transversely partitioned (may be transversely undulate,
species of Grammatophora); internal septa parallel to zone in
zonal view.
Internal septa massive, generally undulate, approaching from
either end of the frustule toward but not to the center, leaving
a nonseptate central space which appears in valval view as a
central oval in each valve; zone hyaline or longitudinally
Golted +6: 62 255) osshc bees Grammatophora (p. 319)
Internal septa delicate, discontinuous, not undulate, inter-
rupted at three or more places, the nonseptate spaces appear-
ing in valval view as so many ovals along the valve; zone or
zonal bands transversely marked.......... Tessella (p. 321).
b. Frustule in zonal view bent; one valve concave, the other convex.
(EENTOPYLINAE. )
Valve transversely ribbed, the ribs on one side of the median line
alternating with those on the other side, the median line therefore
zigzag; internal septa on each side of the valve pierced with oval
openings set in a straight row parallel to and near margins of the
valve: n: 5. VTE On Ae a Entopyla (p. 323).
Valve transversely ribbed, the ribs on one side of the median line
continuous with those on the other side, the median line therefore
straight; internal septa on each side of the valve pierced with —
oval openings set in a zigzag row parallel to but distant from the
margins of the: Valves): ssidas Seems Gephyria (p. 324).

b. Frustule solitary, or united into afan or forming aspiral band; not forming a
ribbon or zigzag chain; outline in zonal view rod-shaped or wedge-
shaped; valve club-shaped. (MERIDIONEAE.)

Zone composed of separate bands; internal septa pierced by a row of
large oval openings which in valval view give a stepladder appearance
to the club-shaped valve..................- Climacos phenia (p. 325).

c. Frustules united to form a ribbon or zigzag chain; zone not composed of
separate bands. (FRAGILARIEAE.)

a. Valve with transverse septa. (D1aToMINAE)...Plagiogramma(p. 325).
b. Valve without transverse septa. (I*RAGILARIINAE).
Dimeregramma (p. 327).

B. Frustule having one valve with true raphe, the other with distinct or obscure

hyaline median line (pseudoraphe). (ACHNANTHOIDEAE.)

a. Frustule in zonal view bent, one valve concave, the other convex; outline
of valve long-oval or boat-shaped. (ACHNANTHEAE). Achnanthes (p. 327).

b. Frustule in zonal view straight; outline of valve broad-oval or nearly round.
(Cocedneidene).. .... ... svc dan nwe cn ockee week e Cocconeis (p. 328).

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 235

©. True raphe generally evident; valve generally not keeled; if keeled, the raphe
coincident with keel (Nitzschia). (NAVICULOIDEAE. )
a. Valve with evident raphe; keel generally absent, or when present, without
beading; markings generally pinnate. (NAVICULEAE. )
a. Frustule not wedge-shaped in either zonal or valval view; valvestraight
or sigmoid; never crescent-shaped. (NAVICULINAE. )
Frustule without internal compartments along the margins of the
valves.
Valve without keel. (NAvICULIDAE.)
Raphe straight or barely undulate, its tips turned toward
the same side of the valve; outline of valve boat-shaped.
(NAVICULAE. )
Halves of the raphe not surrounded by an elevated
parallel ridge; both ends of each half terminating in
a rounded or elongated bead; central and terminal
nodules of valve round or broadened transversely.
Navicula (p. 333).
Halves of raphe surrounded by an elevated parallel
ridge, the ends not terminating in beads, or rarely the
‘ outer end of each balf terminating in a round bead;
central nodule greatly narrowed laterally and pro-
longed longitudinally, thereby separating the two
halves of the raphe by a ridged space of from one-
sixth to fully two-thirds the length of the valve.
Frustulia (p. 359).
Raphe strongly curved into an S, rarely into a C; sides of
valve usually corresponding to the same curve; marking
uniform over entire valve, of fine, closely set lines,
arranged either in two series, one transverse and one lon-
gitudinal, or in three series, one transverse and the other
two at angles of 60° to each other; tips of the raphe
turned to opposite sides of the valve. (GyYROSIGMAE. )
Gyrosigma (p. 362).
Valve with keel. (AMPHIPRORIDAE. )
Raphe straight, not median.....-...-. Plagiotro pis (p. 367).
Raphe sigmoid, median..............-. Am phiprora (p. 368).
Frustule with internal compartments along the margin of the valve.
Characters, except the lateral compartments, the same as in

Naviculae. (MASTOGLOIAE) ...........-- 1 Mastogloia (p. 368).
b. Frustule wedge-shaped in both the zonal and valval view; valve
straight. (GOMPHONEMINAE).....-...---.--- Gomphonema (p. 370).

c. Frustule wedge-shaped, as to its transverse axis, that is, the two
valves approaching nearer on one side than on the other; valve
more or less crescent-shaped. (COCCONEMINAE. )

Valve without transverse ribs; raphe evident.
Valve not strongly asymmetrical; the raphe nearer the median
line than the concave side of the valve; zone narrow, hya-
A Ce are ae Ries See Cocconema (p. 371).
Valve strongly asymmetrical, the raphe much nearer the con-
cave side of the valve than the median line; zone wide, com-
posed of several bands, beaded... .......... Amphora (p. 373).
Valve with transverse ribs; raphe obscure or represented by a form

of pseudoraphe consisting of a continuous bow-shaped ridge.

Cysto pleura (p. 377).

236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

b. Valve apparently without raphe, this being obscured by the beaded,
marginal keel; markings always transverse. (NITZSCHIEAE).
Nitzschia (p. 378).
D. Raphe hidden in lateral winged keel. (SuRtRELLOIDEAE.)
a. Valve surface undulated in a series of transverse depressions and eleva-

tiONS. 2.1. > vc in cnundethec keane tena ee nen S phinctocystis (p. 382).
b. Valve surface not undulated in a series of transverse depressions and eleva-
tions.

a. Valve outline elliptical, ovoid or rarely long-lanceolate; marked with
transverse ribs not quite extending to the center, thus leaving a
hyaline median line; valve surface nearly flat, rarely spirally
twisted; keel winged... .oao.s.e0e been cn obcaeee Surirella (p. 383).

b. Valve outline nearly circular; ribs or other markings radial; valve
surface saddle-shaped, rarely almost flat; keel not winged.

Cam pylodiscus (p. 386).
MELOSIRA C. Ag.

Metosira C. Ag. Syst. Alg. 8-9. 1824. Kiitz. Bacill. 48, 52. 1844; Sp. Alg. 30. 1849;
Linnaea 8: 70.1833. Ralfs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 346. pl. 9.1843. Thwaites,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 1: 167. 1848, in part. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 3:
54. 1856. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 815. pl. 5. f. 62-65, 71. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur.
Alg. 1: 7, 37. f. 8. 1864. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 494. pl. 17. f. 5-6, 15.
1883. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 92. pl. 21. f. 1-2. 1886. Van Heur. Synop.
197. pl. 85-91. 1881; Treat. Diat. 438. f. 165-168, pl. 18. f. 608-613, pl. 19. f.
614-624. 1896. Brun, Diat. Alp. 134. pl. 1. f. 1-5, 9. 1880.

Faillonella Bory, Dict. Hist. Nat. 7: 101. 1825, not Bory. 1823. ,

Gallionella Ehrenb. Infus. 166. 1838. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1331. 1894.

Lysigonium Link; Nees, Hor. Phys. Berol. 4. 1820? O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish
Acad. II. 2: 248. pl. 26. f. 4. 1875. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1328. 1894.

Orthoseira Thwaites, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Il. 1: 167. 1848, in part. W. Smith,
Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 59. 1856.

Aulacoseira Thwaites, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. I1. 1: 167. 1848, in part.

Paralia Heib. Krit. Overs. Danske Diat. 33. 1863, in part. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
1349. 1894. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 93. 1884. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 1": 7. 1873.

Two generic names antedate Agardh’s Melosira. The first is Lysigonium Link.
It seems that his type species was one of the then indefinitely fixed algae called
Conferva moniliformis, but was probably not a diatom. At least Ehrenberg so con-
tends.¢ Link himself, according to Ehrenberg, abandoned the name in 1824. If
it can be unmistakably proved to have been applied to a diatom of this character,
Link’s name must replace that of Agardh. The second name is Gallionella (Gaillo-
nella), given by Bory St. Vincent in 1823, but without definite outline or the
enumeration of any species. Two years later, 1825, in the same work Bory does
describe two species, G. nummuloides and G. moniliformis. But in the preceding year,
1824, Agardh gave the generic name Melosira to these diatoms and described five
species. This name is therefore valid, unless, as above stated, Link’s Lysigonium
can be clearly identified with this genus. The genus has been variously divided by
different authors. The most important attempt at division, a thing desirable in
itself on account of the large number of species in the genus, was carried out by W.
Smith,’ based on the analysis of Thwaites.¢ Smith accepts the division of this

4 Khrenb. Infus. 166. 1838.
6W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 54. 1856.
¢ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 1: 167. 1848.

|
|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. yEY|

genus into two, viz: Melosira (Ag.) Thwaites and Orthosira Thwaites, rejecting,
however, Thwaites’s third genus Aulacoseira. Smith defines the two as follows:
Melosira, ‘‘ Filaments cylindrical, of numerous frustules, attached or free; frustules
spherical or subcylindrical, more or less convex at the junction surfaces,’ Orthosira,
‘‘FWilaments cylindrical, of numerous frustules, continuous, attached or free; frustules
and valves cylindrical; junction surfaces plain, line of junction usually spinous or
denticulated.’’ Schmidt, in his Atlas, and a few other authors have adopted this
division, but as a general rule the distinctions are felt to be too unimportant and
inconstant to warrant the change. Many authors, as Van Heurck, while rejecting
Smith’s division, have made use of these minor differences within the genus for
subgeneric classification. The untenable proposal of Ht. lL. Smith to unite this genus
with Podosira and Hyalodiscus will be discussed under the name Podosira in this
report.

Melosira ? coronaria Mann, sp. nov. PuatE LI, ricureEs 1, 2.

Valves consisting of two portions: First, a broad border curving downward, its
outer half closely punctate with shining granules and its inner half marked with
fine radiating lines closely set, the line of division between the punctate and striate
halves being a wavy one; second, a central area raised above the border by a
cylindrical hoop, seen in the zonal view, this central area being flat and perfectly
hyaline. In the zonal view of the valve is seen, rising above the curved border, the
before-mentioned hoop or band, the lower two-thirds of which is cylindrical and
terminates in a row of small but stout tubular processes equidistant and having blunt
ends, extending obliquely outward and upward, their bases surrounded by a fringe
of irregular spines. Between each pair of these processes are one to three smaller
ones. The upper one-third of the hoop or band, that is, between the ring of processes
and the flat hyaline top, isa flaring ornamented rim. The cylindrical lower two-
thirds of the hoop or band is covered with minute beading, arranged in regular
3-line order; the upper flaring one-third of the hoop or band is covered with fine
vertical lines forming a leaf-like sculpture by each of four or five bending together at
the top.

Diameter of valve, 0.83 mm.; height of valve (zonal view), 0.25 mm.

This diatom is certainly generically the same as Porodiscus (Pyrgodiscus ?) calcy-
flos Temp. & Brun,@ which is the same as Porodiscus interruptus Gr. & St.,o this in
turn being the same as Porodiscus hirsutus Gr. & St.,¢ Grove and Sturt’s specimens
being the inner area of Tempére & Brun’s. It is even closer to what Schmidt
calls P. calcyflos Temp. & Br.¢ which is misnamed, as his figures 10, 11 of the same
plate, called P. hirsutus Gr. & St. are Tempére & Brun’s type. If, therefore, my
specimens are to follow the generic assignment of these very similar forms, they would
bear the name Porodiscus coronarius Mann. But I am convinced that this generic
name is utterly inapplicable to all these forms. They have nothing in common with
Greville’s genus except the central pore-like area.eé As even this disappears in the
figures of P. calcyflos,/ and in my own specimens, this character, totally inadequate
in itself, is eliminated and there does:not remain any semblance to the Porodiscus
type. Neither can they be included in Pyrgodiscus Kitt.¢ Tempére & Brun suggest
this idea by bracketing Pyrgodiscus with their name. But Kitton’s genus, with its
central tower-like elevation (whence the name) bearing four enormous spines with

4Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°: 50. pl. 4. f. 11, 11a. 1889.

6 Journ. Quek. Micr. Club, II. 3: 67. pl. 5. f. 8. 1887.

¢Op. cit. 143. pl. 14. f. 54.

@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 158. f. 8,9. 1890.

eCf. Porodiscus Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 63. pl. 4. f. 1-5. 1863.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 158. f. 9. 1890.

9 Journ. Quek. Mier. Club IT. 2: 173. pl. 13. f. 13 a-e. 1885.

238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

four more a little lower and alternating, and a ring of smaller but stout spines around
the basal rim, has a massive and unique aspect to which there is no analogy in the
forms here under consideration. A very much closer affinity is found in Melosira.
Many members of this genus have a level central area elevated above the rim by a
cylindrical or conical hoop or band. In fact this might almost be said to be charac-
teristic of the genus. For example, see M. saturnalia Brun,“ where eyen the flaring
upper rim of the band or hoop, described above, is perfectly paralleled; also M. ferox
Schmidt, where the ring of zonal processes is also paralleled. If we also remember,
we have here to do with small diatoms, P. caleyflos being 0.06 to 0.075 mm. and M.
coronaria 0.83 mm. in diameter, we shall see we are well within the average size of
Melosira. It will perhaps be eventually preferable to construct a new genus for these
allied forms, especially if other species are found which retain the essential charac-
teristics of those already known; and this would have the advantage of simplifying
somewhat the complex group of forms now included in Melosira. Careful attention
to the description and the figures of M. coronaria, especially to the zonal view, will
show that it is clearly distinct from the Oamaru or Japan specimens.

Type inthe U.S. National Museum, No. 590116, from station 2807, Galapagos Islands,
April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud.

Melosira febigerii (Grun.) Mann.
Podosira febigerti Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 119. 1880.
Van Heur. Synop. pl. 84. f. 22-24. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1362. 1894.

I see no reason for including this form, nor the others so named in the above plate of
Van Heurck, in the genus Podosira. If that genus is to be defined as it generally is
(for full details of which see under Podosira in this report), and if Melosiraand Podosira
are to retain any valid marks of distinction, such forms as the above can not be sep-
arated from Melosira. In order to avoid repetition in this report, the position of the
author in this matter must be considered in connection with his remarks under the
genus Podosira.

As both Grunow and De Toni observe in the above citations, there is some resem-
blance between this species and the more robust and coarsely marked P. hormoides

(Mont.) Kiitz.,¢ a species, by the way, that Montagne rightly renamed Melosira hor- —

moides.d
Found at station 3607, Bering Sea.

Melosira medusa Mann, sp. nov. PLATE L, FIGURE 3.

Valve with border and central area; the latter about four-fifths the diameter of the
valve, has in its center a low, rugose, broad knob or boll, the rest of the area being
thinly spotted with irregular flecks. The border, one-fifth the radius in width, begins
internally in a row of small, granular, wedge-shaped markings, from the points of which
proceed fine wavy lines to the margin. A circle separates this granulated part of the
border from the outer portion. The latter, three-fourths the width of the entire border,
is delicately marked with transverse lines proceeding from the points of the granular
wedges, as above stated, and with finer lines interspersed between them. The lines
sometimes anastomose.

Diameter of valve, 0.078 mm.

An unnamed figure of Schmidt’s¢ has some resemblance to this species, though it
seems entirely to lack the peculiar circle of small beaded triangles within the striated
border. Schmidt there says, ‘‘ Nach Grove vielleicht eine innere Schale von Stepha-
nopyxis, vielleicht zu einem andern Genus zu ziehen.’’ Neither of these suggestions

a4 Schmidt, Atlas pl. 180. f. 24-25. 1892.

bOp. cit. pl. 180. f. 23.

¢ Kiitz. Bacill. 52. pl. 29. f. 84. 1844.

d Mont. in d’Orbig. Voy. Amer. Merid. 7: 2. 1839.
eSchmidt, Atlas pl. 202. f. 6. 1896.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 239
seems to me good. This figure of Schmidt’s is practically identical with an earlier
one @ there marked “‘fraglich.’? There is also some resemblance, especially in the
striation of the border, to Melosira imperfecta Herib.6 The above name refers to the
resemblance of this species to some of the disciform Medusae.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590117, from station 3346, off Washington,
September 22, 1890; 786 fathoms, bottom of green mud.

Melosira (sulcata’ var.) scopos Mann, sp. nov. PLATE L, FIGURE 4.

Valve circular, convex; the center marked with a beaded circle one-fifth the valve’s
diameter, the beads set wide apart in regular quadrate order; surrounding this a rugose
ring extending to one-fifth the radius from the border and separated from this by a
narrow hyaline band; border narrow, massive, ornamented with a double row of alter-
nating beads; diameter of valve, 0.07 mm.

The form most nearly resembling this species is an unnamed figure of Schmidt's, ‘
which, with the above, might be classed as very wide varieties of Melosira su/cata
(Ehrenb.) Kiitz. But such an identification would be altogether unsatisfactory. My
species also shows a slight likeness to Cyclotella wmbilicata (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, as figured
(Discoplea umbilicata Ehrenb.) by Ehrenberg; @ but, as Ralfs says,¢ though repre-
sented in Ehrenberg’s figure with a punctate center that diatom has a smooth central
umbo, and it is so described by Ehrenberg. / Ehrenberg’s species is probably identical
with Melosira westii W. Smith. 9

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590118, from station 3712H, Okhotsk Sea,
September 4, 1896; 1,744 fathoms, bottom of green sand and fine mud.

Melosira sol (Ehrenb.) Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 31. 1849. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 819. 1861.
Van Heur. Synop. pl. 91. f. 7-9. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 179. f. 21.1892. De

. Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1341. 1894. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 58. f. 1-2. 1890. Truan &
| Witt, Diat. Hayti, 17. pl. 4. f. 18. 1888. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 93. pl.
. - 10. f.3, pl. 17.f. 8, pl. 21.f. 7. 1886.
| Gallionella sol Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 202. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 35.
| XXII. f. 12. 1854.
| Gallionella oculus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 202. 1845.
Melosira oculus Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 31. 1849. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 819. 1861.
Cyclotella radiata Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 96. pl. 6. f. 11. 1860.
Melosira radiata Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 27. 1870.
Melosvra (sol var.’?) polaris Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 95. pl. 5. f. 33. 1884.
Found at station 2844, off Alaska.

Melosira sulcata (Ehrenb.) Kiitz. Bacill. 55. pl. 2. f. 7.1844. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1:
42.1864. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 177. f. 22-39. 1892. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 58. f. 13-
14. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti, 17. pl. 4. f. 19. 20. 1888. Van Heur. Synop. pl.
91. f. 16-18. 22-24. 1881. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 819. pi. 9. f. 131, pl. 11. f. 26.
Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 10. pl. 74. f. 22. 1862. H. L. Smith,
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 233. 1874.

Gallionella sulcata Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1837: 61. 1838; Infus. 170. pl. 27.
f. 5. 1838; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 171. pl. 3. f. 5a-e. 1841; 1841:
437. pl. 1. I. f. 17. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 1a-c, pl. 20. I. f. 27, pl. 25. A. X VI.
f. 11-12. 1854.

4Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 176. f. 23. 1892.

6b Herib. Diat. Auverg. 32 pl. 10. f. 31. 1893.
eSchmidt, Atlas pl. 176. f. 21. 1892.
@Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 35B. /. 9. 1854.

é Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 811. 1861.

/ Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 239. 1855.
9 W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 59. pl. 52. f. 33. 1856.

240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Orthosira marina W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 59. pl. 53. f. 388. 1856. Lewis,
Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 71. 1862.

Melosira marina Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl.-Cult. 18622: 11. pl. 1. A. f. 3-4.
1862.

Paralia marina Heib. Krit. Overs, Danske Diat. 33. 1863.

Paralia sulcata Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1": 7.1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 1349. 1894.. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 175. f. 6-14,pl. 176. f. 11-20, 22, 24-26, 28-29,
32-37, 44-46. 1892. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 80. pl. 18. f. 295, 297. 1886.
Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48*; 93. pl. 5. f. 34 (?), 35-86. 1884.

Orthosira sulcata O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. IT. a: 252. 1875.

Found at stations 2823, 3694H, Gulf of California and Okhotsk Sea.

Melosira undulata (hrenb.) Kiitz. Bacill. 54. pl. 2.f.9. 1844. Van Heur. Synop. pl.
90. f. 5-6, 8-9. 1881. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 819. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 1339. 1894. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 180. f. 1-21. age Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 172.
J. 4-5. 1890. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 3. f. 44, pl. 9. f. 146, 149. 1893.
Gallionella undulata Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 17. 1841; Mikrog. pl. 72,
f. 9a (pl. 15A. f. 8a-d?). 1854.
Melosira punctigera Ralis; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 819. 1861.
Gallionella punctigera Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1842: 339. 1843; Mikrog.
pl. 12. f. 9b, pl. 15B. f. 5. 1854.
Melosira (undulata var.?) normanii Arnott; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 90. f. 7. 1881.
Melosira gowenii Schmidt, Atlas pl. 176. f. 4-6 (name in pl. 177, footnote; see also
pl. 180. f. 21, remark). 1892.
As De Toni indicates, it is questionable about including here Gallionella punetata
Ehrenb.¢
Found at stations 2680H and 2866, off central California and British Columbia.

PODOSIRA Ehrenb.

Podosira Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 161. 1841; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wi iss.
serl. 1839: 158. 1841. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 7, 37. f. 9. 1864. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 817. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1360. 1894. Van. Heur. Treat.
Diat. 447. 1896. Kiitz. Bacill. 52. 1844. Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?:
115. 1880. Petit, Fonds de la Mer 8: 172. 1877 (sub Hyalodiseus). Castr.
Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 109. 1886. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 52. 1856.

Cyclotella Kitz. Bacill. 50. pl. 1. f. IT, IIT. 1844, in part.

Hyalodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 78. 1846. Van Heur. Synop.
213. 1881; Treat. Diat. 448. f. 173. 1896. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 814. 1861.
Petit, Fonds de la Mer 8: 172. 1877. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.
172: 116. 1880. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 139. 1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg.

2: 1365. 1894.

Craspedodiscus Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A, XXIII. f. 6; pl. 35B. f. 11, 1854, in part.

Melosira C. Ag. in part; H. L. Smith, The Lens 1: 87. 1872. Lagers. Bih. Sv
Vet. Akad. Handl. 3'8: 9. pl. 1. f. 1. 1876.

Pyxidicula Ehrenb. in part; O'Meara, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 58. pl. 1. f. 9.
LS76.

Actinocyclus Ehrenb. in part; Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 118. f. 5. 1881.

Hyalodiscus and Podosira have become indistinguiskable, and in uniting them it is

preferable to retain the older name, both from its clear right of priority and the mis-
leading meaning of Hyalodiscus, none of the species being hyaline. Many authors
have recognized the unity of these forms. Castracane unites them, but under the
later name, Hyalodiscus. H. L. Smith went so far as to unite both under Melosira

aPhys. Abh. Akad. Wis iss. Dat: 1870: D6. 1871.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 241

©. Ag. I agree with Castracane that this union is to be rejected. For, as he points
out,@ the present genus is never met with growing as Melosira invariably does—in long,
solid, thread-like filaments. And although a few species of Melosira present a rough-
ened center of the valve slightly resembling the ‘‘umbilicus?’ of Podosira, it is not
characteristic of the genus, and where it does occur the blotch is insignificant, never
shows a sutural line of separation from the rest of the valve—in short, is an altogether
different thing. So that although individual valves of Melosira and Podosira may be
found somewhat to resemble each other, the typical forms and the modes of growth
are so widely different that their union would create much confusion and add unneces-
sarily to the already unwieldy bulk of Melosira. I think the only author following
this plan of Smith’s is Lagerstedt.

Kiitzing wished to merge Podosira in Cyclotella; but its generally larger size, more
delicate structure, convex valves, and, above all, its prominent central umbilicus,
make such a classification impossible.

Ralfs > distinguishes between Podosira and Hyalodiscus by stating that in the latter
the valves are flat. This distinction is not true, and would not be important if it were.
None of the species or varieties of Hyalodiscus are flat, though in some cases the con-
_ vexity of the valve is slight. Both have the characteristic central umbilicus, bounded
by an evident suture. Both show the same sort of markings, that of the umbilicus
being blotched or rugose, that of the rest of the valve being delicate beading, generally
arranged in curved lines, producing the appearance of *‘watch-case milling.’ Both
grow in the same way, one or a few frustules Joined by short, stout, gelatinous stipes.
Some species previously classified as Podosira (or still so classified by anyone who runs
the genus into Melosira) are wholly destitute of the before-mentioned umbilicus; but
that it has been generally looked upon as an essential mark of Podosira is not only
expressly stated by Ralfs, but evident from hundreds of figures of both Podosira and
Hyalodiscus. Cleve & Grunowé get into the difficulty common with many authors of
trying to distinguish between the two genera on the basis of the umbilicus. After
having stated that ‘‘ Hyalodiscus hat ein mehr oder weniger scharf abgesondertes Cen-
trum,”’ it is admitted that this is not universally so, as in varieties of //. subtilis Bail.,
**so dass sie sich in dieser Hinsicht gar nicht von manchen Formen der Podosira
maxima unterscheiden!’’ In another place, after stating that Podosira may be looked
upon as without an umbilicus, the writers add that in the case of P. maxima and P.
ambigua ‘‘ein ganz entschiedener Umbilicus vorkommt.’’ The whole discussion is a
good illustration of the impossibility of holding these two genera separate. It is cer-
tainly well known to all who have examined gatherings rich in Podosira that in the
same species and from the same locality the umbilicus varies greatly in size and dis-
tinctness, and individuals are not hard to find where scarcely a trace of it remains.
Thus in the five species of Podosira given in the H. L. Smith type, four are with very
strong umbilici; one, P. montagnei Kiitz., a possible Melosira, without. In P. hor-
moides (Mont.) Kiitz. the umbilicus is generally strong, in some cases quite small, and
in at least a dozen valves on this single strewn slide almost impossible to see. Van
Heurck 4 says: ‘‘The Hyalodiscus are not essentially different from Podosira, except
in the umbilicus, which is more or less distinct according to species.”’

If, therefore, we remove from this genus the forms that evidently belong to other
genera, chiefly Melosira and Coscinodiscus, we may define it as follows:

Frustules growing singly or in a series of a few members, attached to a support and
to the next in the series by short, stout, gelatinous stipes, centrally placed, these
usually causing a pronounced ‘“‘umbilicus”’ or rugose scar situated in the center of

@ Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 139. 1886.
b Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 814-815. 1881.
eSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17°: 115-116. 1880.
d Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 448. 1896.

949 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

of each valve; the umbilicus generally (not always) separated from the rest of the
valve by an irregular line or suture; size of the umbilicus varying from a mere speck
(rarely wanting) to two-thirds the diameter of the valve; valves slightly convex to
hemispherical; markings, outside of the umbilicus, of delicate beading arranged
in close straight or curved lines crossing each other obliquely to the radii; radial
lines, continuous or discontinuous, sometimes proceeding from the umbilicus toward
or to the border, in the latter case dividing the valve into unequal segments; border
narrow, hyaline; connecting zone narrow, hyaline.

Podosira argus (Girun. in Schneider, Beitr. Kennt. Kauk. 132. 1878; Jour. Roy. Micr.
Soc. 2: 691. pl. 21. f. 6. 1879. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1364. 1894,
Podosira variegata Schmidt, Atlas pl. 140. f. 8-6. 1889. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 69.
f. 3.1890.
Podosira pacifica Chase in Walk. & Chase, Notes on Diatoms 1: 5. pl. 1. f. 5. 1886.

This exquisitely beautiful diatom is a wide departure from the type of this genus.
The umbilicus is reduced to an indefinite scar, which is sometimes wanting. The
valve is divided into three definite areas, like those of Cestodiscus, but without
processes. It agrees in these particulars with the equally aberrant Podosira (Pyx-
idicula) radiata O’Meara.@ Both these stand so much alone that they almost merit
separation from this genus. It will, however, be observed that three authors inde-
pendently assigned it to the present genus. There is also a close enough likeness
to Podosira corolla Schmidt, to give support to this identification.

The species is fairly abundant at station 2920H. Iam quite sure that in all the
specimens examined the massive bosses ornamenting the central area are not, as
Schmidt claims, thickenings on both sides of the valve, but are on the under (con-
cave) side only. The outer of the three bands is also different, being not hyaline
but plainly crossed with two sets of lines, diagonal (45°) to the radii, as is common in
this genus; within this is the band of fine radiating lines, as depicted by Schmidt.

Found at stations 2920H and 3008H, California to Hawaiian Islands.

Podosira stelliger (Bail.) Mann.

Hyalodiscus stelliger Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 10. 1854. Van Heur.
Synop. 213. pl. 84. f. 1, 2. 1881; Treat. Diat. 448. f. 173, pl. 22. f. 650. 1896. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1367. 1894. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 814. 1861. Grun. in
Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 27. 1870. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1":
4. 18753.

Craspedodiscus? stella Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 35B. IV. f. 11. 1854; Ber. Akad. Wiss.
Berl. 1854: 238. 1855; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 939. 1861.

Podosira maculata W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 54. pl. 49. f. 328. 1856. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 815. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 139. f.7 (f.4? unnamed). 1889.

Hyalodiscus stelliger Bail.; Fricke’s Verzeich. 1902. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ.
no. 420. 1874. Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 3. f. 26. 1874.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 69. f. 4-5. 1890 (figures poor).

Hyalodiscus maculatus Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1'*: 4. 1873.

Melosira maculata Lagers. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 3%: 9. pl. 1. f. 1. 1876.

The peculiar radiating lines of this species, dividing the disk, outside of the umbil-
icus into what Bailey calls ‘‘sectorial groups”’ and its relatively coarse beading define
this species well. It, of course, grades somewhat into other species, being like all
members of this genus variable. Its umbilicus is generally small. The Cleve &
Moller type no. 1 bearing this name is very wide of the mark. It has practically no
umbilicus but rather a ring, small and obscure, with radial interrupted dashes, like
an Actinocyclus; in fact it differs from <Actinocyclus interpunctatus (Bright.) Ralfs—

a4 Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 58. pl. 7. f. 9. 1876.
b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 140. f. 11, 12. 1889.

MANN—DIATOMS OF. THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 243
in little but the absence of a pseudonodule. O’Meara’s description of this species¢
is deceptive and his figure is a mere caricature. The identity of C. stella Ehrenb.
is unquestionable and is one of the few instances where Ehrenberg’s diagnosis and

_ illustration leave no doubt of the species. In this respect it differs markedly from
a case to be mentioned under the next species. Both names were given in
1854. Bailey’s was published in February and Ehrenberg’s Mikrogeologie appeared
somewhere between August 1, the date attached to his ** Vorrede,” and November 9,
the date when he exhibited the first copy to the Berlin Academy.o Bailey's name
is therefore the earlier one.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Podosira subtilis (Bail.) Mann.

Hyalodiscus subtilis Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 10. pl. 1. f. 12. 1854.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 139. f. 11, 15 (unnamed). 1889. W. Hendry, Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sci. n. s. 2: 179. fig. 1861. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4: 815. pl. 5. f. 60.
1861. Witt, Verh. Russ. Min. Gesell. II. 22: 163. pl. 7. f. 10. 1886. Grun. in
Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 27. 1870. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 201.
1874. Jan. & Rabh. in Rabh. Beitr. 8. pl. 1. f. 16. 1863. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 17°: 116. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1366. 1894. Castr. Rep.
Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 140. pl. 18. f. 4. 1886. Petit, Trans. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1: 239.
1878. H.L. Smith, Am. Journ. Micr. 3: 247. 1878. Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Micr.
Club II. 3: 67. 1887.

Hyalodiscus franklini in Cleve & Mdll. type no. 2.

Craspedodiscus franklini Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1853: 526. 1854; Mikrog.
pl. 35A. XXII. f. 6a, b. 1854 ? not Podosira franklin Grun. 1878.

Melosira franklini Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 25: 216. 1868.

——— OC. =

,
be

Whether or not Ehrenberg’s C. franklini is identical with this can only be deter-
mined by knowledge based on a study of the original material collected by the expedi-
tion of Captain Penny in 1850 at Assistance Bay. That the diagnosis of Ehrenberg
as well as his figure would suggest the above is certain; and many authors accept this
without question. In that case the species would require a new name; but until
certainty takes the place of conjecture Bailey’s name should be undisturbed. A
testimony adverse to looking on the two as the same is that of Petit,¢ who says that
P. franklini ‘‘has very fine radiating striae, certainly invisible with the objectives used
by Bailey twenty years ago.’”’ This may be so or not. One thing is evident, that
Ehrenberg’s figures of C. franklini are far more convex than they should be for P. sub-
tilis. I have concluded that the two are probably the same, not certainly so; and I
have accordingly placed Ehrenberg’s name in the synonymy with a question mark.

Found at stations 2848, 3603, 3604, and 3607, Bering Sea.

STEPHANOPYXIS Ehrenb.

Stephanopyxris Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 264. 1845, as subg.; 1845: 80.
1846. Char. Emend. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 482: 34. 1884. Grev.: Greg.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 537. 1857. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 826. pl. 5. f.
74-75. 1861. Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 4, 6 (not f. 7); pl. 19. f. 13. 1854. Castr.
Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 87. pl. 9.f.5. 9.1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1137. 1894.
Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 434. f. 158. 1896.

Systephania Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 264. 1845. Mikrog. pl. 33. VV.

f. 22, X VII. f. 16, X VIII. f. 11. 1854. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 126. 1849. Castr. Rep.

Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 150. pl. 9. f. 11, pl. 30. f. 3 (not f. 2). 1886.

_—_

@ Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. IT. 2: 250. pl. 26. f. 5a. 1875.
b Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 629. 1855.
¢ Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1: 239. 1878.

244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Pyvidicula Ehrenb. in part; Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 264. 1845 (cf. Mikrog. pl.
18. f. 6. 1854.).

Dictyopyxis Ehrenb. in part; Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 262. 1845.

Coscinodiscus Ehrenb. in part; Mikrog. pl. 38 B. XXII. f. 9. 1854.

Creswellia Grey.; Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 536. pl. 14. f. 109. 1857.
Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 164. 1859.

Of the original genus Pyxidicula Ehrenb. no clear idea can be obtained, as Greville
points out,? Ehrenberg’s diagnosis ® being equally applicable to any of a half dozen
genera and his figures being beyond much question solitary frustules and valves of
Gallionella Ehrenb.,¢ that is, of Melosira C. Ag. Indeed, he says in his diagnosis of
Pyxidicula, *‘=Gallionella divisione spontanea perfecta aut nulla.’’ The indefinite
Pyxidicula was then divided into several genera and subgenera,¢ namely, Dictyo-
pyxis to accommodate the forms with smooth cellular valves and Stephanopyxis for
those with spinose cellular valves. The former was loosely formed and included evi-
dent examples of other genera, especially Melosira and Coscinodiscus, and, as the spines
of Stephanopyxis are often obscure, perhaps even wanting, on single valves, members
of Stephanopyxis would also fall into Dictyopyxis. Stephanopyxis includes in its
diagnosis and figures the first consistent concept of these diatoms, and as elaborated
by Grunow it is the genus to be preferred. Unfortunately, however, it was not pub-
lished as a genus until 1846.¢ Systephania was published as a genus in 1845, and is
truly identical, its first figures cited above being unmistakable examples of Stephan-
opyxis; but Systephania has never been taken up by the diatomists and until all
diatomaceous genera have been typified there is no knowing but that there may be an
older name. The above is, therefore, retained until it can be considered more crit-
ically. The diatom of Donkin’s Systephania anglicas is excluded. As Grunow
points out the present genus is very variable as between species, different individuals
of one species, and even the two valves of one individual, it being not unusual for one
valve to be deeper than the other, to show greater development of spines, ete. The

confounding of specimens of the spurious genus Xanthiopyxis Ehrenb., with this ~

genus has further complicated the subject.

Stephanopyxis appendicula Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 4. 1854. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 826. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 130. f. 18-26, 29, 81-82, 34-35. 1888.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 62. f. 12-15. 1890.

Pyvidicula appendicula Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85, 264. 1845. Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. 22. 1849. Weisse, Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 241. pl. 1. f. 17.
1855.

Pyvidicula hellenica Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85. 1845.

Pyxidicula apiculata Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85. 1845. Kitz. Sp.
Alg. 22. 1849. Weisse, Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 241. pl. 1. f. 16. 1855.

Stephanopyxis apiculata Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 13b. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 826. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1137. 1894. Grun. Denkschr. Akad.
Wien 487: 86. 1884. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 62. f. 16. 1890.

Dictyopyvris hellenica Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 18a. 1854.

Creswellia turris Arnott; Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 538. pl. 14. f. 109. 1857.

Stephanopyris turris Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 826. pl. 5. f. 74. 1861. Grun.
Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 87. pl. 5. f. 7-16 (f. 18-21 doubtful; not f. 22, 28,

25). 1884. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1138. 1894. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 88ter. f. 12.

«Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 537. 1857.

b Ehrenb. Infus. 165. pl. 10. f. 1a-f. 1838.

ef. Gallionella op. cit. pl. 10. f. 2-7.

d Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 262-264, 272. 1845.
eOp. cit. 1845: 80. 1846.

f Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 1: 12. pl. 1. f. 14. 1861.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. IAD

1881. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 507. 1874. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot.
2: 88. 1886. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 130. f. 43. 1888. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 62. /. 3,
pl. 66. f. 3, 4.

Cresswellia minuta Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 4. pl. 1. f. 13. 1865.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 62. f. 13. 1890.

Stephanopyxis niejahri Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 214. pl. 6. IJ.
f. 2. 1873.

Stephano pyvxis cylindrica Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1873: 214. pl. 6. 1/.
f. 1. 1874.

Grunow considers S. apiculata Ehrenb. as separate because its spines are close to
the center of the valve. De Toni also ranks it as separate. I think the distinction
is a very weak one. The poor figures by Weisse of P. apiculata and P. appendicula
are identical. S. campanula Castr.@ differs from this species solely in the increasing
fineness of the network as it approaches the margin; in this respect it agrees with
“S. (Cresswellia) palmeriana Grev.,® and especially its variety, © which, like Castracane’s
form, is not easily separated from the above.@ 8S. (Cresswellia) turgida Grev.é is also
too close for easy distinction. Greville’s figure is probably too coarse; he claims the
network is much finer than in S. turris, though the valves are considerably larger.
Grunow/ also holds them to be distinct and draws attention to the enlarged ends of
the spines.

Greville repeatedly spells the name ‘‘Creswellia,’’ but later ‘‘Cresswellia;’ the
latter is correct, so far as the English family name of Cresswell is concerned.

Found at stations 2844, 4029H, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea.

Stephanopyxis corona (Ehrenb.) Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 83ter. f. 10, 11.
1881; Treat. Diat. 434. f. 158.1896. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 38.
1884. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 123. f. 10-17, 19-20, pl. 130. f. 13, 16-17, 36. 1888. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1142. 1894. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 62. f. 1. 6, pl. 67. f. 20.
1890. .

Systephania corona Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 272. 1845; Mikrog. pl.
83. XV. f. 22, X VII. f. 16. 1854. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. pl. 18. f. 57.
1883. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 832. pl. 5. f. 81. 1861.

Systephania diadema Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 272. 184:
33. X VIII. f. 11. 1854. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. pl.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.833. 1861. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 126. ano:

Stephanopyxis diadema Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 80. 1846. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 826. 1861.

Pyxidicula diadema Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 21. 1849.

But one specimen was found, identical with that figured by Schmidt.¢

Found at station 3696.

Stephanopyxis trisculpta Mann, sp. nov. PLatTE XLV, FIGURE 6.

Valve hemispherical, covered with large hyaline regular bosses, giving an obscure
appearance of hexagonal network; no circle of spines, but instead of these short
knob-like processes interspersed eenaclins irregularly among the bosses or beads;
these processes almost wanting at the center, becoming frequent at one-half the radius
and from there outward increasing and near the margin regularly filling all the inter-

@4Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 88. pl. 19. f. 14. 1886.
6 Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 13: 2. pl. 1. f. 9. 1865.
¢Schmidt, Atlas pl. 130. f. 44. 1888.

@ Cf. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 130. f. 43. 1888.

eQuart. Journ. Micr. Sei. 7: 165. pl. 7. f. 14. 1859.

J Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 90. 1884.

g9Schmidt, Atlas pl. 130. f. 13. 1888.

246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

spaces between the bosses or beads; below this double-marked outer plate a second
plate regularly dotted (or perforated’), the dotting appearing through the bosses and

interspaces, giving a shadowy granular appearance to the whole valve; rim, or margin *

of juncture of the two valves, hyaline (not seen in the accompanying figure, being
out of focus).

Diameter of valve, 0.078 mm.

I confess to some doubt in referring my form to this genus; though its resemblance
makes me prefer to classify it here rather than accept the less advisable alternative
of creating a new genus for it. The correctness of placing it here is rendered more
probable by its near resemblance to Stephanopyvis broschii Grun.,@ especially the last
figure. My species differs from that of Grunow in everything except the secondary
punctation; in the large number of knob-like processes, toward the margin filling
all the interspaces, in the evident hyaline border, in the absence of “two to five
spines remote from the center.’ Of Grunow’s figure which most nearly resembles
this species, namely, figure 30, he says: “ Fig. 30. Form ohne Stacheln, fraglich hieher
gehorend.”’

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590119, from station 2807, Galapagos Islands,
April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of (.lobigerina ooze and coral mud.

COSCINODISCUS Ehrenb.

Coscinodiscus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1838: 128. 1840. Ratt.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 449. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1200, 1894.

Symbolophora Ehrenb. in part; Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 205. 1845.

Endictya Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Perl. 1845: 71. 1846?

Odontodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 72. 1846.

Heterostephania Ehrenb. Mikrog. 15. pl. 835A. XIII, B. f. 4, 5. 1854.

Cestodiscus Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 48. pl. 5. f. 8, 9. 1865.

Cosmiodiscus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 79. pl. 8. f. 11-13. 1866.

Stoschia Jan.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 128. f. 6. note. 1881.

Janischia Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 95. f. 10-11. 1881.

Micropodiscus Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48: 79. 1884.

Willemoesia Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 165. pl. &. f. 8, 8a, 8b. 1886, no species.

Ethmodiscus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 166. pl. 3. f. 1, 9. 1886.

The above condensation results in a genus of huge proportions, the type of the
discoidal diatoms, as the genus Navicula is of the elongated forms. The general
structure of its valves is, as the name indicates, a circle covered with a hexagonal
network, a “‘sieve-disk.’’ But the rather unwieldy dimensions of the genus is more
than offset by the definiteness of type which it affords. The differences upon which
the above synonyms were formed are none of them confined to the species that would
be therein included, but grade off into other forms that are unmistakable examples
of. Coscinodiscus. One example will suffice, Cestodiscus Grey. Its generic char-
acter rests on the small submarginal processes that adorn the valves. Butsuch proc-
esses, a little smaller, are the rule rather than the exception in Coscinodiscus, as for
example in C. subtilis Ehrenb. Greville himself remarks: ‘I honestly confess that
the best generic character I can frame is weak.’’ The foregoing is equally applicable
to Heterostephania Ehrenb. The most unsatisfactory member of the above com-
bination to me is Endictya Ehrenb. The close resemblance of its members to the
evident Coscinodiscus forms C. robustus Grey. and C. marginatus Ehrenb. is responsi-
ble for this union. But they are also close to some specimens of Stephanopyxis, and
besides have certain peculiarities found in no other Coscinodiscus. The valves are
not flat or convex disks, but cups; not bounded by a ring-like margin, but when

viewed from the valval side, encircled by a somewhat raised and pointed edge from —

« Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 90. pl. 5. f. 26-30. 1884.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 947

which the valves turn vertically downward to form a band, ornamented like the face
of the valve with a rugged network; so that the two valves if placed together form,
without the connecting girdle, a cylindrical pill box. In this they agree with Melosira,
though differing from that genus in mode of growth. I have adopted here the generally
admirable classification of Rattray, although in this and some other respects it seems
open to criticism, a state of things probably inevitable under any arrangement.

Some of the members of this genus approach, through their markings, Stictodiscus
and Hemiptychus Ehrenb., and, through their processes, Tripodiscus Ehrenb.
Coscinodiscus africanus Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 3.f. 2, ined. Schmidt, Atlas pl.

59. f. 24, 25. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1258. 1894. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb.
16: 534. 1889.

This remarkable form shows two sets of border markings; one of fine radial lines,
i. e., perpendicular to the margin, the other of strong spirally and obliquely arranged
markings, made very prominent in the above figure by Schmidt. I am convinced
these latter are an optical illusion. They are caused by the fact that the actual
border markings, the fine cross lines, do not lie parallel on the two surfaces of the
border, the upper and under sides, belonging to the upper and under valves of the
frustule. In other words, the two sets of lines cross each other at a very acute angle.
This peculiarity is the result of the excentric arrangement of all the markings of the
valve. The two foci are not directly above each other; and therefore the lines radi-
ating from them, including the fine lines on the border, are not parallel. As a con-
sequence the false spiral markings appear best under low powers of magnification
or when slightly out of focus. Under a one-twelfth inch objective and with careful
focusing they are not to be seen.

The curious excentric arrangement of the network and the spiral appearance of
the border seem tike an abnormality. But the species is very true to its type. My
specimens come from the same locality as the original, the Galapagos Islands. They
are another illustration of the value of the diatoms for indicating locality. Castra-
cane’s ‘‘var. rotunda” of this species, though recognized by De Toni, has nothing
to recommend such an assignment except the mere accident of an excentric arrange-
ment of markings.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 77. 1845;
Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 45, pl. 33, X V. f. 7. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828. 1861,
Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 78. pl. 3.f. 9.1884. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung.
1: 73. pl. 17. f. 153. 1886. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 549. 1889. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 63. 12. 1878; pl. 113. f. 22-23. 1888. Cleve & MGll. type no. 57. 164.
Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 4. f. 9. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 128. f. 1-8, 5; pl. 130.
f. 1-2, 5-6. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1268. 1894.

Coscinodiscus omphalanthus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 266. 1845.

Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828. 1861. Cleve & MOll. type no. 57, 215. H. L. Smith,
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 95 (not Schmidt, Atlas pl. 63. f. 2. 1878).

Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehrenb.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 63. f. 5. 1878.

Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenb.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 63. f. 1. 1878.

Rattray says, ‘‘This species is distinguished by the evident puncta on the mark-
ings.’’ But many other species share this character, as C. marginatus Ehrenb. and
C. robustus Grey. Ralfs says,” ‘‘It differs from the other species with stellate umbili-
cus by its minutely punctate cellules.’? These two distinctive characters should be
taken together.

Found at stations 2929, 3570, 2287H, 3635H, 4023H, 4025H, off California to Bering
Sea.

@Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 159. pl. 24. f. 8. 1886.
b Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828. 1861.

$317138—voL 10, pt 5—07 3

248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Coscinodiscus borealis Bail. Amer. Journ. Sei. Il. 22:3. 1856. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 838. 1861. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 90, 93, 95. 1874. Ratt. Proc.
Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 558. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas. pl. 63. f. 11. 1878. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1274. 1894.

Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehrenb. var.; Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 488.

1883. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48?: 77. 1884.

Bailey says, ‘This resembles C. oculus-iridis; but the cellules forming the star are
more rounded, and the other cellules are larger.’’ Rattray says, ‘‘ Distinguished from
C. oculus-iridis by the coarser and more robust markings.’’ The species is neverthe-
less of doubtful worth; and Cleve and Grunow have perhaps done rightly in classing
it as a variety of C. oculus-iridis. Ehrenberg¢ gave the name to a quite different
diatom, a variety of his C. radiatus.

Found at stations 2844, 3607, 3361H, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1838: 129. 1840 (?);
Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 78. 1845; Mikrog. 18. f. 39, pl. 22. f. 1. (not pl. 21.
f. 8). 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828. 1838. Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb.
21: 501. pl. 11. f. 49. 1857. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 103. f. B. 1881. H. L. Smith,
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 91, 92. 1874. Cleve & M@ll. type no. 57, 164, 207, 215. Castr.
Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 155. pl. 2. f. 3. 1886. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb.
16: 555. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1272. 1894.
Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenb. var.; Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 79.
1884.

This species is, like the two preceding ones, too close in some of its varieties to C.
oculus-iridis Ehrenb. In fact, we have here to do with a group of forms that run into
one another and render the specific boundaries unsusceptible of sharp definition.

A figure in Schmidt’s Atlas ® represents the more common variety in the following |
dredging.

Grunow does not recognize this as belonging to the present species; but I think
with Schmidt it should be classed here.

Many figures of this species are worse than worthless, notably that by O’Meara. ¢

Found at Station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Coscinodiscus cocconeiformis Schmidt, Atlas pl. 58. f. 24-28. 1878. Ratt. Proe.
Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 599. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1302. 1894. Wolle, Diat.
N. A. pl. 94. f. 4, 5. 1890.

The forms found in the following dredging are larger than those figured by Schmidt,
and the dots radiate regularly from the elliptical center, a variation wider than the
inconsequential ones shown in Schmidt’s figures, to which Rattray gives three vari-
etal names.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Coscinodiscus concavus (Ehrenb.) Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 500. pl. 10. f.
47.1857. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'': 4. 1873. Ehrenb. Phys. Abh.
Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1841: 412. 1843; Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 78. 1845;
Mikrog. pl. 21. f. 4 (not pl. 18. f. 38). 1854; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin
1871: 260. 1873. Schmidt, Atlas. pl. 62. f. 8 (not pl. 59. f. 16). 1878. Kiitz. Sp.
Alg. 125. 1849. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 469. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 1215. 1894.

Coscinodiscuseconcavus africae Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 79. 1845.

« Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1861: 294. 1862.
b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 60. f. 12. 1878.
¢ Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. I1. 2: pl. 26.f. 19. 1875,

oan

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. YAY

Endictya oceanica Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 76. 1846; Mikrog. pl. 35.A,
X VIII. f. 6, 7. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 831. pl. 5. f. 70. Cleve & Mall.
type no. 110, 259. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 148. 1874. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 65. f. 10, 12, 18, 15. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1189. 1894.

Endictya minor Schmidt, Atlas pl. 65. f. 14, 16. 1881.

In this list Rattray also includes Orthosira oceanica Bright.,¢ which is synonymous
with Melosira oceanica (Bright.) Leud-Fort.6 To this I can not agree. Rattray does
not take note of Brightwell’s figure, which is so unquestionably a Melosira (Orthosira
type) that it is impossible to classify it in this genus. It is true that Brightwell states
his form may be the same as Gregory’s above-cited figure of C. concavus. It is also
true that the valval view resembles Endyctia oceanica Ehrenb. and FE. minor Schmidt,
classified by Rattray with this species and here admitted into the synonymy. But
if they all are the same as Brightwell’s form, then there is nothing to do but transfer
them all to the genus Melosira. The same is true of Melosira cribrosa Breb.,¢ if we
take Brebisson’s statement of its zonal view and mode of growth, rather than that
observed by Smith. I have, therefore, not included this in the above synonymy,
though Rattray treated it asasynonym. There is no question about the forms found
by me being Coscinodiscus; nor is there any reason to doubt that the similar speci-
mens figured by Ehrenberg @ and by Gregory ¢ are also members of this genus. Ehren-
berg’s example is unfortunately abnormal; but that it stands for his C. concavus,
rather than the quite different form previously figured, / is proved by the fact that in
his summary of his genera and species 9 he refers to his figure in plate 21, but excludes
that in plate 18. It may be added that the difficulty here brought out of placing
the above Endictya forms with this species gives emphasis to the doubt expressed
by me in discussing the present genus as to the union of Endictya with Coscinodiscus.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Coscinodoscus concinnus W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 85.1856. Roper, Quart.
Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 20. pl. 3. f. 12. 1858. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828. pl. 5. f.
89.1861. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 2. f.6. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 114. f. 8,9. 1888.
H. L. Smith, Am. Journ. Micr. 2: 102. 1877. Cleve & Mdll. types no. 215, 319.
Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 531. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1256. 1894.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 92. 1874. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487:
79. 1884.

Coscinodiscus moseleyt O’ Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 15: 330. 1875; Journ.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 16: 57. pl. 1. f. 6. 1877. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 153.
1886.

Coscinodiscus ? tenuis Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 333. pl. 7. f. 9. 1862.

Coscinodiscus centralis Schulze; Grun. Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc. 2: 688. 1879. H. L.
Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. 92: 1874, not Ehrenb. 1854.

Coscinodiscus papuanus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 154. pl. 3. f. 3. 1886.

Coscinodiscus commutatus Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48*: 79. 1884.

Eupodiscus ? commutatus Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48?: is 1884.

Eupodiscus jonesianus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 10: 22. pl. 2. f. 3. 1862.
Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 11': 5. 1873. if. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.
163.1874. Moeb. Diat.-taf. Bhs 42. f. 3. 1890.

1@ Quart. ae Wee. Sci. 8: 96. ack 6. ie m7 ab. 1860.
6 Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 72. 1879.

¢ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 19: 11. pl. 2. f. 15. 1857.

@ Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 21. f. 4. 1854.

¢ Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: pl. 10. f. 47. 1857.
/Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 88. 1854.

9 Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1871: 260. 1873.

250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

This very delicate species is with some difficulty separated from C. centralis Ehrenb.
W. Smith claims that its markings are so much finer that Ehrenberg could not have
seen them with his microscope. This is indeed the difference. But it is a question
if this offsets their close resemblance, in both having a central rosette of very large
cells surrounded by unusually fine markings, in both having the two peculiar mar-
ginal processes which led Greville to class them as Eupodiscus, ete. The separation
is at least open to question. Greville’s beautiful figure of 2. jonesianus is inaccurate,
and Roper’s figure emphasizes too strongly the radiating lines.

Found at stations 2807, 4516H, Galapagos Islands, and off Lower California.

Coscinodiscus curvatulus Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 57. f. 80, 833-87. 1878; pl. 1138.
f.6.1888. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 83. pl. 4 D. f. 8-16. 1884. Jan. Diat.
Gaz. Exped. pl. 2. f. 7, pl. 5.f. 2, 8,8, pl. 6.f. 2, pl. 20. f. 17. Cleve & Méll.
types no. 57, 154, 162, 164, 276,319. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16; 486. 1889.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1226. 1894.

Coscinodiscus (Odontodiscus) curvatulus Grun.; Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. -
17°: 113. pl. 7. f. 129. 1880. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 488. 1883.

Coscinodiscus szontaghii Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 74. pl. 15. f. 138, pl. 28. f. 278.
1886.

In my specimens the curvature of the fascicles is so slight as to be easily overlooked,

a characteristic which, though emphasized in the name, is unimportant and variable.

There can be no doubt that this form and Actinocyclus curvatulus Jan.@ are the same

diatom except for the accident of a pseudonodule in the latter. I do not regard the

figures by Janisch ® as belonging here, though Rattray so classifies them. His reference
to H. L. Smith type no. 99 as containing this species under the name of Odontodiscus
curvatulus Grun. is wrong, so far as the slide I have is concerned. It comes from

Japan and is marked C. scintillans Grey., and although it shows abundant examples of ©

C. subtilis Ehrenb., which has some slight resemblance to this species, it is a

quite distinct form, as Rattray points out. It is probable that Rattray’s slide of

Smith’s no. 99 shows this species; but the reference is faulty as a general reference.

Pantocsek’s figures of C. szontaghii are so utterly different from this species that they

are worse than useless. By reading his description it is, however, plain that Rattray

is correct in uniting this form with the above. It would be well for diatomists to
either forego the luxury of illustrations or make them near enough like the objects in
nature to be capable of recognition.

Found at stations 3604, 4022H, Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus decrescens Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 61. f. 8-10, 15. 1878. Grun.
Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 80. pl. 3. C. f. 11, 18. 1884. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Edinb. 16: 525. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1252. 1894.

Rattray, followed by De Toni, includes in the above C. heteroporus Ehrenb.¢ and
C. argus Grun.@ I think the assignment in Schmidt is much better. Rattray places
a question mark after Schmidt’s plate 61, figure 10, which, if an example of this species,
must certainly be looked on as abnormal. Castracane has assigned this name to a
totally different diatom,e for which Rattray proposes the name C. minuens.

Found at station 3361H, Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus deformatus Mann, sp. nov. Puate XLVIII, ricures 1, 2.
Valves nearly flat for four-fifths of the radius, thence curving slightly downward;
network radially arranged, somewhat irregular at the center, but with no umbilicus;

aCf{. Schmidt's figures above with his pl. 57. f. 31.
bJan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 1. f. 6, pl. 4. f. 4.

¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 61. f. 6-7. 1878.

d Schmidt, Atlas pl. 113. f. 7. 1888.

eCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 159. pl. 12. f. 14. 1886.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 251

the cells not small, but with very delicate walls; nearly uniform in size until within
one-fifth of the radius from the margin, then rapidly decreasing to the margin; no
dots or puncta within the hexagons; interradial lines frequent toward the margin;
border a thin hyaline band; outline uniformly irregular by depression of one side.
Diameter of valve from 0.138 X 0.109 mm. to 0.080 0.071 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590120, from station 2807, Galapagos
Islands, April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud; col-
lected also at station 3013H, Hawaiian Islands.

This form is not to be confused with the irregular, generally subtriangular exam-
ples of C. heteroporus Ehrenb., classed as C. decrescens irregularis Grun.¢ The far
greater delicacy of the network, the absence of papillae, and the uniformity in the
hexagons over the greater part of the valve, clearly distinguishing them. It is very
abundant at both the above stations, the first of which is close to the Galapagos Islands
and the second close to the Hawaiian Islands. This unusual form must therefore
be looked upon as a subtropical littoral species.

Coscinodiscus denarius Schmidt, Atlas pl. 57. f. 19-22. 1878. Ratt. Proc. Roy.
Soc. Edinb. 16: 504. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1238. 1894.

Coscinodiscus variolatus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 155. pl. 2. f. 5. 1886.

It is doubtful if this has sufficient specific difference from C. symmetricus Grey. to
warrant the above name. It is certainly not sufficiently different from the figures
so named by Schmidt.o Compare also Greville’s original figure. ¢

Found at station 3097, off central California.

Coscinodiscus elegans.Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s.14: 3. pl. 1. f. 6. 1866.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 58. f. 7, pl. 163. f. 10. 1878. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 73.
pl. 16. f. 141 (?), pl. 24. f. 216. 1886. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 4. f. 6. Cleve
& Moll. type no. 164. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 14. pl. 2. f. 22. 1888. Ratt.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 585. 1889. De Tomi, Syll. Alg. 2: 1293. 1894. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 70. f. 6. 1890.

Coscinodiscus margaritaceus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 164. pl. 18. f. 3. 1886.

Of the above figures the first of Pantocsek’s is worthless; those in Janisch and in
Luard & Witt must be looked upon as representing extreme varieties.

Fn the specimen accompanying this report the frustule has two valves quite differ-
ent in the arrangement of the beading, a good commentary on the constantly repeated
absurdity of making ‘‘new species” out of such trifles.

Found at station 3604H, Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus excentricus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 146.
1841; 1841: 323. pl. 3. VII. f. 5. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 32, pl. 21. f. 6.
W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 23. pl. 3. f. 38. 1853. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 58.
f. 46-49; Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 3. f. 86-38. 1874. Grun. Denkschr.
Akad. Wien 487: 84. pl. 4D. f. 7. 1884. Van Heur. Synop. 217. pl. 130. f/f. 4,
7, 8. 1881. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 2. f. 3, pl. 6. f. 8, 7-11. H. L. Smith,
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 93. 1874. Van Heur. Typ. Diat. Belg. no. 529, 530. Cleve
& MOll. type no. 148, 150, 183, 207, 210, 211, 215, 228, 257, 258, 276. Ratt. Proc.
Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 461. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1210. 1894.

Odontodiscus excentricus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 79. 1846. Schmidt,
Jahreso. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 94. 1874.

Eupodiscus excentricus O’Meara, Quart: Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 245. pl. 7. f. 2. 1867.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 77. f. 2. 1890.

Coscinodiscus minor Schmidt, Atlas pl. 113. f. 9. 1888.

@Schmidt, Atlas pl. 61. f. 7. 1878.
b Op. cit. pl. 57. f. 25-27.
¢ Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 68. pl. 8. f. 2. 1861.

252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Coscinodiscus labyrinthus Roper, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 21. pl. 3. f. 2a—b. 1858.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 19. f. 2 a-b. 1890. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 831. Ratt.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 471. 1889. Cleve & MOll. type no. 276. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1215. 1894. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien@ 48°: 73. 1884.

As the central portion of C. sol Wallich and this species are almost identical, and
as the outer border is weakly silicified and easily destroyed, specimens of the two
may easily be confused. It may ultimately be found that the two are only striking
varieties of the same species, in which case O’Meara’s E. excentricus would represent
an intermediate form. Comparing it with the second figure of C. sol, where the invest-
ing ring is greatly reduced, it is easy to see how an extension of the puncta into
lines in the otherwise hyaline border of O’Meara’s form, and a reduction in the deposit
of silica would give us C. sol. Variation in these respects is by no means unknown.
An analogous case will be found described under C. robustus Grey., where in some
cases a massive investing ring is present, no trace of which is to found in most examples
of that species. There is, however, at this time no justification for claiming the
identity of C. excentricus and C. sol.

The variety called C. labyrinthus by Roper occurs at station 4505H. The peculiar
symmetrical grouping of the hexagons that gives a strongly dotted appearance to the
valve is obscure when mounted in Canada balsam, but very striking in the dry speci-
mens. Finding this in connection with large quantities of C. excentricus, I have
been able to establish beyond question that this is simply a variety of the above. It
is given separate rank by Ralfs, Schmidt, Rattray, and De Toni. It should be here
stated that Schmidt’s plate 59, figure 14, has nothing to do with the above forms.

Found at stations 2807, 2844, 2859, 3091, 3361H, 2604H, 3693H, 3694H, 2699H,
4023H, 4025H, 4505H, Galapagos Islands, off Kamchatka, south of Alaska, off Oregon,
Bering Sea, off California, and Okhotsk Sea.

Coscinodiscus galapagensis Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 574. pl. 2. /. 20. 1889.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1285. 1894.
Coscinodiscus griseus galapagensis Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 128. f. 7, pl. 182.
Ab Pag ict 8
Coscinodiscus griseus Grey.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 58. f. 1. 1878.
Coscinod.scus scintillans Grey.; Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 38.
f. 33. 1874 (?).

Coscinodiscus appolinis compacta Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 579. 1889.

I think Rattray is correct in making this a new species rather than a variety of
C. griseus Grey. Greville’s species © is quite different. I also think the form cited
above as C. scintillans Grey. (2), which Rattray makes subspecies compacta of C.
appolinis Ehrenb., is the same diatom. Indeed, the only doubt of the validity of
Rattray’s species is its closeness to forms of C. scintillans Grey. (C. appolinis Ehrenb.),
as represented in this figure of Schmidt’s, rather than to forms of C. griseus.

‘Found at station 2808, Galapagos Islands.

Coscinodiscus heteroporus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 265.1845. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 831. 1861. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48%: 74. 1884.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 61. f. 1, 4, 6 (7?). 1878. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16:
540. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1262. 1894.

Rattray refers Schmidt’s figure ¢ to C. decrescens Grun. As stated under that species,

I think Schmidt is correct in assigning it here. Figure 7 is doubtful.
Found at station 3569H, Pribilof and Commander Islands.

a(f. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 38. pl. 2. f. 1-2. 1860.

> Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 8: 230. pl. 9. f. 7. 1863. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 47.f.7.
1890.

«Schmidt, Atlas pl. 61.f. 6.

j

~~ Tes - s. FT”

|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 253

Coscinodiscus lentiginosus Jan.;Schmidt, Atlas pl. 58. f. 17. 1878; Diat. Gaz. Exped.
pl. 4. f. 1-2, pl. 5. f. 7. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 81. 1884. tatt.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 491. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1230. 1894.

The extreme delicacy of the markings, slightly excentric in arrangement, and the
obscurity of the minute spine just within the margin, which are the distinguishing
characters of this species, makes identification difficult. Castracane’s form bearing
this name@, seems to lack these marks, and shows nothing to warrant its assignment
here.

Found at station 3513, Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus lineatus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1838: 129. 1840;
1841: 371. pl. 3. VIZ. f.7,8 (not pl. 1. II.,f. 20). 1843; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 33, pl.
22. f. 6a-b, pl. 835A. XVI. f. 3, pl. 835A. XVII. f.7. 1854. Kiitz. Bacill. 131. pl.
1. f. 10. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 830. 1861. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish
Acad. II. 2: 264. 1875. Van Heur. Synop. 217. pl. 131. f. 3. 1881. Jan. Diat.
Gaz. Exped. pl. 4. f. 8, pl. 20. f. 14. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 59. f. 26-32. 1878:
pl. 114. f. 13. 1888. Cleve & Moll. types no. 57, 114, 148, 150, 162, 207, 276.
Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 472. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1216. 1894.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 87. f. 10. 1890.

Coscinodiscus ehrenbergii O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 264. pl. 26. f. 24.
1875.

Two specimens mounted on one slide, accompanying this report, show how unim-
portant the marginal spines in this species are, one having very large spines and the
other barely a trace of them. The single “‘pseudo-process” is present but inconspic-
uous in both.

A figure of Ehrenberg’s ® frequently included here is clearly that author’s C. excen-
tricus, and in his index to the plates¢ he gives this figure as ‘‘ Coscinodiscus lineatus ?
an eccentricus?”’

Found at stations 2680H, 2807, off California and Galapagos Islands.

Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb. variety (?) PuaTE XLIX, Ficure 2.

Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 142. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 44, pl.
33. XII. f. 13, pl. 38B, XXII. f.8. 1854. Cleve & Moll. types no. 114, 164, 215.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 62. f. 1-5, 9, 11, 12. 1878. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.
94, 95. 1874. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 509. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 1241. 1894 (not C. marginatus Ehrenb.; Kiitz. Bacill. 131. pl. 7. f. 7. 1844: not
C. marginatus Ehrenb.; Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 3. pl. 7A.
f. 20. 1862).

Coscinodiscus fimbriatus-limbatus Ehrenb.; Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 4. 1854. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 65. f. 3-6. 1881; pl. 113. f. 2. 1888.

Coscinodiscus limbatus Ehrenb.@ Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 206. 1841; Mikrog.
pl. 20. f. 29 a. 1854. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 65. f. 7. 1881.

Coscinodiscus radiatus forma heterosticta Grun.; Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 70.
pl. 20. f. 184. 1886.

Coscinodiscus radiatus subaequalis forma parva Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: pl. 22.
f. 203. 1886.

Coscinodiscus robustus Grey.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 62. f. 6. 1878.

Coscinodiscus robustus intermedia Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 72. 1884.

Coscinodiscus subconcavus forma major Schmidt, Atlas pl. 62, f. 7. 1878.

@Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 160. pl. 5. /f. 4. 1886.

6 Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1841: pl. 7. III. f. 20. 1843.

cOp. cit. 438.

@This name as used by Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 72. 1884=(C. fimbriatus
Schmidt.

254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

I have here figured a form common in several dredgings, which, according to pres-
ent interpretations, passes under the above name. I do this in order to illustrate a
confusion in the taxonomy of this species that should receive attention. Anyone who
will compare Greville’s original figure of C. robustus¢ with the original figure of
Ehrenberg’s C. marginatus © will see little resemblance between them. Yet Grunow,
Schmidt, Pantocsek, Rattray, and others give no satisfactory marks of distinction,
and we have all sorts of discordant opinions connected with most of the modern
figures. Grunow gives us, on the one hand, a C. robustus intermedia Grun.¢ which
Rattray makes C. marginatus intermedia Ratt.,¢ and on the other hand Grunow
gives a C. marginatus submarginata Grun.,¢ which Rattray puts under C. robustus
Grey.e Rattray further states that though the original slide of Greville’s C. robustus
is not available, two slides marked by him (Greville) ‘‘ C. robustus”’ now in the British
Museum are C. marginatus Ehrenb. In view of the foregoing facts I offer the sugges-
tion that some one’who has access to the material sift out these forms, and, if neces-
sary, drop Greville’s species entirely in favor of Ehrenberg’s. The name C. mar-
ginatus might necessarily be retained, instead of the earlier C. limbatus, because of
the uncertainty of the two figures Ehrenberg gives for that species.’ Under present
conditions no such thing as a positive identification is possible. I have labeled some
specimens that show a narrow border and an absence of radial arrangement, with
obscure or broad papillae in the hexagons, C. robustus Grev., and others, with broad
and massive borders, somewhat radial and slightly diminishing areolation showing
pronounced papillae, C. marginatus Ehrenb.; but though the best possible under the
present circumstances, these can not be looked upon as critical identifications.

Diameter of valve here figured, 0.176 mm.

Found at stations 3361H, 3712H, off Panama and Okhotsk Sea.

Coscinodiscus nitidulus Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 58. f. 20-21. 1878 (not pl. 1128. f.
18. 1888). Van Heur. Synop. pl. 132. f. 2. 1881. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1:
73. pl. 24. f. 214. 1886. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 480. 1889. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1222. 1894. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 5, f. 13.
Found at station 4516H, off Lower California.

Coscinodiscus nitidus Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 499. pl. 19. f. 45. 1856.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 5&. f. 16-19. 1878; Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 94. pl. 3.
f. 82. 1874. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 831. pl. 8. f. 18. 1861. Jan. Diat. Gaz.
Exped. pl. 5. f. 12, 14-16 (not f. 13). Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 75. pl. 78.
f. 166. Van Heur. Synop. Suppl. pl. C. f. 41. 1885. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 94.
f. 22-23. 1890. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 478. pl. 1. f. 21. 1889? De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1221. Cleve & MOll. type no. 150, 155, 208, 210, 257, 311.

Coscinodiscus foraminosus Grey. MS. in Coll. Brit. Mus.

This and the former species show considerable resemblance to certain members of
the genus Stictodiscus.9
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

a4Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: pl. 1. f. 8. 1866.

bEhrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 44. 1854.

¢ Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 72. 1884.

@Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 511. 1889.

€ Op. cit. 512.

J Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 20. f. 29a—b. 1854.

g9 Ci. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 202. f. 4. 1896 and Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 3: pl. 5.
f. 7. 1887.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 255

Coscinodiscus nobilis Grun. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 2: 687. pl. 21. f. 1. 1879. Jan.
Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 6. f. 13, pl. 2. f.6, unnamed.@ De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1266,
1894. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 545. 1889.

Coscinodiscus regius Wall. in Schneider, Beitr. Kennt. Kauk. 27. 1878, Journ.

Roy. Micr. Soc. 2: 687. 1879.

This large and extremely delicate species is close to C. fulguralis Brun,’ and to ©.
diorama Schmidt; ¢ the chief mark of distinction being the far more rapid increase of
the areolation from the center outward, and the consequently more robust size of the
network in the last-named forms.

Found at stations 2882, 2919, 2923, 2929, 3346, 3712H, 4014H, off Oregon, southern
California, Washington, Okhotsk Sea, and Honshu Island, Japan.

Coscinodiscus nodulifer Schmidt, Atlas pl. 59. f. 20-23. 1878. Jan. Diat. Gaz.
Exped. pl. 2. f. 4-5. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 94. f. 7. 1890. Ratt. Proc. Roy.
Soc. Edinb. 16: 520. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1249. 1894. Cleve & MOll. type
no. 57, 155.

Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenb. err. det. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 98. 1874.

Rattray erroneously credits the name to Janisch. In both the first and second edi-
tion of Schmidt’s Atlas it is credited to Schmidt, as well as in the note of Rattray’s in
his revision of the genus,@ containing a list of the identifications by Janisch of his
plates of the Gazelle Expedition.

Found at stations 2690H, 2807, 2916H, 2917H, 2920H, 3013H, off California, Gala-
pagos Islands, to Hawaiian Islands.

Coscinodiscus normanni Greg.; Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 80. pl. 6. f. 3.1859.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 20. f. 3.1890. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 500. 1889.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1235. 1894.
Coscinodiscus normannicus Greg.; Van° Heur. Synop. pl. 131. f. 1. 1881; type
no. 532.

Odontodiscus subtilis Grun.; Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 95. 1874.
Van Heur. Synop. 218. 1885.

Coscinodiscus subtilis Ehrenb.; Eulen. Diat. Sp. Typ. no. 115 (cf. Van Heur. Synop.
218. pl. 131. f. 1. 1881-85).

Coscinodiscus curvatulus Grun. var.; Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 8: 488.
1883.

Coscinodiscus fasciculatus Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere, 2: 95. pl. 3. /.
1874; Atlas pl. 57. f. 9, 10. 1878.

My specimens are with very obscure apiculae or wholly without them, a condition
noted by Rattray. The specimen from station 3669H is placed here with some doubt.
The beads are slightly oval. It is nearest to the unnamed figure,@ on which Schmidt ¢
has given reasons for withholding from this species. Rattray erroneously refers a fig.
ure / to this species to which Janisch gives the name C. atlanticus Grun.,g which should
probably be C. atlanticus Castr. as figured in the subspecies,” a form recognized as valid
by Rattray.

Found at stations 2844, 3526, 3571H, 3607, 3669H, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea,
Pribilof and Commander Islands, and along Kuril Chain.

41.

a(Cf. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 462. 1889.
b Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31': 21. pl. 21. f. 6. 1891.
¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 64. f. 2. 1878.

dSchmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 3. /. 42. 1874 .

€ Op. cit. 95.

J Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 5.f. 6. ,

g Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 462. 1889.

h Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: pl. 3. f. 7. 1886.

256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Coscinodiscus obscurus Schmidt, Atlas pl. 67. f. 16-18. 1878. Grun. Denksear.
Akad. Wien 48°: 74. 1884. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 513. 1889. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1244. 1894.

Cestodiscus obscurus Van Heur. Synop. pl. 129. f. 4. 1881.

The general cell structure of my specimens agrees well with the above, and the
characteristic minute beads at the inner ends of the semiradial lines are very evident.
They do not appear in the somewhat doubtful photograph of this diatom by Doctor
Woodward.¢ The specimen from Sendai, Japan, called by Brun C. obscurus floralis,6
ean hardly be classed here; the fine beaded secondary markings in the hexagons and
the absence of a striated border mark them as distinct. Brun’s form is, except for the
coarser marking, nearer to C. floridulus Schmidt, which, like the above, has minute
beads at the terminations of the semiradial lines,

Found at station 2844, south of Alaska.

Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 147. 1841;
Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 42, pl. 19. f. 2.1854. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627;
3. pl. 1B. f. 6, pl. 2A. f. 4. 1862. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 63. f. 4 (no name), 6-9. 1878;
pl. 113. f. 1, 8-5, 20. 1888. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 77. 1884. Jan.
Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 2. f. 2. Cleve & M@ll. type no. 3, 57, 162, 215, 258, 259, 276.
319. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 559. 1889. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828.
1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1275. 1894.
Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 21. f. 3. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.
91 (not no. 92). 1874.

Rattray unites with the above list C. omphalanthus Grun., ¢ C. asteromphalus Ehrenb.,4@
and Cestodiscus radiatus Ehrenb.e I do not think these can be classed here. I also
look on Rattray’s C. oculus-iridis loculifera J as of doubtful worth.

Found at stations 2929, 3604, 4530H, off southern California and Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus pentas (Ehrenb.) Mann.

Symbolophora pentas Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 205. 1845; Mikrog. pl.
385A. XXII. f. 19. 1854. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 43. f. 56. 1875.
Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 283. pl. 12. I. f. 1. 1873.

Symbolophora microtrias Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 205. 1845; Mikrog.
pl. 35A, 21. f. 16. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 833. 1861. Griff. & Henf.
Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 43. f. 55. 1875.

Symbolophora tetras Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 205. 1845. Fhrenb.
Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 394. pl. 12. I. f. 1. 1873.

Symbolophora hexas Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 205. 1845.9

Coscinodiscus stellaris Roper, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 21. pl. 3. f. 3. 1858. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 15. f. 3. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 828. pl. 5. f. 83. 1861. Castr.
Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 155, 158. pl. 3. f. 2. pl. 5. f. 9. -Grove; Schmidt, Atlas

a Van Heur. Synop. pl. 129. f. 4. 1881.

b Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31': 23. pl. 20. f. 2. 1891.

¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 63. f. 2. 1878.

@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 60. f.7. 1878 and Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 77. 1884.

e Van Heur. Synop. pl. 129. f. 5. 1881.

J Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: pl. 1. f. 2. 1889.

g9Symbolophora microtetras Ehrenb., S. micropentas Ehrenb., and S. microhexas
Ehrenb. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1855: 302. 1856, are all nomina nuda. S. trin-
itatis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 88. 1845. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
833. pl. 11. f. 36.1861. Griff. & Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 19. f. 6. 1875. Am. Journ,
Sci. 48: pl. 4.f. 1. 1845 is here excluded, as it is an Actinoptychus.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. PAY |

pl. 164. f. 4. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 261. 1875. Ratt. Proc.
Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 493. 1889. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 82. 1884.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1231. 1894.

Coscinodiscus symbolophorus Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 82. pl. 4. f. 3-6.
1884. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 492. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 138. f.
1-5. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1230. 1894.

I include in this species a large number of varieties found in the various dredgings
and soundings named. I am convinced that there is no reasonable ground for Gru-
now’s C. symbolophorus as distinguished from Roper’s older name C. stellaris.. Grunow
admits that the difference is one of relative fineness of marking—too slight a character
for creating a new species, especially when this difference is by no means striking
and many intermediate forms are obtainable. Both have the same relative convex-
ity of valve; the same striking stellate cluster at the center; the same arrangement of
fine beading, namely, in fascicles whose component rows are parallel to the longest
radial middle row. By thus abandoning the untenable distinction separating these
two we have a sharply defined species, its nearest relative being C. subtilis Ehrenb.,
from which it is distinguished by the stellate marking of the center and the absenc
of minute processes next the border. The older specific names of Ehrenberg given
above under the now-abandoned genus Symbolophora take precedence over those of
Grunow and Roper. I have selected S. pentas, published simultaneously with S.
microtrias and S. tetras, because I have found the five-parted star at the center to be
more common than the rest and because Ehrenberg’s illustration cited above is quite
satisfactory.

Found at stations 2807, 2848, 2859, 2860, 2919, 3346, 3361H, 3603, 3604, 3604H,
3671, 4029H, Galapagos Islands, off Alaska peninsula, off British Columbia to south-
ern California and Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus pustulatus Mann, sp. nov. Pirate XLVIII, ricure 3.

Valve strongly and evenly convex, covered with large conical (not hemispherical)
beads, symmetrically arranged in decussating rows, as in C. symmetricus Grey., the
largest at the center and regularly decreasing to the border, but terminating just
within the border in a single row of increased size; border broad, stout, and hyaline.
The heavy cone-shaped beads give a remarkable brilliancy to the diatom.

Diameter of valve, 0.1 mm.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590156, from station 3565H, Bering Sea,
July 6, 1895; 1,866 fathoms, bottom of blue mud ooze.

It should be here noted that what resembles a pseudonodule near the border in the
photograph herewith reproduced is, together with three flecks near the center, due
to defects in the negative.

Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. ow Wiss. Berl. 1839: 148. pl. 3. f.
Ja—c (not d.). 1841; Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 1, pl. 22. f. 3, pl. 38. XIII. f. 2 (not 2*),
pl. 33. XVLf. 6, pl. S5A. X VIL. f. Sree retae 0-1: fa, pl. 21. f. 1). 1854.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 830. pl. 1f. f. 39, 40. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 60. f,.
5, 6, 9, 10, pl. 61. f. 13 (undetermined). 1878; pl. 65. f. 8 (no name). 1881; pi.
113. f. 8,15 (no name). 27. 1888. Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 94.
pl. 3. f. 34. 1874. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 71. pl. 3. f. 1-4, 7. 1884.
Cleve & MOll. types no. 57, 114, [55, 164, 207, 211, 215, 257. Van Heur. Synop.
pl. 129. f. 1. 1881. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 165. pl. 29. f. 2, 11, 15. 1886.
Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 514. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1244. 1894.
(exclude here C. radiatus Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 42: 95. pl. 2. f. 14. 1842; also C.
radiatus Weisse, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 12: 122. pl. 1. f. 25. 1868).

Coscinodiscus caspius Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 394. pl. 12. I. f.
14. 1873.

Coscinodiscus borealis Ehrenb. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1861: 294. 1862, not

~ C. borealis Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 22: 3. 1856.

958 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Coscinodiscus devius Schmidt, Atlas pl. 60. f. 1-4. 1878. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 180,
f. 8. 1881. Cleve & Mll. type no. 150.
Coscinodiscus fallax Schum. Schriit. Phys. Okon. Gesell. Konigsb. 8: 62. pl. 3. f.
76. 1867 (cf. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 165. pl. 29. f. 2, 11, 15. 1886).
Rattray includes under the above category several references,¢ which are omitted
here.
Found at stations 2807, 3604, 2835, Galapagos Islands, off Lower California and
Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus robustus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 3. pl. 1. f. 8. 1866.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 70.f. 8.1890. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 4.f. 10-11. Se@amidt,
Atlas pl. 62. f. 16, 17 (not f. 1-6). 1878. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48*: 72.
1884. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 511. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg.@: 1243.

1894. Piate XLVIII, re@ureE 4.
Coscinodiscus subvelatus Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 65. f. 9. 1881. =

Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb. var. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487:972. 1884.

Coscinodiscus kinkerianus Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 13. pl. 3. f. 1. 1888.

Greville’s figure and its reproduction cited above by Moebius are, as Rattray points
out, somewhat idealized. A variety was found at station 3399H corresponding to the
one that Schmidt considers doubtful. C. swbvelatus Grun. is also a rather too diver-
gent variety, while C. kinkerianus Truan & Witt is either a variety with unusually
narrow margin or a type form with margin wanting. The confusion between this
species and C. marginatus Ehrenb. has been discussed under that heading.

Found at stations 3346, 3361H, 3399H, 3604, 3663H, 3693H, 3784, 3785, 4023H,
4025H, off Washington, Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea. ,

In Rattray’s revision¢ occurs this paragraph: ‘‘In a Santa Monica form, 13 mm. in
diameter, discovered by Doctor Rae, the usual striated border was surrounded by a
second more sharply defined but narrower band, with a slightly convex surface, and
bearing delicate striae, 8 to 10in 0.01 mm. At one place this band is interrupted and
somewhat more convex on the two sides of the break. This gives it the appearance
of an elastic spring enveloping the valve.” Specimens of this structure are not
infrequent at station 3361H, which is in Bering Sea northwest from Pribilof Islands.
At station 4025H, a little north of the Aleutian Islands, it is decidedly abundant.
Nor is such a band confined to this species. Brun @ figures precisely this condition
on a specimen of C. crassus Bail. It would be interesting to know the precise
physiological signification of this feature, its only occasional presence in the different
species implying that it has such signification. Figures of this form and a morpho-
logical discussic~ of the interrupted diatom girdle have been published by Palmer &
Keeley.¢ The form found at station 4025H is represented in the accompanying
figure.

Coscinodiscus simbirskianus Grun. Denkschr. Akad.Wien 48°: 81.1884. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 113. f. 11-12. 1888. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 489. 1889. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1228. 1894.

My specimen is a typical example of this unusual species. As the sounding in
whieh it occurred was made off the coast of Alaska, and as the only places heretofore

aEhrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33. XIII. f. 2*. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 62. f. 18. 1878. H. L.
Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 99. This last is probably an error. No. 99 is marked
©. scintillans Grey., and contains no example of C. radiatus. No. 98 is marked C.
radiatus Ehrenb., but is wrong. It is C. nodulifer Schmidt. _

bSchmidt, Atlas pi. 62. f. 1. 1878.

¢ Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 512. 1889.

d Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: pl. 20. f. 3. 1891.

¢ Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 465-479. pl. 15-16. 1900.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 259
reported where it has been found are in Russia (i. e. Simbrisk, Ananino, and Arch-
angelsk-kurojedowo), it would be interesting to know the geological outcrop that
furnished thisaspecimen.

Found at station 3361H, Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus subtilis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 412. pl. 7. ITI.
f. 18, pl. 8. VII. f. 4. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 85, pl. 33. XIIT. f. 4, pl. 33. X VI. f.
7, pl. 84. VU. f. 6, pl. 35. XXII. f. 5, pl. 85. XX ITI. f. 5. 1854. Ehrenb. Phys.
Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 438. pl. 1. III. f. 18. 1843. Grev. Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sci. 7: 81. 1859. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 830. 1861. Jan. Abh. Schl.
Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 4. pl. 1A. f. 2. 1862. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 2.f. 8.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 57. f. 11-16. 1878. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 100.
Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 494. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1232.
1894 (exclude Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 443. pl. 3. VII. f. 4.
1843. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 81. pl. 3. f. 26. 1884. Ehrenb.
Mikrog. pl. 22. f. 4. 1854).

Rattray has included here several references which are very questionable.¢ The two
varieties described by him® are very unsatisfactory and uncertain examples of this
species. Its boundaries are unquestionably misty. It approaches (C. normanni
Greg., C. odontophorus Grun., C. rothii Grun., C. symmetricus Grey., C. fasciculatus
Schmidt, C. denarius Schmidt. H. L. Smith’s type no. 100 is truly typical. Com-
pare synonymy of C. normanni Greg.

Found at stations 2844, 3526, 3604H, 3607, 3635H, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea.

Coscinodiscus undulosus Mann, sp. nov. PuaTE XLIX, Figure |.

Frustules small and very delicate; valves slightly and evenly convex; markings of
oval beads elongated in the radial line, all of one size very small, arranged in radiat-
ing rows, but so spaced in the rows as to produce a uniform delicate wavy appearance
over the entire valve; border moderately broad, perfectly smooth. A fragile and
handsome species, found only in the following dredging, there quite abundant.

Diameter of valve, 0.125 to 0.136 mm.

Type in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 590121, from station 3526, Bering Sea,
August 5, 1893; 49 fathoms, bottom of fine sand and dark mud.

Coscinodiscus verecundus Mann, sp. nov. PLATE L, FIGURE l.

Valve nearly flat; central area very minute or wanting, marking of minute beads,
the largest at the center and regularly decreasing to the border; arranged in indistinct
fascicles, 12 to 14 in number, irregular in width, showing the watch-milling effect of an
Actinocyclus; border of two distinct portions equal in width, namely, each about one-
twentieth the radius; the inner portion a smooth band ornamented with evenly set,
large but dim beads in a single circle; the outer portion strongly marked with trans-
verse (radial) striae, slightly wider on the outer side. The entire valve most delicate
and pellucid. :

Diameter of valve, 0.078 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590122 from station 3688H, Okhotsk
Sea, August 27, 1896; 1,562 fathoms, bottom of brown mud and fine sand.

aJan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 4. f. 1-2 (named C. lentiginosus Jan.), pl. 5. f. 7, pl. 6.
f.1, 5, pl. 20.f.5. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 57. f. 28-29 (noname), pl. 58. f. 37 (no name).
1878. Van Heur. Synop. 218. pl. 131. /f. 1. 1881-1885 (as C. subtilis Ehrenb.? in text
and C. normannicus Greg. in plate).

b Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 497. pl. 1. f. 16, pl. 3. f. 6. 1889.

260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Coscinodiscus woodwardii Kulen. Diat. Sp. Typ. no. 116. 1868. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 60. f. 8, pl. 61. f. 3. 1878; pl. 65. f. 2. 1881.

I do not find satisfactory reason for placing this diatom under C. apiculatus Ehrenb.
as is done by Rattraye and copied in De Toni.” Although our knowledge of the latter
species is most obscure, yet so far as the form is now represented it has only a remote
resemblance to the above. Its typical structure is with beaded valves, while the
above is covered with a fine network; and although the transition from beads to hexa-
gons by the enlargement of the beading and their subsequent lateral pressure is an
easily understood one, I think the form is then so far from the type as to have passed
over into another species. Rattray has, I think, suggested a more important affinity
than the one above by his remarke that C. apiculatus ‘‘ when its markings are polygonal
and in contact is distinguished from C. radiatus Ehrenb. by the presence of a central
space.’’ This is very nearly the structure represented by C. woodwardii, which I
would therefore prefer to place as a variety of C. radiatus rather than to unite it
with C. apiculatus, as I look upon the minute and irregular central area of this species
_as less significant than the striking structural contrast between it and C. apiculatus.
But for the present at least it is better to keep this species independent, as is done by
Grunow, Schmidt, and others. Habirshaw makes this name synonymous with C. argus
Ehrenb., an identification quite out of the question.

Found at station 2694H, off California.

ACTINOCYCLUS Ehrenb.

Actinocyclus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1837: 61. 1838; Infus. 171. 1838; Ber.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 202-204. 1841.

Pyzridicula Ehrenb. in part; Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85. 1845.

Eupodiscus Ehrenb. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 24. pl. 4. f. 41. 1853.
Breb. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club 2: 71. 1870. Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21:
501. 1857. .

Actinoptychus Ehrenb. in part; Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 78. f. 12. 1854. Kiitz. Bacill.
134. 1844. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 94. 1860.

Auliscus Ehrenb. in part; Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 320. 1864.

Hyalodiscus Ehrenb. in part; H. L. Smith, Amer. Journ. Micr. 2: 100. 1877.

Stictodiscus Grey. in part; Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 118. f. 4. 1881.

Podosira Ehrenb. in part; Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 178. f. 5. 1881.

Micropodiscus Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 118. f. 5. 1881.

Roperia Grun.; Grun in Van Heur: Synop. pl. 118. /. 6. note. 1881. Ratt. Journ.
Roy. Micr. Soc. 8?: 917. 1888.

Coscinodiscus Ehrenb. in part; Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 83. 1884. Norm.
Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 7.1861. Grove, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 17: 449.
1890.

This genus is one of extreme difficulty—first, because of the remarkable confusion
between it and other genera, especially in the earlier writers; the result being that
such actinocycloid forms as are treated by them are difficult to find. This is especially
the case in regard to this genus and Actinoptychus Ehrenb., on the part of Ehrenberg,
Kiitzing, Greville, Brightwell, and others, a condition growing out of the fact that
when Ehrenberg first constituted the genus Actinocyclus it made no distinction
between these and the Actinoptychus forms, which, though so dissimilar, were not
separated until 1840, when Ehrenberg created the genus Actinoptychus for that pur-

a Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 571. 1889.
> De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1283. 1894.
¢ Op. cit. 570.

|

ese es ev

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 26]

pose. Kiitzing, Greville, and Brightwell, however, ignored this latter genus, and so
perpetuated the error. In addition to the confusion between the above-mentioned
genera, there is a second reason for the difficulty here encountered, and one that partly
explains the other; the inconstant and rather trivial generic distinction between this
and Coscinodiscus Ehrenb. The general structure and markings are those of the latter
genus, and the one striking distinguishing feature, the ‘‘ pseudonodule”’ of Actinocy-
clus, is unquestionably very inconstant. Some species, like A. pyrotechnicus Deby,
seem fairly well marked and stable; but many others differ from well-known species
of Coscinodiscus only in the presence of this pseudonodule, and it is not unusual to find
specimens both with and without this structure in the same gathering. Thus C. evr-
vatulus Grun., is A. curvatulus Jan., without its pseudonodule; so also C. subtilis
Ehrenb. and A. subtilis Greg., C. fuscus Norm., and A. ralfsii (W. Smith) Ralfs, ©.
tuberculatus Grev., and A. sparsus (Greg.) Ratt.; while in H. L. Smith’s type slide no.
12 the form he calls ** Actinocyclus interpunctatus Bright.,’’ is uniformly lacking*in the
pseudonodule and agrees exactly with his type slide no. 421, marked ‘* Podosira
maxima Grun.’’ There might be mentioned a third reason for the difficult character
of this genus, namely, the lack of good literature on the subject and especially of good
figures of the species. Rattray’s revision of Actinocyclus@ contains some excellent
work, but it leaves much to be desired. Too many old specific names have been dis-
turbed; the illustrations are scanty and too small. and the analytical key is most diffi-
cult to use. Schmidt’s Atlas has so far practically ignored this much needed sub-
ject, an undertaking of far more importance to the science than the wearisome
reillustration of species already repeatedly figured in its plates.

Actinocyclus alienus Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 125. f. 10, 12.1881. Ratt. Journ.
Quek. Micr. Club IT. 4: 144. 1890. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 85. f. 14.1890. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1165. 1894.

The specimens found by me agree with what Grunow calls variety californica,
which is the type of the species.
Found at station 3361H, off the coast of Alaska.

Actinocyclus crass1s (W. Smith) Van Heur. Synop. pl. 124. f. 6, 8.1881. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1169. 1894.
Eupodiscus crassus W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 24. pl. 4. f. 41. 1853.
Actinocyclus subcrassus Ratt. Journ. Quek. Mier. Club II. 4: 154. 1890.
Actinocyclus circumdatus Pant. Bacill. Ung. 1: 66. pl. 3. f. 28. 1887.

Van Heurck’s figure is hardly typical, as the beading is radially arranged in the
type. Rattray’s proposition to make a new species of the nonradial forms is, how-
ever, not to be commended. They should be looked upon as varieties of the above.

Found at station 3346, off the coast of Washington.

Actinocyclus curvatulus Jan.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 57. f. 31. 1878. Wolle, Diat. N. A.
pl. 94.f. 14. 1890.
Coscinodiscus curvatulus subocellatus Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48?: 83. pl. 4. .15.
1884.
Actinocyclus subocellatus Ratt. Journ. Quek. Mier. Club II. 4: 145. 1890.

The above differs merely in its pseudonodule from Coscinodiseus curvatulus Grun.,¢
a difficulty that Grunow tries to avoid by making this species a form as variety subocel-
latus of that svecies.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.
@ Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 4: 137-212. pl. 77. 1890.
6 Van Heur. Synop. 125. pl. 25./. 70.
¢Schmidt. Atlas 57. f. 33. 1878.

262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Actinocyclus (?) elongatus Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 125./. 15, 17. 1881.

Iam in harmony with Van Heurck in doubting the correctness of calling this an
Actinocyclus. Not only the extreme contrast of this elongated form with any known
Actinocyelus (my specimen is twenty times as long as wide), but the absence of any
true pseudonodule makes this classification unsatisfactory. In my specimen at least,
the dot which Grunow considers a pseudonodule is only an enlarged bead on the upper
surface of the valve, and lacks the shimmering appearance of the true pseudonodule.
In my form also, as in Van Heurck’s figures, there are two such, located at short dis-
tances from the two ends. Rattray@ states that the pseudonodule is genuine in a
Tuscarora valve, but doubts its genuineness in another subspecies which Grunow for
that reason names A. elongatus dubia.b The fact is, we have here another illustration
of the difficulty of considering Actinocyclus anything more than a subgenus of Cos-
cinodiscus. Compare the figures of Van Heurck © with that of Coscinodiscus elongatus
Grun. in figure 14 of the same plate.

Found at station 2919, off the coast of southern California.

Actinocyclus interpunctatus ( bright.) Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 835. 1861.
Ratt. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 4: 203. 1890. (Not H. L. Smith typ. no. 12.)
Actinoptychus interpunctatus Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 94. pl. 6.f. 17. 1860.
Hyalodiscus stelliger Bail. err. det. M6ll. Amer. Journ. Micr. 2: 100. 1877.
Eupodiscus (Actinoptychus) interpunctatus Bright.; Grun. Amer. Journ. Mier. 8:
101-102. 1878.

The above is perhaps a broad variety of A. ralfsii (W. Smith) Ralfs, and differs little
from A. sparsus (Greg.) Ratt. The slide in H. L. Smith’s type no. 12, bearing the
above name and identical with his slide 421, marked ‘‘ Podosira maxima Grun.,”’ is
better considered a variety of A. ralfsii, that is, if that species and this one are to be
kept separate. Ralfs was himself doubtful about this form being a valid species. I
share this doubt. Still, as there is ground for question on this point, it is perhaps
best to accept Rattray’s decision and retain the above name. |

Found at station 4505H.

Actinocyclus minutus Grev.; Ratt. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club Il. 4: 170. pl. 11.f. 4.
1890.

The original specimens came from Manila; this one from the Galapagos Islands.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Actinocyclus oliverianus ©’ Meara, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 58. pl. 1.f.7. 1876 (?).
Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 145. pl.4.f.7. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Quek. Mier.
Club IL. 4: 148. 1890.

Podosira oliveriana Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 118. /.5. 1881.

Micropodiscus oliverianus Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 118./f.5. 1881; Denkschr.
’ Akad. Wien 487: 79. 1884.

Actinocyclus umbonatus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 145. pl. 4.f. 4. 1886.

It is difficult to decide on the genus of this diatom. It has the shimmering pseudo-
nodule of Actinocyclus, the watch-case milling of Podosira and the general border of
Craspedodiscus. I place it as above because my form, unlike that figured by Van
Heurck and the one referred to by Rattray, has a true pseudonodule, a large, hyaline,
refractive globule, and not the small process of Van Heurck’s and Rattray’s figures.
The view of Van Heurck and of Grunow, who looked on this as a species of Podosira,
does not seem to me to be tenable. It may be found necessary to adopt Grunow’s sug-

a Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 4: 197. 1890.
b Van Heur. Synop. pl. 125.f. 16-17. 1881.

SSS ee

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 263

gestion of putting this in a new genus Micropodiscus; though the name would be bad,
as some specimens have, ‘as above stated, not a “‘little foot,’’ but a very evident
pseudonodule. Castracane’s figure gives emphasis to contorted markings that do not
occur in all cases. I do not agree with Rattray that Actinocyclus antarticus Castr.¢
and A. wmbonatus Castr.o are synonymous with the above. The failure to find a
pseudonodule in the original specimen by O’Meara is probably explained by the
inconstancy of that structure.
Found at station 2859, off the coast of Alaska.

Actinocyclus ralfsii (W. Smith) Ralfsin Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 835. pl. 5.f. 84. 1861.
Van Heur. Synop. 215. pl. 123.f. 6, pl. 124.f. 1-4. 1881. O’Meara, Proc. Roy.
Trish Acad. II. 2: 268. pl. 37. f. 1.1875. Ratt. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 4: 155.
1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1170. 1894. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall.-Bot. 2: 143. pl. 30.
f.1. 1886. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzeniam. 1'%: 78. /.119B. 1896. Blake, Trans. Wisc.
Acad. 14: 108. pl. 3-4. 1903.

Eupodiscus ralfsii W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 86. 1856. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 4.
f. 11. 1890.

Coscinodiscus fuscus Norm. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 7. pl. 2.f.3. 1861.
Actinocyclus fuscus H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 11. 1874.

The specimens found at station 3611 are a small and coarse variety similar to the
figure in Moebius cited above.
Found at stations 3361H and 3611, off the coast of Alaska.

Actinocyclus sparsus (Greg.) Ratt. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club Il. 4: 156, 170. 1890.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1177. 1894-
Eupodiscus sparsus Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 5:81. pl. 1.f.47. 1857. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 12.f. 47. 1890.

Actinocyclus ralfsii sparsus Ralfs, Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 835. 1861. Cleve & Moll.
type no. 115. 1878.

Actinocyclus fasciculatus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: pl. 4.f. 8-8bis. 1886.

As Rattray points out,¢ it is a matter of doubt if this form is not to be looked uponas
a variety of A. ralfsii, thus agreeing with Ralfs’s opinion@ in Pritch. Hist. Infus. above.
But, like Rattray, I feel that this union is questionable enough to warrant the separa-
tion, at least for the present. As has been pointed out in the discussion of the genus,
the above differs from Coscinodiscus tuberculatus Grev., only in the presence of a pseu-
donodule. ¢

Found at station 3346, off the coast of Washington.

Actinocyclus subtilis (Greg.) Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 835. 1861. Ratt.
Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 4: 188. 1890. H. L. Smith, Am. Journ. Micr. 2:
101.1877. H.L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. 14. 1874. Van Heur. Synop. 216. pl. 124,
f. 7. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1183. 1894.

Eupodiscus subtilis Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 501. pl. 11. f. 50. 18577 not
Ehrenb. 1855, nom. nud.
Eupodiscus gregorianus Breb. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club 2: 41. 1870.

@ Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 145. 1886.
b Loc. cit. pl. 4. fig. 4.
¢ Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 4: 156. 1890.
_ @(f. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 835. 1861.
¢ See Greville’s original figure in Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond, n. s. 9: 42. pl. 4.f. 6. 1861,

or Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 37./. 6. 1890.

81713—VvoL 10, pT 5—O7—"4

264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The name ** Kupodiseus ? subtilis’ Ehrenberg ¢ ought to be dropped out of considera-
tion, as there is no indication of the character of the diatom the author had in mind.
Ralfs’s species, however, differs in no respect, except in its pseudonodule, from Cose#-
nodiscus subtilis Ehrenb.® and especially from the figures in Schmidt’s Atlas pl. 57-
Sf. 11-16.

Found at stations 3669H, Kuril Islands, and 3688 H, Sea of Okhotsk.

Actinocyclus tesselatus (Roper) Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 835. 1861.

Eupodiscus tesselatus Roper, Quart. Journ, Micr. Sci. 6: 19. pl. 3. f. 1-1. 1858.

Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 13. f. 1-1b. 1890.

Roperia tesselata Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 118. f. 6-7. 1881. Ratt. Journ. Roy.

Micr. Soc. 87: 57. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1087. 1894. :

As has been pointed out in the discussion of the genus, the sole difference between
Actinocyclus and Coscinodiscus is the presence in the former of the pseudonodule.
Although this species contrasts strongly with others of the genus because of its reticu-
lated marking, it does not differ in that respect from Coscinodiscus, where such mark-
ings are the dominant ones. I see, therefore, no reason to place this in a new genus.
The pseudonodule is less dense and convex than in most Actinocycli, though there
are exceptions even to this; but there can be no question that it is the homologue of
that structure.

Found at stations 2680H, 2690H, between San Francisco and Hawaii.

CRASPEDODISCUS Ehrenb.

Cras pedodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 200. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 108.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 831, 939. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1198. 1894
Griff. & Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 3. 203. pl. 43. f. 21. 1875. Bright. Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sci. 8: 95. pl. 5. f. 6, pl. 6. f: 12. Moeb. Diat.-taf..pl. 29. f. 12. 1890.

Coscinodiscus Ehrenb. in part; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 126. 1849.

Pyxidicula Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85. 1845, in part.

Porodiscus Grey. in part; Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 66. f. 6. 1888.

Hyalodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1858: 526. 1854, in part; Mikrog. pl.
35A. xxii. f. Ga—-b. 1854.

Although this genus is of questionable validity it is not possible at this time to dis-
tribute its members among the two or three genera which it most nearly resembles.
It stands closest to Coscinodiscus, as is evident by such examples of Craspedodiscus
coscinodiscus Ehrenb. as that figured in Schmidt.¢ On the other hand, it leads over
imperceptibly into Porodiscus Grey., asin the case of Schmidt’s figure,¢ which Grunow
calls Craspedodiscus oblongus, but which Rattraye looks upon, and rightly, as Poro-
discus oblongus Grey. Nor is it surprising that in such cases of Brightwellia as have a
very minute ring of beads separating the central portion from the outer band of the
valve, this ring should be looked upon as essentially the same as the suture that usually
separates these two portions in Craspedodiscus./ It is, however, best to hold this genus
distinct; and accordingly the union of it with Coscinodiscus by Kiitzingg has been
generally disregarded.

aEhrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1855: 302. 1856.

b Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 412. pl. 1. III. f. 18. 1843.
¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 66. f.°3. 1881.

d Op. cit. f. 7-9.

e Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 674. 1889.

7Cf. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci, 8: 95. pl. 5. f. 6. 1860,

g Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 126, 1849,

re
Be

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 265

Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 266, 1845;
Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 108, pl. 33. XV. f. 8, pl. 33. XVI. f. 8.1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 832. pl. 5. f. 80. 1861. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 266. pl. 26. f.
26. 1874. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 66. f. 3-5. 1881; pl. 184. f. 4. 1893. Bright. Quart.
Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 95, 139. pl-5. f. 4. 1860, correction. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise
Novara Bot. 1: 26, 194. 1870. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 600. 1889. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1199. 1894. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 86. f. 3. 8. 1890.

Pyxidicula coscinodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85. 1845.

Craspedodiscus microdiscus Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33. XVII. f. 4. 1854.

Craspedodiscus pyxidicula Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 95. pl. 5. f. 4. 1860.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 28. f. 4. 1890.

Coscinodiscus pyxidicula Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 126. 1849. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3.
pl. 43. f. 21. 1875.
Found at station 2919, off southern California.

CYCLOTELLA Breb.

Cyclotella® Breb. in Breb. & God. Consid. Diat. 20. 1838. Kitz. Bacill. 50. 1844.
Arnott, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 244. 1860. Van Heur. Synop. 213. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 811.1861. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 140. 1886. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 13851. 1894.

Cymbella C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 11. 1830, in part.

_ Pyvidicula Ehrenb. Infus. pl. 10. f. 1. 1838, in part.

Discoplea Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1847: 484. 1848; Mikrog. pl. 6. IT. f. 1-4,
pl. 39. IT. f. 29. 1854.

In many instances single valves of this genus are identical in general build with those
of Melosira C. Ag. They never, however, grow in connected chains or filaments, as do
those of the latter genus. Their sculpturing is also usually sui generis. The genus is
universally recognized as distinct, a decided advantage in classification, in view of the
size of Melosira. Although Cyclotella represents much smaller forms than those com-
prising the genus Coscinodiscus, the general shape and the mode of growth of the two
are closely similar, and certain members of each genus are difficult to disttnguish.

Cyclotella regina Mann, sp. nov. PLATE L, FIGURE 2.
Valve circular; consisting of a large central area, three-fourths the diameter of the
~ valve and a rim one-fourth the diameter; the former nearly hyaline, but having a few
scattered beads near the slightly elevated center and a narrow fringe of fine radiating
lines next to the rim; rim nearly flat, showing different markings on its under and
. upper sides; the under (section a in the figure) ornamented with delicate and close
transverse striae; the upper (section b in the figure) finely beaded on the inner half,
the outer half hyaline; a fine but evident line near to and parallel with the margin.

Diameter of valve 0.088 mm.

The general appearance of this species is somewhat like (. transylvanica Pant.
Specimens are scarce at station 2807, at the Galapagos Islands, and only a single valve
was found at station 2823 just inside the mouth of the Gulf of California, opposite the
town of La Pax.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590123, from station 2807; also from sta-
tion 2823, Galapagos Islands and Gulf of California.

Cyclotella striata (Kiitz.) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 119
1880. Van Heur. Synop. 213. pl. 92. f. 6-10, 12-15. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas pl.
223. f. 9-14. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1352. 1894.

Coscinodiscus striatus Kiitz. Bacill. 131. pl. 1. f. 8. 1844.

—-—

————

@ Asasubgenus by Kiitzing, J.innaea 8: 535. 1833,
b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 223. f. 21-27. 1896,

266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Discoplea sinensis Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 39. I. f. 16, pl. 39. II. f. 30. 1854.

Discoplea atlantica Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 39. IT. f. 29. 1854.

Cyclotella dallasiana W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2:87. 1856. Rabh. Fl. Eur.
Alg. 1: 33. 1864 (not H. L. Smith. Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 102. 1874).

Cyclotella sinensis Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 812. pl. 15. f. 4. 1861.

Cyclotella atlantica Ralfis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 812. pl. 15. f. 3. 1861.

Cyclotella ambigua Grun. in Cleve. & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17*: 119. pl. 7.
f. 133. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1352. 1894.

Though there is similarity between this and C. stylorum Bright., I do not think it is
sufficient to necessitate uniting them, as is done by De Toni.¢ They are held as sepa-
rate by Ralfs, Schmidt,and Van Heurck. There is no doubt about C. sinensis (Ehrenb.)
Ralfs being this species; though Discoplea sinensis Ehrenb., on which Ralfs bases his
name, is somewhat questionable. The same is true of C. dallasiana W. Smith, which
from the meager description and the absence of any illustration is rather indefinite.
H. L. Smith’s type no. 102 is a typical C. stylorwm Bright., to which, therefore, if the
two are to be held separate, it should be referred.

Found at stations 2688H, 4516H, off California and in Gulf of California.

Cyclotella stylorum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 96. pl. 6. f. 16. 1860. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 92. f. 2-5. 1881 Schmidt, Atlas pl. 223. f. 6-8. 1896. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 813. 1861. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 29. f. 16. 1890.

Cyclotella dallasiana W. Smith, err. det. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 102. 1874.

As only a single valve was found the identification is somewhat doubtful, for withou*
a complete frustule it is nearly impossible to decide between the above species and
similarly constructed valves of Melosira, as, for example, those of M. subornata Schmidt.
Found at station 3263H, south of Aleutian Islands. —

HEMIPTYCHUS Ehrenb.

Hemiptychus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 7. 1849.

Arachnodiscus Bail. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1849: 64. 1850; in Wilkes U. 8. Explor.
ixped. 17: 174. 1874. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1311. 1894.

Arachnoidiscus Deane; Pritch. Hist. Animale. ed. 2. 318. 1852; Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
841. pl. 15. f. 18-21. 1861. H. L. Smith, The Lens 1: 19, 93. 1872.

Arachnoidiscus Bail.; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 25. pl. 31. f. 256. 1853. Deane,
Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 188. 1858.

The above name must take precedence over Arachnodiscus, which was first pub-
lished in 1850, Ehrenberg crediting the name to J. W. Bailey, who probably commu-
nicated the name in a letter to Ehrenberg, as no trace of it can be found in Bailey’s
earlier writings. In 1850 Ehrenberg discards the earlier name, in consequence of its
prior application to a genus of insects, and adopts the very appropriate and desecrip-—
tive name of Arachnodiscus, which was first used in England by H. Deane (spelling it,
however, as it is now generally spelled, Arachnoidiscus) in an unpublished paper read
before the Microscopical Society of London on March 17, 1847.

Ehrenberg’s excuse for abandoning his earlier name, Hemiptychus, is not valid. I
think it is both unnecessary and unwise to duplicate names in botany and zoology,
and especially so where the forms are, as with the diatoms, close to the dividing line
between the two kingdoms. But in this instance there is no duplication; the*hemip-
terous name previously established by Germar in 1833¢ being Hemiptycha, no

a De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1352. 1894.
b Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 188. 1858,
¢Silb. Rey. Ent. 1833.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 2967

Hemiptychus. This latter was looked upon by Le Conte as sufficiently distinct to be
given to a genus of Coleoptera in 1865.4 As this first name of Ehrenberg’s is valid and
as his diagnosis is clear and his type species well defined, namely, /7/. ornatus, it must
replace the better known and far more descriptive name invented by Deane.

Hemiptychus ehrenbergii (Bail.) Mann.
Arachnodiscus ehrenbergii Bail. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1849: 63. 1850; Wilkes
U.S. Explor. Exped. 17: 174. 1874. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 26. pl. 37.
f. 256. 1853. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 68. f. 3-4. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult.
18622: 158. pl. 2A. f. 3. 11. 1862. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 69. pl. 19. f. 169.
1886. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti, pl. 2. f. 8. 1888.
Arachnoidiscus japonicus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 198. 1873
(not A. japonicus Shadb. which is A. ornatus Ehrenb.). Carp. Micro. ed. 8. 612.
pl. 12. 1901.
The specimens found at station 3604 are the variety called californica Grun.?
Found at stations 2287H, 2844, 2848, 2860, 3604, 3635H, 3691H, 3693H, 3694H, 3712H,
3784H, 4013H, 4019H, 4023H, 4025H, 4029H, Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, off British
Columbia, Okhotsk Sea, and off Honshu Island, Japan.

Hemiptychus indicus (Ehrenb.) Mann.

Arachnoidiscus indicus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 165. 1855; Mikrog.
pl. 36. f. 84.1854. Witt. Verh. Russ. Min. Gesell. IT. 22: 153. pl. 8. f. 4. 1886.
Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 69. pl. 19. f. 171.1886. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 68. f. 6-8.
1881; pl. 73. f. 2. 1882; pl. 201. f. 2-6. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1312. 1894.

This species approaches by close gradations to H. ehrenbergii.

Found at station 3635H, Bering Sea, between Pribilof and Aleutian Islands.

Hemiptychus ornatus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 7. 1849.

Arachnoidiscus ornatus Ebrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1849: 64.1850. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 3. 842. pl. 15. f. 18-21. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 73. f. 4-10. 1882.
Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 11. pl. 2. f. 15. 1888. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl.
Cult. 1862*: 22. pl. 1A. f. 3, pl. 1B. f. 5. 1862. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1311. 1894.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. 45.1874. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 11>: 69. /. 95. 1896.

Arachnoidiscus japonicus Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. 3: 319. pl. 24. f. 18-21.
1852 (not A. japonicus Ehrenb., which is A. ehrenbergii Bail.).

Arachnoidiscus nicobaricus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 165. 1855; Mikrog.
pl. 30. f. 35. 1854.

Found at station 3698, off Honshu Island, Japan.

STICTODISCUS Grev.

Stictodiscus Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 39. pl. 4, f. 1-4. 1861. Truan &
Witt, Diat. Hayti 18. pl. 5. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1313. 1874. Castr.
Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 112-116. 1886. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 506. f. 254. 1896.

Cyclotella Kitz. Sp. Alg. 20. 1849, in part.

Triceratium Ehrenb. in part; Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 76, pl. 9.
f. 9. 1861; 13: 104. pl. 8. f. 14. 1865.

Discoplea Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A. X XII. f. 6. 1854, in part.

Actinoptychus Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 12. 1854, in part.

Nothoceratium De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 915. 1894, in part.

All specimens of this genus having polygonal instead of circular form were put by

Greville and others in that unscientific complex, the genus Triceratium of Ehrenberg.

@ Proc. Acad. Phila. 239. 1865.
b Schmidt, Atlas po. 68. f. 3. 1881.

268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The matter of this confusion has been so extensively treated by Castracane @ that no
attempt to add to what is there said is necessary here. The subject will be referred
to in this report under the genus Trigonium. The present genus is in some instances
so close to Hemiptychus Ehrenb. that good definitions are hard to formulate.
Nevertheless the utility of the two genera is considerable, and their approach is not
close enough to merge this genus into that of Ehrenberg.

Stictodiscus buryanus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 40. pl. 4. f. 1-2. 1861.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 87. f. 1-2. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 131. f. 3. 1888. Truan
& Witt, Diat. Hayti 19. pl. 5. f. 1-8, 5-6, 15. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1313.
1894.
Stictodiscus hiittlingerianus Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 19. pl. 5. f. 11. 1888.

It is a question whether or not S, johnsonianus Grey. should be placed here as a
synonym. The chief distinction is the single lines of radiating beads in S. johnson-
ianus and the multiple lines of beading, especially near the border, in S. bury-
anus. This difference, as seen in Greville’s original figures and in plate 5 of Luard
and Witt is hardly adequate to keep these apart. There is even less excuse for mak-
ing a new species of S. hiittlingerianus on the trivial ground that the shadow lines at
the center of the valve do not anastomose.

Found at stations 2807, 3784, Galapagos Islands, and north of Aleutian Islands.

Stictodiscus gelidus Mann, sp. noy. PLate L, FIGURE 5.

Valves circular, almost flat; marked with very large flat disks, which, like the
interspaces, are smooth and shining; the largest, four to five in number, arranged
about the center of the valve in a ring, each disk being one-eighth the diameter of
the valve in width or fully 0.01 mm. wide, thence decreasing in size to the border of
the valve, where they are one-third as large; 12 to 18 radiating but irregular lines
proceeding from the border toward the center, but not reaching it, as is common in
this genus; at the center one smaller disk invariably perforated by a vermiform central
pore, larger above and narrowing inward to a fine point; rim narrow and hyaline.

Diameter of valve, 0.058 to 0.105 mm.

Type in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 590124, from station 4029H, Bering Sea,
June 27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

Stictodiscus johnsonianus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 9: 41. pl. 4.f. 8.
1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1314. 1894. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 20. pl. 5.
f. 4. 9, pl. 6. f. 16. 1888. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 37. f. 3. 1890.

Stictodiscus jeremianus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 116. 1886. Truan & Witt,
Diat. Hayti 20. pl. 5. f. 10, pl. 6. f. 2. 1888. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 131. f. 1. 1888.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1320. 1884. ,

Triceratium jeremianum Schmidt, Atlas pl. 75. f. 2-2a. 1882.

Stictodiscus truani Witt, in Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 19. pl. 4. f. 28-24. 1888.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 131. f. 2. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1317. 1894.

Stictodiscus caraibicus Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 20. pl. 5. f. 14. 1888. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1319. 1894.

Stictodiscus radiatus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 117. pl. 1. f. 1. 1886. De Toni,

Syll. Alg. 2: 1316. 1894.

In admitting a specific difference between this diatom and S. buryanus, chiefly on
the basis of the multiple character of the radial rows of beading in the latter and

aCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 112-116. 1886.
bCf. Arachnoidiscus barbadensis Schmidt, Atlas pl. 68. f. 11, with Stictodiseus hard-
manianus Grey. pl. 74. f. 8. and these two with Stictodiscus grovei Schmidt, pl. 147.

a 5- 4%

|
;
|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 269

incidentally on the anastomosing of the shadow lines near its center, we certainly
recognize a difference as small as is consistent with any distinction at all. There is
excuse for this in the fact that all members of this genus are closely allied and differ-
ences may be recognized to divide up the large number of its forms which elsewhere
would hardly serve that purpose. But having made this admission, there is nothing
left on which to base a distinction between Greville’s S. johnsonianus and those
quoted above as synonyms. T'riceratium jeremianum is simply a polygonal instead
of a circular specimen of the same diatom,@ and this divergence, being a most common
one in the genus, counts for nothing. So S. caraibicus has a few more beads than the
triangular examples of S. johnsonianus on the same plate. The ‘spiral arrangement ”’
of the beads in S. truant, its only distinction, is difficult to detect and of no worth
when detected. The figure of S. radiatus is almost as fine a copy of Greville’s original
figure of S. johnsonianus as could be asked for. Other forms might be added to the
above list, as their differences are of somewhat questionable weight; as S. pulchellus
Truan & Witt,® S. grunowi Truan & Witt,¢ S. afinis Castr.,¢ S. trigonus Castr.,¢
S. margaritaceus Castr./ A little further removed, solely by the character of the
border, is S. californicus Grev., together with a number of its synonyms.g

I have united a large number of circular and triangular specimens under this species,
mounted specimens of which accompany this report.

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2920H, 3008H, 3604, 4029H, Galapagos Islands, Hawai-
ian Islands.

Stictodiscus kittonianus Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 77. pl. 10. f. 2-3.

1861. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 4. f. 2-3. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 74. f. 16-18. 1882. De Toni,

Syll. Alg. 2: 1315. 1894.

This delicate form, not infrequent in the fossil deposits of Maryland and Virginia,
has been found on the Pacific slope only in the fossil beds of Monterey, California.
The specimen discovered by me came from Bering Sea, north of the Aleutian Islands.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

ACTINOPTYCHUS Ehrenb.

Actinoptychus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 400, 409. pl. 1. I. f. 27.
ITT. 22. 1843; Am. Journ. Sci. 46: 300. 1844.

Actinocyctus Ehrenb. in part; Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 45: pl. 2. f. 17. 1842.

Omphalopelta Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 270. 1845, in part. Castr. Rep.
Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 129. pl. 7. f. 2, 131. pl. 18. f. 9. 1886, in toto.

Heliopelta Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33. XVIII. f. 5. 1854. Johnst. Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sci. 8: 13, 18. 1860. Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 840. 1861.

Halionyx Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A. XXT. f. 12. 1854. Jan. Abh. Schl. Ges. Vaterl.
Cult. 18617: pl. 1. f. 1. 1861; 1862*: pl. 1a. f. 6. 1862.

Actinophaenia Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 16. 1854; Quart. Journ. Micr.
Sci. 8: 94. pl 6. f. 18. 1860.

Schuettia De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1395-96. 1894.

Closely allied to the above genus are Debya Pant., Anthodiscus Gr. & St., Lepido-

discus Witt, Actinodictyon Pant., Wittia Pant. They fall into H. L. Smith’s family

aGf..Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti pl. 5. f. 9. 1888.

6 Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 20. pl. 6. f. 5. 1888.
ep, cit, pt. 4. f. 25, pl. 5: f. 8, pl. 6. f. $2.

@ Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 119. pl. 7. f. 4. 1886.
€Op, cit. 122: pl, $1, f. 1.

fOp. cit. 120. pl. 17. f. 12.

gTrans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 79. pl. 10. f. 1. 1861.

270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

grouping Heliopelteae,¢ in which is also included Polymyxus Bail., a genus which I
think has closer affinity with Aulacodiseus (Ehrenb.) Ratt.

The original union of Actinoptychus and Actinocyclus by Ehrenberg and the sub-
sequent separation of the former by the creation of that genus in 1839 has been dis-
cussed under Actinocyclus. It may be well to quote here the original Ehrenberg
distinction between the two as it is given by J. W. Bailey. ‘ Under the new genus
Actinoptychus are now placed those species of the old genus Actinocyclus which pos-
sess internal partitions or folds, while under the old name are retained those in which
the external rays are not connected with internal folds.”’

Actinoptychus alternans Mann, sp. nov. PLatE XLV, FicuRE 1.
Valves circular; divided into 16 alternating segments, 8 of which bear each a
minute rounded process close to the margin, its base not surrounded by a hyaline
area; these segments evenly marked with minute rows of beads, parallel to the cen-
tral row or rows; that is, not radially arranged; number of rows per segment, 14 or 15;
the 8 segments alternating with these without processes, marked with much
larger beads regularly placed in diagonal parallel rows; inner ends of these segments
proceeding slightly farther toward the center than those bearing processes, and hence
giving a stellate appearance to the hyaline median area; the external ends of these
segments showing a narrow hyaline band next to the rim; rim narrow, hyaline.

Diameter of valve, 0.0357 to 0.0450 mm.

The general aspect issimilar to minute forms of A. vulgaris Schmidt and to A. laevi-
gatus Grun., forma parva.¢ It is also apparently like the rather obscure unnamed
figure @ which Grove rightly considers to be different from A. elegans Ralfs.

Type in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 590125, from station 4516H, Gulf of Cali-
fornia, December 22, 1904; 1,627 fathoms, bottom of volcanic sand, obsidian, and
fragments of Globigerina.

Also a variety of the above, in which the segments bearing processes are underlain
with secondary markings of coarse, bead-like dots irregularly disposed.

Found at stations 2690H, between California and the Hawaiian Islands, and 4516H
in the South Pacific.

Actinoptychus grundleri Schmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f. 22. 1875; pl. 90. f. 7, pl. 100. f. 3-4,
1886. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: pl. 12. f. 106. 1887.
My specimen differs from the type in that the hyaline spaces between the outer
extremities of the segments are not united by thin hyaline bands parallel to the margin.
Found at station 2835, off Lower California. i

Actinoptychus janischii Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 122. f. 6. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 158. f. 8-10. 21. 1890. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: pl. 16. f. 143. 1887. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1388. 1894.

Halionyx vicenarius Jan. Abh. Schles Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1862: 10. pl. 1. f. 2. 1862.

The above specific name of Janisch, though older than A. janischii, was preempted
by Actinoptychus vicenarius Ehrenb.,é a decidedly different diatom, without processes
and having no hyaline lines bisecting the segments.

Found at station 2823.

a The Lens 1: 8, 17. 1872.

b Am. Journ. Sci. 46: 300. 1844.

¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 732. f. 15. 1890.

@ Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 1538. f. 4. 1890.

¢ Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 410. 1843. Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 28.
1854.

4
7
4
)
;
]
»

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 271

Actinoptychus mdlleri Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas p/. 132. f. 8-9. 1888; pl. 154. f. 5. 1890.
In our specimens the central area is formed into a strong hyaline star by the exten-
sion of the ends of the undulating segments.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Actinoptychus planus Mann, sp. nov. : PLATE XLV, FIGURE 2.

Valves circular, divided into six segments of equal size and identical markings,
their surfaces lying nearly in one plane; three bearing each a minute globular proc-
ess, set on the extreme outer margin of the valve, the alternating three showing obscure
rudiments of such processes; markings of minute beading closely placed, not in per-
fect rows, but so arranged as to give a faintly blotched or wavy appearance to the
surface; no hyaline bands at the outer margins of the segments, but their outer cor-
ners separated by small triangular hyaline areas, the extremities of the six lines of
division; central area unusually small, circular, hyaline; rim a mere line, apparently
smooth.

Diameter of valve, 0.0525 mm.

Type in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 590126, from station 4029H, Bering Sea,
June 27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

Actinoptychus punctulatus Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 62. pl. 8. f. 60. 1887. De
Toni, Notarisia 3: 608. 1888; Syll. Alg. 2: 1374. 1894.
Actinoptychus intermedius Schmidt, Atlas pl. 91. f. 3 (not f. 2), pl. 109. f. 12. 1886.

As is pointed out by De Toni@, Schmidt has included under his name intermedius
two quite distinct forms. That represented by figure 2 in plate 91 should be taken
as type; the other (fig. 3), agreeing with Pantocsek’s species, should be placed here.

Found at stations 2807, Galapagos Islands, and 2920H and 3013H, between Cali-
fornia and Hawaii.

