Q
11

Published monthly by the

New York State Education Department

IN" 363

New York State Museum

JOHN M. CLARKE Director
UC-NRLF

B 3 Dfi3 flit

MINERALOGY 4

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC
LABORATORY

BY

H. P. WHITLOCK

PAGE PAGE

Minerals from Rondout, Ulster co. 5| Calcite from Howes Cave 16

Calcite from Union Springs, I Datolite from Westfield, Mass. .. 19

Cayuga co 10 | Explanation of plates 23

ALBANY

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
1905

Price 15 cents

^O' * IV V . i*.

m-Jes-xooo

New York State Education Department

Science Division, June 13, 1905
Hon. Andrew S. Draper LL. D.

Commissioner of Education

DEAR SIR: I transmit herewith for publication as a bulletin
of the State Museum a paper entitled Contributions from the Miner-
alogic Laboratory, prepared by H. P. Whitlock, Mineralogist of this
division.

It is with some satisfaction that I communicate a paper, brief
in itself and wholly concerned with pure science, which constitutes
a really substantial addition to our knowledge of the mathematical
and physical characters of New York minerals.

Very truly yours,

JOHN M. CLARKE

Director and State Geologist

Approved for publication June 14, 1905

-K

Commissioner of Education

^/"L

> » > »

.v 5V •

...*-* i

New York State Education/Department/^/,/^ : ;/

New York State Museum

JOHN M. CLARKE Director

Bulletin 98
MINERALOGY 4

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC
LABORATORY

BY

H. P. WHITLOCK
MINERALS FROM RONDOUT, ULSTER CO.

In the spring and fall of 1904, the New York State Museum came
into possession, through purchase and by the gift of Mr P. E.
Clark, ot a very complete and representative collection of minerals
from the mines of the Newark Cement Co., at Rondout. As
such a mass of mineralogic material from this interesting local-
ity has probably never before been available for study, the
writer has availed himself of this opportunity to contribute these
brief notes in the hope that they may prove of value in furthering
a detailed knowledge of the mineral occurrences of New York.
The writer wishes to express his thanks to Mr Clark for the many
courtesies extended to him in his work.

General description. The mineral material consists princi-
pally of the filling of seams or veins in the Rondout limestone
which constitutes the cement rock of these deposits. Of these
vein minerals calcite predominates and is characterized by a wide
and interesting variation in crystal habit. Crystallized quartz
and dolomite occur associated with the calcite together with pyrite
and marcasite of a younger generation. All of these present
characters of interest and will be described in detail.

Marcasite. Marcasite occurs implanted on the calcite and
quartz of the vein filling and less frequently impregnating the cal-
cite in minute detached crystals. The crystals vary from 5mm
in width, parallel to the b axis, to microscopic individuals. In
crystal habit they present the usual types, the combination shown
in figure i° representing the prevailing habit. The faces are in
general marred and distorted by striations and vicinal planes to
such an extent that exact goniometrical measurements were

oFigures 1 and 2 are shown with the 6 axis vertical.

333194

6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

rendered difficult, and where fairly sharp reflections were obtained
from the corresponding faces of a number of crystals, the results
showed a considerable variation, probably due to incipient groupings
of a number of crystals in approximately parallel position. The
brachi dome r (014) was noted in a number of cases but always
trending toward a connection with (on) and (ooi) by series of
vicinal planes giving curved surfaces [fig. 2]. Twinning parallel
to (no) is quite common producing the usual stellate forms. In
one case the repeated twinning shown in figure 2 was noted. Ag-
gregates of the usual "cockscomb" aspect are common.

Pyrite. The pyrite which occurs at Rondout presents several
features of interest both from a crystallographic and a genetic
point of view. In addition to the small brilliant crystals (i milli-
meter diameter) which in places thickly incrust the calcite of this
locality, in a number of specimens a decided and unusual distorted
habit was noticed in the pyrite crystals occurring associated with
the dolomite, which latter appeared to be of a younger generation
than the calcite. The distortion takes place perpendicular to the
opposite faces of a cube (100) and 'varies in extent from an elonga-
tion of five times the cross section to thin acicular crystals some-
what resembling the acicular habit of millerite. Twinning occurs
parallel to the dodecahedral (no) face [fig. 3], giving rise to L and
T shaped crystals. Repeated twinning occurs in several cases.
Scepter crystals resembling those common to quartz were observed
in several instances, the relation between the acicular shaft and
the crowning individual being that shown in figure 4. Pyrite
dendrites of remarkable size and beauty occur in seams in the
limestone. These bear a marked resemblance to the arborescent
forms of native copper and may owe their origin to similar crys-
tallographic development.

Quartz. Crystallized quartz is found at Rondout for the most
part in detached crystals contained in the clay pockets of the
Manlius limestone which forms the hanging wall of the cement
beds. These exhibit in a great number of instances the phenome-
non of a clearly marked' inner crystal of smoky quartz surrounded
by a secondary layer of colorless quartz. These phantoms of
smoky quartz occasionally occur in series showing successive de-
posits of smoky and clear quartz. Small amounts of anthracite
were noted in the associated limestone. In many of the crystals
a marked tendency toward parallel grouping, very similar to the
occurrence of quartz at New Baltimore1, often results in cavernous
crystals which closely resemble those from Stony Point, N. C.

1N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 58, pi. 1.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY 7

Penetration twins on twinning axis c are quite common result-
ing in the forms shown in figures 5 and 6. Measurements of a
number of crystals yielded the following results:

ZONE (lOlo), (lOIl)
Forms Measured angle on 1010 Calculated angle on 1010

m

(6o6_5)

33°

IS'

33°

i3'

i

(3°3.2)

27

44i

27

42

i

(5o53)

25

iftft

25

i7

f

(4041)

ii

ii

ii

8

;;

(7i8i)

8°

So'

8°

52'

£

(1231)

24

59

25

5

S

'(iiai)

38

7

37

58

The presence of vicinal forms in the zone [1010.1011] inter-
fered materially with the measurement of this zone.

Calcite. The vein calcite of Rondout occurs, for the most part,
as a secondary deposit on dolomite and presents types of crystal-
lization of marked variety and unique development. The asso-
ciated pyrite which is here present in extremely minute crystals,
occurs in many cases included in the larger calcite individuals ar-
ranged along the crystallogenetic lines of the latter mineral in dis-
tinct bands on the surface of, or as phantoms within, the crystals
of the calcite. These structure lines as outlined by the pyrite in-
clusions are of notable interest in their relation to the development
of the calcite. Somewhat similar inclusions have been noted in
the calcite from Phoenixville Pa1. A careful study of some 200
specimens has led to the division of the observed combinations of
crystal forms into nine types, of which the second and third may,
be regarded as variations of the same type with respect to crystal
habit.

DISCUSSION OF TYPES

First type. The simple combination of the prism (1010) with
the rhombohedron (0112) which is the prevailing type throughout
the vein calcite of the Siluric limestones of the Hudson valley, is
here present in crystals which occasionally reach a diameter of 3
cm. As elsewhere noted in this region, this type appears to mark
a condition of regular and uninterrupted deposition as distinct from
the disturbed and brecciated vein structure characteristic of some
of the types to be ^subsequently discussed. The planes of the
rhombohedron e (0112) are dull whereas those of the prism are
fairly brilliant and marked with natural etchings. Twins occur
parallel to c (oooi).

1 Smith, J. L. Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2. 20:251.

8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Second type. The scalenohedron A (15.4.19.3) which is common
in crystals from this locality is developed in long, slender forms,
the brilliant faces of which give excellent reflections and are sus-
ceptible of exact measurements. The rhombohedron e (0112)
terminates this type [fig. 7]. Twins occur according to two laws,
parallel to c (oooi) and parallel to e (0112). The pyrite inclusions
observed in connection with crystals of this type take the form of
phantoms outlining the faces of a steep scalenohedron, possibly A
(15.4.19.3). The largest crystals of this type were 25 mm in length.

Third type. As in the preceding type the scalenohedron A
(15.4.19.3) and the rhombohedron e (0112) form the distinguish-
ing habit of this type, but developed in rather more equal propor-
tions, giving rise to crystals of rather blunter aspect. The basal
scalenohedral edges are beveled by the prism e (1120) and those
between the scaleonohedron and rhombohedron by the small tri-
angular faces of the rhombohedron M (0441), this latter being only
occasionally present. The basal plane c (oooi) is also occasionally
present in this type [fig. 8]. Twins are of frequent occurrence
parallel to c (oooi). The largest crystal noted measured 8 centi-
meters in length.

