o 2 CM O* 'LI B R.ARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 580.5 FB no. BIOLOGY The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 06 L161— O-1096 FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 28 NUMBERS 3 AND 4 CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM CHICAGO, U.S.A. 1953-1957 CONTENTS BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA— III, IV By Julian A. Steyermark and Collaborators. PAGES Number 3. From Ericaceae through Compositae 449-678 Number 4. From Algae through Spermatophyta: Families Listed in Systematic Order 679-1190 111 Hum sub simplex (Hedw.) Mitt. AN ZO ATE GUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rio Never!, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantm, alt. 900-1000 m., 61439. Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America. Sematophyllum decumbens (Wils.) Mitt. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini- dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62566. TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below paramo and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humo- caro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55330. Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil. Sematophyllum flaccidifolium C. M. (?) BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255- 2620 m., 58745. Distribution: Trinidad. Sematophyllum caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt. BOLIVAR: along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60774. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55108. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 717 TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Cerro Duida, forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. '260 m., 58062. Distribution: Florida, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America. Sematophyllum cuspififerum Mitt. BOLIVAR: wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rib Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60419. Distribution: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador. HYPNACEAE Hypnum amabile (Mitt.) Broth. ME RID A: dry rocky gneis sic-granitic slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55731. Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia. Mittenothamnium reptans (Hedw.) Card. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. '2100-2620 m., 58925. MERIDA: between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56147. Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America. Mittenothamnium Lehmannii (Besch.) Card. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58924d. Puiggariella aurifolia (Mitt.) Broth. BOLIVAR: lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 nu, 60581. Distribution: Guatemala, Brazil. Ctenidium malacodes Mitt. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trini- dad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62556. Distribution: Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Pern. 718 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 DIPHYSCIACEAE Diphyscium Fendleri C. M. MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de los Salichales, tributary of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56439. Endemic. POLYTRICHACEAE Pogonatum semipellucidum (Hpe.) Mitt. MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de los Torritos, tribu- tary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 6 kms. southwest of Canagua', alt. 1925-2075 m., 56387. Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador. Pogonatum purpurascens (Hpe.) Mitt. MERIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua' and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56492. Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia. The plants here are unusually small, but show the structural char- acteristics attributed to this species. Polytrichum commune Hedw. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest- facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58642. Distribution: almost cosmopolitan, but not recorded before be- tween southern United States and Brazil. Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255* 2620 m., 58752o. TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58242o. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62498. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62114. Distribution: wide throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceanica, in the tropics only at high altitudes. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 719 PTERIDOPHYTA41 DUIDA HYMENOPHYLLACEAE LOWLAND SPECIES Trichomanes Hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida alt. '200 m., 57792a. Trichomanes pilosum Raddi. Swampy woods, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57833; terrestrial on banks, fronds erect, forest at base of southeastern slopes, alt. 260 m., 58073. Trichomanes Spruceanum Hook. Terrestrial, in clumps in swampy woods, between Esmeralda Sa- vanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57823. Agrees very well with the original illustration of the type (from San Gabriel on the Rio Negro). The species is otherwise represented in the National Herbarium from Isla de Rato'n, Amazonas, Venezuela .(L. Williams 13233) and Esmeralda (L. Williams 16174). The other specimens collected by Williams which have been identified as T. Spruceanum (nos. 13911, 14278, and 14434) are T. heterophyllum Humb. & Bonpl. Trichomanes Trollii Bergdolt. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57941. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Hymenophyllum Fendlerianum Sturm. Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58196. This is the species listed in the report of the Tyler-Duida Expedi- tion as H. crispum H.B.K. The species listed in the report as H. sericeum Swartz is H. Karstenianum Sturm. Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz. Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58000, 58003. A depauperate form, probably that alluded to in the Tyler-Duida report as H. brevi- frons Kunze. 41By.C. V. Morton 720 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch. Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095*1520 m., 58010; on bluffs along stream, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58101. Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf. Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095*1520 m., 58005; epiphyte, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1675 m., 5811 7; terrestrial, in moist pockets of rocks, along rocky banks of Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58207. Trichomanes sp. Terrestrial, fronds erect on an erect caudex 1-5 in. high, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58017. HYMENOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides A. C. Smith. On southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tribu- tary of Cano Iguapo), altl 1095-1520 m., 58100; along rocky banks of Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58216. Previously known only from the type, collected on Cerro Duida by Tate (no. 439). Dr. Steyermark's ample collections are of great interest, for the genus Hymenophyl- lopsis is one of the rarest of the fern genera, the two known species being confined to the summits of Mount Roraima and Cerro Duida. The distinctions between H. asplenioides and H. dejecta as orig- inally adduced seem not to hold, for no. 58216 cited above has the rather long stipe, narrow segments, and greater dissection thought to characterize H. dejecta. Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides seems amply distinct in its smaller rhizome scales, absence of scales on the rhachises, and more sharply toothed indusia. POLYPODIACEAE SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Dryopteris sancti-gabrieli (Hook.) Kuntze. Terrestrial, fronds firmly membranaceous, dull green above, southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57958; fronds erect, forest at base of south- eastern'slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58077. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 721 Oleandra duidae A. C. Smith On bluff, between Agiiita and summit, alt. 1650 m., 58397. The same or a very similar species grows in El Valle and Choco'in western Colombia. Lindsaea Feei C. Chr. Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58137. Lindsaea guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand. (?) Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58095. The specimens are small and may be juvenile or depauperate. Asplenium cuneatum Lam. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57964. Asplenium radicans L. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57983. Pteris Fraseri Mett. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57982. Previously known only from Colom- bia and Ecuador. Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum (L.) Sadeb. Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58283. Polypodium consimile Mett. Fronds pendent, dull green above, on bluffs of southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57993. Polypodium dicranophyllum C. Chr. (Grammitis furcata Hook. & Grev.). Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57997. Polypodium haplophlebicum A. C. Smith. Along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58118. A topotype. Polypodium megalophyllum Desv. Rhizomes thickened, climbing, appressed to tree tnmk, the scales buff-silvery, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58074. A characteristic species of the Amazon basin. 722 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Elaphoglossum discolor (Kiihn) C. Chr. (E. sancti-gabrieli Christ). Fronds subcoriaceous-chartaceous, on boulders and cliffs of southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57998. Agrees fairly well with a cotype (US) from Panure', Rio Vaupes, Colombia. The species is near E. pteropus C. Chr. Elaphoglossum plumosum (Fee) Moore. Fronds erect, subcoriaceous, pale grass-green above, buff-brown below, on sandstone boulder of southeastern-facing slopes along Caffo Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57949. Elaphoglossum rigidum (Aublet) Urban. Fronds stiff-coriaceous, deep green on both sides, on bluffs or boulders of south eastern- facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58004. GLEICHENIACEAE SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching. Common, on high moist ridge top, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58338. Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58069. Lowland species, widespread in tropical America. SCHIZAEACEAE LOWLAND SPECIES Schizaea elegans var. flabellum (Mart.) Prantl. Terrestrial, between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57896. Schizaea incurvata Schkuhr. Open dry places, Esmeralda Ridge, between Esmeralda and base of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57748; Sabana de Arboles, at southeast- ern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 5790 5a. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA ~ IV 723 LYCOPODIACEAE LOWLAND SPECIES Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integerrimum Spring. Stems creeping on wet part of savanna, between Esmeralda Ridge and Tree Savanna, southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57786. Lycopodium Carolinian uni var. meridionale (Underw. & Lloyd) Nes- sel & Hoehne. Stems prostrate, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57798. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Lycopodium duidae A. C. Smith. Stems prostrate on wet ground along streambank, Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58144. Previously known only from the type collection. SELAGINELLACEAE42 LOWLAND SPECIES Selaginella asperula Spring. (S. avails Baker). Creeping along ground among rocks, Esmeralda Ridge, between Es- meralda and base of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57742. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Selaginella potarensis Jenm. On moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 57999. Selaginella scalariformis A. C. Smith. Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58223. A topotype. 42By A. H. G. Alston 724 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 RORAIMA HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum farallonen.se Hieron. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58952. The specimen agrees fairly well with an isotype (US) from the Farallones de Cali, Colombia. Hymenophyllum Gollmeri v.d. Bosch. On northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58864. Identified from description. Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K. On southern half of the summit between Summit Camp, Great Cen- tral Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58907- This is the species erroneously identified by Baker as H. lineare Swartz. The rare endemic species H. roraimense Morton was not found by Dr. Steyermark. Hymenophyllum Lambertianum Hook. Under shaded ledges around margin of pond at southern end on southern half of summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58906. A rare species, known otherwise from a few collections from Colombia and Peru at similar elevations. Trichomanes plumosum Kunze. Terrestrial, fronds erect, dark green, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58981. From a photograph of the type collection (Schomburgk 271 from British Guiana) T. accedens Presl. seems to be the same. Trichomanes roraimense Jenm. Crevices or shade of bluffs of "morros," on northwest portion of summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 5887 7. , A topotype. The species seems to differ from related spe- cies of the T. crispum alliance by the large immersed involucres with the surrounding leaf tissue extending at the sides into two "horns." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 725 HYMENOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE Hymenophyllopsis dejecta Goebel. On northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58879, 58820a; on southern half of the summit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58874, 58875. A fine series of a rare species. CYATHEACEAE Cyathea aureonitens Christ. "Ene-bi-gi." Trunk 15 ft. high, 3-4 in. in diameter, spiny with black, upwardly pointing spines, fronds erect-ascending, on southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58989. This species, previous- ly known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, belongs to a small group of species, including C. Sprucei and C. oxyacantha among others, characterized by the peculiar stipe scales (with dark central stripes and broad, white, crispate-undulate margins), sharp black spines, and pectinate scales on the costules. Alsophila Gleasonii Maxon. "Ene-bi-gi-yek." Terrestrial along stream in woods, fronds dull green above, dull silvery-green beneath, Gran Sabana, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58586. Previously known only from the original collection from Rockstone, British Guiana (Glea- son 830). POLYPODIACEAE Dryopteris amplissima var. subeffusa C. Chr. Acaulescent, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58966. A topotype. Asplenium radicans L. var. partitum (Klotzsch) Hieron. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58740. Blechnum pteropus Kunze. Terrestrial, fronds subcoriaceous-chartaceous, deep green above, silvery or pale green below, southwest-facing forested slopes be- tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58967. 726 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Blechnum Schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C. Chr. On erect caudex 2 ft. tall and 4-5 in. in diameter, leaves ascend- ing or erect from crown, coriaceous, the segments revolute, deep green above, silvery-whitish below, the scales of stipe base deep brown, those of midrib ferruginous, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255* 2620 m., 58775. A topotype. Pterozonium. The species of this genus will be treated in a separate paper. Hypolepis guianensis Klotzsch. Terrestrial, forming thickets and dense tangles, fronds up to 15 ft. long, membranaceous, grass-green, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58993. Although the present specimen, which is large and ap- parently mature, although sterile, does not agree altogether with the original description, I have little doubt but that it represents H. guianensis, which has been known previously only from the type (Schomburgk 1166 from Mount Roraima), which was probably a speci- men from a juvenile or depauperate plant. There is no authentic mate- rial in the U.S. National Herbarium or the New York Botanical Garden, nor, according to Dr. Maxon's notes, at Kew or the British Museum. Cochlidium Connellii (Baker) A. C. Smith. Fronds firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous, grass-green on both sides, on bluffs in shade on northwest portion of summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58811. Topotype. An exceedingly rare plant. Polypodium anfractuosum Kunze. Forested south west- facing quebrada near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040- 2130 m., 58710; ascent of ledge along south west- facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58731. Uncommon, but rather widely distributed. Polypodium induens Maxon is very near it. Polypodium asplenifolium L. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58988. A common West In- dian species, not reported from the Guianas by Posthumus. Polypodium discolor Hook, (ex char.). Fronds gray-silvery, under dry ledges on exposed rocky surface near the Great Central Rift, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58882. Apparently this species has been known only frpm the original collection— Schomburgk 1031 from British Guiana (probably Mount Roraima). It belongs to the group containing P. fari- nosum, P. Pearcei, and others. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 727 Polypodium taxifolium L. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondo'n Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58953. Polypodium xanthotrichium Klotzsch. Pendent epiphyte, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58703. A rare endemic. Elaphoglossum cordigerum Christ. Fronds upright, crisnate-margined, firmly membranaceous, on mossy log, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58702. Agrees absolutely with an isotype (US) of the synonymous E. lineare var. Klotzschii Hieron. (Moritz 419, from Colonia Tovaf, Venezuela). My treatment of Elaphoglossum is ten- tative, for the species are very numerous and little known. The present species is doubtless that from Mount Roraima referred by Pos- thumus to the African E. Aubertii (Desv.) Moore. Elaphoglossum plumosum (Fee) Moore. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rib Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58587. Elaphoglossum sp. Ascent of ledge along south west- facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58734. A dwarf form not matched in the U.S. National Herbarium. It does not appear to be any species recorded from Mount Roraima. GLEICHENIACEAE Sticherus revolutus (H.B.K.) Ching. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58984. Apparently not re- ported from Mount Roraima, although some specimens referred by Pos- thumus to Gleichenia furcata may belong here. The species occurs throughout the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. "Itu-yek." Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155 m., 58604; northwest portion of summit norrh and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58863. Hicriopteris Bancroft!! (Hook.) Ching. (Gleichenia Bancroftii Hook.) Stems dark gray-blue, glaucous, elongate, up to 15 feet long, form- ing thickets difficult to penetrate, fronds membranaceous, grass- green above, pale green below, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 728 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 m., 58991. A slight eastward extension of range. Known previously in South America from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, to Bolivia. Ap- parently local and uncommon. SCHIZAEACEAE Anemia flexuosa Swartz. "Ene-bi-shik." Among rocks, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58632. Anemia millefolia Gardn. "Honday-yar-i'ng (lugar de despoblado de monte). " Stems upright, among rocks in dry savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 11 85-1280 m., 58577. Previously known from the province of Tolima, Colombia, and the states of Goyaz and Matto Grosso, Brazil. LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium carolinianum var. meridionale (Underw. & Lloyd) Nes- sel & Hoehne. Plant creeping, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58636. Lycopodium Eichleri Glaziou. Stems erect, on south west- facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58935. Agrees fairly well with a fragment of the type (US) from Rio de Janeiro ( Glaziou 4478). Lycopodium iuliforme Underw. & Lloyd. Stems prostrate, on northwest portion of summit north and north- west of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58808. A topotype. Lycopodium reflexum Lam. Terrestrial, stems erect, forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58712. Lycopodium roraimense Underw. & Lloyd. Pendent epiphyte from mossy trunk, leaves pale green, firmly mem- branaceous, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from be- ginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58749. A topotype. Lycopodium Tatei A. C. Smith. "Paru-yaricu". " Stems creeping, Emerald Swamp, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58610. A topotype. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 729 ISOETACEAE Isoetes Killipii Morton. Submerged in water 1-2 ft. deep, leaves pale grass-green, on southern half of the summit in pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58914. An unexpected extension of the range of this recently described species, otherwise known only from the Pa'ramo de Purace, El Cauca, Colombia. The present specimens have the velum vesti- gial and the megaspores slightly smaller, but do not seem to differ otherwise. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE43 Ophioglossum ellipticum Hooker & Greville. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukena'n and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59286. The date of collection is October 3, 1944, at which time the sporangia were mature. This is my first record from Venezuela, although I have records from both north (in British Honduras) and east (in the Guianas) of there. PTARI-TEPUI The present enumeration lists 78 species of ferns and 9 species of fern allies. Of these 71 were collected on Ptari-tepui itself. The primary relationship of the fern flora is perhaps with that of the eastern Andes of the region of Me'rida, but there seems also to be a relationship with that of Mount Roraima, which is shown especially in the presence of Trichomanes roraimense and Cochlidium Connellii, known only from Mount Roraima and Ptari-tepui. A general relation- ship with the flora of the Guianas is.shown in the abundance of spe- ies of Lindsaea, particularly in the presence of L. Parkeri and L. reniformis. The small collection from Sororopan-tepui (6 numbers only) is notable for a specimen of Gymnogramma Schomburgkiana, previously known only from Mount Roraima. The still smaller collection from Carrao-tepm contains a specimen of the peculiar climbing Lindsaea tenuis, a plant known otherwise only from Mount Roraima, and prob- ably only from the original collections of Schomburgk. None of the characteristic ferns of Cerro Duida are found on any of these moun- tains, but one of the fern allies, Lycopodium duidae, was collected on Ptari-tepui. 43By Robert T. Clausen 730 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum apiculatum Mett. Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m«, 60228. Known definitely otherwise only from the original collection from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela (Fendler 32, isotype US). Distinguished from depauperate forms of H. polyanthos by the large, acute, deeply immersed indusia. Hymenophyllum Fendlerianum Sturm. Lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui^ alt. 1675-1980 m., 60872; Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59813. Wide- spread but uncommon species, distinctive by reason of its minute, strongly undulate-crisp ate, segments. Hymenophyllum fucoides (Swartz) Swartz. Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 59530. Hymenophyllum hirsutura (L.) Swartz sensu Morton, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 155.^1947. (H. ciliatum Swartz). Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 59528. Hymenophyllum Karstenianum Sturm. Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59515. Hymenophyllum microcarpum Desv. Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overly- ing sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59559. Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60447. Depauperate plants. Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K. Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. -2285-2405 m., 59578. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 731 Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch. On dripping, shaded, mossy slopes in woods, upper slopes of Carrao-tepih', alt. 2130-2430 m., 60882; terrestrial in deep shape under boulder, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest- facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59758. Trichomanes crinitum Swartz. In crevices of bluffs, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava- nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60489. Extremely rare in South America. The specimens agree well with Jamaican plants. Trichomanes diaphanum H.B.K. Epiphyte, Ptari-tepul, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59618. Trichomanes macilentum v. d. Bosch. Dripping, shaded, mossy slopes in woods, upper slopes of Carrao- tepui, 60881. A little-known species, suggesting T. arbuscula, but with a creeping rhizome and distant fronds. Trichomanes pedicellatum Desv. Climbing, appressed to tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing dense- ly forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59458. Trichomanes plumosum Kunze. Terrestrial, fronds erect, Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m-, 59551; fronds erect, crevices of shaded bluffs, same locality, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59565. Trichomanes roraimense Jenm. Fronds erect, terrestrial, in shade under boulder, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000- 2200 m., 59757. Known otherwise only from Mount Roraima. Trichomanes spp. Nos. 59407, 59693, and 60476. DICKSONIACEAE Culcita coniifolia (Hook.) Maxon. Fronds acaulescent, stipes arising at ground surface,^ fronds firm- ly membranaceous, dull green on both sides, Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59954. A widespread species, originally described from "Caracas." 732 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CYATHEACEAE Cyathea meridensis Karst. Trunk 5-6 ft. tall, 3-4 in. in diameter, prickly, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59588. This species, not previously represented in the U.S. National Herbarium, was originally found in the mountains of Me'rida, Venezuela, at an elevation of 2000 meters. The specimen at hand agrees well with Karsten's description. The species differs from C. petiolulata in its dark brown, concolorous rhizome scales. Cyathea petiolulata Karst. Ptari-tepuf, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59811. Described originally from material collected in the mountains of Me'rida at ele- vations from 2000 to 2500 meters. The rhizome scales have a cas- taneous central stripe a^id conspicuous pale borders. Alsophila gibbosa Klotzsch. Trunk 3 ft. tall, 2 in. in diameter, fronds chartaceous, deep green above, dull green below, Ptari-tepui, Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59731. A fragment of the type, collected by R. Schomburgk on Mount Roraima, is in the U.S. National Herbarium. The species has been found also on a mountain ridge near Galipan, Venezuela (P ittier 111). POLYPODIACEAE Dryopteris denticulata (Swartz) Kuntze. Terrestrial on steep, wooded slopes overlying sandstone, Ptari- tepui, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59597. Oleandra Lehmannii Maxon. Sprawling over ground, fronds deep green above, dull green below, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59495. Known otherwise only from Colombia. Oleandra pilosa Hook. Stems sprawling, dangling in the air by waterfall, swampy savanna between Rib Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60706. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 733 Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl. Ptari-tepui", between "Cave Camp" and Bonnetia forest, on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 1800-2000 m., 5972 7a. Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott. Terrestrial, common in colonies, Ptari-tepui, forested sandstone south- facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59773. Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59450. Lindsaea coriifolia Lindm. Fronds erect, chartaceous, pale green, P tari-tepuij low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59474. A rare species, which may be reported also from the summit of Cerro Tonoro, Alto Rio Paragua, Bolivar (Cardona 852). Lindsaea falcata Dryand. Ptari-tepui', south-facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59427. Common and widely distributed. Lindsaea Feei C. Chr. Stipes upright, fronds firmly membranaceous, Ptari-tepui, on for- ested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59503; "sumi-peu," Bonnetia roraimae forest on south west- facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59739. There is a discussion of this species by Hieronymus (Hed- wigia 62: 16. 1920). Lindsaea guianensis (Aubl.) Dryand. Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mis- sion of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59409. Lindsaea Parkeri Hook. Salto de Iwara-curu^ at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 16 15 m., 60229; Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59454. Previously known only from British Guiana and Surinam. Lindsaea reniformis Dryand. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rib Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 734 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 60518. One other Venezuelan collection is known: Western foot- hills of Serra Imeri, near Salto de Hua, alt. 800 m., Holt & Blake 494. The species is otherwise restricted to the Guianas, where it is rare. Lindsaea stricta (Swartz) Dryand. Stipes upright, stiff, fronds chartaceous, in crevices of bluffs, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock4' above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59502; "ari- epana-u." Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt.- -2000-2200 m., 59735. Lindsaea tenuis Klotzsch. Climbing, appressed to mossy tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60859. A collection of exceptional interest, for this species, previously known only from Mount Roraima, apparently has not been represented in American herbaria. The climbing habit of the fronds is altogether exceptional in the genus and is suggestive of Odontosoria. Asplenium radicans L. (var.) Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59594. Asplenium serra Langsd. & Fisch. Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59593; along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59904 (depauperate). Blechnum Schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C. Chr. Terrestrial, fronds subcoriaceous, dull green above, pale green below, Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sand- stone bluffs, alt. 2400 m., 59614. Pityro gramma tart are a (Cav.) Maxon. Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60072. Gymnogramma hirta (H.B.K.) Kaulf. Common at base of bluffs, Ptari-tepui', south- facing bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59607, 59913. Gymnogramma Schomburgkiana Kunze. Crevices of bluff on summit, Sororopah-tepul, crest of cerro be- tween east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60109. Previously known only from Mount Roraima. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 735 Pellaea pinnata (Kaulf.) Prantl. Crevices of boulders on mesa near Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1065 m., 60526' Previously known only from southern Brazil. An interesting and unexpected extension of range. Hypolepis hostilis (Kunze) Presl. Ptari-tepuf, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 240O2410 m., 59598, 59896. Lonchitis Lindeniana Hook. Ptari-tepui, steep forested slopes at base of first line of sand- stone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59857. Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith. Terrestrial, fronds elongate, 5 ft. long, blue-green above, pale green below, Ptari-tepuf, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59613, 59897 (juvenile). Vittaria filifolia Fee. Fronds subcoriaceous, dull green above and beneath, pendent from dry crevices of bluffs, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59905. Vittaria Gardneriana Fee. Fronds subcorjaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath, pen- dent from bluffs and tree trunks, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59596. Cochlidium Connellii (Baker) A. C. Smith. Fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, deep green on both sides, terrestrial on dry ledges, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59673. Previously known only from Mount Roraima. Polypodium asplenifolium L. Epiphytic, blades divergent, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes, overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59553. Polypodium aureum L. Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59908. 736 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Polypodium bombycinum Maxon. Fronds subcoriaceous, gray-blue-green above, gray below, break- ing easily, on boulder, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59672. In his study of the group of P. lepidopteris Mr. Weatherby reported this species only from Colombia, Panama, and the Galapagos Islands. Additional records are: Capihuara, Rio Casiquiare, Amazonas, Venezuela, L. Williams 16082; northern slopes of Akarai Mountains, British Guiana, A. C. Smith 2899. Polypodium cultratum Willd. Ptari-tepm, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59586. Polypodium dicranophyllum C. Chr. Epiphyte, Salto de Iwaracaru'-meni, at western end of Sororopan- tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60227. Polypodium duale Maxon. Terrestrial on mossy boulders receiving constant spray of water- fall, Ptari-tepm, along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59947. Polypodium fraxinifolium Jacq. "Itui-yek." Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, dense forest at base of cerro along Rio Kamai, alt. 1220 m., 60656. Polypodium Kalbreyeri Baker. Epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59815. Polypodium lanceolatum L. On dry bluffs, Ptari-tepuf, along base of east- facing high sand- stone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59953; fronds erect, coriaceous, deep green above, dull paler green below, on rocky exposure, Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60076. Polypodium lasiopus Klotzsch. Rhizome pale silvery-green with yellow-brown scales, fronds mem- branaceous, rich green, exposed crevices of bluff, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59907. Polypodium loriceum L. Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59927. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 737 Polypodium lycopodioides L. Creeping epiphyte, fronds dull green on both sides, firmly mem- branaceous, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River," below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59452. Polypodium pectinatum L. sens. lat. Epiphyte, fronds pendent, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59595. This would probably correspond with the large form called P. paradiseae Langsd. & Fisch. Polypodium pilosissimum Mart. & Gal. Pendent epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59970. Possibly an aggregate as currently recognized. The West Indian P. rigens Maxon is very near it. Polypodium subsessile Baker. Epiphyte, Sororopa'n-tepui, wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60199. Polypodium taenifolium Jenm. Epiphyte, Ptari-tepui', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59582. Polypodium sp. (group of P. loriceum). Rhizomes gray-blue-green, thickened, fronds membranaceous, grass green on both sides, among rocks, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59656. Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor C. Chr. Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, fronds coriaceous, deep green above, paler beneath, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59430. Previously known only from Colombia. Elaphoglossum Fraseri (Mett.) Christ ex char. Along rocky stream bank, Ptari-tepui', south-facing densely for- ested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59456. Acrostichum ery- throtrichum Klotzsch, from "Caracas," for which the citation (Lin- naea 25: 293. 1852) is omitted in the Index Filicum, may be the same. The species is near the widespread E. Lindenii, but the sterile fronds are more elongate and are cuneate at base. 738 F ELD I AN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Elaphoglossum glabellum J. Smith. Epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, paler beneath, Ptari-tepm', south-facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59431. Elaphoglossum laminarioides (Bory) Moore. Terrestrial, fronds erect, subcoriaceous, pale green above, rufous beneath, Ptari-tepui', on forested south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59570. This species belongs to a critical group. The present specimen agrees fairly well with the description of the original collection from French Guiana (Leprieur in 1834). According to Christ, the Peruvian E. auricomum (Kunze) Moore is the same, and, if so, that is the earliest name for the species. Elaphoglossum stenopteris (Klotzsch) Moore. Common epiphyte, fronds erect-spreading, undulate-margined, firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull green beneath, Ptari- tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59554. Agrees entirely with an isotype, from Colonia Tovar, Venezuela (Moritz 234), in the U.S. National Herbarium. Usually referred to the Brazilian E. brachyneuron (Fee) J. Smith, but it is not certain that the two are identical. Elaphoglossum tovarense (Moritz) Moore. Fronds erect, coriaceous, dark green above, dull green beneath, Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59615. Agrees with Fendler 292, from Colonia Tovar, cited in the original description. Elaphoglossum sp. Ptari-tepui, at base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59616. Sterile; group of E. lingua (Raddi) Brack. Rhipidopteris peltata (Swartz) Schott. Creeping on mossy boulder, Ptari-tepur, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59580. GLEICHENIACEAE Sticherus rubiginosus (Mett.) Morton. Fronds rigid, brittle, dull green above, paler below, Ptari-tepuf, steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south- facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59862. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 739 Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. "Soni-pa. " Ptari-tepui, scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600-1650 m., 59624; Bon- netia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59751. SCHIZAEACEAE Schizaea elegans (Vahl) Swartz. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes be- tween "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500- 1520 m., 59460. Schizaea Poeppigiana Sturm. Ptari-tepuf, low scnibby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59471. Not known otherwise from Venezuela except on Mount Roraima. OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda cinnamomea L. In dense clumps 4 ft. tall among grass in wet places, Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Tere- sita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59410. In Knuth's Initia Florae Venezuelensis (Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde Beih. 43: 87. 1928) the name Osmunda bipinnata L. has been adopted for the cinnamon-fern, and O. cinnamomea reduced to synonymy, presumably on the basis of page priority. However, page priority may not be considered in selecting the proper names. According to the International Rules (Art. 56), if two names are of the same date, the author who first adopts one of them, definitely treating another as a synonym or re- ferring it to a subordinate group, must be followed. In the present instance, O. cinnamomea has been universally adopted and O. bi- pinnata reduced to synonymy, and it is up to the author who wishes to use O. bipinnata to prove that at the time of the first union of these two Linnaean species O. bipinnata was the name adopted (which is probably impossible to prove in this case). Otherwise, O. cinnamomea must be retained. A similar instance is the fern Stenoloma (Sphenomeris ) chinense (L.) Bedd. Those who displace this name in favor of S. chusanum (L.) Ching must first prove that the epithet chusanum was the first one adopted for the combined Linnaean species. 740 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium clavatum L. Ptari-tepm', on densely forested steep south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59584; Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro be- tween east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60134. Lycopodium duidae A. C. Smith. Creeping, the fruiting stems erect, common terrestrial plant, Ptari- tepui, Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59776. Known otherwise only from Cerro Duida. Lycopodium passerinoides H.B.K. Pendent epiphyte, Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-2100 m., 59536; forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59717. Difficult to distinguish from L. taxifolium. Lycopodium reflexum Lam. Stems erect, common on rock exposures, Sororopa'n-tepui', crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60111. SELAGINELLACEAE 44 Selaginella brachyclada Baker. Base of dripping sandstone bluff, Ptari-tepui, on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59836. Described from Kaieteur Falls, British Guiana. Selaginella flagellata Spring (forma). Crevices of bluff below waterfall, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60523. Selaginella microdonta A. C. Smith. Fronds pale green above, silvery beneath, along slopes of bluff in shade, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sand- stone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59563. Previously known only from the type from Cerro Duida. 44B V A. H. G. Alston BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 741 Selaginella rigidula Baker. On moist face of bluff, P tari-tepui', main south-facing high sand- stone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59604. A good match for the type (from Ocana, Colombia) according to Alston. Selaginella roraimensis Baker (forma). Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60499. Selaginella sp. Stems erect, southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60844. Near S. Hartwegiana Spring; perhaps unde- scribed according to Alston. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE The fern flora of Cerro Turumiquire in northeastern Venezuela is fundamentally Andean, most of the species being rather well known and widespread in Venezuela and Colombia. An unexpected rela- tionship with the flora of Cerro Duida is found in the presence of Polypodium haplophlebicum, previously considered endemic to Cerro Duida. The presence of Lycopodium roraimense may indicate a remote relationship with Mount Roraima, although it is quite likely that this species will be found ultimately to be rather widespread. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum elegans Spreng. ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 800-1000 m., 61287. Hymenophyllum Gollmeri v. d. Bosch. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62077; SUCRE: Cerro Turumi- quire, headwaters of Rib Manzanares, on north west- facing slopes, alt. 2500 m., 62684. Identified from description. Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Swartz. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 900-1000 m., 61461; headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61729. 742 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Hymenophyllum Karstenianum Sturm. MONAGAS: forested summit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Gua'charo, alt. 1500 m., 62006. Hymenophyllum trichomanoides v. d. Bosch. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62201; Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62329. Hymenophyllum trichophyllum H.B.K. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rib Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62646. Hymenophyllum sp. Group of H. polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz. ANZ GATE GUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergan- tfn, alt. 2350 m., 61689. Trichomanes capillacenm L. MONAGAS: epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above lime- stone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 62000. Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf. ANZOATEGUI: on shaded limestone bluff, Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61405. MONAGAS: crevices of bluffs, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua'charo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62267, 62265. Trichomanes Curranii Weatherby. MONAGAS: on bluffs along stream, Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62212. Previously known only from the type collection from Cerro Santa Ana, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela (Curran & Haman 672). Trichomanes plumosum Kunze. MjONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds erect, dull green, summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62334. Trichomanes rigidum Swartz. ANZOATEGUI: fronds dark green, on shaded limestone bluffs, Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leo'n and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61404. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 743 Trichomanes Robinsonii Baker. MONAGAS: on bark, near summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Gua- charo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62337. SUCRE: on tree trunk, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62576; on shaded boulder, forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-2100 m., 62736. This is the species well known as T. montanum Hook., unfortunately a later homonym. According to Cope- land, the African species T. Robinsonii is the same. I have seen no African specimens. Trichomanes rupestre (Raddi) v. d. Bosch. r ANZOATEGUI: fronds dull green, climbing appressed to bluff, along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantih, alt. 800-1000 m., 61295; hanging from shaded moist cliff, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, be- tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900- 1400 m., 67726. DICKSONIACEAE Dicksonia Karsteniana (Klotzsch) Moore. ANZOATEGUI: trunk 3 ft. tall, 1 ft. in diameter, leaves erect, pinnules revolute, subchartaceous-subcoriaceous, dull green above, pale green below, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61676; trunk 5-6 ft. tall, 6-8 in. in diameter, same locality, 61680. SUCRE: trunk 6-8 ft. tall, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62468. The first specimen cited represents a small form, perhaps varietally or even specifically distinct. CYATHEACEAE Hemitelia speciosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kaulf. MONAGAS: subacaulescent or with a caudex 3 ft. tall and 2 in. in diameter, forested summit of mountain on property of Pedro Pablo Centeno, southwest of Caripe, alt. 1300-1350 m., 61970. Hemitelia spectabilis Kunze. ANZOATEGUI: "Cabeza de mono." Caudex 1/2 ft. tall, fronds 5-6 ft. long, chartaceous, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 67207. 744 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Alsophila floribunda Hook, (off.) MONAGAS: Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua- charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62332. Although the specimen cited agrees fairly well in cutting, "venation, and general aspect with an isotype (US) of Hooker's species, the two may not be conspecific. The small scales of the costules are plane and peitate in the Steyer- mark specimen and bullate and basally attached in A. floribunda. Alsophila pauciflora Presl. ex Mett. SUCRE: trunk 5-10 ft. tall, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocol- lar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62467. This rare species is represented in the U.S. National Herbarium only by a fragment of the type, collected at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, by Karsten. Alsophila villosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Desv. MONAGAS: trunk 1 ft. tall, 2-3 in- in diameter, fronds subcoria- ceous, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62274. Lophosoria quadripinnata (Gmel.) C. Chr. ANZOATEGUI: acaulescent, stipe 2-3 ft. tall, dull purple, fronds subchartaceous, rich green above, silvery green below, south-facing steep slopes on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61592. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62126. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62507. POLYPODIACEAE Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. SUCRE: crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62552; forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-2100 m., 62738. Dryopteris Carrii (Baker) C. Chr. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," be- tween Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61403. A notable extension of range. The species has been known previously only from Surinam and southern Brazil. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 745 Thelypteris opposita (Vahl) Ching. SUCRE: crevices of rocks, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 170O2000 m., 62480. Thelypteris patens (Swartz) Small. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest^ along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 611 77. Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching. MONAGAS: acaulescent, fronds erect, 3-5 ft. high, Cerro Gua- charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua'charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62318. This is the introduced Asiatic fern which has commonly been identified as Dryopteris setigera (Blume) Kuntze. Ching states erroneously that it is exindusiate. An indusium is present, although it is small and often concealed by the sporangia. Ctenitis ampla (Willd.) Ching. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial on river banks, fronds 5 ft. tall, woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Never!, north- east of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61070. Cyclopeltis semicordata (Swartz) J. Smith. SUCRE: common terrestrial fern, along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62877. Polystichum muricatum (L.) Fe'e. SUCRE: common on forest floor, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol- lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62528. Polybotrya osmundacea Humb. & Bonpl. MONAGAS: climbing, stems appressed to tree trunk, forested sum- mit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62075. Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw. ANZOATEGUI: along stream bank, dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61 146. Tectaria incisa Cav. ANZOATEGUI: "Cabeza de mono." Along stream in woods along Ri'o Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neveri', northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61079. Bolbitis cladorrhizans (Spreng.) Ching. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61142. 746 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Bolbitis serratifolia (Mert.) Schott. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61144. Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) Presl. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, fronds erect, along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61315. Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott. SUCRE: stems erect, on boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62674. Nephrolepis pendula (Raddi) J. Smith. ANZOATEGUI: hanging in vertical pendent strands up to 10 ft. long from limestone bluffs, along Rib Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m., 61278; "culantrillo de rio." Hanging from tree trunks, same local- ity, 61296. Orthiopteris domingensis (Spreng.) Copel. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, subacaulescent, with short, erect caudex, fronds firmly membranaceous, headwaters of Rio Mara villa, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Berganti'n, alt. 900-1400 m., 61 730. I follow Copeland in recog- nizing Orthiopteris (Ithycaulon) as distinct from Saccoloma. Orthiopteris inaequalis (Kunze) Copel. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62211. Lindsaea falcata Dryand. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rio Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61456. Lindsaea lancea (L.) Bedd. f *v ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61457. Lindsaea stricta (Swartz) Dryand. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61806; rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 830 m., 62382. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 747 Asplenium abscissum Willd. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," forested slopes between Rib Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantih, alt. 500-600 m., 61121. Asplenium dentatum L. (?) MONAGAS: in crevices, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61907. With thicker texture and somewhat different aspect. Not previously represented from Venezuela in the U.S. Na- tional Herbarium. Asplenium fragrans Swartz. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62209. Asplenium harpeodes Kunze. ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61695. Asplenium juglandifolium var. integerrimum (Spreng.) Domin. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," be- tween Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 67422. Asplenium laetum Swartz. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61143. Asplenium monanthes L. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62512a. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62047. Asplenium myriophyllum (Swartz) Presl. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61122. Asplenium obtusifolium L. ANZOATEGUI: leaves fleshy, firmly membranaceous, the old ones dark green, the new ones rich green, on damp boulder, dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61148; fronds dark green, almost hymenophylloid in texture, on boulders along stream, steep forested slopes between 748 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m., 61569. Asplenium otites Link. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo negra," on moist edges of shady or slaty limestone bluffs, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of con- fluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 400-500 m., 61192. Asplenium praemorsum Swartz. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62628. Asplenium pumilum Swartz. SUCRE: valley of Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between Gran j a Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El Pamata'l, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62790. Asplenium radicans var. partitum (Klotzsch) Hieron. SUCRE: common on forest floor, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocol- lar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62527. Asplenium rutaceum Mett. (var.?). ANZOATEGUI: shaded ledges of limestone bluff, along Rib Zum- bador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Ber- gantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61288. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north- facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62543. Asplenium sp. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62559. Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) Presl. MONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds 5-10 ft. long, rich grass-green on both sides, membranaceous, Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62205. Blechnum columbiense Hieron. var. bogotense Hieron. ANZOATEGUI: dense clump with caudex 1 ft. tall and 6 in. in diameter, fronds erect-ascending, stiff, pale green above and below, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 61668. SUCRE: caudex 1-3 ft. tall, 3-5 in. in diameter, BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 749 or acaulescent, leaves ascending in a dense rosette, Cerro Turumi- quire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62631. Pre- viously known in Venezuela only from Cerro Turumiquire (Tate 275, 279, 280, 281). Blechnum gracile Kaulf. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61168; "culantrillo negro," terrestrial, common, used in medicine, woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Ber- gantin, alt. 500 m., 60990. Blechnum 1'herminieri (Bory) Mett. MONAGAS: common ground cover, sterile fronds chartaceous, dull dark green above, paler below, forested summit of Cerro de Gua'charo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62014. Known in South America only from Venezuela. Blechnum unilaterale Swartz. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua- charo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62264. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link (?). ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61327. A peculiar form. Gymnogramma flexuosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Desv. SUCRE: between headwaters of Ri'o Colorado and summit of south- ern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62655a. Gymnogramma hirta (H.B.K.} Kaulf. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on ledges of rim rock just below crest, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000 m., 61596. SUCRE: in crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rib Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200- 2400 m., 62657. Doryopteris pedata var. palmata (Willd.) Hicken. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 67968. Doryopteris sagittifolia (Raddi) J. Smith. ANZOATEGUI: "corazon," along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-1000 750 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 m., 61269. "Entire plant boiled in water and drunk for heart ail- ments.'* An interesting instance of a Brazilian species isolated in Venezuela. Cheilanthes notholaenoides (Desv.) Maxon. (C. micromera Link). MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62051. Not previously represented from Venezuela in the U.S. National Herbarium. Adiantum concinnum Humb. & Bonpl. ANZOATEGUI: shaded crevices of boulder, dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantih, alt. 500 m., 61166. Adiantum macrophyllum Swartz. ANZOATEGUI: along stream bank in dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61145. Adiantum obliquum Willd. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo." woods along Rib Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61052. "Entire plant used for fevers." Adiantum tenerum Swartz. MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61901. ANZOATEGUI: "culantrillo," by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61195. "Stems, leaves, and roots boiled and placed in 'guarapo* for fevers." Adiantum tetraphyllum Humb. & Bonpl. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rio Neven', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m. , 61458. The specimen agrees very well with a photograph of the type (from Caripe). Adiantum tine turn Moore (?). SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62794. A little known species. Pteris biaurita L. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. "500 m., 61154. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 751 Pteris podophylla Swartz. SUCRE: forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-2100 m., 62742. Vittaria filifolia Fee. SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes be- tween La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62466; epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, dark green above, pale green beneath, above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62524. ANZOATEGUI: pendent epiphyte, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 67690. Vittaria lineata (L.) J. E. Smith. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte, along Rio Leon, northeast of BergantTn, alt. 500 m., 61428. Vittaria stipitata Kunze. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61331. Antrophyum lineatum (Swartz) Kaulf. SUCRE: epiphyte, fronds coriaceous, spreading to erect, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62535. Polypodium angustifolium Swartz. MONAGAS: fronds erect, coriaceous, rich green above, pale green below, on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62070. SUCRE: Cerro Turu- miquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62671. Polypodium aureum L. SUCRE: "palipol." Fronds erect, firmly membranaceous- chartaceous, rich pale green or pale grass-green above, blue-silvery- green below, on boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62672. Polypodium ciliatum Willd. MONAGAS: creeping epiphyte, dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 67888. 752 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Polypodium crassifolium L. MONAGAS: fronds erect, coriaceous, on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,; 62053. Polypodium cultratum Willd. ANZOATEGUI: pendent epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 6 1694. Polypodium duale Maxon. MONAGAS: Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62328. Polypodium fasciale Humb. & Bonpl. (Campy lone urum Fendleri Moore). MONAGAS: creeping epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above limestone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300 m., 61998. The determination is not altogether certain inasmuch as no material has been available for comparison. Polypodium Funckii Mett. SUCRE: creeping over boulders above water hole, Cerro Turumi- quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62617; also collected by Tate (nos. 194, 195). ANZOA^TEGUI: on sides of boulder, along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan- tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61660. Polypodium haplophlebicum A. C. Smith. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Ri'o Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62654. Known other- wise only from Cerro Duida. Polypodium lanceolatum L. SUCRE: fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, on limestone boul- ders, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes near summit of eastern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62569. MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62048. ANZOATEGUI: fronds subcoriaceous, rich green, on ex- posed boulders, on knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan- tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61646. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 753 Polypodium leucatomos Poir. (P. decumanum Willd.) MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds grass-green, in coffee hacienda of Intendente de Tierras y Bosques, on north side of Rio Carlpe, Ca- ripe, alt. 850 m., 62160. Polypodium leucosporum Klotzsch. MONAGAS: creeping on moss over boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62109. Polypodium meridense Klotzsch. SUCRE: in crevices of bluff, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62589. The same species was collected by Tate (nos. 283, 320, 322). Polypodium moniliforme Lag. SUCRE: in rock crevices, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62587. Also collected by Tate (nos. 257, 325;. Polypodium Moritzianum Link. MONAGAS: on boulders along streambed, along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61957. Found on Cerro Turu- miquire by Tate (no. 120). Polypodium pectinatum L. (sens. lat. ). MONAGAS: terrestrial among limestone boulders, between Caripe and San Agustm, alt. 900-950 m., 61778; on boulder, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62080; along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of moun- tain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850- 1350 m., 61960a. Polypodium polypodioides var. Burchellii (Baker) Weatherby. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte, forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500- 600 m., 67726. Polypodium repens Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: fronds erect, membranaceous, woods along Ri'o Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Ber- gantfn, alt. 500 m., 61033. "Rhizomes boiled in water of 'guarapo' used in treating fevers." 754 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Polypodium thyssanolepis A. Braun. MONAGAS: on rock, vicinity of San Agustfn, in valley northwest of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61867. Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor C. Chr. MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds erect, firmly membranaceous, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61910. Elaphoglossum andicola (Fee) Moore. ANZOATEGUI: on boulders, along knife-edge crest of ridge lead- ing to summit, Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61648. Agrees with Fendler 296, from Colonia Tovar, cited by Moore, which specimen was cited also in the original description of E. sporadolepis (Kunze) Moore, a probable synonym. The Steyer- mark specimen was growing with E. cuspidatum. Elaphoglossum cuspidatum (Willd.) Moore. SUCRE: terrestrial, sterile fronds erect, subcoriaceous, dull green above with gray-buff scales, gray-buff to buff-tawny beneath, fertile fronds brown-black beneath, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m. , 62508. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial among boulders, fronds erect, deep green above, silvery-fulvous beneath, cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin and Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61548; ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peom'a, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 67648. Elaphoglossum firmum (Mett.) Urban. MONAGAS: terrestrial, fronds erect, coriaceous, El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62039. Elaphoglossum glossophyllum Hieron. SUCRE: terrestrial, fronds erect, coriaceous, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62581. Previously collected by Tate (nos. 765, 766), but otherwise known only from Colombia. Elaphoglossum pilosum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Moore ex char. ANZOATEGUI: fronds erect, dull green above, brownish-green beneath, crevices of bluff at top, cloud forest of Fila Grande, head- waters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin and Cerro Peom'a (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 67549. The BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 755 type was collected by Humboldt in the Cerro Turumiquire. The Colombian plants referred to this species by Hieronymus (Bot. Jahrb. 24: 546. 1904) may be different. A probable synonym is E. viscosum var. minus Moore (Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, Fendler 272, isotype US). Elaphoglossum rigidum (Aublet) Urban. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial, fronds erect, subcoriaceous, summit of Cerro Peonia (Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantm, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1450 m., 61408. Hymenodium crinitum (L.) Fee. MONAGAS: epiphyte, fronds subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green beneath or almost silvery, the hairs brown-black, Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m.,; 622 10a. GLEICHENIACEAE Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62251. May be distinguished from S. rubiginosus by the densely brown-lanose covering of the lower sur- faces of die young fronds. OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda cinnamomea L. SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62698. EQUISETACEAE Equisetum bogotense H.B.K. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62640. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62087. LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integerrimum Spring. SUCRE: stems creeping, the fertile erect, valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turu- 756 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 miquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62709. Lycopodium aqualupianum Spring. MONAGAS: epiphyte in upper branches of tree, leaves chartaceous- subcoriaceous, 4-ranked, rich green, forested summit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62005. Lycopodium caracasicum Herter. SUCRE: stems erect, crevices of boulders, Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62621. MIRANDA: terrestrial, tips of stems slightly nodding to drooping, summit of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2765 m«» 62976; epiphyte, same locality, 62976a. Previously collected on Pico de Naiguata by Pittier (no. 6248) in May, 1913? also represented in the U.S. National Herbarium from Silla de Caracas, D. F. (Pittier 8369). Lycopodium clavatum L. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62477. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m.,; 62708. ANZOATEGUI: stems creeping, with erect branches, south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Paja- ritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61600. Lycopodium complanatum var. tropic urn Spring. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62497; moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62633. ANZOATEGUI: creeping along ridge crest in exposed shaly spots, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61599. Lycopodium Jussiaei Desv. SUCRE: stems erect-ascending, leaves rich green above, pale green beneath, Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colo- rado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62649. Lycopodium passerinoides H.B.K. MONAGAS: pendent epiphyte, wooded limestone slopes just below summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61931. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 757 Lycopodium perdulinum Hook. SUCRE: terrestrial, stems with drooping branches and appressed leaves, in sphagnum bog at base of sandstone bluffs of third peak of Cerro Tunimiquire, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62639. Lycopodium reflexum Lam. ANZOATEGUI: rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peoni'a (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rfo Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800- 2000 m., 61625. SUCRE: terrestrial, stems erect, Cerro Turumi- quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62613. MONAGAS: terrestrial, stems erect, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62090. Lycopodium roraimense Underw. & Lloyd. SUCRE: pendent epiphyte, leaves firmly membranaceous, Cerro Turumiquire, north- facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62469. Known otherwise from 'Mount Roraima and Colonia Tovar (A Hart 371). Lycopodium sp. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62069. SELAGINELLACEAE45 Selaginella cladorrhizans A. Braun. ANZOATEGUI: on moist edges of shaly or slaty limestone bluffs, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-500 m., 61191. Selaginella pallescens (Presl.) Spring. MONAGAS: fronds erect, rich green above, pale silvery-green beneath, on bluffs in exposed places, edge of cafetal, below lime- stone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and border- ing valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61881. OPHIOGLOSSACE AE 46 Botrychium cicutarium (Sav.) Swartz. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62562. First record from Venezuela. The species is known from several localities in Colombia. 45 By A. H. G. Alston 46 By Robert T. Clausen 758 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Ophioglossum reticulatum L. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between Rio Manzanares and La Trinidad, alt. 800-1300 m., 62770. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55465. The latter is noteworthy because it comes from the highest altitude that I have recorded for this species. The specimen consists of a single leaf which appears somewhat intermediate between this species and O. petiolatum. The present identification should be considered as doubtful until more plants from that locality have been studied. ANDES OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium Underwoodianum Maxon. Steyermark's collections no. 57516 and 57082 are respectively from the shore of Lake Mucubajf and the dry top of the Pa'ramo de la Negra, both localities in the state of Merida and within the altitudi- nal range already known for the species. Since the single leaf from the Paramo de la Negra is undeveloped, also the two from Lake Mucubajf may be juvenile, the smaller size than usual may not be important. Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker. MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 m.,;57079. South American collections of this species are few and without indication of definite locality. Steyermark's collection is the first recorded from Venezuela. The plants are small, with the blades varying from lance-ovate to elliptic-ovate. The venation is characteristic for the species and Steyermark's note, "frond fleshy," indicates another typical feature. The fertile segments, collected on July 7, 1944, are immature. Clausen states that the above "seven collections of Ophioglossa- ceae comprise five species. All are previously known from South America, but three, namely Botrychium cicutarium, Ophioglossum petiolatum and O. ellipticum were not recorded from Venezuela in my Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae (Mem. Torrey Club 19: 1-177. 1938). These three species may be new records for that country." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA •• IV 759 PODOCARPACEAE47 Key to species of Podocarpus in Venezuela: Leaves opposite, ovate, spread apart in one plane, with stomates on both sides. (Sect. Polypodiopsis). 1. P. Rospigliosii Leaves attached alternately in spiral series; stomates confined to lower surface. Leaves small, linear or needle-like, less than 4 mm. wide, spread apart distichously in one plane. (Sect. Stachycarpus). Leaves with a ridge above midvein, seldom nearly flat above 2» ?• Harmsianus Leaves with a groove above midvein, the groove sometimes an open channel .. 3« 'P • rnontanus var. meridensis Leaves large, or if small not spread distichously. (Sect. Eupodocarpus). Leaves large, broad and flat, more than 4 cm. long. Bud scales (vegetative) long acuminate, 3'4 or more times as long as wide. Upper leaf surfaces essentially flat or with a ridge only at petiole 4. P • Pittieri Upper leaf surface with a groove. Leaves lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long with revolute margins stiffly arched-spreading, recurved; bud scales large, becoming foliaceous 5. P- Steyermarkii Leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or obovate, thick and stiff, 5-12 cm. long, 12-17 mm. wide (on vigorous shoots and saplings up to 17 cm. long and- 24 mm. wide) 6. P. magnifolius Bud scales (vegetative) obtuse or acute, usually not apiculate. Leaves large, flat above (or with suppressed, in- conspicuous groove between two low ridges), about 11 cm. long and drooping, with margins smooth and swollen 7. P. pendulifolius Leaves with groove above midvein. ; Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; female peduncles 10-18 mm. long; seeds elongated, crested and ridged 8. P- oleifolius var. trujillensis Leaves oval or oblanceolate, broadly acute or obtuse; female peduncles 3-5 mm. long; seeds elongated, crested and ridged .9. P. oleifolius var. macros tachy us 47 By J. T. Buchholz and Nettie A. Gray 760 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Leaves small, at most 5 cm., usually less than 3 cm. long. Leaves with a ridge above midvein or a groove between 2 ridges and becoming flat toward tip, less than 3 cm. long (except on vigorous shoots up to 5 cm. long); bud scales slender, 3"4 times as long as wide .., 10. P. roraimae Leaves with a distinct groove above midvein, stiff, divaricately spreading, less than 2-2.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; bud scales ovate and apiculate ..11. P. tepuiensis 1. Podocarpus Rospigliosii Pilger. An evergreen tree 30*35 m. tall with flat frondose branches and twigs, clothed with ovate-lanceolate leaves, opposite, sessile, up to 22 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, in the lower parts of twigs grading down to 11 mm. long and 2.5 mm. "wide toward the tips of the twigs. Leaves amphistomatic with median vein, spread out by twisting at the base with adaxial sides exposed on one side of the twigs and with abaxial sides of leaves exposed on the opposite side, as in- dicated externally by decurrent leaf bases and internally by orienta- tion of xylem and phloem in vascular bundles. Buds naked. Leaves internally with hypoderm on both sides of the leaf interrupted by the stomates even at the midrib, vascular schlerenchyma of large fibres constantly present on the upper or xylem side and of smaller fibres rarely present on the lower or phloem side (not altered by orienta- tion). ' Single median vascular bundle flattened in cross section and flanked by transfusion tissue extending laterally into the leaf tissue, but no accessory transfusion tissue nor isolated sclerids in the mesophyll. Palisade tissue developed on both sides of leaf depending upon exposure. Resin canals 3-1 1> the median one sit- uated beneath the vascular bundle. "The male cones are placed at the apex of rather short, lateral axillary shoots borne by ordinary leafy branchlets. Each fertile shoot shows two to a few pairs of reduced and scale-like leaves (decussate arrangement; no twisting of the leaf bases). It carries one male cone terminally on the axis, and adjacently to this two cones in the axils of the uppermost pair of scales, and two more cones may in addition be placed in the same way, but some dis- tance from the shoot apex." Ovulate cones placed at the apex of short axillary shoots attached to the thicker branches rather than the more slender twigs. Each fertile shoot shows two growth zones belonging to two different seasons' growth. Leaves of the older part usually smaller than vegetative leaves with twisting of leaf base-s unless these leaves are reduced to scales, while the last season's growth includes two to four or more pairs of broader ovate-orbicular decussate bracts BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 761 (sterile cone scales) not twisted and appearing more gray-glaucous. The single inverted ovule borne in terminal position, with a single ovate bract on the side away from the micropyle. This ovular, slightly keeled bract, 4 mm. long by 3 mm. wide, persists, and while essentially free from the ovule, adheres sufficiently near its base fo fall away with the seed. Both ovules and seeds have a small crest at the terminal end. Seed obovoid, 20-30 mm. long and 12-18 mm. wide, not flattened, with micropyle below. The seed coat consists of an outer layer which becomes fleshy, a stony layer 1 mm. thick and an inner layer enclosing the endosperm. Both the stony layer and endosperm plus nucellus narrow to a conical spine or point at the micropyle, but covered by the fleshy layer of the seed so that this spine-like point is not observed unless the outer layer is removed. At the opposite end near the crest the stony layer is rounded. Hence, the crest is wholly a part of the fleshy layer, and may be broken off on mature seeds. These fruits become colored from blue-black to red, have been reported as edible (presumably as nuts) and are very attractive when ripe. Distribution: mountains of western Venezuela, eastern Colombia, and central Peru, at altitudes between 1700-2600 m. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: TACHIRA: between La Grita and Ye^tuines, John 99 (US); above La Grita, Steyermark 57112 (F, 111). MERIDA: no locality data, Pittier 12756 (US); above La Carbonera, Steyermark 56049 (F, 111); Canagua, Steyermark 56370 (F, 111); no locality data, Sardi 6672 (Ven, 111); above Jaji, Steyer- mark 55999, with ovules, mature seeds in packet (F, 111). 2. Podocarpus Harmsianus Pilger. (Fig. 1). An evergreen tree with dark brown scaly bark becoming 15 m. high or higher with a trunk diameter up to 40 cm. Branchlets slen- der and somewhat loosely leafy. Leaves coriaceous, spirally arranged distichously spread in one plane, patent, oblong-lanceolate, straight or falcate or somewhat s-shaped, acute or short angustate above and below and narrowly sessile, 15-27 mm. long, 3*5 mm. wide, when young pruinose except midrib which is obtusely promi- nent above and less prominent or flat beneath where midvein sepa- rates the two bands of stomates. Pollen cones borne in spikes of about 15, spreading divaricately, up to 10 mm. long and borne in the axile of very minute elliptic acute bracts (these 2 mm. long), surrounded at the base by small appressed imbricated scales. Microsporophylls broad with a large triangular obtuse upturned apex lacerated at the margins, with two laterally placed microsporangia dehiscing laterally and horizontally. Ovulate cones greatly reduced consisting of a slender modified branch about 25 mm. long, clothed only with minute scales below 762 FIELDIAMA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Explanation of Figure 1. Upper: Podocarpus Harmsianus Photo of isotype, Fendler 1289 (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.) Lower: Podocarpus Harmsianus Tamayo 1575, from specimen cultivated at Colonia Tovar, Aragua, showing seed on reproductive branch. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 763 (soon deciduous). Strobilar axis bearing one or more inverted ovules near tip, attached laterally in the axil of a bract half as long as the ovule. Seed not flattened, only slightly crested and with a thin fleshy outer seed coat not greatly wrinkled in drying. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DISTRITO FEDERAL: Silla de Caracas, O. Kuntze 1611 (F, NY, US); Steyermark 55146 (F, 111); Delgado 338 (Ven). ARAGUA: Colonia. Tovar, Fendler 1289, isotypes (G with pollen cones, MBG, PH); Tamayo 1575 with seeds (Ven); Delgado 174, topotype (with seed of P. Rospig- liosii in packet, F, without seed, US); Alto de Nor Leon, John, topo- type with ovulate strobilus (Fig. 1), US. 3. Podocarpus montanus var. meridensis Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 71-71. 1948. A tree with distichous foliage similar to P. montanus. It differs from P. montanus and its var. densifolius in having a seed smaller than either. The crest of the seed usually composed of a pair of partially fused spine-like projections, or these spines may be com- pletely fused resembling the seed of P. montanus, but in a much smaller seed. Leaves similar to P. montanus var. densifolius or intermediate in size, with the groove above midvein sometimes more Open. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, Steyermark 55459 (F, 111). TRUJILLO: Cerro de la Mesa de Esnujaque, Schnee 50 (111, Ven); Schnee 55 (111, Ven). MERIDA: Timotes, Delgado 366 (Ven); arriba de Chachopo, Schnee 33 (111, Ven). TACHIRA: below Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57103 (F, 111, Type); Klugh (Ven). 4. Podocarpus Pittieri Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 130-131. 