Actinoptycbus radulus Mann, sp. nov. PuaTE XLV, FIGURE 3.

Valve circular; divided into 6 equal segments, each bearing a stout, rounded proc-
ess, arising close to the rim and protruding slightly beyond it, its base surrounded by
a small oval or cuneiform, hyaline space which narrows inward to a thin line running
to the center of the valve, thus bisecting the segment; markings of minute beads
regularly arranged in diagonal cross lines; each segment slightly wider at the outer
margin than its length radially, thereby leaving an unusually large hyaline central
area; rim narrow, finely crossed with lines and bearing blunt, stout teeth closely set,
giving to the outer edge a serrate appearance; the segments alternately slightly con-
cave and convex, as in many other species.

Diameter of valve, 0.078 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590127, from station 2920H, between Cali-
fornia and Hawaii, November 21, 1891; 570 fathoms, bottom of brown mud and fine
sand.

Actinoptychus splendens (Shadb.) Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 840. 1861. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 119. f. 1-2, 4. 1881. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 63. pl. 16.
f. 140.1887. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1385. 1894. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 153. f. 3, 16-17.
Actinophaenia splendens Shadb.® in Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sei. 8: 94. pl. 6. f. 18.
1860. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 29. f. 18. 1890.
Halionyx undenarius Ehrenb. and H. bisenarius Ehrenb. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl.
Cult. 18612: pl. 1. f. 1. 1861; 18627: pl. 1A. f. 6. 1862.

aSyll. Alg. 2: 1374. 1894.

bThis name was originally published by Shadbolt in Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s.
2: 16. 1854. The description is insufficient for a determination, but Brightwell’s
identification may be correct, inasmuch as he was a contemporary worker and may
have seen authentic material.

272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Actinoptychus halionyx Gran. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 25. 1870. |

Actinoptychus glabratus Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 120. f. 6. 1881. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 140. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1387. 1894. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 1538. |
f. 7. 12, pl. 154. f. 2-4. 1890. .

Found at stations 2851, off the coast of Alaska; 2885, off the coast of Oregon, and
2920H, between California and Hawaii.

Actinoptychus undulatus (Bail.) Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 839. pl. 5. f. 88.
I861. Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere pl. 3. f. 29-30. 1874. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 1. f. 1-6. 1875. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 22bis. f. 14, pl. 122. f. 1-4. 1881.
Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 109. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1372. 1894. |

Actinocyclus undulatus Bail. Amer. Journ. Sci, 42: pl. 2. f. 11. 1842. Kiitz. Bacill. |
132. pl. 1. f. 24. 1844. |

Omphalopelta areolata Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 270. 1845; Mikrog. |
pl. 835A. X VIII. f. 2, pl. 33. XIII. f. 17. 1854. Pritch Hist. Infus. ed. 4, 841.
pl. 8. f. 15. 1861. Griff. & Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 43. f. 53. 1875. |

Actinoptychus omphalopelta Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 25. 1870.

Actinoptychus biternarius Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. P-.. 18438: 166. 1844; Mikrog.
pl. 883A. X VI. f. 1, pl. 18. f. 20. 1854.

There is some doubt about the identification of many forms in Ehrenberg’s works,
especially in his Mikrogeologie, bearing a close resemblance to this species. It seems
to me unwise to load the synonymy with names assigned by him to forms the exact
character of which it is now impossible to discover. Those given above are probably
specimens of this species. It is a question whether A. senarius Ehrenb.@ and A.
sedenarius Ehrenb.? belong here or under A. splendens (Shadb.) Ralfs. If their char-
acter could be clearly determined their assignment to either of these species would
call for a change of the specific name. I look upon the question as far too obscure to

warrant such a change.

Many wide varieties of this species were found in these investigations. Those from
station 2823 have the marginal processes on alternating segments, and so protruded
beyond the usual marginal curve as to give the valve an angular form. A variety
from station 2807 approaches close to A. trifurcatus Temp. & Br.¢

Found at stations 2807, 2823, 2835, 2848, 2851, 2859, 2860, 2882, 3346, 3603, 3604,
3671, 3691H, 3694H, 3712H, 4013H, 4014H, 4029H, 4585H, Galapagos Islands to |
Bering Sea, and off Honshu Island, Japan.

At station 3604 in the Bering Sea occurs the variety called ‘‘monterey’’ by
Schmidt.¢

ASTEROLAMPRA Ehrenb.

Asterolampra Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 73, 76. 1845. Grev. Trans.
Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 108. 1860. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 641. 1889.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1397. 1894.

Asteromphalus Ehrenb. in part; Wall. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 47. pl. 2. f.
13. 1860. Grev. Trans. Micr. Soe. Lond. 8: 121. pl. 4. f. 19. 1860.

Craspedodiscus Ehrenb. in part; Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sei. 8: 95. pl. 5. f. 7.
1860. Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 832. 1861.

@Ehrenb. Infus. pl. 21. f. 6. 18388; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1839: pl. 4.
f. 1a-e. 1841. ’

b> Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1839: pl. 4. f. 2. 1841; Mikrog. pl. 33. XV. f. 4. —
4. 1854.

¢ Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°: pl. 7. f. 2. 1889.

d Atlas pl. 1. f. 6. 1875. ;

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. ve

This genus and the next, Asteromphalus, form together a group sharply defined
from all other disciform diatoms. The two genera are easily distinguished from each
other by the fact that in Asteromphalus one of the radiating limbs is not symmetrical
with the rest, but much narrower, and at its inner extremity, where it goes to make
up the central rosette of segments, it is generally not as the rest are, i. e., wedge-shaped
and terminating at the center, but is either club-shaped and extended beyond the
center or rectangular and not reaching the center, or if it happen to be wedge-shaped
it is smaller and narrower than the other segments. Although this asymmetry of one
radiating limb in Asteromphalus is very constant in its many species, if is a rather
inadequate basis for separating into two genera forms that are otherwise so much alike
and are so different from all other diatoms. But for convenience of classification it is
certainly advantageous to leave them as they are. The genera Rylandsia Grev.,
Truania Pant., Bergonia Brun, Stelladiscus Ratt., and Asterodiscus Johnst. are the
nearest forms to the two above-named genera.

Asterolampra marylandica Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 76. f. 10. 1845.
Bail. Amer. Journ. Sci. 48: pl. 4. f. B. 1845. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8:
94. pl. 5. f. 3. 1860. Wallich, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 8: 47. pl. 2. f. 14-15.
1860. Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 836. pl. 11. f. 33.1861. Moeb. Diat.-taf.
pl. 82. f. 1-4. 1890. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 19. f. 5. 1875. Grev.
Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 108. pl. 3. f. 1-4. 1860; 10: 44. pl. 7. f. 1-3.
1862. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 193. 1889.
Asterolampra septenarius Johns. Amer. Journ. Sei. IL. 18: 33. 1852.
Asterolampra impar Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 17. pl. 1. f. 14. 1854.
Asterolampra hexactis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 1-2.
1873.
Asterolampra pelagica Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 238. 1855?; Phys.
Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 232. pl. 6. f. 4. 18438.
Found at stations 2807, 2920H, 2923, Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian Islands, and off
southern California.
ASTEROMPHALUS Ehrenb.

Asteromphalus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 198, 200. 1845; Mikrog.
pl. 385A. X XI. f. 3.1854. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 206. 1889. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1409. 1894.

Spatangidium Breb. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2: 294-7. pl. 3. f. 3. ‘

Actinogramma Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 255, 392. pl. 9. f. 3-6.
1873. .

Mesasterias Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 7. 1873.

Asterolampra Ehrenb. in part; Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8
4. f. 15-18. 1860.

The genera nearest to this are the same as are enumerated under Asterolampra,
where also the close similarity of these two genera is discussed. Greville misplaced
nearly all his examples of this genus in Asterolampra.

Asteromphalus arachne (Breb.) Ralfsin Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 837. pl. 5. f. 66.
1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 3-4. 1876. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult.
1862?: 14, pl. 1A. f. 13, pl. 2B. f. 16. i862. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16:
665. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1417. 1894.

Spatangidium arachne Breb. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2: 296. pl. 3. f. 1. 1857.

Asterolampra arachne Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 123. 1860.

Asteromphalus malleus Wall. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 47. pl. 2. f. 11. 1860.

Asteromphalus malleformis Wall. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: pl. 2. f. 11. expl.
1860.

274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

There is a close resemblance between the above and A. wallichianus (Grev.) Ralfs,4
which has been figured as Asterolampra wallichiana Grey.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Asteromphalus beaumontii Mhrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 200.1845. Jan.;
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 6-7. (not f. 5). 1876. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3.
pl. 18. f. 15, 1875. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 658. 1889. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1412. 1894.

Asteromphalus ralfsianus Grun. err, det. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 6-7 (not f. 5). 1876.

Much confusion exists between this species and A. heptactis (Breb.) Ralfs. The
latter, under its synonymous name A. ralfsianus (Norm.) Grun., is figured by Schmidt ¢
and united with figures 6 and 7 of the same plate, which should be assigned to this
species. Janisch, in a note to these figures, points out this fact. De Tonié groups all
these figures of Schmidt under A. heptactis (Breb.) Ralis. The specimens found at
station 2860 approach varieties of A. hookeru Ehrenb. as figured under its synonym

A. humboldtii Ehrenb.,e and also A. variabilis (Grey.) Ratt. as figured under its

synonym Asterolampra variabilis Grey./ and are, further, rather close to what Brun &

Tempére have named A. senectus.9

Found at stations 2859, 2860, 3346, 3607, 4029H, off Washington to Bering Sea.

Asteromphalus brookei Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 22: 2. pl. 1. f. 2. 1856; Schmidt, |
Atlas pl. 38. f. 21-23. 1876. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 837. pl. 5. f. 79. 1861. .
Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1": 10. 1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1412. |
1894.

Asterolampra brookei Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 119. pl. 4. f. 18. 1860.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 33. f. 18. 1890.
Actinogramma brooke: Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 257. 1873.
Found at stations 3361, 3604, 3607, 3635H, 3693H, 4029H, off Panama and in Bering
and Okhotsk seas. At station 3604 this species is remarkably abundant.

Asteromphalus elegans Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 161. pl. 7. /. 6.1859. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 837..pl. 5. f. 87. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 1-2. 1876.
Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 212. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1413. 1894.

. Asterolampra elegans Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 118. pl. 4. f. 16. 1860.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 33. f. 16. 1890.

Actinogramma jupiter Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 8.
1873.

Actinogramma venus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 4.
1873.

Actinogramma saturnus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 5.
1873. .

Actinogramma sol Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 6. 1873.

Asteromphalus wyvillii Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 134. pl. 5. f. 6. 1886. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1418. 1894.

Schmidt incorrectly attributes this name to Ralfs.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

aPritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 837. 1861.

b Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: pl. 4. f. 11. 1860. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 33. f. 11.
1890.

¢ Atlas pl. 38. f. 5. 1876.

d Syll. Alg. 2: 1416. 1894.

e Mikrog. pl. 835A. XX J. f. 3. 1854.

J Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: pi. 8. f. 6-8. 1860.

g Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°: 17. pl. 3. f. 2. 1889 (ef. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 202. f. 17. 1896.)

OT ae -

forms.
rather oval than circular, similar to Ralfs’s figure cited above, but with the part bisected
by the narrow limb flattened to nearly a straight line and showing a fold in the valve
on the left of this limb. This contorted phase is perfectly uniform in these gatherings.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 975

Asteromphalus flabellatus (Breb.) Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 160 pl. 7./. 4-5.

1859. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 21. f. 4-5. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 10-12. 1876.
Van Heur. Synop. pl. 127. f. 5-6. 1881. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl.Cult. 1862?:
13. pl. 2B. f. 23. 1862. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 622. 1889. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1414. 1894.

Spatangidium flabellatum Breb. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2: 297. pl. 3. f. 3. 1857.
Spatangidium peltatum Breb. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2: 298. pl. 3. f. 4. 1857.

Asterolampra flabellata Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 116. 1860.

Found at stations 2807, 3698, Galapagos Islands and off Honshuh Island, Japan.

Asteromphalus heptactis (Breb.) Rallis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 838. ol..8. f.

21.1861. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 664. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
1416. 1894.
Spatangidium heptactis Breb. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2: 296. pl. 3. f. 2, 1857.
Spatangidium ralfsianum Norm. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 161. pl. 7. f. 7-8. 1859.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 21. f. 7-8. 1890.
Asterolampra heptactis Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 122. 1860.
Asteromphalus ralfsianus Grun. in Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 5 (not f. 6-8). 1876.

As is stated under A. beawmontii Ehrenb., much confusion exists between these two
A variety is found abundantly at stations 4505H and 4516H, having the valves

Found at stations 2807, 2923, 3604, 4505H, 4516H, Galapagos Islands to Bering Sea.

Asteromphalus hiltonianus (Grey.) Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 837. 1861.

Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 661. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1414. 1894.
Asterolampra hiltoniana Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 8: 117. pl. 4. f. 15. 1860.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 33. f. 15. 1890. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 491. 1878.

I have not placed the above as asynonym of A. elegans Grev., but the two are enough

alike to raise the question of uniting them. I find both in some abundance in the

‘same dredging, station 2807, and the distinguishing between the two has been a rather
arbitrary one on my part.
one, A. elegans.

It may be found best to place this species under the older

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Island.

Asteromphalus hookerii Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 200. /. 3. 1845;

Mikrog. pl. 835A. XXI. f. 2. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4, 836. pl. 11. f.
84.1861. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 656. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
1410. 1894. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 81. pl. 19. f. 2. 1875.

Asteromphalus buchii Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 200. f. 4. 1845.

Asteromphalus cuvierti Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 200. /f. 7. 1845;
Mikrog. pl. 35A. XXJ. f. 1. 1854. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18622:
160. pl. 2B. f. 21. 1862.

Asteromphalus humboldtii Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 200. f. 6. 1845;
Mikrog. pl. 35A. XXJ. f. 3. 1854. Jan. & Rabh. in Rabh. Beitr. 1: [4. pl. 3.
f. 11] 1863. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38, f. 18-20. 1876.

Asterolampra hookerit Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 114. 1860.

Ehrenberg’s habit of giving separate names to specimens of the same species differ-

ing in the number of arms or divisions is responsible for the three synonyms cited
above, A. hookerii having six rays, A. buchii seven rays, A. humboldtii eight rays, and
A, cuvierti nine rays.

Found at station 3635H, Bering Sea.

276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Asteromphalus nanus Mann, sp. nov. ~Piatre XLV, Fiaure 4.

Valves circular, the central hyaline area or rosette unequally divided into five
wedge-shaped segments by straight or slightly curved partitions, having neither forks
nor angular breaks, the focus of the five segments being not in the center of the valve,
but slightly nearer the side bearing the narrow limb; the wedge-shaped segment of
the narrow limb smallest, constituting about 12 per cent of the central area, the two
on either side larger, each about 20 per cent of the area and the remaining two largest,
about 24 per cent; narrow limb sharply bent to the left, dividing the beaded com-
partments on either side of it into two unequal portions; of the four remaining limbs
one or two slightly curved; all four stout, expanded at the ends and bearing a minute
circular process at the extremity; all five limbs reaching to within one row of beading
of the margin; beading fine, decreasing toward the margin; approximately regular,
the slight deviation from regularity being repeated exactly in each of the pairs of
compartments to the right and left of the narrow limb. The species is very abundant
in the one sounding where it was discovered and is constant to its type.

Diameter of valve 0.04 to 0.06 mm.; rows of beading 13 to 15 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590128, from station 4029H, Bering Sea,
June 27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

The nearest form to this is A. debyi Pant.@ It differs from the latter in the character
of the beading and in the absence of septae joining the dividing lines of the wedge-
shaped segments of the central rosette.

Asteromphalus roperianus (Grey.) Ralfs. in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 838. 1861.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 38. f. 15. 1876. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 657. 1889.
Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 133. pl. 5. f. 3. 1886. Schultze, Bull. Torr. Club
14: 96. 1887. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1411. 1894.

Asterolampra roperiana Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 119. pl. 4. f. 14. 1860.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 33. f. 14. 1890.

Mesasterias abyssi Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 392. pl. 9. f. 7.
1873.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Asteromphalus shadboltianus (Grey.) Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 838. 1861.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 88. f. 17. 1876; pl. 137. f. 26. 1889. Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Edinb. 16: 656. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1411. 1894.

Asterolampra shadboltiana Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 121. pl. 4. f. 19.
1860. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 33. f. 19. 1890.

Found at stations 2919, 2920H, 3688H, near Hawaiian Islands and in Okhotsk Sea.

Asteromphalus van heurckii Mann, sp. nov. PLATE XLY, Figure 5.

Valve circular, scarcely convex, extremely delicate and translucent; radiating
limbs 12; central hyaline area or rosette large, divided somewhat unequally into 12
wedge-shaped segments by tortuous partitions, the segment belonging to the narrow
limb alone reaching the center of the valve and narrower than the rest; limbs straight,
slender, terminating at the margin of the valve in suddenly enlarged extremities,
bearing a minute process; margin narrow but evidently striated; markings of the 12
external wedge-shaped compartments very delicate, appearing under magnifications
of 200 to 250 diameters to consist of delicate parallel lines concentric with the periphery
of the valve, but under the highest magnification resolved into fine moniliform striae,
those nearest the periphery alone parallel to it, those nearer the center becoming
curved in the opposite direction—that is, with the convexity inward—the striae
slightly wider apart than the width of the beading; the beading next to the limbs
separating the compartments and bordering the internal convex ends of the com-
partments double the size of the rest of the beading, forming a single row of large

@ Beitr, Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 21. f. 305. 1893.

7
s
:

.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. Ue i |
beads around the outer edge of each compartment. Under low magnifications these
bordering rows are alone visible, the rest of the compartments appearing to be hyaline.

Diameter of valve 0.088 mm.; striae 112 to 119 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U. 8, National Museum, No. 590129, from station 2923, off southern
California, January 19, 1889; 822 fathoms, bottom of green mud.

I have named this fine species as above, not only because of my high regard for
Dr. Henri Van Heurck, but also on account of its general resemblance to Asterolampra
van heurckii Brun.

Asteromphalus variabilis (Grev.) Ratt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 16: 655. 1889. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1410. 1894.
Usterclampra variabilis Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 111. pl. 3. f. 6-8. 1860.

My specimen is a rather doubtful example of the above species, and, it should be
added, the species itself is open to some question. The figures of Greville in the above
citation are too incomplete as to the nature of the limbs and especially as to the
character of the markings to make it certain that figures 7 and 8 are not both gener-
ically and specifically different from figure 6, their general aspect being that of Astero-
lampra, as Greville has of course named them. ‘There is no question about figure 6
being an Asteromphalus; and Rattray is probably justified in putting this variable dia-
tom under the above name. My form lends confirmation to this view, the segment of
the central area belonging to the narrow limb, being, as in figure 6, wedge-shaped and
the valve having all the characteristics of this genus. Its size, also, and the fineness
of its striation correspond exactly with those data as given by Rattray.

Diameter of valve 0.113 mm.; striae 5 to 8 in 0.01 mm.

Found at station 4029H, Basne Sea.

TRIPODISCUS Ehrenb.

Tripodiscus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 130, 159. pl. 3. f. 6a-e.
1841.

Tetrapodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss Berl. 1848: 166. 1844. Kitz. Bacill. 136.
pl. 1. f. 6. 1844.

Pentapodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 166. 1844.

. Podiscus Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 46: 137. pl. 3. f. 1-2. 1844.

Eupodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 73. 1845, in part.

Aulacodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 73. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 47.
1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 843. pl. 6. f. 4-5. 1861. Char. Emend. Ratt.
Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8: 337. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1091. 1894.

The name Tripodiscus is clearly prior to the generally accepted name Aulacodiscus.
It is an unfortunate name, as it applies strictly to only those specimens that have the
accidental number of three processes, whereas nine-tenths of the members of the
genus have from four to twenty processes. But the descriptive exactness of a name
can be no criterion of its claim in taxonomy. It is, however, genuinely unfortunate
that this inapt name must, according to existing rules, supplant the better and gener-
ally known name Aulacodiscus. Tripodiscus is clearly defined as a genus ® and its
type species, 7. argus,¢ is equally definite and is unmistakably figured. On the plate
it is called JT. germanicus, but the reference to it on page 159 gives preference to 7.
argus. Bailey’s name, Podiscus, is better than either of the foregoing, so far as aptness
is concerned. The species 7. argus, generally known as Eupodiscus argus Ehrenb.,
is hardly characteristic of the genus, as on account of its imperfectly radiating areola-
tion and its double markings it represents, together with 7. (Aulacodiscus) rogersii

aMem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31': 19. pl. 14. f. 1. 1891.
b Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839; 130. 1841.
¢Op. cit. 159. pl. 3. f. 6a-c,

278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Bail., and 7. (Aulacodiscus) thumii Schmidt, a somewhat aberrant phase of the genus,
for most members of the genus have simple beading for markings, radially arranged,
with a more or less pronounced hyaline central area from which hyaline lines run
to the bases of the intermarginal processes. Indeed, Eupodiscus of Ehrenb, (not of
Ratt.) came to represent just the aberrant phase of 7. argus. But the differences are
neither constant nor striking enough to warrant a separate genus, and Rattray, Schmidt,
and others, have done rightly in uniting these with those generally called Aulacodiscus.
Rattray has unwisely retained the name Eupodiscus for a group of diatoms having
none of the characteristics of Ehrenberg’s forms, nor containing a single species so
named by him, namely, species with from one to four processes that are not protuberant
horns, but more of the nature of the ‘‘ocelli” in the genus Auliscus or of the pseudo-
nodule in Actinocyclus. The genus so framed is of doubtful value, and if it be needed,
those of its members which can not be referred to Auliscus (where most of them belong)
would be better placed under an entirely new generic title, rather than under the mis-
leading name Eupodiscus. Eupodiscus Ratt. (not Ehrenb.) is therefore left out of
the above synonymy.¢@

Tripodiscus affinis (Grun.) Mann.
Aulacodiscus affinis Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 1. 34. f. 9-10. 1876. Ratt. Journ. Roy.
Micr. Soc. 8': 359% De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1110. 1894.
Aulacodiscus chasei Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 57. pl. 29. f. 294. 1886.
Aulacodiscus oregonus sparsius-punctata Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 107. f. 6, 7 (figure
unnamed). 1886.

Rattray includes in this species the unnamed figure of Schmidt’s noted in the last
synonym as well as Grunow’s subspecies of A. oregonus Bail. I think this union is
justified. But there seems to me more uncertainty about placing here the type and
varieties of A. lunyacsekii Pant.b However, there is a similarity between these and
the above, and indeed between all these and A. oregonus Bail.

Found at Station 3604H, off British Columbia.

Tripodiscus beringensis Mann. Prate L, ricure 6.

Valve circular, strongly marked with coarse beads, becoming smaller only near the
margin; processes nine, submarginal; from the base of each a hyaline rectangular
space, two rows of beads wide, extending radially inward for about one-fifth the
radius, from this point a single row of beads running to the small circular central area,
this inclosed by a ring formed of the nine terminal beads of these rows; the segments
subtended by these nine radial rows set with beads of equal size in parallel lines, only
the central one in each segment being, therefore, radial.

Diameter of valve 0.063 mm.; beads 64 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 590130, from Station 4029H, Bering Sea,
June 27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

Tripodiscus concentricus Mann, sp. nov. Pirate LIV, ricures 1, 2.

Valve circular, nearly flat for one-half the radius, thence moderately and evenly
convex to the margin; marking of large beads, of uniform size until within one-fifth a
radius lengthof the margin, then of smaller beading, so placed as to form a single spiral
about the minute hyaline center, thence passing into a series of strictly concentric
circles and the component beads of each circle so arranged as to form with those in the
other circles perfectly radial rows, the beads set slightly closer in the concentric circles
than in the radiating rows; at the distance of one-half a radius from the center, where
the valve becomes convex to the margin, the two concentric circles of beads a trifle

aCf. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 87: 900. 1888.
> Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 59. pl. 1. f. 2, pl. 2. f. 9-10, pl. 25. f. 225-229. 1886,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 279

farther apart than elsewhere, giving to the interspace the appearance of a bright nar-
row ring; processes two or three, stout, spherical, placed at about one-sixth a radius
from the margin; the base of each surrounded by a small hyaline area, from which an
obscure hyaline line extends to the center; border very narrow, minutely beaded.

Diameter of valve 0.065 to 0.133 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590131, from station 4505H, Santa Cruz
Light-house, Monterey Bay, Cal., 1904; 10 fathoms.

The concentric beading of this species reminds one of A. brownii Norm., though it
is much more pronounced here. The species differs from A. brown in the convexity
of the valve, the character of the processes, the border, etc. The latter is also a much
more delicate species than this massive one.

Although Rattray has used the above specific name for an Actinocyclus, I have
applied it here because it is so aptly descriptive of this diatom’s most striking
characteristic.

Tripodiscus cosmiodiscus Mann, sp. noy. Puate LIV, ricure 4.

Valve circular, nearly flat, beaded; beading minute, closely and evenly set in
radiating lines, except where these lines are slightly bowed around the twelve some-
what protuberant portions of the valve bearing the twelve processes; no hyaline cen-
tral area; margin obscure; each of the twelve processes consisting of a prolongation of
a single row of beads, this within one-sixth a radius of the margin becoming a narrow
hyaline ridge crowning the twelve slightly protuberant portions of the valve and ter-
minating in an exceedingly small but evidently spherical process. Aspect of the
valve somewhat like Greville’s Cosmiodiscus barbadensis.@

Diameter of valve, 0.095 mm.; beads 130 to 135 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590132, from station 4029H, Bering Sea, June
27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

Tripodiscus kinkeri (Schmidt) Mann.
Aulacodiscus kinkeri Schmidt, Atlas pl. 106. f. 4-5. 1886.
Aulacodiscus margaritaceus kinkeri Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8': 352. 1888.

The dominant form of the present genus is probably to be seen in A. margaritaceus
Ralfs; and under that specific name Rattray has grouped a host of forms considered
as separate species by other authors.” This condensation was much needed, and has
been well done. But in a few instances it seems to have been carried too far. The
above case is an example. Schmidt’s species has a strong general resemblance to
both A.-margaritaceus Ralfs and A. crux Ehrenb.; but I think to make it a variety
is hardly justified. Schmidt's form is a far flatterspecimen than Ralfs’s species. As
the difference between varieties and species is practically a thing of personal opinion,
the recognition of Schmidt's species is simply an expression of the fact that I look upon
it as a justified expedient for distinguishing between this form and others that are
called A. margaritaceus Ralfs. It may not be out of place here to add that the multi-
plication of named varieties is, I think, to be avoided wherever possible. As a rule
if a new form is so different from an already existing species as to require taxonomic
recognition, it is safe to look upon it as a new species. The gradations of the diatoms
are almost limitless, and named varieties can be multiplied ad libitum. In this
work I have omitted these whenever possible and have added none to the list myself.
The remarks on this subject by Rey. William Smith¢ are worthy of consideration.
Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

@Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 79. pl. 8. f. 12. 1866.
b Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8': 351. 1888.
¢ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 3: 1380-135. 1855,

31713—VvoL 10, pr 5—OT——d

280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Tripodiscus laxus Mann, sp. nov. Priate LIV, ricure 3.

Valve circular; barely concave to the bases of the processes, thence rapidly convex
to the border; processes five, auriculate, placed one-sixth of aradius from the border,
their bases surrounded by evident hyaline areas; central area circular, slightly rugose,
one-tenth of a radius in diameter; beading all of one size; that is, not decreasing toward
the border; the rows radial and straight except at the bases of the processes, where one
row on each side is curved about the base; both primary and secondary rows set wide
apart with large interspaces, at least the width of two beads, generally of four beads,
giving a loose and open appearance to the valve; border narrow, closely set with
delicate beads.

Diameter of valve, 0.076 mm.; beads 45 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U. 8S. National Museum, No. 590133, from station 4029H, Bering Sea, June
27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

The nearest approach to the above is the unnamed figure of Schmidt’s,¢ which may
be a variety of this species. Both bear some resemblance to A. kilkellyanus Grev.,»
but the processes, the border, and the radially decreasing beading of Greville’s diatom
clearly distinguish it from this.

Tripodiscus margaritaceus (Ralfs) Mann.

Aulacodiscus margaritaceus Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 844. 1861. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 37.-f. 4-7. 1876; pl. 92. f. 12. 1886; pl. 104. f. 6-8, pl. 105. f. 1-2, 4. 1886.
Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr: Soc. 8!: 351-353. pl. 6. f. 3. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
1101. 1894.

Aulacodiscus crux Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 35 A. X VJ. f. 2. 1854, in part. Grun. Denk-
schr. Akad. Wien 487: 69. 1884. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 33. f. 1-2. 1876; pl. 102.
f. 4. 1886.

Aulacodiscus mélleri Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 33. f. 14, pl. 35. f. 6, pl. 37.f. 8,
pl. 41. f. 12. 1876; pl. 102. f. 1-2, 13. 1886.

Aylacodiscus debyi Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 58. pl. 25. f. 226. 1886.

Aulacodiscus n. sp.? Schmidt, Atlas pl. 37. f. 1-8. 1876.

Rattray? has named many varieties of this species. The one he calls variety
elongata Schmidt thinks should be a separate species. (See last synonym above.)
Rattray’s view is to be preferred.

Found at station 2823, Gulf of California.

Tripodiscus oregonus (Harv. & Bail.) Mann.

Aulacodiscus oregonus Hary. & Bail. Proc. Acad. Phila. 6: 430. 1854. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 845. pl. 6. f. 4. 1861. Grey. Quart. Journ: Micr, Sei. 7: 156. pl.
7. f. 2. 1859. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 21. f. 2. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 34. f. 4-6.

1876; pl. 107. f. 6-7. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 8': 358. 1888. De Toni,

Syll. Alg. 2: 1109. 1894.

Aulacodiscus oregonensis Bail. & Hary. in Wilkes U. 8. Explor. Exped. 17: 176. 1874.

Found at station 2835, off Lower California.

Tripodiscus orientalis (Grev.) Mann.
Aulacodiscus orientalis Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 12: 12. pl. 2. f. 6. 1864.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 34. f. 1-3. 1876. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 103.
1870. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8': 361. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1111.
1894.
Found at station 3688, Paumotu Islands.

aSchmidt, Atlas pl. 105. f. 8. 1886.
b Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 70. pl. 4. f. 14. 1863.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. Prot |

™ipodiscus radiosus ((ir. & St.) Mann.
Aulacodiscus radiosus Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Mier. Club I]. 3: 140. pl. 12. f. 33. 1887.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 157. f. 1. 1890. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8': 350. 1888.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1101. 1894. De Toni, Notarisia 466. 1888.
~The original figure cited above is so bad as to mislead identification; but the descrip-
tion is clear; it agrees well with Schmidt’s illustration. It is a diatom of exceptional
beauty.
Found at station 2808, Galapagos Islands.

Tripodiscus rogersii (Bail.) Mann.

Podiscus rogersii Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 46: 137. pl. 3. f. 1-2. 1844. Ehrenb. Ber.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 81. 1845.

Eupodiscus rogersti Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 81. 1845. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 92. f. 5-6. 1886.

Eupodiscus baileyi Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 81. 1845,

Aulacodiscus rogersii Schmidt, Atlas pl. 107. f. 3. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr.
Soc. 8': 372. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1121. 1894.

Avlacodiscus areolatus O’Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 18: 104. 1878.

Aulacodiscus thumivi Schmidt, Atlas pl. 102. f. 8. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc.
8': 374. 1888.

The above enumerated diatoms are close to 7. argus, and form with it a group some-
what distinct from other members of the genus, especially in the matter of the double
marked areolation.

Found at stations 2823, 2835, Gulf of California and off Lower California.

Tripodiscus scaber (Ralfs) Mann.

Aulacodiscus scaber Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 844. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 33. f. 4-8. 1876. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8!: 353. 1888.

Aulacodiscus crux Ehrenb. in part; Hab. Cat. 57. 1877. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges.
Vaterl. Cult. 18617: 161. pl. 2. f. 1-3. 1861; 18627: pl. 1A. f. 12. 1862.

Aulacodiscus ternatus Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1861": 161. pl. 2. f. 4. 1861.

Aulacodiscus beeveriae Johnst.? Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 844. pl. 6. f. 5. 1861.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 36. f. 12. 1876.

There is a possible doubt about the last-named synonym, though I do not see how
it can be maintained as the name of aseparate species. Strictly type forms of the
present species occur in the latter of the two stations following.

Found at stations 2807, 2835, Galapagos Islands and off Lower California.

Tripodiscus tripartitus (Br. & Temp.) Mann.

Aulacodiscus tripartitus Br. & Temp. Mem. Soc. Phys. et. Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:
21. pl. 4. f. 3. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 169. f. 8, 9. 1892. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
1106. 1894.

I assign my specimen to this species with considerable doubt. It agrees well with
Schmidt’s figures, but these and my form are somewhat different from the type as
described and figured by its authors, especially in the absence of the inner triangular
line of spines or granulations connecting the bases of the three processes.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

AULISCUS Ehrenb.

Auliscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 270. 1844. Bail. Smithson. Contr.
Knowl. 7: 4. 1854. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8°: 861-900. 1888. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1025. 1894.

Mastodiscus Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 4. 1854, no species given.

Coscinodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 271. 1844, in part.

282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Eupodiscus Ehrenb. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 25. pl. 4.f. 39. 1853.
Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 94. pl. 5. f. 3. 1860.
Pseudoauliscus Leud.-Fort. in part; Grey. Trans. Mic. Soc. Lond. n. 8. 11: 74. pl...
Sf. 23. 1863.
Cerataulus Ehrenb. in part; Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1861*; 15. pl. 1.
Jf. 6. 1861.

Auliscus caelatus Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 6. pl. 1. f. 8-4. 1854. Grey.
Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 44. pl. 2. f. 4-7. 1863. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 50. f.
4-7. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 32. f. 12-20, 23-26. 1875; pl. 67. f. 11-13. 1881; pl.
204. f. 21. 1896. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 57. pl. 19. f. 173; pl. 28. f. 279. 1886.
Ratt. Journ. Roy, Micr. Soc. 8*: 885-888. pl. 15. f. 5-9, pl. 16. f. 3, 6. 1888. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 845. 1861. Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuce 63. pl. 7.
f. 68. 1879. Wolle, Diat..N. A. pl. 89. f. 6, 9-10. 1890. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat.
Typ. 54. 1874. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1049. 1894.

Auliscus smithii Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18617: 163. pl. 2. f. 9. 1861.

Auliscus gregorti Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1861: 163. pl. 2. f. 12. 1861.

Auliscus sculptus Ralfs, in part; Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieue pl. 7.

f. 66-67. 1879.

This species exhibits more variability in its markings than most other members of |
Auliscus, a genus which I think shows a greater elasticity in this respect than any
other. This has created a strong temptation to multiply named and accredited varie-
ties, so that the species is quite confused with them. De Toni@ enumerates fifteen
such, of which Rattray is the author of eight. Did the present writer favor this
method of extending nomenclature he could greatly enlarge this list out of the large
mass of individuals of this species afforded by these investigations. Thus a number
of very striking varieties, with feathery instead of anastomosing lines, were found
at stations 2920H and 3712H—the variety called strigillata at station 2807 and that
called latecostata at station 2835 and others. The fact is that Bailey’s type form is not
at all typical of the diatoms at present assigned to this species, but represents a rather
extreme and severe phase of ornamentation only rarely met with. The significance
of the specific name, caelatus, meaning carved, is therefore not particularly applica-
ble, however well it applied to the original specimens. Although A. pruinosus Bail.
is typically a very different diatom from this species, the two have come closely to
approach each other by reason of the varieties assigned to them; and on the other
side this species passes imperceptibly into A. sculptus (W. Smith) Ralfs.

Found at stations 2807, 2835, 2920H, 3712H, Galapagos Islands, to Lower California,
Hawaiian Islands, and Okhotsk Sea.

Auliscus hardmanianus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc: Lond. n.s. 14: 6. pl. 2. f. 17. 1866.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 71. f. 17. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 67. f. 1. 1881; pl. 108. f.
1. 1886. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti, 12. pl. 2. f. 4. 1888. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Mier.
Soc. 8°: 17-18. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1041. 1894.

Auliscus joynsonii Schmidt, Atlas pl. 67. f. 2. 1881.

Rattray gives also four named varieties. The A. joynsonii of Schmidt is an unim-
portant variety.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Auliscus insignis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand1. 18°: 22. pl. 5. f.64a-b. 1881. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 89. f. 1. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. 87: 15. 1888. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1039. 1894.

Both the above illustrations are very poor. Cleve’s material, like my own, was-
from the Galapagos Islands.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

a Syll. Alg. 2: 1049. 1894,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 283

Auliscus pruinosus Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 5. pl. 1. f. 5-8. 1854. Grey.
Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 48. pl. 3. f. 18. 1863. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat.
Typ. 706. 1874. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 845. pl. 6. f. 1. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 31. f. 6-7, 11, 13-15, pl. 32. f. 5. 1875; pl. 108. f. 10. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Roy.
Micr. Soc. 87: 22. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1045. 1894. Moeb. Diat.-taf.
pl. 51. f. 13. 1890.

Auliscus punctatus Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 5. pl. 1. f. 9. 1854. Grey.

Trans. Micr: Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 49. pl. 3. f. 15. 1863. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 57.
f. 15. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 31. f. 8. 1875; pl. 67. f. 7-8. 1881; pl. 89. f. 14-17
pl. 108. f. 10. 1886. Ratt. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8°: 9. 1888. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1033. 1894.

There is great confusion between these two species of Bailey. The original type
forms, as can be seen by comparing the figures of Bailey or those of Greville, show
considerable contrast; but at the present time one might as well assign a newly found
example to one species as to the other. Rattray has retained the two species, though
placing examples of A. priinosus® under A. punctatus. The two species have no
distinct boundary. In the single dredging in which these forms were found they are
very abundant and supply every gradation between the two. It is to be noted, also,
that Bailey was in considerable doubt over the separateness of these species, and it
seems to me they are much better united. Nothing can better illustrate the useless-
ness of trying to assign specimens to one as against the other than a comparison of the
two figures lying side by side in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 31, figures 7 and 8, named,
despite their identity, ‘“ prwinosus” and ‘“‘ punctatus,’’ respectively. No wonder that
two such capable diatomists as Grunow and Witt should call the one pruinosus and
the other punctatus, the diatom represented by plate 108, figure 10, of Schmidt’s Atlas.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Auliscus stockhardtii Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18617: 163. pl. 7. f. 4.
1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 30. f. 11-13. 1875; pl. 67. f. 6. 1881. Ratt. Journ. Roy.
Micr. Soc. 87: 7. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1031. 1894. .

Auliscus constellatus Mills, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. I]. 1: 867. pl. 11. f. 2-3. 1881.

Auliscus racemosus Ralis, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 46. pl. 2. f. 9. 1863.

Schmidt, Atlas pl. 67. f. 6. note. 1881. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 50. f. 9. 1890.

I am in doubt as to making A racemosus Ralis a synonym of the above as Schmidt
and Rattray have done. At least, a comparison of the original figure of Janisch with
that of Ralfs in the citations given above will show enough divergence to make the
matter questionable. Certain varieties of A. pruinosus Bail. approach this species.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

RHIZOSOLENIA Ehrenb.

Rhizosolenia Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841; 329, 422. 1843; Ber.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 204. 1845.- Kiitz. Bacill. 51. 1844; Sp. Alg. 24. 1849.
Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 93. pl. 5. 1858, char. emend. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 865. 1861. Van Heur. Synop. 194. pl. 78-79. 1881; Treat. Diat. 413.
f. 133. 1896. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 657. pl. 51. f. 25. 1883. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 823. 1894. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 1!» 84. f. 139-140. 1896.
Perag. Le Diatomiste 1: 108. pl. 1-5. 1892.

Eucampia Stolter, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 2: 835. f. a-d. 1879, not Ehrenb.

Attheya West, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 152. pl. 7. f. 15. 1860. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 770, 822. 1892-94. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1: 105. pl. 1. f. 14. 1892.
Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 420. f. 138. 1896. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 1!>: 88. f/. 145.
1896.

@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 37. f. 6-9. 1875.

IS84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Lauderia Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad, 1"': 8. pl. 1. f. 7. 1873. Van Heur. Treat. Diat.
418. f. 136. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 771.1892. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot,
2: 89. pl. 9. f. 4, 8. 1886.

Guinardia Perag. Le Diatomiste 1: 107. pl. 1. f. 1-5. 1892. Van Heur. Treat.
Diat. 417. /. 135. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 822. 1894.

Leptocylindricus (°?) Cleve, Diat. Kattegat. 2. 1889. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1: 104.
1892. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 822. 1891. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 1": 84. 1896.

Dactyliosolen Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 75. pl. 9. f. 7. 1886. Perag. Le Dia-
tomiste 1: 104. pl. 7. f. 6-7. 1892. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 821. 1891. Eng. & Pr.
Pflanzenfam. 1!>: 83. 7. 186. 1896.

Ehrenberg’s conception of this genus was so vague that, aside from the name, its
founding is mainly due to Brightwell; and the name itself loses all meaning if we
remove from it the forms represented by Cleve’s Lauderia. Its members are pelagic,
as a class subtropical, and, with the exception of H. L. Smith’s R. eriensis, marine.
Their terminal valves, bearing one to many setae, are widely separated by a tubular
zone built up of either very narrow bands or wedge-shaped pieces imbricated into a
tube. The frustules thus constructed are delicate, elastic, and not densely silicified.
Yet with this strong generic harmony there are differences of absorbing interest from
the fact that here more than in any other genus we find variations that stand as inter-
mediate plan structures between it and several other distinct genera. This peculi-
arity of Rhizosolenia has given occasion for the creation of various questionable
genera enumerated above. Their affinities are most striking. The form called by
West Altheya decora leads to the genus Chaetoceros; Guinardia, with its rudimentary
mucronate scar, is close to that doubtful example of the genus Biddulphia, which
Peragallo calls Cerataulus bergonii;4 the species included in the invalid genus Lau-
deria have valves like Stephanopyxis and girdles like Striatella; those called Dactyl-
iosolen are very suggestive of Melosira; while in Peragalloa meridiana Schutt we have
a probable species of Chaetoceros with the zonal view of Rhizosolenia; and finally
R. stolterforthii Perag. is amazingly like that delicate but genuine example of the
genus Eucampia which Cleve has miscalled Mélleria cornuta.> It will help to make
evident the impossibility of bounding these newer genera in any way that will dis-
distinguish them generically if we carefully compare specimens of the species enu-
merated, or, in the absence of these, if we contrast in plate | of Peragallo’s Monograph¢
the following figures: Rhizosolenia murrayana Castr. (f. 20), and R. stolterforthii (f. 17)
with Guinardia flaccida (Castr.) Perag. (f. 4); this latter (as shown in f. 3), noting the
small mucronate scar, with Cerataulus (Cerataulina) bergonii Perag. (f. 16; again, G.
flaccida ({. 4) with the lower frustule of Lauderia delicatula Perag. (f. 13). The fact is,
if stress is put solely on the setae and other appendices of the terminal valves we
shall have the various genera above enumerated; but if we take the entire frustule
we shall have strikingly distinct but valid species of Rhizosolenia, with much more
in common structurally than the differences that distinguish them.

Rhizosolenia hebetata Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. I]. 22:5. pl. 1. f. 18-19. 1856. Bright.
Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 94. pl. 5. f. 4. 1858. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 866.
1861. Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 486. pl. 38. f. 69a-f. 1883. H. L.
Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 448. 1874. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 96.
pl. 5. f. 48-50. 1884. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 829. 1894. Perag. Le Diatomiste
1: 114. pl. 5. f. 10. 1892. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 14. f. 4. 1890.

This may be considered the type diatom of Bering Strait and the adjacent arctic
waters. Bailey’s original specimens came from Kamchatka, Grunow’s also, and

“Le Diatomiste 1: pl. 1. f. 3, 16. 1892.
bVan Heur. Treat. Diat. 461. f. 192. 1896.
¢ Le Diatomiste 1: pl. 1. 1892.

|
|
7

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 285

nearly every one of the following long list of dredgings and soundings were taken
along the coastssof Alaskaand Kamchatka. At stations 3569H and 36711 it is the com-
monest of all forms, and in the latter it makes up 5 to 10 per cent ot the diatomaceous
mass. It is important here to notice that of the thirty-three gatherings found to con-
tain this diatom twenty-nine were hydrographic soundings and only four dredgings.
-It is evident that the method of taking the hydrographic soundings as contrasted
with that of the regular dredgings explains why these exceedingly light and buoyant
forms are abundant in one class of gatherings and not in the other. The four dredg-
ings were taken in Arctic waters and yet contained very few specimens, while many
dredgings made where this species is shown to be abundant show no trace of them.
It is a clear illustration of the necessity of employing more careful methods for col-
lecting diatoms in connection with the other marine work of the United States Fish
Commission, a subject discussed in the introduction to this report.

Found at stations 2287H, 3267H, 3361H, 3399H, 3565H, 3568H, 3569H, 3603, 3604H,
3607, 3611, 3635H, 3663H, 3669H, 3671H, 3683H, 3684H, 3691H, 3692H, 3693H, 3699H,
3704H, 3784, 3786H, 4013H, 4014H, 4019H, 4022H, 4023H, 4024H, 4025H, 4027H,
4028H, Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea to Honshu Island, Japan.

Rhizosolenia robusta Norm.; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 866. pl. 8. f. 42. 1861. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 824. 1894. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1: 109. pl. 2. f. 1-1a, pl. 3.
f. 1-3. 1892. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 73. pl. 24. f. 5. 1886. Cleve, Bih.
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1: 11. 1873. Brun & Temp. Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist.
Nat. Geneva 30%: 73. 1889. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 414. pl. 33. f. 883. 1896.
Though the beautiful iridescent ends are abundant in the following dredgings, no
complete frustule was found and very rarely a trace of the disintegrated bands com-
posing the tube. Although large, this pellucid diatom if badly described by its
specific name, robusta.
Found at stations 2919, 2923, 2929, 3611, 4516H, Bering Sea and off southern and
Lower California.

CHAETOCEROS Ehrenb.

Chaetoceros Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 198. 1845. Van Heur. Synop.
195. pl. 81-82. 1881-5. Rabh. Fl. Alg. Eur.1: 31, 321. /. 91. 1864. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 861. 1861. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 105. pl. 7. 1856.

Bacteriastrum Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 14.1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 863. 1861.

Hercotheca Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 262, 269. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 33.
X VIII. f. 7. 1845.

Jf. 9. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 865. 1861.
Actiniscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 237. 1855, in part.
Goniothecitum Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 82. 1845.
Dicladia Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 73, 79. 1845.
Syndendrium Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 73, 155. 1846.
Skeletonema Grun. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 83ter f. 5. 1881, not Grey. 1865,
Peragallia Schiitt, Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 18: 48. pl. 5. f. 28a—b. 1895?.

This genus has occasioned great confusion in the nomenclature of the Diatomaceae
by reason of the peculiar mode of its growth. It isa mainly or perhaps wholly pelagic
form and is found in both the living and fossil state. It grows in long filaments, the
single frustules of which often vary widely, especially in respect to the character of
the processes or setae that adorn them. These may be, in some few instances,
wholly lacking, may proceed from opposite sides of the zonal portions, or may encircle
the same. The terminal valves are generally ornamented with processes quite di ffer-
ent from those on the intermediate frustules. Still further to complicate the matter,

ee —=

—_——

2S6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

the separate valves contain internal secondary cases, round or oval in contour, with
both valves alike or different, in some instances hyaline and in others variously
sculptured, without processes or variously ornamented with spines and otherwise.
These internal cases have as a class thicker siliceous walls than the external valves
and girdles which inclose them, and consequently are frequently met with in sea dredg-
ings, and especially in fossil deposits where all traces of the external walls that gave
form to the complete filaments have been lost. As these various parts have been suc-
cessively found they have received separate generic and specific names, and we there
fore have to deal witha tangle of nomenclature unusual even among the Diatomaceae.
The generic name first to be constituted and (subsequently) applied to these forms is
Actiniscus. Because of its priority Grunow @ gives it to the form known elsewhere as
Bacteriastrum varians Laud. This name, however, was not originally applied to a
diatom, but to a stellate silicious spicule, which Ehrenberg called Dictyocha (Actinis-
cus) sirius,> and was not used for the diatoms until 1855¢ (A. quinarius Ehrenb.@ being
indeterminate, but probably also a spicule). It is therefore not available for the
Diatomaceae, but must give place to Chaetoceros, 1845. In this connection I wish to
call attention to a quotation from Van Heurck’s Synopsis given below under Chaetoceros
furcatus. In the above list of synonyms ‘‘in part” we find Dicladia and Goniothe-
cium, bestowed like Chaetoceros and preceding it in that volume. I am, however,
opposed to accepting any of these names for the following reasons: (1) They represent
what are not necessarily structural parts of the plants, Castracane,¢ holding them to be
sporangial encasements; (2) we are not even able to affirm that these spicules are con-
fined to what we know as the Chaetocerae; (3) both the above generic names were
based on fossil fragments from which we can build no conception of the forms to which
they belong, and in using them we should, therefore, be constituting a genus without
any fixed idea of its structure. Dicladia was found in African guano and Goniothe-
cium in diatomaceous earth from Richmond, Virginia. /

I can not follow Castracane in maintaining the separateness of Chaetoceros and
Bacteriastrum, as his grounds of distinction 9 appear to be trivial. They are (1) that
the valves of Bacteriastrum are round and of Chaetoceros generally oval; (2) that the
former have more awns or setae than the latter; (3) that these are in Bacteriastrum
arranged around the valve, but in Chaetoceros on opposite sides; (4) that these awns
in Chaetoceros interlace. Anyone who will examine a gathering of Bacteriastrum
varians Laud. will see that these characters are in different parts of the same filament
too inconstant to form a generic concept. Thus, in H. L. Smith’s type no. 57, both
round and oval valves are seen in the same filament and bearing precisely the same
kind of setae. Again, the terminal valves often have two setae, while those below
them may have more; and in the case of Lauder’s figures of this species’ we find
terminal valves with eight setae and the intermediate ones with many more. As to
the interlacing of the setae, it is by no means constant, many specimens examined
showing no such tendency. In fact, that condition is hardly to be discovered in
Castracane’s own figure.?

aVan Heur. Synop. pl. 82bis. f. 10. 1881.

b Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 149-150. 1841. Cf. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 59-60.

¢ Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 237. 1855.

d Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 76. 1845. cf. also Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl.
43. f. 1-6. 1875.

eCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 81. 1886.

/Cf. article by Brightwell in Quart. Journ. Mier. Sei. 4: 106. 1856.

9 Castr. op. cit. 82. ,

h Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 12: pl. 3. 1864.

iCastr. op. cit. pl. 19. f. 8.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. peeg

The interesting form constituting the genus Peragallia Schiitt, does, as its author
says, hint of transition between the present genus and Rhizosolenia Ehrenb., as its
valves are true Chaetoceros type, while the zonal part shows the plicate bands of
Rhizosolenia. But this latter portion, the zone, is liable to show various changes in
many genera and is hardly of enough importance to separate this otherwise normal
Chaetoceros from the genus.

The following genera I have not included in the above. Some of them are plainly
distinct from it, as Skeletonema Grey. (not Grun.) and Strangulonema Grey. Others,
like Syringidium and Pterotheca, though showing considerable resemblance to the
internal cases of Chaetoceros, are as yet too imperfectly understood to warrant any
safe conclusion. See Syringidium Ehrenb.,¢ Omphalotheca Ehrenb.,@ Pyxilla
Grey.,¢ Pterotheca Grun.,/ Stephanogonia Ehrenb.,g Skeletonema Grey.,” Strangulo-
nema Grev., ¢ Xanthiopyxis Ehrenb., / and Corethron Castr .*

Chaetoceros coarctatus Laud. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s.12: 79. pl. 8. f. 6. 1864.
Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'': 9. pl. 2. f. 10. 1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 996. 1894.
This is variously spelled coarctatus by De Toni, coarctata by Lauder, coarctatum by
Cleve. The first is correct.
Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

Chaetoceros didymus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 75. 1846; Mikrog. pl.
385A. X VII. f. 5, pl. 18. f. 4.1854. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 107. pl. 7.
f.38-7.1856. Jan. Abh. Schles Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1862: pl. 1A. f. 21, 30, 32. 1862.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 862. 1861. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 41,
f. 47. 1875. ;

My specimen is a somewhat doubtful example of the above, the setae being
abnormal.
Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

Chaetoceros furcatus (Shadb.) Mann.

Bacteriastrum furcatum Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 14. pl. 1. f. 1. 1854.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 3. f. 1.1890. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 863. pl. 6. f. 26.1861.

Bacteriastrum curvatum Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 14. pl. 1. f. 2. 1854.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 3. f. 2. 1890. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 43. f. 18.
1875.

Actiniscus sexfurcatus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1854: 237. 1855;
Mikrog. pl. 35B, IV. f. 15. 1854.

Bacteriastrum varians Laud. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 12: 8. pl. 3. f. 1-6. 1864.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 57. 1874; Jour. Quek. Micr. Club IT. 3: 42. pl. 4.
f. 2. 1887. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 80. f. 3-5. 1881. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 56. f. 1-6.
1890. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 82, 84. pl. 14. f. 2, pl. 19. f. 3, pl. 23-°f. 1.
1886.

a(Cf. Palmer & Kelley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 465-479. 1900.

b Cf. Van Heurck, Treat. Diat. 419. f. 137. 1896.

¢ Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 357, 365. 1846; Mikrog. pl. 835A, IV. /f. 11. 1854.
@d Ehrenb. Mikrog. 126. pl. 835A, IX. f. 4. 1854.

e Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 1. pl. 1. f. 5. 1865.

/Van Heur. Synop. pl. 83 bis. f. 10-11. 1881.

9 Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 264, 271. 1845.

h Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 43. pl. 5. f. 1. 1865.

iTrans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s..18: 43. pl. 5. f. 2. 1865.

i Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 264, 273. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 88. X VII. f. 17.
kCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 85. pl. 21. f. 3-6, 12, 14-15. 1886.

28S CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Aetiniscus curvatus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh, Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 390. pl. 6, IT. f. 12.
1873.

Actiniscus vicenarius Ehrenb, Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 390. pl. 6. IT. f. |
11(?). 1873.

Chaetoceros varians Van Heur. Synop, 195. 1885. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 998. 1894.

Bactervastrum spirilium Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 83. pl. 19. f. 2, pl. 29. f.1.
1886.

Bacteriastrum brevispinum Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 83. pl. 15. f. 6, 8. 1886. |

The very appropriate specific name of Lauder must give place to that of Shadbolt.
Castracane builds the specific character of his spirillum on the spirally wound setae,
a quality not possessed, he says, by the above. This is quite contrary to the facts.
His own figures of B. varians Laud.,@ show this spiral quality. Or if his contention
is that these are simply undulate, while his form has setae with a spirally wound
thickening, this also is incorrect. C. fureatus shows this in many specimens most
plainly. It may be added that exact duplicates of his B. brevispinum are found at
station 3698, both having and destitute of the spiral ornamentation of the setae.

As this is the species to which belong most or all of the forms named generically
Actiniscus by Ehrenberg, it may be well to here add to the reasons advanced by me
under the present genus caption for rejecting Ehrenberg’s name a quotation from Van
Heurck® bearing on this point. He says: ‘‘ Norg.—Les formes pour lesquelles Ehren-
berg a constitué le genre Actiniscus, n’étaient pas des Diatomées et les auteurs subsé-
quents qui ont écrit sur ces formes n’auraient pas df les admettre dans leur classifica-
tion. Ehrenberg a rapporté le genre Bacteriastrum 4 son genre Actiniscus mais sans
avoir aucune raison plausible et il a continué A agir ansi jusque dans son dernier
ouvrage, Fortsetzung der Mikr. Studien, 1875. Toutes les formes de Bacteriastrum
doivent étre ramenées au genre Chaetoceros.”’

Found at stations 2860, 3091, 3346, 3698, 3712H, off British Columbia to Oregon and
Kurile chain to Honshu Island, Japan.

Chaetoceros sp.?
Dicladia mamiliana L. W. Bailey, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. '7: 339. pl. 7. f. 41-45. 1862.
My specimens agree with figure 44 in the above, being what Bailey calls var. B.
Found at stations 4013H, 4516H, off Honshu Island, Japan, and Lower California.

Chaetoceros sp. ?
Goniothecium odontella Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 82. 1845; Mikrog. pl.
18. f. 94, pl. 83. XII. f. 18-14, pl. 33. XV. f. 16. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed:
4. 864. pl. 6. f. 29. 1861. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 106. pl. 7. f. 47-48.
1856. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 8. f. 47-48. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1009. 1894.
Witt, Verh. Russ. Min. Gesell. II. 22: 25. pl. 7. f. 7-8. 1886. Van Heur. Synop.
pl. 105. f. 11-12. 1881. ;
_ Ehrenberg found this form, together with eight others named by him, in the fossil
deposit of Richmond, Virginia. Although this particular one has not so far been met
with in a living state, six of the other eight have been so observed. It is therefore
reasonable to assume that these peculiar structures are inner casings of certain Chae-
toceros valves, the outer spine-bearing valves of which have fallen away. But it
should be remembered that quite dissimilar specimens of Goniothecium may be
eventually found to belong to the same species of Chaetoceros. These forms are so
frequently met with and are so widely illustrated in diatom literature that I have
thought it advantageous to give the above citations.
Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

aCastr. op. cit. pl. 14. f. 2, pl. 29. f. 3.
6 Van Heur. Synop. 195. 1885. ,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 289

TRIGONIUM Cleve.

Trigonium Cleve, Ofv. Kgl. Vet. Akad. 24: 663, 1868; Bih. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl.
1: 8. 1873.

Triceratium Ehrenb. err. det. Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2%: 14. f. 55-46. 1851.
Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 275. pl. 17. f. 16. 1856.

Biddulphia Gray, in part; Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 181. pl. 9. f. 15. 1859.

Zygoceros Ehrenb. in part; Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 11. pl. 1. f. 29. 1854.

Amphitetras Ehrenb. in part; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 900. 1894.

Amphipentas Ehrenb. in part; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 911. 1894.

Nothoceratium De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 914. 1894, in part.

Cestodiscus Grey. in part; Grun. in Van Heur. Synop. pl. 126. f. 1-2. 1881.

Pseudotriceratium Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 83. 1884.

The genus Triceratium as constituted by Ehrenberg@ included simply triangular
specimens of the genus Biddulphia Gray. The striking but inconstant characteristic
led him to select the very descriptive name and to word his diagnosis so as to convey
this one idea. His type species, 7. favus, agrees with this. It is, therefore, based
on a wholly untenable conception and is a synonym of Biddulphia. Gradually,
however, it underwent modification chiefly at the hands of Brightwell® and Ralis,¢
whereby it came to include forms with more than three horns, together with a host of
forms where the horns at the angles are obscure or wanting, in fact, almost anything
of a polygonal character, when seen from the valval side. It thus came about that
the genus grew to be a mixture of many genera, whose sole bond of union was the
worthless accident of a more or less angular valve outline. Thus polygonal specimens
of Stictodiscus Grey., of Ditylum Bail., of the triangular forms of Hemiaulus Ehrenb.,
which make up Heiberg’s invalid genus Trinacria, of the triangular forms of Terpsi-
noe Ehrenb., which Wallich calls Hydrosera, and others found a resting place in
this unscientific medley. De Toni@ performs the useless task of restoring it to its
original boundaries, except that he excludes those triangular forms represented by
Greville’s newer genus Entogonia. It is evident that Triceratium Ehrenb. represents
nothing but a peculiar configuration of Biddulphia; nor have the attempts to recon-
struct it resulted in anything but confusion. It must, therefore, be abandoned, a
course adopted by Van Heurck, Boyer, and others. But in doing this some diatoms
now bearing the name Triceratium remain which can not be referred to any of the
before-mentioned genera. This has led to the necessity of a genus for these forms;
and I have placed them in the genus created by Cleve for this purpose. He defines

it as follows: ‘‘Hufvudytan triangulir, sidoytan rektangelformig utan framspringande
utskott eller hérn.’’ It is true that this is too indefinite, as it would include such tri-
angular and quadrangular forms as we meet with in Stictodiscus, as well as the mem-
bers of the genus Entogonia, a genus that Cleve recognizes as distinct; and further
would exclude the occasional biangular or fusiform specimens of some species nor-
mally triangular. But that the latter are not intended to be excluded by Cleve is
shown by the fact that in discussing Trigonium arcticum (Bright.) Cleve ¢he speaks
of the biangular variety known as Zygoceros balaena Ehrenb. Boyer / refers the
members of Triceratium (exclusive of those referred to other established genera, as
Stictodiscus and Hemiaulus) to Biddulphia, whether the angles are surmounted by
horn-like processes or not, and to a great extent Van Heurck does the same. This
takes from Biddulphia its most salient characteristic and places in the genus such

_ @ Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 129, 159. 1841.
b Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 215. 1853.
¢ Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 853. 1861.
@d De Toni, Notarisia 5: 912. 1890; Syll. Alg. 2: 917. 1894.
eBih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'*: 8. 1873.
J Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 1901.

290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

diatoms as those in the following species which are in striking contrast to the Biddul-
phia idea. I therefore make use of Cleve’s genus, excluding those triangular forms
that have definite central areas distinctly different in sculpture from the rest of the
valve, represented by the genus Entogonia, and including forms having four or more
angles. Nothoceratium De Toni agrees in part with this, except for the limitation
of the species to those of six or more angles, an utterly impracticable provision,
leading to the absurd distinction between the four-sided and the six-sided speci-
mens of T'riceratium parallelum Grev.,@ the former of which he places in the genus
Amphitetras and the latter in Nothoceratium.

Trigonium alternans (Bail.) Mann.

Triceratium alternans Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2*: 14. pl. 1. f. 56-56. 1851;
28: 40. 1851. Bright. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. 1: 251. pl. 4. f. 19a—-b. 1853. Jan.
Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1862*: 15. pl. 1A, f. 16.1862. W. Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat. 1: 26. pl. 5. f. 45, pl. 80. f. 45. 1853. Schmidt, Atlas ple7s. f. 9-18
(not f. 19-20,= T. campechianum Grun.). 1882. O?’Meara, Proc. Roy: Irish. Acad.
II. 2: 278. pl. 27. f. 12. 1875. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 113. f. 4-5. 1881. _Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 854. pl. 6. f. 21. 1861. Moeb. Diat -taf. pl. 7. f. 19a-b. 1890.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 100. f. 16, 18 (not pl. 106. f. 2). 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
941. 1894.

Biddulphia alternans Van Heur. Synop. 208. 1881. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila.
1900: 719. 1901.

Triceratium variabile Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 275. pl. 17. f. 19a-c. 1856.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 9. f. 19a-c. 1890. West, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 149.
pl. 7. f. 7. 1860. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 854. 1861. Leud. Fort.-Mem. Soc. '
Emul. St. Brieuc 60. 1879.

There is a specious resemblance here to the Biddulphia type in the slight elevation
of the angles and this is intensified by their being apparently cut off from the rest of
the valve by definite internal septa. This is especially so if several of the figures above
cited are relied on instead of the diatoms themselves. That there are no processes at
the angles can be seen by a careful examination of more than one specimen of this
species. Sometimes the extremities of the angles are not raised at all above the rest
of the valve and in some cases they are slightly lower. The lines usually (not always)
marking off the extremities and making them resemble Biddulphia processes have
no significance; for in the forms classed by Brightwell, as T. variabile, the valves
are penetrated by numerous false septa extending inward from the margin. The
angles are often beaded exactly like the rest of the valve. Altogether these angular
portions are very different from the true processes of Biddulphia. It may be men-
tioned in this connection that the frustules are not joined by alternate angles into a
zigzag chain, as is common in Biddulphia, but when united, which is rare, it is face to
face; but it should also be said that too much significance should not be placed on this
fact, either here or elsewhere. Schmidt, De Toni, and others do not admit this species
into Biddulphia, but retain it in Triceratium.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Trigonium articum (Bright.) Cleve, Ofv. Kgl. Vet. Akad. 24: 663. 1868; Sv. Vet.

Akad. Handl. 1'*: 8. 1873.

Triceratium arcticum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 250. pl. 4. f. 11. 1
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 1.f. 11. 1890. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 24. 1870
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 920. 1894. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 856. 1861. Cleve &
Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 15, 111. 1880. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 76. f. 29,
pl. 79. f. 5-6, 8, 10-13. 1882; pl. 81. f. 4. 1885. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.
1874. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 112. f. 1. 1881.

Biddulphia arctica Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 714. 1901.

a Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 104. pl. 9. f. 22-23. 1865.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. IQ]

Biddul phia balaena Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 181. pl. 9. f. 15. 1859. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 23. f. 15. 1890. Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega. Exped. 3: 485. 1883.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 121. f. 5-6. 1888. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Pyp. no. 624. 1874,
Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 713. 1901.

Zygoceros balaena Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A XX XIII. f. 17. 1854; Ber. Akad. Wiss.
Berl. 1853: 529.1854. Roper, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 7: 20. 1859. De Toni
Syll. Alg. 2: 887. 1894.

Zygoceros radiatus Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 11. pl. 7. f. 29. 1854.

Amphitetras wilkesti Harv. & Bail. Proc. Acad. Phila. 6: 430. 1854.

Triceratium formosum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 274. pl. 17. f. 8. 1856.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 9. f. 8. 1890.

Triceratium quadrangulare Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 10. eed J. 26.
1865. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 63. f. 26. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 81. f. 3. 1885.

Amphitetras quadrangularis De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 904. 1894.

Triceratium quinquelobatum Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 83. pl. 9. f. 21.
1866. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 73. f. 21. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 79. f. 8. 1882.
Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 11>: 91. f. 155B. 1896.

Amphipentas quinquelobata De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 911. 1894.

Triceratium firmum Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 12: 93. pl. 13. f. 8. 1864.
Moeb. Diat.- taf. pl. 61. f. 8. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 924. 1894.

Biddulphia formosa Walk. & Chase, Notes on Diatoms 1: 2. pl. 2. f. 9. 1886.

This species is Cleve’s type of the genus Trigonium.

Probably no species shows more variability than this in size, outline, fineness of
marking, and absence or presence of central area. Nor is it possible to decide on the
identity of the above names without specimens corresponding to the figures and
descriptions. I have been able to do this on account of the large number of sea
dredgings, widely separated from each other and containing abundant quantities of
these forms that have been examined for this report. By comparison of many exam-
ples accurately agreeing with the above names I am convinced they all represent
varieties of the same polymorphic species, and this conclusion agrees in the main with
that of some of the authors cited above. Thus Zygoceros balaena Ehrenb., which is
Z. radiatus Bail., and Biddulphia balaena Bright., is an oval with two instead of three
rounded apices. It is frequent at station 4029H. It is also in H. L.Smith’s Type
no. 624 and makes up a considerable portion of type no. 596, marked Triceratium are-
ticum, in which the two-angled and three-angled varieties can be seen side by side
and are so absolutely alike, except in the number of angles, that no question of their
specific identity can remain. One of the slides accompanying this report contains
three specimens from station 3603; the first is Grunow’s variety californica, the
second a quadrate specimen of 7’. arcticum, and the third a quadrate specimen of
T. formosum. The variety californica also occurs abundantly at stations 2807, 2859,
2923, 3603, 3604, 3692H; beautiful specimens of typical 7. quadrangulare Grevy., at
station 3688H; T. quinquelobatum Grev., at station 2808; a variety close to T. ant-
arcticum Jan., at stations 2807 and 3604H; T. firmum Grey., at station 3688H. Regard-
ing this last the border in my specimens are not quite so massive as in Greville’s
drawing; but the border varies greatly in all members of this species. It is certainly
a small and stout variety of this species. My specimens of it averaged 0.065 mm. in
diameter. I have not included T. antarcticum Jan., as the identification in my speci-
mens is not exact. It is probably also a variety. The placing of some of the above
in Triceratium, others in Amphitetras and others in Amphipentas by De Toni is unac-

. countable; also his uniting the five-angled 7. formosum with the five-angled 7. favus

under Brightwell’s invalid name 7. grande.

Found at stations 2680H, 2807, 2808, 244, 2859, 2923, 3263H, 3603, 3604, 3604H,
3683H, 3688H, 3691H, 3692H, 3698, 4025H, 4029H, 4516H, Galapagos Islands to Bering
Sea and south to Honshu island, Japan

292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Trigonium adspersum Mann, sp. nov. Prate LI, rigure 5.

Valves triangular; slightly and evenly convex; sides inflated; angles blunt, not pro-
duced, each one having an evident but very minute spine; markings large, compound,
oval or rounded beads, loosely but radially placed at the middle of the valve, leaving —
an indefinite central area, thence outward closely set and radially arranged, remain-
ing the same size until within a short distance of the border, then rapidly diminishing
to one-fourth size.

Width between apices, 0.065 mm.

The general markings correspond to 7. rusticum Mann, which also has very minute
spines at the angles. The two are rather wide for one species. Compare this descrip-
tion with that of the latter below.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590157, from station 3699H, Okhotsk Sea,
September 3, 1896; 1,584 fathoms, bottom of green mud and fine sand.

Trigonium cinnamomeum (Grey.) Mann.
Triceratium cinnamomeum Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 8: 232. pl. 9. f. 12.
1863. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 47. f. 12.1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 151. f. 23-24. 1890.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 974. 1894.
Cestodiscus cinnamomeum Grun.; Van. Heur. Synop. pl. 126. f. 1-2. 1881.
Pseudotriceratium cinnamoneum Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48?: 83. 1884.

However this diatom may contrast with others by reason of the minute spines that
terminate its apices, the hyaline lines leading up to these and thus bisecting the angles,
and the general but not constant presence of still smaller spines along the margin, I do
not recognize any reason for placing this in Cestodiscus. That genus as defined by
Greville is made to differ from Aulacodiscus by the absence of ‘‘furrows” or radiating
lines running from the center to the submarginal processes, not in any marked differ-
ence of the processes. To confuse such processes with the minute spines of this diatom,
to which “furrows” always do run, even to those occasionally present on the margin,
is hardly allowable; and when we add the further character of Cestodiscus added by
Castracane,? a submarginal band with minuter and closer granulation, amy resem-
blance to that doubtful genus vanishes. Schmidt and others reject this classification;
and Grunow subsequently proposes a new genus, Pseudotriceratium, to accommodate
this species. This would be warranted, in view of the uselessness ot Triceratium,
did not Cleve’s older genus Trigonium serve the purpose as well.

Found at stations 2807, 2920H, Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands.

Trigonium coscinoides (Gr. & St.) Mann.
Triceratium coscinoides Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club IT. 2: 327. pl. 19. f. 18.
1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 922. 1894.
Triceratium radioso-reticulatum Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 151. f. 35-86 (corrected
to T. coscinoides in Berichtigungen opposite pl. 153), 1890. Van Heur. Synop. ™
. 112. f. 5. 1881.(?).

I have been able by the discovery of numerous specimens of this diatom to determine
the unity of theabove. The specimens agree with the Oamaru figure except in having
a very minute spine at one or all of the apices, thus agreeing with the form described by
Grunow. Asa rule, the tiny spine is present on only one or two of the apices, thus
showing on the same valve the Grunow and the Grove and Sturt forms. I add a
question-mark after the citation to Van Heurck, because no specimens I have exam-
ined show any trace of the sec sire marking figured and mentioned by him, nor any

a 'Trans. Mice: Soc. Lond. n. s. 13: 48. 1865.
bCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 122. 1886.

.
|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 9293

very evident radial arrangement of the network, and, on the other hand, there is no
mention by him of the apical spines. It is probable all these are alike, in which case
the name should be Trigonium reticulo-radiatum. It may be added that my spec-
imens are larger than the Grove and Sturt type, which is given as 0.0022 to 0.004 inch,
approximately equal to 0.0056 to 0.01 mm., while my specimens vary from 0.048 to
0.16 mm.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

Trigonium parallelum (hrenb.)? Mann.

Amphitetras parallela Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 143. 1841?;
Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 20a—b. 1854.? Kiitz. Bacill. 135. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed.
4. 858. 1844. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 908. 1894.

Triceratium parallelum Ehrenb.?; Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s, 18: 104. pl. 9.
f. 22-28. 1865. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 69. f. 22-23. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 75. /f.
3-5, 11-13, 30, pl. 76. f. 14-17. 1852 (not f: 18); pl. 81. f. 1-2. 1885. Van Heur.
Synop. pl. 111. f. 2-6 (not f. 1, 3-5). 1881. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot.
1: 24. 1870.

Triceratium obtusum Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 88. 1845; Phys. Abh.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 425. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 48-49. 1854. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 857. 1861.

Nothoceratium? parallelum De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 915. 1894.

I have adopted the above specific name, as my specimen agrees with Greville’s form.
Whether or not this is A. parallelum Ehrenb. is impossible to determine. Ehrenberg
simply says,¢ under A. antediluviana, ‘‘ Vor wenig Tagen hat sich in den griechischen
Kreidemergeln noch eine zweite Art dieser Gattung gefunden, welche auf den Seiten-
flachen parallela Reihen von Zellen hat und die als A. parallelaabzusondern ist.’’ Kiit-
zing simply repeats this meager mention. Ehrenberg’s figures are also inconclusive. but
show a very different center. All this would be simply negative except for the charac-
ter of T. obtuswm, which unmistakably is the same as Greville’s 7. parallelum, the
figures of Ehrenberg, together with the diagnosis, making this plain. He there says,
“ * * * angulis late rotundatis, subtilissime punctata.” If, therefore, Ehrenberg
has twice named the same species, the earlier name, parallela, holds; if not, the proper
name for Greville’s form and my own is obtusum. Though the chances are in favor of
the latter view, they are not conclusive, and the better-known name should remain.

It is not impossible to consider this species as belonging to Stictodiscus, as Cas-
tracane > suggests. Butat least the form with which I have to deal is a little too diver-
gent to assign to that genus. I think the resemblance to Stictodiscus is largely in the
anastomosing shadow lines at the center of the valve, an appearance lacking in my
specimens. De Toni’s placing the quadrate form in Amphitetras and the sextate in
Nothoceratium is of course indefensible.

A few bad errors in naming figures should here be mentioned. Schmidt’s Atlas,
plate 76, figure 18, is not T. parallelum, but, as Grunow insists, 7’. juncatenseGrun. Van
Heurck’s Synopis, plate 111, figure 1, has nothing to do with this form; those in Wolle ¢
are so bad as to have no resemblance to this species, and his figures 11, 12 are poor
copies of Schmidt’s plate 75, figures 11, 12, themselves doubtful examples of this
species. Van Heurck’s plate 111, figures 3 (certainly), 4, 5 (probably), are 7. harrisoni-
anum Norm. (=Stictodiscus).¢
Found at station 3013H, near Hawaiian Islands.

@ Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 143. 1841.
6 Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 114. 1886.

¢ Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 100. 1890.

d Cf. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 75. f. 15. 1882.

294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Trigonium plano-concavum (run) Mann.
Triceratium plano-concavum Brun in Brun & Temp. Mem. Soe. Phys. et Hist. Nat
Geneva 30°: 63. pl. 6. f. 9.1889. Brun, Le Diatomiste 1: 5. pl. 1. f. 1, 1890.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 929. 1894.

De Toni notes the resemblance of this species to 7. inelegans Grev.,@ T. nicobaricum
Grun.,? and 7. juncatense Grun.¢ The similarity exists but is slight, especially if
examined with high magnification and slightly oblique light, by which means the _
remarkable pitting of the beads brought out in the fine photograph in Le Diatomiste is
made plain.

Found at stations 3688H, 4029H, Galapagos Islands and Okhotsk Sea,

——— a

Trigonium rusticum Mann, sp. nov. Pate LI, Figure 4. _

Valve triangular, slightly convex; the angles extended into flat arms with slightly |
broadened ends; sides between the arms inflated; markings coarse, consisting of a few
large scattered oval beads at the center of the valve, thence outward strictly radiating,
decreasing in size to the margin, which is very narrow and most minutely beaded; a
minute spine at the apex of each arm. °

Width between the apices, 0.06 mm.

It resembles remotely 7. microcephalum Grey.4 and T. subcapitatum Grey.¢ but
differs materially in its coarse, strongly radiating beading and especially in its flat arms
destitute of the globose elevated ends found in the foregoing.

Type inthe U.S. National Museum, No. 590134, from station 4029H, Bering Sea, June
27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

Trigonium sculptum (Shadb.) Mann.

Triceratium reticulum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 251. pl. 4. f. 17. 1853 (?),
not Ehrenb.

Triceratium sculptum Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 4: 15. pl. 1. f. 4. 1854.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 3. fe 4. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 76. f. 9-12, 31. 1877, pl.
150. f. 17. 1890. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 109. f. 7-8, pl. 111. f. 8. 1881. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 856. 1861. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 106. f. 3-5, pl. 111. f. 4.
1890. Petit, Fonds de la Mer 3: 195. 1877.

Triceratium punctatum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 275. pl. 17. f. 18. 1856.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 856. pl. 6. f. 20. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 944.
1894. H.L Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 602. 1874. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 5%: 16. 1878. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 109. f. 6, 9-10. 1881. Wolle, Diat.
N. A. pl. 101. f. 9, 12. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 76. f. 19-20. 1882; pl. 81. f. 6-7.
1885; pl. 99. f. 5. 1886. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 503. 1883. Petit,
Fonds de la Mer 8: 194. 1877.

Biddulphia sculpta Van Heur. Synop. 208. 1885.

Triceratuum pardus Schmidt, Atlas pl. 79. f. 15. 1882.

Biddulphia reticulum Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 724. 1901.

' This species varies greatly. It is common to find in the Pacific dredgings forms
with a small curved spine in the center and an evident but delicate circular ridge,
centrally placed, having a radius of one-half the distance from center to side of the
valve. Schmidt / mentions the spine, saying there are one to three in forms from
Nottingham, Maryland; but he does not mention the ridge. Shadbolt gives emphasis
to three minute rings near the center. These, like the ridge and spines mentioned, are —

a Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 8. pl. 2. f. 21. 1866.

b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 76. f. 22. 1877.

¢Schmidt, Atlas pl. 76. f. 13. 1877.

d Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 74. pl. 9. f. 4. 1861.

e Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 234. pl. 10. f. 20. 1863.
/ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 76. f. 26. 1882.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. IQA

inconstant. Though the union of sculptum and punctatum is desirable, the former
name should be preferred to the latter, which De Toni selects. It is probable 7. reti-
culum Bright. belongs here, though the miserable figure and incomplete description
make this a little uncertain. But this is not 7. reticulum Ehrenb.@ De Toni quotes
Brightwell’s name but does not identify it with Ehrenberg. 7. browneanum Grey.
which Boyer adds to the above list, is not at all the same. Greville says of it ‘‘angles
rounded with obscure pseudonodules.’’ These last can not possibly be the rings of
Shadbolt’s form, those being at the center, but must be processes at the apices. The
center of Greville’s figure is clearly drawn and without trace of the rings of T. seulptum.
I think Schmidt’s plate 79, figures 14 and 16, belong here, a pentagonal specimen from
Station 2920H being almost identical with figure 14 as well as with Van Heurck’s
Synopsis, plate 109, figure 6.

Found at stations 2920H, 3513, 3526, 3611, 3604H, 3698, 3712H, Hawaiian Islands,
Honshu Island, Japan, and Okhotsk Sea.

Trigonium striolatum (Ehrenb.) Mann.

Triceratium striolatum Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 159. pl. 4. f. 9.
1841. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 1: 250. pl. 4. f. 10. 1853. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 1. f. 10.1890 De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 943. 1894. (not Roper, Trans.
Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 74. pl. 6. f. 3. 1854.)

Roper is right ¢ in claiming that his idea of this diatom of Ehrenberg and Brightwell’s
idea are not the same. A comparison of the original figure and a reading of Ehren-
berg’s diagnosis will show that Brightwell is correct. There is neither mention nor
sign in the figures of any horn-like processes in Ehrenberg’s species. At any rate the
specimens found by me are wholly destitute of such processes, though the apices are
produced; and as they agree perfectly with what is given in Ehrenberg, Kiitzing, and
Brightwell, I look upon them as well marked and distinct from Roper’s form. To
unite all these with Biddulphia rhombus (Ehrenb.) W. Smith, as is done by Van Heurckéd
is out of the question. Roper’s form is probably the same as T. membranaceum Bright.¢

Found at station 3361H, Bering Sea.

Trigonium tabellarium (Bright.) Mann.

Triceratium tabellarium Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 275. pl. 17. f. 15. 1856.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 9. f. 15. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 77. f. 1-2 (f. 3-5 according
to Grun.). 1882. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 9. f.7. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 953.
1894. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 854. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5%: 17.
pl. 5. f. 31. 1878.

Triceratium johnsoni Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 854. 1861 ?.

Triceratium venulosum Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 12: 90. pl. 13. f. 21. 1864.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 61. f. 21. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 77. f. 6-9. 1882: pl. 127. f.
3. 1888 (not Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club ITI. 2: 327. pl. 19. f. 15-16. 1886).

Triceratium pallidum Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 12: 84. pl. 11. f. 7. 1864.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 59. f. 7.1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 938. 1894.

Triceratium brevinervum Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 101. pl. 9. f. 26.
1865. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 69. f. 26. 1890.

a(f. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 38. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 50, pl. 33. XVI. f. 13.
1854.

6 Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 72. pl. 8. f. 16. 1861.

¢ Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. 2: 74. 1854.

@Van Heur. Synop. pl. 99. f. 1-3. 1881.

€ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 251. pl. 4. f. 15. 1853, and ef. with Brightwell’s figure
of this species on the same plate.

31713—VvoL 10, pr 5—O7——6

296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Triceratium grave Schmidt, Atlas pl. 77. f. 17. 1882. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 22.
pl. 7. f. 1, 18. 1888. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 946. 1894.
Biddulphia tabellarium Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 718. 1901.

The form described and figured (with some doubt) as this species by Grove and
Sturt is another species, as Schmidt makes it, calling it 7. majus Gr. & St. It is clearly
a Biddulphia, having strongly developed processes at the angles. 7. venuloswm Grey.
is simply a delicate variety of 7. tabellarium.

Found at stations 2807, 3604, Galapagos Islands and Bering Sea.

Trigonium trinitas (Brun) Mann.

Triceratium trinitas Brun; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 166. f. 3-4. 1891.

The general build of this species is that of a very minute 7’. arcticwm; but the bead-
ing is very different, coarse, each bead having a central dot, showing no trace of radial
arrangement. The beads are similar to those of 7. luminosum Brun & Temp., espe-
cially as figured by Schmidt.® But unlike the latter, they have no processes at the
angles (seen best in the original figure).¢ The border is unusually massive and trans-
versely striated. My specimen agrees best with the variety called minima (fig. 4
above).

Found at station 3603, Bering Sea.

Trigonium zonulatum ((rey.) Mann.
Triceratium zonulatum Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 13: 102. pl. 9. f. 17. 1865.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 69. f. 17. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 77. f. 83-37. 1882; pl. 94.
f. 9. 1886.
Amphitetras zonulata De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 900. 1894.
Biddulphia parvula Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 725. 1901, in part.

This diminutive and fine diatom is exceedingly abundant in the single hydrographic
sounding below. It entirely lacks the characteristic Biddulphia (or “‘ Amphiteras ”’)
processes at the angles. I therefore think it is inadmissible to class it as Boyer or De
Toni does. It is not exactly the same as the Amphitetras parvula Jan. & Rabh.@ and it
is a question if that name could stand, having been published the same year, 1863,
as A. parvula Grev., a totally different diatom. De Toni, Cleve, and others class T.
zonulatum and A. parvula separately.

My specimens are remarkably uniform in size, all measuring about 0.02 mm.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

DITYLUM Bail.

Ditylum Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 332. pl. 6. 10-15. 1861. Van Heur. Synop.
196. 1885. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1017. 1894. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900:
730-731. 1901.
. Triceratium Ehrenb. in part; West, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 149. pl. 8. f. 1,
5, 8. 1860. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 114. f. 8-9. 1881.

The members of this genus have not the remotest likeness to forms of Triceratium
Ehrenb., except in the imperfect triangular outline of the valves, and this is incon-
stant. Their pellucid, sparingly silicified frustules; their long and massive central
spines; the peculiar topography of the valves, with a flat central area surrounded by
portions sloping downward at a considerable angle, and the great breadth of the gir-

@Schmidt, Atlas pl. 127. f. 1.

6 Schmidt, Atlas pl. 159. f. 8. 1890.

© Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°: pl. 6. f. 3. 1889.
@d Rabh. Beitr. 1: 4. pl. 1. f. 4. 1863.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 297

dles separating the valves make them clearly deserving of a separate generic rank.
A reference is made by L. W. Bailey to these forms having been recorded by his father
under the generic name Grymaia, which has never been published except as a
synomym. Van Heurck spells this genus Ditylum in his text, but Ditylium in his
plates. De Toni spells it Ditylium and says in a note—* Nonnulli auctores scribunt
Ditylum, ex. gr. clarus Van Heurck.’’ I prefer to retain the original spelling as above.

Ditylum sol (Van Heur.) De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1018. 1894.
Triceratium (Ditylium) sol Van Heur. Synop. pl. 115. f. 1-2. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 152. f. 4-9. 1890.
There is a close similarity in all the forms of Ditylum that gives ground for the sus-
picion that they may eventually be found to be varieties of one species.
Found at station 4505H, Santa Cruz Light-House, Monterey Bay, Cal.

Ditylum undulatum (Bright.) Mann.

Triceratium undulatum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 154. pl. 8. f. 1-5, 8. 1858.
Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1": 6. 1873. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 5°: 17. 1878. ;

Triceratium undulatum Ehrenb.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 151. f. 41. 1890. Pant. Beitr.
Bacill. Ung. 1: pl. 18. f. 164. 1886.

Triceratium undulatum W. Smith; Lewis, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 65. 1862.

Triceratium (Ditylium) ehrenbergw Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 115. f. 7-8. 1881.
Walk. & Chase, Notes on Diat. 2: 5. pl. 4. f. 12. 1887.

Triceratium intricatum West, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 149. pl. 7. f. 5a-b. 1860.
Van Heur. Synop. pl. 114. f. 2. 1881.

Ditylum intricatum Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. 196. 1885.

Triceratium brightwellii West, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 149 (pl. 7. f. 6.
doubtful). 1860. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 114. f. 8-9. 1881.

Intylum trigonum Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 332. pl. 7. f. 6,10, 11.1861. H.L.
Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 142. 1874.

Ditylum inaequale Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 332. pl. 7. f. 12-14. 1861.

Tuffen West in his discussion of Brightwell’s forms confuses matters considerably.
He divides the latter’s T. undulatum into two species, T. intricatum and T. bright-
wellii. He speaks of the form he calls T. brightwellii as having inflated margins and
refers to Brightwell’s figure, which shows that characteristic; yet in his own figure
6a he fails to show that margin. Or, if by ‘“‘margin” he means outline, the con-
vexity he shows in his figure is lacking in the figure he mentions in Brightwell’s
plate. I take it that both of West’s forms are only varieties of Brightwell’s species.

Ehrenberg’s Discoplea undulata ® probably does not belong here; but rather is allied
to Triceratvuum radiatum Bright., a species distinct from this. It is also uncertain if his
specimen from the so-called “‘ Bermuda earth,’ referred to as Triceratium undulatum
is this species. It more probably is his Discoplea undulata. This Ralfs also looks upon
as distinct from the present species. He says ¢ that it is probably identical with 7.
crenatum Kitt. (MSS.), and that its nearly orbicular outline and crenate margin ‘ dis-
tinguish it from T. brightwellii.’’ On these grounds alone it could, however, hardly be

_ sodistinguished. There is no question that what Schmidt calls 7. undulatum Ehrenb.@

belongs here.
Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

@ Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33. X VIII. f. 3. 1854.
b Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 273. 1845.

¢ Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 939. 1861.

@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 151. f. 41. 1890.

298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

BIDDULPHIA S&S. F. Gray.

Biddulphna 8. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. 1: 294. 1821. Van Heur. Synop. 203. 1885.

Odontella C. Ag. Consp. Crit. Diat. 56.1832. Kiitz. Bacill. 137. pl. 18. f. VIII. 1-3,
6-8. 1844.

Zygoceros Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 131, 160. pl. 4. f. 11-12. 1841;
Mikrog. pl. 35. A. XXIII, f. 17.1854. Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 46: 138. 1844.

Amphitetras Ehrenb. in part; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1889: 122, 142. 1841.
Kiitz. Bacill. 135. pl. 19. f. 3. 1844.

Cerataulus Ehrenb. in part; Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 847. 1861. Cleve,
Journ. Quek. Micr, Club II. 2: 171. 1885. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 97. 1889; 3:
pl. 29. f. 421. 1893.

Triceratium Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 129, 159. pl. 4. f. 10.
1841, in part. Roper, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 2: 283. f. 1. 1854. Bright. 4: 274.
pl. 17. f. 9-12. 1856.

Denticella Ehrenb.; Ehrenb. in Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 207. 1841. Grun.
Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 59. 1884.

Odontotropis Grun.; in part, De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 881. 1894.

In including the above genera, wholly or in part, in Biddulphia a generic unity is
attained that is most desirable. This fact has long been appreciated by most diato-
mists, and the synonymy here enumerated is essentially that of Grunow, Van Heurck,
Brun, Witt, Boyer, etc. A careful study of these forms convinces me that the plan
adopted in De Toni’s Sylloge Algarum of reestablishing Odontella, Zygoceros, Denti-
cella, and Cerataulus as independent generais unwise. No set of distinguishing charac-
teristics important and constant enough to serve as generic definitions can be found for
these names. Although this will become sufficiently evident in considering the sepa-
rate species following, an illustration or two may be here mentioned. For example, a
comparison of Odontella obtusa Kiitz.,4 with Biddulphia roperiana Grev.,® and of these
two with Cerataulus galapagensis Schmidt, ¢ will make it clear how futile it is to attempt
to make generic distinctions between these three diatoms. The genus Zygoceros is
deservedly obsolete; compare Z. radiatus Bail.¢ with Biddulphia balaena (Ehrenb.)
Bright.e| Amphitetras might be blended with that unscientific complex “ Tricera-
tium,’’ a genus made up chiefly of evident forms of Biddulphia, but in its general
structure, in the markings and processes of the valves, and in the zigzag, chain-like
growth of its members it is so typical a Biddulphia that the example of Van Heurck,
Boyer, and others, in classing most of its species as Biddulphia certainly deserves
imitation. The genus Triceratium is chiefly made up of biddulphoid forms, which
are here classed in this genus. A full discussion of the relationship between Biddul-
phia and Triceratium will be given under the genus Trigonium. See also remarks
under the genera Aulacodiscus and Porpeia.

Biddulphia alaskiensis Mann, sp. nov. PuateE XLVI, Figure 1.

Valve broadly oval, nearly circular, evenly and strongly convex, the two proc-
esses barely elevated above the surface of the valve; markings of minute and purely
radial beading, there being, however, a slight curvature of the lines toward the sides
of the two processes; a few minute spines scattered irregularly over the surface of

aKiitz. Bacill. pl. 18. VIII. f. 1-3. 1844; or Van Heur. Synop. pi. 100. f. 11-14.
1881.

b Van Heur. Synop. pl. 99. f. 4-6. 188h. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 7: pl. 8. f.
11-13. 1859.

«Schmidt, Atlas pl. 115. f. 8. 1888.

@ Smithson. Contr.”"Knowl. 7: pl. 1. f. 29. 1854.

¢ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: pl. 9. f. 15. 1859; or Van Heur. Synop. pl. 112. f. 1. 1887.

a ane

DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. I2OG

MANN

the beading; a single large horn, placed near the margin, one-fourth the distance
between one process and the other and pointing radially outward; border narrow
and hyaline.

Length of valve, 0.063 mm.; width of valve, 0.053 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590135, from station 3399H, Bering Sea,
August 20, 1893; 12,041 fathoms, bottom of green mud and sand.

This minute species is essentially the same as that figured by Schmidt and marked
“n. s.?.’? It is if anything more nearly circular than Schmidt's figure. It has a
slight resemblance to B. edwardsii Feb. in some of its broad varieties. I find it, how-
ever, impossible to assign it to that species.

Biddulphia antediluviana (Ehrenb.) Van Heur. Synop. 207. 1885. ;

Amphitetras antediluviana Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 142. 1841.

Kiitz. Bacill. 135. pl. 19. f. 3, pl. 29. f. 86. 1844. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 318.
f. 86. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 858. pl. 11. f. 21-22. 1861. Ehrenb.
Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 19, pl. 21. f. 25a-c. 1854. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2:
47. pl. 44. f. 318, pl. 44. f. 318a. 1856. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 1!>: 41. f. 53D.
1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 899. 1894. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 99. f. 1-4, 6-9. 1886.

Triceratium antediluvianum Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 24. 1870. Van

Heur. Synop. pl. 109. f. 4-5. 1881. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 11°: 50. f. 60. 1896.

Biddulphia vesiculosa Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 716. 1901. ?

Although this diatom is plainly a Biddulphia, it has been so long and widely re-
ferred to as Amphitetras antediluviana that many authors are reluctant to drop the
untenable generic name. Van Heurck in his plates carries out Grunow’s suggestion
of making it a Triceratium; but in the text of his Synopsis, published four years
later, the above name is assigned.@ This is certainly its proper place, rather than
with Triceratium; for if that genus is to be weeded out and under the name Trigo-
nium to be so reconstructed as to scientifically denote a class of forms not at present
assignable elsewhere it must be freed from such manifest Biddulphia forms. as this.
As there is room for some doubt, expressed by De Toni and others, of this species
being identical with Agardh’s Diatoma vesiculosum > or Isthmia vesiculosa,¢ I do not
here adopt the specific name assigned by Boyer above, but follow the opinion of Van
Heurck, who in this respect agrees with Ehrenberg, Kiitzing, Ralfs, and Grunow.

Some of the figures of this diatom, notably those by Kiitzing, Pritchard, and Wolle,
(those of the last copied from Van Heurck),¢ are so unlike this form as to be utterly
misleading.

Found at stations 2680H, 2807, 2835, off central California to Galapagos Islands.

Biddulphia aurita (Lyng.) Breb. & God. Consid. Diat. 12. 1838. W. Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat.1: 49. pl. 45. f. 319. 1853. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18622:
16. pl. 1A. f. 9. 1862. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 311. 1864. O’Meara, Proc. Roy.
Irisn Acad. WM. 2: 274. pl. 27. f. 8. 1875. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl.
19. f. 9. 1875. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 122. f. 6. 1888. Van Heur. Synop. 205. pl.
98. f. 4-12. 1881-5. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 96. f. 9-11. 1890.

Diatoma auritum Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 182. pl. 62. f. D. 1819.

OdonteMa aurita C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 56. 1830-32. Kiitz. Bacill. 137. pl. 29. /. 88.
44. De Toni, Syl. Alg. 2: 862. 1894.

Denticella aurita Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A. XXJII. f. 7. 1854. Bail. Am. Journ.
Sci. LI. 22: 1. pl. 1. f. 26-28. 1856.

#Van Heur. Synop. 207. 1885.

6C. Ag. Syst. Alg. 7. 1824.

eC. Ag. Consp. Crit. Diat. 55. 1830-1832.
¢@ Yan Heur. Synop. pl. 103. f. c. 1881.

300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Denticella gracilis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 204. 1841.

Biddulphia sansibarwca Schmidt, Atlas pl. 122. f. 10-12. 1888.

Denticella zanzibarica De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 886. 1894.

This well-known and variable species is met with in large quantities at some of the
stations, especially at stations 2844 and 3361H. At station 3569H it is present, but
very rare. A minute and strongly divergent variety occurs at station 4029H, which
is the same as that figured in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 122, figures 10 to 12, and named
B. sansibarica Schmidt. There can be no reasonable doubt of this being B. aurita if
a careful examination is made of its many varieties, or even if, taking Schmidt’s own
figures, we compare figure 2 and figure 7 with figure 12, and also figure 8 with figures
10 and 11 in plate 122. De Toni not only accepts them as specifically distinct, but
assigns them to separate genera. (See the citations above. )

Found at stations 2287H, 2690H, 2844, 2848, 2859, 2882, 2920H, 3361H, 3569H,
3635H, 3671H, 3688H, 3691H, 3692H, 3694H, 3704H, 3912H, 4013H, 4014H, 4029H,
off central California to Bering Sea and south to Honshu and Hawaiian islands.

Biddulphia biquadrata (Jan.) Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 717. 1901.

Triceratium biquadratum Jan.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 98. f. 4-6, pl. 99. f. 25-26. 1886.

Jan. Gaz. Exped. pl. 11. f. 1, 4-6.

I include figures 25 and 26 in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 99, as they are certainly the
same species as that figured in plate 98. Both come from the Gazelle Expedition.
Triceratium junctum Schmidt 4 is very close to the above.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Biddulphia consimilis (Grun.) Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 709. 1901.

Tricerattuum consimile Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 108, f. 2. 1881. Schmidt,

Atlas pl. 84. f. 18-14. 1885.

The above figures need to be taken together. Schmidt’s representation of the
general form is excellent, but his figure and description of the secondary markings
are wrong. Grunow’s own figure cited above shows that these are not a central nodule
surrounded by a faint circle, but a central nodule and a row of bright bead-like
puncta close to and parallel to the walls of the hexagons. The nodule and the
puncta are in two planes of focus, so that when the nodule is distinct the row of
puncta assumes the appearance of a ring. Hence Schmidt’s mistake.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Biddulphia culcitella Mann, sp. nov. Pirate XLVI, ricureE 3.

Valve rectangular, the four sides sharply concave; the four horns or processes
narrow and slightly prolonged beyond the border line; markings of beading, evenly
and finely distributed over the entire valve in rows radial from the center, where six
or eight beads are loosely grouped to form an indistinct rosette; valve surface very
slightly convex until close to the margin, where it curves rapidly downward to the
ribbed border; all specimens are marked with two sets of strong hyaline ridges, one
forming a circle about the center with a diameter of one-half that of the valve, the
other set consisting of two parallel ridges proceeding backward from the base of each
of the four processes for a short distance, about one-eighth the diameter of the valve,
where they separate at right angles and end at the margin.

Diameter of valve (between two apices), 0.081 mm.

Type in the U. 8. National Museum, No. 590136 from station 2807, Galapagos
Islands, April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud. :

This form is of the ‘‘Amphitetras?’ type,and would be classed by some authors in
that genus (here united with Biddulphia) and by others in Triceratium, from which
these Biddulphia forms are here removed. 3

4@Schmidt, Atlas pl. 98. f. 1-3, 19. 1886.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 301

Biddulphia dubia (Bright.) Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 508. 1883. Boyer,

Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 707. 1901.

Odontidium punctatum Roper ?, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 180. pl. 9. f. 9. 1859.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 23. f. 9. 1890.4

Triceratium bullosum Witt, Journ. Mus. Godef. 1: 67. pl. 8. f. 4. 1873.

Triceratium dubium Bright. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 7: 180. pl. 9. f. 12. 1859.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 78. f. 26-30. 1882.

Triceratium (or Biddulphia) bicorne Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 5°: 17. pl. 4.
f. 30. 1878.

Amphitetras bicornis De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 902. 1894.

Though this species has sometimes a rather close resemblance to minute specimens of
B. reticulata Roper, and this led me fora time to make it a variety of the latter, a careful
examination of many specimens of both forms, abundantly supplied in some of the
dredgings, shows them to be essentially distinct. B. dubia is always small, its reticula-
tions irregular and of unequal size, their dividing walls thick and crinkled, the border
massive, and the valve outline rhombic. In B. reticulata, on the other hand, a larger
diatom, the reticulations are quite regular, generally hexagonal, with thin dividing
walls showing ‘‘knots®’ at their points of juncture, the border is not so massive, and the
valve outline is either elliptical or with convex sides approaching that figure. Both
species have secondary dotted markings within the reticulations, but those of B. reticu-
lata are smaller and more distinct. The general similarity of these two species has, I
think, led to the naming of Schmidt’s figures ® ‘‘B. reticulata Roper, var.?’’ whereas
they are certainly closer to B. dubia. The union of Triceratium bicorne Cleve, and
Triceratium bullosum Witt, which is recognized by De Toni¢ and by Boyer,¢ is rather
difficult to admit, in view of Witt’s carefully drawn figure and his plain description.
Yet the close similarity of Witt’s form to Triceratium dubium Bright. is undeniable, as
is also the specific identity of T. dubiuwm and T. bicorne. In fact, we have here an
illustration of how misty and indefinable our specific boundaries really are, and how
subsequently discovered specimens may bridge over the wide gap that separates
apparently quite unlike species. Thissame condition has been previously referred to
under Auliscus punctatus and A. pruinosus Bail.

Found at station 2885, off Oregon.

Biddulphia edwardsii Febiger; H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 623. 1874. Boyer,

Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 701. 1901.

Odontella edwardsii Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 100. f. 9-10. 1881. Grun. Denkschr.
Akad. Wien 487: 57. pl. 2. f. 20. 1884. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 865. 1894.

Biddulphia obtusa Ralfs, err. det. in Van Heur. Synop. pl. 100. f. 11-14. 1881.

Biddulphia polycanthos Brun. Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 12. pl. 72.
f. 8a-b. 1891.

Odontella ? polycanthos De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 865. 1894.

I find two well-marked varieties of the above polymorphic diatom. One corresponds
closely to what Brun (loc. cit.) has called’B. polycanthos, and that, too, in the forms
both with and without the large spines. Brun therefore erroneously makes these
spines a mark of specific distinction for hisform. Nor can the difference of B. edwardsvi,
having diagonal and B. polycanthos vertical lines of beading on the girdle, be admitted.
For in most gatherings of B. edwardsii, where there is considerable diversity in size,
both patterns of marking can be seen in abundance. Such, for example, is the case in
the H. L. Smith type-slide no. 623 in possession of the U. 8S. National Museum. This

a Cf. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 641. 1892.
6 Schmidt, Atlas pl. 78. f. 21-23.

¢ De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 973. 1894.

d Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 707. 1901.

302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

species of Brun must, therefore, be ranked as a variety of the above. The second
variety, found at station 2807, is the form called Odontella obtusa (Kiitz.) Ralfs.¢
It is clearly a small variety of this species, exact examples being easily found
in most large gatherings, as in the above-mentioned type-slide of H. L. Smith. But
it is doubtful ifthis is the genuine Odontella obtusa Kiitz., which seems to have
a much closer resemblance to B. roperiana Grey.b Thus Kiitzingé figures it as
a smoother diatom than B. edwardsti, as does also Ralfs,¢4 and under its synony-
mous name of O. biddulphioides Wigande it also differs greatly. I therefore have
not included this in the above synonymy. B. primordialis Brun/ is also omitted
as a synonym. The figures of the two species are often quite close. But typical
specimens of B. primordialis are frequent in gatherings made at stations 2844 and 3263H
and when these dre compared with examples of B. edwardsii the difference is seen to
be far too wide to admit of their union. It is perhaps a comparison of the figures of
these two diatoms, rather than the specimens themselves, that has led Grove to unite
them.g De Toni” notes the similarity of the two, but gives Brun’s form separate rank.
I can not agree with H. L. Smith? in considering this species as ‘‘a hirsute variety of
B. roperiana Grey.”’

The specimens found by me were mostly large forms, ranging from 0.095 mm. in
station 3604 (Bering Sea) to 0.14 mm. in station 2848, south of Alaska peninsula.

Found at stations 2287H, 2807, 2848, 3604, 3693H, 4013H, off Alaska peninsula, to
Bering Sea and south to Honshu Island, ey

Biddulphia extensa Mann. sp. noy. Piate XLVI, ricures 1, 2.

Valve an elongated and perfectly symmetrical ellipse, about four and one-half times
as long as wide, elegantly beaded with fine, round, closely set beads, radiating from a
small circular hyaline central area, the lines so arranged as to form concentric ellipses
on either half of the valve, these extending from the circular central area to the bases
of the long vertical horns arising near the apices of the valve; of the lines radiating
from the center only the two coinciding with the median transverse axis straight, the
others curving in conformity with the two ellipses; two stout, straight, and long spines
set on opposite sides of the central area, half way between the valve’s longitudinal and
transverse axes, and spread upward and outward; in zonal view the valve showing the
two horns to be long, tapering, and vertical, and broadened into a flat-topped apex, thisa
little higher than the much elevated central area; the base of the valve joined to the
girdle by a curved line; approximate valves of adjoining frustules united by the
tips of the horns and further connected by a pellucid film-like silicious membrane
at the center, parting and narrowing toward the apices; the two central areas almost
touching, and the four long spines arising from these interlocked, the two from each

valve being on opposite sides of the other valve.

In the single dredging in which this species was found it isabundant; but I have not
been able to find any certain remains of the connecting girdle.

Length of valve, 0.130 mm; width of valve, 0.028 mm.

Type in U.S. National Museum, No. 590137, from station 4505 H, Santa Cruz light-
house, Monterey Bay, Cal.; 10 fathoms.

a Van Heur. Synop. pl. 100. f. 11-14. 1881.

b Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: pl. 8. f. 11-18. 1859.

¢ Kiitz. Bacill. 137. pl. 18. VIII. f. 1-3, 6-8. 1844.

d Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 848. pl. 13. f. 30-32A. 1861.
e Hedw. 2: 45. pl. 7. f. 21. 1860.

‘Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 81!: 12. pl. 13. f. 9, pl. 14. f. 9. 1891.
g Schmidt, Atlas pl. 172. /. 4.

h De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 864. 1894.
¢Am. Journ. Micr. 4: 101. 1879.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 303

Biddulphia favus (Ehrenb.) Van Heur. Synop. 208. 1885. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila.
1900: 706. 1901.

Triceratium favus Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 159. pl. 4. f. 10.
1841; Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 17. 1854; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 323,
443. pl. 3. VII. f.10. 1843. Kitz. Bacill. 139. pl. 18. f. 11.1844. W.Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat. 1: 26. pl. 5. f. 44, pl. 30. f. 44. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 855.
pl. 11. f. 43-44. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 82. f. 1, 3, 4. 1885. Jan. Abh. Schles.
Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1862?: 15. pl. 1B. f. 9.1862. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 99. f. 1, 2.
1890. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 107. f. 1-4.1881. H.L.Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 598.
1874. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 277. 1875. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1:
315. f.87.1864. Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad.Wiss. Berl. 1839: 159. pl. 4. f. 10a-b.
1841. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 13. f. 29. 1875. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise
Novara Bot. 1: 24. 1870. Grun. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 126. f. 5-7. 1888. Carp.
Micro. ed. 8. 613. f. 442.1901. Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 60. 1879.
Kain, Bull. Torr. Club 14: 29. 1887. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 21. pl. 6.
f.8, pl. 7. f.8.1888. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 1. f. 6.1890. Named varieties: Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 82. f. 2,11, pl. 84. f. 4. 1885; pl. 93. f. 4. 1886. Bright. Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sci. 4: 274. pl. 17. f. 7. 1856. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 9. f.7. H. L. Smith,
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 599.1874. Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 107. f.5.1881. Kitz.
Sp. Alg. 140: 1849. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 109. pl. 6. f. 1, pl.9. f. 3. 1886.
Kitt. Mo. Micr. Journ. 12: 219. pl. 82. f. 7-8. 1874.

Triceratium comptum Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1843: 166. 1844. Bright.
Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 249. pl. 4.f. 4.1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 857.
1861. .

Triceratium megastomum Bright. err. det. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 248. pl. 4. f. 7.
1853. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 7. f. 7. 1890 (not Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 35A X VII. f. 14.
1854. nor Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 855. 1861).

Triceratium muricatum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 249. pl. 4. f. 5. 1853.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 1. f. 5. 1890. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 856. 1861. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 83. f. 8-10. 1885. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 923. 1894.

Triceratium scitulum Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 250. pl. 4. f. 9. 1853.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 1. f. 9. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 83. f. 11-16. 1885. Grun. in
Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 24. 1870. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 922. 1894. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 857. 1861.

Triceratium grande Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 249. pl. 4. f. 8. 1853. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 1. f. 8. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 82. f. 5. 1885. De Toni, Notar. 3:
626. 1888. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 54. pl. 4. f. 33. 1886. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 856. 1861. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 21. pl. 6. f. 10, pl. 7. f. 7.
1888. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 104. f. 1. 1890.

Triceratium fimbriatum Wallich, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 247. pl. 12. f. 4-9. 1858.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 82. f. 6-7. 1885.

Biddulphia grandis Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 706. 1901.

The necessity of classing this as a Biddulphia becomes evident as soon as we dis-
regard the unimportant fact that it is often found in triangular form. So far as my
experience goes, it is quite as abundant in sea dredgings in the quadrate form. It is
the dominant species of stations 2915H to 2921H, 3008H, 3010H, 3013H, 4430H, 4502H,
and 4571H, where it occurs in immense quantities and without any of the triangular
varieties present. H. L. Smith’s type 599 is a similar case. He marks it “Tuscarora
soundings S. of Sandwich Isl. 1468 fms.,’’ the locality, therefore, corresponding almost
exactly with station 3008H. Five to 8-angled forms are frequent in all large gather-
ings. But whether of triangular form or not, this species, seen from the valval side,
but especially from the zonal side, with its hornike processes at the angles and its
peculiar set of the valves on the girdle, is shown to be an almost typical example of
Biddulphia. Like all the other members of this genus, it is either marine or fossil.

RN

304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

I am at present unable to include in this species some forms so classed by other
writers. Thus Trice ratium orientale Bail. & Harv.¢ is hardly close enough to a grande
Bright., which it most resembles, to make me certain that it can be rightly identified
with that form. It is, however, so disposed of by Habirshaw,? and is classed by him as
a synonym of Biddulphia grandis (Bright.) Boyer, which is in this paper united with
B. favus. The same is true of Triceratium cuspidatum Jan., which Boyer unites with
this species, and De Toni is disposed to class with his emended genus Amphitetras. It
is figured by Schmidt and also by Janisch.¢ A question might also be raised as to the
rather divergent varieties above united with this species, viz, Triceratium muricatum
Bright. and 7. seitulum Bright. But Schmidt says,¢ “Ob 7. muricatum und secitulum
mehr sind als kleine Formen von 7. favus ist noch genauer zu untersuchen,”’ and
Ralfs¢ says of 7. scitulum, “Except in its smaller size, we see not how this species
differs from 7. favus."’ The 7. scitulum variety is abundant at station 3604, which
also contains fine examples of sexangular and octangular specimens of 7. grande.

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2915H, 2916H, 2917H, 2918H, 2919H, 2920H, 2921H,
3008H, 3010H, 3013H, 3604, 4430H, 4571H, Galapagos Islands to Bering Sea and
Hawaiian Islands.

Biddulphia gladiorum Mann, sp. nov. Pirate XLVII, riaure 4.

Valve elongated-oval, flat to nearly the full outline of the frustule, then bending
perpendicularly downward in a broad band to the line of suture with the girdle; top
and vertical sides of the valve delicately beaded with Pleurosigma-like markings; the
two terminal processes, corresponding to horns in similar species, here scarcely raised
above the surface of the valve, appearing as small obliquely inclined rings; five stout
setae, tapering to an acute point, and occasionally imperfectly forked, set close to the
margin of the flat portion of the valve, their bases broadened and extending into a low
delicate hyaline comb or ridge, thus forming a connecting line between the setae; a
thread-like hollow central line within the setae extending to near the tip; two of the
setae next to and interior to the two processes.

Length of valve, 0.11 mm.; length of setae, 0.043 to 0.06 mm.

Type in the U. 8S. National Museum No. 590138, from station 4029H, Bering Sea,
June 27, 1900; 813 fathoms, bottom of gray sand and clay.

This diatom finds its nearest likeness in Biddulphia spinosa Grev./, though as to the
flat top of the valve when seen in zonal view, as well as the delicate Pleurosigma-like
markings, it resembles B. cornuta Brun.g Its distinctness from Brun’s species is due
to the absence of the long-produced horns with inflated bases, to its almost perpen-
dicular sides from the girdle to the level valve face, and to the less significant difference
in the shape and number of the spines. It belongs to that group of the Biddulphiae
which De Toni” places in the genus Denticella, in conformity with Grunow’s sugges-
tion.’ This grouping, which I do not consider to have any generic value, would bring
together many similar forms of which Biddulphia mobiliensis (Bail.) Grun., may be
taken as the type; diatoms of relatively large size but of exceedingly delicate silica

a Proc. Acad. Phila. 6: 430. 1854. Wilkes Explor. Exped. 17: 179. pl. 9. f. 9. 1862.

b Hab. Cat. 337. ;

¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 84. f. 2-8. 1885. Jan. Gaz. Exped. pl. 11. f. 14-15.

d Op. cit. pl. 83. f. 11-16.

éPritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 857. 1861.

/ Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 6. pl. 1. f. 3. 1865. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 62. f. 3.
1890.

9 Le Diatomisie 2: 74. pl. 6. f. 3. 1894.

hDe Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 882-886. 1894.

iDenkschr. Akad. Wien 48%: 58. 1884,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 305

walls, having two more or less produced horns at the extremities of the oval or elliptical

valves, and further ornamented with from two to many long vertical and generally

acuminate setae or spines.

Biddulphia granulata Roper, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 7: 13, pl. 1. f. 10-11, pl. 2.
f. 12. 1859. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 25. f. 10-11, pl. 26. f. 12. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 122. f. 18. 1888. Van. Heur. Synop. pl. 99. f. 7-8; pl. 101. f. 4. 1881. Boyer,
Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 702. 1901.

De Toni places this as a synonym under Denticella turgida Ehrenb. The unfigured
description of that species by Ehrenberg > can not afford any satisfactory grounds for
uniting these two.

Found at stations 3513, 3603, Bering Sea.

Biddulphia grundleri Schmidt, Atlas pl. 118. f. 22-24. 1888.

Although this might easily be considered a variety of B. pulchella Gray, I find
sufficient contrast to warrant the acceptance of Schmidt’sname, at least for the present.
Not only the scarcely observable marking of the rounded ends of the horns mentioned
by him in the above citation, but the large, widely set, and prominent beads which
mark the valves of my specimens, instead of the more thickly set beading or reticu-
lated marking of B. pulchella, present too strong a contrast to favor their union.

Found at station 4013H, east coast of Honshu Island, Japan.

Biddulphia keeleyi Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1898: 469. pl. 24. f. 4. 1898; 1900:
708. 1901.

Boyer gives three localities for this diatom, the last being Monterey Bay, California,
and marks it ‘“‘rare.’’ In the single sounding where it appears, also made in Monterey
Bay, it is abundant.

Found at station 4505H, near Santa Cruz light-house, Monterey Bay, Cal.

Biddulphia levis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1843: 122. i844. Boyer, Proc. Acad.
Phila. 1900: 712. 1901.

Odontella polymorpha Kitz. Bacill. 138. pl. 29. f. 90. 1844.

Cerataulus levis Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 847. pl. 6. f. 7. 1861 (not Biddulphia
levis (Ehrenb.) Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 848. 1861, which is Denticella
levis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 204. 1845, and Odontella levis Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. 136. 1849). Schmidt, Atlas pl. 116. f. 13-15. 1886.

Cerataulus polymorphus Van Heur. Synop. pl. 104. f. 3-4. 1881.

This diatom, well deserving the specific name given by Kiitzing, polymorpha, was

found in only one sounding. It was there unusually large and smooth.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Biddulphia luminosa (Brun & Temp.) Mann. Puate XLVI, Ficure 5.
Triceratium luminosum Brun & Temp. Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:
62. pl. 6. f. 3. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 159. f. 6. 1890.

The authors distingujshed this from the similar species, 7. africanum Ehrenb.,¢ T.
gratum Schmidt,¢ and T. molleri Pant.e It is, however, very close to the latter.
Two specimens were found by me, one with a length on side of 0.083 mm. and the
other with a length on side of 0.153 mm. I figure this species because the drawings
referred to above give in both instances emphasis to the dotted centers of the beads,
an aspect entirely lacking in my specimens.
Found at stations 2694H, 4029H, off southern California and Bering Sea.

4 De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 883. 1894.

b Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 207. 1841, or Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 849. 1861.
¢ Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A. XIXb. f. 1. 1854.

@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 77. f. 19. 1882.

é Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 53. pl. 6. /. 47.

306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Biddulphia mobiliensis (Bail.) Grun.; Van Heur. Synop., pl. 101. f. 4-6, pl. 108. f.
A. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 122. f. 20-21. 1888. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila.
1900: 698. 1901.

Zygoceros (Denticella?) mobiliensis Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2%: 40. pl. 2. f. 34-
35. 1851. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 850. pl. 6. f. 17. 1861.

Biddulphia baleyiW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 50. pl. 45. f. $22, pl. 62. f. 822. 1856.
Roper, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 7: 12. pl. 1. f. 5-9. 1859. O’Meara, Proc. Roy.
Irish Acad. II. 2: 275. pl. 27. f. 8. 1875. Rabh. Fl. Eur, Alg. 1: 311. 1864.

Denticella mobiliensis Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 7, 1884. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 882. 1894.

Found at stations 2923, 4505H, off southern California and near Santa Cruz Light-
house, Monterey Bay, California.

Biddulphia ovalis (Schmidt) Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 712. 1901.
Cerataulus ovalis Schmidt, Atlas pl. 115. f. 5-7. 1888.

My form is drawn to a somewhat narrower oval and the processes are in the long axis.’
Found at station 2835, off Lower California.

Biddulphia pacifica (Grun.) Mann.
Cerataulus pacificus Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 115. f. 10. 1888.

Rattray @ makes this a synonym of Auliscus ralfsianus Grev.b and Bupodiscus barba-
densis Grey., © giving to it the name Pseudoauliscus ralfsianus (Grev.) Ratt. It may be
well to look upon these as the same, in which case, the genus Pseudoauliscus not being
admitted, the name here would be A. ralfsianus Grey. My specimen is, however,
clearly a broad Biddulphia of the Cerataulus variety, and I prefer to agree with Gru-
now’s analysis, but to include here, as in all other cases, the Cerataulus forms under
Biddulphia.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Biddulphia papillata (Gr. & St.) Mann.

Triceratium papillatum Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 3: 76, pl. 6. f. 14. 1887.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 128. f. 16. 1888; pl. 167. f. 5-6, pl. 168. f.8. 1891. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 962. 1894; Notarisia 2: 351. 1887.

I found five specimens of this rare and striking diatom; one triangular and four of the
quadrate variety. The smallest, a single valve, measured 0.048 mm. on each side; the
largest, also a single valve, measured 0.137 mm. on each side; another, a complete
frustule, measured 0.087 mm. on each side and between opposite horn tips on the zonal
side it measured 0.138 mm. This last specimen showed all the curious markings fig-
ured by Grove, @ except that the central brush-like clusters of setae were broken.

It is evident that Grove and Sturt in naming this species saw it in only one position,
namely, the valval view, as they state that it is “ very rare” and that they were indebted
to Weissflog for their specimen. Their drawing is also the valval one. It is conceiy-
able that, seen from this side only, it might be called Triceratium; but how Grove,
having subsequently seen it from the zonal side, as is shown by his drawings,¢ could
have failed to reclassify it as a Biddulphia it is difficult to understand. It is a per-
fectly typical example of this genus.

The complete frustrule figured by Grove came from the Hawaiian Islands, as did
those figured by Schmidt. My specimens came from the same locality. But as the
original specimen was found in a fossil deposit at Oamaru, New Zealand, it would be

a Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 8*: 43. 1888.
b Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 52. pl. 3. f. 21. 1863.
¢ Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 12: 88. pl. 12. f. 4. 1864.
d Schmidt, Atlas pl. 168. f. 8. 1891.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 307

of geological interest to know how this rare and peculiar diatom came to be present in
these two localities.
Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Biddulphia primordialis Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 12. pl.
13. f. 9, pl. 14. f. 9.1891. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 172. f. 4. (not f, 5). 1892.
Odontella primordialis De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 864. 1894.
Grove has suggested @ this being only a variety of B. edwardsii Febiger.» I have dis-
. cussed the impossibility of looking on these two as the same spec ies under the heading
| of B. edwardsti above.
I look upon figure 5 in the above citation from Schmidt’s Atlas as an entirely dis-

tinct diatom.
~ Found at stations 2844, 3263H, off Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands.

Biddulphia pulchella Gray, Nat. Arr. 1: 294. 1821. Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond.
n. s. 10: 25. pl. 3. f. 3-4. 1862. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 48. pl. 44. f. 321.
1856. Pritch. Hist. saga ed. 4. 848. pl. 2. f. 56-60. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 118.
f. 26-82, pl. 121. f. 1-2. 1888. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 275. pl. 27.
f. 9.1875. Van ary Synop. 204. pl. 97. f. 1-5. 1881-1885. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg.1
310. 1864. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 870. 1894. “Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 1!»: 42 /.
54 A-C. 1896.

Conferva biddulphiana J. E. Smith, Eng. Bot. 25: pl. 1762. 1807?
Diatoma biddulphianum C. Ag. Syst. Alg. 5. 1824?
Denticella biddulphia Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: pl. 2. VI. f. 19.
1842.
Biddulphia quinquelocularis Kitz. Bacill. 138. pl. 19. f. 1. 1844.
Biddulphia septemlocularis Kiitz. Bacill. 138. pl. 19. f. 2. 1844.
Biddulphia trilocularis Kiitz. Bacill. 138. pl. 29. f. 89. 1844.
Biddulphia transversa Wigand, Hedwigia 2:.45. pl. 7. f. 18. 1860.
Biddulphia unifasciata Wigand, Hedwigia 2: 45. pl. 7. f. 19. 1860
Biddulphia bifasciata Wigand, Hedwigia 2: 45. pl. 7. f. 20. 1860.
Biddulphia biddulphiana Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 694. 1901.

The question of the substitution of the name Biddulphia biddulphiana (J. E. Smith)

Boyer, for the above depends on whether or not the figures given by Smith ¢ are iden-
tical with this species. There should be no question of such identity before a
name like this one, of long standing and adopted in nearly every diatom work extant,
is discarded. In this case two facts should be borne in mind, first, that this species is

similar to several other species generally recognized as worthy of separate rank which
are equally like the figures of J. E. Smith. Such are Biddulphia grundleri Schmidt,e
which is not united with this species by either De Toni or Boyer, and Biddulphia
tridens Ehrenb./ The second fact is that the figures of J. E. Smith are not those of one
species. J have, therefore, not followed Boyer in making the above specific name a
synonym under that of J. E. Smith’s

This widely distributed species is Sea tkabiy infrequent in the Pacific dredgings
examined by me. In none of the following gatherings was it at all abundant.

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2920H, 3604,. Galapagos Islands, Hawaiian Islands,
and Bering Sea.

a4 Schmidt, Atlas pl. 172. f. 4. 1892.

b Op. cit. pl. 167. f. 5-6.

¢ Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 694. 1901.

dJ. E. Smith, Eng. Bot. 25: pl. 1762. 1807.

€ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 118. f. 22-24. 1888.

J Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 21, pl. 20. I. f. 53.1854. (Zygoceros tuomeyi Bail. Am.
Journ. Sci. 46: 138. pl. 3. f. 3, 4, 8. 1844.)

~*~

a

———

30S CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Biddulphia reticulata Roper, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. 8. 7: 14. pl. 2. f. 18-15. 1859.
Moeb. Diat.—taf. pl. 26. f. 13-15. 1890. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 102. pl. 26.
f.9. 1886. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 708. 1901. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 102.
f. 1-2 (not f. 3). 1881.

Odontella? reticulata DeToni, Syll. Alg. 2: 868. 1894.

Typical examples of this diatom are plentiful in the dredging to be cited. For a dis-
cussion of the confusion between quadrate specimens of this species and B. dubia
(Bright.) Cleve, see under that species.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Biddulphia robertsiana (Grey.) Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 707. 1901.

Triceratitum robertsianum Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 231. pl. 9. f. 9. 1863;

6: pl. 2. f. 2. 1886. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 47. f. 9, pl. 71. f. 22. 1890. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 83. f. 3-7 (var.), pl. 82. f. 14-15. 1885.

This diatom is rather close to the Triceratium grande form of Biddulphia favus

(Ehrenb.) Van Heurck, both in its general shape and in the fine radiating secondary

markings. Still, the fact that the processes are very obtuse and separated by a hyaline

area from the reticulation and that the angles are not at all prominent, together with
the general presence of large spines on the sides, give it an aspect that warrants its
separate name. It is quite possible that the first of the Greville figures cited above is
of ‘‘ Triceratium grande” and his second figure that of the true type. They are very
dissimilar. The second is at any rate more like the forms classified by me in the
present species and agrees better with the description given by Greville, except in
the matter of spines, all my specimens having two stout spines near the margin of
each of the three sides. It is spoken of by Greville, Schmidt, and Boyer as very rare.
In the single gathering where I found it it is fairly abundant. Boyer says: “ Pacific
soundings 20° 10’ N., 158° 14” W., 2,507 fathoms.’ My specimens came from Pacific
soundings 21° 21’ N., 157° 09’ W., and though the depth is only 570 fathoms, the loca-
tion is right on the edge of a deep plain averaging 2,500 fathoms; this particular
sounding being just close enough inshore to get the rise of the land from the true sea
bottom. This is another one of many instances described in this work where a single
species is very significant of locality on the sea bottom.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Biddulphia roperiana Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 7: 163. pl. 8. f. 11-13. 1859.