Fourth type. Crystals of this type, which were noted on but one
specimen, are of prismatic habit showing a (1120) terminated by
the rhombohedron e (0112) and modified by the positive scaleno-
hedron A (15.4.19.3) and the negative scalenohedron n (3.16.19.2)
[fig. 9]. Crystals are small but with bright faces giving fair re-
flections.

Fifth type. Crystals of the fifth type though by no means com-
mon were noted in a number of instances. • They are characterized
by the equal development of the rhombohedrons e (oii2)and y
(0441), the modifying form being the prevailing scalenohedron A
(15.4.19.3). The rhombohedrons of this type are notably striated
parallel to their intersection edges [fig. 10].

Sixth type. Crystals referable to this type are quite common,
being noted in as many as eight specimens. They are of rhombo-
hedral habit, the preponderance of the rhombohedron T (0.12.12.1)
(new) giving to them an aspect almost prismatic. The rhombo-
hedron / (0445) which with e (0112) terminates the type is of vari-
able development from a face equal to e (0112) in habit to a mere
line [fig. n]. Vicinal planes are frequent in crystals of this type
and are often present to such an extent as to modify the basal
edges to curved lines and give to the crystal the aspect shown in
figure 12.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY 9

Seventh type. Crystals of the seventh type are rhomhphedral in
aspect and present scalenohedrons of the zone [0112.1011.1120! as
shown in figure 13. Of these the faces composing the middle band
belong to the form v (6i7s) while those which, with the rhombo-
hedron e (oi~i2), form the termination are built up faces, probably
belonging to D (8.1.9.10) though the presence of vicinal planes and
striations render the measurements obtained from these_faces vague
and the form uncertain. The rhombohedron r (ion) and the
prism a (1120) also occur. The presence of pyrite inclusions ar-
ranged on the phantom faces of the rhombohedron a (ion) suggest
that crystals of this type were produced by a "building up" process
from secondary calcareous solutions upon primative, rhombohedral
crystals. Small amounts of galena and sphalerite were found as-
sociated with this phase of the Rondout calcite.

Eighth type. Crystals of this type are notably larger than those
heretofore described and are characterized by rather dull faces.
The combination shown in figure 14 which represents this phase
consists_of the positive scalenohedrons A (3142) Y (5382) and
© (10.3.13.2) terminated with the rhombohedron (0112). Of these
the scalenohedron A. (3142) is represented by dull and roughened
faces and the scalenohedron y (5382) is frequently absent from
crystals of this type. Pyrite inclusions are present on, or just
below, the surface of e (oiT2),_as distinct bands bisecting the sym-
metry along the edges of r (ion) and often terminating in brushes
[fig. 1 5] ; in some cases noted these bands were connected by lateral
extensions along the basal edges ofr (ion). Phantoms of opaque
white calcite which are shown on the cleavage and take the form
of the rhombohedron r (ion) suggest the secondary derivation of
this type from a simpler primitive crystal.

Ninth type. The rhombohedron r (ion) which gives to crystals
of this type a distinct rhombohedral habit, is represented by large
dull faces. The rhombohedron e (0112) which modifies the ter-
minal edges, and the prism a (1120) which modifies the basal edges
of r (ion) are present as narrow bright faces. The scalenohedron
A (15.4.19.3) is occasionally present as a modification represented
by small faces of medium brilliancy [fig. 16],

TWINNING

Twin crystals are quite frequent among the calcite forms from
Rondout, the common type being that formed with the twinning
plane parallel to c (oooi). Several instances were noted of crys-
tals of the second type twinned parallel to e (0112). Figure 17
shows a crystal of the first type twinned parallel to c (oooi) in-

IO

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

which the natural etchings present on the prismatic planes, em-
phasize the twinning habit. Figures 18 and 19 show twin crystals
of the second type twinned according to both laws mentioned
above. Figure 20 shows a twin crystal of the third type.

SUMMARY OF OCCURRING FORMS

Forms

First Second Third Fourth

Fifth

Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth

type

type

type

type

"type

type

type

type

type

OOOI

C

X

IOIO

m

X

,

II2O

a

X

X

X

X

IOII

r

|

X

X

OII2

e

X

X

x

X

X

X

X

X

X

Q44_5

I

X

0441 _

*n

X

0. 12. 12. 1

T

X

8.I.9.IO

D

X?

6l75

V

X

3J42

X

X

5.3-8.2.

T

X

10.3.13.2

Q

X

X

X

X

X

I5.4.I9-3

A

X

3.16.19.2

n

X

SUMMARY OF MEASURED AND CALCULATED ANGLES'*

~y /Y^ 7

oooi ^ ohhl

hkil ^ hikl

hkil 4 ikhl hkil ^ khil

X

T

[ : Z

oooi ^ ohhl

hkil ^ hikl

hkil^ ikhl

hkil £ khil

Forms

meas-

calcu-

meas-

calcu-

meas-

calcu-

meas-

calcu-

'

ured

lated

ured

lated

ured

lated

ured

lated

0112

e

45° 3'

45° 3'

0445

I

38° 6'

38° i6f

0441 _

•YI

75° 43'

75° 47'

0.12. 12. 1

Tb

85° i5

85° ioi

8.I.9.IO

D

7° 30'

7° 29*'

6 i"75

V

12° 4'

12° 0'

85° 54' 85° 59'

3 142

A.

24° 13'

24° 10'

66° 39'

66° 1 5$'

10.3.13.2

e

25° 19'

25° 5'

39° iSi'

39° 13'

15.4.19.3

A

95° 3'

95° 2'

22° 43'

22° 4l'

4i° 44'

41° 54'

3.16.19.2

n

16° 46'

16° 52'

44° 56'

44° 57*'

aThe scalenohedron (5382) was identified by means of measurements taken with a contact
oniometer. 6New.

CALCITE FROM UNION SPRINGS, CAYUGA CO.
In the summer of 1899 Dr John M. Clarke, then State Paleontol-
ogist, found at Union Springs some extremely interesting crystals
of calcite. Several specimens of these were sent to Yale Univer-

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY II

sity and were described by Messrs Penfield and Ford1. The writer
has found by a careful study of the bulk of the material collected
by Dr Clarke (some 70 specimens) some points of additional interest
not shown in the comparatively small amount of material avail-
able for the above article.

The calcite crystals under consideration occur in vein material
in the Onondaga limestone associated with saddle-shaped aggre-
gates of dolomite and more rarely with crystallized quartz. They
represent two generations, separated by a period in which dolomite
was deposited, of which the older consists of brilliant individuals
of extremely varied habit which are for the most part small, vary-
ing from 3 to 10 millimeters in length. One type of these crystals
of the first generation is represented in figure i, of the article by
Penfield and Ford, above cited.

The crystals of the second or younger generation are generally
larger in size than those of older deposition and are largely of scale-
nohedral type, showing a marked tendency to twinning according
to several laws. They are frequently of a dull surface and black
or dark gray in color as the result of bituminous inclusions. It is
these latter which have been Described at length by Penfield and
Ford.

The small brilliant crystals of the first generation contain frequent
inclusions of pyrite chalcopyrite and marcasite in microscopic in-
dividuals, the latter mineral in beautiful doubly terminated twin
crystals, specially prevalent in forms of the rhombohedral type.
Frequent zones of deposition of these inclusions occur which ren-
ders their aspect almost that of a phantom within the crystal.

Pyramidal type. The second order pyramid, y (8.8.16.3) is a
peculiarly dominant form in crystals from this locality, particu-
larly so with crystals of the first generation. In the type shown
in figure 21 which occurs in the lining of a thin seam, the form
occurs developed to the exclusion of all modifications except those
of the terminal rhombohedrons r (ion) and e (0112). These
crystals are exceedingly small, the largest not exceeding 4 milli-
meters in length and quite brilliant, giving very satisfactory reflec-
tions when measured.

The pyramidal type as shown in figure 21 is, in some cases,
modified by narrow faces in the prismatic zone, the type gradually
merging into the combination shown in figure 23 which may be
regarded as a transitional type between the pyramidal [fig. 21] and

1 Penfield. S. L. & Ford, W. C. Some Interesting Developments of Calcite Crystals. Am.
Jour. Sci. IQOO. 10:237-41.

12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the scalenohedral [fig. 25] types. In this series the combination
shown in figure 24 forms an additional link in the sequence of
development from the pyramidal to the scalenohedral types.