1948. (Fig. 2). A tree up to 10 m. tall with trunk up to 40 cm. in diameter, with leaves somewhat crowded on twigs. Terminal buds with scales long acuminate, 5-15 mm. long (sometimes longer [25 mm. J and appearing foliaceous). Leaves coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, falcate, angu- state, smooth and flat above, with midvein scarcely manifest above, except near petiole but raised beneath, 6-18 cm. long, 7-16 mm. wide. Pollen cones (fide Schnee) sessile and solitary in leaf axils surrounded at base by several scales, leaf axils, cylindrical, be- coming 4 cm. long. Ovulate cones on slender peduncles becoming 12-24 mm. long; receptacle of 2-3 fused thickened scales becoming fleshy, 6-10 mm. long, 5-7 wide. Seed broadly ovoid, 8-12 mm. long, 7-9 nun. wide with a very small crest. Distribution: coastal range of Venezuela in the high dense forests at 1400-2140 m. 764 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Explanation of Figure 2. Upper: Podocarpus Pittieri Lower: Podocarpus Steyermarkii Pittier 8298. Sttyermarl^ 60876, showing bud and seed BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 765 Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DlSTRITO FEDERAL: Cerro del Avila, Pittier 8298 (F, G, type coll., US); Lasser 999 (US); Tamayo 1382 (US); Williams 10633 (F); Delgado 205 (F, US); Whitford 50 (G); upper Cotiza near Caracas, Pittier 7396 (G, US); on crest at Caracas, Curran & Haman 1110 (G, NY, US); east of Junquito, Steyermark 57035 (F, 111). ARAGUA: prope Coloniam Tovar, Fendler 1228 or 1288 (G, MBG, YU). State unknown: Williams 9929 (F). 5. Podocarpus Steyermarkii Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 133. 1948. Tree 7-12 m. tall. Twigs with crowded foliage and with terminal buds having scales long-attenuate, 5~l6 mm. long and longer (tend- ing to become foliaceous). Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, arched- spreading, recurved from twigs, 4-8 cm. long, 6-11 mm. broad, dark shiny green above, with a distinct groove or sulcus above midvein, their margins somewhat revolute, lower surface dull, pale to silvery green with lower midrib strongly elevated. Pollen cones unknown. Ovulate cones on stout axillary peduncles 7-10 mm. long, receptacle 7-8 mm. long. Seed silvery green, ridged, and minutely crested. Specimens examined: BOLIVAR: upper slopes of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 2100-2400 m., Steyermark 60876 (F, type, 111). 6. Podocarpus magnifolius Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 133-134. 1948. (Fig. 3). Tree 60 feet or more high with straight trunk and suberect spread- ing branches. Twigs stout, the terminal buds with thick short acuminate scales. Leaves coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, the smaller ones sometimes oblanceolate, erect-ascending, dark green above, acute to shortly acuminate, the small leaves sometimes ob- tuse, cuneately narrowed to a winged 3-5 mm. long petiole, with shallow groove, above at midvein, or a groove between two ridges, lower side dull paler green with an irregularly fluted or blunt ridge at the midvein. Leaves of reproductive twigs 5*9 cm« l°ng an^ 12-17 mm. wide, those of vigorous shoots and saplings becoming up to 17 cm. long and 24 mm. wide. Pollen cones sessile, solitary and axil- lary (only small cones emerging from buds seen), their sporophylls crowded with the apex of sporophyll developed, acute-obtuse, scar- ious and denticulate. Distribution: Bolivia (through Brazil) to eastern Venezuela, the former at elevation of 850-950 m., the latter at 1600 m. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: southeast- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, Steyermark 59989 (F, type, 111.) 766 FIET.DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Explanation of Figure 3. Podocarpus magnifolius Steyermark 59989. showing portion of branch BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 767 Explanation of Figure 4. Upper: Podocarpus pendulifolius Steyermark 57114, showing staminate cones Lower: Podocarpus pendulifolius Steyermark 57215. showing seeds 768 FDELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 0) bo CD t) V OB C eg *o •~ L. hc <0 ••*» «3 c ft) •o c a CO lens is -c 3 -a c • r* •»4 -o M^ •F* "o a" V. V V 09 '•-. 3 E i; C 0 u gg C a ac c c D a o _= 09 r\ 3 fr a K s a « -« a i U 0 t. o o c «» "5 o ^ o k a. * ex to § 4-1 ^ c4 *-! BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 769 7. Podocarpus pendulifolius Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Am. Arb. 29: 138. 1948. (Fig. 4). Small tree 6-7 m. tall (monoecious according to Steyermark). Twigs stout with large spherical buds. Bud scales broadly ovate, usually obtuse and scarious, keeled. Leaves drooping, very coria- ceous, pale green, very shiny, narrowly lanceolate, flaccate, those of vigorous shoots more nearly linear, acuminate, flat above mid vein or double ridged with shallow groove between: margins (of leaves) smooth and swollen, not revolute. Pollen cones arising from sessile axillary buds with numerous broadly ovate scales, cylindrical, becoming 2 cm. long or longer and 6-7 mm. wide. Microsporophylls broadly expanded at tip, obtuse, scarious and denticulate at margins. Ovulate cones axillary on peduncles becoming 7-10 mm. 'long; receptacle glaucous, about as long as seed. Seed glaucous green, spherical or slightly elongated with a very small obtuse crest. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: TACHIRA and MERIDA: below Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57115 with seeds, type (111), 57114 with pollen cones (F, ill), 57113, young ovulate cones (111). MERIDA: between La Cumbre, San Jose, and Mucutuy, Steyermark 56238 (F, 111). 8. Podocarpus oleifolius var. trujillensis Buchh. & Gray, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 141. 1948. (Fig. 5). : A tree closely related to P. oleifolius as shown by their vegetative buds with ovate bud scales, which are more carinate and narrower. Leaves broader toward tip and less pointed than P. oleifolius^ intermediate between this and P. oleifolius var. macrostachyus, but considerably longer (than var. macrostachyus). Pollen cones un- a pair of fleshy scales with tips broadly clasping scales. Seeds elongated, crested and ridged very similar to var. macrostachyus. Specimens examined: ^ VENEZUELA: TRUJILLO: Steyermark 55335 (F, type, 111). MERIDA: Gehriger 469 (A, F, NY, PH, US, Ven); Steyermark 56587 (F, 111). LARA: Steyermark 55222 (F, 111). 9. Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus (Parl.) Buchh. & Gray, Journ, Arn. Arb. 29: 140. 1948. (Fig. 6). A tree up to 15 m. tall with leaves crowded on much branched twigs. Vegetative terminal buds sperical, scales thick, ovate, obtuse with scarious margins. Leaves crowded, spreading, some- what shiny, dark green above, paler dull green beneath, very stiffly coriaceous, elliptical, short oblanceolate, obtuse, gradually narrowed to a short petiole, 2-5 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, with a distinct groove above the midvein, a ridge beneath. Pollen cones on peduncles 3*5 mm. long, arising from buds in the axils of leaves of previous year, cylindrical 2.5-3 cm. long, about 3-4 mm. in dia- 770 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Explanation of Figure 6. Upper: Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus Fendler 1287 Lower: Podocarpus oleifolius var. macrostachyus Steyermark 56968 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 771 meter, with many thick obtuse carinate scales at base of cone. Microsporophylls with obtuse upturned apiculus. Female cones axil- lary on peduncles about 5 mm. long; receptacle fleshy, about 11 mm. long, of 2 scales free at obtuse tip. Ovules 1-2. Seeds ovoid 10-12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, distinctly crested at apex. In Venezuela alone this variety might have the value of a distinct species, but it becomes too variable to be recognized in Colombia. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: DISTRITO FEDERAL: El Junquito, Steyermark 56968 (F, 111); Steyermark 56967 (F, 111); Schnee 32 (111, Ven.) ARAGUA: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1287 (isotype, NY, PH, G); Moritz 1677 (F, G). MERIDA: Paramo above San Isidro Alto, Steyermark 56552 (F, 111). TA'cHIRA: Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, Steyermark 57085 (F, 111). 10. Podocarpus roraimae Pilger, in Notiz. Bot. Gard. Berlin 5: 229. 1903- A tree 10-15 m. tall with dense foliage crowded on numerous branched branchlets. Vegetative buds globose with outer scales acuminate attenuate, becoming foliaceous. Leaves oval or obovate to oblanceolate, shortly rotundate-angustate at tip somewhat obtuse, gradually narrowed toward the base into a short petiole, 1.5-3 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide (those of vigorous branches and juvenile foliage shortly subapiculate, up to 6 cm. long and 8 mm. wide), shiny dark green above, dull green beneath, with an indistinct ridge above the midvein, often replaced (especially toward the tip) by two smaller ridges with a faint groove between. Pollen cones unknown. Female peduncle 4-5 mm. long; receptacle 6 mm. long. Seed elongated, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, with ridge and minute crest. Distribution: Venezuela-Brazil border westward to Mount Duida, at 2000-3000 m. Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Mount Roraima, Vie 40 (photo of type, F, G, fragment of type, F); Steyermark 58949 (F \2 sheets], 111). TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: Mount Duida, summit of peak no. 7, Tate 659 (NY, US). 11. Podocarpus tepuiensis Buchh. & Gray, Joum. Am. Arb. 29: 134-135. 1948. (Fig. 7). Tree 10-15 m. tall with trunk up to 30 cm. in diameter. Buds small, with scales broadly triangular, apiculate up to 2 mm. long. Leaves densely crowded, broadly lanceolate, acute, 1.5-2 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, grooved above midvein, midrib prominent on lower side below middle (of leaf), slightly revolute at margin, shiny dark green above, dull green below, the base cuneately narrowed with short peduncle or sessile. Pollen cones solitary, axillary, sessile, up to 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Microsporophylls with scarious upturned tips. Seeds 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, beak crested. 772 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Specimens examined: VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepui', alt. 1700-1800 m., Steyermark 59715 (F, 111); Steyermark 59716 (F, type, 111). Explanation of Figure 7. Podocarpus tepuiensis Steyermark 59716 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 773 TYPHACEAE ANDES Typha domingensis Pers. ME RID A: swamp, in forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1310-1340 m., '56081. In the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana" three species of Typha are given: T. angustifolia L., T. domingensis Pers., and T. latifolia L. It is probable that all three refer to one and the same species, T. domingensis. As Fernald has shown, many specimens of T. latifolia and T. angustifolia from South America in the Gray Herbar- ium are misidentified T. truxillensis (- domingensis). In the Her- barium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, this likewise is the situation, not only in South American, but in Central American material as well. NAJADACEAE RORAIMA Najas conferta R. fir. BOLIVAR: shallow water of slow stream, Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m«> 59164. A dark green aquatic herb. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. ALISMACEAE RORAIMA Sagittaria pugioniformis L. BOLIVAR: meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina Pastora, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59258. An aquatic herb with showy white petals, 3 cm. long. The brick-brown stems are submerged about half their length in 2-3 feet of water. The lower half of the leaves is submerged, while the upper half protrudes above the sur- face of the water. First record for Venezuela. GRAMINEAE 48 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Aristida tincta Trin. & Rupr. Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57770. Colombia to Peru, Suri- nam, and Brazil. By Jason R. Swallen 774 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Chloris mollis (Nees) Swallen. Woodland between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57792 b. Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase. Sabana Grande, alt. 200 m., 57859. Guatemala; Panama to Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay. Mesosetum rottboelioides (H.B.K.) Hitchc. Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58491. Venezuela, British Guiana, and northern Brazil. Axonopus affinis Chase. Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57773. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Ecuador and Argentina. Axonopus aureus Beauv. Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57769. Brit- ish Honduras and the West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil. P asp alum hyalinum Nees. Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58479. Venezuela and Brazil. Panic urn Kappleri Steud. Swampy rills in savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57830. Venezuela and Surinam. Panicuni cyanescens Nees. Leaves blue green, swampy savanna between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57802; savanna, between Esmeralda Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, alt. 200 m., 57783. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil. Panicuni Rudgei Roem. & Schult. In clump 3 ft. tall, woodland, between Esmeralda Savanna and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57791. Colombia to Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil. Ichnanthus panicoides Beauv. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 225 m., 57945. Colom- bia to French Guiana and northern Brazil; Peru. Olyra micrantha H.B.K. Culms erect, 3 ft. tall, leaves gray green below, forest along Cano Negro, alt. 260 m., 58075. Colombia to Surinam, Bolivia, and Paraguay. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 775 Olyra longifolia H.B.K. Culms 10 ft. tall, leaves gray green below, grass green above, along Orinoco River, at mouth of Rio Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58431. Colombia to Peru, Surinam, and northern Brazil. Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen. In shade of boulders, Esmeralda Ridge, alt. 150 m., 57732. Trini- dad; Venezuela to Surinam and northern Brazil. Pariana vulgaris Tutin. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 215 ro«» 57914. Vene- zuela, Peru, British Guiana, and northern Brazil. Pharus virescens Doell. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), alt. 215 m., 57922. Domini- can Republic; Guatemala to Brazil and Peru. Trachypogon ligularis Nees. Sabana Grande, alt. 200 m., 57858. Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. Tripsacum australe Cutler and Anders. "Cano bravo," forming dense thickets, the culms 10 ft. tall, de- cumbent at base, between Sabana Grande and Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57875. Colombia to British Guiana, Bolivia, and Paraguay. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Arthrostylidium sp. Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58293; sterile, no culm sheaths. Arthrostylidium sp. In slightly more moist wooded thickets, Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58155; sterile, no culm sheaths. Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase. Common, Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58257. Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil. Panicum curvifolium Swallen. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58226a. Described from Mount Duida; previously known only from the type. Panicum polycomum Trin. Summit of Cerro Duida, along rocky banks of Cano Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58206. Co- lombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, and Brazil. 776 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58281. RORAIMA Chusquea linearis N. E. Brown. Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2140 m., 58690; summit, on northwest portion north and north- west of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58814; both sterile, no culm sheaths. Arthrostylidium sp. On southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58920; sterile, no culm sheaths. Cortaderia columbiana (Pilger) Pilger. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58726. Cortaderia roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Pilger. Common on morros on exposed flat rocky surfaces, on northwest portion of summit north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620- 2740 m., 58851. Known only from Mount Roraima and Mount Ptari-tepvu. Aristida recurvata HBK. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ni., 59249a; southwest-facing slopes of Mount Roraima between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59025. British Honduras; Panama; Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil. Aristida rip aria Trin. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59215. Venezuela to Paraguay; Bolivia. Aristida tincta Trin. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru', in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59079. Colom- bia to Peru, Surinam, and Brazil. Aristida Pittieri Henr. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59167. Colombia to British Guiana. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 777 Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc. Dry burned areas, Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-pani, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59046. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Colombia and British Guiana; Brazil (Matto Grosso); Bolivia. Gymnopogon foliosus (Willd.) Nees. Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59203. West Indies; Venezuela to Surinam and Brazil; Peru. Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl. On sandstone bluffs of Roraima, between Rondon Camp and base of bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58995. Mexico to Bolivia. Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchc. In water of wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meni and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59219. Alabama, Cuba, Vene- zuela, and Brazil. Arundinella hispida (D.C.) Kuntze. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59132; forested southwest-facing que- brada near Rondon Camp, on slopes of Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58664. Panama to Argentina. Leptocorypheum lanatum (H.B.K.) Nees. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59301. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59058. Guate- mala; Panama to Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay. Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase. Common, Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59040. Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil. Axonopus caulescens (Mez) Henr. Forested southwest-facing quebrada on Mount Roraima near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58653; same locality, alt. ;2040-2130 m., 58696. Surinam and Venezuela. 778 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Axonopus kaietukensis S wall en. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59242. British Guiana (Kaieteur Savannas [type]), and Venezuela. Paspalum contractum Pilger. Southwest-facing slopes of Mount Roraima between base of moun- tain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59024. Colombia to British Guiana and northern Brazil. Paspalum pectinatum Nees. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, tributary of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59150. Mexico (Oaxaca) to Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. Paspalum hyalinum Nees. Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59157. Venezuela and Brazil. Paspalum gossipinum Mez. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, (tributary of Rib Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59145. Venezuela and Brazil. Panicum stenodoides F. T. Hubb. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915'1005 m., 59273. Britisli Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Brazil. Panicum Rudgei Roem. & Schult. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru anid Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 nu, 59249. Colombia to Bolivia, French Guiana, and Brazil. Panicum parvifolium Lam. Culms in dense colonies, ascending, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59275. Panicum Kappleri Steud. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru' in valley of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59081. Vene- zuela and Surinam. Panicum cyanescens Nees. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru in valley of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59077; BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 779 southwest-facing slopes of Roraima, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58643. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil. Panicum eligulatum N. £. Brown. Common on exposed flat rocky slopes, in colonies, on northwest portion of summit, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620- 2740 m., 58856. Described from Mount Roraima. Previously known only from the type collection. Panicum olyroides H.B.K. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59240. Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59232. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Isachne ligulata Swallen. In colonies, forested south west- facing slopes of Roraima between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 59009; forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58656. Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Olyra micrantha H.B.K. Along wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'- meru and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukena'n north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59224. Colombia to Surinam, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Raddiella nana (Doell) Swallen. Between base of Roraima at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59018. Trinidad; Venezuela to Surinam and northern Brazil. Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv. "Cari-yarena." Southwest-facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58641. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay. Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth. Southwest-facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830- 1920 m., 58626. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Ecuador and Brazil. Trachypogon ligularis Nees. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59059. Colom- bia, Venezuela, and Brazil. 780 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Trachypogon vestitus Anders. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59147. Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Peru. Elionurus adustus (Trin.) Ekman. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in vall.ey of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59061, 59100. Colombia to British Guiana and Argentina; Bolivia. Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59055; southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59020, 59035, 59036. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina. Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m., 59116. South- ern United States and the West Indies to Paraguay and Brazil. Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59241. Florida, the West Indies, and eastern Mexico to Ecuador and Argentina. Andropogon virgatus L. Southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59013. The West Indies and Costa Rica to Brazil. Andropogon bicornis L. Southwest-facing slopes between base of Roraima at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59012. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina. Andropogon leucostachyus H.B.K. Along streamlet, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59133; between Kun and Uaduara-panf, in valley of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m., 59045. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Stapf. Common, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59243. Southern Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 781 PTARI-TEPUI Arthrostylidium sp. Ptari-tepui, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," observed from above camp site to base of bluffs and on bluffs proper, alt. 1810-2100 m., 59525; sterile, no culm sheaths; summit of Carrao-tepui', alt. 2470- 2500 m., 60906, also sterile, is believed to be conspecific. Arthrostylidium sp. On densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 2100-2200 m., 60182, "common"; sterile, no culm sheaths. ? Arthrostylidium sp. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60759; sterile, no culm sheaths. Chusquea linearis N. E. Brown. Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59955; summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2400-2470 m., 60905; both sterile, no culm sheaths. Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv. "Peurauyek" (Indian); "Veroz" (Spanish); the stem is used for arrows, the arrow part called "peurau"; lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kava- nayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60586. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. Cortaderia roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Pilger. On moist face of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepui, alt. ;2400-2410 m., 59608. Previously known only from the type col- lection from Mount Roraima. Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl. Rocky hematite, open slopes, Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225*2255 m., 60077. Mexico to Bolivia. Arundinella hispida (D.C.) Kuntze. Rocky hematite, summit of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225*2255 nu> 60074. Panama to Argentina. Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchc. Rocky stream bank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rib Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava- naye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60492. Alabama, Cuba, Venezuela, and Brazil. 782 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Leptocorypheum lanatum (H.B.K.) Nees. Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60315. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1600 m., 59666; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be- tween Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m.," 60246. Colombia to British Guiana and Brazil. Thrasya robusta Hitchc. & Chase. "Wiri-yu." Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rib Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915*1065 m., 60575. Trinidad, Colombia, and Venezuela. Thrasya trinitensis Mez. Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60314. Trinidad, British Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, and northern Brazil. Mesosetum rottboelioides (H.B.K.) Hitchc. Savanna bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60332. Vene- zuela, British Guiana and northern Brazil. Axonopus caulescens (Mez) Henr. By edge of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1616 m., 60207. Surinam (Table Mountain) and Venezuela. Described from Mount Roraima. Hasp alum decumbens Swartz. On moist rocky banks, Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60501; rocky stream bank on densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui' along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59455. Guatemala and the West Indies to Brazil and Bolivia. Paspalum hyalinum Nees. Savanna bordering forest of Ri'o Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60313. Vene- zuela and Brazil. Panicum poly co mum Trin. Wet sandy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Tere- sita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa, alt. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 783 1220 m., 59346. Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana and northern Brazil. Panicum cyanescens Nees. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065- 1220 m., 60362. Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil. Panicum Tatei Swallen. (P. tropidoblephare Tutin). Wet sandy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Tere- sita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59343; Ptari-tepui, sandy and rocky sandstone exposures, on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59669. The latter specimen differs from the preceding and also from the type of P. Tatei in having rather densely hairy foliage. Specimens collected from the Kaieteur Savannas, British Guiana, are intermediate, the leaves being hairy only toward the summit of the sheaths and at the base of the blade. Panicum glutinosum Swart z. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915*1065 m«» 60529. Colom- bia to Bolivia and Argentina. Panicum pantricum Hack. Sprawling, ascending, in dense colonies, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59906. Panama to Brazil. Panicum pandum Swallen. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be- tween Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60327a. Previously known only from the type collection from Mount Auyan-tepui. Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitchc. & Chase. Edge of conuco, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915'1065 m., 60547. Guatemala and the West Indies to Ecuador and Brazil. Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro. Ptari-tepui, south-facing densely forested slopes along fastrrunning stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59432. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. & Chase. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065- 784 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 1220 m., 60429. British Honduras and Trinidad to Colombia and Brazil. Isachne ligulata Swallen. Crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255 m*,60107a. Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Olyra lateralis (Presl) Chase. "Wanak," Indian name for grass thatch in general; by waterfall, swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rib Karuai, at south-western base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60705; margin of woods bordering savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59380. Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Peru, and Bolivia. Erianthus asper Nees. Along woods in draw, summit of Sororopah-tepui', alt. 2225'2255 m., 60084. Venezuela, -Brazil and Argentina (Missiones). Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth. Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60318. South- eastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina. Andropogon virgatus L. Savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60319. South- eastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina. Andropogon bicornis L. Crest of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2255 m.,_ 60128. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina. Andropogon leucostachyus H.B.K. Dry savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m. , 59384. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Trachypogon ligularis Nees. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1600 m., 59667. Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Arthrostylidium Trinii Rupr. ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61115, 61116; both in flower, but lacking culm sheaths. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 785 Arthrostylidium sp. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61633; sterile, no culm sheaths. Chusquea Fendleri Munro. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61635; in flower, but lacking culm sheaths. Streptochaeta spicata Schrad. "Carrizillo." ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61087. Guatemala and Trinidad to Ecuador and Brazil. Brachypodium mexicanum Link. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62489. Mexico to Bolivia. Eragrostis domingensis (Presl) Steud. SUCRE: along lagoon below coconut trees, valley of Bordones, southwest of Cumaria, 0-10 m., 62889. The West Indies and south- eastern Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela. Streptogyne crinita Beauv. SUCRE: along stream in shade, southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62845. Mexico (Vera Cruz) and Trinidad to northern Brazil. Zeugites mexicana (Kunth) Trin. ANZOATEGUI: steep forested slopes above headwaters of Que- brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peom'a (Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1700 m., 61554. Southern Mexico to Bolivia. Trisetum irazuense (Kunth) Hitchc. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62488. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62083. Mexico to Ecuador. Agrostis Humboldtiana Steud. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern 786 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 peak, alt. 2500 m., 62608; moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62630; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Tururaiquire), and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62710. Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia. Calamagrostis Pittieri Hack. ANZOATEGUI: along crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonfa (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan- tiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61654. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62599. Colombia and Venezuela. Pereilema Beyrichianum (Kunth) Hitchc. "Sabisoro montanera." ANZOATEGUI: along ledges of bluffs, by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400-500 m., 61198. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Brazil. Sporobolus cubensis Hitchc. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62389. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil and Bolivia. Aristida cogrtata Trin. & Rupr. SUCRE: dry rocky chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana, alt. 30 m., 62879. Venezuela. Aristida setifolia H.B.K. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol- lar, alt. 820 m., 62388. Venezuela and northern Brazil. Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth. MONAGAS: common on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62054. Mex- ico to Argentina. Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. & Bonpl. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras» north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62088. Mexico to Bolivia. Arundinella hispida (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61821. Panama to Argentina. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 787 Trichachne sacchariflora (Raddl) Chase. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol- lar, alt. 820 m., 62395. Venezuela to Peru and Argentina. Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares, along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62412. Texas to Florida; Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Digitaria horizontals Willd. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61828. Throughout tropical and subtropical regions. P asp alum plicatuluni var. longipilum Hack. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61826. Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. Panicum glutinosum Swartz. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61827. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Panicum Sellowii Nees. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61825. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. Panicum tremulosum Mez. ANZOATEGUI: along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61643. Venezuela. Ichnanthus tenuis (Presl) Hitchc. ANZOATEGUI: along Ri'o Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61328. British Honduras and Trinidad to Colombia and Brazil. Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro. "Cuerda de pipe." ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rib Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61032. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hitchc. "Pito-pito." ANZOATEGUI: edge of conuco, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61115. Mexico to Peru. 788 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitchc. & Chase. MONAGAS: brushy open slopes of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 900 m., 61869. Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina. Isachne rigens (Swartz) Trin. ANZOATEGUI: on rocky exposed portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head- waters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantih, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61601a. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62659. Jamaica, Colombia, and Venezuela. Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. "Paja del Rio." ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tribu- tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800- 1000 m., 61272, 61291. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Olyra cordifolia H.B.K. "Carrizilla." ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1100 m., 61101. Southern Mexico to British Guiana and northern Brazil; Peru. Pharus parvifolius Nash. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62181. Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil. Pharus glaber H.B.K. ANZOATEGUI: between Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos) and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantfn, alt. 900-1600 m., 61706. Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil. Pharus latifolius L. "Botoncillo." ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61270. British Honduras and the West Indies to Peru and Brazil. Eriochrysis cayennensis Beauv. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex- tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rfo de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62724. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay. Elyonurus adustus (Trin.) Ekra. "Cabezona." SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 789 valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62385. Colombia to British Guiana, Bolivia, and Argentina. Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth. ANZOATEGUI: on rocky exposed portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61637. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), and Cerro de Neveri', along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62723. Southeastern United States and the West Indies to Argentina. Andropogon condensatus var. panic ulatus (Kunth) Hack. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol- lar, alt. 820 m., 62394. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Andropogon bicornis L. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex- tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62729. ANZOA- TEGUI: along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manan- tiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61642. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Argentina. Andropogon leucostachys H.B.K. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62393; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (west- ern extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Rib de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62714. Mexico and the West Indies to Argentina. Hyparrhenia bracteata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Stapf. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61815. Mexico to Paraguay. Tripsacum latifolium Hitchc. "Guatemala." "Pasto Cubano." MONAGAS: planted as forage, along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61963. Southern Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. 790 FEELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CYPERACEAE Tribe CYPEREAE RORAIMA Cyperus digitatus Roxb. BOLIVAR: along rocky cascades of Ri'o Upata, west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57553. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. PTARI-TEPuf Cyperus Haspan L., subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kuk. BOLIVAR: by fast water in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 603 34 a. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Cyperus laevigatus L. SUCRE: creeping at hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62858. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. Cyperus oxlepis Nees. SUCRE: around airport at Cumana, alt. 5 m., 57653. Tribe SCIRPEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Bulbostylis aturensis (Maury) C. B. Clarke. Moist pockets in rocks, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58495. This diminutive species was originally collected in the vicinity of Atures on the Orinoco River by Maury, and described by him in 1889 as a new species of Scirpus. The present collection, just south of the type locality, is the second one known. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth. Dry gravelly open place in savanna between Esmeralda Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57785. Bulbostylis leucostachya (H.B.K.) Kunth. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rib Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58477. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 791 Eleocharis a(f. subfoliata Clarke. 48a On moist banks along Rio Sanariapo, 58492. Eleocharis subfoliata is an aquatic species known from Brazil and British Guiana. RORAIMA Bulbostylis junciformis (H.B.K.) Lindm. Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 5902 2a. Eleocharis capillacea Kunth.48b Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenah and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59261 and 59281. A creeping plant with black achenes, known pre- viously only from southern Brazil and Paraguay. 48c Eleocharis squamigera Svenson. Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondo'n Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58985. Known previously only from Jaguarihyna, Parana, Brazil. The markings are less prominent than in the original collection (cf. Rhodora, pi. 320, fig- 8). PTARI -TEPUl' Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth.48d Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60507. Cespitose, with trigonous white to brown achenes. Mexico to Argentina. Eleocharis pachystyla (C. Wright) Clarke.48* Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59048. A coarse species with obovate heads, known from Cuba to Colombia. This collection has many of the achenes somewhat flattened rather than trigonous; some of the styles are correspondingly bifid. 48aBy H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson ^kfiy H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson 48cBy H. K. Svenson 792 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kuntb. SUCRE: on ledge east of Boquefon, Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge ridge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62681. A of Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban. SUCRE: in mats along stream, headwaters of Rio de Amana, in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of south- ern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri', alt. 2000 m., 62746. A creeping plant with lenticular brown achenes. Southern United States to Brazil. Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl. SUCRE: in dense tufts along lagoon below coconut trees, sand dunes and flats in valley of Bordones, southwest of Cumana, alt. 0-10 m., 62890. ANDES Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57337. Both genus and species previously unrecorded from Venezuela. Eleocharis stenocarpa Svenson. * ME RID A: on spongy ground in open swamps above La Carbonera, alt. ;2430 m., 56007. A coarse representative of the Acicularis group restricted to mountains of Venezuela and northern Colombia. Tribe RHYNCHOSPOREAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Rhynchospora graminea Uitten. Savanna between Esmeralda Ridge and Sabana de Arboles, south- east of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57781. A species previously reported as confined to the Guianas, this is its first record for Venezuela. By H. K. Svenson ^By H. K. Svenson BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 793 Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckl. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58480. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. Rhynchospora prolifera (Nees) Clarke. En los pozos sobre lajas graniticas, margen del Cano Temi, Ya- vita, alt. 127 m., L. Williams 14055; boca del Cano Ichana, Bajo Cano San Miguel, Rio Guainia, alt. 125 m., L. Williams 14892; en los sitios rocosos en la margen del Cano Durotomoni, Alto Casi- quiare, alt. 120 m., L. Williams 15519. This species, originally found in the Guianas, has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela. Rhynchospora tenuis Link. Overflowed savanna, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58484. Dichromena monostachya (Boeckl.) C. B. Clarke. This tiny plant growing in clumps with soft dull green leaves, and whitish heads of flowers, is reminescent in habit of some of the Eriocaulaceae. Near Orinoco River, between Esmeralda and Esmer- alda Ridge, in Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57775. Previously unrecorded for Venezuela, although known from Brazil, eastern Colombia, and British Guiana. RORAIMA Rhynchospora albo-marginata Kukenthal. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59151. Originally collected by Ule on the Rio Branco, Amazonas, Brazil, this is apparently the second record for the species, and the first for Venezuela. Rhynchospora aristata Boeckeler. (R. immensa Kuk. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 56. Beibl. 125: 17-18. 1921> Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, Mount Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58665. This plant matches Kukenthal's description of R. immensa, based on Ule 8541 from the forests of Roraima at an elevation of 1400 meters. The present collection was taken at 2040 meters near the base of the high line of sandstone bluffs. Apparently R. immensa is synonymous with R. aristata, since the two do not appear to be separable. Since the leaves of R. immensa were not adequately described in the original description, an emended description of them, based upon Steyermark 58665 is given: culmus 1 m. altus foliatus; foliis anguste lineari-lanceolatis, 35-55 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, marginibus et infra costa scabridulis; vaginis 8-8.5 cm. longis, 8 mm. in diametro glabris praeter pilos adpressos paucos prope ore concavo. 794 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth. Collected at various stations on the slopes of Roraima: forested south west- facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58652a; southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-pani and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59011 and 59027. Of wide distribution in tropical America, extending from Panama and the West Indies to Brazil. Rhynchospora brevirostris Griseb. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59299. Previously unrecorded for Venezuela. Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59088. Not previously recorded for Venezuela. Rhynchospora hirsuta Vahl. Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59259. Rhynchospora leptostachya Boeckl. Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, Mount Roraima, alt. 2040 m., 58646. Previously known from Venezuela on the basis of 1m Thurn 253 from Mount Roraima, where it was collected about 200 meters lower elevation. Rhynchospora longispicata Boeckl. Swampy meadow, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915*1005 m., 59269. Previously unrecorded for Venezuela. Rhynchospora Marisculus Lindl. & Nees. Locally called "maican." Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest- facing slopes, Mount Roraima, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58627. Previously unreported from Venezuela, this species has been confused with R. rugosa (T. glauca), a species having a deltoid tubercle, equalled or slightly exceeded by the bristles, and corrugate achenes, whereas in R. Marisculus the tubercle is deltoid-attenuate, well exceeded by the bristles, and the achenes are nearly smooth or transversely rugose and finely striate. Rhynchospora nardifolia (Nees) Boeckl. South west- facing slopes between base of Mount Roraima at Que- brada Ka-hua-paru* and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59019; [ BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 795 Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59166. New to Venezuela. Rhynchospora roraimae Kukenthal. A small tufted plant with wiry culms, found in wet situations on both the northern and southern half of the summit. Shallow water in Central Swamp, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700 m., 58902; wet depressions in rocks at top of morros, on northwest portion north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58852. Im Thurn 253 from Roraima, identified by Ridley as R. capillacea Torr. in Oliver's Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884, p. 287, is actually R. roraimae Kuk. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, P. 127, R. capillacea is included on the basis of this Im Thum col- lection, while R. roraimae is omitted. As indicated, however, Im Thurn 's collection was misidentified, and should be referred to R. roraimae. Rhynchospora nigosa (Vahl) Gale, in Rhodora 45: 275-278. 1944. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, vol. l, p. 128, in Las Ciperaceas del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, p. 67, and in Oliver's Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884, p. 287, the name R. glauca Vahl is used. As Dr. Shirley Gale (Mrs. Chester E. Cross) has shown, however, the proper combination for this species is R. rugosa, based upon Schoenus rugosus Vahl, 1798. Collections of this species were taken from the lower slopes of Roraima (south west- facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru' and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1333-1630 m., 59022), and from the Gran Sabana at a lower elevation (Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara- paru, in valley of Ri'o Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065- 1220 m., 59039). PTARI-TEPUI Rhynchospora arenicola Uitt. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59668. Previously known only from Surinam and British Guiana. This species is described as having leaves 2-3 mm- wide, but the Venezuelan collection cited above has narrower leaves only 1-1.5 mm. wide with involute margins. Rhynchospora cephalotes Vahl. Common ground cover, Ptari-tepui, forest between base of cerro and Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59412; by fast water bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60333. 796 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Rhynchospora curvula Griseb. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be- tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60343. Previously known only from Surinam, British Guiana, and Trinidad. Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth. Locally called "sara-warei-yek, " this species grows here in clumps with erect stems over a meter tall. Upper drier portion of forest below mesa, on wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, be- tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rfo Pacairao, a^lt. 1065* 1220 m., 60363. Previously unreported from Venezuela. Rhynchospora Marisculus Nees. Stems in clumps nearly a meter tall, in swampy places by stream- let, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro, alt. 2255 m., 60146 and 60115. Rhynchospora nardifolia (Nees) Boeckl. Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59663. Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl. On moist spots of hematite outcrops, Sororopa'n-tepui', crest of cerro, alt. 2255 m., 60132. Rhynchospora Ruiziana Boeckeler. On dripping boulders and base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepm, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59940. Previously unre- corded from Venezuela. Dichromena rigidifolia Gilly, in Gleason & Killip, Brittonia 3: 154. 1939. Dry sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m. , 59659. Also known from Auyan-tepui', Cerro Yavi', and Cerro Duida. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Rhynchospora aristata Boeckl. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Ce^o Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 12,00-1500 m., 61828. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61482a; cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head- waters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 61696. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 797 SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62629. Previously unknown this far east in Venezuela. Rhynchospora Gollmeri Boeckl. ANZOATEGUI: dried-up sphagnum bog, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, head- waters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2350 m., 61669. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62607. This rare species was originally collected by Gollmer in the vicinity of Caracas and described by Boeckeler in Linnaea, vol. 37, p. 556 (1871-73). It has apparently not been re-collected since until the present collections. It is only listed as a species in the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana," without citation of any col- lection. Steyermark 55628, collected in the Distrito Federal, on the Paramo de Cie'nega, in the Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados and Pico Oriental, is near the type locality in the vicinity of Caracas. The collections cited above (61669 and 62607) repre- sent the easternmost known stations for this species, while Steyer- mark 57203 from the state of Tachira near the Colombian border (swampy meadow in Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2500 m.), represents the westernmost known limit. Rhynchospora tenerrima Boeckl., 1871-73? not R. tenerrima Spreng. is synonymous with R. Gollmeri. The latter was published on p. 556 of Linnaea, vol. 37, while R. tenerrima Boeckl. was published on p. 554 of the same volume. Although R. tenerrima Boeckl. has priority of page publication, it is invalidated by the earlier published R. tenerrima Spreng., leaving R. Gollmeri as the first available name for the species. Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl. Local name "cortadero." ANZOATEGUI: in dense tufts along bluffs along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 800-1000 m., 61293. Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale. (R. glauca Vahl). SUCRE: swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rib Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62699. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61805. Dichromena ciliata Vahl. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocol- lar, alt. 820 m., 62367. 798 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS Rhynchospora rudis C. B. Clarke. Apparently a rare species, originally collected by Fendler at Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua. A recent collection, Steyer- mark 56908, was taken in the Distrito Federal (between Los Vena- dos and Guayabo Mocho, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1765 m.)» and was noted to be over a meter tall with dark blue-green leaves. Tribe HYPOLYTREAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Diplasia karatae folia L. C. Rich. First woodland between Esmeralda Ridge and swampy savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of cerro, alt. 200 m., 57797. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Diplasia karataefolia L. C. Rich. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of CarTo Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57956. Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) Pfeiffer. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58271. RORAIMA Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) Pfeiffer. Rather common in the Gran Sabana south of the mountain as well as on its lower slopes. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara- paru, in valley of Rio Kukerian, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065- 1220 m., 59083 and 59089a; Mount Roraima, southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59021. This last collection (59021) and 58271 from the summit of Duida differ from typical H. pulchrum in their narrower leaves (5-6 mm. wide or less), and branched inflores- cences with shorter more ovoid spikes. The branched inflorescences of 59021 and 58271 resemble H. rigens Nees of Brazil, which is considered by many authors synonymous with H. pulchrum. However, the difference in appearance is quite marked in those inflorescences with narrowly cylindrical spikes, such as is considered typical in H. pulchrum, and in those having capitate or subcapitate inflores- cences with shorter more ovoid spikes, as are found in 59021 and 58277. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 799 Lipocarpha Sellowiana Kunth. (Ascolepis venezuelensis Schnee, in Bol. Soc. Ven. 9, no. 57: 5-6. 1943). Moist sandy openings along small stream in savanna, between Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carorii, alt. 100 m., 57567. The obovate glumes, which are truncate and mucronate at apex, and the ^oblong- lanceolate achenes, used as key characters by Schnee ^f or his Ascolepis venezuelensis, together with his plate, show, without any doubt, that this is the same species as what is passing as Lipocarpha Sellowiana Kunth. The latter has the glumes obovate- cuneiform, dilated trilobed-cuspidate at the apex, many-nerved, and more or less purple-lined. There is some question about the proper use of the name Lipo- carpha Sellowiana. Probably both L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldt- iana Nees are identical. The latter was used by Nees as a new name to replace Hypolytrum argenteum H.B.K. (1815), based on a Humboldt and Bonpland plant found in the Upper Orinoco. Boeckeler in 1871 took up Hypolytrum argenteum and transferred it to Lipo- carpha. It is not certain, however, whether L. argentea is con- specific with L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldtiana. If it is, then Lipocarpha argentea (H.B.K.) Boeckl. becomes the name of the plant now passing as L. Sellowiana and L. Humboldtiana. Until a more careful study has been made between these species, the name L. Sellowiana is being retained at present. Ascolepis brasiliensis (Kunth) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59300. The dis- tribution of this species is interesting, because it is common to both Africa and South America. PTARI-TEPUl' Diplasia karataefolia L. C. Rich. Forest between base of cerro and Rib Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59413. Hypolytrum sylvaticum Poepp. & Kunth. Along Ri'o Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60798. Previously unknown from the Venezuelan Guyana. Schnee, L. Las Ciperaceas del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Bol. Soc. Ven. 9, no. 57: 5-6. 1943. 800 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Tribe SCLERIAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58490. In the "Catalogo de la Flora Venezo- lana," p. 129, Tate 1198 from Auyan-tepui'is citedunder S. Liebmanni Steud., which is considered to be synonymous with S. micrococca by Core.481 Scleria stipularis Nees. In clumps 1.3 meters tall, between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of cerro, alt. 200 m., 57874. Previously reported in Venezuela from the RK> Casiquiare. Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of cerro, alt. 200 m., 57820o. RORAIMA Scleria bracteata Cav Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59032; forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58647. Previously reported from Roraima without exact locality. Scleria cyperina Kunth Southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru and Glycon Swamp, alt. 1330-1630 m., 59031. Previous- ly reported from Duida Scleria hirtella Sw. Philip Swamp, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1675 m., 58622. Known locally as "atuca-miri." Previously reported from Roraima without exact locality. Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57539. 1Core, Earl. The American Species of Scleria. Brittonia 2, pt. 1: 32. 1936. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 801 Scleria micrococca (Liebm.) Steud. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59297. Known in Venezuela also from Auyan-tepuf (Tate 1198) and Duida. Scleria Purdiei Clarke. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 ni., 58540. Known locally as "atuca-miri," the rhizome is used in an infusion for treating colds. This is the first record of the species from the Venezuelan Guyana. Previously known in Venezuela from Distrito Federal. Scleria scabra Til Id. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru', in valley of Ri'o Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59060. Pre- viously known in Venezuela from the eastern part of the Cordillera de la Costa in the state of Sucre. Scleria verticillata Muhl. Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru' and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59198. PTARI-TEPllf Scleria arundinacea Kunth. South-facing densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59240a; along streamlet of quebrada, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tribu- tary of Rib Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915- 1065 m., 60539. A tall sedge with the winged dull purple culms nearly a meter tall. Known locally as "sara." First record of this species from the Venezuelan Guyana. Scleria bracteata Cav. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60571. This sprawling plant which clings tenaciously to the clothes is known locally as "sara." Scleria cyperina Kunth. Southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepui', alt. 1460-1615 ro., 60846. The sprawling stems and the leaves have cutting edges. Steyermark 59031 from Roraima has short stems 3.5 dm. tall, while 60846 from Carrao-tepiii' has more elongated ones. Both, however, have the scales of the spikelets stramineous and the ligules typically unappendaged. 802 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Scleria secans (L.) Urban. Lower portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rfo Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60433. Known locally as "carinosa" or "sara," this is the worst of the various species encountered as regards cutting the skin. The plants dangle from trees and shrubs, molesting the progress of a passerby. Known previously in Venezuela only from the Delta Amacuro region. Becquerelia cymosa Brongn. South- facing densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59420; lower portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-nia, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60404. Known as "sara-wa-rei-yek." Previously unknown from the Vene- zuelan Guyana. Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees. Along rocky stream bank, south-facing densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River," below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m. , 59449; by waterfall, swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rib Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60704; along stream- let of lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-nia, tributary of Rib Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60535. Known locally as "sara" and "sarau-warei." CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Scleria arundinacea Kunth. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Never/, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61018. Local name "cortadero." Scleria bracteata Cav. Local name "verduguillo." ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leio'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 67238. Scleria hirtella Sw. SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo and Cerro de Neven, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62712. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61820. Known locally as "resfriado sabanero." In Cumanacoa called "malojillo." This is commonly used by the people of this region for treating stomach aches, diarrhea, and, especially, for colds. An infusion is made of the fragrant rhizome boiled in water. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 803 Becquerelia cymosa Brongn. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62222. Previously unknown this far east in the Cordillera de la Costa. Calyptrocarya glomerulata Nees. ANZOATEGUI: swampy place in woods, on slopes of Montana de las Paloraas, tributary of Rio Never/, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61446. This is far to the east of its previously known range in the Cordillera de la Costa. ANDES Scleria mexicana (Liebm.) Boeckl. MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56086. This spectacular species of Scleria, with half-sprawling and climbing stems that attain almost 3 meters in height, has not previously been reported from Venezuela. It is distributed from Chiapas, Mexico, to Colombia and Ecuador. Tribe CRYPTANGIEAE (Lagenocarpeae) 48J Lagenocaipus aff. tremulus Nees. Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57856. In the absence of mature fruits, positive identification is unwise. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58238. Previous collections of this species are from Cerro Duida and Mount Roraima; the species is also known from Ptari-tepuf. Cephalocarpus lineariifolius Gilly. Summit of Cerro Duida, Brocchinia Hills, along stream bank above Vegas Falls, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58146; same locality, dry slopes, 58148. The original collection of this species was also from Cerro Duida at an altitude of approximately 1500 meters. 48.1 JBy Charles L. Gilly. 804 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Everardia duidae Gilly. Cerro Duida, on moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near CafYo Negro, alt. 1095-1520 m., 58043; summit of Cerro Duida, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 5873 6. The leaves of these two specimens vary from 2.5~3.2 dm. in length, while those of the type specimen (from summit of peak 7, Cerro Duida, at about 2160 meters) are no more than 1.4 dm. long. The collector's field notes indicate that the leaves of specimen 58136 were distichously arranged. Everardia glaucifolia Gilly. Summit of Cerro Duida, dry slopes of Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700- 1980 m., 58187. Previous collections of the species are from Cerro Duida. Everardia revoluta Gilly. Cerro Duida, on moist southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro, alt. 1095-1520 m., 58046; summit of Cerro Duida, along rocky banks of CaTio Negro, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58213. Previously collected only on Cerro Duida. RORAIMA Lagenocarpus aff. guianensis Lindl. & Nees. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59047. In the absence of mature fruits it does not seem safe to make a positive Identification of this specimen at this time, although it clearly belongs to some segment of this polymorphic and wide- ranging species. Didymiandrum stellatum (Boeckl.) Gilly. Staminate plant, forested south-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58691. Several previous collections from Mount Roraima are known, and this dioecious species has also been col- lected on Auyan-tepu/. Everardia gracilis Gilly. Among rocky depressions on exposed slopes of morros, summit of Mount Roraima, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620- 2740 m., 58829. Previous collections are from Mount Roraima. Everardia montana Ridley. Common and forming dense cushions on ledge along southwest- facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58720; same locality, alt. 2255-2620 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 805 m., 58767. Also known from Ptari-tepul. This is the only species in the genus known from more than one of the cerros in this region. Specimen 58767 is a depauperate form with a slender stem 1.8 dm. tall. Lagenocaipus aff. rigidus Nees. Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, Mount Roraima, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58633. Vernacular name, "me-da-puey." A somewhat depauperate plant, which, in the absence of mature achenes, cannot safely be given a positive designation. PTARI-TEPuf Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly. Open sites in scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59625. Previously collected on both Mount Roraima and Cerro Duida. Didymiandrum guaiquinimae Schnee. Mossy-covered banks of streamlet on flat portion of south-facing shoulder near "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59469; dominant on sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59704. Both collections consist of staminate plants only. Known also from Cerro Guaiquinima, to the west, at 1200-1300 meters and from the savannas of the Kaieteur plateau of British Guiana at a lower elevation. This species is, perhaps, not really distinct from D. stellatum (Boeckl.) Gilly, known from both Mount Roraima and Auyan-tepui', but considerably more material of the two species should be examined before a definite decision in this matter can be reached. Everardia montana Ridley. In Bonne. tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59796; at base of and on main south-facing high sand- stone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m. , 59610. Previously collected on Mount Roraima. This is the only species of this genus as yet known to inhabit more than one of the cerros in this region. The plants of specimen 59610 have stout, branched stems to at least 9.5 dm. tall. The young leaves of both collections are occasionally sparsely pubescent on the upper surface toward the apex. Lagenocarpus aff. Sprucei H. Pfeiffer. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, Ptari-tepiii', alt. 1600 m., 59665; staminate flowers only. The species to which this specimen seems referable was collected previously near Santa- rem, Province of Para, Brazil. 806 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Lagenocarpus aff. tremulus Nees. Savanna and scrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, be- tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60341, staminate flowers only; scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59638, staminate flowers only. The species to which these speci- mens seem referable has been collected previously in British Guiana. Because of the lack of pistillate flowers and fruit in these speci- mens, only tentative identifications can be made at the present time. When type specimens are again available from certain con- tinental European herbaria, a more adequate disposition of these two numbers will be possible. Tribe CARICEAE RORAIMA Carex polystachya Sw. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58743. Not pre- viously recorded for the Venezuelan Guyana. PTARI-TEPUf Carex polystachya Sw. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60522; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60156. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urban. ANZOATEGUI: along gravel bar, along Rib Zumbador and tribu- tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100- 1450 m., 61322. SUCRE: common ground cover, Cerro Turumiquire, north- facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, south- west of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62537. Not previously recorded this far east in the Cordillera de la Costa. Carex Jamesonii Boott. ANZOATEGUI: forming colonies in dried sphagnum bog, cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, head- waters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61674; south-facing steep slopes, on exposed rocky portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia, same general locality, alt. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 807 1800-2000 m., 61628. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna- like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62627. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62091. Not previously recorded as far east in the Cordillera de la Costa. The leaves and culms of this species are sometimes used for lashing posts or supports of shelters in temporary camps, in localities where no other material may be available. Carex polystachya Sw. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62447. ANZOATEGUI: among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Ri'o Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61653. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62086. Not previously recorded from this far east on the Cor- dillera de la Costa. ANDES Carex amicta Boott. MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 m., 57074. TACHIRA: same locality, 57083. Pre- viously reported from Colombia, this rare species may now be added to the Venezuelan flora. Carex Jamesonii Boott. The following collections add Andean localities to the previous known range in Venezuela: MERIDA: above Las Quadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, 55819. TACHIRA: base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, 57292. LARA: meadow above Buenos Aires, above Humocaro Alto, 55537. Carex Longii Mack. (C. albolutescens Schwein.) LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55285. Vernacular name, "juncillo." Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Cordillera de la Costa, this apparently is the first record from the Venezuelan Andes. As shown by Mackenzie,4811 the correct name for this species is C. Longii. 48kMackenzie, K. K. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 49:372. 1922; N. Am. Fl. 18:160-161. 1931. 808 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Carex phalaroides Kunth. MERIDA: dry summit of Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 3045 m., 57081. This species and varieties, belonging to section Digitatae of Eucarex, as delimited by Kuken- thal, is known to be distributed from Ecuador to Chile. It has not previously been reported north of Ecuador. The present collection appears to belong with typical C. phalaroides. The pale green and white, short-aristate scales and clavate or subclavate-subglobose heads impart a distinct habit to the plant, which is further distin- guished in having androgynous spikes, practically beakless pubes- cent perigynia, and a 3-fid style emerging from the rounded top of the perigynium. PALMAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Jessenia polycarpa Karsten. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58065. This collection has the spinose fibers at the base of the leaf stalk, a condition encountered in the original description of /. Bataua (Mart.) Burret. In his description of /. polycarpa Karsten makes no mention of these spinose fibers, but Dugand points out (Caldasia 2, no. 10: 444-450. 1944) that aside from this distinction the two species do not appear to have any other differences. He intimates that perhaps one is a variety of the other, or that the spiny fibers may be present on the lower leafstalks while absent on the upper ones. Specimens collected by Cuatrecasas (no. 17379) from the Department of El Valle have fibers typical of J. Bataua, but come from regions where previously only /. polycarpa had been known to occur. Dr. Cuatrecasas believes that lack of observation on the part of collectors accounts for the differences between spine- less and spiny leafstalks. Since Burret transferred Oenocarpus Bataua to Jessenia in 1929> after Karsten had already used the name polycarpa under Jessenia in 1861, it is apparent that if the two names are considered synony- mous, /. polycarpa Karst. must take precedence. Burret considered, but only provisionally and without being firmly convinced himself, that /. Bataua should be maintained as distinct from /. polycarpa. His chief criteria for separation were the spiniform leaf bases and the slight difference in the number of stamens. In this connection it is significant to point out some statements discussed by Dr. Cuatrecasas in his letter to Dr. Dugand on October 1, 1944. Dr. Cuatrecasas has kindly given me permission to quote from this BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 809 letter as follows: "Me gusto mucho su arti'culo sobre Jessenia polycarpa del no. 10 de Caldasia. Respecto a las observaciones de Spruce sobre las fibras espiniformes, puedo manifestarle que yo hice espontaheamente las misma observacio'n durante mis viajes por la Hoya amazonica; Guaviare, Vaupes, Caqueta', Putumayo; tanto en la regidn oriental, como en la Costa del Pacffico que he recoffido liltimamente he podido comprobar que todos los ejeraplares jovenes llevan un informe estuche de fibras espiniformes, que faltan en los individuos altos. Este dimorfismo, que al principio confunde al buscador de palraas, se aprende poco a poco al ir observando la identidad e los restantes caracteres de la especie y luego no se olvida. Son numerosas las especie s del biotipo caulirosuletum que ofrecen este ferio'meno (p. ej. otras palmas: Manic aria, araarili- daceas, frailejones) de perder con el tiempo el estuche que forman las vainas secas de las hojas caldas. Mientras la planta es pequena las vainas imbricadas, aun consistentes, se apoyan unas a otras en raasa mas o menos compacta; al llegar el tallo a cierta altura y haber pasado bastantes 'anos estos residues vegetales desintegrados pierden consistencia y se caen, quedando limpio totalmente el tallo. A partir de este momento al desprenderse nuevamente una hojo seca, arrastra tambien su vaina, pues le falta el sosten de las vainas inferiores, ya cai'das. Esto es lo que ocurre en Jessenia polycarpa." Dr. Cuatrecasas's careful observations certainly indicate that the presence or absence of spinose leaf bases is a matter of age and really proves that the purported differences between the two species are not valid. The phenomenon of spinose and spineless leaf bases may be found by examining plate 41 of Jessenia Bataua in Barb. Rodr. Sert. Palm Brasil l. 1903. For the evidence discussed in the above paragraphs the name Jessenia polycarpa is the one considered correct. Oenocarpus Bacaba Mart. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58066. According to Burret's key (Notizblatt 10: 292. 1928), the above cited collection would fall under this species. The branches of the spadix are over 80 cm. long, the trunk is solitary, and the segments of the frond are arranged in groups rather than being regularly dis- posed. The lower surface of the leaves is dull green and not glau- cous or discolored as in O. Mapora Karst. The staminate perianth in the present collection is only 4-4.5 mm. long, while the pistillate perianth, with its sepals enclosing and about equaling the petals, is about 5 mm. long. Maximilian a regia Mart. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58064. 810 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Mauritia aculeata H.B.K. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58072. Iriartea setigera Mart. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57789. Euterpe precatoria Mart. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58091. Leopoldinia Piassaba Wallace. Between Esmeralda Savanna and Sabana Grande, northeast of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58400. Bactris tenuis Wallace. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57932. This collection agrees mostly with B. tenuis collected on the upper Rio Negro by Spruce and Wallace. Although there are small differences between the present collection and the original one by Spruce and Wallace, they agree in practically all details. The median leaf segments are described (Spruce, R. Equatorial American Palms. Journ. Linn. Soc. ll: 149. 1871) as "8-9 * 3/4-pollicares," whereas our specimen has the middle segments only 5-6 pollicares long; otherwise the dimensions agree. Such slight differences may be permissible for normal variability of leaf length. The peduncle of the simple spadix is described as "sesquipolli- caris medio abrupte decurvus"; in our specimen the peduncle is somewhat shorter, but otherwise is the same. The spathe in the present collection is 6.5 cm. long and tomentulose. The stems in the present collection have a diameter of 8-9 mm., which is some- what greater than the "diametro 3-lineari" or "not thicker than a goose quill" as described for B. tenuis. The stems are also de- scribed as "smooth," but ours show occasional patches of buff- brown torn en turn in the upper portion of the stem. In our collection the spadices are simple and undivided. This simple undivided spadix is likewise shown in plate 33 of Wallace's Palm Trees Amaz. 1853, but in Drude's account in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, part 2: 329. 1881 B. tenuis is placed as var. a under B. cuspidata and is described as "rhachis undivisa vel in ramos duos fissa," although in the key on pp. 318-319 B. cuspidata is keyed out under "spadix minor in ramos paucos (plrq. 2-5)..." The leaf segments of the blade in our specimen vary from 5-7, while in the description the segments are stated by Drude to be BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 811 "4-5-juga" and by Spruce as "pinnae 4-jugae." The rachis and petiole in our collection is covered in patches with buff tomentum, a character not mentioned in either the descriptions of Wallace or Spruce, the pinnae being referred to as "omnes apice sylo paucis setulis obsessae caeterum glaberrimae" without mention being made of the petiole or rachis. Aside from such minor discrepancies, our collection appears to be referable to B. tenuis. PTARI-TEPuf Euterpe roraimae Dammer. South-facing forested slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. .1800 m., 59867. This species has been known previously from Mount Roraima and the upper Rib Negro. Euterpe tenuiramosa Dammer. Dense forest along Rib Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60592. This species has been known previously from Mount Roraima. In addition to the two species of Euterpe here listed, a third, E. ptarianum Steyermark, pre- viously described in Fieldiana 28, no. 1: 87. 1951, occurs. On Mount Roraima only E. roraimae and E. tenuiramosa have been recorded. In his key to the species of Euterpe, Burret places E. tenuiramosa in the section in which the peduncle of the rachis is stated to be about equal or longer than the rachis ("Pedunculus rhachi sub- aequilongus vel quam ilia longior") as contrasted with "Pedunculus quam rhachis aliquanto brevior," but in Dammer's description of E. tenuiramosa the peduncle is described as 56 cm. long and the rachis as 65 cm. long, which would place it in .the section of the key "Pedunculus quam rhachis aliquanto brevior" instead of "Pe- dunculus rhachi subaequilongus vel quam ilia longior" where Burret places it. In my specimens from Mount Roraima (no. 58685) and from Ptari- tepui' (no. 60592) the peduncle of the plants which I have identified as E. tenuiramosa varies from only 11-27 cm. long, and the axis of the inflorescence from 27-35 cm. long, both dimensions being shorter, especially for the peduncle, than are given for E. tenuiramosa. The difference in leaf texture is very marked between E. tenuiramosa on the one hand and E. roraimae and E. ptariana on the other. With respect to the color and prominence of scales on the leaf rachis and lower leaf surface, and in the subcoriaceous texture of the leaves, E. ptariana and E. roraimae are very closely related. However, in the scarcely submersed flowers on slender branches of 812 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 the rachis and in the less dense branches of the rachis E. ptariana more closely resembles E. tenuiramosa. In the glabrity or minute pubescence of the branches of the rachis E. ptariana more closely simulates E. tenuiramosa. Oono carpus distichus Mart. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60591. This is the first record of this species in Venezuela. It has been known previously from eastern equatorial Brazil. As noted in the field and on the label accompanying the specimen, the younger palm has conspicuously fibrous leaf bases and less drooping leaves, whereas the older palm has a smooth trunk not showing the fibrous leaf bases and the leaves are more con- spicuously drooping. This situation is exactly like that existing between Jessenia polycarpa (described without mention of spiniform fibers at the base of the leaf stalk) and /. Bataua (described with spiniform fibers). This species has the characteristic elongated spadix (2/3-1 meter or more long) and the lower surface of the leaf segments are dull green to gray green below, not glaucous as are those of 0. discolor Barb. Rodr. It should be noted that in the collection cited above, the pistillate flower is beginning to mature and its petals are larger than those described for this species. This condition is undoubtedly due to the mature or near-fruiting stage. In this near-fruiting stage the sepals in the pistillate flowers of the present collection are about 5 mm. long, while the pistillate petals are 7-8 mm. long. Mauritia aculeata H.B.K. Swampy savanna between Rib Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rib Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m., 60707; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sorororian-tepuf, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60748. At both stations the plants occurred in wet ground bordering savanna; collection no. 60707 occurred by the waterfall and no. 60748 in swampy woods. At the other known stations in Venezuela this species has been observed at much lower elevations, between 120 and 200 meters. Geonoma Barthia Engel. At base of and on main south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59605; south-facing forested slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1900 ra., 59805. Previously known in Venezuela from Mount Roraima and the Andes of Merida, this species BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 813 is one of the dominant types of vegetation in the lower story of the forest at this locality, where it is known by the inhabitants as "tuluria." CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Euterpe oleracea Mart. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rib Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 61040. In this collection there are two different types of spadices, a glabrous staminate spadix with staminate flowers and a white- tomentose fruiting spadix. The glabrous sepals of the staminate flowers would place this collection with E. oleracea rather than E. stenophylla Trail. However, the trunk in this collection is solitary, 6-11 meters tall, and the habitat is high well-drained forested ground, all characters possessed by E. stenophylla which are supposed to distinguish that species from E. oleracea (according to Trail, ex Thurn, Timehri 3: 229. 1889). Also in Steyermark 56733 from Rio Onia, north of Mesa Bolivar, state of Merida, the trunk of what appears to be die same species of palm is solitary and the plant occurs on forested slopes, rather than in swampy ground; the pis- tillate sepals are pubescent, but in the absence of staminate flowers, it is impossible to differentiate between E. stenophylla and E. oleracea. It may well be that the two species are not distinct. Geonoma vaga Griseb. & Wendl. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantln, alt. 500 m., 61056. As Bailey states in Gentes Herbarium 4: 236. 1939> this species is amply distinct from G. pinnatifrons Willd. in the hairy rachillae, larger fruits, difference in alveoles, and the larger size of the plant. Burret in his monograph (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 63: 246.1930) treated G. vaga as a variety of G. pinnatifrons; this treatment has been followed by Pittier et al in the recently published Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana i: 140. 1945. Besides the conspicuously pubescent rachillae of G. vaga, another character not mentioned by Bailey or other authors is the occurrence of brown, elongated, narrow, scurfy scales scattered on the nerves and midrib of the lower leaf surface. The petiole also possesses a brown scaly mat which is persistent along portions of the length of the peduncle. Pyrenoglyphis major (Jacq.) Karst. MONAGAS: deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61767. 814 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES Catoblastus pubescens (Karst.) H. Wendl. MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montaffa de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagxia, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt, 1925-2075 m., 56398. This collection has fuscous-puberulous nerves on the lower leaf surfaces and the fruit is minutely puberulous, but occurs in cool damp woods at an elevation between 1925-2075 meters, whereas other Venezuelan collections come from humid woodlands of much lower elevations of the Rio Meta and Negro. With respect to details of the leaves and size of fruit, it does not seem to agree with C. andinus Dugand of Colombia, to which it seems closely related. Catoblastus praemorsus (Willd.) H. Wendl. DlSTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between Los Venados and Papelo'n, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55079. The above locality is near the Colonia Tovar de Aragua cited by Klotzsch in Linnaea 20: 449. 1847, on the basis of Moritz 914. Cook & Doyle state that "Wendland and Drude both describe the albumen of the seeds of Catoblastus as ruminate, perhaps relying upon Karsten's drawing, but Klotzsch says that the albumen of praemorsus is uniform and describes the seed as marble with nume- rous veins, which, however, may refer to the endocarp (ecorce) rather than to the endosperm itself.*' In the present collection the albumen is ruminate. The size of the fruit (perhaps slightly immature) in the present collection is 2.8-3 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide; it approaches, therefore, the size given for C. mesocarpus Burret. It is doubtful whether the latter species is valid, as the size of the fruit appears to be the only character by which it may be distinguished from C. praemorsus. ARACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SP ECIES Anthurium scolopendrinium (Ham.) Kunth. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58090. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 815 Heteropsis Jenmanni Oliver. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58059. Previously known in Dutch and British Guiana, this is the first record for the species in Venezuela, where it is known as "mamure." The climbing stem is cleft into three strands, which are woven with one another to form strong tough material used in the making of basketry, furniture, and cargo supports called "guayare." Philodendron Linnaei Kunth. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58076. This climbing species with the stems appressed to tree trunks has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Spathiphyllum cannifolium (Dryand.) Schott. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57926. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Philodendron Mischlerianum Krause. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 700 m., 57973. A terrestrial species previously un- reported from Venezuela. Our collection shows a fibrous mat at the base of the petiole, a character not mentioned in the description of the species. The leaves are larger and the sinus of the leaves is larger and more open than shown in the photograph of the type examined. Spathiphyllum Candolleanum Schott, var. Schomburgkii (Schott) Engler. Summit, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1675 m., 58107. RORAIMA Philodendron nobile Bull. Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155 m., 58598. Previously recorded from Brazil, British and Dutch Guiana. At this locality, the species was observed as a terrestrial plant, although it may also be an epiphyte in other areas, such as Ptari-tepuf. 816 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 PTARI- TEPUI Anthurium roraimae N. £. Brown. Forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 59529. This terrestrial aroid has been recorded previously in Venezuela from Roraima and Duida. Although the spadix is supposed to be about 2 cm. long-stipitate, in our collection it is only 0.5 cm. long. The differences of angle and distance of the postical lobe selected to differentiate the taxa of the A. roraimense-A. ornatum-A. nymphaeifolium series appear quite arbitrary and variable. It is possible that one variable species is represented here instead of several species. The same remarks appear to apply to the minor differences in proportion of length of petiole to the length of the blade in A. Wagenerianum C. Koch and A. ellipticum C. Koch. Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engler. Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock,'* alt. 2130 m., 59848. A frequent epiphyte in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Monstera Parkeriana Schott. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60612. Known locally as "picaton" (Spanish) or "corcamilla," this epiphyte has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Philodendron nobile Bull. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60732; southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60850. These stations and the one cited above from Roraima are the first records of this species from Venezuela. Found both as an epiphyte and as a dominant terrestrial plant, it was rarely found in flower. The flowers are fragrant. Known locally as "tan-waya," the coriaceous leaves are quite durable and are used for thatching small dwellings. The collection from Carrao-tepui (60850) has a longer peduncle than the original description of P. nobile calls for. Also, in the same collection the reticulate veins joining the numerous lateral nerves of typical P. nobile, are absent in no. 60850. The long peduncle in no. 60850 approaches that of P. calophyllum, but the leaves have more approximate and less ascending nerves than are found in P. calophyllum. Great variation is observed in the leaf bases of P. nobile, some collections having more cuneately nar- BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 817 rowed bases, others more obtuse, even on the same plant or in plants from the same area. Philodendron roraimae Krause. South-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just west of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800 m., 59825. Previously known in Venezuela from Mount Roraima, this high-climbing epiphyte was common on Ptari-tepuf, where it is locally known as "cupita. " The thick stems are appressed to the tree trunk, and after climbing high upon the trees, the plant sends out long pendent aerial roots. The inner part of the shoot is used by the Indians as a poultice for boils and as a worm medicine. Tate 831 from Duida probably belongs here. The Ptari-tepui' col- lection (no. 59825) has longer peduncles (10 cm. instead of 4-6 cm.) and longer spathes (18 cm. instead of 10-12 cm.) than in typical P. roraimae of Mount Roraima. Other variations noted as departures from the original description are in the longer staminate spadix (7-10 cm. instead of 6-6.5 cm.) and in the longer and larger pistillate spadix. Also, the cells of the ovary in near-fruiting stage are one- seeded. Furthermore, the leaves are subobtuse rather than shortly acuminate. Except for the variations above noted, the Ptari-tepiu' collection agrees with the plant originally described from Roraima. Stenospermatium Ulei Krause. Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59725. In Venezuela known previously only from the slopes of Roraima. This was observed both as a terrestrial plant with elongated stems about a meter or more tall or as an epiphyte near the base of tree trunks. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Anthurium digitatum (Jacq.) G. Don. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Ri'o Neveri", northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61035. Known locally as "mamurillo," the stems of this climbing epiphyte are used for tying various objects; the mature fruits are eaten by birds and small mammals. Anthurium nymph aeifolium Koch & Bouche'. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of BergantTn, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61414. An eastward extension of its previously known range in the vicinity of Caracas. 818 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Anthurium ornatum Schott. MONAGAS: south-facing forested slopes above limestone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 61992. Previously known in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar. Anthurium pal ma turn (L.) Kunth. ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 600-800 m., 61185. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Anthurium rugosum Schott. ANZOA*TEGUI: Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61410. An eastward extension of its previously known range in the vicinity of Caracas. Anthurium scandens (Aubl.) Engl. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61044. MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62146. Anthurium scolopendrinium (Ham.) Kunth. SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rib Manzanares, above valley of Curaanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62812. Not previously reported from the Cordillera de la Costa. Monstera pertusa var. jacquinii (Schott) Engler. ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tribu- taries of Rio Never/, between Rib Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergariun, alt. 800-1200 m., 61388. Monstera Sagotiana Engler. ANZOATEGUI: forest along Rib Leon, tributary of Rio Neveh', northeast of Berganr/n, alt. 500 m., 61469; headwaters of Rib Mara- villa, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61739. Not previously reported from Venezuela. The collections cited above have much larger leaves and spadices than are typical for this species, which appears to be too close to M. acuminata to be satisfactorily separated. The presumed difference of an obtuse leaf base in the one species and a cordate leaf base in the other does not appear to be a constant character. Monstera Snethlagei Krause. ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge above Quebrada Bonita, on side draining towards Rib Neveri, between "Carmelita" and Rib Leo'n by BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 819 Quebrada Danta, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 80O1100 m., 60987. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rib Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62172. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela, this species of Monstera, like others in the Oriente of Venezuela, is called "mamurillo." The climbing tough stems are used here for lashing posts together and other tying purposes in house construction. Monstera Moritziana (Schott) Steyermark, comb. nov. Anepsias Moritzianus Schott, Gen. Aroid. t. 73. 1858, Prodr. 352. 1860; Engler, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 230. 1879- Apparently no distinct floral differences exist to separate Anep- sias from Monstera. The character of the leaf difference breaks down in such species as M. dilacerata, M. Parkeriana, and others. In Anepsias the second and third lateral nerves of the leaf blades are described as being, subparallel to the primary ones, whereas in Monstera they are scarcely parallel and reticulate ly anastomosing, but these characters do not hold in the species above cited. More- over, in the generic description of Anepsias , Engler & Krause state "nervis in et IV reticularis." Thus, while the third and fourth set of lateral nerves are reticulate in Anepsias, those of the second and third set are reticulate in Monstera. Philodendron Karstenianum Schott. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tributary of Rio Neven', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61462. A common climb- ing species in this area. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Anthurium angosturense Engl. MERIDA: between La Trampa and Casadero, along tributary of Quebrada del Salado (between Lagunillas and La Azulita), alt. 2225-2590 m., 56176. A common terrestrial or epiphytic species in forests of Ladenbergia undata, this has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Anthurium cundinamarcense Engl. MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56422. A Colombian species, not previously reported from Venezuela. 820 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Anthurium Kalbreyeri Hort. Veitch. MERIDA: woods along Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55825. A terrestrial species not previously reported from Venezuela. Anthurium signatnm C. Koch. TACHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57445, 57446. In collection no. 57445 the plant is terrestrial, whereas in no. 57446 it is epiphytic. This Andean species has not been reported pre- viously from Venezuela. Monstera dilacerata C. Koch. YARACUY: level rainforest dominated by Roystonea, Sabal, Scheelea, and Bactris, near Taria, alt. 75 m., 56859. This epiphyte with orange fruit has been previously reported in Venezuela on the basis of a collection by Appun. Philodendron propinquum Schott. MERIDA: rich, damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. south- west of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56383. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. XYRIDACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Xyris lacerata Pohl. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58474; Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200m., 57865. Xyris savannensis Miq. Along Orinoco River, at Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama and San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. 100 m., 58423. Previously known from the top of Esmeralda Ridge (Tate 215) and Sabana Grande at the southeastern base of Duida (Steyermark 57865ajL SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Abolboda Gleasoniana Steyermark, nom. nov. A. rigida (Malme) Steyermark, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: no. 1: 105- 1951, based upon A. grandis var. rigida Malme, in Bull. Torr. Bot. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 821 Club 58: 326. 1931, not A. rigida Gleason, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 56: 16. 1929. RORAIMA Abolboda sceptrum Oliver. This was found both on the southwest-facing slopes at Emerald Swamp at an altitude of 1520 meters (58615) and on the summit, on the northwestern portion northwest of Summit Camp at an altitude of 2740 meters (58861). On the summit it was common in swampy de- pressions among vegetation in the morros. Its Indian name is "konok-pi-chauray." The leaf bases are boiled and the infusion is used for headaches. Abolboda vaginata (Spreng.) Alb. Nilsson. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru', (tributary of Rio Kukena'h), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 591 78a. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Xyris anceps Lam. Emerald Swamp, south west- facing slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58612. Xyris Fontanesiana Kunth is synonymous with this species. It has been reported from Venezuela previously under the synonymous name. Xyris decussata Gleason. Summit, on northwest portion north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58806. This species has not been reported pre- viously from Venezuela. Xyris guianensis Steudel. Southwest- facing slopes, Glycon Swamp and vicinity, alt. 1830- 1920 m., 58630. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the vicinity of Maypures, Upper Orinoco, this species is common in the Guianas and Brazil. Xyris Jupicai L. C. Richard. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m., 58548; between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), alt. 1065 m., 59144. This species has not been reported previously from the vicinity of Mount Roraima, although it is known from the base of Duida and Auyan-tepiif. Xyris witsenioides Oliver. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58719; southwest-facing portion of ledge just below summit, alt. 822 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 256C)-2620 m., 58790. There is considerable variation in this spe- cies. It varies from acaulescent to caulescent. In the above cited collections, no. 58790 has the stems and leaves much more con- tracted and reduced than the typical state represented by no. 58719. Also, the margin of the scape just below the inflorescence is more papillose-scabridulous in 58790 and 59736 (a collection from Ptari- tepuf) than shown in 58719. The same type of variation has been noted by Gleason and Killip in their Flora of Auyan-tepui in their discussion of Tate 1321 under A. witsenioides. PTARI-TEPUI Abolboda sceptrum Oliver. Brocchinia~Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59787; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1615 UK, 60244. Previously known in Venezuela from Duida and Roraima. Abolboda vaginata (Spreng.) Alb. Nilsson. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, be- tween Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60301. Xyris bicephala Gleason. Swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m. , 59647. Previously known only from Auyan-tepuf and Cerro Guaiquinima. Xyris hymenachne Mart. Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59841. This Brazilian species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. Xyris involucrata Nees. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rfo Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59341; swamp on open level portion of plateau on south east- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59650. Xyris Jupicai L. C. Richard. Common in moist spots of hematite outcrops on crest of Sororopan-tepui, between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60131. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 823 Xyris macro cephala Vahl. Swamp in savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60303. This Brazilian species has not been previously reported from Vene- zuela. The heads in this collection are as long as 30 mm. and 15 mm. thick in the dried state, but in moistened or boiled state they are only 10 mm. in thickness. Xyris setigera Oliver. Dry sandy' and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adja- cent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59664. Xyris Uleana Malme. Along Rio Karuai, northwest of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60823. A rare species, not previously reported from Vene- zuela. It is common on Tafelburg in Dutch Guiana, and is also known from British Guiana and adjacent Brazil. Xyris witsenioides Oliver. Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000- 2200 m., 59736. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Xyris acutifolia (Heimerl) Malme. ANZOATEGUI: in dried-up sphagnum bog in cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonla (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Berganb'n, alt. 2350 m., 61967. SUCRE: moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge or Cerro Turumiquire connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62624. An Andean species, which in Venezuela has not been found previously east of the Paramo de las Rosas in the state of Lara (Steyermark 55497). ERIOCAULACEAE49 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Eriocaulon guianense Korn. Around pools of water in igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58518. The species is otherwise known only from British and French Guiana. ^Eriocaulaceae by Harold N. Moldenke 824 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Paepalanthus pauper Moldenke. Sandy dry savanna between first and second woodlands after crossing Esmeralda Ridge on way to Duida, between Esmeralda Savanna and the southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57806. The species was known hitherto only from the original collection made on the Kaieteur Plateau of British Guiana (Maguire & Fanshawe 23206). Paepalanthus subtilis Miq. Among rock outcrops below mouth of Ri'o Sanariapo, along Rib Orinoco, alt. 100 m., 58447. This species has been known pre- viously only from British Guiana and Brazil. Syngonanthus biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rib Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58468. Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl. Sandy dry savanna between first and second woodlands after crossing Esmeralda Ridge on way to Duida, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57804. This variety has hitherto been known only from Brazil. Syngonanthus gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl. Swampy large savanna, between Esmeralda Savanna and south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57814. This variety has been known hitherto only from Brazil. Syngonanthus heteropeploides Herzog. On wet ground along stream at base of Mauritia palm, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57848. This species has hitherto been known only from the original collection in Amazonas, Brazil (Lutzelburg 21991). Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. On wet ground along stream at base of Mauritia palm, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57846. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela, it being hitherto known from Colombia, Brazil, and the Guianas. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Leiothrix flavescens (Bong.) Ruhl. Summit, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58252. Previously known in Venezuela from Roraima and Auyan-tepui. Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl. Summit, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58184. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 825 RORAIMA Eriocaulon melanocephalum Kunth. Submerged aquatic in meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina Pastora, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59256. This is the first Venezuelan record. The species has hitherto been known only from Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil, and Cuba. Paepalanthus convexus Gleason. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58778; crevices in shade of ledge, on southern half of the summit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58876. This species has hitherto been known only from Duida. Paepalanthus subtilis Miq. Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on the Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59193. This and the 58447 record, previously cited, are the only Venezuelan records for this British Guiana species. Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rib Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59303; swampy meadow south of Divina Pastora, 59262, 59308. Not previously re- corded in Venezuela from the vicinity of Roraima. Syngonanthus gracilis (Kom.) Ruhl. Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ni., 59196. Not previously recorded from the Roraima region of Venezuela. PTARI -TEPUl' Paepalanthus capillaceus Klotzsch. Submerged in running water, south-facing densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59453; in fast water on edge of waterfall and above waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meni, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 nu» 60208. Previously known in Vene- zuela from the Roraima and Humirida region. 826 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Syngonanthus biformis (N. £. Br.) Gleason. Sandy flat bordering woods above second waterfall, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 km. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60484. Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. Stream bank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 km. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60494. Syngonanthus gracilis (Kom.) Ruhl. Swampy ground following streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayien northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59332; swamp on open level portion of plateau of Ptari-tepui on southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59653. Syngonanthus longipes Gleason. In swamp in savanna bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60304. The species has hitherto been known from Auyan-tepui' and Roraima. Syngonanthus trico status Gleason. Sandy wet ground with Stegolepis and Brocchinia, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59367; in swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast^facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59643. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Syngonanthus gracilis (Ko'rn.) Ruhl. SUCRE: Valley between the base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62719. RAPATEACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Rapatea Spruceana Kcke. Swampy woods between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57822. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 827 SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Amphiphyllum rigidum Gleason. Summit, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58175; summit, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58249. In collection no. 58249 the leaf sheath is as long as 13 cm. while the leaves measure to 11 dm. long, both measurements exceeding the original ones given by Gleason. Stegolepis pauciflora Gleason. Summit, on high moist ridge top, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58330. The leaves in this collection are up to 100 cm. long, measuring longer than in the original collection described by Gleason. RORAIMA Stegolepis guianensis Kl. Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830- 1920 m., 58644; common on southern half of summit between Summit Camp, Great Central Rift, Central Swamp, and pond at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58918; on south west- facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100-2620 m., 58932. Not previously recorded from the upper slopes and summit of Roraima. In the collections cited above are encoun- tered considerable variation in the length of the leaf blade and leaf sheath. These variations appear to be correlated with the amount of shade present, those growing in shady places developing on the average more elongated leaf blades than those growing in exposed open situations. Number 58932, which had noticeably narrower and longer leaves than others growing on the summit, was collected from protected places or in crevasses, whereas other plants growing in exposed sunny situations developed shorter and broader leaves. PTARI-TEPUI Saxofridericia regalis Schomb. Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m», 60209. Locally known in this area as "paleu-rei," this tall herbaceous species is common in wet ground at this and slightly lower elevations. 828 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 BROMELIACEAE50 Subfam. I. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE Brocchinia acuminata L. B. Smith. Terrestrial, summit of Cerro Duida, on high moist ridge top, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58363. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, on forested south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59492. Originally described from Mount Auyan-tepuf. Brocchinia hechtioides Mez. Terrestrial, summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58292. Originally described from Mount Roraima. In the account of Mount Duida in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 338, this species as shown by Tate 846 was cited under B. reducta. Brocchinia reducta Baker. Common, border of woods in savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59406. Originally described fiom British Guiana. Brocchinia Tatei L. B. Smith. The common giant bromeliad (flowering plant 1.5 m. high), Ptari- tepui, along base of eas^facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410- 2450 m., 59931. Roraima, Guaiquinima. This material shows that the leaves are reticulate toward the base. Lindmania guianensis (Beer.) Mez. Mount Roraima, Emerald Swamp, southwest- facing slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58616. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepui, scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m. , 59641. Terrestrial, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa be- tween Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60231. Terres- trial, swampy savanna between Rio Karuai and Salto de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60696. Originally described from the Courantyne River in south- eastern British Guiana. Pitcairnia maidifolia (Morr.) Dene. Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60063. Caracas and Duida in Venezuela. Costa Rica, Colombia, British Guiana. Bromeliaceae by Lyman B. Smith BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 829 Puya floccosa (Linden) E. Morr. On rocky savanna at edge of mesa escarpment, wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60449. of Me'rida: between Beguilla and Mucuchachf, alt. 1065"2430 m., 56317- Mountains from Roraima in eastern Venezuela to southern Colombia. Subfam. II. TILLANDSIOIDEAE Guzmania pleiosticha (Griseb.) Mez. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 9: 930. 1896. Tillandsia pleiosticha Griseb. Goett. Nachr. 1864: 19. 1865. Guzmania Altsonii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89: 7. 1930. Epiphyte on tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675*1980 m., 60862- This material demonstrates the identity of Guzmania Altsonii with the earlier G. pleiosticha and thereby extends the range of G. pleiosticha to Surinam. Tillandsia Arnoldiana Harms. MONAGAS: on boulders, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62062. SUCRE: epiphyte on tree, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62513 (inflorescence unusually small and with simple branches) and 62514 (inflorescence large but irregular and apparently diseased). Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. New to Venezuela. Tillandsia caribaea L. B. Smith. T. Fendleri Mez, not Griseb. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Mount Roraima, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 nu, 59005. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, on dense- ly forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59556. Colonia Tovar in Venezuela. Cuba, Haiti. Tillandsia compacta Griseb. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59558. Cor- dillera de la Costa, Venezuela. Cuba, Haiti. Tillandsia Deppeana Steud. Norn. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 688. 1841. T. rubra sensu L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Venezuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 151. 1951. Not R. & P. 830 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Epiphyte on tree, Ptari-tepui^ Bonne tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59732. Common on bluffs, Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59911. Generally distributed in the mountains of Venezuela. Mexico and the West Indies to Venezuela, Peru, and Bolivia. Tillandsia Deppeana var. reducta (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb, nov. T. rubra var. reducta L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Vene- zuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 151. 1951. Tillandsia duidae L. B. Smith. Terrestrial on mossy boulder-strewn ground, Mount Roraima, southwest- facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58998. Epiphyte on tree trunk, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes in vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1900 m., 59802. Described from Mount Duida, Venezuela. This species is very close to T. data Baker and ultimately may be considered only a geographic variety. However, as shown by the above collections, it consistently has broader primary bracts, narrower less complanate spikes and more coriaceous less nerved floral bracts. Tillandsia globosa Wawra. MONAGAS: epiphyte on branches of 61959, along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61954. Eastern Brazil. New to Venezuela. Tillandsia incurva Griseb. Epiphyte on small tree trunk, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao- tepuf, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60858. Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela. Southern Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Bolivia. Tillandsia Lescaillei Wright. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rib Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61417. Cuba and Haiti. New to Venezuela. The species differs from T. spiculosa Griseb. only in its pendent inflorescence. Tillandsia Turner! Baker. Epiphyte on branches, Ptari-tepui, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 831 and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 595 61 • Epi- phyte on small tree, summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2470-2500 m., 60900. Roraima, Duida. Colombia, northwestern Brazil. Vriesia lacera (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. Tillandsia lacera L. B. Smith in Steyermark, Contrib. Fl. Vene- zuela, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 150. 1951 • For explanation of this type of transfer see Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 430. 1951. Vriesia splendens (Brongn.) Lem. Epiphyte on lower trunk of tree or on ground, Ptari-tepiu, south- facing densely forested slopes between Rib Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59421. Trinidad, the Gui anas. Aechmea latifolia (Willd.) Kl. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 36. 1889. Bromelia latifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. 7: 1283. 1830. Aechmea Fendleri Andre, Brom. Andr. 13. 1889- DlSTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between Los Venados and Papelo'n, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55075. Distrito Fed- eral, Venezuela. Central Columbia. This species has been known from Venezuela for a long time under the name of Aechmea Fendleri, but this is the first time it has been recorded under the older name of A. latifolia. The number of flowers on a branch, the character by which Mez attempted to separate A. Fendleri, is hardly of specific value, nor does the material substantiate his statements. Aechmea pubescens Baker. MERIDA: epiphyte on palm (56733), rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56732. Honduras to Colombia. First record for Venezuela. Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L. B. Smith var. nanus L. B. Smith. Terrestrial, Ptari-tepuT, forest between base of cerro and Rio Karuai, alt. 1250 m., 59414. Brazil. First record for Venezuela. COMMELINACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Aneilema geniculata (Jacq.) Woodson. ANZOATEGUI: bamboo-covered dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergaritin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61102. Locally known as "curarina," this species has been reported previously in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar. 832 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Callisia monandra (Swartz) Schult. ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 400- 500 m., 61203. Locally known as "monte de agua." Campelia Zanonia (L.) H.B.K. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61321. Known as "anilino montanero," the black-bluish purple fruit is used for making into an ink. Commelina robusta Kunth. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62246. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Campelia Zanonia (L.) H.B.K. f MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56437. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Andes. Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Standl. BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57725. Previous- ly recorded in Venezuela from the Casiquiare River region. Dichorisandra villosula Mart. MERIDA: woods along canyon of Rio Canagua, between Mucucha- chi and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56341. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. The leaves in the above cited collection average slightly smaller, and the sepals and petals slightly larger than in typical D. villosula, but this may appear more accentuated due to the existence of only a few specimens on hand for comparative study. The plant is known locally as "sue Ida con sue Ida." The sepals were observed to be lilac or pale purple with greenish tips, the petals purple, the anthers pale green suffused with lilac, the filaments pale green, the style pale green, and the leaves noted as dull green above, and paler dull green below. Tinantia erecta f. puberula Standl. & Steyerm. MERIDA: vicinity of Tabay, around margin of cafetales, alt. 2195 m., 57054. This form has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 833 JUNCACEAE PTARI -TEPuf Juncus densiflorus H.B.K. By wooded streamlet, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60125. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Juncus marginatus Rostk. var. setosus Coville. SUCRE: by swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62700. This is the first record of this species for Venezuela. Juncus microcephalus H.B.K. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Ceiro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neverf along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62722. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Oriente. ANDES Juncus densiflorus H.B.K. LARA: meadow above Los Aposentos, along trail between Las Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m., 55479. Juncus dichotomus Ell. MERIDA: dry top of Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 nu, 57071. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Juncus involucratus Steud. TAG H IRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57222. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Although usually 6 stamens are found in this species, the present collection possess- es only 3. Juncus microcephalus H.B.K. LAR.A: meadow above Los Aposentos, along trail between Las Sabanetas, Los Aposentos, and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m., 55418. The present collection contains only 3 stamens, whereas 6 is the usual number present. 834 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 PTARI-TEPUI Phaeosphaerion persicariae folium (DC.) C. B. Clarke. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 ra., 60787. Known locally as "urillo," this species has been known in Venezuela previously from the island of Margarita and from the state of Anzoategui. THURNIACEAE PTARI -TEPuf Thurnia sphaerocephala Hook. f. Rocky bank of Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60491. PONTEDERIACEAE RORAIMA Heteranthera zosteraefolia Mart. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m-> 59165. Another collection of this species was obtained also in the state of Bolivar in the vicinity of Tumeremo at an altitude of 305 meters (60946). These represent the first collections of this species from Venezuela. Number 59165 was collected in shallow water of a slow stream, while no. 60946, known as "bora" in the vicinity of Tume- remo, was collected along the margin of a swamp. The broadly cordate oblong-lanceolate leaves are produced at the tip of the plant and are floating leaves. The usual description of the leaves states them as being linear, but F. Hildebrand in his paper "Uber Heteranthera zosterifolia" in EngL Bot. Jahrb. 6: 137, 1885» points out that aquarium-grown specimens produced ovate or elliptical leaves at the surface of the water, whereas the other nar- row leaves were all submerged. This corresponds to the observa- tions made in my collections, except that the floating leaves are even more contrasted in shape. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 835 Juncus tenuis f. anthelatus (Wieg.) Hermann. TACHIRA: moist open places in thickets along quebrada, above Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2285-2430 m., 57274. This form of the species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. LILIACEAE PTARI -TEPllf Nietneria corymbosa Kl. & Rich. Schomb. Bonntetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000- 2200 m., 59750. Previously known in Venezuela from Mount Roraima and vicinity. Smilax staminea Griseb. Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59696. Not previously re- corded from Venezuela. Tofieldia Schomburgkiana Oliver. Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59784. Previously recorded from the other high cerros of the Guyana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Smilax Poeppigii Kunth. A NZ GATE GUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61240. Not previously re- corded from Venezuela. Locally the roots are cooked and used in treating fevers, while the stems are used to make guayares. Smilax pseudosiphilitica Kunth. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62224. This species has not been recorded previously from the Oriente of Venezuela. Smilax scabriuscula Willd. MONAGAS: sprawling over low shrubs and herbs on Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500- 2180 m., 62050; vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62269; Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62339. Previously known in Venezuela from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar, these are the first collections recorded from the Oriente. 836 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES Smilax floribunda H.B.K. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tarn/, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57323. Previously recorded in Venezuela from Mount Duida. Smilax tomentosa H.B.K. MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56635. Not previously reported from Venezuela. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Bomarea Bredemeyerana (Willd.) Herb.51 MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62076. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62494. This species occurs in the mountains of western Venezuela, where it reaches an altitude of about 3000 meters, and in the general vicinity of Caracas. The two collections here cited extend its range of distribution to the northeastern part of the country. Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Urban. ANZOATEGUI: spontaneous, in open exposed clay-shale soil along banks of R/o Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri', northeast of Bergantirij alt. 500 m., 61057. In this section the species appears wild. The perianth segments, including the claw, attain 8 cm. in length, are of a brick-red-salmon with patches of pale greenish-yellow at the base of the blade. Hippeastrum solandri folium Herb. SUCRE: common, on rocky open limestone slopes, between Cocol- lar and Guamal, alt. 1200 m., 62435. This is the easternmost record for the occurrence of this species in Venezuela. The pendent flow- ers are creamy-white without, creamy-white within, the outer surface of the segments suffused with yellowish, while the tube is pale greenish suffused with dull lavender stripes at the base. In some plants the outer perianth segments have a dull brick-salmon midrib, in others this brick color is absent. Also, in some plants the lavender color at the base of the perianth tube is absent, leaving it pale greenish and the remainder of the perianth creamy. The plants are known locally as "lirio bianco." ^Bomarea by E. P. Killip BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 837 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Bomarea caraccensis Herb. LARA: climbing along edge of rocky bed of stream, between Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55511. In this section of the Andes known as "papa de monte," this species has not been recorded previously in the Andean portion of the country. Bomarea crassifolia Baker. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57318, 57319. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the state of Merida. Bomarea hispida Baker. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57342. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Hypoxis decumbens var. major Seub. DISTRITO FEDERAL: woods above Los Venados, between Los Venados and Guayabo Mocho, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1765 m., 56901. This variety has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Sprekelia formosissima (L.) Herb. MERIDA: on slopes near river, outskirts of Mucutuy, between Beguilla and Mucuchachi', alt. 1065-2430 m., 56299. Naturalized and escaped from cultivation at this locality. This species has not been previously recorded from Venezuela as spontaneous or escaped into a wild area. VELLOZIACEAE PTARI-TEPllf Vellozia Alexandrinae (Schomb.) Goeth. & Henr. Common in open rocky places in thickets by Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60326. This showy-flowered species has erect stems attaining a meter to a meter and a half tall. The flowers are very fragrant. It is known locally as "comida de venado." The species is com- mon throughout the Venezuelan Guayana. There is some hesitation in placing the above cited collection under this name, as it differs from Goeth. & Henrard's description 838 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 in having leaves only 5"6 mm. instead of 12-15 mm. broad, and in the shorter stature of 1-2 instead of 3*4 meters tall, the latter height given by Goeth. & Henrard. Vellozia tubiflora H.B.K. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58450. This collection possesses 14 stamens instead of 18, the latter number described for the species originally. This species, described by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1825, is a low-growing one only 0.3*0.6 meters tall with white flowers and recurved perianth segments. It is characteristic of granitic areas along the Orinoco River. It appears to be distinct from Vellozia A lexandrinae, originally described as Barbacenia Alexandrinae by Schomburgk. The plant which Schomburgk collected is much taller and has the flowers colored white and lavender and the segments are not recurved as in V. tubiflora. DIOSCOREACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Dioscorea trifida L. f. Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m.f 57876. This species has not been definitely recorded before from Venezuela. PTARI-TEPUI Dioscorea trifida L. f. In cleared opening of forest in lower portion of Quebrada O-paru- ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60530. Planted in this area by the Taurepan Indians, who eat the purple underground stem. The local Indian name for the plant is "napoi, " the Spanish name being "mapuey." CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Dioscorea bulbifera L. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary of Ru> Neverf, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61060. Not previously recorded in this section of Venezuela, where it is known BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 839 locally as "Santo Domingo." The underground stems are edible when cooked, as are also the fruits. IRIDACEAE52 RORAIMA Sisyrinchium Marchio (Veil.) Steud. Gran Sabana, north of Kun between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065*1220 m., 59113; between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59294. These specimens belong to a highly complex, variable, yet definite, group, from which it would be impossible as well as unprofitable to create segregates at present. This can be done only after the accumula- tion of much more material and the re-study of numerous types, mostly in European herbaria. Consequently, the oldest name in the group has been used, in the broadest sense, for the whole com- plex. As a group, it is found largely in Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia; one sheet from Colombia has been seen, and a number from Mexico and Central America. This Venezuelan material is the first from that country to be seen by the writer. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Sisyrinchium tinctorium H.B.K. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62084. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62626. Although S. tinctorium was originally described from south- eastern Venezuela, collections from that country are still rather uncommon in herbaria. Known also from Mexico and Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia, Very variable in height and in the relative lengths of inner and outer spathes. Trimezia meridensis Herb. MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agustih, alt. 900-950 m., 61791. The determination of this collection is doubtful, since most of the material is in fruit; unquestionably it belongs in the group of T. martinicensis. The species was originally (and rather inadequately) described from Venezuelan material. The genus Trimezia at the present time is badly in need of re- vision. It may eventually be proven that T. martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb, is synonymous with T. meridensis. 52lridaceae by Robert C. Foster 840 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 MUSACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Ravenala guianensis (L. C. Rich.) Benth. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58067. This species was encountered in large numbers under a canopy of Maximiliana regia, Jessenia polycarpa, and Oenocarpus bacaba. The strikingly fan-shaped arrangement of the ascending leaves at the summit of a trunk 10-12 meters tall and 12.5 cm. in diameter is very characteristic of the native Ravenala. The leaf blades are dull green above and below, the petioles are glaucous, the bracts and rachis of the inflores- cence are glaucous, while the flowers are greenish and white; the upper petal is white with olive-green on the margins and tip, and the other petals are similar. This is the first record of the species for Venezuela. ZINGIBERACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Renealmia hum His (A. Rich.) O. G. Peters. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Ri'o Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60537. Known locally as "a-marma-yek," this species has not been re- ported previously from Venezuela. It is also known from French Guiana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Costus cylindricus Jacq. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada D an ta, tribu- tary to Rio Never!, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61083. Pre- viously known in Venezuela only from the vicinity of Caracas. Locally known as "cana la India," the stems of this species are crushed together with sugar cane or with the guarapo of the sugar cane in the preparation of a jelly that is used to treat pneumonia and fevers. Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Roscoe. MONAGAS: cultivated at Las Delicias, above Caripe, alt. 1000 m. , 62285. This species has not been reported previously in culti- vation in Venezuela. It is native of the Old World. The flowers and BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 841 floral bracts are very showy. The flowering stems appear above ground from creeping rhizomes, the leaves not being present at this stage. Renealmia geostachys K. Schum. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61409. The identity of this plant is questionable; the species has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela. Locally it is known as "conopia." It is believed that pains may be alleviated by applying a heated leaf to the place where pain is felt. An ink is sometimes prepared from the fruit. ANDES Renealmia thyrsoidea (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl. ME RID A: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55807. This Andean species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. The present determination is questionable. Known locally as "istu" this plant is an interesting one in the region, because of the uses to which it is applied. The mature purple flesh of the fruit is used in the making of ink; the dried leaves are often placed over cuts or scratches to act as a sort of bandage or cover; the most interesting application of the fruit is that the seeds, when toasted and mashed, are made into a cafe' type of beverage; also, when taken with coffee, they are said to aid in childbirth and serve as a remedy for chills and colds. The flesh of the fruit is reported to be used in soups and is considered to have nutritive properties. MARANTACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Ischnosiphon obliquus (Rudge) Koern. Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57894. Not previously recorded from the Upper Orinoco of Venezuela. RORAIMA Ischnosiphon aruma (Aubl.) Koern. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rib Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, 842 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59225. Not previously re- corded from the Venezuelan Guayana. This herb is a useful one Ln the economy of the natives of this region. Known as "manare" ("tirita") the hard epidermis of the stems is split into lengths, which are woven into baskets for carrying cargo on the backs of the Indians. These carrier baskets are known as guayares. PTARI-TEPUI Ischnosiphon aruma (Aubl.) Koern. Vicinity of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60915. As in the region of Roraima, this plant is known locally to the Indians as "manare," and has the same use as that given above under Roraima. Ischnosiphon gracilis (Rudge) Koern. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, alt. 915-1065 m., 60557. The determination has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. This collection is the type of /. Lasseriana Steyermark. The species has not been previously recorded for Venezuela. Monotagma laxum (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60590. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana. In this area it is known to the Taurepan Indians as "tale-de-ya" ("casupo" is the Spanish name). Monotagma spicatum (Aubl.) Macbr. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60616. The determina- tion has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. This species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. It occurs in Dutch and British Guiana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Calathea casupito (Jacq.) Mey. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tributary of Rio Neverf, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61454. This species is locally common in this region. It has not been previously recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 843 Calathea villosa Lindl. var. pardina (Planch. & Lindl.) Koern. SUCRE: southern slopes of Ceiro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62820. BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57724. The variety has not been reported previously from Vene- zuela. The species has not been recorded as far east in Venezuela. Monotagma spicatum (Aubl.) Macbr. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62202. The determination has been made by Dr. J. Idrobo. For comment on distribution of this species, refer to note under Ptari-tepui. ANDES Maranta lutea Jacq. (Stromanthe lutea Qacq.] Eichl.). ME RID A: along forested slopes of river, between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56153; rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 ro. , 56717. This species has not been reported pre- viously from the Venezuelan Andes, where it occurs at the relatively lower elevations as in the Cordillera de la Costa. Dr. J. Idrobo has determined the collections cited above. BURMANNIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Burmannia flava Mart. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57800. Not previously recorded from the Duida region. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Gymnosiphon arcuatus Urb. Between Aguita and summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 945 m., 58390. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. The determination is questionable. 844 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Gymnosiphon cymosus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. Saprophyte on humus in pockets between trees, southeastern- facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 700 m., 57959. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. RORAIMA Burmannia flava Man. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Rorairaa, alt. 915-1005 m., 59271. The spe- cies has not been reported previously from the Roraima region. Burmannia flava Mart. yar. macroptera Jonk. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59271a. This variety has not been reported previously from Venezuela. PTARI-TEPUI Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnh. var. hymenanthera (Miq.) Jonk. Saprophyte in moist woods along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan- tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60802. Not previously re- corded from Venezuela, the variety is known from the Guianas, Brazil, and the West Indies, while the species ranges from the southern United States to Brazil, Bolivia and the West Indies. Burmannia bicolor Mart. Moist sandy ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rib Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220m., 59326. Gymnosiphon cornutus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. Saprophyte on south-facing densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59437. The species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. The determination is questionable. Gymnosiphon mattogrossensis (Malme) Jonk. Common saprophyte on south-facing densely forested .slopes be- tween Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250- 1520 m., 59429. Like the above, this species has not hitherto been reported from Venezuela, but the identification is questionable. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 845 I CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Dictyostega orobanchoides (Hook.) Miers. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peoma (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantfn, northeast of Bergantih, ak. 1000- 1450 m., 61419. DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Duckiella sp. Sabana Grande, northeast of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58409. Only immature buds present. This is a slender plant with basal tufts of linear, equitant leaves. The genus has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Pogonia sp. Savanna between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57884. Only immature buds are present. The plant is tall, slender, with a single appressed lanceolate-linear leaf and a strictly branching inflorescence. Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K. Terrestrial in open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58515. A widespread and variable species. Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and probably Bolivia. Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl. Epiphyte in leaf-bases of Mauritia palm in Sabana Grande, north- east of Esmeralda, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 58403; terrestrial among rock outcrops below mouth of Rio Sana- riapo, along Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58440. Also British Guiana, Surinam, and Brazil. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Pogonia sp. Terrestrial on summit of Cerro Duida, on top of high moist ridge, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58314. No flowers present, apparently allied to, if not referable to P. stricta C. Schweinf. 53 Orchidaceae by Charles Schweinfurth 846 PEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames. Pogonia macrophyllus Lindl. Terrestrial in steep woods, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1330-1660 m., 58052. Also Guatemala, Costa Rica, the West Indies, and Peru. Epidendrum brae hyphy Hum Lindl. Terrestrial, on face of moist exposed cliff with large bromeliads (Brocchinia Tatei) growing on vertical bluffs, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1500 m., 58037. Epidendrum sp. aff. E. teretifolium Sw. Epiphyte in steep woods, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Caffo Iguapo), alt. 1330-1660 m., 58053. Plant medium-sized; leaves narrowly linear, longitudinally sulcate, more or less recurved. Polycycnis surinamensis C. Schweinf., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 75: 224. fig. 17. 1948. Terrestrial, southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs, near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58016. Surinam. New to Venezuela. Koellensteinia graminea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Epiphyte, in forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58088. Maxillaria Quelchii Rolfe. ex char. Terrestrial on summit of Cerro Duida, on top of high moist ridge, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58325. Previously known only from Mount Roraima. RORAIMA Habenaria entomantha (Llav. & Lex.) Lindl. Savanna, Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m«> 58552; between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59298. Pogonia sp. aff. P. divaricata (L.) R. Br. Terrestrial on dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 847 Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59205. Only fruit present; tall stout, unifoliate plant. Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. Terrestrial, among bushes along margins of Central Swamp, sum- mit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of the summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58903. This collection is probably to be referred to the above species. The coriaceous leaves and stout scape "are abnormal, but the in- florescence is incomplete in the specimen cited. Ponthieva sp. Terrestrial on southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58962. The present collection is probably to be referred to this genus. It is a tall plant with basal rosette of 6 lanceolate-elliptic, acumi- nate, long-petioled leaves and long loose raceme. Malaxis Maguirei C. Schweinf. Terrestrial, on moist mossy boulders over bluffs or crevasses, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040 m., 58979. Known previously only from Surinam, this is the first Venezuelan record for the species. Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl. Terrestrial, summit of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58855; terrestrial on forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58686; terrestrial, in meadow, vicinity of Rondon Camp, on southwest-facing slopes, alt. 2040 m., 58940. Widely distributed in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. var. lanceolatum Griseb. Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58794. Previously known from Central America and the West Indies. Apparently previously unrecorded from South America. Epidendrum repens Cogn. Pendent epiphyte from mossy tree trunk, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58968. 848 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Polystachya nana (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f. Epiphyte on tree, wooded margin of Uiaren River, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora and Santa Elena, south of Mount Rorairaa, alt. 915-1005 m., 59289. Known also from the West Indies, British Guiana, Surinam, north- ern Brazil, and Peru. Galeandra Beyrichii Rchb. f. Terrestrial, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukena'n, at base of Mount Roraima, Gran Sabana, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58590. Vernacular name: "murmura" (which signifies in Spanish "name de monte"). Known also from Florida, the West Indies, Colombia, Brazil, and perhaps Peru. Bletia florid a (Salisb.) R. Br. Terrestrial, in forested south west- facing quebrada pear Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58650. Known also from the West Indies and Colombia. Catasetum planiceps Lindl. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rib Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58568. Vernacular name: "muramu" or "cebolleta." Known also from British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and perhaps Peru. Maxillaria meridensis Lindl. Epiphyte on tree branch, southwest-facing forested slopes be- tween Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58986. Known also from Guadeloupe, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf. Epiphyte on tree branch, southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58946. This variety of an Ecuadorian species, the variety originally de- scribed from Peru, is new to Venezuela. Dichaea pendula (Aubl.) Cogn. Epiphyte on branch of tree in rich wet woods, ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m., 58728. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 849 This collection is probably to be referred to the above species. The flowers seen with the collection were rather poor for certain identification. The species ranges also in Costa Rica, French Guiana, and Brazil. PTARI -TEPllf Selenipedium palm (folium (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Terrestrial, in woods, southeastern portion of base of Carrao- tepuf, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60854. The leaves are unusually narrow in this specimen, but it probably is to be referred to this species. The species is known also in Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana, and Brazil. It has not been previously recorded from Venezuela. Phragmipedium Klotzschianum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe. Terrestrial in masses, common along rocky sandy streambank, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60487. Known otherwise only from the Roraima area. Phragmipedium Lindleyanum (Schomb.) Rolfe. On boulder, crest of Sororopan-tepui between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60104. Known otherwise only from Mount Roraima. Ilabenaria caldensis Kranzl. Woods in draw, on summit of Sororopan-tepui", alt. 2225*2255 ni«> 60099. The anterior lobe of petal is shorter than typical. The species has also been found in Venezuela on Auyan-tepui', and is otherwise known from British Guiana, Brazil, and Peru. Habenaria parviflora Lindl. Rocky hematite exposures on open slopes, summit of Sororopa'n- tepuf at west end, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60059. Also known from Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. Habenaria roraimensis Rolfe. Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59771. This is the first record outside of Rorairaa, the type locality. Habenaria sp. Terrestrial on Sororopan-tepuf, wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru'-meru), alt. 1656-1980 m., 60200. 850 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 The plant is rather large, with elliptic -lanceolate leaves and a long, many-flowered raceme. The flowers are not in a satisfactory condition for certain determination. Pogonia sp. aff. P. monantha Rodr. Terrestrial by wooded streamlet, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60126. The plant is more or less 5.5 dm. tall, with 1 or several elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic leaves. As only immature buds are present, it is not possible to be absolutely certain of the specific identification. Epistephium macrophyllum Schltr. Border of woods in savanna, Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59402. Originally described from Peru, and previously recorded from Venezuela only from Auyan-tepui. The present collection has smaller leaves than is typical. Epistephium parviflorum Lindl. Common in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari- tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60349. The species occurs also in Trinidad, British Guiana, and Brazil. Elleanthus capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f. Epiphyte on trunk of Podocarpus, forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59709. The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Ecuador, and Peru. Elleanthus linifolius Presl. Epiphyte on prostrate tree trunk, south-facing densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui, between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59436. The species occurs also in Mexico and Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. Sobralia liliastrum Lindl. Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuaf, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59387; terrestrial, near stream on BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 851 savanna-covered slope toward east end of Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 2255 m., 60117. The species is also known in British Guiana and Brazil. Sobralia stenophylla Lindl. On rocks at base of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m.r 60221; beside fast water, in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m., 60338. The species also occurs in British Guiana. Sobralia sp. aff. S. violacea Linden ex Lindl. Common terrestrial plant on forested sandstone, south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp" of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1700-1800 m., 59698. The plant is atypical with smooth stems. Sobralia sp. Terrestrial in woods along slopes of waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru- meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60219. Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60052. Known previously in Venezuela from Auyan-tepuf. The species occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Stelis muscifera Lindl. Epiphyte on tree trunk on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1810 m., 59520. The species is known only from Venezuela. Stelis sp. Terrestrial on rocky hematite outcrops on open slopes on west end of summit of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60062. A medium-sized plant, cespitose, with oblong-linear leaves and short solitary strict racemes. As no flowers are present, it is not possible to refer this collec- tion to any known species with certainty. Masdevallia sp. aff. M. picturata Rchb. f. Epiphyte on slender mossy branches, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 852 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 m., 59812. A small plant, cespitose; stems abbreviated; leaves narrowly oblanceolate; scapes filiform, naked, 1 -flowered. As the collection is in fruit only, the specific determination is not certain. Lepanthes duidensis A. & S. Epiphyte on branch, south-facing forested slopes overlying sand- stone just northeast of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui', alt. 1800-1850 m., 59820. Apparently restricted to the sandstone table-mountains of Vene- zuela. Previously known only from Duida. Pleurothallis Broadway! Ames. Epiphyte on tree, forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1700-1800 m., 59708. The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Isla Margarita. It is otherwise known from Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Pleurothallis roraimensis Rolfe. Epiphyte on branches of tree, on densely forested steep south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and moist base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59562; epiphyte on tree branch, along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59945. Apparently restricted to certain table -mountains of Venezuela. Pleurothallis semipellucida Rchb. f. Terrestrial on mossy hump, on forested south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59572. Known also from Trinidad, Peru, and Bolivia. Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl. Epiphyte on Hirtella macrophylla, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 91 5"! 065 m., 60564. This collection, in mature fruit, probably is to be referred to this species. Pleurothallis uncinata Fawc. Epiphyte on branch, on south-facing densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59477. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela. It is otherwise known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Jamaica. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 853 Pleurothallis vaginata Schltr. Terrestrial on densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59550. This species is also known from Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, British Guiana, Peru, and Bolivia. It is not included among the orchids in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana. Pleurothallis Wilsonii Lindl. aff. Creeping on trunk, on wooded ridge between quebrada and water- fall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru) of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1656-1980 m., 60198. This species has previously been recorded only from the West Indies. As the present collection is in fruit only, its determination is not certain. Pleurothallis sp. Terrestrial or on rocky places, along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59932. A medium- sized plant; stems conspicuous with few large tubular sheaths; leaf elliptic-oblong; inflorescence solitary, shorter than the leaf. Since the collection is in fruit only, its exact identity is uncertain. Brachionidium brevicaudatum Rolfe. Epiphyte on log, rich woods on ridge just below summit of Sororopan-tepiu, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60047. Known previously only from Roraima, the type locality. Octomeria sp. aff. O. parvifolia Rolfe. Epiphyte on trunk of Bonnetia roraimae, summit of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 2470-2500 m., 60907. Plant small, stems prominent, leaf linear. The flowers present are unsatisfactory for certain identification. Liparis elata Lindl. Terrestrial on south-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari- tepuf between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59443. Known also from Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and all of northern South America. Hexisia reflexa Rchb. f. Epiphyte on tree in wooded ravine below edge of mesa between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60464. Vernacular name: 854 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 "ye-pa-kum" (the general name used for "parasita" by the Indians of this area). The species occurs also in the West Indies, Surinam, and Brazil. Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindl. Terrestrial on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1810m., 59516; common on Sororopan-tepuf, crest of cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60158; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60275. Widely distributed in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Epidendrum caespitosum Rodr. Terrestrial in scrubby forest at margin of swampy meadow, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp" on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan- tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60245; terrestrial in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana- ye'n and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60325. The erect tall stems vary from nearly 2 to over 3 meters tall. This species has not previously been recorded from Venezuela. It is known otherwise from Brazil and Colombia. Epidendrum carnosum Lindl. Terrestrial on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui in Bonnetia roraimae forest, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59733; common terrestrial plant in Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on south west- facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59783; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60246. Previously recorded in Venezuela from Mount Duida. Known other- wise in Brazil, British Guiana, and Guadeloupe. Epidendrum coriifolium Lindl. Epiphyte on tree trunk along stream above waterfall, Salto de Iwaracanf-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60223. Lip slightly indented on each side. Previously recorded in Venezuela from Auyan-tepui'. The species is also known from Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, and Peru. Epidendrum crassilabium Poepp. & Endl. E. variegatum Hook, is a synonym. Epiphyte on Chaetocarpus stipularis by fast water, in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Tere- sita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60337. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 855 The species also occurs in Costa Rica, Panama, the West Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K. E. Schomburgkii Lindl. is a synonym. Terrestrial along streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59348; savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Ri'o Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60328; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60159. A widespread and variable species, occurring in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and probably Bolivia. Epidendrum Miersii Lindl. Terrestrial, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60276. Previously recorded in Venezuela from Roraima. The species is otherwise known from British Guiana and Brazil. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. Terrestrial on rocky exposures, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60114; terrestrial on rocky exposures, Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60133. The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, all of northern South America, and Sierra Leone, Africa, where probably introduced. Epidendrum oncidioides Lindl. Epiphyte among lower branches of shrubs in woods, lower south- eastern slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1675-1980 m., 60870. The species is also found in Mexico, Central America, and most of South America. Epidendrum ramosum Jacq. var. lanceolatum Griseb. Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk on forested south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1810-2100 m., 59535. As previously noted under the section treating Roraima, this variety has not previously been recorded from South America. Epidendrum repens Cogn. Epiphyte dangling from mossy tree trunk, on forested south-facing 856 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepul, alt. 1810 m., 59522. The species also occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Epidendrum teretifolium Sw. Epiphyte on tree on forested sandstone, south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1700- 1800 m., 59722. The species alst> occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Epidendrum tigrinum Linden ex Lindl. Terrestrial on south-facing, densely forested slopes overlying sandstone, vicinity of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1800 m., 59966. Also occurs in Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Epidendrum violascens Ridl. Terrestrial on exposed top of big boulder, in Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59765. This species is restricted to the table-mountains of Venezuela. Epidendrum sp. Epiphyte on living trunk of Geonoma, along base of high south- facing, sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepul, alt. 2419 m., 59895. Plant tall; stems subremote on a creeping rhizome, distichously leaved above; leaves subremote, oblong-elliptic, rather large; peduncle short; inflorescence loosely paniculate with simple ascending branches. An old flower is present on the summit of the mature ellipsoid fruit, but certain identification is not possible. Scaphy glottis grandiflora A. & S. On top of big boulder on south-facing, densely fores ted slopes overlying sandstone, vicinity of Cave Rock, "" Ptar i-tepui, alt. 1800 m., 59962. Recorded formerly only from Mount Duida. Scaphyglottis sp. Epiphyte on tree in scrubby forest at margin of swampy meadow, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60249. Plant rather small; stems superposed, relatively short, branching at the nodes; leaves in pairs at the nodes, linear; flowers axillary, very small. The flowers are too old for certain identification. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 857 Scaphyglottis sp. Epiphyte on tree trunk, wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1 065-1220 m., 60382. Buds only are present on this specimen. The plant is tall, very slender; stems clavate, long- stipitate below, 1 -leaved at the apex; leaf erect, elongate, narrowly linear; peduncle axillary, short, loosely few-flowered. Without mature flowers certain identification is not possible. Isochilus linearis (Jacq.) R. Br. Epiphyte on Hirtella macrophylla in lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kava- nayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60563. A widespread species occurring in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, -South America south to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Bletia florida (Salisb.) R. Br. Terrestrial, near streamlet, Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro be- tween east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60145. The species occurs also in the West Indies and Colombia. Bulbophyllum geraense Rchb. f. Terrestrial, on dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59674. In Venezuela this species has been recorded previously only from Roraima. It is also known to occur in Brazil. Bulbophyllum Warmingianum Cogn. Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepuf and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60611. This species also occurs in Brazil. It is not recorded in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana. Cyrtopodium Broadway! Ames. Terrestrial, in savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60350. Previously unreported from Venezuela, this species is known otherwise from Trinidad. Catasetum discolor (Lindl.) Lindl. Terrestrial on rocks, Sororopan-tepui', crest of cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m.,; 60116; terrestrial over rocky 858 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 surfaces in savanna, along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60749. Reported previously in Venezuela from Roraima and the Alto Orinoco. The species also occurs in British Guiana, Surinam, and Brazil. Eriopsis biloba Lindl. Terrestrial, Sororopan-tepu/, crest of cerro between east and west ends, alt. 2255 m., 60138. Recorded in Venezuela previously from Roraima. The species also occurs in Peru. Houlletia roraimensis Rolfe. Terrestrial on steep forested slopes at base of first line of sand- stone bluffs, on south-facing part of Ptari-tepuf, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59864. Previously recorded only from Roraima. Apparently restricted to the table-mountains of Venezuela. Otostylis brachystalix (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Terrestrial on south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1675 ni., 60970. The species occurs also in Trinidad, BritisTi Guiana, and Colom- bia. In Venezuela it has been recorded previously only from Auyan- tepui'. Zygopetalum Burkei Rchb. f. Epiphyte on low shrubs in swamp of dwarf bushes with Heliamphora, Stegolepis, and Bonnetia, southeastern portion at base of Carrao-tepu/, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60855. In Venezuela this species has been previously recorded from Roraima and Auyan-tepuf. It occurs also in British Guiana. Zygopetalum venustum Ridl. Terrestrial in sandy savanna, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60254. This species is known only from the Roraima region. In the present collection the flowers are too old for certain identification. Maxillaria attenuata A. & S. Epiphyte on tree on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sand- stone bluffs of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59539. This species is new to South America. It had been found pre- viously only in Costa Rica. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 859 Maxillaria aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. O. Wms. var. gigantea (Lindl.) C. Schweinf. Terrestrial on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59575; same habitat, just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59821. This variety also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Maxillaria brunnea Linden & Rchb. f. Epiphyte in dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna be- tween base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepuT, alt. 1220 m., 60773. This species has heretofore been recorded only from Colombia. Maxillaria Connellii Rolfe. Epiphyte on tree trunk on steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59538. Originally described from Roraima, and previously known only from that locality. The present collection has the flower slightly smaller than in typical M. Connellii. Maxillaria meridensis Lindl. Terrestrial, on forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1810 m., 59494; terrestrial on top of boulder in Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59764; terrestrial, on large boulder on south- facing forested slopes overlying sand- stone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59809. The species also occurs in Guadeloupe, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf. Epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, on steep, densely forested, south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 nu, 59546. This variety, described from Peruvian collections, has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Trigonidium tenue Lodd. Epiphyte on tree, lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60545. Previously unrecorded from Venezuela. The species is found also in British Guiana, Surinam, northern Brazil, and Peru. 860 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Brassia Wageneri Rchb. f. Terrestrial on boulders in open situations, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rfo Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60509. The species also occurs in Colombia and British Guiana. Oncidium nigratum Lindl. & Paxt. Terrestrial on forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 ro., 59488. Previously recorded in Venezuela from Rorairaa. Also known from British Guiana. Dichaea muricata (Sw.) Lindl. Pendent epiphyte at base of tree trunk, on lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60692. Although no flowers were seen, the present collection probably pertains to this species. A widespread and variable species, ranging from Mexico to Panama, the West Indies, British Guiana, French Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil. Dichaea pendula (Aubl.) Cogn. On steep, densely forested, south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59555. The species also occurs in Costa Rica, French Guiana, and Brazil. Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Rolfe. Epiphyte on tree along Rio Karuai, in dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60622. A widespread species extending from Mexico, through Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, and Peru. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Habenaria parviflora Lindl. SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62701. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 861 Vanilla inodora Schiede. ANZ GATE GUI: rather dry forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bor- dering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1100 m., 61110. Vernacular name: "vainilla." The crude sap of the plant is reputed to be used locally in the treatment of liver ailments. As the specimen has only immature fruits and no flowers, the determination is only tentative. The species has not been reported previously from Venezuela, but occurs in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam, and perhaps Brazil. Elleanthus furfuraceous (Lindl.) Rchb. f. MONAGAS: on boulder, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62078. SUCRE: on big boulders just west of Boqueron, Cerro Turumiquire, between eastern and western peaks, on summit following sandstone-covered knife-edge, alt. 2300-2500 m., 62664. Both of these collections differ from the type in having many flowers in the raceme. The species occurs also in Colombia, Peru, and perhaps Ecuador. Elleanthus linifolius Presl. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Platymiscium along Rib Leon, north- east of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m. , 61427; epiphyte on Toulicia megalo- carpa, headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61719. MONAGAS: epiphyte on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62156. • The species occurs in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. Gomphicis viscosa (Reichb. f.) Schltr. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on trunk of dead tree 25 feet above ground, in cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose', between Bergantin and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61543. MONAGAS: terrestrial around summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62112. SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62517. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. 862 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. ANZOATEGUI: on exposed shaly spots on crest, steep south- facing slopes above tree zone, Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Man ami ales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61601. Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa. Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. MONAGAS: terrestrial on top of ridge, Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62227. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. The species also occurs in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. Ponthieva racemosa (Walt.) Mohr. ANZOATEGUI: on boulder along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61320. MONAGAS: on meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61808. Possibly 62567 from Cerro Turumiquire, state of Sucre, belongs here. This species also occurs in the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, and Ecuador. Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich. MONAGAS: on boulder at edge of cafetal, below limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61873; terrestrial on rock, steep north-facing forested limestone slopes of Cerro Guacharo, above limestone bluffs above La Laguna, between Gua'charo Cave and San Agustfn, alt. 1100-1300 m., 62020. The species also occurs in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America to Brazil and Argentina. Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. MONAGAS: terrestrial in exposed savanna, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62266. The species occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America to Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Erythrodes procera (Schltr.) Ames. Physurus procerus Schltr. ANZOATEGUI: terrestrial along Rio Zumbador and tributary, BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 863 near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61309. This species occurs also in Colombia and Dominican Republic. Stelis Endresii Reichb. f. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Calliandra polyphylla, in woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rib Neverf, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 67043. This species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene- zolana and is here recorded for the first time. The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil, and Peru. Stelis Maderoi Schltr. ex char. SUCRE: epiphyte on tree trunk, Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62657. This species, originally described from Colombia, has not pre- viously been reported outside of that country. Stelis tristyla Lindl. MONAGAS: Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62323. Previously recorded only from Mount Roraima and vicinity. Lepanthes sp. aff. L. rotundifolia L. O. Wms. MONAGAS : epiphyte on tree, along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, south- west of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61960. Flower agglutinated; medium-sized plant; stems 7- to 8-jointed, nearly smooth; leaf sub- orbicular; inflorescence shorter than the leaf. The species has been described from Panama. Pleurothallis sp. aff. P. calyptrostele Schltr. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61124a. Plant very small, creeping; secondary stems subremote, abbreviated; leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate. Pleurothallis chamensis Lindl. ANZOATEGUI: on exposed boulders, among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61650. MONAGAS: epiphyte on living tree trunk, in dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering 864 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m.. 61887; on rocks, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62729. The species also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Pleurothallis coriacardia Rchb. f. MONAGAS: on bark of living tree, near summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Gua'charo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62335. The present collection is probably to be referred to the above species, which in Venezuela has been known only from the Andes of Merida. Pleurothallis Ghiesbreghtiana A. Rich. & Gal. MONAGAS : on rock, vicinity of San Agustin, near house of Roberto Mezzano, in valley northwest of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61866; on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62143. The determina- tion of the latter collection is somewhat in doubt, as the flowers are past their maturity. The species was formerly known as P, incompta Rchb. f. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and Colombia. Pleurothallis leptopetala Cogn. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree in dense forest along Rio Can- grejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61176. MONAGAS: epiphyte on tree, open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61932. This species occurs in Surinam and Trinidad. The present col- lections are the only ones thus far recorded from Venezuela. The species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana. Pleurothallis plumosa Lindl. vel aff. MONAGAS: on Erythrina, in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62152. On account of the fragmentary condition of the flowers, the deter- mination of this collection is not certain. The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Trinidad, and Bolivia. Pleurothallis ruscifolia (Jacq.) R. Br. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61312. The species occurs also in Costa Rica, Panama, the West Indies, and all of northern South America. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 865 Pleurothallis semperflorens Lindl. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Chimarrhis cymosa, forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61141. The species occurs also in British Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana. Pleurothallis sp. aff. P. velaticaulis Rchb. f. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on tree trunk, along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, .northeast of Berg an tin, and Costa Rica. It has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames. MERIDA: terrestrial, in bamboo woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55780. Local name: "picto.'J This species has not been reported previously from the Venezuelan Andes. It occurs in Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Indies, and Peru. Vanilla planifolia Andrews. BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57723. This col- lection is sterile, so the determination is only tentative. The species is known from Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Surinam, Brazil, and the Pacific Islands (where cultivated). Elleanthus aurantiacus (Lindl.) Reichb. f. MERIDA: terrestrial in Paramo de Los Colorados, between El Molino and San Isidro Alto, alt. 2745-2955 m., 56544. Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. The spe- cies ranges in Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Elleanthus sp. aff. E. Myrosmatis Reichb. f. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57316. The flowers are poor for certain determination. The species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Sertifera colombiana Schltr. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57332. As no flowers are present, the specific determination is uncertain. The genus is new to Venezuela. The species occurs in Colombia. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 873 Gomphicis montana L. O. Wms. ME RID A: terrestrial in small quebrada, between La Cumbre, San Jose', and Mucutuy, alt. 182O2590 m., 56245. The plant vegetatively is very large and at lower altitude than usual. The species has been known previously only from the type locality of the Paramo de Tama in the state of Tachira. Gomphicis valida Reichb. f. TACHIRA: terrestrial on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045'3475 m., 57385. The present collection probably is to be referred to this species. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It occurs also in Bolivia. Altensteinia paleacea (H.B.K.) Kunth. MEREDA: below shaded bluff, Laguna Mucubajf, above Los Apar- taderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57496. The genus and species are new to Venezuela. The species occurs otherwise only in Peru. \ Altensteinia paludosa Rchb. f. ME RID A: on other side of paramo between El Aguila and Aparta- deros, along headwaters of Rio Chama, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55667. The species has been previously found only in Peru and Bolivia. Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. ME RID A: terrestrial in woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55815. This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of Venezuela. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. Pterichis galeata Lindl. TACHIRA: terrestrial in swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Pa'ramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, 'alt. 2500 m., 57214. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. It occurs also in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Spiranthes guyanensis (Lindl.) Cogn. MERIDA: grassy slopes near stream above El Bado, between Mucuchachi and Canagua', alt. 1065-1820 m., 56330. 874 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 This species was not recorded in the Catalog© de la Flora Vene- zolana. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, British Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana. Spiranthes nitida (Veil.) Cogn. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55535. The determination of this collection is somewhat uncertain. The species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Spiranthes speciosa (Jacq.) A. Rich. Stenorrhynchus speciosus Rich. MERIDA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 m., 57069. The species has not been reported previously from the Venezuelan Andes. It occurs also in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Colombia, and Peru. Erythrodes elata L. O. Wms. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich mpist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57307. The species has been recorded only from die type locality in the state of Merida in Venezuela. Erythrodes procera (Schltr.) Ames. MERIDA: terrestrial in rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56100. The flowers are smaller in this collection than typical. This is the first record of the species from the Venezuelan Andes. It also occurs in Colombia and Dominican Republic. Stelis cymbiformis Lindl. MIRANDA: epiphyte in cloud forest at upper limit of tree growth, ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2400 m., 629766. This species has previously been recorded only from the type locality of Colonia de Tovar in the state of Aragua. Stelis guianensis Rolfe. LARA: epiphyte on mossy boulder in dry stream bed, 'between Buenos Aires and Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55519. MERIDA: terrestrial on dry rocky granite- gneiss slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55720. Previously known only from the region of the type collection of Mount Roraima. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 875 Stelis melanoxantha Rchb. f., ex char. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama', 4-10 kms.. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57313. This is a rare species, previously known in Venezuela only from the Andes of Me'rida. It also occurs in Colombia. Stelis Millei Schltr. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk in rich woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Pa'ramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m. , 57266. There is some uncertainty about the determination of this collec- tion, as the flowers are somewhat smaller than typical. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It occurs also in Ecuador. Stelis tenuilabris Lindl. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57296. This species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Andes. It is known only from Venezuela. Stelis triseta Lindl., ex char. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, swamp woods between Para- mito and Quebrada de Palmar, at base of Paramo de Tama, 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57243. The stems occur in a large, loose, tangled mass. This species has not been previously recorded from Venezuela. It occurs also in Peru and Bolivia. The leaves in the present collec- tion are more elliptic than typical. Stelis vittata Lindl., ex char. ME RID A: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich moist woods, Los Quebradi- tos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55993. This species is new to Venezuela. It is known otherwise only from Ecuador. Masdevallia ensata Rchb. f. TACHIRA: at base of tree trunk near ground, rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m. , 57311. The determination is not certain, as the flowering mate- rial is rather scanty. The plant is rather large, cespitose; stems short; leaves long-petioled with elliptic or elliptic-oblong lamina; scape surpassing the leaf, 1-flowered; flower large, with long sepal- ing tails. The cup formed by connate sepals is dull pale green 876 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 without spotted dull lavender, within pale yellow-green deeply spotted with purple; petals pale greenish with fine purple spots or dashes; lip yellowish dotted with brick-lavender and with a brown- red tip; column pale greenish margined with lavender below. The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the type collection in die Andes of Merida. It is also known from Colombia. Lepanthes sp. aff. aquila Borussiae Rchb. f. MERIDA: epiphyte on tree trunk, in rich forest between Mesa del Trapiche and El Molino, alt. 2530-2590 m., 56497. As the flowers are agglutinated, the determination is uncertain. The plant is small, cespitose; stems 4- to 6-jointed, hispid; leaf erect, ovate-lanceolate; sepals large, pale buff-yellowish; lip and column orange-red. Pleurothallis aurea Lindl. TACHIRA: terrestrial on mossy limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57396. This species is known only from Venezuela, where it was previous- ly collected in the Cordillera de la Costa near Caracas. Pleurothallis coriacardia Rchb. f. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57265. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Andes of Merida. The species also occurs in Ecuador. Pleurothallis incurva Lindl. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57289. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It is known otherwise only from Ecuador. Pleurothallis intricata Lindl. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57293, 57356. These collections have leaves narrower than typical. The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Andes of Merida. It also occurs in Colombia. Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl. MERIDA: epiphyte on tree of Ladenbergia undata on forested slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2745 m., 56038. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 877 The species has not been previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. It occurs also in Peru. Pleurothallis pedunculata (Kl.) Rchb.f. T/CHIRA: terrestrial, rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57285. As the flowers are agglutinated, the determination is not positive. The species has been recorded in Venezuela only from the Cor- dillera de la Costa. It occurs also in Colombia and Peru. Pleurothallis propinqua Ames. MERIDA: epiphyte in rich damp forest along northwest- and west- facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rib Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56366. This species is new to Venezuela. It is also known in Costa Rica and Colombia. Pleurothallis roraimensis Rolfe. TAcHIRA: on mossy boulder, limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57394. This species has been previously known only from the region of Roraima, Ptari-tepui' (as noted in this report previously), and Duida, all in the Venezuelan Guayana. The present collection is the first recorded from the area of the Andes. Pleurothallis semiscabra Lindl. LARA: on tree near top of ridge, moist cloud forest on south- and southwest- facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2375-2530 m., 55249. TRUJILLO: terrestrial on shoulder of ridge, La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below paramo and ridge top, by Lara-Trujillo boundary line, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55338. The local name for the latter collections was "pajarito. " This species has been recorded only from Venezuela, where it was known previously from the Andes of Merida. Pleurothallis Smithiana Lindl. MERIDA: epiphyte, between La Cumbre, San Jose', and Mucutuy, alt. 1820-2590 m., 56254. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It occurs also in Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay. Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl. MERIDA: epiphyte on tree in draw on quebrada, between Mucu- chachi and Canagua', alt. 1065-1820 m., 56329. 878 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of Venezuela. It is known elsewhere in Colombia, British Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Pleurothallis zephyrina Rchb.f. epiphyte, rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2475 m., 56025. The species is known from Colombia. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana it is recorded with doubt from the Andes of Merida. Epidendrum cardioglossum Rchb. f. LARA: terrestrial on rocky ridge near top of south- and southwest- facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt, 2375-2530 m., 55257. This species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Andes. It is known only from Venezuela. Epidendrum cornutum Lindl. TACHIRA: epiphyte on mossy tree trunk, wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama, between Betania and Tama, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57184. This species, not previously reported from the Andean section of Venezuela, also occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Epidendrum difforme Jacq. MERIDA: epiphyte on Psidium, rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56119; epiphyte in crotches of columnar cactus, dry slopes of canyon bordering Rio Chama, above Los Gonzalez, alt. 1220-1820 m., 56230. The former collection is a vegetatively large form. The species has not been recorded from the Andean section of Venezuela, although it is of common occurrence in the Cordillera de la Costa. It is a widespread and variable species, occurring in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and all of northern South America. Epidendrum frigidum Linden ex Lindl. var. stenophyton (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. TXCHIRA: terrestrial on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57386. This variety has been found in Ecuador, Peru, and probably occurs in Colombia. It has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 879 Epidendrum frntex Rchb.f. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods, at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57329. This species has not been recorded previously in Venezuela. It occurs also in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Epidendrum gram ma tog loss um Rchb.f. TACHIRA: on large boulders, between Tabor and Villapaez, along Rio Tachira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-2130 m., 57153. This species occurs also in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its previous Venezuelan Andean collection was recorded from the type locality in the state of Trujillo. Epidendrnm repens Cogn. M^RIDA: pendent epiphyte, hanging in strands from trunk of Ladenbergia undata, between La Trampa and Casadero, along tribu- tary of Quebrada del Salado (between Lagunillas and La Azulita), alt. 2225-2590 m., 561 75. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57267. This species occurs in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. In Venezuela it has not been reported previously from the Andean section of the country. Epidendrum rigidiflorum Schltr. TACHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Pa'ramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57315. The dis- tribution of this species was noted above under the section of Cerro Turumi quire. Epidendrum torquatum Lindl. TACHIRA: terrestrial on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57405. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It also occurs in Colombia and Ecuador. Bletia purpnrea (Lam.) DC. MEREDA: terrestrial, between San Isidro Alto and Santa Cruz de Mora, alt. 760-1800 m., 56566. The species occurs also in Florida, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and Colombia. It has not been recorded previously from the Andean section of Venezuela. 880 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Cyrtop odium Engelii Karst. MIiRIDA: terrestrial on dry grassy slopes between Beguilla and Mucuchachi, alt. 1065-2430 m., 56298. Apparently limited to Venezuela, this species has not been recorded previously from the Andean section of Venezuela. Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl. Mli RID A: terrestrial on steep, rich, northwest- and northeast- facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56599. The species occurs also in Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America. It has not been recorded previously from the Andean section of Venezuela. Maxillaria alticola C. Schweinf. Ornithidium serrulatum Lindl., not Maxillaria serrulata Ames & Correll. TXCHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57348. The species occurs also in Ecuador and Peru. Maxillaria graminifolia (HBK.) Rchb.f. MERIDA: epiphyte on tree trunk, rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56650. There is some uncertainty about the determina- tion of the above collection, as it does not contain good flowers. The species occurs also in Peru, but has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Maxillaria Jenischiana (Rchb.f.) C. Schweinf. Ornithidium Jenischianum Rchb.f. MERIDA: epiphyte on tree in rich forest between Mesa del Trapiche and El Molino, alt. 2530-2590 m., 56498. Apparently limited to Venezuela, where previously known from the state of Trujillo. Maxillaria valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Nash. MERIDA: pendent from bluffs, along Rio Canagua, between El Bado and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56331. For distribution notes, see section under Cerro Turumiquire. Odontoglossum Andersonianum Rchb.f. LARA: epiphyte, pendent from boulder along bed of stream, be- tween Buenos Aires and Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55572. This species has previously been known only from Colombia. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 881 Odontoglossum anreopurpuremn Rchb.f. T/CHIRA: terrestrial in rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57330. This species occurs also in Colombia and Peru. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana it is recorded doubtfully from the state of Tachira. Oncidium superb tens Rchb.f. TACHIRA: epiphyte on tree, wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama, between Betania and Tama, by Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57181. Local name: "flor de mayo." The species also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. It has been recorded previously in Venezuela only from a collection in the state of Merida. PIPERACEAE54 DUIDA SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Peperomia alata R. & P. Lower slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 700 m., 57963. Rather generally distributed throughout northwestern South America. Piper avellanum (Miq.)C. DC. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 700 m. , 57968. Not previously recorded from Venezuela, this species is distributed through the Guianas. RORAIMA Peperomia acuminata R. & P. Near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040-2130 m., 58701. Not previously recorded from Venezuela, this species is widely distributed through- out northern South America. Peperomia galioides Kunth. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m.» 58732. In Venezuela this species has been collected previously in the Coastal Range near Caracas and Colonia Tovar. It is distributed throughout the range of the genus in South America. 54 Piperaceae by T. G. Yuncker 882 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Peperomia reflexa (L.f.) A. Dietr. var. americana (Mlq.) Dahlst. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58736. The variety is newly reported for Venezuela. The species has been collected, along with other varieties, in the Coastal Range of Venezuela. It and die varieties are distributed throughout die range of die genus in the Americas. Peperomia trinervula C. DC. Ascent of ledge along soudiwest-facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58771. The species has been known previously only from Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua, Venezuela, where the type was originally collected. It also occurs in Colombia. Piper aduncum L. Southwest- facing slopes between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua paru and Glycon swamp, alt. 1220-1980 m., 59026. A common species distributed nearly throughout die range of the genus in the Americas. PTARI-TEPUf Peperomia alata R. & P. Between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60691. Rather widely distributed throughout nordiwestern South America. Peperomia duidana Trel. Slopes just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59807. The type of this species was collected on Mount Duida. Peperomia omnicola C. DC. Between "Cave Rock" and base of high bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59592. Not previously recorded from Venezuela, this species also occurs in Colombia and Ecuador. Piper demeraranum (Miq.) C. DC. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt, 1220 m., 60801. This species occurs also in the Guianas. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Peperomia acuminata R. & P. ANZOATEGUI: summit of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rib Manantiales, east of Bergantih, BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 883 alt. 2350 m., 61677. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62118. This species is widely distributed through northern South America. Peperomia adscendens C. DC. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, above La Trinidad in cloud forest southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62530. The type was collected at Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua. This is the easternmost station yet collected for the species, which also occurs in Colombia. Peperomia alata R. & P. ANZO/TEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61294. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61952. This species is widely distributed through- out northern South America, but has not been recorded previously in the Oriente of Venezuela. Peperomia decurrens C. DC. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m. , 62465. This species has been collected previously in the vicinity of Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua, where the type originated. Peperomia galioides Kunth. ANZoATEGUI: on ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manan dales east of Bergantm, alt. 2000-2300 m., 67652. SUCRE: Cerro Turumi- quire, above La Trinidad in cloud forest, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62550. This species occurs throughout the range of the genus in South America. It has not been collected previously in the Oriente of Venezuela. Peperomia macrostachya (Vahl) A. Dietr. ANZOATEGUI: vicinity of junction of Rio Leo'n with Rio Zumba- dor, northwest of Bergantm near state of Sucre border, alt. 400-500 m., 61186, 61216; in woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary of Rio Neven, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 500 m., 61025. Found throughout northern South America. Peperomia maculosa (L.) Hook. ANZOATEGUI: along Rib Zumbador and tributary near the base of Piedra blanca, northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1000 m., 61318. MONAGAS: Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61878. Distributed in the West Indies and northern South America, this species has not been collected previously in Venezuela. 884 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr. ANZOXTEGUI: in woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary of Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61047. This is a common species distributed nearly throughout the range of the genus in the Americas. Peperomia trinervula C. DC SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62682. Distributed in Venezuela and Colombia. Piper arboreum Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: slopes of Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61118. Not previ- ously reported from Venezuela, this species is distributed in the West Indies and northern South America. Piper glabrescens (Miq.) C. DC. ANZO/TEGUI: along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61031. Not previously reported from Venezuela, this species is distributed in the West Indies and northeastern South America. Piper tuberculatum Jacq. var. minus C. DC. SUCRE: valley of Cocollar, alt. 810 m., 62433. Widely distributed with the species throughout tropical America. ANDES Peperomia angustata Kunth. MERIDA: forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt, 2285-2745 m., 56619. This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of Venezuela. Peperomis choroniana C. DC. MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56110. This species has not been re- corded previously from the Andes of Venezuela. Peperomia hispidula (Sw.) A. Dietr. M^RIDA: Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama, opposite Me'rida, alt. 2195-2375 m., 56680. A species in Venezuela previously known from the Cordillera de la Costa. Peperomia Kunthiana C. DC. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55474. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 885 Peperomia peltoidea Kunth. MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56117. A species in Venezuela previously known from die Cordillera de la Costa. Peperomia pyrifolia Kunth. LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los rAposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55246. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57294. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Peperomia trinervula C. DC. TACHIRA: wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama, between Betania and Tama, by Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57182. This species has been known in Venezuela previously from the Cordillera de la Costa. Piper grande Vahl. MERIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Mo lino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m«, 55795. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Piper tristemon C. DC. MERIDA: rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera. alt. 2430-2745 m., 56021. This species has been known in Venezuela previously from the Cordillera de la Costa. LACISTEMACEAE PTARI-TEPUI Lacistema aggregatnm (Berg.) Rusby. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m. , 60573; dense forest at base of cerro along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60632. Locally known as ' 'atapi-yek. " CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Lacistema aggregatum (Berg.) Rusby. ANZO/TEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rib Leon, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 600-800 m., 61258; along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neven', between Rio Leon and "Carmelita, " northeast of Bergant/n, alt. 800-1200 m., 61383. Not previously recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela. 886 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES Lacistema aggregatum (Berg.) Rusby. MliRIDA: ^rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 54^-915 m., 56726. Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. MYRICACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Myrica pubescens Willd. SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Never/ along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62730. Not previously recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela. ANDES Myrica parvifolia Benth. var. longipedunculata Chev. TACHIRA: Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 2745-3045 m., 57092. This Andean species and variety have not previously been reported for Venezuela. Myrica pubescens Willd. LARA: shrubby low forest bordering wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55269. The fruit is used to make candles. Myrica caracasana HBK. and M. arguta HBK. are here considered synonymous with M. pubescens. The characters by which the first two species are kept apart (M. caracasana with leaves glabrous except for puberulous nerves and M. arguta with leaves pubescent beneath) do not justify their being considered distinct from M. pubescens. The last species, described from Colombia in 1806, is the earliest name. Myrica pubescens varies in glabrity of the lower leaf surface and in dentation, some plants having sharply serrate or denticulate leaves, others nearly entire. However, in all variations, including M. caracasana and M. arguta the main lateral nerves on the lower surface are clearly evident and conspicuous, whereas in M. parvifolia and M. Funckii they are obscure or nearly obsolete. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 887 JUGLANDACEAE ANDES Juglans columbiensis Dode. TXCHIRA: between Las Delicias and Paraguita, bordering Ri'o Ta'chira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1575-1980 m., 57138. Locally known as "nogal," the usual Spanish name for walnut, this species has previously been known in Venezuela from the Cordillera de la Costa. BETULACEAE ANDES Alnus jorullensis HBK. var. ferruginea (HBK.) Kuntze. In addition to the known stations in the state of Merida, the follow- ing collection from the state of Ta'chira may be cited: TXcHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama', 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57300. Neither A. ferruginea HBK. nor A. Mir be Hi Spach can be kept separate from A. jorullensis. They appear to be variations of one species complex, the wide-ranging A. jorullensis. When treated as a variety, A. Mirbeliiis correctly given as A. jorullen- sis var. Mirbelii (Spach) Winkl. ULMACEAE ANDES Phyllostylon rhamnoides (Poiss.) Taub. LARA: desert between Carora and Barquisimeto, alt. 500 m., 56828. This species, of which P. brasiliensis Cap. is a synonym, has been known previously in Venezuela from the state of Zulia. MORACEAE55 PTARI-TEPllf Cecropia sciadophylla Mart. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', tributary of Ri'o Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60540. Known "Moraceae by Jose Cuatrecasas 888 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 to the local Indians as "sarasara-yek," this species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Coussapoa glaberrima Planch. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60432. A reddish resin covers the fruit and stems of this plant. Known to the local Indians as "wa-rem-bei-yek," this species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Pourouma aspera Trecul. vel aff. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60401. The fruit is considered edible by the inhabitants of the region, who give it the Indian name of "cayi-wari-cay-yek. " Pourouma guyanensis Aubl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60407. Like the species cited above, the fruit is considered edible. It is known to the inhabitants by the Indian name of "amia- yek. " The species has not been recorded from this section previously. Pourouma subplicata Standl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m. , 60399, 60414. Like Pourouma aspera (no. 60401)t this species is known to the Indian inhabitants as "cayi-wari-cay-yek." The fruit is considered edible as in the other species listed. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Chlorophora brasiliensis (Mart.) St. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m. , 61949. This high-climbing liana with elongated spines on the stems has not previously been collected in Venezuela. It is known from Brazil and Peru, Olmediophaena coriacea Karsten. MONAGAS : deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 nu, 61775. This species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. Poulsenia armata (Miq.) Standl. ANZoATEGUI: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61158. Known locally BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 889 as "guaritota, " this genus and species have not been found previ- ously in Venezuela. The soft wood is considered useless by the inhabitants. ANDES Cecropia sciadophylla Mart. MliRIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56101. Morus insignis Bur. ME*RIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56473. Known locally as "huaguito," this species has not been found previously in Venezuela. It is a species of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Pseudolmedia lanceolata Karsten. MEfRIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56097. This species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. Dr. Cuatrecasas considers the above collection to represent a form of the species. URTICACEAE56 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Boehmeria caudata Sw. ANZOA'XEGUI: along Rio Zumbador, near Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 800-1000 m., 67292 (n.v. "pelucita"); steep forested slopes about headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose', be- tween Berganti'n and Cerro Peonia, alt. 1500-1700 m., 61556. Widely distributed in tropical America. Boehmeria ramiflora Jacq. ANZO/TEGUI: Quebrada Negra, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. »500 m., 61150 (n.v. "quesito bianco"). Northern South America and the West Indies. Myriocarpa stipitata Benth. ANZOXTEGUI: confluence of Rio Leo'n with Rib Zumbador, north- east of Berganti'n, alt. 400-500 m., 61201 (n.v. "guaritoto bianco"). MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61851. Northern South America to Peru. 56Urticaceae by E. P. Killip 890 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Phenax hirtus (Sw.) Wedd. MONAGAS: valley of San Agustfn, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1000- 1100 m., 61796. Common throughout tropical America. Pilea rhombea (L.f.) Liebm. ANZO/TEGUI: on boulders along Rib Zumbador, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of BergantTn, alt. 800-1000 m., 61308. Common in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, extending in the Venezuela mountains to the Federal District; not hitherto known from so far east in Venezuela. Pilea Tatei Killip. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and Qtiebrada £1 Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62449. Known only from the Cerro Turumiquire, where die type was collected by G. H. H. Tate in 1925. L'rera baccifera (L.) Gaud. ANZoATEGUI: along Rio Leon, northeast of BergantTn, alt, 500 m., 61028 (n.v. "guaritoto"); headwaters of Rio Maravilla, east of Ber- ganti'n, alt. 900-1400 m., 61 733. Widely distributed in tropical America. Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb. ANZOATEGUI: Quebrada Negra, northeast of Berganun, alt. 500 m., 61151 (n.v. "guaritoto hembra"); between Cerro San Jose and Cerro Peom'a, alt. 1500-1600 m., 61571. Widely distributed in tropical America. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Boehmeria fallax Wedd. M^RIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55817. Not recorded previously from Venezuela. Pilea alsinifolia Wedd. MERIDA: between Los Coral es and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55762. Not recorded previously from Venezuela. Pilea earn ul osa Wedd, ME*RIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55767. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Pilea Lindeniana Wedd. TACHIRA: Between Las Delicias and Paraguita, bordering Rib Tachira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-1980 m., 57140. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 891 Pilea losensis Killip. MliRIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56365. Previously known in Venezuela from the Cordillera de la Costa. Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb. MliRIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56075. Not previously recorded in Venezuela from the Andean section of the country. PROTEACEAE PTARUTEPllf Panopsis sessilifolia (Rich.) Sandw. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m. , 60336. This species has previously been known in Venezuela only from the Roraima region. Roupala Schomburgkii Kl. Along rocky border of RioPacairao in vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60502. This species was originally collected "in montibus Roraima" by Richard Schomburgk (no. 1045). His collection was described as having "folia omnia simplicia." However, on the second sheet of my collection simple leaves are found mixed with two other ones bearing compound leaves, die leaflets 5 in number with two pairs of lateral leaflets. The tree is locally known as "cai-ca- yek." It is much prized for its hard, durable wood and used for handles of axes and machetes. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Panopsis suaveolens Kl. ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rib Never/, between Rib Leon and "Carmelita, " northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 67363. A species rarely encountered in this area, it has not previously been found as far east in Venezuela. It is known locally as "taque." 892 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Roupala grossedentata Pittier. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and Quebrada El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62472, 62473. Originally described from "selvas del Avila, " the present collections represent a considerable extension eastward in the known range of die species. The cited numbers show great extremes between pinnate leaves with coarsely dentate leaflets on saplings, represented by no. 62473, to practically entire simple leaves of a different shape on the tall adult trees, as represented by no. 62472. Pittier based his description of R. grossedentata on Delgado's collection from a tree "15-20 m." tall, the leaves being described as "supra medium grosse dentatis." It is interesting to note that while most of the leaves on my no. 62472 are entire, a few show several, broad, coarse, obtuse dentations. Even on the specimen of the sapling, no. 62473, although most of the leaves are pinnate, a few on the same branch are simple and less coarsely dentate than some of the others. Thus, this species exhibits gradations between a pinnate leaf with coarse dentations to dentate or entire simple leaves. The wood of this species possesses a foul or fetid odor; thus the name "mapurito" given to this species by local inhabitants. Roupala mollis Pittier. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna- like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62658; Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62706. The latter collection is known locally as "chaparro. " Neither this species, originally described from the Andes of Merida, nor R. subintegerrima (Meissn.) Pittier, with which it is here considered synonymous, have been recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela previously. Prttier places R. subintegerrima under that part of his key to the species of Roupala (Catal. Ven. pp. 264-265) with "hojas todas planas y ente- rizas," but a photograph of die type (Funck & Schlim 1629 [Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. sheet 6445 74 J shows dentate margins as well as entire margins [Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. sheet 933869J). The name R. mollis Pittier, published in 1923, has priority over the other of R. subinte- gerrima (Mei.ssn.) Pittier, based on R. cordi folia subintegerrima Meissn. Roupala montana Aubl. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rib de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacao and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62426. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 893 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Panopsis suaveolens Kl. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285- 3290 m., 55436. This species has not previously been recorded from the Andes of Venezuela, although it is common in the Cordillera de la Costa. Roupala Jahnii Pittier. MliRIDA: dry slopes between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 2833 m., 55742. This species has been known previously only from the type collection by Jahn from the adjacent state of Trujillo. Roupala mollis Pittier. MIiRIDA: trail between La Trampa and Lagunillas, alt. 1188-2430 m., 56206. This species was originally described from the Andes of Me'rida, and has subsequently been collected (see above) from the Oriente region of Venezuela. The present collection (56206) from the state of Merida has less pubescence on the lower leaf'surface than is found in the type of R. mollis, but the two collections appear otherwise to be exactly alike. Roupala pseudo-cordata Pittier. DISTRITO FEDERAL: near top of ridge between Los Venados and Guayabo Mocho, west- and southwest-facing slopes of Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1675-2075 m., 55052. MIRANDA: on ridge, ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2400 m., 62983. The name R. pseudo-cordata was published by Pittier in Contr, Fl. Ven. p. 22. 1923, and is the first published specific name. An exami- nation of Emilia Pittier 122 (type in U.S. Nat. Herb.), the type of R. pseudo-cordata, shows it to be conspecific with R. ferruginea HBK. var. minor Meissner, in DC. Prodr. 14: 426. 1856. The entire subcor- date leaves, which are densely rufous or ferruginous-tomentose on the lower surface, are quite characteristic of this taxon, which differs from R. mollis Pittier in the entire leaves and shorter racemes. In the Catalogo Fl. Ven. this species has been confused probably with R. Schomburgkii, as the latter is cited (p. 265) from the Pico de Naiguata, where R. pseudo-cordata has been collected (Steyermark 62983) near its type locality as well as that of R. ferruginea var. minor. LORANTHACEAE RORAIMA Struthanthus dichotrianthus Eichl. Parasitic vine on shrub in Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduar'a- paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065- 1220 m., 59175. 894 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 PTARI-TEPUf Dendrophthora elliptica (Gardn.) Kr. & Urb. On forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59499; scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59636. Dendrophthora rubicunda Ule. Parasite on small tree, on densely forested steep south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59560. Originally described from the Roraima region, this is the first record of the species outside of that locality. Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl) Eichl. Parasite on small tree of Tovomita atropurpurea Steyermark, on southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1585-1600 m., 60005; lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui', alt. 1675-1980 m., 60865. Known locally as "atapik-yek," this species has not been recorded previ- ously from the Gran Sabana of Venezuela. Phoradendron quadrangulare (HBK) Kr. & Urb. Parasite on shrub in dry rocky thickets, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to R/o Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59398; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60283. Not previously recorded from the Gran Sabana of Venezuela. Phoradendron racemosum (Aubl.) Kr. & Urb. Parasite on tree along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kava- nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60473. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Eubrachion ambiguum (H. & A.) Engl. ANZ GATE GUI: parasite on shrub among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peon/a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61656. This is the second collection recorded from Venezuela, the other being Tate 1105, col- lected on Auyan-tepui. It was recorded in Gleason and Killip's "Flora of Mount Auyan-tepu/" as E. bras Hie nse Eichler. However, there appear to be no real differences existing between the two species. The present collection apparently belongs to the typical form (var. genuinum Kr. & Urb.) of E. ambiguum rather than with var. jamaicense Kr. & Urb. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 895 Phoradendron caracasanum Urban. SUCRE: parasite on Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. on rocky, lime- stone, steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rib Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62421. This species was originally described from the Distrito Federal (between Maiquetia and Caracas) where it was collected by Gollmer on February 2, 1855. This is the second collection made of this species. It is known locally as "guate pajarito." Phoradendron emarginatum Eichler. SUCRE: parasite on shrub along quebrada and hot springs at La Toma, Municipio San Juan, Distrito Sucre, southeast of Cumana, between San Juan and Cumana, alt. 40 m., 62850. This is the first record of the species for Venezuela. It is known from Colombia, Brazil, and Bolivia. Phoradendron paradoxum Urban. SUCRE: on suffruticose bush on summit, Cerro Tuwimiquire, be- tween headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2400 m., 62648. This species was originally described from Colonia Tovar, where it was collected by Karsten (5). The present second known collection is a considerable extension eastward, Phoradendron piperoides (HBK.) Trel. ANZoXTEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61011; by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61196. Not previously re- corded from the eastern part of the Cordillera de la Costa. Phoradendron racemosam (Aubl.) Kr. & Urb. ANZOATEGUI: jparasite on Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. on forested slopes between Rio Leo'n of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61135. Phoradendron tubulosum Urb. SUCRE: parasite on small tree in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Never! along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62735. This species has been known previously in the Cordillera de la Costa near Caracas in the states of Aragua, Miranda, and Distrito Federal. This new collection extends its range eastward into the Oriente. 896 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Aetanthus colombianns A. C. Smith LARA: woods between Las Sabanetas and ridge top of state bound- ary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2835 m., 55314. Known locally as "matapalo," this species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It agrees in most particulars with the species originally described from Colombia, except that the pedicels are somewhat longer, being 5-7 mm. long instead of 3-4 ram. long. The plants are very showy, producing scarlet inflorescences. Oryctanthus spicatus (Jacq.) Eichl. M6R1DA: along headwaters of Rio Canagua at Rio Arriba, south- west of Canagua, alt. 1800-1890 m., 56447. T/CHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57464. Not previously recorded from the western Andes of Venezuela. Struthanthus calophyllus A. C. Smith r ME RID A: parasite on tree in rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56088. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Struthanthus terniflorus (Willd.) Eichl. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Picacho del Galipan and Boca del Tigre, alt. 1960-1980 m., 56928. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. OLACACEAE PTARI-TEPUf Minquartia guianensis Aubl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60411. The genus has not been recorded previously from Vene- zuela. The species is known from the Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, and Costa Rica. The fruit has not been previously described; it is oblong, grass green turning deep purple-black, 17-18 mm. long, and 13-15 ram. wide. It is not edible. The tree is locally known as "erek-kai-yek." CERRO TURUMIOUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Heisteria cyanocarpa Poepp. & Endl. ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rib Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 897 m., 61190. This is apparently the same species as H. nitida Engl., which has been collected in Venezuela only from the lower Orinoco region near El Tigre. Schoepfia obliquifolia Turcz. ANZOA'TEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Berganti'n, alt. 900- 1400 m., 61709. MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61911. These two collections, cited above, the one with fruit, the other with flowers, are provisionally referred to this species. They may represent an undescribed species. The fruit on no. 61911 measures 13 mm. long by 11 mm. wide. It is much broader than in either S. vacciniiflora or S. Schreberi, and may be larger than that known for 5. obliquifolia. It is more rounded at the base than in either 5. vac- ciniiflora or S. Schreberi, both those species having the fruit narrowed or attenuate from the middle downward to the base, and the fruit is much smaller and narrower, not over 6 mm. wide. The corolla in no. 61709, apparently conspecific with no. 61911, is 4 mm. long, 5-lobed, the lobes being broadly ovate and 1.2 mm. long by 1.1 mm. wide (about 1/3 the length of the corolla). The corolla in this collection may be immature and perhaps has not at- tained its maximum size, as the corolla described for S. obliquifolia attains 7 mm. long. Schoepfia lucida Pulle of Surinam has a corolla 4 mm. long, but is only 4-lobed. In our collection of no. 61709 the tips of the corolla are cucullate-inflexed. The leaves in our collections average 6-11 cm. long and 3-5.5 cm. wide; they are somewhat nigrescent in the dried state, and usually shining on the upper surface. The stigma is 3-lobed, the style 2 mm. long, the 5 stamens have the filaments adnate to the corolla tube and only the anthers are free; the anthers are subglobose, 0.8 mm. long and 0.8 mm. wide. The ovary is 1-celled with 3 ovules suspended from a central placenta. The calyx is 3-dentate. Although it is probable that this represents an undescribed species, the absence of mature flowers restrains me from describing it as new, since I have not been able to study any mature fruits of authentic S. obliquifolia for comparison. Ximenia americana L. SUCRE: along quebrada and hot springs at La Toma, Municipio San Juan, Distrito Sucre, southeast of Cumana, between San Juan and Cumana, alt. 40 m., 62855. 898 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 BALANOPHORACEAE ANDES Corynaea Purdiei Hook. f. LARA: near top of ridge on drier ground in moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Apo- sentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55247. Locally known as "flor de tierra." This parasite has a general dull rose- orchid color. The genus is new to Venezuela. The genus and species have been known with certainty only from Colombia and doubtfully cited ( p. 431) by MacBride in the Flora of Peru. POLYGONACEAE ANDES Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl. MliRIDA: pendent in mats on rocky slopes along streambed, paramo along upper headwaters of Rib Tormero, below El Aguila and above Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55663. This Andean species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. PHYTOLACCACEAE RORAIMA Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & Bouche. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 59008. Known locally as "auro-sa," the leaves of this species are boiled and eaten as greens. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Ledenbergia seguierioides Klotzsch. SUCRE: forest along northeast-facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trinidad and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 1300-1900 m., 62767. This collection represents a considerable extension eastward of the previously known range in Venezuela for this species. It is known locally as "cura sana;" the wood is used in the construction of bird cages and in the making of arrows. Trichostigma octandrum (L.) Walter. SUCRE: valley of Rib Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 899 Paraatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62777. MONAGAS: deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 m., 67768. ANDES Trichostigma octandrum (L.) Walter. ^ between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Ri'o Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56755. Sesuvium Portulacastrum L. SUCRE: around airport at Cumana, alt. 5 m., 57650. BASELLACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Boussinganltia leptostachys Moq. MONAGAS: vining herb over boulders in front of cave entrance and around cave entrance of Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt. 950 m., 62316. Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa in the Oriente of Venezuela. CARYOPHYLLACEAE ANDES Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. T/CHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57304. In this collection the leaves approach those of A. megalantha (Rohrb.) F. N. Williams var. genuina Williams in being subsessile, broadly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, and generally much broader and of a different shape than those of typical A. lanuginosa. However, the petals are not exserted from the calyx nor attain the length of those of A. megalantha. Cerastium Kunthii Briq. MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubaji', above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625- 3655 m., 57490. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela; it has been known previously to occur in Colombia. 900 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Sagina procumbens L. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55461. MERIDA: along bouldery stream bed west of Timotes, alt. 2315 m., 55682. This genus has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. NYMPHAEACEAE MISCELLANEOUS Nymphaea blanda Mey. var. fenzliana (Lehmann) Caspary. BOLIVAR: in small stream along road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57693. This species and variety have not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Undoubtedly, the collection of Salazar 27 from Laguna deEl Limon, Portuguesa, cited on p. 296 of volume 1 of the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, should be identified with N. blanda rather than N. James oniana. The latter name should be eliminated from the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana; it was described originally from Ecuador, and, so far as known, has been found only in that country and in Porto Rico (see Conard, A monograph of the genus Nymphaea. Cam. Inst. Wash. Publ. 4: 309. 1905). RANUNCULACEAE ANDES Ranunculus limoselloides Turcz. MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubaji, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57473. Another Venezuelan collection, but without locality, is Linden 1446. These are the first records of this Andean species from Venezuela. It also occurs in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Ranunculus nubigenus HBK. ex DC. LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55281. Previously recorded in Vene- zuela from the state of Merida from the Paramo de Aricagua. Addition- al collections from the state of Me'rida are Laguna Mucubaji (Steyer- mark 57483) and alpine lake at El Aguila above Paramo de Mucuchies (Steyermark 57045). A synonym of this species is R. Kunthii Tr. & PL, according to Dr. Alicia Lourteig, the monographer of this genus in South America. Ranunculus praemorsus HBK. ex DC. MERIDA: rocky open subalpine slopes above Chachopo, alt. 3050 m., 56753. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 901 BERBERIDACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Berberis vitellina Hier. MONAGAS: near summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 2180 m., 62100. This species has not been recorded previously as far east in Venezuela as the present collection, the previous records having been found in the Andes and Coast Range east to the vicinity of Caracas. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Berberis discolor Turcz. Although B. Moritzii Hieron. is listed as a separate species in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana (vol. 1, p. 306), there do not appear to be any constant differences separating it from B. discolor. Since B. discolor is the earliest valid name published, it must be used. An examination of an isotype specimen (Funck & Schlim 1124) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. of B. discolor does not show any pubescence on the inflorescence; the bracts are slightly puberulent, but the rest of the inflorescence is glabrous. It seems best, therefore, to place B. Moritzii Hier. with the earlier described B. discolor Turcz. Berberis psilopoda Turcz. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285- 3290 m., 55462. TXCHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57397. Berberis psilopoda is placed in sect. Panic ulatae by C. K. Schneider (Die Gattung Berberis, p. 815), and has a paniculate inflorescence. An examination of the flowers reveals 4-5 ovules to be present in the ovary. Pittier described B. prolifica as characterized by having 4-7 ovules and bracts up to 7 mm. long. He describes the inflorescence as "racemis simplicibus, plus minusve nutantibus." An examination of an isotype of B. prolifica (Gehriger 40) in the herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. shows some of the fruiting inflorescences, in part, especially the lower branches, to be paniculately arranged. Thus, Pittier was incorrect in describing the racemes as simple. Steyermark 55462 has the flowers definitely paniculate and there are four ovules in the ovary of each flower examined. In Steyermark 57397 there are also four ovules present and the inflorescence is mostly simply racemose. In B. psilopoda the bracts may be as long as those of B. prolifica. In all respects there do not appear to be any constant differences sepa- rating these two supposed species. Therefore, it becomes necessary to reduce Pittier's name to synonymy: (B. prolifica Pittier, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 135-136. 1931 = Berberis psilopoda Turcz., in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 27. II: 285. 1854). 902 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Berberis truxillensis Turcz. MIiRIDA: between La Cumbre, San Jose, and Mucutuy, alt. 1820- 2590 m., 56248. This species is described as having two ovules in the ovary and the inflorescence densely puberulent. The present collection has one ovule constantly present in each ovary and, except for the minutely puberulent bracts, the inflorescence is glabrous. Except for these differences, it agrees with B. truxillensis in every other respect. MENISPERMACEAE57 RORAIMA Anomospennum Schomburgkii Miers. Along wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue- raeru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59220. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela. It has been known hitherto from British Guiana, Dutch and French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Cissampelos ovalifolia P. DC. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ra., 59155. The species has been previously collected in Venezuela from Guayabito in the state of Aragua fPittier 12138J. PTARUTEPUI Abuta obovata Diels. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60395. This is the first record of the species from Venezuela, where it is known locally by the Indians as "capuy-yen-cu-me-peu. " It has hitherto been known only from British Guiana and Amazonian Brazil. Anomospermum Schomburgkii Miers. Dense forest at base of Cerro along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60623; lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60565. Cissampelos fasciculate Benth. Along Rio Karuai at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60765. This species has been previously recorded from the 57Menispermaceae by Harold N. Moldenke BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 903 Rio Casiquiare of the Upper Orinoco. It is also known from Colombia, British Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil. Locally known by the Indians as "macumi," the leaves of this species are said to be a favorite food plant of iguanas. MAGNOLIACEAE RORAIMA Drimys brasiliensis var. roraimensis A. C. Smith Steyermark 58750 has the immature pedicels 25 mm. long and the mature ones 25-40 mm. long. It is to be noted, therefore, that the length of the pedicels may be shorter than was originally described for this variety. ANDES Drimys granadensis L. var. grandiflora Turcz. MfeRIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55745; dwarf, cool forest between El Molino and ridge- above San Isidro Alto, alt. 2430-2895 m., 56523. These collections are question- ably referred to this variety, which has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. In no. 55745 the petals are much shorter and narrower than are described for the variety. Both come from the same general area inhabited by D. granadensis var. uniflora (Turcz.) A. C. Smith, but have 2-3-flowered inflorescences, as well as 1-flowered, and the petals are shorter and narrower than stated by Smith in his treatment of the genus. Drimys granadensis L. var. uniflora (Turcz.) A. C. Smith LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530- 2575 m., 55255. Locally known as "cubi," this tree is used by the native inhabitants in several ways. The peppery bark is used in curing toothaches, and with salt is given to cattle and other stock for killing worms. The variety has been recorded in Venezuela previously from the state of Trujillo. ANNONACEAE58 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Duguetia aff. macrophylla R. E. Fr. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57930; forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58092. 58Annonaceae by Robert C. Fries 904 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Duguetia Spruceana R. E. Fr. Isla de Hormigo, between Sanariapo and San Fernando de Atabapo, along Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57737. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Raimondia tenuiflora (Mart.) R. E. Fr. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 57913. Locally known as "mahaguilla," the strong bark of this tree is used for tying purposes. This collection was recently recorded as new to Venezuela by Dr. Fries (Ark. Bot. !«: 345. 1950). Xylopia amazonica R. E. Fr. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58068. This species has not been re- corded previously from Venezuela. It is known in Dutch Guiana and Amazonian Brazil. Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Tit/, alt. 100 m., 58417. PTARI-TEPUI Anaxagorea petiolata R. E. Fr. Densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59424; wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60420. Locally known by the Indians as "majagua," the strong and ropey bark is used for tying and for carrying cargoes ("carapipa" [TaurepanJ). These collections were cited as new to Venezuela by Dr. Fries (Ark. Bot. I6: 342. 1950). It was previously known only from British Guiana. Duguetia pauciflora Rusby. Sororopan-tepui, wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m. , 60196; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60803. Locally known to the Indians as "arairra-yek," this tree has several uses. The strong bark is used for tying purposes and for head bands (tump lines) used for carrying cargo. The twigs serve as fishing poles, while the bark, boiled in water, is said to cure worms. The species has been recorded previously in Venezuela only from Santa Catalina in the Lower Orinoco. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 905 Duguetia pycnastera Sandw. South-facing densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59475. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It is known also from British and Dutch Guiana. Duguetia Saffordiana Pittier. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1585-1600 m., 60013; wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60425; dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60645. Known locally as "grau-fin-yek," "claurin-yek, " or "caura-rin-yek," the bark of this species also serves for tying pur- poses, for straps and head-bands (tump lines), but is not considered as durable as that of Anaxagorea petiolata, noted above. One of the smaller trees in this region (10-13 meters tall), this species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Guayana. Xylopia sericea St. Hil. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60786. This species has been recorded in Venezuela previously only from the region of Mount Roraima. Known locally by the Indians as "apono-to-yek," the wood is considered suitable for the construction of seats. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Annona montana Macf. ANZoATEGUI: between Bergantin and San Jose, alt. 300-400 m., 61515. Not previously recorded as far east in the Cordillera de la Costa, this species is known locally as "guanabano cimarron;" the edible fruit, when mature, becomes subglobose and may attain a length of 25 centimeters. Cymbopetalum brasiliense (Veil.) Benth. ANZoATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin; alt. 500 ra., 61030; forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61241. Not previously recorded in the Cordillera de la Costa of the Oriente. Collection no. 61030, a shrub, was given the name "cacao" by the native inhabitants, who state that the birds eat the fruit of this species. Duguetia lucida Urb. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500- 600 m., 61472. SUCRE: rocky, limestone, steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 906 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 62411. This species, hitherto known only from the West Indies and British Guiana, has recently been recorded, on the basis of the above- cited collections, as new to Venezuela by Dr. Fries (Ark. Bot. I6: 344.345. 1950). Known to the inhabitants locally as "barbasco," the mashed or crushed bark is used as a poison for stupefying and catching fish. Xylopia frutescens Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61113. This species has not been recorded previously in Venezuela from the Cordillera de la Costa. It is known as "pimientillo," The pendent branches, leafy only in their upper half, are quite distinctive with the drooping leaves. Several interesting uses have been recorded for this species by the native inhabitants of the region. The raw seed of the fruit is mashed in water and the drink taken for stomach-ache. The wood is esteemed in house construction; since it tends to grow into straight lengths, it is often selected as the important ridge pole or cumbrador for the house. Like other members of the family, the bark serves as a "majagua" for tying purposes. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Duguetia lucida Urb. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56696. Noted above under Cerro Turumiquire section as new to Venezuela. Guatteria (Duguetia) venezuelana R. E. Fr. DISTRITO FEDERAL: south- and southwest-facing densely wooded slopes of Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between Los Venados and Papelon, alt. 1585-1820 m., 55097. This species was noted by Dr. Fries recently in Ark. Bot. I6: 333. 1950. It was not recorded in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana. MYRISTICACEAE59 RORAIMA Virola sehifera Aubl. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58565. Known locally as "erika-bai-yek," the bark is boiled and then drunk for driving away the evil spirits. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana 59Myristicaceae by Albert C. Smith BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 907 PTARI-TEPUl' Virola sebifera Aubl. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60615; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m. , 60758a. Both collections were known by the Indians as "wircawei-yek;" the inner bark of this tree is dried and smoked and used by the witch-doctors at dances when curing fevers. For distribution notes see statement under Mount Roraima section. Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb. Dense forest along Rib Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60593. Widespread and locally common in northeastern South America and the Lesser Antilles. Williams 11650 from the region of La Prision, Medio Caura, has been cited in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, and several other col- lections from the state of Bolivar have been seen by Dr. Smith. Locally known as "capau-rit-warei-yek." CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE REGION Virola sorinamensis (Rol.) Warb. MONAGAS: deep forest along Rio Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Co. Camp, 6 km. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61 763. For distribution notes see above under Ptari-tepuf. MONIMIACEAE ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Mollinedia mac rant ha Tul. Mil R IDA: rich, damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua', alt. 1925-2075 m., 56384. The determination of this collection is doubtful. The species has not previously been recorded from Venezuela. Siparuna stellulata Perk. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56706. This species has been known in Venezuela previously only from the Cordillera de la Costa. 908 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 PAPAVERACEAE ANDES Bocconia integrifolia Humb. fr Bonpl. TACHIRA: rich steep wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramo'n and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57458. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. A Bocconia Pearcei Hutchinson MliRIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Ri'o Capuri, between Canagua and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56485. Known in this area as "mano de Icon." In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana the name B. frutescens L. is the only species cited for Venezuela. As pointed out by Hutchinson, however, in his work on this genus, the correct name for the Venezuelan Andean plant is B. Pearcei. CRUCIFERAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Cardamine Aschersoniana O. E. Schulz. MONAGAS: between boulders in front of cave entrance, Guacharo Cave, 6 kms. northwest of Guacharo, alt. 950 m., 62314. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, headwaters of Rio Manzanares, on north west- facing slopes, alt. 800 m., 62685. Previously known in Venezuela only from the region of Colonia Tovar; the present collections represent a considerable eastward extension of range. Cardamine ovata Benth. ANZoATEGUI: along stream bed of Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m., 61316. SUCRE: forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000- 2100 m., 62743. Sometimes known as "amor seco" in the region where 62743 was collected. The species has not previously been recorded from the Oriente of Venezuela. ANDES Cardamine armoracioides Turcz. MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56596. This is the second collection cited for Venezuela, and the first with BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 909 any definite locality, as the type of the species (Linden 141 6) was cited without definite locality in Venezuela. The present collection has most of the leaves simple, but there is an occasional trifoliate one present. The stature of the plant in the present collection is 5.3 dm. tall (not 25-40 cm. as in the original description). The flowers measure 5.5-6 mm. long, the sepals 3-3.5 mm. long, and the siliques 4.5-5 cm. long and 2-2.5 mm. wide (instead of 3-4 cm. long and 1.3 mm. wide as in the original description). Evidently, the Steyermark collection is a more mature and taller specimen than the one described originally. The emended description is: caules 25-53 cm. alti, floribus 5-6 mm. longis; sepalis 3-3.5 mm. longis; siliquis 30-50 mm. longis, 1.3-2.5 mm. latis. A synonym of C. armoracioides is Cardamine lanceolaris Linden & Planchon, Trois. Voy. Linden 1: 12. 1863. This name is not ac- counted for by O. E. Schulz in his monograph of Cardamine. It is based on the same collection (Linden 1416) as is the type of C. armoracioides. Cardamine flaccid a Cham. Si Schl. subsp. minima (Steud.) O.E. Schulz. MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubafi, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57498. Neither the species nor subspecies have previously been recorded from Venezuela. Cardamine picta Hook. MERIDA: Laguna Mucubafi, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57507. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. In his monograph of the genus Cardamine, O. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. 32: 280-623. 1903) attempts to separate C. ecuadorensis Hieron., C. Johns tonii Oliver, C. punicea Turcz., C. Jamesonii Hook., C. neva- densis Turcz., and C. picta Hook. He has reduced C. punicea to a state of C. Johnstonii, and C. nevadensis to a variety of C. Jamesonii. Unfortunately, a study of the species involved in this complex does not reveal any constant differences whereby they can be kept sepa- rate from one another. W. J. Hooker, in Lond. Jour. Bot. VI: 292. pi. 12. 1847, described C. picta from the Paramo of Ruiz, Colombia, the description being based upon a collection by Purdie. It was illustrated with an excel- lent plate. Hooker states that this species had 7-11 leaflets on the lower leaves and leafy raceme with pinnate or pinnatisect leaves. He placed such great emphasis upon the latter character that he described on the following page of the same article (loc. cit. 293) another species C. Jamesonii, from Ecuador and Colombia, in C. Jamesonii Hooker states that the raceme does not possess the leafy bracts characteristic of C. picta. But, although Hooker describes and illustrates his C. picta as having cauline leaves with 7-11 leaflets, Schulz places C. picta (p. 421) in that part of his key with "folia caulina 2-4-juga," while C. Johnstonii and C. punicea are placed 910 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 (p. 419) under "folia caulina 4-5-juga." Other differences given by Schulz to separate C. Johnstonii and C. punicea from C. James onii, C. nevadensis, and C. picta, are the relative length of the style, of the siliaue, shape of petals, and the degree to which the lateral leaflets are petiolute or semide current. Study of material which might be referred to one or another of the species within this group has convinced the present author that the characters used by Schulz overlap and do not hold for the various entities. There is every gradation shown in extremes from well-developed leafy-bracted racemes to those not conspicuously developed, variations of leaflet shape, degree of petiolule development, and length of petals and style. The name that takes precedence over all others is C. picta Hook, published in 1854. Cardamine James onii, described one page suc- ceeding C. picta, becomes a synonym, as do the species of Turczaninow (C. punicea and C. nevadensis), described in 1854. Incidentally, C. pulchra Linden & Planchon, a synonym of C. neva- densis (based on the same type number, Funck & Schlim 1554), was not accounted for by Schulz in his monograph cited above. I have had no opportunity of examining any African material of C. Johnstonii Oliver, under which Schulz places South American material from Ecuador and Colombia. However, since Oliver's name was not pub- lished until 1887, it is unimportant in the present instance from the nomenclatural standpoint whether or not the African material is conspecific with that of South America. Steyermark 57507, cited above from the state of Me'rida, well matches the plate of Hooker's C. picta so far as the shape of the large leaflets of the lower leaves is concerned, and shows two of the lower pedicels, but not all of the pedicels, leafy-bracted with pinnati- sect leaves. Cardamine ecuadorensis Hieron. (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 19. 1895) is a plant with usually fewer leaflets and more pubescent stems and leaves. Although described as having petals only 6-7 mm. long and pubescent stems, a Steyermark 54459, collected in Ecuador near the type locality, has petals varying from 6-8 mm. in length, and stems varying from glabrous to pubescent. Judging from this type of variation and from an examination of a photograph of the type (Lehmann 4826 from "Andibus orient, prov. Loja"), it is probable that C. ecuadorensis must likewise fall into synonymy under C. picta. In view of the above discussion, the synonymy involved under C. picta is as follows: Cardamine picta Hook, in Lond. Journ. Bot. VI: 292. pi. 12. 1847. C. James onii Hook. Loc. Cit. 293. 1847; C. nevadensis Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 272: 295. 1854; C. punicea Turcz. Ibid.; C. pulchra Linden & Planch. Trois. Voy. Linden l: 12. 1863; C. speciosa Britton, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 16: 16. 1889; C. ecuadorensis Hieron. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 19. 1895; C. Johnstonii prol. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 91 1 punicea (Turcz.) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 420. 1903; C. John- stonii var. superba O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 421; C. Jamesonii prol. pulcherrima O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 422; C. Jamesonii var. neva- densis (Turcz.) O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 422; C. Jamesonii var. speciosa (Britton) O. E. Schulz, Loc. Cit. 422. Draba pamplonensis Planch. & Linden var. Moritzii O. E. Schulz. MliRIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55884. The present collection has densely stellate-puberulent flowering stems, but Schulz's description mentions nothing about stellate pubescence. Schulz states only "pube brevissima ramosa usque ad pedicellos obtecti." The present collection also has only 4 ovules present in the several flowers examined; the description by Schulz states 9 ovules to be present in the species, but mentions nothing about the number present in the variety. TOVARIACEAE Tovaria pendula R. & P. This name published in 1798 has precedence over T. diffusa (Mac- fad.) Fawc. & Rendle, 1914 based on Bancroftia diffusa Macfad. of 1837. There appear to be no differences by which the two species can be kept apart. CAPPARIDACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Capparis Baducca L. ANZO/TEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1100 m., 61088. Locally known as "toco," the fruit is edible. The wood is not con- sidered to have any value and has a fetid odor. Apparently this is the first definite locality record for the species in Venezuela, as no definite locality was previously given by Pax in his citation of the species for Venezuela in the Pflanzenfamilien. Cleome arborea HBK. ANZO/TEGUI: steep forested slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1*500-1600 m., 61572. This species was common along the streams in this area. It is known locally as "yuquilla. " The leaves and all parts of the plant have a pungent fetid odor. It has not been recorded as far east in Venezuela previously, the only other records having been found near Caracas, the type locality. 912 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Cleome viridiflora Schreb. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 ra., 62425. The name C. gigantea L., published in 1771, is antedated by C. viridiflora Schreb. of 1770. The species was previously known in Venezuela only from the region of Caracas. The present collection represents a considerable eastern extension of range. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Capparis Eustachiana Jacq. LARA: dry scrubby woods, between Humocaro Bajo and Los Apo- sentos, alt. 1090-1980 m., 55195. MIRANDA: Williams 11190. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. DROSERACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Drosera sessilifolia St. Hil. On rocks around pools of water in open savanna with igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58521. This species, to which this collection has been doubtfully referred, is new to Venezuela. PTARI-TEPllf Drosera cayennensis Sagot. Dry open ground, southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., 59970; along mossy rocks bordering Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava- nayen, alt. 1220 m. , 60497. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It is known from British Guiana and the Amazonian district of French Guiana. Drosera montana var. robusta Diels. Swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59646; on large boulder in Bonne tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59743; savanna between Rio Tek-Yunse'n and Carrao-tepuf, alt. 1460 m., 60838. This variety has been recorded in Venezuela previously from Mount Duida and Roraima. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 913 Drosera montana vat. Roraimae (Klotzsch) Diels. Rocky mossy banks of Rib Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava- nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60505. This collection is intermediate between this variety and var. robusta. Drosera pusilla HBK. Savanna between Rio Tek-Yunsen and Carrao-tepui, alt. 1460 m. , 60837. This collection resembles D. pusilla in all respects except that the sepals are sparsely pilosulous and the petals are 4-4.5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide instead of 5-6 mm. long and about 3 mm. wide, the latter dimensions the ones given by Diels. Furthermore, the seeds are ovoid-elliptic instead of globose. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Drosera tenella Willd. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Never/ along headwaters of Rfo de Amana, alt. 2000 m. , 62713. Known locally as "pelo de acuris," this species was collected at a much higher elevation than the type, originally found in the Cuchilla de Guanaguana, near Caripe, by Humboldt and Bonpland. CRASSULACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Echeveria bicolor (HBK.) E. Walther. MONAGAS: on rocky edge of slopes along road between Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura and main part of Town of Caripe, alt. 830 m., 62345*. SUCRE: on Boqueron bluff at base of bluff, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, on Cerro Turumiquire, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62471- Dr. Eric Walther (Cactus & Succulent Journal 7: 39. 1935) has shown that the Sedum bicolor of HBK. is congeneric with Echeveria. The type of Sedum bicolor was originally collected near Caracas. The present collection is an extension eastward into the Oriente of the Cordillera de la Costa. ANDES Echeveria bicolor (HBK.) E. Walther. MliRIDA: paramo de Los Colorados, between El Molino and San Isidro Alto, alt. 2745-2955 m., 56538. For distribution of species see above. 914 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 After examination and study of Echeveria bracteolata (Link) Kl. & Otto and E. venezuelensis Rose, it is found that they are in no way to be separated from E. bicolor (HBK.) E. Walther. For discussion of the nomenclature of this species, see Cactus & Succulent Journal 7: 39. 1935. Echeveria columbiana von Poellnitz. LARA: on edge of rock escarpment on top of paramo, Paramo de las Rosas, above Buenos Aires, alt. 3290 m., 55476. T/kCHIRA: on rocky bluffs between Tabor and Villapaez, along Rio Tachira, along Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2130-2285 m., 57156. Known in the state of Lara as "repollo de montana," this species, previously known from Colombia has not been recorded from Venezuela. Tillaea venezuelensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Herba perennis aqtratica vel terrestris 9-11 cm. alta; caulibus confertis erectis vel adscendentibus tenuibus 0.8-0.9 mm. diam.; internodiis elongatis, inferioribus 8-13 mm. longis, superioribus 2.5-4 mm. longis; foliis basi connatis plerumque adscendentibus lineari-lanceolatis acutis 3-6 mm. longis 0.5-0.6 mm. latis; vaginis obscure brunneis 1 mm. aids; floribus solitariis paucis terminalibus vel in axillis superioribus fere sessilibus, pedicel 1 is ad 0.7 mm. longis; sepalis 4, basi connatis, late triangularibus vel oblongo- ovatis apice rotundatis, lobis 0.5 mm. longis basi 0.7 mm. latis, tubo 0.5 mm. longo; petalis 4 oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis 1.2-1.3 mm. longis 0.8 mm. latis; staminibus 4, filamentis 0.8-0.9 mm. longis; antheris suborbicularibus 0.2 mm. longis; squamellis 4 linearibus vel lineari-spatulatis apice rotundatis 0.7 mm. longis 0.2 mm. latis carpello brevioribus; carpellis 4 ovoideis 1 mm. longis in stigmate breve orbiculare abrupte terminantibus; ovulis in quoque carpello 4-7; seminibus immaturis paullo reticulatis in quoque carpello 4-7. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on bottom of and along shore of small lake near upper limit of paramo, between Cha- chopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, state of Merida, alt. 3930 m., April 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 55906, "submerged." The genus, Tillaea has not been recorded previously from Vene- zuela. The present species is related to T. aquatica L. of North America, Europe, and Africa, and to T. viridis of Mexico. From both of them it may be distinguished by the fewer number of ovules and seeds in each carpel. Furthermore, from T. viride it differs in the shorter leaves, more elongated stems and irternodes, and non- papillate seeds, while from T. aquatica it differs in the distinctly rounded apices of calyx lobes and petals, more elongated stems and internodes, fewer and more remote flowers, and somewhat reticulate instead of longitudinally wrinkled seeds. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 915 SAXIFRAGACEAE ANDES Hydrangea durifolia Briq. MERIDA: rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 ra., 55983. The material is sterile and the determination is questionable. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Weinmannia ovalis R. & P. Along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1675 m., 58113' This collection represents a form of the species. Because the specimen is sterile, this form is not easy to place definitely. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Weinmannia sorbifolia HBK. var. crenata (Presl) Cuatr. On moist exposed cliff face, growing on vertical southeastern- facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1520 m., 58027. Weinmannia velutina O. C. Schmidt. On high moist ridge top, summit of Duida, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58313. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. The specimen is sterile. RORAIMA Weinmannia pinnata L. var. caripensis (HBK.) Cuatr. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 ra., 58733; rich woods, on southwest-facing sandstone ledge, alt. 2100- 2620 m., 58923. This variety has not been found previously in the Roraima area. PTARi-TEPUl' Weinmannia velutina O. C. Schmidt. Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59723; steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part, east of "^Cunoniaceae by Jose Cuatrecasas 916 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59828; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60152. Steyermark 59828 differs from the other collections cited in having less tomentum; the branchlets of this collection are apparently younger and must come from a tree growing in a shady, wet locality, or may represent a hybrid form. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Weinmannia microphylla R. & P. MONAGAS: Common around and below summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 2180 m., 62128. Weinmannia microphylla var. caracasana (Pampanini) Cuatr. r ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61629. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, common from 1750 up to 2200 m. alt., 62478. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Weinmannia Balbisiana HBK. var. Moritzii (Engl.) Cuatr. r f MERIDA: along Rio Albarregas, Monte Serpa, 5-10 kms. northwest of Merida, alt. 1675-2135 m., 55958. Known locally as "sai-sai." Weinmannia Lansbergiana Engl. MIRANDA: ascent of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2200-2765 m., 62964. This specimen comes from the classic locality and agrees with the original description, although Engler in his monograph writes (p. 628) that the "ovarium ovato-globosum dense cinereo-pilosum," and Steyermark's plant has only slightly pilose fruits. Weinmannia tomentosa L. f. TACHIRA: dwarfed forest on dry rocky slopes below Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, alt. 2430-2510 m., 57107. The specimen is the larger leaflets are not characteristic of the typical form of— sterile; the species. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 917 ROSACEAE61 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Hirtella bullata Benth. Sabana de Arboles, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57904. The Steyermark collection, along with Tate 146 and 372, likewise from the Cerro Duida region, conform quite well to the description of H. aureo-hirsuta Pilger, and likewise to that of H. amplexicaulis Pilger. But I am unable to differentiate either of these from the much earlier H. bullata Benth. RORAIMA Rubus robustus Presl. Forested area, southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58659. Known locally as "karoray." Hirtella scabra Benth. Sandy dry slopes just north of Santa Elena, Gran Sabana between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59311. Described from Schomburgk 1051, "near Mount Roraima," known definitely only from the Gran Sabana; similar plants from the Upper Rio Negro have been assigned here by Hooker. PTARI-TEPUl' Rubus guyanensis Focke. Common in a few dryish places, forming dense thickets along base of south-facing sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59899. This species has been collected previously in the Venezuelan Guayana only from the region of Mount Roraima. Rubus robustus Presl. Rocky hematite exposures, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60073. Licania aff. aperta Benth. Woods bordering savanna along Rio Karuai at base of Sororopan- tepui' west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60750. Known locally as "macara-yek," this specimen is doubtfully referred to the present species which has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. 61 Rosaceae by Bassett Maguire 918 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Licania micrantha Miq. var. Woods bordering savanna along Rio Karuai at base of Sororopan- tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60758. Known locally as "macara-yek," this collection is impossible to place definitely, as it is sterile. Hirtella maorophylla Renth. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60561; dense forest along Rfo Karuai at base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60639. No. 6056J is known as "kwepi-yek," no. 60639 as "can-wadak-yek. " These two specimens are conspecific with the isotype of H. macro- phylla (Spruce 3095) in herb. N.Y. Bot. Card., from San Carlos, Amazonas, and very similar to specimens from the lower Amazon Basin. Hirtella scabra Renth. Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59395. For distribution notes, see above under Roraima section. Prunus sphaerocarpa Sw. Lower south-facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60687. Known locally as "manga- yek," this species, common to northeastern South America, has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Guayana. The cut or bruised bark partakes of a sweet almond or cherry-like odor. The fresh bark is placed in water, the drink reputed to be efficacious in the prevention of malaria. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Hesperomeles heterophylla (R. & P.) Hook. ANZOATEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantih, alt. 2000- 2300 m., 61647. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62096. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62683. This species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Oriente. It is variable and widely distributed, ranging from Venezuela and Colombia to Peru. Rubus robustus Presl. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61634; cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 919 Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61672. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62672. Sometimes known as "aranagato. " Licania heteromorpha Benth. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61435. This collection mube be placed with one of the many undelimited varieties of L. heteromorpha, which is possibly one of the most polymorphic species within the genus. No satisfactory interpretation of the races and variants of this widespread species has been made. Licania kuntzeana Urban. MONAGAS: forested slopes along top of sandstone escarpment above Rio Amana at La Traviesa Mena Grande Oil Company Camp, 7 km. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 244 m., 61759. This collection is inseparable from Trinidad specimens of the West Indian L. Kuntzeana. It has not been reported from Venezuela previously. Hirtella racemosa Lam. ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge, Quebrada Bonita, tributary of Rio Querecual, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1200 m., 60979. Known locally as "carbonero," the fruit is considered edible. Primus sphaerocarpa Sw. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200- 1480 m., 62254. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62615; in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven, along headwaters of Rib de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62733- ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800- 2000 m., 67639. The common cherry of northeastern South America has long been referred to P. sphaerocarpa Sw., ranging from the West Indies and Venezuela to southern Brazil. So inclusive an assemblage is highly variable, and, if belonging to a single species, must surely represent a number of discrete races. I am not prepared at this time to offer any evaluation of them. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Hesperomeles lanuginosa R. & P. ex Hook. sens. lat. MliRIDA: dry rocky slopes between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 2830 m., 55743. TA'CHIRA: dwarfed forest on slopes below 920 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Paramo de la Negra, alt. 2430-2510 m., 57100. Exceedingly variable; Venezuela and Colombia to Peru and Bolivia. Lachemilla achilliaefolia (Remy) Rothm. MliRIDA: near upper limits of Paramo around small lake between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 558796. The above collection coincides satisfactorily with the description given by Rothmaler (Trabaj. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Madrid, ser. Bot. 31: 10. 1935), but the plants are more compact and the stems not repent as shown in Rothmaler 's accompanying figure. The habit of our plant suggests that it might well be a distinct species. Lachemilla ramosissima (Rothm.) Rothm. MliRIDA: paramo along upper headwaters of Rib Tormero below El Aguila and above Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55671 a. This specimen must be referred to L. ramosissima of the Sierra Nevada de Me'rida, although it departs from the original description as follows: sheath lobes 6-8; hypanthium obconic 1.5 mm. long, bracte- oles and sepals 5 each, of equal length, lanceolate ca. 0.8 mm. long, obtusish, the bracteoles somewhat narrower; 3-4 stamens, carpels 5, stigmas capitate; the original description, "laciniis 7-10...hypanthio campanulato...sepalis 4 lanceolatis,...episepalis 4 paulo brevioribus lineari-lanceolatis...styli 4 breves, stigmatibus subclavatis; stamina 2." Known only from the type locality. Lachemilla Sprucei (Perry) Rothm. MliRIDA: near upper limit of paramo around small lake between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55879a. Previously unreported for Venezuela; apparently known otherwise by the type, "in Andibus Ecuadorensibus," Spruce 6102; and Andes of Ecuador, ca. 3600 m. alt., Pearce sine no. (ace. Perry). Rubus glaucns Benth. MliRIDA: Cuesta de Rincon and Cues ta del Barro, between Canagua and La Quebrada, on road to El Molino, alt. 1925-2715 m., 56452. Of wide tropical distribution. Rubus rosaefolius Sm. MERIDA: shaded thickets between Beguilla and Mucuchachf, alt. 1965-2430 m., 56294. An Asiatic species; widespread in South America. Not previously recorded from Venezuela.. Hirtella paniculata Swartz. BOLIVAR: along small stream with Mauritia palms, savanna be- tween Rio Carom and Ciudad Bolivar, alt. 200 m., 57647. Known from St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venezuela, the Guianas, and adjacent Brazil. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -IV 921 LEGUMINOSAE62 Many of the records for this family have already been recorded by Pittier et al in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, vol. 1, and are not repeated here. Only records which have not appeared previously are here given. MIMOSOIDEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Pithecolobium racemosnm Ducke. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of CerroDuida, alt. 215 m., 579/6. RORAIMA Pithecolobium ferrugineum Benth. South west- facing slopes along wooded quebrada below Phillip swamp between base of mountain at Quebrada Ka-hua-paru ,and Glycon swamp, alt. 1665 m, 59015- PTARI-TEPUI Inga multijuga Benth. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1220 m. , 60719. Known as "curanbi-yek; " the fruit is edible. Inga myriantha P. & E. Dense forest along Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana- yen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60298; dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60601. The last collection was given the name of "avira-yek." The fruit is edible. New to Venezuela. Inga punctata Willd. Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60472. "2 Leguminosae by Robert W. Schery 922 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Pithecolobium ferrugineum Benth. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60514. Known as "mese-yek, " the bark of this shrub, when shredded or cut and placed in water, serves as a soap for washing purposes. Pithecolobium villiferum Ducke. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60511. Known as "ercey-euri-yek." Like the preceding, the mashed bark, when placed in water, is used by the Indians of this region as a soap substitute. This species, not previously recorded from Venezuela, is doubtfully determined. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Acacia podadenia Br. Si Killip. ANZO/TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes of Cerro Peonfa (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, along headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1600-1800 m., 61574. Inga Oerstediana Benth. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rib de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62696. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Stryphnodendron guianense (Aubl.) Benth. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 m., 60937. Known locally as "vainefa." Pithecolobium collinum Sandw. BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57703. This tree is common in the forests of this area. The collection is doubtfully referred to this species. Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baill. BOLfVAR: along water in ditch between Rio Carom and Ciudad Bolivar, alt. 200 m., 57637. The stems of this plant float on the surface of the water. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 923 CAESALPINOIDEAE RORAIMA Cassia gracilis Kunth. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of liio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59170; between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastor a on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59217; Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Rorairoa, alt. 915-1005 m., 59312. PTARI-TEPUI Dimorphandra macrostachya Benth. Southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m. , 60023; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui", alt. 1220 m., 60734. Known by the Indians of this region as "awarkai-yek. " The bark is used in diverse ways. Scraped on the inner surface, it makes a foamy lather that is used to place on itchy skin and on wounds that do not heal readily; it is also used in the treatment of scarlet fever and for bathing purposes. The trunk of the tree is often carved into curiares, the native dugout canoe. This is one of the dominant trees bordering the savanna in this area. Previously recorded from the Roraima area. Eperua grand if lora (Aubl.) Benth. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60754. Known by the Camarata Indians of this region as "opa-yek," this species is used by the witchdoctors (piache) or curas. The leaves are held in the hand and shaken or rustled in a song and dance routine at night for the sake of getting rid of fevers and sickness. Eperua Jenmani Oliv. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m. , 60376. Known locally as "opa-yek" or "tuman-yek. " This collection is doubtfully referred to this species. The species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. Sclerolobium guianense Benth. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m 60576; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60752. Known by the Indians of this region as "arapari-yek, " this species has not hitherto been reported from Venezuela. The wood is very hard. 924 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Cassia quingnangulata Rich. Along banks of Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60795. Known locally as "war-peray-yek." Cassia uniflora Spreng. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rfo Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59386; savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60323. There is some doubt about the determination of the last collection. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Peltogyne porphyrocardia Griseb. SUCRE: dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana, alt. 30 m., 62873. Known as "morada" because of the. purple heartwood, this sterile collection is doubtfully referred to the above species, which has not hitherto been recorded from Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Cassia hirsnta L. MERIDA: thickets around Hacienda El Joque of Dr. Ricardo Sergent, above Jaji', alt. 2195 m., 55967. Known as "brusco." Cassia patellaria DC. BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57543. Cassia multijuga Rich. BOLIVAR: between Upata and Rio Carom', alt. 500 m., 57565. PAPILIONOIDEAE RORAIMA Eriosema violaceum (Aubl.) G. Don. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kuke- nan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59253. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana. Galactia gracillima Benth. emend. Micheli. Gran Sabana, in wet savanna bordering Rio Kukena'n, between Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-10o5 m., 58550. Not previously BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 925 recorded from Venezuela, this plant is known to the Indians of the region as "chinak guaiquin-chinate'n," which translated into the Spanish means "bejuco de venado. " Rhynchosia Schomburgkii Benth. Gran Sabana, near Kun, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59111. This is the first record of this species from Venezuela. PTARI-TEPllf Alexa confusa Pittier Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ru> Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60412. Known locally as "cule'-yek," this species has been collected in Venezuela previously only from the forests in the vicinity of the Salto de Para in the state of Bolivar. Machaerium quinatum (Aubl.) Amsh. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, bellow Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-10o5 m., 60577; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60776. Known locally as "Maripa-yen-ya-pupeu-yek," or "acoi-yere- yek," which in Spanish means "una de murcielago," this liana, common in the Guianas, has not been recorded previously from Vene- zuela. The two collections are doubtfully referred to this species. Ormosia costulata (Miq.) Kleinh. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1615 m., 60266; vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60503. Known locally as "mutare-yek," the resinous bark of this tree is used for kindling fires. Known in Dutch and British Guiana, this species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Although there is a slight doubt about the determination of this species, it is believed that it is properly referred to the above species. Ormosia paraensis Ducke. Lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m. , 60683. Known locally as "metari-yek" or "mutare-yek" to the Camarata Indians, or "peonilla" to the Spanish speaking inhabitants, this species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. 926 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Fissicalyx Fendleri Benth. / , , ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61124. This species has not been recorded previously as far east in Venezuela. The wood is used for beams and rafters in the construction of houses. It is known here as "tasajo, " the name used elsewhere in Venezuela. Pterocarpus heterophyllus Pittier. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61491. When the bark is cut through, a deep reddish sap exudes, whence the local name "sangre de drago." Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urban. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61330. Known as "pionia montanero," this species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. The seeds are reputed to contain medici- nal properties; cooked seeds are placed in water and the infusion drunk for heart pains, while cooked seeds are also placed in water and given to children to place around their neck for the treatment of sore throat. Machaerium angustifolium Vog. ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61089. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. The red sap of the wood gives it the name "sangre de drago." This sap is employed in the treatment of sore throats; it is placed in water and the infusion drunk. The fruits are said to be eaten by small animals. Machaerium floribundum Benth. ANZOATEGUI: along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61306. MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61918. Sometimes known as "sangre de torro." Machaerium acuminatum HBK. ANZO^TEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61495. "Tasajo" is the local name applied to this species. The wood is esteemed in house construction and for the making of furniture. Machaerium Kegelii Meissn. ANZO^TEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rfo Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61055; forested BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 927 rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61510. Known locally as "sangre de drago," this high-climbing liana is reputed to be used in the treatment of sore and inflammed throats; the crude blood-colored sap is placed in cold or hot water and the preparation used as a gargle. Machaerium Moritzianum Benth. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62415. The determination of this collection is doubtful. The species has not been reported previously in the Venezuelan Oriente. It is an endemic species known previously in the state of Aragua and in the Distrito Federal. The various layers of bark found on the trunks of mature trees account for the local name, "siete capas." Machaerium Seemanii Benth. ANZoXTEGUI: woods along Rib Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61081. It is likely that M. tovarense Pittier is not distinct from this species. Machaerium tovarense Pittier. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62262. Not previously known to occur in the Venezuelan Oriente. As noted above, it is likely that this species is synonymous with the earlier M. Seemanii Benth. Erythrina Poeppigiana (Walp.) Cook. ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61182; forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of Berganti'n, alt. 500 m., 61502. MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of Juan Bautista Simonpietri, on south side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62169. Known as "bucare, " this tree serves in a number of ways in the local economy. The trunk of large mature trees, some- times attaining over a meter in diameter, is used in making canoes; the flowers are cooked in a sugary syrup and eaten as a conserve or as sweets; the boiled seeds are placed in an infusion of water, which is drunk for snake bite. Erythrina velutina Willd. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62347. Canavalia panamensis Piper. SUCRE: base of rocky chaparral bordering salt flats at Bordones, southwest of Cumana, alt. 10-15 m., 62910. 928 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Friosema violaceum (Aubl.) Don. MONAGAS: savanna slopes along Quebrada Colorado Grande, on mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61942. A rare species in Venezuela, previously recorded from one locality in the state of Anzoategui. Galactia Lockhartii Griseb. SUCRE: dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana', alt. 30 m., 62872. There is some doubt as to the proper determination of this collection, but it is believed that it should be referred here to the above species. Humboldtiella ferruginea (HBK.) Harms. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61488. Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500- 600 m., 61477. Locally known as "peonillo chiquito. " Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev. ANZOATEGUI: dry brushy slopes, between Rio Leon and "Carmel- ita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600 m., 61466. Known as "barbas- co," this is the species commonly used in this area for fishing. The roots are mashed up and the crude mixture placed in the stream to stupefy the fish. Vigna sinensis (L.) Endl. SUCRE: valley of Rio Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, between Granja Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m., 62780. Escaped from cultivation, where it is known as "frijol." ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Benthamantha mollis (HBK.) Alefeld. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Quebrada San Julian, near Caraballeda, alt. 15-75 m., 62939. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Andes of Merida. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. MIRANDA: coral strata along seacoast at Carenero, alt. sea level, 62924. Recorded from three scattered localities in Venezuela. Humboldtiella ferruginea (HBK.) Harms. TRUJILLO: wooded thickets on steep slopes, north of and near Valera, alt. 1220 m., 55861; between Valera and Motatan, alt. 365- 455 m., 56769. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 929 Zornia guanipensis Pittier. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 m., 60927. Locally known as "escobillo," this collec- tion is identified from description only. GERANIACEAE63 ANDES Geranium santanderiense R. Kunth. TACHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama', near Colom- bian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57374- This Colombian- species has not been reported from Venezuela previously. OXALIDACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Oxalis latifolia HBK. MONAGAS: near cultivated slope, Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62317. Oxalis pentantha Jacq. MONAGAS: Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62342. Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa of the Oriente of Venezuela. Oxalis rhombifolia Jacq. MONAGAS: dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61894. SUCRE: north-facing slopes of Cerro Turumiquire between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62483, 62483a. Not previously recorded from the Cordillera de la Costa of the Oriente of Venezuela. Oxalis sepium St. Hil. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62824. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Oxalis Martiana Zucc. DISTRITO FEDERAL: dry clay banks, Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55121. «3Geraniaceae by H. E. Moore, Jr. 930 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Oxalis medicaginea HBK. LARA: edge of woods bordering wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55304. Locally known as "vinagrilla, " this species has been recorded previously in Venezuela from the state of Merida. Oxalis pentantha Jacq. MERIDA: dry slopes along trail between La Trampa and Lagunillas, alt. 1188-2430 m., 56210. This species has not been recorded previ- ously from the Andes of Venezuela. Oxalis rhombifolia Jacq. MERIDA: rich steep northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56630. This species has not been recorded previously from the Andes of Venezuela. TROPAEOLACEAE ANDES Tropaeolum pilosum Turcz. LARA: twining plant in cut-over land at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55309. MERIDA: rich steep forested slopes between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55749. Tropaeolum pilosum was described by Turczaninow in 1858 (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31, pt. 1: 424) and based upon Venezuelan material collected by Funck & Schlim (near Colonia Tovar, Funck & Schlim 443). Buchenau (Das Pflanzenreich 10 Heft (IV. 131: 25. 1902), and authors following him, have treated Turczaninow's species as synony- mous with T. pubescens HBK., a species described in 1821 (Nov. Gen. & Sp. V: 251) from the region of Loja, Ecuador. Examination of a photograph of the type of T. pubescens and a comparison of the description of that species with that of T. pilosum, together with recent material collected by the present author from the Venezuelan Andes, leaves no doubt that the two species are amply distinct from one another. In T. pilosum the leaves are glabrous beneath and ferruginous-punctate (in dried material) instead of pu- bescent as in T. pubescens, the flower is almost twice as large in T. pilosum as it is in T. pubescens, and the calyx lobes in T. pu- bescens are glabrate, whereas those in T. pilosum are described as "glabri apice parcissime pilosi calcare." Specimens collected by the present author, which should be referred to T. pilosum, are those cited at the beginning of this discussion. In these specimens the calyx lobes are conspicuously long-pilose on the outside, otherwise agreeing in all respects with the description of T. pilosum. The spur BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -• IV 93 1 and calyx lobes of Steyermark 55309 are less pubescent and the petal slightly narrower above than in no. 55749, but otherwise the two collections appear to be conspecific. These are the first specimens cited for the Andes of Venezuela. LINACEAE PTARI-TEPUf Ochthocosmus Barrae Hall.f. Wooded slopes of Ouebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60373. This genus has previously been found in Venezuela on Auyan-tepui and the region of Roraima. Roucheria laxiflora Winkl. Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60469. This species has been collected in Venezuela previously from Cerro Duida. It is otherwise known only from Bolivia. HUMIRIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Humiria floribunda Mart. var. subsessilis (Spruce) Urban. Long grass savanna of Sabana Nueva, between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57880. Saccoglottis guianensis Benth. Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Titi, alt. 100 m., 58416. RORAIMA. Humiria floribunda var. montana (Juss.) Urban. Dry sandy upland of Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59186. PTARI-TEPUl' Humiria floribunda var. montana (Juss.) Urban. Scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. loOO m. , 59621. Humiria floribunda var. subsessilis (Spruce) Urban Sororopan-tepuf, wooded ridge between ouebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60192. This tree is 932 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 locally known as "coporik-warei-yek." "Coporik" is a small fish, the shape of which is supposed to resemble the form of the leaf of this tree. Saccoglottis guianensis Benth. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopa'n-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60756. This tree is known to the Camarata Indians of this area as "peru-yek." Erythroxylon citrifolium St. Hil. ANZoATEGUI: on steep slopes along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca^, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61325; headwaters of Rio Mara villa, slopes of Fila Grande, be- tween Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61727. This species has been cited previously in Venezuela from the Andes section of the country. Erythroxylon lucidum HBK. MONAGAS: El Pa'ramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62031. The determination of this collection is doubtful. It has been recorded previously from Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Erythroxylon amazonicum Peyr. DISTRITO FEDERAL: cloud forest at top of ridge, between Caria and El Junquito, alt. 1980 m., 56986. Previously cited in Venezuela from the region of San Carlos on the Rio Negro. Erythroxylon carthaginense Jacq. DISTRITO FEDERAL: dry south-facing slopes above Caracas, be- tween Colegio Nacional de Fnfermera and Los Venados, Cordillera del Avila, alt. 1065-1520 m., 55777. Erythroxylon impressum O. E. Schulz. BOLIVAR: along rocky cascades of Rio Upata, west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57555. This collection was taken near the type locality of Upata. RUTACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Diomma Ulei Engler. South-facing forested slopes, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800- 1900 m., 59798. This species has been recorded previously from BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 933 Roraima. This tree, of 6-11 meters in height, forms one of the domi- nant species in the substory of the forest in this area from approxi- mately 2166 meters up to the limit of forest at the base of the sandstone bluffs at 2450 meters. The solitary unbranched slender trunk topped by the cluster of leaves has the appearance of a tree fern in habit. It is possible that the genus Diomma is synonymous with Sonrevia excelsa Krause, described from the same general region of Roraima. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Jahnia meridensis Pitt. & Blake. ANZoATEGUI: along Ri'o Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m., 61290; same locality, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61339. Known as "cedro" in this area the wood of this tree is used in the construction of tables, doors, and other parts of house construction. These are the first records for this species in the Oriente of Venezuela. Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62422. Known as "naranjillo, " the wood is used in house construction. The species has not been recorded as far east in Venezuela previously. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Zanthoxylum ciliatum Engler. MERIDA: above El Molino, between El Molino and El Quebradon, alt. 2010-2135 m., 56508. This is a rare species, and has not previ- ously been recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. The original description needs emending as regards the length of the spines. Instead of 0.5-0.75 cm. long, the spines may attain a length of 2 cm. and may be as much as 7-9 mm. broad at the base. Zanthoxylum quinduense Tul. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285- 3290 m., 55505. Known as "caribito" this species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It is known from Colombia. SIMARUBACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Picramnia platystachya Killip & Cuatr. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57931. Previously recorded in Venezuela 934 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 from the Rio Negro. This species is very distinct in having pubescent 2-celled fruits with a pair of ovules in each cell of the ovary; these are attached at the apex of the cell next to the axile placenta. This species differs from P. magnifolia Macbr. of eastern Peru, to which it is closely related, in its more slender pedicels, thinner leaves which are less sulcate on their upper surface and have more reticulate veining of the secondary and tertiary nerves. PTARI-TEPUl' Simaruba amara Aubl. var. opaca Hngl. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60751. A common tree in this area, known locally as "aneu- purai-yek." Determined by Dr. Arthur Cronquist. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Picramnia caracasana Engl. MONAGAS: forested southwest-facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61842; forested summit of Cerro de Gua'charo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62072. The original description of this species, known originally only from a plant having pistillate flowers, is here emended to include the staminate flowers. Steyermark 62012, with starninate flowers, is used as the basis for the emended description as follows: petals 5, ligu- late, subacute, 2.3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, glabrous; calyx deeply 5-parted, the lobes broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate or acute at apex, 1.75-1.9 mm. long, 0.9-1 mm. wide, widest at or above the middle, puberulous without; stamens 5, fila^ ments 2.5-3 mm. long, glabrous to minutely puberulous. The pistillate flower is represented by Steyermark 61842; in this collection the leaflets are 11-13, whereas in the original description they are stated to be 7-9. The original description should be emended thus: folia 7-13-foliolata. Simaruba amara var. opaca Engl. r , r ANZOAJTEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Ri'o Neven' northeast of Bergantui, alt. 500 m., 61010. This collection has been identified by Dr. Arthur Cronouist. It is the first record of this species from the Oriente of Venezuela, where it is known in this area locally as "cassabita. " The wood is soft and breaks easily; it is used for firewood. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 935 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Picramnia villosa Rusby. f MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56378. This species has not been recorded previ- ously from Venezuela. Quassia amara L. r BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 m., 60962. Known in this area as "salsahueca, " the bark is employed after being cooked for the treatment of fevers and hemorrhages. BURSERACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Crepidospermum rhoifolium (Benth.) Tr. & PL Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Carlo Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58071. This species has hitherto been recorded in Venezuela only from the region of La Prision, Medio Caura, state of Bolivar. Protium decandrum March. Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57887. Known as "carana," the bark of this tree has a resinous exudate, as in other species of the genus. This exudate is used for kindling fires and as a type of pitch for burning purposes. Trattinickia subchoripetala Swart. On Esmeralda Ridge, between Esmeralda and base of Cerro Duida, alt. 150 m., 57740. This collection represents a topotype, coming from the same rocky top of Esmeralda Ridge as the type, represented by Tate's collection. However, the present author does not see any way be which T. subchoripetala can be distinguished from T. bur- seraefolia Mart., which is also known from Esmeralda, where Spruce collected it. PTARI-TEPUl' Protium guianense March. Southeast-facing slopes, ah. 1585-1600 m., 59982, 60000; wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60442. Known as "war-wa-wai-yek" or "chipo-yek," the former name in Spanish meaning "palo de tacamajaca," the fragrant resinous bark is 936 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 used by the Indians to kindle their fires and for providing a light in their homes. This species often forms one of the dominant lesser storeys of the forest on the southeast-facing slopes at 1585-1600 meters elevation. Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. Dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60646. Known to the Camarata Indians as "chipoi-yek," the twigs of this species, as in other members of the genus, are resinous- fragrant. Trattinickia burseraefolia Mart. Upper drier portion of forest below mesa on wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60358. Known locally to the Camarata Indians as "maura-yek," the fruit is said to be edible. This species has not been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Guayana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Protium neglectnm Swart. ANZOA'TEGU!: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61095. Known locally as "currucay," the resin of the bark is used by the native inhabitants for kindling fires; the wood is not considered good for construction or other purposes of utility. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. MELIACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Cedrela odorata L. Lower south-facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60690. Known locally as "coperi- yek" or "cedro" (Spanish), the fragrant wood is used in the making of curiares (dugout canoes) and in general construction work. Neither this species or others in this genus have been reported previously from this section of the Venezuelan Guayana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Carapa guianensis Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: on ridge top along Ru> Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 ra., 61338. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62170. The species has not been recorded hitherto from the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. The only previous collection cited for Venezuela is from El Palmar in the state of Bolivar. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -IV 937 There is considerable variation in the collections on hand for study: Steyermark 621 70 has much broader and proportionately shorter leaflets than typical C. guianensis, and in the area where they were collected were uniformly narrower and smaller than those in the state of Anzoategui, represented by no. 61338. The numbers of leaflets are also typical in the two collections cited, as there are only 6 leaflets present in no. 61338 and 8 leaflets present in no. 62170; typical C. guianensis usually has 10-12 leaflets. In both areas where the present cited collections were obtained the trees were known as "carapa." In the collection from the state of Anzoategui (no. 61338), the tree is reputed to be used medicinally in several ways: the inner portion of the seed is mashed, cooked in water with oil of "castilla," and drunk for the relief of stomach ache; also, the crushed seeds are scraped and the crude mixture soaked in oil of "castilla" is placed over cuts and considered efficacious in the treatment and healing of wounds. Guarea Kunthiana A. Juss. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61967. This species has been known in Venezuela hitherto from the Cordillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Caracas, so that the present collection represents a considerable eastward extension along the same Cordillera. Guarea trichilioides L. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantih, alt. 500 m., 61037; between Bergantin and San Jose, alt. 300-400 m., 61516; along Rio Leon, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 500 m., 61432. Known to the inhabitants of this region as "cabimbo," the wood is considered useful for furni- ture, lumber, the making of curiares (dugout canoes), and for general utility; the fleshy aril of the fruit is eaten by birds and is considered edible for human consumption. These collections could be referred to G. puberula Pittier, but that species does not appear to be distinct. The character of the elon- gated inflorescence of G. puberula can also be found in specimens of G. trichilioides. Moreover, the lower surface of adult leaves, de- scribed as puberulous in G. puberula, are no more puberulous in that species than are many collections of G. trichilioides; actually, the isotype of G. puberula (Delgado 128), preserved in the herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum, shows glabrous lower surfaces of the leaves as in typical G. trichilioides. The branching of the in- florescence also varies, in G. trichilioides ranging from a subsimple type to one paniculately branched. From the above discussion, it is evident that G. puberula cannot be maintained as a distinct species and it seems best to place is as a synonym under G. trichilioides. 938 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Trichilia brachystachya Kl. ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 400-500 m. , 61187. Known locally as "rosa blanca," the wood is considered superior for the making of gunstocks, ax handles, and for beams and rafters in house construction. Trichilia verrucosa C. DC. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neven', northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 500 m., 61059. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61946. Known as "Colorado," this tree is considered by the inhabitants of the region to have wood useful in the construc- tion of houses, especially satisfactory for beams and rafters; the fruit is considered edible. This species has not been recorded hitherto from Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Cedrela bogotensis Tr. & PI. TACHIRA: thickets along quebrada, above Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2285-2430 m., 57279. A Colombian species not previously recorded from Venezuela. Cedrela odorata L. MERE) A: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56605; above El Molino, between El Molino and El Quebradoh, alt. 2010- 2135 m., 56510. Known as "cedro rosado" in the Tabay region. Guarea Ruagea C. DC. DISTRITO FEDERAL: rich forest in upper portion of wooded slopes, Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, between Los Venados and Guayabo Mocho, alt. 1675-2075 m., 55048; seaward-facing north slopes, Cordillera de la Costa, El Junquito, alt. 1830-2130 m., 56971. Steyermark 55048, with leaves 25-35 cm. long and with 4 pairs of leaflets, would key out to G. mollicoma Pittier, but that species cannot be maintained as distinct from G. Ruagea with leaves about 22 cm. long and 3 pairs of leaflets. The number of leaflets and the relative length of the leaves are not adequate differentiating charac- ters for separating these entities. In Karsten's original description of Ruagea pubescens, upon which C. De Candolle based his Guarea Ruagea, the leaves are described and illustrated by a beautiful plate as having 3-6 pairs of leaflets. De Candolle, however, subsequently described the Guarea Ruagea as having "foliis 3-jugis," evidently disregarding the 3-6 pairs BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 939 described by Karsten. Apparently, the species does vary in the number of leaflets from three to six, as shown not only by Karsten's plates and description, but also by the discrepancy and variation present in the descriptions of Pittier and C. De Candolle, as well as by the 4-5 pairs of leaflets present in Steyermark 55048. TRIGONIACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Lightia guianensis Schomb. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui'and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60274; savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rib Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60307. Known to the Camarata Indians of this region by the names "sacarai-yek" (no. 60274) and "curataquilla," it has hitherto been recorded in Venezuela only from the region of Roraima. It sometimes forms the dominant growth in shrub formations. MALPIGHIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Titl, alt. 100 m., 58418, 58419. Previously recorded in Venezuela only from the region of San Carlos on the Ri'o Negro. Only a slight difference of the pubescence on the lower surface of the leaf appears to separate B. chrysophylla and B. lancifolia Juss., B. chrysophylla having more velutinous raised hairs, while B. lanci- folia has appressed-sericeous, metallic pubescence. A careful examination of material identified as these two species leaves no' doubt but that the two should be united under B. chrysophylla, the earlier name, as B. lancifolia was described in 1840. Niedenzu (p. 703) even cites a collection (Koch 41) from San Fernando de Atabapo, precisely the locality where the present author's collections (no. 58418) of B. chrysophylla originate, as representing B. lanci- folia. It is obvious that the same species is represented at this locality, and that comparison of the pubescence characters, upon which Niedenzu bases his distinctions, reveals that these differences break down. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) HBK. var. Spruceana Ndzu. On ridge of Esmeralda Ridge, in Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57751. 940 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Byrsonima bracteolaris Benth. Summit of Cerro Duida, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1675 m., 58112. The material of this species examined from Duida has the connective only one-third the length of the anther cells (as in B. concinna Benth.), whereas the key character (p. 690 of Niedenzu's monograph) states that the connective is twice as long as the anther cells, the condition of typical B. bracteolaris from Roraima. This Duida material may prove to be a distinct species. RORAIMA Banisteria elegans Tr. & PI. subsp. cordata Niedenzu. Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040- 2130 m., 58689. Neither the species nor any of its subdivisions have been recorded previously in Venezuela from any part of the Guayana section. Banisteria leptocarpa Benth. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m. , 58559; Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-Meru (tributary of Rfo Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59180. The name "chinak," which means "bejuco" in Spanish, is given this vine by the Camarata Indians. The species has been recorded previously from Venezuela. Tetrapterys rhodopteron Oliver. . Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58564. This species has not been reported hitherto as occurring in Venezuela. PTARI-TEPllf Banisteria leptocarpa Benth. Forested sandstone south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59710; woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, alt. 1375-1460 m., 60807. It is probable that B. elegans Tr. & PI., described in 1862, will have to be reduced to synonymy under B. leptocarpa Benth., de- scribed in 1848, as the characters supposed to differentiate these two species apparently intergrade into one another. The division maintained on the basis of the calyx glandular or eglandular does not hold true, and the glandular calyx type represents a variety of the BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 941 other. The leaves in both species are biglandular at the base of the midrib of the lower leaf surface, and both glandular and eglandular types of calyx occur. Moreover, all degrees of pubescence are found on the stems and in the inflorescence. In some collections of B. leptocarpa, as represented by Steyermark 58559 and 60807, the leaves and bracts may be ciliate at the apex, as in Banisteriopsis ( = Banisteria) elegans subsp. cordata var. pulcherrima Sandwith. Despite Sandwith's conviction (Journ. Arn. Arb. 24: 223. 1943) that B. elegans and B. leptocarpa are distinct species in the field, the latter possessing smaller flowers and rather pale yellow petals, the present author does not believe that their separation is justified when such characters as glandular calyx breaks down along with other characters assigned to the two species by Niedenzu. For example, the collections of Steyermark 59180 and 59710 have the smaller flowers and the type of pubescence of the inflorescence supposedly characteristic of B. leptocarpa, but the sepals are predominantly glandular as in B. elegans. Byrsonima bracteolaris Benth. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60742. Byrsonima concinna Benth. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m. , 60278; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60716. Although this species was not cited for Vene- zuela in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, it has been collected previously by Schomburgk in the Roraima area. The present collec- tions represent the second and third ones made in Venezuela. Both Bentham and Niedenzu describe the sepals in this species as "glaberrima." However, an examination of a fragment of the type specimen, preserved in the herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum, shows the sepals to be ciliate with rufous hairs. The two recent collections by Steyermark, cited above, from the region of Ptari-tepui, a table mountain west of the Roraima area where Schom- burgk originally collected his B. concinna, are conspecific with that species and show the sepals to be glabrous except for their rufous- ciliate margins (Steyermark 60716) or rufous-ciliate as well as dor- sally sparsely rufous-puberulous (Steyermark 60278). Therefore, the description of the calyx should be emended from "glaberrima" to "sepala marginibus rufo-ciliatis ceterum glabra vel parce rufo- puberula." Byrsonima rugosa Benth. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60431. Known to the Camarata Indians as "can-wa-dau-yek," 942 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 this is a large tree whose trunk is hollowed out and made into small boats used for crossing streams; the fruit is considered edible. It is not a liana as stated by Niedenzu in his monograph. Although Niedenzu gives "lianae" in his generic description, the original description of Byrsonima coleostachya Griseb., which is synonymous with Alcoceratothrix rugosa (Benth.) Ndzu., states "arbor 50-60- pedalis." I concur with Kostermans (Med. Bot. Mus. Herb. no. 25: 10-12. 1936) and Sandwith (Kew Bull. 1935: 311. 1935) that Alcoceratothrix should be merged with Byrsonima. As shown by Kostermans, the antler-shaped hairs occur in other species in Byrsonima, and cannot be regarded as a character of sufficient generic importance, nor like- wise can the size of the stipules and rectangular leaf nervation be judged genetically significant. Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich. Dry savanna on edge of mesa, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59385, 61506. Sometimes known as ''nigua" by the local inhabi- tants, this species has not been previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Iliraea fagifolia (DC.) Juss. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60568; along Ri'o Karuai, at base of Sororopa'n-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60790. Known to the Camarata Indians as "cawai-ta-ri-yek," this species has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela. CERRO TURUMIOUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Byrsonima martinicensis Krug & Urban. r ANZOATEGUI: on ridge top of Fila Grande, headwaters of Que- brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Berganti'n and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1700 m., 61533. ^MONAGAS: forested summit of Cerro de Guacharo, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1500 m., 62016. The present collections are doubtfully referred to this species, as the anther cells in no. 62016 are not mucronate. They may pos- sibly represent an undescribed species. This species has been reported previously in Venezuela from the Andes of Menda. Collec- tion no. 62016 was known to the native inhabitants as "platanillo." Heteropterys suberosa (Willd.) Griseb. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62372. This species has not been reported previously from the Oriente of Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 943 Ileteropterys suberosa var. Candolleana (Juss.) Ndzu. ANZOATEGUI^ Cerro Peorua (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61399. Stigmaphyllon fulgens (Lam.) Juss. ANZOATEG^UI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Never/, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61019; forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of Bergantin. Tetrapterys discolor (G.F.W. Meyer) DC. ANZOATEGUI: bamboo woods on ridge top of dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rjq Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 67708. MONAGAsT Montana de Agua- cate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 621 79. This species has not been recorded previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. In collection no. 61108 the native inhabitants use the name "bejuco de mono" for this species, alluding to the fact that monkeys eat the flowers of this plant. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Ileteropterys laurifolia (L.) Juss. M^RIDA: between Mucuchachi and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56339. Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. Tetrapterys boliviensis Ndzu. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north, of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56702. Not previously recorded in Venezuela except from the Caracas region. VOCHYSIACEAE ANDES Vochysia Duquei Pilger. MERIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56054. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Vochysia Lehmannii Hier. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56693. Known locally as "tambor," this species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. 944 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 POLYGALACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Polygala adenophora subvar. gracilis Chodat. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58487. Smaller in its flower parts than in typical P. adenophora, with a crest half as long. Polygala longicaulis H.B.K. Open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200m., 58511. Polygala micros pora Blake. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58456. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Polygala savannarum Chodat. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58483; open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58510. The description of the color of the flowers should be emended. They are described by Chodat as "albo-roseae", but are actually yellow when fresh and in full anthesis. In an older stage of maturity the flowers appear to lose their color and turn whitish as in Steyer- mark 58483. Lehmann's color notes were possibly taken from a dried herbarium specimen. The fully emended description of the flower should read "flores lutei vel albidi". Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukenan, between Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m., 58543. Not previously recorded in Venezuela from the Guayana section. Polygala adenophora DC. Southwest-facing slopes at Glycon swamp, alt. 1980 m., 59010; Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59112. Previously re- corded in Venezuela only from the region of Esmeralda. Polygala Fendleri Chodat. Savanna at base of Mount Roraima, bordering Rio Kukenan, alt. 975-1065 m., 58553; Emerald Swamp, southwest- facing slopes, alt. 1520 m., 58617; Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uadara-paru, in valley BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 945 of Rib Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59063. Sometimes given the vernacular name of "pari-ca-guac arisku." When Chodat described this species, the exact locality in Vene- zuela where P. Fendleri was collected was not known. Recent collections by the present author indicate that it is common in the Gran Sabana region bordering Mount Roraima as well as on the slopes of that mountain up to 1520 meters in the neighborhood of Emerald Swamp. This is undoubtedly the species collected by Connell & Quelch (no. 31) on the "upper slopes of Mount Roraima," distributed as P. glochidiata HBK., with which this species was formerly con- fused. The two species are distinct, as Chodat originally showed. A further difference between them is found in the color of the seeds; in P. Fendleri the seed coat is a dark or henna brown, while that in P. glochidiata is black. Due to the relatively fewer and more ap- pressed hairs of P. Fendleri, the dark or henna brown color of the seed coat is apparent to the naked eye, but in P. glochidiata the hairs are so much more numerous and more spreading that the seed to the naked eye appears masked by a grayish color and lacks the darker color of P. Fendleri. Another difference, brought to light by the recently collected Steyermark material, is that the lowermost whorl of leaves is much broader than any of the other leaves and the leaves in this lowest whorl are ovate- to lanceolate-elliptic, from 1.5-1.75 mm. wide. Polygala microspora Blake. Gran Sabana. in dry sandy upland, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59201. This is a very rare species, previously known only from the type locality in northern Brazil. The present collection, together with the one cited under lowland species of Duida, constitute the only ones at present known. Polygala monticola HBK. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rib Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59102. Polygala paniculata L. Gran Sabana, in valley of Rio Kukenan, at Kun, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59114. Polygala spectabilis DC. Gran Sabana, along quebrada between Kun and waterfall at Rue- meru (tributary of Rib Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59763. This very showy species has not previously been recorded from Venezuela. 946 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Polygala subtilis HBK. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59272. Previously recorded in Venezuela only from the region of the type locality near Esraeralda. Polygala Timoutou Aubl. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59098; Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065^ m., 59161; Gran Sabana, in dry sandy upland, between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraimaj alt. 1065 m., 59192; Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59270, 59295. The above cited series of specimens reveals considerable variation in flower color and height of stem, as well as degree of acuteness of the flower bracts. For example, in Steyermark 59098, 59161, and 59295 the flowers are greenish-white, the stems 10-25 cm. high, and the uppermost bracts acute and several mm. broad. On the other hand, in Steyermark 59192 and 59270 the flowers are dull rose- lavender and green, the stems are dwarfed and only 4-8 cm. high, and the uppermost bracts are very narrow and long-attenuate; this variation is the type referred by Chodat to his forma nana, based upon a Schom- burgk 395 collection from British Guiana. PTARI-TEPUl' Polygala adenophora DC. Sandy wet ground with Stegolepis and Brocchinia, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59366. Polygala appressa Benth. Savanna^ in vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60237a. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Polygala retifera Blake. MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agustin, alt. 900-950 m., 61792; open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61923. Securidaca scandens Jacq. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -- IV 947 way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m. , 62419; dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana', alt. 30 m., 62881. Sometimes called "rema" in this area. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Monnina aestnans (L.f.) DC. TACHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57414. This collection was determined by Dr. Ramon Ferreyra. The species has not been re- corded previously from Venezuela. Polygala glochidiata HBK. MERIDA: grassy flat slopes along escarpment of Rfo Chama, on terrace above Tabay, alt. 2440 m., 57051a. BOLIVAR: moist sandy openings along small stream in savanna, between Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carom', alt. 100 m., 57571. Not previously reported from the Andes of Venezuela or from the lower Caroni area. Polygala monticola HBK. MERIDA: dry grassy slopes between Beguilla and Mucuchachi', alt. 1065-2430 m., 56308. A PURE: savanna at airfield, Puerto Paez, alt. 200 m., 58537. Polygala subsecunda Blake. BOLIVAR: rocky savanna slopes between Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carom', alt. 100 m., 57609. This species has not been reported hitherto from Venezuela. DICHAPETALACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Dichapetalum pedunculatum (DC.) Baill. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60427. This collection was determined by Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Dichapetalum odoratum (Spruce) Baill. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62213. This species has been recorded previously in Venezuela from the region of Yavita in the Upper Orinoco. 948 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 EUPHORBIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Croton Spruceanus Benth. Along stream in forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57912. A Brazilian species, not previously recorded from Venezuela. RORAIMA Amanoa guianensis Aubl. Along wooded margin of Guara river, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59283. A species of the Guianas, not previously recorded from Venezuela. Croton matourensis Aubl. var. genuinus M. Arg. Gran Sabana, near Kun, in valley of Ri'o Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ra., 59104. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. This collection has the pistillate calyx lobes measuring 12-16 mm. long and 5-8 mm. wide; they are in the fruiting stage and late maturity. The original description of C. calycularis Huber, which is con- specific with C. Spruceanus, states that the pistillate calyx in anthesis is 7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, but a photograph of the type of C. calycularis shows them to measure 12 mm. long and 6 mm. wide in the fruiting condition. Croton subincanus M. Arg. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59052. Origi- nally described from British Guiana, this species has not been previously recorded from Venezuela. Hieronyma oblonga (Tul.) M. Arg. var. genuina M. Arg. Forested southwest- facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040- 2130 m., 58704; between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58961. This species has not been reported previ- ously from the Venezuelan Guayana. Mabea Schomburgkii Benth. Gran^ Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59237. A species known from French and British Guiana. Although the description of the species states that the number of stamens varies from thirty to thirty-five, BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 949 only twenty stamens are present in the collection cited. However, Lanjouw, in his treatment of the Euphorbiaceae in the Flora Surinam, gives the number of stamens as "c. 20-35," indicating that fewer stamens have been found by other authors than were originally stated. The ovary in no. 59237 is dorsally bimuricate. Croizat believes that certain collections made by Williams from the Medio Caura (no. 11343) may belong to this species (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 75: 406. 1948). If so, Williams' collection and that made by the present author are the only ones thus far recorded from Venezuela. Phyllanthus Niruri L. Dry sandy upland, Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-raeru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m. , 59169. Not previously recorded from the Venezuelan Guayana. PTARI-TEPUl' Adenophaedra grand if olia (Kl.) M. Arg. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60779. A species of the Guianas, this is apparently the second known collection, the original having been made by Schom- burgk (no. 594, 948) in the Roraima area of Venezuela. At the time of publication, the fruit of the species had not been known. Since the present collection has nearly mature fruit, it seems opportune to record it in an emended description of this species as follows: fruiting rachis densely fulvous-pubescent, 10-12 cm. long, with subappressed hairs; fruiting pedicels 7-9 mm. long, densely fulvous-pubescent with subappressed hairs; pistillate spike simple, the fruiting stalks distantly separated, 8-22 mm. apart; pistillate bracts ovate, subacute, densely fulvous-tomentose, 2-3 mm. long; pistillate sepals persistent in fruit, spreading, 2-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, appressed fulvous-pilose without; fruit (immature) capsular, of three divergent cocci 15 mm. in diameter, 6 mm. high, deeply 3-lobed, densely and finely canescent, each coccus 8 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, rounded on sides and end, carinate down middle, obovate; stipule triangular-aristate, 4-5 mm. long, the body ovate, the aristate part 2-3 mm. long. Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) M. Arg. var. parvifolia (Miq.) M. Arg. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60773. Known locally as "tusi-yek, " neither the species nor any of its varieties have been recorded previously from the Venezuelan Guayana. Alchornea cordata (Juss.) M. Arg. When Croizat published his Alchornea orinocensis (Journ. Am. Arb. 26: 191. 1945), he characterized the species by "the strictly 950 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 penninerved leaves, and the well-marked stipe llae at the anterior face of the blade near the insertion of the petiole, as well as the cicatricose glands along the midrib." After an examination of authen- tic material of this species, together with material of Alchornea cordata (Aparisthmium cordatum QussT] Baill.), it is noted that these same characters are present in all the material studied, and that there is no difference between them. It seems necessary, therefore, to include Alchornea orinocensis Croizat in the synonymy of Alchor- ne.a cordata, as was indicated as a possibility by Croizat himself (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 75: 403. 