Van Heur. Synop. pl. 99. f. 4-6. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 120. f. 20-24. 1888.

H. L. Smith, Diat. Sp. Typ. no. 625. 1874. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 700.
1901. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 106. pl. 26. f. 4. 1886.

Piate XLVI, FicuRE 2.

Odontella roperiana De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 868. 1894.

It is also possible, as suggested by Boyer, that Biddulphia (Odontella) discigera Grun.
and Triceratium (Odontella discigera var.?) californicum Grun.® might be classed as
synonymous with the above; but without more light than these two figures afford I am
unwilling to agree to the suggestion. As has been stated under Biddulphia edwardsii
Febiger, I find that B. obtusa (Kiitz.) Ralfs, as figured in Van Heurck¢ agrees better
with that species than with this one, though De Toni @ favors the idea of this species
being a large form of Kiitzing’s species. As to that matter I have much doubt about
there being any close similarity between these species independent of the relation of
Van Heurck’s figures. De Toni follows the reference to Van Heurck’s figure with the
remark, ‘‘Odontella roperiana (Grey.) videtur forma major hujus speciei,’’ but he gives

« Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 700. 1901.

b Van Heur. Synop. pl. 108. f. 9, 11. 1881.
¢ Op. cit. 100. f. 17-14. 1881.

@ De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 863. 1894.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 309

separate rank to Kiitzing’s and Greville’s species. Grunow®@ says, under B. obtusa
(Kiitz.) Grun.: ‘‘Hierher scheint mir als grosse Form Bidd. roperiana Grey. zu ge-
héren.’? Grunow here incorrectly credits the inclusion of Kiitzing’s species in
Biddulphia to himself, an error repeated by Schmidt.® It was previously so classed
_ by Ralfs.¢ I think it is on the whole best to do as Van Heurck and De Toni have done,
notice the resemblance between Kiitzing’s and Greville’s species, but keep them
separate. The same will be true of the synonym of Kiitzing’s species, Odontella bid-
dulpniodes Wigand.d A new variety is here figured.
Found at stations 3604, 3688H, 3712H, Bering and Okhotsk seas.

Biddulphia scutellum Mann sp. noy. PuateE XLVII, Ficure 3.

Valve an elongated oval, the surface evenly convex except for a circular central
area as wide as the valve, this flat (not concave); markings of the central area,
fine beading in radiating rows from two approximate foci; of the rest of the valve, of
similar beading in rows running chiefly parallel with the long axis of the valve; in
addition to this beading, minute pointed processes scattered evenly over the entire
valve, as in valves of B. edwardsii Febiger; the two processes, short, broad, and circu-
lar, close to the ends of the valve.

Length of valve, 0.152 mm.; width of valve, 0.058 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590139, from station 2844, off Aleutian
Islands, July 28, 1888; 54 fathoms, bottom of gray sand.

The nearest species to this one is Biddulphia obtusa (Kiitz.) Ralis, in the doubtful
figure of it given in Van Heurck, ¢ which, as before stated, is somewhat nearer to B.
edwardsii Febiger. This fact, taken in connection with the presence of fine spines
scattered over my specimens similar to those on B. edwardsii, makes it possible that
both this species and the forms figured in Van Heurck are extreme varieties of
Febiger’s species. On the other hand, both may be representatives of a separate
species. My specimen differs from that figured by Van Heurck in having no concavity
at the center, in the size of the beading, and in the central area being the full width
of the valve.

Biddulphia setigera (Bail.) Mann.

Triceratium spinosum Bail. Am. Journ. Sci. 46: 139. pl. 8. f. 12. 1844. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 853. pl. 6. f. 19. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 87. f. 2-5, 7, 18-15.
1885.

Triceratium setigerum Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 11. f. 26. 1854.

Triceratium armatum Roper, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 2: 283. /. 1. 1854; 4: 274. pl. 17.
f. 9-12. 1856. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 9. f. 9-12. 1890. W. Smith, Synop. Brit.
Diat. 2: 87.1856. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5°: 15. 1878. Castr. Rep.
Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 109. pl. 6. f. 2. 1886.

Triceratium serratum Wall. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 243. pl. 12. f. 1-3. 1858.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 855. 1861. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 16. f. 1-8. 1890. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 973. 1894, as synonym of Amphitetras.

Biddulphia spinosa Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 703. 1901.

From the above are excluded some forms united by other authors. The variety
named ornata by Grove & Sturt / is not at all like this species, but is nearer Triceratium
ornatum Shadb., as the authors suggest. But it possibly represents a new species.

a Grun. Reise Novara Bot. 1: 23. 1870.

b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 122. f. 30. 1888.

¢ Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 848. 1861.

d Hedwigia 2: 45. pl. 7. f. 21. 1860.

e Van Heur. Synop. pl. 100. f. 11-14. 1881.

f Journ. Quek. Micr, Club IL. 2: 329. pl. 19. f. 20. 1886.

310 cONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Triceratium tridactylum Bright.¢ has long-attenuated processes, delicate reticulation,
and a strikingly distinct border. Ralfs, De Toni, and Boyer unite it with the above,
but Schmidt and others consider them distinct. I agree with this latter view. TI also
exclude 7. pileus Ehrenb.,® which Schmidt ¢ looks upon as synonymous with 7. spi-
nosum Bail. The resemblance is not worth considering. Grunow’s claim that
T. spinosum Bail. is only a triangular form of Biddulphia granulata Roper is equally
untenable. The borders are very different,and the whole build of B. granulata,
especially its reticulation, is much finer and more delicate than in 7. spinosum.

As the name Biddulphia spinosa has been applied by Grevilled to a quite different
diatom and as I consider Grunow’s assignment of this species of Greville’s to Denti-
cella ¢ to be made on inadequate grounds, the original specific name of Bailey is pre-
empted, and the choice lies between Bailey’s 7. setigerum and Roper’s T. armatum.
Both were published in 1854; but as Bailey’s article appeared in February and Roper’s
somewhere near the close of the year, I have selected the name assigned by Bailey.
My form is a large and elegant variety of this variable species. It shows a distinct
inner triangular area symmetrical with the outer triangle, its reticulation showing no
radiation; but outside of this triangle the reticulation is radial, running vertically to
the edge, while a few rows of the network form broad lines running from each apex of
the inner triangle to the base of each horn-like process in the angles of the outer tri-
angle. No suture exists between these various portions of the valve, but the pattern
is made very evident by the arrangement of the reticulation,

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Biddulphia shadboltiana (Grev.) Mann.
Triceratium ? gibbosum Harv. & Bail. Proc. Acad. Phila. 6: 181. pl. 9. f. 32. 1853;
7: 430. 1854. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 80. f. 13-15, 17, 21. 1882.

Triceratium orbiculatum Shadb. err. det. Bright. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 4: 276. pl.
17. f. 20. 1856.

Triceratium shadboltianum Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 10: 28. 1862. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 108. f. 5-7. 1881. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 80. f. 18-20. 1882. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 954. 1894.

Triceratium elongatum Grun. in Schmidt, Atlas pl. 80. f. 12. 1882.

Lampriscus kittont Schmidt, Atlas pl. 80. f. 11. 1882.

I think there is sufficient ground for rejecting Triceratiwm orbiculatum Shadb. in
connection with this species. Greville explains with care / that Brightwell confused
another form with the original 7. orbiculatum of Shadbolt. This is borne out by
Shadbolt’s description and figure,g the figure being reproduced by Moebius.* Shad-
bolt mentions no spines, and they are omitted from the figure by Tuffin West, which
clearly argues they were not there. It is true, as Boyer ¢ has pointed out, that Bright-
well’s species may be with or without spines, a statement that I can confirm. But
though Brightwell’s species may resemble Shadbolt’s in not having spines, that does
not mean that Shadbolt’s species resembles Brightwell’s further than in this negative
quality. Greville, in conferring the name shadboltianum on the misnamed species
of Brightwell, clearly emphasizes their differences and Ralfs/ repeats this distinction.

@ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1: 248. pl. 4. f. 3. 1853.

6 Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 18. 1854.

¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 87. f. 18. 1885.

@d Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 6. pl. 1. f. 3. 1865.
¢ Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 58. 1884.

/ Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 10: 28. 1862.

9 Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 14. pl. 1. f. 6. 1854.
hMoeb. Diet.-taf. pl. 3. f. 6. 1890.

i Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 710. 1901.

jPritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 853. 1861.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 311

Certainly so capable a delineator of the Diatomaceae as Tuffen West would not figure
Shad bolt’s species so differently from Brightwell’s, in the matter of cellulation, if they
were specifically near enough to be united. We can, of course, go only by the figure
and description and by the opinions of Greville and Ralfs; but in the absence of type
material to examine, I consider it best to drop Shadbolt’s species out of this category
and unite the other forms above enumerated under the name given by Greville.

Found at station 3698, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Biddulphia subjuncta Mann, sp. nov. Pirate XLVI, ricure 4.

Valve square, the angles rounded and the sides slightly concave; marking of large,
flat bosses, oval or subsquare, radially arranged from the center, which is without
hyaline area; central portion within a circle, one-half the diameter of the valve, flat,
thence the valve slightly convex to the border; the four processes set at the extremity
of the rounded angles, broad, nearly sessile, with heavy investing rings and tipped to an
angle of 45° to the surface of the valve; each bead punctate with a strong central dot.

Width of valve, 0.063 mm.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590140, from station 2808, Galapagos
Islands April 4, 1888; 634 fathoms, bottom of coral sand.

I am compelled to name this diatom, but do so reluctantly. It is one-of a variable
group already including many close species, which will need eventually to be revised
and condensed when subsequent intermediate forms are discovered. At such time
this species should probably disappear. In general markings it is like Triceratiwm
biquadratum Jan.,4 except for the unimportant difference of a circular instead of a
quadrate arrangement of the central portion of the valve, a character made prominent
in the name given by Janisch. But in addition to the minor differences in marking,
the processes at the angles are very broad and sessile, like those figured in T. elegans
Grev.,° a phase of Greville’s species in rather too wide contrast to his own represen-
tation.¢ My specimen is, on the whole, nearest to an unnamed figure of Schmidt’s.¢@

Biddulphia turgida (Ehrenb.?) W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 50. pl. 62. f. 384.
1856. Roper, Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond: n. s. 7: 17. pl. 2. f. 23. 1859. - Van Heur.
Synop. 206. 1885. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 711. 1901.

Denticella turgida Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 207. 1841?

Cerataulus turgidus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 271. 1844. Bail.
Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2%: 39. pl. 2. f. 26-27. 1851. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
846. pl. 6. f. 9.1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 115. f. 12-14, pl. 116. f. 1-3. 1888. Castr.
Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 101. pl. 26. f. 6, 8. 1886. Rabh. Fl. Cur. Alg. 1: 313.
1864.

Odontella turgida Van Heur. Synop. pl. 104. f-1-2. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 864.
1894.

The specimens found at station 3694H are quite small and wholly destitute of the

two long spines.

Found at stations 3694H, 3T12H, Okhotsk Sea.

ISTHMIA Ag.

Isthmia C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 55. 1832. Ehrenb. Infus. 208. 1838. Kiitz. Bacill. 137

1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 51. 1856. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.

Hand1.1'%: 10. 1873. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 279. 1875. Pritch.

Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 851. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 833. 1894. Van Heur. Treat.
Diat. 451. f 175. 1896.

a Schmidt, Atlas pl. 98. f. 4. 1886.
bSchmidt, Atlas pl. 99. f. 10-11. 1886.
¢ Trans. Micr. Soe. Lond. n. s. 14: 9. pl. 2. f. 24. 1866.
@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 99. f. 23. 1886.
31713—vow 10, er 5—07——7

312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Diatoma D C., in part: Lyngb. Hydro. Dan, 181. 1819. C. Ag. Syst. Alg. 6. 1824.

Biddul phia S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. 1: 294, 1821, in part,

Isthmiella Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1": 10. 1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:

S34. 1894.

The restriction of the above genus by Cleve (see above) to the single species, I. obli-
quata (J. BE. Smith.) Ehrenb., (J. nervosa Kiitz.) and the forming of a new genus,
Isthmiella, to include the species destitute of ribbing is wholly unwarranted, and has
been followed by no one but De Toni in his Sylloge Algarum.

Isthmia obliquata (J. £. Smith.) Ehrenb. Infus. 209. pl. 16. f. 5. 1838. Ralfs, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 272. pl. 8. f. 2. 1843.

Isthmia nervosa Wiitz. Bacill. 137. pl. 19. f. 5. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.
2:52. pl. 47. 1856. Rabh. Beitr. 1: 9. pl. 4. f. 12. 1863. O’Meara, Proc. Roy.
Irish Acad. Il. 2: 279. pl. 27. f. 15. 1875. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.206.
1874. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 135. f. 1-6. 1888. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 851. 1861.
Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 452. pl. 34. f. 891. 1861. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara
Bot. 1: 102. pl. 1A. f. 21. 1870.

Conferva obliquata J. E. Smith, Eng. Bot. 26: pl. 1869, 1808, in part.

Diatoma obliquatum Lyng. Hydro. Dan. pl. 62. 1819, in part. . C. Ag. Consp. Diat.
5d. 1832.

Isthmia obliquata C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 55.1832, in part. Kitz. Linnaea 8: 579. pl. 4.
f. 59. 1833.

Ehrenberg @ was the first to separate the then single species of Isthmia into two, to
the first of which, corresponding to what Kiitzing subsequently called J. nervosa, he
gave the original specific name obliquata.b To the second he gave the name enervis.¢
The name obliquata, though recognized by some writers,4 was generally dropped in
favor of the more descriptive name of Kiitzing. Boyer, in attempting to reinstate
obliquata, has done so at the expense of Ehrenberg’s enervis, an arrangement quite
impossible in view of Ehrenberg’s descriptions and figures, Kiitzing’s nervosa not
having been proposed until 1844.¢

It is remarkable how few specimens of this common marine diatom were met with in
the dredgings and soundings examined for this report, especially as, on accdunt of its
large size and massive structure, it could not have been overlooked.

Found at stations 2844, 2848, 2851, 3200H, 4013H, 4530H, south of Alaska peninsula,
off southern California and Honshu Island, Japan.

HEMIAULUS Ehrenb.

Hemiaulus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 199, 203. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 36. f. 43.
Char. emend. Heib. Krit. Overs. Danske Diat. 22, 43. 1863. Grev. Trans. Micr.
Soc. Lond. n. s. 13: 27. pl. 3. f. 5-16. 1865. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 836. 1892.
Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 455. f. 182-185. 1896. Cf. H. L. Smith, The Lens 1:89.
1872. and Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 60. 1884. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila.
1900: 738. 1901.

Corinna Heib. Krit. Overs. Danske Diat. 22, 53. pl. 3. f. 8. 1863.

Trinacria Heib. Krit. Overs. Danske Diat. 22, 50. pl. 8. f. 7. 1863. Witt, Verh. Russ.
Min. Ges. II. 22: 34. pl. 11. f. 1-11. 1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 854. 1894.

OO ——— eee ee

a Ehrenb. Infus. 209. 1838.

bOp. cit. pl. 16. f. 5.

ce Op. cit. pl. 16. f. 6.

d@ Ralis, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 272. 1843. Lagerst. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand].
1'*; 16. 1873.

e Cf. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 688, 689. 1901.

j MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 313
|

Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 317. 1864. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 67. 1884.
Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 24. 1888.

Solium Heib. Krit. Overs. Danske Diat. 22, 52. pl. 4. f. 10. 1863. Grun. Denkschr.
Akad. Wien 487: 69. pl 2. f. 61. 1884. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:860. 1894. Rabh. FI.
Eur. Alg. 1: 319. 1864.

The original genus of Ehrenberg, though practically restored by Van Heurck by
the inclusion of the three genera separated from it by Heiberg, contained some forms
that would now be classed elsewhere. Thus H. antarctica Ehrenb.@ is probably a
Biddulphia. The grounds advanced by Heiberg for dividing the genus are of the most
trivial character. As Grunow points out, Trinacria and Solium are merely triangular
and quadrangular examples of Hemiaulus; while Corinna differs simply in its frus-
__ tules appearing wedge-shaped in zonal view. It may be added that certain species of

Trinacria are indistinguishable from members of the loose genus Triceratium. The
close relation of all these forms to the genus Biddulphia is evident; a fact strikingly
illustrated by comparing Hemiaulus polymorphus Grun. with Biddulphia elegantula

Grev.¢ The genus Ploiaria Pant., represented by the single species, P. petasiformis

Pant.,¢ has great resemblance to Hemiaulus in the valval view; but when seen from

the zonal view its somewhat concavo-convex form and its apices unprotruded and des-

titute of any spines, make its union here unnecessary.

Hemiaulus polycystinorum Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 36. f. 43a-d. 1854; Ber. Akad.
Wiss. Berl. 1855: 299. 1856; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1875: 52. pl. 1./.
12-15. 1876. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 65. pl. 2. f. 43-45. 1884. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 143. f. 23-29. 1889. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 851. 1861. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 849. 1894. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 740. 1901.

Hemiaulus antarcticus Weisse in Witt, Verh. Russ. Minn. Ges. II. 22: 39. pl. 6. f.
1-2. 1886, not Ehrenb.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

PLOIARIA Pant.

Ploiaria Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 84. pl. 28. f. 403, 405.1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 860. 1894. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 457. f. 186.1896. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila.
1900: 741. 1901.

Hemiaulus Ehrenb. in part; Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 50. pl. 29. f. 295. 1886.

The separation of this genus from Hemiaulus appears to me justified. The single
species at present known differs from any species of /Hemiaulus in several respects.
In the zonal view the frustule is strongly concavo-convex and the apices are destitute
of vertical projections tipped with a claw. The center of the valve on one side is
raised into a strong dome almost or entirely wanting on the other valve. In the valval
view this central area is seen to be unseparated from the rest of the valve by rectangu-
lar boundary lines, such as appear in the similar form of Hemiaulus, known as Corinna
excavata Heib. So far as I know, the genus is exclusively fossil, and I have heard of
no cases where the frustules occur in connected series, as they do in Hemiaulus.
Ploiaria petasiformis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 84. pl. 28. f. 403, 405. 1889. De

Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 860. 1894. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 457. /. 186. 1896. Boyer,

Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 742. 1901.

Hemiaulus petasiformis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 50. pl. 29. f. 295. 1886.
Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

a ¥hrenb. Mikrog. pl. 385A. XXJ. f. 13-15, XXII. f. 15. 1854.
6 Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 60. 1884.

¢ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 143. f. 34. and pl. 119. f. 10.

d Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 84. pl. 28. f. 403, 405. 1889.

314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

TERPSINOE Ehrenb.

Terpsinoe Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 402. pl. 3. IV. f. 1, VIL.
30. 1843. Kiitz. Bacill. 128. pl. 80. f. 72. 1844; Sp. Alg. 119. 1849. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4.859. pl. 11. f. 47. 1861. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 23. 1870. —
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 894. 1894. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 732. 1901.

Pleurodesmium Kitz. Bot. Zeit. 248. 1846. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 896. 1894. Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. 115. 1849.

Tetragramma Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 7. f. 7. 1854.

Hydrosera Wall. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. 6: 251. pl. 13. 1858.

Triceratium Ehrenb. in part; Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 18°: 24. pl. 6. f. 75.
ISS 1.

This genus, though showing marked similarity to both Anaulus Ehrenb. and Por-

peia Bail. and, therefore, more remotely to Biddulphia Gray, is clearly distinct. Its
identity with the three genera enumerated in the synonymy is generally recognized,
though De Toni and a few others preserve the separate rank of Pleurodesmium and
Hydrosera. In regard to the former it is sufficient to note that the only striking differ-
ence is its finer beading of the middle band (zonal view) and coarser beading of the
lateral bands, and we find in 7. intermedia Grun., an otherwise typical T. musica, the
beading of Pleurodesmium brebissonii Kiitz., so that, as Grunow says,@ the two genera
are certainly the same. The genus Tetragramma was made on such insufficient dis-—
tinctions that Bailey himself afterwards abandoned it.b Hydrosera even in its usual
triangular form shows the music notes and all the characteristics of Terpsinoe.

Terpsinoe musica Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 402. pl. 8. IV. f. —
1, VII. f. 30. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 34. V. A. f. 10, VI. A. f. 8-8*, VI. B. f. 2. 1854.
Kiitz. Bacill. 128. pl. 30. f. 72. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 859. pl. 11. f. 47.
1861. L. W. Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 340. pl. 8. f. 52-58. 1862. Griff. &
Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 759. pl. 19. f. 33, pl. 25. f. 10. 1883. Wolle, Diat. N. A.
pl. 61. f. 6, 13-15..1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 894. 1894. Boyer, Proc. Acad.
Phila. 1900: 732. 1901. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 199. f. 9-13, pl. 200. f. 7-8. 1895.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 590. 1874.

Tetragramma americana Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 7. f. 1. 1854.

Ter psinoe javanensis Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 34. VIII. f. 16. 1854.

Terpsinoe americana Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 859. 1861. Grun. in Fenzl,
Reise Novara Bot. 1: 23. 1870. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 200. f. 9-13. 1895. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 895. 1894. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 734. 1901.

Ter psinoe magna Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 340. pl. 8. f. 46. 1862. Wolle, Diat.
N. A. pl. 61. f. 7. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 896. 1894.

Terpsinoe tetragramma Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 340. pl. 8. f. 50-51. 1862.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 61. f. 8-9. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 896. 1894.

_ Terpsinoe minima Bail. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 340. pl. 8. f. 54. 1862. Wolle, Diat.
N. A. pl. 61. f. 12 (poor). 1890.

Terpsinoe intermedia Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 59. 1884. Kain & Schultze,
Bull. Torr. Club 16: 209. pl. 93. f. 2. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 198. f. 65. 1877; pl.
199. f. 1-8, pl. 200. f. 1-6. 1895. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 733.1901. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 895. 1894.

Terpsinoe japonica Ehrenb.; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 895. 1894.

It may also be necessary to consider Hydrosera triquetra Wall.¢ as merely a triangu-
lar variety of this species, in which case the following would also belong here, as they

a Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 59. 1884.
» Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 340. 1862.
€ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 251. pl. 13. f. 1-6. 1858.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 315

are synonymous with J/7/. triquetra: H. compressa Wall. ,@ H. mauritiana Berger, LH. bor-
yana Pant.¢ Triceratium javanicum Cleve.¢ But there is doubt whether these belong
here. They would be very widely divergent varieties, and it seems best to leave them
in a combination by themselves under the specific name triquetra. 7. ( Pleurodesmium)
brebissonii Kiitz., though an evident Terpsinoe, is also in strong enough contrast to
stand specifically. I have based this conclusion on a careful comparison of the two
species in H. L. Smith’s type no. 388 (P. brebissonii) and no. 590 (7. musica) and on
the agreement of these with the figures of Ralfs in Pritchard’s History of Infusoria.é
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

PORPEIA Bail.

Porpeia Bail.; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 850. pl. 6. f.6.1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1:
315. 1864. Grev. Trans. Micr. (Soc. Lond. n.s.18: 52. pl. 6. f. 18-21. 1865. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 893. 1892. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 477. f. 208. 1896. Boyer,
Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 731. 1901.

This genus is a connecting link between Biddulphia Gray and Hemiaulus Ehrenb.
Its difference from the former is largely a matter of greater massiveness of frustule and
the internal septa; its difference from the latter is in the absence of straight or curved
spines at the ends of its processes and in its septa. In fact, a study of the zonal view
of these genera will show how little is needed to turn one into the other. Schmidt in his
Atlas / has figured aspecies which, as he says, is highly interesting, a Hemiaulus-Porpeia
with a rudimentary curved spine at the end of each process. Or, if we take figure 42
of the same plate and broaden laterally its central elevation till it presses on the two
processes, we have a Porpeia, and the two sutures between the central area and the
processes reproduce exactly the septa of Porpeia. But though this genus could in a
broad sense be united with either of the other two, Hemiaulus could not be included
in Biddulphia without abandoning entirely our present conception of it. For classi-
fication it is, therefore, certainly best to retain this genus, as is universally done.
Porpeia quadriceps Bail.; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 850. pl. 6. f. 6. 1861. Van Heur.

Synop. pl. 95bis. f. 12-14. 1881. Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 18: 52. pil.
6. f. 18-19 (pl. 8. f. 13 doubtful). 1865. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 142. f. 38, 46-56. 1889.
Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 477. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 893. 1894. Moeb. Diat.-
taf. pl. 67. f. 18-19. (pl. 68. f. 13 doubtful). 1881. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 66. f.
25 (f. 30 doubtful). 1890. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 731. 1901.

Porpeia quadrata Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 53. pl. 6. f. 20. 1865.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 67. f. 20.1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 893.1894. Van Heur.
Synop. pl. 95bis. f. 15. 1881; Treat. Diat. 477. f. 208. 1896. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl.
66. f. 88.1890. Boyer, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1900: 732. 1901.

Porpeia ornata Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 18: 53. pl. 6. f. 21. 1865. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 67. f. 21. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 894. 1894.

Porpeia robusta Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 18. pl. 3. f. 23. 1880? De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 894. 1894.

Porpeia infleca Schmidt, Atlas pl. 142. f. 58. 1889.

I think Schmidt does rightly in combining his fourteen figures above cited under

this single species. They practically are identical; figure 47 is what Greville calls P.
quadrata, and his figures 54 and 56 are Greville’s P. ornata. But I can see no reason

aQOp. cit. 252. pl. 13. f. 7-12.

b Le Diatomiste 1: 31. pl. 51. pl. 5. f. 8. 1890.

c Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 82. pl. 30. f. 420, 423. 1889.
@ Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°: 24. pl. 6. f. 75. 1881.
é Ed. 4. 859, pl. 11. f. 47. 1861.

7 Pl. 142 f. 57.

316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

for the separation by Schmidt of his P. inflera. There is but little doubt of P. robusta

belonging here; the slight difference in beading amounts to nothing, as this species

is most variable in that respect, and the lighter and more curved septa appear to me

unimportant. I have, however, followed this synonym with a question mark,
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

HEMIDISCUS Wall.

Hemidiscus Wall. Trans. Micr. Soc, Lond. n. s. 8: 42. pl. 2. f. 8-4.1860. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 852. 1861.

Euodia Bail.; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 852. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 317.
1864. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 148. 1886. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 538.
1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1324. 1894. H. L. Smith, The Lens 1: 92. 1872.

Dichomeris Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1861: 294. 1862; 1872: 265.
pl. 9. f. 8. 1873.

Palmeria Grev.; Grey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. III. 16: pl. 5. f. 1-4. 1865. Van
Heur. Treat. Diat. 538. f. 286. 1896. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 387. 1874.

Goniothecium Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33. X VIII. f. 4. 1854,in part. Griff. & Henf.
Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 347. pl. 42. f. 18. 1875.

Most diatomists have retained the name Euodia Bailey, notwithstanding the fact
that Hemidiscus of Wallich is a year older. Besides this objection to the name there
is a still stronger one in the fact that the name Euodia was used by Forster in 1776
fora genus of flowering plants of the family Rutaceae. That Euodia Bailey and Hemi-
discus Wall. are synonymous is certain, the only mark of distinction being the pseu-
donodule observed near the ventral margin of the valve by Wallich. As Ralfs remarks,¢@
this may have been overlooked by Bailey; or, as is more likely, it was absent from his
specimen. It is not infrequent to find the same forms with or without the pseudo- —
nodule, or to find a complete frustule with one valve bearing a pseudonodule and the
other lacking it. It is also impossible to hold Greville’s Palmeria as a separate genus.
The indefinite hyaline central area is the only real difference it possesses, a charac-
teristic too trivial to warrant its separation, as on the same basis we should have to
divide many other genera, such as Coscinodiscus. The other quality claimed for
Palmeria, namely, fine submarginal spines, with lines from these running radially to
the center, is not at all peculiar to Greville’s specimen. Wallich refers to the mar-
ginal processes as ‘‘marginal puncta” and figures them on the dorsal side. A careful
examination of Greville’s Palmeria in the excellent specimens of H. L. Smith’s
type slides no. 387 convinces me it is without the distinctions necessary for separate
generic rank; though it should be classed as a separate species, viz, Hemidiscus hard-
manianus (Grey.) Mann.® On the other hand, it should be here noted that the strik-
ing build of the members of this genus leads to the too easy conclusion that all
cuneiform frustules bearing a reasonably close resemblance to the original species,
Hemidiscus cuneiformis Wall., must be mere varieties of it. Of course such a conclu-
sion would be no more justified than to look upon all circular diatoms covered with a
delicate, radially arranged network of hexagons as varieties of Coscinodiscus radiatus
Ehrenb. I have, therefore, below given to two specimens found by me the separate
specific names bestowed by Castracane, although their general similarity to Wallich’s
original form is apparent.

Hemidiscus cuneiformis Wall. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 42. pl. 2. f. 8-4
1860. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 31. f. 8-4. 1890. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 853. pl. 6.
f. 14. 1861.

a Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 853. 1861.
b Ruodia hardmaniana (Grev.) H. L. Smith; Hab. Cat, 132. 1877.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. Ole

Euodia gibba Bail.; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 852. pl. 8. f. 22. 1861. H. L. Smith,
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 161. 1874. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 318. 1864. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1325. 1894. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 538. f. 285. 1896. Wolle, Diat. N.
A. pl. 68. f. 26. 1890.

Dichomeris subtilis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1861: 294. 1862; 1872:
265. pl. 9. f. 8. 1873.

Euodia inornata Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 149. pl. 12. f. 1. 1886?

The last name above is doubtful. It agrees very closely with Wallich’s figure, but

is a larger diatom with finer markings. I do not include here Ehrenberg’s Gonio-

thecium anaulus.¢ Though plainly a member of this genus, it is not easily united with
this species.o It is evidently a very coarsely marked form. MHabirshaw, though
placing it with the above, questions it. Without an accurate description, which it
lacks, I consider its union here somewhat arbitrary and illustrative of the tendency
mentioned above, to blend all similar forms with the original species of Wallich.

Hemidiscus rectus (Castr.) Mann.
Euodia recta Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 149. pl. 12. f. 3. 1886. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1326. 1894.
My specimens of this very large diatom have more evidently radial markings than
the above figure.
Found at stations 2919, 2923, off southern California.

Hemidiscus ventricosus (Castr.) Mann.
Euodia ventricosa Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 150. pl. 12. f. 5. 1886. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1326. 1894.

There is a possible doubt about this being more than a large and delicately marked
variety of H. cuneiformis Wall. But after comparing my specimens with those of
that species from several localities I have found the contrast too wide to admit of
making them synonymous.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

RUTILARIA Grev.

Rutilaria Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 227. pl. 9. f. 1-3. 1863. Grev.
Trans. Micr. Soe. Lond. n. s. 14: 124. pl. 11. f. 9-12. 1866. Cleve, Bih. Sv.
Vet. Akad. Hand]. 18°: 19. 1881 (exclusive of R. recens Cleve). De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 1020. 1894. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 433. f. 156. 1896.

The attempt to see a relationship between this genus and Nitzschia, as suggested
by Greville, or between it and Melosira, as suggested by H. L. Smith, or between it
and Cymatosira, mentioned in that view by Cleve, appear all of them rather far-
fetched.

Rutilaria epsilon (Kitton) Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 228. pl. 9. f. 1.
1833. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 47. f. 1. 1890. Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II.
3: 74 pl. 6. f. 13. 1887. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1021. 1894. Temp. & Brun,
Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 55. pl. 1. f. 12. 1891.

Nitzschia epsilon Kitton, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 228. 1863, as synonym.

Rutilarva tenwicornis Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 105. f. 10. 1881.

Rutilaria longicornis Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!:
54. pl. 1. f. 1. 1891. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 433. /. 156. 1896. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1021. 1894. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 33. f. 478. 1893.

Rutilaria heragona Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 105. f. 8. 1881. Temp. & Brun,
Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 55. pl. 1. f. 2. 1891.

a Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33, XVIII, f. 4. 1854.
6 Cf. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 347, pl. 42. f. 18. 1875.

318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Rutilaria szakalensis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 76. pl. 24. f. 855. 1889. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 1023. 1894. .

Rutilaria kernerti Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 38. f. 474. 1893. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 1024. 1894.

Rutilaria capttata Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31': 54.
pl. 1. f. 8a-b. 1891. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1022. 1894. Pant. Beitr. Bacill.
Ung. 3: pl. 33. f. 478. 1893.

Rutilaria radiata Gr. & St. Journ. Quek. Micr. Club II. 2: 322. pl. 18. f. 4-5.
L886.

Rutilaria edentula Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 92. pl. 18. f. 14. 1886.

Rutilaria obesum Grey.; Cleve. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 185: 19. 1881?.

Rutilaria superba Grey. Trans. Micr. Soe, Lond. n. s. 14: 125. pl. 11. f. 11-12. 1866.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 74. f. 11-12. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1022. 1894?

Rutilaria elliptica Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 229. pl. 9. f. 3. 1863.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 47. f. 8, pl. 74. f. 9-10. 1890. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s.
14: 125. pl. 11. f. 9-10. 1866. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1022. 1894?

Rutilaria ventricosa Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 3: 228. pl. 9. f. 2. 1863.
Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 44. pl. 9. f. 78. 1886. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 47. f. 2.
1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 1022. 1894?

This species is subject to great variation. A good gathering will show nearly all the
forms represented by the above names, together with intergradations. R. radiata,
if judged from the figure alone, would seem quite distinct, but interpreting the lines
as rows of beads, as we learn from the diagnosis that they are, we see that we have to do
with an unimportant variety of the above. It is practically identical with R. edentula
Castr. There is some doubt as to the worth of the last three names with the authority
of Greville, but a comparison of the forms represented by these with all the above
will indicate that they are probably varieties. I have followed the names with a
question mark. The doubt over R. obeswm is due to the lack of a figure. So far as
can be made out it belongs here.

Found at Station 4029H, Bering Sea.

DENTICULA Kiitz.

Denticula Witz. Bacill. 43. (not pl. 3. f. 60 a-b). 1844. Char. emend. Grun. Verh. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 546. 1862. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 773. pl. 18. f. 4.
1861. Van Heur. Synop. 159. pl. 49. f. 1-38. 1881. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 12,
114. f. 80. 1864. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 557. 1892. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.
2: 19. pl. 34. f. 292-295. 1856. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 230. pl. 12. f.
25.1875. Brun, Diat. Alp. 112. pl. 8. f. 34, 36-87. 1880 (not Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb.
21: 495. pl. 10. f. 34-36, 88-39 (except f. 87). 1857; Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12:
548. pl. 12. f. 15. 1862).

Eunotia Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 84. V. B. f. 7-8. 1854, in part. :

Odontidium Kiitz. in part; O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 288. 1875.

The genus as originally defined by Kiitzing is very indefinitely bounded and con-
tains members of several other genera. Grunow’s emendation is also quite faulty,
as he lost sight of the true transverse character of the strong costae and thereby opened
the way for costae on only one side of the valve; in other words, short and broad forms
of Nitzschia. The genus is well marked by Van Heurck,¢@ and the illustrations, which
include all the figures of plate 49, are consistent and decisive. Its nearest relative is
Diatoma (DC.) Heib., from which it is easily distinguished by the absence of an
evident hyaline median line on the valves (‘‘pseudoraphe’’), by its rounded, uncon-

4 Van Heur. Synop. 159. 1885.

— — . ="
J

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 319

stricted apices, and, in the zonal view, by the costae terminating near the girdle in
enlarged or beaded ends. Its type species, D. tenuis Kitz., well represents the
characteristics of the genus.
Denticula nicobarica Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 97. pl. 1A. f. 5. 1870.
Van Heur. Synop. pl. 49. f. 3. 1881.
This minute diatom is most plentiful in the following single sounding.
Found at station 3635H, Bering Sea.

GRAMMATOPHORA Ehrenb.

Grammatophora Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 112, 152.1841. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 807. pl. 11. f. 48-49, 52-53. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 26,
303. f. 81. 1864. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 413. 1862. Van Heur.
Synop. 163. pl. 53-53bis. 1881; Treat. Diat. 353. f. 105. 1896. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 750. 1892. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 42. pl. 42. Kiitz. Bacill.
128. pl. 17. f. 23-25. 1844.

Disiphonia Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 35A. II. f. 7. 1854; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl.
1869: 48. pl. 2. I. f. 18. 1870. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 267. pl. 51. f.
16. 1883.

Diatomella Grev. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Il. 15: 259. pl. 9. f. 10-13. 1855. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 810. pl. 4. f. 51,52. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 409.
1862. Brun. Diat. Alp. 129. pl. 9. f. 18. 1880. H. D. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ.
no. 650. 1874. Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 5. 1870. Rabh. Fl. Eur.
Alg. 1: 3, 25. f. 78. 1864. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 353. 1896. Lagers. Bih. Sv.
Vet. Akad. Handl. 114: 20. 1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 742. 1892.

Diatoma (DC.) Heib. in part; Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 180. pl. 62A. 1819.

Fragilaria Lyng. in part; Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 182. pl. 62. E-F. 1819.

Striatella C. Ag. in part; Ralfs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843.11: 457. pl. 9. f. 5. 1843.

There is great need of a capable monograph of this genus. Van Heurck’s Synopsis

gives two plates illustrating thirty species. Smith’s British Diatoms illustrates
superbly four species. Single species are scattered. here and there through diatom
literature. But the available figures are as a class poor and scanty. Owing to the
delicate markings that characterize this genus, the earlier investigators, like Lyngbye,
Agardh, and Ehrenberg, confused the species to an extreme extent. It is impossible
to look upon Greville’s genus Diatomella as anything more than a normally distinct
species of Grammatophora. The main mark of distinction relied upon for separation,
namely, thessingle straight septa as seen in zonal view, is neither confined to this
species nor important enough, weresit peculiar to it, to form a basis for a separate
genus. Thus varieties of G. undulata Ehrenb., G. arctica Cleve, and G. stricta Ehrenb.@
show the same quality. This characteristic, together with the extreme minuteness
and delicacy of this form, mark it as a sharply distinct species, nothing more. Were,
however, its generic status valid, it would necessarily take Ehrenberg’s older name,
Disiphonia, instead of that of Greville.
Grammatophora flexuosa Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 53bis. f. 22-23. 1881.
Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 309: 71. 1889. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 759. 1892.

Found at station 3013H, Hawaiian Islands.

Grammatophora lyrata Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 53bis. f. 21. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 759. 1892. Cleve & Moll. type no. 162.
My specimen agrees with the type, except that the lyrate valves are much less
strongly undulated.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

aCf. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: pl. 29. f. 12. 1886,

320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Grammatophora marina ( Lyng.) Kiitz. Bacill. 128. pl. 17. f. 24 (not pl. 18. f. I. 1-4).
1844. Van Heur. Synop. 163. pl. 538. f. 9-13. 1881; Treat. Diat. 354. pl. 71.
f. 479-480a. 1896. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 188. 1874. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 808. pl. 11. f. 52-53 (not pl. 4. f. 47). 1861. W. Smith, Synop. Brit,
Diat. 2: 42. pl. 42. f. 314. 1856. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 752. 1892. Rabh. FI.
Eur. Alg. 1: 26, 303. f. 81a-b. 1864. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12:
415. 1862. Jan. Abh. Schl. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1862: 8. pl. 2B. f. 5. 1862.
O'Meara, Proce. Roy. Irish Acad. I]. 2: 515. pl. 29. f. 1. 1875. Griff. & Henf.
Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 363. pl. 16. f. 35 (mot pl. 1. f. 14). 1883.

Diatoma marinum Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 180. pl. 62A. 1819.

Grammatophora mericana Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1841: 443. pl. 8.
VII. f. 82. 1843. Kitz. Bacill. 128. pl. 18. I. f. 6, pl. 29. f. 78. 1844.

Fragilaria latruscularia Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 182. pl. 62E. 1819.

- Fragilaria fasciata Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 182. pl. 62F. 1819.

I do not include in the above synonymy several species classed here by De Toni
and others. Thus Bacillaria cleopatrae Ehrenb.@ can not be accurately identified as
belonging to this or any similar species of Grammatophora. _ Its figures and descriptions
make any assignment mere guesswork. I also exclude G. ovalauensis Grun,> united
with the above by De Toni; also G. macilenta W. Smith, united with the above by
Grunow.¢ I look upon it, as does De Toni, as belonging under G. oceanica Ehrenb.d

Found at station 2848, Aleutian Islands.

Grammatophora maxima Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 416. pl. 8. f. 5.
1882. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 53bis. f. 12-13. 1881. Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega
Exped. 3: 501, 508. 1883. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 754. 1892. Wolle, Diat. N. A.
pl. 49. f. 26. 1890.

Grammatophora (maxima var.?) ambigua Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 58bis. f. 14.
1881.

This is possibly a variety of G. stricta Ehrenb. (=—=G. parallela Ehrenb.), as Grunow
suggests. He refers to the valves as hyaline. By careful lighting they are seen to be
covered with delicate lines in the three directions common to this species, that is, as
in Gyrosigma.

Found at station 3688H, Okhotsk Sea.

Grammatophora stricta Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 298, 437, pl. 1.
I. f. 22, pl. 8. Vil. f. 81. 1843. Ktitz. Bacill. 129. pl. 29. Jf. 76) eee
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 808. 1861. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 49. f. 17 (not f. 18). 1890.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 671. 1874. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 16. pl. 3.
f.7, 14. 1888. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 57. pl. 29. f. 12. 1886. Pant.
Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 41. pl. 26. f. 239, pl. 30. f. 307-309. 1886.

Grammatophora tabellaria Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18. f. 89-90. 1854. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 808. 1861.

Grammatophora parallela Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 21. f. 26a-d, pl. 22. f. 63 a-b, pl. 33.
XIV. f. 16, pl. 835A. XX. f. 8. pl. 39. I. f. 78. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. éd:
4. 808. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 417. 1862. Rabh. Fl. Eur.
Alg. 1: 305. 1864. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 754. 1892.

Grammatophora (stricta Ehrenb. var.?) biharensis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 41. pl.
50. f. 807-809. 1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 755. 1892.

aEhrenb. Symb. Phys. Everteb. 5. pl. 3, V. f. 2. 1828; Infus. 199. pl. 15. f. 3. 1838.
bVan Heur. Synop. pl. 53. f. 24-25. 1881.
¢ Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 354. 1896.
d Cf. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 43. pl. 61. f. 882; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 755.
1892. ‘

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. oo!

Two references found in Ehrenberg’s works should be excluded here.@ In both of
these cases Ehrenberg expresses doubt by an interrogation point. Grunow’s selection
of the specific name parallela over that of stricta, copied by De Toni, is inadmissible.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

TESSELLA Ehrenb.

Tessella Ehrenb. Infus. 202. pl. 20. f. 7. 1838. In part (exclusive of Striatella
forms, e. g. Tesella arcuata Ehrenb.). Ralis, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 104. pl.
2. f. 1. 1843 (not Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 804. pl. 8. f. 5; not Kiitz.
nor O'Meara).

Striatella C. Ag. in part; Ralfs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11: 455. pl. 9. f. 6. 1843.

Rhabdonema Kiitz. Bacill. 126. pl. 21. I. f. 4, pl. 18. f. 6. 1844. W. Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat. 2: 32. pl. 38. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 305. 1864. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 804. 1861. Van Heur. Synop. 165. 1881; Treat. Diat. 360. f. 177.
1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 760. 1892. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien
12: 422. 1862.

This genus was constituted in 1838, though the name appears in literature in 1837.6
As defined and figured by Ehrenberg it is truly synonymous with Kiitzing’s Rhab-
donema. Its type species, 7. catena, isidentical with R. arcuatum Kiitz., and so recog-
nized by Kiitzing; while Kiitzing’s type species, R. minutum, is recognized by him to
be T. catena Ralis (not Ehrenb.) and its citation quoted. It is true that Ehrenberg
probably included a species of Striatella C. Ag. in his genus Tessella, namely, 7. inter-
rupta;¢ but he recognizes Striatella C. Ag. as a distinct genus, gives it with diagnosis
and figures, and thereby limits by exclusion his own genus Tessella. A reading of his
discussion of Striatellad will make it evident that his Tessella can not be the same.
All of the three species named by Kiitzing in his new genus Rhabdonema were pre-
viously named and figured as species of Tessella and are so recognized by him. He
therefore should have emended the genus of Ehrenberg rather than have superseded it
with Rhabdonema. He does, it is true, give Tessella as a separate genus, but it fails
to correspond to the original and the single species he mentions is a Striatella. Under
these circumstances Ehrenberg’s name should be restored and simply emended by
exclusion of frustules having interrupted septa.

Tessella adriatica ( Kiitz.) Mann.
Rhabdonema adriaticum Kitz. Bacill 126. pl. 18. f.7. 1844; Sp. Alg. 115. 1849. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 805. pl.13. f. 27. 1861. W.Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 35. pl.
38. f. 805 b, a’, 6’. 1856. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 424. 1862.
Jan. & Rabh. in Rabh. Beitr. 1:11. pl. 3. f. 20. 1863. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 306.
| 1864. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 319. 1875. H.L. Smith, Sp. Diat.
Typ. no. 432. 1874. Van Heur. Synop. 166. pl. 54. f. 11-13. 1881. Truan, Anal.
| Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 14: 68. pl. 3. f. 15. 1885. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 764
1892. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 51. f. 2-4. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 217. f. 17-29.
1895; pl. 221. f. 14. 1896.
Tessella sp.? Lobarz. Linnaea 14: 270. pl. 4. f. 2. 1840, according to Kiitzing and De
Toni.

Found at stations 2835, 3698H, 3712H, off Lower California and in Okhotsk Sea.

a Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1847: 448. pl. 2 Lf 22. 1849: probably a spe-
cies of Fragillaria; op. cit. 1870: 72. pl. 1. I. f. 43 a-d. 1871; probably a Navicula.

b Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1835: 173. 1837.

¢ Ehrenb. Infus. 202. 1838.

4 Op. cit. 229-230.

322 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Tessella catena Ehrenb. Infus. 202. pl. 20. f. 7. 1838, not Ralis, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
12: 104. pl. 2. f. 1. 1843.

Diatoma arcuatum Lyng. Hydro. Dan. 180. pl. 62. 1819?

Striatella arcuata C. Ag. Consp. 16. 1832. Ralfs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11: 455. pl. 9.
J. 6. 1843? not S. arcuata Ehrenb. Infus. 230. pl. 20. f. 6. 1838.

Rhabdonema arcuatum Kiitz. Bacill. 126. pl. 18. f. 6. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit.
Diat. 2: 34. pl. 88. f. 305 (not f. 805a’—b’. 1853). Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 1"*: 24. pl. 4. f. 21. 1873. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 804. pl. 10. f. 203-204.
1861. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 433. 1874. Cleve & MOll. type no. 69.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 220. f. 17-26. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 423.
1862. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 54. f. 14-16. 1881; Treat. Diat. 360. f. 111. pl. 12. f.
487a, 1896. O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Imsh Acad. II. 2: 318, not pl. 29. f. 5. 1875.
Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 306. 1864. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 761. 1892.

Striatella crozierti Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 835A. XXIII. f. 14-16. 1854.

Rhabdonema crozierti Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 423. 1862, not R. crozierii
Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 805. pl. 4. f. 43. 1861, nor H. L. Smith, Sp.

Diat. Typ. no. 434. 1874, nor Schmidt, Atlas pl. 220. f. 8-11. 1899; pl. 221. f. 1-1a.
1900.

As will be seen by the above synonymy, there is great confusion among the names
assigned to this diatom. As Cleve points out,@ there is no important difference
between R. arcuatum Kiitz. and Grunow’s R. crozierii, based on S. crozierti Ehrenb.,
the simple difference of outline being of no account. But the R. crozierti of Ralfs
is an altogether different thing. It corresponds in its dilated center with the
variety of arcuatum which Cleve calls variety ventricosum;> but in all other respects
it is unlike it. Probably, as Cleve states, it is reproduced by Janisch¢ and called R.
arcuatum. Whereas R. arcuatum Kiitz. and R. crozierti (Ehrenb.) Grun. has monili-
form striae or striae so nearly divided as to appear like a string of beads, the diatom
shown by Ralfs, H. L. Smith, and Schmidt has transverse costae bearing fine punctate
dots in a single median line, and whereas the zonal divisions of the former are strongly
beaded, those of the latter are finely dotted with one or two rows of puncta. Habir-
shaw @ masses all these forms together, with the result that he makes this species and
Tessella arcuata Ehrenb. (=Striatella, probably S. unipunctata) synonymous, an evi-
dent absurdity.

I think Diatoma arcuatum Lyngb., and Striatella arcuata C. Ag., are not the same
diatom; a question not relevant here, as neither can be safely identified with this
species. My specimens are uniformly of the outline of Cleve’s variety ventri-
cosum, but with coarse beading on the valves and heavy markings of the zonal septa,
as figured by Schmidt. ¢

Found at stations 3607, 3688H, 3712H, Bering and Okhotsk seas.

Tessella japonica (Temp. & Br.) Mann.
Rhabdonema japonicum Temp. & Br. Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:
‘53. pl. 1. f. 6. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 762. 1892. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 218.
f. 7-31, pl. 219. f. 1-4, 6-12. 1899; pl. 221. f. 24. 1900.
Rhabdonema mikado Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 33. f. 469-470. 1893. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 219. f. 2-4 (note). 1899.

I have examined a large number of specimens, compared with care all literature,
together with figures, to get a clear-cut and satisfactory basis for distinguishing between

a Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1'*: 24. 1873.
bOp. cit. pl. 4. f. 12.

¢Rabh. Beitr. 1: 12. pl. 3. f. 19. 1863.

d Hab. Cat. 301. 1877.

eSchmidt, Atlas pl. 220. f. 21-22a. 1899.

|
]
}

_MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 333

this and R. robustum Grun., but have not succeeded. So far as the valval view is
concerned, neither the median line, the arrangement and punctation of the striae,
the outline, the size, the character of the border, or the shape of the apical hyaline
areas give any constant marks of distinction. So far as I am aware, robustum never
displays the striking double-lobed valves commonly met with in japonicum; but
unfortunately this feature is not at all constant in the latter, and in fact the original
type is not of that shape.¢ The only appreciable difference is to be found in the
zonal view. The striae in japonicum are generally small and narrow, forming a closely
set row for each compartment of the series, made up of coarse but obscure blotches,
giving a semimoniliform appearance to the striae; or if the striae be broad and the
blotches approach squares, they are also coarsely dotted. Robustum has generally
large square markings, set loosely in the rows of each compartment, and marked with
fine puncta. I am convinced that these two species are with difficulty to be kept
separate; and that a study of the abundant figures in Schmidt ® will prove this. I
have named my specimens solely on the basis of the zonal markings, and many
valves unquestionably belonging to a single species, but not affording a zonal view,
could with equal accuracy be given Grunow’s specific name.

The variety called by Pantocsek R. mikado occurs at station 3688H.

Found at stations 2844, 2848, 3604, 3688H, 3784, Bering and Okhotsk seas.

ENTOPYLA Ehrenb.

Entopyla Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 6. 1849. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien 12: 428. 1862. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 231. 1902. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
773. 1892. - Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 810. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 308. 1864.

Eupleuria Arn. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 89. 1858. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 809.
1861.

Margaritoxicon Jan. Abh. Schl. Ges. 18627: 6. 1862, as synonym.

Gephyria Arn. in part; Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 20. 1860. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 809. pl. 4. f. 50. 1861.

Achnanthes Bory, in part; Johnst. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 15. pl. 1. f. 14. 1860.

Surirella Turp. in part; Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 388. pl. 1. I.
f. 96. 1848.

The distinctive marks separating this genus from Gephyria Arn. are summarized
by Schmidt, ¢ as follows: (1) The costae on the valves of Entopyla alternate on either
side the median line; in Gephyria they are transversely continuous. (2) The inter-
nal septa in Entopyla have their pores in a longitudinal straight row along either
side and therefore show as straight rows of dots through the costae; in Gephyria
these pores are in two zigzag longitudinal series. (3) These pores are in Entopyla
close to the margin on either side; in Gephyria midway between the margin and
the median line. Although the foregoing characteristics are well marked and seem
to be constant, they constitute at best a scanty basis for generic distinction between
forms otherwise so much alike.

Entopyla australis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1848: 6. 1849. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 810. 1861. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 6, 22, 32. pl.
1B. f. 8, 14, 16-20. 1862. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 773. 1892. Schmidt, Atlas pl.
230. f. 1-16. 1902. .

Surirella australis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wien 1841: 388. pl. 7. I. f. 9b. 1843.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 798. 1861.
Eupleuria incurvata Arnott, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 6: 90. 1858.

a Cf. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 219. f. 13. with pl. 220. f. 1. 1899.
bOp. cit. pl. 217-221.
¢Op. cit. pl. 231. 1902.

324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Gephyria incurvata Arnott, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 20. 1860. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 809. pl. 4. f. 50. 1861. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 173. 1874. Grun.
in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 8. 1870.

Achnanthes costatus Johnst. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci, 8: 15. pl. 1. f. 14. 1860. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 27. f. 14. 1890.

Entopyla incurvata Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 428.1862. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 773. 1892.

Entopyla cohnii Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 429. 1862. Grun. in Fenzl,
Reise Novara Bot. 1: 8. 1870.

Margaritoxicon cohnii Jan. Abh. Schl. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 6. 1862, as synonym.

Gephyria gigantea Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 122. pl. 11, f. 7-8. 1866.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 74. f. 7-8. 1890. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 42. pl. 15.
J. 10.1886. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 61. f. 1-2. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 775. 1892.

Gephyria constricta Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 77. pl. 8. f. 2. 1866. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 72. f.2. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 775. 1892. Wolle, Diat. N. A.
pl. 61. f. 3. 1890.

Entopyla hungarica Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 67. pl. 4. f. 58. 1889.

There is a possibility of questioning the last synonym, as the diagnosis is not thorough
and the figure is plainly very carelessly drawn. I do not think the doubt is strong
enough to warrant this form receiving separate rank.

Found at stations 3607, 4029H, Bering Sea.

GEPHYRIA Arnott.

Gephyria Arnott, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 20. 1860. Char. emend. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 231.1902. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: p. 308. 1864. Grun. Verh. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 429. 1862. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 775. 1892. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 809. 1861. H. L. Smith. Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 662. 1874. Griff.
& Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 340. 1875. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 340. f. 98. 1896.
Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 16. pl. 4. f. 14-17. 1880.

Eupleuria Arn. in part; Moll. type no. 21.

Achnanthes Bory in part; Johnst. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. 8: 14. pl. 1. f. 13a, b, f.
1860.

Entopula Ehrenb. in part; Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 122. pl. 11. f. 7-8.
1866.

For the marks of distinction between this and the close genus, Entopyla Ehrenb.,
see under the latter.

Gephyria media Arnott, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 20. 1860. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 809. pl. 4. f. 49. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 429. 1862.
Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 16. pl. 4. f. 14-17. 1880. Le Diatomiste 2: pl. 19.
f. 8.1894. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 662. 1874. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:

775. 1892. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 340. f. 98. 1896. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 61. /.
4-5. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 231. f. 18-21, pl. 232. f. 1-22.

Eupieurva media MOll. type no. 21.

Achnantes angustata Johnst. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 14. pl. 1. f. 18a, b, f. 1860.

Though Johnston’s specific name precedes that of Arnott, it had been preempted
by Greville for an entirely different diatom.¢ The genus Gephyria, not having been
constituted, Johnston rightly placed his species in Achnanthes; for it should be
noted the two genera are, together with Entopyla, quite similar in stricture and in
mode of growth. The specimen found by me is the short and robust variety called
forma miocena.®

Found at stations 2920H, 3698, Hawaiian Islands and off Honshu Island, Japan.

a4 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 163. pl. 8. f. 9. 1859.
b Le Diatomiste, 2: pl. 19, f. 8. 1894.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 325

CLIMACOSPHENIA Ehrenb.

Climacosphenia Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 314, 440. pl. 2. VJ.
f. 1. 1848. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 353. 1862; in Fenzl, Reise
Novara Bot. 1: 5. 1870. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 739. 1892.

Echinella Achar. err. det. Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 144. 1842.

Clavicula Pant. in part; Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 3. f. 50. 1893.

Climacosphenia elongata Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 8. pl. 1. f. 10-11. 1854.
Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 353. pl. 6. f. 22. 1862. Grun. in Fenzl,
Reise Novara Bot. 1:5. 1870. Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 54.
1879. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 772. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 739. 1892.

Climacosphenia frauenfeldii Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 353. 1862, as
synonym.

Clavicula kinkeru. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 3. f. 50. 1893.

Pantocsek figures the lower portion only of the outer plate of this diatom and
names it Clavicula kinkeru. There can be no doubt of its being the above. It so
happens that the form found by me has precisely the irregularity of beading of the
central band near the lower extremity that Pantocsek has figured. Whether this is
general or not, I do not know. I have, like Grunow, found it to be a very rare diatom.
Leud.-Fort. in the citation above erroneously attributes the name to Grunow.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Climacosphenia moniligera Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 314. pl.
2. VI f. 1. 1843. Kitz. Bacill. 128. pl. 29. f. 80. 1844. Jan. & Rabh. in Rabh.
Beitr. 6. pl. 2. f. 1. 1863. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 772. pl. 11. f. 45-46: 1861.
Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 139. pl. 14. f. 17. 1863. Griff. & Henf.
Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 19. f. 9. 1875. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 29. f. 7-8. 1890.
Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 67. pl. 30. f. 426. 1889. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ.
no. 631. 1874. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 740. 1892.

Echinella moniligera Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 144. 1842, nom. nud.

not Achar. 1810.

Chmacosphenia catena Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 17. pl. 1. f. 15. 1854.

Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 3. f. 15. 1890.

The generic name Echinella of Acharius @ was applied by Ehrenberg under a mis-
apprehension, the name being that of a clustered form of marine ovae similar in
appearance to clusters of Climacosphenia.®? Ehrenberg corrected the generic name
in the first citation given above.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

PLAGIOGRAMMA Grev.

Plaguogramma Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 208. pl. 10. 1859. Moeb. Diat.-taf.
pl. 24. 1890. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 117. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 773.
1861. Van Heur. Synop. 145. 1881; Treat. Diat. 337. f. 95. 1896. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 717. 1892.

Denticula Kitz. in part; Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 494, 496. pl. 10. f. 32,

37a-c. 1857.

This genus has close affinity with Dimeregramma Ralfs, and the doubtful genus
Glyphodesmis Grey. It is, however, well marked from these by the internal trans-
verse septa, especially those that divide off the central and the terminal hyaline
areas from the rest of the valve. Iam not in favor of including here any of the mem

aWeber, Beitr. z. Naturk. 2: 340. pl. 4. 1810.
b Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 273. 1875.

326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

bers of Ehrenberg’s genus Heteromphala. Its type, //. himantidium,¢ is probably a
Glyphodesmis, certainly not a Plagiogramma. De Toni,® quotes it in its original
genus. Ralise changes it to Plagiogramma himantidium. As he there says, the side
view is unknown. How he could decide on its being a Plagiogramma from Ehren-
berg’s description and without any knowledge of its side view is beyond my compre-
hension. There are two references in Ehrenberg which De Toni thinks it worth while
to quote as members of this genus, one@ called with some doubt “ Heteromphala ?
trinodis,”’ a probable Navicula, and the other //. binodis,¢ which is either a Navicula
ora Glyphodesmis. Figure 22 of the same plate, called by Ehrenberg simply “ Anau-
lus—?,’’ is, despite the central and terminal nodules, almost certainly a representa-
tive of this genus, probably P. elongatum Grevy., a fact which also indicates that
what he calls Heteromphala is not identical with the present genus.

Plagiogramma elongatum Grev. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 121. pl. 11. f. 1-2.

1866. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 74. f. 1-2. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 720. 1892.

Anaulus sp.? Ehrenb, Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: 387. pl. 2. f. 22. 1873.

This species is like P. crassum Cleve & Grove,/ except for the massive transverse
septa of the latter.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.
Plagiogramma sceptrum Mann, sp. nov. Piate LIT, riaures 1, 2.

Valve elongated; sides nearly parallel to the broad rounded apices; markings of
small but strong beading, set in transverse rows, interrupted by a median hyaline line,
two beads wide, running nearly the entire length of the valve, that is, from one apical
area to the other; four to five beads in each half row on either side of the median line;
apical areas, in this genus usually hyaline or faintly mottled, here beaded with slightly
smaller beads, spread out fan-wise toward the sides and apices of the valve and traversed
by a thin irregular median line continuous with the median line of the rest of the valve;
border not plain; but ornamented with a single row of beads larger than the rest.
Instead of transverse *‘vittae”’ there are strong internal transverse septa, not contin-
uous across the valve, but usually stopping at the position of the hyaline median line
before mentioned and generally not opposite each other on the two sides of the valve;
central area quite small, not reaching the border, transversely oval and bearing a
decided boss in the middle; zonal view showing the internal septa enlarged at the
inner ends like the music-notes of Terpsinoe musica Ehrenb.; the septa as seen both
in zonal and valval view, placed at very irregular distances, there being from two to
seven rows of beads between them; girdle with two faint longitudinal ridges dividing
it into thirds, but no beading.

Length of vaive, 0.200 to 0.212mm.; width of valve, 0.027 to 0.029mm.

The only species at all like this one is P. rectum Cleve & Grove. The resemblance
is merely superficial.

Type inthe U.S. National Museum, No. 590141, from station 2807, Galapagos Islands,
April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud.

Plagiogramma tesselatum Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 208. pl. 10. f. 7. 1859.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 24. f. 7.1890. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 774. 1861. Lewis,
Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 68. 1862. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 719. 1892. Grun.
Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 359. 1862.

The absence of internal transverse septa in this species led Greville to have some
doubt of its right here. Grunow thought it might be made a new genus. Except for

a4 Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1858: 13. 1859.

b De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 730. 1892.

e Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 775. 1861.

d Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1861: 295. 1862,

e Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1872: pl. 2. 6. 23. 1878.
J Le Diatomiste 1: 54. pl. 8. f. 4-5. 1891.

ee

}
,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 327

this lack it is a perfectly typical Plagiogramma, and this negative quality is insufti-
cient for separating it. Specimens found in the-following dredging have a circular
central area and nearly round instead of rectangular or “‘tesselated”’ beading.

Found at station 2808, Galapagos Islands.

DIMEREGRAMMA Ralfs.

Dimeregramma Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 790. pl. 4. f. 33-35. 1861. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 13. 123. f. 36. 1864. Van Heur. Synop. 146. pl. 36. f. 7-13. 1881
1885. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 711. 1892. Walk. & Chase, Notes on Diat. 1: 1.
pl. 1. f. 3.1886. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 377. 1862. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 790. pl. 4. f. 34. 1861.

Denticula Kiitz. in part; Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 495. pl. 10. f. 39. 1857.

The nearest genus to this is Glyphodesmis Grevy., from which it differs by the absence

of a large central boss. This single characteristic is, however, striking and uniform.
Castracane # is wrong in stating that the only distinction between this genus and
Denticula Kiitz. is that the former has smooth sides to the valves. Dimeregramma
may have the same; but it has a pronounced hyaline median line, *‘ pseudoraphe,”’
dilated at the center, is without transverse costae, and has large boss-like elevations
at the apices (seen clearly in the zonal view), all which distinctions are inapplicable
to Denticula.

Dimeregramma inflatum Mann, sp. nov. Piate XLIV, FIGURE 6.

Valve seven to eight times as long as broad, inflated at the center, with bluntly
tapering ends; at the apex of each a large beak-like process; valves marked with
transverse rows of beading, extending from the margin for one-third the width of the
valve, leaving a median hyaline area, also one-third the width of the valve; each row
consisting of four beads, the outer largest and decreasing in size toward the center.

Length of valve 0.086 mm; width of valve 0.015 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590142, from station 2823, Gulf of Califor-
nia, April 30, 1888; 26.5 fathoms, bottom of broken shells.

_ The nearest form to this is D. marinum (Greg.) Ralis,® but I have found it impossible
to refer it to that species. Gregory’s form has striae with two beads somewhat sepa-
rated, their line being continued outward to the margin by bars or costae; whereas
the moniliform lines in my species begin with very large marginal beads and end
inward with beads of extreme minuteness. Indeed the whole build of the diatom is
distinct.

ACHNANTHES Bory.

Achnanthes Bory, Dic. Hist. Nat. 1: 79. pl. 51. f. 2. 1822.

Monogramma Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1843: 136. 1844, no species, 1854,
not Comm. 1809.

Achnanthidium Kiitz. Bacill. 75. 1844:

Achnanthes dispar Mann, sp. noy. PLaTE XLIV, FicureEs 4, 5.

Under valve beaded with minute moniliform striae, transverse until near the ends,
then becoming concentric to the points of the apices; the raphe made up of a closely
set but moniliform line of exceedingly small beads, at least toward its central and
terminal portions, and forking near each end into two branches, one proceeding to the
rounded apex and terminating in a small bead, the other and shorter branch running
to one side and also terminating in a small bead; a narrow hyaline area on either side
of the raphe; the transverse, median, hyaline stauros broad and increasing at the

@ Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 46. 1886.
5 Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 496. pl. 10. f. 39. 1857. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
90 1861. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 36. f. 9. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 712. 1892.

31713—voL 10, pr 5—O7——8

32S CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

margins; upper valve with a broad, central, longitudinal, hyaline area, slightly wider
near the center of the valve; striae of coarse and distant beads, two to four on each
side of the median line, transverse until near the ends, then becoming concentric
to the points of the apices.

Length of valve, 0.08 mm.; width of valve, 0.018 mm. Rows of beading on under
valve, 88 in 0.1 mm.; on upper valve, 56 in 0.1 mm. |

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590143, from station 3635H, Bering Sea,
August 21, 1895; 141 fathoms, bottom of gray sand.

The nearest approach to the above is Achnanthidiwm (== Achnanthes) arcticum, Cleve,@
but the differences are greater than the resemblance. The beading on the under
(ventral) side of Cleve’s species is 68 in 0.1 mm. with a valval length of 0.048 mm.,
whereas in mine it is 88 in 0.1 mm. with a valval length of 0.08 mm.; in other words,
it is very much finer on a valve about twice as large, as the proportion between size of
valve and striation in Cleve’s species would be in my specimen 41 instead of 88 in 0.1
mm. But what shows that this is not a very finely marked though large specimen of
the above is that the valves do not taper, but have blunt, rounded ends; the markings
are strictly transverse except toward the apices; the stauros is quite broad; the raphe
is beaded and bifurcates near the ends; there is a broad, hyaline line on either side of
the raphe; a distinctly marked rim of uniform breadth runs around the entire valve.

COCCONEIS Ehrenb.

Cocconeis Ehrenb. Infus. 193. pl. 14. f. 8-9, pl. 21. f. 11. 1838.

Campyloneis Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 429. 1862. Fenzl, Reise Novara
Bot. 1: 10. 1870.

Orthoneis Grun. in part, in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 9-10. 1870.

Anorthoneis Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 9-10. 1870.

Grunow breaks up Ehrenberg’s genus by emending its scope and creating the above
three new genera. I do not find any advantage in this arrangement. Ehrenberg’s
generic concept is a well-marked and precise one; its members are in clear con-
trast with other diatoms by their solitary growth attached by the inferior, raphe-
bearing valve, by the concavo-convex shape of the frustules, by the general, perhaps
universal, dissimilarity of the inferior and superior vaives, and by their uniform oval
or suboval contour. However useful Grunow’s distinctions may be for subgeneric
division, it seems to me best to leave these forms in the compact and satisfactory genus
that Ehrenberg constructed for them. This view seems to prevail with most authors.

Cocconeisa antiqua Temp. & Brun. Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30*: 32.
pl. 8. f. 5. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 191. f. 50, 52. 1877.

Cocconeis trachytica Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 8: pl. 42. f. 582. 1893.

The form from station 3604H is identical with Schmidt’s figures above. It is, how-
ever, wide of the type, and I assign this name to it with some doubt. More typical
specimens occur at station 4029H, together with a variety which lacks the curved
hyaline bands midway between the raphe and the sides.

Found at stations 3604H, 4029H, Bering Sea.

Cocconeis baldjikiana Grun.; Van Heur. type no. 546. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 190.
f. 7-10. 1894.
Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenb.; Grun. Bot. Centralblatt 33: 324. 1888. Cleve in
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 190. f. 7-10. 1877.
I agree with Schmidt in the above citation that Grunow’s union of this beautiful
and vigorous form with C. scutellum Ehrenb. is inadvisable. Even Smith's too
strongly marked figure » of the latter lacks the beautiful broadening of the markings

a Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'%: 25. pl. 4. f. 22. 1873.
bW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: pl. 3. f. 34. 1856.

-

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 329

of this species, as well as their breaking up into fine puncta near their union with

the margin.
Found at station 2848, south of Alaska Peninsula.

——s =e

Cocconeis costata Greg. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. S: 39. pl. 4. f. 10. 1855. Trans.
Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 5: 68. pl. 1. f. 27. 1857. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 5. f. 10, pl.
12. f. 27. 1890. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 104. 1864. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges.
Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 18. pl. 1A. f. 36. 1862. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3:
460. 1883. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 30. f. 11-17. 1881. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
871. 1861. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 182. 1895.

Surirella quarnerensis Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 456. pl. 9. f. 10. 1862.

Raphoneis scutelloides Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 383. pl. 4. f. 34. 1862.

Raphoneis archeri O'Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 7: 247. pl. 7. f. 12. 1867.

Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 77. f. 12. 1890.

Cocconeis imperatrix Schmidt, Atlas pl. 189. f. 10-15. 1894.

Cocconeis janischii Schmidt, Atlas pl. 189. f. 33. 1894.

Cocconeis extravagans Jan.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 189. f. 28-32. 1894.

Campyloneis costata Lagers. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand. 3'°: 55.1876. De Toni, Syll.

Alg. 2: 441. 1891.

Campyloneis grevillei Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 11. 1870, not Cocconeis
grevillei W. Smith.

There is not enough similarity between this species and C. regina Johns. ¢ or between
this and the gigantic C. kerguelensis Pet. © to warrant uniting them, as is done by Cleve.c
The species is, however, a very variable one both in size and markings.

Found at station 3604, Bering Sea.

Cocconeis decipiens Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'%: 14. pl. 1. f. 6.1873; Nor-

densk. Vega Exped. 3: 460. 1883, Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17°:
16. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 450. 1891.

Cocconeis arctica Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 11%: 14. pl. 2. f. 11a (not /. 11b).
1873. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 16. 1880.

Cocconeis sigmoradians Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:
33. pl. 8. f. 4. 1889.

Cocconeis sigma Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 32. pl. 8. f. 68. 1886. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 196. f. 11. 1894. Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:

70. 1889.
| Cocconeis oculus-catis Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et. Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 17. pl. 18.
]

fo. 1891.

Cocconeis sparsipunctata Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31': 18. pi.
18. f. 8. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 196. f. 12-15. 1894.

Cocconeis dirupta Greg. var.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 29. f. 18-19. 1881. Cleve;
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 196. f. 16. 1894.

Cocconeis fulgur Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 17. pl. 18. f. 3.
1891.

A discussion of the separation of this species from C. dirupta Greg., with which it is
united by Cleve. may be found under the latter species. It may be here stated that
the union of the above sigmoid forms agrees with De Toni @ in so faras that he does not
admit them under C. dirupta, but either gives them separate rank or unites one or two,
as C. decipiens Cleve and C. arctica Cleve. .

Most of the above are found in the following dredgings; that corresponding to

a Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 13. pl. 1. f. 12. 1860.
6 Miss. Sci. Cap. Horn 116. pl. 10. f. 5. 1889.

¢ Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 182. 1895.
d@Syll. Alg. 2: 450. 1891.

330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

C arctica at station 3607, itself an arctic dredging, is another illustration of the value of
the diatoms for fixing the source of the material composing sea bottoms.
Found at stations 3607, 4516H, Bering Sea and off Lower California.

Cocconeis dirupta Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 491. pl. 1. f. 25. 1857. Jan.
Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterls. Cult. 1862*: 3. pl. 2B. f. 14. 1862. Grun. in Fenzl,
Reise Novara Bot, 1: 14. 1870. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 460. 1883.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 633. 1874. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 29. f. 13-15.
IS8l. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 196. f. 7, 17, 18.1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 453. 1891.

Cocconcis diaphana W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 22. pl. 30. f. 254B. 1853.
Cocconcis beltmeyert Jan.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 196. f. 22-23. 1894.
Cocconeis delicata Schmidt, Atlas pl. 196. f. 24. 1894.

Cleve @ unites under the above name, in addition to those here given, all cases of his
own C. decipiens ® which are similar to the above in the broadly oval character of the
valves, in the fineness and curvature of the beading, in the presence of a transverse
stauros at the middle of the lower valve, and in a general tendency toward a sigmoid
outline in the median line of one or both valves. There is much in favor of this, for
(.dirupta does show these characters,even the sigmoid curvature in some instances,
But such unification is here attended with confusion. The forms thus grouped are
too diverse, e. g., C. beltmeyeri Jan., a very evident variety of C. dirupta and C. sparsi-
punctata Temp. & Brun., avery evident variety of C. decipiens. To call these two one
species is carrying condensation too far for practical use. I have accordingly united
only the three above names with C. dirupta and have grouped all the other forms under
C. decipiens. This arrangement, though no less artificial than that of Cleve, is no more
so,and it affords an easy means of grouping these confusing forms. The salient char-
acteristic of C. dirupta is, as its name indicates, a hyaline median area on one or both
valves, broad at the center and tapering to a point at each end, slightly or not at all
sigmoid. This line in C. decipiens is slightly or extremely sigmoid, the ends of the
raphe curved like an “S”’ in opposite directions, the median area generally narrow or
sometimes wanting, and the transverse stauros plain. It may be added that the
members of the C. dirupta group are generally much smaller than those belonging to
C. decipiens.

Found at stations 2690H, 4516H, off central and Lower California.

Cocconeis distans Greg. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 3: 39. pl. 4. f. 9. 1855; 5: 67. pl. 7.
f. 25.1857. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 5. f. 9, pl. 12. f. 25. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 193.
f. 29-87, 40. 1894; Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 3. f. 22-23. 1874. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4.870. pl. 7.f. 38. il. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 70. 1874.

Grunow ¢ makes this a variety of C. scutellum Ehrenb., for which there is some war-
rant. Asthere is, however, quite a difference between what I conceive to be Gregory’s
type and that of Ehrenberg, I have retained the above name. The two figures of
Gregory’s in the above citations are not at all alike. The first was evidently incor-
‘rectly drawn by Tuffen West, so far as the beading is concerned. It is represented in
very regular rows evenly graded from the large marginal beads to the smaller medium
ones. But Gregory says,@ *‘This beautiful form is at once characterized by the equal
size of the dots or granules and their great distance from each other, so that it almost .
loses the aspect of striation.’’ The faulty representation of this is corrected, in fact
over-corrected, in Gregory’s second figure. When the type idea of Gregory’s species is
thus made out and is compared with Ehrenberg’s original figure and description,¢ it
seems to me the two are sufficiently wide apart to admit of the retention of both names.

Found at station 4505H, Santa Cruz light-house, Monterey Bay, Cal.

a Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 175. 1895.
b Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'*: 14. pi. 1. f. 6. 1873.
¢ Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 9. 1870.

@ Op. cit. 39.

¢Ehrenb. Infus. 194. pl. 14. f. &. 1838.

MANN—-DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 331

Cocconeis grevillei W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 22. pl. 3. f. 35.1853. Rabh. Fl.
Eur. Alg. 1: 102. 1864. Jan. Abh. Schl. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 18. pl. 2.1.
f. 10. 1862. H.L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 72. 1874. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
870. 1861.
Campyloneis grevillei Grun. err. det. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 10, 98. 1870.
Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1: 245. pl. 14. f. 5. 1878. Petit, Fonds de la Mer 3:
171. pl. 4. f. 5. 1877. Van Heur. Synop. 134. pl. 28. f. 8-12. 1881. De Toni,
P Syll. Alg. 2: 439. 1891. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 430. 1862.
| Campyloneis argus Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 429. pl. 10. f. 9. 1862.
Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 10. 1870. Van Heur. Synop. 134. pl. 28. f. 15-16.
1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 441. 1891. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat.
13: 363. pl. 10. f. 22-23. 1884.

De Toni@ gives separate rank to C. grevillei W. Smith, C. regalis Grey. and C. argus

Grun. under the generic head Campyloneis. Cleve, in above citation, unites the three
under Campyloneis grevillei (W. Smith) Grun., thus following Grunow’s analysis.)
I do not think C. grevillei and C. argus can be held separate. Differences exist, but
they are slight and variable, having chiefly to do with the thickenings on the internal
craticular plates. But the union of Greville’s C. regalis with these is too radical.
A comparison of the published figures does not show the strong contrast that is to be
seen in specimens of these two species. The craticular plates and the inferior valves
are never closely alike; but the widest difference is to be seen in the superior plates,
which in C. grevillei have beading actually or approximately alike in the middle and
outer portions, while C. regalis has an oval central area marked with bars of fine puncta,
while the outer area, separated from this central portion, is marked by very large beads.
Two specimens afforded by H. L. Smith, types no. 72 and no. 635, show this contrast
finely, the former of C. grevillei from Granville, France, and the latter of C. regalis from
Cape of Good Hope. I therefore take the position of Van Heurck, De Toni, and others
in classifying these species separately.

Found at stations 2807, 3698, Galapagos Islands and Honshu Island, Japan.

Coccone‘s pellucida Grun. in Rabh. Beitr. 1: 21. pl. 6. f. 11. 1862; in Fenzl,
Reise Novara Bot. 1: 12. 1870; not C. pellucida Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien
13: 145. pl. 13. f. 6. 1863, which is C. psewdomarginata Greg. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 191. f. 48, pl. 198. f. 5-8, pl. 194. f. 2, 15, pl. 195. f. 1-6. 1894. Grun. in
Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 98. pl. 1. f. 7-8. 1870. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 455.
1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 178.1894. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3:
pl. 32. f. 465. 1893.
Cocconeis curvi-rotunda Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:
32. pl. 8. f. 6. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 195. f. 10-19. 1894.
Cocconers lunyacsekii, Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 41. f. 564. 1893.
Cocconeis notabilis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 35. f. 492. 1893.
Cocconeis circumcincta Schmidt, Atlas pl. 195. f. 7-9. 1894.
The doubt of Tempere and Brun of their C. curvi-rotunda being anything more than
a variety of this species, indicated by their bracketing the latter name with their own,
is, I think, well founded. Indeed, I have met with all possible varieties of these
extremely close forms, and I am convinced they should be united. So also regarding
C. circumeincta Schmidt. Its radially arranged markings and its generally straight
raphe are not sufficient to separate it from the above. It occurs at stations 3346 and
3604. I exclude C. heteroidea Hantzsch¢ and the variety of it regarded by Janisch
asaspecies C. flevella,d though both Grunow and De Toni are impressed with their

« De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 439-441. 1891.
b Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 10. 1870.
¢ Rabh. Beitr. 1: 21. pl. 6. f. 10. 1862.
d Rabh. Beitr. 1: 7. pl. 1. pl. 11. 1862.

332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

close affinity. They belong, with C. emmerict Jan. and C. aliena Schmidt, to a very
different group. Grunow explains @ that he gave the name pellucida b to a specimen of
(’. pseudomarginata Greg., being misled bya poor figure of Ralfs.¢ He refers to the form
cited by Hantzsch@ as the true type. ,

Found at stations 2844, 2848, 3346, 3604, 3604H, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea.

Coccone's senegalens’s Breb.; H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 79. 1874. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 464. 1891. Hab. Cat. 84. 1877.

Though both De Toni and Habirshaw recognize this as an authentic species, I sus-
pect itisa synonym of some other form. I have been, however, unable to find such,
and as my specimen agrees with Smith's type I am compelled to assign this name
provisionally.

Found at stations 2680H, 2694H, 4516H, off central and Lower California.

Coccone’s splendida Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 493. pl. 9. f. 29. 1857.

Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 870. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 102. 1864.

Orthoneis splendida Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 15. 1870. Van Heur.
Synop. pl. 28. f. 1-2. 1881. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 148. 1895. Pant.
Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: pl. 24. f. 852. 1889. Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti 18. pl. 4.
J. 13. 1888. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 363. pl. 10. f. 20. 1884.

Cocconeis punctatissima Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 5: 3. pl. 3. f. 1. 1857. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 11. f. 1, 1*. 1890.

Orthoneis punctalissima Lagerst. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 3'%: 57.1876. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 466. 1891.

Melosira cribrosa Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 577. pl. 5. f. 10a-d. 1860.

It is not perfectly clear that Greville’s and Gregory’s species are the same. That
of Greville would appear from the figures to be much more finely beaded, particularly
as he says its beading is ‘‘ very minute,”’ especially toward the median line. The fact
is also against their identity that Greville made the drawings for Gregory’s paper,
including-this very form, yet does not look upon his own publication as a renaming
of the same diatom. But they are united by Cleve, Grunow, De Toni, and others,
while Ralfs holds them separate. If admitted to be the same, which seems on the
whole to be best, the question what name should be assigned presents some difficulties.
Both names were published in 1857.¢ There is no record in the Proceedings of the
London Microscopical Society as to when Greville’s paper was presented, in the records
either of 1856 or of 1857. Gregory’s paper was read January 19, 1857, and appeared
that year. The preference would, therefore, be in favor of Gregory; and as his name
is the better established of the two, I have for all these reasons adopted it.

Grunow’s Melosira cribrosa must be included here. It appears to me more nearly
to resemble the.Greville type than that of Gregory, though Grunow and Cleve take
an opposite view. It is also rather difficult to see the reasons for assigning only figures
10a, b of Grunow’s figures to this species and placing the other two, figures 10 ¢ and d,
in different species, as Grunow does. /

a Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 12. 1870.

b Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 138: 145. 1863.

¢ Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. pl. 7. f. 39. 1861.

d Hantzsch in Rabh. Beitr. 1: 21. pl. 6. f. 11. 1862.

eGreville’s paper was published on pages 7-12 of the Quart. Journ. Mier. Sei. for
1857, which probably appeared before July, if not as early as April or May, 1857. While
Gregory's paper was read on January 19, 1857, it was not published until an appendix
dated May 28, 1857, and a corrigenda dated August 1, 1857. It constituted pages
473-542 of Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 1857, which came at the end of the volume
which unquestionably was not published until after August 1, 1857.

/ Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 16. 1870

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 333

| Small specimens of the present species approach closely to robust specimens of
C. adriacica Kiitz., a‘ variety of C. scutellum Ehrenb., the best mark of distinction
being the round and widely set beads of {'. splendida and the more compact and
rectangular beads of C. scutellum.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

NAVICULA Bory.

Navicula Bory, Encycl. Meth. d’Hist. Nat. 2: 562. 1824. Ehrenb. Infus. 173. 1838.
Kiitz. Bacill. 88. 1844. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 6. 1891. W. Smith, Synop. Brit.
Diat. 1: 46. 1853. Donk. Brit. Diat. 2. 1871-1873. Van Heur. Synop. 71. 1881;
Treat. Diat. 162. 1896. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 22. 1886. Pritch. Hist.

| Infus. ed. 4. 892.1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 168. 1864. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 267: 4, 136. 1894; 27°: 10. 1895. Cleve & Grun. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 177: 27. 1880. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 513. 1860. srun,
Diat. Alp. 63. 1880.

Pinnularia Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 213. 1841. W. Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat. 1: 54. 1853.

Diploneis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 84. 1845. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 26°: 76. 1894.

Stauroptera Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 134. 1843.

Stauroneis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 134. 1843. Kiitz. Bacill.
194. 1844. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 204. 1891. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 158. 1896.

Pleurostauron Rabh. in part; Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 101. 1870.

Dickieia Berk. in part; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 16.f.10. 1881; Treat. Diat. 233. 1896.

Anomoeoneis Pfitz.; Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27°: 6. 1895.

Neidium Pfitz. in Hanst. Bot. Abhandl. 2: 39.1871. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.
26°: 68. 1894.

Caloneis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 46. 1894.

Stenoneis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 123. 1895.

Frustulia C. Ag. in part; Kiitz. Linnaea 8: pl. 13.f. 16. 1833.

Cymbella C. Ag. (=Cocconema Ehrenb.) in part; Consp. Diat. 8. 1832.

Synedra Ehrenb. in part; Kitz. Bacill. 63. pl. 3.f. 29. 1844.

Amphiprora Ehrenb. in part; Mikrog. pl. 3. I. f. 10-11, IIT. f. 8a-c. 1854.

Schizonema C. Ag. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 71. 1856.

Colletonema Breb. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 70. pl. 56. f. 351-353. 1856.

Achnanthidium Kiitz. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2:31. pl. 61.f. 380. 1856.

Pleurosigma W. Smith in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 180. pl. 13. f. 10. Kiitz. Bacill. 102

{no. 127, 128, etc.) pl. 4.f. 25, 26, etc.
The enormous size.of this genus has incited many authors to attempt its division
‘upon more or less tenable grounds. Thus Ehrenberg divided it into Navicula (Bory)
| Ehrenb. and Pinnularia Ehrenb., the chief distinction being that the former had
smooth, the latter ribbed, valves. But the distinction was seen to be fictitious. and
Kiitzing and Brebisson refused to accept it. William Smith revived the names,
making the distinguishing feature the character of the striation, that in Pinnularia
being composed of smooth costae, while Navicula had the striae broken more or less
into moniliform or beaded lines. This would serve admirably to distinguish such
species as Pinnularia nobilis Ehrenb. from Navicula aspera Ehrenb. But two difficul-
ties have stood in the way of making application of this distinction in general; first,
very few of the multitude of species in the genus can be positively classified by this
criterion, every conceivable gradation between plain (or apparently plain) costae and
rows of independent beads being presented: and, second, in even the extreme Pinnula-
_ ria type the apparent presence or absence of perfectly smooth bars or costae is largely
a matter of illumination. It is true that scientific classifications are chiefly valuable

334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

for so assorting objects of nature into small groups as to render easy their availability
and identification. Nor can at the present time that other purpose of classification,
the indication of relationships, be presse very strongly.. But unless all the usual
conceptions of the word ‘genus’ are to be ignored, the distinctions drawn by William
Smith must be considered as too unimportant and especially too unstable to admit of
adoption.

By far the most painstaking and thorough analysis of Navicula is that of Cleve in
his Naviculoid Diatoms.¢ I regret I can not follow his divisions of this genus. It
would be aside from the purpose of this report to discuss in ample detail the merits of
this extensive work. It must, therefore, suffice to say that a careful reading of the
chapter “On the value of the characteristies,"’ on page 4 of that work, will, in connec-
tion with the divisions of Navicula subsequently made in the work, reveal the fact
that nearly all the characteristics there looked upon as inadequate are subsequently
employed as bases for the new genera created. I therefore follow in general the
majority of authors writing since Cleve’s work appeared, in considering these distine-
tions of value for subgeneric grouping, though not of generic worth. Especially has
Van Heurck ® grouped the genus Navicula in a way satisfactory tothe writer. Excep-
tion must, however, be taken to his recognition of the genus Stauroneis Ehrenb.
as a genus. As Van Heurck there says, the true Stauroneis forms differ in
no respect from Navicula, except ‘‘by the central nodule being transversely dilated
into a stauros.’’ This has always appeared to me to be a very trivial ground. The
stauros Is a most common accident of many species in several other genera, as Ach-
nanthes Bory, in A. coarctata (Breb.) Grun.;¢ Pleurosigma W. Smith, in P. asiaticum
Temp. & Brun and P. staurophorum Grun.;4 and Cocconeis Ehrenb., in C. formosa
Brun.¢ Nor is this any more or less the ‘‘dilation of the central nodule? in the one
case than in the other. In short, the separation of stauros-bearing forms into a genus
is an impossibility, either inside the genus Navicula or outside of it.

I look upon the following genera as having fairly good claim to separate standing:
Mastogloia Thwaites, for reasons stated under that genus; Dictyoneis Cleve, on
account of its peculiar internal plates and especially its loculate border,/ though it
may possibly be necessary to unite it with Mastogloia; Rouxia Brun & Herib.; g also
the following six genera, which, although separate from Navicula, should be united
under the same generic name: FrustuliaC. Ag., in part, Berkeleya (Grev.) Van Heur.,
Reicheltia Van Heur., Amphipleura Kiitz., Brebissonia Grun., Vanheurckia Breb.,
for all which see under Frustulia in this report; also their figures and descriptions
by Van Heurck. *

To the foregoing may be added Cleve’s genus Cistula; for although it at present
includes only the single species C. lorenziana (Grun.) Cleve, this is perfectly constant
and strikingly unlike other naviculoid diatoms. On the whole the best conception of
Navicula and its allies is that of Van Heurck. / .

Navicula aestiva Donk. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 6: 32. pl. 3. f. 18. 1858; Brit.
Diat. 6. pl. 1. f. 3.1871-73. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f. 8, 10-11 (unnamed), pl. 8. f. 26
(type), f. 32 (unnamed). 1875. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 184. 1864. De Toni, Syll.

a Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 1894; 27%: 1895.

b Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 1896.

«© Van Heur. Synop. pl. 26.f. 18. 1881.

d Perag. Le Diatomiste 1‘: pl. 8. f. 44-45. 1891.

é Schmidt, Atlas pl. 193.f. 46. 1894.

Cf. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 124. 1894: and Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 157. 1896.
9g Herib. Diat. Auverg. 156. 1893.

h Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 239, 242-245. 1896.

i Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 124. 1894.

3 Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 162-237. 1896.

{
7

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 335

Alg. 2: 93.1891. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. IT. 2: 384 (pl. 32. 2 20. worth-
Jess). 1875. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 94. 1894. Pritceh. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 899. 1861.

Navicula fusea Grex. varicty; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f/. 1-4. 1875; Jahresb.

Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. &. f. 26. 1874.

Navicula smithii Breb. variety; Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 198. 1896. .

This beautiful form is, as Van Heurck claims, near to NV. smithii Breb., but is vastly
finer and, so far as I have seen, it never shows the double-beaded striae of that species,
its striae being delicate and obscurely moniliform. Its.resemblance to NV. fusca (Greg. |
Ralfs is also superficial. Schmidt's figures of that species quoted above are quite dis-
tinct from Gregory’s type, originally published as NV. smith Breb. variety fusca Greg.,
its true name, for as Ralfs, who makes it a separate species, says,@ it “differs from N.
smithii Breb. in its much larger size and more distinct striae.’’. It is, therefore, even
more strongly in contrast with the present species, and I agree with Cleve and De
Toniin recognizing its distinctness. The peculiar termination of the two halves of the
raphe at the center of the valve ® is well displayed in a specimen accompanying this
report.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Navicula anceps ([Ehrenb.) Mann.
Stauroneis anceps Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 306, 422. pl. 2. I. f.
18. 1843. Kiitz. Bacill. 105. pl. 29. f. 4. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.
1: 60. pl. 19. f. 190. 1853. Brun, Diat. Alp. 89. pl. 9. f. 1-2. 1880. Van Heur.
Synop. 68. pl. 4. f. 4-8. 1881; Treat. Diat. 160. pl. 1. f. 55-57. 1896. Schum.
Schrift. Phys. Okon. Ges. K6énigsb. 5: 22. pl. .2. f. 27. 1864. Wolle, Diat.
N. A. pl. 8. f. 4 (not f. 8-9). 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 211. Cleve, Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl, 26°: 147. 1894. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17*: 48.
pl. 3. f. 65. 1880.
- Stauroneis amphicephala Kiitz. Bacill. 105. pl. 30. f. 25. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 912. 1861. Schum. Schrift. Phys. Okon. Ges. Kénigsb. 22. pl. 2..f. 29. 1864.
Stauroneis linearis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 300. pl. 1. T/. f. 11.
1843 ?; Mikrog. pl. 39. IJ. f. 106. 1854.

In adopting the above name to represent this widely known and variable diatom
I am led by considerations of policy on!y. Ifa strict observance of priority were fol-
lowed Ehrenberg’s linearis would probably have to supersede his anceps, as the former
appears earlier in both the text and plates of his article. Cleve¢ questions the union
of linearis with this species. To me it seems impossible to diagnose either of them with
any accuracy. Certainly the numerous figures of both given by Ehrenberg represent
a considerable number of species. And it is because I can not see the boundaries of
these two names by means of the original citations that Iam unwilling to overturn the
above accepted and widely-known specific name fora theoretically earlierone. Diatoms
differ from most other organisms in that their minuteness and delicacy of structure are so
extreme that only by the finest lenses and the most exact drawings can their specific
characteristics be seen and recorded. As a consequence, most of the earlier observa-
tions of the more minute diatoms are untrustworthy, and too much weight is attached to
the names assigned in these writings. A large part are veritable nomina nuda, and
should be given consideration only when subsequent repetitions establish their char-
acter. For this reason anceps is to be preferred to linearis. The union of the Stau-
roneis diatoms with Navicula has been discussed under the genus.
Found at station 3669H, along Kurile Chain.

a Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 898. 1861.
bCf. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f. 3. 1875.
¢Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 147. 1894.

336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Navicula antillarum (Cleve & Grun.) Mann. ,
_ Alloneis ( Navicula ?) antillarum Cleve & Grun. in Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.
5°:8. pl. 2. f. 11. 1878. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 35. pl. 15. f. 5, pl. 20. f.
14, pl. 28. f. 14. 1886.
Scoliopleura antillarum Pellet. Diat. 288. f. 231. 1888-89. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
265. S91.
Trachyneis antillarum Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 193. 1894.
Navicula ( Alloneis ?) kurzii Grun.; Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5*: 8. pl. 2.

f. 12. 1878. |

The last does not seem to me to be a good synonym, but <s I have not been able to

examine a specimen, and as Cleve himself is the authority for its identity, I must
accept his judgment rather than his illustrations.

Found at stations 2823, 2835, Gulf of California and off Lower California.

Navicula omaruensis (Cleve) Mann.

Navicula apis Ehrenb. err. det. Donk. Brit. Diat. 48. pl. 7. f. 3. Y871-73. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 12. f. 16, 18-19, 22-23, 25. 1875; pl. 174. f. 13.1892. Schmidt, Jahresb.
Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 86. pl. 1. f. 9. 1874. not Kiitz.

Pinnularia apis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 420. pl. 3. VIII. f. 18.
1843?

Diploneis adonis Brun variety omaruensis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 85.

1894, 1
Navicula didyma Ehrenb. err. det.; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2. 72. 1891. |
As Cleve says @ it is impossible to decide positively what .V. apis (Ehrenb.) Kiitz.
really denotes. Ehrenberg’s figure and description of Pinnularia apis make it rea-
sonably certain that it is not the present species; nor are the synonyms cited by
Donkin at all illuminating. Kiitzing’s figure? is almost anything but Donkin’s
diatom, and more unlike it, if possible, is W. Smith's figure determined as N. didyma
Kiitz.¢ I therefore look upon Donkin’s form as a distinct species. Although Ehren-
berg’sname can not be satisfactorily determined, it is inapplicable to the present
species as above noted, and as there is so much doubt about Grove and Cleve’s identifi-
cation it may be advisable to drop the name entirely until more accurate information
is available. I have therefore selected the name omaruensis as the only one tenable. )
The form called V. apis Ehrenb., by Grove and Cleve (?)¢4 (Cleve ¢says ‘‘Grove & |
Sturt), ’’ Cleve unites with NV. adonis Brun, to which it bears no trace of resemblance.
De Toni bundles the whole list together under V. didyma Ehrenb., giving without |
comment many utterly irreconcilable figures./ That Schmidt recognizes the
independent status of Donkin’s form is evidenced by the figures given by him under
that name.g

Found at station 2848, south of Alaska peninsula.

Navicula ardua Mann, sp. nov. Pate LIII, ricgures 2, 3.

Valval view long-lanceolate, with sides not curved but proceeding in straight lines
from the broad central portion to the rounded apices; costae set at an angle of 45° until
very near the apices, then transverse; broader at their outer ends; remote from the
raphe, leavinga hyaline line on either side of it; those at the center of the valve slightly

aSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 91. 1894.

> Kiitz. Bacill. pl. 28. f. 76. 1844.

¢W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 53. pl. 17. f. 154a. 1853.

@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 174. f. 13.

eSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 85. 1894.

/ Kiitz. Bacill. pl. 4. f. 7. and pl. 28. f. 75. 1844. Donk. Brit. Diat. pl. 7. f. 3. and
pl. 7. f. 8a. 1871-73.

gSchmidt, Jahresb. kK omm. Deut. Meere 2: 86. 1874.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 337

shorter, giving thereby a broader hyaline area around the central nodule; zonal view
subrectangular, with rounded corners, slightly narrowed at the middle by the depres-
sion of the centers of the valves; zone or girdle broad and hyaline.

Length of valve, 0.06 mm.; width of valve, 0.01 mm. Costae, 52 in 0.1 mm.

I have named this minute Navicula with reluctance, having tried to brirg it into
union with several known forms, such as Gomphonema gracile naviculoides Grun.,@ or
with N. tenella Breb.» It could be looked upon as a wide variety of the former of these
two, which is the same as Gomphonema naviculoides W. Smith, if that diatom were at
all like the figure given in Strose,¢« but the identification there is incorrect. The
zonal view is beyond question that of a Navicula, and Strose shows his doubt of the
name by an interrogation point. My species resembles somewhat a minute specimen
of N. pennata Schmidt,¢ but the strictly unbeaded costae of my species, as well as the
size, precludesa union. Itsnearest representative is an unnamed figure of Schmidt’s,é
which it closely resembles except in the matter of the apices.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590144, from station 2680H off central
California, October 11, 1891: 864 fathoms, bottom of brown mud and sand.

Navicula arenaria Donk. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n.s.1: 10 pl. 1. /. 8. 1861; Brit.
Diat. 56. pl. 8.f. 5a—c. 1871-73. Rabh. Fl. Eur.- Alg. 1: 177. 1864. Grun.;
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 47: f. 38-40 (not f. 41). 1876. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 8. f. 18.
1881?. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 411. pl. 34. f. 17. 1875. Lagers.
Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 31°: 34. 1876. Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St.
Brieuc 23. 1879, not H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 250. 1874.

Navicula lanceolata Kiitz.; Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27°: 22.1895. Van Heur.
Synop. 88. 1885. De Toni, Sy!l. Alg. 2: 58. 1891, not Cymbella lanceolata C. Ag.

Although there is similarity between certain figures called N. lanceolata (C. Ag.)
Kiitz. and the above species, I find none that can be considered the same. In
fact, I am at a loss to decide what this lanceolata of Kiitzing is specifically. No defi-
nite idea can be obtained from the original descriptions and figures,’ the figures
showing a variety of outlines, but devoid of any markings known in Navicula. I
notice that Cleve g passes over all citations from Kiitzing and apparently bases his
conception of the species on the description and figure in Lagerstedt.2 If so, it
is quite irreconcilable with Donkin’s species. I think that here, asin some other cases,
Cleve has carried condensation beyond the point of usefulness. The specimens
found by me are so exactly Donkin’s type that I accept his name as valid.

Found at station 3635H, Bering Sea.

Navicula aspera Ehrenb.; Donk. Brit. Diat. 62. pl. 10. f. 1a—-c. 1871-73. Van Heur.
Synop. 94. pl. 10. f. 13. 1881; Suppl. pl. B. f. 26.1885; Treat. Diat. 205, pl. 4. f.
165. 1896. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 2-6, 21 (f. 14-15 doubtful). 1876. Grun.
Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 56. pl. 1. /. 20. 1884. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung.
2: 42. pl. 10. f. 180.1889. Schultze, Bull. Torr. Club 14: 70. pl. 66. f. 6. 1887.
De Toni, Syl. Alg. 2: 109. 1891.

Navicula aspera Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 206. 1842, nom. nud.;

Mikrog. pl. 835A, XX. f. 5. 1854, as synonym.

a Van Heur. Synop. pl. 24. f. 13. 1881.

6 Van Heur. Synop. pl. 7. f. 20-21. 1881.

¢ Strose, Bacillarienlager pl. 1. f. 18, 21. 1884.
@ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 41-43. 1876.

€Op. cit. pl. 46. f. 65.

#C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 9. 1832. Kiitz. Bacill. 94. pl. 28. f. 38, pl. 30. f. 48. 1844.
gSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 1894.

h Otv. Kgl. Vet. Akad. 417°: 49. pl. 8. f. 5. 1884.

338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Stauroptera aspera Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 299, 387. pl. 1. If.
1-2, pl. 1. II. f. 1-2, pl. 2. VI. f. 20. pl. 4. IV. f. 1 (2). 1843; Mikrog. pl. 19.
f. 26, pl. 385A, XX. f. 5. 1854. Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: pl. 1. £18. 1854.

Stauroptera achnanthes Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 387. pl. 3. IM,
J. 7 (2), pl. 4. IIL. f. 2 (2). 1843, not Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 17. I. f. 10. 1854.

Stauroneis espera Kitz. Bacill. 106. pl. 29. f. 12a-b. 1844.

Stauroneis pulchella W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 61. pl. 19. f. 194a-b. 1853.

Stauroptera oblonga Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 7: 10. pl. 1. f. 17 (2). 1854.

Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 16 1876? Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 24. pl.
20. f. 7. 11, 1886. :

Navicula neumeyert Jan.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 1 1876?

Navicula pseudoaspera Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 18. f. 258. 1893.

Trachyneis aspera Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 191. pl. 3. f. 87. 1894.

1 have marked several of the above synonyms as doubtful, among them the 8S.
oblonga of Bailey, though what Castracane calls by that name is an unquestionable
example of the present species. I exclude the following species classed as synonyms
by Cleve: Stauroneis robusta Petit ¢, Stauroneis pygmea Castr.,5 Navicula contramina
Schmidt, ¢ Navicula residua Schmidt,d Navicula amphora Brun.,e Navicula schmidtiana
Grun. / :

De Toni, though recognizing Stauroneis as a valid genus, considers this particular
species to be a Navicula.

Found at stations 2808, 2848, 2920H, 3013H.

Navicula (aspera ?) intermedia Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 14-15. 1876.

I mention this variety separately because I think with Schmidt that it is classed
with N. aspera with much. difficulty. I discovered it in different dredgings from
those that yielded N. aspera.

Found at stations 2807, 2823, 2919, 3611, Galapagos Islands to Bering Sea.

Navicula bisulcata Lagers. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1: 31. pl. 7. f. 8-9. 1873.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 49. f. 15, 17, 18. 1877. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 150. 1891.

Neidium bisuleatum Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 68. 1894.

It has the general build of NV. firma Kiitz., but is of extreme delicacy and fineness
of structure. It resembles far less NV. scita W. Smith.g to which Cleve compares it, this
lattcr having dotted and-slightly radiating striae and no pronounced hyaline central
area.

Found at station 3712H, Okhotsk Sea.

Navicula bombus (Ehrenb.) Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 83. 1849. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 204.
1864. Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 484. pl. 9. f. 12. 1857. Donk. Brit. Diat.
50. pl. 7. f. 7a (not f. 7b). 1871-73. O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 401.
pl. 33. f. 28.1875. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 69. f. 28-29. Van Heur. Synop. 90; Suppl.
pl. B. f. 22. 1885. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 893. 1861. Cleve, in Nordensk.
Vega Exped. 3: 471. 1883. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 75. 1891. Van Heur. Treat.

' Diat. 194. pl. 3. f. 149. 1896. |

Pinnularia bombus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 30. 1845.

Diploneis bombus Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 31. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267:
90. 1894. e

Navicula bombus Ehrenb.; Schmidt, Atlas ed. 2. pl. 13. f. 4-14, 16. 1885.

a Fonds de la Mer 3: 185. pl. 5. f. 16a-b. 1877.

bCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 25. pl. 29. f. 7. 1886.

¢Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 17-18. 1876.

@QOp. cit. pl. 48. f. 29.

€ Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31': 32. pl. 15. f. 3. 1891.
/Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. (f. 12-13 unnamed), f. 19-20. 1876.

g Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Il. 19: 8. pl. 2. f. 4. 1857,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 339

Navicula gemina Wiitz. Baecill. 100. 1844?
Navicula gemina Schmidt, Atlas pl. 18. f. j-9, 13-14, 16. 1875; Jahresb. Komi.
Deut. Meere 2: pl. 1. f. 1 (not pl. 2. f. 1). 1874.

This brilliant and massive diatom, though a well-marked species, is represented
by many figures so bad as to cause confusion. Some of Schmidt’s figures @ of this as
well as of the synonymous N. gemina® are much too delicately represented, while
others ¢ are so aberrant as to be difficult of recognition. Wolle’s figures @ are absolutely

deceptive. The form called by Donkiné *‘a var. from Northumberland” is evidently
an example of N. didyma (Ehrenb.) Kiitz.,/it also being from Northumberland. The
best figures of the type are those of Ehrenberg, Van Heurck, and Schmidt,9 enu-
merated below.

Schmidt wrote ‘N. gemina A. §S.’’ instead of N. gemina Kiitz. or N. gemina
(Ehrenb.) Kiitz., because, as he states, he was unable to figure out what the older
names represented. Cleve avoids the difficulty by omitting any reference to Kiitzing
or to the Pinnularia gemina Ehrenb. as figured in Schmidt’s Atlas” or the Navicula
bombus Ehrenb. It is, however, certain that all these are the*same, unless it be the
P.gemina Ehrenb., which in its single reference I look upon as a nomen nudum.

Found at stations 2916H, 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Navicula brasiliens‘s Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 152. pl. 14. f. 10. 1863;
in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 19. 1870. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 6.f. 19-21, 23-25,
pl. 6. f. 31-33 (unnamed). 1875. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 30. pl. 20.
f. 1-2. 1886. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 43. pl. 5. f. 82. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 27?: 47. pl. 1. f. 19. 1895. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 55. 1891.

My specimens are identical with some unnamed figures of Schmidt’s,’ which he is
disposed to regard as representing a new species. The minute differences he cites for
separating these forms from the above, as figured by him on the same plate, are
hardly sufficient to mark them as varieties, much less species.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Navicula brevis Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 478. pl. 9. f. 4. 1857. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 11. f. 18-19. 1881. Donk. Brit. Diat. 19. pl. 3. f. 4. 1871-73.
Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 2. f. 14-15. 1874. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 899. 1861. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 10. f. 7,17. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
123. Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 465. 1883.

Navicula (brevis variety ?) distoma Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl.

177: 30. pl. 1. f. 25-26. 1880.

Caloneis brevis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 61, 1894.

Cleve mentions as a possible synonym NV. crassa Greg.j In form they are much
alike, but I do not regard them as the same. If they were, N. crassa would super-
sede N. brevis. Gregory certainly did not consider them the same, and as Cleve &
Grunow point out,* they are distinguished by the far finer dotting of the striae in _V.
brevis.

Found at station 2885, off Oregon.

@Schmidt, Atias ed. 2. pl. 13. f. 7-12. 1885.
6 Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 2. f. 1. 1874.
¢Schmidt, Atlas pl. 69. f. 28-29. 1881.
@Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 10. f. 47-48, 50, pl. 23. f. 3. 1890.
€ Donk. Brit. Diat. pl. 7. f. 7b. 1871-73.
/ Donk. op. cit. f. &.
g Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 31. 1854. Van Heur. Synop. Suppl. p/. B. f. 22. 1885.
Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 1. f. Ja—b. 1874.
h Ber. Alsad. Wiss. Berl. 7840: 214. 1841.
iSchmidt, Atlas pl. 6. f. 31-33. 1875.
J Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. 3: 41. pl. 4. f. 18. 1855.
" kSy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 30. 1880.

340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Navicula clavata Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 4: 46. pl. 5. f. 17. 1856. Donk. ~
Brit. Diat. 15. pl. 2. f. 8 1871-73. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 13, pl. 70. f. 50. 1881; pl.
129. f. 16. 1888; Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 1. f. 33. 1874. Cleve, Sv.
Vet. Acad. Hand]. 27*: 61. 1895, Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 848. 1861. O'Meara,
Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. IL. 2: 386. pl. 32. f. 23 (figure poor). 1875.

Navicula wrightti O'Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 7: 116. pl. 5. f. 4 (figure
poor). 1867.

Navicula caribaea Cleve; Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere, 2: 89. pl. 1. f. 40.
1874; Atlas pl. 2. f. 17. 1875; pl. 70. f. 48. 1881?

Navicula hennedyi W. Smith; Van Heur. Synop. 93. 1881; Treat. Diat. 204, 1896.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 104. 1891.

Navicula lyra Ehrenb.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f. 47. 1881. Hab. Cat. 193, 212. 1877.

This diatom stands midway between N. lyra Ehrenb. and N. hennedyi W. Smith.
The union here of O’Meara’s N. wrightti is justified by Cleve, though the figure in the
‘ above citation would not lead one to suspect it, unless it were compared with the
equally deceptive figure by O’Meara of N. clavata. Most of that author’s machine-
made illustrations are useless for identification. The specimens found by me are
the variety with the spaces between the marginal and median striations strongly
granulated instead of hyaline.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Naviculacrabro(Ehrenb.) Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 83. 1849; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 94.
1856. Grey. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 5: 7. pl. 3. f. 11. 1857; Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 894. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur Alg. 1: 204. 1864. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien 10: 524. pl. 3. f. 21. 1860; in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 18. 1870.
Donk. Brit. Diat. 46. pl. 7. f. 7. 1871-73. Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut.
Meere 2: pl. 1. f. 5-6, pl. 2. f. 4. 1874; Atlas pl. 69. f. 1-4. 1881; pl. 174. f. 4,
6-7. 1892. De Toni, Syl]. Alg. 2: 68. 1891. Van Heur. Synop. 83. pl. 9. f. 1-2.
1881; Treat. Diat. 192. pl. 3. f. 144. 1896.

Pinnularia crabro Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 85. 1845. Rabh. Fl. Eur.
Alg. 1: 219. 1864. -

Diploneis crabro Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 29a-c. 1854. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. .
Hand]. 267: 100. pl. 2. f. 8 (?), 10 (2), 11. (?) (not f. 9). 1894.

Navicula pandura Breb. Mem, Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. 2: 253. f. 4. 1854. Schmidt,
Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 2. f. 3. 1874; Atlas pl. 11. f. 1-2, 4, 8-9. 1875.
Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 4: 43. pl. 5. f. 11. 1856. Truan & Witt, Diat.
Hayti 17. pl. 4. f. 14. 1888.

Pinnularia pandura Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 489. pl. 9. f. 22. 1857.

Navicula multicostata Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 524. pl. 1. f. 13. 1860
(figure bad). Schmidt, Atlas pl. 11. f. 14-20, pl. 12. f. 71-72. 1875. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 69. 1891.

Pinnularia multicostata Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 219..1864.

- Navicula grevillei Donk. Brit. Diat. 47. 1871-73.

Navicula nitida W. Smith; Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 4: 44. pl. 5. f. 12*
(not f. 12).

Navicula dirrhombus Schmidt, Atlas pl. 11. f. 21-22. 1875; pl. 69. f. 9-10. 1881.

Navicula suspecta Schmidt, Atlas pl. 11. f. 12-13, 26-27. 1875?

Navicula gibelii Schmidt, Atlas pl. 12. f. 73. 1875?

Navicula separabilis Schmidt, Atlas pl. 11. f. 38, 5-7, 10, 17. 1875.

Navicula erpleta Schmidt, Atlas pl. 69. f. 7-8. 1881?

Navicula polita Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!: 37. pl. 15. f. 1.
1891.

Navicula gloriosa Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!': 34. pl. 15. f. 8,
12. 1891.

Navicula navigans Brun; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 774. f. 1. 1892.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 341

Navicula siderialis Schmidt, Atlas; pl. 174. f. 3. 1892.

Navicula ornata Schmidt, Atlas pl. 69. f. 5. 1875; pl. 174. f. 25. 1892.

The above synonymy agrees mainly with that of Cleve.¢ I have, however, placed
question marks after some in the list; for although they are near enough to N. crabro
to suggest their union, I am not satisfied as to the wisdom of uniting them. The
following, included by Cleve, I exclude from the list: N. limitanea Schmidt, Diploneis
crabro pandurella Cleve,¢ N. confecta Schmidt,¢ N. mantichora Pant.e This last

name is a matter of doubt, there being no text to accompany the figure; but judging
from the figure, as I infer Cleve did, I can not take the view that it is a‘ corroded’ ’

specimen of N. crabro. Anyone who reads Schmidt's pathetic appeal / for guidance
out of the labyrinth of confused forms called N. crabro, N. pandura, and N. mutticos-
tata can not but realize that Cleve has done a large and valuable work in simplifying
this part of our nomenclature.

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2920H, 3013H, Galapagos and Hawaiian islands.

Navicula curvilineata Mann, sp. nov. PuateE LIT, ricure 4.

Valve broadly oval, tapering by nearly straight lines to the subacute apices; raphe
extensively curved near the apices toward opposite sides, and sharply bent at the
center toward the same side; otherwise straight; markings of large massive beads, so
arranged in rows as to give curved lines, oblique to the raphe, in two directions;
hyaline space much broader on one side of the raphe than on the other ( Alloineis ty pe);
a distinct border of strong, closely set lines perpendicular to the margin, broadest at
the center of the valve and narrowing proportionately toward its apices; a large hyaline
stauros at the center, about one-half the width of the valve.

Length of valve, 0.128 mm.; width of valve, 0.062 mm. Curved obliaue striae (at
center), 40 to 45 in 0.1 mm.; radiating striae (at center), 75 to 80 in 0.1 mm.

This brilliant diatom has some resemblance to the following species, united by Cleve 9
under the names Anomoeoneis polygramma (Ehrenb.) Cleve, Stauroneis polygramma
Ehrenb.;” Navicula costata Kiitz.;+ Navicula bohemica Ehrenb., / and Navicula fossilis
Ehrenb.*

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590145, from station 2807, Galapagos
Islands, April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud.
Navicula cuspidata Kiitz. Bacill. 94. pl. 3. f. 24, 37. 1844. Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 37.

pl. 5. f. 16. 1853. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 47. pl. 16. f. 131. 1853.

Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 905 (not pl. 12. f. 5). 1861. Donk. Brit. Diat. 39. pl.

6. f. 6. 1871-73. O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. IT. 2: 357, pl. 31. f. 1.1875. Brun,

Diat. Alp. 66. pl. 7. f. 6. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 100. pl. 12. f. 4. 1881; Suppl.

pl. B. f. 30. 1885; Treat. Diat. 214. pl. 4. f. 190-191. 1896. H. L. Smith, Sp.

Diat. Typ. no. 259. 1874. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 109. 1894. Truan,

Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 342. pl. 7. f. 26. 1884. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:

136. 1891. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 12. f. 16. 1890.

Frustulia cuspidata Kitz. Linnaea 8: pl. 2. f. 26. 1833.

a Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 100-102. 1894.
6 Schmidt, Atlas pl. 11. f. 23. 1875; pl. 69. f. 12, 23. 1881.

e Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 101. pl. 2. f. 9. 1894.

d Op. cit. pl. 12. f. 46.

e Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 35. f. 490. 1893.

/ Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 85-86. 1874.

9 Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27°: 6. 1895.

hk Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: pl. 2. VI. f. 30. 1843.
i Kitz. Bacill. 93. pl. 3. f. 56. 1844.

j Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 10. I. f. 4a. 1854.

k Op. cit. pl. 10. I. f. 6.

342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Navicula ambiqua Ehrenb. err, det. ?; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 51. pl.
16. f. 149. front. f. CX LIX. 1853. Donk. Brit. Diat. 39. pl. 6. f. 5. 1871-73.
O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II, 2: 360. pl. 31. f. 10. 1875. HH. L. Smith, Sp.
Diat. Typ. no, 243. 1874. Brun, Diat. Alp. 67. pl. 7. /. 23. 1880. Van Heur.
Synop. 100. pl. 12. f. 5. 1881; Treat. Diat. 214. pl. 4. f. 192. 1896. Truan, Anal.
Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 18: 343. pl. 7. f/. 28. 1884. Grun, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien 10: 529. pl. 2. f. 33(?). 1860. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 137. 1891 (not Schum.
Schrift. Phys. Okon. Ges. Kénigsb. 10: 88. pl. 2. f. 14. 1869).

Navicula sphaerophora Wiitz.; Grun. Verh, Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 540. pl. 2. f.
34. 1860.?

Cleve unites NV. ambiqua Ehrenb., adding a question mark, and the same in Kiitzing,@
to the above. I can see no reason for this. Ehrenberg’s figures are as usual not
uniform, but noneof them, nor his meager descriptions, warrant their union with this
well-marked species. The fact is that a number of authors, mainly those cited above,
have given toa variety of N. cuspidata having the general outline of some of Ehren-
berg’s figures, the name NV. ambigua Ehrenb. The first definite figure and description
is by W. Smith® and many of the older diatomists have maintained that the name
should be credited to him, a procedure entirely out of accord with modern usage.
There. is, however, no questicn that his species, so well figured and described, belongs
here.” De Toni and Brun look upon the two as separate, but Van Heurck and others,
while printing their figures and descriptions separately, state that they are probably
alike. I have not only examined the many figures but a number of specimens of the
two,as H. L. Smith’s types, nos. 243 and 259, and find them to be only unimportant
varieties,

Cleve also groups here N. sphaerophora Kiitz.¢ The figure is a little suggestive
of that species, but it would be misleading to include this distinct diatom here. His
union of N. birostrata Greg. and@d N. quarnerensis Grun.é is a mistake. It is of inter-
est that both N. cuspidata and the variety called as above, N. ambigua, affoad fre-
quent examples of the internal craticular plates which were formerly known as
Surirella craticula, Craticula ehrenbergii, and Stictodesmis craticula. Good figures of
this structure are given by Van Heurck and by Heribaud./

Found at station 3607, Bering Sea.

,Navicula didyma (Ehrenb.) Kiitz. Bacill. 100. pl. 4. f. VIJ. 1-2, pl. 28. f. 75. 1844.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 893. pl.7.f. 61; pl. 15. f.12. 1861. Van Heur. Synop.
90. pl. 9.f.5-6. 1881; Suppl. pl. B.f. 20. 1885; Treat. Diat. 193. pl. 3. f. 147. 1896.
W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 53. pl. 17. f. 154, Front. f. CLIV. 1853. Donk.
Brit. Diat. 51. pl.7.f.8b (not /. Sa). 1871-73. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 203. 1864.
Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 85. pl. 1. f. 7a-b. 1874. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 13.f. 1-3. 1875 (not pl. 69. f. 30, 37-39. 1881). O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad.
II. 2: 402 (not pl. 33. f. 29). 1875. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 265. 1874.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 71. 1891.

Navicula (Pinnularia) didyma Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1839: 155.
1841.

Pinnularia didyma Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 383. pl. 2. 1V. f. 3,
pl. 2.VI_f. 24, pl. 3. VII. f. 19 (?). 1843. Jan., Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1862 ?:
28. pl. 2B.f. 13. 1862.

a Kiitz. Bacill. 95. pl. 28. f. 66. 1844.

6’W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 51. pl. 16. f. 149. 1853.

¢ Donk. Brit. Diat. 34. pl. 5. f. 10. 1871-73.

d Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 3: 40. pl. 4. f. 15. 1855.

¢ Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 530. pl. 3.f.8. 1860.

/Van Heur. Synop. pl. 12. f.6. 1881; Treat. Diat. pl. 4. f. 193. 1896. Herib. Diat,
Auverg. pl. 4.f. 15. 1893.

a

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 343

Diploneis didyma Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 18.f. 69 (2), pl. 19.f.32, pl. 21.f.34 (2), pl. 22.
f. 60 (?). 1854. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 90. 1894.

Here again it is a question if Ehrenberg should be quoted as the author of this name.
A bare reference to Pinnularia didymus is followed by a confusion of irreconcilable
figures. That a well-understood conception has grown around this name is certain,
but that it matches Ehrenberg’s form or forms can not be proved. Cleve drops Ehren-
berg out of the category, except for the original reference. De Toni masses the hete-
rogeneous lot from Ehrenberg and other authors without comment. He also includes
here N. (Pinnularia) apis Ehrenb. a thing not to be commended. There are a large
number of diatoms of this general build, and the above species doubtless grades off
into N. bombus (Ehrenb.) Kitz. on the one hand and N. splendida Greg. on the other.
Their drawings are still more liable to overlap. But aside from the fact that N. apis
Ehrenb. is an indefinite quantity, the modern conception of it in Kiitzing, Donkin,
and others can not be joined with this species.

Found at station 3008H, Hawaiian Islands.

Navicula distans (W. Smith) Ralfs, Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 907. 1861. Schmidt,
Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 91. pl. 2. f.38 (unnamed). 1874. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 46. f. 11-14. 1876. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. IT. 2: 343 (not pl. 30.
f.6). 1875. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1'%: 17. 1873. Grun. in Cleve &
Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 38. pl. 2. f.42. 1880. Grun. Denkschr. Akad.
Wien 487: 55. pl. 1. f.26. 1884. Van Heur. Synop. Suppl. 87. pl. A. f. 18. 1885;
Treat. Diat. 185. pl.3./f. 133. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 53. 1891. Cleve, Sv.
Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 35. 1895.
Pinnularia distans W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 56. pl. 18. f. 169. 1853. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg.1: 217. 1891.

Found at stations 3526, 3604, 3635H, 3692H, Bering and Okhotsk seas.

Navicula fluminensis Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 520. pl. 1.f.7. 1860.
Cleve, in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 463. 1888. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 177: 28. pl. 1.f.12. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 111. 1891.

Navicula ( fluminensis var.?) floridana Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°: 6. pl. 7.

f.10. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 35. 1891.

Navicula loczyi Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 51. pl.6.f. 114. 1889.

Cleve makes this a variety of Pinnularia quadratarea (Schmidt) Cleve,@ which is
his own N. pinnularia.6 He says, however, regarding N. fluminensis: ‘‘1 have not
seen original specimens and am therefore uncertain whether this form belongs to
P. quadratarea or whether it is a Caloneis.’’ It has no likeness to that form, except
in its having the transverse striae interrupted by a stauros at the center. My speci-
men is much larger than any observed by Grunow, his largest (variety kuguelensis)
being 0.057 mm. long, while mine is 0.085 mm. long. But Cleve’s N. floridana and
Pantocsek’s N. loczyi approach it, the former being 0.075mm. and the latter 0.081mm.
long.

Found at station 3692H, Okhotsk Sea.

Navicula formosa Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s.4: 42. pl. 5. f. 6. 1856.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 50.f.9-14 (not f.8, 15). 1877. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ.
no. 274. 1874. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 909. 1861. Van Heur. Synop. 102.
pl. 11. f. 2. 1881-85; Treat. Diat. 218. pl. 5. f. 199. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 142. 1891.

Pinnularia oregonica Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1870: pl. 2. If. 10
1871.

aSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 96. 1895.
bOfv. Kgl. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 25: 224> pl. 4.f. 1-2. 1868.

31713—vo. 10 pr 5—07——9

344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Navicula holmiensis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18%: 8. pl. 2. f. 18. 1881.
Navicula liburnica Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. 102. pl. 11. f.8. 1881-85. x
Caloneis formosa Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 57. 1894.

The truly transverse striae of V. formosa fossilis Pant.4 makes it a questionable refer-
ence to the fbove, Cleve puts it in Caloneis liber (W. Smith) Cleve.® Gregory's
original figure is a little more coarsely striated than normal.

Found at station 2929, off southern California.

Navicula gemmata Grey. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. n. s. 10: 30. pl. 4. f. 7. 1859.
Grun. in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 100. pl. 7A. f. 16. 1870. Sehmidt, Atlas
pl. 8.f. 38,42. 1875; pl.70.f.74 (unnamed), 1882. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1:
25. pl. 20.f. 181. 1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 69. 1891.

Diploneis gemmata Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 98. 1894.

Navicula pseudogemmata Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 8: pl. 29.f. 420. 1893.

Navicula grunowti Rabh. err. det. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f. 73. 1882.

Navicula pristiophora Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70.f.72. 1882.

Navicula mediterraneana Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 8. f. 40. 1875 (?); Jahresb. Komm.
Deut. Meere 2: pl. 2.f. 10. 1874.

Navicula eudoxja Schmidt, Atlas pl. 8.f. 39. 1875; pl. 70.f. 71. 1882.

Navicula chimmoana O'Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 12: 285. pl. 13. f. 1.
1872. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 81. f. 7. 1890.

Navicula suluensis O'Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 12: 285. pl. 13.f.2.
1872. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 87.f. 2. 1890.

Navicula bipunctata O’Meara, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 12: 286. pl. 73. f. 5.
1872. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 81.f.5. 1890?

Navicula unipunctata O'Meara (?) Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 12: 286. pi. 13.f. 4.
1872. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 81. f. 4. 1890.

I exclude from the above the following included by Cleve: N. basilica Brun ¢
and N. spectabilis Grun.¢ This last is a preempted name, having been used by
Gregory in 1856. Rabenhorst therefore renamed it NV. grunowii.¢ It is not the same
as the form so called by Schmidt, which is included here.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Navicula graeffii Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f.5-6. 1875. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
94. 1891.

°
Diploneis graeffii Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 93. 1894.
Found atstation 4516H, Gulf of California.
Navicula gyrinida Mann, sp. nov. Puate LII, ricure 6.