Regarding the genetic relationships of the members of this in-
teresting series, the writer can do little more than speculate. It
is, however, quite apparent, from its position, which is always that
of close proximity to the walls of the seam, that the pyramidal type
occupies the lowest place in the crystal development, representing
the oldest generation of calcite. It is equally certain that the
scalenohedral type is predominant in crystals of the second gen-
eration which might possibly have been, in a measure, derived
from the re-solution of the first generation of calcite. Between
these limits we find a variety of expressions of crystal habit which,
when considered with reference to the main facts above noted,
leads us to seek for the solution of the crystallogenetic problem
along several lines. It is the opinion of the writer that, in the
case of the Union Springs locality at least, development in crystal
habit is not dependent solely on chemical or physical differences
in the crystallizing solutions, but is further complicated by the
presence of external forces.

Occurring forms and combinations

As previously noted, the second order pyramid y (8.8.16.3) is of
characteristic occurrence in the Union Springs calcites, specially
in those of the first generation. It is present as a series of bril-
liant faces giving good reflections and only in the case of the pris-
matic crystals shown in figure 22 does it show any tendency toward
merging into vicinal planes. In the above exception there appear
traces of a steeper pyramid which could not, however, be identified
from the material at hand. Figure 22 shows a prismatic habit
which is clearly a phase of the second generation. The crystals
of this habit are considerably larger than those generally noted
from this locality, individuals 30 millimeters in length being not
uncommon. Inclusions of marcasite in microscopic crystals are
so plentiful as to render the calcite, which would otherwise be
transparent, quite translucent. These inclusions are distributed
along planes parallel to the rhombohedron r (1101). The planes
of a (1120) and y (8.8.16.3) are both sharp and brilliant as are
also, to a lesser degree, those of n (3.16.19.2). As has already been
shown1 the rare scalenohedron n (3.16.19.2) also occurs on crystals
of prismatic habit at Rondout. The planes of e (0112) are dull and

'See page 8.

. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY 13

those of m (1010) brilliant but somewhat rounded and covered
with vicinal prominences.

In the combination shown in figure 23 which is represented by
small, bright transparent crystals of the first generation, the pris-
matic zone is developed as a narrow band encircling the crystal,
both a (1120) and m (1010) being present. The second order
pyramid y (8.8.16.3) which is here present as a characteristic
form is beveled on alternate edges by the positive rhombohedron
M(404i)lying in the zone [8.8.16.3. 16.8.8.3]. A new scalenohedron
X (81.41.122.40) very near the common v (2131), is present as a
prominent form. This combination is quite similar to that figured
by Penfield and Ford1; it is common on a number of specimens
and, as previously noted, appears genetically to form a connecting
link between the pyramidal type of the first generation and the
scalenohedral type of the second.

Figure 24 shows a combination which mainly differs from the
preceding in that the scalenohedron vl (7.4.11.3) takes the place of
X as a predominating form, the latter form being present only as
a subsidiary modification and frequently passing into the commoner
form, v (2131). This combination is distinctly scalenohedral in
habit and occurs mingled with secondary crystals of the form
shown in figure 25 which latter frequently shows the suppression
of the pyramid y. The type shown in figure 26 is found in crystals
of the second generation which occur deposited on a thin layer of
first generation calcite of rhombohedral habit [see figure 28]. These
differ from all which have been previously described in two essen-
tial characteristics: they are opaque and milky white in color and
show a complete absence of all marcasite or pyrite inclusions. In
crystallization this type is also unique showing the scalenohedron
U (10.4.14.3) in the zone [4041.8.8.16.3] as a highly developed form.
A negative rhombohedron rj (0441) is present as a narrow face
beveling the alternate pyramidal edges. M, X, r and y are all
present as bright, well defined faces.

The rhombohedron r (ion) which is present as a modification
on the combinations shown in figures 21, 23, 24, 26 is developed
to the extent of a crystal habit in the case of the types shown in
figures 27 and 28 which represent crystals of the first generation.
Of these figure 27 may be regarded as a rhombohedral phase of
figure 23_showing an- additional scalenohedron C (6178) in the zone
[0112. 1011.1120]. The crystals, which contain the marcasite in-

^enfield, S. L. & Ford, W, E. Some Interesting Developments of Calcite Crystals.
Am. Jour. Sci. 1900, 10: 237, fig. i.

14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

elusions characteristic of the younger calcite in this locality, often
show elongation parallel to the rhombohedral zone assuming a
somewhat prismatic aspect. They apparently fill a gap in the
genetic series between the pyramid scalenohedral habit [fig. 23]
and the distinctly rhombohedral habit shown in figure 28.

Crystals of this last type [fig. 28] occur in a loosely compacted
mass deposited on a layer of crypto-crystalline carbonate of lime
occupying the space between the crystallized calcite and the lime-
stone wall of the cavity or vug to the depth of about 5 milli-
meters. The calcite crystals are piled upon this crystalline layer
to the depth of from 10 to 15 millimeters, the largest individuals
lying in the top layers. The order and manner of deposition sug-
gest the possible derivation from a solution which originally com-
pletely filled the space and deposited its dissolved carbonate of
lime first from a rapidly then from a slowly cooling medium. The
crystals of this type which are remarkably clear, brilliant and well
developed, range in size from 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter. All
the faces give excellent reflections. The middle edges of the
rhombohedron r (ion) are beveled by the scalenohedron X
(81.41.122.40) which throughout this occurrence replaces the com-
mon form v (2131) which it approaches very closely. It was only
after repeated measurement of a number of crystals, both of this
and of the foregoing types that the form was considered as estab-
lished. The prism a (1120) is present as a small face in this zone.
In the zone of the pyramidal faces [16.8.8.3.8.8.16.3] occur the
forms M (4041) and S' (19.10.29.6) both lying well within the zone
and agreeing as to measured angles well within the limits of ac-
curacy.

The twin crystals of the second generation have been so amply
described by Messrs Penfield and Ford that there is little to add.
The twin crystal shown in figure 29 occurs on several specimens
in milky individuals of about 20 millimeters diameter, which sug-
gest in their rather peculiar development the familiar types oc-
curring at Rossie, St Lawrence co1.

Figure 30 shows the prevailing type of scalenohedral twin, the
habit being that of the scalenohedron v. (7.4.11.3) and the twin-
ning plane parallel to \he rhombohedron e (0112). The reentrant
angle or "gash" is chiefly formed by the planes of y (8.8.16.3)
and m (1010).

'Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their Localities. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 4.
1888.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY

SUMMARY OF MEASURED AND CALCULATED ANGLES

"

oooiAh.h.ah.l

h.h.2hlA .X__

2h.h.h.l hkilAhikl

Y
hkilAikhl

z

hkilAkhil

Meas-

Calcu-

Meas-

Calcu-, Meas-

Calcu-

Meas-

Calcu-

Meas-

Calcu-

ured

lated

ured

lated ured

lated

ured

lated

ured

lated

8.8.7^3 y

6178 1 C

77° 48'

77° 37'

58° 25'

S8° 28'
59° 44'

59° 46'

9° 37'

9° 3i'

a

2131 \V

75° i?'

75° 14'

35° 36'

35° 36'

47° 7'

47° i ¥

a

81.41.122.40

A'i

35° 52' 36° oo'

46° 21'

46° 20'

b

7.4.11.3

vr

40° i" 40° 4' 39° 2'

39° ii'

a

19.10.29.6

5'

38° 10' 38° 33'|33° i?'

33° 28'

a

3.16.19.2. n

X

17° 4'ji6° 52'

44° 32'

44° 57*':

aFound also on calcite from Rhisnes.

bNew.

The prevalence of the rare pyramid y (8.8.16.3) throughout the
varied types of calcite crystals occurring at Union Springs has led
the writer to compare these latter with the types presenting this
form, which have been noted at other localities. The pyramid y
(8.8.16.3) is found in the calcite at Rhisnes, about 4500 meters
northeast of Namurs in Belgium1, at Andreasberg in the Hartz2 and
in the Bad Lands of South Dakota3. Regarding the crystals from
Rhisnes, Cesaro has noted not only the pyramid y (8.8.16.3) above
mentioned, but also the forms M (4041), y (0441), v (2131) and S'.
(19.10.29.6) as well as the occurrences of the prismatic zone [1120.-
1010]. Several of his types are identical in form and habit with
figures 21 and 23 as well as a twin crystal similar to figure 30.
Cesaro finds evidence that many of the crystals from Rhisnes of
the first generation have been formed around a parent crystal hav-
ing y (8.8.16.3) as the dominant form.

He announces a theory of genesis of these crystals as follows:

The examination of these crystals has led us to the conclusion
that they have been formed encircling a pre-existing second order
pyramid and were deposited by the action of three successive
mediums: the first producing pyramidal types, the second forming
around the first a combination the faces of which are truncations
of the lateral edges of y, the third depositing around the second
stage a crystal having for fundamental form scalenohedrons of the
zone [1011.1120],

This sequence of generation appears to agree perfectly with that
already given on page 12 with reference to the Union Springs cal-
cites. The truncation of the lateral edges being produced in the
latter instance by the rhombohedron M (4041) as shown in

1 Cesaro, G. Les Formes Cristallines de la Calcite de Rhisnes. Ann. de la Soc. Geol. de
Belorique 1889. 16:163.

2 vqm Rath, G. PORK. Annalen 1867. 138:521.

8 Penfield. S. L. & Ford. W. E. Siliceous Calcites from the Bad Lands, Washington County,
S. D. Am. Jour. Sci. 1900. 9:332.

1 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

figure 23. Certainly the occurrence of such similarity in crystal
habit involving one or more rare forms can not be set down as a
mere coincidence and when, as will be presently pointed out, the
geological conditions show a corresponding similarity at the two
localities, we are led to connect the two phenomena.

At Andreasberg the pyramid Y was first noted by vom Rath
in 1867. Sansoni1 in 1884 failed to find this pyramid, but as pointed
out by Cesaro, the doubtful scalenohedron (7.8.15.4) given by
Sansoni approaches very near the pyramid (8.8.16.3) in intercepts
and is probably the same. The latter compares the forms of the
Rhisnes calcites with those found by Sansoni at Andreasberg and
points out several interesting similarities.

Both Rhisnes and Andreasberg lie in the horizon of the Devonic
and Upper Carbonic rocks and present the phase of subordinate
beds of limestone overlaid by graywacke, clay slate, silicious slate
and quartzite. In the vicinity of Andreasberg, these strata are
frequently broken through by granite masses2. These conditions
show a marked analogy to those existing at Union Springs, where
the limestone beds are overlaid by the shale and silicious slate of
the Marcellus and Hamilton groups and show evidences of con-
siderable local disturbance. The limestone on which the Union
Springs pyramidal calcite crystals are deposited is unique in that
the silicious residue obtained from its solution consists of minute
but perfectly formed quartz crystals, As pointed out by Pen-
field and Ford3 pyramidal crystals of calcite, of the form (8.8.16.3)
and containing nearly 50% quartz sand, have been found in the
Bad Lands of South Dakota. It would, therefore, appear that in
at least two localities producing this rare pyramid as a crystal
habit, the occurrence is marked by the presence of silica under
rather unusual circumstances. When we add to this fact the
equally significant one that the formations at Union Springs and
at the Belgium and Hartz localities show in each instance dis-
turbed limestone beds overlaid by strata rich in silica we would
seem to have reason for connecting the pyramidal habit of calcite
with a crystallizing solution carrying silica in quantities approach-
ing saturation.

CALCITE FROM HOWES CAVE

Calcite occurs at Howes Cave, Schoharie county, N. Y. in bril-
liant transparent crystals filling or partly filling the veins in the
Rondout limestone. The specimens which form the basis for the

1 Sansoni. Alt. Ace. Line. Mem. 3. 1884. 19:450.

2 Phillips, J. A. & Louis, Henry. A Treatise on Ore Deposits. 1896. p. 384.

3 Penfield, S. L. & Ford, W. E. Silicious Calcites from the Bad Lands, Washington County
S. D. Am. Jour. Sci. 1900. 9:352

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY 17

following notes were collected by the writer, through the courtesy
of the Helderberg Cement Co., from the mine which furnishes
natural cement rock to this company. The crystals which vary
in size from 40 millimeters in diameter to microscopic individuals
are of uniform habit and jire invariably characterized by a marked
twinning parallel to e (01^2). They are frequently associated with
tufted aggregates of acicular aragonite which appears, in one
instance at least, to have been derived from the re-solution of the
calcite. In the instance noted a geodic mass almost completely
filled with crystallized calcite yielded on fracture several fine tufts
of aragonite deposited on calcite crystals of the prevailing habit
which latter were found to be deeply pitted with natural etchings.
Calcite crystals of a second type were found in the Helderberg
limestone, overlying the Rondout, lining the fossil remains of
Rhynchonella wilsoni with which portions of this forma-
tion are thickly studded. These latter differ somewhat from the
type of the principal occurrence and will be discussed as a supple-
mentary type.

The crystals of the principal type shown in figure 31 exhibit a
complex combination of forms occurring in several clearly defined
zones; the relation of these is shown in the spherical projection

[fig. 33].

Rhombohedrons. The rhombohedron r (ion) infrequently pres-
ent alternating with the low scalenohedron q (5167) which latter,
although clearly defined, is without question a built up form more
or less vicinal in character. The planes of r are smooth but rather
dull. The rhombohedrons M (4041) and r (7071) occur as nar-
row but extremely brilliant faces, giving excellent reflections and
beveling the edges of U (10.4.14.3) and V (6281) respectively.
In the zone with these is also found the negative rhombohedron
$> (0.14.14.1) occurring as small triangular faces of fine brilliancy.

The rhombohedron e (0112) is universally present as brilliant
faces which make excellent points of reference in this zone.

Scalenohedrons. As previously noted the scalenohedron q (5167)
is present in many instances as a built up form with deeply striated
faces giving poor reflections. The basal edges of q are modified by
the common scalenohedron v (2131) the obtuse polar edges of
which are terminated by the scalenohedrons U (10.4.14.3) and V
(6281). Owing to the fact that the indexes of these latter forms
are quite near those of v and to one another their intersection
edges are not distinctly marked, the successions of forms tending
to produce a slight rounding of the crystal toward the rhombo-

l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

hedral zone. Excellent reflections were, however, obtained from
all of these scalenohedrons and the closeness in agreement of the
observed angles with theoretical values, taken, together with the
fact that the rhombohedrons M and T, which truncate the polar
edges of U and V respectively, lie well in the zones of these faces,
establish their identity beyond peradventure. The negative scalen-
ohedron N (4.16.20.3) which is invariably present is characterized
by small, sharp and brilliant faces.

Twinning. A very marked tendency toward twinning parallel
to the plane e (0112) results in the production of thin flat exten-
sions of one individual of the pair and the formation of a deep
reentering angle as shown in figure 32. So common is this form
of twinning that it is rarely absent from crystals of this occurrence
to which it gives a distinct character. Twinning according to
this* law is common in calcite crystals and examples of it may be
found in almost every important occurrence. The abnormal
extension of one member of the twin above noted is, however,
unique and seems to indicate a metagenic rather than a paragenic
mode of twinning.

The calcite crystals found in the fossil remains ofRhynchonella
w i 1 s o n i show combinations of the supplementary type illustrated
in figures 34 and 35. The crystals though small are remarkably
brilliant and give excellent reflections in all zones. Of the ob-
served forms M (4041), e (0112), r (ion) and^ (2131) are common
to the crystals previously described from the underlying beds of the
Rondout limestone. The scalenohedrons are all of the zone
[0112.1011]. The scalenohedron E (4156), here replaces q of
the principal type. This form appears as a series of well developed
planes having none of the vicinal characters which mark the de-
velopment of q of the principal type. The scalenohedron A (3142)
occurs as a series of narrow faces between v and r. Traces of the
characteristic twinning which mark the crystals of the principal
type are here noted; the twinning tendency is, however, very weak
and only finds expression in an occasional shallow reentering
"gash."