Valve broadly oval, curving from the center to the rounded ends; markings ~
moniliform striae, extending from the margin to a line inclosing a spindle-shaped —
central area; this area ribbed transversely with smooth striae confluent with the
outer moniliform striae, these last being radiate; a minute H-shaped hyaline central
space.

Length of valve, 0.054 mm.; width of valve, 0.035 mm.

This species is close to the unnamed figure of Schmidt’s,/ of which he says, “mit
N. elliptica schwerlich zu vereinen.’’ It is certainly impossible to call it N. ellip-
tica Kutz.g Nor can it be either of the irreconcilable figures of N. elliptica W. Smith.’

4 Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 46. pl. 20. f. 310. 1889.

bSy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267%: 55. 1894.

¢ Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 31!': 32. pl. 15. f. 14. 1891.

@ Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 533. pl. 1./f. 11. 1860.

¢Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 203. 1864.

JSchmidt, Atlas pl. 7.f. 24. 1875. ;

9 Kiitz. Bacill. 98. pl. 30. f. 55. 144, and Van Heur. Synop. pl. 10. f. 10, 1881.
AW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 48. pl. 17. f. 152. 1853,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 345

The name here given refers to its resemblance in outline and convexity to the water-

beetle, Gyrinida.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590146, from station 2807, Galapagos Islands,

‘April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina, ooze and coral mud.

Navicula hennedyi W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 93.1853. Greg. Trams. Micr. Soc,
Lond. n. s. 4: 40. pl. 5. f. 3. 1856. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 532.
pl. 1. f. 21-22. 1860. Donk. Brit. Diat. 11. pl. 2. f. 3. 1871-73. Schmidt, Jahresb.
Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 89. pl. 1. f. 41. 1874. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 3-5, 17, 18.
1875; pl. 129. f. 10. 1888. Van Heur. Synop. 93. pl. 9. f. 14. 1881; Treat. Diat.
204. pl. 4.f. 160, pl. 27.f.755. 1896. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 15. f. 14. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 898. pl. 7. f. 69.1861. Witt, Verh. Russ. Min. Ges. II. 2: 29. pl.
9. f. 5. 1886. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 387. pl. 32. f. 241. 1875.
Rabh. FI. Eur. Alg. 1: 178. 1864. Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 29.
pl. 8. f. 88. 1879 (?). Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 47. pl. 12. f. 207. 1889.
Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°: 7. pl. 1. f. 14-15 (not pl. 2. f. 19). 1881;
273: 57. 1895; 267: pl. 4. f. 14. 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 103..1891. Petit,
Fonds de la Mer 3: 182. pl. 4. f. 13. 1877 (?).

Navicula nebulosa Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 480. pl. 9. f. 8. 1857. Donk.
Brit. Diat. 11. pl. 2. f. 2. 1871-73. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 14. 1875; pl. 70. f.
44. 1881. Cf. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 204. pl. 27. f. 755. 1896.

Navicula californica Grev. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. n. s. 10: 29. pl. 4. f. 5. 1859.
Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 6, 19. 1875.

Navicula polysticta Grey. err. det. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 26-28. 1875. Schmidt,
Jahresb. Komm? Deut. Meere 2: 89. pl. 1. f. 36, 42. 1874. Cf. Edinb. New Phil.
Journ. 10: 28. pl. 4. f. 2. 1859.

Navicula bacillifera Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 42. pl. 5. f. 80. 1889.

Navicula (hennedyi var. ?) caliginosa Cleve. & Grove, Le Diatomiste 1: 67. pl. 10.
f. 9. 1891.

Navicula perennis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 41. f. 560. 1893.

This widely distributed diatom is most variable and grades off so gradually into forms
so different from the type that it is out of the question to draw a boundary line around
this species. It merges into N. praeterta Ehrenb. and N. lyra Ehrenb. I have
excluded from the synonymy such species as seem to me too wide of the ideal to be
in any way confused with it; though I recognize that there are transitional forms in
nearly every instance. For this reason I do not include N. sandriana Grun.,@ N. fallax
Cleve.® N. schleinitzii Jan.,¢ and it is with some uncertainty that I have followed the
lead of Cleve in classing the very delicate N. nebulosa Greg. with the above. This
last occurs plentifully at station 2807 and W. Smith’s type at stations 2807 and 2835.

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2835, 2920H, Galapagos and Hawaiian islands and off
Lower California.

Navicula impressa Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 6. f. 17-18. 1875. Cleve, Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 267: 50, 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 134. 1891. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 6. f. 36 (annamed). 1875.

My specimen is an unsatisfactory example of this diatom. It agrees accurately with
Schmidt’s unnamed figure cited above. Though I share the doubt of Schmidt of this
being identical with any known species, I think the similarity to the above is too close
to admit of maintaining here two good species. Lagerstedt@ has given this name by
mistake to a variety of V. cancellata Donk.

Found at station 3712H, Okhotsk Sea.

@Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 153. pl. 4. f. 5. 1863.

bSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 135. pl. 5. f. 27. 1894.

¢Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f. 48. 1881; Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 15. f. 1.
@ Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 3'°: 33. pl. 1. f. 3. 1876.

346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Navicula invenusta Mann, sp. nov. Pirate LIII, ricgures 6, 7,

Valve elliptical, broad, massive; costae punctate with a double row of alternating
minute beads; the inner ends of the costae forminga straight line parallel to the raphe;
an irregularly placed row of large Deads near the inner ends of the costae; sutures
between the costae projected inward, with enlarged ends, the three on either side of
the hyaline central space extending farther than the rest; a single row of round beads
bordering the median line, the latter terminating in a rectangular hyaline area at each
apex,

Length of valve, 0.120 to 0.165 mm.; width of valve, 0.040 to 0.056 mm.

The larger of the two specimens photographed for the above figures was selected
because, being slightly tilted, it shows the two kinds of beading previously mentioned.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590147, from station 2807, Galapagos Islands,

April 4, 1888; 912 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud.

Navicula irrorata Grey. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. n. s. 10: 27. pl. 4. f. 1. 1859.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 19, 22-23. 1875. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 56.
1895; 26°: pl. 4. f. 18. 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 100. 1891. - Pant. Beitr.
Bacill. Ung. 2: 49. pl. 8. f. 147. 1889. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 897. 1861.

Navicuia approximata Grev.; Grun. in Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 20. 1875.

Such varieties as Schmidt's figure 19, cited above, show the transition of this species

into varieties of NV. sculpta W. Smith.¢

Found at station 2823, Gulf of California.

Navicula lacrimans Schmidt, Atlas pl. 12. f. 59-61.1875. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2:
50. pl. 2. f. 18. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:70. 1891.

Diploneis gemmulata Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26*: 104. 1894, not Navicula gem-
mulata Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 13. f.20-21. 1875.

Cleve’s union of the first two of the three figures of Schmidt, cited above, with
Grunow’s Navicula gemmulata is not to be commended. First of all, the three repre-
sent one species; then, further, they are widely different from N. gemmulata Grun.
It may be added that his joining with these N. taschenbergeri Schmidt > and N. bey-
richiana Schmidt ¢ is equally bad. Later@ he held the last-named separate.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Navicula lata (Breb.) W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 55. 1853. Donk. Brit. Diat.
71. 1871-73. Schum. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 17: 73. pl. 4. f. 54. 1867.
Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 515. 1860. Van Heur. Synop. 76. pl. 6. f.
1-2. 1881; Treat. Diat. 169. pl. 2. f. 76. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 18. 1891.
Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 98. pl. 1. f. 14-17. 1884. Herib. Diat. Auverg.
86. pl. 4. f. 5. 1893. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 289. 1874. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 908. 1861, not Kiitz. Bacill. 92. f. 57. 1844

Frustulia lata Breb. Consid. Diat. 18. 1838.

Pinnularia pachyptera Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 421. pl. 4. I.
f.9. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 388A. X VII. f. 7 (not pl. 354. f. 17). 1854. Rabh. Sussw.
Diat. 45. pl. 6. f. 11. 1853. Bail. in Fremont, Rep. Expl. Exped. 1842-44. 302.
pl. 5. f. 6. 1845.

Navicula pachyptera Kiitz. Bacill. 98. pl. 28. f. 58. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
896. 1861. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. I]. 2: 342. pl. 30. f. 5. 1875. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 45. f. 5-8. 1845. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 20. f. 302. 1898.

Pinnularia lata W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 55. pl. 18. f. 167. 1853. Rabh-

Sussw. Diat. 42. 1853; Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 212. 1864. Brun, Diat. Alp. 85. pl. 8. f.
25. 1880. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27*: 81. 1895.

aVan Heur. Synop. pl. 12. f. 1. 1881.

b Op. cit. pl. 174. f. 8-9.

c Op. cit. pl. 69. f. 16-17.

d Journ. Quek. Mier. Club IL. 2: 167. 18865.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 347

Pinnularia megaloptera Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 3. I. f. 4, III. f. 2. 1854; Phys. Abh.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1870: pl. 3. I. f. 16. 1871.

_ Navicula megaloptera Herib. Diat. Auverg. 88. pl. 4. f. 6. 1893.

Navicula costata Ehrenb.; Herib. Diat. Auverg. 87. pl. 4. f. 7. 1893, not Kiitz. 1844.

A mistake that is constantly being repeated is the uniting of Kiitzing’s figure with
this species, to which it has not the remotest resemblance. It is the same as N. micro-
stoma Kiitz.,4 which is only a variety of N. firma Kiitz., as De Toni? and others
point out. Nevertheless, De Toni,¢ after recognizing this fact, quotes this error of
Kiitzing. Cleve falls into the same mistake, though omitting any reference to the
figure of Kiitzing, his diagnosis being in perfect harmony with his figure. Both
Donkin and O’Meara in the above citations note the mistake made by Kiitzing.

Found at station 3611, Bering Sea.

Navicula lyra Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 419. pe. 7. 1. f. Ga. 1843.
Kiitz. Bacill. 94. pl. 28. f. 55. 1844. Greg. Trans. Roy. Micr. Soc. Edinb. 21: 485.
pl. 9. f. 13-146. 1857. Jan. & Rab. in Rabh. Beitr. 1: 10. pl. 3. f. 7. 1863. Jan.
Abh. Schl. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 18627: pl. 1A. f. 26. 1862. W. Smith, Synop. Brit.
Diat. 1: pl. 17. f. 152a*. 1853; 2: 93. 1856. Pritch. Hist. Iufus. ed. 4. 897. 1861.
Donk. Brit. Diat. 14. pl. 2. f. 7. 1871-73. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 4-5, 8-9, 16,
18 (not. f. 29-33, f. 25-27 doubtful). 1875; Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 1.
f. 34-35, 38-39 (all doubtful). 1874. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 177. 1864. Van
Heur. Synop. 93. pl. 10. f. 1-2. 1881-85; Treat. Diat. 203. pl. 4. f. 161. 1896. Jan.
Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 15. f. 8-9, 18. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5°: 4. pl.
1. f. 1. 1878; Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 63. 1895. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 95.
1891. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 27. pl. 17. f. 150. 1886; 2: 50. 1889; -3: pl.
33. f. 466, 468, pl. 34. f. 479. 1893. Grev. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. n. s. 10: 28.
pl. 4. f. 3. 1859. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 33. pl. 30. f. 13. 1886. Truan,
Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 44. pl. 8. f. 23-24. 1884. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien 10: 532. pl. 3. f. 22 (not f. 23). 1860. H.L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.
292. 1874. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 16. f. 4, 6, 9, 14, 26. 1890.

Navicula bullata Norm. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 8. pl. 2. f. 7. 1861. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 36. f. 7.1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 8-9. 1875. Castr. Rep. Voy.
Chall. Bot. 2: 29. pl. 28. f. 7 (not f. 10), pl. 30. f. 7. 1886.

Pinnutaria couperii Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2°: 39. pl. 2. f. 33. 1851.

Navicula couperi Bail.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 12. 1875? ;

Navicula zanzibarica Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 129. pl. 12. f. 22. 1866.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 3. 1875. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 31. pl. 28. f. 8.
1886.

Navicula robertsoniana Grey. Trans. Bot. Soe. Edinb. 8: 235. pl. 3. f. 9. 1866.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 7, 11. 1875. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 16. f. 8. 1890.

Navicula durandii Kitt.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 129. f. 1-3. 1888.

I have not included here the reference in O’ Meara,@ because all six figures are worse
than worthless. Nor is Schmidt’s figure, cited above and called N. cowperi Bail., like
the original or a good example of N. tyra. Cleve adds N. seductilis Schmidt,e which
Lalso omit. It is plain that this polymorphic form has no hard and fixed boundaries,
and that what is to be included or what not must always be somewhat a matter of per-
sonal preference. I feel thatin this and similar cases condensation ought to be carried
only so far as that the average student will be more likely to pick out the species
assigned than any other. Where, in other words, the relationship begins to seem

a Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 71. 1849.

6 De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 155. 1891.

e Op. cit. 18.

@ Proc. Roy. Trish Acad. IT. 2: 391. pl. 33. f. 1-6. 1875.
€ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 85-86. 1875.

348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

forced, I think it is time to stop. Thus it seems to me that Schmidt’s figure 34,¢ though
clearly grading into N. lyra, would be more likely to be taken for N. foreipata Grey.
I therefore classify it so, Greville’s species not being considered by anyone to be
synonymous with N. lyra. Cleve gives 25 named varieties of N.lyra. I omit these.
They could easily be increased to 100; but our nomenclature will soon change from
binomial to trinomial if this plan becomes a general one.

Found at stations 2694H, 2807, 2808, 2835, 2920H, 3013H, 3604, 3635H, 4014H,
Galapagos Islands to Bering Sea and off Honshu Island, Japan.

Navicula major Kiitz. Bacill. 97. pl. 4. f. 19-20. 1844. Donk. Brit. Diat. 69. pl. 11.f. 2.
1871-73. Van Heur. Synop. 73. pl. 5. f. 3-4. 1881; Treat. Diat. 165. pl. 2. f. 69.
1896. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 42. f. 8 1876 (all other figures doubtful)- Pant.
Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 7. f. 118. 1893. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 10. 1891. HL.
L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 294. 1874. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat.
13: 341. pl. i 7. f. 20. 1884. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 896. pl. 7. f. 65. 1861.

Frustulia major Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 547. f. 25. 1833 ?

Pinnularia major W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 54. pl. 18. f. 162. 1853. Rabh.
Sussw. Diat. 42. pl. 6. f. 5. 1853. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 89. pl. 7.
. 22. 1895.

Navicula heroina Schmidt, Atlas pl. 43. f. 2. 1876.

Navicula nobilis Ehrenb.; Brun, Diat. Alp. 84. pl. 8. f. : 1880.

Navicula transversa Schmidt, Atlas pl. 43. f. 5-6. 1876 (?

Navicula viridis Ehrenb. Infus. 182. pl. 13. f. 16 (not 7 21. f. 12). 1838, in part;
Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1837: pl. 1. f. 19. 1839. Bail. Am. Journ. Sci.
42: 96. pl. 1. f. 16. 1842.

Here we meet a problem of specific limitation that is particularly difficult. I have in
the main followed the arrangement of Cleve,¢ though it leaves much to be desired.
Pinnularia subacuta Ehrenb.¢ I do not include here. Butaside from this, the question
of what distinction can be drawn between the above and N. dactylus (Ehrenb.) Kiitz.,
also N. nobilis (Ehrenb.) Kiitz., is not satisfactorily answered. De Tonie unites N.
dactylus and N. nobilis, but separates them from N. major. All these, as well as figures
of N. viridis (Ehrenb.) Kiitz. are without any lines of separation from each other.
Schmidt says/ ‘‘ Pinn. viridis und dactylus, E., N. major und viridis, K. verschwimmen
so in einander, dass sich ein geniigender Nachweiss iiber ihr Verhaltniss zu einander
gar nicht geben lisst.”’

Found at stations 2848, 2929, south of Alaska peninsula and off southern California.

Navicula nitescens (Greg.) Ralfs, Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 898. 1861. Donk. Brit.
Diat. 8. pl. 1. f. 7. 1871-73. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f. 37-41, pl. 8. f. 14-16
(unnamed). 1875. Jan. & Rabh. in Rabh. Beitr. 1: 10. pl. 2. f. 7. 1863. O’Meara,
Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 389. pl. 32. f. 82. 1875. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 91.
1891. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 198. pl. 26. f. 747. 1896. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung.
‘2: 53. pl. 9. f. 163. 1889.

Diploneis nitescens Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 97. 1894.

Navicula smithii Breb. variety; Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 487. pl. y. f. 16.
1857.

Navicula adriatica Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 525. je. 1. f. 17. 1860.

Pinnularia arraniensis O’ Meara, been Journ. Micr. Sci. 14: 116. pl. 5. f. 6. 1867.

aSchmidt, Atlas pl. 2. 7 4. 1875.

6 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 7: 83. pl. 6. f. 10-11. 1859.
eSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 89. 1895.

d¥hrenb. Mikrog. pl. 385A. VI. f. 12. 1854, and Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 31-33. 1876.
¢ De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 9. 1891.
J Atlas pl. 42. f. 3. 1876.

—— Se S-S,S—‘(i‘i‘itCU™!™UCT;F™TCC

OO ————

—————

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 349

As Ralis@ points out, this is too wide of N. smithii to make a variety, as Gregory pro-
posed. I do not think it necessary to include here N. serru/ata Schmidt,? as is done
by Cleve. Schmidt himself points out that they are related, but they seem to me, as
to him, worthy of separation.
Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.
Navicula notabilis Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 11: 18. pl. 1. f. 9. 1863. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 49. f. 9. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 192. 1891. Schmidt, Jahresb.
Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 88. pl. 1. f. 20, pl. 2. f. 11. 1874. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 8.
f. 46-52. 1875. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 200. pl. 26. f. 750-751. 1896.
Mploneis notabilis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 93. 1894.
My specimen agrees with the two figures of Schmidt,¢ N. notabilis expleta, which
make so divergent a variety that it would almost be allowable to raise the form to spe-
cific rank instead of considering it a variety of the above species.
Found at station 2808, Galapagos Islands.
Navicula oamaruensis Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 129. f. 9. 1888. Cleve, Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 27°: 57. 1895.
It is a question if this can be maintained as a separate species from N. praeterta
Ehrénb. It isso close to N. haytiana Truan & Witt,@ that the only point of contrast
is in the latter having the marginal striae interrupted at the terminations of the raphe,
while the above has the striae unbroken around the entire valve. The close resem-
blance is noted by Grunow in the above citation. Cleve unites N. haytiana with N.
praetexta, yet gives this separate rank. I can only say in conforming to this rather
inconsistent arrangement that the line has to be drawn somewhere. It is significant
that the following dredging which furnishes this form also furnishes the normal N.
praetexta and the typical N. haytiana, as will be noted under N. praetexta.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.
Navicula pennata Schmidt, Atlas pl. 48. f. 41-43. 1876. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 113.
1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 32. 1895.
Navicula kinkeri Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 50. pl. 9. f. 169. 1889. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 21. 1891.

Scoliopleura szakalensis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 57. pl. 8. f. 154. 1889. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 267. 1891.

Navicula pinnata Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 54. pl. 20. f. 308. 1889. Cleve, Sv.
Vet. Akad. Hand]. 27%: 33. 1895. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 64. 1891.

Leaving out the unimportant matter of size, this species differs from . longa
Greg. chiefly in its tapering and transversely cut striae. I see no reason to consider
any of the above forms of Pantocsek as different from this species. Cleve unites the
first two here, but assigns inconsequent reasons for giving V. pinnata separate stand-
ing. Scoliopleura szakalensis is merely a contorted specimen of V. kinkeri; both
come from the same fossil deposit at Szakal. N. pinnata, though not recorded by
Pantocsek from Szakal, is of wide distribution, occurring with N. kinkeri and S.
szakalensis at Nagy-Kurtos, as well as at Bory and Bremia. The union of N. pinnata
here happens to have the added advantage of making synonymous a name too easily
confused with that given by Schmidt.

Found at station 4516H, Gulf of California.

Navicula phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. W) s. Berl. 1836: 53.
1837; Infus. 175. pl. 13. f. 1. 1838.

Bacillaria phoenicenteron Nitzsch. Neue Schrift. Naturf. Ges. Halle 3: pl. 3. f. 12,

14 (exclusive of other figures). 1817. Ehrenb. Infus. 175. 1838.

@Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 893. 1861.
bSchmidt, Atlas pl. 7. f. 42-43. 1875.

¢ Opp. cit. pl. 8. f. 49-350.

@Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti pl. 4. f/. 9. 1888.

359 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Cymbella phoenicenteron Ag. Consp. Diat. 10. 1832.

Stauroneis lanceolata Kiitz. Bacill. 104. pl. 30. f. 24. 1844. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien 10: 563. 1860. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 913. 1861. Rabh. Sussw.
Diat. 48. pl. 9. f. 9. 1853.

Stauroneis phoenicenteron Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 387.
pl. 2. V. f. 1, pl. 3.1. f. 17. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 2. II. f. 8, pl. 3. Tf. 770
4, pl. 6. I. f. 21, pl. 9. I. f. 15, pl. 15. I. A. f. 27. B. f. 10, pl. 16. tee
Jf. 5, TI. f. 28. 1854 (not Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1870:
pl. 2. I. f. 29, pl. 3. I. f. 21. 1871). Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 47. pl. 9. f. 1. 1853. W.
Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1:59. pl. 19. f. 185. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 913.
pl. 9. f. 189, pl. 12. f. 17-18. 1861. Brun, Diat. Alp. 88. pl. 9. f. 5, 7. 1880. Griff.
& Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 735, pl. 15. f. 43. 1883. Van Heur. Synop. 67. pl. 4.
f. 2. 1881; Treat. Diat. 158. /. 30, 159. pl. 1. f. 50. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
204. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26*: 148. 1894. H. L. Smith, Sp.
Diat. Typ. no. 496. 1874. Belloc, Rev. de Comm. 3: 40. pl. 3. f. 117. 1887. Not
Kitz.

Stauroneis baileyi Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 422. 1843; Mikrog.
pl. 2. ITT. f. 12 (not f. 10), pl. 8. IH. f. 6-7. IV. f. 11, pl. 4. Tf. 4 ae
ITT, f. 2, pl. 5. I. f. 18. LI. f. 14, pl. 6. I. f. 17. 1854. Kitz. Bacill. 106, 1844.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 913. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 207. 1891.

Stauroneis pteroidea Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 423. 1843;
Mikrog. pl. 14. I. f. 5. 1854. Kiitz. Bacill. 105. 1844. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
207. 1891.

Stauroneis amphilepta Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 386. pl. 1. II.
f. 9, 13. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 14. f. 18. 1854. Kiitz. Bacill. 105. pl. 29. f. 16-17.
1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 913. 1861.

Stauroneis brunvi Perty; Herib. Niat. Auverg. 76. pl. 3. f. 22. 1893.

Cleve leaves out the two first-named synonyms and consequently credits the name
to Ehrenberg. I am dependent for the reference upon the accuracy of Ehrenberg’s
citation,® but as it is about universally conceded to be correct I quote the reference
to Nitzsch without having seen the original publication.

I do not favor placing Stauronets gracilis Ehrenb. in this list. Ehrenberg’s original
figures ® represent a diatom sharper, much smaller, and much more delicate. The
same is true of Smith’s figures,¢ though this fails to agree with the Ehrenberg type
because of its narrower stauros.

The question of the union of Stauroneis with the present genus has been discussed
under Navicula above.

Found at station 2882, off Oregon.

Navicula pinguis Mann, sp. nov. Puate LITT, ricure 5.

Valve broad, slightly narrowed at the center; ends blunt, center depressed; markings
of heavy ridges bearing large oval beads, three to four, the outer row being elongated
to the margin; a longitudinal hyaline area, through which runs the raphe, connecting
the apices and bordered on either side by a single row of large oval beads of the same ~
number as and continuous with the ridges.

Length of valve, 0.160 mm.; width of valve, 0.070 mm. Striae, 28 in 0.1 mm.

This species bears considerable resemblance to Grunow’s figure of N. subcincta
Schmidt,@ and were this identification correct I would not hesitate to write this as a

aEhrenb. Infus. 175. 1838.

b Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 386. pl. 1. I. f. 14, pl. 2. I. f. 17. 1843;
Microg. pl. 2. I. f. 2. 1854.

eW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 59. pl. 19. f. 186. 1853.

@ Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 56. pl. 1. f. 39. 1884,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 351

wide variety of that species. But Grunow’s form is in no sense Schmidt’s diatom.
Aside from a general similarity of outline and of the median line area, they are most
strongly contrasted. Not only does it fail to agree in beading and the direction of the
striae, especially at the center, with the figure in the Atlas quoted by Grunow,@ but
if we take Schmidt’s original type form ® the difference is even more pronounced.
Grunow also includes what Lagerstedt has perhaps erroneously called NV. didyma
(Ehrenb.) Kiitz.¢ This form, the author says in a note, is close to one of Donkin’s
figures of N. didyma.4 But without going into the merits of Lagerstedt’s identifica-
tion it is enough to say that it has little if any resemblance to either Schmidt's swb-
cincta or to my species, and that subcincta is far closer to Donkin’s figure of didyma
than the one given by Lagerstedt, a fact noted under N. swbcincta in this report. The
exact type form of Schmidt’s N. subcinecta occurs at station 3008H, corresponding
with it in form, markings, and size. When it is compared with this species, all true
resemblance vanishes. It may be instructive to add here the measurements of Gru-
now’s and Schmidt’s specimens for comparison with those given above. Length of
Grunow’s largest specimen, 0.107 mm.; smallest, 0.062 mm; of Schmidt’s type, V. sub-
cincta, 0.054 mm.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590148, from station 3604, Bering Sea,
August 12, 1895; 1,401 fathoms, bottom of green ooze.

Navicula pleurostaurum Mann.

Stauronets acuta W. S. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 59. pl. 19. f. 187, front. f. 187.
1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 914. pl. 7. f. 76. 1861. Van Heur. Synop. 68.
pl. 4. f. 3. 1881; Treat. Diat. 159. pl. 1. f. 51. 1896. Grun. Denkschr. Akad.
Wien 487: 47. 1884. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 485. 1874. Wolle, Diat.
N. A. pl. 8. f. 11. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 141. f. 4-5. 1889. Deby, Ann. Soc.
Malacol. Belg. 11: 88. 1876. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 150. 1894.

Pleurostaurum acutum Rabh. Hedwigia 1: 17. pl. 1. f. B. 1859. Jan. in Hedwigia
1: 25. 1859; 5: pl. 3. f. 1-8. 1863. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 20. 259. f. 6. 1864.

Pleurostauron acutum Rabh.; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 222. 1891.

Stauroneis kochii Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 6. f. 93. 1893.

As I find it necessary to discard the genus Stauroneis as separate from Navicula for
reasons already given, I am compelled to give a new specific name to this well-known
diatom. The name N. acuta is preempted by NV. acuta Kiitz., an indeterminate form,¢
as well as N. acuta (W. Smith) O’ Meara. /

The synonymous form Stauroneis kochii Pant. can not be used, as there is a N. kochii
Pant.g I therefore apply to this diatom the specific name pleurostaurum, taking the
lapsed generic name of Rabenhorst,” of which this particular diatom was the type. As
Rabenhorst has pointed out, this diatom is peculiar in the sunken stauros as well as in
the internal thickening of the side margins, especially toward the ends, which give a
thickened, hooded aspect to the apices. De Toni and others accept this as an ade-
quate generic distinction. I do not consider this and similar forms, as NV. (Stauroneis)

_ fulmen Bright., to be sufficiently distinct from other examples of Navicula to require

their separation. Cleve,i while retaining this in Stauroneis, makes use of Pleuro-

aSchmidt, Atlas pl. 13. f. 41. 1875.

bJahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 2. f. 7. 1874.

¢ Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 3": 36. pl. 7. f. 4. 1876.
@ Donk. Brit. Diat. pl. 7. f/. 8b. 1871-73.

e Kiitz. Bacill. 93. pl. 3. f. 69. 1844.

J Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 407. pl. 34. f. 5. 1875.
g Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 49. pl. 4. f. 72. 1889.

h Hedwigia 1: 17. B859.

Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 150. 1894.

352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

stauron as a subgeneric distinction. As such it is to be commended, though I think
Cleve is here inconsistent, as Pleurostaurum (original spelling) is as different from
his Stauroneis as it is from Navicula.

Found at station 3635H, Bering Sea.

Navicula praetexta Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 214. 1841. Greg. Trans.
Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 481. pl. 1. f. 11. 1857. Kiitz. Bacill. 98. 1844. Donk.
Brit. Diat. 10, pl. 2. f. 1. 1871-73. O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 387.
pl. 32. f. 27.1875. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 80-34. 1875; pl. 129. f. 7-8. 1888. Van
Heur. Synop. 92. pl. 9. f. 13. 1881-85; Treat. Diat. 204. pl. 4. f. 159. 1896. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 183. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 898. 1861. Witt, Verh.
Russ. Min. Ges. 11. 22: 165. pl. 9. f. 4. 1886. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 30. pl.
9. f. 79. 1886. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 44. pl. 8. f. 27. 1884.
Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27*: 55. 1895. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 102. 1891.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 20. f. 1, 7 (not pl. 111. f. 3). 1890. Truan & Witt, Diat.
Hayti 17. pl. 4. f. 8. 1888.

Pinnularia praeterta Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 28. 1854.

Navicula lunyacsekii Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 28. pl. 14. f. 122. 1886?

Navicula haytiana Truan & Witt, Diat. Hayti pl. 4. f. 9. 1888.

Navicula reticulo-radiata Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°:
44. pl. 5. f. 4. 1889. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 204. f. 18. 1897. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 27°: 55. 1895.

It is somewhat of a stretch to include here the above-named synonym of Pantocsek’s;
but the very suggestive figure cited above by Truan & Witt is so evident a comment
on the validity of Pantocsek’s species that I follow Cleve in joining them. I think
that with almost equal reason another figure on the same plate,@ called N. newpauerii
Pant., could be classed here. De Toni? and Cleve ¢ include N. haytiana, as above.
Three reasons are given by the authors for holding it separate from N. praetexta. The
best answer to these is found in comparing their own figures of the two species on plate
4, figures 8 to9. This particular form, haytiana, is found at station 2807 in company
with the true type.

Found at stations 2807, 2920H, Galapagos and Hawaiian islands.

Navicula prodiga Mann, sp. nov. Piate LITI, ricure 4.

Valve outline of 6 perfectly straight lines forming an elongated hexagon, the apices
alone being rounded; the two median sides shorter than those running to the apices;
markings of moniliform striae arranged in the general lyrate pattern, the striae of large
rounded beads, the actually median striae alone being transverse, those on either side
of the middle curving and becoming concentric to the two apices; interspaces between
the striae one-half the width of a bead; lyrate hyaline area narrow, its ends not
approaching, hence the beaded rows on each side of the raphe of nearly equal width
from center to apices; marginal striae at the middle of the valve fully two-fifths its
width, thence diminishing toward the apices as the sides approach; valve surface just
within the margin all around depressed, whereas the margin itself is slightly elevated
above the rest of the surface, thus producing the appearance of a border.

Length of valve, 0.150 mm.; width of valve, 0.085 mm.; striae, 48 in 0.1 mm.

The hexagonal form called N. hennedyi cuneata Schmidt @ resembles my species only
in its hexagonal outline. A far nearer form in Janisch’s Diatoms of the Gazelle Expe-
dition, plate 15, figure 23, is named N. lyra elliptica Schmidt by Cleve,¢ where it is
joined with figures in Van Heurck’s Synopsis, plate 10, figure 2, Schmidt’s Nordsee

a Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: pl. 14. f. 123. 1886.
b De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 103. 1891.

eSy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27*: 55. 1895.
dSchmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 4. 1875.

éSy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27*: 63. 1895.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 353

Diatomaceen, @ plate 1, figure 39, and Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 2, figure 29. It also has
considerable resemblance to Schmidt's Atlas, plate 2, figure 10, V. kittoniana Schmidt,
which Cleve ® makes a variety of N. approrimata Grey.; though how he can see N.
approximata in that form and _N. lyra in the form figured by Janisch just mentioned is
beyond my understanding. Whether or not the form represented by Janisch’s figure,
the N. kittoniana of Schmidt, and my specimen should be classed as a variety of V. lyra
is a question of the limits of a species and the degree of dissimilarity it is desirable to
include under one name. Taking the view that it is advantageous to add as few new
forms as possible to the already enormous species NV. lyra, I have given the above
name. For reasons mentioned in the introduction, the naming of varieties is not
favored by the writer. It may be noted that my specimen differs in several respects
from the two I have here associated with it, especially in the H-shaped hyaline space
not having its tips approach, but strictly parallel, whereby the central rows of striae
are of the same width from the apices to the center. But the minor differences between
my form and that of Janisch’s above can not make them two species.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590149, from station 2920H, Hawaiian
Islands, November 21, 1891; 570 fathoms, bottom of brown mud and fine sand.

Navicula sandriana Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 153. pl. 13. f. 5. 1863.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 10. 1875; pl. 70. f. 45. 1881. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish
Acad. II. 2: 388. pl. 32. f. 29. 1875 (figure poor). Lagers. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 3!°: 41. 1876. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 105. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 27%: 59. 1895.

Navicula rimosa Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 129. pl. 12. f. 25. 1866.

Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 75. f. 25. 1890. .

It seems to me the original figures of both the above give emphasis to a rather incon-
stant feature of this diatom, namely, the narrow sickle-shaped line of striae midway
between the center and the margin. This is very liable to be reduced to a somewhat
indefinite granulation blending with the more indistinct granulation about it. In
fact, there are unmistakable varieties in which these sickle-shaped lines can virtually
disappear. In such a case we are confronted by the question in what respect such a

_ form is separable from varieties of N. hennedyi and N. praetexta, nor can we find any

satisfactory answer. In other words, however useful for classification it undoubtedly
is to retain the enumerated names to designate the more diverse of these forms, it is
probable that both N. sandriana and N. hennedyi will eventually be considered only
striking variations of NV. praetezta.

Found at station 4516H, Gulf of California.

Navicula silicula Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 419. 1843; Mikrog.
pl. 6. I. f. 16, pl. 10. I. f. 13, pl. 14. f. 22, pl. 15A. f. 87a-b. 1854. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 894. 1861.

Navicula limosa Kiitz. Bacill. 101. pl. 3. f. 50. 1844. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien 10: 544. pl. 3. f. 8a-c, 10 (not f. 7, 8d-e, 9). 1860. Donk. Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sci. n. s. 9: 294. pl. 18. f. 7. 1869. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 79. f. 7. 1890.
Donk. Brit. Diat. 73. pl. 12. f. 6. 1871-73. Brun, Diat. Alp. 73. pl. 7. f. 12. 1880
Van Heur. Synop. 103. pl. 12. f. 18-20, 22-23. 1881; Treat. Diat. 219. pl. 5. /f.
207-208. 1896. Lagers. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 1'*: 31. pl. 1. f. 6, 7a. 1873.
Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 41. pl. 6. f. 31. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 894. 1861.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 147. 1891.

Navicula silicula Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 12. f. 21. 1881.

Caloneis silicula Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 51. 1894.

@Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 1. f. 39. 1874.
6 Loc. cit.

304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Navicula gibberula Kitz. Bacill. 101. pl. 8. f. 50. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.
1: pl. 17. f. 160. 1853. Lagers. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1": 31. pl. 1. f. 7.
1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 148. 1891.

Navicula ventricosa Ehrenb. err. det. Donk. Brit. Diat. 74. pl. 12. f. 7. 1871-73.
Van Heur. Synop. 103. pl. 12. f. 24-26. 1881; Treat. Diat. 220. pl. 5. f. 209. 1896.
Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17*: 29. pl. 1. f. 16-18. 1880. De Toni
Syll. Alg. 2: 148. 1891. Cleve‘in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 464. 1883. :

Navicula subventrwosa Grun.; Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 29. pl. 1.
f. 19. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 150. 1891. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped.
3: 464. 1883. *

Navicula horvathti Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: pl. 6. f. 18. 1860.

Navicula haslinszkyi Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 48. pl. 11. f. 193. 1889.

Navicula neogena Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 17. f. 252, pl. 25. f. 872. 1893.

There is some doubt of the propriety of including here N. ventricosa, especially if we

take into consideration Ehrenberg’s authorship. It should either be left out of this
category or referred to as N. ventricosa Ehrenb. err. det. Donk. as above. The con-
trast is considerable even in that case, because of the striking stauros. But if we take
into consideration NV. haslinszkyi (see above), we find a perfect gradation from one phase
to the other. Donkin has included here several species that have absolutely nothing
in common with this species except the trinodal outline; thus, N. leptogongyla
Ehrenb.¢ O’Meara offers such absurd figures of this diatom & that they are much
worse than none.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Navicula smithii Breb.; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 92. 1856. Grun. Verh.
Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 531. 1860; Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 56. pl. 1. f. 40-
41. 1884; in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 18. 1870. Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm.
Deut. Meere 12: pl. 1. f. 19. 1874; Atlas pl. 7. f. 14-20 (f. 21-22 doubtful). 1875.
Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 178. 1864. Donk. Brit. Diat. 6. pl. 1. f. 40. 1871-73.
O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 382. pl. 32. f. 18. 1875. Van Heur. Synop.
91. pl. 9. f. 12; Suppl. pl. B. f. 23. 1881-85; Treat. Diat. 197. pl. 4. f. 151. 1896.
Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 55.1889. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 18: 45.
pl. 8. f. 25-26. 1884. Petit, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1: 245. pl. 14. f. 14.1878. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 86. 1891 (not N. smithii (C. Ag.). Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 231.
1896). Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 12. f. 11, pl. 14. f. 12 (not pl. 20. f. 8). 1890.

Diploneis smithii (Breb.) Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 96. 1894.

Navicula elliptica W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 48. pl. 17. f. 152a (not f. 152a*).
1853 (not Kiitz. 1844).

Navicula doczyi Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 45. pl. 14. f. 247. 1889.

De Toni here includes Pinnularia scutellum O’Meara,¢ which is Navicula scutellum
O’Meara.¢ This is a gross error. O’Meara’s form, judged by its figures and descrip-
tions, is a truly costate-ribbed diatom which shows none of the double-rowed beading
so characteristic of N. smithw. I think if such were present, it could not have been
twice overlooked by O’Meara. Cleveé questions Van Heurck’s determination of
N. scutellum O’ Meara,/ referring the figure doubtfully to N. smithii Breb. It is some-
thing like N. smithii, but in the absence of the beading I think it is a poor figure of
O’Meara’s species. Van Heurckg has transferred Schizonema smithii C. Ag. to Navi-

a Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 10. I. f. 11, pl. 16. I. f. 10. II. f. 7. I. f. 22. 1854.
b Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: pl. 31. f. 80-31. 1875.

¢ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. n. s. 9: 151. pl. 12. f. 5. 1869.

d Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 396. pl. 33. f. 14. 1875.

eSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 96. 1894.

J Van Heur. Synop. pl. 9. f. 11. 1881.

g Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 231. pl. 5. f. 241. 1896.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 355

cula smithii (C. Ag.) Van Heur., and refers to his former figures. Undoubtedly the

figures given by Van Heurck are a Navicula, and undoubtedly all such forms should
be changed from Schizonema to Navicula. Were this, therefore, a justifiable identifi-
cation, N. smithii Breb. would have to give way to N. smithii (C. Ag.) Van Heur., as

~ Schizonema smithii C. Ag. was published in 1824.0 There are two early representa-

tions of S. smithii C. Ag.¢ In the earlier there is no mention of the markings of the
valve, the description being concerned with the shape of the gelatinous threads
inclosing the frustules, as is common in Kiitzing. The figures are too small to give
any clear idea of the valve. Enough, however, is evident to show that Kiitzing’s
idea of this species of Agardh is irreconcilable with that of William Smith. Smith’s
figure is clear and the description accurate, yet the author quotes Kiitzing’s entirely
discordant figure. Van Heurck’s figures are different from both the foregoing, and
he says@ of this form, ‘‘nec Kiitz., Smith, &c.,” and on figure 4 of the same plate he
refers both the figure in Kiitzing and that in Smith to S. ramosissimum C. Ag. De
Tonié recognizes Van Heurck’s idea of S. smithii C. Ag. to be correct, while Cleve /
makes it a synonym of Navicula avenacea Breb. I think there can be no doubt that
the S. smithii C. Ag. of Smith’s Synopsis is the same as S. ramosissimum C. Ag. as
that form is interpreted by Van Heurck, Cleve, and others. I could extend indefi-
nitely the recital of this muddle over S. smithii C. Ag. were it worth while. Enough
has been said to illustrate the fact I now wish to mention, namely, that in dealing with
members of the old genus Schizonema we are as a rule confronted with indefinable
names, impossible to include in our synonymy, if we wish to be at all accurate as to
facts. This arises from the custom in the earlier books of laying stress on the gelat-
inous envelope to the partial or complete neglect of the diatoms inclosed, so that the
species and in many cases the genus of the original form is absolutely obscured.
Here and there we find a case where a name, originally indefinable, becomes in subse-
quent works repeated and more clearly imaged, and grows to be widely accepted as
standing for a diatom of well-marked and generally understood characteristics. In
such cases it is perhaps well to refer to the original citation and include it in the synon-
ymy. But S. smith C. Ag. is an example of a host of forms with no such history.
Nobody knows what Agardh meant by his name. There is no agreement among the
various authors as to its structure. We can not even know that it was a Navicula.
To take what, practically speaking, is a nomen nudum, and transfer it to Navicula
on the basis of mere guesswork, thereby invalidating a long-established and thoroughly
understood name, is manifestly not justifiable, for it destroys a valid name for an inde-
finable one.

Found -at stations 2920H, 3696, 3712H, Hawaiian Islands, Honshu Island, and
Okhotsk Sea.

Navicula solaris Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 4: 43. pl. 5. f. 10. 1856. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 10. f. 10. 1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 46. f. 16.1876. Rabh. FI. Eur.
Alg. 1: 181. 1864. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. II. 2: 410. pl. 34. f. 13. 1875
(poor figure). Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 904. 1861. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 27%: 32. 1895. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 53. 1891.

Schmidt’s doubt of his figure, quoted above, being V. solaris was shown to be unnec-
essary by a complete frustule I found in the dredging at station 3607, in which one

a@Van Heur. Synop. pl. 15. f. 33. 1881; Treat. Diat, pl. 5. f. 241. 1896.

bC, Ag. Syst. Alg. 10. 1824. .

¢ Kittz. Bacill. 114. pl. 27. f. 5. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2:75. pl. 57.
f. 862. 1856.

dVan Heur. Synop. pl. 15. f. 83. 1881.

eSyll. Alg. 2: 293. 1891.

JSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27°: 15. 1895.

9 W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 75. 1856,

306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

valve corresponded exactly to his figure and the other showed the sun-like rays around
the center, referred to in the specific name. I find a minute error in focusing inten-
sifies this ‘‘solar” effect, which must be the method by which such greatly exag-
gerated representations as that by O'Meara were obtained.

Found at stations 3607, 3611, Bering Sea.

Navicula speciosa Mann, sp. nov. -Prare LIT, ricure 5.

Valve deeply constricted at the middle; the two halves broadest just beyond this
constriction; thence narrowing rapidly to the blunt, rounded apices; striae monil-
iform, except at the constriction, where they are fused into three ridges; beads large,
oval, the marginal ones double the length of the others; striae toward the middle of
the valve oblique to the raphe, but not curved, toward the apices becoming curved;
a single row of large beads on either side of the median line; ends of the raphe at the
center separated by a small hyaline round area, the central nodule.

Length of valve, 0.12 mm.; width of valve, 0.045 mm., and at the middle, 0.012 mm.

Type inthe U.S. National Museum, No. 590150, from station 2807, Galapagos Islands,
April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud.

Navicula spectabilis Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 481. pl. 9. f. 10.1857. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 178. 1864. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 2. f. 31, pl. 3. f. 20-21, 29. 1875.
Donk. Brit. Diat. 12. pl. 2. f. 5. 1871-73. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27%: 60.
1895. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 32. pl. 28. f. 9, 1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2:98. 1891. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 898. 1861. O’Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish
Acad. Il. 2: 390. 1875. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 202. pl. 27. f. 757. 1896 (not N.
spectabilis Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 533. pl. 1. f. 11. 1860).

Navicula excavata Grey. variety; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 3. f. 22-25. 1875 (not N. excavata

Grev.). Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 15. f. 22. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°:
8. pl. 2. f. 20. 1881 (not Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f. 46. 1881, according to Grun.).

Navicula mikado Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 23. f. 334. 1893.

Although the figures above cited of N. excavata Grey. variety are clearly synonyms
of this species, I do not think the original form of Greville’s diatom,@ nor the figure so
named by Grunow,? can safely be looked upon as the same. Beyond question N.
o’swaldii Jan.¢ is the same as Greville’s species, as Grunow points out.? But when
we compare any of these figures of N. excavata which are in harmony with the original
with the type of N. spectabilis as given by Gregory or in the superb figure by Donkin,
it is plainly too wide a stretch to cover both forms by one specific name. As Cleve
says, this species merges toward N. lyra Ehrenb., on the one hand, and N. hennedyi W.
Smith, on the other; but if it is to bea species at all and have any boundaries, it can
not include Greville’s diatom. Nor is Cleve correct in adding to the above synonymy
N. bullata Norm.¢4 and N. rattrayi Pant.e If we wish to see the result of this over con-
densation on the part of Cleve, we can not do better than compare figures 46 and 52 1n
plate 70 of Schmidt’s Atlas, both of which he ranges under N. spectabilis. Such a
“‘species” is out of all bounds and not worth retaining.

_ Found at stations 2807, 2920H, Galapagos and Hawaiian islands.

Navicula splendida Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 4: 44. pl. 5. f. 14. 1856. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 893. Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 85. pl. 1. f. 8-4;
pl .2. f. 2. 1874; Atlas pl. 13. f. 31-84. 1875; pl. 69. f. 22. 1881. Van. Heur. Synop.

aTrans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 14: 130. pl. 12. f. 15. 1866.

b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f. 46. 1881.

¢Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f. 46.1881. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 15. f. 12. Pant.
Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 52. pl. 25. f. 370. 1889.

dCastr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 29. pl. 28. f. 10. 1886. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 70. f.
51-52. 1881.

¢ Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 52. pl. 30. f. 427. 1889,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 357

pl. 9. f. 4. 1881; Treat. Diat. 193. pl. 26. f. 729. 1896. O'Meara, Proc. Roy. Irish
Acad. II. 2: 402. pl. 33.f. 30 (poor). 1875. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 80. 1891.
Navicula entomon Ehrenb. err. det. Donk. Brit. Diat. 49. pl. 7. f. 5. 1871-73.
Navicula didyma Ehrenb. err. det. Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 4: 45. pl. 5.
f. 16 (not f. 15). 1856.
Navicula gemmatula Grun. err. det. Cleve, Journ. Quek. Mier. Club IT. 2: 167. pl.
12. f. 1. 1885.

Diploneis splendida Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 87. 1894.

Donkin’s placing this species under N. entomon Ehrenb. is not to be favored, as his
figure is clearly a N. splendida. It is difficult to determine what N. entomon is, as
Ehrenberg’s figures@ are not remotely alike; but certainly they can not be united
with the above species. Rabenhorst ® erroneously includes here NV. incurvata Greg.,
an arrangement accepted by De Toni.¢ Cleve holds them separate, and also groups
here quite a number of species that I do not consider synonymous. There is, how-
ever, one in his list,¢ namely N. diplosticta Grun.é which is close to this species, per-
haps too close.f A specimen from station 3604 is unusually small and with very deli-
cate beading, but built on the general plan of this species. See also remarks under
N. omaruensis (Cleve) Mann Ehrenb. in this report.

Found at stations 2920H, 3008H, 3603, 3604, Hawaiian Islands and Bering Sea.
Navicula spuma Mann, sp. nov. PuaTeE LII, Ficure 7.

Valve broadly elliptical, tapering by even curve to the rounded, somewhat produced
apices; raphe perfectly straight, on either side of it a very narrow hyaline space,
expanded at the center into a large circular hyaline area one-half the width of the
valve; markings a fine shagreen, this near the margin all around the valve broken
up into a row of foam-like flakes; margin delicately beaded. .

Length of valve, 0.075 mm.; width of valve, 0.030 mm.

The general aspect of this diatom is that of a Mastogloia, but it entirely lacks the
internal marginal plates or septa characteristic of that genus.

Type in the U. S. National Museum, No. 590151, from station 4029H, Bering Sea,
June 27, 1900; 913 fathoms, bottom of grey sand and clay.

Navicula subacuta (Ehrenb.) Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 908.1861. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 43. f. 31-33. 1876. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 192.
Pinnularia subacuta Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 35A, VI. f. 12. 1854.
Pinnularia major Cleve. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27°: 89. 1895, not Navicula major
Kiitz. Bacill. 97. pl. 4. f. 19, 21. 1844.

Some of my specimens approach one of Schmidt’s unnamed figures,g and therefore
somewhat resemble Schmidt’s figure of N. formosa Greg.,” though this present species
and N. formosa are clearly distinct. Cleve’s‘union of N. subacuta with N. major
Kitz. is not wise. See under that species in this report.

Found at station 4029 H, Bering Sea.

Navicula subcincta Schmidt, Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: 87. pl. 2. f. 7. 1874.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 13. f. 41. 1875.
Navicula succincta Schmidt, Atlas pl. 69. f. 32. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 76.
1891.
Diploneis subcincta Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 86. 1894.

a Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: pl. 1. I. f. 8-4. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 19. f. 30. 1854.
b Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 204. 1864.

¢ De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 81. 1891.

@d Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 87-88. 1894.

e Schmidt, Atlas pl. 13. f. 25-30. 1875.

/ Ci. also Schmidt, Atlas pl. 69. f. 22. 1881; pl. 174. f. 10. 1892,

g Schmidt, Atlas pl. 43. f. 29. 1876.

h Schmidt, Atlas pl. 50. f. 12. 1877,

358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

This is probably distinct from N. didyma (Ehrenb.) Kiitz., though it closely ap-
proaches Donkin’s figure of that species.¢ I look upon this resemblance as much
more striking than that between the present species and N. didyma (Ehrenb.) Kiitz.,®
as suggested by Grunow.¢ Grunow’s own figures of this species are a quite different
thing, and agree more closely with the diatom I have named N. pinguis; see under
this for fuller discussion. O’Mearad is careless in calling this N. subcivita on his
plate, and his figure is inexcusably bad.

Found at station 3008H, Hawaiian Islands.

Navicula undata Mann. sp. nov. Puate LIII, rieure 1.

Valve an elongated ellipse, with blunt apices, the sides scarcely curved until about
half way between the center and the ends, thence the curvature more pronounced for
a short distance, and finally the sides nearly straight to the broad and blunt apices;
markings of coarse beading of the N. aspera type, but the beads round, not oval,
arranged in oblique moniliform striae, the beads of which are so spaced as to give a
marked wavy appearance to the valve; raphe obscurely beaded, especially toward the
center, there each half slightly bent toward the same side of the valve; a broad
median area on either side the raphe, extended at the center as a large stauros run-
ning from one side of the valve to the other; terminations of the raphe at the extreme
apices of the valve surrounded by large hyaline circular areas, reaching over the
curve of the apices to the border.

Length of valve, 0.080 mm; width of valve, 0.019 mm. Striae, 17 in 0.01 mm.

This very minute but robust diatom belongs to the N. aspera group, except for its
coarse beads being round and its central hyaline band extending from one side to the
other, like the stauros of the Stauroneis type. It is in marked contrast with any
known form, the nearest species being N. macraeana Pant.,¢ which differs greatly
in its apices, its delicate beading, its stauros, its raphe, etc.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590152, from station 3571H, Bering Sea,
July 6, 1895; 696 fathoms, bottom of green mud and ooze.

Navicula vagabunda Brun; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 174. f. 5. 1892.

Diploneis vagabunda Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 103. pl. 2. f. 13, 15. 1894.

This diatom is suggestively near that variety of V. crabro (Ehrenb.) Kiitz., known
as N. pandura Breb.

Found at station 2808, Galapagos Islands.

Navicula vidovichii Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 150. pl. 13. f. 4. 1863.
Piate LI, ricure 3.
Navicula egyptica Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n.s. 14: 127. pl. 12. f. 16-17. 1886.
Moeb. Diat-taf. pl. 75. f. 16-17. 1890.
Navicula bartholomei Cleve; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 160. f. 9.1890, not Cleve, Bih. Sv.
Vet. Akad. Handl. 5°: 6. pl. 1. f. 5. 1878.
Navicula sectilis Schmidt; Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 55. pl. 8. f. 152. 1889?. -

The above combination represents a clear and satisfactory specific concept. WN.
egyptica is exactly the same as N. vidovichii; ‘the variety called by Schmidt N.
bartholomer Cleve variety, differs merely in being more constricted at the center of
the valve, and the variety called by Pantocsek N. sectilis boryana differs merely
in being less constricted at the center of the valve. To add to these other species less
clearly related, though similar, as Cleve/ and De Tonig have done, is to lose all boun-

a4 Donk. Brit. Diat. pl. 7. f. 8b. 1871-73.

b Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 3'%: pl. 1. f. 4. 1876.

¢ Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48*: 56. 1884.

@ Proc. Roy. Irish Akad. I]. 2: 398. pl. 33. f. 22. 1875.
€ Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 52. pl. 8. f. 155. 1889.

/ Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 63. 1894.

g De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 174. 1891.

— rt‘; 23S:
.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 5359

daries of the species, and, what is worse, to find no halting place whatever. Both the
the authors mentioned place this species under N. powellii Lewis; @ to which combina-
tion is added by Cleve N. bartholomei Cleve. The resemblance between this species
and N. powelli is slight. Why not then add the more nearly related N. mirabilis
Leud.-Fort.,¢ N. intercedins Schmidt, @ N. amica Cleve & Grun.,é and soon ad libitum?
This general type of Navicula has a vast number of related forms, and we must draw
the line rather strictly around a given species or have no line to draw. For this reason
I do not favor making the above a variety of N. powellii. I have figured the variety
found by me, as it presents the interesting phase of having the marginal as well
as the internal rows of costae interrupted at the center, thus making a stauros-like
transverse band from side to side.

Length of (perfect) valve, 0.160 mm.; width of valve, 0.033 mm. Striae, 50 in
0.1 mm.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

Navicula viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. Infus. 182. pl. 13. f. 16 (in part), pl. 21. f. 12.
1838.

Bacillaria viridis Nitzsch, Neue Schrift. Naturf. Ges. Halle 3:97. pl. 4. f. 1-3. 1817.

Frustulia viridis Kitz. Linnaea 8: 551. Syn. Diat. 1833.

Navicula viridula Ehrenb. Infus. 183. pl. 13. f. 17 (not pl. 21. f. 14). 1838, not Kiitz.

Pinnularia viridis Ehrenb. in part; Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: pl. 3. I. f.

—2 (not pl. 1. I. f. 7. IT. f. 8. IV. f. 8), 1843. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1
54. pl. 18. f. 1634 (not f. 163a—b). 1853. Rabh.; Brun. Diat. Alp. 83. pl. 8. f. 5
(not f. 4.) 1880. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 273: 91. 1895.

Navicula v ape Kiitz. Bacill. 97. pl. 4. f. 18, pl. 30. f. 12. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 907. pl. 9. f. 183-136(poor). 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 42. f. 11-14, 19-21.
1876. Van Heur. Synop. 73. pl. 5. f. 5 (not f. 6). 1881; Treat. Diat. 165. pl. 2
Pago (mousy. 71). 1896. De. Toni, Syll.. Ale. 2: 11. 1891: Eng. & Pr.
Pflanzenfam. Bacill. 1!»: 43. f. 55C—D. 1896.

Navicula leptogongyla Ehrenb.(?); Schmidt, Atlas pl. 45. f. 26-28. eho

Navicula commutata Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 45. f. 35-37 (not f. 22-25). 1876.

Navicula (Pinnularia) rupestris Hantzsch; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 45. f. puie (f. 38-
40, 442). 1876.

Navicula decumana Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 35. f. 499. 1893.

This very variable diatom might well be subdivided into several species were it
not that the intergradations are so close that no definition of their differences can be
made. It approaches another large and variable species, N. major Kiitz., so that cer-
tain forms are about as well referred to one of these as the other.

Found at station 2691H, Okhotsk Sea.

FRUSTULIA C. Ag. char. emend.

Frustulia ©. Ag. in part; Syst. Alg. 13. 1824; char. emend. Ag. Consp. Diat. 43.
1832. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 20, 227. f. 64. Ehrenb. Infus. 231. 1838. Grun.
Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 573. 1860. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 276. 1891.
Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 121. 1894.

Van Heurckia Breb. Ann. Soc. Phyt. et Micr. Belg. 201. 1868. Van Heur. Synop.
112. 2s 17. f. 1-2. 1881; Treat. Diat. 239. i 39. 1896.

@ Proc. ery Phila. 1861: 65. Die. $2 1862.

6 Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5*: 6. pl. ce 5. 1878.

¢Mem. Soc. Emul. St: Brieuc 31. pl. 2. f. 21. 1879. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 160. f. 6-8.
1890.

ad Op. cit. pl. 160. f. 3-5.

eSv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 18°: 12. pl. 3. f. 37. 1881.

31713—VoL 10, pr 5—O7——10

360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Brebissonia Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 512. 1860. O'Meara, Proce.
Roy. Irish Acad. IT. 2: 388 (not fig.). 1875. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 244. f. 44.
1896.

Colletonema Breb. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 70. pl. 56. f. 351. 1856.

Cocconema Ehrenb. in part; Ralfs in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 878. pl. 7. f. 48a-b.
1861.

Doryphora (Kiitz.) W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 77. pl. 24. f. 228. 1853, in part.

Schizonema ©. Ag. in part, Thwaites, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11. 1: 170. pl. 12. f. H.
1848. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 17. f. 3, 6. 1881.

Berkeleya Grey., in part; Scott. Crypt. Fl. 1: 294. 1823, Ralfs, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. 16: 110. pl. 8. f. 2. 1845. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 245. f. 46. 1896.

Amphipleura Kiitz. Bacill. 103. pl. 3. f. 52. 1844, in part. Van Heur. Synop. 113.
pl. 17. f. 14-15. 1881. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 26*: 125. 1894. Van Heur.
Treat. Diat. 242. f. 42. 1896.

Reicheltia Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 243. f. 43. 1896 (?). :

Navicula Bory, in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 46. pl. 16. fi 129. 1853.
Kiitz. Bacill. 94. pl. 28. f. 45, pl. 30. f. 44. 1844. Donk. Brit. Diat. 42. pl. 6. f.
11-12. 1872.

The separation of the avove genera, in whole or in part, from the true Navicula
diatoms is generally felt by students to be necessary. Although they have a navicu-
loid outline and possess valves that are alike and that bear a raphe divided at the center,
they possess severa. characteristics found in no other naviculoid diatoms. The chief
characteristic is the elevated, ridge-like border of silica that surrounds the two halves
of the raphe, partly or completely inclosing them and, by its longitudinal extension
at the center of the valve (where it represents the central nodule), separating the two
halves of the raphe farther and farther, until in Amphipleura and Reicheltia the
greater length of the valve is traversed by this ridge and the two halves of the raphe
are near the apices. It is on the basis of the gradual extension of this ridge and the
consequent progressive separation of the two halves of the raphe that I have here
combined these forms into one genus, as it appears to me there is no distinction between
the genera above enumerated except this variable one. Viewed from this stand-
point the series would be as follows: (1) Frustulia (=Van Heurckia), where the central
extension of the ridge is short and the two halves of the raphe traverse nearly the
whole length of the valve; (2) Brebissonia (synonymous with Doryphora), where the
central extension of the ridge is greater; (3) Berkeleya, where the central extension
of the ridge is one-sixth to one-fourth the length of the valve and the two halves of
the raphe are correspondingly reduced; (4) Amphipleura and Reicheltia, in which the
central extension of the ridge is extreme and the two halves of the raphe very short
and near the apices. It seems to me simplicity is gained by this union, since one
member of the series runs into another, and especially since they are otherwise greatly
alike, being characterized by great delicacy of structure with transverse beaded
striae of extreme fineness covering the entire valve, except the ridge. Reicheltia is
the most aberrant of this group, its striae being large, though very finely punctate,
and the beaded terminations of the divisions of the raphe being peculiar.@ Still it is
so manifestly a unique species of Amphipleura that it is difficult to separate it.

Pfitzer > brings out the interesting fact that the above differ strikingly from
Navicula in internal structure, in the process of fission, and in that of conjugation.

Frustulia rhomboides (Ehrenb.) De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 277. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 26*: 122. 1894.
Navicula rhomboides Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 419. pl. 3. I. f.

a(Cf{. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 243. f. 43. 1896.
b Hanst. Bot. Abhandl. 2: 1.871.

15. 1843? Kitz. Bacill. 94. pl. 28. f. 45, pl. 30. f. 44. 18442 W. Smith,

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 361

Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 46. pl. 16. f. 129. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 171. 1864.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 903. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12:
549. pl. 3. f. 14a-b. 1860? Schum. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien Suppl. 17: 68
(not pl. 3. f. 41). 1867. Donk. Brit. Diat. 42. pl. 6. f. 11. 1842. Lewis, Proc.
Acad. Phila. 1865: 10. pl. 2. f. 10-11. 1865. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 177: 47. pl. 8. f. 59. 1880.

Colletonema viridulum Breb.; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 105. 1849. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat.
Typ. no. 88. 1874. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 926. 1861.

Navicula crassinervia Breb.; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 47. pl. 37. f. 277. 1853.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 900. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 548.
pl. 3. f. 12.1860. Donk. Brit. Diat. 42. pl. 6. f. 12.1872. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat.
Typ. no. 313. 1874.

Frustulia torfacea A. Braun in Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 50. pl. 7. f. 2. 1853.

Frustulia saxonica Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 227. 1864. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed.
8. 323. pl. 14. f. 17. 1875. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 172. 1874. Rabh.
Sussw. Diat..50. pl. 7. f. 7. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 924. 1861. Pfitz. in
Hanst. Bot. Abhandl. 2: 58. pl. 4. f. 4-8. 1871.

Schizonema viridulum Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 266. 1864.

Vanheurckia rhomboides Breb. Ann. Soc. Phyt. et Micr. Belg. 204. 1868. Van Heur.
Synop. 112. pl. 17. f. 1-2. 1881; Treat. Diat. 240. pl. 5. f. 249-250. Truan, Anal.
Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 352. pl. 8. f. 1. 1884.

Vanheurckia crassinervia Breb. Ann. Soc. Phyt. et Micr. Belg. 204. 1868. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 17. f. 4-5. 1881. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 352.
~pl. 8. f. 2. 1884.

Vanheurckia viridula Breb. Ann. Soc. Phyt. et Micr. Belg. 203. 1868. Van Heur.
Synop. 112. pl. 17. f. 3. 1881.

Frustulia viridula De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 278. 1891.

I have worked out the above extensive synonymy because this diatom is very
widely distributed and has been included in the older as well as the more recent
diatom literature under so many names that the nomenclature is very confusing.
In one or two instances I have left out supposed synonyms, because their exact appli-
cation is impossible to determine. Thus Navicula lineolata Ehrenb.@ is included by
Cleve » in the above, though upon what basis I can not determine. The figures and
descriptions of Ehrenberg convey no image sufficiently exact to determine even if it
belongs to this genus, much less if to this species. In fact, De Toni includes it, and
with as much reason, under Navicula serians (Breb.) Kiitz.¢ Many of Ehrenberg’s
figures are quite unlike the others. The same is true to some extent of the original
Navicula rhomboides Ehrenb., from which the above specific name is derived; and I
would not hesitate to pass over this authority, were it not for the fact that this particu-
lar name has been so constantly repeated by succeeding authors with better figures
and descriptions that it is pretty certain this particular diatom is meant in each
instance. As these diatoms, though sometimes free, are generally inclosed in gelatin-
ous tubes or masses, the older observers gave especial attention to this transient con-
dition; and in many cases we have elaborate descriptions of the appearance of these
forms in bulk, without a word on the sculpture or build of the frustules; and where
figures of the original plants are attempted they are likely to be so minute as to be
worthless. Cleve has repeatedly stated his inability to identify some of these earlier
figures and descriptions.

Found at station 2885, off Oregon.

a Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 418. pl. 1, I. f. 4a, pl. 2. VI. f. 27, pl. 4. I. f. 6.
1843; Mikrog. pl. 16. J. f. 3, II. f. 1-2. 1854.

bSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 122. 1894,

*De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 141. 1891.

362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

GYROSIGMA Hass.

Gyrosigma Hass. Hist. Brit. Algae 1: 435, pl. 102. f. 11. 1845. Rabh. Sussw. Diat.
47. 1853. Cleve, char. emend. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 112. 1894,

Pleurosigma W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. pl. 1-2. 1852. Synop. Brit. Diat.
1: 61. pl. 20-22. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 230. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed.
4. 915. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 555. 1860. Cleve & Grun.
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17*: 48. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 114. pl. 18-21. 1881;
Treat. Diat. 249. pl. 6-7. 28. 1896. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 1-35. pl. 1-10.
1891. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 36. 1886. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed.
4. 606. pl. 15. 1883. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 231. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 26°: 112. 1894.

Frustulia ©. Ag. in part; Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 555 (nos. 49-50). pl. 14. f. 35-86. 1833.

Navicula Bory, in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 180-181 (nos. 226-230). pl. 13. f. 10-14.
1838. Kiitz. Bacill. 102 (mo. 132). pl. 4. f. 82. 1844.

Toxonidea Donk. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 6: 19. pl. 4. f. 1-2. 1858. Cleve, Sy.
Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 45. 1894. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 247. 1896. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 920. 1861. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°: 27. pl. 9. 1891.

Donkinia Rallis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 920. pl. 8. f. 49.1861. Van Heur. Treat.
Diat. 248. 1896. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 29. pl. 9. 1891.

Rhoicosigma Grun. Hedwigia 6: 10. 1867. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 260. 1896.
Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 30. pl. 9-10.

This genus of diatoms is one of the best defined and most sharply separated of the
large genera. Its valves are more or less sigmoid, both as to their outline and in respect
to the trend of the raphe. They are evenly marked with delicate striations of great
beauty and often of extreme delicacy, either in two directions, transverse and longi-
tudinal, or in three directions, one transverse and two oblique, the three being at
angles approximately of 60° to each other. This striation covers the entire valve
with a gauzy network, except a very narrow longitudinal space through which runs
the raphe and a minute area around the central nodule. The valves are as a
rule convex, thin, made up of two or three layers, and therefore strongly prismatic.
The zonal view is in most cases extremely narrow compared to the valval view. Their
beauty, wide distribution, and importance as tests of the efficiency of microscope
objectives have resulted in their being more generally known and carefully studied
than most other genera.

William Smith’s generic name, Pleurosigma, is very appropriate and has been uni-
versalky accepted in preference to the earlier one of Hassall. But there can be no
question of the validity of Gyrosigma. We find it in his British Algae as a mono-
typic genus, based on G. hippocampa (Ehrenb.) Hass., the description and illustration
of which are unmistakable. Hassall also quotes Ehrenberg’s excellent reference to
this diatom,@ as Navicula hippocampus Ehrenb. The reasons advanced by Brebisson,
Ralfs, and others, for preferring Smith’s name are wholly inadequate; and although
we are indebted to Smith for a most clear and comprehensive analysis of this genus
it is necessary to recognize the right of Hassall’s name to represent these diatoms.

Several attempts have been made to create new genera out of certain species of
Gyrosigma having more or less striking peculiarities. The first was the separation
of all species having an arcuate instead of sigmoid raphe, with valves extremely con-
vex on one side and nearly straight on the other (i. e., strongly asymmetrical on their
longitudinal axis). These were placed in a genus, Toxonidia, by Donkin.®> The
next separation was by Ralfs of valves with extremely sigmoid raphe, the ridge of the —
raphe being raised into a keel above the rest of the valve, except at the central nodule.

a Ehrenb. Infus. 180. pl. 73. f. 11. 1838.
» Donk. Trans. Mier. Soc. Lond. n. s. 6: 19. pl. 3. f. 1, 1858. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 18,

f. 1. 1890. |

)

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 363

These he called Donkinia.¢ The third genus to be separated was Rhoicosigma
by Grunow,? including all species with strongly bent frustules (seen in zonal view)
and with valves sometimes, though not always, dissimilar. These distinctions have
been accepted by Van Heurck, Peragallo, and De Toni. Cleve rejects them, except
Toxonidea, and accepts this, as he admits, on dubious grounds. I think nothing is
gained by breaking up the generic unity of this sharply marked genus. The char-
acteristics, as Cleve points out,¢ are variable in each of the above cases. For sub-
generic division they can be, at least at present, made use of; but beyond this they
only increase the difficulty of assigning diatoms that have the clear Gyrosigma quali-
ties.

Cleve has, however, gone further than others toward obliterating the worth of this
genus by dividing it into two genera on the sole basis of the direction of the striation.
He includes all forms with transverse-longitudinal striae in Gyrosigma (Hass.) Cleve,
and the others, with striae in three directions (excepting Foxonidea) in Pleurosigma
(W. Smith) Cleve. It is probably true, as he says, that there are no transitional
forms between these two kinds; indeed, it would not be easy to conceive how there
could be, for lines in two directions could hardly change to lines in three directions
without assuming new angles, and only one of the three lines could possibly remain
in the original direction of one of the two lines; and this is just what we find, both
the two-line and three-line forms having one of the lines transverse. The lack of
transition is, therefore, to my mind an empty argument. If, now, we look at the
striking forms, called by Ralfs Donkinia, a genus rejected by Cleve, we find species
of both two-line and three-line sculpture that are far too close to put into separate
genera, on any reasonable interpretation of a genus; thus D. recta (Donk.) Grun.
and D. carinata (Donk.) Ralfs.¢ Whoever also compares such two-line forms as G.
(Pleurosigma) littorale (W. Smith) Griff. & Henf. and G. (Pleurosigma) acuminatum
(Kiitz.) Grun. with such three-line forms as G. (Pleurosigma) latum Grun. and G.
(Pleurosigma) affine Grun. must see that it is artificial to place them in two genera.
I do not therefore look upon Cleve’s division of this genus as having the merit of the
earlier ones.

Gyrosigma aestuarii (Breb.) Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 356. pl. 11. f. 35. 1875.

Navicula aestuarti Breb.; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 890. 1849.

Pleurosigma aestuarii W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 65. pl. 31. f. 275. 1853. Cleve
& Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 52. 1880. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°: 12.
pl. 5. f. 12-13, 15. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 42. 1894. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 916. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 234. 1864. Griff. & Henf.
Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 15. f. 35 (f. 33c?). 1875. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 18. f. 8. 1881.
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 394. 1874 (not Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. 1":
13. pl. 2. f. 19. 1873—=P. normanii Ralfs).

Pleurosigma angulatum W. Smith, variety; Van Heur. Synop. 115. 1881; Treat.
Diat. 251. pl. 6. f. 258. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 232. 1891.

Pleurosigma candidum Schum. Schrift. Phys. Okon. Ges. Konigsb. 8: 59. pl. 2. f.
57. 1867. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°: 12. pl. 5. f. 11. 1891.

The desire of H. L. Smith, Van Heurck, and De Toni to make this a variety of
P. angulatum W. Smith is not to be commended. Though smaller than the latter,
the markings are decidedly coarser, the ends narrower and less gracefully tapered,
and in the type form slightly but sharply bent sidewise.

Found at station 2823, Gulf of California.

@ Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 921. pl. 8. f. 49. 1861.

bSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 58.1880. Le Diatomiste 1**: 33. pl. 10. f. 2-3. 1891.

eSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 32, 112. 1894.

@d Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 6: pl. 3. f. 5, 6. 1858. Le Diatomiste 1*°: pl. 9. /.
6, 8. 1891.

364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Gyrosigma formosum (W. Smith) Griff. & Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 3. 355. pl. 17. f. 25.
1875, .

Pleurosigma formosum W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat.. Hist. II. 9: 5. pl. 7. f. 1-2. 1852;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 63. pl. 20. f. 195. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 231. 1864. |
Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17*: 48. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 116. pl. |
19. f. 4. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 402. 1874. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
917. pl. 8. f. 32. 1861. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 11. f. 25. 1875. Cleve,
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 45. pl. 4. f. 21. 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 243.
1891. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 4. pl. 7. f. 1-6. 1891. Van Heur. Treat. Diat.
254. pl. 6. f. 268. 1896.

Pleurosigma decorum W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 63. pl. 27. f. 196. 1853. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4.918. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 232. 1864. H. L. Smith, Sp.
Diat. Typ. no. 694. 1874. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 497, 506. 1883. |
Van Heur. Synop. 116. pl. 19. f. 7. 1881. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 5, pl. 1. f. |
9-13 (pl. 2. f. 6-9 doubtful). 1891. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 254. pl. 6. f. 269. 1896.

Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 11. f. 26.1875. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 243. 1891.

Pleurosigma australicum Witt, Journ. Mus. Godef. 1: 70. pl. 8. f. 7. 1873. De Toni, |
Syll. Alg. 2: 246. 1891.

Pleurosigma tahitiense Witt, Journ. Mus. Godef. 1: 67. pl. 8. f. 18. 1873. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 245. 1891 (not P. tahitiense Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 38. pl. 28.
f. 4. 1886).

Pleurosigma pulchrum Grun.; H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 695. 1874 (not P.
pulchrum Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 556. pl. 4. f. 2. 1860; not Perag.
Le Diatomiste 1*°: 4. pl. 1. f. 81. 1891.).

The Grunow variety longissima, as figured by Peragallo,¢ occurs at station 2848 and
an unusually large and robust variety at station 3603; also the P. decorum variety at |
station 3712H.

Found at stations 2848, 2929, 3603, 3691H, 3712H, Okhotsk and Bering seas to
southern California.

Gyrosigma inermedium (W. Smith) Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 356. pl. 11.f. 86.
1875.

Pleurosigma intermedium W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 64. pl. 21. f. 200. 1853.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 918. 1861. Van Heur. Synop. 116. pl. 18. f. 6. 1881.
Treat. Diat. 253. pl. 6. f. 267. 1896. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 405. 1874.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 235. 1891. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1°: 13. pl. 5. f. 27-28
(f. 29 doubtful). 1891. Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 52. 1880. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 234. 1864 (not Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 49. pl. 9.
f. 2. 1884).

Pleurosigma nubecula W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 64. pl. 21. f. 201. 1853. Cleve,
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 34. 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 235. 1891. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 232. 1864. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 14. pl. 5. f. 26. 1891.

Pleurosigma thumivi Castr.; Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°: 14. pl. 5. f. 25. 1891.

Pleurosigma subrectum Cleve in Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 14, 53.
pl. 3. f. 72. 1880. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 14. pl. 5. f. 30. 1891.

Pleurosiqma elongatum balaericum Perag. Le Diatomiste 1:7. pl. 2. f. 22. 1891.

-_ —_— EEE =

Cleve agrees to the practical identity of P. intermedium and P. nubecula, as do Van
Heurck and Peragallo, but for some reason he has selected the less known name nube-
cula, occurring after intermedium in Smith’s work, instead of intermedium.

Found at station 3091, off Oregon.

Gyrosigma normanii (Ralfs) Mann.
Pleurosigma normanii Ralis; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 919. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur.
Alg. 1: 236. 1864. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17°: 14, 52. pl. 3. f. 67.

a Loc. cit.

——— eee

ES —— SS ec rl rT SS

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 365

1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 237. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 40.
1894. :

Pleurosigma affine Grun.; Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 177: 51. 1880. Van
Heur. Synop. 115. pl. 18. f. 9. 1881; Treat. Diat. 252. pl. 6. f. 263 (not f. 264).
1896. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°; 9. pl. 4. f. 5-8, 15-18 (not f. 4; f. 1-3 doubtful).
1891.

Pleurosigma virginicum H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 416. 1874.

Van Heurck places here P. nicobaricum Grun.,@ probably basing it on Grunow’s P.

affine nicobarica.6 1 doubt the wisdom of calling this a variety of P. affine.
Certainly Grunow’s type in the above citation and in Peragallo’s Monograph¢ should
not be forced into this species. As Cleve points out, it is nearer to P. validum Shadb.

Found at stations 2844, 3607, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea.

Gyrosigma rigidum (W. Smith) Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3.356. pl. 11. f. 30. 1875.

Pleurosigma rigidum W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 64. pl. 20. f. 198. 1853. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 918. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 232. 1864. H. L. Smith, Sp.
Diat. Typ. no. 410. 1874. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 19. f. 3. 1881; Treat. Diat. 251.
pl. 6. f. 265. 1896. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 49. pl. 9. f. 4. 1884.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 237. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 267: 39. 1894.
Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°: 14. pl. 6. f. 2-7. 1891. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed.
4. pl. 15. f. 30. 1883.

Pleurosigma validum Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 16. pl. 1. f. 8. 1854.
Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 53. 1880. De Tomi, Syll. Alg. 2: 245.
1891.

Pleurosigma giganteum Grun.; Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 53. 1880
(not P. gigantewm Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 558. pl. 4. f. 1. 1860).

In the last name there is a confusion on the part of the author, which is repeated
in several other works. The original P. giganteuwm is not only plainly drawn as a
transverse-longitudinal striated species, but is so described, the ambiguous sentence
‘‘lineolis decussatis subtillimis” not necessarily meaning oblique lined, as any line
at right angles to another is strictly ‘‘decussating.’’ In the case of oblique striation
Grunow in that work uses such expressions as ‘‘in lineas obliquas.’’ Moreover, he
expressly says of P. gigantewm, ‘‘Am nachsten steht ihm das folgende Pleurosigma
tropicum, welches jedoch durch kleinere Gestalt und stirkere Biegung wesentlich
verschieden ist.’’ This diatom is also figured and described with transverse-longitu-
dinal striz and is universally recognized as having that character. Yet Grunow in
his later works@ unites P. gigantewm to P. validum Shadb., and says of his own species,
“Pl. giganteum hat 18 schiefe und 17 Querstreifen,’’ and it is so figured by Peragallo
and others.

At station 2807 occurs a small and delicate variety agreeing with a figureé which
Peragallo erroneously speaks of as typical.

Found at stations 2807, 3520, Galapagos Islands and Bering Sea.

Gyrosigma sagitta (Temp. & Brun) Mann.
Pleurosigma sagitta Temp. & Brun, Mem. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Geneva 30°: 49.
pl. 9. f. 19. 1889. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 242. 1891.

There is reasonable doubt of this being a synonym of P. nicobaricum Grun.,/ with
which it is united by Cleve and others. It not only lacks the double-rowed transverse

a Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 101. pl. 14. f. 20. 1870.

bVan Heur. Synop. 115; Suppl. pl. C. f. 34. 1881-5. Cf. Van Heur. Treat. Diat.
252. pl. 6. f. 264. 1896. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1*°*: pl. 4. f. 10-12. 1891.

¢ Perag. op. cit. pl. 4. f. 9.

dSy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17%: 53. 1880.

e Le Diatomiste 1*°: pl. 6. f. 6. 1891.

J Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 101. pl. 1A. f. 20. 1870.

366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

markings of the latter (though these Grunow admits are inconstant) but it does not
show transverse lines wider and heavier than the oblique, but the three sets about
equal and growing finer toward the apices. Nor is there any trace of a rectangular,
finely punctate central area. It must be said, however, that both these are close to
minute forms of G. rigidum. I have with some doubt left it, as De Toni does, as a
separate species,
Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.
Gyrosigma speciosum (W. Smith) Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. 356. pl. 11. f. 28.
1875.
Pleurosigma speciosum W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IT. 9: 6. pl. 1. f. 8. 1852;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 63. pl. 20. f. 197. 1853. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 262:
44. 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 236. 1891. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 917. 1861.
Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 232. 1864. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. pl. 15. f. 28.
1883. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 253. pl. 28. f. 793. 1896. Cleve. & Grun. Sy. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 17°: 49. 1880. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 37. pl. 28. f. 2. 1886.
Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 6. pl. 2. f. 13-19 (not f. 10, 12; f. 11 doubtful). 1891.
Pleurosigma pulchrum Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 19:°556. pl. 4. f. 2. 1869.
Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**: 4. pl. 1. f. 8 (doubtful). 1891 (not P. pulchrum Grun.;
H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 695. 1874=G. formosum).

There is a fine gradation over from this species to G. formosum, though the two are
to be viewed as safely distinct. Thus H. L. Smith’s P. pulchrum is close to G. for-
mosum and is best classed there. The real P. pulchrum Grun., on the other hand, isa
variety of the present species and yet is reasonably close to Smith’s form. I do not
favor placing here, as is done by Cleve, P. tortuosum Cleve;@ a diatom of the extreme
Donkinia type; nor the inclusion suggested by Peragallo, of P. tahitiense Castr.

Found at station 3607, Bering Sea.

Gyrosigma thuringicum (Kiitz.) Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 47. pl. 5. f. 4. 1853.

Navicula thuringica Kitz. Bacill. 102. pl. 4. f. 27. 1844.

Navicula angulata Quek. Treat. Micr. 438. pl. 8. f. 4-7. 1848.

Pleurosigma angulatum W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 9: 7. pl. 1. f.
7-9. 1852; Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 65. pl. 21. f. 205. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1:
234. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 918. 1861. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no.
389-391. 1874. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 51. 1880. Van
Heur. Synop. 115. pl. 18. f. 2-5. 1881-85; Treat. Diat. 351. pl. 6. f. 257, 259-260
(not f. 258, 261). 1896. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 18: 48. pl. 9. f. 1.
1884. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 607. pl. 15. f 33. 1883. Perag. Le
Diatomiste 1**: 11. pl. 5. f. 3-6. 1891. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 231. 1891.
Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 40. 1894.

Pleurosigma thuringicum Ralfs; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. “ 919. 1861.

Pleurosigma quadratum W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 65. pl. 20. f. 204, 204B.
1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 235. 1864. Pritch. oie Infus. ed. 4. 918. 1861.
Griff. & Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 4. pl. 15. f. 34. 1883. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan.
Hist. Nat. 13: 45. pl. 9. f. 3. 1884. Perag. Le Diatomiste 14°: 11. pl. 5. f. 7-8.
1891. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 18. f. 1.

That this diatom, known almost universally as Pleurosigma anqulatum W. Smith, is
identical with Kiitzing’s Navicula thuringica there can be no doubt. Although he
ofits all data regarding the striation, this is not surprising, as he usually calls most
diatoms with as delicate markings as this one “laevis” or “ laevissimus,”’ as he does
here. Its build is most characteristic. Rabenhorst, Ralfs, Grunow, Van Heurck,
De Toni, and in fact nearly every author recognizes the identity of the two. De Toni

aSy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°: 5. pl. 1. f. 6. 1881.
6 Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 38. pl. 23. f. 4. 1886. Perag. Le Diatomiste 1**:
pl. 2. f. 10. 1891.

|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 367

makes N. thuringica Kitz. asynonym of P. angulatum (Quek.) W. Smith, butsaysafter

the former, ‘Nomen anterius!!’’ Grunow @ gives the following important testimony:

“ Navicula thuringica Kg. ist nach Exemplaren von Arten im Kiitzing’schen Herbar.
identisch mit Pl. angulatum, so dass die Art eigentlich PJ. thuringicum heissen sollte.”’
Van Heurck, after quoting N. thuringica Kiitz. as a synonym of P. angulatum and
following it with an exclamation point, adds this statement; ‘Cette espéce devrait
done porter le nom de Pl. thuringica, ce changement de nom est cependant impos-
sible, car cette diatomée si repandue et si employée comme test, est universellement
connue sous le nom donné par W. Smith.’’ There is no question that the change of
name here made is an unfortunate necessity, as this particular species is the best known
of all the diatoms; and it is with reluctance that the name which should have been
accorded to it over fifty years ago is here preferred.

Cleve adds to the above list of synonyms P. strigosum W. Smith,? P. normanii Ralis, ¢
and P. finnmarchicum Cleve.4 These three are alike; but with their blunt apices,
smooth outline, coarser markings, and more sigmoid raphe they are very bad examples
of varieties of the present species. De Toni, who gives separate rank to P. normanii,
unites under P. angulatum some impossible forms, such as P. delicatulum W. Smith. é

The variety corresponding to P. quadratum W. Smith is very abundant at station
3603.

Found at stations 2919, 3200H, 3603, 3696, 4530H, Honshu Island, Japan, to Bering
Sea, southern California, and Santa Cruz Island, West Indies.

PLAGIOTROPIS Pfitz.

Plagiotropis Pfitz. in Hanst. Bot. Abhand. 2: 93.1871. Van Heur. Synop. 121. 1881.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 343. 1891. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 66.
1880.

Amphiprora Ehrenb. in part; Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 505. pl. 12. f. 58.
1857.

Tropidoneis Cleve, in part; Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 27°: 27. 1895.

I admit this genus with hesitation, as it is very doubtful if anything is gained by
separating its forms from Amphiprora. The genus is hard to understand, on account
of the contorted and pellucid character of the diatoms. I lean toward a union of all
its forms under Amphiprora; but as I have not been able to establish a satisfactory
reason for this by an exhaustive study of the different species, I classify the single
species found during these investigations under its generally accepted name. If
Cleve’s contention that this genus should be included in his later genus Tropidoneis
is correct, it would have been better to have enlarged and emended this genus instead
of creating a new one. -

Plagiotropis van heurckii Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. 122. pl. 22bis. f. 6-8. 1881.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 346. 1891.
Tropidoneis van heurckii Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 27. 1894. Van Heur.
Treat. Diat. 265. pl. 6. f. 295. 1896.
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

aSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 52. 1880.

bAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. I]. 9: 7. pl. 1. f. 7. 1852.

¢Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 919. 1861; cf. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 52. pl. 3. /f.
67. 1880.

@ Denkschr. Akad. Wien 48°: 105. 1884.

eW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 64. pl. 21. f. 202. 1853.

368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

AMPHIPRORA Ehrenb.

Amphiprora Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 401, 410. 1843. Kiitz.
Sp. Alg. 93. 1849. Van Heur. Synop. 120. 1881.
Entomoneis Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 154. 1845.
Amphicampa Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 257. 1864.
Amphitropis Rabh. in Hanst. Bot. Abhand. 2: 94. 1871. Grun. Denkschr. Akad.
Wien 487: 53. pl. A. f. 52-53. 1884.
The complicated figure of these diatoms is due mainly to the fact that they are, as
a rule, contorted spirally about their long axis through an are of 90° or less, making .
the build, which is naviculoid, difficult to understand. The genus is close to Amphora
Ehrenb., Plagiotropis Pfitz., and Auricula Castr.

-

Amphiprora conspicua Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 9: 86. pl. 10. f. 16.
1861. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 40. f. 16. 1890. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 22bis. f. 3. 1881.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 335. 1891.
Amphiprora pulchra var. B. Lewis, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 346. pl..1. f. 10. 1864.
Van Heurck’s figure above represents a doubtful aspect of this species.
Found at station 3604, Bering Sea. :

MASTOGLOIA Thwaites.

Mastogloia Thwaites; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 63. pl. 54. f. 340-841, pl. 62.
f. 388-3889. 1856. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 574. pl. 5. f. 4-8. 1860.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 313. 1891. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 20, 260. f. 65. 1864.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 924. pl. 15. f. 30.1861. Van Heur. Synop. 69. pl. 4. f. 13-
28. 1881-85; Treat. Diat. 153. f. 28, pl. 2. f. 60-66. 1896. O'Meara, Proc. Roy.
Irish Acad. II. 2: 323. pl. 29. f. 9-13. 1875. Brun, Diat. Alp. 92. pl. 8. f. 28-29.
1880. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 142. 1894.

Pleurosiphonia Ehrenb. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1853: 203. 1854, nom. nud.;1856:
338 pl. 1. f. 32. 1857; Mikrog. 59. 199. pl. 33. I. f. 14.1854. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl.
1870: 52, 58. pl. 3.J1/. f. 1-6. 1871. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 915. 1861. De
Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 326. 1891.

Stigmaphora Wall. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 43. pl. 2. f. 5-8. 1860. Moeb.
Diat.-taf. pl. 31. f. 5-8. 1890. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 325.1891. Van Heur. Treat.
Diat. 156. f. 28a. 1896?

‘Navicula Bory in part; Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 151. pl. 14. f. 12.
1863; in Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 99. pl. 1A. f. 11. 1870.

Dickieia Berkeley in part; Thwaites, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 1: 171. pl. 12. f. K.
1848.

Cocconeis Ehrenb. in part; Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 577. pl. 5. f.
10a-d. 1860.

This genus is of most questionable merit. As a convenience in reducing somewhat
the unwieldy genus Navicula, it is of advantage, but it is doubtful whether it deserves
generic rank on its own merits. The structure of the frustule displays all the charac-
teristics of Navicula, except in having a more or less evident row of internal loculi along
the margins of the valves, from the center toward or to the apices. In this it agrees
with certain species of Cocconeis Ehrenb., to which for that reason it was joined by Gru- —
now in his genus, Orthoneis. It differs, however, from Cocconeis in having both
valves alike. Toadmit that this internal plate structure is a generic mark is to invite
confusion in some other genera. Leaving out the untenable breaking up of Cocconeis
already mentioned, there is Navicula cuspidata Kiitz. This diatom I have found at
Farmingdale, New Jersey marl pits, both with and without the large internal craticular
plates, which when separated from the frustule were known for a long time as Surirella
craticula Ehrenb. They are more pronounced structures than the marginal plates of

es eS eee

———

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 369
Mastogloia, but we can not for that reason divide N. cuspidata into two genera. In fact
in some species of Mastogloia we find a close approximation to the craticular plate by
the extension of the marginal plates toward or to the center of the valve, as in M.
smithii Thwaites,@ a form called for that reason Navicula biscalaris by Brebisson.b

There is, however, some reason, despite the foregoing objections, for admitting the
genus, namely, that true examples of Mastogloia always have, so far as I know, these
marginal internal loculi and are thereby rendered widely distinct in appearance from
any Navicula. As for their mode of growth, i. e., the individuals being embedded in
gelatinous masses, this can not be taken into account here for the reasons mentioned
under Cocconema. Besides, as Grunow points out, ¢ living specimens of Mastogloia are
often found without this gelatinous matrix. It seems best, on the whole, to recognize
the genus subject to the foregoing remarks.

The admission of Ehrenberg’s genus Pleurosiphonia as a synonym is also open to
question. Most authors overlook it entirely. Thus I can find no reference to it in

Cleve’s extensive work on the naviculoid diatoms.¢ De Tonié recognizes it asa distinct

genus with seven species. Rallis, /though giving it a place in his classification, says:
“The characters of this genus are unknown to us (they were not given by Ehrenberg till
ten years later—1870); but from Ehrenberg’s figure of P. affinis we think it is probably
identical with Mastogloia.’’ Even the diagnosis does not quite settle this doubt.
There is no exact mention of marginal loculi, but of “‘siphons’’ (whence the name), on
either side as lateral lines. These, which Ehrenberg states are “saepe aere repleto,”’
are so figured in all the above citations, and in every case they are drawn as within the
marginal space occupied by the loculi of Mastogloia; that is, nearer the center of the
valve; and invariably as unbroken tubes, not as rows of chambered loculi, a fact empha-
sized in the diagnosis by the word “‘simplice.’’ But no such diatoms have ever been
met with. Thenearest thing known is Mastogloia, and it is reasonable to suppose with
Ralfs that Ehrenberg was dealing with specimens of Mastogloia. Pleurosiphonia ap-
pears in literature three years prior to the making of Mastogloia; that, isin 1853. But
this is without figure or description, a nomen nudum. Ehrenberg’s figure precedes
Thwaites’s publication by two years, but the diagnosis does not occur till 1870, under
the title ““ Nova Genera.” (See citationabove.) The generally recognized rule of bot-
anists that the date of a name shall rest on its diagnosis rather than on an undescribed
figure should not be used too strictly with the Diatomaceae; for, as a rule, figures are
worth much more than any diagnosis, as the intricate sculpture of the diatoms, on which
their genus and species depend, is possible to figure but well-nigh impossible to
describe. Besides, the reason for this rule in higher plants, seed catalogues, and
similar non-scientific publications, plays no part with the diatoms. I would not,
therefore, as a rule, make the diagnosis the chief factor in fixing the date of a genus or
species in the Diatomaceae. But in this case, where the figures are at best indefinite
and the diagnosis does not appear till four years later than Thwaites’s accurate figures
and description, I give preference to the latter.
Mastogloia lemnisca Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 35. pl. 3. f. 29. 1879.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 186. f. 14-15. 1893. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 324. 1891. Cleve,
Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 273: 159. pl. 2. f. 26. 1895.
My specimen exhibits the markings of the variety represented by Schmidt’s figure 14
above.
Found at station 3013H, Hawaiian Islands.

a@W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: pl. 54. f. 341B. 1856.
bIn lit. January, 1853.

¢ Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 575. 1860.

@Svy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 1894; 27%: 1895.

€De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 326. 1891.

/Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 915. 1861.

~

370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

GOMPHONEMA ©. Ag.

Gomphonema ©. Ag. Syst. Alg. 15. 1824. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 886. 1861.
W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 77. pl. 27-29. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 22.
282. f. 71. 1864. Van Heur. Synop. 122. pl. 23-25. 1881; Treat. Diat. 268. f. 58.
1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 419. 1891. Brun, Diat. Alp. 33. 1880. Griff. &
Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 3. 346. pl. 12. f. 34. 1875. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26?:
178. 1894, char. emend.

Meridion ©. Ag. in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 208. pl. 16. f/. 3. 1838.

Sphenosira Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 402. pl. 3. I. f. 27. IV.
f. 12.1843. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 892. 1861. Kitz. Bacill. 88. pl. 29, f. 47.
S44.

Sphenella Kiitz. Bacill. 83. 1844.

Gomphonella Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 61. pl. 9. f. 1-8. 1853.

Gomphoneis Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26*: 73. 1894. |

The inadequate ground for constituting a genus—namely, the matter of its being ~

provided with a gelatinous attachment or being free—discussed under the genus
Cocconema Ehrenb., is responsible for some of the above synonyms. Thus Gompho-
nella Rabh. is the form of Gomphonema C. Ag. that is found in gelatinous masses,
while Sphenella Kiitz. is made up of the forms that are free. Heiberg@ showed that
both forms occur in the same species. Cleve’s Gomphoneis is based on a fine line near
the margin and a slight difference in the punctation of the costae. Cleve is consist-
ent, in that he breaks up other genera, as Navicula, on just such grounds; but, as is
shown under that name, the distinctions are too trivial to separate generically forms
that are otherwise so nearly related. The genus Rhoicosphenia Grun. is sometimes
spoken of as differing but slightly from this genus. It is much nearer to Achnanthes
Bory by reason of the totally unlike valves of the frustule. Gomphonema is closer
to Cocconema Ehrenb. than to any other valid genus.

Gomphonema herculeanum Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 78. 1846; Mikrog.
pl. 87A. f. 9, pl. 35.A. VII. f. 12-13. 1854. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 23.f. 2. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 890. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 420. 1891.

Gomphoneis herculeana Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 73. 1894. Schmidt, Atlas

pl. 215. f. 4-14. 1899; pl. 283. f. 1-2. 1902.

De Toni gives as reference H. L. Smith’s type no. 177. Smith labels it ‘‘Gompho-
nema capitatum herculaneum’’ (not herculeanum). It is an unimportant variety of
that species and does not at all resemble this one.

Found at station 3694H, Okhotsk Sea.

Gomphonema mammilla Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 87. IT. f. 10. 1854; Phys. Abh. Akad.
Wiss. Berl. 1870: 56. 1871. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 23. f. 1. 1881. Ralfs in
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 890. 1861.

Gom phones mamilla Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26°: 73. 1894.

- Gomphonema oregonicum Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 87. II. f. 12-18. 1854 ?
Gomphonema (oregonicum var.?) marimum Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 238. f. 8.
1881.(?)

I am not satisfied of the specific identity of Ehrenberg’s G. mammilla and G. oregoni-
cum. As Ralis points out, there are some considerable differences. It is, however,
doubtful if they can be held separate. I do not agree with De Toni in looking upon —
all the above as synonymous with G. herculeanum Ehrenb. It should be here noted’
that the figure of Van Heurck is misleading in having an unsymmetrical curvature of
the costae on opposite sides of the median line.

Found at station 2882, off Oregon.

|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 371

COCCONEMA Hemp. & Ehrenb.

Coceonema Hemp. & Ehrenb. in Ehrenb. Symb. Phys. Evertebr. 9. pl. 2. IV. /. 10.
1828. Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1829: 15. 1830; Infus. 223. pl. 19.
f. 7.1838; Mikrog. pl. 10. I. f. 18.1854. Kiitz. Bacill. 80. pl. 6. f. 1. 1844. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 3. 877. pl. 10. f. 194-198. 1861. Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 1: 425. pl.
101. f. 1. 1845. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 10. f. 1-35. 1875. W. Smith, Synop. Brit.
Diat. 1: 75. pl. 23. f. 219. 1853. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 97. pl. 1. //. &.

1884. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 180. pl. 12. f. 19-20. 1875. H. L. Smith.
Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 80-85. 1874. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 6. f. 1-5. 8-9, 11, 14. 1890

Bacillaria Gmel. in part; Hemp. & Ehrenb.in Ehrenb. Symb. Phys. pl. 2. IV. f. 10.
1828.

Cymbella C. Ag. Consp. 1. 1830. Kiitz. Bacill. 79. pl. 6. f. 11. 1844. Rabh. FI.
Eur. Alg. 1: 10, 77. f. 20. 1864. Brun. Diat. Alp. 55. pl. 3. f. 1-8, 10-19. 1880. Van
Heur. Synop. 59. pl. 2. f. 1-19. 1881. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13:
336. pl. 7. f. 5-12. 1884. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 84. 1856. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 875. pl. 7. f. 45-46. 1861. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 115-123.
1874. H. L. Smith, The Lens 1: 76. 1872. Greg. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 3:
4. pl. 1. f. 17-21. 1856. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 349.1891. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 7.
f. 1-35. 1890. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 26%: 156. 1894. Heib. Krit. Overs.
Danske Diat. 107. 1863.

Gomphonema Ag., in part; C. Ag. Consp. 33. 1830. Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 564. pl. 4.
f. 52. 1833.

Frustulia Ag. in part; Kitz. Linnaea 8: /. 10. 1833. Menegh. in Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 59.
1849.

Encyonema Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 589. f. 73. 1833. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 11,85. f. 23.
1864. Van Heur. Synop. 65. pl. 3. f. 9-23. 1881. Kitz. Bacill. 82. pl. 22. f. 1.
1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 879. pl. 7. f. 49, pl. 14. f. 22.1861. W. Smith,
Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 67. pl. 54. f. 345. 1856. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 10. f. 42-66. 1875.
Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 2: 439. pl. 100. f. 10. 1845. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:.371. 1891.

Syncyclia Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1835: 174. 1837; Infus. 233. pl. 20.
f. 11. 1838. Kiitz. Bacill. 81. pl. 22. f. 2. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 879. pl.
7.f. 58, pl. 10. f. 206. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 11, 97. f. 24. 1864. Griff. &
Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 759. pl. 14. f. 14. 1875. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 375. 1891.

Navicula Bory, in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 184. pl. 13. f. 18. 1838.

se al Breb. in part; Breb. & God. Consid. Diat. 14. 1838 (cf. Van Heur.
- Synop. pl. 3. f. 19. 1881).

Pinnularia Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 133, in part; Mikrog.
pl. 5. I. f. 11. 1854.

The claim of Heiberg @ that Cocconema and Cymbella should be united is quite
generally conceded. They differ solely in that the former grows attached to a gelat-
inous stipe. This is, of course, as truly a morphological characteristic as anything
connected with the siliceous frustule. But to admit such a distinction is impossible
in this group of plants. Even in living forms Cocconema is certain to become detached
in large masses from the stipes; and when found in that condition, it is manifestly
absurd to attempt a distinction. In fossil forms all question of gelatinous connections
must plainly be eliminated. In the same way diatoms are Schizonema C. Ag. while in
their gelatinous tubes, but clearly Navicula Bory when set free; and Eunotia Ehrenb.
is identical with Himantidium Ehrenb. when the latter is out of its gelatinous invest-
ment. But in the selection ofa generic name Heiberg, for utterly trivial reasons, passed
over the older name Cocconema and chose Cymbella, and his selection has been gen-
erally followed. The older name is, therefore, here restored and Cymbella made its
synonym. In the case of Encyonema Kiitz., whose mode of growth is different from
the other two, the frustule ae inclosed in gelatinous tubes, its union here is more

aes Krit. Given Deck. Diat. 107. 1863.

372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

open to question; for aside from its mode of growth, which may be neglected, it offers
a general distinction in having its raphe stop short of the apices of the frustule and in
its terminations being peculiarly bent. But these qualities are very inconstant,
and by an examination of many species it is made certain that no distinction is possible
between it and the members of the genus Cocconema. Syncyclia Ehrenb. is even
more strikingly dissimilar in its mode of growth, the frustules being embedded in
gelatinous masses and grouping themselves therein by division into cylindrical com-
munities, whence the name. So far as the figures are concerned, they also show some
dissimilarity from the present genus in their strongly truncate ends,@ but this must
be looked upon as of little significance when we compare them with the drawings of
the evident Cocconema? in Pritchard. It is, therefore, best to ignore in the foregoing
four genera their differences of attachment and unite them in a single genus.

Cocconema inaequale (Ehrenb.) Mann.

Navicula inaequalis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1836: 53. 1837, nom. nud.;
Infus. 184. pl. 13. f. 18. 1838.

Cymbella ehrenbergii Kiitz. Bacill. 79. pl. 6. f. 11. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
875. pl. 7.f. 46, pl. 9. f. 154A. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 9. f. 6-9, 16-18, pl. 71.f.
74, 80.1875. Griff. & Henf. Mier. Dict. ed. 3. pl. 13. f. 31.1875. W.Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat. 1: 17. pl. 2. f. 27. 1853. Van Heur. Synop. 60. pl. 2. f. 1-2. 1881. H. L.
Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 117. 1874. Brun, Diat. Alp. 59. pl. 2. f. 30. 1880.
Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 165. 1894. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 349. 1891.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 7. f. 3, 21, 25. 1890.

Stauroneis inaequalis Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 16. I. f. 6. 1854.

Pinnularia inaequalis Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 16. II. f. 6. 1854.

Cymbella delicata Schmidt, Atlas pl. 9. f. 17. 1875.

Kiitzing recognizes the identity of his form and Ehrenberg’s Navicula inaequalis.
It is possible Stawroneis inaequalis Ehrenb. and Pinnularia inaequalis Ehrenb. can be
assigned to some other species as well as to this, as their exact character is rather hard
to determine. But they agree fairly well with this species; and it is probable Ehren-
berg looks upon them as the same, as he uses the three generic names interchangeably.
In fact, the name Stauroneis Ehrenb.¢ is probably a misprint, for the form shows no
trace of a stauros.

Found at station 3013H, Hawaiian Islands.

Cocconema kamtschatica (Grun.) Mann.
Cymbella kamtschatica Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 10. f. 31. 1875. Wolle, Diat. N. A.
pl. 7. f. 11.1890. MOll. types 3, 2, 10.

Cleved makes this a variety of Cocconema mericanum Ehrenb.e De Toni,/ on the
other hand, places it as a variety of Cymbella gastroides Kiitz. Both of these resemble
the above. In fact, few species of this genus have hard and fast boundaries; and we
might add to the above resembling forms Cymbella maculata Kiitz., especially as figured
by Van Heurck.g 1, however, think that Grunow’s form, on account of its smaller
size than in the above, its finer markings, its blunt apices, and its breadth at the middle
of the valve, together with its tumid outline on the ventral side, can be safely left ina
species by itself.

Found at station 2882, off Oregon.

a(Cf{. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. pl. 7. f. 53. 1861.

b Pritch. op. cit. pl. 14. f. 18-20.

¢ Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 16. I. f. 6. 1854.

d Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26: 177. 1894.

e Cf. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 342.1845. Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33, VII. f. 6-7,
1854. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 10. f. 32-88, pl. 71. f. 82. 1875-81.

f De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 362. 1891.

gSynop. pl. 2. f. 16. 1881.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 373

Cocconema lanceolatum (('. Ag.) Ehrenb. Infus. 224. pl. 19. f. 6. 1838; Mikrog. pl. &.
I. f.8, pl. 10. I. f. 18, pl. 14. f. 82, pl. 15A. f. 96, pl. 17. II. f. 82, pl. 88A. II.
f. 10, pl. 89. IT. f. 16. 1854. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 10. f. 8-10. 1875; pl. 72. f. 22-25.
1881. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 83. 1874. Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 426. pl.
101. f. 1. 1845. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 877. pl. 10. f. 194-195. 1861. Kiitz.
Bacill. 81. pl. 6. f. 3. 1844. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 83. 1864. W. Smith, Synop.
Brit. Diat. 1: 75. pl. 23. f. 219. 1853. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. 180. pl. 12. f. 19
20. 1875. W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Il. 19: 8. pl. 1. f. 8 (not f. 7). 1857.
Thw. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20: 343. pl. 22. f. C, 1-3. 1847. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl.
6. f. 1-8, 11, 14-16. 1890.

Gomphonema lanceolatum C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 34. 1830. Kitz. Linnaea 8: 38. 1833
(not G. lanceolatum Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 306. pl. 2. J. f.
37. 1843).

Cocconema asperum Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 206. 1841; Mikrog. pl. 5.
meerns. 7. 2.211. f. 27, pl. 6. I. f. $0, pl. 9. Lf. 42, pl. 16. IIL. f. 39. 1854.
Kiitz. Bacill. 81. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 877. 1861. Bail. Amer. Jour.
Sci. 124. pl. 2. f. 2 (unnamed). 1838; cf. Hab. Cat. 85. 1877.

Cocconema cornutum Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 124. 1843;
Mikrog. pl. 5. IT. f. 3. III. f. 28, pl. 14.f. 80, pl. 15A.f. 94, pl. 39. LIT. f. 12. 1854.

Cocconema cymbiforme Ehrenb. err. det. Bail. in Fremont, Rep. Expl. Exped. 1842-4.
302. pl. 5. f. 8 (not f. 7, 9). 1845.

Cymbella lanceolata Kirchn. in Cohn, Krypt. Flora Sches. 188. 1878. Brun, Diat.
Alp. 57. pl. 3. f. 19, pl. 9. f. 16. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 63. pl. 2. f2 7. 1881.
Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13: 337. pl. 7.f. 6. 1884. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 362.1891. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 41. 1889; 3: pl. 23. f. 344, 350. 1893
(not C. lanceolata C. Ag. Consp. Diat. 9. 1830).

Cymbella aspera Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 175. 1894, in part.

Although I agree with De Toni in making Cocconema cornutum Ehrenb. synonymous

with the present species, I recognize that there is ground for questioning this, C. cor-

nutum being more suddenly attenuated on either side of the middle and, therefore,
with narrower apices than C. lanceolatum, whence the name. But I do not think this
is sufficient to separate them. I have no question in regard to C. asperum Ehrenb.,
which Cleve holds as a distinct species. Ehrenberg’s own figures of this are indistin-
guishable from his C. lanceolatum. Cleve has evidently a somewhat different concep-
tion of this diatom, as is shown by his uniting with it such forms as Pantocsek’s Cymbella
gigantea,® which seems to me quite distinct from Ehrenberg’s C. asperum. I therefore
make Cleve’s species synonymous only in part. Doubtless this species and C. gas-
troides Kiitz. interlock.
Found at station 2882, off Oregon.

AMPHORA Ebhrenb.

Amphora Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 205. 1841. Kiitz. Bacill. 107. 1844.
Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 86.1864. H.L. Smith, The Lens, 2: 64.1873. Van Heur.
Synop. 55. 1881. Brun, Diat. Alp. 53. 1880.

Navicula Ehrenb. Infus. 188. pl. 14. f. 3. 1838, in part.

Frustulia Agardh, in part; Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 535. 1833. Agardh, Flora 10: 627.
1827.

Cymbella Agardh, in part; Kiitz. Bacill. 80. pl. 5. f. 8, pl. 6. /. 7. 1844.

Cocconeis Ehrenb. in part; Neup. Math. Termesz. Kézlem. 5: pl. 2. f. 49. 1867

Amphora baccata Mann, sp. nov. Piate XLIV, ricure 2.

Valves straight or slightly convex on the ventral side; convex by a broad, even are

on the dorsal side; ends blunt, rounded; raphe beginning somewhat toward the dorsal

@ Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 21. f. 321. 1893.

374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

side of each apex, curving slightly to that side, then recurving toward the ventral side
in a long, graceful are and terminating at a small, rectangular, hyaline central area,
close to the ventral side; markings of closely set, moniliform striae, transverse except
toward the apices, where they are slightly incurved; beading of the striae alike on both
sides of the raphe, which is bordered on each side by a narrow hyaline space; a hyaline
line, the width of one row of beads, forming a narrow stauros transversely across the
center, from the rectangular central area to the dorsal side.

Length of valve, 0.1385 mm.; width of valve, 0.023 mm. Striae, 76 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, no. 590153, from station 3688H, Okhotsk Sea,
August 27, 1896; 1,562 fathoms, bottom of brown mud and fine sand.

There is some resemblance between the above and A. elegans Gregory; but Gregory’s
species is more attenuated, especially as to the apices, and is much more delicately
marked. Thus De Toni says of it, ‘*Valvis gracilibus, semilunatis, levibus (striis
obsoletis).”’ It resembles more strongly A. levis Gregory,¢ a similarity which is, how-
ever, accidental to Schmidt’s figure, as can be seen by comparing it with the original
description and figures,¢ Gregory saying that his form is ‘‘ very hyaline,”’ and that “‘the
striae are very fine, about 60 in 0.001, very hyaline and hardly to be seen with a power
of 400 diam.’’ Schmidt’s figure is therefore quite deceptive.

Amphora crescens Mann, sp. nov. PLate XLIV, ricure 3.

Amphora crassa punctata Grun.? Schmidt, Atlas pl. 28. f. 32. 1875.

Valve slightly convex on the dorsal side, more rapidly curving toward the rounded
and incurved ends; the margin appearing ribbed because of the transverse striae; ends
bent inward into rounded wings extending beyond the ventral line of the rest of the
valve and hyaline along their inner edges; raphe beginning near the ends, close to the
dorsal margin, almost straight until near the middle, then curving ventrally to the two
central nodules, which are distant from the ventral side one-fourth the width of the
valve; ventral margin slightly convex at the center, straight or slightly concave between
this and the rounded ends; transverse striae obscure, except where seen in relief along
the dorsal margin; markings different on the two sides of the raphe; on the dorsal side
consisting of rows of beads, three to five in a row, the smallest next to and touching the
raphe, increasing regularly in size to the last at the dorsal margin; these rows alternating
with the striae visible at the margin, equidistant, 44 in 0.1 mm., transverse at the cen-
ter of the valve, thence outward gradually inclining toward the ends; on the ventral
side the rows shorter, of two or three beads of nearly equal size, those nearest the raphe
slightly larger; not touching the raphe, but uniformly distant the width of one bead,
thus leaving a hyaline line along the raphe on the ventral side only; rows absent at the
middle for the width of two rows, thence at first inclining from the central area, half-
way to their becoming transverse, from there outward gradually inclined from the
ends, thus making them at this point confluent with those on the dorsal side of the
raphe; at the rounded ends of the valve the ventral rows not reaching the margin, but
leaving these hyaline on their inner edges.

Length of valve, 0.09 mm.; width of valve,0.013 mm. Beaded striae, 44 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, no. 590158, from station 4516H, Gulf of Cali-
fornia, December 22, 1904; 1,627 fathoms.

This species bears a significant general resemblance to the figure in Schmidt’s Atlas,¢

named A. crassa punctata Grun. The figure is very poor, making it impossible to see
whether or not there are beaded striae present, though the varietal name implies that

a Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 5: 70. pl. 1. f. 30. 1857. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 12. f. 80.
1890.

b De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 381. 1891.

¢ Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 26. f. 9. 1875.

‘d Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 514. pl. 12. f. 74, b-c. 1857.

¢ Pl. 28. f. 82. 1875.

=

|
|

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 375

there are. At anyrate, it is clear Grunow has overlooked Gregory’s clear characteriza-
tion of his species, in which he expressly states that his former figure? is incorrect and
probably denotes another species. He goes on to say: “‘The markings are entire,
coarse, subdistant, about 12 in 0.001. Between the lateral segments are from five
to eight converging bars, marked with the same subdistant entire striae. In one focus.
not here figured, nothing is seen but bars from one side to the other, which are thus
eight or nine in number.’’ He then refers to various localities where he has found this
form, showing that it is constant in its characters. If the contour of Amphora, inde-
pendent of its markings, were to be considered the specific mark of distinction, then my
species and the figure in Schmidt’s Atlas © might be classed as broad varieties of Greg-
ory’sform; and to these would have to be added many other otherwise valid species, as
this winged contour is not at all uncommon in the genus. But such is not the case;
and the above, together with the figure Gregory excludes from his crassa in the citation
already made, must rank separately. Prof. H. L. Smith in his Conspectus of Am-
phora,@ correctly described and figured A. crassa Greg. He there favors its union
with A. sulcata Breb., according to Grunow’s suggestion, but the merits of this question
do not enter into the present case, as my form is equally unlike both of these. It is
certain that whatever be the interpretation of Schmidt’s blurred figure, the specimen
here named and figured can not be referred to Gregory’s A. crassa.

Amphora honshuensis Mann, sp. nov. PuaTE XLIV, FicureE 1,

Valves broadly rounded, the margin on the ventral side concave and parallel to the
convex dorsal margin, until, near the ends, they both converge to form the broad,
rounded apices; raphe beginning at the center, close to the ventral margin, curving
sharply backward toward the dorsal side and terminating in two large beads close to
the dorsal margin, but some distance from the rounded apices; striae of very fine bead-
ing, extending from the dorsal and ventral margins'to the raphe, leaving no hyaline band
on either side of it; a small lunate, hyaline area between the two central nodules of the
raphe and the ventral margin; valve depressed at the center in a broad shallow trans-
verse hollow, the two halves on either side rising above this like lobes; on account of
this central depression and the elevation of the two halves the lines of beading on the
dorsal side of the raphe, although approximately transverse, appearing in the hollow
to bend convexly from each other, then halfway toward the ends to become transverse,
and near the broad, rounded extremities to again become curved with the concave
curvature inward; on the ventral side of the raphe the lines of beading, which are
equally minute, beginning at the hyaline lunate area before mentioned, somewhat
inclined toward the center and transverse only on nearing the rounded ends; these
lines on the ventral side somewhat irregular, producing a wavy appearance; valves
very delicate and diaphanous. Name referring to proximity to Honshu Island, Japan.

Length of valve, 0.16 mm.; width of valve, 0.04 mm. Striae, 85 to 88 in 0.1 mm.
_ Type in the U. S. National Museum, no. 590154, from station 3698, off Honshu
Island, Japan, May 5, 1900; 153 fathoms, bottom of green mud, volcanic ashes, and sand.
Amphora mexicana Schmidt, Atlas pl. 27. f. 47-48 (not f. 49). 1875. De Toni, Syll.

Alg. 2: 409. 1891. Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 267: 105. pl. 4. f. 15. 1895.
Amphora warhenhusenvi Jan.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 40. f. 88.1876. Diat. Gaz. Exped.
pl. 22. f. 47

Amphora boryana Pant. Bacill. Ung. 2: 36. 1889; 3: pl. 38. f. 531. 1893.

There is no appreciable difference between the above. It may also be that A. oculus
Schmidt ¢ should be added to the nono, hae although the absence of the curved

a Trans. Ring. Soc. ‘Edinb. 21: 524. pl. es 94a- d. 1857.
_ 6 Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 5: pl. 1. f. 35. 1857.

e Pl. 28. f. 32: 1875.

@ The Lens 2: 76. pl. 2

€ Schmidt, Atlas pl. 27.

31713—VoL 10, pT 5—O7

Sf. 5
f. 52. 1875.
WW

376 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

expansions on the ventral side of the raphe in A. oculus and its more massive build
make this union doubtful. It is so united by Fricke. A. proteus kariana Grun.,®
has also a strong resemblance to the above. I see no reason for uniting with these,
under the general name A. oculus Schmidt, the quite different A. farcimen Grun., A.
weissflogui Schmidt, and A. kamorthensis Grun., as seems to be done by Fricke.¢ It
may be said that Cleve @ also unites A. boryana Pant. with the above, and De Toni¢
includes it as variety boryana, but with a question mark.

My specimens agree best with Cleve’s figure, / though they are smaller forms, their
average length being 0.079 mm. and their width 0.023 mm. I look upon the diatom
figured in Schmidt's Atlas ¢ bearing the above name, as a quite distinct species.

Found at stations 3698, 3712H, off Honshu Island and in Okhotsk Sea.

Amphora pellucida Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 513. pl. 12. f. 73. 1857.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 27. f. 11, 36-37, 65.1875. H.L. Smith, The Lens 2: 78. pl. 2.
f. 15. 1873. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 405. 1891.

It is possible this is a delicate variety of A. ovalis Kiitz., as treated by Rabenhorst,”
a view also seemingly favored by H. L. Smith and De Toni above. Cleve # says it is
‘too imperfectly described and figured for admitting of identification” (which is not
the case); and then he proceeds to identify it by putting it in A. marina (W. Smith?)
Van Heur. Again j he places it, as figured in Schmidt's Atlas at above reference,
exclusive of figure 65, in A. commutata Grun. If it is to be included in any other
species, it should be in A. ovalis Kiitz., but I think there is sufficient doubt about this
to justify its being allowed to stand.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Amphora spectabilis Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 516. pl. 13. f. 80a, d, e (not
f. 80b, ce). Schmidt, Atlas pl. 40. f. 20-23. 1876. H. L. Smith, The Lens 2: 80.
pl. 3. f. 3. 1873. Cleve, In Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 462. 1883; Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 27°: 132. 1895. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 408. 1891.

Amphora furcata Leud.-Fort. Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 20. pl. 1. f. 11.1879. De

Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 402. 1891.

The claim made by Leuduger-Fortmorel, above, that Schmidt’s figures, above, are
not Gregory’s spectabilis, but a distinct species, which he also figures and to which he
gives the specific name furcata, is supported by De Toni, above. I do not agree with
this view, but take the position stated by Cleve * that Schmidt’s and Leuduger-Fort-
morel’s forms are only a variety of Gregory’s species. A careful reading of Gregory’s
long description of this diatom will make it evident that the only particular in which
ii fails to correspond with Schmidt’s figures is in the forking of the inner ends of the
striae on the dorsal side. Gregory says his specimens were very dimly striated on
that side, so much so that though the striae were evident near the dorsal margin, they
faded away toward the innerends. Without doubt this fact prevented his noting the
forking of these striae; though it ought to be added that this forking is by no means
invariable, as is to be seen by comparing Schmidt’s figure 20 with his figure 21. So
far as my experience goes, the figure of Leuduger-Fortmorel seems overdrawn in the
irregularity of the striae.

Found at station 3698, off Honshu Island, Japan.

a Fricke, Verzeichniss zu Schmidt’s Atlas 10. 1902.
b Cleve & Grunow, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 172: 24. pl. 1. f. 7. 1880.
eCleve. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 27%: 105. 1895.

d Op. cit. 8.

éSyll. Alg. 2: 409. 1891.

fOp. cit. pl. 4. f. 15. i Cleve, op. cit. 103.
g Pl. 27. f. 49. 1875. j Cleve, op. cit. 119.

AF). Eur. Alg. 1: 92. 1864. k Cleve, op. cit. 132.

ed We)
~I]
a |

MANN-—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES.

CYSTOPLEURA Breb.

Cystopleura Breb.; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 3. 1849, as synonym. Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 2:
890. 1891

Frustulia C. Ag. in part; Kiitz, Linnaea 8: 16. pl. 1. f. 18. 1833.

Eunotia Ehrenb. Infus. 190. pl. 14. f. 5. 1838, in part.

Navicula Bory, in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 184. pl. 13. f. 19. 1838.

Epithemia Kiitz. Bacill. 33.1844. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 9, 62. f. 15. 1864. W.
Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.1: 11. pl. 7. f. 7. 1853. Brun, Diat. Alp.42. pl. 2. f. 10-
18. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 138. pl. 31-32. 1881. H.L. Smith, The Lens 1: 80.
1872. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 759. pl. 12. f. 24-25. 1861. Eng. & Pr. Pflan-
zenfam. 1'»: 140. f. 256. 1896, not Blume, 1826.

Cymbella Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 1: 428. pl. 100. f. 7-8. 1845, in part, not C. Ag.

The name Epithemia Breb. isa homonym of Epithemia Blume, 1826, a genus of the
Primulaceae. The genus Cystopleura Breb. is first technically published by Kuntze,
all previous references to it being in synonomy.

Cystopleura gibba (Ehrenb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 891. 1891. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 780. 1892.

Navicula gibba Ehrenb. Infus. 184. pl. 13. f. 19. 1838.

Eunotia gibba Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 3. pl. J. f.39. 1843. Bail.
in Fremont, Rep. Explor. Exped. 1842-4. 302. pl. 5. f. 4-5. 1845.

Eunotia jastrabensis Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 8. f. 3. 1854.

Epithemia gibba Kiitz. Bacill. 35. pl. 4. f. 22. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.
1: 15. pl. 1. f. 13. 1853. Rabh. Sussw. Diat. pl. 1. f. 3. 1853. Grun. Verh. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 327. pl. 6. f. 7. 1862. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 759. pl. 12.
f. 27. 1861. Brun, Diat. Alp. 44. pl. 2. f. 14. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 139. pl. 32.
f. 1-5. 1881. H.L.Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 150.1874. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 35.
f. 1-3, 8-9. 1890. Thwaites, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20: 344. pl. 22. f. F1-2. 1847.
Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3. 287. pl. 51. f. 6. 1875. Van Heur. Treat. Diat.
296. pl. 9. f. 351-354. 1896. Grun. Denkschr. Akad. Wien 487: 100. 1884.

Epithemia ventricosa Kitz. Bacill. 35. pl. 30. f. 9. 1844. W. Smith, Synop. Brit.
Diat. 1: 15. pl. 1. f. 14. 1853.

It is impossible to unite with this species Ehrenberg’s Navicula wncinata,® though
subsequent to its publication he refers to it in this connection.® Without a figure
and more accurate description there is nothing gained by placing this name in the
synonymy.

The specimens from station 3346 are a variety in which hardly a trace of the granu-
lation of the striae is visible. ’

Found at stations 2690H, 2848, 2917H, 3013H, 5346, Bering Sea to central California
and Hawaiian Islands.

Cystopleura turgida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 891.1891. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
777, 1892.

Navicula turgida Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1830: 64. 1831.

Navicula granulata Ehrenb.; Poggend. Annal. Phys. u. Chem. 38: 220. pl. 3. f. 2.
1836.

Eunotia turgida Ehrenb. Infus. 190. pl. 14. f. 5, pl. 21. f. 20a. 1838.

Eunotia westermani Ehrenb. Infus. 190. pl. 1/. f. 6. 1838.

Eunotia granulata Ehrenb. Infus. 191. pl. 21. f. 20. 1838. Kiitz. Bacill. 36. 1844.

Eunotia faba Ehrenb. Infus. 191. pl. 21. f. 21. 1838.

Eunotia librile Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 126. pl. 3. I. f. 88. 1843.

a Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1828: 64. 1830.
b Ehrenb. Infus. 184. 1838.

378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Epithemia turgida Kitz. Bacill. 34. pl. 5. f. 14. 1844. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg.1: 62.
1864. Rabh. Stissw. Diat. 18. pl. J. f. 11. 1853. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat.
1: 12. pl. 1. f. 2. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 761. pl. 4. f. 1, pl. 9. ff.
156-161, pl. 11. f. 1-8. 1861. H.L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 155. 1874. Brun,
Diat. Alp. 43. pl. 2. f. 17.1880. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 31./. 1-2, 5-7. 1881. Grun.
Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 324. pl. 6. f. 2. 1862.

Epithemia westermanii Kitz. Bacill. pl. 80. f. 4. 1844 (not pl. 5. f. 18; not W. Smith,
Synop. Brit. Diat.1: 14. pl. 1.f. 11. 1853; not H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 157.
1874; not Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 760. pl. 4. f. 2, pl: 9.f. 157.1861). Van. Heur.
Synop. pl. 31. f. & 1881.

Epithemia librile Kitz. Bacill. 35. pl. 29. f. 45 (poor). 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 761. pl. 12. f. 24-25. 1861.

Epithemia vertagus Kitz. Bacill. 36. pl. 30. f. 20. 1844?

Epithemia granulata Kiitz. Bacill. 35. pl. 5. f. 20. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
761. pl. 9. f. 165. 1861. -

Epithemia faba Kitz. Bacill. 36. pl. 5. f. 21. 1844.

Cymbella turgida Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 1: 428. pl. 100. f. 7. 1845.