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY IQ
SUMMARY OF MEASURED AND CALCULATED ANGLES

X

Y

z

ooo iAhoh.1

hkil Ahi kl

h k il A i k hi

h k i 1 A k h 1 1

Meas-

Calcu-

Meas-

Calcu-

Meas-

Calcu-

Meas-

Calcu-

ured

lated

ured

lated

ured

lated

ured

lated

7o7i

r

82° 3'

81° 45*'

4041

M

75° 46'

75° 47'

ion

r

44° 44'

44° 37'

0.14.14.1

$

85° 54'

85° Si*'

OII2

e

26° 14*'

26° 15'

aiji

V

75° 27'

75° 22'

35° 28'

35° 36'

46° 56'!47° I*'

3M2

A

66° 17'

66° is*'

4iS6

E

54° 9'

54° 7'

13° 12'

13° 3i'

10.4.14.3

U

"

31° il'

31° 16'

38° So'

38° 49'

6.2.8.1

V

27° 26'

27° 31'

35° 43'

35° 52'

4.16.20.3

N

21° 29' 21° 30/|420 20'

42° 27'

DATOLITE FROM WESTFIELD MASS.

In February 1905 the State Museum acquired by exchange
from Mr R. F. Jones a number of specimens of datolite from Lane's
trap quarry near Westfield Mass. As the quality of this occurrence
far exceeds that of the datolite hitherto described from this region,
in size, beauty and complexity of crystallization, the writer has
added the following notes to the foregoing descriptions of New
York minerals in the hope that the unusual interest attached to
these crystals will prove sufficient excuse for such an extralimital
digression.

The datolite occurs in veins in a diabase which shows evidence
of considerable folding and decomposition, particularly along the
walls of the vein where it is entirely replaced by prochlorite. The
crystals which in some instances measure 10 cm. on the b axis
are deposited on a thin layer of calcite. They are cut through by
deep parallel furrows due to the former presence of mica which
has been dissolved away leaving the cast, partly filled with calcite
of a later generation; fragments of this mica, highly altered, were
found in place. In color the crystals are whiter than those from
the New Jersey trap region which they strongly resemble in crystal
habit. The presence of second generation calcite of the form /
(0221), which also occurs associated with the datolite from West
Paterson, gives added significance to this similarity. The faces

20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

are almost universally sharp and brilliant and fall well within
several clearly marked zones, greatly facilitating the ease and
accuracy of their identification.1

Cleavage was noted parallel to a, quite perfect, and parallel to
c, somewhat less so ; the measured angles gave m A a (cleavage) =
32° i8J', and g A c (cleavage) = 19° 18', the calculated value for
these angles being 32° 23^' and 19° 22' respectively.

Figures 37 and 38 represent the prevailing crystal habit, the
disposition of the planes in zones being shown in the spherical pro-
jection, figure 36. The intersection of zones in the plus half of
the projection is specially interesting. Three new hemipyramids
were observed in zone [001.140] as narrow faces beveling the edges
between jthe clino_ dome g (012) and three prominent hemipyra-
mids e (112), A (ii3)_and /u, (114) in the zonefooi.no]. These
gave the indexes 148, 149 and 1.4.10 respectively and were assigned
the letters e', A/ and //,' '. A plane in the zone [001.120] which is
quite prominent in these crystals gave the indexes 122 and is noted
in the text and projections as M. An enlarged projection of a
portion of one of the typical crystals drawn in reversed position
to show the disposition of these rare planes is given in figure 39.

Pinacoids. The three pinacoids a ,(ioo) ; b, (oio) and c (ooi) are
commonly present, the two former as brilliant faces and the latter
as a somewhat dull series. The clinopinacoid b which is present
as a very narrow face serves as an excellent plane of reference in
orienting the crystal.

Prisms. The faces in the prismatic zone are characterized by
considerable brilliancy. The prisms m (no) and o (120) are
commonly present; r (230) was noted in two instances on quite
small crystals.

Domes. In the zone of the hemiorthodomes % (102) is promi-
nent giving to the combination a habit very similar to the Bergen
Hill and West Paterson occurrences; v (103) is often absent. The
presence of one or more hemidomes between a and x was noted in
several instances, but the faces were so minute and ill defined that
it was impossible to obtain any definite measurements from them.

The zone of the clinodomes is, on the other hand, very well
developed, showing m (on), g (012), t (013) and O (018), the
latter sometimes present.

1 In measuring the dull faces, notably 012 and 018 in the zone of the clinodomes and 103 in
the zone of the orthodomes, the method of placing a drop of alcohol on the dull face was success-
fully used to obtain a clear reflection of the goniometer signal. The face was brought into
approximate position and moistened by a drop of alcohol applied by means of a dropping tube.
The curved surface of the. drop at first gives the effect of a series of multiple images; these,
however, as the drop reduces in thickness by evaporation, gradually merge to a center and at
the instant preceding complete evaporation combine in a clear and bright image of the signal.
The writer finds this expedient more satisfactory than the usual method of a cemented cover
glass and suggests it for crystals not soluble in alcohol.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MINERALOGIC LABORATORY

21

Pyramids. The hemipyramids of the zone [001.110] form a
regular series universally present as well defined planes ; of these n
(in), v (in) and e (112) are particularly well developed. The
hemipyramids A (113),^ (114) and K (115) are represented by
relatively narrow faces often showing natural etchings. In the
zone [001.120] the planes of the hemipyramids Q (122), (3 (121),
M (122), i (123) and a .(124) are represented by small narrow
faces beveling the edges between the planes of the clinodome zone
and those of the zone [ooi.no]. They were for_the most part
identified by zone equasions. The rare faces (148), (149) and
(1.4.10) have been already noted in the zone [001.140]. This
series of planes gave fair reflections and were measured on five crystals,
the results agreeing with theory within the limits of accuracy.

Twinning was observed on one crystal 8 centimeters in length
on the b axis. This crystal which is shown in figure 40 is a pene-
tration twin parallel to a (100); having c for the twinning axis.
The larger individual is of the snowy white color, which is common
to the occurrence and which suggests the color of cryolite; the
smaller individual which is shown protruding from this last is
light greenish in color, transparent and resembles the typical
Bergen Hill datolite.

A list of the occurring forms with the measured and calculated
angles is given below.

SUMMARY OF OCCURRING FORMS, MEASURED AND CALCULATED ANGLES

Zone [a. c]

Measured Calculated

a 100

ax

45° o' 45° o

X 102

ex

44 53 44 Si

V

103

cv

33 46 33 35

C 001

Zone [c.b]

b

OIO

bmx

38° IS'

38° 18*'

7WX

on

mxm'x

103 16

103 23

g

012

gg'

64 37

64 39i

t

013

mxg

19 22

19 22

n

018

gt

9 26

9 27*

to,

13 43

i3 S3

Zone [a.m]

m

no

ant

32° 25*' 32° 23*'

0

I2O

ao

Si 5o

Si 45i

r 230

or

8 12

8 10

22

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Zone [m.n.e]

n

III

nm

22° 54'

22° 56'

V

III

mv

22 56

22 57

€

112

VE

17 i8J

17 21

A

US

tA

ii 3°i

ii 33

M

114

A/*

7 36

7 4o

K

us

/*K-

5 13

5 i7

[Zone [fi.o.a]

Q

ft

a

i

M

122
121
124
I_23
122

oft

Wlyfl,

3i° 47'
i7 13
28 19

3i° 48'
i7 13*

Zone [r.<

it

231

TTt \

10° 29' 1

10° 15'

Zone [g.s]

*

748

ge
ge'

g<*

39° 59'
ii 46
22 45

40° 10'
ii 54

22 5l

Zone [g.A]

*'

149

&

32° 59'
ii 26

32° 45'
ii 19$

Zone [g./*]

"

I.4.IO

%

29° n'
ii 28

29° 13'

II 21

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

PLATE i

24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1 Marcasite from Rondout showing prevailing habit of crystals.
Forms: c (ooi), m (no), e (101), / (on), S (in).

2 Marcasite from Rondout, showing repeated twinning. Forms:
c (ooi), m (no), e (101), I (on). Figures i and 2 are shown
with b axis vertical.

3 Pyrite from Rondout, showing cube twinned parallel to (no),
producing L-shaped form.

4 Pyrite from Rondout, showing seepter crystal.

5,6 Quartz from Rondout, showing penetration twins on twinning
axis c. Forms: m (1010), r (1011), m (6065), i (5053), z
(0111), 5 (1121), v (7181), c (1231).

7 Calcite from Rondout showing crystals of the second type.
Forms: A (15.4.19.3), e (0112).

8 Calcite from Rondout showing crystal_of the third type. Forms :
c (oooi), a (1120), e (0112) A (15.4.19.3).

Plate i

PLATE 2

-6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

9 Calcite from Rondout, showing crystal of the fourth type (pris-
matic habit). Forms: a (1120), e (0112), A (15.4.19.3), n
(3.16.7^.2).

10 Calcite from Rondout, showing crystal of the fifth type. Forms :
e (0112), rj (0441), A (15.4.19.3).

1 1 Calcite from Rondout showing crystal of the sixth type. Forms :
e (0112), / (0445), T (0.12.12.1), the latter form is new to the
species.

12 Calcite from Rondout, showing variation of the sixth type.
The presence of vicinal planes in the zone of the negative
rhombohedrons produce highly curved faces.

13 Calcite from^Rondout, showing^ crystal of_ the • seventh type.
Forms: r (io7i), e (0112), v (6175),!) (8.1.9.10) (?).

14 Calcite from Rondout, showing crystal of the eighth type.
Forms: e (oiT2), X (3142), Y (53^2), 0 (10.3.13.2).

Plate 2

10

11

12

14

13

PLATE 3

28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

15 Calcite from Rondout, showing the development of pyrite in-
clusions on crystals of the eighth type.

1 6 Calcite from Rondout, showing crystal of the ninth type (rhom-
bohedral habit). Forms: a (1120), r (lore), e (01^), A
(15.4.19.3).

17-20 Calcite from Rondout showing twin crystals. Figure 19
is drawn with the twinning plane e (0112) vertical.

Plate 3

15

16

18

17

19

20

PLATE 4

30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

21 Calcite from Union Springs, showing crystals of the pyramidal
type characteristic of the first generation. Forms: y (8.8.16.3),
r (ion), e (0112).

22 Calcite from Union Springs, showing crystal of prismatic habit
marking one phase of the second generation. Forms: m (1010),
a (1120), y (8.8.16.3), n (3.16.19.2).

23 Calcite from Union Springs, showing crystal of transitional
habit between pyramidal forms of the first generation [fig. 2 1]
and scalenohedral forms of the second [fig. 25]. Forms_:_w
1010), a (1120), y (8.8.16.3), r (ion), M (4041), X (81.41.122.-
40) ; the latter scalenohedron is new to the species.

24 Calcite from Union Springs, showing crystal of scalenohedral
habit characteristic of the second generation, but with subsidi-
ary development of the predominating forms of figure_23.
Forms: m (ioio),y (8.8.16.3), r (ion), m (4041), X (81.41.122.-
40), vt (7.4.11.3).

2 5 Calcite from Union Springs showing crystal of distinctly scaleno-
hedral habit. This combination is typical_of the second gener-
ation. Forms: m (1010), a (1120), M (4041), v/ (7.4.11.3).

26 Calcite from Union Springs showing milky white crystal of
second generation occurring with first generation crystals of
rhombohedral habit [fig. 28.] Forms: m (1010), y (8.8.16.3),
r (ion). M (4041), 77 (0441), X (81.41.122.40), U (10.4.14.3).

21

Plate 4

22

PLATE 5

32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

27 Calcite from Union Springs, showing crystal of the first genera-
tion, transitional in habit between the pyramid-scalenohedral
type [Fig. 23], and the rhombohedra^ type [fig._ 28], Forms:
m (1010), a (ii2o)2_y (8.8.16.3), r (ion), M (4041), e (0112), C
(6178), X (81.41.122.40). .

28 Calcite from Union Springs, showing crystal of the first genera-
tion_ of rhombohedral habit. Forms :_a (1120), y (8.8.^.3),
r (ion), M (4041), e (0112), X (81.41.122.40), 5' (19.10.29.6).

29 Calcite from Union Springs, showing milky crystal of the second
generation twinned parallel to c. Forms: a (1120), r (ion),
M (4041).

30 Calcite from Union Springs, showing the prevailing type of
scalenohedral twin of the second generation. This combina-
tion is drawn with the twinning plane 0 (01 1 2) vertical. Forms :
m (1010), 7 ($.8.16.3),^ (7.4.11.3).

31 Calcite from Howes Cave, showing principal type of crystal.
Forms: M (4041)^ (7071), 3> (0.14.14.1), e (0112), q (5167),
v (2131), U (10.4.7413), V (62~8i), N (4.i6.~2O~.3).

32 Calcite from Howes Cave, showing a characteristic penetration
twin.

Plate 5

29

31

28

30

PLATE 6

34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

33 Calcite from Howes Cave. Spherical projection showing zonal
relations of forms of principal type.

34 Calcite from Howes Cave showing supplementary type found
in fossil remains of Rhynchone_lla wil_soni. Forms :
r (1011), M (4041), E (4156), A (3142), v (2131).

35 Calcite from Howes Cave. Basal projection of figure 34.

34

35

PLATE 7

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

36 Datolite from Westfield Mass. Stereographic projection show-
ing zonal relations of occurring forms.

37 Datolite from Westfield Mass., showing typical crystal habit.
Forms: a (100), % (102), v (103), c (ooi), b (oio), mx (on), g
(012), t (013), O (018), m (no), o (120), n (in), v (in), e
(112), A. (113), n (114), K (7i5), Q (122), 0 (121), a (724),
i (123), M (122), c' (148), A.' (149), // (1.4.10); the last three
are new to the species.

38 Datolite from Westfield Mass. Basal projection of figure 37.

39 Datolite from Westfield Mass., enlarged projection of a portion
of figure 37, viewed in reversed position to show the position
of the new planes.

40 Datolite from Westfield Mass. Penetration twin parallel to
a (100) ; having c for the twinning axis. The faces g and a are
composition planes.

Plate 7

New York State Education Department
New York State Museum

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for 1897 may be had for 400; 1899 for 200; 1900 for 500. Since 1 90 1 these reports have been
issued as bulletins [see Bo 5-8].

Descriptions and illustrations of edible, poisonous and unwholesome fungi of New York have
also been published in volumes i and 3 of the 48th (1894) museum report and in volume i of
the 49th (1895), 5ist (1897), Sad (1898), 54th (1900), 55th (1901), s6th (1902), 57th (1903) and
58th (1904) reports. The descriptions and illustrations of edible and •unwholesome species
contained in the 49th, 5ist and 52d reports have been revised and rearranged, and, combined
with others more recently prepared, constitute Museum memoir 4.j ^ . ^ ^ +^_

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

Museum bulletins 1887— date. O. To advance subscribers, $2 a year or 500
a year for those of any one division: (i) geology, economic geology, miner-
alogy, (2) general zoology, archeology and miscellaneous, (3) paleontology,
(4) botany, (5) entomology.
Bulletins are also found with the annual reports of the museum as follows :

Bulletin

Repor

G i

48, v

2

51, v

3

52, v

4

54, v

5

56, v

6

57, v

Eg 5,6

48, v

7

50, V

8

53, v

9

54, v

10

" V

ii

^6 v '

M 2

" v

3

57, v

Pa i

54, v

Bulletin

Repor

Pa 2,3

54,' -3

4

^ t

5,6

55, •

7-9

56, .

10

57, .

Z 3

53, •

4

5((4, -

S-7

8

55, •

9

56, .

10

57, •

En 3

48, .

4-6

52, .

7-9

53, v.

10

54, v.

Bulletin

Report Bulletin

Report

En ii

54,

3 Ar 3

52, .1

12, 13

4 4

54. -i

14

55,

i 5

• 3

15-18

56,

3 6

55, -i

19

3,7'

, pt 2 7

56, .4

20

8

57, -2

21

"

" 9

" V.2

22

"

Ms i, 2

56, v. 4

Bo 3

52,

4

53,

Memoir

5

55,

2

49, v. 3

6

56,

3,4

53, v.2

Ar I

57,
So,

5,6

7

5,7, v. 3
v.4

2

Si,

The figures in parenthesislin the following list indicate the bulletin's number as a New York
State Museum bulletin. '

Geology. Gi (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town-
ships, Essex Co. N. Y., with notes on the iron mines. 38p. 7pl. 2 maps.

Sep. 1895. loc.
G2 (19) Merrill, F: J. H. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections

of the New York State Museum. i62p. uppl. map. Nov. 1898. \_5oc\
GS (21) Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. 24p. ipl. map.