It is doubtful if 2. westermanii ( Ehrenb.) Kiitz., included above, should beattributed
to Kiitzing. His first figure and description represent a totally different diatom, as do
some of the subsequent copies of it and exsiccati so determined and cited above, which
I have also excluded. The figure on plate 30 is, however, a good representation of this
species, as is that cited by Van Heurck. There is very close similarity between the
present species and EF. hyndmanii W. Smith,¢ so much so that their separation,
though upheld by De Toni and others, appears to me decidedly doubtful. In fact, my
specimen is about midway between the two, having the strongly bowed dorsal outline
and broad rounded apices of FE. hyndmannii together with the beading of EF. turgida,
especially the large beading along the ventral margin as seen in the zonal view.

Found at station 2882, off Oregon. . :

NITZSCHIA Hass.

Nitzschia Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 1: 435. 1845. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 37.
pl. 13-14. 1853. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 67. 1880. Van Heur.
Synop. 169. pl. 57-70. 1881; Treat. Diat. 382. pl. 15-16. 1896. Pritch. Hist. Infus.
ed. 4. 779. 1861. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 495. Eng. & Pr. Pflanzenfam. 11: 142.
1896. .

Navicula Bory, in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 182. pl. 13. f. 15. 1838.

Synedra Ehbrenb. in part; Kiitz. Bacill. 67. pl. 4. f. 36-37. 1844.

Surirella Turp. in part; Bail. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2*: 40. pl. 2. f. 86. 1851.

Amphipleura Kiitz. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 45. pl. 15. f.'128. 1853.

Tryblionella W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 35. 1853.

Denticula Kiitz. in part; W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 2: 21. pl. 34. f. 295. 1856.

Dimeregramma Ralis, in part; Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 790. pl. 4. f. 12. 1861.

Nitzschiella Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 163. 1864.

Grunowia Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 146. 1864.

Pritchardia Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 162. 1864.

Perrya Kitton, Mo. Micr. Journ, 12: 218. pl. 81. f. 1-3. 1874.

Bacillaria Gmel. in part; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 493. 1891.

Hantzschia Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?: 103. 1880. Van

Heur. Synop. 168. pl. 56. 1881; Treat. Diat. 280. 1896.

The original genus of Hassall was extensively emended by William Smith in 1853

and by Grunow in 1880. In the latter instance the genus Hantzschia was set off by

aW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 12. pl. 1. f. 1. 1853, and Van. Heur. Synop. pl. 31.
f. 8-4. 1881.

—

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 379

Grunow, but on too unimportant distinctions. The rather sharp constriction of the
valves at the center on the dorsal side, and especially the heavier beading of the dorsal
margin, sometimes extending as ridges part way across the valve, are the marks of dis-
tinction. The apices are liable to be slightly curved ventrally. These characters of
Hantzschia singly or together are more or less to be seen in other species of Nitzschia,
and are not good generic marks. Van Heurck retains the genus. It is instructive on

_this point to compare Nitzschia bilobata W. Smith with Hantzschia amphiorys (Ehrenb. )
Grun.¢@

Nitzschia amphibia Grun. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 574. pl. 12. f. 23. 1862.

Cleve, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17°: 98. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 184. pl. 68.
f. 15-17. 1881-85. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 157. 1864. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat.
Typ. no. 688. 1874. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 543. 1891.

Bacillaria frauenfeldii Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 584. pl. 12. f. 1. 1862.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 545. 1891.

Nitzschia frauenfeldii Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17%: 98. 1880.
Van Heur. Synop. pl. 68. f. 18. 1881.

Nitzschia actiuscula Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 68. f. 19-23. 1881.

Although the original figures of B. frawenfeldii are much more tapering than those of
N. amphibia, a comparison of the two as figured by Van Heurck will show their identity.
In fact, Grunow says: ® ‘‘Nahe verwandt mit N. amphibia und wohl nur eine langere
Form derselben.’’ - The species is also too close to some other forms, as NV. fossilis
Grun.¢ and N. liebetruthti Rabh.¢€ The former differs merely in much greater attenu-

- ation, but as I have not seen the diatom I do not include it with the above.

Found at station 3091, off Oregon.

Nitzschia angustata (W. Smith) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?:
70. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 172. pl. 57. f. 22-24. 1881. Cleve & M@ll. typ.
no. 154-155. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 500. Van Heur. Treat. Diat. 385. pl. 15.
f. 498. 1896.

Tryblionella angustata W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 36. pl. 30. f. 262.1853. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 148. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 792. 1861. Brun, Diat.
Alp. 103. pl. 4. f. 28. 1880.

Nitzschia marina Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 70. 1880. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 57. f. 26-27. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 500. 1891. Cleve in
Nordensk. Vega Exped. 3: 507. 1883. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 44. f. 16 (not f. 17).
1892.

Both Brun and Habirshaw add to the above list Tryblionella acuminata W. Smith. ¢
This is incorrect. Nor can Habirshaw’s union of Synedra praemorsa Ehrenb./ be
admitted. The measurements of VV. marina vary considerably in the first and fourth
citations above, the latter being much larger.

Found at stations 2929, 4516H, off southern California and in Gulf of California.
Nitzschia insignis Greg. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 5: 80. pl. 1. f. 46, 46*. 1857.

Van Heur. Synop. pl. 61. f. 1. 1881; Treat. Diat. 391. pl. 32. f. 835, 836. 1896.
Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 83. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 521.
1892 (not H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 349. 1874 =N. scalaris (Ehrenb.) W.
Smith).

Pritchardia insignis Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 163. 1864.

@Van Heur. Treat. Diat. pl. 15. f. 484b, 513. 1896.

bSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 177: 99. 1880.

¢ Van Heur. Synop. pl. 68. f. 24. 1881.

@ Van Heur. Synop. pl. 68. f. 25-26. 1881.

eW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 36. pl. 10. f. 77. 1853.

J Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: pl. 3. VI. f. 17. 1843.

380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Nitzschia smithii Ralis in Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 781. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 177: 84. 1880. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 564. 1862,
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 521. 1892. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 61. f. 4. 1881.

Pritchardia smithii Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 163. 1864.

Nitzschia spectabilis W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 39. pl. 14. f. 116. 1853 (not
Ehrenb.).

Nitzschia insignis marginifera Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17?:
84. pl. 6. f. 105. 1880?

Ralis changed William Smith’s name N. spectabilis to N. smithii because of the
N. spectabilis of Ehrenberg. There is no difference between this and N. insignis, the
sigmoid shape of the frustules in N. smithii being a vanishing quantity in many cases
and of no specific importance when present. As Grunow saw only the zonal view of
the last-named synonym above, it remains doubtful whether it was this or N. scalaris
(Ehrenb.) W. Smith. H. L. Smith’s type referred to above is misnamed, being a true
N. sealaris and identical with his type no. 365, except that it is a little smaller. The
two species which Van Heurck considers as possible varieties of N. insignis,4 namely,
N. adriatica Grun.,® and N. (adriatica var. ?) spathulifera Grun.¢ are rather varieties of
N. sealaris. It is more difficult to include with N. scalaris N. (insignis var. ?) nota-
bilis Grun., which Grunow? makes an unquestioned variety of the present species.
It is certain it does not belong here.

Found at station 2823, Gulf of California.

Nitzschia panduriformis Greg. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 529. pl. 14. f. 102. 1857.
Van Heur. Synop. 172. pl. 58. f. 1-4 (f. 5-6 doubtful). 1881. Cleve, Bih. Sy.
Vet. Akad. Handl. 1'': 12. 1873. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17*: 71.
(pl. 5. f. 92 ?). 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 501. 1892. Van Heur. Treat. Diat.
386. pl. 15. f. 500. 1896. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 44. f. 3-4, 9. 1890. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 780. 1861.

Tryblionella lata Witt, Journ. Mus. Godef. 1: 66. pl. 8. f. 6.1873. Lagers. Bih. Sy.

Vet. Akad. Handl. 3": 27. pl. 1. f. 2. 1876.

Nitzschia lata Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5°: 12. 1878.

Witt’s 7. lata is a very much more finely marked variety than the type, other-
wise quite typical; the form of it which Lagerstedt calls ‘‘var. elegans” stands mid-
way between it and the type. His superb figure is, like all his figures in the same
work, a good approach to the ideal in depicting the diatoms. The N. panduriformis
nicobarica Grun.@ does not belong to this species, but is a form of his N. littoral,
which in turn is a variety of N. tryblionella Hantzsch. There is some doubt with
regard to the two forms of Van Heurck’s cited above, which also correspond to Cleve’s
figure, their entire lack of the hyaline area, the so-called ‘‘suleus,’’ making them
questionable. Van Heurcké drops them out from the above category.

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2823, 2835, 3008H, Galapagos Islands to Gulf of Cali-
fornia and Hawaiian Islands.

Nitzschia plana W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 42. pl. 15. f. 114. 1853. Van Heur.
Synop. pl. 58. f. 10-11. 1881; Treat. Diat. 387. pl. 15. f. 503. 1896. De Toni, Syll.
Alg. 2: 503.1892. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 153. 1864. Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 177: 72. 1880 (not H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 363. 1874).

Nitzschia marginulata didyma Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17°:

72. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 58. f. 14.1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 504. 1892.

aVan Heur. Synop. pl. 61. f. 2, 3. 1881.

bSv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 17°: 84. 1880.

¢ Op. cit. 85.

d Fenzl, Reise Novara Bot. 1: 97. pl. 1A. f. 4. 1870.
éTreat. Diat. 1896.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 381

It is probable that the other forms of Grunow’s N. marginulata also belong to this
species. He says, regarding its relation to N. plana, * Aehnlich, aber mit breiterem,
stets bis zu den Schaalenenden reichendem fast ganz glattem Mittelraume.” The
specimen found by me has the characteristics of both; it has the practically hyaline
central space of Grunow’s form instead of the irregularly punctate space of Smith's
type, but, as in the latter, stopping short of the apices instead of extending to these,
as Grunow points out. There is, therefore, no doubt of this variety of N. marginulata
being the same species as N. plana; and, as already suggested, it might be well to
add the other varieties also. H. L. Smith’s type no. 363 is misnamed. It is a small
variety of N. dubia W. Smith as figured by that author and as shown in H. L. Smith’s
type no. 341.

Found at station 2823, Gulf of California.

Nitzschia punctata (W. Smith) Grun. in Cleve & Grun. Sy. Vet. Akad. Hand]. 17°:
68. 1880. Van Heur. Synop. 171. pl. 57. f. 2-3. 1881; Treat Diat. 384. f. 125,
pl. 15. f. 491-492. 1896. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 496 1892 (not Bail.).

Tryblionella punctata W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 36. pl. 10. f. 76a’ (not f. 76a),

pl. 30. f. 261. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 148. 1864.

The specimens found by me have markings nearly as coarse as those of NV. granulata
Grun.;@ they, however, have the decided marginal loculi on the dorsal side of the
valve and are clearly in all respects coarsely marked examples of N. punctata. The
diatom given this name by L. W. Bailey® is N. brightwellii Kitton and has no relation
with the above.

Found at station 3698, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Nitzschia scabra Cleve in Nordensk. Vega Exped. 8: 480. pl 38. /. 73a-b. 1883.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 532. 1892.

My specimen agrees with the above perfectly, except that the puncta are set wider
apart. It has the peculiar ‘‘shagreen-like appearance” referred to by Cleve. It is
0.183 mm. long. I do not favor uniting this with N. sigma W. Smith, although Cleve
brackets that name with a question mark.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Nitzschia sigma (Kititz.) W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 39. pl. 13. f. 108. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 781. pl. 4. f. 21. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 156. 1864. Grun.
Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 2: 681, 1879. Brun, Diat. Alp. 105. pl. 5. f. 24. 1880. H. L.
Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 367. 1874. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 65. f. 7-8, pl. 66. f.
1-9. 1881; Treat. Diat. 396. pl. 16. f. 531-535. 1896. Cleve in Nordensk. Vega
Exped. 3: 480, 506. 1883. Lewis, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 71. 1862. De Toni,
Syll. Alg. 2: 530. 1892.

Synedra ? sigma Kitz. Bacill. 67. pl. 30. f. 14. 1844?

Amphipleura rigida Kiitz. Bacill. 104. pl. 4. f. 30. 1844?

Amphipleura sigmoidea W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 45. pl. 15. f. 128. 1851
(not N. sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Smith).

Nitzschia anguillula Schum. Schrift. Phys. Okon. Ges. Konigsb. 5: 53. pl. 1. f. 12.
1867:

N. sigma anguillula Grun. in Schneider, Beitr. Kennt. Kauk. 119. 1878.

Nitzschia sigmoidea H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 369. 1874.

Nitzschia habirshawti Feb.; H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 346. 1874.

N. sigma habirshawvi Van Heur. Synop. pl. 66. /. 4. 1881.

Nitzschia (sigma var. ?) valida Cleve & Grun. Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5%: 12.
pl. 3. f. 19. 1878. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 65. f. 4-5. 1881. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
532. 1892.

a Toc. cit.
6 Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 344. pl. 8. f. 76. 1862.

382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Nitzschia (sigma var. ?) major Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 65. f. 6. 1881.
Nitzschia (sigma var. ?) latiuscula Grun.; Van Heur. Synop. pl. 65. f. 3. 1881.

I leave out of the above list Navicula lamprocampa Ehrenb.,@ here included by
De Toni,® and Nitzschia clausii Hantzsche placed here by Grunow.¢ H. L. Smith,
by changing Amphipleura sigmoidea W. Smith, to Nitzschia sigmoidea has confused
it with the real Nitzschia sigmoidea W. Smith,e a diatom that can not be included
here. Regarding NN. sigmatella Greg./ I can see no reason for including it here, as is
done by De Toni and others. There can be no doubt of the N. sigma sigmatella
Grun.,g included above, which is a quite different diatom.

Found at station 3712H, about 100 miles off Oregon.

SPHINCTOCYSTIS Hass.

Sphinctocystis Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 1: 436. pl. 102. f. 38. 1845.

Frustulia C. Ag. in part; Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 554. 1833.

Navicula Bory, in part; Ehrenb. Infus. 185. pl. 73. f. 22. 1838.

Denticula Kiitz. in part; Bacill. 44. pl. 3. f. 60. 1844.

Surirella Turp. in part; Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 15A. f. 50-51. 1854.

Cymatopleura W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Il. 7: 12. pt. 3. f. 8-9. 1851;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 36. pl. 10. f. 78-81. 1853. H. L. Smith, The Lens 1: 85.
1872. Ralfs, Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 793. 1861. Van Heur. Synop. 167. 1881;
Treat. Diat. 366. /. 779. 1896. Brun, Diat. Alp. 96. 1880. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
598. 1892.

Although this genus shows close relation to Surirella Turp., and even closer to the
forms of Nitzschia Hass., which were formerly included in Tryblionella W. Smith,
its distinctness is generally conceded.’

The older name of Hassall is here restored. Smith, in rejecting this name, says:
‘T should have been glad to have adopted Mr. Hassall’s genus ‘Sphinctocystis,’ “but
as this term refers merely to a peculiarity in the external form of one species, I am
obliged to reject it.’’ If the failure of a name to be accurately descriptive were
valid cause for its rejection, Smith’s substitution would also have to go. ;
Sphinctocystis librile (Ehrenb.) Hass. Hist. Brit. Alg. 1: 436. pl. 102. f. 3. 1845.

Navicula librile Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1831: 81. 1833; 1833: 267.
1835; Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1836: 53. 1837; Infus. 185. pl. 73. f. 22. 1858.

Frustulia quinquepunctata Kiitz. Linnaea 8: 554. pl. 14. f. 28. 1833.

Surirella solea Breb. in Breb. & God. Consid. 17. 1838. Kiitz. Bacill. 60. pl. 3. f.
61. 1844. Rabh. Sussw. Diat. 28. pl. 3. f. 7b-c. 1853. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 34. 1844.
Weisse, Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 4: 660. pl. 7. /. 18. 1865.

Surirella librile Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 6. I. f. 19, pl. 14. f. 58. 1854.

Cymatopleura solea W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. I]. 7: 12. pl. 3. f. 8-9. 1851;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 36. pl. 10. f. 78. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 793. pl. 9.
f. 155 (figure poor), pl. 16. f. 9. 1861" Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 60. 1864. Grun,
Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 466. 1862. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 114.

1874. Brun, Diat. Alp. 97. pl. 7. f. 10. 1880. Cleve & MOll. type no. 226-227.

Van Heur. Synop. pl. 55. f..5-7. 1881; Treat. Diat. 367. pl. 12. f. 482b. 1896.

@ Kiitz. Bacill. 102. pl. 4. f. 5. 1844.
b De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 530. 1892.
¢ Hedwigia 2: 40. 1860. ¥

dJourn. Roy. Micr. Soc. 2: 22. 1879.

eW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 38. pl. 13. f. 104. 1853.

/ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 3: 38. pl. 4. f. 2. 1855.

g Van Heur. Synop. pl. 66. f. 6. 1881. :
h See remarks under Cymatopleura by W. Smith, and by Rallis in the above citations.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 383
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 599. 1892. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 227. pl. 16.

f. 28. 1883. Wolle Diat. N. A. pl. 60. f. 1-4, 13. 1890.

Cymatopleura apiculata W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 37. pl. 10. f. 79. 1853.
Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 60. f. 9,12. 1890. Belloc, Rev. de Comm. 3: 52. pl. 1 Pe F 20.
1887.

Hassall’s writing of the species name as S. librilis is erroneous. He evidently
assumed that Ehrenberg had used the wrong gender of the Latin adjective in his
Navicula librile, and as Sphinctocystis is feminine, he wrote S. librilis. But Ehren-
berg used the noun /ibrile, meaning a scale-beam, because of the long, notched appear-
ance of this species when seen from the zonal side. Kiitzing’s F. guinguepunctata
is a practically indefinable form as figured and described by him, but as he refers to
it under Surirelia solea as the same thing, I include it in the synonymy.

Found at station 2885, off Oregon.

Sphinctocystis undulata (Ehrenb.) Mann.
Navicula ? undulata Ehrenb. Infus. 187. pl. 21. f. 16. 1838.
Survrella oophaena Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 136. pl. 3. V.f. 7.
1843.

Denticula undulata Kiitz. Bacill. 44. pl. 3. f. 60. 1844.

Surirelia elliptica Breb.; Kiitz. Bacill. 61. pl. 28. f. 28. 1844.

Surirella undulata Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1847: 442. 1849; Mikrog.
pl. 14. f. 39, pl. $3. I. f. 111, pl. 385A. VII. f. 25-26, pl. 37. I. f. 25. 1854.

Surirella ovum Naeg.; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 889. 1849.

Cymatopleura hibernica W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 7: 13. pl. 3. f. 12. 1851;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 37. pl. 10. f. 81. 1851. Van Heur. Synop. pl. 55. f. 3-4.
1881. H. L. Smith, Sp: Diat. Typ. no. 113. 1874. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 61.
1864. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 600. 1892.

| Cymatopleura elliptuca W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 7: 13. pl. 3. f. 10-11.
1851; Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 37. pl. 10. f. 80a—c. 1853. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1:
89. 1864. Van Heur. Synop. 168. pl. 53. f. 1-4. 1881; Treat. Diat. 367. pl. 72.
f. 480b-481b, pl. 51. f. 863. 1896. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 793. pl. 9. f. 149,
pl. 16. f. 7-8. 1861. Brun, Diat. Alp. 96. pl. 7. f. 8, pl. 9.f. 15. 1880. Grun. Verh.
| Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 463. pe. 11. f. 13. 1862. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ.
no. 112. 1874. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 598. 1892. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed.
| 4. 227. pl. 16. f. 24 1883. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 60. f. 5-7. 1890. Cleve & Moll.
type no. 2, 4, 11-12.
Surirella undata Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 833A. I. f. 20, 21, 21*. 1854.
Surirella plicata Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 15 A. f. 50. f. 51a-b. 1854. Weisse, Mel. Biol.
Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 5: 107. pl. 1. f. 10. 1865.
Cymatopleura nobilis Hantzsch, Hedwigia 2: 36. pl. 6. f. 6. 1860.
Cymatopleura hibernica rhombica Chase; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 601. 1892.
This long list of synonyms might be increased by Cymatopleura angulata Grey.
It stands midway between this and the former species S. librile, the form variety of
the latter called C. apiculata being very close to it.
Found at station 4505H, near Santa Cruz light-house, Monterey Bay, Cal.

SURIRELLA Turp.

Surirella Turp. Mem. Mus. Paris 16: 361. pl. 15. f. 1-7, 9-10, 14. 1828 (exclusive
of the other figures). Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 9, 51. f. 72. 1864. Pritch. Hist.
Infus. ed. 4. 794. 1861. W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 30. pl. 8-9. 1853. Van
Heur. Synop. 186. pl. 71-74. 1881; Treat. Diat. 368. f. 120. pl. 12-13. 1896. Brun,
Diat. Alp. 97. 1880. Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 59. pl. 10. 1886.

—

@7Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 10: 89, pl. 9. f. 1. 1862.

384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Survaya Turp. Hanst. Bot. Abhand. 2: 107. 1871. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 567. 1892.

Novila Heib. Krit. Overs. Danske Diat. 24. 1863. Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 1'': 11. 1873.

Stenopterobia Breb.; Grun. in Cleve, Ofv. Kgl. Vet. Akad. 38": 7. 1882. Méll.
type nos. 2, 5, 15, as subgenus.

Plagiodiscus Grun. Mo. Micr. Journ. 18: 172. pl. 194. f. 8-9a-b. 1877 (ef. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 56. f. 1. 1877).

Navicula Bory, in part Ehrenb. Infus. 186. pl. 14. f. 1-2. pl. 21. f. 15. 1838.

Nitzschia Hass. in part; Kiitz. Bacill. 60. pl. 3. f. 46. 1844.

Coeconeis Ehrenb. in part; Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 456. pl. 9. f. 10.
S62.

William Smith in discussing the relations of this genus, considers it to be close to
those robust forms of Nitzschia which he calls Tryblionella; its nearer affinity is,
however, Campylodiscus Ehrenb., from which it differs simply in the circular outline
and uniform saddle shape of the latter. These differences are so constant that an
unnecessary loss to classification would result from uniting the two genera. The
nearest approach to an intermediate form is to be found in Surirella spiralis Kiitz.
(Campylodiscus spiralis Kitz.) W. Smith ¢). The genus has a more remote resem-
blance to Sphinctocystis Hass. (Cymatopleura W. Smith), but except in a few forms
no confusion can arise between the two.

The separation of the greatly elongated forms into the genus Stenopterobia of the
kidney-shaped sports into the genus Plagiodiscus and of the forms showing a wedge-
shaped appearance from the zonal side into the genus Novilla are utterly useless
distinctions. The attempt of Pfitzer and De Toni to change the name into Suriraya
so as to make it fit better the name of the French physician, Doctor Suriray, in whose
honor Turpin formed the name, is inexcusable, as Turpin had a right to call his genus
whatever name be wished.

Surirella bifrons Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 388. pl. 3. V.f. 4,
pl. 4. III. f. 1. 1843; Mikrog. pl. 14. f. 86, pl. 15, A. f. 46. B.f. 17 (oh Tia
and pl. 7. III. A. f. 17-20 are indeterminate). 1854. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 22. f. 5.
10-12, pl. 22. f. 6 (unnamed), pl. 23. f. 1-2. 1875; pl. 245. f. 8-10. 1904. Griff. &
Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 4. 746. pl. 17. f. 22. 1883. Kiitz. Pacill. 61. pl. 7. f. 10, pl.
28. f. 29. 1844. Rabh. Siissw. Diat. 29. pl. 3. f. 27. 1853.

Navicula bifrons Ehrenb. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1832: 259. 1834. Ber.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1836: 53. 1837; Infus. 186. pl. 14. f. 2. 1838.

Surirella biscriata Breb. Consid. Diat. 53. pl. 7. 1838. Hass. Hist. Brit. Algae 438.
pl. 102. f. 1. 1845. W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 7: 8. pl. 2. f. 1. 1851;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 30. pl. 8. f. 57. 1853. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien
12: 454. pl. 10. f. 7. 1862. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 9, 53. f. 12b-c. 1864. Pritch.
Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 794. pl. 16. f. 20-26. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 22. f. 13-14.
1875. H. L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 514. 1874. Brun, Diat. Alp. 99. pl. 2. f. 8
(not f. 9), pl. 9. f. 17. 1880. Belloc, Rev. de Comm. 8: 52. pl. 3. f. 21. 1887.
Van Heur. Synop. 186. pl. 72. f. 1-3. 1881; Treat. Diat. 368-369. f. 120, pl. 12.
f. 575. 1896.

Suriraya biseriata Breb.; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 567. 1892.

Kiitzing, Griffith and Henfrey, and Rabenhorst have rightly united S. bifrons and

S. biseriata under the former name. Most authors give preference to Brebisson’s

name, though nearly all except Schmidt in his Atlas recognize that the two are synony-

mous. Ehrenberg’s name, accompanied by a clear diagnosis, is prior to that of Breb-

isson. Itis found in the volume of the Abhandlungen for 1833, which is dated 1835;

but on the fascicle in which it occurs is printed, ‘‘Gelesen in der Akademie der

Wissenschaft am 2 Juli 1832, revidirt und mit einigen Zusiitzen gedruckt im Mai 1834.”
Found at station 3607, Bering Sea.

aW. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 29. pl. 7. f. 54.

he.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES, 385

Surirella fastuosa Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 214. 1841; Phys. Abh.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 388. pl. 2. IV. f.7. VI. f. 14, pl. 3. VII. f. 11-12. 1843.
Kiitz. Bacill. 62. pl. 28. f. 19a-d. 1844. W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 7:
10. pl. 3. f. 3. 1851; Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 32. pl. 9. f. 66. 1853. Greg. Quart.
Journ. Micr. Sci. 3: 40. pl. 4. f. 12. 1855. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 5. f. 12, pl. 43.f. 1.
1890. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.797. 1861. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1:58. 1864. Jan.
& Rabh. in Rabh. Beitr. 1: 13. pl. 1. f. 15. 1863. Jan. Abh. Schles. Ges.
Vaterl. Cult. 18627: 14. pl. 7A. f. 37. 1862. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien
12: 461. pl. 9. f. 11 (f. 12 doubtful). 1862. Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 10:
18. pl. 3. f. 1. 1862. Van Heur. Synop. 188. pl. 73. f. 18. 1881; Treat. Diat. 372.
pl. 18. f. 588-584. 1896. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 2: 71. 1889; 3: pl. 31. f. 450.
1898. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 4. f. 1-2, 8, pl. 5. f. 4, 7-15, pl. 19. f. 1, 8, 12, 13, pl.
20. f. 1.1875; pl. 56. f.7.1877; pl. 206. f. 1-11, 21.1897. Truan, Anal. Soc. Espan.
facet. Nat. 14: 76. pl. 5. f. 11-12. 1885. Wolle, Diat. N. A. pl. 55. f. 5 (not pl. 52.
f. 10). 1890.

Surirella lata W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 31. pl. 9. f. 67. 1853. Van Heur.
Synop. 188. pl. 72. f. 17. 1881. Rabh. Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 59. 1864. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 5. f. 1. 1874; Jahresb. Komm. Deut. Meere 2: pl. 3. f. 9 (3 fig.). 1874.

Surirella hohenackerii Rabh. Hedwigia 1: 103. pl. 13. f. 2. 1859.

Surirella cuneata Schmidt, Atlas pl. 4. f. 1-2. 1875.

Suriraya fastuosa Ehrenb.; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 582. 1892.

This diatom is one of the commonest of the genus; at the same time it is very vari-
able. In consequence of both facts it runs gradually into a number of other species,
so that the list of synonyms given above could be easily increased. I have confined
myself to evident cases of identity, as the specific lines here are most difficult to fix
with exactness.@

Found at stations 2807, 2808, 2823, 2923, 2929, 2635H, 3688H, Galapagos Islands to
central California and Okhotsk Sea.

Surirella formosa Cleve, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°: 17. pl. 4. f. 49. 1881.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 205. f. 8. 1897.

Suriraya formosa Cleve; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 584. 1892.

My specimens, which are exceedingly abundant in the one dredging mentioned,
differ from Cleve’s figure and description in some important particulars. The mark-
ings are much more elaborate than he indicates, which may have been due to inade-
quate material, as he says his form is ‘‘very rare.”’ The border of my specimens is
much narrower and more strongly ribbed and is without the beads. The branching
of the forked tips on the inner side of the row of processes with swollen ends is more
pronounced. There are other minor differences but not sufficient to indicate a new
species. The great points of resemblance are the swollen processes and the ring of
beads in the otherwise hyaline central area.

Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Surirella patens Schmidt, Atlas pl. 4. f. 16-17. 1875; pl. 56. f. 10-11. 1877. Jan.
Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 21. f. 28-29.
Suriraya patens Schmidt; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 597. 1892.
This diatom is of the S. fastuosa type, but hardly near enough to be united. To
the above references might be added the unnamed figures of Schmidt and Janisch.?
Found at station 2807, Galapagos Islands.

Surirella robusta Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 215. 1841; Mikrog. pl.
15A. f. 48; pl. 17, I. f. 14; I. f. 1a-b (pl. 11. f. 31 and pl. 16. III. f. 81 indetermi-
nate). 1854. Kiitz. Bacill.61. 1844. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 3.795. 1861. Schmidt,

a@Cf. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 4-5. 1875, for illustration of this difficulty.
b Schmidt, Atlas. pl. 56. f. 12. 1876. Jan. Diat. Gaz. Exped. pl. 21. f. 80.

386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Atlas pl. 22. f. 3-4. 1875. Van Heur. Synop. 187. pl. 71. f. 1, 2 (exclusive of
variety). 1881; Treat. Diat. 371. pl. 12. f. 577 (exclusive of variety). 1896.

Suriraya robusta Ehrenb.; De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 571. 1892.

Surirella nobilis W. Smith, Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 32. pl. 8. /. 63. 1858. Rabh.
Fl. Eur. Alg. 1: 55. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 795. 1861. Grun. Verh.
Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 456. 1862.

Surirella splendida W, Smith, in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. I]. 7: 9. pl. 2. f. 3. 1851 (not
J. 2; not Synop. Brit, Diat. 1: 32. pl. 8. f. 62. 1853; not Ehrenb.; not Kiitz.).

Surirella valida Schmidt, Atlas pl. 23. f. 8. 1875.

Van Heurck unites 8. splendida Ehrenb. with the above, and also S. tenera Greg.
Both of these I consider distinct, as do De Toni and others. Schmidt gives his name
valida, though expressing doubt of its not being a variety of S. robusta. Despite
his very assertive specific name, I think the doubt is well founded. It is the variety
most common in the following dredging.

Found at station 2871, off Washington.

CAMPYLODISCUS Ehrenb.

Campylodiscus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 207. 1841. Rahb. Fl. Bur.
Alg. 1: 45. 1864. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 798. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien 12: 431. 1862. Van Heur. Synop. 1'*: 189. 1881. Castr. Rep. Voy.
Chall. Bot. 2: 62.1886. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 603.1892. Eng. & Pr. Pfilanzenfam.
1'>: 146. f. 267. 1896. .

Coronia Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 206. 1841, as subgenus.

Calodiscus Rabh. Siissw. Diat. 12. pl. 3. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed, 4. 802. pl. 8.
Sf. 50. 1861.

Surirella Turp. in part; Brun, Diat. Alp. 101. pl. 1. f. 16-17. 1880.

Campylodiscus concinnus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 30. pl. 1. f. 2. 1860.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 18. f. 16-17. 1875; pl. 53.f. 9. 1877. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
800. 1861.

Campylodiscus marginatus Johnst. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 8: 13. pl. 1. f. 11. 1860.
Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 30. pl. 1. f. 2. 1860. Moeb. Diat.-taf.
pl. 30. f. 2. 1890 (not Ehrenb. 1845).

Campylodiscus impertalis Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 30. pl. 1. f. 3.
1860 (2). |

Campylodiscus lineatus Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 18. f. 18. 1875.

Campylodiscus samoensis Grun.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 15. f. 18-20. 1875.

Campylodiscus crebrecostatus Grey. err. det. Eulen.; Schmidt, Atlas pl. 15. f. 16-17.
1875.

My specimen agrees perfectly with the figures by Schmidt, named by Eulenstein —
“(. erebrecostatus Grev.’’ This identification is false, as can be seen by comparing
with Greville’s original figure and description.¢ Greville recognizes the probability
of this species being identical with Johnston’s C. marginatus, and he so names it in
his illustration. The identity is a fact, but Johnston’s name is inadmissible, having —
been preempted by Ehrenberg? for a quite different species. I am not satisfied
with making the above species synonymous with C. imperialis Grev., as is done by
De Toni.¢ Greville’s figure and description show marked differences, especially in
the border. But whether synonymous or not, De Toni’s selection of the name imper-
ialis is wrong, as both the above name and that of Johnston hold priority. De To

4

aTrans. Micr. RE pes | age ‘na: 14. pl. 1. f. 6. 1863; alas Mont: Diat.-taf. pl. 49
f. 6. 1890.

b Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 362. 1846.

¢ De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 609. 1892.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 387

also includes C. radiatus Leud.-Fort.,¢ a diatom that does not in the least resemble

this species.

Found at station 2923, off southern California.

Campylodiscus ecclesianus (irev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sei. 5: 10. pl. 3. f. 5. 1857.
Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 801. 1861. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 16. f. 8-11, pl. 17. f. 16.
1875; pl. 208. f. 3. 1897; also pl. 16./. 8,5 (unnamed). 1875. Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl.
11: f. 5. 1890. ree Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 40. pl. 3. f. 26. 1886; 2: 71. 1889.
De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 623. 1894.

Campylodiscus fe aps hes Grev. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 5: 9. pl. 3./f. 4 fag 4
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 11. f. 4. 1890. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12:
1862. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 801. 1861.

Campylodiscus rabenhorstii Jan. in Rabh. Beitr. 1: 6. pl. 1. f. 6-7. 1863. . Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 53. f. 12-14. 1877. Grun. Verh. Zool. as Ges. Wien 12: 435. 1862.

Campylodiscus weiss flogi Deby: Fricke, Verzeich. 23. 1902.

Campylodiscus taenoides Deby; Fricke, Verzeich. 23. 1902.

Although specimen: of this species do show something like the “four-square win-
dows’’ mentioned by Greville in his description of C. fenestratus,® it is difficult to
believe that Greville was misled by an illusion of two superposed valves and gave a
name to that illusion when he had both forms before him; especially as he describes
the border of C. fenestratus so differently from that of C. ecclesianus, and that, too,
in a way that could not result from two superposed valves. For in C. fenestratus it
is of narrow continuous costae, while C. ecclesianus has a strong double row: How-
ever ingenious this deduction of Greville’s mistake is, I am not at all certain it is
correct. I have, therefore, left the name as above, whereas if the two be actually
synonymous the first-mentioned name, C. fenestratus, should be used.

The form found by me has the lines of the central area so very faint. that they are
practically invisible; a variation somewhat lke that shown in another figure by
Schmidt. ¢

Found at station 4516H, Gulf of California.

Campylodiscus galapagensis, Mann, sp. nov. PuaTeE LI, FIGURE 3.

Frustule comparatively flat, the double bend of the valves, characteristic of the
genus, being considerably below the average; rim divided into compartments by
very thin cross septa formed by continuations of the sides of the costae, the costae
making a double ring within the rim; the compartments of the rim thus being of the
same width as, and continuous with, the costae; each compartment ornamented witha
stout process projecting inward from the outer margin or edge; within the rim or border
two rows of costae; outer row consisting of smooth, large costae, three times as long
as broad, their outer ends being slightly notched, their inner ends rounded; costae
of the second row continuous (not alternate) with those of the outer row and of about
the same length, partly cleft, however, or in some cases wholly divided longitudinally
by a thin median line, so that they appear to be double the number and half the
width of the costae of the outer row; central area large and marked, first, by a few
shadowy indistinct radiating lines, and, second, by a single row on each side of large
oval beads, irregularly placed, but generally parallel to the margin.

Diameter of valve, 0.19 mm.; width of costae at margin, 28 in 0.1 mm.

Type in the U.S. National Museum, No. 590155, from station 2807, Galapagos
Islands, April 4, 1888; 812 fathoms, bottom of Globigerina ooze and coral mud.

There is enough similarity between this and C. peramplus Cleve,¢ to note here
the poenutey ¢ of the two being the same; especially as Cleve’s form was also found

aMem. Sha Emu, ‘St. iieus 48. “ 5% z 57. 1879.
b Of. also Schmidt, Atlas pl. 16. f. 8. 1875

cOp. cit. pl. 17. f. 16.

@ Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 18°: 17. pl. 4. f. 58. 1881.

SSS CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

at the Galapagos Islands. If this be the case, my name must give way to Cleve’s.
But if his poor figure and meager description are to be trusted, the double row of
costae are not present and the ornamentation of the border is totally different. Cleve
remarks that his form is perhaps a variety of C. ecclesianus Grev., and refers to the
double row of alternating costae in the latter. It will be seen that the costae in my
form are not alternating and are of very different construction. They are also rela-
tively much stouter than Cleve’s, there being 28 in 0.1 mm. on a valve with a diam-
eter of 0.19 mm., whereas Cleve’s has 40 to 50 costae in 0.1 mm. on a valve with a
diameter of 0.12 to 0.16 mm. At any rate, this form needs to be accurately defined;
and I therefore figure and name it, subject to the foregoing remarks,

Campylodiscus horologium Williamson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IT. 1: 321. 1848. W.
Smith Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 28. pl. 6. f. 51. 1853. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4.
799. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 437. 1862. Schmidt, Atlas
pl. 17. f. 17. 1875; pl. 51. f. 7. 1877; pl. 207. f. 23-25. 1897. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 616. 1892.

Campylodiscus mediterraneus Grun.; Cleve & Mdll. type no. 154. 1878. Cf. also
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 17. f. 7. 1875.

Campylodiscus pfitzert Schmidt, Atlas pl. 17. f. 5-6. 1877.

Cam pylodiscus lepidus Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 63. pl. 11. f. 7. 1886.

Cam pylodiscus orbicularis Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: 64. pl. 16. f. 10. 1886.

Schmidt’s C. pfitzeri is a slightly more robust, but unimportant variety of the above.

Found at station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan.

Campylodiscus kinkeri Schmidt, Atlas pl. 207. f. 16. 1897.

This species is closely related to C. triumphans Schmidt,@ and C. brightwellii Grun. ;>
but these two, together with several other named forms, are certainly varieties of C.
undulatus Grev.¢ In the case, however, of C. kinkeri there is a massiveness in the
large double row of costae and a distinctness in the border which lead me tenta-
tively to classify my specimen as above, the agreement with Schmidt's figure being
exact.

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

A similar form from station 3696 corresponds exactly to C. erosus Castr.,@ but both
that and my form are inner or eroded valves of some of the foregoing.

Campylodiscus latus Shadb. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 2: 16. pl. 1. f. 13. 1854.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 3.f. 13.1890. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 436. 1862.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 18. f. 21-22. 1875; pl. 207. f. 6-11. 1897. De Toni, Syll. Alg.
2: 617. 1892. .

Campylodiscus ambiguus Grey. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. n. s. 8: 31. pl. 1. f. 5. 1860.
Moeb. Diat.-taf. pl. 30. f. 5.1890. Schmidt, Atlas pl. 18. f. 23-26. 1875; pl. 51.f.
14.1897. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 801. 1861.

Campylodiscus contiguus Schmidt, Atlas pl. 18. f. 19-20. 1875.

_ Campylodiscus aemulus Schmidt, Atlas pl. 207. f. 12. 1897.

The specific identity of the above four forms is unquestionable. I do not, however,
see the necessity of adding to this list C. centralis Greg.¢ or the long and dissimilar list
by Leuduger-Fortmorel / which De Tonig looks upon as also synonymous. It may
be that an examination of the diatoms themselves would show such identity in some

aSchmidt, Atlas pl. 15. f. 4, 5. 1877.

b Schmidt, Atlas pl. 15. f. 6, 7. 1877.

¢ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 11: 229. pl. 9. f. 4. 1863.

@ Castr. Rep. Voy. Chall. Bot. 2: pl. 11. f. 5. 1886.

€ Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 21: 501. pl. 11. f. 51. 1857.
J Mem. Soc. Emul. St. Brieuc 44-46. 1879.

gSyll. Alg. 2: 617. 1892.

MANN—DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES. 389

of these forms, for Leuduger-Fortmorel’s drawings in this work are not very accurate;
but the drawings, judged in the light of the descriptions, are certainly not all of one
species, and, so faras it is possible to make out, none of them belong here,

Found at station 2920H, Hawaiian Islands.

Campylodiscus noricus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1840: 205. 1841; 1845:
154. 1846. Rabh. Hedwigia 1: 52. pl. 9. f. 2. 1854. Kiitz. Bacill. 59. 1844.
ed. 3. 799. 1861. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 438. pl. 10. f. 4, 5. 1862.
Schmidt, Atlas pl. 55. f. 8.1877. H.L. Smith, Sp. Diat. Typ. no. 64.1874. Van
Heur. Synop. pl. 77. f. 4-6. 1881. Strose, Bacillanienlager 13. pl. 1. f. 30.
1884. Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 14. f. 215. 1893. De Toni, Syll. Alg. 2:
627. 1892.

Campylodiscus hibernicus Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1845: 154. 1846; Mikrog.
pl. 15A. f. 9. 1854. Pritch. Hist. Infus. ed. 4. 799. pl. 4. f. 88. 1861. Schmidt,
Atlas pl. 55. f. 9-16. 1877. Van. Heur. Synop. 190. pl. 77. f. 3. 1881. Grun.
Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 439. 1862.

Campylodiscus costatus W. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. I]. 7: 6. pl. 1. f. 1. 1851;
Synop. Brit. Diat. 1: 29. pl. 6. f. 52. 1853. Griff. & Henf. Micr. Dict. ed. 3.
pl. 12. f. 16. 1875. Grun. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 12: 439. pl. 10. f. 6. 1862.
Hedwigia 2: 29. pl. 5. f. 1-2. 1860.

Surtrella norica Kiitz.; Brun. Diat. Alp. 101. pl. 1. f. 16-17; pl. 9. f. 30. 1880.

Grunow@ claims that C. noricus Ehrenb. can be provisionally held separate from

C. hibernicus Ehrenb. because of its more numerous and more delicate ribs. This is
hardly to be conceded. On the same basis the specimens I have found could be
constituted a separate species. They correspond closely to Pantocsek’s figure? in
having the costae delicately striated with soit, wavy lines, broad at the margin and
narrowing to a thread at the center; and especially in all reaching the center, so that
the central hyaline space, like an obscure square, is obliterated.

Found at station 3635H, Bering Sea.

Campylodiscus taeniatus Schmidt, Atlas pl. 16. f. 2. 1875; pl. 41. f. 1. 1877. De

Toni, Syll. Alg. 2: 623. 1892.

Two varieties, even more contrasted than those figured by Sehmidt, were found by
me; the first without a prominent row of beads bordering the inner line of the first
ring of costae, from station 3698, and the second with such a row, two beads to each
costa, from station 2920H.

Found at stations 3698 and 2920H, off Honshu Island, Japan, and Hawaiian Islands.

XANTHIOPYAXIS Ehrenb.

Xanthiopyxis Ehrenb. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1844: 273. 1845; Mikrog. pl. 33..X VII.
f. 17. 1854.

As was stated under Chaetoceros, this genus is invalid, being made up principally,
if not wholly, of internal cases from the frustules of Chaetoceros. It is placed here
merely to enable the reader to trace the following widely figured form, as it occurs
abundantly in the hydrographic soundings mentioned.

Xanthiopyxis oblonga Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 33. X VII. f. 17. 1854. Cleve, Journ.
Quek. Micr. Club II. 2: 175. pl. 13. f. 18. 1885.

Lithostylidium hirtum Ehrenb. Mikrog. pl. 34. VII. f. 15. 1854.

Xanthiopyxis panduriformis Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 1: 43. pl. 29. f. 7. 1886.

Found at station 4029H, Bering Sea.

@Schmidt, Atlas pl. 55. f. 9-16. 1877.
5 Pant. Beitr. Bacill. Ung. 3: pl. 14. f. 215. 1893.

390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

DATA OF THE STATIONS AT WHICH DIATOMS WERE COLLECTED
BY THE ALBATROSS.

HYDROGRAPHIC STATIONS.

Al] stations marked **H’’ are hydrographic soundings; all others are regular
dredging and trawling stations. For complete list of stations to 1900 with data see
Report of the U. 8. Comm. Fish. 1900: 387-562. 1901.

Use is made of the following abbreviations of terms expressing characters of
bottoms, with a few names of instruments:

ae black ES green. SD. icane ks
eye brown PY. 22. 0 gray. VOL. volcanic
Sy eee ee broken. inv. eS. 25 lava. Wii. cha white.
1 ee blue. ey Set light. ee vellow.
Giese. clay ee mud. LL. B: Potaeee large beam trawl.
"Cpe coral. : OAR. ooze. &..B. Ree small beam trawl.
Lee coarse. ee pebbles. 8 Tur. -.... Sfoot Tanner beam
Gk. is dark. PALS... Cc. particles. trawl.
i aes ee fine BR * rock. B.D. 2a rake dredge
ae ae gravel. 8..... sand.
gpD ou. globigerina. "| eee eae shells.
| $£| 2 |
pee’ Date. Locality. eo ES a Kind of bot- Remarks.
s | 3 eB Se 1 tom.
3a) of 2
Ete tel
Lat. N. | Long. W.
1895. a wee cad SOE bec
2287H | May 23 54 23 45 | 166 38 30 | 43 | 38.2 B20) 1 Te SO dows ae Bering Sea
|
1890.
2604H | Sept. 25 391210 123 50 50) 54 49.4 6} gam :...54.: Off west coast United
States.
1891. .
2680H | Oct. 11 | 36 44 40 | 122 09 30] 55 | 37.0 864 | br. m.8...-...- Cable survey, California to
Hawaiian Islands and re-
| turn.
2685H |....do....| 36 39 30 | 122 41 00 55 | 35.1 1, 424 | DE Tiere cose Do.
2686H |.... do....| 36.37 00 | 122 5400] 55) 35.0] 1,597 | br. m........- Do.
2687H | Oct. 12 36 35 00 | 123 06 00 55 | 35.0 1, 661 | Drrinics gecc ee Do
2688H |....do...| 36 32 30 | 123 1900] 54) 35.0 1907: | DY. TA Seven Do. -
269011 |....do... 36 28 00 | 123 4400| 54) 35.0] 2,061 | gy. oz......... Do
2691H |....do...| 36 25 30 | 124 02 50 56 | 34.8 | 2,112 TOs eiswees Do
269411 |....do...| 36 09 00 | 124 55 30 59 | 35.0 | 2,434) br. & gy. oz Do
2690511 |....do...| 36 03 00 | 125 13 00 | 57 | 35.0] 2,430 br. oz........2 Do.
269611 Oct. 13 35 58 00 125 3100) 57) 35.0 2,547. br. & gy. oz Do.
2698H |....do... 35 47 30 | 12605 00 | 62 | 35.0 | 2,566 | br. oz......... Do.
2767H | Oct. 23 | 36 47 10 | 122 07 55 58 44.8 202), Swe Be aoe Do.
2768H |....do...| 36 47 10 | 122 08 20| 58)|...... dio | BOW. Boo. a. Do.
2774H |. ...do...| 36 47 10! | \122°95 .50'| “S64... .- | 400") SG7an: Boot tae Do.
27760 |....do0...| 36 47 10 | 122 17°05 | 56 | 37.7 OO | 271.0. BS. -- ee Do.
AGH |.-..do_.41°36 46 10) D218 20 bf) ee G21.) @ia. WH Bae eas. Do.
284411 | Nov. 13 | 28 33 30 | 144 37 00} 71 /'|...... 2 Sal! | DP. OD se 8 ne Do
28481I | Nov. 14 28 12 20 | 145 1300] 72|...... 2128 | DEO... .aee Do
2851H |....do0...| 27 5400 | 145 45 30 | 72) 35.2 | 2, (ae 1 DEOOEsS. . saee Do
2913H | Nov. 20 | 22 11 00 | 156.09 00 | 77 | 35.4) 2,640 | br.m.....:-.. Do
2915H |....do..., 22 55 30 | 156 29 30| 77/...... | (SBR 4 eee eee Do
2916H |....do...; 21 47 30 156 39 00 | 77 | B.S | 2, 8781 D¥ritict ee aes Do.
2917H | Nov. 21 | 21 39 00 | 156 48 30 | 77 |...... 2,615 | br. m. fne. s...| Do.
2919H |....do...| 21 29 30 | 156 59 30 77 | 35.5 | 2,056 | br. m. fne. s Do.
2920H |....do...| 21 21:00 | 157 09 00 | 77 ee 570 | br. m. fne. s Do.
2021H |....do...| 21 19 00} 157 13 30) 77.}...... 347 br. m. fne. s Do.
2922H |....do...| 21 18 30 | 157 19 00 77 | 44.8 Oe ee Va Sees See Do.
2995H | Dec. 5/| 21 18 00 | 157 2900] 761]......] 308 fne. wh. s Do
2996H |....do...| 21 20 30 | 157 2500! 76]...... 407 | fne. gy. s...... Do
2998H |....do...| 21 26 00 | 157 1700 76|...... 508 | fne. BY. s...... Do
2000H |....do...| 21:27 00 | 1bf-16-00 | ve ie 549 | fne. gy. s...... Do
3000H |....do....| 21 29 30.| 157 12,.00.| 761.....- 1,557 | gy. m. fne. s Do
3001H |....do....| 21 32 30 | 157 08 00 74 | 35.0 | 11,792 | gy. m. fne. s Do
3007H | Dec. 12 | 21 20 00) 157 19 00| 74}...... $23 | Ine. gy. 8.....- Do
3008H |....do....| 21 23 00 | 157 1430| 74]...... 547 | gy. m. fne. s... Do
3009H |....do....| 21 24 00 | 157 12 00 | 74}...... 603 | gy. m. fne. s... Do.
3010H |....do....| 21 25 00 | 157 1000 | 74]| 36.0} 11,116 | gy. m. fne. s... Do.
3012H |....do...| 21 28 30 157 04 00 LLB eee | 2,067 | br. m. fne. s... Do.
3013H |....do...| 21 32 30.| 156.54 00.| 73 |-35.0 | 31,807 | br. m. 83....-. Do.
3016HL |....do.:.| 21 41:00 | 156'32 20 | 73}... | 2,966 | br. m. fne- 8... Do.
3018H | Dec. 13) 21 56 00 | 155 57 30| 74/...... 2°915 | br. oz......... Do
1892.
3190H Jan. 14° 35 42 00 124 33 30) 59 | 34.0 | 92,312 br. & gy. oz... Do.
3191H | Jan. 15 | 35 47 30 124 21 30 | 5Al...... 2,223 | br. & gy. oz... Do.
3192H |.... do...| 35 53 00 | 12409 30! 54]...... 2,149 | br. & gy. oz... Do.

MANN—DIATOMS OF

THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES,

Hydrographic stations—Continued.

Sta- | Date. | Locality. Zé
tion. | Dat | ) $2
| 56
D
| |
Lat. N. | Long. W. |
1892. ° , ” ° , ” oF
3193H | Jan. 15 35 58 30) 123 57 30 54
lost |: - do... 360400 123 4600 55
3195H ....do... 36 09 30 123 3400 54
3196H |....do...| 36 15 00 | 123 22 00 52
3198H --do...| 36 25 00 | 123 00 00 52
3199H |....do...)| 36 29 30 | 122 50 30| 52
3200H |..-- do...| 36 34.00 122 41 00 5
3201H |....do...) 36 38 00 | 122 3100) 5
3202H. peu. 36 40 00 | 122 2600 52
| 1893.
3263H July 6, 51 00 00 | 176 04 00 4
3267H July 7) 5003 00 | 1743000. 49
3361H | Aug. 7) 580100 175 4100) 46
3399H Aug. 20) 5438 00/ 1752700 49
|} 1895. |
3565H July 6 56 5600 1690600 44
} |
3668H |....do...) 57 35 00! 170 2400) 43
3569H ao. o7 41 00 | 170 39 00| 42
3571H |....do- 57 53 00 1710900 42
3604H Aug. 12 54 46.00 1692900 45
3635H Aug. 21 55 4400 | 168 4700) 45
|
; ee: ra
3663H Aug. 10 | 545100 163 4600 49
| 3666H |....do...| 54 32 30 161 58 30) 44
3669H | Aug. 21 48 43.00| 1513100 41
-3671H | Aug. 22) 48 32 00! 154 5500! 37
— 3683H Aug. 26 47 33:00 1520700 39
3684H |....do...| 47 36 00 | 151 4600) 53
-3687H Aug. 27 47 5000 149 4200 50
_—- 3688H |... do. | 47:55 30 | 148 56.0055
-3689H |....do... 48 01 30 148 1630) 55
-«- 3690H_|....do...| 48 08 00 | 147 3400) 56
3693H | Aug. 28 | 48 27 45 145 20 30 56
3694H |....do... 48 31 48 1445451 48
3699H | Sept. 3 47 20 30 1455400 56
3701H_=....do... 46 35 00 146 49 00) 55
3702H |....do... 461500 147 07 00| 55
3703H | Sept. 4 45 48 00 147 2200 54
3704H ....do... 45 4000 147 2800) 53
3705H ..do. 45 31 30 | 147 32 30| 54
3706H |....do... 45 23 00 147 39 30! 54
3712H | Sept. 6 45 2100 1462700 58
3714H | Sept. 7 45 25 00 | 145 02 00 | 57
!
1900. |
4013H | June 3. Inuboe Saki light, | 72
S.74° W.76 miles.
4014H ....do...| Inuboe Saki light, | 75
S.73° W. 96 miles.
4019H | June 24 Cape Kosloff, N.15°} 45
W. and Cape
Tschipunski, §&.
82° W., each about
72 miles.
40200H ....do...| SE. end Bering Is- | 47
land NE. and
Cape Kronotski
NW.., each about
108 miles.
4021H June 26 W.end Attulsland | 45
S. 90 miles.
4022H June 27 | 543100! 179 2100) 45
|
4231 .-do...| 54 31 00 | 179 3000 | 45
Wnstt ...20... 54 24 20 | 179 2400| 54
31715—voL 10, pT 5—O07

1

perature.

- Bottom tem-

“pl ¢

Www

DOS

Gy ar a aan Ge tas ene ie ne Baa 210 Oe

HAD DD GH Gr cr é
oCmoovowmovoocoorno

2

Depth.

Fms.
92, 169

2,107
1,974
1,895
1,725

141

1,804.

|

| Kind of bot-
tom.

bok ere

3

- M.

ion
| gy.

br.
Ds

m. fine. dk.

br.

- part....

WO Si. .

Zy. VOl,.4.... ..-

fne. yl. vol. s..
gn.m. fne. vol.
Ss

gn. m. vol. s.
wh. sp.
gn.m. fne. vol...
| 8.

Remarks.

Cable survey, California to
Hawaiian Islands and

Bering Sea, between Pribi-
lof and Commander is-
lands.

Do.
Bering Sea, between Pribi-
lof and Aleutian islands.

Between Bering Island

and Kamchatka.

: Do.
Along Kuril Chain.

Do.
Sea Okhotsk.
oO.

East coast Honshu Island.
“a
Oo.
Ca Tschipunski, Kam-

chatka, east across Be-
ring Sea.

Do.

ee ie ae

392

Sta-
tion.

402511

402711

4028H |...
4029H

443011
444211
444711
445701
447611
450211
4503 11
450411
45051

4506.

4507H |

4508H |.

451611
45170

4555H

4567H
4568H.
457111
45901.

The above stations, 4430 to 4590, represent material obtained during the California
Part of the material was destroyed by fire.
into my hands after the other work of this report had been tabulated and is therefore
In most instances the position is given by the true bearing of some

coast survey of 1904.

given separately.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Hydrographic stations—Continued,

Date, Locality.
TL
/
: Lat. N. | Long. W. |
wean, fe Eas es
June 27 | 54 18 00

urface tem-
perature.
Bottom tem-

perature.

°F.

179 1400 4537.2

..do...) 54 22 00 | 179 OS 00 | a BS ee
.do... 54 40 00 | nT? C6'OO)| "| ae
..-do...| 54 47 20 | 17908 00) 45/1......
Gull Inlet, S. coast Santa Cruz Island,
N. 4° E. 2.7’.
Point Pinos light-house 8. 67° W. 4.6’ dis-
tant.
Point Pinos light-house S. 21° W. 4.5’ dis-
tant.
Point Pinos light-house 8. 21° W. 6.1’ dis-
tant.
Point Pinos light-house 8. 22° W. 9.4’ dis-

tant.

Santa Cruz light-house N. 6
tant.

Santa Cruz light-house 8.
tant.

Santa Cruz light-house S. 8
tant.

Santa Cruz light-house N. 85° W
tant.

Santa Cruz light-house N. 81° W.

tant.
| Lat. 8. | Long. W. |
Nov. 12} 5 43 06| 81 43 a:
...do...| 5 46 05 |
Dec. 22 | 26 54 08
=. 2200... 26-3008
Point Pinos light-house S. 63° E.
tant.
| Lat. N. | Long. W.
Oct. 6 37 25 00 | 122 26 00
...do...| 36 45 00 | 122 02 00
Oct. 7 33 40 00
Oct. 13 | 18 50 00

*. 8.9’ dis-

”. 3.8" dis-

. 5.8" dis-

r. 4.6’ dis- |

6.9 dis-

Ole 20 ORt] Sto 2s eee
100016) 081 Sale odo,
Mp te Gi: acta = eend

shore object taken from the vessel.

TiO SD) OO! |e ee |
104 50 00 |.....)......

536

tom.
/

gy. m. fne. vol.
8.

ees te:
vol. 8. wh.

By-
BY-
Sp

Remarks.

Cane Tschipunski, Kam-
chatka, east across Be-
ring Sea.
Do.
Do.
Do.

The residue came

= COC

SS — =.)

Sta-

tion.

2807
2808

2823
2835

2844
2848
2851
2859
2860
2866
2871
2882
2885

2919
2923

2929 |
3091

3097

3346 |

3361
3513
3520
3526

3570

3603

3604
3607
3611
3671

3696

3698 |. ..-

3784

3785 |...

3786 |.

Date.

ADR. <
May 4

July 28
July 31
Aug. 4
Aug. 29
Aug. 31
Sept. 20
Sept. 23
Oct. 13
Oct.

1889.

Jan. 17

Jan.
Jan. 26
Sept. 8

1890.
Mar. 5

Sept. 22
1891.

Feb. 25.

1893.
Aug. 1

Aug.
Aug.

1894.
Mar. 21

1895.

owe

Aug. 11 |

Aug. 12
Aug. 18

Aug. 22

1897.
Apr. 21

1900.
May 5

June 27
00

dom <

18 |

19

7
A

MANN—DIATOMS OF

THE

ALBATROSS VOYAGES.

DREDGING AND TRAWLING STATIONS.

Locality.

Lat. S.
° ee

00 24 00 89 06 00
00 36 30 89 19 00
Lat. N. | Long. W.
24 18 00 | 110 22 00
26 42 30 | 113 34 15
53 56 00 | 165 40 00
55 10 00 | 160 18 00
54 55 00 | 159 52 00
55 20 00 1386 20 00
51 23 00 | 130 34 00
48 09 00 | 125 03 00
46 55 00 | 125 11 00
46.09 00 | 124 22 30
45 56 00 124 02 00
32 17 00 | 119 17 00
32 40 30 | 117 31 30
32 27 30 | 117 26 30
45 32.00 | 124 19 30
37 59 O8 | 122 25 45
45 30 00 | 124 52 00
6 10 00) 83 06 00
58 27 00 169 OL 00
59 28 00 | 170 57 00

57 31 00 | 170 57 00

San Diego Bay,Cal.

| Long. W.
° Y 4

55 23 00 | 170 31 00
54 54.00 168 59 00
54 11 30 | 167 25 00
56 45 00 | 167 25 00 |
37 00 00 | 122 20 00

Tsuragi Sakilight,

S.80° W.,4. 3 miles.
Manazuru Zaki, N.

8° W.4. 5 miles.

Lat. N. | Long. E.
54 32 00 | 178 31 00

Rat Island, Aleu-
tian Chain, S. 150
miles.

Lat. N.
54 47 20 | 178 54 00

| Long. W.

Surface tem-
_ perature.

45
45

Bottom tem-
perature.

35. 2
35.9

34.6

393

: kind of bot- i Instrument
a tom. Remarks. used.
S
A
Fms.
812 | glob. oz. co. | Galapagos Island.| L. B. T.
m.
6344) COn se oe ae: [eo 20 0 Ns See de Do.
26) bul) DrKeSNeo ee - Gulf of California .| L. B. T.
660: |S2Ms Wee Off Lower Cali- | Ship dredge.
| fornia.
Bay ayia cece. On Alaskasc. 0... Le BEAT
R18 Son eee ole LOM eee | Do.
B Lota Pi eaytergs 0.) el ong} 01a |< ie oe kOe) Seine Ae | Do.
L,. DOO IS, OZe oo eee ee KLOE Bore SA Do.
764 ei Mee ee ‘che ee eae ee Do.
RE VoaS ees British Columbia . Do.
Sou! Dr 07sec. ae. | Off Washington. . Do.
68 Sess | Off Oregon....... Do.
30 | fne. yj RES (ee (00 eee eee ee Do.
|
O84) (fy... me. o52 | Off southern Cali- | Do.
fornia. |
CPN Lit ea ath oi bs sep ey) Pe ee COM Net te nee Do.
623) | ona = seh ee oko ae Ae ee Dibe Ls
Or || PM. Wa. | Off Oregon - =. 2. - LURE 6 Taal he
iAP oyb is sneha Off central Cali- Do.
fornia.
(8G) ST. 2 see Off Washington. . Do.
Ail eh O7-ecs.—4) Of Pangma:..2 Do.
35 | fne.s.gn.m.| Bering Sea........ Bie T- imud
bag.
SSuliine: 8! en. me). 5% AGi Ses hee ee Do.
49 | fne.s.dk.m.|..... GQOe ao sachet, Re D:
2} fne. s. oys- | San Diego Bay....| Boat dredge.
ters.
Ie ((il al Moh Uatcy 75a sae | Bering Seat. aan in B.D, sur
| face and
interme-
diate nets.
1 ye OO Nit 9 0 Wo Abi ae eo eee GO ec See 6 Oo.
ORT S20 ew ke eee (oko pegs e sae” Oa Do.
lav. s
OO.) SN Se cere cee 2 OOs. aactre Se Do.
DO) Sn. See -. Monterey Bay... + be Ba
259 | gn.m.fne.s.}| Off Honshu _ Is- | 8 Tnr.
110 land, Japan.
15s) | SN ane VOlec|eaee. CO cksee sree Do.
2.5.
85 | gn. m. fne. | N. of Aleutian Is- Do.
gy.s lands.
270 | gy.s. Brahe. 2-00. c. caa i.2 ts Do.
2,106 | gy.s.yl.m. te GOgan paste one Do.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following bibliography is intended to cover only the articles cited in the accom-
panying paper. In the literature of the diatoms a large proportion of the citations
are to separates and an attempt has been made to correlate these with the publication
in which they were originally issued, citing only the latter in a uniformly abbreviated
style. For the convenience of students references as full as at present practicable
are inserted under each title to the libraries in Washington containing the work.
These libraries, however, have not been thoroughly searched for diatom literature
and it is probable that many of the works may be found in other of the libraries than
those indicated. In case of a single work reference has been made to the library of
Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., where it is known to exist complete. The
abbreviations, as far as they concern Washington libraries, are based on those used
in A Union List of Periodicals, Transactions, and Allied Publications in the Libraries
of the District of Columbia, published by the Library of Congress in 1901. The abbre-
viations are as follows:

Acr. Department of Agriculture Library.
Fisu. Bureau of Fisheries Library.
GS. Geological Survey Library.

LC. Library of Congress.
Mann. Library of Dr. Albert Mann, George Washington University.
NM. National Museum Library.

Nw. U. Northwestern University Library, Evanston, ill.
Par. Patent Office Library.

SC. Smithsonian Collection, Library of Congress.
So. Smithsonian Institution Library.

Sure. Surgeon-General’s Library.

For the location of serials containing articles included in the bibliography consult
the abbreviation of the serial in its alphabetical sequence. An asterisk (*) after an
abbreviation for a library indicates that only the separate of the accompanying article
is included in that library. :

Serials and original articles in the bibliography not accompanied by an abbrevia-
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Abh. Schl. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. Abhandlungen der schlesischen gesellschaft fiir

vaterlindische cultur. Abtheilung fiir naturwissenschaften und medicin. SC,
Janisch, C. 18612: 150-164. 1861. 18622: 1-29. 1862.
Agardh, Cart Apotr. Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae, adjecta dispositione uni-
versalialgarum. xl,135p. Lundae, ex officina Berlingiana, 1816. 20cm. AGR.
Agardh, Cart Apotr. Species algarum rite cognitae, cum synonymis, differentiis
specificis et descriptionibus sueccinctis. y. 1:5 p. 1. 531 p. Gryphiswaldiae, sum-_
tibus Ernesti Maurittii, 1823. v. 2: Sectio prior, 1 p. 1. 189 p. Gryphiae, sumtibus-
Ernesti Mauritii 1828. 19 em. GS. AGR.
v. 1 originally published in 2 pts. Lundae, 1817-20.
GS copy of v. 1 has 2 additional title-pages: p. 1-168 dated 1821; p. 169-531,
dated 1822. (Ed. nova.)

394

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Agardh, Cart Apotr. Systema algarum. Adumbravit C. A. Agardh. xxxviil,
312 p. Lundae, Literis Berlingianis, 1824. 164 em, AGR.

Agardh, Cart Apoir. Conspectus criticus Diatomacearum. pt. I-IV. 66° p.
8°. Lundae, 1830-32.
Am. Journ. Micr. The American Journal of Microscopy and Popular Science. AGr.
Cox, J.D. 3: 97-101; 125-130. 1878. 4: 97-100. 1879.
Grunow, A. 8: 101-105. 1878.
Kitton, F. 3: 247-250. 1878.
Smith, H. L. 2: 99-103. 1877.

Am. Journ. Sci. The American Journal of Science and Arts. NM. GS. Aar.
Bailey, J. W. I. 35: 118-124. 1838. 42: 88-105. 1842. 48: 321-332. 1842. 46: 137-141; 297-313. 1844.

48: 321-343. 1845. II. 22: 1-6. 1856.

Johnson, A. S. 13: 33. 1852.

Am. Mo. Micr. Journ. The American Monthly Microscopical Journal. AGR.
Boyer, C. S. 20: 105-108. 1899.

Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. AnalesdelaSociedad Espanol de Historia Natural.

SC.

Delas y de Gayola, F. 12: 383-392. 1883.
Truan y Luard, A. 18: 307-364. 1884. 14: 239-256. 1885.

Anders. Svenska Vaxtv. Hist. ANDERSON, GUNNAR. Svenska vixtvarldens his-
toria i korthet framstailld. (Fran Stockholms hégskolas populira forelasningar. )
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GS.
Diatomaceae p. 5, 34-57. f. 2, 27 & 45.
Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg. GS.*
Leuduger-Fortmorel, G. 11: 1-60. 1892.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including
zoology, botany, and geology, (Being a continuation of the ‘‘ Annals” combined
with London and Charlesworth’s ‘‘Magazine of Natural History.’’) AGR.

Greville, R. K. II. 15: 252-261. 1855. III. 16: 1-7. 1865.
Norman, G. II. 20: 158-159. 1857.
Ralfs, J. 11: 447-457. 1843. 12: 104-111; 270-276; 346-352; 457-467. 1843. 138: 457-461; 489-493
1844. 16: 109-112. 1845.
Smith, W. II. 7: 1-14. 1851. 9: 1-12. 1852. 15: 1-9. 1855. 19: 1-13. 1857.
Thwaites, G. H. K. 20: 9-11. 1847. II. 1: 161-172. 1848.
Williamson, W. C. ITI. 1: 321-322. 1848.
Ann. Soc. Malacol. Belg. Annales de la Société malacologique de Belgique. Agar.
Deby, J. 11: 69-90. 1876.

Ann. Soc. Phyt. et Micr. Belg. Annales de la Société phytologique et micro-

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Anton. & Bon. ANTONELLI, GIOVANNI ET Bonetti, Finrepo. Le Diatomee fossili

di Tor di Valle nei Dintorni di Roma. Mem. Accad. Lincei 9: [1-14?]. 1893.
Reprinted 14 p. Roma, Filippo Cuggiani, 1893. 29 em. GS.*

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Arnott, GeorGE Arnotr WaALKER-. On Arachnoidiscus. Quart. Journ. Micr.
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Arnott, Grorce ArNotr WaLkKer-. On the structure of Amphora, a genus of Dia-
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A résumé of the preliminary notes appeared in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 4: 74-77. 1858.

Arnott, GEorRGE ARNotr Watker-. Note on Arachnoidiscus, Pleurosigma, Am-
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396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Arnott, Georce Arnorr WaALKER-. Note on Campylodiscus hodgsonii. Trans.
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Arnott, Georce Arnorr Watker-. Bermuda Tripoli. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci.
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Atti Accad. Lincei. Atti dell’ Accademia Pontificia de’ nuovi Lincei. Rome.

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Bailey, JAacop Wuirman. A sketch of the Infusoria, of the family Bacillaria, with
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Bailey, Jacop Wuirman. Account of some new Infusorial forms discovered in the
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Bailey, Jacop Wuirman. Notice of a memoir by C. G. Ehrenberg, ‘‘On the extent
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See Ehrenberg, C. G. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1841: 291-446. 1843.

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Bailey, JAacosp Wuirman. Microscopical observations made in South Carolina,
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Bail. & Harv. in Wilkes Explor. Exped. Sce U.S. Exploring Expedition. See
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_—

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The above article has no text and the four leaves with explanations of the plates are not num-
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Le Diatomiste; journal spécial s’occupant exclusivement des diatomées et de tout
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Issued in 24 parts.

Brun, J. 2: 51-53. 1894.

Cleve, P. T. 1: 14-17. 1890.

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Dillw. Brit. Conferv. Dimtuwyn, Lewis Wesron. British Confervae; or colored
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Ehrenb. EHRENBERG, CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED. Erstlich tiber ausgezeichnete jetzt
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Schmidt, Atlas. Scumipr, Apotr. Atlas der diatomaceen-kunde, in verbindung —
mit den Herren Grundler, Grunow, Janisch, Weisflog und Witt, herausgegeben yon —
Adolf Schmidt, archidiaconus in Aschersleben. 36 Heft. 144 pl. [with explana-_
tory leaf]. Aschersleben, Ernst Schlegel, 1875-1882. 404 cm.

Verzeichniss der in A. Schmidt’s Atlas der diatomaceenkunde. Heft 1-36
(Serie I-III) abgebildeten arten und benannten varietiiten nebst den mit ange-
fiihrien synonymen. 2p.1.29p. Leipzig, O. R. Reisland, 1890.

Blueprint copy by C. Henry Kain, Camden, N. J. 1884— ? AGR.

The date of issue is printed on the first page of each heft, except heft 1, which was January,
1874.

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Verzeichniss der auf tafel 1-240 (Serie I-V) abgebildeten u. bekannten formen.
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The dates of publication of the plates of edition two are only partly given on the plates. For
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from Friedliinder’s Naturae Novitates issued on the dates given, all others being taken from the
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Series I. Heft 1- 6. pl. J1- 24. 1 Ag 1885.

Heft 7-8. pl. 25- 30. 1S 1885.
pl. 31- 32. 1D = 1885.
Heit 9. pl. 33- 36. 1Ja 1886.
Heit 10. pl. 37— 40. 1 Mr 1886.
Heft ll. pl. 41- 44. 1 Ap 1886.
_ Heft 12. pl. 45- 48. 1 My 1886.
Series II. Heit 13. pl. 49- 52. 15 Ag 1886.
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Heit 18-20. pl. 69— 80. 15 Mr 1887.
Heft 21-22. pl. 81- 88. J1 1885.
Heft 23-24. pl. 89- 96. 1lJa 1886.
Series III. Heft 25-26. pl. 97-104. 1 Ag 1886.
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Heft 31-32. pl. 121-128. 1 Ag 1888.
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Heft 35-36. pl. 137-144. [ 1889. ]
Series IV. Heft 37-38. pl. 145-152. [Fe 1890.]
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Heit 43-44. pl. 169-176. [My 1892.]
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Series V. Heft 49. pl. 193-196. [S 1894.]
Heft 50. pl. 197-200. [Ap 1895.]
Heft 51. pl. 201-204. [O 1896.]
Heft 52-53. pl. 205-212. [Mr 1897.]
Heft 54. pl. 213-216. [Mr 1899.]
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Heit 56. pl. 221-224. N 1900.
Heft 57. pl. 225-228. S 1901.
Heft 58. pl. 229-232. Ap 1902.
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Series VI. Heft 61. pl. 241-244. S-~ 1903.
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Heft 64. pl. 253-256. Ag 1905.
Heft 68. pl. 257-260. S 1905.
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Heft 67. pl. 265-268. D_ 1906.

These dates were worked out by the author a few months before their publication by B. B.
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of heft 48-65 at the Botanical Department of the British Museum, which may be an additional

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@ Date at bottom of explanation of plate 153 overlooked by Mr. Woodward.

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eet by) Xba V

i°
i.e
7

PLATE XLIV.

Fic. 1 —Amphora honshuensis Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. Description, p. 375. :
F1G. 2.—Amphora baccata Mann. Enlarged 575 diameters. Description, p. 373.
Fic. 3.—Amphora crescens Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 374.
Fic. 4.—Achnanthes dispar Mann. Enlarged 800 diameters. Description, p.8 B27.
Fic. 5.—Achnanthes dispar Mann. Enlarged 800diameters. Description, p. 327. _

Fic. 6.—Dimeregramma inflatum Mann. Enlarged 1,000 diameters. Descript on, one 327
pata:

.
m _——~
i ty
— )- a
ie
“.
“’
ru .
See Be ~~ i
a ws
« > M
") ~ 7 ll . pe eee
+ 5 : ? par. ae ey
a a = « ° ~ oo *
: - e igs i Se <
o al A 7
- dé [ha , (. —
Se ~ ee ~~ v i,
Ee ret ogee

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XLIV.

Trt

”
”
-*
—

DIATOMS OF THE GENERA AMPHORA, ACHNANTHES, AND DIMEREGRAMMA.

>

fe dere

31713—voL 10, pr 5—07——14

oe ae

eel

SS Ea

PLATE XLV.

Fic. 1.—Actinoptychus alternans Mann. Enlarged stacks be ge tion,
Fic. 2.—Actinoptychus planus Mann. Balerged 740 Se rn orce ee = ‘
Fig. 3.—Actinoptychus radulus Mann. diameters. Descript:

Fig. 4.—Asteromphalus nanus Mann. Seay 612 diameters. Deserip
Fic. 5.—Asteromphalus van heurckii Mann. Enlarged 660 diameters, I
FiG. 6.—Stephanopy-is trisculpta Mann, Enlarged 550 diameters. Descri

424

PLATE XLV.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

S

DIATOMS OF THE GENERA ACTINOPTYCHUS, ASTEROMPHALUS, AND STEPHANOPYX!

Bote a Bp oe bh V1.

i“ F a

i Ne ai ies ae x
ai. ne

a
A
a

; .
1 i
, ’ .

-*

a
400 d

7
» %
%
e
—a
av:
a
a>:
7
A
—
-
om
on, p. 298.
t ‘ ne rs_

os
4.—Biddulphia subjuncta Mann. Enlarged 660 diameters. Description, p.

Fic. 5.—Biddulphia lwminosa (Temp. and Br.) Mann. Enlarged 660 ¢

ey og ia ee
‘ Ms o = es ie Ay
, = pet
| bat | i

| ml Bee a

Fic. 1.—Biddulphia alaskiensis Mann.

Fig. 2.—Biddulphia roperiana Grey. (a

Fic. 3.—Biddulphia culcitella Mann. En

Fie.

= & _ a Ei ae ene: all. a = , —_— +

PLATE XLVI.

Xx.

Herb., Vol.

Contr. Nat.

DIATOMS OF THE GENUS BIDDULPHIA.

er eee by eX TV LT.

. a * ‘
a =e FT — °
“a 6 ‘.
Ne i * “7
a ey 7 i ‘
' a - :
A: A ©
™ 7 oy ve
Fo4 os 7
4 air =
€ ot
° A \
>@
* ’
@
. - s - ‘

[
:

, : PLATE XLVI.

4 Fra, 1.—Biddulphia ertensa Mann (sahal view). \ g:sacebvattoeaaaa

: Fic. 2.—Biddulphia extensa Mann (valval view). Enlarged 575 diameters, —

f Fic. 3.—Biddulphia scutellum Mann, Enlarged 375 diameters. z
Fic. 4.—Biddulphia gladiorum Mann. Enlarged 750 diameters. Description, P.

428

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Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XLVII.

1S

DIATOMS OF THE GENUS BIDDULPHIA.

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PLATE XLVIIL

Fic. 1.—Coscinodiscus deformatus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. Dese'
Fig. 2.—Coscinodiscus deformafus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. De
FiG. 3.—Coscinodiscus pustulatus Mann. Enlarged 375 diameters. Desc
Fic. 4.—Coscinodiscus robustus Grey. (variety with open girdle). Enls

tion, p. 258.

4ou

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XLVIII.

DIATOMS OF THE GENUS COSCINODISCUS.

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Fic. 1.—Coscinodiscus undulosus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters, Des
FG. 2.—Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb. variety (?). Enlarged 375 d@ ;

432 a

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PLATE XLIX.

tr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

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DIATOMS OF THE GENUS COSCINODISCUS.

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PLATE L.

Fic. 1.—Coscinodiscus verecundus Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. 1
Fig. 2.—Cyclotella regina Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. Descriptio:
Fig. 3.—Melosira medusa Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. Desctipena aie

ay

Fig. 4.—Melosira scopos Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description,
Fic. 5.—Stictodiscus gelidus Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Descriy
Fic. 6.—Tripodiscus beringensis Mann. Description, p. 278.

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PLATE L.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

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Fie. 1.—Melosira coronaria Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 600 diameters. De eri tior
FiG. 2.—Melosira coronaria Mann (valval view). Enlarged 600 diameters. De rt
Fic. 3.—Campylodiscus galapagensis Mann. Enlarged 300 diameters. Descriy
FiG. 4—Trigonium rusticum Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 294.
Fig. 5.—Trigonium adspersum Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 4

436

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PLATE LIT.

Fic. 1.—Plagiogramma sceptrum Mann ‘sales view). Enlarged 375 d
Fig. 2.—Plagiogramma sceptrum Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 375. diamet
Fic. 3.—Navicula vidovichii Gran. (form). Enlarged 550 diameters. Descrip
Fic. 4.—Navicula curvilineata Mann. Enlarged 515 diameters. Description, 7 ema
. Fic. 5.—Navicula speciosa Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. Description, p. 356.
be Fig. 6.—Navicula gyrinida Mann. Enlarged 660 diameters. Description, ph Rt.
Fig. 7.—Navicula spuma Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description. aa ails.

438

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PLATE LIl.

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

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PLATE LIL.

Fic. 1.—Navicula undata Mann. Enlarged 990.diameters. Description, p. 358.
Fic. 2.—Navicula ardua Mann (valvyal view). Enlarged 600 ap Mm
Fig. 3.—Navicula ardua Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 600 diameters. ion, p.:
Fic. 4.—Naricula prodiga Mann, Enlarged 600 diameters. ah aie Dp. ae
Fic. 5.—Navicula pinguis Mann. Enlarged 375 diameters. Description, p. 350.

Fig. 6.—Navicula invenusta Mann (type). Enlarged 375 diameters. Descrip
Fic. 7.—Navicula invenusta Mann (form). Enlarged 375 diameters. Descri

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RARE TERS PLPA IADR IS ERIS OA,

PLATE LIII.

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ontr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

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DIATOMS OF THE GENUS NAVICULA.

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Fi. 1.—Tripodiscus concentricus Mann (type). Enlarged 600 diameters, Desc
FiG. 2.—Tripodiscus concentricus Mann (form). Enlarged 600 diam er Desc
FiG. 3.—Tripodiscus larus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. Description, p, 279.
Fic. 4.—Tripodiseus cosmiodiscus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. Des

442

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X, PLATE LIV.

. DIATOMS OF THE GENUS TRIPODISCUS.

Page.
Nanay sak w a dens dacwhdnaver aes 234, 327
SP RTINITSI ME es en Gina a ivis vivradiaswlee c.c'e oa vaee 323, 524
BEMATIULMAGLEUITE 5 diane caccecrcccessansses 32), 000
NE TE yon a wee nes niece ew od co's 285
RI NIPMU MI oe oon. cuicis aid onlin wine one's sme 231, 260
OS ee ee 240, 269
as bh ahaa nse «nin cece were. «0 273
I fi aa pad’ on ond pue sin wens sans 269
ee 232, 269 |
SMLODE CUB nn kicn nan accwesoeéeccsccse 260, 267
EE ed. Doce ied wales eclbc winnie’ len 336
SE es eee 368
ee Siew bate a sip cine inp onic a wise os 289
SS Seer nor eee reer 360, 378
goon se ioirnik's ce wun sews os ani 235, 368
Ne ey Saivis awa ou awsinew san 333, 367
MTR Eee nn oS rincic.s «Sen vie eS <'e' S025 289, 298
OU ee re 368
0 ee re 235, 373
Anomoeoneis........- Ft Rata a ne > CRs 333
EM a ee ee 328
LRG RECO rs 269
MMCIIPAUAIBONE . Soho Oo So Sco sae awacee es Jones 266
ONG ORE CT SE ee 266
EMTS a nics Sela oe noon wisn tee 232.972
TMIIRTININECEE B igre 06s io woo ois nin ee ose 273
BERECTOSPIBN UN. |). 0 = sss oF anaes so 232, 273
MTOM IDI IMAUS oS a ~ 7's < Siw Son's = Sona rmnia orci By 92
LTTE OE see a 283
RTS ieee ee 277
MN ale ichdin ew oe nh ule va pa eae anidn nbs 236
© STIS CL UM 232, 281
a 260
MRCHUARS oot ea duno nescescceveccs 349, 371, 378
NIT a a 285
ER Es Search cow's va edcmnpsdaen oo 360
MESA TIMI eon Sw coe loc evens eons 02% 233, 298
Ses Sl ea ee 289
CASTE get 360
I Soh cu nwiccwul eka cannes 386
DIN ee er Ee ta gece mace ea es wacsus 333
BERETS IOOABCHS Se 62's ao eiciw ov ae nicc wee sins’ 236, 386
NG fe Bie ine anes wie a eines <n8ded ous 328
ee eee eee 282, 298
SS eee ee 246, 289
RUROINI wo sion trnaila sin ww bin dao dbo cua s 233, 285
Ra po ae 325
| 234, 325
NES IM Sh cs oe Salone Sway mee awicae 234, 328
OEE art SIS ee a 368, 373, 384
IRC Cee ee nina ain « wold wdc ale poe aim we 235, 371
ES rere oe, ene 360
NOU Fo kane ac sce ws omens 333, 360
OE ey eee ee ee Eee 312

INDEX OF GENERA,

(Synonyms in #falics. )

Page
COTM, ae te at Rr a Fe se aide’ k'o'nl ob 0,0 kx elgg’ 312
COT OMAGIS. cee ee oa oh te eek sd ubeeeis 386
CORCIMIOGISGIIE 0 ee on Scio t's ow o'ou Ree o 231, 246
COSCUNOCASEYIB eae dics a4 2''c0v ene nine 0 244, 260, 264, 281
CORTITLO GABON ee eg tS e sig Sto a als oo bine eae Sach 246
CraASDOGOGISCMG: (. -- nao. daes'cw ne ows sata is 231, 264
CHORD CUOGIARUET oan ois oes} ois wists oS bee wi 240, 272
EB ANEL Ie rete ae ig ee Feo ie ais nhac oh dm ed 244
ee ee ee ee 231, 265
IIS opine es reliaas watiainnaar nee eae wo a oe 240, 267
SOUR oe odode y ice we line so esis 382
CUT LUA eas ae ne a ET 265, 333, 371, 373, 377
Ps ng Ia dth antec was oe ama pie th be ae 371
GOI ea. -patakens ae he etad wien 235, 377
OEE LU LEO SOUTE o aias c uiotnts ompin tin ee mew wees la ce n'a 284
IDE On. aq he Be a Re ee ae a ae 269
RATER ee cae tn th atc <p ieiaieicd anise Se Seis = 298
Dever nt cyl (ho eee ee eee paneer 234, 318
ELT SE TNG i SEP OE OE Ene 325, 327, 378, 382
DEGONIO Sean cia aolaRole es mae ne we 299, 307, 312, 319, 320
DIAL ONTOU Gs oer ete eon fo cle = waivin BeG e an am Sone & 319
DECHOMENIS s ap Bote lene taw oan alais wa ninceniem vm 6 316
TOE CRG Ge Seon ee ial cinisiate'< ts aisle > ialaisiwieie sme 333, 368
DD TTT CITG: et Se SO ECO a et See 285
!DVERUTED VES, 5, 9 OREO ei RO OO ee Oe 244
DINETTE P TANNIN a: 6-5 Sin om en's ce cleialelcin ae eel 234, 327
DAREN T NIL I0 So oe SO 378
DOG OGG [I pa oS ARSED Seep a 333
COICO ele wren ioiain ota anal a te ea ne 239, 265, 267
ERRAND LONIT ie epee te inte a at cde n whe ee ae meas mo 319
LEM lly (cy ae pe ee ee ce ecm eae eB Sr
DUT ee aes cao ee enleiet pie e eteen me tee 362
TOI YS RE RE, SS ry es RP Ee 360
VG YA MO Se a ee eee 325
LOGE TIES OE CT ene ite Ee CEES ee 371
LOU CR eh ocinia kre Winns wrele es mos Sisto Ses os 246
SEAR LOT Tee tas nila 6 0 aale'x ple wieie mis mn ee ees 368
PER LR oon 8k Stews seh pipe siete oc sewn 234, 323
LDP AGC TUS Se A aa ee 324
NE Naito NEO 5 al RS a ee te 377
EET ARR eis stn le las he A bya laa Sain se 246
TEIN TO ee eT ECR a APO Ce Cee 283
LETHE TOT GR SEES ae eae ee a 318, 377
ALS Tho hale hea u ek + noid o oceans 316
COOK Os 7 ee es eee 328, 324
VAGUABEUMR Stee ee cee dan ea 249, 251, 260, 277, 282
Eee eRe eck Okan as acme eam r oh o's 319
URINE A seins ciOh snp wa sek tne eniehiv's were 200; O09
PPURNHEE bs cnns wdawaveaece 333, 362, 371, 373, 377, 382
CE Oe GE eee a eee 236
(OPEC OURS ESR ie PS, 2 eel ee Ee 236
CEN On hoes i SR ee ny 234, 324
Ea eek ace edd aia tans tas soe oss on x 323
DOS oT a Aan Pe 370
Vil

VII INDEX OF GENERA,
Page Page.
Gomphonella. «x .cccsccvescvascnccducthageaenee 370 | Pleurostauron ............ Pe a ee
Gomphonews ocssscncceevauncsedaeealnen 235,370 | Pleurostaurum ............ eer ee
GOMPRONGIAG. 6 ie dnns di cdawntacus drapes OTE | Pidtarig..ecksoncceecctaatae oosatépaknaeunel aan
Gontethectams 5 ocss as casbavdanscdubep helen 26,026 | Pediogus 43.455. 0.s<0ssscmnin ‘os eeneSeeeanien
Guammeatophors.. .oiwci sscavdacceaneessane 234,319 | Podowife........ccscectuccte «conscncsdeula nee
GYUROWIE 6 ons ccncactaventanedayse esunnaunen | » wecdecs ventas
Cesena: = oun cdscdckoccctuwstde vite 264 1 POVMYEUS 6. oc sdecce coe Perr ry
GYTOMBIOR «vos vc awdt debe deenes bts aen eee 286, 962, |* Povrotilectis .....cc-cewsdewan rrr
HOMONG 5, oo6 cs iinctscéwuataptee eee WO. | FOTpCIa 5 fo. < cnccecncaueen Pere ee 233, 315
Hantgschdes «os. o3 as< cate énenshueehaneenaeee 378 | Pritchardia .........c0c« oaFhalegu ouscmnmpae! «Ue
EBRODGUG. « . cosh cntgp cies cugs U0 estan tee 260 | Pacudauliscus.......c.cceusneen a0 els ane, aa
Piomalatilas,. . ooscs cencduvdeusscveeeksecnene 238,312 | Pseudotriceratium.............. »<suW aaa a ae
Ficundaaslacs .. 2 nas iw ccnaasesbace. ta $12. 313 | Pargodiecue............ sean nie ok te duttee Oe
Mamhidisons. .s..c: 2 wos oo econ oaea ee 238,816 | Poridioula ......cccscctacaan 240, 244, 260, 264, 265
RemINtyOnas . 06. .2>40cn reas cniaseanmene 232,266 | Raphoneis.............. cacceweateaanel aoceny ae
FRAP CORALS « 6 oc cncuncndaduannoenes inaaiiee 285 | Belchellia .......-ce0-0ceduuumanneeee --- 360
Heteroste pha RED os icopdndntetsinascedcnteweot 246 EAGOGOREIAG . «<< nace ueueee a> wesade ane a $21
EEUOGINCUE. 0 envi eines tupaetne teas tae 240, 260, 264 | Rhizosolenia ...........casuhensuenenee . 282, 283
BONG GNIG 0 0's on candy ecckudinnenleaaeee 314 | Rhoicosigma .........<<cashaaenaeeeneeee 362
Det les. 3 2s acount anh ane aetonn tone: eee 288,311 | Reperia . ..o.ccccce.cancsusntaeeneee --- 200
De MONG oii ass ¢ occa neénsvads dnwaaeaeeeee $12. | Rutilaria ..<.....i:.capeaen pee BE 233,317
SAINI 0 Sits basin oe Vain ds Khan oie Ste eee 246 | Schizonema..........c«0s see ---- 333, 360
LOVESONG a6 as <u 6 ein cones nen 810 | Schuetia. .....c...s0es oo cnc naes ieee -- 2m
|) a epee ee Ce Sh i he RRP es. 284 | Scoliopleura. .........2:<sessaeeeen eee 336, 349°
NOOlsOne « - o'ain 5 it s'g ala eens Hu wae ade 269 | Skeletonema .«...:.-....ss5459aeneee a
DEL OC AAG oad ok 5a Aes eaten nae 284 | Solium..........<.. +5 0-000 eee en -. 813
ERO N GUY aa cm en cht adce ne cho ckneten Cane 889 | Spatangidium. ......0s«.sssseeena eee So
Leplgontet . . ovisa6anvincgnakkecsavueaeee 2736 | Sphenelia......... <2. -ssacnueee ghebuekhs i
MO QUAI 4 .. «5 i» tech inekee ede eee $23 | Sphenosivra .........+...seeaaeueeeeee esesey En
i OULOCAE cid cx osineciendus dxtieettaden Jk rie 281 Sphinctocystis....... . <2= xe eee coosee 200, 008”
Mastowlola. os < osc. con 5 Pateerenines ..- 235,868 | Stauronets...........:.ssseeneeeeee esse SB0, 302
WelOmtee, «3. «x5 ~gnn<ekny none eee 281,236 | Stauroptera..........<<nensnenee neat ee. 333
ORIN xs: nee hae co ed a eo eae ee 240 | Slenoneis. ......<-00 «00 00 eee eee 333
EO iis dis'gn as oan cocoa renee ae $70 | Stenopterodia. .......=+-saneueeneeee pashan 384
DIARUMPTTE 6 55 ooo sin isn ck ne eed 273 Stephanopyxis..... . saa 6 ae en aie 231, 243
BACT COGIOCUE «io eivie n sk. det hn igeenh 246,260 | Stictodiacus.............2s)senkeseeieeen 232, 267
Monogram 2 u5 <= scnndes canes a eee 827 | Stictodtscus ...«.:-.«<0cdsp enue pean 260
Bavicule 5c. k-3siasey ence access dv aise 235,333 | Stigmaphora .......20+20ceeeen cneeeeeees hen)
Nawicula.........-. 360, 368, 371, 373, 377, 378, 382, 384 | Stoschia .......<..-.<.0sss=uasenee nen ~ oo
NOAM, Fee ois Sacks Seen ee oe ee 883 | Striatella..........ssus cauee cee .. 319, ol
Wikene Ri 8 Ss cG score cc ny cans ak Oe tae SUPP AYG 6 v<cc oo xeranseossauen ea ene =
pS Es Se Sarin Ry $17,384 | Surirella............:.<..+sheseeeeeeeee 236, 383
po |) ee SER, 2 $78 | Gurirdla ........../sc0ennene 323, 329, 378, 382, 386
OEROCAP ALOU 5 civ = «= = srs om Awe awh s die ee oe 267, 289 | Symbolophora ........s=.0..4anennnee ane 246
Nout nce. bon ss salon ch ie pn ene eee 384 Syncy Cli ..«...-- <9 «0s =-=ss ae oveih one
COIN a 5 ais ok niin oa eck aaa 298 | Syndendrium .......+«s0.«ssssee00seen 285
OROMIAGIUG oe 5's pn ih ae ete 6 ano alee 318 | Synedra.......----sc0scsnseaeenenwe ee aenee 333, 378
OOniGGIOt8 a a cns se viatas sone an cnc ees 246 | Systephania....-...-c-00-.+sanunnenee 243
Od OnDOIT ODES 5c 5 oon 6 ic ois cee nd wR Matas tne 298 | Terpsinoe .........+.:-s2sssnneneneeee 233,314
GaphaloQehe siiaisicccdunconehin + exesgiages 269 | Tessella ...........2..-sasseneee 234, 321
Gethanele (2 iede onc cadénnskkeuns eee $28 | Tetragramma .........+-...s=05eeeeeeeee 34
CR OOOW EE nc od once oan ates nee a eee 236 ! Tetrapodiacts .......,..«.sensess5eeneeneee +. wn
Re EE ee epee ame pe eye, $16 | Tozonidea .........-..-.s0s20n=sse een 362
POIGMG oncv'ctacvicsehanteatias cede Auaeeete 236 | Trachyneis.........-- 09-3 .206s ee 336, 338
Pontapndiseus cs cdnsa ates deceo Vannes 271 \\ Triceraltum. «-. ..3.<..+ osaaeeee 267, 289, 296, 298, 314
POV OQQHAG. 5s Sas a0 sat na nuae ein oe eee 285 | Trigonium.........-......-ssuseme ene 283,289
Pte fick cate ati Adin aa eames 225.| Trinaeria .....«:-.» cecenc nse tesssasse. One
PORTE Sino cnc ah a vege aan apes iss aoe $78 | Tripodiscus...........2..ss000ssemeen 232, 277
Pe ee ey eee a eee $38, 871 | Tropidoneis......:.......<ssseuee aay * 367
PIG GIGIIOUS Sin ancis nsanutenciudedsdtia aa 384 | Tryblionella............ss«s0senes eens 378
Vig clOeTAIINA, ..o6 <4 6 occa nce Oiwne mde Sua 934,325 | Van Heurckia.........0.J.<scaenee EP A payee 359
PRSGIGEIOUERS ons one's cs danuds es Mmky Ae 235, 367 | Willemoesia ......---ss0sencccsecuveneeeeene 246—
PIM ORCOM TIN Si naa ca ods owed sauces awe 314 | Wittia. ...-.. -.veddoumecs ae seen iechwacade 269
PI ONIING os 90 ocean eda eae ease ae 333, 362 | Xanthiopyxis ............se.0000 seen 389
Pires osx snc cd anctavattenastatne sie 368 | ZyGOCerOs «.cccccccec-scssntessvabenyen 289, 298, 306

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME X, PART 6

THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA

By C. B. CLARKE

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
| 1908

~
ll

a

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

: CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME X, PART 6
meet yy Ee Po ACBR Ar OF COSTA RICA

by,.C. B. CLARKE

LIBRARY
NEW YOR
BO TANICA

GARDE

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1908

il

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

IssuED JANUARY 21, 1908.

FER 8 - 1908

PREFACE.

Several years ago Prof. Henri Pittier, while actively engaged in
studying the plants of Costa Rica, invited Mr. C. B. Clarke, then the
greatest living authority on the Cyperaceae, to prepare a synopsis of
the genera and species of that family found in Costa Rica. This work
was gladly undertaken by Mr. Clarke. Soon after the synopsis was sub-
mitted Professor Pittier left Costa Rica to accept a position in the De-
partment of Agriculture, in Washington, and after his arrival offered
the paper to the United States National Museum for publication.
Mr. Clarke having died in the meantime, it seemed desirable to pub-
lish it with as little change as possible. As it was prepared in Latin,
however, the Advisory Committee on Publications recommended that
it should be translated into English, and Dr. E. L. Greene was asked to
prepare the manuscript. In performing this task Doctor Greene has
followed as closely as possible the terms and phrasing of Mr. Clarke’s
papers written in English. Further changes consist in the with-
drawal of the bibliography following each species name, the arrange-
ment of the synonomy in chronogical order, and the insertion of the
dates of publication. The names of periodicals have also been sub-
stituted in the citations for subtitles, and a number of names which are
clearly nomina nuda have been withdrawn. One new specific name
has been changed because it was found to be a homonym.

J. N. Rose,
Acting Curator.

Ill

CON LEE.

Page
EE PIER, oat Se ee es Se eee eet beue-- ss 443
Amnotated catalogue of the genera and species............-..-.--.----------- 444

~—

-?

INDEX OF GENERA.

[Synonyms in #falics.}

Page. Page.
a ee ee, eee Oe | NE ee ee ce oa ne nets ae ee 459, 460
PUNE ete tet akin ae SS oe rT Sp 5: A a 444-445
AE EE ea are ae eee a 455, 457
LETS ES V2 0 es eee ae AE Le PURE tee So eo See i oe 467
NT a2. S205 wala n iach ke ae a's BOrit PRUNE ae eo a oo ea ote oni 445
Se a ee een AG ae MERCIER er . Ser Ps Na als os sine mina a = 467
OSE? ._ RSA eee Re AD Oo, en i ee ee ao eee 471
Ee Pe EES Le eee BG OA ENE INCMIE: Seo cae oes ona oe pas 451-453, 454
IRON MO 2 08S aaah Sis Sapna « AbD Apt ew GR QORCler wa Se ep ee ete cose ot 466
TMI E ce 2 I a occa ose oon s BGT ATION Oh 2 SB = a2 Se et omnis oe es SS o 463
I SC Se eee eee ih | tgs ns |), SR a AE ee ce cha: | Jae
Gyperng.c 2. 22... 447-451, 445-447, 451-454, 459,461 | Ophryoscleria -..............---------------- 467
RRIRCRIOEIS Se. Sete oe Sn ee eo see GE SOr EE REPS IND Se te ene eae oe 464
TS Sa ae ht ee a ee ee ra) |e (Ch 2 a a a eae ee 445-447
NEN hates) So se ep wd oc S00-361 | Regsehorspora -. 0. 22s: <-edeces sw 462-465, 459, 461
Wo SOE Ne a ee 454-457 | Schoenus ...........--- 444, 459, 461, 462, 463, 465, 466
SS Se ee ae: ee ake 456
PpREPPLOTTYNChIUM:..-—....-.-./.------2----+- 465) | OGINPURT 25-2222 age. . 2 460, 449, 455-161, 463, 465
UT eS) 0 ee rs Baas; 400 400 HW OIGiin. eee ee es ca eed ene dnc 465-466
COPE Sr ee ee ee BGG UE SPCriGR Ons net Bo aos Se SS 464
2 ee eee Bbi- 457 1, SON 5 Soh oe eet eek one 459
2 eS ee ee ear Ae ee) te a ey Se ge, eee 458, 459
a a ee ST AUS AMA A gh IMD C1 COT 2 Se SS Scapa Spee ee ae 468

THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA,

By C. B. CLARKE.

SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA.

Subfamily I. Secirposchoeneae.

Fertile flowers all with perfect stamens.

Empty glumes at the base of the spikelets, 2 or none; fertile glumes, 2-ranked; hypog-
ynous bristles none; inflorescence subumbellate or capitate, never paniculate.

(CYPEREAE. )

Style 2-branched; nut compressed laterally.
Rachilla above the two empty glumes deciduous. .
Rachilla above the two empty glumes persistent. .

~ Style 3-branched. ;
METI ooo 0 ks = ow Se a ke
eee rec WIOUs 2 oe nde et wees
Rachilla breaking into as many joints as there are
Empty glumes at base 2 or none; fertile glumes in 3 to
several ranks; inflorescence not panicled (except in

Fuirena). (ScCIRPEAE.)

Style base bulbous, separable from the apex of the
nut. Bristles usually obvious; culm leafless; spike-
0g LES Sag he ee eee oe ee ee

Bristles none; plants commonly leafy.
Style persistent, or else deciduous along with
eee eee ae a es See eal dS
Style deciduous, its discolored base remain-
OOS i re

Style base not bulbous, passing gradually from the
nut into the style proper.

Empty glumes at base of spikelets 3 to several; styles bifid.
(RYNCHOSPOREAE. )
Spikelet cylindric; rachilla breaking into as many
emnere aniere GPO Wht. cc ee ee. am =
Rachilla short, persistent.
Bristles none; style branches 2, long; head of
pavement sun MI? 2 eS. ooo ow dawns sil.
Style branches 2, very short in those species hav-
ing monocephalous inflorescence, long in those
with inflorescence not monocephalous.........-
Subfamily II. Sclericariceae. Flowers all unisexual,
the fertile ones axillary.

bo

13.

. Kyllinga (p. 444)

Pycreus (p. 445)

Cyperus (p. 447)

. Mariscus (p. 451)

Torulinium (p. 454)

. Eleocharis (p. 454)

. Fimbristylis (p. 457)

Bulbostylis (p. 459)

. Scirpus (p. 460)
. Fuirena (p. 460)

. Dulichium (p. 460)

2. Dichromena (p. 461)

Rynchospora (p. 462)

443

444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Fertile flower subtended by an oval glume. (ScLericeag.)
Fertile spikelet of one basal pistillate flower and one
or more staminate flowers, or rudiments of them

MOVE Ib. 25. ce kvinec cose s 55 eee pee eee eee, Gee 14. Seleria (p. 465)
Fertile spikelet subtended at base by a few staminate
MOWERS <a S456 hohe slic uundehaeeah ve eee hae 15. Calyptrocarya (p.467)
Fertile flower naked, inclosed withina utricle. (CARICEAB.)
Utricle inclosing a long hooked bristle .............. 16. Uneinia (p. 468)

Utricle inclosing nothing but the pistil.............. 17. Carex (p. 468)
Subfamily III]. Mapanieae. [lowers all unisexual; the

terminal fertile one naked, and together with the 2

to 6 inferior and staminate, forming a small spikelet

with the appearance of being |!-flowered with the flower

perfect.
Spikes compound-paniculate, subumbellate.............. 18. Hypolytrum (p. 470)
Spikes glomerate, forming a single dense head. ............ 19. Mapania (p. 471)

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

|. KYLLINGA Rottb.¢

Spikelet of 4 or 5 glumes; rachilla jointed above the 2 lowest glumes, thence cadu-
cous; glumes 2-ranked; the third embracing a bisexual fertile flower, those above it
empty; hypogynous bristles none; stamens | to 3, anterior; style bifid; nut laterally
compressed.—Plants glabrous. Leaves all near the base of the stem. Inflorescence
densely capitate, composed of | to 3 sessile spikes, each of an indefinite number of
spikelets. ‘

Species 45, distributed throughout the warmer parts of the world.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Keel of nut-bearing glume smooth or setulose, not winged. (EUKYLLINGA.)
Rhizome elongated, horizontal, stoutish.

Leaves grassy, with long-attenuate apex ..............-..-.- 1. K. brevifolia.
Leaves rather short, abruptly narrowed at apex .........-. 2. K. pungens.
Leaves none, or hardly any, scariously colored............- 3. K. peruviana.

Annuals or biennials, the rhizome very short or wanting.
Nut-bearing glume glandless, setulose-scabrous on the keel. 4. K. pumila.
Nut-bearing glume with scattered red glands, smooth on
the keel... 566 ol ssn cues dae ote leet ea ain e eee 5. K. odorata.

1. Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Descr. & Tc. 18: pl. 4. f. 3. 1773.
Schoenus coloratus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753, in part.
DistripuTION: Around the world in the warmer regions.
Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Tufs, altitude 650 meters, Tonduz 9218.

2. Kyllinga pungens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 326. 1827.
Kyllinga obtusata J. 8. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 183. 1828.
DistRiBUTION: In South America frequent; in Africa and Asia rare.
Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San Carlos, Tonduz 2587.

3. Kyllinga peruviana Lam. Encyc. 3: 366. 1789.
Kyllinga vaginata Lam. Ill. 1: 148. 1791.
Kyllinga capitata Beauy. Fl. d’Owar. 1: pl. 31. 1804.
‘yllinga aphylla Kunth, Enum. 1: 127. 1837.

a The character of the genus here, as also in the case of each of the following, is :
drawn up as having in view no other than the Costa Rican species.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RIGA. 445

Lyprolepis denudata Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 130, 1855,

DistrrBuTION: Tropical America and Africa.

Josra RicAN COLLECTIONS: Puerto Limon, Pitlier 4215; Boca Banana, Tonduz
9122.

4, Kyllinga pumila Michx. Fl. 1: 28. 1803.

Kyllinga caespitosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 12. 1842, excluding Kunth synonym

and variety /.

DistrrBuTION: Common throughout tropical and temperate America; frequent in
Africa.

Cospa Rican couLections: Hoffmann 231, 437, 469; Polakowsky 4, 160, 409; San
Carlos, Tonduz 2583; Boruca, Tonduz 4793; Talamanca, Tonduz 8747; Rio Tufs, alti-
tude 600 meters, Tonduz 8180; Turrialba, altitude 570 meters, Tonduz 8264; Rio
Aqua Caliente, altitude 1,300 meters, Pittier 2403.

5. Kyllinga odorata Vahl, Enum. 2: 382. 1806.

Kyllinga elongata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 211. 1815.

DistRIBUTION: Very common in North and South America from Louisiana to
Uruguay.

Costa Rican conmzections: Hoffmann 702; Rio San Juan, Pittier 2580; Greytown;
Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8849; San José, altitude 1,100 meters,
Tonduz 434.

2. PYCREUS Beauy.

Spikelets 5 to many-flowered; rachilla persistent; two lowest glumes empty, per-
sistent; 4 or more next succeeding 2-ranked, bisexual, perfecting nuts, caducous in
fruit from the lowest upward; a few of the uppermost sterile or vacant, arranged in
about 3 spirals; hypogynous bristles none; stamens | to 3, anterior; style branches
2,on a plane passing through the rachilla; nut laterally compressed.—Plants glabrous.
Stems leafy near the base, otherwise naked. Spikelets arranged in spikes, often dense,
hardly digitate.

Species 63 distributed to the warmer regions of both hemispheres, a few extending
to within the Temperate Zone.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Superficial cells of the nut, at least in many, longitudinally oblong; nut transversely
and delicately undulate-lineate. (ZONATAE.)
Annual, tufted, often simply umbellate.................... 1. P. flavescens.
Superficial cells of the nut subquadrate; nut minutely reticu-
late, punctulate, or granular. (RETICULATAE.)
Spikelets straw-colored or brownish-yellow.
Umbels crowded into a single head..............-.-... 2. P. propinquus.
Spikes subglobose, commonly umbellate.............. 3. P. helvus.
Spikelets chestnut-brown or variegated with chestnut.
Annual, spikelets subinflated, arranged in loose spikes. 4. P. lagunetto.
Stems decumbent at base, often creeping; spikelets
rigid, forming dense spikes.
Spikelets 3 mm. wide.................:.......... 5. P. melanostachyus.
Speers 200i WIG) oc en ee ace eek. cud 6. P. elegantulus.
1. Pycreus flavescens (L.) Beauv.: Reichenb. Fl. Excurs. 1: 72. 1830-1832.
Cyperus flavescens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753.
Cyperus fasciculatus Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 63. 1816.
Cyperus elliotianus Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 100. 1824.
Pycreus elliottianus Nees, Linnaea 9: 283. 1834.
Cyperus durandii Boeck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 185. 1895.

446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Cyperus tonduzianus Boeck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 187. 1895.

DistrrBuTiION: Rather common in Europe, western Asia, and Africa; rare in
America.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Hoffmant 190; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz
<a 2832; San Francisco de Guadalupe, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1807.

2. Pycreus propinquus® Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 7. 1842.
Cyperus propinquus Mart. and Schrad.; Nees, loc. cit., as synonym.
_ Cyperus olfersianus Kunth, Enum. 2: 10. 1837. Not Pycreus olfersianus Nees. 1842.
DisTRIBUTION: Quite frequent in the warmer parts of Africa and America.
Costa Rican CoLLection: Cafas Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 11027.

. Pycreus helvus? (. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 16. 19. 1900.
Cyperus humboldtianus Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 100. 1824.
Cyperus helvus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 9. 1849.
DistriBpuTION: Frequent in Mexico and Guatemala; rare in southern Brazil and
about Montevideo.
Costa Rican coLLecTION: Turrialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8266.
Pycreus piceus, i. e. Cyperus piceus Liebm.,¢ is a species of the section Zonatae, not
very different from P. flavescens Reichenb.

-*
“~~

4. Pycreus lagunetto (Steud.) C. B. Clarke.

Cyperus lagunetto Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 2: 5. 1855.

Cyperus argentinus C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. 21: 64. 1884.

Annual, cespitose; umbel usually simple; spikelets 2 to 6 in each loose spike; glumes
chestnut-brown, pale on the back; style bifid; nut compressed laterally, puncticulate
or subreticulate, not transversly lineolate.

Stems 1 to 3 dm. long, rather slender. Leaves shorter than the stem, 2 to 3 mm.
wide. Spikelets commonly 12 mm. long, 8 to 12-flowered, occasionally as much as 25
mm. long and 32-flowered. Glumes somewhat turgid, slightly inflated (not rigid, much
flattened and indurated as in P. melanostachyus and P. elegantula). Species differing
from P. rivularis by its loose inflorescence; perhaps rather to be regarded as a southern
form of that. ;

DistripuTION: Rather frequent in Argentina, but in tropical South America rare.

Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 2,831; Rio
Agua Caliente, altitude 1,300 meters, Pittier 2,404.

5. b= combi melanostachyus (H. B. K.) C. B. Clarke.
Cyperus melanostachyus H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 207.

Cyperus diandrus capitatus Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 205. 1886.

Cyperus intricato-ramosus Boeck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 186. 1895.

Stem oblique at base; umbel almost crowded into a single head, or rarely (forma
‘umbellifera” Boeckl. ms.) looser, with rays 1 to 4 cm. long; spikelets 3 mm. wide,
linear-oblong, much flattened, rather hard, dark chestnut brown, almost black, shin-
ing, glumes sharply carinate, rigidly imbricate (but compare var. # below); style
bifid; nut ellipsoidal, laterally compressed, obscurely puncticulate, not transversely
lineolate.

‘DistriBuTION: Frequent from California to Argentina, very common in Mexico.

Costa Rican CoLLections: Hoffmann 207; Tres Rios, Pittier 4336; Carrillo, alti-
tude 300 meters, Cooper 514; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 678 bis; La
Palma, altitude 1,500 meters, Pittier 678a, Tonduz 12627; San José, altitude 1,100
meters, Tonduz 3196; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8847.

5a. Pycreus melanostachyus variegata (H. PB. K.) ©. B. Clarke.
Cypeus vamgans E. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 208. 1815.

a The specific name Olfersionus t is older and unoccupied. _Eprror.
» The specific name humboldtianus is older and unoccupied.—Eprror.
¢ Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 12. 1849.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 447

Inflorescence usually more lax; spikelets subspicately arranged, less flattened,
more loosely imbricated, less polished, sometimes variegated chestnut color and green.

DistrrBuTION: Both in Central America and in Argentina.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Volcdn de Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Tonduz 10763.
6. Pycreus elegantulus@ ©. B. Clarke in Dur. & Schinz, Fl. Afr. 5: 536. 1895.

Cyperus elegantulus Steud. Flora 25: 583. 1842.

Cyperus cimicinus J. 8S. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 166. 1830.

DisTRIBUTION: Quite common in Africa. Frequent in America all the way from
Mexico to Southern Brazil.

Costa RicaAN COLLECTIONS: El Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Vonduz, 12335;
Carrillo, Cooper, 599.

This species is not casily distinguishable from small specimens of LP. melano-
slachyus.

SPECIES OF PYCREUS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA.

PYCREUS POLYSTACHYUS Beauv. Fl. d’Owar. 2: 48. pl. 86. fig. 2. 1807.

DisrrrBution: In all the warmer parts of the world. Occurs in the West Indies in
many varieties and quite commonly; not yet received from Costa Rica. The plant
resembles P. propinquus and P. helvus, its spikelets reddish.

3. CYPERUS IL.

Spikelets 5 to many-flowered; rachilla persistent; two lowest glumes empty, the 4
or more next succeeding distichous, bisexual, perfecting nuts, deciduous from the base
upward, a few of the uppermost glumes sterile or vacant, somewhat triserial; hypogy-
nous bristles none; stamens 1 to 3, anterior; style-branches 3; nut trigonous, the
anterior angle not rarely more or less depressed.—Plants glabrous. Stems naked
except near the base, thereleafy. Spikelets in digitately or spicately clustered spikes.

Species 280; scattered over almost all parts of the world that are warm or temperate,
common in hot countries, rare in cold.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikelets digitate or congested. (PycNosTACHYAE.)
Annuals (here also C. haspan, no. 3).

Stem monocephalous; spikelets green .............--- 1. C. tenerrimus.
Spikes umbellate, ferruginous or brownish............- 2. C. uncinatus.
Perennials.

Stamen 1; plants large or of middle size.
Rays of the umbel short.

Leaves transversely lineolate.........2.----...-.- 6. C. virens.
Leaves not transversely lineolate.
Spikelets much compressed.............- 7. C. surinamensis.
Spikelets turgid, congested............-.. 8. C. luzulae.
Rays of the umbel longer than the stem............. 9. C. simplex.

Stamens 2 or 3; stems bearing many spikes.
Spikelets 1 to 2 mm. wide; nut small.
Un ids: 3. C. haspan.
Glumes distant, forming a loose spikelet .. Ll. C. chorisanthus.
Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. wide.
Stems leafless.
PMG GHOOGIOUS «|. «20. fe ois 2s cami - 5. C. canus.
Bpitelew bitexual:...............2.- 4. C. alternifolius.

: Leaves present, long ...............-.... 10. C. diffusus.

4 The specific name cimicinus is older and unoccupied.—Eprror.

448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Spikelets spicately arranged. (CHORISTACHYAE.)

Annual.
Rachilla of spikelets scarcely winged.
Glumes rather obtuse eysocJ.. eRe eee 12. C. sphacelatus.
Glumes acute, mucronulate:...............-....... 13. C. compressus.
Rachilla of spikelets winged; large annual ............ 15. C. radiatus,
Perennial.
Stolons many, slender, disappearing .................. 14. C. esculentus.

1. Cyperus tenerrimus J. 8. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 166. 1830.

Cyperus cymbaeformis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 20. 1849.

Cyperus wawrat Boeck. Linnaea 38: 363. 1874.

Annual, stem monocephalous; bracts 4 to 8, very long, grassy; glumes elliptic,
cymbiform, curved, obtuse, 5-costate, pale cinnamon color; style 3-fid; nut oblong,
of two-thirds the length of the glume.

DistripuTION: Central America, somewhat rare.

Costa Rican couiections: Littoral zone, Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2713, 2866;
Nicoya, Tonduz 13741.

2. Cyperus uncinatus Poir. Encye. 7: 247. 1806.
Cyperus cuspidatus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 204. 1815.
Cyperus aureus J. S. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 168. 1830.
Cyperus hamulatus Kunth, Enum. 2: 22. 1837.
DistrRIBUTION: In almost all warm countries; in Central America rather rare.
Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: San José, Tonduz 8606.

3. Cyperus haspan L. Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.

Cyperus aphyllus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 6. 1798.

Cyperus nudus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 203. 1815.

Cyperus adenophorus Schrad.; Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 28. 1842.

Cyperus efoliatus Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 1: 226. 1895.

DistriputTion: Throughout nearly all warmer regions; often a troublesome weed in
fields. Very common in Central America.

Costa Rican couLections: Pittier & Tonduz 3804b; La Cruz de Guanacaste,
Pittier 2714; Turrialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8304; Cafias Gordas, altitude
1,100 meters, Tonduz 10952.

Tonduz no. 8304 is a large specimen, the stem a meter high, 5 mm. in diameter at
summit. The spikelets are altogether those of typical Cyperus haspan. The sum-
mit of the stem is notably punctate with stomata. The stems in Pittier’s no. 2714 are in
like manner punctate. Old World specimens are usually much smaller, and with
the stomata on the stem indistinct; nevertheless, there occur in the Old World large
specimens, the long stems dotted with stomata at summit, but they are more rare here
than in America.

4. Cyperus alternifolius L. Mant. 28. 1767.
DistrRipuTION: Madagascar and Bourbon, where it is perhaps indigenous; exten-
sively cultivated.
Costa Rican couuections: Public parks at San José, altitude 1,100 meters,
Tonduz 10888.
This plant is perhaps C. flabelliformis Rottb., forma hortensis? C. flabelliformis
Rottb. is common in Africa and widely dispersed.

5. Cyperus canus J. 8. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 179. 1828.
Dioecious, leafless; stem 1 m. high, robust; bracts 6 to 12, equal, surpassing the
umbel; this ample, 1 to 3 dm. broad, compound and even decompound; spikelets
almost countless, digitately clustered 3 to 8 in a place; style 3-fid.
DistriputTion: Peculiar to Central America, where it is of frequent occurrence.
Costa Rican coutections: Hoffmann 11; Huebsch. A remarkable species.

=

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 449

6. Cyperus virens Michx. Fl. 1: 28. 1803.

Cyperus sordidus J. 8S. & ©. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 171. 1828.

DistRIBUTION: Throughout warm and temperate America; frequent in Central
America.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Santa Maria, altitude 1,400 meters, Tonduz 14629; San
Marcos de Dota, altitude 1,200 meters, Tonduz 2250; Cartago, altitude 1,400 meters,
Biolley 8990; Rio Tarrazu, Tonduz 7882.

7. Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 35. pl. 6. f. 5. J
DistRIBUTION: Very common in the warmer parts of America.
Costa Rican couLuections: Diquis below Térraba, Tonduz 3578; Boca Banana,
Tonduz 9124; San Carlos, Pittier 2586.

8. Cyperus luzulae Retz. Obs. 4: 11. 1786.
Scirpus luzulae L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753.
Cyperus polycephalus Lam. Tabl. Encyc. 1: 147. 1791.
Mariscus polycephalus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 324. 1827.
DistriBuTioN: In tropical America, common.
Costa Rican couiections: Polakowsky 398; Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters,

-Tonduz 4888; Térraba, altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3580; Turrialba, altitude 500

meters, Tonduz 8275; El Cordoncillal, Pittier 3591; Rio Grande de Térraba, Tonduz
6720; Boruca, Tonduz 4791; Carrillo, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 1185; Talamanca,
altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 8738, 8752, 9220; San Carlos, Tonduz 2586; Carrillo, Cooper
547, 584; San Miguel, Biolley 7464.
9. Cyperus simplex H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 207. 1815.
DistRIBUTION: Frequent in South America; in Central America somewhat rare.
Costa Rican COLLECTION: Pond at Rancho Redondo, alt. 1,400 meters, Pittier 1138.

10..Cyperus diffusus Vahl, Enum. 2: 321. 1806.

Cyperus toluccensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 206. 1815.

DistrRIBUTION: Throughout the warmer parts of both hemispheres.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Pittier 3542; Vallée du General, Pittier 3377, 3379;
Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 3584, 4476; Old Harbor, Tonduz 3751; Talamanca,
altitude 200 meters, Tonduz 9501; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8848;
Turrialba, altitude 550 meters, Tonduz 8359; Golfo de Osa, Tonduz 10102; Buenos Aires,
altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3587, 3592, 3615 bis.

11. Cyperus chorisanthus C. B. Clarke, sp. nov.

Rays of the umbel both primary and secondary slender for the plant; many of the
spikelets solitary, some in pairs or threes, 13 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 14-flowered;
glumes rather distant, ovate, but lanceolately produced; nut ellipsoidal, of about half
the length of the glume, black in maturity.—Stems 60 cm. long, slender, at apex
triquetrous and almost 3-winged. Leaves of the length of the stem, 1 cm. wide,
obscurely 3-nerved. Umbel 1 to 2 dm. in diameter, loose; bracts 5 or 6, the lowest
25 cm. long, 6 mm. wide. Glumes 1 to 2 mm. long, spreading obliquely, green and
scabrous on the keel. Stamens 3. Style hardly any; its branches 3, long, very slen-
der, tawny.—Allied to C. longifolius Poir., differing in that the glumes are not
imbricated, but distant.

Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 818147.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Forests of Boruca, altitude 460 meters, Tonduz 4475.
12. Cyperus sphacelatus Rotthb. Descr. & Ic. 26. 1773.

DistripuTion: Africa and America, frequent in the warmer parts of both.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: San Carlos, Tonduz 2589.

13. Cyperus compressus IL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 68. 1762.
DistrirBuTiIon: Widely dispersed throughout nearly all warmer parts of the earth.

Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Rio San Juan, Pittier 2581; San Domingo de Osa,
Tonduz 10080.

450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

14. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. Pl. 1:45. 1753.

Cyperus fulvescens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 22. 1849.

DistRIBUTION: Warmer regions of the whole world.

Costa Rican cotitections: Puerto Limon, Pittier 4214; Talamanca, Tonduz 8739.
15. Cyperus radiatus Vahl, Enum. 2: 369. 1806.

Cyperus campestris Schrad-; Nees, Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 35. 1842. -

DisTRIBUTION: Very common in warm regions of the Old World; somewhat rare in
those of the New World.

Costa Rican COLLECTION: San Carlos, Tonduz 2592.

[Cyperus MACROLEPIS Boeckl. in Kneuck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 1: 226. 1895,
represented by Torduz no. 8185, appears to have been overlooked by Mr. Clarke.—
Epiror. |

SPECIES OF CYPERUS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA,

CYPERUS SESLERIOIDES H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 209. 1815.
DisTrRIBUTION: Common in Central America; in South America rare.
Differs from C. tenerrimus Presl, in that its stems are ligneous at base, nodose-

thickened, and fascicled on a very short rootstock; also in some other points.

CyPERUS HUMILIS Kunth, Enum. 2: 23. 1837.

DisrriputTion: In Central America, where it is of frequent occurrence.
Differs from C. tenerrimus Presl, among other things, in that the glumes are neither
cymbiform nor curved.

CypeRUS AMABILIS Vahl, Enum. 2: 318. 1806.
Cyperus aureus H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 205. 1815, not Georgi. 1802.
Cyperus glareosus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 16. 1850.
DistripuTION: Throughout almost all warm countries; frequent in Central America.
Differs most notably from C. wncinatus Poir. in that the mucro of the glume is not
uncinate, but straight, short, or even wanting |

CYPERUS OCHRACEUS Vahl, Enum. 2: 325. 1806.
DisTrRIBUTION: Central America, common.
Differs from C. surinamensis Rottb. among other points in that its glume is slightly

inflated rather than compressed; from C. virens Michx. in that the trigonous apex of

its stem is nearly smooth.

CYPERUS ELEGANS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.. 1: 68. 1762.
Cyperus viscosus Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 20. 1788.
DisTRIBUTION: Common in th. West Indies; frequent in other parts of tropical

America.
Differs from its allies in that its stems and foliage are usually minutely viscid-

pubescent.

Cyperus prouixus H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 206. 1815.

‘Comostemum schottti Nees, Linnaea 9: 283. 1834.

Cyperus amplissimus Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 316. 1855.

DistripuTION: Warmer parts of America, frequent.

A showy species, allied to C. distans L. f. Stem 1 to 1.5 meters long Leaves
50 to 100 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide. Umbel 40 to 60 cm. in diameter and copious.
Spikelets 15 mm. long, 10 to 18; flowered, pale or brick-reddish.
CYPERUS ARTICULATUS L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753.

DistripuTION: Almost all warm regions throughout the world.

Stems stout, 10 to 20 cm. long, terete, false-septate. Bracts of the umbel almost
none.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 451

CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 67. 1762.

DisTRIBUTION: Common in all warmer parts of the world; a troublesome weed in
cultivated lands.

Allied to C. esculentus L. and much resembling it; differing by its stolons, which
are stout and woody, rather than slender and evanescent.

3. MARISCUS Gaertn.

Spikelets 1 to several-flowered; rachilla continuous, deciduous from a cushion just
above the two lowest empty glumes; fertile glumes long persistent; otherwise like
Cyperus.—Leaves in the Costa Rican species elongated, narrow, green.