Sep. 1898. $c.
64 (48) Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County and

Borough of Queens. 58p. il. 9pl. map. Dec. 1901. 250.
G5 (56) Merrill, F: J. H. Description of the State Geologic Map of 1901.

42p. 2 maps, tab. Oct. 1902. loc.
G6 (77) Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Vicinity of Little Falls, Herkimer

Co. 98p. il. i5pl. 2 maps. Jan. 1905. 300.
G7 (83) Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of the Mooers Quadrangle.

62p. 25pl. map. June 1905. 250.
G8 (84) Ancient Water Levels of the Champlain and Hudson Valleys.

2o6p. i ipl. 18 maps. July 1905. 45c.
Gp (95) Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Northern Adirondack Region.

i88p. i5pl. 3 maps. Sep. 1905. joe.

Ogilvie, I. H. Geology of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle. In press.
Economic geology. Egi (3) Smock, J : C. Building Stone in the State of

New York. i52p. Mar. 1888. Out of print.
Eg2 (7) - - First Report on the Iron Mines and Iron Ore Districts in

the State of New York. 6 -f 7op. map. June 1889. Out of print.
Eg3 (10) - - Building Stone in New York. 2iop. map, tab. Sep. 1890.

4oc.
Eg4 (ii) Merrill, F: J. H. Salt and Gypsum Industries of New York. 92p.

i2pl. 2 maps, utab. Ap. 1893. \_5oc\
Eg5 (12) Ries, Heinrich. Clay Industries of New York. i74p. 2pl. map.

Mar. 1895. 3oc.
Eg6 (15) Merrill, F: J. H. Mineral Resources of New York. 224p.

2 maps. Sep. 1895. \.5oc]
Eg7 (17) Road Materials and Road Building in New York. 52p. i4pl.

2 maps 34x45, 68x92 cm. Oct. 1897. i$c.

Maps separate loc each, two for ifc.

(30) Orton, Edward. Petroleum and Natural Gas in New York. i36p.
il. 3 maps. Nov. 1899. i^c.

(35) Ries, Heinrich. Clays of New York; their Properties and Uses.
456p. i4opl. map. June 1900. $i, cloth.
Egio (44) - - Lime and Cement Industries of New York; Eckel, E. C.
Chapters on the Cement Industry. 332p. loipl. 2 maps. Dec. 1901.
Sfc, cloth.
Egn (61) Dickinson, H. T. Quarries of Bluestone and other Sandstones

in New York. io8p. i8pl. 2 maps. Mar. 1903. 35^.

Egi2 (85) Rafter, G: W. Hydrology of New York State. 902p. il. 44pl.
5 maps. May 1905. $1.50, cloth.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Egi3 (93) Newland, D. H. Mining and Quarry Industry of New York.

78p. July 1905. 150.

McCourt, W. E. Fire Tests of Some New York Building Stones. In press.
Mineralogy. Mi (4) Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their

Localities. 2 op. ipl. Aug. 1888. [ioc]
M2 (58) Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogic Collections of the New

York State Museum. i5op. il. 39pl. n models. Sep. 1902. 400.
MS (70) - - New York Mineral Localities, nop. Sep. 1903. 2oc.
M4 (98) - — Contributions from the Mineralogic Laboratory. 38p. 7pl.

Dec. 1905. 150.

Paleontology. Pai (34) Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of East-
ern Montgomery County; Prosser, C: S. Notes on the Stratigraphy of
Mohawk Valley and Saratoga County, N. Y. 74p. lopl. map. May
1900. i$c.

Pa2 (39) Clarke, J: M.; Simpson, G: B. & Loomis, F: B. Paleontologic
Papers i. 72p. il. i6pl. Oct. 1900. 150.

Contents: Clarke, J: M. A Remarkable Occurrence of Orthoceras in the Oneonta Beds of
the Chenango Valley, N. Y.

Paropsonema cryptophya; a Peculiar Echinoderm from the Intumescens-^zone

(Portage Beds) of Western New York.

Dictyonine Hexactinellid Sponges from the Upper Devonic of New York.

The Water Biscuit of Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.

Simpson, G: B. Preliminary Descriptions of New Genera of Paleozoic Rugose Corals.
Loomis, F: B. Siluric Fungi from Western New York.

Pa3 (42) Ruedemann, Rudolf. Hudson River Beds near Albany and their
Taxonomic Equivalents. ii4p. 2pl. map. Ap. 1901. 250.

Pa4 (45) Grabau, A. W. Geology and Paleontology of Niagara Falls and
Vicinity. 286p. il. i8pl. map. Ap. IQOI. 6$c; cloth, poc.

Pas (49) Ruedemann, Rudolf; Clarke, J : M. & Wood, Elvira. Paleon-
tologic Papers 2. 24op. i3pl. Dec. 1901. 400.
Contents: Riiedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of Rysedorph Hill.
Clarke, J : M. Limestones of Central and Western New York Interbedded with Bituminous

Shales of the Marcellus Stage.

Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co. N. Y.
Clarke, J: M. New Agelacrinites.

Value of Amnigenia as an Indicator of Fresh-water Deposits during the Devonic of New

York, Ireland and the Rhineland.

Pa6 (52) Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1901. 28op. il.

9pl. map, i tab. July 1902. 400.
Pay (63) Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples Quadrangles.

78p. map. June 1904. 250.
Pa8 (65) - — Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils in the New

York State Museum. 848p. May 1903. -$1.20, cloth.
Pa9 (69) — — Report of the State Paleontologist 1902. 464p. S2pl. 8 maps.

Nov. 1903. $i, cloth.
Paio (80) Report of the State Paleontologist 1903. 396p. 2opl. map.

Feb. 1905. 8$c, cloth.
Pan (81) & Luther, D. D. Watkins and Elmira Quadrangles. 3ap.

map. Mar. 1905. 2$c.
Pai2 (82) Geologic Map of the Tully Quadrangle. 4op. map. Ap. 1905.

20C.

Luther, D. D. Geology of the Buffalo Quadrangle. In press.

Grabau ,_ A. W. Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of the Schoharie

Region. In press.
Ruedemann, Rudolf. Cephalopoda of Beekmantown and Chazy Formations

of Champlain Basin. In press.
Zoology. Zi (i) Marshall, W: B. Preliminary List of New York Unioni-

dae. 2 op. Mar. 1892. $c.
Z2 (9) Beaks of Unionidae Inhabiting the Vicinity of Albany, N. Y.

24p. i pi. Aug. 1890. ioc.
Z3 (29) Miller, G. S. jr. Preliminary List of New York Mammals. i24p.

Oct. 1899. i$c.

^4 (33) Farr, M. S. Check List of New York Birds. 224p. Ap. 1900. 25*.
Z$ (38) Miller, G. S. jr. Key to the Land Mammals of Northeastern North

America. io6p. Oct. 1900. 150.
Z6 (40) Simpson, G: B. Anatomy and Physiology of Polygyra albolabris

and Limax maximus and Embryology of Limax maximus. 82p. a8pl.

Oct. 1901. 2$c.
Z7 (43) Kellogg, J. L. Clam and Scallop Industries of New York. 36?.

apl. map. Ap. 1901. ioc. .

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

Z8 (51) Eckel, E. C. & Paulmier, F. C. Catalogue of Reptiles and Batra-
chians of New York. 64p. il. ipl. Ap. 1902. i$c.

Eckel, E. C. Serpents of Northeastern United States.

Paulmier, F. C. Lizards, Tortoises and Batrachians of New York.

Zg (60) Bean, T. H. Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. 784p. Feb.

1903. $i, cloth.
Zio (71) Kellogg, J. L. Feeding Habits and Growth of Venus mercenaria.

3op. 4pl. Sep. 1903. loc.
Zn (88) Letson, Elizabeth J. Check List of the Mollusca of New York. ii4p.

May iopS- 2oc.
Zi2 (91) Paulmier, F. C. Higher Crustacea of New York City. 78p. il.

June 1905. 20c.

Eaton, E. H. Birds of New York. In preparation.
Entomology. En i (5) Lintner, J. A. White Grub of the May Beetle. 32p.

il. Nov. 1888. loc.

En2 (6) Cut-worms. 36p. il. Nov. 1888. loc.

Ens (13) San Jose* Scale and Some Destructive Insects of New York

State. 54p. 7pl. Ap. 1895. 150.
En4 (20) Felt, E. P. Elm-leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. spl.

June 1898. $c.

See Eni$.

Ens (23) i4th Report of the State Entomologist 1898. iSop. il. 9pl.

Dec. 1898. 2oc.

En6 (24) Memorial of the Life and Entomologic Work of J. A. Lint-
ner Ph.D. State Entomologist 1874-98; Index to Entomologist's Re-
ports 1-13. 3!6p. ipl. Oct. 1899. 35° '•

Supplement to i4th report of the State Entomologist.

Eny (26) Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York In-
sects. 36p. il. Ap. 1899. $c.

En8 (27) - - Shade Tree Pests in New York State. 26p. il. spl. May

1899. sc.

Enp (31) iSth Report of the State Entomologist 1899. ia8p. June

1900. 150.

Enio (36) i6th Report of the State Entomologist 1900. n8p. i6pl.

Mar. 1901. 2$c.
Enn (37) Catalogue of Some of the More Important Injurious and

Beneficial Insects of New York State. 54p. il. Sep. 1900. loc.
Em 2 (46) Scale Insects of Importance and a List of the Species in

New York State. 94p. il. i5pl- June 1901. 2$c.
Eni3 (47) Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. Aquatic Insects in the

Adirondacks. 234p. il. 36pl. Sep. 1901. 450.
Eni4 (53) Felt, E. P. i7th Report of the State Entomologist 1901. 232p.

il. 6pl. Aug. 1902. Out of print.
Ems (57) - - Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. Spl. Aug.

1902. i$c.

This is a revision of En4 containing the more essential facts observed since that was pre-
pared.

Eni6 (59) Grapevine Root Worm. 4op. 6pl. Dec. 1902. i$c.

See En 19.

Eni7 (64) i8th Report of the State Entomologist 1902. nop. 6pl.

May 1903. 2oc.
Eni8 (68) Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York. 322p.

5 2 pi. Aug. 1903. 8oc, cloth.
Enig (72) Felt, E. P. Grapevine Root Worm. 58p. i3pl. Nov. 1903. 2oc.

This is a revision of Eni6 containing the more essential facts observed since that was pre-
pared.

En2o (74) & Joutel, L. H. Monograph of the Genus Saperda. 88p.

i4pl. June 1904. 250.
En2i (76) Felt, E. P. i9th Report of the State Entomologist 1903. iSop.

4pl. 1904. 150.
En22 (79) - - Mosquitos or Culicidae of New York i64p.il ^7Pl- O"*t

1904. 4oc.
En23 (86) Needham, J. G. & others. . May Flies and Midges of New York

352p. il. 37pl. 1905. 8oc, cloth.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

£1124 (97) Felt, E. P. 2oth Report of the State Entomologist 1904. 246p.

il. i9pl. Nov. 1905. 400.
Botany. Boi (2) Peck, C: H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of

New York. 66p. apl. May 1887. Out of print.
302 (8) - Boleti of the United States. 96p. Sep. 1889. [500}

603 (25) - Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. 5pl. Oct. 1899.
Out of print.

604 (28) - Plants of North Elba. 2o6p. map. June 1899. 2oc.
Bos (54) - Report of the State Botanist 1901. 58p. 7pl. Nov. 1902. 400.
Bo6 (67) - Report of the State Botanist 1902. i96p. 5pl. May 1903.

5oc.

Bo7 (75) - Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 400.
Bo8 (94) - Report of the State Botanist 1904. 6op. xopl. July 1905. 400.
Archeology. An (16) Beauchamp, W: M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Im-

plements of New York. 86p. 23pl. Oct. 1897. 250.
Ar2 (18) - Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines.

io4p. 35pl. Nov. 1897. 250.
Ar3 (22) - Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p. 33pl. Oct.

1898. 250.
Ar4 (32) - Aboriginal Occupation of New York. i9op. i6pl. 2 maps.

Mar. 1900. 3oc.
Ar$ (41) - Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians.

i66p. 28pl. Mar. 1901. 300.
Ar6 (50) - Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians. ii2p.

43pl. Mar. 1902. 300.
Ar7 (55) — - Metallic Implements of the New York Indians. 94P- 38pl.

June 1902. 250.
Ar8 (73) - Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. i2«p. 37pl.

Dec. 1903. 3pc.
Ar9 (78) - History of the New York Iroquois. 34op. i7pl. map. Feb.

I9°5- 75C> cloth.

Ano (87) - Perch Lake Mounds. 84p. i2pl. Ap. 1905. 2oc.
Am (89) - Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. igop. 35pl. June

Miscellaneous. MSI (62) Merrill, F: J. H. Directory of Natural History
Museums in United States and Canada. 236p. Ap. 1903. joe.

Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Nat-
ural History Survey and New York State Museum 1837-1902. 4i8p.
June 1903. 75^, cloth.

Museum memoirs iSSg-date. Q.

1 Beecher, C: E. & Clarke, J: M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi-

opoda. 96p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. Out of print.

2 Hall, James & Clarke, J : M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 35op. il. 7opl.

1898. $i, cloth.

3 Clarke, J: M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co.

N. Y. i28p. 9pl. Oct. 1900. 8oc.

4 Peck, C:H. N. Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. io6p. 2$pl. Nov. 1900. 750.

This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 4pth, sist and sad
reports of the State Botanist.

5 Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of

New York State. i96p. 2ipl. July 1903. $1.50, cloth.

6 - Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map. $2, cloth.

7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt i Graptolites of the

Lower Beds. 35op. i7pl. Feb. 1905. $1.50, cloth.

Felt, E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. In press.

Clarke, J : M. Early Devonic of Eastern New York. In preparation.

Natural history of New York. 3ov. il. pi. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.

DIVISION i ZOOLOGY. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The
New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals
hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of
those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropri-
ate illustrations. sv. il. pi. maps. sq. Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. i?8p.

v. i pti Mammalia. i3+i46p. 33pl. 1842.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.

U,

eum

Museum bul

SFP 1ft

etin«

no, 98

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

_ pt2 Gasteropoda Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the .Upper H elder-
berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2V. 1879. v- J. text-
i5+4Q2p. v. 2, i2opl. $2.50 for 2 v,

__ I & Simpson George B. v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and
Upper Helderberg and Hamilton Groups. 24 + 298?. 6ypl. 1887. $2-5°

: _ £ Clarke John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the C
kany Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill
Groups 64+236?. 46pL 1888. Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pterop-
oda Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42?- iSpl. 1888. $2.50

_ &• Clarke, John M. v. 8 pti Introduction to the Study of the Genera
of tlue Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+367?. 44pL 1892.

__ & Clarke, John M. v. 8 pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394?. »4pl.
1894. $2.^0

Catalogue of "the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242?. U.

1853-
Handbooks iSc^-date. 7^x12$ cm.

In quantities, i cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as t

HS New York State Museum. 52?. il. 40.

Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1002.

Hi3 Paleontology. i2p. 2c.

Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to
biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New York.

His 'Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.

Itineraries of' « trips <Mverin« nearlv the entire series of Paleozoic neks, prepared specially
for the ule of teiclSs and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the
classic rocks of this State.

Hi6 Entomology. i6p. 2C.

Hi7 Economic Geology. 44P- 4C-

Hi8 Insecticides and Fungicides. 2 op. y.

Hio Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations 32?. 30

Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the Mate of New

' Mseum Reort.

Maps. Merr, : . . conomc an

' York- issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th Museum Report.
v i ' =19X67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to i inch. i$c.

Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to i inch. In a

eo . .

form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 6oc.

The lower Hudson sheet, Kenlosically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange ^"^hess. Put-

_J. Map of New York showing the Surface Configuration and

1901. Scale 12 miles to i inch. 150.
Geologic maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic \

scale i in. = i m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub-

lished separately.

*Albany county. Mus. rep't 49, v. 2. 1898. 500.
Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1898. .

Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties]. Mu

rep't 51, v. i. 1899.

Rockland county. State geol. rep't 18. 1899.
Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34- 19°°-

* Parts of Albany and RensseLier counties. Mus. bul. 42. igo1-
*Niagara river. Mus. bul. 45- 1,901. 2$c.

Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep't 19. iQ°i. , .

Oyster Bay and Hem'pstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. t

Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bill. 52. 1902. ^

Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep t

Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903.

*Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 1903 TOC. _

*Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale i m.= \ m.) Mus. bul. 69.

*Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. "Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 2oc.

* Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77- J9°S- I5C-
*Watkins-Elmira quadrangle. Mus. bul. 81. 190$. 20C-
*Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. toe.
*Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. loc.