Species 180, distributed to all the warmer parts of the globe.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikelets few-flowered, narrow; umbel simple.
Spikelets minyte, maturing but 1 nut.................... M. haenkei.
Spikelets maturing 2 to 4 nuts, greenish straw-color ..-.... 2. M. sieberianus.
Spikes of every ray of the umbel digitate; spikelets short, bear-
ing few nutlets.

Spikes long.
mrceeis tutid, red-dotted..<... 2.5.2... sdee3---.- 3. M. mutisir.
Spikelets green, linear-oblong ..........-..-.---------- 4. M.ehrenbergianus.
Spikes short.
Spikelets short, tawny, congested .....,.....-..-..-- 5. M. rufus.
Spikelets oblong, maturing 3 to 7 nuts; rootstock horizontal.
Umber crowded ‘almost imto @ head .22:..-.222..2.48.-2~- 6. M. manimae.

Spikelets spicate, mostly loosely so.
Spikelets linear, maturing 2 to 4 nuts; spikes usually long.

Spikelets somewhat densely crowded..........------- 7. M. jacquini.

pparcierntainer TemMoLe’. ¥.° 2. eee evi ees es ee 8. M. dissitiflorus.
Spikelets usually maturing 4 to 16 nuts.

pomorlets linear, preen..-...s.. 2i0..8 soe So pole ese cat 9. M. flabelliformis.

Spikelets yellowish-brown, flattened ............-.-.- 10. M. strigosus.

Spikelets deep blood-red brown ............-----..-- 11. M. saturatus.

1. Mariscus haenkii J. 8S. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk 1: 181. 1828.

Cyperus pittiert Boeck]. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 19. 1896.

Umbel simple; spikes rather small, sessile or nearly so, dense, dark-brown; spike-
lets linear-oblong, maturing but 1 nut; fertile glume striate, acutish; style 3-fid;
nut linear-oblong, two-thirds the length of: the:glume.—Fruiting spikelets 3 > mm.
long, 5 to 1 mm. wide, not turgid; rachilla broadly winged above the fertile glume,
the wing resembling a second glume, but the rachilla also bearing a very small
depauperate glume.

DistrRiBUTION: California; Mexico.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2711.

2. Mariscus sieberianus Nees, Linnaea 9: 286. 1834.

DisTRIBUTION: Very common in the warmer parts of the Old World; in the New

World rare.

2a. Mariscus sieberianus evolutior ©. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 622.
1894. Spikelets linear, 2 to 4 nut-bearing.
DistrRiBuTION: Heated regions of the Old World, rather frequent; in the New.
World less so.
Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Talamanca, Tonduz 8737; El Rodeo de Paquita, altitude
900 meters, Tonduz 1621.

13391—08——2

452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

3. Mariscus mutisii H. 8. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. pl. 66. 1815.

Cyperus mutisti Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 567. 1864.

DistripuTion: Tropical parts of America.

Costa Rican couiections: Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8844; Rio
Tiribf, Tonduz 6947.

4. Mariscus ehrenbergianus (Boeckl.) C. B. Clarke.

Cyperus ehrenbergianus Boeck]. Linnaea 36: 391. 1869-70.

Cyperus randuzii [tonduzii] Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 17. 1896, slender
variety excluded.

Spikes 2 to 6, cylindric, dense, digitate on each rather long ray of the umbel; spike-
lets small, oblong, each maturing | to 3 tawny greenish nuts; glumes ovate, acute,
imbricated in fruit; style 3-fid.

DistripuTION: Tropical America, sparse.

Costa Rican couuections: Nicoya, Tonduz 13743; El Rodeo de Paquita, alti-
tude 900 meters, Tonduz 1621.

5. Mariscus rufus® H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. pl. 67. 1845.

Cyperus ligularis L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 391. 1759. ;

Cyperus coriifolius Boeck]. Linnaea 36: 391. 1869-70, in part.

DisTRIBUTION: Common in tropical Africa and America.

Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Sipurio, altitude 150 meters, Tonduz 8728; Puerto
Limon, Pittier 4213; Boca Banana, Tonduz 9123; Limén, Tonduz 9795; Salinas
Bay, Tonduz 2712; San Carlos, Tonduz 2590.

6. Mariscus manimae (H. B. K.) C. B. Clarke.

Cyperus manimae H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 209. 1815

Cyperus spectabilis coarctatus Boeckl. Linnaea 35: 606. 1867-68, in part.

Stolon thickened into a rhizome 3 to 4 mm. in diameter; spikes 2 to 4, rather long-
peduncled, forming a simple umbel, ovoid or cylindric, dense, tawny yellow green;
spikelets oblong, maturing 3 to 7 nuts; glumes ovate, obtuse, striate, at length
obliquely spreading, not caducous; style 3-fid; nut ellipsoid, trigonous, two-thirds
to three-fourths as long as the glume.

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico,

6a. Mariscus manimae divergens (H. B. K.) C. B. Clarke.
Cyperus divergens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 208. 1815.
Cyperus triceps Nees, Linnaea 19: 697. 1847.
Cyperus asperrimus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 30. 1849.
Spikes sessile or short-peduncled; summit of stem, together with the bracts and
leaves, often densely or sparsely hispid-scabrous.
DistRIBUTION: In Central America (with the Andes at Quito) abundant.
Costa Rican couLections: Hoffmann 343; Cartago, altitude 1,400 meters, Tonduz
10756.
Species common in Central America in many varieties and forms. In my opinion
the following belong here:
6b. Mariscus manimae apiculatus (Liebm.) C. B. Clarke.
Cyperus apiculatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 32. 1849.
Keels of the glumes excurrent.

Gc. Mariscus manimae hartwegianus ©. |. Clarke.

Spikes crowded into a single head; spikelets dark-red, 10 to 12-flowered.
7. Mariscus jacquinii H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. 181.

Carex hermaphrodita Jacq. Coll. 4: 174. 1790.

Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh. Linnaea 4: 24. 1831.

Mariscus longiradiatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 44. 1849.

« The specific name ligularis is older and unoccupied.—Epiror.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA, 453

Disrripurion: An American species, frequent from California to Venezuela.

Costa Rican coutLections: Hoffmann 54; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Cooper
5990, Tonduz 1428, in part; Cartago, altitude 1,300 meters, Tonduz 10445.
7a. Mariscus jacquinii angustior ©. P. Clarke, subsp. nov.

Cyperus flavomariscus peduncularis Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 215. 1886.4

Smaller, bracts and spikes narrower, less deeply colored.

DisTRIBUTION: Frequent from California to Venezuela.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: San Francisco de Guadalupe, altitude 1,100 meters,
Tonduz 9699, 9043; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1532.

Hardly, by its denser spikes, specifically distinct from M. dissitiflorus.
8. Mariscus dissitiflorus (. B. Clarke in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 45. 1900.

Cyperus dissitiflorus Nees, Linnaea 9: 285. 1834.

Cyperus randuzii [tonduzii| tenuis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 2: 17. 1896.

DisTRIBUTION: Louisiana to Venezuela.

Costa RIcaN coLLecTIONS: Biolley 9461; Talamanca, altitude 200 meters, Ton-
duz 9505; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1428, in part.
8a. Mariscus dissitiflorus lucidior ©. B. Clarke in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 45.

1900.

Cyperus pseudosphacelatus Boeckl. Cyp. Nov. 2: 7. 1890.

DisTRIBUTION: Texas to Guiana.

Costa Rican couLections: Along rdad at Guadalupe, Tonduz 9786.
9. Mariscus flabelliformis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 215. 1815.

Cyperus caracasanus Kunth, Enum. 2: 86. 1837.

Cyperus breviradiatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 26. 1849.

Cyperus hartii Boeckl. Cyp. Nov. 1: 9. 1888.

DisTRIBUTION: Tropics of both Old and New Worlds, more especially of the New.

Costa Rican cotiections: Polakowsky 43, 541; Salinas Bay, Pittier 2717:
Rio Tuis, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8183: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier
225; Tonduz 433; slopes of La Carpintera, altitude 1,700 meters | Pittier], 4335; Tur-
rialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8351; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz
8842; Nicoya, Tonduz 13774; Rio Zhorquin, Tonduz 8530; Talamanca, Tonduz 8737;
San Rafael, Pittier 2584; Puerto Viejo, Biolley 7461; Golfo de Osa, Tonduz 10027.

Cyperus hartii Boeckl. is a feebler form, the spikelets sometimes bearing few nuts.

Mariscus flabelliformis differs from M. jacquinii 6 and M. dissitiflorus by having
the rays of its umbel much shorter, while the spikelets are often longer.

Here many species have been proposed by various authors, which are not distinct.

10. Mariscus strigosus (L.) ©. B. Clarke.

Cyperus strigosus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753.

Rhizome hardly any; leaves and tracts long, narrow, not spongiose; umbel simple
or compound; spikes short-cylindric, dense, yellow-brown; spikelets linear, flattened,
maturing 6 to 8 nuts, divaricately spreading; glumes elliptic, scarcely acute, at
length obliquely spreading; style 3-fid; nut linear-oblong, curved, half the length of
the glume.

DISTRIBUTION: United States, common. Also in Mexico and Costa Rica.

Costa Rican COoLLecTIONS: Talamanca, Tonduz 8746 bis.

ll. Mariscus saturatus (C. B. Clarke) Donnell Smith.

Cyperus saturatus C. B. Clarke, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 517. 1906.

Robust, leaves and bracts long, rather broad, somewhat triple-nerved; umbel com-
pound, rather dense; spikelets in fascicles of 3 to 8 in a place, deep blood-red
brown, narrowly oblong, 12 to 20-flowered; glumes in fruit hardly imbricate, their

«This citation is made instead of Cyperus flavus peduncularis Britton, Proc. Am.
Acad. 21: 442. 1886, used by Mr. Clarke, the latter name being a nomen nudum.

454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

margins slightly incurved; rachilla of the spikelets wingless; style 3-fid; nut broadly
ellipsoid, tapering to each end, half the length of the glume, scabrous, especially at
apex, with small elevated points.—Leaves nearly a meter long, as much as 2 em.
wide. Umbel subglobose, 9 cm. in diameter. Spikelets 12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide.
I doubt whether this be not really the Cyperus laetus of Pres.
Costa Rican coLLections: Llanos de Santa Clara, altitude 200 meters, Donnell
Smith 4989, 6839; Tufs, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8185, 11391.

5. TORULINIUM Desy.

Spikelets terete or nearly so, maturing 4 to 16 nuts; rachilla breaking into joints;
nut partly inclosed by the wings of the rachilla and deciduous with its node; other-
wise like Mariscus.

Species 8, of which 7 are endemic in America, chiefly tropical; the other distributed
to the warmer parts of both hemispheres.

1. Torulinium confertum “@ Hamilt. Prod. Ind. Occ. 15. 1825.

Cyperus odoratus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753, in part.

Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792.

Cyperus jubaeflorus Rudge, Pl. Guian. 17. pl. 21. 1805.

Mariscus pohlianus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 50. 1842.

Diclidium ferox Schrad.; Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 54. 1842.

Mariscus ferax ©. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 624. 1893.

Cyperus laetus obtusiflorus Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 2. 1896.

DistriBUTION: Occurs in all warm countries, more sparingly in the Old World,
very common in the New and in Oceania.

Costa Rican coLLections: Rio Coto de Osa, Pittier 9987; La Florida, Pittier
11291; Talamanca, altitude 0 to 200 meters, Tonduz 8746, 9506; Tocorf, Tonduz 7712;
San Rafael, Pittier, 2585; Puerto Viejo, Biolley 7457.

6. ELEOCHARIS R. Br.

Glumes rather many, or very numerous, in from 3 to many spirals; the lowest
obtuse, usually vacant, little or not at all longer than the others; lowest flower bisex-
ual, maturing a nut; hypogynous bristles 3 to 8, usually of about the length of the
nut, retrorsely scabrous, sometimes wanting; stamens 3 to 1, anterior; style. glabrous,
its branches 3 or 2, linear; style base enlarged, pyramidal or bulb-like or conical,
easily distinguished from the summit of the nut; nut trigonous, or plano-convex,
sessile, narrowly or broadly obovoid; style persistent on the nut.—Stems glabrous,
leafless, bearing a single spike.

Species 120, dispersed throughout the world; abundant in America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Stoloniferous; stems robust; spikes rather long-cylindric; glumes firm, plano-con-
cave, hardly keeled, deep straw-color. (Subgenus LIMNOcCHLOA.)

- Stems at apex triquetrous or acutely triangular..............- 1. EB. mutata,

Stems at apex terete or obscurely triangular. ........- \camcqura 2. E. variegata.
Stems small, or of middle size; glumes membranaceous, 1 to 3-
nerved on the keel; style bifid. (Subgenus ELEOGENUs).
Sheath delicately scarious at summit, rugose, easily worn off.

Stems slender or-capillary~...<> 24 <% eames aa ee awake oe 3. E. ochreata.

Stems tather Tel 20 1) o<sk. cog veh aeeoe = ween eeeenes 4. E. olivacea.
Sheath herbaceous at summit, or at least firm.

Annual, tufted si. sce os Fa ic ie teh Veneer 5. EB. capitata.

Rootetock horisontal, stout ....205.1<.c6 fe wuss dens 6. E. nodulosa.

—

a The specific name ferax is older and unoccupied.—Ep1ror.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA, 455

Spike much broader than the stem; glumes membranaceous, often
green on the keel; style 3-fid. (Subgenus EurLEOcHARIS. )
Nut costate lengthwise; transversely barred between the costac

ee a 8 ORE SSE 2 eS ee = ae eS pe eye ae 7. E. acicularis.
Nut cancellate, hardly costate lengthwise (CHAETARIAE) ..... S. FE. chaetaria.
Nut smooth, or obscurely reticulate, not cancellate ( LE1ocar-

PICAE).

Stems slender, or at least not stout.
Annuals, tufted: nut white.

Stems capillary or setaceous.................--. 9. BE. minima.
Stems slender, 4-angled......................-.. 10. FB. durandii.
Rhizomatous.
Spike narrower at summit; nut white.........-.. 11. EF. suleata.
ppake Obovoid;- nut tawny’: .:.--5-.--.-.>)...-2--. 12. EF. pachystyla.
Stems 3 to 8 mm. in diameter, false septate. ...........-- 13. 2. geniculata.

1. Eleocharis mutata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Noy. Hol. 224. 1810.

Scirpus mutatus L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 391. 1760.

Limnochloa mutata Nees, Linnaea 9: 294. 1834.

DistRiBuTION: From Mexico to Uruguay; quite common in the West Indies and
tropical America generally.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Limon, Pittier 10342.

2. Eleocharis variegata Presl in Oken, Isis 21: 269. 1828.

DistrrBuTION: Mascarene Islands.

2a. Eleocharis variegata laxiflora Ridley, Journ. Singapore Asiat. Soc. 23: 14.
1891.

Scirpus laviflorus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 435. 1864.

Scirpus plicarhachis Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 239. 1866.

DistrIBuTION: In southeastern Asia, frequent; more sparingly in Oceania and
Central America.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters, Pittier 10593.

. Eleocharis ochreata (Grisebach) Nees; C. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2:

63. 1900.

Chactocyperus polymorphus Nees, Linnaea 9: 289. 1834, in part, nomen nudum.

Eleocharis ochreatus Nees, op. cit. 294, nomen nudum.

Scirpus ochreatus Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 570. 1864.

Heleocharis albivaginata Boeckl. Vidensk. Meddel. Kjéb. 133. 1869-70; Linnaea 36:
436. 1870.

H. pittieri Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 35. 1896.

DistriBuTION: Warmer parts of America common; in the Old World less so, but
in several varieties.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 548.

. Eleocharis olivacea Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 300. 1836.

Stems 5 to 10 cm. long; sheath scarious at summit, loose, crisped, easily worn off;

spikelet 5 to 8 mm. long; 7 to 30-flowered; style bifid; nut obovoid, plano-convex,

olive-green, becoming tawny chestnut colored, smooth, obsoletely reticulate; style

base small, bulbous-conical.—Rootstock slender. Spikelet ovoid, acutish. Hypo-

gynous bristles 7, or sometimes 6, or even 3 only, surpassing the nut.

DistrrpuTion: From Canada to Florida and Colorado sparingly; Costa Rica.

Costa Rican CoLLecTIONS: La Palma, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, Tonduz, 9697.

Species rather closely allied to EF. ochreata, Nees; differing by its firmer texture.

5. Eleocharis capitata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 225. 1810.

Scirpus caribaeus Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 46. pl. 15. f. 3. 1773.

Scirpus capitatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753, in part.

456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Eleocharis setacea R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 225. 1810, not R. Br. op. cit. 224.

Eleogenus capitatus Nees, Linnaea 9: 294, 1834,

DistRIBUTION: Warmer regions of both hemispheres, common.

Costa Rican CoLLections: Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 9216.
6. Eleocharis nodulosa Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 87. 1824.

Scirpus nodulosus Roth, Novy. Pl. Sp. Ind. Or. 29. 1821.

Eleogenus nodulosus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 104. 1842.

DisrripuTION: From Missouri to Texas and Uruguay, very common.

Costa Rican coutLecrions: Hoffmann 624; [Tonduz] 8845; El Tablazo, altitude
1,800 meters, Tonduz 7916, 7917.
7. Eleocharis acicularis R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 224. 1810.

Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753.

Chaetocyperus polymorphus Nees, Linnaea 9: 289. 1834, in part.

DisrriBuTION: In tropical and warm temperate regions of both Old World and
New, very common.

Costa Rican cCoLLEcTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 2978, Tonduz 10762,
10764.

8. Eleocharis chaetaria® Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 154. 1817.

Scirpus chaetarius Spreng. Syst 1: 203. 1825.

Cyperus setaceus Retz. Obs. 5: 10, 1779-91.

Eleocharis setacea R. Br. Prod. Fl. Noy. Holl. 224, 1810, not R. Br. op. cit. 225.

Chaetocyperus niveus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selskr. Skr. 2: 54. 1849.

Chaetocy perus rugulosus Nees, Bonplandia 3: 86. 1855.

Heleocharis triflora Boeckl. Flora 68: 437. 1880.

DistrrBuTION: In all tropical and témperate parts of the world, very common.

Costa Rican coLLections: Polakowsky 404; Tres Rios, Pittier 4338; La Palma,
altitude 1,500 meters, Pittier 311, 676, Tonduz 12646; Turrialba, altitude 500 meters,
Tonduz 8265; Rio Tuis, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8184, 11253; Golfo de Osa, Ton-
duz 9938; Buenos Aires, Pittier 3586, Tonduz 4889; El Rodeo de Paquita, altitude 900
meters, Tonduz 1619.

9. Eleocharis minima Kunth, Enum. 2: 139. 1837. :
Chaetocy perus urceolatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 55. 1849.
DistTRIBUTION: Florida and Mexico to Rio de Janeiro.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Cafas Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 10951.

10. Eleocharis durandii Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 34. 1896.

Tufted, stems 10 to 30 cm. long, slender, sharply quadrangular; spikelet 4 to 7 mm.
long, ellipsoidal, obtuse, dense; style 3-fid; bristles 6, about equaling the nut, white;
nut small, trigonous, smooth, white, not much narrowed at summit, subtruncate, —
style base pyramidal, tawny.—Rhizome none (or according to Boeckeler occasion-
ally long and slender). Stems strict; sheath firm at summit, on one side produced
lanceolately. Bristles retrorsely scabrous. Style short, its branches 3, long. As to
its nut and bristles, altogether recalling E. microcarpa Torr.; the species differs from
that, perhaps not sufficiently, by its rather more robust stems.

Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4887.

ll. Eleocharis sulcata Nees, Linnaea 9: 294. 1834.

Scirpus sulcatus Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. Ind. Or. 30. 1821.

Fimbristylis sulcata Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 52. 1824.

Scirpidium sulcatum Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 98. 1843.

a The older specific name setacea is available for this. plant. Robert Brown refers
Cyperus setaceus of Retzius and Willdenow to this genus, but fails to form the bino-
mial.—Epiror.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 45

Limnochloa calyptrata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 56. 1849.

Heleocharis calyptrata Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 81. 1855.

Heleocharis rothiana Boeckl. Flora 43: 3. 1860.

Heleocharis emarginata Klotzsch; Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 443. 1870.

Heleocharis costaricensis Boeck]. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 2: 34. 1896.

Heleocharis purpureo-vaginata Boeckl. loc. cit.

DistRIBUTION: From Mexico to Argentina; very common.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 11026:
Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4884; Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz
4637.

12. Eleocharis pachystyla ©. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 72. 1900.

Scirpus pachystylus C. Wright in Sauy. Fl. Cub. 174. 1873.

DisTRIBUTION: Cuba, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guiana, Pernambuco, Costa Rica.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Cafas Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 11025.

13. Eleocharis geniculata R. Pr. Prod. Fl. Noy. Holl. 224. 1810.

Scirpus geniculatus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 71. 1762, in part.

Eleocharis constricta Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 87. 1824.

Limnochloa geniculata Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 99. 1842.

DisTRIBUTION: From Mexico to Uruguay, very common.

Costa RicaAN COLLECTIONS: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 3843, 4636; Agua
Caliente, altitude 1,300 meters, Pittier 107; Rio Tuts, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz
11390; Turrialba, altitude 600 meters, Pittier 14254, Tonduz 8300; La Palma, altitude
1,500 meters, Pitter 10187; Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 9219; Desampa-
rados, Biolley 3465, Tonduz 1501; Carrillo, altitude 300 meters, Pittier, 1184.

ELEOCHARIS SPECIES TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA.

ELEOCHARIS MONTANA Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 153. 1817.

Scirpus montanus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 226. 1815.

Limnochloa truncata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 56. 1849.

DisTRIBUTION: Very common in Central America and occurring almost throughout
the warmer parts of America.

Related to FE. sulcata Nees, but differing in its longer, stouter rhizome and yellow
nut, as well as in minor particulars.

7. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl.

Glumes several or many, imbricated all around or (in section Abilgaardia) the lower
somewhat 2-ranked; 1 to 3 lower vacant; several lower flowers bisexual and perfecting
nuts; hypogynous bristles none; stamens 3 to 1, anterior, style branches, 3 or 2,
linear; style base separated from the nut by a constriction or a line and deciduous
with it; nut trigonous or plano-convex, sessile or substipitate.—Stolons none. Stems
naked, i. e., nodes and leaves all near the base of the stem. Inflorescence umbellate,
or monocephalous, or of a single spike.

Species 130, dispersed in warm countries everywhere, especially in the Old World;
unknown in either mountainous or cold regions.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Style branches 2. (DicHELOsTYLIs. )

Nut conspicuously 5 to 9-costate on both faces. ............-- 1. F. diphylla.
Nut rather obscurely reticulate, not costate lengthwise.
Spikelets ellipsoidal, obtusish ...............-......--- 2. F. castanea.
Spikelets subcylindric, narrowed at apex ...........-.-- 3. F. spadicea.

455 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Style branches 3; fertile ghumes imbricated all around. (TrichE-
LOSTYLIS. }

Stems supporting but a solitary spikelet; nut pyriform...... 4. F. preslii.

Spikelets umbellate, small, subglobose ...................- 5. F. miliacea.
Style branches 3; fertile glumes somewhat 2-ranked; stem almost

always with but a single spikelet. (ABILDGAARDIA)........ 6. I. monostachya.

1. Fimbristylis diphylla Vahl, Hnum. 2: 289. 1806.

Scirpus diphyllus Retz. Obs. 5: 15. 1779-1791.

Fimbristylis lava Vahl, num. 2: 292. 1806. :

Fimbristylis communis Kunth, Enum. 2: 234. 1837, certain synonyms excluded.

Fimbristylis pentastachya Boeckl. Flora 40: 36. 1857. F

Fimbristylis polymorpha Boeckl. Vidensk. Meddel. Kjéb. 141. 1869. .

DisrripuTion: In torrid and temperate regions of the whole world, also everywhere
common within such limits.

Costa Rican couvections: [Tonduz] 8840; Hoffmann 189, 626; Talamanca, alti-
tude 100 meters, Tonduz 8673, 9221; San Carlos, Tonduz 2588, 2591; Boruca, altitude
450 meters, Tonduz 4480; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1812, Pittier 647;
Rio Torres, Tonduz 647 bis; Vallée du General, Tonduz 3378; Térraba, Tonduz
3579: Rio Tuifs, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8182; Turrialba, Tonduz 8256; Llanos
de Turricares, altitude 650 meters, Pittier 506.

2. Fimbristylis castanea Vahl, Enum. 2: 292. 1806.

Scirpus castaneus Michx. Fl. 1: 31. 1803.

Stem 2 to 7 dm. long; leaves long; umbel simple or compound; spikelets ellip-
soidal, obtusish, brown or tawny chestnut color; glumes glabrous, or rarely a little
pilose; style bifid; nut obovoid, obtuse, smooth, delicately reticulate, in color
approaching tawny.

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico and the United States, frequent; Costa Rica.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Salinas Bay, Pittier 2719.

3. Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 294. 1806.

Scirpus spadiceus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 51. 1753.

Fimbristylis cylindrica Vahl, Enum. 2: 293. 1806.

DisrripuTion: Warmer parts of America, common.

Costa Rican coxiLections: Hoffmann 300; Punta Mala, Tonduz 6830; Salinas
Bay, Pittier 2718.

4. Fimbristylis preslii Kunth, Enum. 2: 228. 1837.

Abilgaardia pubescens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 180. 1830.

Culm scabrous-puberulent, bearing a single spike; leaves setaceous, pilose; glumes
ovate, obtuse, imbricated on all sides of their axis; nut obovoid-pyriform,
being much narrowed from the middle to the base, yellowish brown; style
3-fid, promptly caducous along with its narrowly pyramidal base.

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia.

Costa Rican COLLECTION: Nicoya, Tonduz 13743.

5. Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl, Enum. 2: 287. 1806.

Scirpus miliaceus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 37. 1784.

Trichelostylis miliacea Nees, Linnaea 1: 290. 1834.

DistriputTion: In all warm countries; abundant in Asia and Oceania, in Africa
and America rare.

Costa Rican coutections: Liebmann; Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4635.
6. Fimbristylis monostachya Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 61. 1848.

Cyperus monostachyus L. Mant. 2: 180. 1771.

Abildgaardia monostachya Vahl, Enum. 2 : 296. 1806.

Distripution: In hot countries almost everywhere.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, altitude 250 meters, Pittier, 2698.

CLARKE—-THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 454

8. BULBOSTYLIS Kunth.“

Fertile glumes usually minutely pilose; style long, slender, glabrous, its branches 3,
linear; style base extremely small, at length, after the falling away of the style becom-
ing dark colored and remaining attached to the nut; otherwise like Fimbristylis.
Stolons none. Stems tufted, slender, naked. Leaves setaceous, or at least extremely ,
narrow; sheaths almost always ciliate or bearded at the orifice. — Inflorescence umbelled
or of one head or spikelet.

Species 80, dispersed through all warm countries; particularly in Africa and America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
eartne a HOltary splkelet. _-..-.:-2.--- ee anaes bees ee. 1. B. paradora.
Spikelets umbellate.
Spikelets, at least some of them, fascicled.................... 2. B. juneformis.
SPE OPIRCCINAEE. 2 bo dele ee cee... 5. B. copillens.

1. Bulbostylis paradoxa Kunth, Enum. 2: 206. 1837.

Schoenus paradoxus Spreng. Syst. 1: 190. 1825.

Oncostylis paradoxa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2: 81. 1843.

Isolepis paradoxa Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 100. 1855.

Scirpus paradoxus Boeckl. Linnaea 36 : 739. 1869-70.

Rynchospora perrigida Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 93. 1896.

Culm 8 to 16 cm. long, glabrous, bearing a single spike; spikelets ellipsoid, white-
lanate; style 3-fid; nut obovoid, pale brown; transversely undulate-zoned; style base
at length left upon the nut.

DistRiBUTION: Tropical South America, frequent.

Costa Rican coLLections: Pittier & Tonduz 2698 b; burnt savannas at Buenos
Aires, Tonduz 3590.

2. Bulbostylis junciformis (H. B. K.) Kunth, Enum. 2: 211. 1837.

Isolepis junciformis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. Sp. 1: 222. 1815.

Scirpus humboldtii Spreng. Syst. 1: 213. 1825.

Oncostylis junciformis Nees in Mart. Fl. 2! : 85. 1843.

Isolepis berlandiert Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 103. 1855.

DistRIBUTION: From Mexico to Montevideo, frequent.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz, 4,481; Buenos
Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4,883.

3. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke in Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 652. 1894.6

Scirpus capillaris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 49. 1793.

Cyperus minimus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753, in part.

Isolepis capillaris Roem. & Schult. Syst: 2: 118. 1824.

Oncostylis tenuifolia Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 83. 1842.

Oncostylis ciliata Nees, op. cit. 83.

Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray, Man. 530. 1848.

Trichelostylis capillaris Wood, Class-Book 742. 1861. -

Scirpus microstachys Boeckl. Cyp. Noy. 2: 14. 1890.

Stenophyllus capillaris Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 30. 1894.

DistrRiBuTION: From Canada to Argentina, common. Subspecies trifida com-
mon in warmer parts of the Old World.

Costa Rican coLitections: Nicoya, Tonduz 13742 bis.

@ Bulbostylis Kunth is antedated by Stenophyllus Raf.—Eprror.
b Mr. Clarke credits this combination to Kunth, Enum. 2: 211, ef. 205, 1837, but
the binomial can hardly be regarded as technically published by Kunth.—Eprror.

460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

9. SCIRPUS L.

Spikelets with several or many perfect flowers; lowest one or two glumes sometimes
empty, those next succeeding bisexual, perfecting nuts, the uppermost imperfect;
glumes in several spirals, glabrous except marginally; style 3 or 2-fid, its base not
enlarged, but passing gradually into the top of the ovary. Sheaths of the leaves not
ciliate or bearded at the orifice.

Species 136, diffused all over the world.

Style persistent, its branches 3, rather long....................... 1. S. inundatus.
Style deciduous, its branches 2, very short...................... 2. S. micranthus.

1. Scirpus inundatus Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 103. 1817.

Isolepis inundata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Noy. Holl. 1: 222. 1810.

Isolepis nigricans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 220. 1815.

Scirpus nigricans Poir. Encye. Suppl. 5: 104. 1817.

Stem 2 to 20 cm. long, monocephalous; spikelets 2 to 14, capitate, 4 to 8 mm. long;
hypogynous bristles none; style 3-fid; nut oblong-obovoid, minutely conic-rostrate,
smooth, yellow brown.

DisTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand, and western South America, common.

Costa Rican COLLEcTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier, 2979; Tonduz
10760; Irazt, altitude 2,300 meters, Pittier 853.

2. Scirpus micranthus Vahl, Enum. 2: 254. 1806.

Isolepis micrantha Roem. & Schult. 2: 110. 1817.

Henvicarpha subsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 61. pl. 4. f. 1. 1842.

Isolepis caespitula Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 49. 1849.

DisrripuTION: Angola; also frequent in almost all parts of America.

Costa Rican CoLLectTION: Talamanca. altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 8607.

SPECIES OF SCIRPUS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA.

ScrrPuS CUBENSISs Kunth, Enum. 2: 172. 1837.
Anosporum cubense Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 413. 1869-70.
Crepidocarpus cubensis Klotzsch; Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 414. 1869-70, as synonym.
Isolepis echinocephala Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 167. pl. 107. 1875.
Spikes globose, dense, loosely umbellate; hypogynous bristles none; style bifid. —
DisrripuTion: Tropical Africa and America, frequent.

10. FUIRENA Rottb.

Characters of Scirpus except as to the 3 inner hypogynous bristles, these being obovate
and shaped like petals.—Stems nodose above the base and leafy. Inflorescence not
umbellate. Glumes aristate, hispid-pilose.

Species 35, dispersed in the warmer parts of the whole world.

1. Fuirena umbellata Rottb. Deser. & Icon. 70 pl. 19 [i. ©. second pl. 18] f. 3.
~ 1773.

DistRIBUTION: Common in almost all warm countries.

Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 9222; Matina,
Pittier 10316.

11. DULICHIUM LI. ©. Rich.

Spikelets 5 to 8-flowered; glumes in 2 ranks; hypogynous bristles 6 to-8; style long,
its base passing gradually into the summit of the ovary, its branches 2, short; nut
oblong, plano-convex.—Stem rather stout, closely jointed throughout; the lower
sheaths ending in a leaf, the upper ina bract. Rachilla as in Torulinium breaking

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 46]

into l-seeded joints. Type iar removed from the Hucyperaceae by its closely jointed
culm and its hypogynous bristles.

Species 1, American.

1. Dulichium arundinaceum (IL.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 29. 1894.4

Cyperus arundinaceus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753.

Schoenus spathaceus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762.

Cyperus ferrugineus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762, as citation.

Dulichium spathaceum L. C. Rich. in Pers. Syn. 1: 65. 1805.

Scirpus spathaceus Michx. Fl. 1: 32. 1802.

Stems 40 to 100 cm. long ,with 20 to 40 nodes; leaves 10 em. long, 6 mm. wide; pan-
icle 10 to 30 cm. long; lower bracts leaf-like, distant from each other by about 1 to 5 em.
spikelets 2 cm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, subterete; hypogynous bristles rather rigid,
surpassing the nut.

DistripuTIon: From Canada and Oregon to Florida and California, frequent;

- Costa Rica.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Lomas del Silencio, Diquis Valley, altitude 600 meters,

Pittier 1203.
iz. DICHROMENA Vahl.

Glumes very many, closely compacted in many spirals; 3 or more of the lowest
vacant, 1 to 3 next above these bisexual, perfecting nuts; several of the uppermost
staminate only and infertile; hypogynous bristles none; stamens 3 or 2, anterior;
style linear, its branches 2, linear, longer than the undivided part; nut sessile, obovoid
or orbicular, compressed, crowned with pyramidal, depressed or conical persistent
style-base.—Plants rather slender, the leaves narrow. Stems naked, monocephalous.
Spikelets whitish, capitate. Bracts exceeding the inflorescence, narrow, dilated and
whitish at base.

Species 13, peculiar to tropic and subtropic America.

Spikelets white, subspicately capitate........-.--.-..-..-----.--.- 1. D. ciliata.
Spikelets cinnamon-color, | to 5, sessile............--...---------.-- 2. D. radicans.

1. Dichromena ciliata Vahl, Enum. 2: 240. 1806.

Dichromena nervosa Vahl, Enum. 2: 241. 1806, in part.

Schoenus globosus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 229. 1815.

Dichromena pura Nees, Linnaea 9: 291. 1834.

Rynchospora nervosa Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 529. 1873, the synonym Dichromena pul-
chella Kunth excluded.

DistriputTion: Central America and tropical South America.

Costa Rican coLutections: Hoffmann 608; Turrialba, Tonduz 8228; San José, alti-
tude 1,100 meters, Pittier 4216, Tonduz 432, 1232; Guanacaste, Tonduz 2708, 2709:
Buenos Aires, Pittier 3585; Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2865; San Francisco de Guadalupe,
Tonduz 8447; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8841; Boruca, Tonduz 4477;
Mano de Tigre, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 4639.

la. Dichromena ciliata vahliana ©. B. Clarke. in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2; 101.
1900.
Schoerus tenuifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 228. 1815.
Rynchospora vahliana Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 577. 1864.
Stolons long.
DistrRiBuTION: Cuba, Guadalupe, Costa Rica.
Costa Rican COLLECTION: Nicoya, Tonduz 13943.

a4 The specific name arundinaceum as oldest is here adopted in accordance with
current practice instead of spathacewm used in Mr. Clarke’s manuscript.—Eprror.
6The name tenuifolia is older than vahliana and unoccupied.—Eprror.

462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL TERBARIUM.

2. Dichromena radicans Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 38. 1831.
Dichromena pubera Vahl, Enum, 2; 241. 1806, in part.
Dichromena pubera microcarpa Boeckl. Linnaea 37; 529. 1873. i
DistRiBuTION: Central America, tropical South America; also in the West Indies,
quite common,
Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San Rafael de Cartago, Pittier 2583.

13. RYNCHOSPORA Vall.

Glumes in many spirals or else obscurely 2-ranked; 3 or more of the lower empty,
| to several above these bisexual and nut-bearing, the uppermost staminate or empty;
hypogynous bristles sometimes wanting, when present 6 or 7, irregular; stamens 3 or
2, anterior; style bifid, in the series of the Haplostyleae very long, at apex shortly
bidentate, in the series of the Diplostyleae deeply cleft, the branches linear; nut obo-
void, compressed, crowned with the conical and persistent style base.—Inflorescence
capitate or panicled, near umbellate. Leaves always obvious, linear.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Style long; the two branches short, oralmost none. (HAPLOSTYLEAE.)

Stem monocephalous. (MONOCEPHALAE)_..........--..-. 1. R. globosa.
Heads globose, several, rarely but one. (PoLycEPHALAE)... 2. R. eyperoides.

Spikelets solitary or fascicled, disposed in corymhs. (Ca-
LYPTROSTYLEAE. )

Spikelets yellow, or yellow-brown............-.-...--- 3. R. aurea.
Spikelets from greenish to chestnut brown.
Stem-leaves many, approximate; bristlesnone .... 4. R. polyphylla.

Stems less densely leafy; bristles often obvious.
Spikelets green, or somewhat chestnut-tinged.

Spikelets 7 to 8 mim. long...............-. 5. R. schiedeana.

Spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long ...............- 6. R. locuples.
Spikelets chestnut-brown or tawny. :

Bristles of about the length of the nut .._-. 7. R. macrochacta.

Bristles longer than the very small nut.... 8. R. vudeani.

Style linear; branches 2, linear, longer than the undivided part.
( DIPLOSTYLEAE. )
Bristles none. (PstmosTacuys.)
Nut transversely undulate.

Style base depressed, nearly discoid ......-...... 9. R. eximia.
Style base pyrantidal.... vou a. ue eee hoe 10. R. robusta.
Nut smooth, not undulate.
Spikelets. 9 nam, long... 3-5-2 aetek ew Pee ae ll. R. longispicata.
Spikelets 2 to Stun. lop: 52 2030 ld ee Se 12. R. clarkei.
Bristles scabrous anteriorly; nut smooth; head solitary, | to
4 em: long “(i osORRa ores See Poe ee be 13. R. cephalotes.

Bristles scabrous anteriorly; nut transversely undulate.
(GLAUCAE.) .
Spikelets more or less fascicled in the corymbs.

Peduncles of the coryimbs slender, nodding ...... 14. R. glauca.
Peduncles of the corymbs strictly erect.........-- 15. R. schaffneri.
Spikelota mostly solitary «0.27. onc as es oo tole Oe eee 16. R. marisculus.

1. Rynchospora globosa Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 89. 1817.
Chaetospora globosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 230. 1815.
Schoenus globosa Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 617. 1817.
Cephaloschoenus globosus Nees, Linnaea 9: 296. 1834.
Cephaloschoenus marginatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 63, 1849.
Rynchospora marginata Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 142. 1859.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 46:

Rynchospora presleana Steud. loc. cit.

Rynehospora pohliana Steud. loc. cit.

DisrriputTion: From Mexico to Brazil, rather common.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 432.

2. Rynchospora cyperoides (Sw.) Mart. Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Muench. 6: 149.
1816-17.
Schoenus cyperoides Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 19. 1788.
Schoenus fragiferus Rudge, Pl. Guian. 15. pl. 17. 1805.
Rynchospora polucephala Wydler; Kunth, Enum. 2: 291. 1837.
Ephippiorrynchium polycephalum Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 134. pl. 12. 1842.
DistrRiBUTION: Tropical Africa, rare; in Aimerica and the West Indies, frequent.
Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, Pittier 2707.
3. Rynchospora aurea Vahl, Enum. 2: 229. 1806.4
Scirpus corymbosus L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 303. 1759.
Schoenus surinamensis Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 68. pl. 21. f. 1. 1773.
Calyptrostylis fascicularis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 139. 1843.
Distrinution: Tropical regions of all continents, very common.
Costa Rican coLtitection: Pittier & Tonduz in Brussels Herbarium.

4. Rynchospora polyphylla Vahl, Enum. 2: 230. 1806.
Schoenus polyphyllus Vahl, Eclog. Am. 2: 5. 1798.
Mitrospora polyphylla Nees, Linnaea 9: 295. 1834.
Rynchospora costaricensis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 2: 110. 1896.
DistriBuTION: Central America, West Indies, Venezuela, frequent.
Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, Pittier 3648; Boruca, altitude 450 meters,
Tonduz 4483.

5. Rynchospora schiedeana Kunth, Enum. 2: 300. 1837.

Calyptrostylis paniculata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 64. 1849.

A meter high; leaves 15 mm. wide; panicle 50 cm. long, 10 cm. wide; corymbs
decompound, spikelets subsolitary, 7 to 8 mm. long, style scarcely divided; nut
broadly ellipsoidal, smooth, lightly cancellate; beak long-conical, of three-fourths
the length of the nut.

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico. :

5a. Rynchospora schiedeana varica ©. B. Clarke, subsp. nov.

Rynchospora schiedeana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. 3: 467. 1885, synonyms excluded.

Branches of the terminal panicle several, long, slender, divaricate, crowned at
summit with pyramidal panicles.

Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 578583.

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico, Costa Rica.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: El Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 11736.
6. Rynchespora locuples ©. B. Clarke, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. (84) Beibl. 78: 5. L904.

Stem a meter high; leaves 12 to 17 mm. wide; panicle 40 cm. long, 12 em. broad,
rather dense, excessively many-flowered; partial panicles pyramidal, rigid, com-
pound; spikelets indefinitely many, 3 to 4 mm. long, lanceolate, straw-colored,
maturing but one nut; nut | to 1.5 mm. long, oblong-ellipsoid, pale, reticulate;
beak oblong-linear, longer than the utricle, whitish; bristles irregular, whitish,
rigid, retrorsely barbed, some as long as the nut, some twice as long, sometimes
almost obsolete.

Collected by Tonduz (no. 11919) at El Copey, Costa Rica, altitude 1,800 meters.
Also Bogota, Colombia, Lindig 1416.

Species allied to R. schiedeana Britton, differing by its small and innumerable
spikelets.

a The specific name corymbosus is older and unoccupied.—Eptrror.

464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

7. Rynchospora macrochaeta Steud. in Lechler, Berber. Am. Centr. 56. 1857.

Rynchospora hoffmanni Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 637. 1873.

Nearly glabrous, moderately stout or almost robust; panicle of 3 corymbs, these
long-peduncled, dense, and paniculate; hypogynous bristles 4 to 6, rigid, little sur-
passing the nut; style long, scarcely divided; nut ellipsoid, smooth, reticulate,
chestnut-colored, beak conic-linear, of the length of the nut.

DistRIBUTION: New Grenada, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia; Costa Rica.

Costa RicaAN COLLECTIONS: Summit of the Volcan de Barba, Hoffmann 65; Barba,
altitude 2,750 meters, Tonduz 1951; Los Arcengeles Valley, Iscazt, altitude 2,000
meters, Pittier 239.

8. Rynchospora vulcani Boeckl. Linnaca 37: 638. 1873.

Rynchospora pittier’ Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 109. 1896.

Almost glabrous, tall; panicle of 3 or 4 long-peduncled pyramidal corymbs; hypogy-
nous bristles 4 or 5, twice as long as the nut; nut very small, subglobose, compressed,
smooth, somewhat barred transversely, brown; beak attenuate above a conical base,
shorter than the nut.

Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Summit of the Volcan de Barba, Hoffmann 66; Volcan
de Pods, altitude 2,600 meters, Tonduz 10758, 10761; Potrero del Alto, altitude 2,450
meters, Pittier 2990.

Species related to R. macrochaeta Steud. very closely; differing slightly by its
very small but broader nut. -

9. Rynchospora eximia (Nees) Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 601. 1873.

Spermodon eximius Nees in Seeman, Bot. Voy. Herald 222. 1845-1851.

Psilocarya schiedeana Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 60. 1849.

DisTRIBUTION: Mexico, Costa Rica.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4479.

10. Ryhchospora robusta Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 616. 1873.

Dichromena robusta Kunth, Enum. 2: 283. 1837.

Psilocarya robusta Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 116. 1842.

Rather robust, stoloniferous, sparsely pubescent; corymbs axillary and terminal,
of many spikelets; mature spikelets ovoid-ellipsoid, with 4 to 8 nuts; bristles none;
style deeply bifid; nut broadly obovoid, transversely undulate-lineolate; beak ovoid,
of about the length of the nut.

DistriBpuTION: Guatemala, Costa Rica, South America.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Ciénaga de Agua Buena, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier
11025.

11. Rynchospora longispicata Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 600. 1873.

Rynchospora filiformis Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 576. 1864, not Vahl. 1806.

Dichromena filiformis Kunth, Enum. 2: 281. 1837, synonyms excluded.

Spermodon filiformis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 118. 1843.

DisrripuTion: Widely dispersed through tropical America.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Pitter 10587.

12. Rynchospora clarkei Rose, sp. nov.¢

Stems 1 to 8 cm. long, monocephalous, the head composed of 1 or 2 spikelets; leaves
| to3 em. long, linear; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, maturing 1 to 4 nuts; hypogynous
bristles none; style branches 2, linear, rather long; nut 0.5 mm. long, oboyoid, slightly
turgid, smooth, grayish-green; beak depressed.

Type, sheet no. 818779, U. S. National Herbarium.

DistripuTION: Mexico (Jalisco, Pringle 2319, type), Costa Rica.
Costa Rican CoLLEcTION: Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters, Pittier 10585.

a This species was given a name by Mr. Clarke, which is found to be a homonym.
I have accordingly taken the liberty to name it for Mr. Clarke himself.—J. N. Rose.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 465

13. Rynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 237. 1806.
Scirpus cephalotes L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 76. 1762.
Schoenus cephalotes Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 61. pl. 20. 1773.
DisTtRIBUTION: Central America, and in South America as far as Chile; common.
Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 3644, 4885.

14. Rynchospora glauca Vahl, Enum. 2: 233. 1806,
Schoenus gracilis Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 19. 1788, in lesser part.
Rynchospora gracilis Vahl, Enum. 2: 234. 1806.
Rynchospora pungens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selskr. Skr. 2: 65. 1849.
DistripuTion: Almost all warm countries.
Costa Racan couuections: Boruca, Tonduz 3582; Buenos Aires, altitude 300
meters, Tonduz 4883 bis; Paramos del Abejonal, altitude 2,900 meters, Tonduz 7863.

15. Rynchospora schaffneri Boeckl. Linnaea 387: 575. 1873.

Rynchospora durandiana Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 94. 1896.

Glabrous, panicle narrow, composed of spiciform corymbs; spikelets 4 mm. long,
chestnut-colored, ovoid-lanceolate, perfecting but one nut; style deeply bifid: nut
obovoid-ellipsoid; beak hardly half as long as the nut, pyramidal, scabrous; hypogy-
nous bristles 6, about equaling the nut.

DistRIBUTION: Mexico, Costa Rica.

Costa Rican couLections: El Copey, altitude 2,600 meters, Tonduz 14863; Portillo
del Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 327.

16. Rynchospora marisculus Nees, Linnaea 9: 297. 1834.

Rynchospora jubata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 66. 1849.

DisrriBuTION: Mexico to Paraguay; frequent.

Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Ciénaga de Agua Buena, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier
11022.

14. SCLERIA Berg.

Flowers unisexual, axillary; pistillate glumes open, i. e., not with united margins
and utriculiform; hypogynous bristles none; nut bony, globose, more or less trig-
onous or obovoid, white, lead-colored, or purplish, inserted on a gynophore, which is
often dilated into a 3-lobed disk, sometimes cup-like.—Spikelets few-flowered, some-
times androgynous with a single basal fertile flower and several staminate ones above it;
sometimes unisexual, either staminate and many-flowered, or pistillate with but one
fertile flower, but with several rudiments above it, or these almost obsolete. Leaves
always obvious.

Species 180, dispersed all around the world within and near the Tropics, especially
in the humid regions.

. KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spikelets not all unisexual, i. e., some androgynous with fertile spikes.
Roots fibrous; plants slender.

Inflorescence having the appearance of a single spike... 1. S. distans.
Inflorescence loosely panicled........................- 2. S. liebmannii.
Plants less slender; with horizontal rhizome.
Inflorescence like a single spike....................... 3. S. hirtella.
Inflorescence loosely panicled............-......--.--- 4. S. lithosperma.
Spikelets all unisexual; plants rather robust.
Hegts merdus (LESSELLATAR) ...... 22.24.22 2-- +... 5. S. lacustris.

Margin of disk not ciliate; perennials (EuscLERLA ).
Stems branched and straggling; ligule elongated... —_-. G. S. reflexa.

466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

Stems erect; ligule ovate or short.
Panicles all composed of both pistillate and staminate

spikelets.
Nut at length chestnut, red, or decolored...... 7. S. melaleuca.
Nut white, depressed at apex.................. 8. S. pterota.
Upper part of panicle staminate, lower part pistillate. 9. S. bracteata.
Margin of disk ciliate; tall perennial (OpHryoscLerRtIA) .... 10. S. paludosa.
Margin of disk laciniate; leaves 4 em. wide (Scuizouepis)... 11. 8. latifolia.

|. Scleria distans Poir. Encye. 7: 4. 1806.
Scleria tenella Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 249. 1866, in part, not Kunth.
DistripuTion: West Indies, Costa Rica.
Costa RIcaAN COLLECTION: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 648.
2. Scleria liebmanni Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 179. 1855.
Scleria costaricensis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 157. 1896.
DistriBUTION: Dispersed from Mexico to Brazil.
Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4484, 4634, 4792.

3. Scleria hirtella Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Oce. 19. 1788.
Scleria nutans Kunth, Enum. 2: 352. 1837.
DistRiBUTION: Africa, including Madagascar; also in nearly all parts of America,
common.
Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, Pittier 2800.

4. Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Oce. 18. 1788.
Scirpus lithospermus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 51. 1753.
Scleria tenuis Retz. Obs. 4: 13. 1786.
Scleria filiformis Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 19. 1788.
Schoenus lithospermus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 65. 1762, in small part.
Disrripution: In warm countries all around the world nearly; rare in Africa; in
Asia, Oceania, and America rather common.
Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, altitude 250 meters, Pittier 2,716.
5. Seleria lacustris ©. Wright in Sauv. Fl. Cub. 185. 1873.
Scleria tonduzii Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 160. 1896.
DisrtriBpuTION: Cuba, French Guiana, Brazil, Costa Rica.
Costa Rican couLection: Tuts Valley, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8181.

6. Scleria reflexa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 232. 1815.

Scleria flagellum Nees, Flora 11: 303. 1828, scarcely Sw. .

Mastigoscleria refleca Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 177. 1842.

Distribution: From Mexico to southern Brazil, frequent.

Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Trrialba, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 9008; Golfo
de Osa, Tonduz 10079. /

Tonduz no. 11389 is a doubtful form=Spruce no. 500, collected at Para, i. e., Scleria
tenacissima? Benth. Real Scleria tenacissima, Steud.4, collected by Nees at Para, no.
422, has its nut reticulate-tuberculate. But to me, as to Bentham, the plants seem to
be the same.

7. Scleria melaleuca Schlecht. & Chain. Linnaea 6: 29. IS3I.

DisTRIBUTION: Common throughout tropical America.

Costa Rican coLiections: Hoffmann 873; O. Kuntze; Rodeo de Pacaeca, Pittier
3326; Siquirres, Pittier 4207; Matina, Pittier 9747; Buenos Aires, Pittier 10635; Finca
de Chirripé, altitude 100 meters, Pittier 16076; San Carlos, Tonduz 2582; Térraba, —
altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3581, 3589; Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4482;
Turrialba, altitude 0-550 meters, Tonduz 8230, 8393; Rio Zhorquin, Tonduz 8529.

aSyn. Pl. Glum. 2: 175, 1855,

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 467

8. Scleria pterota Pres] in Oken, Isis 21: 268. 1828.

Scleria pratensis Lindl.; Nees, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19. Suppl. 1: 121. 1845.

Scleria communs Kunth, Enum. 2: 340. 1837, in part.

Scleria pittieri Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 159. 1896.

DisTRIBUTION: Quite common in tropical America.

Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4886; Gua-
nacaste, altitude 250 meters, Pitter 2715; Turrialba, Tondiuz 8230 bis.
9. Scleria bracteata Cav. Ic. 5: 34. pl. 457. 1799.

Macrolomia bracteata Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 182. pl. 24. 1843.

DisrripuTiIon: Abundant ‘n tropical America.

Costa RicaAN coLLections: Térraba, altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3963; Boruca,
altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4640.
10. Scleria paludosa Kunth, Enum. 2: 344. 1837.

Ophryoscleria paludosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 185. 1842.

Scleria macrocarpa Salzm. Linnaea 38: 521, 1874.

DistriBuTiIoN: In tropical America frequent.

Costa RiIcAN COLLECTION: Rio Ceibo near Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters,
Tonduz 4882.

11. Scleria latifolia Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 18. 1788.
DIstTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela.
Costa Rican coLLecTION: Banks of Sarapiqui River, Biolley 7456b.

9?

Under the name ‘‘ Scleria ciliaefolia,’’ there is in the Brussels Herbarium a plant
(Pittier & Tonduz no. 3355), which was found on closer examination to be Luzula
racemosa Desy. (Buchenau, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 12: 132. 1890.)

Duranpbia Boeckl.,@ a ‘‘new genus of the tribe of the Sclerieae” consisting of
(a) b>

D. macrophylla Boeckl.,® is founded on Tonduz no. 8402 collected in Costa Riea.
The type is preserved in the Brussels Herbarium. By the kindness of Mr. de Wilde-
man I have been permitted to examine it. The plant belongs to the Haemodoraceae,
and is Xiphidium coeruleum Aubl.¢

15. CALYPTROCARYA Nees.

Flowers unisexual; pistillate flower appearing as if terminal, naked; hypoegynous
bristles none; style branches 2, linear; nut ovoid-conical, minutely pilose.—Spikes
dense, pea-shaped, corymbose-panicled, extremely small, androgynous, the single
terminal spikelet pistillate, 1-flowered, the lateral spikelets 2 to 4, staminate, l-flowered.
Proper pistillate glumes 2, in 2 ranks, boat-shaped, ovate. Staminate flowers
monandrous.

Species 7, indigenous to tropical America.

«thy o -

1. Calyptrocarya fragiferad? Kunth, Enum. 2: 364. 1837.
Calyptrocarya palmetto Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2’: 195. 1843.
Becquerelia glomerulata Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy. Coquille 2: 163. 1829.
Hypolytrum multinerve Hochst.; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 133. 1855.
DisTRIBUTION: Scattered throughout tropical America.
Costa Rican coLLections: Cocos Island, Pittier 12376; (Nicaragua) San Juan del
Norte, Pittier 9635.

a Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 160. 1896.

b Op. cit. 173.

¢ Pl. Guian. 1: 33. pl. 11. 1775.

d The specific name glomerulata is older and unoccupied.— Epiror.

13891—08

>.>
v

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

~
or)
Go

16. UNCINIA Pers.

Flowers unisexual; prophylla 2, joined together and forming a bicarinate utricle
inclosing the ovary; a setiform rudiment of the axis of a spikelet partly inclosed within
the utricle, its stout uncinate tip exserted from it.

Species 26, mostly inhabiting the South Temperate Zone, in Australia, New Zea-
land, the more southerly islands of Oceania, temperate South America, but also in
Mexico and Jamaica.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Spike dense, 3 mm: in diameter .. «ss <boa sens en deceemee wanes 1. U. jamaicensis.
Spike rather loose, 2 mm. in diameter... ... 2.2... .....c.ceeccencss 2. U. tenuis.

1. Uncinia jamaicensis Pers. Syn. 2: 534. 1807.

Carex uncinata Schk. Riedgr. 1: 13. pl. G@. f. 30. 1801, not L. f.

DistrRiBUTION: From Central America to Argentina.

Costa Rican CoLLEcTIONS: El] Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 11850; Barba
[ Pittier] 2003; Barba, altitude 2,000 meters, Tonduz 1693, 2084; Reventado, altitude
2,600 meters, Pittier 852; Volein de Pods, altitude 2,600 meters, Tonduz 10762.

2. Uncinia tenuis Kunth, Enum. 2: 525. 1837.
Uncinia gracilis Decaisne in Hombr. & Jacq. Bot. Voy. Astrolabe 2: pl. 6. f. B. 1853.
DistripuTion: Chili, Patagonia, Costa Rica.
Costa RicAN COLLECTION: Volcan de Barba, altitude 2,750 meters, Tonduz 1904.
The Costa Rican habitat is entirely new.

7. CAREX L.

Flowers unisexual; prophylla 2, united into a utricle inclosing the bicarinate
ovary; no rudiment of an axis within the utricle.
Species 1,300, distributed all over the world in the more humid regions.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Style branches 2. (VIGNEA.)
Some of the upper spikes pistillate at apex, staminate at base; none staminate at
summit and pistillate at base. (VIGNEGYNAE) .......... 1. C. heptastachya.
Some of the upper spikes staminate at apex, pistillate at base;
none pistillate at summit and staminate at base. (Vie-
NEANDRAR.). «oc... ne gs tenon aes cates oh oe oes eee eee 2. C. pichinchensis.
Style branches 3. (EucaRrex.)
Some of the upper spikes staminate at summit, pistillate at
base; none pistillate at suminit and staminate at base. (In
the Costa Rican species the spikes are cylindrical and
panicled.) (CARICANDRAE. )
Spikes 3 to 10 em. long, rather deeply colored.
Pistillate glumes elongated-lanceolate, hardly acute. 3. C. jamesoni.

Pistillate glumines anbiate i. ..6c 2.5. ckeieseheeenes 4. C. pittieri.
Spikes 1 to 3 em. long, greenish-ferruginous.

Plant of middle size; peduncles slender..........-. 5. C. cladostachya.

Plant a meter high or more; peduncles rigid ......-. 6. C. jovis.

1. Carex heptastachya Boeckl. Linnaea 39: 114. 1875.

Carex jonesii L. H. Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16. 1889.

Carer durandit Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 189. 1896.

Rootstock short, slender; stems densely tufted, 10 to 60 cm. long, slender, smooth,
toward the triangular summit minutely scabrous; leaves commonly as long as the stems,

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 469

2 to 4 mm. wide, 16 to 20-striate, glabrous except as to the margin, this minutely
scabrous; inflorescence appearing as if simply spicate, 3 to 5 em. long, of 6 to 9 pale
brownish spikes; lowest bract setaceous, sometimes short, sometimes 4 to 5 cm. long:
spikes approximate, or a trifle distant, the very lowest one rarely 3 cm. distant from
the others, most of them 6 to 12 mm. long, ellipsoid, some of the upper pistillate ones
staminate at base, the terminal one rarely altogether staminate, never pistillate at
base and staminate at apex; glume of the pistillate shorter than the utricle, ovate,
scarcely acute, l-nerved, brownish; style bifid, shorter than the utricle; utricle 3 to
3.5 mm. long, including the beak, plano-convex, ellipsoid, its beak oblong-conical,
compressed, shorter than the body; utricle herbaceous, smooth, subsessile, glabrous,
9-nerved on the convex face, 3 to 5-nerved on the plane; margins smooth, at length
incurved; beak on the plane face hardly bidentate, on the other cleft to the base,
and its margins when young almost winged, when mature minutely and rigidly scab-
rous; nut ovoid-ellipsoid, compressed, nearly filling the utricle.

DisrripuTiIon: Tampico (Berlandier, 529); in New Granada and Venezuela, at
2,500 meters, frequent; Costa Rica.

Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 324, 2980, 2983,
Tonduz 10759; Cerro de las Vueltas, altitude 3,000 meters, Pittier 10510; Cerro de
Buena Vista, near the summit, altitude 3,300 meters, Pittier 3376.

2. Carex pichinchensis IH]. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 233.

Carex dura Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 122. 1846.

Carex sachapata Lechler, Berber. Am. Austr. 56. 1857.

Carex fuscoatra Boeckl. Linnaea 40: 378. 1876.

Of medium size or stoutish; leaves 5 to 10 mm. wide, beneath densely glandular-
puberulent; spikes 5 to 30, cylindrical, 2 to 5 cm. long, dark chestnut-colored, at
the very summit staminate; pistillate glume lanceolate, obtuse, much exceeding the
utricle; style bifid; utricle 2.5 to 3 mm. long, ellipsoid, compressed, smooth, glab-
rous, rather obscurely or obsoletely nerved; beak one-fourth to one-third the length
of the body of the utricle, short-cylindric, the margin either sparingly or hispidly
scabrous, on the plane face scarcely divided at apex and pilose-ciliate, on the other
deeply cleft.

DistriBuTIon: Western tropical America, very common.

Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 331, 2981, 2982:
Cerro de las Vueltas, altitude 3,000 meters, Pitticr 10520; Cerro de la Muerte, alti-
tude 3,100 meters, Pittier 10454; Cerro de Buena Vista, altitude 3,300 meters, Pittier
3381. :

Nut occasionally deformed. See C. B. Clarke@ on this species as perhaps recently
derived from C. jamesonii, Boott.

3. Carex jamesoni Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 124. 1846.

Rather robust, leaves 5 to 10 mm. broad, beneath closely beset with minute glands;
spikes 5 to 8 cm. long, linear, chestnut-brown, pistillate at the very base, staminate
at apex; pistillate glume lanceolate, equaling the utricle; style 3-fid; utricle 3 mm,
long, including the beak, narrowly ellipsoid, trigonous, smooth, glabrous, striate;
beak half as long as the body, bidentate, hardly scabrous; nut triquetrous, sometimes
deformed.

- DistTRIBUTION: Mexico (Galeotti 5763); Costa Rica; very common in western tropi-
cal South America.

Costa Rican coLLections: E] Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 11921; Pods,
altitude 2,650 meters, Tonduz 10757; Barba, altitude 2,750 meters, Pittier 303.

4. Carex pittieri Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 190. 1896.

A meter high, leaves 5 to 10 mm. wide, beneath densely glandular-puberulent;

inflorescence 40 to 50 cm. long, paniculate, of about 40 tawny-brownish spikes, these

@ Proc. Linn. Soc. 1895-96: 25, 26. 1896.

470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

linear-cylindric, 8 to 15 cm. long, the uppermost pistillate at base, staminate at apex;
pistillate glumes lanceolate, with an awn 5 to 6 mm. long; style branches 3, short;
utricle, inclusive of the beak, 4 mm. long, linear-oblong, trigonous, glabrous, smooth,
curved, striate; beak of hardly one-third the length of the body.

Costa Rican cotiections: Volcan de Pods, altitude 2,600 meters, Pittier 824;
Volean de Barba, altitude 2,750 meters, Tonduz 1952; Cerro de Buena Vista, altitude
3,100 meters, Tonduz 5380.

Liebmann has described several Mexican species of this section, but I have not
been able to unite C. pittiert specifically with any specimen of Liebmann’s in the
Kew Herbarium. C. jamesoni gracilis L .H. Bailey, very like this in habit, paniele,
and color of spikes, differs in that its pistillate glume is less aristate.

5. Carex cladostachya Wahlenb. Kong. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. Stockh. 24: 149.
1IS03.

Carer mexicana J. 8S. & C. B Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 204. 1830.

Carex hartwegii Boott in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 96. 1839-57.

Distribution: From Mexico to Bolivia, common.

Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Desamparados, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1483;
Tres Rios, Pittier 4337; San Marcos, altitude 1,350 meters, Tonduz 7717; Alajuelita,
altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8843; Aserri, Tonduz 1247d; San José, altitude 1,100
meters, Tonduz 1247 ter; El Copey, altitude 2,500 meters, Tonduz 12180; Pods, alti-
tude 2,450 meters, Pittier 2984; Cabeceras del Bris, Pittier 10568; Rio Birris, altitude
1,200 meters, Pittier 3126; Rio Torres, Tonduz 1247bis; Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100
meters, Pithier 7350, 11028; Santa Barbara, altitude 1,400 meters, Tonduz 1677: El
Rodeo de Paquita, altitude 900 meters, Tonduz 1620.

C. polystachya Wahl.,¢ according to American authors, is represented by Pringle’s
no. 4840 from Oaxaca, and Bourgeau’s no. 3026 from Orizaba. It is a stouter plant,
with more rigid inflorescence and an ellipsoid or ovoid utricle; but in my opinion it
is scarcely distinguishable specifically. ‘

6. Carex jovis (. B. Clarke, sp. nov.

A meter high and more; leaves 1 cm. long, densely glandular-puberulent beneath;
inflorescence 50 cm. long, peduncles rigid, suberect; corymbs rigid, narrow; spikes
as much as 3 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, several of them pistillate at base and staminate at
apex; pistillate glumes lanceolate, little surpassing the utricles; style 3-fid; utricle
2 to 3 mm. long including the beak, oblong, smooth, glabrous, trigonous, striate; beak
about one-third as long as the body, deeply bidentate; nut oblong, trigonous.

Costa Rican coLLection: Pittier & Tonduz 10757 in the Brussels Herbarium

(type).
18. HYPOLYTRUM, L. ©. Rich.

Proper spikelets, very small, appearing as if composed of bisexual flowers in spikes
resembling closely the spikelets of Scirpus, imbricated on all sides, 3-flowered; the
two lower flowers opposite, staminate, each with only one stamen, the uppermost one
a naked pistil, 1 to 4 oblong scales (1. e., sterile male glumes) being interposed between
the two male flowers and the pistil; staminate glumes boat-shaped, somewhat hairy
on the keel, distinct or sometimes more or less connate: style bifid.—Inflorescence
paniculate-corymbose.

Species 42, distributed throughout almost all tropical countries; one at Nepal, one
in the Hawaiian Islands.

1. Hypolytrum nicaraguense Livhbm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 47. 1849.

Hypolytrum amplum var. (?) 8, Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 65. 1843.

Hypolytrum selloianum Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 134. 1871.

@ Kongl. Vet. Akad. Nya. Handl. Stockh. 24: 149. 1803.

CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 471

Stem a meter high, stout; leaves 3 cm. long; panicle ample, broadly pyramidal
dense, often 12 cm. wide; nut, with its long-conic beak far surpassing the glume.

DisrriputTion: Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa Rica.

Costa RicAN COLLEcTION: Cocos Island, Pittier 12380. _

Scarcely differs from H. amplum Kunth,” a species dispersed through Guiana,
Surinam, and along the Amazon in Brazil.

18. MAPANIA Aubl.

Spikes densely capitate; proper spikelets appearing like bisexual flowers, 6-squamel-
late; two lower squamellae opposite, boat-shaped, each with a single stamen, the third
one lateral, plane, sterile or with a stamen, this succeeded by three that are sterile,
often delicate; uppermost flower a single naked pistil; style trifid or bifid.—Plants
glabrous, except as to the squamellae.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

Leaves represented only by the broad leaf-like bracts............-..-.- 1. M. silvatica.
Basal leaves present, elongated, cauline except the bracts none... 2. M. pycnocephala.

1. Mapania sylvatica Aublet, Pl. Guian. 1: 47. pl. 17. 1775.

Stem 30 to 60 cm. long, leafless; bracts 3, as much as 14 cm. long, 6 cm. wide; head
ovoid, 1 to 2 cm. long, ferruginous; style trifid.

DisTRIBUTION: Venezuela, Guiana, Panama (Barclay 944), Costa Rica.

Costa RicaAN COLLECTION: Carrillo, Pittier 1187.

2. Mapania pycnocephala Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 15: 512. pl. 5, 6. 1887, by error
pycnostachya.

Hypolytrum pycnocephalum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 177. 1844.

Stem 30 to 60 cm. long; basal leaves 30 to 40 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. broad, narrowed at
each end; bracts 3, resembling the leaves; head 1 to 2 cm. long, ovoid, ferruginous;
style bifid.

DisTRIBUTION: Panama (Island of Gorgona, Choco Bay), Costa Rica.

Costa Rican COLLECTION: Carrillo, Pittier 1188.

@ Enum. 2: 272. 1837.

O

“-

. ~ i ee. 3;
core is PES

a +.”

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME X, PART 7

STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN
FERNS—No. 1

By WILLIAM R. MAXON

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1908

-
ora

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

~ CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL TERRA

VOLUME X, PART 7

STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN
PERNS-No. 4

By WILLIAM R. MAXON

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1908

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM:
IssueD Marcu 30, 1908. ©

Il

APR 6 = 1908

NEY

i~

PREFACE.

During the last decade the National Museum has acquired large
collections of Mexican and Central American plants. These collec-
tions are rich in new material but evidently they are not sufficiently
comprehensive to warrant undertaking the publication of a general
flora of any one of these countries without further exploration. In
order, however, to make public the scientific results of preliminary
studies of the collections a series of papers has been carried on in
the Contributions from the National Herbarium under the title,
* Studies of Mexican and Central American Plants,” by Dr. J. N.
Rose, associate curator. It is now proposed to begin a similar series
under the title, “ Studies of Tropical American Ferns,” by Mr. Wil-
ham R. Maxon, assistant curator. Although at present this will
deal largely with Mexican and Central American collections, it will
include also descriptions of new and noteworthy West Indian species.
South American forms will be considered also, as circumstances may
require.

Frepertck V. Covinie,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.

Ill

CONTENTS.

fam eonns Of asplenroid ferna ._..-. = -.--.-------6:----+---<-
The identity of Asplenium rhizophyllum L.........-.------------
Pennants Se TIA: 2 aS = Oo see ssc aces oe
The Cuban species of Adiantopsis --.....-.---.-----.------.----
poate crus alwed to Vitiaria. ..--...-.....2.-2..--.-..--.----
Miscellaneous notes and changes of name ...-...--..-----------
mew pectice- Of Hovers) ponera o_o. 32 - 22 5. eke pases - ~~ 2

ILLUSTRATIONS.

cai 150. AemicMMi BANCIOlUM. ._ =... ---..<-- 2-2 s- nc. amees
LVI. Asplenium, Diplazium, Holodictyum .............-

i Sea ess 481

Seapets Sia ee 488

Facing page.

STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—NO. 1.

By WILLIAM R. MAXxon,

INTRODUCTION.

In this and following papers it is the purpose of the writer to pre-
sent under a collective title some results of studies of tropical Amer-
ican ferns, especially those of the West Indies, Mexico, and Central
America. The matter is designed to include notes on some of the
earlier species, corrections in nomenclature, descriptions of new
species and, when material warrants, revisions of certain genera and
smaller groups of species.

A considerable number of the early species, of those even which
have figured longest in hterature, are still imperfectly understood
and not infrequently appear under wrong names. To determine with
exactness these historic species is of much taxonomic importance.
The accomplishment of this, often a matter of extensive detail, is
made vastly easier than formerly to American students by the large
series of specimens gathered in recent years by American collectors;
but even with these at hand there remain other considerations which
render the serious study of so variable a group more than ordinarily
difficult. As chief of these—aside from the usual insufficiency of the
diagnoses and the location of the historic early collections, with their
numerous types and frequently cited numbers, in European her-
baria—may be mentioned the lack of attention given in the past to
the matter of type localities and the failure to appreciate the fact of
the more or less definite geographical distribution of species. From
this there has resulted the greatest confusion.

To illustrate: The extent of variation even in a suite of specimens
from a single locality in tropical America, these known absolutely
to constitute but a single variable though definitely restricted species,
is sometimes—and this in no one genus and no one tribe—little short
of astounding. To such a series known under one name may have
been joined a closely allied group from some other and perhaps dis-

4738

474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

tant region, this also with its various forms diverging, it may be,
along quite different lines; and to this fast-growing “ polymorphic
species ~ may have been added a third and a fourth form, each with
its attendant variations. If the herbarium material at hand is con-
siderable and represents forms from a wide geographic range, the
chance of determining with certainty the limits of the several species
previously merged or confused is, naturally, improved; yet also the
greater is the need of study and of a thorough search of literature in
applying the names correctly. With only scant material available
a brief diagnosis of a Jamaican or a Martinique plant might be
thought to apply well enough to Mexican specimens, in the absence
of specimens from the type region, and one name might be made to
apply to the whole. If this happened a century ago the reference,
whether right or not, may have the weight of monographie “au-
thority ” of the intervening period, and the present-day writer may
be confronted with the need of determining the boundaries and re-
lationship not of one, but of two, three, or more species, as the case
may be. Or, the original form having been rare or not much collected
since, the name given to this may have become fixed definitely upon
a single species, but this very different from the original and pos-
sibly from a distant region. On the other hand, the older writer, in
the lack of connecting forms since collected in abundance, may have
recognized far too many “species.” When, finally, the limits of the
several allied species have been made out, it may appear that in the
case of any or all of these which may have received names, the nomen-
clatorial type, having been determined not by selection but (often of
necessity) by mere accident of first discovery, is not truly typical of
the species and represents one of the outlying forms. Under these cir-
cumstances the nonavailability of a type specimen for comparison or,
at least, a lack of knowledge as to its exact origin, becomes a doubly
serious handicap.

It is not to be supposed that the difficulties mentioned exist in a
study of the ferns alone, though it must be admitted that this group
in particular has suffered radically diverse treatment at the hands
of various students. This has resulted naturally from the cireum-
stances. Fern species, partly by reason of their ready dispersal and
their unusual breadth of variation, are commonly supposed to occupy
extensive ranges *that would at once be discredited for the great
majority of phanerogams. Undoubtedly a very wide distribution
is to be ascribed to many tropical ferns, mainly lowland species, and
very many others in one form or another too close to be separated
are known to stretch over half a continent; yet marked exceptions
occur, as in the Cyatheaceae, which have been found to be relatively
local in range and in which, as might be supposed, definite though

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 475

minute diagnostic characters are noted upon painstaking study. Too
few trustworthy modern data are available in published form to
permit of more than general deductions as to geographic distribution.
The problem often is, at present, to determine whether variations
noted are local and essentially individual or, rather, are susceptible
of correlation with geographic and physiographic factors.

In this connection the importance of further field work should
not be underestimated. With the important exception of Santo
Domingo and certain large areas in Cuba the West Indies have been
fairly well covered within recent years. There remain on the North
American continent Nicaragua, Salvador, Honduras, and the vast
humid region of eastern Mexico. To the extreme south is Panama,
connecting geographically the two continents, its flora nearly un-
known but almost certainly containing the strong South American
element noted in that of Costa Rica immediately to the north. The
exploration of eastern Mexico at mid-elevations toward the low-
lands seems especially desirable in order to bring to light many of
the species described during the first half of the last century. Ex-
ploration of the other regions mentioned, particularly of Panama, is
hardly less important, as certain to afford data bearing upon larger
problems.

The writer wishes to extend his thanks to the curators of the
herbaria mentioned later. for courteously placing at his disposal for
study numerous specimens which have been of material assistance.

ASPLENIUM SALICIFOLIUM AND CONFUSED SPECIES.

The Asplenium salicifolium of Linneus has been almost uni-
versally misidentified. It was founded upon Plumier’s plate 60, rep-
resenting a plant described by Plumier with the remark that he had
found it at “several places in the French islands of America.” In
identifying the Linnean species, then, we should expect to associate
this name with no very uncommon plant of the West Indies. To
assist us there is a passable figure, somewhat idealized but yet show-
ing a plant since many times collected and rarely if ever referred to
under its right name—commonly, rather, as. Asplenium auriculatum
Sw., a name given originally to Brazilian specimens. Ample Brazil-
ian material, lacking in American herbaria, might show the true Al.
auriculatum to be a different species from the West Indian specimens
passing under that name, though this is certainly to be doubted; but
in any event these West Indian specimens undoubtedly represent the
true Asplenium salicifolium of Linneus, as the following notes are
intended to show.

476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Asplenium salicifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1080. 1753. Piate LY.

At PL LV is shown a Cuban plant, which is one of a series collected by the
writer at Monte Verde, Yateras, Province of Oriente. This will be seen to
agree closely with plate 60 of Plumier, particularly in the following characters:
(1) The relative length of stipe and lamina: (2) the narrowly ovate frond,
only slightly reduced below and terminated by a lobed caudiform segment; (3)
the direction, position, and shape of the numerous pinnw, the number being
nearly the same; (4) the type of marginal crenation. In this last character
some slight allowance must be made for plate 60, as in the case of many others
of the Plumier figures; for the plant to be placed under this name is really less
regularly and more deeply crenate, even bicrenate often towards the base of the
pinnew. The outer portions of the lower pinnew in plate 60 are, however,
shown rather more correctly as obliquely serrate-crenate. It is hardly neces-
sary to add that the venation and sori shown in plate 60 are incorrect for any
West Indian species known and will probably remain so. The pinnae, too, are
rather closer than in any plant seen by the writer. Taking the plate as a
whole, nevertheless, it is evident that it is of the species shown at Pl LY, and
nothing points to this more certainly than the shape of the apical portion.

The specimen figured in plate 55 measures 69 cm. in length; stipe 31 em.;
lamina 38 cm. long, 17 to 18 cm. broad. The texture is subcoriaceous,

The following additional specimens in the U. 8S. National Herbarium may
be cited :

Cuba: Farallones of La Perla, north of Jaguey, Yateras, province of
Oriente, altitude 540 to 585 meters, Maron 4376.

Haiti: Ravines northwest of Marmelade, altitude 6653 meters, Nash & Tay-
lor 1351.

Porto Rico: Barranquitas, Sintenis 2692b; Luquillo Mountains, PP. Wéil-
son 304.

JAMAICA: Without locality, Jenman; without locality, ex herb, Bot. Dept.
Jamaica,

Dominica: Laudat, Lloyd 332.

JRENADA: Murray & Elliott 24.

Mexico: District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Finck 46a, 142.

CoLoMBIA: Santa Marta, altitude 750 mefers, H. H. Smith 2446,

Some of these specimens are submembranaceous in texture; and several have
the pinne widely overlapping the rachis at their upper base, as shown by
Hooker,” but without free auricles. The Jenman plant has the pinne almost
hastate at the superior base.

Wright’s no. S48 from Cuba, cited by Hooker under A. dauriculatum, is
missing in the National Herbarium. In the Sauvalle herbarium at Havana,
Cuba, this number is Asplenium abscissum Willd.; and in the herbarium
of the New York Botanical Garden it is a mixture of A. abscissum and a
reduced state of A. salicifolium. A sheet of no. ‘S48 in the D. C. Eaton Her-
barium, marked as coming from “La Perla, in crevices of rocks,” comprises
three plants, viz.: (1) Asplenium abscissum Willd., (2) A. salicifolium (verum),
and (3) the reduced form here included under A. salicifolium. Matching this
inferior state are two Cuban numbers collected by the writer, viz., 4311 which
grew with 4306, and 4375 with 4376. These and certain other specimens from —
the West Indies and especially from Central America would probably pass —

6No. 4306, from humus and well-rotted logs in the humid forest, altitude
about 575 meters, April 30, 1907,
>Sp. Fil. 3: pl. 171. -

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 477

for A. hastatum Klotzsch, a species which is certainly of the closest alliance,
if indeed it should not be merged with A. salicifolium. The typical A. has-
tatum, well illustrated by Hooker,* is seen in Fendler’s 144, Venezuela (herb.
Gray), between which and the West Indian A. salicifolium there is almost
every intermediate stage. It seems not unlikely that A. salicifolium (rerum),
A. auriculatum Sw., A. semicordatum Raddi, and less certainly A. hastatum
Klotzsch are all referable to a single variable polymorphic species, to which
must probably be added several ~ species” proposed by various writers, for
example, the A. bicrenatum of Liebmann, which apparently is but the typical
form of A. salicifolium,

The following species either are closely related to A. salicifolium
or have been confused under that name in the herbarium material
examined:

Asplenium integerrimum Spreng. Acad. Caes. Leop. Nov. Act. 10: 231. 1821.
; PLaTe LVI, Ficure 2.

Asplenium salicifolium integerrimum Mett. Abhand. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3:

145. 1860.

The present species was described briefiy from Porto Rican specimens, has
since been collected in Porto Rico, and probably forms the greater part of
Wright's no. 841 from Cuba. (See footmote under 4A. rectangulare, following.)
It was originally described by Sprengel in these words:

A. fronde pinnata,. pinnis alternis petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis basi cunea
tis, rachi marginata, soris parallelis.

In Portoricco ad arborum radices. Bertier. _

Stipes semiteres, glaber. Frons bipedalis, lanceolata. Pinnae spithameae
glaberrimae, lanceolatae, acuminatae, integerrimae, margine subdiaphano.

Cum nulla alia specie confundenda.

The following more complete description is drawn mainly from a series of
specimens collected by the writer in the Yateras region of Oriente (Santiago)
Province, Cuba, in the heart of the territory so thoroughly botanized by Wright:

Fronds few (2 or 3), 75 to SO cm. long, lax, borne closely. Rhizome short-
repent, with a noticeable tuft of long filiform dark brown chaff: stipe 25 to
3€ em. long, dull brownish stramineous, stout, sulcate in drying; lamina very
chartaceous, 50 to 55 cm. long, simply pinnate, ovate, comprising about S pairs
of narrow-spaced ascending subopposite to alternate pinnz and a large termi-
nal segment about the size of the basal pinnz: rachis narrowly alate: pinne
nearly of the same size and outline, the 5 or 6 lower pairs subpetiolate, 15 to
16 cm. long, 2.5 to 2.7 cm. broad, the others 2 to 3 cm. shorter, all exactly
lanceolate, straight or slightly falcate, attenuate in the outer third, at the base
nearly equal, the superior margin cut away to about 40°, the inferior to about
30°, the base thus strongly cuneate: margins absolutely entire throughout,
hyaline; sori about 12 pairs to the pinna, equidistant or slightly nearer the
midvein, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, borne at an angle of about 25° on the anterior branch
of the mostly twice or thrice dichotomously forked veins: indusium firm,
narrow, 1 mm. wide, persistent, recurved and inconspicuous at maturity.

A. integerrimum may have a considerable range through the West Indies.
It appears not to occur in Jamaica, if one may judge from recent large collec-
tions, mainly of ferns, from that island. Fendler’s no. 9% from Trinidad
(G, N) may be referred here tentatively, though the narrow spreading pinne
(mainly opposite), the more reduced upper pinnz, and the deeply cleft terminal
segment indicate a form possibly distinct.

*Sp. Fil. 3: pl. 172. .

478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

The specimens seen by the writer are as follows :4¢

Porto Rico: Near Adjuntas, Sintenis 4381, determined by Kuhn as A, salici-
folium. (G)

CuBaA: Near Monte Verde, Wright 841 (G, 2 sheets; herb. Sauvalle).
Yateras district (several localities: Santa Ana, Bella Vista, Monte
Verde, La Perla, Las Gracias, etc.), Province of Oriente, altitude 420 to
625 meters, on stumps and tree trunks, Maron 4196, 4223, 4269a, 4327,
4579, 4479, 4494a. (All in N) Sevilla Estate, in the Sierra Maestra west
of Santiago de Cuba, Province of Oriente, altitude 900 meters, Taylor
456. (Y, N)

In the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden there is a sheet (prop-
erly labeled A. integerrimum) without data, other than that it is of the Bern-
hardi herbarium,

The perfectly entire margins will distinguish this species at once from all
excepting A. neogranatense, to which it must be nearly allied. See under A.
neogranatense,

Asplenium rectangulare Maxon, sp. noy.

Frond 95 cm. long; stipe 40 cm. long, brownish, from an incomplete short-
repent rhizome clothed with lanceolate attenuate brownish iridescent scales
about 1.5 cm. long; lamina oblong-ovate, 55 cm. long, 25 em. broad, comprising
about 10 pairs of simple distant horizontal pinnz and a similar large terminal
segment; lowermost pinnze subopposite, succeeding ones gradually alternate, all
but the uppermost petiolate (8 to 4 mm.); lower and middle pinnze of nearly
equal size and form, 14 cm. long by 3 cm. broad, falcate, oblong-lanceolate,
broadest near the base but of nearly equal width in the basal third, then taper-
ing very gradually to a narrow acuminate upcurved apex, at the base decidedly
unequal, the upper side exactly rectangular and rounded (not auriculate), the
lower cut away in a straight line to an angle of 35° from the midvein; margins
of the upper base crenate, of the middle and outer portions of the pinnz irregu-
larly and inconspicuously shallow crenate-serrate; sori 10 or 11 pairs to the
pinna, 16 to 20 mm. long, narrow, nearer the midrib than the margin, borne
at an angle slightly less than 30°, slightly curved, continuous on the successive
anterior branches of the twice or thrice-forked veins; indusium 1 mm. broad,
firm, appearing much narrower when recurved at maturity.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 50359, collected in eastern Cuba
by Charles Wright (no. 841 in part),? in 1859 or 1860; distributed as A. salici-
folium L; Known also from Haiti: Nash & Taylor 11238, from Mount Malauyre,
altitude nearly 500 meters, growing on a shaded bank (Y, N).

“Tn this as in following papers the herbaria from which specimens are cited
will be indicated by letters: E, D. C. Eaton Herbarium at Yale University;
G, Gray Herbarium; M, herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden; N, her-
barium of the U. S. National Museum (U. S, National Herbarium); §S, her-
barium of Capt. John Donnell Smith; Y, combined herbaria at the New York
sotanical Garden.

>In the Gray Herbarium there are two sheets of no 841, both being A. in-
tegerrimum ; and no. 841 in the Sauvalle Herbarium at Havana, Cuba, is the
same. The material which should be under this number at the D. C. Eaton
Herbarium is not to be found, nor is this number in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden. Christ (Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 24: 105. 1897) has listed
a specimen of no. 841 as A. vomeriforme Hook. (Sp. Fil. 3: 109, pl. 162. 1860).
The plant thus referred may be either A. salicifolium or A. rectangulare,
A. vomeriforme is apparently confined to Peru and seems quite distinct from
either,

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 479

The present species must be closely related to the form regarded by Mettenius
as typical A. salicifolium and figured by him,? presumably on a Peruvian plant,
collected by Poeppig, this being the only specimen cited by him as of the typi-
eal form. Our specimens of A. rectangulare differ in having the pinnz longer-
stalked, broader, and with less pronounced marginal serrations. The general
form of the pinne is exactly the same.

} Asplenium integerrimum and A. kapplerianum, reduced to varietal rank by
Mettenius, are here dealt with separately.

Asplenium obtusifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1080. 1753.”

? Asplenium repandulum Kunze, Linnea 9: 65. 1834. (Type from Peru.)

Asplenium riparium Leibm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 244. 1849. (Type

from Mexico.)

Not closely related to A. sdalicifolium, but distributed under that name, is
Mosen’s no. 2111 from Caldas, Minas Geraes, Brazil, which must be referred to
the polymorphic A. obtusifolium ranging through the West Indies and in larger
States from Mexico to Peru and Brazil. That which Hooker considered the
most typical form of the species he figured © as A. riparium Liebmann, a name
first applied to Mexican specimens; but the plate is drawn, probably, from a
Brazilian plant, several of which are cited; none of the Mexican and Central
American specimens shows quite the same extreme development, while the
Brazilian specimen above mentioned agrees exactly.

The peculiarities of the species in this broader sense are well brought out by
Hooker, who places the better known dwarf mainly lobed or laciniate form as
the “‘ var. obtusifolium” of A. riparium, notwithstanding its priority of name.
Hooker’s opinion on the specific identity of these widely varying forms is here
adopted; reluctantly, however, not only because of the inordinate breadth thus
ascribed to the species, but also on account of the manifestly inappropriate name
under which the extreme form must rest along with the typical West Indian
form to which it is properly applicable.

The following specimens are in the U. 8. National Herbarium:

I, West INDIAN FORM (mainly). Fronds small; pinne usually obtuse, sharply
cuneate at the base, sometimes nearly entire,’ with sinuate-dentate margins,
or more often deeply lobed and irregularly laciniate, with sharply erose-
dentate margins.

Porto Rico: Utuado, Sintenis 6448, 6533.
GRENADA: Elliott 94.

DoMINICA: Rosalie, Lloyd 698.
MONTSERRAT: Turner.

TRINIDAD: Fendler 139.

CoLoMBIA: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1126.

II, CONTINENTAL FORM. Fronds large (up to 60 cm. long); pinn® larger and
more numerous, nearly all auriculate and less acutely cuneate at the base,
toward the apex acute or (in the Mosen specimen) attenuate, margins
Sinuate-dentate or irregularly serrate-dentate. (A. ripariuwm Liebm.)

Mexico: Vallée de Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Bourgeau 2014 (received
as A. repandulum Kunze); District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz,
Finck 35a.

4 Abhand. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 144. pl 4. f. 14. 1860.

> Founded on the West Indian Adiantum alis latioribus of Petiver (Pter. Am.
no. 117 pl. 2. f. 14. 1712, incorrectly cited by Linneus as f. 4).

¢Sp. Fil. 3: 119. pl. 169. .

4 Hook. & Grey. 2: pl. 239. 1831.

480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

GUATEMALA: Pansamalé, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1140 meters, ron Tiirckheim
(John Donnell Smith 630);¢ near the Finca Sepacuité, Alta Verapaz,
Cook & Griggs 58; wet forest floor between Sepacuité and Secanquim,
Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,000 meters; Maron & Hay 3263,

Costa Rica: without locality, Wercklé (det Christ).

BraziL: Caldas, province of Minas Geraes, Wosen 2111 (two sheets; also in
G); near Rio Janeiro, Wilkes erpedition, as A. salicifolium; without
definite locality, Glaziou 1771 (listed by Fée? as A. salicifolium).

A second specimen from Costa Rica (Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, alti-
tude 3800 meters, John Donnell Smith GS85) is exactly intermediate between the
two types. The Mosen specimens are the most extreme of all, Hooker's notes
will be found of interest.

Asplenium oligophyllum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 166, 1824.

A single specimen under cover of A. salicifolium, in the Gray Herbarium,
Fendler’s no. 326, from Tovar, Venezuela, accords well with Kaulfuss’ descrip-
tion of A. oligophyllum, and this number is so referred by Hooker in his de-
scription of the species. The margins are correctly said to be “ obscurely cre®
nate-serrate.” The broad pinnz and numerous sori are characteristic,

Two Brazilian species, Asplenium escragnollei Fée® and A. camptocarpum
Fée,? referred here by Christensen, appear from Fée’s excellent illustrations
entitled to recognition. The former especially seems very different and to be
allied rather to the Colombian A. ocaniense Karst.,° known to the writer from
a specimen collected by H. Pittier (no. TOS) in the western Cordillera, State of
Cauca, Colombia, December, 1905.

Asplenium neogranatense Fée, Tme Mém. 47. pl. 14. f. 1. 1854.

A species with a few entire pinne, figured by Fée, with no mention of the
characters offered by rhizome and chaff. -Apparently in its few sori a near ally
of A. integerrimum Spreng., but quite remarkable, as noted by Fée, in the great
Jength of the veins which are borne at a very acute angle to the midvein.

Asplenium austrobrasiliense (Christ) Maxon.
Asplenium salicifolium austrobrasiliense Christ, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien. Math.—naturw. Klasse 79: 23. pl. 5. f. 1. 2. pl. 8 f. 3. 4. 1906.

A peculiar form, well illustrated by Dr. Christ and supposed by him to be
common in southern Brazil. It has no near alliance with the true salicifolium,
but is apparently allied to A. oligophyllum. From this it is easily distinct,
obviously in its more numerous, smaller, and gradually reduced upper pinnze
which give rise to an enlarged terminal segment (instead of a conform termi-
nal pinna), in its fewer more spaced sori, and especially in its bipinnatifid
form with corresponding modification in position of sori indicated by Dr.
Christ.

The original material has not been seen by the writer, to whom it is known
only from specimens recently sent by Dr. Rosenstock under no. 296, these from
the Serra do Mar, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The form from Apiahy listed by Dr. Christ as true salicifolium is, judging
from description, referable to A. oligophyllum Kaulf.

“First determined as Asplenium auriculatum Sw., subsequently as A.
cultrifolium L.

5 Crypt. Vasc. Brés, 1: 64. 1869.

¢ Crypt. Vase. Brés..1: 62. pl. 15. 1869.

4 Crypt. Vasc. Brés. 1: 63. pl. 16. f. 1. 1869.

€ Fl, Col. 1: 173. pl. 86. 1861."

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 481

Asplenium kapplerianum Kunze, Linnea 21: 216. 1848.

The writer has seen no material to be referred to this species; yet it seems
desirable to call attention to its status in order that it may be definitely placed
by those who have access to the original material.

Asplenium kapplerianum was founded by Kunze on specimens collected near
Para by Kappler (no. 1769). The author refers here also specimens from two
additional sources, as follows:

I. Surinam plants collected by Splitgerber and described® by that writer
under the Linnean name Asplenium salicifolium. Wunze regards Splitger-
ber’s description as excellent for his own kapplerianum and compares the Suri-
nam plants with what he considers the true salicifolium as previously elaborated
by him? on the basis of Peruvian plants collected by Poeppig (probably the
same form figured by Mettenius as typical of salicifolium). But here Kunze
falls into the error of selecting for his ‘‘salicifolium,” as already pointed out,
an obscure plant from Peru; whereas the true sdalicifolium is a West Indian
plant, collected in several localities by Plumier, and, as has been shown, well
known from the West Indies under the name A. auriculatum,

II. Guiana plants, listed by John Smith ° as A. integerrimum, which are not
the integerrimum of Sprengel.

Asplenium integerrimum and A. kapplerianum were merged by Moore @ who
cites many specimens. From description A kapplerianum certainly appears to
be distinct from A, integerrimum and rather closely related to A. salicifolium.
Splitgerber’s var. 8 is referred by Kunze’ to Asplenium falx Desy./ which is
probably a true synonym of salicifolium.

In conclusion it may be said that the plant figured by Mettenius as
A. salicifolium is probably still without a name, unless it is found to
be identical with A. vectangulare here described.

A NEW GENUS OF ASPLENIOID FERNS.

Holodictyum Maxon, gen. nov.’ PLATE LVI, FIGURE 4.

Fronds numerous, densely cespitose upon an erect rhizome, simple, linear-
lanceolate, chartaceo-membranaceous, costate; venation wholly areolate, the
areoles in about 5 or 6 series on either side of the costa, free included veinlets
none; costal areoles elongate, cuneate, nearly parallel to the costa, the others
oblique, broader, oblong, mostly hexagonal, gradually much smaller toward
the hyaline margin; sori elongate, diverging at a slight angle from the costa,
confined to the outer vein of the costal areoles, one to each areole; indusium
single, straight or nearly so, firm, persistent, attached along one side.

Type, Asplenium ghiesbreghtii Fourn.

Holodictyum differs from Asplenium and Diplazium in its pronounced hex-
agonal areolation, this accompanied by a complete suppression of Jateral

“Tijds. Nat. Gesch. 7: 418, 419. 1840.

> Linnea 9: 64. 1834.

© London Journ. Bot. 1: 199. 1842.

@Ind. Fil. 138. 1859,

© Linnea 21: 216. 1848.

f Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 274. 1827. See Mettenius’ description (Abhand.
Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 145 1860) with reference to Fée’s figure.

9 The name is from Greek dos, whole, and dixrvoy, a net, referring to the com-
plete anastomosis of the veins.

482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

nerves. The sorus is placed uniformly upon the longest (outer) side of the
costal areole; otherwise the veins of the whole frond are of equal rank; all
are discontinuous in direction, adjoining only at an angle. ‘The venation thus
shows some approach to the type of Diplaziopsis; but in that genus, as in
Hemidictyum, there are well-developed lateral nerves, lost in a network only
toward the margin.

Species two:
Holodictyum ghiesbreghtii (Fourn.) Maxon.

Asplenium ghiesbreghtii Fourn, Mex. Pl. 1: 111, pl. 5, 1872.

Described and figured from specimens collected by Ghiesbreght (no. 16) on
wet rocks, Barranca de Tlacolula, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1842-48. This number is
represented in the U. S. National Herbarium by a portion of a frond.

Holodictyum finckii (Baker) Maxon.

Asplenium finckii Baker, Ann. Bot. 8: 126, 1894,

Described from specimens at Kew, collected in the District of Cordoba, State
of Vera Cruz, Mexico, by Hugo Finck, Represented in the U. S. National
Herbarium by an incomplete frond recently received from Kew, this showing the
areoles to be in five or six series, not in four as described by Mr. Baker.

Christensen has suggested that A. finckii, which apparently was fotnded by
Mr. Baker without regard to the earlier A. ghiesbreghtii, may be identical
with the latter. To this the writer is at present unwilling to assent. The
type of venation in the two type specimens is the same, but the areoles of finckii
are actually larger and relatively broader; the sori diverge from the costa at
a greater angle and are shorter, those of ghiesbreghtii (according to Fournier)
even attaining a maximum length of one inch. Yet we refer to finckii excellent
specimens collected from shady situations among rocks in a long deep canyon
near G6mez Farfas, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, altitude about 350 meters,
by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 336), April, 1907, which differ in their greater size
and higher average number of series of areoles and in having the sori rather
less divergent from the costa, this last character being in the direction of ghies-
breghtii. Whether the differences noted among the three specimens are no
greater than should be accounted variations within a single species can not be
determined with certainty from the material at hand; but it seems reasonable,
on the strength of the characters mentioned above, to recognize for the present
the two species already described.

The upper and apical portion of a normal frond of Doctor Palmer's no, 336
is shown in Pl. LVI, Fig. 4. The rhizome of the plant, though split in half,
lengthwise, yet carries fifteen fronds, which must be about half the original
number for the living plant. The fronds are about 40 cm. long and taper very
gradually from about their middle to a long attenuate base, being narrowly
winged down to the rhizome.

THE IDENTITY OF ASPLENIUM RHIZOPHYLLUM L.

Three very different elements were merged in Linneus in 1753
under the name Asplenium rhizophyllum.c The names under which
these have usually gone are: (1) Camptosorus rhizophyllus, applied
to the fern of the eastern United States, (2) Camptosorus sibiricus,
restricted to an Asiatic species, (3) Fadyenia prolifera, for a West

*Not to be confused with the second Asplenium rhizophyllum of Linngeus
(Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1540. 1763), discussed at page 490 of the present paper.

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 453

Indian plant. The last is, however, an invalid name; and in sub

stituting another, occasion may be taken to indicate the grounds for

fixing upon the Virginian plant as the type of Asplenium rhizophy!-
lum in preference to the other two elements originally included by

Linneus.

At page 1078 of the first edition of the Species Plantarum appears
the following:
rhizophylla. ASPLENIUM frondibus cordato-ensiformibus indivisis: apice

filiforme radicante. Amoen. acad, 2. p. 357.

Phylilitis filicifolia parva saxatilis virginiana per summitates foli-
orum radicosa. Pluk. alm, 154, t. 10% Pees

Phyllitis non sinuata minor, apice folii radices agente. Sloan,
sans 1%, histo 1: p.. Ti. t.. 26.-J.. 4s

Phyllitis saxatilis virginiana per summitates foliorum prolifera,
Moris. hist. 3. p. 557. s. 14. t. 1. f. 14.

Habitat in Jamaica, Virginia, Canada, Sibiria.

Turning to the second volume of the Amoenitates we find the
twenty-ninth, by Halen, dated December 22, 1750, comprising pages
332 to 364, to be entitled ‘“ Plantae Camschatcenses Rariores ” and to
contain among other things a brief chapter descriptive (at least by
citation) of some eleven plants of a recent Kamchatkan collection
which are supposed to be identical with species known previously
from North America. One of these is mentioned at page 337 as
follows:

ASPLENIUM frondibus lanceolatis indivisis: apice filiformibus radicantibus.
Phyllitis non sinuata minor, apice folii radices agente. Sloan. Flor, 14.
Filicifolia Phyllitis parva saxatilis virginiana per summitates foliorum
radicosa. Pluk. alm, 154. t. 105. f. 3. Phyllitis saxatilis virginiana, per
summitates foliorum prolifera. Moris. hist. 3. p. 557. s. 14. t. 1. f. 14.

Although the plant in hand was from Kamchatka the citations
show clearly that the Jamaican plant described and figured by
Sloane and the Virginian described and figured by both Plukenet
and Morrison were confused with this. The question is merely upon
the restricted application of the trivial name rhizophyllum given
later by Linneeus.

The Amoenitates description, “ASPLENIUM frondibus lanceolatis
indivisis: apice filiformibus,” though without much doubt drawn to
cover the Kamchatkan plant particularly, must in any event apply
either to this or to the Virginian, for the descriptive term * filiform ~
is totally inapplicable to the apices of the Jamaican species. Later,
in the Species Plantarum (1753), the specific character (though
credited to the Amoenitates) is so altered as to read “ frondibus
cordato-ensiformibus * * * ; apice filiforme * * *.” Thus,
to those who know the several species under discussion, it should* be
apparent at once that the Virginian plant is here especially meant,

26379—08

2

484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

and that it must stand as the type of Asplenium rhizophyllum; for
it alone, not only of the two, but of the three species, has a cordate
base.

There is, moreover, in the Linnean herbarium under the name
Asplenium rhizophyllum a plant of Camptosorus rhizophyllus re-
ceived from Kalm,* apparently held by Linnwus to be representative
of his * species.”

The two species of Camptosorus Link, 1835, are: ‘

Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 69. 1833.

Confined to the United States and Canada: from Maine and southern Quebee
south to Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. A form from lowa has been described
as variety intermedius Arthur.”

Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. 3: 45. 1845.

Known only from Siberia, China, and Japan.

The West Indian plant should be known as:

Fadyenia hookeri (Sweet) Maxon.

Asplenium proliferum Sw. Prod. 129. 1788, not Lam. 1786.

Aspidium proliferum Hook & Grey. Ic. Fil. 1: pl. 96. 1829, not R. Br. 1810.

Aspidium hookeri Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 579. 1830, not Wall. 1829, nomen

nudum.

Polystichum? grevillianum Presl, Tent. Pterid. 82. 1836.

Fadyenia prolifera Hook. Gen. Fil. pl. 53. B. 1840.

Aspidium fadyenii Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. 95. pl. 23. f. 13. 14. 1856. '

Fadyenia fadyenii C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 319. 1905.

In taking up Mettenius’ specific name Christensen has passed by two of
earlier date, either of which is available. There appears to be no reason for
allowing Wallich’s nomen nudum to invalidate the same name adequately pub-
lished by Sweet the following year. But even should this be done, Presl’s name
would have to be taken up. The doubt expressed by Pres] relates merely to
the very questionable reference of this plant to the genus Polystichum, a doubt
abundantly sustained some four years later by Hooker, who recognized in it
a monotypic genus to which he gave the name Fadyenia. Presl’s new specific
term was simply a substitute for the homonym of Hooker and Greville and
was placed with doubt under Polystichum.

F, hookeri is known from Jamaica, Cuba, and Porto Rico.

A NEW NAME FOR ANAXETUM.

~The genus Anaxetum was based by Schott on the single species
Polypodium crassifolium L., which was made the subject of an excel-
lent illustration. Fée called attention to the unavailability of the
name, Anaxeton having been applied previously by Gaertner to a
new genus of Compositae, and elevated Presl’s section Pleuridium to —
generic rank, expressly founding the genus on Polypodium crassi-
folium, surely in ignorance of the genus of mosses previously so
named by Bridel and since generally adopted. No other name hav-
ing been published in the interim the following is proposed:

ay), C. Eaton in Canadian Naturalist 13: 25. 1870.
+ J. C. Arthur in Botanical Gazette 8: 200. pl. 3. 1883.

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 485

Pessopteris: Underw. & Maxon, nom. nov."
Anaretum Schott, Gen. Fil. pl. 7. 18354. Not Anaxeton Gaert. Fruct. 2: 406,
pl. 166. f. 10. 1791.
Pleuridium Fée, Gen. Fil. 273. 1850-52. Not Pleuridium Bridel, Mant. Musc.
10. 1819.

The type and sole species is:

Pessopteris crassifolia (L.) Underw. & Maxon.

Polypodium crassifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1083. 1755.

Anaxetum crassifolium Schott, Gen. Fil. pl. 1. 1854.

Pleuridium crassifolium Fée, Gen. Fil. 274. 1850-52.

Generally distributed throughout tropical America, and subject to consider-
able variation, several forms having been described as distinct species.

THE CUBAN SPECIES OF ADIANTOPSIS.

Three species of Adiantopsis have been known hitherto from
Cuba. These are:

Adiantopsis radiata (L.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 145. 1850-52.
Adiantum radiatum IL. Sp. Pl. 1094. 1758.
Not uncommon through tropical America generally.
Adiantopsis pedata (Hook.) Moore, Ind. Fil. 18. 1857.
Hypolepis pedata Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 73. pl. 92. A. 1852.
Known definitely from Jamaica and Cuba; accredited also to Peru.
Adiantopsis paupercula (Kunze) Fée, Gen. Fil. 145. 1850-52.
Adiantum pauperculum Kunze, Farnkr. 2: 65, pl. 127. 1850.
Known only from Cuba and Jamaica.

To these must be added a fourth very different species:

Adiantopsis rupicola Maxon, sp. noy.

Plant rigid, 50 cm. high, fronds several, closely clustered upon an ascending
woody rhizome covered with bright brown glossy linear chaff with a dark me-
dian line; stipe 20 cm. long, naked, shining, purplish brown; lamina 380 cm.
long, 10 to 12 em. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous except for a
few whitish club-shaped glandular hairs on the under surface, bipinnate or, as
to mature specimens, subtripinnate in the lower half; pinn:e subopposite, for
the most part unequally deltoid-lanceolate with subhastate entire apices; basal
pinnze about 7 cm. long, 38 ecm. broad at base, unequally triangular, the two
lowest pairs of pinnules pinnate, the inferior twice as long as the superior;
second and third pairs of pinne narrower, of similar but .less pronounced
basiscopic development, only the basal pair of pinnules again pinnate; succeed-
ing pinnze pinnate only (except for the pinnatifid basal pinnule), gradually
pinnatifid, finally auriculate and entire, the uppermost produced to form the
somewhat attenuate apex of the frond; pinnules at right angles to the sec-
ondary rachis, characteristic ones broadly elliptical to ovate, obtuse, somewhat
excised at the base below, auriculate; sori numerous, marginal, terminal on
the veins; indusia single (or rarely double), spaced about half their width or
less, whitish, oblong to subreniform, reflexed at maturity to the plane of the
frond.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 372124, collected by William
Palmer and J. H. Riley (no. 242) in crevices of partially shaded limestone

*“From Greek meoody, a draughtboard (checkerboard) and mrépis, a kind of
fern, in modern use any fern.

486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

cliffs, in mountains near El Guama, Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, March
10, 1900. Two other sheets of no. 242 show the species in less mature states,
in which the branching is bipinnate and tripinnatifid only.

A, rupicola is by no means closely related to any described species, though
it is perhaps to be compared with A. pedata and A. paupercula, In‘the former
species the prolongation of the lowermost pair of pinne into lateral branches
renders the short frond ternate as to its main vascular parts, and the unusual
basiscopic development of the basal pinnules of the lateral branches again
gives the frond a broad pentagonal form. In A. rupicola, on the other hand,
the frond is elongate and the comparatively slight extension of the inferior
pinnules of the three or four lowermost pairs of pinne indicates no near
relationship to A. pedata. In method of branching A. rupicola is near A.
paupercula, but the pinnules differ essentially in shape, being of the type of A.
radiata and A. pedata,

A NEW GENUS ALLIED TO VITTARIA.

The Jamaican plant described by Swartz as Pteris angustifolia,
placed under Vittaria by Baker and taken up under this name by
Diels, has been recognized by several writers as typifying a distinct
genus to which the name Pteropsis has been applied. There can be
no doubt that the species is a very foreign element under Vittaria;
but, equally, it ought not to rest under the name Pteropsis. This last
was given by Desvaux in 1827 to an odd assemblage of ten species
belonging to no fewer than six genera. The first three species are
now placed under Drymoglossum Presl (1836), the fourth is the
plant under consideration, the fifth is Paltonium lanceolatum, the
sixth is Vittaria scolopendrina, the seventh and eighth (described as
new) are regarded by Christensen as problematical, the ninth and
tenth are Eschatogramme furcata. Paltonium Presl dates from
1849; Vittaria J. E. Smith from 1793; Eschatogramme Trev. from
1851.

The original diagnosis of Pteropsis reads as follows: “ Sporangia
in sorum continuum immersum marginalem disposita. Involuerum
nullum. Frondes simplices.” In fixing upon the type for the genus
it is not necessary to have recourse to a “ first species rule” in any
narrow sense; for, notwithstanding the diversity of types included,
the preference of the author seems to be fairly indicated. The first
three species are of the same type, being indeed referred by Christen-
sen to a single species (Drymoglossum heterophyllum), and by their
very position point out the importance they had assumed to the
author. Pteropsis thus restricted is, unfortunately, quite synony-
mous with Drymoglossum of later date and must prevail for the sev-
eral species now associated under the latter name, unless Mirbel’s
genus Candollea (1802) is to be fixed arbitrarily on the same type.*

“ See Underwood, A review of the genera of ferns proposed prior to 1832, Mem.
Torr. Bot. Club 6: 247-283, December 1, 1899,

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 487

The following name, given by Professor Underwood and the writer
some time ago to a large series of the Pteris angustifolia of Swartz,
collected in Jamaica, is here proposed:

Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon, gen. noy.®

Rhizome chaffy, creeping; tronds contiguous, exstipitate, simple, linear, en-
tire, costate, the costa concealed; veins of unform rank, all joined in hexagonal
(less commonly pentagonal) elongate areoles in 3 or 4 series on each side of
and parallel to the costa, without free veins; sori slightly impressed, non-indu-
siate, in a continuous or subcontinuous line at the outer edge of the ultimate
series of areoles, distant 1.0 to 1.5 mm, from the margin; paraphyses spatulate,
flaccid. ;

Type, Pteris angustifolia Sw. Monotypic.

Ananthacorus angustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon.

Pteris angustifolia Sw. Prod. 129. 1788.

Taenitis angustifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 42. 1827.

Pteropsis angustifolia Desy. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 218. 1827.

Vittaria angustifolia Baker, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 1°: 544. 1870.

The following specimens are in the U. S. National Herbarium:

JAMAICA: Mansfield and adjoining properties near Bath, altitude 300 to
500 meters, on tree trunks of humid forested slopes, Waron 1794, 1805,
2392, 2423, 2481, 2446. Vicinity of Troy, altitude 600 to 660 meters,
Mazon 2858. Above Moore Town, altitude 450 meters, Clute 272. Near
Williamsfield, Fredholm 3352. Cuna Cuna Pass, Fredholm 38216 (as
Taenitis lanceolata).

CusA: Mountains north of San Diego de los Banos, Province of Pinar del
Rio, on forest trees, Palmer & Riley 485, 513, 562. Monte Verde, Yateras,
Province of Oriente, altitude 575 meters, on trunk of palm in forest,
Mazon 4289; in the same vicinity, Wright 978. “ Posesion de Stark,”
near Jaguey, Yateras, Province of Oriente, on tree trunks, altitude 450
to 525 meters, VWaron 4445. Forested slopes of the Finca Las Gracias,
Yateras, Province of Oriente, on trunk of manaca palm, altitude about
500 meters, Maron 4465. Alto Cedro, Underwood & Farle 1554.

Santo Domanco: Wright, Parry, € Brummell 2A.

GRENADA: Elliott 68 (as Vittaria remota, det. J. G. Baker).

TRINIDAD: Fendler 116.

Mexico: District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Finck 116.

GUATEMALA: Cubilquitz, Alta Verapaz, altitude 350 meters, von Tiirck-
heim (J. D. S. 8038). Banks of the Rio Polochic, below Panzos, on trunk
of palm, Maron & Hay 3097.

PANAMA: Hayes 10.

CoLoMBIA: La Esmerelda, near Jamundi, Cauca Valley, altitude 1,100
meters, Pittier 954.

FRENCH GUIANA: Near Cayenne, on tree trunks, Leprieur 106.

BraziL: Matto Grosso, Lindman A. 3453.

The relationship of Ananthacorus is with Vittaria, from which it differs
radically in its type of venation which is strictly areolate without lateral
veins. The details of venation are shown by Presl (Tent. Pterid. pl. 10. f. 3.),
by John Smith (Hist. Fil. pl. 10. f. C.), and by Hooker (Gen. Fil. pl. 77. A.).

“The name is composed of Greek a privative, av@os, flower, and dxopus, in
modern use the sweet flag, the fronds resembling the leaves of that plant.

488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND CHANGES OF NAME.

Asplenium conquisitum Underw. & Maxon; Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. IT.

7: 270. 1907.

Dr. Christ in some notes (1, ¢.) on this species (up to that time unpub-
lished) listed recently four of the writer’s numbers from Jamaica and Guate-
mala. The first of these, from Jamaica, Maron 1558, represented in the U. 8.
National Herbarium by sheet no, 427829, may be regarded as the type.

The species was fully characterized by Jenman under the name Asplenium
rutaceum Mett. In his later studies Jenman recognized the plant as distinet
from rutaceum but unfortunately assigned to it in the herbarium a _ specific
name already preoccupied in this genus. Dr. Christ has indicated the main
distinctive characters.

The following specimens are in the U. S. National Herbarium:

JAMAICA: Moist woods near the Mabess River, altitude 900 meters, Maron
1558 (type); rocky bank in humid forest, vicinity of Morces Gap, alti-
tude 1,500 meters, Maron 2761; between Morces Gap and Vinegar Hill,
Underwood 1377.

GUATEMALA: Tree trunks in humid forest, on the trail between Sepacuité
and Secanquim, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,000 meters, Maron & Hay
6257; on a stump in humid forest, on the trail from Senahti to Actala,
Alta Verapaz, Maron & Hay 3310.

Diplazium oreophilum Underw. & Maxon, nom. noy.

Asplenium franconis Jenman, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 1: 91. 1894. Not

Diplazium franconis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 256. 1849.

The type of Diplazium franconis is from Oaxaca, Mexico. As illustrative
may be cited the following Guatemalan specimens in the National Herbarium:
John Donnell Smith's no. 636, collected at San Pedro Carché, Depart. Alta
Verapaz, altitude 1,150 meters, by von Tiirckheim, June, 1885; and Mazon €
Hay no. 3524, collected in Alta Verapaz, along the trail between Senahti and
Actalé, January 17, 1905. These agree closely with the original collection of
‘Liebmann as represented by a fragment in the herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden.

Compared with these the Jamaican plant is readily seen to be distinct. The
fronds are broadly triangular ovate, tripinnate or even quadripinnatifid, the
pinne ordinarily 20 to 25 cm. long 8 and 10 to 13 cm. broad, the pinnules 6 to 7
cm. long, lanceolate, stipitate (0.5 cm. in the largest), acuminate. The larger
pinnules comprise about §8 pairs of oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse segments, of
which the lowermost are free, deeply lobed and almost comparable to the pin-
nules of the much simpler D. franconis. The contrast with D. franconis in
size, form, and degree of subdivision is too pronounced to require more detailed
comparison, j

D. oreophilum is not infrequent in humid depressions nearly up to 900 meters
in the Blue mountains of Jamaica and is oftenest met with in a sterile condition.
Ordinarily it is found fertile only in the vicinity of forest openings, and in such
cases there is to be noted a marked dimorphic tendency, the sori (if present at
all) being borne very closely and in great profusion, with a corresponding
reduction of leaf tissue. It is apparently confined to Jamaica. Jenman’s speci-
mens (the types) are at the New York Botanical Garden. The following are
in the National Herbarium: Maron 1178, 2483, 2876; Clute 276; Moore; and
one from the Botanical Department of Jamaica.

“Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica 11. 1: 62. 1894,
» According to Jenman even 35 cm. long.

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 489

Dryopteris oligophylla Maxon, nom. noy.
Polypodium invisum Sw. Prod. 135. 1788, not Forst. 1786,
Nephrodium sloanei Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 265. 1874, not
Pres], 1825.

Dryopteris sloanei Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 815; 1891.

Nephrodium invisum Desy. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 257. 1827,

The above synonymy, if complete as to specific names, indicates the need of a
new name for this common tropical American fern. Swartz followed his brief
but excellent first description with a reference to Sloane’s plate 51, illustrating
a Jamaican specimen. This is unmistakably the plant known of late years as
Dryopteris (or Nephrodium) sloanei and best described by Jenman.@ Why
Christensen should have relegated it to subspecific rank and that under
Dryopteris patens is not clear; for its specific distinctness is evident, and in any
case the alliance is with Dryopteris serra, as Jenman pointed out. The lat-
ter’s remarks on its occurrence in Jamaica are otherwise of interest: ‘“* Common
among the lower hills and widely spread through the country, ascending to
5,500 ft. altitude, on banks and other open places. A very fine species, the
fronds however not erect but arching from the base outwards. A much wider-
pinnaed plant than Serra, to which it is closely allied. The texture is rather
thin but hard, becoming rigid when dry. The rootstock is very wide-creeping
under the surface of the ground, with the stipites scattered along it. Frequently
the fructification does not reach the outer of the pinne.”

The following collections are in the National Herbarium:

JAMAICA: Elevations mainly of 600 meters or less, Maxon 995, 1008, 1777,
1781, 1859, 1935, 1991, 2879, 2527, 2823; Underwood 104, 3249, 3301 ;. Clute
1381; Harris 8962; Jenman.

CuBA: Wright 3922; Maron 3920.

Porto Rico: Heller 6345; Underwood & Griggs 75, 762; Sintenis 2636.

St. Kitts: Britton & Cowell 483.

Haiti: Picarda 1030.

Costa Rica: J. D. Smith 6901; Pittier 20964; Wercklé (as Aspidium
macrourum).

‘CoLtoMBIA: -H. H. Smith 2454.

Nephrodium paucijugum Jenman is referred to by Jenman (/. ¢.) as possibly
a young state of the present species. Under this name in the Jenman herbarium
at the New York Botanical Garden are two immature sterile plants on separate
sheets. One of these, with creeping rhizome and serrate segments, agrees well
with the original description of paucijugum and is undoubtedly the type; it is
too young to refer with certainty to any described species, but it is positively
not sloanei (i. e. oligophylla). The second is a different species, with entire
segments and long-attenuate pinnie; it also is young, but apparently a young
state of sloanei (i. e. oligophylla). Jenman’s erroneous association of this sec-
ond specimen with his type of paucijugum explains satisfactorily his later sug-
gestion that paucijugum might be a young state of sloanei. Nephrodium
paucijugum itself, properly restricted to the original, must for the present be
kept among the species inquirendae.

Dryopteris pyramidata (Fée) Maxon.

Goniopteris pyramidata Fée, 11me Mém. 61. pl. 16. f. 2. 1866.

This little known species was founded on a plant collected in Gaudeloupe by
L’Herminier in 1861. No. 50240 in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected in
Santo Domingo by Wright, Parry, and Brummel (no. 12) in 1871 is apparently
the same. It is a true Dryopteris ($ Eudryopteris of Christensen) and is by

* Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 3: 164, 165. 1896.

490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

no means to be confused with any form of D. tetragona, which is of the section
Goniopteris. Fée’s detail figure almost certainly represents one of the lower-
most pinnee, probably the lowest or next to the lowest; at least in the specimen
at hand only the two or three lowermost pairs of pinne are contracted at the
base, as shown in the figure. See under D, johnstoni, page 498, and under D.
latiuscula, page 498.
Dryopteris radicans (L.) Maxon,
Asplenium radicans L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1823. 1759.
Asplenium rhizophyllum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1540. 1763. Not Asplenium rhizo-
phylum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 1078, 1753; Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1536. 1763.
Asplenium rhizophorum L. Gen, Fil. ed. 6. (emendation, at end). 1764.
Polypodium repens Sw. Prod, 132. 1788. Not Sw. Prod. 130. 1788, which is
Campyloneurum repens,

Polypodium reptans Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 27: 1309, 1791.

Goniopteris reptans Presl, Tent. Pterid. 182. 1836.

Phegopteris reptans D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 101, 1883.

Nephrodium reptans Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl, 1‘: 168, 1899.

Dryopteris reptans C, Chr. Ind. Fil. 288. 1905.

The Asplenium radicans of Linnzeus (1759) was founded directly upon
Sloane’s plate 29 and plate 30, figure 1, representing Jamaican plants, and upon
Plukenet’s plate 253, figure 4.

The Asplenium rhizophyllum published in the second edition of the Species
Plantarum (page 1540) was founded on the identical plates cited under
Asplenium radicans, with the addition of a reference to Browne's “ Asplenium
simpler minus reflectens, ete.,” this in turn having been established partly (or
perhaps wholly) on the Sloane and Plukenet figures cited under radicans and
rhizophyllum.

Asplenium rhizophorum L., 1764, is merely a change of name for rhizophyllum
of the second edition, page 1540; not rhizophyllum of the first edition, page
1078, and of the second edition, page 15386, which is Camptosorus rhizophyllus.

The three names are thus identical in application, having to do with the
same plates; and the earliest.is radicans, 1759.

The plates cited represent a species of Dryopteris,;—a common and well
known tropical American fern usually called Dryopteris (or Nephrodium)
reptans. The figures are unmistakable, Sloane’s plate 29 in particular repre-
senting a characteristic form of the typical Jamaican plant. Sloane’s descrip-
tion is not less distinctive.

Notwithstanding this, later writers have apparently without exception sub-
stituted under one or another of the Linnzean names (usually rhizophorum)
a plant of another genus, namely a true Asplenium with glossy stiff purplish
brown stipes and rachis, a plant like the original only in its wide range of
variation and in having a radicant tip. Swartz, in his Observationes Bo-
tanicae,? seems to have been responsible for formally introducing or at least
sanctioning this substitution, by noting (under A. rhizophorum) that Sloane’s
plate 30, figure 1, should be referred to his own Polypodium repens which had
been published in 1788, founded on this same plate 30, figure 1, and Plukenet’s
plate 253, figure 4. “Asplenium rhizophorum”™ was held by him to be bipin-
nate, in mature plants, a character here introduced for the first time. Because
of his P. repens of page 130 (1788) (this is Camplyoneurum repens) the P.
repens of page 132 becomes P. reptans in the Synopsis Filicum (1806), a

name given first by Gmelin (1791) who cited Sloane’s plate 30, figure 1; and
Senter egret dt
2Page 399. 1791.

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 49]

under this last name Swartz cites both plate 29 and plate 30, figure 1," the
prototypes of the Linnean Asplenium radicans, 1759.

By 1806, then, the transfer of the Jamaican plants from the several Lin-
nean names under Asplenium had become complete. The confusion could
have been avoided by a slight regard for the Linnzan citations.

Sloane’s long description ® is well worth perusal. His specimens in the
herbarium of the British Museum were determined as Polypodium reptans by
Jenman’ who cites plate 29 and plate 30, figure 1, adding, “Sloane well
describes the great variation of form in this species, and says that he had
‘not seen in any Plant so great sporting of nature.’ ”

If there is the slightest evidence that any true Aspleniuni formed a_ part
of the original Asplenium radicans 1.., 1759, A. rhizophyllum L., p. 1540, 1763, or
A, rhizophorum L., 1764, it is unknown to the writer. The Asplenium commonly
listed under these names (usually under the last) ranges from simply pinnate
to tripinnate and appears to have first received a tenable name at the hands
of Richard as Asplenium cirrhatum,4 on specimens from Gaudeloupe. These
were simply pinnate. Between this state and the most compound there is
every intermediate stage, as shown alone by the Jamaican series in the U. 8.
National Herbarium. The figures given by Hooker show some of these,® but all of
Hooker’s synonyms are not to be credited. A. cirrhatum is especially common
in the West Indies and occurs less frequently on the continent. In its various
forms it has received many names; several of these have recently been reap-
plied by Urban.’

Dryopteris serrulata (Sw.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 292. 1905.
Polypodium serrulatum Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800°: 25. 1801, not Mett.
1856.

Polypodium asplenioides Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800*: 26. 1801.

? Polypodium lunanianum Hew. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 2: 460. 183s.

Nephrodium serrulatum Jenman, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 3: 189. 1896.

The three names here inyolved were all given originally to Jamaican plants.
Polypodium serrulatum Sw. was founded upon Sloane’s plate 43, figure 1,
representing a plant of which Sloane says: “It grows on Mount Diablo, near
Archers Ridge, and other inland woody parts of the Island.”

Polypodium asplenioides Sw. was founded on Sloane’s plate 43, figure 2, this
showing a plant upon which Sloane comments at length, in part as follows:
“This is in everything the same as the former, only, although as high, yet ‘tis
in everything lesser, the Pinnae a little more frequent, shorter and narrower
by much than that immediately preceding, being not over half an Inch broad
at Base where broadest, ending in a point. And in this, which seems to be
quite different from the former, there are some varieties. It grew with the
former.”

“Also Plukenet, pl. 286, fig. 2, which had been cited by Poiret (Encyc. 5:
530. 1804) under Polypodium radicans. Poiret’s use of the term radicans
is apparently independent of Linnzus, 1759; and Polypodium radicans Poiret
is a doubtful synonym of Dryopteris radicans, The Polypodium rhizophyllum
Sw. cited by him as a doubtful synonym is, of course, Polystichum rhizo-
phyllum (Sw.) Presl.

5 Page 77.

¢ Journ. Bot. 24: 34. 1886.

@ Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 321. 1810.

€ Sp. Fil. 3: pl. 187. 1860, as A. rhizophorum.

f Symb. Antill, 4: 35. 1903.

499 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

In the early part of May, 1903, and again during the latter part of the same
month in 1904, the writer spent several days in the vicinity of Mount Diablo,
on both occasions staying at Hollymount (altitude about 750 meters) by kind
permission of the owner of this beautiful estate, W. P. Purdon, Esq., of Kings-
ton. Among the extensive collections made there is a series of specimens
including the connecting forms between the extremes shown by Sloane in the
two figures cited above; having regard for which there is no alternative but
to combine all under a single name, This is the conclusion at which Jenman
arrived in his later work, and he published a good description of the species
in this broad sense in 1896 under the name Nephrodium serrulatum Jenm,
(l. c.). Oddly enough, however, he yet made use of the Swartzian name
asplenioides for quite a foreign group of plants, describing ® under the name
Nephrodium asplenioides Baker several different forms, of which at least a part
are associable with Dryopteris radicans (1..) Maxon of the present paper (p.
490). That Jenman should follow Baker in misapplying the name asplenioides
is rather remarkable, in view of his having examined Sloane’s specimens in the
British Museum ” and his having drawn a proper diagnosis of the species under
the name Nephrodium serrulatum Jenm, (1. ¢.), which description certainly
includes the original asplenioides of Swartz.

The reference of Polypodium lunanianum Heward to D. serrulata is, from
description, doubtful.

The true D. serrulata is apparently confined to Jamaica. The following
specimens, showing a very wide degree of variation, as described by Jenman,
are in the U. 8S. National Herbarium : ;

JAMAICA: Vicinity of Hollymount, Mount Diablo, altitude about 750 meters,
Mazon 1878, 1890, 1898, 1908, 19238, 1925, 1952; Underwood 1890.
Hartford and adjoining properties, near Priestmans River, altitude
75 to 300 meters, Waron 2514. Vicinity of Mandeville, Maron 2571.

Goniophlebium ampliatum Maxon, nom. noy.

Polypodium gladiatum Kunze, Linnea 9: 45, 1834, not Vell. 1827.

It has been customary to refer P. gladiatum Kunze, founded upon specimens
collected in the interior of Cuba by Poeppig, to Polypodium (Goniophlebium)
attenuatum H. & B., 1810, the latter a rather uncommon species described
originally from plants collected in Venezuela and Brazil with mention of
Schkuhr’s plate 14, representing Guiana specimens. The Cuban plant, how-
ever, seems to differ constantly in the shape of the pinnie, these very long
attenuate and falcate, narrowed at the base and even subpetiolate, the lower
and middle ones essentially free and only the uppermost adnate or slightly
decurrent, and in the more numerous deeply impressed or pustulate sori com-
monly borne in four rows. The margins also are conspicuously undulate,
especially in the fertile fronds. The following specimens, which agree with a
portion of the type collection in the herbarium of the New York Botanical
yarden, show no more than a normal amount of variation.

CUBA:
PROVINCE OF ORTIENTE: Near Monte Verde, Wright S804, Maron 4801;
Santa Ana, 6 miles north of Jaguey, Mavon 4133, 4207; vicinity of
Baracoa, Pollard, Palmer, & Palmer G64.

4Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 3: 211, 212. 1896.
>The Sloane specimens were reported on by Jenman in 1886 (Journ, Bot. 24:
36). At that time he was inclined to regard the two extreme forms as possibly
representing two distinct species; from this position he later receded, as stated.

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 493

PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL Rio: Near Pinar del Rio, Palmer & Riley 41,
83; Shafer 388; in mountains north of San Diego de los Banos,

Palmer & Riley 510, 571; Los Palacios, Van Hermann 3291.

PROVINCE OF MATANZAS: Vicinity of Madruga, Britton, Britton &
Shafer GOD,

IsLE OF PINES: A. A. Taylor 9.

JAMAICA:
Mount Hermon, near Chepstow, J/oore.

Phymatodes nematorhizon (I). C. Eaton) Underw. in herb.

Polypodium nematorhizon D. C, Katon, Bot. Gaz. 3: 90. 1878.

This rare species, founded on Fendler’s no. 73, from Trinidad, and known
hitherto only from that island, has recently been collected on the island of
Margarita, Venezuela, by Mr. J. R. Johnston (no. 147) at an altitude of 500
meters. The specimens, which agree perfectly with the types, were distributed as
Polypodium lanceolatum LL.

Polypodium kalbreyeri Baker, Timehri II. 5: 215. 1886; Trans. Linn. Soc. II.
Bot. 2: 291. 1887.
Polypodium longipes Fée, Crypt. Vase. Brés. 2: 55. pl. 95. f. 3. IST2-73, not
Link, 1850.

Polypodium transiens Lindm. Ark. Bot. 1: 285. pl. 1/1. f. 7. 1908.

The type of Fée’s P. longipes was from Brazil (Glaziou 4414). Dr. Lindman
refers here also Mosen’s no. 3535, redescribing the species under a new hame
(P. transiens) supposed to be necessary on account of Fée’s homonyn. Guiana
specimens in the Jenman herbarium.at New York, however, show that Baker's
P. kalbreyeri, founded in the interim on specimens from Guiana and New
Granada, is the same.

Dr. Christ has reported @ the species recently from Costa Rica on one of
Wercklé’s specimens without definite locality, and the following specimen col-
lected by the writer also agrees perfectly with the South American material:
On tree trunks, vicinity of La Palma, Costa Rica, altitude 1450-1550 meters,
May 1906, Maron 466.

Polystichum solitarium (Maxon) Underw. in herb.

‘Polystichum munitum solitarium Maxon, Fern Bull. 11: 39, 1903.

Professor Underwood was strongly of the opinion that this form from
Guadelupe Island off the coast of Lower California is worthy of specific rank,
on the strength of the characters pointed out in the original description. No
additional specimens have been seen and the species is apparently confined to
yuadelupe Island. It is allied also to P. falcinellum of Madeira.

Tectaria martinicensis (Spreng.) Maxon.
Aspidium martinicense Spreng. Anleit. Kennt. Gewiichse ed. 1. 3: 153. 1804,
Aspidium macrophyllum Sw. Syn. Fil. 48, 239. 1806,
Sagenia macrophylla Moore, Ind. Fil. xxxvi. 1857,
Nephrodium macrophyllum Baker, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 300. 1867.
Common in the West Indies; apparently less so in Central and South
America. Sprengel cites Plumier’s excellent plate 145 as does also Swartz,

who accredits the name to *‘ Rudolphi, Bemerk. e Reise 2 p. 103. (Note)”, a
work unknown to the writer.

“Bull. Herb. Boiss. Il. 4: 11038. 1904, as P. longipes.

494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,

Tectaria plantaginea (Jacq.) Maxon.

Polypodium plantagineum Jacq. Coll. Bot, 2: 104. pl. 3. f. 1. 1788,

Aspidium plantagineum Griseb, Abh, Kin. Gesell. Wiss, Gott. 7: 286, 1857,

Dryomenis plantaginea J. Sm. Bot. Voy. Herald 220. 1854,

Podopeltis plantaginea Fée, Gen, Fil. 9. 1850-52.

Bathmium plantagineum Fourn, Bull, Soc. Bot. France 19: 254, 1872,

Appears to differ from the more typical species of Tectaria only in its simple
fronds. There are several well marked forms which possibly deserve to rank
as distinct species, ;

Tectaria purdiaei (Jenman) Maxon,
Aspidium purdiaci Jenman, Gard. Chron, III, 22: 282. 1897.
Nephrodium sherringiac Jenman, Journ, Bot. 25: 99. 1887. Not Nephrodium
sherringii Jenman, 1879.

Aspidium psammisorum C, Chr. Ind, Fil. 89. 1905,

To this species may be referred Miller and Johnston’s no. 158 and John-
ston’s no. 173, both from Margarita Island, Venezuela. The relationship is
clearly with Tectaria martinicensis. The types of both Aspidium purdiaei and
Nephrodium sherringiae were from Trinidad, A. psammisorum was proposed
as a change of name for the latter.

NEW SPECIES IN SEVERAL GENERA.

Asplenium sarcodes Maxon, sp. noy. PLATE LVI, FiGure 3.

Fronds numerous, 12 to 15, borne in a perfect crown; rhizome (mostly sub-
terranean) succulent, erect, 10 cm. and more high (incomplete), about 3 cm.
in diameter, at the exposed apex very thickly clothed with narrowly trian-
gular long-attenuate slightly lustrous ‘‘mummy brown” scales, 8 to 10 mm,
long, the margins entire or by rupture slightly lacerate; stipe stout, 20 cm.
long, Sulcate and dark greenish brown in drying, toward the base beset with
very narrow brownish scales; lamina oblong, 40 em. long, at the middle 15
to 16 em. broad, somewhat reduced below: rachis similar to the stipe but
narrowly alate, flattened (in drying); pinnie coriaceous (carnose in the living
plant), opaque, about 14 pairs, opposite or subopposite, the lowermost pair
borne at an angle of about 45° and distant 5 em. from the second, middle
ones divergent at a greater angle and about 2 cm. apart, upper ones gradually
smaller but not greatly reduced, giving rise abruptly to a petiolate terminal
pinna of similar form; characteristic middle pinnze 9 em. long, 1.8 em.
broad, nearly straight (sometimes either faleate or slightly decurved), lanceo-
late, petiolate, at the base unequal, rounded truncate on the superior side,
deeply excised below, the margins lightly, irregularly, and obliquely crenate,
more deeply crenate-serrate toward the acute apex; under surface (as well
as the rachis) sparsely covered with deciduous tortuose skeleton-like dark
brown scales, these filiform from a broad substellate base; veins concealed,
emerging at an angle of about 45°, curved, the basal ones 2 or 3 times forked,
the others mostly once forked; sori about 16 to 18 pairs, nearer the costa
than the margin, borne on the anterior branch at or near its point of origin;
indusia firm, whitish, broadly elliptical, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.75 mm.
broad; sporangia cinnamon-brown, long-pedicellate, naked.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 528133, collected at edge of rocky
forest near the summit of the Farallones of La Perla, north of Jaguey, Yateras,
province of Oriente, Cuba, altitude about 585 meters, by William R. Maxon
(no. 4890), May 2, 1907.

The following additional specimens may be cited:

Cuspa: Near Monte Verde, January to July, 1859, Wright 845 (BE):
“Summit of Nimanima, on rocks,” 1856-1857, Wright 845 (I); without

-MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 495

definite locality, Wright S45 (Y); fragment, Wright 545 (N).% Santa
Ana, about 6 miles north ef Jaguey, Yateras, province of Oriente, alti-
tude 600 to 625 meters, WMaron 4195. Near summit of Gran Piedra,
province of Oriente, altitude about 1,150 meters, J/acon 4051.

Porro Rico: Yauco, 1880, Garber 96 (E).”

Linden’s no. 1887, from Cuba, and Sintenis’ nos, 2692, 4234b, and 6459, from
Porto Rico, cited by Hooker and by Urban, respectively, as A. anisophylluin,
probably belong here; as does also Linden’s 1890 cited by Fée® under this
name, without comment, along with Linden’s 1887.

A. sarcodes is allied to A. anisophyllum Kunze’? and A. sanguinolentum
Kunze, the former an African species, the latter South American, A. anis-
ophyllum, as shown by two complete specimens out of the series at hand,
has the rhizome erect (as in A. sarcodes), not creeping, as redescribed by
Mettenius ®, whose description is otherwise excellent. It differs from A. sar-
codes in its firm light-colored subterete stipe and rachis (these could hardly
have been carnose, as in A. sarcodes), in its delicate membranous texture and
apparent venation, and in having the margins deeply serrate (instead of lightly
crenate). The fronds are considerably larger and terminate much less
abruptly than in A. sarcodes; they are also sometimes proliferous.

A. sanguinolentum Kunze,f in the typical form figured by Mettenius,! is
known to the writer only from Regnell’s III 1468, from Caldas, province of
Minas Geraes, Brazil (N). H. H. Smith’s no. 1128 from Santa Marta, Colom-
bia, altitude about 1,650 meters (N) is similar to this in delicate texture
and marginal serration, but has the superior base of the pinne less auriculate
and scarcely excised at the inner margin. Both specimens have the rachis
dark and compressed, as in A. sarcodes. They approach A. sarcodes only
through Wright’s Monte Verde specimen, which is the most extreme of those
cited under sarcodes and which has the pinne of more delicate texture and
more deeply crenate-serrate than the others. None of the Cuban and Porto
Rican plants have the pinnz auriculate or even subauriculate or excised at the
inner margin.

A. sarcodes is thus nearest related to the continental A. singuinolentum,
being distinguished ordinarily by its. very coriaceous texture, by having the
pinnz rounded-truneate at the superior base (even slightly overlapping the
rachis in some specimens), by its lightly crenate margins, and by its concealed
yenation.

Cheilanthes aemula Maxon, sp. nov.

Fronds about 50 em. high, clustered; rhizome short-creeping, thickly cov-
ered with narrow ferruginous chaff; stipe 22 to 25 cm. long, stout (2 to 2.5
mm. thick), more or less flexuose, blackish or dark purplish brown, rigid,
terete: lamina subcoriaceous, 30 to 35 cm. long, 20 to 22 cm. broad at base,
broadly triangular, very deeply quadripinnatifid below, otherwise tripinnate
nearly thronghout:; primary rachis similar to the stipe, its upper surface
and that of the secondary rachis covered with a scurfy jointed pubescence:

“Wright 845 was reported first by Eaton (Am. Journ. Sci. II]. 27: 199. 1859)
as “Asplenium, salicifolio, Z. affine,” subsequently (Mem. Am. Acad. II. 8: 205.
1860) as A. anisophyllum Kunze. It is cited under the last name by Hooker
(Sp. Fil 3:112. 1860). :

+ Listec by Urban (Symb. Antill. 4: 35. 19038) as 41. anisophyllum Kunze.

© Hist. Foug. Antill. 34. 1866,

4V.innea 10: 511. 1836.

€ Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 148. pl. 4. f. 12. 1860.

‘Kunze; Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 142. pl. 4. f. 10. 1860.

496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

pinne 12 to.14 pairs, the lowermost nearly or quite opposite and distant,
middle ones ovate, approximate and mostly alternate, apex of the frond short:
basal pinnz very unequally and broadly triangular, 11 to 183 em, long, 5 to 6
cm. broad at base, the first inferior pinnule 4 to 4.5 em. long and 2 to 3 em.
distant from the main rachis, the first superior pinnule 1.5 to 2 em. long and
1 to 1.75 em. distant from the main rachis; pinnules triangular-ovate, those
of the lowermost pairs of pinne relatively narrower with 6 to 9 pairs of
approximate narrowly ovate pinnulw and a subentire acute terminal segment,
only the 3 or 4 larger pairs of pinnule of the lower pinnules again pinnatifid
into small ovate segments; under surface glabrate, with a few yellowish hairs;
sori confluent, continuous or occasionally interrupted by a shallow inden-
tation; indusia narrow, membranous,

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 572224, this being one of several —
sheets of Dr. Edward Palmer's no. 187, collected at Victoria, State of Tamauli-
pas, Mexico, in a river canyon, under overhanging rocks, altitude about 320
meters, February 1 to April 9, 1907. Doctor Palmer’s no. 563 and no. 564 with
identical data are the same. Young semifertile or sterile plants differ in having
the fronds almost ternate or subpentagonal, and the final segments obtuse or
even rounded; in the last particular considerable variation is to be noted also
in mature specimens.

Cheilanthes aemula is allied to C. microphylla, with which indeed it grew at
the type locality; but from that species it differs notably in its broadly triangu-
lar fronds and far greater subdivision.

Additional specimens to be referred here are, as represented in the National
Herbarium, Dr. C. G. Pringle’s 1988 (distributed as C. microphylla), from
shaded banks near Monterey, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, June 20, 1888; and
Doctor Palmer's no. 1413 of his 1880 collection from some part of Coahuila
or Nuevo Leon.

Cheilanthes peninsularis Maxon, sp. nov.

Plant 15 to 17 em. high, the fronds borne closely; rhizome short-creeping,
branching, with compact covering of minute acicular brownish-striped scales,
those of the growing point tawny and long-attenuate; stipe 7 to 10 cm. long,
very slender (about 5 mm. in diameter), dark purplish brown, sparsely coy-
ered with very slender (mostly filiform) tortuose shrunken yellowish brown
scales, mostly appressed and inconspicuous; lamina 6 to 8.5 em. long, 4 to 5 em.
broad, narrowly ovate, clear bright green, deeply tripinnatifid, membranaceous;
primary and secondary rachises bearing chaff similar in texture and color to
that of the stipe but mostly broader, especially that of the secondary rachis
which is linear-lanceolate, attenuate, tapering from the base, more or less
erose; pinnze about 6 pairs, the lowermost subopposite, with lower basal pin-
nules somewhat produced, 3 to 3.7 cm. long, subtriangular-ovate, 2 to 2.5 em.
distant from the next pair above, these oblong-ovate; the remaining pinne
spaced, not overlapping, alternate; in general, the larger pinne deeply bi-
pinnatifid, with about 6 pairs of spaced alternate oblong-ovate pinnules, these -
obliquely and deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of alternate ligulate-cuneate
lobes connected by a flexuose wing of nearly equal width, the larger lobes again
once or several times cleft toward the apex; sori terminal on the solitary
veins of the ultimate lobes; indusia formed by the slightly modified inflexed
margins,

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, mo. 397942, collected by T. S. Bran-
degee in the Cape region of Lower California, Mexico, November, 1902. There —
are in addition two sheets from San José del Cabo, that is to say, the same —
region, also collected by Mr. Brandegee, September 10, 1890. All were dis-

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 497

tributed as Cheilanthes pringlei, a nearly allied species described originally
from Arizona and since found to range into northwestern Mexico. From (C.
pringlei, however, the new species may be distinguished by the following obvi-
ous characters: (1) The slender purplish brown stipes, with fewer narrower
scales (not stout reddish brown stipes with copious chaff), (2) fronds narrowly
ovate (not short, triangular or deltoid-ovate), (3) pinnmze spaced (not close-
set and overlapping), (4) primary and secondary rachises with sparse narrow
yellowish brown scales (not with very numerous broad whitish scales extending
thickly even to the vascular parts of the pinnules and commonly obscuring
the under surface). The last character is in itself sufficient to indicate the
distinctness of C. peninsularis, though the difference in shape of fronds is
almost equally pronounced.

Diplazium delitescens Maxon, sp. noy. PLATE LVI, FIGURE 1.

Rhizome creeping horizontally, 2.5 cm. long (incomplete), about 3 mm. in
diameter, covered thickly with distichous stipe-bases; scales of rhizome _ per-
haps somewhat abraded, inconspicuous, minute, very dark, coarsely reticulated,
brittle, elongate-triangular, acuminate, closely appressed; fronds borne singly,
distichous by succession, 45 cm. long, arcuate; stipe 21.5 cm. long, at the base
thickly clothed with brownish lanose hairs intermixed with a few scales like
those of the rhizome, conspicuously flattened laterally, the anterior face con-
cave, the posterior convex, thus in section narrowly hippocrepiform, vascular
bundles two; lamina 21.5 cm. long, about 20 cm. broad at the base, broadly
deltoid-ovate; pinnze about 7 pairs, firm, membranaceous, the lowermost the
largest, subopposite, 11 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, short-petiolate, patent, attenuate,
succeeding pinne slightly smaller, ascending, adnate, the uppermost 1 or 2 pairs
abruptly reduced, rounded or even retuse at the apex, giving rise to a sub-
hastate, caudate terminal segment (about 8 ecm. long), this shallowly lobed
below, toward the apex obliquely serrate; characteristic pinne lanceolate,
straight or slightly falecate, broadest near or below the middle, attenuate
(casually elongate), at the base unequally cuneate-truncate (below narrowly
cuneate, above subtruncate), the inner margin straight and nearly parallel to
the rachis, subauriculate, margins elsewhere regularly curvescent-serrate; mid-
veins prominent nearly throughout on the lower side, the veins mostly apparent,
3 or 4 times forked; sori elongate, 7 to 9 mm. long, narrow, slightly curved,
uniserial, nearer the midvein than the margin, borne on the first anterior
(simple) branch; indusia narrow, firm.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 403261, collected in the vicinity
of San Luis, Province of Oriente, Cuba, by Charles L. Pollard and William
Palmer (no. 348), February, 1902.

To be referred here also are the following:

Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Department of Santa Barbara, altitude 300
meters, C. Thieme (distributed by John Donnell Smith, under no. 5675, as
Asplenium cultrifolium). (N)

PANAMA: S. Hayes 57. (N)

A most distinct species, especially remarkable for its peculiar marginal
cutting which is best described as curvescent-serrate, a term used recently by
Professor Burgess. The form of the pinnze also is uncommonly characteristic
and quite unlike that of any of the smaller American species of Diplazium.
The type specimen shows only an occasional diplazioid sorus; but the Hon-
duras specimen cited has the sori more numerous, freely diplazioid, and ex-
tending rather closer to the margin.

A. cultrifolium L., which Christensen is probably correct in considering a
Diplazium, was founded on Plumier’s plate 59, supposed to represent a plant

498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

from Martinique. It is, on this basis, a species unknown to the writer and is
perhaps still to be rediscovered.

Dryopteris johnstoni Maxon, sp. noy.

Fronds few, SO to 90 cm. long, borne closely from a slender creeping woody
rhizome 5 to 7 mm. thick bearing a few stout cordlike roots about 1 mm. in
diameter; stipes 55 to 60 cm, long, in color dull yellowish, somewhat polished
beneath a minute inconspicuous stellate pubescence, quadrangular and deeply
sulcate in drying, bearing at the base a few yellowish brown, ovate or oblong-
ovate scales which are noticeably stellate-pubescent; lamina glabrate, broadly
deltoid, 27.5 to 20 cm. long, 20 to 24 cm. broad, 10 to 12-jugate, decreasing
rather abruptly toward the apex into a narrow elongate terminal Cauda 9 to
11 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid below, the apex entire; rachis relatively slight,
subflexuose; pinnz opposite or very nearly so, subcoriaceous, sessile, linear-
lanceolate, caudate, the midvein elevated, especially below, with a few short
minute simple hairs, veins apparent; the lowermost pinnze 11 to 14 em. long,
1.5 to 2.2 em. broad, strongly deflexed, greatly reduced at the base (particularly
on the lower side), broadest in the middle, uniformly lobed one-half the dis-
tance to the rachis or slightly more, the apex long-attenuate, entire, the lobes
close, about 20 pairs, slightly oblique, subfaleate, rounded, those of the lower
side largest (4.5 mm. broad), with 9 or 10 pairs of simple veinlets of which
commonly only the two lowermost pairs extend to the sinus; succeeding pinnze
similar, differing mainly in the smaller size, shallower lobes and less reduced
bases of the pinne, the middle and upper pinnze being broadest at the base
and decidedly faleate toward the extremity; sori of the larger (inferior) lobes
about 9 pairs, relatively large, medial or nearly so; indusia firm, reddish, even-
tually deciduous, bearing numerous simple whitish hairs mostly at the margin.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 582018; collected at an altitude of
450 meters on the Juan Griego trail, Island of Margarita, Venezuela, July 22,
1903, by J. R. Johnston (no. 192).

Known also from Trinidad, as shown by a specimen from the Jenman her-
barium (U. S. National Herbarium, no. 428910), and a second sheet representing
Fendler’s no. 54 (U. S. National Herbarium, no. 50241), the latter bearing the
following note attributed to D. C. Eaton: *“ Perhaps the Nephrodium defierum
J. Smith, referred to in [Hooker and Baker’s] Syn. Fil. p. 292.” The reference
is to a note by Mr. Baker, under Nephrodium refractum Hook., as follows: “A
Fern gathered in Trinidad by Aldridge, V. deflerum, J. Sm. MSS., has similarly
deflected pinnse, but they are narrower, and the lobes reach halfway down to
the midrib.” This description, if it may be called such, applies to the plant in
hand; but Smith’s name is invalidated by Nephrodium deflerum Pres], 1825.

The relationship of D. johnstoni is not with D. refracta (Fisch. & Meyer)
Kuntze, which, as represented by several specimens in the National Herbarium,
is of the section Cyclosorus. In gross characters it may be compared rather
with D. falciculata (Raddi) Kuntze, from Brazil, the West Indian D. pyrami-
data. (Fée) Maxon, and the British Guianan D. latiuscula Maxon. D. falei-
culata is a plant with delicate herbaceous ovate fronds, very deeply cut non-
caudate glandular pinnie, spaced segments, ete. D. pyramidata and D, lati-
uscula differ in their broader scarcely caudate pinne, noncaudate apex and
marked pubescence, and in having the lower pinnze not deflected.

Dryopteris latiuscula Maxon, sp. noy.

Aspidium (Nephrodium) wardianum Jenman, in herb, Not Aspidium wardii
Kuhn, 1879=Nephrodium wardii Baker, 1874=Dryopteris wardii Kuntze,
1891.

Rhizome lacking; stipes 35 cm. long, light brownish, stout, deeply and irregu-

larly suleate, with a thick seurfy covering of minute whitish stellate hairs

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 499

below, in the upper parts and on the rachis mixed with longer simple hairs,
these at length predominating; lamina triangular-deltoid, 40 cm. long, 37 em.
broad, about 15 to 17-jugate, decreasing regularly at the apex; pinne straight
or nearly so, opposite throughout, short-stalked (1 mm.), lanceolate, attenuate,
the midvein stout, conspicuously elevated, covered with erect long and = short
simple hairs, these extending also to the veins and veinlets: lowermost pinnie
13.5 em. long, 2.8 em. wide, borne at an angle of 90°, by the reduction of the
two or three lowermost pairs of segments nearly ligulate at the base (S mm.
wide), increasing abruptly to the full width (2.8 ¢m.), in the remainder of the
basal half lobed about one-half the distance to the midrib, the lobes gradually
much shallower toward the entire attenuate apex; lobes approximate, oblique,
slightly falcate, rounded-truncate, those of the superior and inferior sides about
equal, the largest 6 mm. broad, with about 9 or 10 pairs of simple veinlets, the
lowermost two (or three) pairs running to the narrow sinus (or the first pos-
terior veinlet sometimes only short-excurrent): succeeding pine gradually
smaller, of the same general form, gradually less reduced at the base, the
sixth pair of pinnze with only the first pair of segments reduced, upper pinnze
with base as broad as the middle, ultimate pinne greatly reduced (1.5 to 2
cm. long), finally adnate, decreasing regularly into a short entire apex; sori
of the largest segments 9 or 10 pairs, large, medial, the indusium light brown,
with numerous long simple white hairs.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 428925; from the Jenman her-
barium, marked in Jenman’s hand as from the *‘ Barima River, British Guiana.”
A second sheet has identical data.

D. latiuscula is of the section Eudryopteris and closely related to D. pyrami-
data; to be distinguished by its stouter vascular parts, opposite and less deeply
lobed pinnz and especially by the greatly reduced basal segments of most of
the pinne, even the upper pinne never broader at the base than at the middle.
It is less nearly allied to D. johnstoni.

Elaphoglossum palmeri Underw. & Maxon, sp. noy.

Mature plants 22 to 45 cm. high, with narrow fronds covered on both sides
with more or less scattered irregularly stellate scales; rootstock slender, creep-
ing, densely covered with copious dark-brown shining prickly-ciliate linear-
lanceolate scales, these continuing a short distance up the slender stipe, there
mingled with whitish or rusty long-ciliate scales; sterile fronds with stipes
5 to 18 cm. long, lamina 20 to 30 cm. long, very narrowly elliptic or
oblanceolate, usually widest (6 to 18 mm.) one-third the distance below the
apex, gradually long-tapering below, tapering more rapidly toward the apex,
both surfaces covered (often densely so when young) with rather small
whitish or slightly brownish, ciliate or irregularly stellate scales, those of the
midrib beneath and on the margins with a broader body: sporophyl|s similar
in shape to the sterile fronds but shorter and with relatively longer stipes, cov-
ered more or less closely with irregularly stellate scales above, fibrillose with
ciliate scales on the midrib beneath: veins distinct, oblique, mostly once-forked
(usually near the base), slightly thickened toward the end and scarcely reach-
ing the margin thus forming a condition between SStenoneura and $Condy-
loneura but nearly approximating the former.

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 372375; collected near El Guama,
Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, on banks of an open stream in the pine moun-
tains, Mareh 12, 1900, by William Palmer and J. H. Riley (no. 286). Also
collected by Charles Wright (no. 3957), in the year 1865, probably in the same
part of the island. The type specimens are lacking in sporophyls but represent

26387T9—OS——_3

5OO CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.

the more robust stage of the species. Wright's specimens, of which there are —
two sheets in the herbarium of Columbia University and one in the U. 8. Na-_
tional Herbarium, as much smaller but fertile.¢ The species is somewhat allied
to Elaphoglossum petiolatum (Sw.) Urban, originally described from Jamaica,
from which it differs conspicuously in its oblique veins, long-tapering fronds
(long-attenuate below), in its copious covering of irregularly stellate scales,
and especially in the prominent bristly-ciliate scales of the rootstock. In com-
mon with 2. petiolatum and the Mexican FB. arancosum (D. C. Eaton) C. Chr.
it shows a tendency toward an intermediate position between the two usually
well-marked sections of the genus, as elaborated by Dr. Christ in his mono-
graph.

Pellaea lozani Maxon, sp. noy.

Fronds 15 to 25 em. long, clustered upon an ascending rhizome bearing short
dark acicular scales with narrow brown borders; stipes 4 to 9 em. long (ayv-
eraging 7 or S em.), light brownish green, with a few narrow scales similar to
those of the rhizome; lamina 10 to 17.5 cm, long, '5.5 to 8.5 cm. broad, narrowly
ovate, acuminate, simply pinnate, slightly broader at the middle than at the
base; rachis like the stipe, bearing numerous narrow brownish black-tipped
appressed scales; pinnze 7 to 9 pairs, approximate or slightly imbricate (only
the lowermost pair or two somewhat spaced), simple, faleate, the lowermost
pair sessile and sometimes hastate, those above sessile, lanceolate, auriculate,
the pronounced rounded auricle overlapping the rachis, rounded or subcordate
below, the uppermost two or three pairs unequally subcordate, finally adnate
and decurrent, giving rise to an elongate acuminate terminal segment once or
twice sharply cleft below; largest pinnze (middle) 4.3 cm. long, 1 em. broad
near the base (1.4 em., including the auricle), tapering regularly and evenly to
an acute apex; texture firm, chartaceous; leaf-tissue covered sparingly both
above and below with short whitish glandular hairs; veins close, repeatedly
forked; sori forming a narrow continuous band completely around the slightly
changed margin.

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no, 462684; collected on wet ledges in
Iguala Canon, near Iguala, altitude 900 meters, in the State of Guerrero, Mexico,
July 25, 1907, by Filem6én L. Lozano, and distributed by Dr. C. G. Pringle as
no. 13947. The personal name is given at the suggestion of Dr. Pringle, who
writes most appreciatively of his friend and assistant, Senor Lozano.

Notwithstanding the marked dissimilarity in form, the alliance of P. lozani
is clearly with P. seemanni, from which it appears to differ sufficiently in its
simple pinnz, scantier vestiture, ete.

Pellaea notabilis Maxon, sp. nov.

Plant about 45 cm. high, comprising 6 long-stipitate simply pinnate fronds,
Khizome stout, 1 em. in diameter, creeping (6 em.), very thickly clothed with
linear long-attenuate tawny silky chaff (7 to S mm. long), that of the apical —
portion light straw-colored; stipes clustered, 22 to 25 cm. long, stout, 1.5 mm,
in diameter, terete throughout, straw-colored with purplish bases, naked except
for a few spreading silky hairs near the base; lamina bluish green, conspicu-
ously lighter below, chartaceous, glabrous, 20 to 25 cm. long, 13 em. broad, 4
deltoid-ovate in drying, once pinnate, 6 to 8 pairs of narrow-spaced (2 to
3.5 cm. apart) pinnz and a similar terminal segment, the rachis stout, naked, —
straw-colored; pinnz opposite or subopposite, all of nearly equal size (6 to 8 :

“Also seen in the collection of D. C. Eaton and at Kew; indicated by Ea
as probably undescribed, and at Kew placed with FP, tectum (H. & B.) Moore,
originally from Venezuela, to whose type specimen, as seen in the Willdenow
herbarium at Berlin, it has no close resemblance.—L. M. UNDERWwoob, in litt,

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. HO]

em. long), simple, linear, long-attenuate, straight or nearly so, gradually taper-
ing from the unequally subcordate base (S to 10 mm. broad), the lowermost
short-stalked (2 to 3 mm.), the middle ones less so, the upper sessile, the ter-
minal segment 7.5 cm. long, conform, sessile; costa evident throughout; veins
concealed, close, 2 or 38 times dichotomously forked, extending to the thick
whitish narrowly cartilaginous margin; margins broadly revolute, the sori
borne in a continuous broad band from the free mucronate tip of the pinna
nearly to the base on both sides.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 572225, collected by Dr. Edward
Palmer, near Victoria, altitude about 320 meters, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico,
February to April, 1907 (no. 234). Only one specimen was found, this fortu-
nately in good condition.

The long, simple, entire, spaced pinnze will distinguish Pellaca notabilis at
once from any known species of the group characterized by light-colored stipes
and rachises.

Phymatodes prominula Maxon, sp. noy.

Rhizome extensively creeping, slender, 1.5 to 2 mm. in diameter, thickly
covered with appressed ferruginous firm lanceolate scales terminating in a long
seta, the margins lighter-colored with flaccid deciduous cilia; fronds essentially
conform, exstipitate, coriaceous, glabrous, entire, 7 to 12 em. long, 11 to 15 mm.
‘broad, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, the apex subobtuse or acutish (rarely
attenuate), the lower portion gradually attenuate to the base, thus narrowly
cuneate; principal venation manifest, the costa and lateral veins elevated, the
connecting and included veinlets scarcely so or imniersed; in sterile fronds the
costal areoles narrow, the paracostal larger and extending nearly to the margin;
in the fertile fronds the costal and paracostal areoles of nearly equal size, the
latter soriferous; recurrent included veinlets few, short, immersed: ultimate
venation comprising a minor third row of incomplete areoles near the margin;
sori solitary, medial, 18 to 23 pairs, impressed, borne at the end of a single
branch or at the ends of two branches short-excurrent from the costal areole;
spores light yellowish brown, muricate; paraphyses filiform, flaccid.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 531952; collected on the San Juan
trail, island of Margarita, Venezuela, altitude 500 meters, by J. R. Johnston
(no. 155), July 6, 1903. Represented also by Fendler’s no. 50 from Trinidad
and by specimens collected by Charles Wright at Greytown, Nicaragua (without
number).

This is one of the forms usually called Polypodium salicifolium Willd.,? with
which species as delimited by Mettenius” it may be identical; but this name,
though used recently by Hieronymus,® is not tenable, having been used by Vahl
for another species in 1SO7. Of the several supposed synonyms associated with
“salicifolium” as a species or as a subspecies of lycopodioides none appears to
be available. Polypodium surinamense Jacq.,? as interpreted by Lindman,°
differs in all essential respects, as does also Craspedaria grandis Fée.! Both
of these have dimorphic fronds. Polypodium dictyophyllum Kunze, from
Guiana, is from description clearly a distinct species, as recognized by Met-
tenius.2 P. rosmarinifolium Kunth is an allied Ecuadorean plant whose char-
acters have recently been pointed out by Hieronymus.°

@Sp. Pl. 5: 149. 1810.
: bAbhand. Senck, Nat. Gesell. 2:96. 1856.

¢Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 34: 536. 1905,

4 Coll. Bot. 3: 285, pl. 21. f. 4. 1789.

€ Ark. Bot. 1: 247. 1905.

f Crypt. Vase. Brés. 1:119 pl. 37. f. 2. 1869.

: | ve
502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. +)

The alliance of ?. prominula in outline and venation is rather with the well —
known /’. lycopodioides, from which it differs not only in its more conform —
fronds but also in its raised venation, slighter rhizome and more translucent
tissue, A
Polypodium dissimulans Maxon, sp. hoy.

A very delicate pendent plant with numerous flaccid linear fronds; rhizome —
erect, minute, slender, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, bearing a few relatively large
bright brown lanceolate scales, with dark cell walls; fronds 15 to 20 cm. long,
% to 12 mm, broad, scarcely stipitate, greatly reduced below, the rachis filiform,
dark brown or blackish, bearing 45 to GO pairs of distant narrow alternate
pinne, decreasing gradually toward the apex or sometimes abruptly to a
narrow terminal caudate segment 2 cm. long, 2 mm. broad at the base and
there coarsely lobed; pinnie separated once or twice their width, adnate,
smooth, membranous, translucent, the lowermost minute, decurrent, distant
less than 1 em. from the rhizome, those immediately above gradually larger
and with simple midveins; characteristic pinnze 6 mm, long, 1.75 mm. broad
above the base, strongly decurrent, lanceolate, straight or slightly recurved,
borne obliquely (usually at an angle of about 45°), margins with a few shallow
dentate serrations, apex somewhat produced, subentire, obtuse, midveins dark,
flexuose, with about 4 or 5 pairs of oblique alternate veins extending half
way to the margin and corresponding to the oblique marginal teeth; sori large,
slightly impressed, confluent with age, terminal upon the veins.

Type in the herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith; collected from tree
trunks near Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at an altitude of 1,300 meters,
February, 1886, by H. von Tiirckheim. The collection including this was dis-
tributed by Captain Smith as no. SS4, Polypodium jubaeforme Kaulf. A
specimen of this number in the U. S. National Herbarium is less complete.

The present species is readily distinguished from P. jubaeforme by its exceed-
ingly delicate texture, very slender vascular parts, almost superficial sori, and
toothed pinne, the last a character noted by Captain Smith. The relation-
ship is rather with the British Guianan P. melanotrichum Baker® and the
closely allied P. suprasculptum Christ,? the latter described recently from
Costa Rica. From these it differs notably in its very narrow fronds and few
shallow blunt teeth.

Stenochlaena latiuscula Maxon, s}). nov.

Rootstock wide-creeping, flattened, about 7 mm. broad, 3 to 4 mm. thick,
naked or nearly so, bearing a few naked dark yellowish brown lanceolate
scales at the base of the stipe and extending up the stipe a short distance (3
to 4 em.). Sterile frond dark green, about 70 cm. long; stipe 20 cm.; Jamina
exactly lanceolate, at the base truncate, 50 cm. long, 25 cm. broad at the middle
and at the base, about 17-jugate, the pinnze 12.5 em. long by 1.6 to 1.8 em.
broad, simple, linear-lanceolate, subopposite, spaced about their width, borne at
90° to the stout terete very narrowly alate rachis, short-petiolate, subequally
and rather obtusely cuneate, tapering gradually from near the middle to an
evenly long-attentuate straight or slightly falcate apex, the margins evenly
crenulate-revolute in drying: veins conspicuous, simple or more commonly
once-forked at or near the base, diverging from the costa at an angle of about
70°: intercostal spaces about S to 1 cm. Fertile fronds similar but smaller,
about 13-jugate, the rachis fibrillose-chaffy: pinnze linear, 10 to 11 em, long,

“ Timehri Il. 5: 216. 1886: Trans. Linn. Soc. II, Bot. 2: 292. 1887.
> Bull. Herb. Boiss. Il. 5:3. 1905.

MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 508
7 to 8 mm. broad near the base, obtusely cuneate, stalked (2 to 3 iim.), long-
attenuate, in drying folded along the midrib.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 474000, collected at Juan Vinas,
valley of the Reventaz6én, Costa Rica, altitude 1,000 meters, by O. IF. Cook
and C. B. Doyle (no. 208), April 22, 1905. Less perfect specimens are those
collected by Wercklé and by Cooper, both without exact locality in Costa Rica.
Known also from Guatemala upon a specimen collected by von Tiirckheim at Pan-
samali, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,200 meters, February, 1887 (J. D. S. 1729), in
the herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith.

The present species is probably most closely allied to the true S, sorbifolia @
which appears to be strictly a West Indian species. It differs in its darker
almost reddish chaff, in having the frond pot reduced below or only very
slightly so, in the longer and relatively narrower pinne, these tapering and
long-attenuate from near the middle and not from the outer third as in XN.
sorbifolia.

“As delimited by Professor Underwood, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 591-605, 1907,

PLATE LV.

PLATE LV.

Photograph of specimen of Asplenium salicifolium L., U.S. Nationa mat
no, 523061, collected at Monte Verde, Province of Oriente, Cuba, ;
about 575 meters, by Wm. R. Maxon, no. 4306. About twe
size.

506

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE LV.

ASPLENIUM SALICIFOLIUM L.

Fic. 1.

Fic. 2.

Fic. 3. .

Fie. 4.

Figs.
are at

Asplenium integerrimum Spreng.

PLATE LVI.

Diplazium delitescens Maxon.

One of the second pair of pinnew from the type, U. S. National Mer-
barium no. 403261, Pollard & Palmer 348, from the vicinity of San
Luis, Province of Oriente, Cuba.

One of the second pair of pinne of a frond collected on forested
slopes of the Finca Las Gracias, Yateras, Province of Oriente,
Cuba, Macon 4479.

{splenium sarcodes Maxon.

A characteristic middle pinna from the type, U. S. National Her-
barium no. 525135, collected on the farallones of La Perla, Yateras,
Province of Oriente, Cuba, Maron 4390.

Holodictyum finckii (Baker) Maxon.

Apical and adjoining portion of a frond of Dr. Edw. Palmer's no. 336,
collected near G6mez Farias, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

1, 2. and 4 are from nature prints. Fig. 3 is from a photograph. All
natural size.

508

PLATE LVI.

5” | amg 5
4 fi - + "

: es
e4-%

Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X.

DIPLAZIUM DELITESCENS MAXON, ASPLENIUM INTEGERRIMUM SPRENG., ASPLENIUM SARCODES MAXON AND HOLODICTYUM FINCKil (BAKER) MAXON.

_— —swew —e

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

[Page number of principal entry first: synonyms in italics.]

Page.

CS eS eee 485
a a 485, 486
etiriie = se Se. 2a SS 485, 486
LU ee a a ee 485, 486
FTG) (ne See 485, 486
Adiantum alis latioribus__________~_ 479
waunerculum.___ -—2. --- 485
wae. =! = ee 485
2S RTOS): a a re 487
vigil) | rr 487
mpeeretiee oe 485, 484
momroGeums 485, 484
eet ET, | a a 485
BainGiuMm jfadyenit__._ _ +... __ 484
OE coy See Se a 484
macrophytivm_-— ==" 2 493
eG hit) , 489
martinicense —___—___—__-- Lee 493
pieniagmcum _..... -.____-___- 494

RP ROR ET RENO ne ee we ee ee 8 484
DaaMmnisoruimn 494
OEY, ES FRE. Pen Ds ae a ee 494
ipergianwmN = = eee 498

OR L177 a Nl A a a 498
PEM NRNTS Sea ee Se 481
6 SS a eee ee ae 476
OS a a 495
auriculatum___ 475, 476, 477, 480, 481
austro-brasiliense_____________~_ 480
ET ep ee 477
Mans LOCRHT pO — 22.8. Se 480
“eng cbse Tit ie i es eo a a 491
0 1 | a 488
Cling 0) ()) ———— a 497
Te EN Gy eS ee ee 480
ii ee RS ee ee eee oe eee 481
(Gh) eee See a ee eee 482
eRaTIaEOR 2s. Soe 2 Se a Se. 488
gniceorecgnivis= ===. —- == 481, 482
SPSERIR ANTE 2. Se a es 477
integerrimum_477, 478, 479, 480, 487, 508
kapplerianum _-___________-~_ 481, 479
necrransa tense —. ———_ - _ =.= 480,478
Saha a a ree, es 479

PE RRONAD yo. et 480
RUMMIP ARIAL PRRERINE 2 oA Se 480
SOMERENRND = Ss 484
Oe ae eee ee ree 490, 491
rectangulare __..~ <=. 478, 479, 481
TEUGeaviintt =.= 2 ee 479

| Asplenium—Continued. Page.
rhizophorum ___.______-____- 490, 491
rhizophyllum L. (1753) -------- 483,
482, 484, 490
rhizophyllum L. (1763)_--~ 490, 482, 491
ripartum —_—.-_-—=- eee 2 eee 479
obtusifoium —.——-——--.——~-~- 479
ig 5 ote | (a 488
Sabet Ub re 476
475, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 506
Salicifolium austrobrasiliense ___ 480
sancmmolentum: == == 495
BArCUdEeS == 22 2 es 494, 508
SEINACOT OGiEME — 2" f= Se 477
afb tt cig hit t,o ee 478
Bathmium plantagineum __~_~~_____ 494
Camptosorus rhizophyllus ___ 484, 482, 490
FIUCTINC GIN = 4 484
RiprieHt 22 ©. eee Se «ABE AS2
Campyloneurum repens____________ 490
Prolene Sy se 3 486
Cheilanthes aemula_____________ 495, 496
facrepiy lig = SoS 496
Oy eciabe lai) Ey ee ee 496, 497
ThE Ate aia ee Sa 497
Craspedariay Srandis 4 501
Prppeeraerirert Sa es Oe 482
Penpals et oe 481
GEL TOC SCOTING Se oath 8 ae Se 497,508
ESOC OMI fee 2 2 = 3 a ee 488
Orempualwn = on eS 488
DEVInoOrlensany 2s. B 2s se es 486
heterophylium:= 2 Fe 486
Dryomenis plantaginea ~~ ~~~ 494
Dryoepteris, Talcienlata-. 2 | 498
TicA One TS) IC) 4 lO i ee ee 498, 499
jC St Ce a 498, 499
oiye= 0) 63h ig tC ne a a a 489
De 1S) a ee oe eee ee See 489
DYTAmIGata oe ae 489, 498, 499
be Cite fe 490, 491, 492
Reimers ee Oe ee 498
Ve! Se a ee ee 490
Loci ig epee, el a 489
SO: a =. 491, 492
nroantet.. — ="... ae Eee ee 489
area Ss ee ee, 489
CO Se a eee ae 498
Elaphoglossum araneosum —___~_~~~_ 500
(OUTS 4 LS a a ae 499
TES: at): 2 a ee 500
oT ip ek = 2 ee a 500
Vil

Ars
. r
VIII INDEX, :
Page. , Polypodium—Continued. Page.
Eechatogramme .................- 486 Gictyophhy DUM ancien Se sot ee 501
a Sa a 486 Giesimulaus.... .....—...s0seee nog
Fadyenia fadyenii _.........-----.. 484 Gladlatess 5.2n6 nnn sce 492
OT) RENE ae 2 cries ESR ONT Fes 484 NOIERNS oS ecamn ven eee 489
SOONIGG Siaidcrvaincsanve soetastbcaaelhonss 482, 484 jubaeforme ....~ 1.6 csaeeeeee 502
Goniophlebilum ampliatum — . ~~~ 492 | nn 493
Goniopteris pyramidata_.___-_--__- 489 lanceclatum..... ...4<-.« =e 493
VORCRNG so cng ct ostam Kad scliigwtebion - #490 Le a 493
Hemidictyum ~~. ~~~ ~~ - ante 482 lunemlantM .. casa 491, 492
Rietedlety eit oo. Sata eee 481 lycopodioides ......_...400 501, 502
finckli _.___ ene a See 482, 508 melanotrichum . ___..-----..--- 502
ghiesbreghtii___ a See 482 nematorhMeon —< ..<..csi—saaue 49%
Hypolepte pedata ___....-..-..-_.. 485 plantaginewm ... 0.65.4 nee 494
Nephrodium asplenioides........... 492 radicans .....<06<0~..=ssnee 491
deflexum_-___ ~~ sarin i ae no do nial aay SS repens —-.—~ ep tah enainets desea case 490
Ree 65 ota eed 489 reptané ...<22 442255550 490, 491
masrenhehittt.< <= 5ik kkk nn ales 493 rhisophyliaum._.... <2 ace 491
prbeliaewtt.2.i 3c 5 ici eae 489 rosmarinifolium _....... «ss 501
PORrECHWR 52) oe An aceon 498 salicifolum._.._...... <n 501
| Ee ee eee ae Ee 490 corralatum —...~ css cane 491
SOTYENIINEE oo tn a iene 491, 492 suprasculptum ____.-_..4.u8eeeeeeeeee
BRAVES 5. cao 494 surinamense —-\.—-..._-- uae SOL
Ce MED BS Ee ent eee 494 tranetené.._..........._.s eee 493
sloanei_____----_-------~------ 489 | polystichum grevillianum —_~__-__- 484
wardit -___-_----------------- 498 munitum solitarium —___---____ 493
Paltonium____--~~--~------~------ 486 rhizophyllam —..—...--_- se 491
lanceolatam. ._. <= =- sen 486 solitarium__.....-..—_.-. eee 492
Pellaea lozani-—-_-----~---~----~- 500 | pteris angustifolia__-_. 486, 487
= Se —a ’
eee ee LN se 100, 501 | |
TTL | ae Pee Re st Bese Pr ref 500 Pteropsis Pay is ee 486
Pagdatatin 22 a ee ee 485 angustifolia --.--------------- AST
~ | Sagenta macrophyltla___._.__._ane 493
CTOBAROUS «25> 2 ee ee ee 485 g Pp
Phegopteris reptans__-______-____- 499 | Stenochlaena latiuscula ~---..-.~~~ 502
OE EE al TFS 483 sorbifolia __-.----------------. * 5038
Phymatodes nematorhizon ________~ 493 Taenitis angustifolia_____-__.-~-~- 487
|| ee aa nie 501, 502 lanceolata ~~... --~--_-si_Ssaee 487
nN ee eee ont & 484, 485 | Tectaria martinicensis -_-___-~_- . 493, 494
ransirenutt ..2 Ss. aon. ee 485 plantaginea —.--.s.-.----sissee 494
Podopeltis plantaginea ____-_-~_--~- 494 purdiae! ...+..-........ eee 494
Polypodium asplenioides_____-~_-~~ 491 | Vitteria =..2...-446..4.854 eee 486, 487
merriein CO oe oe 492 angustifolia .__.....-.....- 228 487
recs oN cea ee 484, 485 scolopendrina +_.....__ssiiaeee 486

INDEX.

[Synonyms in italics.

Page.

Abildgaardia monostachya ........---------- 458
tage or oxo sain os anes ne se ne 458
so eS a 139,197
MEMMNPIRESS Sa ee es bee > 133, 197
MpuGion Gurangvense..............--.2.---- 123
DS Si ee eee Seer ae 123
REE ee oe 8 Spee aon ahem 123
Nt es eo wee cece ecencleces 135, 144
farnesiana ...... Ree ee en) Meee 9p 133, 145
a) er eee 145
cine TS SP ap 8 Re 145
On ee ee 146
mperooOriguens .-..2-.2.-.-2-----.+e2>-~ 144
IRIE ooo oc oie ca GeO Soe = wa oS 145
mpi NeS.-.............. ¢ $28, 324, 327, 334, 370
LOOT SE ae ee ae en 2k Re 324
OUD LECT ael ae 328
0 i SS aa eee ee 334
ETL Siac is AR a ae a 324
“CT ae ce fe ee 327
Sot OCT a 327,333
NNER re eee. aS. Sak ioc 328
PEPPISIESCUS =.= oe oe ee Sn ee Se re 285
AI ee ee nn a Se Sans Wasa wes ae 288
IME TUR foe See a oe Sh 286
PUIENUMIRTES. Sere). ooh Sot oink hin ee ee 287
eh sr nok maine ae and 286
NOU sey ns al tala eee 288
Actinocyelus.........-- 240, 260, 264, 269, 278, 279
CETL ee ee 261
UOITLUNE - oe 2 eo 2 ik 2 a 261

LON SCT i ro 2 263
CL TT ONY Oe aa a er ar 261
LOO oe sa 261
SURMMIBIIIIE Foy ec So, nae Seac eee. 250, 261
OS 7 iN oy ee re ee eae 262
NONE rn A NE RL Fer a 262
OLE 1S a ee ee 263
Meee Ri oS Po Sea oies 263
PEPErPUMCIAtUS. ........2......2-. 243, 261, 262
NOES oe oh. Sot oP 8 Seat oat woos 262
OSS a 262
a 261
NS 261, 262, 263
REMI pra = a oer n 7 a on we ee 263
0 Ea I ee cee en ee 263
subcrassus AR a 261
RIN iriricd - a nointe oa denn Sb ck enawate 261
LO Oe en a i ers 261, 263
ee ACT Teer Free eiyawes 264
ere ok fe ik onan a & 262

Pages of principal entries in heavy-faced type.]

Page.
Actinocyclus—Continued.

TEAL ay TEM a ite ee a nas ee 272
AGMAOGIELVON cs on ote seat e oock Fan eae 269
PoC LTO UO EE ae ee ie ea eee pS 273

OR ReRe tee oo aes a, Sans oe Fe 274

BRN a Shleiig eek. pas at apogee 274

SCUNIANEE ser oe is ie eee Sn ee 274

NE ae oe, GE ea pe A a ge Ter 274

TR ere Sa Oe ed a tal a 274
Fes CRUAAD ELLE It ae eh ae he 269

SULOTRROTEE see ea Se eS Oren oe 271
ACHNROPEVCUUS.....— 2. 9o2u. 25.6, 260, 260, 267, 269

RIVOUMOMS oe Selo Se oe we ee eee 270

(agit Ca): eats, See a ees ee © eee Ae Ae 8 272

elcid 270

Cea) (00° TK oie Sek ee es Ae, mM 272

STU LeTIn sok eek ee es 270

(ROUTE PINE Ree ee ce Peta egy 272

TREAT EN 2 re, So mye oe ae enh ee

WOR EITICIOUN 6. 9 SF ct ee eae 262

Te ee So et ae ei ee 270

ISG VIPALUS PATVR =o. 24226 <- e- nadck 270

SRGRONE oe eee as ee 271

UTM ODEIG = 2 is TR Sia a ee 272

KC RR ead tig SO epee a ea aS a 271

PU emeGN Foe rd ek, Saas olen 271

po SR aOR a ae ae a Soo 271

Gremiene so eee nian ed Pee en se dete 271

PERRARONIIN coe ra cs va geen 272

ey: a are eae aie. ae 270

ht 3 ee i a a ee 270
LCD iat a ae See re oe het ie oe gee 148
AGOHENTREMRS ooo Pee ss eh 135, 149

PMVONIMAS 5-3 92 - e. aet ee eee 133, 149
PGA REN dec an es = ow Oa Ba ie te Sere 485

DAUIDERCU Uy ~ nee ee ee 485, 486

DEGGIE see se et oo te eat eee 485, 486

NOLEN ilies SR ee ee ae ee ™ 485, 486

TURN a beta Stow. Suites 2 hea 485, 486
Adiantum alis latioribus................---- 479

MRI OT CUCU G oe fo oor Sete oc hoe, 485

LOA TEN TY | le Pict pe a a 485
RESCOVROMCNE xq 44 6 FE soo cocci boss enw nk 138, 181

PART IORISILE F982 5 ie es al oe tae see Is2
: eee Ee ee eee 183

Ca at | a a ee 133, 183

Sod ep: CSS res Is
Agropyron divergens...............-....... 42
MI a oil's Chil a4 Then an Poke oe neadae 135, 142

ee ee oe Pere 133, 142
Alchemilla hirsuta alpestris ..............-. 96

509

510 . INDEX.
Page. | Page.
Alchemilla—Continued. Apium amma... .. . caccccesviuscwsdaun os aback
SRDOUMEROENS iioc ns vcvatpscdtutencs theaee 86 | Apodanthes ...........scoscssecenanee onssce ae
DRDEIDOONIS. sccscunic sctccnetneen tank 06 | Araobis ..0....cecncceccce css atau -. 138, 184
Alloneis antillarwim. ..........cccccccccccccee 336 HYPOGRES «oi. .-6ccceckcCabenun ---- 183,184
SEER tah atu ddd ren dp wade adaanakon -oce 836 | Araohmodéocus ...........scsceccenennn anase ae
DIPCOORIUD: oo i cenins cancestcbdubanadedus 137, 191 Chrenberg ls ..... 2... cevcescscedusna —
MumMUlarifollGs .. 6.05. ose ccdcunscaebat 191 | Arbol madre...........cssccouscss nee oon
AME QIGMEBOO 6 Si dines assésnkv incase dens 148 | Archnoidiscus...........ccccansvene csccesse AO
ORGUS o2 5 dc due ve ke wh eb aE Sores Lh eae ee 140 barbadenets ..........tasbtte oetewse se
AGBRGISG «eee eiinw ns cee ov asauaesads 368 WRONG Sos wen ast ecane > # on cen wien ne - 07
MINERS as o< 6 vc aa 0 kako Se cpu ae a hae 4 SODOMACUE 50.0 bas cn cccdccascbenl chenp ene 267
At AEEGE.§. dciuvine's dtc eck cs exch voxkenseeae 289 pécobarteus «20. .6.cccvsnece sae et
GumnceeOn nes i scCwatacns cttesacan? 291 OTRONUE onc cwcccvccenccuctce eee 267
FN ES De ee om ee $34, 860,378 | APOMO.......<ccecccceuccocucls nue 145
i EE bree AE a OP ees 381 | Arracacia aegopodioides ................... 127
BIOORG. oss na ccacek ep pececeenee 381, 381, 382 fruticosa’..<....scscesse eke cee ape awe a 127
MMTRORONS, 62 6 cane ncwiatscasevecuat 333, 367, 368 multifida .............:0+s00s= seen
CONEDICUM ii... cn ves bees Gs eS a> Ea eee ee 368 tenuifolia .........cen0ssaneee anne 127
DUCHIG VOFIOUy Bid. .ce nw ee nat ates 368 | Arréte négre ..............ccvuseeneneeee 167
Amphitetras .......... ceeeeeeeeeeee-es 289, 293,298 | Arundinaria macrosperma................- 42
cembediiavighd:. ...- sos ce ene~ one 293,299 | Aspidium fadyenti.........--.csesueeeeeeen 484
lene oat oun. lub cten ek eee 301 Rookert. .<.0.cscucs scnceuas staan 484
DONOR a3 Cig > ben wes eae cee 293 macrophyllum........+..«sssadebee eee 493
POTN iis. wn ene ccna ss weeenee eee 296 MACTOUFUM . ...... 2220-0: 5=05 eee 489
Og Og | re eer oy ef 291 a 493
SUUROUDN doh aes 2 anindockvadsvbbatheeeeee 291 plantagineum ...........csssasteeeeeee 4
SON MANG 505 c a sas act ee eee 296 proliferum .... 22.0 ccssses nee -. 484
Amphitropis........... non Sw em lens ae ee neat 368 peammisorum ............<snseeeeeeeeee 44
memtines. 5 Snric Beck's cd aie Sassen ieee 368, 373 purdiadt . ....5....0.0s2ccene eae 494
DR OON Nok etek 2S eee * 373 WATdIANUM ........-2.65-05n00ee ee 498
DOWNING 2-00 re oe «ee 375, 376 WAPKE .. on a Sates eos ee nus eee 498
Qubimintiite 2. 2h... inavksrs anaes cece 376 | Asplenium ......./.......:.+ss0esenneeee 481
Ne en Ee Fy Ae) pe = 375 abscissum ....2.........s:0esssneneeene 476
UNCON i's 520s cpurt cok vaeawe bo eeaee 374 anisophyllum ...........:+-<ssseseeeeee 495
QTOSCORE ao6200sccck. See, Tere ee 374 CUrtCuatUm 2... sks <n oveste 475, 476, 477, 480, 481
ne a a) is Ree oa 374 austrobrasiliense ..........: sseseasesen 480
farcimen oA co. fe Ace he eee 376 bicrenatum. . <3. .....:-<.406s5ne eee 477
Fa: ae anne Pe, fy aN Or aS 376 Camptocarpum ......2..-.sassaseneeeeen 480
TMGTIIIS ee oe cence nace eee 375 cirrhatum .........-+:..:.5eeneneeee 491
kamorinbensis..c>. 25.252 eee 376 conquisitum. ............sscsseeneeee 488
MVS feed ibpnn cueteece ucts sebh eee 274 cultrifolium . .. 2. :...6.<4s.s0neael eck fae
Wee as een ee ein ees 376 escragnollel ............-.sasuede eee 480
WGHIOAIN Us seats s< os oehi Leones eee 375 SOU ine cviececiec thi sas le eee 481
OOO . bast Sia cuwesbaseesratnhen iene 375, 376 ree 482
OVARS. 25 LE. yeas ee nee et See eee 376 SYANCONES 6.26 22s cnc csassnpy yee 488
pOttwiie os Siva naneone Mob suswete we 376 ghicsbregnts «.. aids anc a0ndcexdned eee 481, 482
PTOLGHS KAPIONA So cc~ Sauce coos rtet ee 376 hastataMm. ...2..60cssecsseng eck 477
MOQMURDEDIE: O54 sete awuse cs areneoct eens 376 integerrimum ....... 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 508
wachonlusente :. ooo saa shs aw poecesc eee 375 | kapplerianum «.....-s:.-sdeseessene 479,481
MFCIRBELOOUL «bi Pee 376 | neogranatense........sacveneeee been 478, 480
BOGS PEDROS as San who ves Hone tees 119 | obtusifollum ...........5:s0ssssueneenene 479
POTN eo. ss te cic wckxwencs cee 487 | ocaniensé ..:...--....cs...0ks pee 480
pbentifeline oo. an: ese ook cee cee eee 487 oOlHgophyllum .«...... 20. .0.Jss00eeeeeeee 480
BETO hace cns neckuauWadwakens ress nota Tae 314 PVOUSETUM «cence. nase n des eee 484
NDING oc so scare eno use cco 484, 485 TACICUNE Fs iacs on cnda vedas saee en 490, 491
ANNO oe Seren kc's cosnecs da bebeeeeen 484,485 rectangulare:..... .,.. Jcca-onepuen 478, 479, 481
OPCMIIOIIIN, 565 os cece ca thm oton sane tee re 485 TEepAndulumM. .... -.. 0020s dncceeeneeeee 479
WTA. oo oa kor taks shee eee 139,196 PREZOPROTUM os ww anc nnscrcacenceeepene 490, 491
| ne eine a rhizophyllum L. (1753)....... 4182, 483, 484, 490
BPMOGIEUE. i swe Lean sete ce ee 143 rhizophyllum L. (1768).........-. 482, 490, 491
MINOW 6 65263 cdvcagacn dat aal< 4s aueeke edaeme 143 TIPGTIUM,. 5 0. Kec cvccesassescessaeepee 479
AUOMOCOREL 5 z dis on JO Ad ick bones event eoet 333 Obtustfoldum. ........0c0sceuun eae 479
DONA 005 cok Suan don od aub ces eee 341 FUtACOUM.... 2. oe <csecevssnesuneeeeee 488
Astorthotiele non. ote ieee 328 salicifolium . 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 506
ANOCAPOTUM CUDERRE boc. de esan ls ecasechneeee 460 salicifolium austrobrasiliense ....-... 480
ASERECUR VAP CEUN oon ns 5c den ckkk pene eate hue 93 sanguinolentum. . 2. .is.ssssccenspananne eee
ROTOR as oo kaw ac cunsenine on eebiee 269 BATOOGGS «ccs ccivcnsncc-acebneee=neeee 494, 608

INDEX. 511

Asplenium—Continued. Page. | Aulacodiscus—Continued, Page.
END noo view pale ssccensccansuae M77 RE ee ausias =x tee us date date 281
PPPMOONIRO crn connected bias canvwes ahem 478 Le em soe anes sews Odeo Son 278, 281

MEP eer. at ad wens due at esubendads 273 | WURMET POU isla gk os wn cie cairns ou pedin dean 281

ENE we tiat cian a soma ny 2440 edged Oa IMOLORET 6 sch cda cn cowawnhe dasccld Sues se 236, 237
RE Nea chats eS Loin wn ain 0a a Nia sina DIB UI ARIES ing da vir wads mhanavwgncens'aree 60, 278, 281
RT re ad ere cn vic in haas aad oanene 274 Caen target ay ween evades totes 282
ge ae Eh an wit acne wine hi 274 MERRCCUMUELRED «0 iy 2 Wade < oes amides wie noes 282
0 ee erer rr re 275 ot Ee or 282
Re ee i 275 SAME aie atae 20 ne ocd ae eee 283
IER er ng oe wh aoe hace tac eaes 273 ASOT es Pa Oe Bs ie oe dando tS a 8 aap 282
ae ae Se ee 275 TRINA GS acy sas ee cede en ods oe 282
IE yy ene ee 275 MIRIGUEN esc) rae ki eeye oe: 3s oes axe oom 282
kas Sa OS ae eee 273 NO gt | Oe ee ee ae nee ee eee 282
UN Ce a ne 273 | DEMWIOBUSE ooo. ac aon ns ato est ue 282, 283, 301
2 CUR re ers Ss a ES ee 27% NLD ee Pata a aa wa eins i ie wo 283, 301
(on Gs 2 Se ee eee 276 MELCEMIOBUG Mais etnies meena 36S Se cla 283
EE a eee er eee ee 273 | MMU aa a6 oa gan aa ae oars oe anda 4 = 306
A ee eee 276 | co a a Ae a a eee 282
BMEIINO RIG ire ac Saki aie cnn a goes ce sane 277 | RULER BE ee Sere as Rtas pes Share Sala cia min a 282
Cy Ti el I ag a ee a 274, 277 RIOGMUATOS SO. 55 5e 5 Boe ena ee 283

rae 2 ae ce uy Sa ey AE MAAC 6 owns a einen iean cen ober es bancdavcs 368
AS ek Se ee ee ea UB s actinriad. 220 88. 8 coon doe notch 371, 378
oo ARC eS ee ene 274 | CLOPONTN sa es oe aden cutee a op fe 320
PUREE eta, one soe Pele fe Fo. 274 | Bia Tia fe Tt ee ee ey ee eee ee oe 379
OS he 5 SRE SS Se 275) | MNOCRICOMLET OF fac oc ewe es obice com tae 349
Se ee 275 | RCIRER ee weretnne ae he ee ek es, See 359
(Pie Ae a ae eg ee O71 BOCAS = «es lo ee ct eda. 285, 286, 288
RUTTEN he ois oS wes ee erin ae Ee dey AAT | a et eat ee ag ae 288
LESS en 275 CUT OPTS se ne Bt KIT Bn tee 287
Ee ee 274, 275 BGT VTA Th Se. SE pe oa See es eo Bea 287
CPi 35 00050 1 a rr ae rr eh SPIE. sect cn ee os ae aes Bre ee 288
DURE ue eee ae 274,275 WRENS Seen Ae Ses fo enor aan ..-- 286, 287
DSS. a a ae a DTA d ey a LCR LOUUUIINS ats. os So oes OS oe oe eae 155
SS ee aS ee ee ee ae i Sa RMN cae Fs a sciete S les ap siete Sep aig 137,175
OES Cs eS eS ee ee ee eee 273 pO)2 EDC: 4h: eRe ye ae SER le eae aE 176
“PU DTIS Breas eae Me A eee 276 | Bathmium plantagineum .............------- 494
00 EET PT ae Be a ee pau ree Ay MCNNIE Ge oe eas Soaps budanb uw ape 136, 153
SESE a ee 276 3 11 C Gagan ese a ae 97
2 2 ea ee eae ee 274 ig Nyt 1, oy cea aan i ie 97
RMGMBORISDUS 222254 m ncn ~ wa came cece 276 SOIT Se Se ee se = oe we 97
“A OU Ch ee 276 REDDIT erat peas oes eck) oe cans 133, 154
“OSS TES CUE Se ee ee 274,277 Cooley hi (0) ¢: pee a i oe eee ale 97
MIMI Ses ts a als Oh ara Sew iene va co oF 274 DAUNCUIbe yoo ste so co ke ee ee 154

LIS Se a ee ee ae 283 EOIN GROSS 2) SA Go sagas weenie See om eee 154
8 TT eae, Se sa eR 28 ORUCATMGN ets sc hoe eta cches one One 87

Ne nei Soh hon knw dns Se ws ah wine new 3 | PUALCHIGIONEAIG 240520 oo occ anes ses oaonn SS

eG Sn ee 277, 292 RIDING es St ee ee ee SS
he ye eee 278 CU sea’ oid aAcaecaneaased ss
OO ETT Silla, aS SE er se ee a 281 [UC 6H Ailes eae SS Se pate a es a 88,89
RMT he, ic Va ah Sao a nian 281 PPUSE sn aes ke Soe | ee or 89
DUM ot, thos Lk acon teen oe as eels 279 POGUL VAG ates cee ease baw ase a... 87,89
MG aS Me ace it ws oes oe mee meee 278 | 2) 0) 00 eae, oe ee egg Se ee ae ee eee 86
RR ee Ae ee oie ie ec a'w rs ene wm 280, 281 ‘22031 (CLE: SECA OC CR ge so
DS Se aS ae ea et eee 280 | Becquerelia glomerulata ........-..-.....---- 467
REPRE sn oe oN cn on Gee nowewe duane PAO a A: 99
Sa ees ou oes Sk ween gid om 278 | OG a nee ann donb an asain adetncwe 99
PPAR RRIONE GS oc Se bined ind Jone ne ae 280 | RENE re Si a Suen ak en ena wass ign ence 99

PeNEIE PSs S5 Sb S su hoe Se Se ee oe 280 MEN Feet Sd ccatas ues vy Woden koe 99

OT Se a, po 279 TEE GSS A ae a ee ae Sen 99
co) OR ee er ee eee ee eae 280 (Tend ty Rte Sten tia ae ae See a a a 99
di gk ob nid eae 4 aac Shao vig eats 280 ee Si its on Sbig on tains oo Awe wan 99
Oo SLs i iS ae A a ie eis 280 PI IGMMTLUU Sheet art lcra wad od n’sta See Sul cain 99

sparsius-punctata ......-.--.......-- 278 NMR Reese Sek aha tia ae niiwses 99
ES Crab dose an asetic’ ceaacan eee ok 280 , NN Si oe ee aes ann aan & 0 ces 99
tah tie clthy vols us <ipiy a aie anise nc 281 sericea...... Sok ee es, are F 99
Cc EES Sa ae ele 277,281 | Bergonia ..... eed iad wrt od oto e a sce 27:
| LSE ae es A) eR os... eecunsceccicsceant 334, 360

512 oo INDEX. 2 ee

Page. ; :
Biddulphia.............. 254, 289, 208, 372, 314, 315 Brittonamra .......-2+02eeeeeeeeeeen ;
glaskionwlt. « scisecscscnenbadedtatastiee 298 | Bromusarvensis...................
GUSTRORS. ccs askcoccutcanessecneubnatane 290 OEDOE sc vuwesncccusdevpovatieee ae
eanerneCaieas: na vascasscvencad¥sasneqaes 209 CROCS 5. oss ea cisweccwn Reet Fe
Ce EE Re re, er pe 290 Gendcwlatus......0-vescssccosstan
eae nd vtucesndehwse tealieine 209, 300 Giganteus ..........+.eeeeeeennes
ballegt: jcc cacccudscccutdbenvoapeduieae 306 incrassatus...... oosccevenskbaine
DGIGENG 200 vccnvcccevencsentsencatancs 291, 298 liguaticus ........... eer et
DECOT NG ss kn csnsvecnd aliscepenshbhnneenan 301 WOE cist: os ateasen wenn eee eeee eee
Diddulphsanass...cca0s cocagesciukecebacas 307 pendulinus .....<5+-sssssenne : =e NE hagl
DORON foo os 0 Sain ok cause vasa cee 307 secalinus ....- 20.6. oosenveevenae
biquadrete . ccvessescersepinesesueeay 300 secundus ...... snedemas «cue :
comsimiiis isi waidv ss eobvaueeouee naan 300 MONAIR. 2 ssutewdeneeee évecene nee
GORTIUER. 0s ca pc cccscunccueeshspubeensee 304 unioloides............. ceeeeeees sete
CUILGILEIID - cess cctnduaynceh shee Vennenanne GOO: | Buca. Nncticidcccccs eee « 3
Gisvigeis: cbsecscuctdnssccuadrushansaee 308 fT ey ey secesees con enda ee
GuBle «2 .ci cavidccvsnleetecvaspeauseeeeen 301 giganteum ............ ee *
edwardsii ........... 299, B01, 302, 307, 308, 309 loliaceum .......... ~—" seteeeeeeeenene su
elewahtile. cc sezecedc ves case a deeds 313 ONGNIRG. 2 3 ic csuvred “12s eee ea
OxtOnGh .<. cs ccvecphs dp knecawkie pane 302 | Bulbostylis ............. Per
PO VUS 3355 Saves oak suo oes ac ee eee 303, 308 capliintis . oc... tye one dweepenene
SIAMIORUE ova sad sa decane pepatnob ented 304 junciformis........ oss0s ose
GORDIE scke cies fds cin cdekuus aes nee 303, 304 PATAAORE. os eda sek nay én te
Pas ere Ty ery ye 305, 310 | Bunch grass, Arizona..... guar
Pkt D5 Sa el eg tence I 305, 307 DING Sane Se vee advan ws pean
Te ee eee sia once xt aed ieee 806 | Bursera...:...4,-:2/-. .as04ds de
DOW sion is o53.<tataodacetescs Pepe 305 Qplera’ Jit. disc ame cae seeeeeees ee
LOSS 6 aos pone aan Rete eRe B05 COTaMfONG: co.< secede ee em
mobiliensis .. ij... cosetadphaddn canes 306, 304 CHUTORS. i555 axa: Sanaa -(sacoueeee
OURRAG s ciites uous bea cae Uk tee eee 301, 308, 309 delpechtanas <.0 sé «such vee votre
| emer ae Tre tee 306 Sragilis........ oes akon iaaven %
POCORN. 525.5 il aceite ngtaunee 306 GUCHHANG ...62 cece save dank ”
pipiTlata. << ee in. cca ee ewes 506 grdchte 23. 3+ sae oceania
POTVUIGs 5.225 t occ sual ata ofits oad sean ee GTONGUYOUG: . 4 ices saede to eedes ' ae
DORICMNUNOD fo vin on'n ch att Oe ager 301 Gravedeus... 0234 /-ccemas \var eee co eeeeee ;
WYIMOPGIAUS |. 2 Se nase ccke iene 202, 307 gumindfera’ 022; iwcledeeten eerste)
PIERO iin cin dun cuatnoteo eam ee 307, 305 heterophylla s 22 ican a secee ae wane
quinquelocularis ... 2.0.00, secieeauan ns 307 hindseana rhoifolia ......... ite
PORIORIUE 5 as «lee nin'e eo ttua Beth - 301, 308 GONOWH | in le Ni eae as
gelietlnme . 3.2.3. la ee ees 294 karwinskit.o... J2.0cccceas ave eae
rhombus........ Poste dye caus Oe Mae 295 ROPOGL sai sacnke ewe eee .
TODCTUMLOINE oo sioen rival eecdgn's sash bene 308 MEXICANG, 2.25. vases cdenvews se eteeees
POORTIGUA.2.| Sodnaesaee eas 298, 302, 308, 309 microphylla ........- soccbdecrs scene
panbibaston: «asc 54. eee aie sph datih dene 300 MOTEORIE.. 5 ss wis sche settee eee ee
Scie. ie woo5 Nese ae oe 294 muliijuga. <2. doiweeenen eae ame
ROUTED. 5525 he oe as eee 309 Odorate .. 232 - ieeas cone aoe
septemlocularis. ... 2.2052 ccceeceeescecces 307 paimert . 5... ciseeeeeee ave <a 3a
setigera...... Saw tisk detale with cco aati 309 glabrescens ..........- oc
OIE SiS wing ch De 309 PANNONG ..)13.. 6s eebbenes ee an
shed bGltiegs ¢Soc0s 27.3 See eat 310 pringiet << <ceeved caver :
BY UNDGR ¢ Soin ate Fire wc ew at Oe 304, 309 SCHAYNONE ooo san sete ks eee
SUDINRURS oS cc radetes hess ces awe eee ee Bil OChILGEGNG: . 6 <2. ssanseaake eee
CARAT. 6. die nis enc'tvmesbaorslea = bie 296 schlechtendahlit .. 2... <..sss0%
SU RVOFOE is cass bc bee eeaeae oe 307 ecsetliflora. :.1./2castave ace en -:- sucka
CT Se en REE eC oo MS 307 submoniliformis.....-.+- seeceeesesreense 12
HOCUMOIIB 6 coin snake ccdoes diab odeees 307 SONU ONG o53 acts abs oo dae Shee eeeeeereee id i
ig | ee eee Re nc NS, Ae 311 | Burseria gummiferd.......-..--.-- - 1s
SEARO cect octet seca ncee rb keen 307 | Caesalpinia ............ ae =a Garsal 1
CONCMIONE ws Jicka habaackodak »sapeotokues 299 bondue ...... awiee's ences coeuceunme
PAOD FRU dais econ catnr ots saeewne eke 109, 116 OCIS casks gevagtanane paawe staal
Gendrtoides js. ys sack tec a pc chile e 116 Gillicsli .. 2... -..5.0cce. tevesengee
Black bead oo ccsenuse = Vhs can ss nono tcaeeeh 142 pulcherrima ........---. «+.
Bluerrass, Pnelish Gocco us eax ase an sneer 6 BODIMATIO 3. i7s sy eeniened cote eee eeeecens
Brachypedium mexicanum ................ 48 watsoni ......... Tet eax ry lance pe
Pe Pr eee $34,860 | Cajanus...i.iecck da snen odhagente voovnue
Brightwellia....2 01: sea-veboyseenee Pett. 264 INGICUS .......00-s0screscsescusqasmunl

INDEX. 51é

Page. | Page

PURI OEMTITIA INUININS: oo ccna vecncaeucronses 125 | Canavalia—Continued.
SalbaNUS ..-..-.---- Sit ee ey oe 87,90 PTIRIOCUREMNG SS 220% cope chaccdvecens aveoee's 210
eee ere RT AO cette oc re acon cskenbsepeevnerms 186
DREEEROISSU ee oO ctvidipak > cs «tes wise a veeedas ED Cua asp wae ox eabeobs des untécend cade 468, 444
CO Sa i re 144 PIOCOBLACIIUE 22a oss Sac nates: baa 470
III uo odes iin ica daeenues 133, 148 RR at eon ddaksdes Rhee cdnndendoans 169
SERRE te IP oo ice cic Suwinlcla nlc ew o's Amp 386 ea BIA ec en ata ae ok a hace ic» cielo 468
Ne i ne 333, 343 COMET ee tain oe ee Nin oie si oa ed oa ae 469
PE ete oe dan ines cane eee 339 TPT LS ee ae a ee ae 470
0 00S A ee aoe ae ee 344 VGRUIAMENOD CEs oe, case apiscun sone 468
i = S44 REFMAN OONG oo oc ccc n cnet denacuncee 452
0 Sa se 393 PERUISCRO is Pht tooo a Sok ogee 469
0 139, 206 i SE eS Skee ey eae Pee 470
OS 206 | WOMCRT Ea none ae iets pad Sule denne 468
OO ees ep a ee 168 | OS Reser Saar anh Seeks haa 470
MMII OMI Rae one fos Sone oc ea ce cee 444,467 | NTO ae tere aiist a n Sch- te, rata aXe ip roll 170
UD Ne a 467 DICH eMNis es 20 en 8 eae 469
0 na a 467 pk GREE ae oe eee eee 469,470
Calyptrostylis fascicularis........-..-.-.--.- 463 TRE AR eet Sa te te yes osama «nea 470
ee ee 463 FOE CITT 9108 Ae IY RS eee, aa ie SPER ee 169
MA -WOOG. on. 2 8-2 3 eb eon cee ne 164 SCTE pele ne cee oh nes TAs ee 468
RC ee RG Se ee es ee 136, 155
Camptosorus rhizophyllus.................. 454 LED ae eT eae eS oe ede ee ee 160
PACETINEGIUS +... .----~.....00 482, 484,490 Cat O I) oo ae Oe ae ae OR ee ee a 97
feet s es re 482, 484 oP NUL bobta) te (17 \eeh co S e e aee ee ee 98
MT LOGISCUS 22 oo 2-22. scl eke ses 384, 386 DICH DSIeMIGi ee 4 2a Sk oe a, Le ees ee 158
OOPS ge 388 PIII AO CTISN 2 od 3 Fs sa toe eee hee 159, 162
SEEDY Ne I ae a ae 388 CPTI SSS Nee Ae Be SO ene Sots Aga ee arae 97
0 ee eee eee 888 | reli ¢ Ck Ls. : Saale lg ae Ae 8 Se Ea 134, 161
INI ed oe he on aioe 388 GuUrameonwnis ga. 3). ee 2 9S
© Li) Pn SCE an a 386 CIITA O UNIS eet Bee ae Soot Soe hee 160
Ctra an se. ah a xno sn 388 SIMU Siti = Poin eke sen oy ee 133, 157
Oo Fie ee 5 pl es ee a 389 LiKE A Fa) gs ee ALE I ee ie re nS Ard 133, 145
MERUSCEORIQUUB. = - ori coc enc oe woe ee ae 386 glandulosa ......-- oe ee ROAR a Sie Ss 162
ECL SSAC (ss a eee 387,388 GCONIGIBAM Foe asses ese et ese 98
PETES ae Koa eta a cde enka wose ee 388 PRD OIG eet ee hee. neuen oe 133, 157
Los EN A ie Ee eee 387 Re MECH oe eee ee Re Ree See Ree 158
PURO CUSIN os 2.5 taso oe eo reac 387 DIPSET Ss oes keto te a Se 159
WIRED US wes ak ns oe ok eac eee ren 389 | AYITTSD OLMSee 8 eee Reet. ole Baer ee 162
MiGMOOPIN rs 35 2 8252-22 Sek soe n< one 388 — RIC UUEUISE ee sere oe st bh aE ae 162
oo SEN ee ne 386 | GCCIGEINAIIS: 255-252 S52 hss i a e 159
LASER TRS = a 388 GUADT Os = 325. c38 ee Se eae eee 159
LSU. a 388 Polya Uinibescn =. a ee ee ee 98
RN re ie hy Soo ae 388 Molypinyl i es os ee aoa 160
UO EAP Ee Sa ee a 886 | DORGOTICRUISIS 2 ners oe ee oe 133,161
OO DS ee 386 | CRO re 3 Wate n 2 Seana geet 161
WROMLCTTOMIEUSS > 028. 52 ees ececen ne 388 | pranGiets. .2..52.: ee te see 161
TOLD T ETE i scl apa SEE Se inn oe 389 CUITIGMAnSUINIG 2622s eso ccs, 158
STE Le ee ae ae 388 i ORs ie ee in a ee ee 133, 158
MRIS ot eis « eloais aa ao ~ besa owe wa 387 | Ly Ya a eg te le Se ope, A ne eg 134, 159
RN Me aie Shahin 3 ia cum Gaapuke ava en 388 | WUDOMEBMR. G5 eke over eeuSe Sieseace tae 98
NN ed a in sy mae's wee Cie BS Rago Sigh cred eee en ea 145
Tig opts aa ee eae ees ae 387 | Castalia, key to Mexican species ........... 93
OT SEE DS eT ee Se en A al 386 The sh) | eee eos STE a a eee eee 94
Re eat Abr ents nw end cone ue 384 | CAG oh ee ND Sa eee 94
a le wulicnieedidackeas 389 Rae oe eae ik ln os ole ancl 4
SS Se ee 387 | CW CEE See 8 Ae A, Oy ee aes 94
Ln EE RR a 388 Fei LTE: CR ee ie eee a eo ae 94
NN Sg ots Sih ge neal iy oe 388 BROTH ren et te Wan lem ple eae oe mee 95
NE ei xin fn nein oho a bee es 387 PRE Sean cub. oot swe. ok a baepleae 4
EE ee ere ear ae SVE CS i ae i ee re 4
ECS Re Se Ee ee Se 331 CHR te tee ce rc Un aee ns os vs omnes 4
0 a es eee es ee 3,5
OT ES a Sl ea ee EUR WO 07 (16g | a 141
Campyloneurum repens...............-.--- ee PRETO I ORIGIC a oa ce own vie wee cewecacce nace 131
Canavalia....... fe rE eee Th eT POMMILTOROTN Gs he ko cs ved anwacnsndn cna 139, 199
UII rng ah irs bas wy wt de eae ae 210 SETS ncn bp 55u mt Wee See ye 200

514
Centrosema—Continued. ;
WUDGTOG 5 Keccccgecke s sacuihebao ical --. 200
VIRGINIGUBN «occ vedsencapthsaghanteunes 201
OmUmthiollOae <i cain ccniacscoaneuna’ 201
CemNRLOCUIGUS sb. <sccsnsacakccdussnckdubesne 83
SEROTOOCORAID 6 60 cds dc ccsautvdvasgeenme 83
GORING oc cba cbé gantcbncvdapesegncdectbans 83
Cephaloschoenus globosus. .........-.0--00+0+ 462
ee ayy ee eee 462
Corcioulind BOP GORE oo.00cicccctnbsaesdageuas 284
Covet 3 os dc Sess dan cgtan bees cdsexeers 282, 298
DONORS S251 o's ncan ceoae.Uukes ayeeeeee eee 284
PT Peer errr thy tree ee 298
eer eyes eh Poy 305
DUONG Sra ckn cope entesis us patace ane eae 306
BOGACUE 3 0 sip cccdes vives casueesaberaueel 306
DOMPMOT PRUE oi. icine da cncdshehasuacenwinee 305
SGU | cbs Wawe hes toes heen eee 311
ee er es Ra 83
NOUIATIOE |. ooh sco ctes oe nce enh eee eee 83
pecten-aboriginum ..................2-. MM
eo Le ea Pe ay a een 83
WOHGIL. + conc pecenehadootassenae sak keeee $4
Cemlog neue 2. Jou suc ocasdeuadaeneacass 24,6, 289, 292
cinnamomeum .......--.-- pia whites Shae 292
COEGMPUS Sion clenwconuca baw Jeoee eee 256
WOIIOOEE Sawin Gan oonebaeesy clas eee ee 256
GHREDGCEFOE | is antas cwecn beast senses 284, 285, 288
CORTOTAIUIE <3. .ccn soo we cheese eee 287
COPING ii ese cen cach hs Case heen 287
WURGREGS coc seep. vaceek sky eee teers 287
Be ties eke nhs cuctans Ua peeane weak 288
VRAD 3. uh, cane 6 Hoe ade eens eee eee 288
CRACIOCYPET US MAPOUE . - We ea sa 3 ss canes knee 456
polymorphus ........-- aeces ecie a eee 455, 456
TUTMIOONS S wos enone kun es Lees 456
INE 00. os eke. ae ae nia eee 456
Cheactoapere, Globee «is isi5nn ss ds nce ao eee 462
CROMUGLAEMEG oo... onute ge cce see oo as pee 155
Gheilanthes acmula -.5.-. 0. 2 -. So oscieee 495, 496
Ber h PU es inics «bas canon n'd- sence ae 496
peninsOlarinn<(s.-+ sc oNs nin 496, 497
POIRRION «0. binde pe idnuerece nt yee rene 497
Giietilia nos < cob. ccents = eee ee Sie calow. G $4, 126
Chileniiie foc ac oe ao oe oe ea 85
Ghinamenta. 2.55.3: Soin eee tens te tee eee 3
CUSHIIA: nz oe ae ee cee eee eee 334
JOrenwiena. <a 2-5. -bacedcn hee eee 334
Gawiatile. oc. ten cad capstone 325
biakerté. 5. 2th arnt ieee 325
Rattan ss chine ee es a Deeew nde 170
Clematis rhodocarpa: -. 2... =. 25ec. ey eeee 95
TOMS Os ose Se tn ca teanr teen oe eae eee 95
CREA COMTI iin on neces Shanes vee 32
CRA, 3-05. on. chines adevooes that ores 325
GION OBER Co nncasexsctdstines Seendee eee 825
PUODOR IIE vines Sup deen ie cota ee een 325
th a ee er ee oe 32
CUTOFIB S526 Ute ue ak aeons hemes 139, 198
Pnterthetin nw’. notckeaubakabecthessersaanil 199
RUDIGIMODRs circu Wad mnuhee eons abe ake 199
termates® .é 22 5cx 5. cceee.s aoe 133, 198
Coaxans ebractesie =. o2e. sve5 ct ne eeenes 131
OGODANG . scone bss catechhs ees settasp oe cere 152
Copetnla cs. vde ocho eee $28,334, 368, 373, 384
OOTIGON «on ca Mvp paSaeneus cing eeeenteees 333
SUORR oe cdcucicsssantackebakeus uence 832
a Eee ee Mee 328

Ondllte'#5. clecss Sete «oon thea
baldjikiana....... Ser. osccebuavae
beltmeyeri ............-.. woeseaneee
circumeineta ........ dy eusean vwiatel

COMB un bd datheonasosute wake
curvi-rotunda .......... ovcdahee

Gecipieha ..cccdc: ps cceban acne

| seateeseseaneees
diaphana Ocsacaceuvacvessene eee ehh :
GRUPER ot adaccsnacndeee eee weve
eee BS “

COMME coca ccacedaneee ceoeeeeeenee
CEITGVAGORE . . 6.2 ccc cnes avon
Remelia i. i.ces 5. 00+ sccke ee
SORMAOND sok a6. cess ensue ssesenenenas 334
FT. Sent schacepeneene wet eeeet este eee ee
grevitlel’.. 3.25 ceener see ceeecccnen 329, 89 a
heteroidea ccpadtueaueennen tee e eww ewe wwe so iT
og | eT ef <nsaasneiea
fantechit 5.2: ticsnmeee «3 «nang
kerguelensis............... <x danse
lunyaceckif...i..¢accucstau me re
notabilis .......... Sas See eer
Oculus-COl .... ssencecexen settee eee e scene
pellucida ........ Cerda : 2s ga
pseudomarginata........... ee
punctatissima ............ .- Scene Mi
repelis . 3. .viitessleanaie cannon ae
TOGIDA oo. deen ede cas aeeeeee we B29
acutelun <2. 3. weseuee ti
senegalensis ............. seeeeeeeeesen, a
MONG vas ca cedkn didn =o “3 -
sigmoradians..............-- seesndenage 2 is .
sparsipunctata .......... eee iy
splendid...) .', ..xc.s<ea eee 3 ee z
trachylicg ......<ocecesace - eee - wa
COCCOneniss . ....f2~ = nace s eee - 360, j :
QSPEPOM o.ckwascunssaeune - jcceeeeeian
COTRUGUI. — 500 ccc nku oon nee oe.
cymbtforMe, .« .ii-.50dss nee eeeee
POMPOM 6 io ante ts caniveee ou obese ecene
inaéquale <..) 25 .-5cheueenen <o-aaeniee
kamtschatica........... aoc lode
JANGeOIAGAM.U. 2 22. ouesneee un none 373 —
Coffee, Sudan. J... .3.5.s20ekeaee oo wept ie ee
OGjODS. . 5.0500 0cs sca Sea rene y
CopGbanas . < ... sas «sony suet ene snake
Cojobille . 3. .2..6)¢se500cne eee
GojOD0. ...icecies ska cecnaehaee eee
Cpllctonemtt 4. iius .o nav nevh ge eee
VITIGUUMN: . cscs ss. non sehen eee
Cologania congesta.............. oo nase ee
Geamal oc... castekacee shasta
ae
Gand cs ovannsch caeeeeene
Conferva biddulphiana......... eee
CON QUREG adits os tpi ceacws se stereeeenees $12
moniliformis ..........-..- sooteereees oe
Copal, American © cocnseshonswese = <i aaeee
Copaltte .c:c,.t7ss nooo seeeeeee ai
Coralitas.......... stndsseudab ecm itemeinee
GOrethTon, 2.6 ake esesdncpaessdaaenens sane

INDEX. 15

Corinna—Continued. Page. | Coscinodiscus—Continued, Page.
CO Oe ae BURG oe ane) Mies 313 OGULOBARIOIS .~ ccs scke ns sn cddnans 247, 248, 256
EO fe oa pica trie pa clante dda tae ran awe ai 386 WORT ET Oe sp eee» Palewe ncaa nae pees 256
DIN Dio caedlay cence da sedve vageasee 137,177 1 | ee ed ee ae, ee a ee 248
iidind a nwan ude tends sauansaae a7 OOOMUOWMOMIN: fe aca bene cuene soc awses were 259
eI IMT IMU te A SA SO Satis nveaese a 241, OMIDNAIAIENUS: acon ck: oo enaces~ aoe of 21,7, 256
244, 246, 260, 261, 264, 264, 265, 281, 316 | piyeg eV TR ae ee ea a ee a ee ae ae 249

COSA ES 2 es ae ae 247 PUR artS cst nak oa be aoe 256
OE OPO OE eR a De pee eae 247 | BUN oe ee eee ek enc seen dew 257
RRR oe eies so vice ea > boacse snes « 260 Pi TUTTO aig a ee roa vig os Pee se a 265
OES SE a ne Oe A ee 252 radiatus ......... 248, 255, 257, 257, 258, 260, 316
Se See eee 252 EOS oop run Lorde Soe vance wets 253
EE aii tie iiss Sond as ws ewido ta 250, 260 BUOCEQUGIIONOIVG cio ccs cin swdea waste 5%}
BePOTOMIPNSIOS, = on. s ect eee essa 247, 248, 256 | RP ee ate ie Fern als Pcie is SOs we 255
REIIROR LE eS es ono we mane’ a eon 255 | YODURSUUS 5 2s oe are's 2 246, 247, 252, 253, 254, 258
OS UC a ... 248, 257 PM EVINEOILU ake ac eens eto ack wis 2A3, 254
IRR Eee Sle goo coc wa naw ae eae 257 GLAU Ne Seriya eee en ee we ot aaa gle 259
Toh 247, 248, 249, 250, 256 BOOM ee ees ee 250, 252, 258
mei beg ttt 248 NERV RUAN a aoe Cee oe ade Stee A ab bre 258
ACMA ee 5 a ana enn iuc aes 249 ROD eee ds acide acne wake oc adaeweun 252
MMEERUNON £8 8 = et eco a oak 248, 249 RCL ee Oe 8 niet anak 256
Pe 1 2 ES Se ae ee ee ea 248 RURURLIL Boe cP kee ato ae bee in ok Sete 265
BSTMTET TIA Ie aes 2 eS aid ox sana dee 249 | SUUCONCOMUS MOION, 22-8 uc sos. see eee 53
RMN tee Hem aisle cin oo de pions Swe nire 258 SUDDUIS = -<240 22 246, 250, 257, 259, 259, 261, 264
EPIPROLR TUS eco ae os aig os cos awe cue ee 250, 255, 261 STLDVCLORU Be ree Stes Oy oe en eet 258
BUMIMCIMINS ooo 6c oo) io co ee ae oe 261 SUITUOLGDNOIURG aoe eae oe sa me re
MEIENORGD TN bese. Sows vain Paces be wuw ne 250 BYIMMEGHCHS =. 8. oss es Ss echoes 251, 257, 259
MIME PSNI Soe Saye eS eo e cee ain wae 251 SRONL Ibn se ee es on et s.-:- 250

(0 2A LE TRCTE 2) 60 pg a ae 250 ETE RerOe e Se eee ee een RON ae 249
Ch ETL VTW WTS SS tee 251, 259 | WUD ENGWIATUS)s no. eas ee ae 261, 263
OO a nett fe a ee ee 258 | ICUS eee ee ee ne ee ene owe 259
OO A a eee 255 | UaNmete > LoS ee 251
PEPRDONU UD er tee cre: svc tee 2 soa ee ania 253 | EMEC MELO UISere eo emo nae os ey 259
Due NIN Oe ee 251 NOOO ATO NI 2 rs a ee 260
elongatus........ See ae mek al sioetee oe 202g | RCOSMIONISCUSis foe kare aoe ee oe ote a weak 246
PROPNEMICUS ...cocas accesses ess 251, 252, 258 OE OMOETSES = oe at te re So 279
LSC, Ce ae ae ee er ee Ode OIA CCR face atta cent ace ese etec ce taas SRIOt, Mae
THMIMGMUIGIIN 3 oo = Soa se oe odo aww aoe 255, 259 DECOlLO TS eer ad ee ae SY
[STEVE RRR a ee 253 GALTDRCH 2c oe ones oe Oe os bee Ae Ske 17s
MDT ULUS-LUMDALUS ~ . . 2 2 as ccc eees ones 253 COUIORUD ee ee ne ome Sees a 99
VEST. COCO TO ES plist SPS le a 256 (oUF t OMY Sete ee CE ea ee, 99
BMETTEUILORUED i cia cisieiciare lain Be oo oS ciiwSnea's 254 OT COMMUUR Bes cat Soe Banta ae os on ae 99
OMT) ECTS TIL ey Se RS eS Ee ee eee 255 WUT Ie a oa hates Sees 99
RESCUS) ce a ous = SO ORS ee te 261, 263 TOLER TE RM a ae, oe sete Ae rate cen eee 99
EUS a Et gel oe 252, | Craspedodiscus ......-2.2-...-.-.=.- 240, 264, 272
Eh SEE Ee ae 252 CHSCIDOGUISCUS: = uae. eos eae as 264, 265
OMITAOENSIS! 5 0.0\'5 sas aoe nackte 252 PONLBU NG ee nc eee cc ce kane ek eee se 243
PEEP ROROUUS cob ata cians siden eae «<< 250, 251, 252 DULONOOTACUS iio ea oe Oe Gah torsades oa ee 265
MORAINE (oes tS 5 oe avn cae SESS = 258 ODIONQUS: oe Secs wees coe Bae oe = oe coon = cieakiee 264
MUP MNTEIMES ot Sates cS as 3 Stig So od ewe wc 252 IDIPOLGICULL asa oes Le Sawa oe aes 265
MPMERTLOREIG) 20,6 2 cha, coe we ace ee 253, 259 BEGIN) Peace eevee ee lias aso, oh Pen wa 242
LEG TAS Se ae eee erm 258, 254 | Graticula ehrenbergit ...-.....-....-----2.--- 342
NO So Hara So cen Satie oa a Werne imps 253 | Crepidocarpus cubensis. ...........--.---+--- 460
NUON LCN a5 ons ow tin cn o'e's s nance ecmacns BEN GO PERBIUCUEG = eaten. Oo) alot 8 oe ose e ce en 244, 245
WATSINAtUS: <3. 22. 246, 247, 253, 253, 254, 258 LOLIL AL! LI Oe a SRE EE ee 245
TINE 6 alti sao wt 6 a'win'h ec imag pr 254 SU MIID rda aa clan iw ma koa os wale SGA 245
ELEY OLIUUS mic aS anim bes seamen 254 UD eye 8 Oe ee ee Se Ate I eee 245
NTMI So Caw cen ne capa pak oh mac atG asta Doh BPA fe el AL a a ee eR es 245
PEUERUNNONING ioe sie ca ae wk ew Se ao mnie sagiasask, 200 1) ic |: tall st ig a en 244
MRI ieee fs cs SSE vo ere nila See es PAU AS POURS a5 ane pesca a cing dn wad ae ee ae ani 136, 170
ERPACEL UN Fee ese eis chs havc aac can ne cman ia pee TCR eee. 8a RE UG We cone oak oe 171
I ee eco, cite nak ten fiacn outed 254 SRT ee Sse call RES 172
Tel NE (es Sa Ree eae, eee 255 DIAN ON tes 5 sehcincs Coe Dies Valet os 172
PU UT RSE he ape eee ga ae eae 255, 258 EP BRS ean oy dk coe he ds ween te 172
normanni........... ee tee ee ee 255, 259 DEMON ne ee Bee Soe ack wane dese 171
WEEP REINURONES ss ete oi team aid ai Siw sls wn x Oh 255, 259 NADIA Nee Se moe, Sa cae owe dvs atnwe Nh an 171
ER a ioditt an citcadteancivenavesn SOG NE, eee dt ab we muna ope « Gigtnns 170
HOPS «. 0002 2ceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 206 | Clenopsis...-.2.2+-2220+-+-+-- Sneed ccedasenes 4

516 INDEX, ¢
Ctenopsis—Continued. Page. Cyperus—Continued. Page. ‘
PONS. ..2cccsakactancanchbeccraud Seat 4 | Clogantulus........00..000s00sseusseneben,
Querneclle. <caccucceccsecsueure cual scacees. Lael elliottianus ...............- «coven dangane a r
CadaNMlS 6 iccicevioccdcuccecdanaedue teu 5 | esculewitws........Jisaeee o conbeenhe ee
Cyclotella ................---++--240 ,241, 265, 267 | — fasciculatus............. ooscccseabeneneat ainnn nn
GMD GEG sin cis codsasdscadssdyubenenueiee 266 JU so cvéncsddeccidcctaseaae ooocgeubangn EE ‘J
GUONNGE 5 csvcuccccaccasdanuthvareanaenewe 266 JSerrugincus ....... ovceuntenh + cevewscusee 461
dallasiona °c Oo oe, ee Z 266 flabelliformis............ occccasescpuacn 448 >
POG o'in's Sacucc suns sdipacebeeadeaien - 29 hortensle ....cii.s0.cteaeee ocdqseeeets aan
veglihd, <i, c.ccccestn acces .. 265 PAVORCENE «oo ccc ncecacunde dle PE 2
Pe ee ae ee nS a Noe 266 flavomariscus peduncularis.....cccccseee 458 P
sttleit <<<osccen Se 265 DS) ee ap awasgthb ccas ee
ety lORUN .ocncn ound Sobkcsc aban eoeneees 266 | | ne eee pt ee
tramaylVenlie® <6. ccc ccunwdecsvedemiente 265 Pee actescusee> Sie
MINOEIORES 5 inate acess Ppp et ae 239 RONG fn 6s cca isassnraxkseeee ca beeasenr aan
Copnainslaard...0's scone cn nnt an cue cocuan ees 382, 384 OSPR 4.656. 5-5ceclecedas tee asveven ae
GNGUEG «6.6 < dicen coi tuandedeedcatesosaes 383 ROBINS 2 6 ois nnsadasssdeeneeee <oec case” en
apiculate (.o..52 a adeusent i edaatiewene 383 humboldtianus ........2+..c0-+200- e's pa
CMDS oc chdenevacdnnahennver abe eeawens 383 humilis. 2.2 ....5<..0ss0uenee ossedesess, —n
Adborebea slit ccsccua adtcaeceteee icvat ae intricato-ramosus ..........+... asvevesdas aan
VROMDECG : Fac cd dees eee notes 383 Bs a) igus aes ee
NODINS. Sse dcz seed sch cede see eee 383 NACtUE .. bos ck cndndeodecdanaee sobs eee ee
ale ds Ses Casddacce kate ete ee S82 obtusifiorus .....<ccesceseuee ae A
Cymatosira..... igh Naima naka ey ante eee 317 lagunettO.........+++22222- seen wocepene | am
Gymbehasciwcuneets ccsessscd6e 265, 333, 371, 373, 377 Ligelaris ... <n sino wie uses Cae oso 0k ee
Ghee vices fasancsicdee cache Le erereee 373 longifoliue i232 6..7 2.564555 Pape -- 449
Gdletle 33. iS igi lee 372 lasulae t,o. ..c0s sti sdaneeeeee -.-. 449
chrenbergtl #0352565 dtch sa eee 372 macrolepis - ..........5-+<ase ss --. 40
giana 36 evi seddcdacdaeimtacee eee 373 MOAREMAC. 064 5-505 cn cndandan eee s-52a ee
EOMRESCRUMCGE 5.655 ipa dane foes cee etaee 372 melanostachyus ..... yoda ee eee = Seema - 416 PE:
Janeebinlia. os ccc c des Sede tec aeonee 337, 373 oS) ee 459
a) ee ay oe se, Pe SOE Sica 372 MONOSLAChYUS . ... 222 eee eeeeeee «= cace Ge eae
whnentomlerom =< 2252 5. 5 .ekas dn see ens 350 ree aoa. See
Sanelda's 22.5252. 7.ece ccd eee 378 MUAUS odes cadnc scan ed sddnew eee 5¢ ae
CCRT GSS woe revi ek en oa oe 371 OCHTACEUS . . 2.22... scnes onan keene 450
COPING <a ones <back, see eee 135, 151 OGOTALUR .. oo 21.22. ve nono ane een Oe , 454
Be i ee Eerste yey Bs = 133, 151 Ofer SANUS . .. .- 22250050 <0 054 446
CWA on 2S etter taco a tae se 443, 447 PECEUS. 0005 ans an's cap ves saeeeee oteteed. ae
eleniphorus:. ..... 128. 325 8. seal eet 448 piltters «Song cada. coance ses ceeeeeeee wt! @ SBE
etieralioline ¢ <3 <242-0322 725 .2-aneweanee 448 polycephalus ...... :..s<ssacseeannee sabe ee
AIAG Fs alas neue decees tin ee ee 450 prolix0s ....2.. ...<..-+:ss0eneeeeee 450
GONE: Srnec 5 8d cones cane Scant enoekak 450 PLOPINQuis . 26... -- 6 fs0- en sen eee - AMG
Co ner <a ney eae me aise) 448 peeudosphacelatus....-.-+..-an-aneeeee 453
aptiuldiaes..,.< 3s. seals ice te ee ree 452 FACIALS .. ..4.5ca Wak eae eee ini 450
Orgran o.oo dan Sooke dee 446 randucii....... od asp aeee sos stan
erTIGUIAtos’ <5 2c. vai cc eee ee ee ee 450 tenuis... 62 s2sencanese= cee 453
OGFUMINAGRONE oS cco eee as ee 461 rotundus . 2.06 5 525.5. was ae atu) ee
CeperP NGS. a iss. copnse eens eee 452 SALUTOLUS «22 os = sone deena se -ae ee 453.
PT gt, a ee ee gt? Le 448, 450 seslerioiGe@s ; ... «<< s<.<.iecs=ass ue i 2.
brevirddiagug. <2 56052 Searels eee 453 BCLACEUB 60.052 endo cas ibe ceweuns Cee 456
qumnpesiets,... 5. frcss as dh recone pegs eee 450 1) a 449
Pe ET parcel Spear ES Py rs 448 SOTOIGUS'. -.3 <0 soon too dans woe ok eee 4i9
CONICUSRRNS s 5 ons sibs chau pau vnet eee a» 453 spectabilis coarctatus ........2.-+.0s-ees0 452
CRUOTRTINO oc ood 2 cee ae 449 sphacelatus ... <1 ..«.0csacns)udneanee 449
Ctanidbntie «2: 2, <iia630i5si ee 447 SEIIGOBUS <5 ooo 2 hones sone . 458
OOMAIICRNR «0 nk onc nds che cdaele Ge ee 449 eurinamenals «<i. «. .i.<éakee eee 449, 450
cortifelbetin. 405d-. cect gaxe tina deen 452 tenerrimus «.;.....<<.~.-s.6sseneeee 448, 450
CUNO a cic ndbns 14 bhs see danas ahdeyeeee 448 thyretflords.- 1s ..2+5<3nsincnde eee - =
CyMmbagorad, «- 6 cisinnéetcaatidatesmaaee 44s foluccensi® qos <2 on sccavanesacseeae ee - 449
Glamdrue capliatuaes sx .0s cnt nev Sadenab 446 tondusianus .....62:.sssces teeeeeeee 446
GIMOGOS 5 os cis' dane doe ike x ade ekee eee 449 fonds 24 ncéec cnn s tndea <p voces’
CaCtEIROPUE oS ons cna asisia en ane eee 453 LONULS«.- soos ten = 5 yeas 453,
et rey rer ey ee 450 Meme ais. s ised iene eee oscnseh)
| ee ee 452 Onelnatiy s «2: sdisesseoeeedaane .--. 448, 450
Garand iio 2idpiagnhes dpucdie daaees 445 variegatus..... eee on v's Slane
SONGS. as. ns cadngnddsncnaaaee A WORGUG sik dideddesdedsats cQelee ee
chrenberGlanus . ..220ssceaccaccncs tebiae 4B CUOGOUS nc danndas snare (sheaetinhee ovauee Tan
CLARO 65 coe deck aes oecuadeutecnmienwehes, tee WAWTAE 000s ccndcs cévencatnctassacetenee 2
“
_
ey -*

INDEX. 517
Page. Page
an rags dewey ev bwervncownicbs $377 | Deanea—Continued.
ets cng ace a ence ~cavensewes 377 DUTHMIOD vescentsdcncwdeks ee 128
eine ceonynencons ovenadae 377 EE Sk Gootbanies: dunk awend canst 8
DeeRIEI SORMILINOTUS... . ..- 20-20-02 secscesee= 179 Ns ae een cldde nk andbeeaae ame 129
ER iain anon wind a cave sereudree dees te BEE eo ccaa «We ad ana cn shen dbvabnnle ved 269
ee cst wnanenaendecens AR: ) SROMNCCUI in iis ad 4 «nxn one bawaereswaeins 298, 304
OS a ee 192 MERE at oka sks. n bg ante oaaenne’ 299
Ne Ce bat stdtnacecscs Jaca cnn 193 IU ns Det ey a bbs await 307
EG ee en ka dcacceseskecvcs~ca- 100, 178 NEP OCMEE a oop Bets sven a nolan See mtee a Gee ae 300
EE daun 2 cece cuss bac ep----. => 106 ee ie) i. a a ae ee oe. 306
NE EI ele a ee 106 BRE OIE oe oe ae ok Mabe ie ee 305, 311
Sa es ee ere 105 Ca eg <a ae ae er ae Ror =, ae ae 300
citriodora..... - 3 8 ee eee ae TDS) (DORTICOIG 2.54. cceoteccecec-s 318, 325, 378, 382
CE ere eer eee 105 ie Le. ee ey ae 319
0 a SRE ee eer 105 TN oe te ee tone a ae Sea 319
SA eee sy dM ge 2 a ee eB eG ae ae 148
ee eta iar xis wn x wo exe fans ou - ROR ie RII oe ee is ad in 3 eng ie 135, 148
Se eee ee 105 EG hs eye oy aan ean ey 5 eee 14s
MINES en anes op nica kann now ane 104 ot ee Ee ene ae ey 14s
BROMICL e c.< .2-s = >= -'s - = - see TGS: |) DESHIANTO MATING «2. 2s on Se tno a 149
a ool oe roo oe nwa 105 BAG Pe a A ee nee en 148
OSs a eee Smeg YT By rd sce g ae ee a oe PaO 3
a or, et 2 I 103 | CT LMS SRR) SS SS ea nS os ee geen oe 3
ACT eo ee TOS VO ECSINIDETEia = oe 2 he eke occ ore becet Se 137, 185
ON ee ae eee 107 SSC EONS oer oe eis oa we cae neers 134, 187
NOMEN D Rete ae is Carin es x alma 104 MIDPOINT ee eke we ee woe eee 189
SEEN PA ipl Set Se eee 106 ESM eee eS ae 134, 188
NR Tos oe we oa a wis ee 105 RETIN fotos be bests Souk oe 188
ESOT eS SS oy eae 106 SUPRISE seen = Sn So ea 188
0 eee 104 GMNNIO Os oo ks teres Soe Iss
CC 104 TOWUStUS = 2555" ee eee eS 18S
oO ee a ee eee 105 RIAL PINE. cio oo bees tie aes oo Sonim 189
6 LO SE 104 jaViN| 22 UN D8 1 AR 25S A ea 134, 187
0 eee 106 aE Pe AS Ae ey ea 134, 190
OO NS EE 2 a a Oe aS 104 ROL DIB 2 Ae es a ceca ae 191
EE Se ea ae I He ee 104 RR ee ie clean ae dos 190
yh eee 106 STATPECUUW ELD clea ee he ms 134, 189
OT 0 SE ESE So eae, eter 104, 106 PIYPRISUILOENIIIL, Fee ee Se ea Iso
MEE et A) ns oe Seca Saw em 105 TLL URONEM mer ee ee oe os tn ea 190
PL Oa ly tal eS aa a ee 106 RETRO TEANE Ses. Seta er fo eee eka 134, 187
O00 OPTS fei SRS S25) Sate ale teeee e 105 WU GUILOTIRSTUNNY Oo ek Se 2 Doe eure is9
CAUCUS Ae ES ee ee TOAST SPatGiser o-oo sean eae 312,318, 319
RETA eo oe i ca oe Ae a 104 TC to) || |S a Sa 322
0 07 a LS ee 105 hs 11 Yj eo EE ee: SEEN 299
a Se ale a A ee ee eam 3 DIG PRAGIUNE <2. cee ns wee bes 307
NE tee Fete seca oa Se cnc tlc c mes ow 3,19 ECT 1 1! || Nee Sa ee ge eae eR a ee me ee PR 320
DERMIS ret et ea on Se ges he =e 87,89 ald TTT | See 2 el Og net ee ie pena 312
MDESIEOMI = Se Sse oo Se s9 WOSGNIOSG ora ct eran: ta Ie cee one 299
ES RS AR a ere ee $9 | Diatomella ....-..-..- Re. a aa cae Rae 319
ae 90 | -Diatoms, literature ............. Sides aeons 226-228
ULES 2 22 ee ee S9 methods of separation and prepara-
eee ee a 85 MR eh forest one noe on donmane anes oe 221-223
LS 6 | a et a aS ee 90, 91 MOMIENCIAGUTES [... cance aceccast--2s-~. 227=229
PMIIAOPV ONIN ©. oe vie = = oe eet ome S9 reasons for investigating ......... 224-226, 229
PEANIISPOAMIIN. | 2 So. nwo yee acenatnaen ee s9 yield of the Albatross voyages ....... 223-224
NOS fot | Ss a a PRES ee Ne BRT EUNR or en n Waiw enc a ewe Se baweee 316
TN RO a ec om mA ie ee onl a Ge 88 eke 2 att Baa cae ee eee eee 317
NIN IE ow ls wi o's She oped od i eNO NONI ona cow nc a anc deat aneucvacts 443, 461
TRIG... 5. pariipitata hts ale web dealer 90 PE he Rn te 58 SS deona anda wae 461
CON pans top Se RSE elie oh Se Pee 89 yD RS ER ae ee a ee 46
PRCA OUWIAGUM: .- F< cobs i5-d~ sevens 85, 86, 89 BC SE a 404
SEEREEIIIED anit ao 5 no Sous aay we nnb ast ue 89 hehe i ha eS 461
texanum ......... Be ST eee ee So EE eas dae ow sods dwdeu< nena 462
ea a ly Se PN ae a a 89 SORE OI sre erie ck aie cna sy nee 462
Dasylirium hartwegianum..........-.-.----- 91 IE sel cr, cues Sb Sittin a ag da «ale onl _ 461
; SOE RS a eee a a 128 OSE SE see ee ee 461
oe EE se 128 PENNE 8 oh eka n wand esas Seaxkveneeane 462
,. MAM a dat pacer sek ft s<ns ox 128 I Fee cc ache och cecucacms 464
4

° “te 7

518 INDEX. ;

Page. | Page.
DUNE oi cckncccodceccussnttcedhaanssuyeat $33,368 Dolicholus—Continued.

WANG, onc nvudetnsadsececunsarnctess ian ~ 986,986 | . Deinglel ............ucens re
SINGING, «5 roccvtoesvacnscucuscoesen 288 | CORBIS 06a. secccsusdnceneee eee ae
Diiieats POE < cncciccccesconcedecwonguiles 454 VREMRG. 6c. oncccdccschendeane ~=cealichs oe Se
Diotgdohe Mate oicc sine cee cocccetnncedemes ee --e- 140,219
Distwateele 5. cacccknteutaphvve ecunescaeucede 334 Jablah. 53.osncacscccsscscueun eeeceeee 188,290
DUCE ceninnad Hue scdavcusccbendshnssent a Pe vocncasape nn
REDOING S asd. pannnauuesstuevenuhaneen 24H eg PP a
Dimeregramma ................-...- 325, 327, 378 WOCED « cnccnccsepsckauae ocvceseeuuse aan
PPI; anus ei bodeatetes base cerenee S87 | Doryphora ......000cc<ccssecaeueeen Sn teeta a
SRNGEOOR 5 iis nc codatlas des ectancn neuter 327. Dragon's blood, American........ daseucsacn. ame
DOE & a cote tandncdip vcancuentethncceael 139,209 | Drepanocarpus ..................- «-eee-- 188, 198
OGRE. simu ceve ceducdlsstusbussnb ase 209 REO OG 00d secu ce pee a newnee cocosecdves:, can
Dibbicchhd MOONE ove cine cos Kewsysnkengheouee 47 | DrymoOglossum 2. oss0sssespesneeen xu dvathee sue
PIGMENT ign cendab ddhiaonecasdaseeen 29 heterophyllum ...........-.... cwedeusae Jane
SOE a ike yu dunce stncanvaexcseueee 462 |. Drymnonactes .... cccuvcseccscneunun éoiputene 4
DOE 6 ois ncs d cane ekdadabapituns’s ks tated 481 | Dryomenis plantaginea...............- aoe cn aC
ORIOUNOEE, ccccccheunchannvecbssuhale 497,508 | Dryopteris falciculata................%..... 498
RLUMOOTIS 3:5 Scicoreue kab ten No pam ae 488, 488 johnstoni ... ........2..s5= seen 498, 499
CUOCRIIIN . oo cc ue cscs <owcncumten tales 488 latiuscula........<...sesspeeenee -.. 498, 499
DONE fio ian nck ch aduls wnksehuddeeneisedes 333 oligophylla........ ee .. 489
audonis omaruenste ....«.<.ccnewsccteseass 336 POLEDS . 0.060 ances oe bane oe cee 459
DOMMES «bcd oe wk ob xa oe pe ln Coun cen eka 338 pyramidata .....cssiensccusumee 489, 498, 499
CIO Se alts Sek case cocks than enneetake 340 Tadicans .....:0ceccacs etal 490, 491, 492
DOING 66 citations bake wskwendtas 341 refracta 2.0... ...3.00.2.0s5eeuee - 498
CINE ace <0 nce pb cusdtmaeeatwasas 343 TOPLANE 2.220 ccceccceasudnsceeneee ane
Rea antec ge Ae Sp see a8 Se aT 344 BEIT. 06 2.2 Soe es os oes oe oe -- 489
Pe ee ee ee ee eae ae Sa ee 346 Berrujata.. . 22... -<02-0ss-s5ssheeee 491, 492
WOE, < dai: ws co skp ance ad teenenaeakoe 344 Sloane . ... .. 0. 5..><s0=>4555hneeeeen - 489
SELPNCONE ook oa sec eee pe oe ee 348 tetragona... ..-....5..6.6ss0 eee - 489
MOORING |S civic oc cdnwact hin dann evcenans 349 WARE 0 is 60025 jet ane dnvanet sone
SOUR oo oes ico sche abeek wat Secs $54 | Dulee.......51...00.sscsdesennn gee a
pT OT: EES SaaS, ape Be eset SO Gn ae 857 |}. Dulichium. ...........5-..-2>ssss0eeee 4438, 460
subcincta.......-. ss cmeRE Ao acdaehendase 7 arundinaceum............-.<sussenee .. 461
COGN ao ransesnvederiosow Aon ake Waid 358 SPQLRACEUM «2 on ae van onsen tae <omne Se
DCIUIOE Joateten nic acncaken abs shedtaGkere 265,267 | Durandia..... ....62.<00-s550-0550eeeee etn) aan
CONTI Boo 6 cnx cocuskpxe nent ecw oeen eee 266 macrophyllas . .. <cuwss-censnaeeeee ensae” en
STRONSIS os 5 sae dba e tren eee ee 266 | Echeandia paniculata.................. Pe:
GEUITEMORIINE iis oo oxen ee eee heen eee 239 TOMEKA oon casa ens ces heen oe 93
CNNCGIR ics Hhdbini cpa odes sand ree 297 | Echinella «......-...<<-s<ndene sapere joc, oe
TGGDROMGE. 5 5 code We cna ea tenian eae pete 319 moniligera .......---. wanaovcee Gene otter pee
IGEN BRICK or coin ens cata nhs ieee 42 | Echinocactus flavescens................ eee es ee
PUBTMOMIDRMS «nso Sd eae Os en 4 grandis... cisnec=vcsssshosneteneeee -- 586
CRM GINS iis oc) Fc de ee ee ee 4 rUsON 6 eos oc cn cccnssaeens eee 84, 126
NUPUTOS a5.- £5 3 eda ee ee ae ee 4 TOPOS... inncen sv dows doe see 83, 84, 126
SOINTOLEES «oc kcniue vonndeeenapen sk aes 4 OTDAtUS . ..<- -« 6cos can omens an een 84
SUDUNIGUUTE 6 ne seein sno Keown eee 4 pllosus pringlei ......-.2<<2.<<.aseeeee 127
DUIUID « asin os ere tai atkehiodi<tandiee ices See pringlel ..........5..c8s=se00s eee 2
ee Ee ee 297 | PODUStUS . .... . 2.225.255 esas soe 83
SOE isi ni cken debs askvn shin 8c an eee 297 | turbiniformis. .......... .«.0.5 «neue ot
DRC PIOUN < conitieup aden pen cexcuepts aeaeeee 289, 296 VISNAQB «5. ooo we odes sou ans 7oetee ee 126
WOOGUONS ko china desunsvcus aoe he eedeaeeee 297 | Elaphoglossum arancosum............... -- 6500
GRIPE ORTUND Gis ain cle sgh cede nd aiek aa 297 palmeri. 25.0. --4%....0J55 ene « oe
EN Gan nccstanl tid ba chsu dived’ ae cele tae tA eee 297 petiolatum ..:........+.....c0sseenneee 500
TOCA iano cna Wea week ae ed 297 TeCHWM 2.55 0 she - 5b 5s 2a ee 500
CIMA ois weds Sen enc aee sk pea b eee 297 | Elaphrium aloerylon .........--..22+esss00 sep Qe
DHMCHOING 2... tavnascbh anus aeeoetes see 100, 211 OOM OF oo nde D0 Se etn co vac ee 2) Tale
RRAETIORRGS cic owas inkssciee ls cedaeeeen 101 erry esta: Mae
CUCKMA VOCE dich gh is nu oes cede en waned 101 CRCHOUME .. «<2 os nbn oda oan on owe 119
i sere ey: eee ey 101 SAQOTONMES «2500-28 a cee ene nae
HonGurengls «2 oes abacndkas wns dees 101 P| a caged (me
LONMCTACETOGUS occ cc nav cennnceecnanweda 101 — RindseaneM «6.20.02 svcssceceskneee «ae
MBCEOCATPOS a iicainciasadeacbuahetd eeigee 101 — GOUUMORGG 6 ono si nn9scasmensas ee cocoge "am
WIA ooo 5 nk5ete dncka tee ae keene 100,101 a Se 3s neyeneeee
NOGMONL .....- annnidcs deawneuseweuenneaens 101 LARUGIMOCUME «<0 on cncacssarnccweneen —s
HICTOPUNCALUB..« v0. vasavctanstiekeens 101 CUM DIEUR 50 ce di vospapevn cccccccesecne 22h
PEOCRLORIOS 2 6. sccussucvandnugusenh ote 101 penicillatum ....... nonce ccessascns seu

INDEX. 519

Page. Page

Elaphrium—Continued. SE ean aenuvcodes yeas chvs capes coup 283
TROTOUUM ..... 2 cccenee cuneataraek tas Mart) SOMME caster acewianseyucccdsssubaae 318, 371, 377
SS a ee 443, 454 RN ee tee ee eee aos oa da albe a sion 377
SO aS 5 a ar a ae aie 456 LOD aa ata ae bo ale otis wal ae ae Dee Gade 377
NE Pugin duidusde 4s as <4 3 ows sd wae we 455 PME ace scan ds ssodjusshwhedndeas 377
CLO ht aide Hees 456 GRIN CDENDLLS Axon eci-wias oa des y ce wadae tone 377
ECR eS can Son ko ain w'afuiea ao 457 PUMA ee a een eee whe ae be oan 377
SRR Ee et oe on an poe vee ven saadun 456 COROT, ot. oe Seat. sb Al we ee ee 377
CS Ee 457 MOU gis iil ix Dein Sons Cane woe 377
EMIRSAN Cee. co og uces <2 ake «een id | a a eT ee ee ee a ye 316
Le a Es 456 TR Pine ee Sa Doe seg oa ae a 317
PT ee ced a og Walcee Hanae cane 457 OR ONTTOMMONEG, «oc Sd ob odes Ronan nwa wee 316
|, Je ee ee a 455 GP TOES earg eG ok shee whet Pawn gaiceepe 317
an SS ee Oe ee 456 Wee tee Ls ain a’sn eek sce owes 317
ap eet aE a re ee 455 EON. iG livin pacha etgcnasckesene 317
(O21 TLS eta 465 | Eupleuria .......... ee ey Semen, yay. |
CN ee tna Warr deta Py pnmakn cas 457 SOCUTUILY Sock oe econ web aeons eos . 82s
DIE EE won atc cc elccs memes =anmee 456 | ALLO E TE 5s © 5 Oe oes a aR aE re ee 324
SS bs a eS SG ISNA sin we nb Sy a enh owe 260, 277, 278, 282
OE ST a SO a, See ee 455 TG) PR I eae ae A ee ee oe eee 277

OF AEG) 2 ie ge SI af ge 455 TALEO Se ee le, es Senate al gmt ee 281
UIA MILS. CONUGUUS. ..- 22 2-2 ete nee 456 OONCOMEN Sees mies enone tan Ore 306
CEM e eae ins ne ek papa nw cow 456 COMMILULALUS fe abode oct ee sien sep. 249
OOO IS I ae 371 “iy Mh los YR ag ac a a ee a ge 261
ee 246 eavenirinia. hs. coe. ke 251
os 2 ah Ae ee 249 WIV CG ONLONUS Been oh wera eee 263
OL a ee 249 SRE PUNCHING oon oe oes san Sewee em tone 262
Ne kaa nak ote idee is= 2 sem 135, 150 UO MIUOS icone 6 co aude Suse eae 249, 250
CLT ELIN GI eee Se a 150 JOLA ASI eae 2 RRR) ea ch be Ae re 263
ULE Da eee 289 hae ey fo Rey aaa See eee eee eee 281
I tne on re ec nae 368 ENTE shag Sica ata irons eee 263
(sy Se OS lia ee $23, 324 FU Sets nee Banana sock ae ens 263
INE ee Re ee a Aans 323 WORM ERS Sta oa He Rae wa anes abe 264
EL ae ca Ie oe ee ee Sie OLE, HODTICHE cases coe Coe Se ee ee eee 19]
DETOUR MAR rele Inn oe = So we a ese S24} “Had yerin fadyents .- aos on. os on ene cn nsdn ose 454
CUE EG 324 PIGOTT ies pene Ok Sete ns oe 484
Ephippiorrynchium polycephalum.....--...- 463 MOTOUIEN Genet oe ess tne eis Soe ae ec ass 482, 484
MOPMEIINL Pe dinks ea tals ge ae doc seen e ses Bilt | LET eLCU LOUIRCONSESL aa. 2 stn See ol oe teiate mee 128
Eee eee ees CFs eG EM So ne ak oe sans oS ddan Aas 6
LOTT ghee Sa a ne 377 RUCEDo ae ee es hero. a wee 6
Oo A ee pe eee ere 378 (LEDWAL SM, 2y 5 peg i a Se ns eS ae 6
TES EE 1 a a OTOL | MENCU CHearetr. oc. oo so enienew aocateendenne 1,8
ok cc sey a chance 37 RE 1 7 ile a Ae a ee 41
TRO te esa ose oe esac wes ke 378 LC QUUDIIC OLE ns, a ay Sie eae See ae 44
WIMMER Re cree oad oc wks Sw Ske amen 377 GOTOSIIUEO on are Pio dase se Eee ot 41
SUS ge Se a Se ee eee 378 UURIOR eee 2A ta ee ee ok ee ee 6,7, 31
VOTE 1 ADU) SESE Ee ee See ee 378 BUNT LUC OR es SS oe tS Pe Se 36, 38
HiryrieTEn) BAUAINITANOL ... <2 o4.s.2cene cna cac- 129 GINOTECINO a 5. Ooo. ened aimee hunen se
PCRS ARTT I 5. otc < sin Sana omae mn eee tw ots 130 CEILGLIRY RERNROe @ ogee ae See ee ae ate aie ie 2, 20
ADEN Cok AE ce See ee oe eee ee 129, 130 ASTI OVATE Machen a es oe ee po eg 27
SUCRE Sos Salt 8 a ae 129, 130 SEEN AERC 1a: ARR = al Se, eC a a 46
PERO SOOT 5 = 0c =o. Sessa aincee se asvcoss< 130 0 TS SRR at eee ee 41
ELON EU Cr oy0) O11 7 i a reer 130 GEENA tw Sor a= ko ce puta. see etee en ceNe 23
LN AE AS] OE a ae Pe ear 130 BRIS aa, duoc cas 2ock aww Sank veucee 32

ete a aS es 130 DATISN eee eee er ke) Keene 33
PML MANNA oe as ne acide andeataeacene 139, 202 RAT AR CITIOL NEE a Co ete oo oak pir Entice as 29
IO IGION So... 5. ce ats a xasaasdnmst 203 CEP IAIENOOONE bso 8s de awed atwencecnn 34
BETO Foe Fe oc fats ow date he ato 203 BONEN UR et ek eee 38

Ris eee or ere eee 202 hn Dea, (Gee ae eR OR RP So 27
POP LCRY Sw alwin w~ on baw we ispme eee a's 133, 208 Te Ok OM 3 Sr cel es- EO ee 23
PIE cS eens eos uh ales Wawa hoes 194 ae Pere re 23
ES ee a mene 142 MiCg Man Mee cete. Gin at acai wctads kes 41
SRCEMNUTIND So os a's ind pps inden ane 486 PO ALT, EE, Gel Bele ae oe age oF Oe 42
SR iriw iid Sri wt sgt ae aayiciead runs 486 REICTOTMMINE den oe nin Se dun cen aa nls 27
IME Ete Pea are Coie nk cae Pace 125 ROME aCe CEs ono cn wn enada dens et es 27,42
PGI UM ee ge ol cow uices 83, 126 rorepres atone ct ken den 3,4, 18
GAMING an See eras ck Rat an ce pated en wn 246 PIRI TURINE taal Uwe clea tk ak uie's & Hav tee es 32

520 INDEX.

Festuca—Continnued, Page. | Festuca—Continued. Page.
CRONE kn cdcddddacinvddiddaduuahaade 32 microstachys ........... cccccccnte ug ht AEDEO
COTNAES «ch iccna vuws ccccouveucenvabinaa 27 PS er Pa PS 187
ONTO NIANG wininncin wu ees hake chunsecnveke - «2 mirabilis ... .<cicss-ccccsesane ov ekewe | Sa
COPPOTHEOR. ine cccocccucesaswentevekus 4 WOORGMANG . 00k cnc ccccccdaee ovtnonn’: ee
ORDEEOE so duvic csc cdg unenddasves sububines 2 meuslbicuimels. . oo... cacccccccenun a aetenn 44
WAGE - Ook Ha vneece ncn vounesnsu nl eeeeeuan 4 ee Fe 22,42
clandestina ........... shea pene aah uae 42 meralts <... .osscaccaeunnae ani poe
OOM 6 iow dcevanducexsddsduuty oneal 7,40 ee I 2,3, 4,7, 16,43

SANE. occcaeuccsecesveeeeeden eee 41 | in caep se
COR POBR cao cig dai sw cnavedeetddtdcacmdtnene 13 REOGULG eae n'a va aan neu cavceene Fhe yh 42
Crtshahs occ ccucctcceyoues cusbhsanseenern 2 RETWOSE 6 oa cccccesccdgvanstae nee dnsai-. ee
GagvOiaGs, ..cacdadevecebuucutascasenian 7,37 | i Sutin anno ee
Socmbias de <b Fcc devas tcadaene eee 2,42 johnsoni ..........0ce0ssseeeee |
Gelawer bes... ou. ocga sven séueyecngebarhes 4) WAJOP «2 once see cnns ons een -. 82,35
GORTCUIOlG\ = canuonnssiuchaucdaauone ene 36 pabetris . oo. scene geen nasasebve a" 34
Geutrintive trae. «xi <cexsscteschuanss 8 Cg abs Ae
GRGIG,. ca cdc cuss subaueb ensue etare 42 NUMALIANG...02 oo nn cnanenscas sch eee 42
YA SMD ye See oa Ss hat 42 ODGUBR . 0. oc once ncunt aes see ie |
distichophylla ...... asuiehubus seu Gn weite 42 Oblustflora. .....- ..+00+5+ahehenee eee 42,48
DipTIGTIONE | cc ciign Cavincuen s auentaueed 5 occidentalis .........: 200s «ene ee pal
GTS a vicatin onde tins pax te aeeee 23 octofiora . ....<.+<s s0ss nena 6,7, 11,42
CT a Re a rn Pig pe 2,27 Gristulala .. ....-0....sesenpene il
CIN an tds a bie oda haweeie ts 23 hirtella.. ..........555.5550eneenee 12,43
COBTWODURE: oa ic Jasna cu Wek ete 16 OTATED . w2 ons anne sc ncoush 26 ah een - 23
economic importance .........--- “a Ae 6 OTEGONG, «2.0 cc anes cuscck= cas cnet 21
PAB ORS ci catinuecseacceute anes 2,3,6,7, 33 OTQYAILS.. ... cee ccnasuses .-s005 eee 47
a ees ape iy 7,34 OVING 2.02 000t->nscndenscen eee 1, 2,6, 7, 25
praintt.c. 2... 2, akan eee tabeeee 6,7 arizonica .....-..<.--.ss0seeeee 6, 29, 43
C688 oc Aas ee Ol oes ait dees 37 bordertl ....... . <= +..50600une ne 20
eure ot eats cae 38 brachyphylla.......<.. coeseeeee ca, Pea
eriolepis ........ Be es} ae BEN ee 13 brevifolia.... <1. +...<«s 05 eee 27
PRC OTT. Soar gsc ake? is eaeeneea 42,45 calligera ..............<sseeneee 27
FORTE TAG » scinticVistes ae eats ose ee ee 42 capillata..........+--.555seeeeee 27
OOS od acid tem eecan ain eee tee 2, 3,42 columbiana ...<.-../2-+sassleneeeee 28
SOMMMEARG = siieinnns Sic ch api kda teed 48 duriuscula ...........:.s5acseeeee 20, 27
fratercula............-.. SJ, Jt enee 39.46 elliptics.q..../..accuaees aoe eee 43
PIPRNIOS ¢ oo ota a caeee as eee ees 2,3,4,38 giaucescens =. .......-. .4:.auee eee 22
0 ES a i A Lee ieneesenata 41 hispiduia ....: <5. ..-.--<5eeeeee 26
pinvicescens si6 os st eos eee ee ee 22 ingraia; sé... : Sie 6, 20, 28
glaucescens..........---------- a ee 22 OTEGONG......» 2 s- nas encase 2 oe
DTOCHERIG 2 5 Son se ee a ee 11 polyphylla .......«-<0=<s55=4eneee 24
gracillima........ ee St Wes aaa 30 psammophila ...... ...<..<4.seeee 30
gradi hare, os ie oo 5 Saag en ee 42, 46 pseudovina .......-.+.. . sheen 27
i) | oe Ge eee Rope REE Sete eae 14 sciaphila .......53-s2.s0s ase 26
ely. ooo ak oe en eas me ee 7,31 suleata.........5=.2.du» seunn een 28
hephacstophile 3522. Ve .cueeareenese 43 supina........25 --s.045=5 ene 27
History of genus 25.55 co es oe 1,4 trachyphylla ....:. «-<st.<sdesneeeee 20
NOWGUI ooo ie eo oe es See 30 vaginata-: .. .. 9.2522 é0anno nee isk 30
Ud GAGERSSE Pic ooo Soke oe ene ee 28 Valesiate. .. 0: 5.+352t ces ose 28
SMemebretigges joo st concent oo ascseaeenees 7 vivipara......./..+>s>,.==<esnneeee 21,26
JORRMOU oa c's cance da eee ae 35 VUlgaris .. 2.0200 denne scneen eee p25)
SORE ds sig adactiun.stoviokenae ee 7, 24,39 DOCHGR, ous cnnicis osm os an due 7, 12,438
CON OTUE oo i 0 ok. s en at Nee Ree 38 POTUAOTS 2050 6 -- saa ne cans snes eee 11
bern ts Ur tlSORUe 5 c's «xpi 2p ae tagtease 32 paucifiorsa. .... .»<-...++.<si=sceuuneee 24
ee gL Re ree ners aie bipe ee 41 pectinella ....«...+-:-s-.<sesssseeenneee 4
Ree oon Sita eho ts ante nadie s Aas 7,41 | pendulénd.. . 2. .a<0. vaveaceseuneeee 48
Ri aaIS 6 saan take inktvethecdades 23 DT ee 48
aD, | ee a eae aA Sp TARE A 3 POGLOIEES «.. 6 02s a5 va w sone s cnn nueeeeee 83
LRU IROO « én isla irc Lobe ed tines tae ee 23 GINETICARG, . s.-< 5 o<s cou es aeeaeeee o3
Mebane os cs xin ca vi nie 6b 6 ee 43 Polysachya, . 2... s-anane saseeeeee 42
WVIGB onc secncsscnsces ete cauy, ee PTYOLENEIS <2 2-30 o's ene anne ae 6,33
IGSGOED: unaccbides véasigeded nade Seuseiaee 3 PLOCEIG « o.oo nsncacedscl tus aie eee 47
PALTOMGRYG aw nwds cdc sunnunacndbaenie 42 PTOCUMDBENS . .. .. . 250 2sce eases nde 42
SBMS a caccks open tear bauenaeaeeeee 2,4 POMPE... os. cee se eceeeveer eee A
MeealAre <5... <ssvddevsnetcc de dueneaae 17,43 pseudoduriuscula ...........--..22.+00- 41
MEXCONG is dddncdedesdctedadsaeeen ete 45,48 eS ye we ouccea ween 23

INDEX. 521

Festuca—Continued. Page.
WIMUL ON carcass ences cccveceansnceseaves 42
EGS ps acne rrwen sept peaccassiwens ll
I Sop bis ons dncsvoncesnaviem 19,19
TNs sic no di bc oath ade ws 2 éh'y Anes 15
CNRS 25) wikdcaceraaceraseadwenes 23
PTI cet ade aac Cmcws Sav uinceksichs 1,7, 29
Net Ee ops Woe cee dan's cine eR ORS 42
EE ea ek oli G ap ioc sce pos 45
OY She ene eaeeree 1,2, 6,7, 20

REG ore oR sive J ors) ear 23
ee eee eee ee 2%
MIERIBO TH tee, | or csey oan Cees ewe 29
NINE Fo eo x 20 aie ss tana ee 21
0 ga ee ee eee 20
EMRAINS sit Pew fae ao inte o'er 5 ooh 7,22
0 Ee ee 22,43
EL Se a a 21
SPR SIIMG forth Ai ip aio. 2 a2 visas = 24
PERE DP IIANO 2 osc oc cdis ms ae vena es 23, 41
PP INOSS, ~ 2 co oo. ae cee ns noes 23
AE Se alle as eg 22
Ce ts ea en 24
PRPURIMOIUS cusp sccer ewes c- sme ase 21
MPO EOT Ds c's sacks wie, wenn «Se ohn 22
PRR IT 0 eos tate oo nia ams ou oe 45
PNR es na ste pes Scie Sn 21, 26
ENS arty gia cin x tigi dos en ho 22
CUNEO T= a OE ee 23
eS Sv ae Se eee 23
TUNES Ta ee oe eae eee epee 23
OL ne, ae 20
OUT ae ee 23
SSP ERREIE ey Conon in = noe sin = = a amie 48
SMILED Oh octet an owe sini s owe 7,31
a Boyt) aE ee Sa, See ee aa)
DE SE ee 29
CO SS ee ee ea 26
DIELS 3, 7,19
Ser. eee See ae © bocce eee 11
i TT Le pein sa ee ae 7,39
DAI ik OS, 2a Se eee 42
Lo TELL AGG) acaba lle pg 2 oe eee eee 7, 24,39
UR eee es 36
DATES oes on an SEs, Oe a ee 27
BUILD MODIALOOL 22 a See oo ewe ew wae 34
MP ae ee aa oe aw ee ec tin oP HI
COT A SS a ESS Sa eae eee 11
ee SE! Sa lie 5 TE ea eee ee 27
DIRE re tets oie whe sore oe ahs I shin oa Siw en 35, 41
RRPEE IE Tes Se oh Say oS om be Sa foe 3:
OL ee he eee 44
SOMMERS a), on a nie cae aS ute Be cee 42
CN MINTRR ER ae a ee oh ae eo oa ot oe 42
BUMOIETRLONY Sao 6s «2b awe caer alee bene 4
Oa ee eee 3
ol OE) aaa a ee a oe 42
LU lls ES Se ee Se ie 29
Wo ce a eee Bis)
EE ee 41
PR Ee Sie ie wat ha BG oo eie pee 23
EET MIRIE PR ees Ot 8 Rains os Pe On eae ee 42,48
OTC TIL See GR 9 I eT en a ger 6,7, 30
EE Pen ia 2 wine we ne ba eed oe a Oe 26
watsont ..... SRE AE RS SE ep eres ee 41
willdenowiana....... wi sa acc a innate. ou A

MEIOOR Geinclacwdcudeee ibis pric Nelemvatieal pied pom 3

0 SE ee ow ate ee aad 3

Festucaria—Continued. Page.
SOT niacin fa wie ma cw ener eecnas 3
OBA OPINCWY Coke re ocenpes ccaienceured 443,457
UMN Eres pak coe pon ions pape eae 459
PNT aol oben civ ore he eae pein = mad 4 455
COTTE Gee oe = pn Diane wx pot pa dnd halen oe 158
CINE Se eatin < see se nnindes <<a ee em 458
CEES Sos awa yb soot me vin nae lew ne 455
Rte on sce cae Pec edowe eb aee odes ny aded 158
UL, Si ea ie ae hee 2 455
TOLOSUNOU GE © oui o oe oe 5 yankee Ciba evans L58
PRO LECOLIAUOLS ain o'r ons bh vba tiene sna he 158
WORINOTINIA filo wg Conse sSceaensacnsecuns = 158
Deal ete. Cee. ated Spee honk ooged fos

BI KCR ED SNE tea nip eis iad eg Ss ae 458
Ut, Mee te ees pn in Se me gee 156
COWEN G20 Cg (Giga pe ed a a 143
Folia cassiae herpetica..........-......-..-- 160
ESLER re eco erred ie Seren g ie wie oon Bae 159
Fouquieria campanulata................... 85
CMMI ee EN eter uwe ceed askeltts M4
LERVRIEC Ch co Ryn Se Ay ae me ey Bea re aS 85
BICC Mee ete 2 eee cts octane 85
ICDS UG INS eee chs ao ance awl om beets 85
RDINGSH ets ese aw an ae Seles ceatee'e 54
LOB CONTE ieee sn ia E a ttie eee bias smi ee am 319
RIG CO ete aaa ait ee San chal oui soe 320
ROU AAESCIUALE TO ees oe Sie nin oe ole Sa en 320
Rrustutie .-..2. : 333, 334, 359, 362, 371, 373, 377, 382
CUBIS sore oe nee pean Sa 341
LE ue SEY eae nee aR ee) ee ee 346
NTO rete aie ree Se ee ee ai 348
QUIMGUCDUNCHIOG 26 Fo So. soe nace n= as se 382, 385
THOTLUOQUGES pmo ia wete wee See oe ae ..-. 360
BHUIMULO as woe soe aor as ae 361

CON FIG a oe ean oe oe Sa ep ances wae see she 361
PMLEP Gn oes segs es oe ee see Os en ee 359

Ret DOU te Arne etn sen a Me ake gees 361
LQ: DIT 2) 0: Sea en en ee ft tte 445, 460
WIM DOL Mit seek Soe ns oe eee eels 460
PET Cee TTS neo ie le ee A pe ae 236
AGERE Renee ee et ee on ee ean 139, 206
UIUC OTIEAS Fae. ohare le con wie a em i 102
OIG HSUOGIOS ee 8 Sen noe oe yea wen 3 ~ 102

FIT 6k i a A a ee seep ym Rt Se 8 207
(elobec10) 01) na) ee as ee ees 207
PUUICCNNIS » ee Pe orate ae ee 207
CRU an aie oo Se Ge Oo a eh Re te 102
NARRATE hom 102
WIE Pets 5 he Sno hn earn ae 0 102
striata ...... 7 Age Ua et Ce 208
RELLOVIAD Ge ode eo oe ee ee ae 208

POIMOD TOSS a 52a sae sewn s nce lene 208
VILE SRE Re ie Pes An ok Se we 102
REO a Persie cs oe Dowie ees me 236
HE LO i Se a ee ee 236
WETITTITIRNOR LOT oe inn Ck Sees ccd de mae 236
Ph tee os ee On ea am ore eam 235

Pe Cero a teenporn ota wn eek Seay 240
Ce tS ge SR Sa i RE A a a 240

Cp REN wey Shae en ee win ei ee ae a 239
PPC ee ttn 2s eese allie ws mash eS win wi 239
SUM AINAO ares fos Saree ns da dtcns beeuie 240
De GIR TERS re to Ea as oS ke «nee 6 Seda wee $4, 126
IEE «La Liath ada buaes i si Sdeneuan de i $23, 324
MUMBO EDIE We dititeds oo Oia wicte ee oeideh kn’ 324
CREME Ee nae es nw oa akc are bean 324
meurvala ........ eat Kaka nek kak one 324

522 ; INDEX.
Gephyria—Continued. Page. | Gyrosigma—Continued. Page.
WMI, 5a wee hasdcdentcnsnbkeccavueteber 324 intermedium ............... ocous Sanna
Gesniiitina bellwwe 2. ..scccsccdcndendscucvect 108 latum ...... jodagencnutnuaee cond eipauaet hee
leet. ccc ciscduca thanenstensateleneee 108 BMOERG ..cceasacaie ona ocsecdpepacsh =m
BOROAGL. o5 csavdovdesustecnadsadtuaelener 109 normanif .........0c.desde0euneen jaedes >
eobieGeeOMn «o.oo dedacscchsescevbbadeed 108 Tile 5 i cccs ccedecnenae accvccace. COU, ane
CROMER oon Sn ccd snes descr ssshan one 137,176 WAI. 2... nsdcascanet sopeRe occadecusces SE
SOGUIM oc ice tes dctcanasccandubeacetatee 176 SPOClOSUM. ...5.5.2.sacscaceeann ccecuscus ae
DIGGUIEED Sic cctcecuncccacculusanas¥s 176 thuringicum ...i:.ssccaseenee asvesses cae
Geer Eh. viccacdocn dccunacusdeseeshauneee es 5 | Haematoxylum.............. vised eoess. 100, 00e
Glipcine preter iG acc. ocis cnscexdtapuewecues 101 campecheanum.............. ere!
Gryphon... ocskkcabcacdevssueBeaste« 825, S27 | Halong... ..0.0-520sccadeuabeeren scuspep stele
Gono hs ones cdves caduaveduccvsssecessaur 370 | Bleemar tess... .. <2 <cchesccenbe Pett.
havea; . 5.55.5. a seneecewateesd eaters 370 undenartas .. sw. ic.cceeacusen os coos uaa
PIONEER cn ccc oeacxsvmine cacdenusseeeree 370 CICENANIUS ; 6 isda cu cdod oane aa ieee ee 270
Gomphends a ..cccdecdssdavekys sectdpestpaee S70 | Fantsechla..o nn Jc wccccccecndusen cet es lee
GORENG 0 Soicasgsansdeukeleges extn 370,571 amphioxys ...........000006sennaeeeenee
capitatum herculaneum...........++.+++- 370 | Hediondilla .........0cnscesceanee ccccascese 16
gracile naviculoides ..........-..sese00e: $87 | Hegetechweilera ... s...<.<.ccacenunen non ae oe
RSTOUIGRMUN 250. a eke batt cause ce eas a 370 | Heleocharis albivaginata .......... ak teaatene 455
IGMIOOOMM dando h< lasted Sacdseuehees 378, 373 | Cabyptrata. . <5 .....+0cs casas deeeeee vee ae
phmmmetlin to... coecocde asec duchat cones 370 costaricensts. ........0<:asssseeneeeeeeee 457
WMA 202. ea adudcens oweveceee temas 370 | CMargGinaha ..o<ccaccccestaeaeen PS eg 457
DAVICHIOMIOE oo Sesscesecassenwasdetecuts 337 | pltitert .. . 2.2... sccccesscenehaeee 455
CRONIN on ale dt tile eee case edt eee 370 | purpureo-vaginala .....ccsassenneeeneen 457
a RD pee ne Pe Pale 370 | TOURLONG «2. ic. coca uacccdasn nue 457
Goniophlebium ampliatum ............--.- 492 flora... . fi ss Jacdasasnaneeee as > 456
Goniopteris pyramidata ..............++++-+- 489 | Hellopelia......-.....6s00005ss5enneene 269
PUNO sae oec ona ccams dean gh eaknobusetays 490 | Hellerit.......scc0i gues <vee eee cocwhomenan 5
Gontothectums oo i ot scsse3 ne dean ewes 285, 286, 316 HVIdG «oo c0cceesnas0ewecus sede le 46
CUMNITNE ovis sa caccndensduccdsdvs ues ap save 817 | Hemiaulus .....2.......s-.<s0e0eee 289, $12, 315
QAONIAIL 2. cdurecucittace deen cadre cae ee 288 | antarctted, ..<. i. h-sss<s4-0neuaneeee apices te
GORRE onic ccce dn cuidsounesantecencnnuwhueae 149 | pelas(formis ........2-<s0.skeenteeeee cuoe. S18
GOGGIN DOLYORTEA oka. dc Rein dot eus eae 48 | polycistinorum .......-...:ss.ssmeeeeaee 313
GVO AIORES.5 Sic ca dad ewtds doce gsuceess 319 polymorphus ........+2-+5-00000men ene
IED Fi ne dias cn dnc e dadacpatouetees 320 | Hemicarpha subsquarrosa ............+-.---- 460
QUANG Sc op 5 kos bonceadesan aceon. $19 | Hemideoma. ..... 6. i..0.<0255050neeeeeee 148
TRAGICUMS © ui coon ec saceacaccasesddsaeete 820 | Hemidictyum ......:...:....ccsdeeeneeee 482
PORWO. c ns canrictarnvennnescerscaueee $19 | Hemidiscus.................-.0snsieeneeneee 316
ROUMEE ion 0 die v cewotninwge busataneereaee 319 cuneliformis...i......::6: seasEa eee 316,317
WIRGTIODUY 6 ond out pcdnetasnanuaholereeee 320 hardmanianus.........<s«ssesseneeneeee 316
MIUPISED, occ. Shics we ckses ue nae t vee eee 320 TOCtUS «2. 225565000 ueves ees san heen 317
SERSIG, 5 pas tcceke eae eet ste tae meee 320 Ventricosus .....5..0.scsu=s eee o. ta ee
QMQUE coca indccenktesetes vars Nees $20 .|- Hemiptychus ............s.:sessme eee 247, 266
MECICANG 22 cs so see ee eee es es 320 ehrenbergii....-5. 5. ..0....ss0neenenee 267
pnanmien 3, 6 iéa22234i.55cc2. eee eeeee eens 320 INGICUS .....- <5 /010205006 usa 267
OVAIMCOME, 2 5t55 of ids cin cee ced ee aneeas 320 | OIMAtuUS . . ....ss.c0ces0ness sheen eeneeeee 267
CUNVOIEA 3 ioisnces a cnkds dansnkidusdenake $20, S21 | Hercotheca ...... .2c..csoni eva=s st deneneee 285
MIOUR és ads Cadecawcacctuencadede 320, 319,321 | Hesperochloa, subgenus.............--...0- 10, 40
Car euees £6 foc boven ans cccaeyaeus 820.| Heterostephania ........202<5:0scsnneeaeeeee 246
pabeliesria. 22-0 ore reo aaacneee askance $20 | Himantidium .....:..05</t0,--06p eee 371
OR tOE sos sis as cei eee 319 | Hoffmanseggia arida................. <cun hae
Graphephorum arundinaceum............. 42 QTOCHAE 6 oon cnendhnnonwns st eee ounn 98
festiGECetiM 520. ceeds ds< ose deen cee 42 stricta, .J<.<0as¢ess-cnesne me eae A 98
COU. 8 otk, ods ch anonestccakenases eee 378 watson. . .cedscck: caucuses ones eee 98
I, bani g sdb anne ns dingnnabareeceeeuee 997 | Holodictyum .. .3.2..5stsscsa<caenn seen ee
I Gas oes peas wisengs indansekesmaeoubee ee 141 ANOKA . .. 5 weet e es ake 482,508
OGMBIIS Sg oi os noe cuccoucee nd pancbab onees ieee 141 ghiesbreghtll « - .c..s<ctsaneneeneen aseces SS
GQOBVE fe csknansdcedaccadneteaaales ase neers 141 |) HyGlodisens <. 22s. cccssesee-ke 237, 240, 241, 260, 264
NIA 6 fon sas se ahaapaden taste naan 284 Jranklint. 2... 62:3 .200teesseenmeee 2 ts
COAG Canc ccc ccb ted ase sceayehaesdkeme 284 MOACUOIUES ... 00 50kness=ssapuss5eeee 242
CYMOMITIG os iis nasct cgdodanacaatdhns cain 362, 363 SMG 6 £0025 sckcceas dudes tse --. 242, 262
SCUIMATGU Faas oo che 5 bak.<0 ase vasicune 363 | ee eee 241, 243
pbatiarlh ss «a ssciccctpadcaédddnsaasaadene 363 | Hydrocotyle gp... ...4..<0- ccssncuunueeeeee 131
INC ci innabdcpnctepabbhanavaneaeeeeaneee S68 | Hydroeera 2 .......-026scccneccssasaeteeee 289, 314
Sona.) . cSéntahecebneseak enacben 364, 366 DOTYONG. cas saccscncadactsyesyaese eae -- 815
MPISSIIS . 52. <a an bhasecsannavenecan 364 COMPVOIGG «in cicdoscacpacensnpadeee <scace e
hippocampa ........... nosbausstotouben 362 MOAUTIIANG ..ccccccecers nhecsaaae sacngun, Se

INDEX. 523
Hydrosera—Continued. Page. | Isthmia—Continued. Page.
BMT bbe dno wa cvecnnecesesecv cess 314 | MERIMIDONN i ae cis paes o savin aden wae ose 299
PEMMONIOIN ore uv ous av ts- 08s ancneseensse= Pa Chr Rs law Wumtkwarnaw ser 4 312
0 a ea ee Pee SOR i es eI eo ac ouniatninde cede pins a2aua-5en6 246
Hypericum brevistylum.......--.....------ RR TEIOVELLN teks hd ces ook i asmew nado oee 86
(OY ST a ee ener Nels te iiec a gic dnaddescconsdiphadwaws 133, 194
NN EENESS Ee ead Ya scald tn Sie nmin oa = ee Re OCI oa: fn Sas enlace a de cakes wader oom 2
MMICMIIVEIE «an vac ccnee deewnssoncwessede bs) eoryearnus GinnOras. «<< <5--+<-----sac-=s 42
Nt oo wayne n= a nana enae RU eo vn gras pu sewn we oe ead 136, 163
RRTRINERIETETE 0 on cave dee wsopawduenane 125 ST eRe ee Ie ea 107
Hypolepis pedata........--...-----++++-+++-: 485 EO oe Seo e aie cata he xe ome ete 108
ee ere ree 444,470 DAMON sciatic nwivedgeasneneackede 108
Nt ie hentia ia Ws wt = oe eng oe 52% 471 RSP UNE re cae uy uns wan oe tb ep 107
amplum variety....--..---- EE An 3 be 470 | aE ICR es tad op in ie co Ee 107
SS ee ee 467 | ER EEITRE RN oly 58 hai a bc aa we fos ee 107
0 DD Sg EE ee ee 470 — oRNICIEI I Done es Sic cat wees 108
OCI «on wo non ceeds cccedeenont<= 471 Ty 1th Oe pean ay pa mane ae ae Se eae ey age 108
RIE Eon ic apie oni ose mn a 470 ROTOR or cnt. sue een eaawiee es 108
A ee ere 133 GE nT: peels: hs ahaa aaa se i Oe Heine aad 163
Poaiworers .......-.---- ee ee a ee 136, 172 Mineeolnin. 2.2... 2c 13 4 dacepe ane == 107, 108
RI eg. as wines wen bia ead deen 17: Ener MED oe af apt e sae R S eee et 108
Oe (py SS eee See 133, 172 BVA WU ed Nine os ns eee cera x 107, 108
Ce ee een 134, 140 NOMMOSIBEUNLL «2 62 3. oo bw wes wc ceeee 108
TN el Re Se a 141 UNEP uci ta dite ce tale wae enn 108
OS | eos ee eae ee 153, 140 DANIGI MOEA. 9 ae aroha aay facade eee 108
MRM ee ne ge a win ctw ah aie 3 109 ERATIORIRGIIC ane = oe <6 Sto 5 nS eden wos, 10S
SE ee eee 110 MOU eet Or sa's tas owing on ems 107, 108
NE rr coli oy hw went ney ch 110 BEGIIICIOTR ote oe on ole a Ps to ate 108
NSE es ne reine ee ae oe BA eRe Ae eo not ose e aaa om a-=- S45, 445
2 PEG na ape eee pee ee 110 GORY oor a Ne ee nae ee eee 444
U7 ch Soa ere 110 fas gen WA EO) bbs eee ie pene ere ees ee 444
RUPTURE os Sos. San ein Ome a ayaa as > 110 Ey LO CLL Sy eae eee eS oe A eM er 445
RRNA PRCOINE roo acco ie tae tooo ee 111 NGAP INET | RE Rn ES eRe Se ey eae aie 444
RCE DIRS Roe nS awn laas wan cawee 111 EIRILEEE Pee Ae wee eh een 445
EST TAG) 1G 0) Gites a a RR ae ee oe 111 OAT ETT as RO RRS Ee pee ma ta 444
MERU re aren Ss oe se cap eS ae 110, 111 OTH eee aiden A ne ee 445
EPUD Ne SR eS ee ee eee eee 112 WCEIDVIAIE eee ee ae ee sae oe 444
TUS ee ee eee 112 MIRE Sea on he oa ae 445
0 SOU ae ee ern ene 112 WSOCRIN eye cee Stes one Ge hee 444
ODT DS A 2 ee ee ee 110,112 DOO fore oe se a tomo 444
MENT Sou Ane i aw 2 hain ae ok ae } Seeportecus Millom. ~:~. 2.2 -- - 0-22... 310
EIEN Flot oa aie wal xen aos SEL AP ROE ee ee Oe See ae 284
MIB Nae SS to Pk ee ecko aee 113 | CER CHIC fie A gins sae se eewre se 284
Li UOT LUS Oo 2 ane ee ee nD 113 | Leguminosae, distribution of Porto Rican
LE EET Ung ye, So Sei ee 11% | NONE gibi oie a nc te aa ae Seer 133
ELE ae eee ee 113 | Leguminosae, economic species in Porto
OUST BOG hea ee eee 114 SS 1 OME yee ee Be ee in a eee 133
SRMEPEMORE ew. Coe. kat was cee ee 114 | Leguminosae, species endemic in Porto
jo TEL ee ee 114 RCW tees ares a = 5 ae ee wea cha 133
NIE Can carci in8 adhesin ein dads te STi oT i a at ee ne Ree Se 269
Rinne Ree ee So Sc eee tee ep 284) | Seepeechioe Gavia... 2.5. ¢ : 0. <2. sda ce da 42,48
Os, ee eee 114,131 el | a oe a i ee 42,48
Ne ont ous ow ues e ua Gawo ms 115 | WARN St AS re Fn ee, 42
0! AE ee Seer rem 115 ON ON tee en Oe Bt ale oe eee 42.48
MROUM a fatist gas 6 on bens. wee ma ph gp eo eg 284
I EMTUMNONET Soo a3 oe en eine an Ait EE a a oi ii ie Cora rand Oo eg wan een 146
ES Jam a entre hak aduwe Sapte eS Eo ee ae 199, 146
EES. Sarees Fab x waninle'a ak nim ted 459 oT fs ee ee eee ee 146
C0 OE ee See ere = ee ee eee aay 4
OUTS) Se Se rere aes 460 aR ie Oreo wa a ot ee 4
INE eh fords © pliant wd Shp w nee asad 459 | Limnochloa calyptrata .............--....+.-. 457
ID ME Fein 5 cobs xd ae Sane aun 460 | IMME oe in i Satay, Downe tw aces 457
ene 2 le a ean pe aes Sire 460 | OTC Ne SOs IE IE in gees OO a eas tA 455
REF hts 250 ab Se wea and 459 | Ne ES SER DO eee 457
6s os ded oad cn ecw dadabunk Gb awe ene) PARIALED GEVICINGUE | 2 ain ce nldeecamesvecsntus 117
AME Sa ttn se ion addons aa Sa a 312 RIND Ca Sahni ka acne sa adc s sees res 117
PM hha inWiade icevend<uwaduag 312, 312 NN 6 th ie cia cat kn wi rid aewies wens 117

524 : INDEX.
age. Page.
Lithostylidium hirtum..............++e-000+ 3S9 Melosira..... 231, 236, 240, 241, 247, 249, 266, 284, 317
EQ WOOE ican vows vecacdesvdsuceetlteeerael 133, 164 | OOTODaSIA.. 53s cn aus Se: éondancnensann ee
LoReen POTIONS «cone os vcckduguceeeedeuames 3 | GrIDTOOR ‘5.55 ose ered re
Lomatium dasycarpum.................+++- 13 feblgeril .....:.i-svbin 300 cout sch aan
EONS cc dccudsduae dudcadeakatdeededsunee M7 SOECE, Vudse cute nntedee 2 062 sone w ain
LaOmChoOnr PUR é snc tap nbchoncihun sw uaabale 139, 14 STARRING . . 0000-200 0.50000508 een
domingonels .. 3.5.0, c= vas skeadetentuene 195 Do ee cavesuah ee
slenpifotlem oc. cain son dadt~taekaad .- 133, 195 hormoidés .....\..c<cceelttame ee
datifoliGs . os cc aicadap es denushvtene meuees 196 imperfecta, .........5capeetee ecscccuceo ae
Var hiecvndcckivsaett-sid 1G Cee 4 mmeulala: |. ..<<év.s.0e Je baae ovecudeea baal
gentediala. .....tudecsiccokstthac erat 4 | MATER. onc ccdcsccuvsuanan eee ee
SNCTORGIG <.. 5 cc cBovetn sus sst seaue deb oom 4 | MOGUSR 46 cic wes town arene Soe ll
Vgeehes oan eu SSEk a tak Cho oak een 4 mormantd.... ac. savccesdecuen as ava h bn eyhle
etacea, .. cc cc cue cutee cna eenes cee 4 OGORNICH . .cxces [ct eee les occas vdeves eeuene Ra
Lotoxalis angustifolia -.. 3. oo. unneaee er 115 OCUNUE. cov ons wowods oc otueeeeee Pe eee
DeriasiGiert = ios oe cous «cs asc cee ee 116,117 DOUBTS oi wine c ewe nce cces cava vedanta ae
CIGHORGIAD, 5.66 occ oon chavs wiv oskid cpadenad 115 puncligera ....:.scccnceeeegnee db od paca yee
fabGiculaee oci en nccck se codes theses cans 115 saturnalia .. 2. cc... seuee steep won vowsee alia
WiabraSh \ oo. 6 Si. =. ea ee 115 SROD0G oa acd cceetbout a iaSae ood chm aan ee
Gnd = fans gu acenates (04a 4 cae eee 115 GO). sc navcdiccknaeeeeee » on daniélen oa At a
pemtets on. oi onssavccsevvesa states 116 polaris... . 2. t0ss0s0e ween os an aves ae
DENIOEICIIGS 55k 5 xine s Sh roy a eee 116 SUDOMNetAs, .. j.00.000 ose eee opsncbentsem, *E
CRRANGOAR on ney cay lcucn sees «o> Waataee 116 SULCRLS 6 ons vee > esnandeaiee » s0uhpg dh eeeeneeen
YODRtQUICUMEE VS oc aseccesenceck ten a 116 SCOPOE..... 2 cc cesacenesespamee --- 239
Lasulg racemose ............6---ses¢eenvaes 467 undulate ic... seccscaaweunen ows vee andes nee
Lyprolepis denudate ... ....-. + .2seccesacensse 445 i) owe oa! ‘eae
EI ONAEE 5 ina BS 6 cc eens ok 00) cee ee 236 westil. . -.3.9\.c2¥-saces eee vodsaed + aia ae
Macrolomia bractcata ........--..<.-.e0---e 467 | Meridion: ....¢2.5ccuscuuaeeum eee « osehia/ defuse
Mamillaria angularis....................:.<- S38 | Mesasterias. .< 2650: ice deuce seu ee at, #208
Clava 6 ort sie Re eee oe ee M4 Obyast . ..o- enade's Son oe te doe ow adubere ee
MeO ss. + 9225055 5kee eens eek ae 444,471 | Micropodtucus...-.<.....-<ss-ssessmae eu deca eegeee
MYCNOGEDUAIS |; osu bouwacwee. ae 471 OLiveTiGHs ......<sseeceawuee epee. >
BEPVRUED ois. bss db caeehsocu sue 471 | Micropyrum ...2....52..32ces0eeee a Dutaddel 3
Maryrtiovicon -<. <- 6eode0s vues eee 323 tenelltun:... 3% cee == 40 ee eb eee 3
COMBEE. 5 sce ra cere nl Cec ee 824 | Mimosa «....2.<.0<--ecs-s50cenneee -. 135,147
Marta--Amtonta. >. . ...Seccack «ocx ee ee 170 ceratonia . . 3. ...<.....+ -s0an Pepe Mi
ee) ee eine AR y Mie 143,451 pudics 6.0 unh semen eee -aseekaaale 134,147
dierititorns 22... 7 seus ys ee noeaes Re 453 | Mitrospora polyphylla .........--2+ecee-eenee 463
Mudlor-« ic2 ngedcusen dass aaeeueee 453 | Molleria corniuta .... .... «.s-ssss55een eee -. 284
ehrenberrigihis’, «oo .0.cc 2 hac tees 452:.| Monogramma’.). 3c... <.s.-ssexue seen ree 327
JOP Se oak ccd deat est ote 454 | Morir-vivir ..... 2... 0.....000sesns meee . cae
Sabelliformigec...i5..tecses a eee 453 Cimarron .. 5....6.. 200. ss0eeeun eee - 144
DACRE... 2. -ceWndenc Bae nee a eee 451-4. Morivrel.. sco. ucscesce ce paeueae és - eee eas * See
Sncdninil. cu. >., cance Seton tet ee 452,458 | Morongia ......... <2. .--200 5-5 eee eee 146
Pas) |, ne rey mea oe Se: 453 | Mucuna:...s0:..2.. 5.5. 520cunee eee 139, 204
longiradiatus.<2.0ds<-i2kgenstcceo tt iesak 452 altissima .........--s0sce.+s 500
mnAMMMAs . s.c5 cx hp see cee awe dae eeue 452 proricns ..2..:<.-.+-s0+ss0nss =e 205
BPICOIAIUN f52. 5 oan oc Sees eee 452 UPONS .- -- 2. se eee ope ccs scene Sane 205
diverutins $<05 2853 325+ oleae 458 | DMygalurus . 0.00 <2 se. tenes 40 a 3
hartwerisnos: 2.225. foe eee 452 Ctaidatus: 3. sae So dua cee > 3
sutathetl 3. osece odbc ee eeee 452 | Myrospcrmum .....%.... 0... 2.0<se0neee 136, 168
DORMAIUS 6 o:o'0 oo ac idewne on hub eeneeeoeen 44 frutescens .....-.=--2.-+-seseanueee ---. 168
DOCODIANEG i oo nna ota sep he eee 449 | Navicula.......iss ses -yap eee 246, 333,334
i ny eae mere are a ays Fee tue 452 360, 362, 368, 369,370, 371, 373, 377, 378, 382, 384
BRUT AUIS on ip on oe ene wane ee eae 4153 AGONIG <. one occu ce cases eee «acon Bee
sieberianus or eenencnereswaressoescusans 451 Gdr10ticd .. «2 <<. 255 -=5s860 bee «<= AD
(evolution ....--.-.----0ee sere ee ee ees fol aestiVa 2 oo oc uw i .. $34
ROEIEK star gt eon F haan alt Aaa he boty 458 acestuarit . ..-.5.-si-0+++ cons One 363
Mastigueclerta (@NCiG « «os oan ckcccinwcusstsuas 466 .
Wastodiacue): 235 Se eee ¥8] ambigua os seere et? te 2 Ss ee) ee ee <9 342.
MgatoglOln: 520 rseqbs8ansrs sete 334, 357, 368,369 GMOICR sty e acer cs. sree ee 7:
Jommninee ooo hoot cl acted. ee 2369 amphora ....-.-.--+-+2-22+ eee e seen eee - 338
gmithil <3." 222-.032.ca eee 369 ANCEPS. .. 22. eee ee ee ee ene eee we we ees -.. B86
Ma 60 iho ce a ee 150 Ongulata .....26cse.sssseenvese see - 366
ecloratlo...ec -. erates eee 150 antillarum. ...62)-.3+...>s.seee . B36
Megastachya panamensis.................. 48 APIS... 2-2 eee eee e nce cn sone - soos cnseawes 536, 343
MCG COPQCEG oo 00 decdniwn be oonegnce thakaee 42 approzimala ..... occes+---0esepenee -. 346,353
WOE, cag ds visas ca eee eoten aCe ccecvwnas cen BIOUB cb dcunssuesat aout cadena cos na ee
«

INDEX. 525

Navicula—Continued. Page. | Navicula—Continued. Page.
aL canine shaccees pn pie saves = 337 SR RERRE TRB ge oon ig een ep ee 346
Ris aga'daed own sys os. s 333, 337, 338, 358 ORNME Sone ae een aa eae boda Sua dee bed oeuu: 377

eR CREA pSigyeie <> AVE. ct on na one 338 ih) TA, See eine ema OR ane 354
RE ts tae hats pac wu ien «etn 355 DOD Fa ce a get. See oc coon ba Wad wake 340
So depp apnapminn ps can sme 345 ey RE SS ea ee oe fa ee 340
I io cea danas as oneceesaaee 359 Sot aes bac clee nbc es eetu ateek B44

RRR ee a ci wre wap mn ia oa a 398 MSIEMLOLER Yet te Ce no ordre te foie hgcen 377
er aaa cp ee mbems ee ae S44 GIES ee ee ee eek ae te oon ek 340
SIE ds oo phivcvannees'ecatw dene 346 ey tL ne oe oes fein ech lees 344, 344
hens bos ned hams eeimnien ae 384 PSST 0 ba ee Sr ie We EN Be 344
tose he cena ste nge hn =i 344 MUS a5 vole 3 pxbild as Sus hod oleae ae 354
ie eR a 342 CERNE Pere gia tae kas See hoe aa ely 349, 352
Net een acces nan was x ols 369 MON CO Gl 2 oo dc vee Sewers 340, 345, 353, 356
RNIN eS en en nwnems 335 COTO Foe he i a op mi oe 345
ONS eee ee 341 Poverty CS 94 Se Oe Ee Seep eee ere 352
(OL 338,338, 339, 343 DER OME IEA oe he aos sis Pee eee bt Siw alten 348
Oe ee ee eee 339 et) LS, Ss te ee oa 362
Ub ey ee Seen eee 339 PIM BCIISIE nee ho COee skit Bee Bee woe es 344

Ee Sk ee ene ar ere 339 TEMNUEL SUR 8 tos. ee Se a ne oa a ae 354
0 ae GO a ee 347, 356 TET GRE ROE 39° 2. Sw dea oo aba ou 345
ee Pee Pere 345 MIEN CP ioe cial ogee a os swe peas 372
OL gE a ee 345 CE (a ee see's tat 357
0 SS Se ee eee a 345 TPONCEMCOS 6 Cae os ceuine ce ier Seon Se aeer 359
DRIED ne cu coe wo le ace kb we 340 BEVIS Eero ES. ore yw awicow at ee 346
DREN reat 2k. oe for eco e 344 rig QO) 57 1) < Sale ey ee ee See eee
oD ST oe 340 EIROT EERO re a Sines aes Bee a 349
IED oe oe ce ae one 309 OLDE ERIN ee eae eine he pte a ete 353
MRE AIE ee ae eek pos am dome 341 PA eee ee ee ere es im oe a ee 336
SePERETAR PETE Oo Soo Gias wie cle ate’ ein w asin in 338 LE Ven gi 0s 121 at: We eng ee ee ae 346
TU Se ee 341 FEI BTOCRINM AR. S22 or eae pee Jeu abso wade 382
CMRI eee ere a eee aed 347 LONCEQOLD See 2s «ee ee oe oe pee seek 337
(Ses eres FER er ee 343 A th eg ea ee I
JUL S DSi os Se rr 340.341, 358 TAIQOUII Se 8 a we Seo a no ore 354, 359
MOS ere ee er one een Samm 339 LL he pS RIS SS Rag a el > fae PR ey Spe 382
MNIINCR UROL 3 2a a oo 5 x xin how che wis a 361 PIBURTIVCO > ore esc os So pls Sao Se 344
BRUEINCH IM es oho oc a oe ee x 341 RONAN omer ee eee ee 341
ES ee ae 341,342, 368, 369 MRO eee re ts See SANE 353
Eat a a ee ee eee 348 MMBONNI Wot cee kus sca hae Se iste ar 361
Ga 536, 342,351, 357, 358 LOGY ree seis eee eee ne ee ee tees 343
CS ne ee ere ee 357 TPR eee eg oe ee acy haces shane 349
SMITA ES oe oe ol ep eee 340 WINYOLSERIIAE ore sass soo Fa eee = 352
ESTE CET ge ale ea 343 gc: 340, 345, 847, 348, 353, 356
MRM yee ns Pore os nbn chee caw tec ~ 339 MTG 6 soc Se so on See 352
VN a oO a a SEE 304 FIPERSILOHA Th See Ste ee oe ee 308
i ES 347 | SRE cg, ee 2 fue e oat ches aa ste e 348, 357
1 ONE el A ee 358 MANGA OT gr as ce ocnac na eames cots 341
JULI S50 lea): en 344, 354 MECUCTIONCING <5 2s - Geo aser ves asses 344
CL 1 CO ie SE, Ca ee Se 397 MEGOIOPIETE. <2 oo a5 22's wots oe Renee oe. 347
ERR Ree ee 8 ic th. on ey 344 WIAERORCOYIG eo oe & Liss ois baw wees Oe pee oe ae 347
OOO Se ce 350 | SPORTS Psa 8 dee ora se ole 2 ac oe en orca 356

Vit cl, i ns SE eer 396 | TATA DIR ae So cece asp pee ee Seen 359
DORMAM ER Res fol nn oe ek Ac ar nvones 340 multicostata............-.-..---- cee 3410, 341
RP er Ra Se one oo cio ne web akic cine 345 WUUMRIUNER ie on owe eens sae cnc ee wenae 340
RRR RI RN Ree eh oo Gi w v wie witout Se 838, 347 EDI R sean re = es oe cca ees oS ewae 345
EEE Oe eae oon cok sn CER RR 343 TiC 4 et Pee Slee UE es ee iene Sea 354
fluminensis ....... eile i's sh a 343 Mes ee COU oe, oo ivict pas cals 338
MN Soe Paci nn axa nnn Coon whs 343 ng ee Tee Swedes 352
Oo AE EE a ag ge ek 343 RINRERGMIIN Sage = fob S eae oes wae one se ache 348
Sn a $43,357 ES EET ee ae Ee eS 340
AURIS Are ot os oe aa 344 Li Ore See sell at Se Se ee ee 348
AES SE eee et ee 341 | Se eee. Ste Fac, <b capes 349
NR incr tole a ok cline an ok ante dope 351 | CIB TROTIRIS JG. Se ers oe Sons ie on 349
Q te Bi a onic - dna o + ne can he ids rk 335 ERROR ore Grd tah Kec ane eae 336, 357
aS Ey ag a ey aps eT 9 339 RONEN CREM eee dhe od 6 es Gada Soe oak ears 341
ORR Sr hal Gu dy cage sam aeuboenae S44 ANE MOET de tern nk vs El cans 356
a ieee bik opm nim a a en asteiad nal a 357 Ce RE a eee eet 346
45609—OS——2

526 INDEX.
Navicula—Continued. Page. | Navicula—Continued.

PONG. 6 ins oscoccsaccavesnanndves 340, 341, 368 MORSIDOFICG. 6 a. . <5 0isdencuccnasane

DETR... ch eenbsbhaunehathieaeiuenl 837,940 | Netdtam «.ic.c.cccncnccccncveconden a

DOPORMMB. 0 nnkcicksécadaccdanehosaeneeen BS i) Oloudoutams . 2.5.6 .cudesscegeeee oo

phoenicenteron ..............see-seeees 349 | Nephrodium asplenioides ...........

ples ii. cdésdenspctonagetdatntanee 350, 858 deflexum..... oi nieccosccsuteann

PANGS sa cadvvcdescucewa~cuwceesGaaemee 349 a RSS 3

PlOCUTOSRITW 5556 ccegcéduvwasconabes B51 cRACTOph YUM .. ..2.scecge0sdunneene

POM s aiccccnastactetdecbate dadacatseees 340 paueijugum .....-.-......-e0e ie

PORYHEEE ncccucccidddedssceguavusubensen 345 Femractum. 2... ...5issccaseen

POWOLIE seve ndevstcccudddesdad sleeee eee 359 WERIONE Lacs as cnccdudansea Sand

praetexta.......... sipcadduas 345, S49, B52, 353 | serrulatum .........- sees eeeteee

prtellephore «ices. cictasieassaaiscsdceee 344, —-sherringiae............- «+<00saagee

PROGIQA. < 1060 cciveencuvesadeudut nea 352 meerrigahs os sis éaesaceaen <essenseene eee”

PSCUGOGSPETA ... 0. . 2 eee eeenecccceneeneees 338 ne Pe inh abi sesseeeeaeee F

POCUMOGEMMGEG 6 occ casavacasdadseetwace 344 wardii — ba

UAINOTONIS 2 sisi scdadanutavseuehuwenae 342 ‘ '

rete hp Ree ee rey oe 356 4

FONGUS. <5 i< nnananspstanctnseusuaetsuenee 338 PIR. con cheat ae SS

robiculo-1adtahe << scncivecudssa0' cageoaaue 352 ethic (a ee

PROMDOAGES . casi aveunesncaszeasesssee 360, 361 actiuscula......... ie we meee 79

TIMOOG . 02-2 nena cennesecnceeccnagenses 353 adriatica oo iiss<clocaseue a f

PODTIOONIOING os cainw'n nee snctcndcuvevnvinue 3A7 spathulifera ...... oosssecasaneean

Pepe hs ono sn nantaysseaeiebw teens 359 | amphibia .............- = eoreeseeee BU

PARGFI 5 nn sdassnadadcenee=naheeee 345, 3538 anguillula..........- seevsseeecennazenaee |

BOUIbREITHN Jack p oe cunaces cantata ee 354 angustain. .) >. tcekves ee

aohiletn ftedh 5 wiisc si. ccunwots ah untesaeuee 345 bilobata ......... Roles settee ee eeeeeeeeee 879

* schmidtiana...........-..-+---++--++--- 338 brightwellif-.«..52 Saadeat settteeeeeees 38)

BOREAS cok o vein canaavkilne oss aera 338 Clavielll si. 5 y00ckscadade ee oo ata

SOONG oan vc can acuetipssaek eee eeeeeaan 358 Gubla.. i250) Svea sae pa
ee ee er ee 358 epstiot «520i. 24din sands sacesdaseaaal

WO TACAEUIN. 2.0» andicen coauhas seeCe ee! 347 aa EN ey .-leeagenae

Sep ODUNS. 5, oon ode nee wars rans heen 340 frauenfelgel « . ,in5 Sc aneaeaae <annae

tt) ee ee pci yam ie, fo 361 TOBA. «wn. UE eee cee

eiderighles: 2 6<<cccieliantra. teendeomee 341 | habirshowtl ....s4enscosas ieee

RNCGIS 2. 25: 3s cednaanbap teases ee teeee 353, 353 insipnis . <i. <<< ive.5 ue eee 7

BURST, badass cnpancauccuntyse 354,354, 395, 355 MONGINYETNG. 6.0 cn ce<cunie nate ae
LE eRe seme ae 335 nolaDills 2... cscs nee cain es
WRI. os naxectenauebonse dee ee 335, 348 NGtG «<n wad cnc peeteteetaae cane

SOM Sica haavioxking knead ies aoe _ B55 | latiuscula 22\ <5. %a--s teas “Sateen

BPOCLOUR oo <n une stu e guts taevan see 356 MeDetrvantt . sion sp Sane eae

ppcottilta. ee oe ee 344, 856, 356 | » « Rlboralle. Saas inca eae

SPHAcCTOPHOLe <j. 2 5 <0 < ena enone saws es peems 342 MOYO. oo kee Staawannse tee eeeseseeeees

SplONGIGA <...isiesncacanvake Be 343, 356 marginulatas.4:...0s..seene alow

MOTD i ods Sita anhldapncee an edteeetaes B57 8) Pe ha ‘is

abeenta, oo 50 ee ee ees 357 RAFU, co cos scan 350k eek eee on -see eee

mubetnivte's )<.*eccia sb cecueeecs wee 350, 351, 857 notabilis.’. ....15.4 a5sbeaaeeee ee

BUDCHWIEE. 5 oxcssZenenenan tee etee aoa 358 panduriformis.............. aves ae

SUDVEREICONE oo 6 tad dann n= Xe 354 I CODGPIEE. .. =. wis cakoamene soreteeees

gucetacta.. 5... isan ccanhalesiesdseeee 357 PIONS -<~ss.s.-hssarnee eee

RUUCRIE 56. i dn etn dsanudannddnaede aa 344 PUNCAIR: «..5 26 ssc cehe de Reeaee

BUNDCKL 66 603 ccc ansaneastalgupes ot ae 340 BCR DID onc 6st S pi ann ws cneeaie

taschen berger ...22.2.0..02s-4nene cere 346 BSCOISTIB < .uvenve taeee dase

PONG tae ake ate aces bones 337 SIGMA sccneca nese eedese noe eee

WRUUPULQICE, 5 aii ss csan2aayenadd ee tee 366, 367 OnNgUule ¥.2.6- xs ohana

SPOREOOTEG Us ono cscataasncibatiasen eee 348 habirahawtl 2:25 scan TZ. ;

CYS = 55 fad nop iinans tengeadeenteeene 377 latiuscula ........ Pea <staeansune)

CUCREIRED, Sb ds bn deacons nsbeeeeedioeeaee 377 PE OF isis ren nalts a ee iaideieates

IRIS. Sh ciaesi sada tpadenasntcbaenae 358 OMICS 4. ces ebiature seteeeeeees ws

UNGUMAIG « 5 ccivans ob deca kercuwgeents deen 383 WOMGG « ocd-dnaeeetr anne err

MNIPURCIINA «5 0s cadd dane Jann ssehieneee B44 BipmnASGlA .. ».i.4d<<hupehu pace

Vageabunga 5.2 capa che; onspsccus cae 358 SIGMOUGES «5-0 -ans005thenehe=<eee

VERE CODE <6 2d wa eam adage os wt ee 354 OME, fon os a sas ence newnne ce teeeeees :

vidoviohil i;.« 25 ..s22s<2.0.0nss steel 358 spathnilfers: 5:0 nsscsaees «2 eck heh

wire’... - soa than tame st ace 34s, 359 -epectabllts......2.-220-400ees oo

CITIGUEG, .. anc c'ccgabasdacndenane tana 359 ‘tryblionella ...... caphan vale semen

SOTEQUEN, 6 «sings cxahnndenaganeceiaaennn 340 TOHAG... nance» a ee *senccosssanee

INDEX. 527

Page. Page.

IOI oan’ nei ccccnacsncanncssusscseres 378 Ophryoscleria paludosa ............-.20.-0+- 467
cern ddewvessnapansmle ee OR RRR oO ta nie nc auwenieecamened pone 83
EON so aWiidewscaetncesaheuednaun 91 ee ee ee er &3
eee oe Sete ae eck ov aneh wast 91 TDP IGO TE pig oe cles ov ugis aves powebecuaneu 83
ee Ta duane das eeeaabewie 91 WICSAITNIZA. 6. new e donee ee Pe 126
ROMRTIREIRTON ini a a ck wae sekwecesune 91 WRC R UG oor alld ac Sod eno v Sie de ee 83
I etn chek saacdakdnerstaucdens 91 WAIONRU a ota pan nance dept Cc axtccws 83
RIE es Gis own vn ndancvanacdsunavenes ene AORN ae 5 ihn els ie Aida nin's <n nine 58s 136, 168
ener asa asain p cn ving gic Fue 91,92 ata cb Petes ad ceicok pastd dee as 169
NS enn eae ene aan dn ar edu e nn UV RAROONIONE hr ee nine acy tobe eee 325, 368
NN as idin andi caenandackepaevess 92 MIRED, Fd aca cde dxin die eae 332
NE dete wie idiind Wenn awn el aice ees 92 WINS ghd oa de tan dl i ancete cote nee eee
BIACEIONS 5c. 5000-2 none ocsandewes ey Pg ES Re eee errr epee re 236
I ad Landa shad n-aanawae dpe ee 92 CMM ic itd ds Aden oes ness vcaeepecaneees 240
ES ont oy Sa ae nm awinind> ude awad 92 IEEE Soe tai dd ated toads tecae ek ae 249
RR ES Sete wing mm x od akin acy = 92 CT VTC ee Ee pe eee ae eS Ramee e 240
ER nies hi nul Merwin dade pe Su ans et rts ga edan ined dot dada nena leak 109
Eee res te Sha a utakenus os 92 er) ele TLL Fs ined aD age Ss ee a 114
eee ee Seer 92 NPE era niie cu wale unsaid ak 117
RN ha atid a wna anencaecksan dns 92 GENES foo ion do tadees sone os 110, 111, 112, 113
0 NS ee ee eee eer 92 Sg 2S eS Se eee AO Ree 116
ee een ee 92 re, OEE A Ie ee yg Ler 115
oC TT a a, a 267, 289, 290 RC OTISOTING Sit te IS as se cee 110
EIN ot ee ow oie vin win ne ean 293 PETIP PLU Sn oe SBS pe ciyr dain wis 3 110
8 SS ES See eee 384 PUN td Fad cg x oa 111
Nymphaea, Dr. Conard’s monograph ....... 93 Oe ey OLE NSE RON le ae Oe Ree ee te 115
Nee gaia own ia ue eae oa 94 galeotti.......... Sn ied Sink ad ee ee 112
OT. at ES ee ee Se 94 PTET ee ee ae ei Se 112
0 SS ees ae ee o4 Feo, 2) eh a ee eee eee apr 113

RP ERERIN RE ne i oe as cinta at Lae c/s 94 TESSOMOTE © oes 2a? 3 ne ose Seen aca ass a eee 113
0 oe ee ee ee 95 TR on oa cs eg ete Sadan Gomes on 113
ee ee ee 95 fn, et, ee ee a ae, § |
MMEIREEETERL LUT OCLOCLO=.. ~ = = ¢ winan'n'e oe ---on02--- 131 WGA ONIN EE ae ee bee eee eee 116, 117
OLS UIN? -2 eee ee 102 WISE ern. 4k ose Ae osha a oon 112
BMRICERSINS. SS ooo. 5 5 oh eas Se res 102 if RE Re 5 SE eee ee ee 115
0 a 102 MIR ree SALE Cons ot asec tgs. ocak 115
OS a eee eee - 102 MIME S <2 Se ee ood Sw ie oe 116
MERLE 2 oy Gene's sx <nkns- tk - aaoe 102 an te a ete eee Pa ee ee 116

0 ONDE ASS ae a eee ree 102 SOMIFQEOIUE oben ae oan Se eat oe oo asa 114
0 rere rs 103 SAMUS Fe TAL hi woes ee ne 115
0 SS Ee A Sn te 102 RN se nn ei us pean cons aaeen 116
re 298 WINTER Shee 2 58 epee daets 115
Ii ey eae xn ewe isn wn eee 299 NRCUNCROUIESS 5 oe whe ae ew ae Seer A 115
UME oo co ono ewes eka ane POROUS 1 SE MCLEUNIAUS «oa ek oak mc. 5 tae ee Sneek 140, 218
RMCREEIRE ee ee 8 oe oa bao on 308 SRRNPIS Ss Ceucen eee (be Se RL. eo ee 133, 219
CS eae ee 301 IAPEORUS one ok ace chess oust akeuaeea staal 219
0 SR ee 298, 302,302 Painter, J. H., explorer with Doctor Rose.. 79
[OE EN Ea ree ee eee Ld WN Gl 271 (Com Ts la St s,s ae, a ee a, 316
0 a eo DR ee ANNs 8 og Soe cae tonemawecrdaone 150
SS ee rere er OU Cet eas ERT ee he ee ea ek ee 486
OL ee a A ae een ee 308 lanceolatum........- Bee ie ea caer 486
es Fe en eg BAS NE IPTMATIB, © o onc chk secon cence ecnkk ebeo 5
ey ope Se ee os Sk 311 SIENA ESTs ot en Si oe oe 42
Ce ian awnctutWostalse 318 URORER A on ins nen dans ninco 2,42
Sie oe eo eh eg a ee eee 236
Odontodiscus ........- ES Ree a 246 MATING ..--- +2220 ese eee eee eee ee cece eee 240
EES S50, 0 acta aie ark ae tu ae the ae 251 : wie 0 an hago ae a aaa ee 240
SS a eee ons IEMIMINOMMIR oped. Sond ewe anc ond nom Sanne 136, 163
Bee Ss oS a eae 998, | aah etek aca cient asch ein anene 163
* ii . PRIA oe is a cca ws Salas wxdle nena 173
Omphalopelia .......-.-.-+---+++-++0222e00- 269 (SE eT 104
ONES OS Se a Oe eters se ele V4 272 SEES CS Re eee <8 8 106
Omphalotheca tt eee ce etre ewe wee ee ee eens 287 argyrostachys Eee es a a aa 106
fe ae 459 LSS Nae nee, Re an 105
RR TNOES 05 win nn oh non ambos cece 459 ES, Ce Ps rea 106
POTAGOLG ... | ---- ~~ =. 202 we cose esse 459 NN IBNINEL 1 chin nisgcntea~a>s~ <kue 105
een ore Fe 459 RAMONES Dia tt in 2 Se aeprarcte sr oe a pate ow ate 106

rm Vag SO
‘
528 . INDEX.
Page. }
Parosela—-Continued, PONE NE so. 2 pina.<ceeinye ses
CRDRNGUDE 6 cin cdcudsdesccaes ore chunnesen 105 PerOniles 20000 500csseseesonsgs see *
GTIOGGER wc cuiss ducvvosvevnateeessiael -- 104+] Perrya..... ea et cossuecheaatan
CHMOTMANG 005 cise cous susccoacaseaends 105 | Pessopteris.............. oe ccseccecesens
CHAMBER. vucccsceucecevdaccudee cae ceaueee 105 crassifolia ...... osansuseca ean
Gomingenes, oo 5 scscaceeesccapagheumiee 106 | Peucedanum tolucense ...... suuvncoat
NOG) chs socndccptsacandesesskveteente 107 | Phaseolus............ is settee eee a
COROT As oni ciciicncacavetnevesunanane 106 adenanthus......... osheakaee
OCP CNIS o3 ci. nds wtencee desupenaneee 105 antillanus ......... : veseeveeees Supenilea!
eysenhardtioides. ...........-..ssee0 104 caracalla .........:..5 ~-nenlesanea
MRIGQUUEES occ cavetesoncoutvecaageutinduss 105 lathyroides .......... occ ccesecdaseane
IGIRGOED, 6 occ acensésices bacvuanbes MUaaeet 106 oe eee ee er eteeeeeeseeenens
glaberrima cauwth nied sh eupabe saueeby wae 108 multiflorus ...... .. awcuaw weet eeee "i Bey (a) 16
Stele 4. issvscacusesnsheaseceeteneem 105 ovatus ...... uc ghe soleil ae f
BEATE chan fda d cece da beadndersee een 104 peduncularie . ....<occveadun a :
SO Re ee cn a 106 semierectus .. .......<<«dsasene
eMAMAY RDG «= xiv cn ose ons Se vsnps ieee 104 vulgaris............ ee
INGGDSDIOGR 5 ois is douse eur ten eneorieeee 105 | Phegopteris reptans.......... ; ce r
MTN. 5 5a ssn seus ve sence owevububapane ROG | PREG on cacnaanascesdvranaee oceteue
lonhnontechye 50) seve vnpacowesyeenkoes « NOB). Phgllotloce i025. 5. 0cacexeaee RRs - iM
oe ee ae ees one Snes 105 | Phymatodes nematorhizon ....-. Re 40%
Mi OTOOD 66 sui din vn Ch vreccunkwoed pana 108 prominuls ......c.<:caseseen “swe
Lam O IO. 035 coos eyes Wosknn sneer 109 |. Pidbetde cick. i ccadieeseneee hae *
DOMME. 5505s oss chen os debaweeaeen 105 BCUICRS. ou hans ened «eee <=25ekee ee
leudoitnehive oo. uo. oce eards eebeens 104 mareginate .....2<<..sscnen - =i ange
JOURNOS SoicsZos cect eee ekee wes 106 obcordata 2.2. acticesnaee cseveeeeneeee i,
PISA oo cen vudek Ried meen tebe 105 spinifolia ......... wow seteeeeeeee 2s i i
Pambionteal «o.65 v.44 ves-t5sh en caeuee ne 104 | Pllocereus ......sc0./.2.dasdeunee veteeeeeeeee
pricroplry lis, «5 20250 .8s x cad aes eceitaeden 106 chrysomallus ........ ..... seesneanteean” 2 4
MOMIA ts She Oe aes ee ee ae ae eee 105 TOLVICSPGS 4.4: waax den asGeeeee veeeeeeneneee “a
DAUIGTOUUED 55 Sotcnscasharsshe eure eens 104 Seniis . . ..<siasaess see seo oeaeelens
PARADIS 2. inne nd eeoeta sok k eee 104 | PiloBtyles ..o.050 13} Cceueceggee veeeeeee
1 EE ae eS eee 106 | Pinnularig. :.<..0.5<< 2. .0cus ate
DR VICRIMOUA «3. dcouin od rapt 5 oes 104 0 ee eee
SIO Sn cn xp oko ss bees nee 105 arraniensis weet ence eee eeeeemeeeme ;
GBTRRGMD 2. . 5 5 ao) xed vnce ss senate 104 bombs... =. Scanian sogenee odanueie
DANG vas «=~ <n eenn pene ae ee 105 COUPOTH «.< .cnasinic ik ss agen a
PEUIGON . oo one pep oie eee ee 106 CPADTO ... . <5 <vaxs annua eee sete teeee
FI ie a icsicin & tie en ha one eS 104 CHAYING « «zak ene daoseee cco sane
WURRON, oi aaa so udeeh tet eeneuane eee 106, 106 COORG. vn 6 24s os ncn eh
poponanthere 2... «nus-.J---% <-> nea 105 GOTREM « oi on ceca cee enen Ae
POLY ROMGIGCE 5355 ins ad aaketns 3 sae 105 ina@equalle, 5.46 cuss. «dv. Geen
polyphyilla. ; .. 5255. claean<oweeb ces naee 104 OU cates ona cade Ce :
gt 0, arene py err tte, SS, geemod py ee a 105 WUGOR 22 <n fonda tee nee seeene + -oavaber
psoralioides..... ee ee fi 104 megalopterd .:........sss-desseume
PUIGHCUS |. ibis on 4 Soe a avenge eee 104 multicostata .......-+++++0+++ seeeene
oily a er eo ye 5 Gain ahh leg eee 106 a epee
TOVOlUE.. 2 Se on 5 en ap Ce ee 105 DPEGONTCG 54 ss ieee
MUIDOSCHEML: <5 ns bene npnntan haa eee 105 pachyplera.....<tconcdnmaan ase
BCOPOTIS x doco5 Den ads deat ee ec neeue tee 103 PORNO. © ooo cone udeok bean o-"
SOCAN 5 5 xu 5 5-2 nas <x danas eee eae 106 PICMG... Fe ink wer eten ae:
BEMOOR << dha anscanawcssibunlcheinnt «Rae 105 quadratarea, ....s.0.+.-<.enane bale
GRID TIA. nin no ack ads nad gucign eS Una 105 TUPCOLY IG: 250 oda dada Tees eee
SOBCMAUNE, «5 ooo s canes cdovnedsougeeiee 104 CUM 4 55 oseitn oe nee guages
CUDGROTIBOR 5 ood dana ddawaene cha chan ok 104 Ce ee ne ee
ER ONMOIG a ww aie a Aa mot Maa ade eee eee 103 CUTAAS co inw ca das 3s sees wate
WOUND Lae Adank gna aCe nn ee eae 106 | Piptadentis, >. 2-5 82.5, ocitceene
WOGHIEL: io 62k febt sae ek bhn ean doer nene 106 PCTCRMIDA. 20s + os eke ndenaws 45
WiSlitel | 2456 dh Jaye dane ban eee aap ones 106 | Plocidte 065.52 vases pes chranseben
wre rth sis See ad eae els eee 105 PIACIHUIS -.. 05... e cadene CHEE
Pater noste? Nel... <tc dapess cachves apne 106 J Piatacig. * sas <c5s-seeegeeee uuvevedl
Feleoyphora pusilis... > os isc nner S4 etmneruba.s.s. <<nas <5 <5 aeee
Petlacea Jozanl . 2.2222. sc0cshsusens th epwanene 500 ~=Pithecolobium..............-. sateeeeee
notaiilia. 22.5506 x eee wens areas 500, 501 BLOOFCUIN: «<5 + sya cease weteeeeeee
pecniannl , ..-.-.:><ann-snesmaskanipeeee 500 ~ PevOlgtUM s .....---e8s eer
PORIGPOGISOUS 5. 6 «5s 5a cio = 5b va eee 277 | BATIBD ou se “Web reeean ee see nee ee
POTOQAIIG Ss viens ockuivensdaatgupedeathaeaane 285 | wis-Ostl ||. ..oseeee ee ccecseeokane

INDEX. 929
Page. Page,

OE OS, el eet 384. Poa—Continued.
URMITING, 6 5 ono ecco cv ccerevencvbccuavis B25 COGN a) iJ 5n5'> oe epereoyentensaedecn 2
0 eee eee 326 Winans osha vena ch eas vache aaneerps 3
CMe See 8 Coho eng deur snaae 326 MM Ge ie excell d= Koacdepndiocs capes danse 3
Rea, Sas. Lada wade un eiev nd 326 SORE ONMMIN asin ntewccdas bunt pin obueduen 4
EN Swe oc aus oss boas oss ch ene OR de Pang cuvide ede cepunupanvepos eu 277
ES eg hen aa cda = oe Sawkene make 326 | VUE SIE ate eee oe ohh prs oa ea eA 281
7 A Cig a ne ees $67, 368 | Podopellisplantaginea.................22-06- 494
EERE oo oyunu an sans ded akties sv cbe BC al ROUMMIR foc wn desde cucpbescces 231, 237, 240, 241, 260
en nc dana dbabeuwavadweveda 484, 485 a ee Se oe ee i 241
Eee eee ee eee 485 EES Aegon dhe bab Atak se kraNe Soe se raee 242
NIEMMRTIEWGS as san ccc 6 ccm tee cnnnceescee 314 ARONME leNaa BE en ns ee ocean ake eCwn 242
ee tos Pye. dear See 314,315 NM ia CES eee oe eee as htt atte sh 238
RMNONEOMINGD © 8. ne cence ness 333, 334, 362,363 | cat | eS See ee ee een eee 243
Ci les i rn ee 363. | pe 120g 0 ay Regd he Os pony nS ae 238, 241
es eee ane 363 SRM fees owas Soe eau es ooh ss énbuees 242
8 ee ee ee 363, 365 rth htt: Yams aia: = are oe 241, 261, 262
DN MRREND rere Cs oo oa e's ode ae Saas eek 365 THROMB P MOI 8 a ec da ee ca ae analy epee 241
NT CER ee 363, 366, 367 DUCTIOIUGS. ee on so So eee ee 262
RITE Sees se fee At Se ts weal 334 MACE. bat o eee 242
Stele ad ene a eee, Soe eS 364 MSHA oo oA 2s een Mee ea boss en hee
ee ee ee 363 SPINS 2 oni doh So ow a oy eee ee 242
eS See ore fo oe ac 3 sweats he 364 BEOUISe teete oe eek ste ok see 243
MNES oe oe ene ee caw 367 Op Tas SG Ae ee eee ee ee a a 242
elongatum balaericum............-----+- BGEs (UII oto vn Soe eos ge ce 136, 165
MINGECRICUM .. -.-- 5-2-2 <- ene ce renee 367 | We es eh aoe on a seer ae uae ook 133, 165
IR Pg ou oe oo Sea bain Be 364.1 Polyeala aparinoides _-......-. cues ckce ce 123
IMD Seo ot new anw eens beine nes 365 RR AIE a Sn an acer hd ee ee GEE 122
IN Se ee aw ae ES 364 PIOUS co tint a cn cca Ce 123
I Ee ee ene ee 363 SERINE oo od ie on ate etme er 122
ys ie a re 363 C2) | Sa ee ae ee ee y~-
Cie ig ig) a a 365 Pema eUe ba ee Se ee ee, eee ce 123
CLIT Sd 364, 367 MPMI grb | ee dat cnvae aston ca eueds 123
PP pe ete NCE Sie en aa ee eC 364. | sPolypodium: asplenioidés:. . 2... 2.22522 -.452 491
DURRMIRENE parse rene ofa eas en 364, 366 UGEE TER LANCE eae Senge oe Sa ok ta GE a ee 492
MEM EMONAEYTE 2 5-902 ho ica 8 ccs Sw oe aS 366, 367 CPUS SEROMA Ee Pe art de ee wk 484,485
Ne ee ee on oe oa sane 365 qictyophylltin S2s5-54.-.5-% ee OS ae 501
Rene cyan 5 oes ~ he to ee ee at oe 365 WSOMNIMIS oa A oso aod pap soca bas 502
RRMMEEEN IR ene oe 5 ero e oi wee 366 AMEN nen Aes SE ode ee = + ob dt 6X 492
EUEREIIIOTUNE Soin oo oe nem se a see va 334 TVOEBUNE Sa Fa Roe eis wee oa ee ne se won 489
TE ee ee ee ee a ee 367 | WUDACTOPRIR Rt t= ees, enc eee oe 502
LOC ge a eh a ee - 364 RAIDICVEIN oc poe s toe te non nies eeu es 493
PNR el oo ob rawness e Soe 364, 366 RRR Soo Oye Powe vs kin Cees 493
RATIO eS nc. os 2 5a een de st va 364 EOS od = OR 55 Os eee kan pte 493
COT i Sie 366, 367 TURAN Gs Soa oss se co banc ew pete 491, 492
REELED <P hore Se ok os anes 366 | IVCOPOGIOIGES. 225252. --2--onsestee ccs 501, 502
eS eee eee 365 THEIMMOMICUMEL $. oo 2. . ane aan owe 502
NDIIRTET Is te ee te Se ake 365 RAVRMOTNICON «= oe ns. 2 we cans a Somes 493
Re ee eee oe ae 365 WlanLOAGInewnNy 62 58 8s es co Ss ee gee 494
Premrenononi . 255.6 2222.28... 5- ---- 368, 369 PEON esac ct tak eke eee 491
yO aS See eee eee 369 PERLE ree ot easee ins Coase ee ee 490
EN INUNONE cor ace = ea co - OC Sin = we gS kame wren 333 Re LOT CSE, S Ae aye Oa, arn aE ae 490, 491
URI PE ise ome aw ose ic Sn OI ws 351 ETT UT (TY | ete ea ae ts any ne Se 491
Lina y SUE MR a ee 351 | POMMIATINICOW IM st u2 6) obo. oe te 501
WIGURURDRITUR? «tcf Sn Son os ns Sn oem ease $52. | HACCIOIMINE or Seon Su etc aces 501
DOS el 8 SS Sa eee a ed 351 SOT RESMILIN 5 2 oh ae bees ons a eh via hin oo 191
Pen RRL eee os oc keeles 313 BUPTASCUMDUUNE 6 occ. sence ceews cacJt 502
PAMINSE TIONS ES rete Poe < oon nt wae aR ec woos 313 cd LN ye A ae a 501
Poa delawarica...... Fah Si ray a xoven peat 41 | oo ag Eee ee Soa a ee 193
MRIS Go Sarge rah De lok i a5 awagaee wid 2 | Polystichum grerillianum...........2.....+. 484
© 8S eS 82 ee oR POON 2)" munitum solitarinm .................224- 493
EIECE MB Oe Pie ae et FAS tnciadd Sau 33 PRZOOM on = 3. Se hoa wn cae wae eee 491
RINE Re Aloe n o lak ad ve Sasuke at 33 RRR ED nce oe es Sone 4 an eee ns 49:
RU cso 5 FETT EREPE LT ote or oe SUP APO EIOROOUES 3 can Sec = o's SOS ean Sew emcee ace kee 264
0 a ee eon See : RMR Thr... Re ac ucead ieee wna 237, 238
PRINS 5 Sern wise ate ain = x wins autw ae WE dela 42 CUMMMERAIS Gretta © ae er ack wate Sed chee 237
MINMMMII RE clara Bae Fe kb oe bwin ee 34 A OT oe eee tre 237

45609—08——3

530 INDEX. :
Porodiscus—Continued, Page. Ptelea—Continued. Page.
gg | Se aE Beye) ye 237 OGDUGUER, 0.cvestsccccntckseieeee cocescces Sig ee
OHIGHSUS ic cncccdviscencecnaedcanaehonee 264 | Obtuehia o.oo canscccaneee nad sagunte pone
PORPOER .5.0.cccsssen dbddbabandecachasenee 314,315 Ovalifolia ........s0scnencnteenn Chdinaan whe
Salem 5 <iicicdadd4ddddésddtdendadaaae $15, 316 | DOGIZONA . 2.2. iccccecneeeaeee ery ey
OrNGlG .seccskassitaetn ee 315 | pallida. <5c...00<.cckc dh cot
QUAGNNE osc dndinideaencadtaadaidiseees 315 Parva 2.02.00: bvescceeeeeen cevcesss Oe
GURGPIGUOE. 66.53 okaedetns dacdlandaveeeen B15 | persicifolia..........cecescuuee eee
ODUM. 25a ccasdcqunasuctetopantapanes 315, 316 polyadenia.........:<sansseeee -- eee. 55, 64, 65
Porto Rican Leguminosae, general data.. 133,134 | prominula .....is.ccencseueen eee
Poterntilia lomeail, 5.5 6 sc.6s teks acdsaabeeate 95 papile . oo... << ..nyeon Veen sesmns Sedu we
Prionosciadium diversifolium.............. 130 rhombifotia ......-<c.ccesese “seu .. 48,58, 59
weleoml § oa. cc cchendactdcs taansmeacaneoeee 130 BBLIGUA ..... 0.2500 eres ode 47,78
aM . 5 i. sa cssccxe saces ase ctasseteeene 130 sancte........2...-..---csesneeeee M, 68
PRIUMENG os isiend cans csbadencdié hatin 130 soutellata ......-.....cesceeseenen etkian M62
nrisiatel .. 2: cskscsssecccuansbanndanteeet 130 tt). ep aerate os so emedese eackad Ee
Wath. .2.0° ccapcdudentactes Sater eee 130 stramines ............s0ocsseneee --.. 56,70
PYM CNIS oc is aiten chide isvedediosieaees 37 subintegra ............-505-5useeeenee
Sends 52 hc cnn ¥n500 abn dnrc eee 79 subvestita.............<ceucnneeeeee Bh, 67
Om. kcaWsdntacadansdnicnceeeesuenaes 380 synopsis of species ........... aden atenge 53-57
Pepaghienie «wns ashdcdsanes PENT 4 taxonomic characters .............-,.-. 50-62
fengllin 8s Eo it ctiaree tees 4 toxicodendron ......:...-.csnauue nee 5, 66
Puendotulllacua £03. 6 52.s3.6.05>escsudentives 282 tortuoen ..........-<0-5-00 enue ennn 58, 60
FAIA 200 a3. Foon 2c034 Coanas heaton 806 triptera .........-ceceec nee enone 56,71
Peeudexmtie 533 v.25 t.252.agadsdetabest 116, 109 undulata. .....-.....ss.scesee ane MM, 62
panreie 26-2 5 eed nase teeta es 117 Verrucosa |........ ..--«s==seeenne eee 56, 69
Posisdotrteer Gai: 50.0 02 bows xennc ose 289, 292 Villosale 2. 22... si is-<scoup ee ee
CiNNGMOMAUM. «2655-24220 eee 292 wrightiana. ...........--sesneeeeeeee . 53,58
Pallocatea robuade.. «os on 52a ckcachs chee eeeee 464 | Pieris angustifolia .........../ccsaeumeeen 486, 487
SehiGheGnih < - s Scen a ee hee 464 | Pterocarpus. .....;........c.-.e55neaeeee 138, 194
PUNOR. 655i rod can deck siutattane thet h ie 49, 50, 51 officinalis ... ..< ...-./-..sse0ee eee 133, 194
shoricintin -)..~).- ese ee ee 55,66 | Pteropais ..............<.s.25kneneeeeeeee 486
SOONG odio oon andes ask iheet ane 56,68 angustifolia ....:........ssseennnee Rica alee 487
Seabigens <6¢.2. st2ck ae - eo eee 56,69 | Pterotheca ..................:ccemeeeeeee 287
anaustifolia.. . 5 205.06-. 01d 49,50,74 | Puccinellia..............-.<scceeeeeeneee 5
BROMEA S ss 5 ees oe nee eae 53, 59 SIKOIGES. 3. CN cc cee °. eee 42
MERGES <0. 23%. o%s 7,75, 75, 76, 76, 76, 77,77, 78 distans ...............s::.50s0enen 42
SUN os wc 3 ofc dn doe bans bones 53,57 | Pycreus......... 25.0... sense ee 443,445
argentem. ..-.....0822s29s-> eruieteioeee 56,71 elegantulus .-...... J. s-+.seee pee 416,447
OttMth: soa 0c. 2. ese oe eee 5d, 65 CHiottianus ... 2... 2.4. -2cnace eee 445
Deiailiiolias «ck: “cael eke co eeehcae 55, 64, 65,67 | flavescens ............-22ssscaeeee 445
brevicdvita ss occ oe is hack wake ken Jones 57,73 helvus:....5....5:.<--<ss0eesneen 446, 447
ii ileten. 566s ese ee kee 57,75 lagunetto. ...........2o0.00s50e eee 446
cinnamiomen: 2s 45 co aot ese kne tae 57, 74 melanostachyus............scaseeue 446, 447
coshuiliensis 22... 25>. “eee 4,61, 62 umbellifera. .......<..ccssceeeeneeee 446
SONRGIM:. 505: 22s) «x02 ate eee MM, 62 variegatus ..........++.00cs0 enna
Connie Ys sas csi nee ae ee SE 56, 72 piceus ...... 2.2. .0s05—5shben eee -- 446
ROMS ws ious stesso MM, 63 polystachyus .........:.....sssseeeaeeee 447
erenvilate ovi-n 32.3 teen nos eter ee 57,74 propinquus. ....:.....<-5<seeneeeee 446, 447
CUNplARtR 6 £255 ae Fin tn tc etoe ee 54, 62 | rivularis........<..<.--s»+-=s=see eee 446
CR CIQMMIG ia oats evan Kuda t doce 57,76 | Pyrgodiscus ...... .-<...+..0+-055 sun 237
diaizinution-...: -sateecc ack ee ee Eee 49,50: | Payridteuldss vince cacsteccdtonn 240, 244, 260, 264, 265
ly Pee ery r ey here} ye 56,72 Apiculata, .. 2.02.2. 0 sce stes bene 244
WOGINOMY exc ccpssesdaciapekinesthatb ae 53, 59 appendiqula. 2... .-2.<...s0=ssusaneeee 244, 245
settee: oo... ee ee ee Ab, 64 coscinodtacts. .........«.-sassssssennee 265
ot bee Peer rte tee free nye eh 53,58 GEQGEING «65 020 seo neon cus nneeee 245
PERCE e's oa cen nace tas ccd ae awe ooaer eee MoM, 68 hellentea, ....-- w2ece uss 20s 2cnee an eee 244
SABIAN vas sas esi che aech Ame rere 56, 69 VOGIONG, . oo .c~ coe sche ore oseépect ee
WiciGs |. 32 fon caesee see ce ee ee 55, 66 | Pyxitle . 0 os .6ds wt one cue ele .. ee
AURCWOOIE. 5 96 saes ad hen eee con eadees 56,72 | Raphoneis archeri.........<..-csessessueuee - 829
MOCGREGTDR c.5 2a pane ema ne ois See eras 56, 68 ecutellotdes. .....canciecccoccusuateeeenee 829
mesochora..< 20. a5. stele. ens Meee 56 | Reicheltia........<nccacssastdeu sane .. 334, 360
monticols. oz. 2642-24240. sade eee 56, 64 | Retamaiac.... seo s oven wc yee se eee ihc pos ee
neglects... s. ccs A dasa os tebe ka see 56,71 | Rhabdonema :....-.-.--deacuaee eee atwecnets 321
NEO-MEXICAMA «<5 cc ehncveckasdnn beeen 56, 68 Gdriaticum. ....c0sieccessscosnsuenene 321
mittens . sc oo Tupe eke cet Comkabe neko aes 56,70 OP CUGLUM «i saccascccu sa-dueee eee $21, 322
WTC 35 sé nou co uavp eek na rathaeeeonone 56,71 VENLTICOCUM 0 0 eden evida sanwu ae ee oe eee
THUIGLIGIA... <icasdeceshdubbs socuabakokueee 57,75 erasterthcas.scceveuneun eee

INDEX. 531

Rhabdonema—Continued. Page. Rynchospora—Continued. Page.
td ulema aap eo ecucks oss $22, 323 Ry xudn ca duadduseudaaare wes edd 464
EM lech to seh Sara ele elo’ xr 322, 323 RRERINEL oe Oe tus «etd eawad dale s oeaSa sche 165
MN te co Pha dle one me nad ow an oe ae 321 SOU cue ened anda cute axa desbew une 462
RENE Ss 0 a. Sy ana na euben olep 323 WMUMRR Co SL oda We a a naddeaead vukocdsoun 165
Ne Ss Foes canna csecstpakstues 283 ODT os va dde se cctsy ot sas eee te les 464
MIME ES te dada cand cidvn tdeee senna as 284 Ss abu nd hs thao dua sieecnieesesacanae 465
REE ee ok ica civeiet ween a zs4 EOPMONES 20 JcG vse cone stusa ccs ered 46:
a er rey 284 SERMEERNNOER So aides) cg aca ew dias acantd aden 464
he ee eee 285 PTEMULO UA eine ia yee co as on cde see een 464
RMUMCRRET Vs wrt 3-514 aid co kd os cee eee poe 284 WRIESTIINO 2a (sang a ook Av eh hao Dee 462
EN 6 ddan didaccueenssaae 362, 363 BMNCTIINE no Siicasseycawes vex -«ddeeebuce 465
SE Ae ee eee errr 370 MNNON aah o 8 ago assegathacd«redpcoatinwas 161
ETIOEIG 6 5d Soa cco s ek ew coceanvenews 181 WEE CRTUOED Fait cae ode om auivin ad 6 aah donee 459
tt OER See eee 176 TONG tee Soleo KS te we reas oe Vena ae 464
ETE da aan wha aWads casas neweseecnees 142 2 oe ae 463
ae * PEPE PEPE Ore 260 OPI Pons ong oe ee Fk5 S46 Ped od cs hes 463
(TS ae le Se 264 270) ho) 2 LL: ae er a a 46:
Rose, J. N., Mexican explorations of 1905... 79-86 MIMESLCID ate seed ores ee oo 463
Rose, J. N., Mexican plants recently intro- IRONS et eee oe on oc eo ae aaide see 465
re ek coc wn navcbecennasc 81-82 MORN oo ee oe so Saee ea Fe vl ae ee 464
a eee ES Ea a er 334 RGHBIIGKL, 2 oe eo -. fase c dak oc a vote 465
SE 139, 2038 RIRCRURRIILG oe tare ON. ares le ee oe 463
(LE epetp et Si a gs aa 133, 204 1 icy (id: na ane eae ea RE a 46:
UL 2 5 ee aie 317 RUA ge Oo eg a oe ae 461
ee oa foals Sno taa vida Tedee enn 318 MUNES Ble eta. ag gS seo etu winnie 464
pep ee eee ee nn SES VU OMIM eee ee ee ee eh eS 197, 197
i SS sae ee es eee ome 318 | lL ae SO en ea Oe ae ae Bt 178
Me eh wwe nk oie <a 317 OU SS Sa oe a 133, 177
Ee ere SIT 4 pagenia macrophylla —-..52.0,-c0-s2caces sone 493
eR en See arr eee me AB Ry a ie ee ee er eames 142

0 SOR a ae peer eer or ee Si AMM emer cat Scag want vga te ode uacee take 144
eS Se SIS erONOORE fea. ss. . ooak seen ema 333, 355, 360, 371
(0 UT ie ee aoe 318 NICO StOSTTMON = 2 eo Pe se oe eee 355
a ty se SE SERS a are 318 | i RI AE Sk SR ho aS SRR a 354, 355
MINT SER EM ee neo a <n cis g nmciae 318 | WML hire ee te a Be a et 361
MUNITIES Hl sf a Deh. heer me oe eee we oo Ld | MDOISOLTER OTD SaUe Lene ce a ee ee oo ee 150
OSD A Se pele ee eaten a eee aaa DISA WOGNOCIOLS COMNULOLER ee = ee cca ates cence 465
OOD NEOUS Ope ee ec a rr 273 COMTI in a ao 8 mae Ca cetee Jae nah 444
Beneuoninn c= <c.....---.-2---- rps Fie 100,140,211 ly en tt eal Oy ee a ee a eee 463
are le NT per ee 100 PUCUCMUSR eee sso else tS Seg oe a8 463
OO ie ee ee 6 oes 101 CIGHOSTES Saree in ns neg Ss chess nas om 461, 462
OU OGELSS: lS ees a ee eae 101 OU OL MOR es oe 0 ae Oo eel 465
DP Sk a a 100 PAUGSCR CUR Se 5 cts ons og ac kee toa ee 466
OO EE Gee ae ie ae 101 WUE OTALE font od 9 ad ag nie atcennee nee 459
TEI OR sie Ne 101 WORT AU Rs cs ae ae 8 See 463
LES TE Op el a 101 BPGUICCEUS ee. F.8d ogde «own soe aeeten 461
COL ee 2 ae ee ee 101 SUF ETUONRONMGS- 26 a ure Sige so ee nda seas anes 463
ga oO I eS, Se 101 PUTING = Po os hoes ooo acues coeee eee 461
Co Se eee ee IGE | seneGONOres -W5.0.-~--2.-5,«-< paulo bok ae 2
SREMRRIIOVITICILES. OF = one wien ow acne eh aa 100 WRAL heck ho oe Coane 46
oi an Se eee et oe Be EN OUT WR ene ee Se Os ce ee cee 2
Se Peer ees ee RR Se ee eS 2 146
eens... So a od ce Ree ee es oe RE en ns pale san Soar oe 135, 146
EN foe oe date nics cobb aicemans 101 Percorcensis. ©... 2,22:.<- eee eee 133, 146
EMR fe do ahs in Sa a a SRS HE a eee EGE UR OIMCRONIR et RS ei wean hse bc eS Coa ei 269
EMT is pile wiki aac wwe so cecwees wwe 212 | Scirpidium sulcatum .................--.--.- 456
PE Seas Ps Su Sane na dam ode 100 | Ste OY Tacs pie ee eee 448, 460
Meera na Oo hae dd ante dann nek 100 | CON eee Oe ee CnCwn onc oe Saeee 456
IS Reh tsa ns asi cca beens 100 | MATER mratis ob oes leno f an oo ae woe 459
CE pe ee ee 443, 462 (RU Ee hee: Cea Gee re Pry? ep 455
SER Ais ee eos no ee an nog anaes cole L63 | RII Peta. a a Sen. 5g Mine ee eae 455
ES ee ear ee et ae 465 | RM REE 4 hina so ei a4 tun iet aden eer 458
SE Saath as ana si'e anh ana aueatedanes 464 — MEE Soca cub na cphssbaandsacaacedhess 465
UID fe an ka os du avs chaaphae Bak op wt 463 NE PE Ninn cL oe ownage acca umns 456
CROSS CE Sao. cans sued nakhans ocwae 163 a. ee re oa 463
OUACAR on oe aha SSeS eae Saw adan wens 465 BURIOMCGS RCE lth at ce hh cis bunbaesen taeda 460
GXIMIG: Co ieassee CyoUnecktnaeenn as succawat? ae Giphyllus.... 2.2.20. .20ceeee sens cccenees 458

. “f , b. sa
582 x INDEX.
Scirpus—Continued. Page. | Spatangidium—Continued. ,
GOMSOUNOLUS 2 ind ae ove nvgetnascéonduusten - 47 Be eee mh
Ree ONAINE (ais. n <5 dcacss cughnv ptt atn senna 459 Raplaelle .....ccecesccecatusbennene
trarndlsitie o5c2 cic cvcpecenickdaaeuaee .. 460 peltatum ....... os ccveceedeeeiennl
RAR OPUE: coven ocncaceephaunehone eee denen 455 FOPCABUM. 20 ods cudecauct ap sdk
GACMPOT MUA... de énine's bon asene nenekvadane 466 9 Spermodon eximinus |... .. «wee ee
PPG «iss nade es pacechawealhoaleeee eee 449 / Jiliformia.......... PP ae
milcranthus ii uk. cowseesacbucccanebakeen 460 | Sphenella .......... p= ¥edennnabh eae
StlerOMlGCAS 3 ocscuce'cnncsaaseneasenee ae 450 | BpRenopus .25. << cacccascanaennneee
Pe eee ey 458 | Sphenosciadium eryngiifolium.....
MORIAIEE ooo ccc k ne acenwen he eee GBT | RpRENOOMG inca cc ckeicspeuas <<a Be
CEE ono. ic canosduetewenapeveautnareee 455 | Sphinctocystis............. aecscmant
NOVICE aan 5 ands ip adnate ics ee 460 Velie 0.25. tcns kee ey}
RWOGUIOTUS «nin o'k.ccacaatuadobaech teesnhune™ 456 STUNG cise hss ane ses eee settee eeeeeee a
OCRTOAIUB . ov nese uinccctedinnndcoknseasees 455 undulata .....25-c# ones ----sseneeaee
ACNE wii sk oon buns staples 457 Sphinctospermum........... Oe. ae
HOGI os ol niece chncer seek ofl en eee 459 constrictum ............- eervenenceneans
pltoarhachts:., 2 osc ccusnasndegetecths 455 | Sptroloba <<..< .0.5<2 s<catese nee ~ azuls seca
URTAOGUN 5 sos das co Sabnan genus nan eee 458 | Slachychrysum.............. .«-aad¢-
MOURNE i i. Sac cendanhindaum oles 461; | Stablia. u...scdced.baduaee mee =
SULCUS 5 ans = ae 'ede ie da Gakhha renee 456 MONOSPCIIMA. .....<.<sueed sesceceeeee TD
OT Dg Ss rein any ayes ere eS SS 444,465 | Stauroneig ..............c<seseae Re x aaa ;
rebeiite 2 6 é cs bean ck pcSbus odeax dele woee 467 COME a5 in sn clan Re actos
NAINA dhe nce inn aches nectaeeee 467 amphtcephala . ......ic.csedeee 3 dee
COMMUNI, < ons oak as seek nenw eee 467 amphilepla. ..... outa. vaceee » ca 6S
pone cs ty Supe dntadeecencsieen 466 ANCENS.. 3. Séaccs'vesde secean ee osreb eae
distans ..... ee ee see eae 166 aeperd 010i. .ute cee ee
MER ogmtE Tacs scan cose hotly ate the taevedeee 466 baileyi .....- 20. 0n0+>-sunt oe Seen
Rapes fs ks isth creases ee es 466 OrwAil \.. i. ene dante <sdseeenanal
DIATGCUE iis ca idk cnceen hes le aa masenne 4166 fuliien -...2> [ones ieee on dah santa
igoustFIN ook. des sents eee 466 gractlis ...-..). ~/... 0.34. <000n een
in tllolin oss soi esdetncs oe dine ena 467 naequalta:.<. iscsi ens emaee nasckn sone
SC ei tarp Sy Raabe yer, ee 4166 ROCKS 0. oo asp thon n~ Se eneee abines cal 361
Hithomperma «ic. 6 vcensnonent-ovannuet 466 lanceolata), foc i.2. tons tence ae ease
TACT OCT NE nis Bs ccc Sek eth pe digat eee 467 binearies sc. hiss ki chewphtwee beceereeeee w
etblalénon >. 02. J.ssciicakeo scanner eens 166 phoenicenteron .........++. +. settee teen
idd hs . os <2 Set a ee 466 polygramma, ....-...0...rsees .2
DANIAN . ho. anata hacia cane eiedawades 4167 pteroidea ....... See viens -agtasted
NIE. a5 anianlacviend ea nise ake 467 pulchena . i. i. sass knp Kenn ae nas eae
PIANMIE. wi. «ncn ko den eon teas 467 PUGMACN on. on ST nannond ee a <cknsieee
TT i ee es aie Cec Mer) 467 TODUBO. 5235s wos des cae Pe =
refesn 2... 2 ose<. obi tM ete ce 466 | Stauroplera ...25,. 2.3. eae eee <3; seeeeee
tenaciasimsa . 22 S358. ono even ace 466, 466 achnanthes.. oss. 32s ace ee
COE 0. nce nnn aenh mee Pete eee 466 ASPEPG 5 a» »wien> snake = ss hadee p BRS 2 a
tents oP oo Peete Ree 466 ODIONDG 52-2. ose ee ee ae eettesreee
TLE | Sa ee ae pene eteat Se 466 | Stelladiscns . ... 0.1... se aise po ‘ ie
Belerochlon: . ou... onGs ees eee en eepeoeen 2,5 | Stenochlaena latiuscula........... ost
1 eee eee ee ees ee ee 2 porbifolis. ...:..<Ws suena ae aaa
Bolero Nias cea ae srtechen amen jay. Sa \ieroneia... . 2s kee kee re sdk
Halla: bo sco 7.4 c 8: eee chi cca $,4,42 | Stenophyllus'.....-2.:.cscslean sa De :
Scleropogon brevifolius .................--- 42 COpiUAris ..... 2000 ceenneneeeee oe >.
Scoliopleura antillarum. ..... ....00se02.e-20- $36: | Stenopterobia.-. <a. scleccnsnenee eps eae
srakalenste . cos. acces Rese ee 319 | Stephanogonia .................-. +2
fo ep ae ee ee Tenet ep er =o 155 | StephanopyXis . .-...<..22..ccecnen «cee
TORT oo ccc kk onncantasaundal ieee 159 Cpteulaie. 35555 on iin sc
TE is sc ke ica vans d Ooo acdsee 147 appendicula.. +... ccs» ass re
GUAR ok cid nics facnkn cones sBee nee 137, 179 rnc his | sachs. ns lee ee
GEO VDTIECH: «066 oi cos chase tane ee aeee 180 COMPONIULA. «ox isin ews n vie pee
WIATMUUOTH a Vet cwack sn vaukan cree skese 133, 179 COLOU Ba xan class ube bth ea ee Bek
occidentalis 250s. das. tabacds ts ceueee 180 oylindrica...<.2.0.-i csc .nsueae ee
BETIOGI 3 ck fa nid oh Bede nl ee 179 GN adOMG. 6.00 s5ns ca hoa Rake Fe.
Skeletoneme .... £355 0>.ssunn ion as cots Sea 85, 287 as CRC ae ees <a
BAP DEBU 20.0: o20scne edi anos aenn ss up mp enae eee POUNETIGNA so. wmn> osc aenee ee.
SOUWIN an ine cna an cin CPR 313 TKIsCUlpta. ¢:2 oto. os. 0k eee
ROMOIA <5. dS. «x kdias cuecauvayeandnnsen 136, 169 Len ND i. Kian icon centro enka
TOMENTOGR 6.00 <a cnn twale ananassae ree 169 CONTIO x: Sona te aie aseannauheaneeee
pata gids, « on nachankicewnnwee wa taene ewan 273 | Stictodesmis craticula.......... anne See
GPACHNE...0.cecccerccncuvernencecesacese 278 | Stiotodigens............0. 247, 254, 260, 267, %

INDEX. 533

Stictodiscus—Continued. Page. | Symbolophora—Continued. Page.
ais ican dS av «dow can acvenvisseuss 269 ett eree gee oo ee ata el cane eh lean pe 256
EM as uch akniee <esu<invasdeeneses 268 Pe debnesgutdash eg ches Cobabas veme duh 2
POMEPITIIMEEN fons 2 ho 6.5 s asics > «wana dens vm 269 Pi AOA acs oat inl cited doh we amen ae 256
REI oo see noua ven cw wpe BOD NICU CUD aula mcuis cow's dan ucnS'u ne We ecevadece 371,372
EE A ae er ee Bess TLE NONTUOND win dais wdieccnacsavansenccawwweus 285
Re ota Rada es hacen dee san Riarn me ie ome ots a oes oe eres uG sand views 333, 378
eee ee Peer ee Pere er - 269 St eee ee ee aN shot ale ae cee 381
RPMI POIUAINTIS). <6 acca sc ace saecnecs suse 268 UIC fe datas ins cubase cn en asia 379
a POs PLONE Ga ee noc ans eceslc oun else aude ee.
ee lan Gina ng cians hxadwann eres ZOE Wy PRIBIOD LIME anit ie awk ae we waa ocins dc Sawin Seioob 243, 244
as wc gewde recep =dabewee 265 INE Neblett thd Son Au aenoulile 244
a DU es 269 "0, WO) / 10 hme pn, Se ee a a eR 245
0 ee er 269 Ce ee ae ee ae any ae a 245
EE 269 | Taenitis angustifolia. ... .-...cescccceccceves 487
Ow daa Ee ee a ra a 268 INL GEO LANs ote oe ee ee eee 487
Pee eon aloe Bin sie slemee 00 an 2) Heeb NEETU Oras adic ph alin'anoe bene nd cute owas wap 153
OI og oe bikin cnwe Adee Sees ZOOr | eMC Om, eee. lak one woe eas ccpecce 151
Stigmaphora were eee eee e eect tenet e ees 96a |) Lamarindo'cimarron:. .- 22.2. s2.c.s << ccca- 145
Ce en a a Patek aaVI NN GI a ro ki ool no baked wcelene 136, 152
Soci IG CO: i 287 ib aVAD TC) pL a eee) rep 6S aaa ee el pee 133, 153
REPRISE Fo nS. Seale conn 984,319,321 | Tectaria martinicensis .................- 493, 494
co Pa a SO eee oe ee 322 NUL OD ERSU INCH. Mea ig oe re Soo Son alk 494
DE Si eee Ss ee ee 322 [ODA MS NES) Gane Oe ee en ee aa 494
Ne ee ees Deig LM OPIMMORIME oa5 soap se ccc eens v anes ease desk 137,174
SERMON TEBE aS ators anacwit wa'aie'civanisie’= 214 CCD) GV ch NESE el aes eS peek a A 175
“She LOS 110i a ee ee a re 138, 183 GinNenent me sae. shea a SO Uo eee 174
WUTC eet a et. Se wa eecaws 18: GO LSURAL ONE Se eA ene = 107
PUMMHIIRUMIEP also So bee oes ee wok 159 DUE INC R ge nares ee aos se eae cw atte 175
ee os eon ewe koe nae ohn on ee BOA CRA ct thn nn a Putas econ te aee 139, 201
REE LOM En soe Se on oy, Sa ne aos 384 CEL Dipper oe a oe ec ee ee ee 201
[EEN a Eg eal a oe ae 385: | Lerebinthus-....------ ee Ne ee hoe eee 117
MOTTON. ore a Sins oS AR = eee 385 HLOC VION aa = eet an ee =, ER
EEN 2S pc SANS Sie ae 385 OS Ces Se ae eee ae ee eee ae 118
LPI TE AES So) Rp 386 SURG Ratnam ee ts oa eee 5 FS eee ee 118
Reemiberiness bok ow 323, 378, 382, 383, 383, 386 BUSI SU ere a ee Se ee 118
ea an en ee ee 323 LSC 0 ee ESS a ee ar 118
Re ee enn ety aioe dason 334 [VEO Rigeai ee a ge Spe ad Sst ee 119
LD, SONS a ale pe a ae Re 384 Jozte Than et:) k: ieee Meee a ee ee ey eae ea ae a 119

0 ATES a 342, 368 ORD bi et ee oo oe aes or eece 118

CRUD OTIC SR Pe ee Oe 385 CEPASWIOUSE = s250 25. 3k Sass ewccunecceoss 119
U1 SE Backs Oe 383 MOU ROS eee eh eta ale rac eam 119
LEGO SC ee es ee ee a 385 CUIMCA Da rstatt ac eis ods oo aon tes Ye knee 119
DUCT (GST ge ae er 385 OC er2(1 0.20: rn ae a ar 119
IP) OC | ip a a 385 Be Ie be aps oo At inh wn nm nwiinsapages 119
CTE Nog ERS Cet Ee a ee 385 RIPON CN ys et ae Se Oo ees 119
NEE ia ee 382 Un LC iy ea 119
CC ie eRe ae SS a ey Ana 386 PRLIBGINIRMNOG Soe = face nek ns -od en eee ae 119

LPS CGOD UIE Se an ees Ca See A 389 PIA DIESCONS:. SoG. oo eels ccccecuas bun ve 119
SSS ae 6 ee ae 383 mee re so he 119
CNT 2) Gt ee a ee a ee 383 STOUT CULO Mee hss ro 2 A ne cha cere 119

TOE [REUSE a a ce aS B85 PIA UCOIOUMe 52 bein Ses cdee teh cee 119
EEN GT gg a ee ea RD 383 LoY>) 11g) 0) 6410 C: Reg ee a 119
NINOUING Nn, aah soo eul ps cukeiw se 329 Pe erat ae oo cca caumawesus 119

Pi] SORTS 2p | Ce a ee ee 385 TOU GUIBIN S28 cock tt eae wee th ees 119
COMI 282 ae oS a ae ae & 382 EOL io SO Mtr ce IR had x rao ee 119

C) SRE 4d Se es, Seneca oe Se 384 OO 2 a a ere 119
PI Rss oho hag div ot au aos gant 386 Pn OS a 120
{REVENGE a or a ee 386 EERE RIA GES toto cae came, S08 Ge as 120
CN En oR OES a ee a 383 [VSS SI ae is geal Pa ae aa 120
TA ME alee Wars in ere a Sena . See 383 RURGGON OR be cess tos: oes ne a See 120
RNC R ae Poe BBO. 6 Se eat, waco sx eat ee 386 PREC SACO IIS len fo 25 en ten kee ew eteean we 120
I dah. o St ey ve k dw ohare war 246 aniie eye! thd I: ei. a ee ae ie a a 120
RO inh ia ns wie a » a cma thague 256 BEUPONOTIRNER 92s oc oct eae baw eee we 120
NN sgn oss way inv nat cats a eae 256 WPRLITOLI oe Se ng oe ck. Caaccuunenates 120
ck 256 BI PRMUL IR ee. cin Ss oes s csc cwewwataked 121
ME a oo Lanes Suna 256 Se ht Ce a, ee ers 121
LS sis de b's) al anit ol Shad 256 CC WG0j 1: yee eo er 121

534 INDEX,

Terebinthus—Continued. Page. | Triceratium—Continued. Page.
palineel sic ccccccpedcucounnepaaeeenueee 121 TM oc cctensndbaccstae osccccccccbissus | mE
pannosa.......... Mecveusemans deena 121 SOTO 0.5 avs sicsnnucte seacesccccccese 20h
nenioiilete < isisicsiuntabcaabndatectce 121 GROOGUM « aevsiccccenccenve coc ncntgauaeete mae
DEON 5 5 icendscadbvesenates ubaakaee 121 GPOINGS 5 venetian hndsceee --. 201, 308, 304, 308
wholfolie., i iinscaccsadectondes eda 121, 122 WONG sox vcasanschnchtoee « occeab epee ent Lae
SUDER bc bv dacs dcacds ch db auhes canes 121 harrisonianum ......... o ccccccanes puMiea ann
BODRGIGE: 6 ii Séscdasvctdescanedeeeenaber 122 INGIOGANS. cv .ssaapvencvetee oc cocoumanepal lana
SCHIGGGBDR « ..2kd5caccucntaceubacesemees 122 ee »stsinksng nee
schischtenGahill |< 5.0... cctcstenteecse 122 Javanteum. . ...ccccocvchandeauue s'egunetnceueee
DOMMETIGONG 6. 16 kidkdwines chAnckeecaeneee 122 SOTOMAGHUM « . oiicacccecsceeanen inna pnadel) ae
BLMATUDA ooseccs wudeads ch ckn kbs raowdeees 122 TORRONE. 2 inka clav'ca newer woos enue anew ae ee
wabmoniliforns. ics, i asithavscs eabeeese 122 JURCOIENIE. «<2. <2 ceenccemenne ose caves tee
sabtrifoliata ss iiisdbc 2 cack cits ceseeeae 122 ‘PURCIUN. « ci cuns 8 chee avon a nwe ceogah tae
SONRU2IOUR. « ccuuks ftawanaueeeeenaee 121.122 JumiNOSUM ..ccn- lcacauuemed ee
QOMMETIOUE 5 oo wk dks bs cost Ths ene eeEeeea 122 MAGUR . o pc actn curse teense > audit ere,

TORPMNOS.<..¢ cc ws oedec ee caneEseaeinc Tee 289, 314 megastomum ........ 22. ne vain lia
CUAMTECONG 6 onc cas cn ou cone canwakacteeeane 314 membranaceum. ... 2.2.2.6 wennuat eb cauaeee
breblmonil -. v4.42: caecasenveeenss eee 315 microcepfialum .............- ove cwh owen eee
ee Oe ee Rae Se 314 MUPICOLUM 4. 0. nacnpu sks epee ---... 303,304
SOWIE i's wach ence ta ae 3l4 nicobaricum ......--as--0. occesecalscsnuelt an
Bo Ey eee re ee 314 ODIUSUIN.. .. 2 ous ann ce abe eee rebeakeens 293
WOGOR cx ainsi deatecdeuds opengbsntdanetle 314 orbiculatum ....:..ssswdeneeue errr es
annie... tr.v bk a2 parte ee ii atees se 314 ortentale 0-20. dss'avck ewe =savuak ae te
MUGIGR 6 Aig ct es eh ees $14, 315, 826 OYNOLUM, .< cas wc ck w wend onan eee o~aedeewe cue See
vg gs, Pe Peer eee pees. OA eee 314 PATHAUM 00. nos anestva een ona witaab cel een

ci EE Ee RS Pee Mae Big Peep, 321 *papillatum < .... coc eevee Jain henbited eae
MATTIE 1g siak satan ep cba sd) kate ane S21 paralldum. . ..-. ccs «sss4ssueee ere |
CONOUOTE GLAS LEAL hoon pete eens ee 321, 322 PATCUES 6... sci dos Pe asec
ontete <62 oy acim Adc oe ee eames $21, $22 pileus. 2..........+-.2+ =. caer ee
interrupte.: 2). 55 224 serch. tee se Sey, 321 PIANO-CONCAVUM ..... Judes aeeeue ais a greet A
FODOMLO. 5. o5 rat 1b.b cedar een bs ere ede ease $22 PUNCIALUM, . 2... 22 ae ew enceseee eee --- 294, 295

TOTEMRTOS oi oan 2s» wap hited on tees that ee 3l4 quadrangulare ........ ee wh as dod
GURAPICONG 2 b.2 nc neck Pee ah oeon nae 314 quinquelobatum .......c«ssccaeneen ws, a

Pei eees 5.3 cst lad nen eeens ob gseenuene 277 TODUAUM «0 02 50 noe nso ag cen eT

Toddavadds dendroides.. : ii225.5-25< 2ades ck 116 radioso-reticulatum..........-. és dase ane ete

Tornliniam< .....<.% dhimcn awe uaont ith weereee 443, 454 TOHCUIUM ~...-» ans eae ene eee Meer
COMESPEIM 5; oa cdadend cok coaen el hee 454 robertsianum ..........4-- . Se See a 308

Jb SSR acca eae Peete 362, 363 SCHUMUOM... 2. dew ine eee teeeee occes coe 00S, OUn

Trachyneis antillarum.........- dethd kh cones 336 SCuUlptUM. 2. <\ «eevee w= os owes 294, 295
GOED 5 tats san wnt na kehcne bop ak eek seen 338 SEFTALUM, 22 oo wees cone ac swan sane 309

4) Y a? ihe SS 2k Re ERY, be re 2 SeuLger um... 2). - ois women » oc cddeb «SOG mae
IGNON 8) ob ate cc aeRO E a ane 2 sharboltianum ......---+.<seccaeeene 310

Triceratium «1.0.5 -=55% 267, 289, 290, 292, 296, 298, 314 BOL. wis ine nls es = beech oe kan Sn J ae
bere... 5.24 anne wade Lee sebhs ahaa nase 290 SptnosUM .......7es » wep eye aoap es . 309,310
antarciount 25 «cote teste ante eee ee 291 SUTTOLQLUM «os wan nos on oe ee a ae 295
ON CCTUOONUM 6525222 hc deee nse euch aabee 299 subcapttatum. ~~. sew += 0-0n su gue
OP CEU Ba cake es wads eee ee we ee 290, 291 tabellartum .. 122 <. co nngetddea eee hee 295

ealifornicuim?4.2t54. 4 ihe. e eee 291 tridactylon: <.-t:casseneouk Cee Shas eee 310
Gratin ~ Le. A eo ek a hee oe eee 309, 310 WINMAB. a. css ons duce duane ree
DiCorNne Gio ab Goons Ce eee eee 301 UNGULALUM . . cco. ac cnen sos esheeeeeee 297
Diquadfaltn . 02 cbih is escheske +e een 300, 311 OGTIGDUE 55. -«a'stainds ave seen ee ony ae re
DYEVINET OUR «an viv kina een neo deeb heda aces 295 VENUOSUM. 2.002. in ccncdwannweeeee oie
DL ORUADELUAG us oa cess beh nee Sens eee 297 PONUMOLUM . oo. can wo danas ae cele 296
COENEN snacks beans sakes aeoke 295 | Trichelostylis capillaris..........cvss+seneeee 459
DUOU ON a wee eiin snes eee Ree 301 SUA OCOD ooo dp dd wana ee --- 458
CORT IACUM, 55's’. sss ue tees ax we onewes 808 .} "Trisoniuan ss 20 157 «2.60. .2ssnee eee --- 289, 292
COMPCCRIDUI 6 vik cop nanobreh'abe uh oaems 290 RdSpeTSUM .....-....>.0>>5080ae eee awa),
COMMRUG ci duniri cen suinaeasereb vss laaeae 303 Blternans... ...\. 2... ..-s cn aee eee ope ats
Conatatle i770 ec. bis Soe hink dice ote axe Seen 300 GHCHONI « .. -ss0sskn ss ecemeenenne ----- 289, 290
Coacin0lges socked sgietats colin etteaaee 292 cinnamomenm . «2... 4 ..scesscanen owed See
CYORGHON 5, «acne a oacnpgho ses esos Tuce pe ooscinolGens: <i-. us, sesh daen oc0saeechie: ae
CuspidatuM ‘soa tdeun nde whore tates 304 parallelum ..........02ss0seuneeenee cove SS
Chrenber gd su ndcvcua dels uns vate eaekeee 297 plano-concavum ..............- ovens 26k nn
CAG a's ou Kd ays ce ee 311 reticulo-radiatum . .........2++-+- Se
Congas <2. foes iwe dante ade aka 310 PUStICUIN ; ..28c-42anemceeeees errr
FOONG 5 dsc San tds ed gece hte ee 289, 308, 304 SCUIPUAM o.oo s.<ue o wcn nee check ae
Smbrtatme 5 oo ce vicn'nn htnne es tebe oe ates 303 StxiolatOMn . os es aucveins soe Paden asaccsan ne

°
ve

INDEX. 535
Trigonium—Continued. Page. | Uncinia—Continued. Page.
eMMULPEOUIITINN nc oteuad aca dceen dvs «se sia's's 295 NOUN dos <a hone onss wuts soeeticctes 468
Pe hare ia'a/g Vein dak ea cdwennenk owe 296 RRISICOUSIN Mr dvigucien fon wn? annae Wanna 168
METRY IERt: o 8 A ee es wed 296 POM Sein dela e nece due bunekwutavawe 468
BARTLET oo oe nw dee wclek ee aes odmevnns 206 VOTERCUNCKIN = ovine cowcccssccnccssccs Sb4y S09), 500
EE ree on to oie nin s dich wien ane 289, 312, 313 OT UROT ILLS sien entrain cud vlc Mw we moe 361
TT ee 42 SORE Bans ocneducuues ates eats --- 861
OTT OS i 42 LUE Paivig ede ave cnn cane <a 56 oe exam 361
PPA RIPULTOULCA. « «. = sn scvencscceceecvcns LOA GF ng 0 Te.) 0 eg ee era 140, 216
a Si en 247,277 De eerte are foe nas et ae rite a kes otters 217
NE ee ty nascent wom sie as 278 jthelaeb (cj) th ae a 133, 218
CURIE ition wae Sco e ois tne ao c\nin.c 277, 278, 281 Raa aera ea vn ducnaseemhd 217
WUMEIMETI TSR OR. 5 oh aid oe nisce'ees cece FATE WG to Wa: ek, Oe ee a 186, 487
METRY OMIM Nota cscs c Siuwierg cv ceccne ees see 278 PUL UL OV ew stnie a talon cite mac one = sievo'e'e 487
ro LO a a 279 BEGlODENOUINE 2.22. sarc. «sdk ste veers 486
CO ACTOR SE SS DLIAT VAMDUL ROUNIN pose a acne sy oe Se mance toca Soe 2,10
SONS Bas ea As awiciewecdaese i) Pe Up AU DP OWS oc eos = locas ews mee coc cen s 8,10
Pree. ee ans un ew cee = o's a oe 280 | LATICO): ope Oar PR Oa eT roe 2
PPTEEARERCO US 65 oo 5.22 w <s hah enc vanes views 280 | TUTOR UNC UL larg ec Sos < pa aie aS 2 sie e's 17
MUIERTIMI SME eee 2 ot Ss digs cates nus osu ce 2a DOW al LV GURILO RMI coe acc nonce acc aves deus sedeess 246
ISIS) ete ie ee 280 | Wissadula glandulosa ...................... 12%
MRCOG: abo. «2-2 Ore eee tree 281 ROWAN tate eas eter ee oe ecco is Page de 124
hon ilece, 40 ea ree 277, 281 SLD PILE Diee tte mete cet oa ae a ri Ser lane 124
RMD eS noite au ic cen c Soe wees See VT ep lanereeenn a eet ete Se See ete Daud 269
TERE ee ok tok doc oc deicSavec ceded DIS WeAOQNUMODUGHS = — bc or co Swe one ce ews nn = OOP) CAS COT
(oot) 01 NS oe ee 281 ODIO es eee et ee Maas oka s oot ae 389
UTE LOIRACEUM «ao mo aoe dse dec caseces 3 MOMQUTONMIUB =. 2 ec tem sn ne ween ot 389
ee Sg (ERs | ae ae 116
MOMS os <i ae a 'le te Seca ac ode ee se sbi || waiphidium.coeruleum. +. ..2-2- 3.22.22. 2252 467
Lec) |. 2) ee ee PRIN PIE AC etek cap gn ed pe Ea 145, 148
SU ULRLL: 8S (2a ES ee eo 378, 382, 384 | Yo). 0]: 16 gee Ae ee es ge een ap eer ee 144
SULTAN hit Ra a LOE OVA eae eee aa. sm omishcnicre wintarw miei e clare 138, 185
Oe ee 380 Pa O10 ee hc a aS AP 2 498
eee SRW CORON eae en sm omee oda sme a ouue 289, 298
SG ees ee eae 381 0 Te A Re eT 289, 291
SURE AR i A cn Sisco vcs ewe cesses 84, 126 POUL Bites oe eee oe eee a ee 306
DS a a 142 NAPNCHS an toss e ieee oar tenaerds oan 3 291, 298
MOH SUUE 6 SOR Sb ont cow ns sewn ccs scie cine cnn 444,468 TUONO Den ond ane ve oo cas Sea he Peers 307

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