1948). Chaetocarpus stipularis Gleason. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui , alt. 1615 m., 60293; by fast water along Rio Karuai in savanna and shrubby growth, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60330. Sometimes known by the Indians of this region as "ya-ra-yu-yek. " Previously known in Venezuela only from Roraima. Croton matourensis Aubl. var. genuinus M. Arg. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60753. Known as "cusapoi-yek" to the Camarata Indians, this is a favorite tree employed in the making of curiares (dugout canoes) in situations that call for an immediate crossing of the river. In two to three hours a curiare, made from this tree, can be completed, and a rapid crossing of the river can thus be effected. Croton palanostigma Kl. Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60467. This species is known to the Camarata Indians of this region as "anonta-ba-yek." It has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Hieronyma oblonga (Tul.) M. Arg. var. genuina M. Arg. Densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59545; along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60462. Sometimes known as "cari-yau-ki-yu-yek, " this tree is often one of the common and domi- nant forest species on the south-facing slopes between 2100-2285 meters elevation. Small deer, called "locho," are said to be fond of the fallen fruit. A great variability occurs within the species as to the pubescence on the lower surface of the leaf and in the leaf texture. The var. genuina is described as having a leaf with a bicuspidate-acuminate apex and in having the midrib of the lower leaf surface densely BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA --IV 95 1 pubescent. However, one of the collections in the Ptari-tepui area had the midrib of the lower leaf surface quite glabrous. This glabrous form may be called Hieronyma oblonga var. genuina f. glabra Steyermark, forma nova. A typo differt costa media subtus lepidota sed non pilosa. Type in herb. Chi.^Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 28, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60686. Hieronyma oblonga var. obtusata M. Arg. Steep forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part, west of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59850; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60770. The differences in leaf apex between var. genuina, charac- terized by an acuminate-cuspidate apex, and var. obtusata or var. Blanchetiana, characterized by a shortly acute apex, appear to break down and are inconstant. The leaf texture is thicker in collections no. 59850 and 60770 (var. obtusata) and in no. 59545 (var. genuina) Mabea piriri Aubl. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60799. Known as "pandarai-yek" in this area, the determi- nation of this sterile specimen is doubtful. Mabea subsessilis Pax & K. Hoffm. Dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60633; woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1375-1460 m., 60816. Called "pandara-yek" in this region. This species is keyed out in sect. Apodae Pax & K. Hoffm. (p. 282- 283) next to M. crenulata, and is stated to possess ten stamens. Steyermark 60633 agrees in all respects with the characters possessed by M. subsessilis, except as regards the arrangement of the staminate panicle branches, concerning which there is some uncertainty. The arrangement of these in sect. Apodae is described as "flores o"secus rhachin in axilla bractearum ternati," but in Steyermark 60633 and several other collections of what would pass as good material of M. subsessilis these panicles are such that they would fit into the "paniculae ramuli <00 m., 62592. Apparently, /. Naiguatina Loes. is conspecific with this species. I cannot find any constant differences by which the two can be separated; the supposed differences in the apex of the leaves and the angle of the lateral nerves do not hold. Both entities have been BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 961 known previously only from the vicinity of Caracas. The present collection represents, therefore, a considerable extension eastward of distribution. Ilex vacciniifolia Kl. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex- tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven' along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62715. For dis- tributional notes, see section under Ptari-tepui'. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Ilex Kunthiana Tr. f. Funckii Loes. TXcHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 ra., 57384. An Andean species not previously recorded from Venezuela. Ilex laurina HBK. MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 ^ra., 56595. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama', 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57286. The vernacular name for no. 56595 is "jagua blanca. " When originally described by Humboldt & Bonpland (Nov. Gen. PL 7: 57.), no locality was indicated. In Loesener's monograph the habitat is given as "Habitat in America tropica, verisimiliter meri- dional: Humboldt et Bonpl!" "Obs. 2. Species verisimiliter in Ecuador vel Columbia vel Venezuela indigena." Our collections, cited above, appear to be the first recorded in a wild state and agree in all details with the description of the species and the plate (7, fig. 2, a and b) in Loesener's monograph. The very large coriaceous leaves with appressed-serrulate margins, the many-fascicled flowers, the lower leaf surface dnesely covered with darkish dots, are characteristic of the species. In no. 57286, cited above, there are conspicuously elongated semi-rigid bracts in fascicles or clusters at the base of the flower stalks and these are quite different from anything found in other species of the genus; in our specimen with flowers (no. 57286) the staminate flowers are also 4-merous as given in the description and the calyx lobes in the stami- nate flowers are undulate-denticulate. This species grows into a large tree, attaining 25 or more meters. Ilex obtusata (Turcz.) Tr. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57355. This rare species, known originally from the Province of Pamplona near La Baya, Colombia, on the basis of a collection by Funck & 962 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Schlim (no. 1387), is now recorded for the first time in Venezuela. Both the Venezuelan and the Colombian collection were obtained from nearly the same altitude (2500-2895 m. at the base of the P^aramo de Tama in Venezuela and 2600-2700 m. in the adjacent paramos of Colombia). Since neither the pistillate flowers nor fruits were known previously for this species, an emended description, based upon fruiting collec- tions in Venezuela, follows: Fruiting peduncles glabrous, 8-12 mm. long, 2 mm. thick; fruiting pedicels 3-4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous; inflorescence axillary, cymosely 3-flowered at the end of the peduncle; bracts very conspicu- ous, subopposite, large and divaricately spreading, 5-6 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, the margins upwardly turned, minutely ciliolate; calyx of fruiting specimen very large, the lobes 6, somewhat unequal, broadly sub- orbicular, rounded, entire, glabrous, minutely ciliolate on margins, 2.5-3 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; petals of fruiting specimen large, 5-5.5 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, broadly oblong; drupe (immature) 9-10 ram. wide, 8-9 mm. high, globose-pyriform. It is possible that when more material is available for study, /. pustules a, also from Colombia around the Bogota region, will prove to be conspecific with /. obtusata. However, the drupe in /. pus tolas a is supposed to be only 4 mm. wide and the pistillate flowers are 4- merous. If the two, however, are found to be conspecific, /. obtusata would become the accepted name because of the priority of publication date. CELASTRACEA^E PTARI-TEPUl' Maytenus guianensis Kl. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopa'n-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60785. Locally known as "peru-yek." The West Indian material identified and cited by Urban (Duss collections) has much larger fruit and different leaves from the M. guianensis of the Guianas. It is probably M. monticola Sandwith. Zinowiewia australis Lundell. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60580. This collection has been identified by Dr. A. C. Smith. In Venezuela this species has been known only from the vicinity of Caracas in the Cordillera de la Costa. A tree with light-colored bark, it is known to the Camarata Indians of this region as "ata-carama-yek." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 963 ' CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Maytenus guianensis Kl. MONAGAS:^ Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62193. See remarks for this species above under Ptari-tepui section. Maytenus Karstenii Reiss. AN ZO ATE GUI: South-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos); above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantm, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61608. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61956. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western exten- sion of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven' along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62731. Not previously reported as far east in Venezuela as the present collections in the Cordillera de la Costa. An examination of isotype material (Fendler 215) and of a photo- graph of the type of M. Fendleri Briq. reveals that it is conspecific with M. Karstenii and becomes a synonym of that species ( Maytenus Fendleri Briq. Ann. Conserv. et Jard. Bot. Geneve 20: 360. 1919). There is considerable variation in leaf shape and serration in this species. Maytenus tetragona Griseb. MONAGAS: open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61925. SUCRE: dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana', alt. 30 m. , 62882. Not previously recorded from this section of Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Perrottetia racemosa Karsten. ME'RIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56601. This species has not hitherto been reported from Venezuela. 964 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 HIPPOCRATEACEAE6^1 PTARI-TEPIM Peritassa pruinosa (Seem.) A. C. Sm. vel aff. Below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, in valley woods of Rio Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60918. Locally known as "curawei-yek," the stems of this vine are used as a rim for drums (tambores), because they do not snap or break like other wood. The cited specimen, in fruit, is puzzling in that it seems to fit exactly with neither P. pruinosa nor P. huanucana (Loes.) A. C. Sm., clearly its closest relatives. Neither of these species has otherwise been recorded from Venezuela, although three fruiting specimens from Amazonas (Alto Orinoco, between Taraatama and Esmeralda, L. Williams 15228 US ; Alto Casiquiare, Capihuara, L. Williams 15701 US, 15789 US) are provisionally referred to P. pruinosa. The Steyermark specimens are also very similar to Smith 2874 from British Guiana, which I referred with question to P. huanucana (in Brittonia 3: 522. 1940). Peritassa pruinosa is known with certainty only from Panama and northern Colombia, P. huanucana only from Amazonian and su ban dean Peru. Salacia macrantha A. C. Sm. Dense forest at base of cerro along Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60662. New to Venezuela; the cited specimen appears essentially identical with those I have cited (in Brittonia 3: 446. 1940) from Amazonian Peru and Colombia and adjacent Brazil. Another recent collection from Venezuela is: Amazonas: Alto Casiquiare, Capihuara, L. Williams 15763 (US). Salacia multiflora (Lam.) DC. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 ra., 60597; wooded slopes of Quebrada de O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60390. Previously known from the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil; new to Venezuela. The cited collections are identical with those from farther east. Tontelea ovalifolia (Miers) A. C. Smith Dense forest at base of cerro along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60626; same locality, 60627. To the Camarata Indians these high-climbing lianas are known respectively as "chiboi-yek" (no. 60626^ and "towari-yek" (no. 60627). 65 Hippocrateaceae by Albert C. Smith BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 965 New to Venezuela; previously (in Brittonia 3: 477. 1940) recorded from Amazonian Brazil and adjacent Colombia and British Guiana. The known localities closest to Steyermark's are the basin of the Rio Branco in northern Brazil and the Mazaruni basin in British Guiana. The Venezuelan specimens are from high-climbing lianas. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Hippocratea volubilis L. MONAGAS: between Montana de Aguacate and Colorado, along Rib Caripe, east of Caripe, alt. 700-800 m., 62236. Widespread in tropical America. Prionostemma aspera (Lam.) Miers. ANZO/TEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rib Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61507. Widespread in tropical America. ANDES A nth od on decussatum R. & P. ME'RIDA: between San Isidro Alto and Santa Cruz de Mora, alt. 760-1800 m., 56574. In discussing this species in my revision of the American Hippo- crateaceae, I cited only one specimen from Venezuela, the type collection of Salacia brevistaminea, from the Federal District (Brit- tonia 3: 421. 1940). In addition to the above-cited specimen from Me'rida, the species is also now known from the following Venezuelan collection: Territorio Federal Amazonas: El Raton, L. Williams 13189 (F, US). The range of the species is also known to extend into Colombia (cf. A. C. Smith in Jour. Arnold. Arb. 27: 87. 1946). STAPHYLEACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Torpinia heterophylla (R. & P.) Harms & Loes. ANZO/TEGUI: Quebrada Seca, between Fila Grande of Cerro Negro and Rio Maravilla above Cerro Vaquero, northeast of Los Chorros and El Cielo, east of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1100 m., 61532. MONAGAS: near summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1600 m., 62336. SUCRE: forest along northeast-facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trinidad and ridge connect- ing Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Tururaiquire), alt. 1300-1900 m., 62763. These stations in the Oriente represent a considerable extension of range eastward of the previous known range in Venezuela. 966 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ICACINACEAE PTARI-TEPuf Emmotum fulvum Howard. Lower south-facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60671. Locally known as "aporu-ban- yek," this species has been known previously only from Mount Roraima. ANDES Calatola venezuelana Pittier. TACHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57443. This collection is taken from a tree with staminate flowers. Since the staminate flowers of this species have never been described, an emended de- scription follows: flowers tetramerous; perianth lobes 4, ovate-elliptic to suborbicular-ovate, subacute at apex, 2.5 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide, scarcely pubescent with slender hairs along median line from base nearly to apex; stamens 4, subsessile, filaments scarcely developed, 0.3 mm. long, connective protruding, anthers 4-celled, turgid, 2 ram. long. SAPINDACEAE RORAIMA Cupania rubiginosa (Poir.) Radlk. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 59007. This specimen was col- lected from a tree growing in a scrubby forest near the edge of a taller forest. It was here exposed to the winds sweeping across the burnt- over open slopes. The leaves are quite reflexed and revolute, doubt- less a result of the exposed situation. Except for its larger leaves, the collection has the other characters belonging to this species. PTARI-TEPUl' Matayba opaca Radlk. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60300. This species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Paullinia arenicola Gleason. Dense forest at base of cerro along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60653. This species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 967 Paullinia Hitchcockii Gleaston vel aff. Sororopa'n-tepui', densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, alt. 2130-2250 m., 60167. This is a common liana in the area in which it was collected. Although previously known from British Guiana, it has not been hitherto reported from Venezuela. Paullinia pachycarpa Benth. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60392; lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60685. This is often a high-climbing liana with a slight milky latex in the stems. In Steyermark 60392 the lowest two pairs of leaves are ternate; in the typical condition only the lowest pair of leaves is ternate. The species is newly recorded for Venezuela. CERRO TURUMIOUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Allophylus occidentals f. mollis Radlk. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62366. The pubescent form has not been re- corded previously from Venezuela. Cupania americana L. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neverf, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61078. Not previ- ously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Known locally as "zapaterg," the fruit is said to be eaten by various animals; it is also boiled and the infusion drunk for the relief of a bad cold. The wood is considered useful as rafters and beams in houses. Cupania latifolia Kunth. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61483. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62355. Known as "zapatero, " this species has not been recorded previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Radlkofer distinguished C. semidentata from C. latifolia on the basis of the dentation of the leaves and the pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves, but these differences do not appear to hold true. Rusby & Squires 177, the type of C. semidentata, is in flowering condition, and appears conspecific with the collection of Rusby & Squires 60 from the same region (Lower Orinico, Sacupana) in fruiting condition, assigned by Radlkofer to C. latifolia. Without further characters by which the two species can be distinguished, it would seem necessary to combine them under the earliest name, C. latifolia. 968 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Dodonaea viscosa var. arborescens f. spatulata (Smith) Sherff. SUCRE: sand dunes and flats in valley of Bordones, southwest of Cumana', alt. 0-10 m., 62896. This collection has been identified by Dr. Earl E. Sherff. Matayba guianensis Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Ri'o Neveri', between Rio Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, ^alt. 800-1200 m., 61390. MONAGAS: bordering valley of San Agustin, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1000-1100 m., 61793. Not previously reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Steyermark 61793 has as many as 14 leaflets; Radlkofer gives the number of leaflets for this species as 2-12. Steyermark 62390 was collected with the local name of "para-para." The tree has several uses. The outer part of the fruit is made up into a soapy lather for washing purposes. The fruit is considered poison- ous and, if eaten, is said to make a person mentally unbalanced. Children use the seeds in playing games, and for Good Friday es- pecially the seeds are used in spinning the top (trompo). The bark is employed for cuts and wounds; it is scratched until whitish and placed with "aceite de castilla" over the cut portion. Matayba longipes Radlk. ANZOA'TEGU!: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rio Never/, between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61455; headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1400 m., 61732. The latter collection was given the vernacular name, "huesito bianco." The leaves vary in shape from narrowly oblong-elliptic in no. 61 732 to broadly elliptic-oblong in no. 61455. The stipe of the capsule also varies: in no. 61732 it is only 8-10 mm. long, equaling to slightly longer than the capsule; no. 61455, likewise, has short stipes. Ex- cept for these differences, the collections agree in all other essentials with M. longipes. Matayba tovarensis Radlk. ANZOATEGUI: on steep slopes along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 6/333. Known locally as "carne salado," this species like the pre- ceding (M. longipes) has been known hitherto only from the vicinity of Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua; the present collections represent a considerable eastward extension of range for both species. It is very doubtful whether M. tovarensis can be maintained as distinct from M. longipes. The only apparent difference between them is in the shape of the leaflet and its abrupt constriction into the BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 969 petiole. Matayba tovarensis seems at most to be a minor leaf variation of M. longipes, and probably should be merged with that species, which has page priority. Serjania mexicana (L.) Willd. MO NAG AS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 67939. Serjania paniculata Kunth. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Ru> Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61490. MONAGAS: edge of cafetal, below limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1000 m., 61876. This high-climbing vine has not been reported previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Serjania paucidentata DC. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62373. Known locally as "rabo de iguana," this species has not been reported hitherto from the Oriente section of Venezuela. Toulicia megalocarpa (Turcz.) Radlk. ANZOATEGUI: headwaters of Ri'o Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900- 1400 m. , 61718. Known locally as "para-para." This is apparently the second known collection of the species, the first having been made in 1846 by Funck & Schlim (no. 143, upon which the type was based). It is an easily recognized species, well- marked by the petiolate leaflets finely reticulate on both sides, and by the peduncle of the rachis provided with subcircular prominent lenticels on the newly formed twigs. The original description needs emending as follows: a) from "frutex (Funck & Schlim)" described by Radlkofer, the present collection from a tree nearly 22 meters tall necessitates a change to "vel arbor ad 22-metralis"; b) the leaflets, described as "3-5-juga," are "ad 6-juga" in the present collection; c) the fruit in the present collection necessitates an emendation to "5 cm. long." ANDES Paullinia venezuelana Radlk. MERIDAi forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1310-1340 m., 56079. With some hesitation the present collection is referred to this species, because the mature fruits and seeds are larger than given in the original description. However, this discrepancy may be due to the 970 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 situation that Radlkofer's description was based upon only one fruit- ing specimen, which may have been immature. In the present collec- tion no. 56079 the mature fruit measures 3.5-4 mm. long and 3 cm. wide, as opposed to the measurements of 2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide given by Radlkofer. Moreover, the seeds in the present collection are up to 14 mm. long and 10 mm. wide as against 10 mm. long and 7 mm. wide for the specimen described by Radlkofer. SABIACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Meliosma Herbert!! Rolfe. MONAGAS: ^Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m. , 62207. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Meliosma meridensis Lasser. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Ri'o Neveri', between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61436. This species has been collected previously from the Andes of Merida, where the type collection was obtained. ANDES Meliosma cf. dentata (Liebm.) Urb. LARA: between Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55532. Unfortunately, this collection is sterile. It is most closely related to M. dentata of Mexico and Central America, but instead of the spreading type of pubescence found on the petioles, young branches and midrib of the lower leaf surface of that species, the present col- lection has an appressed-strigose type of pubescence present on these parts. RHAMNACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Rhanmus surinamensis Scop. Sororopan-tepui, wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Sal to de Iwaracaru-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60198. There is some doubt about the determination of this specimen. The species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 971 Rhamnus Ulei Pilger. Between "Cave Camp" and Bonnetia forest, on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1800-2000 m., 59726; rich woods on south- facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just west of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800 m., 59822; summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2500 m., 60893. This species has been known in Venezuela hitherto from Mount Roraima. It is possible that this species may eventually be found conspecific with R. surinamensis. However, the latter was described as apetal- ous, whereas the present one possesses small, broadly ovate-reniform petals which are shortly and obtusely bilobate. Both species have 5-merous flowers. Without an examination of authentic material of R. surinamensis it has not been possible to state with more certainty whether R. surinamensis was incorrectly described as being "apetal- ous," or whether it is actually distinct from R. Ulei. Without further refutable evidence to the contrary, R. Ulei is retained for the present as a distinct species. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Rhamnus pubescens var. glabrescens O. Ktze. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrub- by portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61590. SUCRE: Cerro Turumi- quire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sand- stone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62580; Cerro Turumiquire, between La Trinidad and headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 1300-1800 m. , 62692. In Venezuela this species has not been recorded outside of the Andes. The variety has not previously been recorded for the country. Colnbrina Pittieriana Steyermark, nom. nov. Colubrina venezuelensis Steyermark, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 355. December, 1952, not Colubrina venezuelensis (Suesseng. & Overkott) Cowan, Brittonia 7: 405. October, 1952. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Rhamnus Goudotiana Tr. & PI. TACHIRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57208. This species, known from Colombia, has not been hitherto reported from Venezuela. The collection cited above has the tips of most of the leaves acute to subacuminate, whereas on most of the Colombian specimens ex- amined, including a photograph and fragment of the type of R. Goudo- 972 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 tiana, the tips of the leaves are mostly obtuse or subacute. However, since a few of the leaves shown in the photograph of the type actually show acuminate tips on the same branch as those having subobtuse tips, it would seem better to allow for this type of variation within the typical form of the species. With respect to its more slenderly pointed leaves, the Steyermark collection above cited resembles the slender apices of the leaves of R. Lindeniana Tr. & PI. With additional collections in the future, it may be necessary to unite R. Lindeniana with R. Goudotiana, but at present R. Lindeniana may be retained as distinct on the basis of its longer petioles and pedicels and different form of the leaf-blade. Rhamnus Lindeniana Tr. & PI. This species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezo- lana. It should be added, therefore, to that work (vol. 2, p. Ill) as a species collected by Linden (no. 1449) from the Andean state of Trujillo. See notes above under R. Goudotiana. Zizyphus cinnamomum Tr. & PI. Triana & Planchon (Ann. Sci. Nat. Hot. 16: 380. 1872) described Zizyphus cinnamomum, based upon Linden 1548 from Puerto Cabello, state of Carabobo and Funck 794 from Valencia, state of Carabobo. From an examination of the type specimen, it is obvious that Z. melastomoides Pittier (Bol. Cient. y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. 1: 60. 1926) is synonymous with the earlier described Z. cinnamomum. Zizyphas Saeri Pittier. In 1926 Pittier described Zizyphus Saeri (Bol. Cient. y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. 1: 61), based upon Saer 73 from the state of Lara in Venezuela. In 1932 Standley described Z. angelito (Trop. Woods 32: 20) based upon Dugand 33 from Colombia. Examination of type mate- rial of the two species leaves little doubt that they are conspecific, leaving Standley 's name to be reduced to synonymy under Z. Saeri. Zizyphus Saeri is closely related to the Brazilian Z. cotinifolia Reiss., as pointed out by Pittier. To the differences already men- tioned, there may be added another, i.e., the peduncles, pedicels, and calyx in Z. cotinifolia are densely pilosulous or tomentulose without, while in Z. Saeri the peduncles and pedicels are slightly appressed- puberulent or sparsely puberulous, and the calyx is sparsely puberu- lent without. MALVACEAE RORAIMA Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. Gran Sabana, by streamlet between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59278. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 973 Pavonia speciosa HBK. Dry sandy upland of Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukena'n north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59213. Pavonia speciosa subsp. genuina var. Hostmanni (Miq.) Gurcke. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59149. Sida linifolia Cav. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduaru-paru', bordering Rio Kuke- nan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59054. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Malachra alceifolia Jacq. MONAGAS: dry open thickets in cut-over land, between Institute Biblico at Las Delicias and Caripe, along Rio Caripe in valley of Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62139. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Abutilon umbelliflorum St. Hil. MERIDA: rocky dry slopes along Rio Chama, between Lagunillas and Estanques, alt. 855 ra., 57057. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Bombax Jenmani Oliver. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, along rocky stream bed of Ka-hua-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Rorai- ma, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59042. Recorded previously in Venezuela from the region of Auyan-tepui. PTARI-TEPllf Bombax Jenmani Oliver. Salto vde Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60204; by fast water of Rio Karuai, in shrubby growth border- ing forest, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari- tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60331. Known by the Camarata Indians of this area as "asare-yek" or "asade-yek. " The cottony contents of the fruit are used by the Indians of this region for their darts used in their blow-guns. The cotton, when attached to the darts, enables the darts to be blown a greater distance. 974 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Bombacopsis mucronulata Pittier. MONAGAS: dwarf forest on exposed ridge of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100 m., 61 891. Bombacopsis pachiroides Pittier. ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Never/, between Rio Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1000 m., 61382. Ochroma Lagopus Sw. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61053. Not previ- ously recorded from the Oriente section of Venezuela, where it is known by the local inhabitants as "tacarigua. " The wood is used by them for corks and floats for fish-lines; the cottony inside of the fruit is employed as a stuffing in mattresses ANDES Matisia samariensis Cuatr. f TACHIRA: rich woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57264. Known locally as "guaymaro," this Colombian species has not previously been recorded in Venezuela. It is a tree 25 meters tall, conspicuous because of its horizontal branches which end with leafy tips. STERCULIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Melochia graminifolia St. Hil. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, alt. 100 m., 58476a. RORAIMA Buettneria jaculifolia Pohl. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59276. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA IV 975 PTARI-TEPuf Herrania lemniscata (Schomb.) Schultes. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-rna', tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60558. Locally known as "awari-vacaban-yek. " The fruit is sweet and edible. Previously known in Venezuela only from the Salto de Para', Medio Caura, in the state of Bolivar. Otherwise known only from British Guiana. Sterculia excelsa Mart. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepui and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60605; low woods of lower south-facing slopes, between Rio Karuai and first ridge of Ptari-tepui above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60678. The vernacular Indian name for this tree is "prebok-yek." The bark is used for tying purposes and as head bands or straps for carrying objects. This is a species of Brazil and the Guianas previously known in Venezuela from the Lower Caura area in the vicinity of El Tigre, state of Bolivar. Sterculia pruriens (Aubl.) Schum. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60560. The vernacular name and uses of this species are similar to those of the preceding. This collection was given the name of "prepo-yek," and the bark serves for tying purposes and for carrying cargoes suspended from the head band. For such purposes it is strong, but is wet and sticky, and therefore not considered as good as some of the members of the Annonaceae whose bark dries rapidly and lasts longer. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Melochia caracasana Jacq. Mougeotia caracasana (Jacq.) HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 329. 1821; Melochia macrophylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 324. 1821 SUCRE: rocky limestone, steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Ri'o Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62413. After a study of M. caracasana and M. macrophylla HBK., I have not been able to find any differences between the two. As M. macrophylla was published later, M. caracasana must stand as the correct binomial. Sterculia pruriens (Aubl.) Schum. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62278, 62279. Known as "majaguilla" in this area, the bark is used for tying purposes. 976 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 DILLENIACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Da villa aspera (Aubl.) Benoist. Scrubby forest bordering woods by waterfall of Salto de Irabanaima along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60698. Known by the Indian name "castaway-yek" or the Spanish "chaparrillo," the stems of this sprawling liana contain water that can be drunk when one is thirsty. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl. ANZoATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 60992. Known as "chaparro" in this region, it has not been recorded previously from the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Like Davilla aspera, this liana yields drinkable water. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Saurauia excelsa Willd. DISTRITO FEDERAL: rich woods, east of El Junquito, alt. 1980- 2130 m., 57028. Saurauia pycnotricha Turcz., S. xanthotricha Turcz., and S. excelsa— all come from the vicinity of Caracas; all have abun- dant spreading setose trichomes on the peduncles and pedicels, and large setae on the calyx lobes. I am unable to distinguish any dif- ferences between them and believe they should be treated as one taxon, S. excelsa Willd. Saurauia floccifera Tr. & PI. TA'CHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramo'n and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57460. This is a Colom- bian species not hitherto reported from Venezuela. Saurauia Schlimii Sprague vel aff. TACHIRA: between Villapaez and Betania, along Rio Tachira, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2130-2285 m., 57161. Known as "babosa," the fruit is edible. This is a Colombian species which has not hitherto been reported from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 977 OCHNACEAE RORAIMA Poecilandra retusa Tul. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of R/o Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59068; between Kun and waterfall of Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59135. PTARI-TEPUf Ouratea Tatei Gleason. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60711. The vernacular Indian name in this region is "peru"yek." The type collection (Tate 220 from Roraima) shows a fully de- veloped inflorescence. However, preceding anthesis, as shown by Steyermark 60711, this species has conspicuous bracts subtending each pedicel; these fall off quickly at anthesis. Poecilandra retusa Tul. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m. , 59675; vicinity of Sal to de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60516. The vernacular name given for the latter collection is ' ' konopi-chau-lay-yek . ' ' This species was originally described as having 5 outer and 5 inner staminodia, but an isotype (Schomburgk 569) preserved in the Chicago Natural History Museum Herbarium actually has 10 or more outer and 10 or more inner staminodia. Furthermore, examination of recently collected fresh material (Steyermark 59675, for example) shows 15 inner and 15 outer staminodia. The description should, therefore, be emended as follows: outer staminodia usually 10-15; inner staminodia usually 10-15. Poecilandra sclerophylla Ule. Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2200 m., 59795; on densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405, 59581. Sauvagesia amoena Ule. Sandy wet meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59352. 978 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Sauvagesia deficiens A. C. Smith. Sororopan-tepui, open slopes on top at west end, alt. 2255 ra., 60060. Sauvagesia longifolia Eichl. Vicinity of Sal to de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 ra., 60515. Sauvagesia Sprengelii St. Hil. Dry sandy ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59348; along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari- tepui and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1220 ra., 60740. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Sauvagesia Sprengelii St. Hil. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61810; vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62280. CARYOCARACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Caryocar glabrum (Aubl.) Pers. Southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., 59999, 60003. This giant forest tree may attain over 30 meters in height. Not previously reported from the more elevated section of the Venezuelan Guayana. MARCGRAVIACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Marcgravia roraimae Gilg & Werderm. South-facing densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 ra., 59446. Previously recorded in Venezuela only from the base of Mount Roraima. Norantea anomala HBK. Bordering swamp on rocky boulder in open level portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1600 m., 59652; south- eastern portion of base of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1460- l6l 5 m., 60853. The above-cited collections have firmer leaves with a broader more obovate shape, the apex more broadly rounded instead of acute, and BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 979 the nerves on the lower leaf surface more pronounced and more closely ascending than in typical N. anomala, in which the nerves are more divaricately spreading and less prominent on the lower surface. Souroubea guianensis Aubl. Edge of steep woods along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kava- nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60454. The vernacular Indian name is "pir-boi-yek." CERRO TURUMIQUJRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Souroubea guianensis Aubl. ANZoATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Ru> Neveri', northeast of Bergantm, alt. 500 m., 61000. The ver- nacular name in this area is "bejuco de cuspa." The cut stems yield good water for drinking purposes. This species has not been reported previously from the Venezuelan Oriente. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Marcgravia trianae Baill. ME'RIDA: rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2745 m., 56020. This epiphytic vine was found here twining around a Cinchona tree. The species has been recorded in Venezuela previously only from the vicinity of Caracas. Ruyschia tremadena (Ernst) Lundell. Lundell has shown (Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 6: 47. 1941) that Caracas ia (Vargas ia) cannot be maintained as a genus separate from Ruyschia, the number of stamens scarcely to be regarded as a generic character of importance. I am in entire accord with this view. More- over, the two species of Caracas ia (Vargas ia), i.e., C. tremadena (Ernst) Szysz. and C. viridiflora (Ernst) Szysz. , are held apart by the supposed differences of the pointed or blunt apex and the rounded or heart-shaped base of the leaf-blade, characters which are not sharply defined in the specimens I have examined. Accordingly, it is believed that the interests of taxonomy are served best in this case by combin- ing both species under Caracas ia tremadena and including Ruyschia viridiflora as a synonym of R. tremadena. QUIINACEAE D^IDA LOWLAND SPECIES Quiina pteridophylla (Radlk.) Pires. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Carlo Iguapo), alt. 305 m., 57951. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. 980 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Touroulia guianensis Aubl. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 57911. The genus and species have not been previously recorded from Venezuela. THEACEAE66 The records and distribution of this family have already been in- cluded in Dr. Kobu ski's excellent monographs. There are given here only those citations which are additions to the known flora of Duida, Roraima, the Venezuelan Andes, as well as citations of the flora of Ptari-tepul and Cerro Turumiquire. DUIDA SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Ternstroemia crass if olia Benth. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1200 m., 58307. PTARI-TEPllf Archytaea multiflora Benth. Southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m. , 59969; margin of swamp, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepof alt. 1615 m., 60241. Ronnetia paniculata Spruce ex Benth. Gran Sabana, in steep woods bordering savanna between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59379; upper drier portion of forest below mesa on slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60356. The vernacular Indian name in this area for the species is "tari-yek." Bonnetia roraimae Oliver. Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2000- 2200 m., 59728; bordering Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Hcliamphora swamp^ on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 2200 m., 59791; Sororopan-tepui^ along streamlet on crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m. , 60144; summit of Carrao-tepm', alt. 2500 m., 60886. 66Theaceae by Clarence E. Kobuski and Julian A. Steyermark BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 981 Bonnetia sessilis Bench. Gran Sabana, dry sandy and rocky open thickets, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59340; savanna, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui , alt. 1615 m., 60232; rocky savanna bordering Rio Karuai, between La Laja and Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60821. For the last cited col- lection the vernacular Indian name of "conopi-chau-rei-yek" was given. This is one of the common and dominant species on the large mesa, bordering Kavanayen and on the exposed shoulders of Ptari- tepui'. Ternstroemia hrevistyla Kob. Scrubby forest bordering woods by waterfall of Salto de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60699. Previously known only from Auyan-tepui. The vernacular name of "poyde-yek" was given for this collection. Ternstroemia camelliaefolia Lind. & Planch. Scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59626. Previously known in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Ternstroemia distyla Kob. Scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59635; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp,'* on mesa between Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui", alt. 1615 m., 60281. Previously known only from Auyan-tepui'. Ternstroemia pungens Gleason. Scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59627. Previously cited only from Mount Duida. Ternstroemia verticillata Kl. ex Wawra. Sororopan-tepui', crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60150; summit of Carrao-tepui", alt. 2500 m. , 60894. Not previously cited for Venezuela; known in British and Dutch Guiana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Freziera candicans Tul. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky, exposed, shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 1800-2000 ra., 61587. An extension eastward in the Cordillera de la Costa. 982 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Laplacea fruticosa (Schrader) Kob. AN Z GATE GUI: on ridge top along Rio Zurabador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1300 m., 61344. SUCRE: forest along northeast- facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trinidad and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumi quire), alt. 1300-1900 m., 62756. Sometimes known as "lagunero." The wood is esteemed for its good quality. ANDES Freziera nervosa H. & B. TA'CHIRA: thickets along quebrada, above Betania, at base of Pa'ramo de Tama, alt. 2285-2430 m., 57275. Not previously recorded from Venezuela; known from Colombia. Freziera sericea Humb. & Bonpl. r p MERIDA: dwarf woods below paramo above San Isidro Alto, alt. 1820 m., 56555. Not previously cited from the Venezuelan Andes. Freziera subintegrifolia (Rusby) Kob. TA'CHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramo'n and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57439. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Laplacea fruticosa (Schrader) Kob. MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56641. The vernacular name given for this collection was "quindu lasso" and "quindu tambor." Laplacea fruticosa var. symplocoides (Tr. & PI.) Kob. MERIDA: dwarf cool forest between El Molino and ridge above San Isidro Alto, alt. 2430-2895 m., 56520. Laplacea pubescens var. camelliaefolia (Tr. & PI.) Kob. TACHIRA: between Paraguita and Tabor, along Rio Ta'chira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-1980 m., 57151; between Villapaez and Betania, along Rio Tachira, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2130-2285 m., 57163; woods above Betania below Pa'ramo de Tama', alt. 2530 m., 57436. Collection no. 57163 was given the vernacular name of "lampacillo; the wood is considered to be of good quality. Ternstroemia meridionalis Mutis. TACHIRA: rich, moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. abo^ve Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57324. MERIDA: dwarf woods below paramo above San Isidro Alto, alt. 1820 m., 56553. A Colombian species not previously reported from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 983 GUTTIFERAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Tovomita Schomburgkii PI. & Tr. Southeastern-facing forested sandstone slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260-610 m., 58054. A species of Amazonian Brazil and British Guiana, not previously recorded from Venezuela. RORAIMA Vismia falcata Rusby. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59091, 59099. Clusia Schomburgkiana (PI. & Tr.) Benth. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59206. The description was based on staminate material. The present collection is from a pistil- late specimen. I am referring the above-cited collection to this species, although the original description calls for an inflorescence which is "multiflora," whereas in the present collection the inflo- rescence is 3-flowered. PTARI-TEPUl' Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepui' and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60603. The vernacular Indian name for this collection is "epunok-yek." Caraipa iaxiflora Benth. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepui and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60602. Known as "parik- yek" in this area. Caraipa tereticaulis Tulasne. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopa'n-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60269; common in upper part of Que- brada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1000 m., 60527; on margin of steep woods bordering savanna of Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 984 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 59376. This species of British Guiana has not been reported previ- ously from Venezuela. Vernacular names given for these collections are "won-da-yek" and "parik-yek." Clusia columnaris Engler. Southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1585-1600 m., 59992. Known as "tari-yek," this is one of the dominant forest trees of the lesse'r or understorey. The flowers have a faint cockroach-like odor. Clusia crass if olia PI. & Tr. On forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810, 59508. Known from British Guiana and the vicinity of Mount Roraima. Clusia Melchiori Gleason. Along base of south-facing high sandstone Jbluffs, alt. 2410 m., 59903; lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1750 m., 60857. Maguire recently has • amplified the description of the staminate flowers of this species (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 75: 422. 1948). As the dimensions of the pistillate flowers have not been recorded previously, they may be given here on the basis of measurements and studies of Steyermark 59903: petals 4, oval-oblong, obtuse to rounded at apex, slightly thickened at the base in the middle, otherwise membranous, 6 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, "greenish-yellow-creamy"; stigmas "white"; ovary "pale green"; calyx "rich green"; aril of fruit "orange." Clusia nemorosa G.F.W.Mey. var. Lhotzkyana (Schlecht.) Engler. Scrubby forest bordering woods by waterfall of Salto^de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60701. The vernacular Indian name for this collection is "tan-yek." Clusia sessilis (Klotzsch) Engler. On densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59583; southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585- 1600 m., 60001. The latter collection was given the vernacular Indian name of "luta-yek." The measurements of the flower in no. 59583 are larger (5 cm. long) than given in the description of the species. Clusia viscida Engler. Crest of cerro between east and west end, Sororopan-tepm, alt. 2255 m., 60151. Not previously recorded for Venezuela. The staminate flower found in the above-cited collection has the following data: sepals 4, differentiated on the outside, broadly sub- orbicular, 10-12 mm. long, 11-12 mm. wide; petals 9, subcoriaceous, 23 mm. long, 15 mm. wide above; stamens numerous, the flower with- out any stigmatic knob or central portion, the stamens close to one I BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 985 another, 6.5 mm. long (anther 4 mm. long, filament 2.5 mm. long), slightly coalesced at base. Havetiopsis flavida (Benth.) PI. & Tr. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui , alt. 1220 m., 60747. The vernacular Indian name given is "tan-yek." Mahurea exstipulata Benth. Thickets along stream on rocky mesa between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60452. Known by the Camarata Indians here as "kopo-ri-wa-rei-yek." Symphonia globulifera L.f. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60259; lower portion of Quebrada O-paru- ma', tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60549. The vernacular name used by the Camarata Indians for this species is "poi-noi-yek." The yellow resin from the bark serves as a gum or mucilage for pasting or sticking objects together. Tovomita ohovata Engler. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60755. The vernacular Indian name for this collection is "wacami-yek." This species was described by Engler from staminate flowering material. The present collection, consisting of pistillate flowers, differs from the staminate flowers in having shorter sepals, petals, and filaments, and in the much shorter inflorescence. The data for the pistillate flowers is as follows: sepals 4, decussate, differentiated into the inner thinner broadly oblong, rounded, 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the outer firmer and subcoriaceous, ovate-oblong, cucullate, rounded but narrowed at apex, 7 mm. long 5 mm. broad; petals 5, creamy-white, broadly oblong-rhomboid or trapezoid, 9 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad; staminodes numerous; stigmas 5, discoid; young fruit ovoid. Tovomita umbellata Benth. Wooded^ slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, bejtween Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m. , 60422. Known by the Camarata Indians of this region as "guacamia," the roots and aerial branches of this epiphytic shrub are used for bows. Vistula cayennensis (Jacq.) Pers. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen' and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 986 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 m., 60423. The vernacular name of this species is "minchu-warei-yek." Dr. Joseph Ewan has determined my collections of the genus Vismia. Vismia falcata Rusby. Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60481; along Rio Karuai, northwest of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60827. The vernacular name of this species, like the preceding, is "minchu-warei-yek." Vismia macrophylla HBK. Wooded^ slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio JPacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60434; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui^ west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60784. The vernacular name is "minchu-warei-yek." CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Clusia alata PI. & Tr. ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Never/, between Rio Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 61356; Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61418. MONAGAS: south-facing forested slopes above limestone bluffs, northeast of Gua'charo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 61988. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Clusia eugenioides PI. & Tr. along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neven, between Rio Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 61357; Quebrada Seca, between Fila Grande of Cerro Negro and Rio Maravilla above Cerro Vaquero, north- east of Los Chorros and El Cielo, east of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1100 m., 61530, 61531. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Clusia rosea L. ANZOA'TEGU!: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tributary to Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61071. An extension eastward over its previous range in the Cordillera de la Costa. Known as "copei," the resin of the bark is locally used to treat body aches and pains. Havetiopsis flavida (Benth.) PI. & Tr. ANZOA'TEGU!: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m. , 61156. Locally known as "copeicillo," this epiphytic shrub has not previously been re- corded from the Cordillera de la Costa. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 987 Hypericum caracasanum Willd. ANZOXTEGUI: in dried sphagnum bog on wooded summit of Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos)^ above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Ru> Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61667. An extension eastward of its previous known range in Venezuela. Hypericum uliginosum HBK. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between La Trinidad and headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 1300-1800 m., 62690. Rheedia Madruno PL & Tr. var. ovata Pittier. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62827. Local name: "naranjillo." Tovomita cephalostigma Vesque. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62187. This species of the Guianas has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Vismia dealbata HBK. ANZOA'TEGUI:^ Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61394. Not previously reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Local name: "lacre." Vismia lauriformis (Lam.) Choisy. ANZoXrEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Ri'o Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61234. Not previously re- ported from the Cordillera de la Costa. The only cited record for Venezuela is a collection of Williams (13064) from the Upper Orinoco. Known as "lacre," the wood serves for posts and rafters. Vismia Lindeniana Dene. ANZO/TEGUI: Quebrada Seca, between Fila Grande of Cerro Negro and Ri'o Maravilla above Cerro Vaquero, northeast of Los Chorros and El Cielo, east of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1100 m., 67528. MONAGAS: forested summit of mountain on property of Pedro Pablo Centeno, southwest of Caripe, alt. 1300-1350 m., 61975. Local name: "lacre." ANDES Chrysochlamys dependens PI. & Tr. MERIDA: above Canagua, along Rio Canagua between Rio Arriba and hacienda of Vicente Garcia, alt. 1615-1925 m., 56363. TACHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramon and Las 988 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57444. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Hypericum Cardonae Cuatr. TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below paramo and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55348. Previously known in Venezuela only from the Pa'rarno de Tama' in die state of Tachira. The original description needs emending on the basis of new measurements taken from the present collection: leaves vary from 8-16 mm. long, 4-7 mm. wide; sepals 6-10 mm. long, 1.5-6 mm. wide. Hypericum Jahnii Keller. ME RID A: between La Cumbre, San Jose', and Mucutuy, alt. 1820- 2590 m., 56258. The present collection has 3 instead of 4 styles. Hypericum lancioides Cuatr. TACHIRA: rich, moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama', 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 ra., 57334. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. It is known from Colombia, where originally described. The present collection has somewhat longer styles and shorter sepals than typical H. lancioides. Hyper ic urn laricoides Gleason. LARA: dry pa'ramo of Paramo de las Rosas, above Buenos Aires, alt. 3200 m., 55501. MERIDA: paramo along upper headwaters of Rio Tormero, below El Aguila and above Chachopo, alt. 3650-3965 m., 55664. Steyermark 55501 was given the name of "dictamo matico"; it is considered to be good forage for cattle. A liquor made from the crude plant and steeped in a bottle is kept on hand for treating cuts and sores; the dried pulverized leaves are likewise placed over cuts and sores for their reputed healing properties. Hypericum magniflorum Cuatr. TA'CHIRA: limestone outcrops of Pa'ramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57378. This species, origi- nally described from Colombia, is here reported for die first time in Venezuela. Hypericum tamanum Cuatr. TACHIRA: rich, moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama', 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57302. A Colombian species, described originally from the Colombian side of the Paramo de Tama, the present collection is new to Venezuela. Tovomitopsis cuneata PI. & Lind. TACHIRA: rich, steep, wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramon and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 m., 57457. This genus and species have not previously been reported for Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 989 COCHLOSPERMACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Cochlospermum orinocense (HBK.) Steud. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62844. Not previously reported from the Cordillera de la Costa. Local name: "carne stolenda." The bark has properties of toughness used for tying and carrying cargoes. VIOLACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Rinorea flavescens (Aubl.) Kuntze. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57790. A species of the Guianas, Brazil, and Peru; not previously reported from Venezuela. Rinorea pubiflora (Benth.) Sprague & Sandw. Forest near Base River (Canb Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 57917. This species has not been recorded previ- ously from Venezuela. It is known from the Guianas, Colombia, Brazil, and Peru. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Rinorea melanodonta Blake. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62834. Previously recorded from the Isla Margarita, but the present collection is the first cited from the mainland in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Viola lanceolata L. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex- tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62708. This species has previously been known in Venezuela only from the vicinity of Colonia de Tovar in the state of Aragua and around El Junquito in the Distrito Federal. This new station extends its present known range in Venezuela eastward a considerable distance. It is remarkable to find this species, common in the eastern and southern United States, isolated in several parts of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. 990 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Hybanthus attenuatus (H. & B.) G. K. Schulze. MERIDA: between "La Isla" and Tabay, alt. 2285 m., 56658. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. A collec- tion by Moritz 479 from Valencia, in the state of Carabobo, may also be referred to this species. Viola scandens Willd. MERIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210^ m., 55755; Cuesta de Rincon and Cuesta del Barro, between Canagua and La Quebrada, on road to El Molino, alt. 1925-2715 m., 56456; dwarf cool forest between El Molino and ridge above San Isidro, alt. 2430-2895 m., 56537. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Pa'ramo de Tama', 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57291a. This species often climbs or clambers over vegetation adjacent to it, often also hanging in long strands over banks or sprawling in loose masses. Probably V. Nelsoni Beck., cited in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene- zolana, 2: 163, is conspecific with V. scandens. Viola stipularis Sw. ME'RIDA: in field at Los Corales, alt. 3210 m., 55740. This spe- cies was cited in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana 2: 163, with- out definite locality. FLACOURTIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Casearia negrensis Eichl. Esmeralda, Williams 15470; Capihuara, Williams 15594. Casearia Spruceana Benth. San Carlos, Williams 14724; Delta de Ventuari, Williams 14996. RORAIMA Casearia inaequilatera Camb. Gran^ Sabana, between Kun and Uaduaru-paru', in valley of Rio Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59089. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Casearia celastroides Kl. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60506. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 991 This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. It is known from Colombia and British Guiana. Casearia grandiflora St. Hil. Wooded^ slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60393; woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1375-1460 m., 60805. The vernacular name sometimes given in this region is "cumara-yu-yek." Casearia sylvestris Sw. Dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui^ along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60634. Euceraea nitida Mart. Margin of steep woods bordering savanna, on large mesa, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59377; low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59472; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopa'n-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60258; savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1220 m., 60346. This genus was not recorded in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezo- lana, and the above-cited specimens are the first to be recorded for Venezuela. It had been known previously in British and Dutch Guiana, and Amazonian Brazil. An isolated genus in the family, Euceraea is most closely related to the African monotypic genera Stapfiella of Central Africa and Ophiobotrys of the Cameroons. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Casearia aculeata Jacq. SUCRE: rocky limestone, steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62410; south- ern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62822. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Casearia celastroides Kl. ANZOA'TEGU!: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantm, alt. 500m., 61509. Casearia decandra Jacq. SUCRE: rocky limestone, steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- 992 FffiLDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62405. Known as "pecho de paloma" in this region. Casearia grand! flora St. Hil. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Ri'o Leon, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 600-800 m., 61251. Known in this region as "barro negro," the straight trunk of this tree, unbranched for the most part in the lower two-thirds, yields wood esteemed for con- struction purposes. Casearia rr.ariquitensis HBK. SUCRE: rocky dry thickets, above Las Piedras, alt. 900 rn., 62775. An extension eastward of its previous known range in Venezuela. Casearia mollipila Sleumer. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820m., 62350. Locally known as "tapaculo." Ryania speciosa var. stipularis (Lind. & Planch.) Monach. ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge above Quebrada Bonita, on side draining towards Rio Neven, between "Carmelita" and Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 60982. Local name: "aguacero." Any part of the plant is reputed to be poisonous, when eaten by cows, goats, mules, burros, and horses, but not considered poisonous to such animals as the lapa (Cuniculus paca) or the acure (Dasyprocta rubrata). Xylosma Benthamii (Tul.) Tr. & PI. MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agusti'n, alt. 900-950 m., 61789. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Casearia arguta HBK. LARA: woods along creek, near Lara-Trujillo boundary line, be- tween La Cuchilla and Sicarigua, alt. 305 m., 55848. Casearia celastroides Kl. t BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 m., 60958. This shrub is known as "periquito." It has been known previously only from flowering material. The present collection, in fruit, provides an opportunity to emend the original description as follows: fruit dull green to red, obovoid, 4-4.5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad above the middle; seed brown, elliptical-obovoid, papillate-rugose, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 993 Xylosma spiculiferum (Tul.) Tr. & PI. TA'CHIRA: dwarfed forest on slopes below Paramo de la Negra, above La Grita, alt. 2430-2510 m., 57106. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. TURNERACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Piriqueta cistoides (L.) Mey. Between Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, in Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco river, alt. 150 m., 57772. PASSIFLORACEAE67 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Passiflora fuchsiiflora Hemsl. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 57915. This species has been known previ- ously only from Surinam and British Guiana. RORAIMA Passiflora auriculata HBK. Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155 m., 58597. Local Arekuna name: "chinok," which signifies a vine or "bejuco" in Spanish. Passiflora Cardonae Killip. Southwest-facing forested slopes, between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58959. Previously known only from Auyan-tepui. Passiflora longiracemosa Ducke. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58566. Known locally as "chinok" (Arekuna) or "parcha de monte" (Spanish). 67passifloraceae by E. P. Killip 994 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 PTARI-TEPUI Passiflora auriculata HBK. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 ra., 60348; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60715. The local names given for this species were "sucusucu-yek" (no. 60348) and "poroika" (no. 60715). This is a widespread species extending from Nicaragua to the Guianas and the Amazon Basin of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Passiflora Cardonae Killip. "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan- tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60256; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60745. The local name for the latter collection is "poroika." Known otherwise only from Auyan-tepui, Roraima, and the upper Mazaruni River in British Guiana. Passiflora coccinea Aubl. Lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60684. Known as "poroika- yek." Distributed in the Guianas, the Amazon Basin of Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, and southern Venezuela. Passiflora longiracemosa Ducke. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 ra., 60763. The local name for this species is "tucuy-nanke- yek." Known from a few localities in southwestern British Guiana and northern Brazil. In Venezuela it has been collected at the base of Mt. Roraima and along the Kukenan and Caura rivers. Apparently it also occurs at the base of Cerro Duida. The leaves of this species are quite variable. Passiflora retipetala Mast. Sororopan-tepui, densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, alt. 2130-2250 m., 60183. A rare species, known otherwise from a few collections made along the Mazaruni River in British Guiana, and one from Manaos, Brazil. This is the first collection from Venezuela. Passiflora sclerophylla Harms. Southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600, 59971; summit of Carrao-tepui', alt. 2470-2500 m., 60901. Otherwise known only from Roraima and Duida. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 995 Passiflora tuberosa Jacq. On densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59589. This species apparently is rather common in Trinidad, but elsewhere very rare. It is known from scattered collec- tions from the West Indies and British Guiana, and was collected by Ule along the Rio Branco, Brazil. The only previous Venezuelan record for the species was a collection from Cumana made by Hum- boldt and Bonpland. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Passiflora bogotensis Benth. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62097. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62495. Also collected on Cerro Turumiquire in 1925 by Tate (no. 137). The Tate specimen was doubtfully referred to this species in the monograph of the American Species of Passiflora (Field Mus. Bot. 19: 168, 169. 1938) as the flowers were very young. The recent collections of Dr. Steyermark's have well-developed flowers. This is a common species of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, but not known from Venezuela, except for the collections here cited. Passiflora foetida var. hispida (DC.) Killip. MONAGAS: Cerro de Guacharo, between Caripe and Guacharo, alt. 1000-1200 m., 61985. This is a common species of the West Indies and northern South America, becoming rare in Peru and south of the Amazon. Passiflora laurifolia L. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 600-800 m., 61250. The local name for this vine is "parcha. " The fruit, as in most other species, is edible. Throughout the West Indies and in the Guianas, eastern Venezuela to Amazonian Peru, and eastern Brazil; extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Passiflora mixta L.f. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62499. Until the present collection, it has not been collected in Venezuela farther east than the Caracas region. Distributed from Venezuela and Colombia to southern Peru and central Bolivia, usually at altitudes of from 2500 to 3600 meters. 996 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Passiflora serrulata Jacq. SUCRE: base of rocky chaparral bordering salt flats at Bordones, southwest of Cumana', alt. 10-15 ra., 62914. Distributed along the Caribbean coast from Trinidad to Colombia. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Passiflora bicuspidata (Karst.) Mast. TACHIRA: swampy woods between Paramito and Quebrada de Palmar, at base of Paramo de Tama, 7 kras . above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57240. This species has not previously been recorded from Venezuela. Passiflora bracteosa PL & Lind. TA'CHIRA: thickets along quebrada, above Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2285-2430 m., 57277. This species, known from Colombia, has not previously been recorded from Venezuela. Passiflora edulis Sims. MERIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56060. This vine, with edible fruit, is known as "parcha." It has been recorded in Venezuela previously from the Cordillera de la Costa, but not from the Andes of Venezuela. Passiflora suberosa L. ME'RIDA: between La Cumbre, San Jose', and Mucutuy, alt. 1820- 2590 m., 56249. This species has been known previously only from the type, Linden 286, from the Andes of Trujillo, and from a collection by John 1181, of the same region. CARICACEAE ANDES Carica pubescens (A. DC.) Solms-Laubach. ME'RIDA: around Tafallez, between La Lagunita and Los Timotes, alt. 2285 m., 55839, (staminate tree). Local name: "lechoso." The slightly yellowish mesocarp and the inside yellowish white portion surrounding the seeds can be eaten when raw, but it is considered better cooked as a type of preserve. The flowers in the staminate plant (no. 55839) are fragrant. This Andean species, sometimes known under the name of C. candamarcensis Hook, f., considered syn- onymous with this species, has not been previously recorded from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 997 LOASACEAE ANDES Klaprothia mentzelioides HBK. MERIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55763. Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. Mentzelia Fendleriana Urban & Gilg ME'RIDA: rocky dry slopes along Rio Chama, between Lagunillas and Estanques, alt. 855 m., 57055. No definite localities had previ- ously been cited for Venezuela. Local name: "tocina cochina." BEGONIACEAE68 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Begonia fagopyroides Kunth & Bouche. ANZOA'TEGU!: ^wooded^ ridge above Quebrada Bonita, on f side draining towards Rio Neveri, between "Carmelita" and Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 60984. Not previously known as far east in Venezuela. Local name: "agua"; sometimes grown locally as an ornamental plant. Begonia glabra Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Ri'o Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61027. Local name: 'bejuco de agua." Begonia humilis Ait. along shaded slopes at base of bluff, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, by state of Sucre boundary, alt. 400-500 m., 61211. Local name: "monte de agua." Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Begonia meridensis A. DC. SUCRE: forest along northeast-facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trinidad and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 1300-1900 m., 62759. This species has not hitherto been re- corded east of the Andes of Venezuela. 68 Begoniaceae by Lyman B. Smith and Bernice G. Schubert 998 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Begonia scabrida A. DC. SUCRE: forest along northeast-facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trinidad and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 1300-1900 m., 62766. This species has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Begonia ulmifolia Willd. ANZOATEGUI: wooded ridge, Quebrada Bonita, tributary of Ri'o Querecual, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 1200 m., 60977. Local name: "tocina cochina" and "monte de agua." The acid-like stems are used by the local inhabitants of this area to relieve indigestion and stomach disorders. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Begonia alnifolia A. DC. ME RID A: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56067. A Colombian species, new to Venezuela. Begonia ferruginea L.f. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57328. A Colombian species, new to Venezuela. Begonia humilis Ait. MERDDA: in cafetal, between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56126; on rocks along Rio Onia on rich forested slopes, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545- 915 m. , 56730. Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. Begonia stigmosa Lindl. MERIDA: by moist shaded bluff slope, rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56068. Not previously recorded from Venezuela, but also collected in LARA: temperate forests, south of Rio Claro, alt. 1360 m., February, 1931, /. Saer 788. Begonia toledana Smith & Schubert. ^ MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary of Rio Canagua', southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 m., 56433; rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua' and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56481. A Colombian species, new to Venezuela Local name: "vinagrilla." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 999 Begonia tovarensis Kl. ' MERIDA: along creek in meadow, slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonero, alt. 2430-2745 m., 56050. Not previously cited in Venezuela west of the Cordillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua. Begonia trispathulata (A. DC.) Warb. .LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above H umocaro Bajo, alt. 2530- 2575 m., 55267. Not previously cited in Venezuela west of the Cor- dillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua. Begonia Urticae L.f. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57347. This species is distributed from Costa Rica to Peru-. It is new to Venezuela. CACTACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Fpiphyllum Hookeri Haworth. Phyllocactus Hookeri Solm-Dyck. ANZOA'TEGU!: epiphyte on lauracepus tree (no. 61348), in dense clumps, in dense forest along Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61349. MONAGAS: common epiphyte on lower trunks of trees, common in coffee hacienda of Intendente de Tierras y Bosques, on north side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62157. Local name: "pitajaya montanera." Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Hylocereus venezuelensis Britt. & Rose. SUCRE: vining over shrub by Cueva El Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, valley of Rio Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, alt. 230 m., 62784. Local name: "pitajaya." The edible fruit is sold in the markets of Cumana. This species, cited in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana as Cereus venezuelensis (Britt. & Rose), has been known previously in Venezuela only from the western part of the Cordillera de la Costa. Rhipsalis jamaicensis Britton & Harris. ANZOATEGUI: epiphyte on Couroupita surinamensis in forest along Rio Leon, tributary of Rio Neven, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61470. This species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. 1000 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill. TRUJILLO: dry upland slope below Valera on road to Motata'n, alt. 520 m., 56764. Not previously recorded in Venezuela except from the vicinity of Caracas and La Guaira. THYMELEACEAE PTARI-TEPtlf Daphnopsis longipedunculata Gilg. Along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60479; along Rio Tek-Yunsen, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Carrao-tepui', alt. 13?5 m., 60833. Sometimes known as "heve," this species has been recorded previously in Venezuela only from the base of Roraima. It also occurs in Brazil and British Guiana. The bark is difficult to tear off; the stem has a strong bast. Walk- ing canes are frequently made from the stems. ANDES Daphnopsis bogotensis Meisen. TACHIRA: between Villapaez and Betania, along Rio Tachira, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2130-2285 m., 57164. Local name: "palo rejo" or "menurito." This species has not hitherto been reported from Venezuela. LYTHRACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Cuphea serpyllifolia HBK. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, alt. 100m., 58454. Rotala mexicana Ch. & Schl. var. Spruceana (Griseb.) Koehne. Waste ground near Orinoco river, vicinity of Esmeralda, alt. 150 m., 57777. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1001 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Cuphea denticulata HBK. Koehne in his monograph of Cuphea (p. 109) states that the ovules range from 8-11 in^this species, but in Steyermark 61073, collected in the state of Anzoategui and referred to this species, the ovules may be as many as 16 or 17. ANDES Cuphea racemosa (L.f.) Spreng. TACHIRA: wet thickets, between El Cobre and Cordero, alt. 1520- 1820 m., 57123. This species has not been previously recorded from Venezuela. Grislea secunda L. MERIDA: dry wooded slopes between Jaji'and summit of Cerro San Isidro, alt. 2430 m., 56000. Previously recorded west in Venezuela to the state of Lara. Lythrum maritimum HBK. TACHIRA: between Betania and woods at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 2300-2430 m., 57169. Local name: "cruceto." The genus and species are new to Venezuela. LECYTHIDACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Couroupita guianensis Aubl. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61484. Local name: "coco de mono." The flowers are very fragrant, the fragrance reminding one of sweet- scented lemon, but decompose rapidly. The wood is considered useless. Upon drying, the large globular fruits have a very putrid odor. In the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana (vol. 2: p. 189) two species of Couroupita, C. guianensis Aubl. and C. venezuelensis, are cited. The latter is a species of doubtful taxonomic status, and the present author believes it to be no more than conspecific with C. guianensis, as here treated. It is likewise questionable whether C. surinamensis Mart, can be separated from C. guianensis on the basis of Vene- zuelan material. Eschweilera tenax (Moritz) Miers. ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Ri'o Leo'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61112; 1002 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neveri, between Rio Leon and "Carmelita, " northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 ra., 61389. MONAGAS: forested slopes along top of sand- stone escarpment above Rio Amana, at La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 7 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 244 m., 61757. Local name: "coco de mono" and also "cacao." The wood is used for posts and beams, while the fruit is eaten by birds and other animals. Gustavia augusta L. MONAGAS: between Caripe and summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, alt. 900-1200 ra., 61934. This is a common tree of the substory of the virgin forest at the base of the bluff in this region. It has not been recorded hitherto in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Fschweilera tenax (Moritz) Miers. DISTRITO FEDERAL: cloud forest at top of ridge, between Catia and El Junquito, alt. 1980 m., 56987. It is probable that Eschweilera monosperma Pittier, E. tenax (Moritz) Miers, and E. Fendleriana Miers are all conspecific. Esch- weilera monosperma is not known from flowering material, but its leaves are of the same small type, with similar close reticulation, as are encountered in E. tenax. It is also possible that E. cordata (Berg) Miers is conspecific with these other three entities, being only a leaf form, perhaps, while E. Moritziana Miers may be considered only a large leaf form. Steyermark 56987, from the type locality of E. monosperma, matches that species, but likewise matches E. tenax in leaf shape and reticu- lation. All three species, i.e., E. monosperma, E. tenax, and E. Fendleriana, were collected from the same general locality, namely, centering about Colonia Tovar and E.I Junquito, with the same type of cloud forest formation and altitude. The pedicel in E. tenax is described in Knuth's revision as "5-7 cm. longis," but it is evident, from a study of the material, that millimeter is actually meant here. There is considerable overlapping of measurements in the length of pedicel between E. tenax and E. Fendleriana, and whether or not the pedicels came from mature or immature flowers would account for differences of the length given for the different species noted above. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1003 COMBRETACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Buchenavia parvifolia Ducke. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57794. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. It is known from northern Brazil. PTARI-TEPUl' Buchenavia capitata (Vahl) Eichl. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopa'n-tepui', west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60780. Local name: "cururi-yek." This flat-topped tree with horizontal branches is conspicuous because of its unusual shape. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Terminalia amazonia (J. F. Gmel.) Exell. ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61096. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62831. Local names: "caracoh'" (no. 67096); "huire" (no. 62831). In the locality in the state of Anzoategui, cited above, this tree is one of the dominant and largest trees of the forest. Its wood is esteemed for lumber. Terminalia guianensis Eichler. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62174. Not previously reported in Venezuela except from the region of Caracas. MYRTACEAE Aulomyrcia Amshoffiana Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex ad 4-metralis, ramulis vetustioribus glabrescentibus; foliis coriaceis oblanceolato- vel elliptico-oblongis supra atroviridibus subtus pallidioribus apice obtuse acutiusculis basi acutis petiolatis, petiolis 4-6 mm. longis, laminis 5-7.5 cm. longis 2-3 cm. latis glabris, costa media supra canaliculata impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra inconspicuis tenuiter impressis subtus obsoletis, nervo marginali haud; paniculis axillaribus et terminalibus paucifloris 1004 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 folio brevioribus dense strigilloso-canescentibus; floribus tetrameris; receptaculo supra ovarium valde product© extus dense albido-pube- scenti intus raargine inter stamina breviter pubescenti aliter glabro; calycis lobis 4 paullo inaequalibus late ovatis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis 1.5-2 mm. longis 1.25 mm. latis ciliatis extus paullo puberulis intus dense albido-puberulis; petalis 4 orbicularibus 1.5-2 mm. longis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis, ovulis adscendentibus; bacca non visa. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on upper drier portion of forest below mesa, wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220 m., November 20-21, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60354, "fruit edible; shrub 15 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, pale green below; calyx pale green." Vernacular name: "chip-cuy-yek. " This species shows marked similarity to A. albido-tomentosa Amsh. of British and Dutch Guiana, but differs from that species in the calyx lobes, which are longer than broad instead of as broad as long, less pubescent on the outer surface, in the less sericeous peduncles, in the absence of a marginal nerve of the leaf blade, and in more obtusely shorter-pointed leaf blades. Aulomyrcia bolivarensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor 2.7-8-metralis, raraulis novellis dense sericeis vetustioribus puberulis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 3-4 mm. longis sericeis vel vetustioribus parce puberulis vel glabrescentibus, laminis firme membranaceis vel subcoriaceis discoloribus oblongo-ovatis vel oblongo-ellipticis 5.5-9 cm. longis 2-3.5 cm. latis longissime ansustis- simeque acuminatis, acumine 1.5-2 cm. longo, basi acutis novellis utrinque breviter sericeis vetustioribus parce strigillosis vel glabre- scentibus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 12-13-jugis supra obsoletis subtus subtiliter impressis; inflorescentibus axillaribus vel sub- terminalibus 1-1.5 cm. longis folio multo brevioribus multifloris; paniculis brevipedunculatis dense sericeis 1-2 mm. longis, rhachidi- bus pedicellisque dense sericeis gracillimis, inflorescentiae ramulis usque ad 3 mm. longis, floribus ultimis ternis subsessilibus; bracteis 2 lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis 1.5 mm. longis parce strigillosis; hypanthio supra ovarium valde producto, calycis lobis 4 suborbiculari- bus rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. lads ciliolatis extus parce strigillosis intus glabris; petalis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis glabris; ovario ut videtur 2-loculari apice glabro, loculis ut videtur 2-ovulatis; stylo 1.25-1.5 mm. longo glabro; fructu (immaturo) globoso ut videtur monospermo 4-5 mm. longo 4-5 mm. diam. adpressipilosulo. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested south- facing slopes overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1005 "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 1800-2100 m., Octo- ber 30, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59534, "shrub 8 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, pale green below; calyx pale green; petals and filaments white." Paratype (fruiting) in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wooded slopes, in lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), state of Bolivar, alt. 1065-1220 m., November 20-21, 1944, Steyermark 60435, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deep green above, dull green below; fruit dull green, edible." This perplexing taxon, by reason of the receptacle well-produced above the glabrous ovary, should be referred apparently to the genus Aulomyrcia, but the tetramerous flowers are rarely encountered in the genus. In vegetative aspect it simulates Marlierea Schomburgkiana Berg, but that taxon has glabrous stems and foliage and different floral morphology. Aulomyrcia bolivarensis is characterized by the long attenuate-acuminate leaves, shortly pedunculate and abbreviated, sericeous inflorescences, tetramerous flowers, and sericeous young stems and foliage. Aulomyrcia karuaiensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor 8-metralis, ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis, petiolis 2-3 mm. longis glabris, laminis discoloribus chartaceo- subcoriaceis anguste oblongo-ellipticis vel elliptico-oblanceolatis utrinque angustatis apice obtusis basi acutis 3-6 cm. longis 1.5-3 cm. latis praesertim subtus punctatis subtus interdum minutissime vix puberulentibus aliter plerumque glabris, nervis lateralibus venisque subobsoletis; inflorescentiis terminalibus folio brevioribus paucifloris 2-2.7 cm. longis glabris; pedunculis 6-8 mm. longis; floribus tetrameris supremis sessilibus; hypanthio obconico supra ovarium valde producto 3.25 mm. longo glabro; calycis lobis 4 brevibus suborbiculari-rotundatis 0.75-1.5 mm. longis 1-1.35 mm. latis ciliatis aliter glabris; petalis 4 rhomboideo-suborbicularibus rotundatis 1.75 mm. longis 2.25 mm. latis glabris, marginibus undulato-erosis; ovario apice glabro 2- loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected by waterfall, Salto de Iraba-naima, along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of Ptari-tepui', state of Boli'var, alt. 1220 m., November 28, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60702, "tree 25 feet tall; flowers white; calyx pale greenish; leaves chartaceous-subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull gray green below." Local name: "tarebi-yek." This species is distinguished by the short, glabrous, few-flowered inflorescences with sessile uppermost flowers, and by the subsessile, obscurely nerved, obtuse leaves. It perhaps is related to Aulomyrcia obtecta Berg, a member of Berg's section Cymosae, but that has more elongated inflorescences with longer and more slender pedicels, and larger, pubescent, pentamerous flowers. 1006 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Aulomyrcia parvifolia Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor usque 8-metralis, ramulis teretibus novellis parce strigilloso-puberulis; foliis breviter petiolatis, petiolis crassis 2.5-3 mm. longis novellis subadpresse puberulis vetustioribus glabrescenti- bus, laminis coriaceis discoloribus supra atroviridibus subtus pallido- viridibus obovatis rotundatis basi cuneatis 1.5-3.5 cm. longis 1-2.3 cm. lads subtus prominente punctatis, plerumque glabris subtus interdum praesertim costam mediam parce substrigillosis, nervis lateralibus venisque obsoletis, marginibus revolutis; inflorescentiis terminalibus subterminalibusque paniculatis folio longioribus 3-4.5 cm. longis rhachidibus ramulisque puberulis purpureis; bracteis subulatis 1.75-2 ram. longis parce puberulis apice barbulatis; hypan- thio supra ovarium valde producto 1.5 mm. longo 1.5 mm. lato glabro; calycis lobis 4 inaequalibus rubescentibus suborbicularibus rotundatis 1 mm. longis 1.25 mm. latis ciliolatis aliter glabris; petalis 4 obovatis rotundatis 2.5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis ciliolatis aliter glabris; ovario apice glabro. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich woods, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan- tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60285, "tree 25 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, pale green below; young stems lavender; calyx lobes reddish; petals white." Paratype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in scrubby forest on rocky open portion of plateau on southeast- facing slopes of Ptari- tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1600 m., November 1, 1944, Steyermark 59629, "shrub 20 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, pale green below; pedicels pale green suffused with brick-red; sepals pale green to brick-red." Local name: "mai-can-pami-yek." This species may be related to Aulomyrcia obtusa (Schauer) Berg of Dutch and French Guiana, but differs in the smaller, tetramerous flowers and thicker, nerveless leaf blades. Aulomyrcia ptariensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 6-metralis, ramulis novellis griseo-strigosis; foliis breviter petiolatis, petiolis 3-3.5 mm. longis novellis griseo-strigosis vetusti- oribus glabrescentibus, laminis subcoriaceis obovatis rotundatis basi cuneatis 2-3 cm. longis 1-2 cm. latis utrinque strigillosis juvenilibus dense canescentibus, nervis lateralibus venisque utrinque obsoletis, lateralibus supra 9-10-jugis tenuissime prominulis, marginibus revolu- tis; inflorescentiis axillaribus interrupte racemiformibus dense canescentibus 1.5-3 cm. longis (immaturis) 10-12-floris; bracteis ovatis acutis 2.5-2.75 mm. longis sericeis; hypanthio supra ovarium valde producto extus sericeo; calycis lobis (immaturis) 4 sericeis; BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1007 petalis (immaturis) 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis glabris; ovario apice glabro, 2-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested sandstone, south-facing slopes of Ptari-teptn, between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," state of Bolivar, alt. 1700-1800 m., November 1, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59724, "shrub 20 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark dull green above, dull paler green below, subrevolute; pube- scence gray-silvery canescent on young stems and peduncles/' Vegetatively, this species superficially resembles Marlierea buxi- folia Amshoff of British Guiana. There is also a resemblance to the Cuban Myrtekmania adenoclada Urb. (Eugenia adenoclada Urb.) which is distinguished by its one-celled ovary with one ovule. Aulomyrcia roraimae (Oliver) Steyermark, comb. nov. Myrcia Roraimae Oliver in Timehri 5: 192. 1886; Trans Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 2: 273. 1887. Oliver originally published this taxon under Myrcia, although indi- cating by the use of parentheses its belonging with Aulomyrcia, were he to recognize that genus. The receptacle strongly produced above the ovary indicates that the taxon is properly placed in Aulomyrcia instead of Myrcia, as those two genera are distinguished by Dr. Amshoff. Steyermark 60878 from upper slopes of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2130-2430 m., December 7, 1944 is identified with this species. Although Oliver's specimen from Mount Roraima was described by him as having a glabrous calyx tube, under a strong lens the fruiting hypanthium is seen to have minute puberulence. Only under high magnification is it possible to note the minute puberulence of the peduncles, pedicels, lower midrib and leaf surface mentioned by Oliver in his original description. Aulomyrcia salticola Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 4.5-metralis, ramulis novellis teretibus strigosis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis strigillosis 4-5 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis discoloribus supra atroviridibus subtus pallido-viridibus anguste oblongo-ellipticis obtusis vel rotundatis basi acutis vel subacutis 4-7 cm. longis 1.5-3.5 cm. latis utrinque pallido-strigillosis vel supra glabrescentibus, nervis lateralibus tenuibus 10-12-jugis, costa. media subtus leviter prominente; paniculis terminalibus plerumque 2 folium aequantibus vel longioribus 5-6.5 cm. longis, pedunculis fructiferis 1.5-2 cm. longis cane seen ti bus; calycis lobis 5 suborbicularibus rotundatis utrinque strigillosis; bacca globosa atropurpurea 5-7 mm. diam. strigillosa. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected by waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopa'n-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60213, "shrub 1008 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 15 feet tall; leaves chartaceous, deep green above, pale green below; fruit deep purple, globose, 5-7 mm. in diameter." Local name: "ai-yek." This species appears to be related to Aulomyrcia Mansoni Berg, from which it differs in the canescent branches of the shorter inflo- rescence, pubescent fruiting hypanthium, and pubescent lower leaf surface. Aulomyrcia Spruceana Berg. Steyermark 60736 from dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m. , November 28, 1944, is referred to this species, hitherto not reported from Venezuela. The species was originally collected by Spruce from Barra, along Rio Negro, Alto Amazonas, Brazil. Aulomyrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) Amsh. To the synonymy of this species should be added Myrcia prunifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 253. 1828, and vars. a, ft, y: All these taxa come from Brazil. Decandolle's description, as well as Plate 2, fig. 25 and Berg's description (p. 95) in Mart. Fl. Bras, of Aulomyrcia prunifolia also indicate that Myrcia prunifolia is con specific with Aulomyrcia tomentosa. Aulomyrcia vinacea Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 3-metralis, ramulis glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 4-7 mm. longis glabris, laminis firme membranaceis subtus pallido-viridibus ovato-ellipticis utrinque angustatis apice subtus obtuse acuminatis basi cuneatis 4.5-7.5 cm. longis 2.2-3.2 cm. latis pellucido-punctatis glabris, nervis lateralibus venisque utrinque prominulis venis tenuibus nervis crebris 16-19-jugis; inflorescentiis terminalibus vel axillaribus pan icu latis folio brevioribus 2.5-3 cm. longis multifloris glabris, rhachidibus gracilibus compressis; rhachidibus pedicellisque vinaceis, bracteis ovatis obtusis vel acutis 1.25 mm. longis 0.75 mm. latis; hypanthio vinaceo obconico supra ovarium paullo producto 2 mm. longo supra medium 1.5 mm. lato glabro; calycis lobis 5 inaequalibus sub- orbicularibus rotundatis 1.25-1.5 mm. longis 1.25-2 mm. latis glabris; petalis 5 ovali-oblongis obtusis 4 mm. longis 3-5 mm. latis glabris; ovario apice glabro 2-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, state of Sucre, alt. 820 m., April 28, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62375, "shrub 10 feet tall; pedicels and calyx tube wine red; calyx lobes spreading, whitish; leaves membranaceous, rich green above, pale green below." Apparently related to Aulomyrcia multiflora (Rich.) Berg, but that species has the inflorescences longer than the leaves among other differences. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1009 Calycolpus cordatus Riley Steyermark 60757 from woods bordering savanna along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., November 29, 1944, may be referred to this taxon. The spe- cies has been known previously in Venezuela only from Auyan-tepui. Calycolpus roraimensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 1-metralis, ramulis junioribus quadrangularibus adpressi- pilosulis vetustioribus subteretibus glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis crassis 2-3 mm. longis plerumque glabris, laminis discoloribus sub- coriaceis anguste ellipticis acute acuminatis basi acutis vel acutius- culis 3.5-5.5 cm. longis 1-1.8 cm. latis utrinque plerumque glabris costa media subtus interdum parce pilis adpressis instructa, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 10-12 supra fere obsoletis subtus subtiliter tenuissimis obscuris, costa media supra subtiliter canaliculata subtus prominula; floribus axillaribus solitariis; pedicellis 6-15 mm. longis glabris vel parce adpressipilosis; bracteis lanceolatis acutis 2-2.5 mm. longis 0.8 mm. latis; hypanthio in anthesi 3-5 mm. longo 3 mm. lato intus dense sericeo extus plerumque glabro interdum parce strigillo; calycis lobis 5 lanceolatis acutis 8-9 mm. longis 2 mm. latis extus plerumque glabris intus basin versus sericeis aliter glabris; petalis 5 obovato-oblongis rotundatis 8 mm. longis 7 mm. latis glabris; ovario 3-loculare apice glabro, loculis pluriovulatis; fructu immature subgloboso 7 mm. diam. 7 mm. longo. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., isotype in herb. N.Y. Bot. Card., collected in vicinity of Arabupu, Mount Roraima District, state of Bolivar, alt. 1300 m., December 30, 1938, Albert S. Pinkus 92, "shrub 3 feet high, growing between rocks near Arabupu Falls; petals and filaments white; anthers yellow." This species is characterized by the elongate, lanceolate, acute calyx lobes, narrowly elliptical acute leaves, and subterete branches. It shows relationships with both C. glaber (Benth.) Berg and C. Kegelianus Riley. Calyptranthes meridensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis hornotinis ferrugineo-strigosis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 1.5-2.2 cm. longis minutissime strigillosis, laminis sub- coriaceis supra atroviridibus subtus pallido-viridibus elliptico-lanceo- latis vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi acutis vel subobtusis 13-16 cm. longis 2.5-4 cm. latis impresso-punctatis supra glabris subtus minutissime parce strigillosis pilis brevissimis in- structis, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 18-20 subtus tenerrimis prominulis 1.5-2 mm. ante marginem in nervum collectivum conjunctis supra vix prominulis, venis subtus prominulis laxe reticulatis, costa media supra canaliculata subtus elevata minute strigillosa; cymis plerumque binis axillaribus vel terminalibus folio brevioribus 3-5 cm. longis; pedunculis ferrugineo-strigosis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis 1.5-1.75 1010 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 mm. latis compressis; bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acutis 2.5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis extus ferrugineo-pubescentibus intus glabris. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rich, steep, north- west- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla, " above Tabay, state of Me'rida, alt. 2285-2745 m., May 18, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56589, "leaves subcoriaceous-chartaceous, deep green above, pale green below; rachis and outside of sepals ferruginous- brown; sepals otherwise pale green." Local name: "canillo de venado." This species differs from C. longifolia Berg and C. pleophlebia Diels in the longer petioles and peduncles, and the greater number of pedicels. Calyptranthes tovarensis (Berg) Steyermark, comb. nov. Myrcia tovarensis Berg, Linn. 27: 118. 1854 (type, Moritz 1747 from Colonia Tovar). Tamayo 227 from Agua Negra, Distrito Federal, in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., was collected from or near the type locality of Myrcia tovarensis. It has the type of calyx characteristic of Calyptranthes. The photograph of the type of Myrcia tovarensis, preserved in the Chicago Natural History Museum Herbarium, matches the Tamayo plant. Campomanesia coaetanea Berg. Steyermark 62365 from rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, state of Sucre, alt. 820 m., April 28, 1945, may be re- ferred to this species, which is a rarely collected one. The only other recorded Venezuelan locality is from Montes Kanuku, cabeceras del Caroni, Connell & Quelch 275, of the Venezuelan Guayana. The species is known elsewhere only from French and British Guiana. Eugenia amanuensis Steyermark, nom. nov. Eugenia acuminatissima Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 141: 315. 1857, not E. acuminatissima Miquel, Linn. 19: 440. 1845. Eugenia caurensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 1-2-metralis, ramulis novellis sericeis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 2-3 mm. longis sericeis, laminis subcoriaceis anguste elliptico-lanceolatis elongato-acuminatis basi acutis vel subobtusis 3-5.5 cm. longis 0.6-1.8 cm. latis supra valde punctatis sericeis vel demum glabrescentibus costa media sericea excepta subtus sericeis, costa media supra canaliculata subtus prominula, nervis lateralibus obscuris vel obsoletis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel terminalibus; racemis plerumque 5-10-floris plerumque 2-3 cm. longis interdum in axillis foliorum superiorum 1-floris folio brevioribus, rhachidibus sericeis; pedicellis 2-7 mm. longis sericeis; hypanthio campanulato 2 mm. longo 2 mm. lato extus sericeo, calycis lobis 4 patentibus BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1011 ovatis cuspidatis 2.5 mm. longis 1.5-2.25 mm. latis sericeis; petal is 4 ovato-ellipticis vel ovatis acutis vel acutiusculis 4.5-5 mm. longis 3 mm. latis ciliolatis; ovario 2-loculari apice dense hirtello, loculis 6-7-ovulatis; stylo 7 mm. longo; fructu non viso. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en la playa del Salto de Para, Medio Caura, state of Bolivar, alt. 170 m., March 12, 1939, Llewelyn Williams 11505, ' "arbusto de 1-2 m. de alto; fls. blancas." Paratypes in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected entre rocas arriba del Salto de Para, Medio Caura, alt. 300 m., March 6, 1939, Williams 11412; same locality, alt. 150 m., March 3, 1939, Williams 11347. Local name: "raacaguete." This species is related to E. albida H. & B., but has shorter pedi- cels with more slender and smaller flowers. From E. biflora DC. of the West Indies it differs in the sericeous pubescence of the leaves and calyx lobes, while from E. freireana Berg of Brazil it differs in the longer and more laxly-flowered inflorescences. Eugenia crebrifolia Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 3-metralis, ramulis ternatis glabris novellis subtrigonis; foliis ternis petiolatis, petiolis crassis 2-3 mm. longis glabris; laminis coriaceis subtus pallido-viridibus oblongo-spathulatis vel oblongo- obovatis rotundatis valde emarginatis basi cuneatis 2.3-3.8 cm. longis 1-2.2 cm. latis glabris, nervis lateralibus 10-12-jugis subtus prominu- lis supra impressis ante marginem 1 mm. in nervum connectivum anastomosantibus marginibus subrevolutis; pedunculis axillaribus 0.8-1.5 cm. longis glabris; calycis lobis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis in fructu 1.5-2 mm. longis 3 mm. latis; bacca luteo-viridi globosa 1-1.5 cm. longa 1.2-1.5 cm. diam. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, state of Tachira, alt. 2500 m., July 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57204, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, pale green below; fruit yellow-green, globose." This species is related to Eugenia ternifolia Berg, but the leaves are larger, more conspicuously nerved, and with a more pronounced emarginate apex. A duplicate sheet from the Geneva Herbarium preserved in the Chicago Natural History Museum Herbarium (Punch & Schliml334 from La Boja in the province of Pamplona, Colombia) closely resembles our specimen, but lacks the emarginate apex. Eugenia Llewelynii Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 3-4-metralis, ramulis teretibus griseis novellis subtomen- tellis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 7-8 mm. longis griseo-tomentellis; 1012 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 laminis coriaceis discoloribus ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis obtusis vel subito obtuse apiculatis basi rotundatis vel subobtusis 6-10.5 cm. longis 4-6 cm. latis supra glabris subtus griseo-sericeis supra valde reticulato-venosis, nervis lateralibus 17-19-jugis ante marginem 1.5-2 mm. in nervum connectivum anastomosantibus; inf lore see ntiis racemo- sis ad nodos; racemis paucifloris 1-1.5 cm. longis ferrugineo-velutinis; bracteis suborbiculari- ovatis obtusis ferrugineo-velutinis; pedicellis 2-3 mm. longis ferrugineo-velutinis; hypanthio 3 mm. longo 2.5 mm. lato extus sericeis; calycis lobis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis 3 mm. longis 3.5 mm. latis extus breviter sericeis intus glabris; petalis 4 obovoideis rotundatis 4 ram. longis 2.5 mm. latis ciliatis glabris; ovario multiovulato; bacca elliptico-obovoidea 1.5 cm. longa 0.7 cm. lata. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en los sitios medio claros en las costas arboreadas y periodicamente anegadas de Sana- riapo, Puerto Ayacucho, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 120 m., April 15, 1942, Llewelyn Williams 14962, "arbusto de 3 a 4 m. con flores blancas axilares; la corteza gris obscuro, fisurada; la madera blanquecina." Paratypes in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en las margenes arboreadas y periodicamente anegadas del Cano Sanariapo, cerca de su desembocadura, Territorio Federal Amazonas, alt. 120 m., July 2, 1942, Williams 15958; and Cano San Miguel, Rio Guainia, alt. 125 m., 1942, Williams 14881. Local name: "guayabo." In appearance this species somewhat simulates Eugenia cauliflora Berg, Mart. Fl. Bras. 141: 268.1857 = Eugenia ayacuchae Steyermark, nom. nov. (not Eugenia cauliflora DC. Prodr. 3: 273. 1828, nor Eugenia cauliflora Miq. in Linn. 22: 532. 1849), a member of Berg's section Glomeratae, in the densely sericeous branchlets and petioles, racemose inflorescence, and sericeous hypanthium. Eugenia meridensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 3-raetralis, raraulis glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 2.5-3 nun. longis glabris, laminis subcoriaceis discoloribus supra nitidis subtus pallido-viridibus ovali-oblongis vel oblongis rotundatis basi obtusis vel subobtusis 2-3.2 cm. longis 1-2.5 cm. latis utrinque gla- bris, nervis lateralibus 6-8-jugis subtus tenuissimis vel fere obsoletis supra fere obsoletis, marginibus revolutis; inflorescentiis axillaribus racemosis, floribus congestis; racemis 1-1.5 cm. longis; hypanthio late campanulato 1.5 mm. longo 1.5 mm. lato glabro; calycis lobis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis ciliolatis 1.25 ram. longis 1.5 mm. latis glabris; petalis obovato-oblongis 3 mm. longis 2.5 ram. latis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 6-ovulatis; bacca globosa rubra iramatura 5 mm. longa 5 mm. diam. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1013 Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between La Cumbre, San Jose', and Mucutuy, state of Merida, alt. 1820-2590 ra. , May 3, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56251, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves sub- coriaceous, deep green and shining above, pale green and dull below; fruit red, globose." This species is related, perhaps, to Eugenia erythrocarpa (HBK.) DC., but has more numerous flowers with shorter pedicels and petals. Eugenia ptariensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor 12-metralis, ramulis glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 6-10 mm. longis glabris, laminis subcoriaceis oblongo- vel ovato-ellipticis obtusis basi cuneatis 8-12 cm. longis 4-7 cm. latis utrinque glabris prominente reticulato-venosisque, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 5-7 ante marginem 5-8 mm. in nervum connectivum anastomosantibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus umbellatis multifloris ad nodes defoliates insertis; pedicellis 11-12 mm. longis glabris; bracteis 2 clistinctis late triangulari-ovatis subcarinatis acutiusculis 1.5 mm. longis 2.25 mm. latis; hypanthio turbinato 5 mm. longo 5 mm. lato glabro; calycis lobis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis glabris 4 mm. longis 7 mm. latis; petalis 4 ovali-oblongis rotundatis 13-14 mm. longis 9.5-10 mm. latis glabris; filamentis 9-10 mm. longis glabris; antheris suborbiculari- oblongis 1.5 mm. longis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 12-ovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of cerro and first ridge above Rio Karuai, Ptari-tepui, state of Boh'var, alt. 1220-1375 ra., November 27, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60599, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, deep green above, dull green below; petals white as are filaments." This is a species of the Umbellatae section apparently related to Eugenia crass iflora Kiaersk., from which it differs in the glabrous pedicels and differently shaped leaves with fewer lateral nerves. From E. anastomosans DC. it differs in the larger flowers, and thicker and more numerous pedicels. Eugenia rondonensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor 10-15-metralis, ramulis glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 5-6 mm. longis glabris, laminis subcoriaceis supra nitidis subdiscoloribus ovalibus vel obovatis rotundatis vel obtusis basi acutis vel obtusius- culis 4-6.5 cm. longis 2-4.2 cm. latis utrinque glabris, nervis laterali- bus utroque latere 8-10 utrinque tenuissimis subtiliter impressis ante marginem 1-2 mm. in nervum connectivum anastomosantibus utrinque venoso-reticulatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus dichasialibus plerumque 3-floris, centrali sessili, lateralibus pedicellatis; pedunculis solitariis geminis patentibus vel subcernuis gracillimis 3-5.5 cm. longis 0.*> mm. crassis glabris; pedicellis immaturis 5-6 mm. longis glabris; bracteis 2 distinctis cucullatis raarginibus incurvatis anguste lanceo- latis acutis 2.25 mm. longis 0.3 mm. latis extus glabris intus parce pilosulis; calycis lobis 4 suborbiculari-ovatis rotundatis 2 mm. longis 1014 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 2.25 mm. lads ciliolatis extus glabris intus breviseriteis; petalis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis ciliolatis 2 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis extus glabris intus parce pilosulis; hypanthio obconico 3 mm. longo 2.5 mm. lato glabro; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 12-14-ovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on southwest- facing forested slopes of Mount Roraima, between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, state of Bolivar, alt. 2040-2255 m., September 30, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 58956, "tree 30-50 feet tall; leaves sub- coriaceous, deep green and very lustrous above, dull paler green below; peduncles spreading to drooping, pale green; buds green." This species may be distinguished by the elongate slender peduncles and the oval to obovate leaves rounded at the apex. It may be related to Eugenia limbata DC. and E. Lindleyana (HBK.) DC. in Berg's section Dichotomae or possibly to E. piedadensis Kiaerskou in Kiaerskou's subgenus Myrciaria. Eugenia tachirensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor 10-metralis, ramulis novel lis subtomentellis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 4-6 mm. longis subtomentellis supra canaliculatis, laminis subcoriaceis discoloribus elliptico-oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis 2.5-4.5 cm. longis 1.5-2.2 cm. latis junioribus utrinque subtomentellis vetustioribus subtus glabrescentibus costa media minute puberula excepta supra costa media subtomentella, nervis lateralibus 9-10-jugis subtus leviter prominulis supra subtiliter impressis; inflorescentiis axillaribus; pedunculis fructiferis solitariis 1-4 mm. longis sub- tomentellis; bacca turbinato-subglobosa 1-1.5 cm. longa 0.8-0.9 cm. diam. Type in herb. Chi^ Nat. Hist. Mus., collected between Betania and woods at base of Paramo de Tama, state of Tachira, alt. 2300-2430 m., July 12, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57170, "small tree 30 feet tall; leaves chartaceous-coriaceous, deep green above, paler green below; fruit broadly oblongoid, dull green, edible." Local name: "guayabito." Eugenia tamaensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis apicem versus angulatis glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 5-6 mm. longis supra canaliculatis glabris, laminis sub- coriaceis discoloribus elliptico-ovatis vel oblongo-ellipticis subito obtuse acuminatis base cuneatis 7.5-9 cm. longis 2-4 cm. latis utrinque glabris, nervis lateralibus 10-15-jugis subtus tenuissimis ieviter prominulis supra subobsoletis impressis, costa media supra subtiliter canaliculata subtus elevata; inflorescentiis axillaribus folio multo brevioribus 0.5-1 cm. longis subumbellatim racemosis; bracteis 2 distinctis late ovatis rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis; hypanthio (immature) subgloboso glabro 1.5 mm. longo 2 mm. lato; calycis lobis 4 immaturis suborbicularibus rotundatis glabris 1.5 mm. longis 1.5 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1015 mm. lads; petalis 4 inaequalibus immaturis suborbicularibus rotundatis exterioribus raajoribus 2 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis pluriovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in wooded quebrada in Montana of Ru> Ta'chira at base of Paramo de Tama', between Betania and Tama, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, state of Tachira, alt. 2430 m., July 13, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57172a. Eugenia tepuiensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor 8-12-metralis; ramulis glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 4-8 mm. longis glabris; laminis coriaceis discoloribus elliptico-oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis 3.5-8 cm. longis 1.5-3 cm. latis utrinque glabris, costa media subtus prominente supra subtiliter impressa, nervis lateralibus fere obsoletis vel subtiliter utroque latere 8-12, margini- bus revolutis; inflorescentiis axillaribus suburabellatim 4-5-floris; bracteis 2 distinctis ovatis obtusis apice ciliolatis 1 mm. longis; pedicellis 8-12 mm. longis parce strigillosis; hypanthio turbinato 2.5 mm. longo 3 mm. lato glabro; calycis lobis 4 late ovatis rotundatis ciliolatis 2 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis; petalis 4 obovatis rotundatis ciliolatis 6 mm. longis 4 mm. latis; ovario 2-loculari glabro, loculis 5-ovulatis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in vicinity of "Misia Katny Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepiu and Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17, 1944, Julian /4. Steyermark 60248. "small tree 25 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, pale green below; calyx pale creamy; petals white; filaments white; anthers buff. ' ' Another collection (Steyermark 60029) taken from the southeast- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui at nearly the same elevation (1600 meters) may be conspecific, but has the flowers solitary, and these are in an immature state of development. In this collection the petals and sepals are suborbicular and the bracts are triangular, acute, and glabrous. The present taxon seems most closely related to Eugenia diantha Berg. Eugenia turumiquirensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis novellis sericeis ceteris glabris; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 4-6 mm. longis novellis sericeis ceteris glabris, laminis coriaceis subtus pallido-viridibus elliptico-ovatis vel elliptico- obovatis obtusis vel rotundatis basi acutis vel obtusis 2.5-4 cm. longis 1.3-3 cm. latis, noveliis utrinque prominente griseo-sericeis ceteris subtus plus minusve strigillosis supra glabratis, nervis late- ralibus tenuissimis 7-8-jugis marginibus subrevolutis; inflorescentiis subterminalibus vel in axillis foliorum superiorura, cymosis geminis; pedunculis 2-2.2 cm. longis folium aequantibus vel vix brevioribus sericeis 3-7-floris, centrali sessili, lateralibus brevipedicellatis; 1016 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 hypanthio extus sericeo 2.5 mm. longo 2.75 ram. lato; calycis lobis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis extus sericeis 2.5-3 mm. longis 3 mm. latis; petalis 4 orbicularibus rotundatis ciliolatis 2.75-3 mm. longis 2.75-3 mm. latis extus glabris intus basin versus glabris apicem versus sericeis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 8-10-ovulatis; bacca ira- matura aurantiaca 6-7 mm. longa 6-7 mm. diam. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, Cerro Turumiquire, southwest of Cocollar, state of Sucre, alt. 2100-2200 m., May 5, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62548, "wood very hard; bark cinnamon brown, shallow, flaky; leaves coriaceous, dark green above, pale green below; fruit orange; corolla white; calyx pale green." Local name: "granadilla. " This species is apparently related to Eugenia Lindleyana (HBK) DC., but differs in the sericeous, fewer- flowered inflorescence, and strigillose lower surface of the mature leaves. Gomidesia bonnetiasylvestris Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 0.9-2-raetralis, ramis teretibus, novellis dense ferrugineo- strigosis; foliis breviter petiolatis, petiolis eras sis 3-5 ram. longis ferrugineo-pubescentibus, laminis coriaceis ovali-oblongis rotundatis basi cuneatis 2.5-4.5 cm. longis 1.7-3 cm. latis, margin! bus sub- revolutis, supra moderatim strigosis vel vetustioribus glabris subtus moderatim ferrugineo-strigosis vel vetustioribus glabris, costa media subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus 12-14-jugis tenerrimis; cymis terminalibus folio brevioribus dense ferrugineo-strigosis, ramis 1.5- 2.2 cm. longis; pedicellis crassis usque 3 mm. longis; bracteis dis- tinctis ovatis acutis 2.25 mm. longis 1.25 mm. latis utrinque ferrugineo-strigosis; hypanthio 2.5-3 mm. longo ferrugineo-strigosis, calycis lobis 5 suborbicularibus rotundatis 2 mm. longis 2.75 mm. latis utrinque ferrugineo-pubescentibus; petalis 5 suborbicularibus rotundatis 2.5 mm. longis 2.75 mm. latis extus ferrugineo-sericeis intus glabris; antheris sub 4-locularibus; stylo basi pubescente; ovario apice pubescente 2-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis; fructu ignoto. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in Bonnetia roraimae forest on south west- facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, state of Bohvar, alt. 2000-2200 m., November 2, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59768, "shrub 5-7 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, dull green and paler below; calyx and peduncles ferruginous." I am following Berg in maintaining the genus Gomidesia, as dis- tinguished by characters in the anthers, apart from Myrcia and A ulo- myrcia. From Gomidesia Hartivegiana Berg the present species differs in the appressed instead of spreading pubescence of the inflorescence, and in the different nervation of the lower leaf surface. From Myrcia Schenckiana Kiaerskou (a member of Gomidesia, which genus is not recognized by Kiaerskou) it differs in the leaf shape primarily, while BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1017 from Myrcia subrugosa Kiaerskou it differs in the more shortly pedi- cellate flowers with glabrous petals and rounded apices of the leaves. Myrcia aguitensis Gleason. Steyermark 58055 is a fruiting specimen from near the type locality. It was collected on the southeastern-facing forested sandstone slopes of Cerro Duida along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo) between 260-610 meters altitude on August 26, 1944. It is doubtfully referred to this species, as it has the leaf blades up to 21 cm. long and up to 7 cm. wide. The petioles are 4-6 mm. long. The fruit is oblong, dull rose turning dark black-purple, 12 mm. long and 7 mm. in diameter. Myrcia bracteata DC. Steyermark 59433 from south-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepul, between Rib Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp, " state of Bolivar, alt. 1250-1520 m., October 27, 1944, belongs here. The species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. It is known from northern Brazil, eastern Peru, southeastern Colombia (Vaupes), and Dutch Guiana. Myrcia deflexa (Poir.) DC. Steyermark 58964 from the southwest- facing slopes of Mount Rorai- ma between base of sandstone bluffs and Rondon Camp, alt. 2040-2255 m., September 30, 1944, and Steyermark 59572 from densely forested sandstone south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' between "Cave Rock" and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., October 30, 1944, may be varietally distinct. No. 59572 has a pubescence with longer and paler hairs than in typical M. deflexa or var. Dussii Kr. & Urb., the inflorescence shorter and more densely flowered, and more closely aggregated flowers on shorter pedicels. Myrcia hirtellaefolia Gleason. Steyermark 57939 from forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m. , August 23, 1944, col- lected near the type locality of this species, has hairs on the stems up to 3 mm. long and leaves that measure up to 5 cm. wide. Other- wise, it is like the species. Myrcia Karsteniana (Berg) Steyermark, comb. nov. Eugenia Karsteniana Berg, Linn. 27: 277. 1854. Steyermark 56522 from dwarf cool forest between El Molino and ridge above San Isidro, state of Merida, alt. 2430-2895 m., May 14, 1944, agrees in all essential details with Eugenia Karsteniana except in the matter of the number of calyx lobes and petals, which are stated to be four in the original description of E. Karsteniana, while in the Steyermark collection they are five. It would appear that the taxon should be referred to Myrcia rather than Eugenia. 1018 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 This species appears closely related to Myrcia coccolobaejona (HBK.) DC. and to Eugenia pycnantha Benth. (PL Hartw. p. 174) = Myrcia pycnantha (Benth.) Steyermark, comb, nov., in which the same type of branched inflorescence and leaf habit prevail. Myrcia mollis (HBK.) DC. Steyermark 56661 from Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama, opposite Me'rida, state of Merida, alt. 1675-2195 m. , May 19, 1944, and Steyermark 55974 from thickets around Hacienda El Joque of Dr. Ricardo Sergent, above Jaji' state of Me'rida, alt. 2195 m., April 20, 1944, may be referred to this species, which has hitherto not been reported from Venezuela. The species was described origi- nally from Colombia, near Pasto. In synonymy with Myrcia mollis should be placed the following: Myrcia cucullata Berg, Linn. 27: 97. 1854. This species was based upon a collection by Moritz 1179 from "prope Merida," Venezuela. Myrcia Gollmeriana Berg, Linn. 29: 221. 1857-8. The type of this species came from Galipan, Distrito Federal. I cannot find any characters by which either of the above species can be kept distinct from M. mollis. Myrcia sanisidrensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Arborescens, ramulis novellis sericeis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis basi incrassatis 6-10 mm. longis novellis sericeis moz glabratis; laminis coriaceis supra atroviridibus subtus pallidioribus ovali- oblongis obtusatis basi subobtusis vel acutiusculis 5.5-10 cm. longis 4-6.5 cm. latis supra praeter costam mediam minutissime sericeam glabris subtus parce adpresso-pilosiusculis costa media parce strigil- losa, novellis subtus dense sericeis, marginibus revolutis utrinque creberrime venoso-reticulatis , subtus nervis lateralibus costa raediaque elevatis, nervis lateralibus 12-13-jugis 2-3 mm. ante marginem anasto- mosantibus; cymis folio brevioribus 4.5-6 cm. longis 6-10-radiatis; pedunculis angulatis 2.3-2.5 cm. longis sericeis, ramulis patento- adscendentibus inferioribus usque 1.5 cm. longis superioribus 0.5 cm. longis sericeis; pedicellis usque 3-4.5 mm. longis sericeis; floribus moderatim multis, ultimis ternis, centrali sessile; hypanthio obconico supra ovarium paullo producto 4 mm. longo eztus infra medium dense sericeo, calycis lobis 5 suborbiculari-rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 3 mm. latis intus sericeis; petalis 5 orbicularibus rotundatis 5 mm. longis 4.5 mm. latis eztus sericeis intus glabris; ovario apice sericeo- hirsutulo, 2-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis, fructu non viso. ^Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in dwarf woods below pa'ramo above San Isidro Alto, state of Me'rida, alt. 1820 m., May 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 56551, "leaves coriaceous, deep green above, paler green below." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1019 This species has some of the general aspect of M. coccolobae folia (DC.) Berg, but differs, among other particulars, in the shorter pe- duncles and pubescent flowers. From Myrcia Karsteniana (Berg) Steyermark, which it also simulates, it differs in the more densely subsericeous twigs, peduncles, and branches of the inflorescence, sparsely strigillose lower leaf surface and midrib of the lower leaf surface, and fewer, larger flowers on longer pedicels. Myrcia sororopanensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor 4.5-6-metralis, ramulis sericeis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 5 mm. longis subvelutinis; laminis subcoriaceis supra atro- viridibus ovatis subito acuminatis basi obtusis vel subrotundatis 4.5-7 cm. longis 2.5-3.2 cm. latis supra plerumque glabris costa media puberula excepta subtus pilosulis costa media praecipue vel demum glabratis costa media puberula excepta, utrinque valde reticulato- venosis, nervis lateralibus 15-20-jugis ante marginem 1.5 mm. anasto- mosantibus, marginibus subrevolutis; paniculis terminal ibus vel subterminalibus 5.5-6 cm. longis in fructu folio longioribus; pedunculis rhachidibus compressis subvelutinis, pedunculis 1.5-2 cm. longis; calycis lobis 5 suborbicularibus rotundatis in fructu 1-1.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis puberulis; ovario sericeo apice hirtello, 2-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis; bacca purpureo-nigra elliptico-ovoidea 1.2-1.3 cm. longa 0.7 cm. lata. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on crest of cerro between east and west end, Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 2255 m., November 14, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60102, "shrub or small tree, 15-20 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dark green above, dull green below; fruit turning dark purple-black, el lip tic- ovoid." This species may be most closely related to M. fallax (Rich.) DC. (M. Kege liana Berg), from which it obviously differs in the glabrous fruit, thicker peduncles and pedicels, and denser pubescence of all parts. Myrcia tepuiensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor 1-9-metralis, ramulis teretibus glabris; foliis brevi- ter petiolatis, petiolis crassis 3-5 mm. longis glabris, laminis ovali- oblongis vel anguste oblongis obtusis vel subrotundatis basi obtusis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis 3-6.5 cm. longis 1.5-3-5 cm. laris utrinque glabris crebre tenuiterque reticulatis, nervis lateralibus 12-13-jugis costa media subtus prominente, marginibus subrevolutis; inflorescen- tiis terminalibus vel in axillis foliorum superiorum paniculatis plerumque folio longioribus, pedunculis ramulisque subglabris vel parce strigillosis ramulis multifloris; hypanthio breviter obconico supra ovarium paullo producto extus utrinque sericeo 1.5-1.75 ram. longo, calycis lobis 5 inaequalibus late ovato-suborbicularibus rotundatis 1.5-2 mm. longis 1.75-2.25 ram. latis ciliolatis extus parce vel moderatim adpresso-pubescentibus; petalis 5 suborbicularibus rotundatis 2.5-3 mm. longis 2.5-3-25 mm. latis extus adpresso- 1020 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 pubescentibus; ovario apice parce subsericeo-pubescente, 2-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis; fructu non viso. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected in rich woods, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan- tepm, state of Bolivar, alt. 1615 m., November 15-17, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 60284, "tree 30 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green above, pale green below; petals greenish-white; calyx and pedicels pale green." Paratypes in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky hematite exposures at west end, on summit of Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 2225-2255 m., November 13, 1944, Steyermark 60085; crest of cerro between east and west end of Sororopan-tepui, state of Bolivar, alt. 2255 m., November 14, 1944, Steyermark 60148. The last two cited collections are shrubs 1 to 3 meters tall. Myrciaria canrensis Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 1.5-metralis, ramulis hornotinis glanduliferis puberulis; foliis petiolatis, petiolis 2 mm. longis puberulis, laminis firme mem- branaceis anguste ellipticis vel elliptico-lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundatis vel obtusis 3-4.5 cm. longis 1-1.5 cm. latis utrinque plerumque glabris valde atropunctatis, costa media subtus valde glandulifera, nervis lateralibus obscuris vel obsoletis subtiliter tenuissimis utroque latere 23-30; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminali- busque ad nodos congestis, bracteis 2 connatis suborbicularibus rotundatis 1.5-1. 8 mm. longis 1.75-2 mm. latis ciliolatis valde glandu- liferis extus leviter puberulis; pedicellis 1.5-2 mm. longis breviter puberulis; hypanthio supra ovarium valde producto 2-2.5 mm. longo extus glabro valde glandulifero, calycis lobis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis 2.25-2.5 mm. latis extus glabris ciliolatis valde glanduliferis; petalis 4 suborbicularibus rotundatis 3 mm. longis 2.5 mm. latis pilosulis ciliolatis valde glanduliferis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis; fructu non viso. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected en las lajas en medio rio, La Prisio'n, Medio Caura, state of Bolivar, alt. 120 ra. , March 3, 1939, Llewelyn Williams 11691, "arbusto 1.5 m. de alto; fls. bianco cremoso; corteza lisa o un poco aspera y de color marron obscuro; albura de color pardo y el corazon mas obscuro." Local name: "guayabito." This species is related to M. maragnanensis Berg and M. mascha- lantha Kiaerskou of Brazil. Myrtus myricoides HBK. A study of my personal collections of Myrtus from Mount Roraima, the type locality of M. stenophylla Oliver and M. roraimensis N.E. Brown, leads me to conclude that these two taxa cannot be separated from M. myricoides HBK. The latter, supposedly native to Peru, BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1021 according to Humboldt & Bonpland (HBK., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 131. t. 539. 1823), has never been substantiated by any documented Peru- vian collections, but has, like M. vaccinioides H.B.K. (also described from Peru but not subsequently collected there), been collected sub- sequently in the Colombian Andes numerous times. Myrtus roraimensis N. E. Brown was described (Trans. Linn. Loc. Ser. 2, 6: 26. 1901) as "omnino glabra" and was stated to resemble M. myricoides H.B.K., "but differs in having perfectly glabrous stems, smaller, narrower, and less acute leaves, shorter pedicels, and smaller calyx-lobes" (loc. cit.). The length of the pedicels was described as "l%-3 lin. long" (loc. cit.) while that of M. myricoides was given at "3-4 lineas longi" (Nov. Gen. p. 131). Actually, there is no difference in pedicel length to distinguish the two taxa, as there is overlapping of length measurements in this character; such speci- mens as Steyermark 58833, a topotype from the summit of Mount Roraima, agreeing in all essential details with the original description of M. roraimensis, possess pedicels varying from 5-9 mm. in length. Nor is there any stability in the character of glabrity associated with M. roraimensis, for, although some collections exhibit complete glabrity or are nearly glabrous, others show varying degrees of pu- bescence on stems and hypanthia until a state comparable to the pubescent stems and hypanthia characteristic of M. myricoides is attained. Oliver (Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, Bot. fl: 273. 1887) indi- cated, without name or description, an im Thurn collection (no. 189) from the top and upper slopes of Rorairaa to be a new species related to M. myricoides HBK., but Brown (loc. cit. p. 26) refers this collec- tions, as well as one made by McConnell & Quelch (no. 495) to M. myricoides, stating that he "cannot distinguish it by any specific character from M. myricoides H.B.K." (loc. cit.). Steyermark 58783, from just below the summit of Roraima, has pubescent stems and hypanthia as well as partly pubescent lower leaf surfaces approaching M. myricoides from Colombia (Huertas & Camargo 339). Myrtus stenophylla Oliver was described from an im Thurn 324 specimen collected from the "Fall on ledge of Roraima" (loc. cit. 273, t. 39a, figs. 1-9). At first, its narrowly oval or linear-oblong leaves, papillose-scabrid stems, and puberulous hypanthium would seem to differentiate it at once from the completely glabrous M. roraimensis or the pubescent M. myricoides. But, here again, transi- tional types occur which are not clearly placed. Steyermark 58769, a topotype from "below waterfall spray" along ledge of Roraima, matches in all details the description and plate of M. stenophylla, especially in the strikingly narrow leaves. However, growing nearby was collected another Myrtus (Steyermark 58770) which has narrow leaves but longer and twice as broad as those of no. 58769 and with the pubescent lower leaf surfaces characteristic of M. myricoides. This may be a hybrid between M. stenophylla (no. 58769) and M. myricoides, or perhaps represents a narrow-leaved state of M. myricoides. 1022 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 In view of the transitional states found in the above collections., it seems desirable to treat the Roraima taxa as varieties of the Andean M. myricoides H.B.K., thus: Myrtus myricoides H.B.K., var. roraimensis (N. E. Brown) Steyerraark, comb. nov. M. roraimensis N.E. Brown, Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 6: 26. 1901. Myrtus myricoides H.B.K., var. stenophylla (Oliver) Steyermark, comb. nov. M. stenophylla Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, Bot. II: 273. t.39a., figs. 1-9. 1887. Thus far, no collections of Myrtus have been recorded from the Venezuelan Andes, but a recent collection of Myrtus (Steyermark 62628) from the summit of Cerro Turumiquire at the eastern end of the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela, is intermediate between M. steno- phylla and M. myricoides. Its distinctive character is its closely ascending instead of divaricately spreading leaves which are as narrow or narrower than those of Steyermark 58770 from the type locality of M. stenophylla (intermediate between M. stenophylla and M. myricoides). In its narrow leaf blades it appears closest to that taxon, but differs from it in the conspicuously ascending blades and dwarf habit. Because of its geographical isolation, combined with the characters mentioned above, I consider it a variety of M. myri- coides, with which it shows relationship in the pubescent stems and hypanthia, but differs in the glabrous lower leaf surfaces, narrow and ascending leaves, and dwarf habit. Myrtus myricoides H.B.K., var. tururaiquirensis Steyermark, var. nov. Fruticulosa 1.5-3 dm.alta; ramulis junioribus scabro-hirtellis; foliis decussatis adscendentibus lanceolato-ellipticis utrinque acutiusculis basi in petiolum angustatis 7-10 mm. longis 2.5-3-5 mm. latis utrinque glabris revolutis; pedunculis unifloris azillaribus cernuis apice bi- bracteolatis 4-8 mm. longis plus minusve hirtellis; bracteolis lineari- bus 4 mm. longis; calycis tubo adpresso-pubescente, lobis calycis oblongo-lanceolatis 2-3 mm. longis glabris; petalis 4-5 mm. longis. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected from moist savanna- like portion of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak of Cerro Tururaiquire with base of southern peak, state of Sucre, alt. 2200 m., May 6, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62628. Vyrtus oxycoccoides Benth. Steyermark 57387 from limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, state of Tachira, alt. 3045-3475 m., July 15, 1944, "creeping in sphagnum moss," is referred to this species. It has been known previously only from the Andes of Colombia. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1023 Plinia fruticosa Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex 0.7-2.7-metralis, ramulis hornotinis hirtellis vetustioribus glabrescentibus; foliis densis erecto-adscendentibus breviter petio- latis, petiolis crassis 2-3 mm. longis glabris; laminis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis elliptico-ovatis obtusis basi cuneatis 2-4.3 cm. longis 1.2-2.5 cm. latis utrinque glabris, nervis lateralibus venisque sub- obsoletis vel nervis lateralibus supra interdum tenuissime prorainulis 8-10-jugis, costa media supra per totam longitudinem mediocriter impresso subtus paullo prominulo, marginibus revolutis, subtus obsolete punctatis; inflorescentiis 4-6-floris, rhachidibus valde abbreviatis vel null is; floribus axillaribus vel subterminalibus con- gestis ad nodos glomeratis subsessilibus; hypanthio turbinato supra ovarium valde producto, in alabastro paene clauso 3.5-4.5 mm. Ion go extus glabro intus sub anthesi puberulis, sepalorum 4 apicibus tantum liberis valvatis, sub anthesi in lobos inaequales profundius disruptis, lobis late oblongis rotundatis -1.5 mm. longis 1.25 mm. latis intus puberulentibus; petalis 4 suborbicularibus 2 mm. longis 1.75 mm. latis utrinque puberulentibus; ovario 2-loculare, loculis 3-ovulatis; bacca globosa purpureo-nigrescente 8 mm. longa 8 mm. diam. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on rocky sandstone summit of eastern part of Cerro Turumiquire, state of Sucre, alt. 2500 m., May 6, 1945, Julian A. Steyermark 62611, "shrub 2-4 feet tall; leaves subcoriaceous, dull green above and below; flowers white, very fragrant; calyx dull green tinged above with reddish; fruit edible, globose, turning purplish-black." Paratype in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peoni'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, state of Anzoategui, alt. 2000- 2300 m., March 21, 1945, Steyermark 61658, "shrub 8 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, rich green above, pale green below; filaments whitish to pale la vender- rose."; same locality, alt. 1800-2000 m., March 20, 1945, Steyermark 61620, "shrub 5-6 feet tall; leaves ascending-erect, coriaceous- chartaceous, subrevolute on margins, deep green and shining above, dull green below." This species has smaller, more shortly pedicellate flowers than Plinia Dussii (Krug & Urb.) Urb., while the leaves and twigs are gla- brous instead of pubescent. It also resembles Myrciaria leucophloea Berg, but differs in the glabrous twigs, glabrous, shorter petioles, and obtuse leaf blades. I am assigning this species to Plinia to be associated with those taxa having the calyx nearly or quite closed in bud with lobes val- vate. Amshoff in 1942 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks. Utrecht 39: 158) considered Myrciaria as a distinct genus, if restricted to Berg's group of the glomeratae and cauliflorae, but in 1950 (Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 42: 11) alters this concept to include under Plinia some of 1024 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Berg's species of Myrciaria with glomerate flowers. In this later expression of opinion she suggests that "several species with glom- erate flowers described by Berg under Marlierea Camb. or Myrciaria Berg will have to be transferred to Plinia," and in a previous para- graph (loc. cit.) states "In the nearly allied genus Myrciaria Berg the sepals are imbricate, the bracts and bractlets small... ." Although Amshoff suggests that the glomerate-flowered Myrciarias (restricted to Berg's group glomeratae and some of the cauliflorae of Myrciaria) should be placed under Plinia, this procedure would throw together some species with imbricate sepals and some with valvate sepals. Since the presently described Plinia fruticosa has the calyx nearly or quite closed in bud and the lobes of the calyx valvate, it falls within the key characters diagnostic of Plinia. Siphoneugena densiflora Berg, var. tepuiensis Steyermark, var. nov. A typo differt racemis pedicellisque brevioribus. Arbor 12-metralis, foliis petiolatis, petiolis 3-4.5 mm. longis, lami- nis coriaceis supra atrovi-ridibus nitidis subtus pallidioribus elliptico- ovatis utrinque angustatis obtusis basi cuneatis 3- 5-6. 5 cm. longis 1.5-3.7 cm. latis, nervis lateralibus 17-19-jugis utrinque tenuissimis costa media utrinque prominula; racemis multifloris abbreviatis 3-4 mm. longis, bracteis 2 distinctis ovatis acutis pilosis ciliolatis, pedicellis 1.5-3 mm. longis; hypanthio cyathiforrai supra ovarium valde producto intus apice faucium papillato-velutino infra medium 2 mm. longo 1.5 mm. lato supra medium 3 mm. longo 2.5-3 mm. lato extus glabro intus apice faucium papillato-velutino; calycis lobis 4 quadrato-suborbicularibus rotundatis 1-1.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis utrinque velutino-papillatis ciliolatis; petalis 4 suborbiculari- rhomboideis rotundatis basi cuneato-attenuatis 1.9-2 mm. longis 2-2.5 mm. latis ciliolatis; ovario 2-loculari, loculis 4-ovulatis; stylo 5-6 ram. longo; fructu ignoto. Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on forested sandstone south- facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," Ptari-tepxu, state of Bolivar, alt. 1700-1800 m., November 1, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59711, "tree 40 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, dark green and shining above, paler green below; petals and filaments white; anthers buff." Paratypes in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on crest of cerro between east and west end, Sororopan-tepui', state of Bolivar, alt. 2255 m., November 14, 1944, Steyermark 60157, "shrub 10 feet tall; leaves coriaceous, deep green and shining above, dull green below; calyx dull green with dull red lobes above." The genus Siphoneugena has not been reported previously from Venezuela. The present described taxon is closely related to S. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1025 densiflora Berg of Brazil, of which I have seen a photograph of the type preserved in the Chicago Natural History Museum Herbarium. The Venezuelan taxon apparently differs from the Brazilian species only in having shorter racemes and pedicels. MELASTOMACEAE6? DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Acisanthera limnobios (DC.) Triana. Around pools of water in rocks, open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58517. Apparently widely distributed in northern South America, but seldom collected since easily overlooked. Plants are usually more or less pubescent, but this one is nearly glabrous throughout. Acisanthera gracilis Ule. Along Orinoco river, at Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama and San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. 100 m., 58425. The only previous collections of the plant are those of Ule on the Rio Branco in northern Brazil. Desmocelis villosa (Aubl.) Naud. On Esmeralda savanna, near Orinoco river, alt. 150 m., 57762. A common species of open places in northern South America. Macairea scabra Cogn. Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Tin', alt. 100 m., 58415. Identifica- tion to this species is reported with some reluctance, since the spe- cies has been known hitherto only from the mountains of Peru. The type specimen has not been available for close comparison, but detailed notes and drawings of the type do not reveal any important differences in our lowland plant. Tibouchina aspera Aubl. Between Esmeralda Ridge and Tree Savanna (Sabana de Arboles), southeast of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57778. This, the type species of the genus, is widely distributed throughout northern South America, especially on savannas and in open places. It is highly variable in stature, size of leaves, development of the inflorescence, and quantity of pubescence. Several varieties have been described and are 'best maintained for the present, although more intensive field work may indicate that some of them are merely ecological variants. 69Melastomaceae by H. A. Gleason 1026 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Aciotis aequatorialis Cogn. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58097. This is the only known Vene- zuelan collection of this little known species of the upper Amazon valley. Acanthella conferta (Veil.) Cogn. Mart. Fl. Bras. 14 :6. pL 4, fig. 2. 1886. Chalepophyllum pungens Standl.&Steyerm., Fieldiana 28: 568. 1953- Dr. John J. Wurdack of the New York Botanical Garden and an authority on the Melastomaceae has called my attention to the simi- larity in the description of Chalepophyllum pungens, of which he had seen no specimens, to Acanthella conferta. I have checked the spe- cimens originally cited under Chalepophyllum pungens and it leaves no doubt that that taxon must be considered an outright synonym of Acanthella conferta. The winged seeds and stipule-like cauline pro- cesses of Acanthella conferta exactly match the winged seeds and "acicular persistent stipules" of Chalepophyllum pungens. Both have small, pungent, aristate-tipped leaves and slender branches. Unfor- tunately, Chalepophyllum pungens was described from fruiting material only. Miconia paberula Cogn. Between Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, in Esmeralda Savanna, near Orinoco river, alt. 150 m., 57763. This is the only known Vene- zuelan collection of this poorly known species, closely related to M. minutiflora. Miconia rufescens (Aubl.) DC. Between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57868. Miconia chrysophylla (Rich.) Urb. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58079. Central America, West Indies, and south to Bolivia. Tococa macrophysca Spruce. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57851. This is the only known Venezuelan collection of this species, which is endemic to the lowlands of the upper Amazon and Orinoco valleys. Myrmidone lanceolata Cogn. Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1027 Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Titi, alt. 100 m., 58414. A poorly known species, apparently endemic to the upper Orinoco valley. Myrmidone macrosperma Mart. Sabana de Arboles, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57899. A species of the upper Amazon and Orinoco valleys. Henriettea Martii (DC.) Naud. Along Rio Sanariapo, Sanariapo, alt. 150 m., 58508. Known only from the valleys of the upper Orinoco and upper Amazon. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Marcetia juniperina (Spreng.) DC. Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58039. The species is restricted to the higher mountains of Venezuela, doubtless extending somewhat into Brazil and British Guiana. Miconia aguitensis Gleason. Southeastern-facing sandstone bluffs near Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 1095-1520 m., 58025. The original collection, from the same locality, could not be referred to a section. The new material exhibits fruit only, which is sufficient to indicate its ad- herence to section Tamonea. Miconia stephananthera Ule. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, 1025-1200 m., 58275. Also known from French Guiana. Maieta guianensis Aubl. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57961. Para, Brazil, and French Guiana to Colombia and Bolivia. RORAIMA Microlicia bryanthoides Oliver. Endemic, so far as known, to the summit of Mount Roraima. Steyer- mark 58776, with leaves about 1 cm. long, agrees most closely with the type. Steyermark 58867, collected on the summit, has much shorter leaves and internodes, but otherwise differs in no essential particular. Acisanthera erecta Gl. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue'-meni (tributary of Rio Kukena'n), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59127. Known also from Auyan-tepui and Duida. 1028 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Acisanthera bivalvis (Aubl.) Cogn. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukena'n and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59267. Although this collection is the only one thus far known from Venezuela, it is a widely distributed species ranging from British Honduras to Brazil. Macairea rigida Benth. Gran Sabana, along wooded portion of quebrada tributary to Rio Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1005-1065 m., 59120. Known only from the Pacaraima Mountains. In Venezuela previously collected by Tate from Duida. Tibouchina aspera Aubl. var. asperrima Cogn. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59126; between waterfall at Rue-meru and Divina pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59239. Plant more densely pubescent, with rougher, longer, more spreading hairs than typical T. aspera. Comolia villosa (Aubl.) Triana. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 ra., 59285; between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru' (tributary of Rio Kukena'n), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59184. Graffenrieda obliqua Triana. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58978. Leandra chaetodon (DC.) Cogn. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kuke- nan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59231. A not uncommon species of the western Amazonian forests. Miconia holosericea (L.) Triana. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering Rio Kukena'n, between Kun and base of Mount Roraima, alt. 975-1065 m., 58542. Widely distributed in tropical America from Trinidad to southern Brazil. Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. Southwest-facing forested slopes between Rondon Camp and base of sandstone bluffs, alt. 2040-2255 m., 58947. In this collection the leaves tend to be obovate, the pubescence is much thicker and looser, and many of the hairs are distinctly stipitate-stellate; the character of the flowers and stamens is typical. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1029 Miconia Chamissois Naud. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59309. British Honduras to southern Brazil. Miconia stephananthera Ule. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59179. Miconia longifolia (Aubl.) DC. Wooded margin of stream, Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59291. Widely distributed, chiefly at low elevations, in the West Indies and northern South America, south to Bolivia. Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukena'n), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59178. Tococa guianensis Aubl. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59282. Common and widespread in northern South America. PTARI-TEPUl' Siphanthera Tatei Gl. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59399; vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60482. Hitherto known only from the type locality on Mount Auyan-tepui' where it was collected by Tate at 1100 meters altitude. Siphanthera cordifolia (Benth.) Gl. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59345; dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. loOO m., 59662. The species has long been known from Mount Roraima and the high savan- nas. The above-cited collections extend the range of the species westward to Ptari-tepui. Ernestia tenella DC. In swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59671. Although only nine species of this curious genus have been de- scribed, they are all in need of a thorough study and revision. Two 1030 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 groups of species may be distinguished, with 4-merous and 5-merous flowers; within the former group species have been separated chiefly by the nature of the anthers. These are so elaborately appendaged that there is reason to suspect that differences among them may be due merely to intraspecific variability. Macairea aspera N. E. Brown. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59356; low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui', vicinity of "Misia Kathy Campv" alt. 1585 m., 59467. Also known from Mount Roraima, Auyan-tepui, and Kaieteur Savana. Macairea parvifolia Benth. Thickets in moist sandy ground on Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59328; savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60322. At the latter station it is one of the dominant shrubs, where it is known as "quita-pan-yek." This general region is the type locality; the species is also known from Auyan-tepui'. Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq. Savanna between Rio Tek-Yunsen and Carrao-tepui, alt. 1460 m., 60836. A common and often weedy species widely distributed in tropical South America. Tibouchina fraterna N. E. Brown. Dry rocky thickets, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59389; low scrubby growth of flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59465. First described from Roraima, but now known to be widely distributed throughout the Pacaraima region. Tibouchina Moritziana (Klotzsch) Cogn. Sororopan-tepui' alt. 2225-2255 m., 60050. Endemic to Venezuela. Microlicia cordigera (Mart. & Schr. ) DC. var. andicola (Naud.) Cogn. Forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59500. The typical element of the species is restricted to central and southern Brazil, while the variety is known only from the mountains of Venezuela. Marcetia taxifolia (St. Hil.) DC. Sororopa'n-tepui' alt. 2225-2255 m., 60083. Abundant and widely I BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1031 distributed in central Brazil; known north of the Amazon only from the Pacaraima region and locally in the Oriente section of the Cor- dillera de la Costa. Aciotis laxa (Rich.) Cogn. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh, alt. 1220 m., 60524. An abundant species in the forested parts of northern South America. Aciotis purpurascens (Aubl.) Triana. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60444; lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065. m., 60533. The most abundant species of the genus, common in forests of northern South America. Monochaetum Bonplandii (Kunth) Naud. At base of and on main south-facing high, sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui', alt. 2400-2410 m., 59602. Widely distributed in the moun- tains of Colombia, extending east in Venezuela to Mount Roraima. Adelobotrys guianensis (DC.) Gl. South- facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 59441. A widely distributed liana of northern South America. Meriania sclerophylla (Naud.) Triana. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1600 m., 59680. The species has hitherto been known only from Mount Roraima. Meriania urceolata Triana. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60324; Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Ri'o Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59357. Known in Venezuela only from the present collections and from a Rorairaa collection by Steyerraark (no. 59779). Otherwise known from Peru and northwestern Brazil. Graffenrieda obliqua Triana. Forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 595J9. Endemic to this section of Venezuela. Graffenrieda ovalifolia Naud. Upper drier portion of wooded slopes of Ouebrada O-paru-ma, be- 1032 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 tween Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60357. Local name: "sacau-yek." Endemic to the Pacaraima region. Graffenrieda sessilifolia Triana. On forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock," above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59493. Other- wise known only from Mount Roraima, Auyan-tepui, and Cerro Yavi. Graff enrieda stenopetala Ule. Steep, forested slopes at base of first line of sandstone bluffs, on south-facing part of Ptari-tepui, east of "Cave Rock," alt. 2130 m., 59842. Known also from Mount Roraima, the type locality, and from eastern Peru. Centronia crassiramis Triana. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60253. Also known from Mount Roraima. Macrocentrum droseroides Triana. Epiphyte at base of mossy trunks, lower southeastern slopes of Carrao-tepui', alt. 1675-1980 ra., 60867. Previously known only from sandstone savannas of British Guiana. Diolena repens Gl. South-facing, densely forested slopes between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," Ptari-tepui, alt. 1500-1520 m., 59467. So far, only two species are known within one small group of the genus, D. agrimonioides Tr. and D. pileoides Tr. Maguire has since collected the third species, the present one above cited, and described (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 75: 541. 1948) from the Potaro River Gorge, near Kaieteur Falls, British Guiana. This third species differs from the other two mentioned above in its creeping habit, pendent stems, and glabrous herbage. Steyermark's plant agrees with the Kaieteur plant in all general features, including the minute conic scales on the hypanthium and pedicel; it differs in its leaves, which average a trifle longer in proportion to their width, and in its sepals, which are dis- tinctly triangular, while those of the Kaieteur plant are semicircular. For only two collections, one name should at present be sufficient. Leandra polyadena Ule. Upper slopes of Carrao-tepui', alt. 2130-2430 m., 60880. Also known from Mount Roraima. Leandra secundiflora (Schr. & Mart.) Cogn. Sororopa'n-tepu/, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60097. Notwithstanding the leaves, which are as much as 12 cm. wide, the plant has been referred to this species, with which it agrees in pubescence, inflorescence, BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1033 5-merous flowers, and unappendaged seeds. Widely distributed in the Amazonian region from Para, Brazil to Peru. Miconia acutifolia Ule. Densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high, sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285- 2405 m., 59587; crest of cerro between east and west end of Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2255 m., 60135. The only previously known station is Mount Roraima. Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. On densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high, sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59597; dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60709; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60105. Steyermark 59597 and 60709 collections are of the usual appearance, but Steyermark 60105 has somewhat smaller and more coriaceous leaves, shorter sepals, and the larger stamens have a conspicuous dorsal elevation on the connective. A common and widely distributed species. Miconia superba Ule. Forested sandstone, south-facing slopes between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59718; southeast- facing slopes, Ptari-tepui, alt. 1585-1600 m., 60017. Also known from Mount Roraima, the type locality, and Auyan-tepui. Miconia silicicola Gl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60352. Also known from Cerro Duida, Roraima, and British Guiana. Miconia tomentosa (Tich.) Don. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60766. Local name: "sacau-yek." Abundant, chiefly at low elevations, from British Honduras and Cuba to southern Brazil and Bolivia. Miconia alata (Aubl.) DC. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60508. Tropical South America, from the Caribbean to southern Brazil. Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana. Margin of steep woods bordering savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on 1034 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 large mesa, alt. 1220 ra., 59382. Widely distributed in tropical Ameri- ca from southern Mexico to Paraguay and Bolivia. Miconia aplostachya (Bonpl.) DC. Swampy places in dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopa'n-tepui , alt. 1220 m., 60727. Local name: "sacau-yek." Northern South America from Surinam to Colombia. Miconia argyrophylla DC. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma' between Santa Teresita de Kavanayeh and Rio Pacairao, alt. 1065-1220 m., 60387. Local name: "sacau-yek." By no means a common species, but ranging from the Caribbean Sea to Bolivia. Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. Woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1375-1460 m., 60809. Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay and Bolivia. Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC. Woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1375-1460 m., 60810. Almost throughout tropical South America at low or medium altitudes. Miconia stephananthera Ule. Along Rio Karuai, northwest of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60828; southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., 60033. Local names: "sacau-yek" and "sacau-urai-yek. " Also known from French Guiana. Miconia chrysophylla (Rich.) Urb. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepui' and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60606. Local name: "sacan-yek. " Central America, West Indies, and south to Bolivia. Miconia hypoleuca (Benth.) Triana. Dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 ra., 60628. Local name: "sacau-yek." Colombia to Trinidad and Bahia, Brazil, usually at low elevations. Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC. Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225-2255 m., 60100. Mexico and West Indies to southern Brazil. Miconia virgulata Gl. South- facing, densely forested slopes along fast-running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," Ptari-tepui', alt. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1035 1500 m., 59451. The above collection is the only one known from Venezuela. It is also known from western British Guiana. Miconia tinifolia Naud. Along base of east-facing, high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59929. Known also from the coastal Cordillera and Andes of Venezuela and Mount Roraima. Tococa aristata Benth. South-facing, densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," Ptari-tepvu, alt. 1250-1520 m., 59434; southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., 60037. Local name: "mika-warei-yek." This is the only known collection from Venezuela thus far recorded, but the species is a common one in the Amazonian flora from French and British Guiana to the upper Amazon Valley. Tococa nitens (Benth.) Triana. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m. , 59329; north- west of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60825. Abundant in savannas overlying sandstone as far east as Kaieteur Falls and south to adjacent Brazil. Maieta gaianensis Aubl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Pio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60439. Local name: "mike-yek" (signifying ant-tree). Maieta Poeppigii Mart. South-facing, densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," Ptari-tepui', alt. 1250-1520 m., 59425. Primarily an Amazonian species, extending from Para', Brazil, to eastern Peru. Clidemia capitata Benth. Dry rocky thickets, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59390. Endemic to the Roraima region. Clidemia coriacea (Naud.) Cogn. Crest of cerro between east and west end of Sororopa'n-tepui', alt. 2255 m., 60110; Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest- facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui', alt. 2000-2200 m., 59729. Endemic to the Pacaraima Mountain region. Clidemia involucrata DC. Sororopan-tepui', wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru'-meru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60190; Ptari-tepui, south- 1036 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 facing, densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59478. These collections are the only ones known at present in Venezuela. The species is other- wise distributed from French and British Guiana to Trinidad. Clide mia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m. , 60316. Abundant throughout the American tropics. Bellucia circumscissa Spruce. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60588. Local name: "karare-yek. " The fruit is sweet and edible, while the flowers bear a rich, very fragrant perfume. The specimen agrees well with the original collection by Spruce along the Rio Negro. Henriettea stellaris Berg. Wooded^ slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60405. Local name: "yara-yek." The fruit of this common tree is edible. This species is known only from the valley of the upper Amazon. Henriettea succosa (Aubl.) DC. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepui' and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 ra., 60608. Local name: "mutube-yek. " A common species from Central America through northern South America to eastern Brazil. Topobea floribunda Gl. Forested sandstone, south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59705. Hitherto known only from Cerro Duida. Mouriri nervosa Pilger. Lower portion of wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60437. Local name: "yur-wa-da-ru-yek." A species described from the Amazonian portion of Brazil, not hitherto reported from Venezuela. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq. SUCRE: in valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western ex- tension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neven' along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62725. A common and often weedy species widely distributed in tropical South America. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1037 Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl.) Cogn. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61819. Abundant and widely distributed in South America from the Caribbean to Paraguay. Marcetia taxifolia (St. Mil.) DC. ANZOATEGUI: South-facing steep slopes, on rocky, exposed, shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61602. Local name: "vira- vira." This is the only record of this species in Venezuela outside of its other stations in the Pacaraima Mountain region of the country. Monochaetum hirtum Triana. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing, steep slopes, on rocky exposed, shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Pepm'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 1800-2000 m., 67589. Endemic to Venezuela. Conostegia icosandra (Sw.) Urb. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Ouebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62200. Widely distributed in tropical America, but the above collection is the only one thus far recorded for Venezuela. Miconia megaphylla Gl. ANZOATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neven, between Rio Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Ber- ganti'n, alt. 800-1200 m., 61367. The present collection is the only one known from Venezuela. Although the species was originally described from Bolivia, it has been collected in western British Guiana by Pinkus. Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. ANZOATEGUI:^ Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carraelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61421, 61412. Steyermark 61421 is of the usual appearance for this species, but 61412 from the same cerro has somewhat smaller and more coriaceous leaves, shorter sepals, and the larger stamens have a conspicuous dorsal elevation on the connective. Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn. ANZO/TEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neveri^, between Ri'o Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 61353. A common species, extending 1038 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 from Cuba to southern Brazil. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Miconia argyrophylla DC. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62223. By no means a common species, but ranging from the Caribbean Sea to Bolivia. The species has not been recorded previously as far east in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Miconia nervosa (Sm.) Triana. M. septuplinervis Pittier, based upon Steyermark 62196, is a syno- nym of this species. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62196. Abundant at low altitudes from southern Mexico to Bolivia. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Miconia virescens (Vahl) Triana. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62452. Previously known in Venezuela from the region of Caracas. The species is known also from Trinidad and Tobago. Miconia dolichopoda Naud. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62460. Not previously recorded in Venezuela outside of the region of Caracas. Reported from Costa Rica. Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogn. SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri', along headwaters of Rio de Amana, alt. 2000 m. , 62755. An abundant spe- cies, especially at moderate altitudes, from Central America to Bolivia and southern Brazil. Clide mia aphanantha (Naud.) Sagot. ANZOATEGUI:^ Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita, " between Rio Leon and Berganti'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61415. In Venezuela not previously recorded except from the region of Caracas. Widely distributed at low and medium altitudes from Venezuela to southern Brazil. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1039 Loreya mespiloides Miq. ANZoXTEGUI: between Cucuta and Los Chorros, east of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1000 m., 67522. Local name: "uva." The present collection is the only known record for the species in Venezuela. The species is most abundant in French Guiana and Surinam, but has been reported as far west as Peru. Benriettella tovarensis Cogn. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and Quebrada El Boquero'n, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62461. MONAGAS: forested southwest-facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de Las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61845. ANZoXjEGUI: Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose', between Berganti'n and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 ra., 61536. Endemic to the mountains of Venezuela. Not previously recorded outside of its other stations in the vicinity of Colonia de Tovar in the state of Aragua. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Castrate lla pilose lloides (Bonpl.) Naud T/CHIRA: limestone outcrops of Pa'ramo de Tama' near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57408. Hitherto known chiefly from the eastern Cordillera of Colombia, where it ranges from Bogota northward. Monochaetum discolor Karst. LARA: wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55274. The rarest South American species of the genus, restricted to the mountains of western Venezuela. Monochaetum Humboldtianum (Kunth & Bouche) Kunth. TACHIRA: wet thickets, between El Cobre and Cordero, alt. 1520- 1820 m. Previously known only from the general vicinity of Caracas and westward in the Cordillera de la Costa. This is the only record of the species in the Andes of Venezuela. Monochaetum venosum Gl. TACHIRA: thickets along quebrada, above Betania, at base of Paramo de Tama', alt. 2285-2430 m., 57287. Originally described from Santander, Colombia, and here reported from Venezuela for the first time. Meriania grandidens Triana. TA'CHIRA: between Paraguita and Tabor, along Rio Tachira, along Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-1980 m., 57150. An Andean species previously known from Colombia. 1040 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Axinaea macrophylla (Naud.) Triana. ME'RIDA: dwarf woods below paramo above San Isidro Alto, alt. 1820 m., 56554. LARA: upper limit of dwarf woods between Las Sabanetas and ridge top, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55363, locally called "laurelito." These two collections are the only ones known from Venezuela. Elsewhere the species is found from Colombia to Ecuador. Centronia insignis (Naud.) Triana. MERIDA: common tree in dwarf cool forest between El Molino and ridge above San Isidro Alto, alt. 2430-2895 m., 56533. A rarely col- lected plant of northeastern Colombia; apparently the first record from Venezuela. Miconia tomentosa (Rich.) Don. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bole'ro, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56723. Abundant, chiefly at low elevations, from British Honduras and Cuba to southern Brazil and Bolivia. Not previously recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. Miconia lonchophylla Naud. MERIDA: Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama, opposite Merida, alt. 2195-2375 ra., 56666. This species is known also from Colombia and Panama. This is the only record of its oc- currence in the Andes of Venezuela, the other stations occurring in the vicinity of Caracas in the Cordillera de la Costa. Miconia nervosa (Sm.) Triana. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bole'ro, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56709. This collection is the only record for this species from the Andes of Venezuela. Miconia smaragdina Naud. MERIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua' alt. 1950-2135 ra., 56410. Also known from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. The present collection is the only known one from Venezuela. Miconia stenostachya DC. MERIDA: between Mucuchachi and Canagua, alt. 1065-1820 m., 56338. Abundant, especially at low elevations, from Mexico and Trini- dad to southern Brazil and Bolivia. The present collection cited is the only one known from the Andes of Venezuela. Miconia lucid a Naud. MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56092. Identification has been made from personal notes and a photograph of the type, collected near Caracas. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1041 The present collection is the only station known for the species in the Andes of Venezuela. Miconia nitidissima Cogn. MERIDA: rich steep forested slopes above "La Is la," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56593. Although assigned to Sect. Tamonea by Cogniaux, the species belongs rather in Sect. Amblyarrhena. Miconia rupestris Ule. MERIDA: dry rocky slopes between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55712. The plant is referred to this species with re- luctance. It is the only known collection from Venezuela thus far to be referred to this species. Miconia chionophylla Naud. MERIDA: Laguna Mucubaji' above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57514. The present collection is the only one known thus far from Venezuela. The species ranges at high altitudes in the Andes as far south as Peru. Tococa platyphylla Benth. MliRIDA: rich, steep, forested slopes, a common ground cover, between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55766. The present collection is the only one known from Venezuela. The species is also known from Colombia. Mouriri rhizophoraefolia (DC.) Triana. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-225 m., 62838. This is the first record of this species from Venezuela. It has been known previously only from the island of Tobago. The immature flower buds of the Steyermark collection show fused calyx lobes closed and undivided before anthesis (characteristic of section Olisbea of subgenus Mouriri), 5 convolute petals, and 10 stamens. Although Morley (The genus Mouriri, U. of Cal. Publ. Bot. 26 no. 3: 225. 1953) has stated that Berg's genus Aulacocarpus, originally assigned to the Myrtaceae, has proved to belong to Mouriri, he expressed uncertainty about the affinities of Aulacocarpus Sellowianus Berg = Mouriri Sellowiana (Berg) Burret and Aulaco- carpus crassifolius (Benth.) Berg (based upon Campomanesia eras si- folia Benth.) = Mouriri pachyphylla Burret, since their flowers were unknown and leaf material was not available for study. However, careful study of fruiting material collected by Cuatrecasas in Colom- bia (Cuatrecasas 16158 from Veneral, Rio Yurumangui, Dept. del Valle) labeled Campomanesia eras si folia, leaves no doubt in the mind of the present author that it is indeed referable to Mouriri pachyphylla and closely related to M. rhizophoraefolia (DC.) Triana of Tobago. 1042 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ONAGRACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Jussiaea sedioides Humb. & Bonpl. Along Orinoco river at Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58527. RORAIMA Jnssiaea nervosa Poir. var. typica Munz. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58546. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Jussiaea suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia f. linearifolia (Hassler) Munz. SUCRE: around airport at Cumana, alt. 5 m., 57658. ANDES Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. var. nana Fern & Grisc. MERIDA: open swamps with Typha, Juncus, and Eleocharis, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430 m., 56008. This is the first record of the genus and species in Venezuela. HALORRHAGIDACEAE CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Laurembergia tetrandra (Schott) Kanitz. SUCRE: in swampy meadow, Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62704. Also collected from the state of MERIDA: alt. 2200 m., Funck & Schlim 1206. The collection from the state of Sucre was given the name of "balsamo." When the plant is boiled in water and the infusion drunk, it is stated by the local inhabitants to be effi- cacious in the treatment of snake bite. The genus Laurembergia is not cited in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, and the genus and species are here recorded in Venezuela for the first time.* Specimens have been seen also from Uruguay and Brazil. *During the long interval in which this paper has been in the hands of the publisher, Dr. Lasser (Bol. Acad. Cienc. Fis. Matemat. y Natur., no. 47:5-7. 1953) has already referred to the presence of this genus in Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1043 ARALIACEAE PTARI-TEPuf Didymopanax Morotoni (Aubl.) Dene. & Planch. Wooded slopes ^of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60436. Local name: "pau-ne-yek." The wood of this tree is used in the making of drums (tambores). VThen a tree belonging to this species is cut down, a hollow sound is given off. The Indians of this area strip off the bark, then use the rest of the trunk, and cover both ends with monkey leather. Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Dene. & PI. Sororopan-tepui", wooded ridge between quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-raeru), alt. 1615-1980 m., 60189; lower south- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60688. Schefflera coriacea (March.) Harms. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepuf and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60282. Local name: "pone-yek." Previously known in Venezuela only from Roraima, the type locality. Schefflera umbellata (N. E. Br.) Viguier. Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest- facing shoulder of Ptari- tepui, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59745; summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2470- 2500 m., 60904. Sometimes known as "po-ni-dik." This species has hitherto been known from Duida and Roraima. The leaves may be not only 6-8-foliolate, but also 3- or 5-foliolate as in no. 60904; they may also be broadly obovate and rounded at apex. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Dendropanax Fendleri Seem. MONAGAS: forested southwest-facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61856; El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200- 1450 m. , 62026. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes above La Trinidad in cloud forest zone, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 2100-2200 m., 62531, 62534. ANZOATEGUI: cloud forest on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantm, alt. 2350 m., 61684; headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Berganti'n, alt. 900-1400 ra., 61738. The vernacular name for this species in the Oriente is "mangle." All parts of the tree, including bark, foliage, and fruits have a spicy fragrance, somewhat resembling turpentine or varnish. 1044 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 This species is the common one in the Cordillera de la Costa from Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua east to Cerro Turumiquire in the state of Sucre. Previously, it had been recorded only from the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia Tovar. Although Dendropanax Fendleri was properly published by Seeraan (Journ. Bot. 2: 301. 1864), this name was overlooked by Knuth in his Initia Florae Venezuelensis (Rep. Spec. 43. 1928) and in the second volume of the Catalog© de la Flora Venezolana. A synonym of this species is Gilibertia Fendleri (Seem.) March ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Oreopanax chrysoleucum PI. & Lind. MERIDA: at or near limit of tree growth on paramo, Alto de Pinango, between Los Corales and La Lagunito, on trail between Las Cuadras and Timotes, alt. 3700 m., 55837. Vernacular name: "sombra. " A rare species, for which no definite locality was cited in the second volume of the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana. Oreopanax lancifolium PI. & Lind. LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55261. Vernacular name: "tortogilla." The white wood is used in the making of tables and for other cabinet work. The species has been known previously in Venezuela only from the type collection, for which no definite locality was cited in the second volume of the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana. Oreopanax reticulatus (Willd.) Dene. & Pi. DISTRITO FEDERAL: south- facing slopes of Cordillera del Avila, just above Caracas, along trail towards Los Venados, alt. 1520-1675 m., 55075. This species was described from Silla de Caracas, but has been confused with the similar 0. Moritzii Harms, from the Rio Chama, state of Merida in the Venezuelan Andes. However, Oreopanax Moritzii has the leaves almost glabrate below and finely reticulate-rugulose above, while the peduncles are more slender and the heads are smaller. To be referred to 0. reticulatus are Williams 12253, 12353, and 13617, all collected from Agua Negra in Distrito Federal. Schefflera Pittieri Harms. MERIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55805. Previously known only from the type collection made by Pittier in the Cordillera de la Costa. Harms separates this species from S. quindiuensis (HBK.) Harms on the basis of the smaller flowers with 6-8, instead of 8-10, styles. It should be noted, moreover, that there is a further difference in the BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1045 shape of the fruit, that in S. Pittieri being oblong and narrower, whereas that in S. quindiuensis is more globose or subheraispheric and broader than high. Steyermark 55805 differs from the original description of S. Pittieri in having glabrous or subglabrate young fruits instead of an ovary which is "tomentellum vel puberulum," as described for S. Pittieri. On the other hand, glabrous fruits are described for S. quindiuensis. It may be that S. Pittieri represents nothing more than a variety of S. quindiuensis having fewer styles and differently shaped fruits, as the leaves appear the same in both species. For the present, however, and until additional collections are available, both species are being retained as distinct. Schefflera rubiginosa (Dene. & Planch.) Steyermark, comb. nov. Sciadophyllum rubiginosum Dene. & Planch., Rev. Hort. Ser. 4. Ill: 107. 1854, nomen. LARA: moist cloud forest on south- and southwest-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530- 2575 m., 55239. This species was not recorded in the second volume of the Catalogo de la Flora Venezuelana. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. MONAGAS: level savanna in valley of San Agustfn, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1100m., 61799. A synonym of this is Centella biflora (Veil.) Nannfeldt. This is a widely distributed, variable species, and there is little basis for the recognition of local variants. The genus and species have not been recorded previously for Venezuela. ANDES Arracacia vaginata Coult. & Rose. LARA: in woods and around paramo, between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55455, 55475. Local names: "apio de monte," "apio de paramo," and "bicue." This plant has been known in herbaria for a number of years as Tauschia Jahnii Rose, a nomen subnudum published by Pittier. Dr. 70Umbelliferae by Mildred Mathias and Lincoln Constance 1046 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Constance, in the Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 76: 50, footnote 51. 1949, cites both these collections and calls attention to their correct identity. Azorella crenata (R. & P.) Pers. LARA: dry paramo soil, between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 3290m., 55494. This species has been previously recorded for Venezuela on the basis of a collection by Linden 457 from the Andes of Merida. It is known also from Colombia. Donnellsmithia peucedanoides (HBK.) Math. & Const. MERIDA: grassy flat slopes along escarpment of Rio Chama, on terrace above Tabay, alt. 2440 m., 57046. This species has been known previously from Chihuahua to Guate- mala and Honduras. The present collection from Venezuela and one by Roberto Mario 6 from San Gil, Colombia, extend the species into South America. Eryngium humile var. caulescens Jameson. LARA: in wet meadow around depressions, at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55308. Local name: "vira vira blanca." This caulescent variety occurs from Venezuela to Peru at higher elevations. The present collection extends the range in Venezuela to the easternmost known portion of its range in the Andes. Hydrocotyle venezuelensis Rose. LARA: creeping on moist shaded ground along dry stream bed, between Buenos Aires to Canyon of El Callado, above Humocaro Alto, alt. 2285-2740 m., 55520. Previously recorded at elevations of 1800- 2200 m., in the Cordillera de la Costa in the state of Aragua and Distrito Federal. Niphogeton dissecta (Benth.) F. Macbr. var. dissecta. LARA: dry paramo, between Buenos Aires and Pa'rarao de las Rosas, alt. 3290 m., 55487. Local name: "perejillito." The root is used in the preparation of a beverage. This species occurs in paramos at elevations from 2300 to 4400 meters in the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. The present collection extends the range in Venezuela to the easternmost part of its range in the Andes. Niphogeton angustisecta (Wolff) Math. & Const. ' r f MERIDA: climbing on wet slope of paramo, Paramo de Pozo Negro, between San Jose and Beguilla, alt. 2590-3220 m., 56280. This is the first collection from Venezuela of a northern Colombian species. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1047 Sanicula Liberta Cham. & Schl. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285- 3290 m., 55446. Local names: "pega pega," "apio de monte." In this region the plant is used with other herbs in the preparation of a jelly to be given to women during menstruation. This is a common species from Nuevo Leon and Taraaulipas to Peru. CLETHRACEAE RORAIMA Clethra guianensis Kl. ex Meissn. Southwest-facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155 m., 58596. Not previously recorded from Venezuela. Local name: "lau-yek." PTARI-TEPUI Clethra guianensis Kl. ex Meissn. Along base of east-facing, high, sandstone bluffs, Ptari-tepui, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59947; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60155. The present collections, and the one cited under the Roraima section, are the only recorded ones from Venezuela. ANDES Clethra bicolor HBK. MERIDA: rich, steep, northwest- and north east- facing, forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56610, 56611. Local name: "arrangure." This species has not been previ- ously recorded from Venezuela. Clethra ovalifolia Turcz. vel aff. TACHIRA: moist woods at base of Pa'ramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57349. This collection seems to fit this species, although there is some doubt about the determination. The species has not been previously recorded from Venezuela. 1048 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ERICACEAE71 DUIDA SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Befaria glauca Humb. & Bonpl. var. typica Mansf. & Sleumer. On ridge top, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 53269. In establishing this typical variety of the widespread and highly variable B. glauca, Mansfeld and Sleumer (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 12: 252. 1935) cite material from Andean Venezuela (type locality), Colombia, and Bolivia. The cited specimen from Duida agrees per- fectly with typical material. Befaria hispid a Poepp. & Endl. Savanna Hills, summit of Duida, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58302. Although this species has a wide range and is known from Mount Roraima, it is apparently new to Duida. Ledothamnus parviflorus Gleason. Along rocky banks of Cano Negro, summit of Duida, between Brocchinia Hills and Savanna Hills, alt. 1050-1600 m., 58215. This interesting collection, apparently the second known of the species and from the precise type locality, agrees perfectly with the type. Although Gleason 's original description states: "pedicels... minutely glandular-pubescent," re-examination of the type specimen indicates that truly glandular hairs are not present. The pedicels bear two types of pubescence: (1) a close downy layer of minute white hairs, and (2) longer, sparser, thicker, straight white hairs about 0.5 mm. long, these latter being very few on some pedicels. Pernettya marginata N. E. Br. On exposed rocky summit of Duida, alt. 1820-2075 m., 58332. This species, the position of which has been discussed by Sleumer in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 209. 1936, is otherwise known from Mt. Roraima. RORAIMA Gaultheria odorata Willd. Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040- 2130 ra., 58695. Ericaceae by Albert C. Smith BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1049 The advisability of referring this Mt. Roraima specimen to G. odo- rata may well be questioned, since it differs from typical material of the species, from the Andes of northern Venezuela, in several features. The leaf-blades are more broadly ovate, merely rounded rather than subcordate at base, and comparatively coarsely veined. The flowers are larger in all respects than those of typical specimens, and the indument of the calyx and corolla is somewhat thicker. Pinkus 147 (NY, US), also from Mt. Roraima, represents the same form as Steyer- mark 58695, but is less extreme in flower-size. When the complex of forms now passing as G. odorata is better understood, the Mt. Roraima material will probably merit nomenclatural recognition. PTARI-TEPuf Befaria glauca Humb. & Bonpl. var. tomentella Mansf. & Sleumer. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59338. Mansfeld and Sleumer accredit this variety with a range of Peru and Bolivia, with a single record from Mt. Roraima; the cited specimen appears to belong here, although the varieties of B. glauca are not well marked. Other Venezuelan specimens from the same general region as Steyermark's which appear to represent var. tomentella are: Cerro Sarisarinama, Cardona 377 (U.S. Nat. Herb.); between Cerro Perai and R/o Uaiparu, Cardona 1865 (U.S. Nat. Herb.). Befaria hispida Poepp. & Endl. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1600 m., 59679. According to Mansfeld and Sleumer (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 12: 275. 193*5) this species has a range from Peru and Bolivia to Vene- zuela and includes B. guianensis Kl. from Mt. Roraima. Befaria Imthurnii N. E. Br. Sororopan-tepui, on rocky hematite exposures on open slopes of summit at west end, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60049. Otherwise known from the Mt. Roraima region, where it is also represented by Steyermark 58786 and 58816. Befaria variabilis A. C. Sm. Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60720. Previously recorded only from Mt. Duida, the type locality; also represented by Cardona 2301 (U.S. Nat. Herb.) from Cerro Acopan, Carom', alt. 2200 m. 1050 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Gaultheria alnifolia (Dun.) A. C. Sm. Sororopan- tepui , on rocky hematite exposures on open slopes on summit at west end, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60057. Although somewhat smaller in its foliar dimensions than typical material of the species from the northern Venezuelan Andes, including material from Sucre and adjacent states cited elsewhere in this report, the present plant agrees in all essential details with G. alnifolia. Ledothamnus guyanensis Meissn. On big boulder in Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest- facing shoulder of Ptari-tepuf, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59747. The cited specimen apparently represents the typical form of L. guyanensis, of which the young leaves are pilosulous, rather than var. nitidus A. C. Sm. of Auyan-tepuf. The typical variety has hitherto been known only from Mt. Roraima. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE REGION Befaria glauca Humb. & Bonpl. var. coarctata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Mansf. & Sleumer. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on summit of western peak, alt. 2300 m., 62679. ANZoXTEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky ex- posed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61640, 61641 (with shorter petals). MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guana- guana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62248. This variety, which appears to differ from var. typica only in degree of pubescence, is given the distribution by Mansfeld and Sleumer of Bolivia and Peru to Colombia, with a single record from Mt. Roraima. However, I have seen other Venezuelan specimens than those cited which are also referable to var. coarctata. Dr. Steyermark's collec- tions also include three specimens from Mt. Roraima which may be referred here: 58600, 58673, 58779. Gaultheria alnifolia (Dun.) A. C. Sm. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiauire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Ri'o de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62694. ANZOA'- TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajari- tos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Berganti'n, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61598. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62063. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1051 Common name: "pejoa," "pijoa," or "pejua." The leaves have a wintergreen-like odor; when placed in boiled sugar water, the leaves are prepared in an infusion, which is drunk for the relief of colds. A fairly frequent species in the Venezuelan Andes, but, as far as I can ascertain, not previously reported from the three states of the Oriente listed above. Gaultheria scabra Willd. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m. , 62519. ANZOA- TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajari- tos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61610. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m 62064. Andes of Venezuela and Colombia; I have not seen other specimens from the three states listed above. ANDES Befaria congesta Fedtsch. & Basil. TACHIRA: swampy meadow in paramito between Ouebrada de Palmar and Ouebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama', 2 km. above Betania and 7 km. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57221, 57213. These appear to be the first Venezuelan records of the spec _-s, otherwise known from Colombia. The Funck & Schlim collection, the type of this species, cited for Venezuela in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, was actually collected at La Baia, Prov. Pamplona /~* i«. ' ' r Colombia. Befaria grisea Fedtsch. & Basil. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 km. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57320. Mansfeld and Sleumer (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 12: 258. 1935) cite this species only from the Colombian department of Norte de Santan- der, and this occurrence of it in the neighboring part of Venezuela is therefore of interest. The species seems very close to B. glauca Humb. & Bonpl. var. tomentella Mansf. & Sleumer, a variety which the authors do not list from Colombia or Venezuela (except as it is said to occur on Mt. Roraima). Elsewhere in this paper I mention speci- mens of that variety from southern Venezuela. Gaultheria hapalotricha A. C. Sm. LARA: creeping along rock by wet meadow, between Buenos Aires and^ Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55477. Local name: "paramo de montana." 1052 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Sleumer (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 207. 1936) has mentioned this distinctive little species from the state of Tachira, and I have also seen a specimen from Trujillo (Paramo del Jabon, 3000-3200 m. , John 167, U.S. Nat. Herb.); otherwise it has been known only from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. The Lara specimen agrees closely with the type, from Norte de Santander. Leticothoe albiflora Fedtsch. Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m. , 62404. Local name: "carbon." Not previously recorded from the Oriente section on the mainland of the Cordillera de la Costa. 1068 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 LOGANIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Strychnos jobertiana Baill. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m. , 57910. This specimen was determined by Mr. B. A. Krukoff. It is the first report of the species for Venezuela. The leaves are reported to be mashed in rum and the resulting perfume used by men to attract women. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Bonyunia cinchonoides Gleason & Standl. Summit, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58291. As the type specimen was described from fruiting material only, the following additional notes, based on the flowering specimen, cited above, may be given: "calyce 4 mm. longo, minute pilosulo vel sub- glabrato, tubo 3 mm. longo, lobis 1.2-2 mm. longis, lanceolatis vel deltoideis; corolla extus dense tomentosa tubo 6 mm. longo, lobis 4 mm. longis intus minute puberulentibus; antheris linearibus glabris 1.7 mm. longis, connective apice apiculato." PTARI-TEPUI Bonyunia minor N. E. Brown. Rocky mesa, vicinity of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60919. Previously recorded in Venezuela only from the Rorairaa area. Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60441. This specimen was determined by Mr. B. A. Krukoff. The Indian name for this species is "cumarawa-yek. " The roots are employed by these Indians as an arrow poison. They usually boil the roots all day until a thick consistency results. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Spigelia stipularis Prog. ANZoXTEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neven, between Rio Leon and "Carmelita," northeast of BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1069 Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 67378. Local name: "lombrizero. " A commonly used worm medicine plant in this vicinity. The roots are boiled in water and the infusion given as a drink. GENTIANACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Chelonanthus Schomburgkii Griseb. On rocks, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, alt. 100 m., 58500. An infusion of the crude plant mashed in water is considered by the local indians as effective in treating gonorrhea, a cure within eight days being claimed. Lisianthus pratensis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. ft Sp. 3: 140. 1818. Lisianthus campanuloides Spruce, in Hook. Journ. Bot. 6: 201-202. 1854; Chelonanthus campanuloides (Spruce) Gilg, in Engler-Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 2: 98. 1895. Swampy rill in savanna between Esmeralda Savanna and south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57839. An examination of the photographs of the types of Lisianthus campanuloides Spruce and Lisianthus pratensis H.B.K., and compara- tive study of the descriptions and topotype material, proves these two names to be conspecific. The corolla varies from bluish to lilac- lavender. Lisianthus subcordatus Benth. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57929. This collection was determined by Dr. Ewan as Pagaea recurva Benth. Schnltesia brachyptera Cham. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, alt. 100 m. , 58449. This identification was made by Dr. Ewan. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Leiphaimos aphylla (Jacq.) Gilg. Around sandstone outcrops, between Aguita and summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 480 m., 58389. This saprophyte with yellow stems and flowers has not previously been reported from Venezuela. Voyria grandiflora Ch. Gilg. Between top of ridge and Aguita, on southeastern slopes of Cerro Duida, alt. 640 m. , 58387. This entirely white saprophytic species 1070 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 has not been hitherto reported from Venezuela. It is known from British Guiana. The determination was made by Dr. Ewan. Voyriella parviflora Miq. Between Aguita and summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 640 ra., 58391. This saprophyte has been reported previously from Venezuela from the state of Zulia. It is known from northern Brazil and British Guiana. RORAIMA Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl. Dry sandy soil, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue-meru (tribu- tary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59202. Irlbachia coerulescens (Aubl.) Griseb. Swampy meadow just north of waterfall of Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukena'n), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59176. Lisianthus angustifolius HBK. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59084; between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59739. PTARI-TEPUI Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl. Sandy wet meadow. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59354. Irlbachia coerulescens (Aubl.) Griseb. Sandy wet meadow. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59353. Leiphaimos aphylla (Jacq.) Gilg. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., 59977. The only other station in Venezuela thus far recorded is the one mentioned above under "Species of Mount Duida," in which the stems and flowers were stated to be yellow. In this collection the stems are creamy-white, while the corolla lobes are orange-yellow and the corolla tube is pale yellow. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1071 Lisianthus alatus Aubl. By stream, Sororopa'n-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60118. Lisianthus Cardonae (Gleason) Steyermark. Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59393; along mossy rocks bordering Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60498. Lisianthus chelonoides L.f. In conuco on lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60528. Local name: "kawai-banada-yek." This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Symbolanthus Elizabethae (Schomb.) Gilg. At base of and on main south-facing high, sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2400-2410 m., 59601. Previously known only from the type locality of Mount Roraima. Tapeinostemon spenneroides Benth. Lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60693. Both the genus and species are new to Venezuela. An account of this genus was published by the present author (Lloydia 14: 58-64.- 1951). CERRO TURUMiQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Erythraea quitensis HBK. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61807. A considerable eastward extension from its previously known Vene- zuelan stations recorded from the Andes. The determination was made by Dr. Ewan. Schultesia lisianthoides (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61262. Not previously re- corded as far east in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. The determination was made by Dr. Ewan. 1072 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Gentiana nevadensis Gilg. Steyermark 55480 from the state of Lara and 55666 from the state of Me'rida belong to this species. The collections of Moritz 1185, 1187a, of Funck & Schlim 1147, 1513, and Linden 1434, cited as G. corymb os a on p. 291 of the second volume of the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana, are actually to be identified with G. nevadensis Gilg instead. True G. corymbosaHBK. does not occur in Venezuela. Lagenanthus princeps (Lindl.) Gilg. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57322. Dr. Ewan has already cited this specimen in his recent paper on the genus. It is the only record thus far recorded for Venezuela, known otherwise only from Colombia. I consider the flowers of this species one of the most beautiful and striking I have ever seen. Since the color of the corolla has not been described in sufficient detail to convey the true picture, the follow- ing brief notes made in the field should give a better impression than formerly existed: calyx dark green; base of corolla tube pale yellow, then an area about 1 cm. long of crimson-red, then a large area up to the middle of orange-vermilion, the upper half next a rich canary yellow; corolla lobes pale green with yellow at base; stigma pale green; style creamy-white. Macrocarpaea viscosa (R. & P.) Gilg vel aff. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57317. Dr. Ewan has assigned this collection with doubt to the above Andean species, which has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Symbolanthus anomalus (HBK.) Gilg vel aff. TACHIRA: rich woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57249. Like the above determination, Dr. Ewan has tentatively referred the prese'nt collection to this species, which has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Symbolanthus magnificus Gilg. ME'RIDA: between La Trampa and Casadero, along tributary of Quebrada del Salado (between Lagunillas and La Azulita), alt. 2225- 2590 m., 56189. Two other Steyermark Andean collections, no. 55276 from the State of Lara, and no. 57195 from the state of Tachira, are questionably assigned to this species by Dr. Ewan. Previous col- lections of this species have been recorded in Venezuela only from the Cordillera de la Costa. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1073 APOCYNACEAE73 Forsteronia diospyrifolia Muell. Arg. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58085. Pacarairaa highlands. Mandevilla subspicata (Vahl) Mgf. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida in swampy savanna, alt. 200 m., 57799. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Couma utilis (Mart.) Muell. Arg. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58243, 58256. A species of the Amazon basin. Galactophora crassifolia (Muell. Arg.) Woodson. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57840. ^Northern Amazon basin. Previously reported in Venezuela from Auyan-tepui and Cerro Yapacana. Salpinctes kalmiaefolius Woods. Summit of Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58220. This is the second collection of this species, the type collection being Tate 836 from the same general locality. In publishing the genus Salpinctes (Woodson, in Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 453. 1931), I described the corolla as salverform, the flowers of the Tate specimen being rather shrunken. The specimen collected by Dr. Steyermark, however, demonstrates the corolla actually to be infundibuliform, with a short proper tube about 1 cm. long and a very narrow throat about 2.5 cm. long. In poorly pressed material this structure could very easily be mistaken as salverform. Tabernaemontana maxima Mgf. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57952. Pacaraima highlands and adjacent Amazon basin. ' 3 Apocynaceae by Robert E. Woodson, Jr. 1074 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 RORAIMA Mandevilla hirsuta (Rich.) K. Sch. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59109. Widely distributed in tropical America. Mandevilla scaberula N. E. Br. Gran Sabana, near Kun, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59108. PTARI-TEPuf Aspidosperma album (Vahl) R. Ben ex Pichon. Dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60644. Vernacular name: "tun-yek." Northeastern Colombia to the Amazon valley. Couma utilis (Mart.) Muell. Arg. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' alt. 1585-1600 m., 60032. Local name: "kariman-yek." The abundant thick milky latex of the plant is used by the Indians for caulking their canoes. Galactophora Schomburgkiana Woodson. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' alt. 1585-1600 m., 59975; southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1460-1615 m. , 60845. Pacaraima highlands. Forsteronia diospyrifolia Muell. Arg. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma', between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Ri'o^Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60398; dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60651, 60654; dense forest along Rio f Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60739. Number 60651 is described as a "Tree 40 feet tall," while the other collections cited are described as lianas. It seems rather improbable that the species consists of tall trees rather than stout lianas inhabiting tall trees. Nevertheless, in collecting a specimen of the closely-related F. laurifolia, Ducke wrote upon his label "Arbor erecta vel frutex scandens ? (Ducke 22431 in Hb. Berol.)." The habit of this group of Forsteronia must appear in need of detailed description. These collections, cited above, are the first to be made since the original two, collected by Schomburgk (854, in Hb. Berol.; 725, in Hb. Genev.) over a century ago on Roraima. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1075 Himatanthus bracteata (A. DC.) Woodson. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60761. Vernacular name: "manaik-choro-yek," in allusion to the fruit, which resembles the nipple, manaik signifying nipple. The trunk, leaves, and stem contain abundant milky latex. Northeastern South America. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Mandevilla Benthamii (A. DC.) K. Sch. Gran Sabana, dry sandy and rocky open thickets, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59337. Pacaraima highlands. Mandevilla caurensls Mgf. Low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui' vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59473; foiested sandstone, south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui between plateau f portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59697; Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60149. Upper Orinoco basin. Mandevilla hirsuta (Rich.) K. Sch. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60569. Mandevilla leptophylla (A. DC.) K. Sch. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 m., 60574. Paca- raima highlands and adjacent Amazonian basin. Mandevilla rugosa (Benth.) Woodson Woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1375-1460 m., 60814. Not previously reported from Venezuela; northeastern South America is the general distribution. Mandevilla scaberula N. E. Br. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60502. Pacaraima highlands. Mandevilla subcarnosa (Benth.) Woodson Rocky savanna bordering Rio Karuai, between La Laja and Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60819. Pacaraima highlands. CERRO TURUMIOUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC. SUCRE: by Cueva El Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, valley of 1076 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Rio Guagua, southwest of Cumanacoa, alt. 230 m., 62786; southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cede'no and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62823. The bark is very bitter and yellow or whitish in color. The vernacular name given to number 62786 was "yema de huevo." Himatanthus bracteata (A. DC.) Woodson. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m. , 61242. This is the first record of the species from the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Mandevilla hirsuta (Rich.) K. Sch. MONAGAS: between San Agustin and La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61804. Plumeria pudica Jacq. SUCRE: dry rocky (igneous-metamorphic) chaparral near Quetepe, between kms. 18-20, east of Cumana', alt. 30 ra., 62886. Caribbean Colombia and Venezuela. Prestonia Brittonii N. E. Br. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rib Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61175. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Distributed in Trinidad and Caribbean Venezuela. Secondatia densiflora A. DC. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62843. The species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. British and Dutch Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Tabernaemontana affinis Muell. Arg. ANZOATEGUI: forested rocky slopes along Rib Querecual, south- west of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61482. Vernacular name: "cojon de verraco." The strong wood is used for ax handles. This species, distributed in northeastern South America, has not previously been reported from Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Mandevilla Fendleri (Muell. Arg.) Woodson. LARA: dry scrubby woods, between Humocaro Bajo and Los Aposentos, alt. 1090-1980 m., 55206. Previously reported in Vene- zuela only from the type locality of Colonia Tovar de Aragua in the Cordillera de la Costa. Ranges to interior Colombia. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1077 Mande villa veraguasensis (Seem.) Hemsl. MERIDA: thickets around Hacienda El Joque of Dr. Ricardo Sergent, above Jaji' alt. 2195 m., 55961. Panama and northeastern South America. Not previously reported from the Andes of Venezuela, but only from the Cordillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Colonia de Tovar in the state of Aragua. Prestonia mucronata Rusby. DISTRITO FEDERAL; rich woods, east of El Junquito, alt. 1980- 2130 m., 5700. Caribbean Colombia and Venezuela. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Prestonia surinamensis Muell. Arg. YARACUY: level rainforest near Taria, alt. 75 ra., 56855. Coastal Guiana and northern Brazil. Not previously reported from Venezuela. ASCLEPIADACEAE74 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Blepharodon crassifolius Schltr. Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57885. Previously recorded in Venezuela from Roraima. PTARI-TEPUl' Blepharodon Ulei Schltr. Sandy savanna, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepm' and Sororopan-tepu/, alt. 1615 m., 60255. Previously reported in Venezuela from Roraima and Auyan-tepui. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Ditassa lanceolata Decne. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Cafipe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62045. Fischeria viridis Moldenke. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62027. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Ranging from Venezuela to interior Colombia. 74 Asclepiadaceae by Richard W. Holm 1078 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Gonolobus rostratus (Yah I) R. Br. MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m. , 61916; Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62175. Not previously reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Distributed in north- eastern South America. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Blepharodon ampliflorus Fourn. T/CHIRA: between Paraguita and Tabor, along Rio Tachira, along Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-1980 m., 57152. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Cynanchum brae hyphy Hum K. Sch. MERIDA: dwarf cool forest between El Molino and ridge above San Isidro Alto, alt. 2430-2895 m., 56526. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Cynanchum Schlechtendalii (Decne.) Standl. & Steyerm. MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56386. Cynanchum stenospira K. Sch. TACHIRA: rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 ra., 57287. Not previously re- ported from Venezuela. Cynanchum parviflorum Sw. Metastelma parviflorum R. Br., not of Schlecht., Klotzsch, Decne., or Chapm. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 ra., 60966. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Gonolobus Bolivari Cuatrecasas. ME'RIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56115. Northeastern South America. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Mate lea alb if lor a (Karst.) Woodson. BOLfVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57692. Caribbean Colombia and Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1079 Oxypetalum proboscideum Fourn. BOLIVAR: dry flat savanna with Curatella, between Upata and Ri'o Carom, alt. 400 m., 57612. Not previously reported from Venezuela. CONVOLVULACEAE75 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Merremia aturensis (HBK.) Hal Her f. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Ri'o Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, alt. 100 m., 58487. RORAIMA Merremia aturensis (HBK.) Hallier f. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59143. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Ipomoea congesta R. Br. MONAGAS: thickets along stream of Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61937. Vernacular name: "pascua." ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Ipomoea capillacea (HBK.) Don. MlfRIDA: grassy flat slopes along escarpment of Rio Chama, on terrace above Tabay, alt. 2440 m., 57048. DISTRITO FEDERAL: exposed grassy slope facing valley of Catia, above Caracas, alt. 1500 m., 56982o. Ipomoea melanotricha Brand. ARAGUA: Parque Nacional, below Rancho Grande, towards Maracay, 54920. Jacquemontia sphaerostigma (Cav.) Rusby. BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57527. '5 Convolvulaceae by Carlos O'Donell 1080 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Turhina corymbosa (L.) Raf. LARA- dry scrubby woods, between Huraocaro Bajo and Los Aposentos, alt. 1090-1980 m., 55193.' Cordia nodosa Lara. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue;raeru' (tributary of Rio Kukena'n) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Eleia, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59248. Heliotropium Ottonii Lehm. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 591 01. PTARI-TEPUI Cordia bicolor A. DC. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepuf, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60772. Vernacular name: "wasan-yek. Cordia nodosa Lam. South-facing densely forested slopes of P™ Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 59426. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Cordia lineata L. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61831 This collection has been doubtfully referred to this species, which has n been reported previously from Venezuela. Cordia ucayaliensis Johnst. MONAGAS: near summit of Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Gua'charo, alt. 1600 m., 62327. Vernacular name: a atrique. This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. 76 Borraginaceae by Ivan M. Johnston BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1081 Tournefortia foetidissima L. ANZO/TEGUI: vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantfn, by state of Sucre boundary, alt. 400-500 m., 61213. Not previously reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Tournefortia syringae folia Vahl. SUCRE: valley of Rio Guagua, southwest of Curaanacoa, between Granja^ Agricola de Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria and Cueva El Pamatal, southwest of Cuchivano, alt. 230 m. , 62778. Vernacular name: "rabo de angelito. " Not previously reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Cordia lanata HBK. MERIDA: thickets around Hacienda El Joque of Dr. Ricardo Sergent, above Jaji' alt. 2195 m., 55966. Vernacular name: "palo negro.'* A Colombian species, not previously reported from Venezuela. Cordia phaeotricha Killip. MERIDA: between Beguilla and Mucuchachi', alt. 1065 m., 56296. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera de la Costa, seaward-facing north slopes, El Junquito, alt. 1830-2130 m., 56967, 56962. Cynoglossum zeylanicum Thunb. MERIDA: open slopes around Mucuchies, alt. 2980 m., 57052. Local name: "pegadera" and "flor azul." This species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Hackelia costaricensis (Brand) Johnston. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55451. Local name: "manz anil Ion." Mexico, Guate- mala, and the Andes of South America. Apparently the first record from Venezuela. Heliotropium Ottonii Lehra. ME'RIDA: dry slopes of canyon bordering Rio Chama, above Los Gonzales, alt. 1220-1820 ra., 56223, 56235. Heliotropium Purdiei Johnston. BOLfvAR: savanna between Rio Carom and Ciudad Bolivar, alt. 200 m., 57644. A Colombian species, not previously reported from Venezuela. Tournefortia fuliginosa HBK. LARA: slopes of mountain between Santo Domingo and Los Que- 1082 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 braditos, south of Las Sabanetas, above Huraocaro Bajo, alt. 2430- 2745 m., 55380. Local name: "zamurito." Lippia origanoides H.B.K. Southwest -facing slopes bordered by hilly savanna, alt. 1030-1155 m. , 58601. Local name: "chara-ceur." The leaves, when boiled in water, with sugar added, are used in a drink taken for colds. PTARI-TEPllf Aegiphila roraimensis Moldenke. Woods bordering savanna on ridge above La Laja, at base of Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1375-1460 m. , 60812. This is the second col- lection of the species, which hitherto had been known only from Mount Roraima. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Aegiphila perplexa Moldenke. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62260. This is the first collection of the species from the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela, and the second one made in Venezuela, the previous record being from Cata- iina, Delta Amacuro. The species is otherwise known only from Trinidad. Aegiphila quinduensis (H.B.K.) Moldenke. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62046. This is an eastward extension in Venezuela over its previous known range in the Cordillera de la Costa. It is also known from Colombia. Vltex capitata Vahl. MONAGAS: dry rocky slopes between Pirriquito and Caripe, alt. 600 m., 61777. The species is common on Trinidad, where it has been abundantly collected. It has not been recorded in Venezuela previ- ously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. 77 Verbenaceae by Harold N. Moldenke BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1083 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Citharexylum spinosum L. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air* port, alt. 305 m. , 60941. A widely distributed and polymorphic species, ranging from Bermuda and Cuba through the West Indies to Trinidad, northern Venezuela, Surinam, and French Guiana. DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Hyptis dilatata Benth. Open savanna and igneous rock outcrops, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58513. PTARI-TEPUf Hyptis arborea Benth. Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 59401; along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded que- brada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m.; 60470. Previously known in Venezuela from Roraima and Auyan-tepui. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Hyptis capitata Jacq. ANZOATEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Leon with Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 400-500 m., 61189. Local name: "botonera." The native doctors use the plant for treating fevers. The leaves are first boiled in water and then placed in the sun before being used. Hyptis colombiana Epling. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61824. This collection was questionably referred to this species by Dr. Epling. It has not been recorded from Venezuela. 78 Labiatae by Carl Epling 1084 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Lepechinia bullata (Kunth) Epling. ANZO/TEGUI: among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61645. MONAGAS: wooded depression below southwest side of summit of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 2000 m., 62119. SUCRE: Cerrp Turumiquire, on ridge dividing headwaters of Rio Manzanares and Rio de Amana, alt. 1900-2000 m., 62697. The vernacular name given for the last collection was "oregano raontanero." This species has not been reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Minthostachys moll is (Kunth) Briq. ANZOA'XEGUI: near summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos^, above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2200 m., 61661. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62052. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m. , 6245 1. This Andean species has not been reported previously from so far east as the present collections in the Oriente indicate. Stachys Fendleri Briq. ANZOATEGUI: in conuco between Cerro^ Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos) and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900-1600 m., 61705. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 6.7965. The vernacular name given to no. 61705 was "hierba buena de sabana." This species has not previously been reported from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Stachys hamata Epling. SUCRE : Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62570. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Hyptis microphylla Pohl. BOLIVAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 m., 60923. Vernacular name: "oreganillo." The Cachicamo or Armadillo is said to be fond of eating this plant. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1085 Lepechinia salviaefolia (Kunch) Epling. TACHIRA: between Betania and woods at base of Paramo de Tama, alt. 23 00-2430 m., 571 68. Vernacular name: "salvia." This Andean species has not previously been reported from Vene- zuela, except from the Cordillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Caracas. Prunella vulgaris L. TA'CHIRA: wet meadow, between El Cobre and Cordero, alt. 1520-1820 m., 57119. The genus and species are new to Venezuela. Salvia ampelophylla Epl. MERIDA: rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji', alt. 2590 m., 55997; Pa'ramo de Los Colorados, between El Molino and San Isidro, alt. 2745-2955 m., 56540. New to Venezuela. Salvia carnea Kunth. LARA: between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55449. Previously reported in Venezuela only from the region of Caracas in the Cordillera de la Costa. Salvia coccinea Juss. TRUJILLOr vicinity of La Concepcio'n, alt. 455 m., 55842. Not previously reported from any section of the Andes in Venezuela. Salvia latens Benth. MliRIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55700. Vernacular name: "flor de sangre." This species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Scutellaria Lindeniana Benth. MERIDA: along Rio Albarregas, Monte Serpa, 5-10 kms. northeast of Me'rida, alt. 1675-2135 m., 5595J. Not previously reported from the Andean section of Venezuela. 1086 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 SCROPHULARIACEAE 79 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Anisantherina hispidnla (Mart.) Pennell. Along Rio Orinoco at San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. 100 m., 58432. Lindernia Crustacea (L.) F. Muell. Waste ground near Orinoco river, Esmeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m., 57775. Naturalized from Asia. Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst. Waste ground near Orinoco river, Esraeralda Savanna, alt. 150 m. , 57774. Melasma strictum (Benth.) Edwall. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco river, alt. 100 m., 58489. Not previously reported from Venezuela. RORAIMA Achetaria guianensis Pennell. Emerald Swamp, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1520 m. , 58618. Buchnera virgata H.B.K. Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 59277. PTARI-TEPuf Achetaria guianensis Pennell. Savanna between Rio Tek-Yunsen and Carrao-tepuT, alt. 1460 m., 60835. Buchnera palustris (Aubl.) Spreng. Gran Sabana, from Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen north- west to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59368; along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60804. Buchnera virgata H.B.K. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepui, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60778. Vernacular name: "aribay-panasi-yek. " 79 Scrophulariaceae by Francis W. Pennell BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1087 CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Achetaria guianensis Pennell. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61812. Leucocarpus perfoliatus (H.B.K.) Benth. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Quebradon, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62474; forest along stream at base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 2000-2100 m., 62744. Castilleja arvensis S. & C. ANZO/TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61622. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62094. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Bartsia parvifolia Benth. LARA: swampy meadow between Buenos Aires and Paramo de las Rosas, alt. 2285-3290 m., 55466. ME'REDA: Laguna Mucubajf, above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-3655 m., 57517. The vernacular name given to no. 55466 was "dictamo real." The plant is boiled, mixed with sugar, and the infusion drunk for stomach ache. Bartsia parvifolia Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 545. 1846. "In Caracas (Linden! n. 423; . . . (v. in herb. Hook.)." Type, collected April, 1842, seen at Kew Gardens; photograph, there taken, is at Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. , with my redescription as follows: Diffuse; stems 2.5 dm. tall, puberulent bifarially, in inflorescence finely pilose; leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, 0.5-0.7 mm. long, distally crenate (with 3 or 4 pairs of lobes), 1-1.5 mm. wide, glabrate on both surfaces; pedicels 1.5 mm. long; calyx in fruit 3 mm. long, lobes ovate, acute, 2 mm. long; corolla 8-9 mm. long, bright purple, densely tomentose-pubescent over entire surface, galea slightly exceeding lower lip; capsule ovoid, obtuse, brown-tomentose. Castilleja integrifolia L.f. T/CHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57411. This species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. 1088 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Limosella acaulis S. & M. MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo, along lake shore around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55899. The genus and species have not previously been reported from Venezuela. Stemodia foliosa Benth. BOLIVAR: moist sandy openings along small stream in savanna, between Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carom, alt. 1QO m., 57575. DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Adenocalymma inundatum Mart, ex DC. var. surinamense Bur. & K. Schum. Esmeralda, Upper Orinoco, Williams 15350. This is the first col- lection I have seen from Venezuela. Arrabidaea japurensis (Mart, ex DC.) Bur. & K. Schum. Taraatama, Upper Orinoco, Williams 15238; Capihuara, Casiquiare, Williams 15712. RORAIMA Tabebuia dura (Bur. & K. Schum.) Sprague & Sandwith. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at R ue'- me ru' (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59181. PTARI-TEPllf Digomphia laurifolia Benth. Nematopogon laurifolius (Benth.) Bur. & K. Schum. Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59327; dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground on plateau portion of southeast- facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59692; semi-open places on summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2500 m., 60895. 80 Bignoniaceae by N. Y. Sandwith BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1089 Noted as a small shrub or simple bush, 0.6-1.3 m. high, with orchid- lilac or lavender flowers, growing in moist sandy ground in semi-open places. This is a welcome rediscovery, with excellent flowering material, of a little-known species the evidence for which rested for long on the sheets of Robert Schomburgk 1049 in the Kew Herbarium. That material was collected on Roraima in October-November, 1838, and a coloured drawing (no. 25) is found in the collections of Robert Schomburgk 's paintings in the library of the British Museum Her- barium. More recently another sheet, with specimens bearing good fruit, was discovered at the end of the Kew material of the genus Vochysia. These specimens were included in the "last small set" collected by Robert Schomburgk on Roraima, and were formerly in Bentham's herbarium, but Bentham had failed to associate them with the flowering material of his new genus. The fruits of D. laurifolia have thus never yet been described. The capsules are flattened, short, ovate-elliptic, shqrtly acuminate-cuspidate at the apex, 3.5-4.5 cm. long, 2-2.8 cm. wide, the valves smooth and glabrous with midrib either slightly raised or not at all evident. The seeds are small and transversely oblong, up to 8 ram. long and 1.6 cm. broad, with dark brown embryo and much paler, brownish-cream, membranous and some- what hyaline wings. Steyermark's flowering material shows that the calyx of D. laurifolia may be as much as 2-2.5 cm. long, and the corolla up to 5 cm., with the limb 4 cm. in diameter. Digomphia sp., ex affinitate D. densicomae (Mart, ex DC.) Pilger. South-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just west of "Cave Rock," Ptari-tepui', alt. 1800 m., 59823; southeast-facing slopes, Ptari-tepui' alt. 1585-1600 m., 60011. Noted as one of the dominant large forest trees. This isr a large tree with pinnate leaves, closely allied on vege- tative characters to D. densicoma, which Martius collected on the Rio Jagura, and lower down the Amazon near Manaos and in the state of Para. Much later, D. densicoma was re-collected by Koch-Grunberg in upland forests near the Ri'o I$ana. I borrowed the Martius type material from the Munich Herbarium and found that the leaflets are more densely lepidote beneath and have closer veinlets than those of Steyermark's specimens. Again, the calyx of the type of D. densi- coma is spathaceously split, as described and figured (in the Flora Brasiliensis), whereas the calyces of Steyermark 60011 appear to be equally 5-lobed. It is possible that the tree of Ptari-tepui is a good new species of Digomphia, but the material so far collected is quite insufficient for definition. Lundia erionema DC. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepuf, alt. 1220 m., 60723. This is the first collection I have seen from Venezuela. 1090 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Schlegelia Spruceana K. Schum. Lower south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui between Rio Karuai and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m. , 60670; southeastern portion of base of Carrao-tepui, alt. 1460-1615 m., 60842. This species seems quite frequent in the interior of British Guiana, but I have not seen it before from Venezuela. Tabebuia dura (Bur. & K. Schum.) Sprague & Sand with. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60329. Tabebuia roraimae Oliv. Forested sandstone south- facing slopes of Ptari-tepui between plateau portion and "Cave Camp," alt. 1700-1800 m., 59714. Noted as a common tree in the area at this elevation. Tabebuia dura and T. roraimae have all the general characters of the widely distributed T. insignis (Miq.) Sandwith, differing mainly in the relatively narrower shape of the leaflets and the thick, raised ultimate veinlets, which are especially conspicuous on the lower surface. Tabebuia roraimae, which has been collected at high alti- tudes between 1500 and 1800 m., differs from T. dura in its very thick leaflets which are almost sub-bullate above with the lateral nerves impressed, while they are obtuse or rounded or sometimes very shortly cuspidate or apiculate at the apex; its leaves are often only 3-foliolate. Tabebuia dura was collected on the lower southern slopes of Roraima, "on the edge of water and along cataracts," by Schomburgk, and Steyermark's localities lie between 1065 and 1220 m. The present writer suspects that T. dura and T. roraimae represent habitat and altitude forms of T. insignis. Careful field observations are needed to show whether they pass gradually into each other on the slopes of the same mountains. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Tabebuia Billbergii (Bur. & K. Schum.) Standl. SUCRE: dry rocky chaparral near Quetepe, east of Cumana', alt. 30 m., 62887. LARA: desert between Carora and Barquisimeto, alt. 500 m., 56823. Vernacular name for no. 62887: "araguaney." The fruit does not seem to have been described before. The Kew duplicate of Steyermark 56823 bears a ripe capsule which is about 26 cm. long and barely 1 cm. broad. The valves, which have dried brown, are glabrous except for minute scattered scales, and finely longitudinally ribbed. The seeds are small, 5-6 mm. long and up to 1.8 cm. wide, the wings membranous, whitish-hyaline and shining. Tabebuia Billbergii thus differs from T. serratifolia (Vahl) Nichols., I BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1091 to which it seems related, not only in characters of the leaflets, the indumentum of the pedicels and calyx, and the small corolla, but also in the narrow capsule and the small seeds. Distribution: Coast of Colombia, Ecuador, island of Bonaire (Boldingh 7204, distributed as Tecoma chrysantha DC.). These are the first specimens which I have seen from Venezuela. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Amphilophium oxylophium Donn. Sm. MERIDA: dwarf woods below paramo above San Isidro Alto, alt. 1820m., 56559. Named by comparison with the description and with a photograph of the type from Costa Rica in the United States National Herbarium. Kew specimens from Colombia with similar distinctive characters of indumentum, bracts, and carjrx, are as follows: Ibague, Goudot, Holton 607; Almosadero (Ocana to Pamplona), Kalbreyer 858; Cali, Cauca Valley, alt. 1000 m., Lehmann 7691. The specimens have been referred to A. macrophyllum H.B.K. , but examination of type material in the Paris Herbarium shows that A. macrophyllum is a quite different plant with a very short indumentum of branched hairs and with broad and rounded outer calyx lobes. Kalbreyer 630 (Herb. Kew) has an indumentum very nearly the same as that of the Bonpland type material. Amphilophium mollicomum Pittier, of Venezuela, ac- cording to the description, differs from A. oxylophium in lacking an indumentum of long simple hairs on the branchlets, in the simple (not branched) hairs of the lower surface of the leaflets, the tomen- tellous (not pilose) calyx tube, etc. The fact remains that variation in the indumentum of specimens of the genus Amphilophium offer a highly complex problem for species delimitation which will be solved only by repeated collections and field observations. Paramansoa Grosourdyana Baill. BOLIVAR: wooded thickets between Upata and Rio Carom, alt. 500 m., 57560. Previously known only from the type in the Paris Herbarium, which I examined some years ago. This was collected in Venezuela in 1864, by R. de Grosourdy, the locality being described as "Villa de Upata, sur le bord du chemin nouveau versant de la montagne." Dr. Steyer- mark has thus rediscovered this very little known and distinct plant near its type locality. The following are notes taken from a dissected flower from his collection: calyx 1.3 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, split to 4.5 mm., also shortly denticulate; corolla narrowly funnelshaped, to 3 cm. long, arapliate to 8 mm. wide at apex of tube; limb c. 1.8 cm. across, the lobes densely hairy on back, papillose-glandular within; stamens inserted 5 mm. above base of corolla tube, longer filaments 1092 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 2.1-2.2 cm., shorter 1.8 era. long, all papillose-glandular in lower half; staminode 7 ram. long; anthers with linear-oblong, glabrous, divergent thecae 2.5 mm. long; disk short, shallowly patelliforra- cupshaped, c. 0.5 mm. high; ovary linear-oblong, 2.3 mm. long, dense- ly lepidote; ovules biseriate in each loculus, 10-12 in each series; style 1.8 cm. long, lepidote towards base. The corolla tube is pubescent outside, glabrous within except for the usual dense zone of long papilla-like hairs at the insertion of the stamens. The dried leaflets of Paramansoa somewhat resemble those of Paragon ia pyramidata in colour and venation; they are pilose- pubescent beneath. The inflorescence is a very floriferous, pyramidal, terminal thyrse. The calyx is unusually narrowly tubular, with a woolly indumentum of trichomes which extends all over the inflo- rescence. There are no gland-fields at the nodes between the branchlets. The tendril is simple. The pollen-grains were recently described by M. Pichon, see Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 92: 229. 1945. Generic affinities cannot be proposed in the absence of fruit. GESNERIACEAE81 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Codonanthe calcarata (Miq.) Hanst. Forest at base of southeastern slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 260 m., 58089. Previously known from the Guianas, Brazil, and Peru. The genus Codonanthe has not been reported previously from Venezuela. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Besleria laxiflora Benth. Southeastern- facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57974. The first Venezuelan record for this widely distributed species. PTARI-TEPuf Codonanthe crassifolia (Focke) Morton. Dense forest along Ri'o Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui' and Sororopa'n-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60731. Previously known from Costa Rica and Panama, Colombia, Trinidad, and the Guianas. 81 Gesneriaceae by C. V. Morton i BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1093 Columnea sanguinea var. trinitensis Morton. Lower portion of Quebrada-O-£aru-ma', tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 ra., 60532; densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2130-2250 m., 60178. These collections constitute the first record for this species in South America. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Alloplectus ichthyoderma Hanst. f. rubescens Morton. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62727. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62506. This form has red calyx lobes and leaves red beneath. Alloplectus ichthyoderma var. pallidus Morton. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62506. This variety has green calyx lobes and leaves. The typical form is represented by John 1016, from Paramo de Aricagua, Merida, at 2600 meters elevation. This Costa Rican and Panamanian species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Besleria longipes Urban. ANZOA'TEGU!: dense forest, Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 67759. Known other- wise only from Trinidad. It is possible that this species and B. la bios a Hanst. ought to be referred to a genus distinct from Besleria. The conspicuously pellucid-punctate leaves are without parallel elsewhere in the family. Codonanthe Uleana Fritsch. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neven', northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 67024. Vernacular name: "bejuco fuente." The plants are used locally as ornamental house plants. Described from Brazil and also known from Peru. The specimen cited is referable to var. integrifolia Fritsch. The following is a key to the known species of Venezuela: Calyx spathaceous, bilobed C. calcarata. Calyx 5-lobed 1094 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Leaf blades minutely puberulous under a lens ...... C. Uleana. Leaf blades glabrous .................................. ..... C. crassifolia. Each of these species is reported for the first time from Venezuela, based on the collections of Steyermark cited above. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Alloplectus congestus Linden. between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 * * m., 55768; tributary of Rio Chalua, 5 miles southeast of Merida, alt. 1050 m., Reed 499. Apparently not reported since the original collections. The above two specimens are referred here, from description. Alloplectus meridensis Klotzsch ex Hanst. MERIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56469; rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2745 m., 56023. The above two collections are referred here from description. Apparently this species has been known only from the original collection, of uncertain locality, but presumably from Merida. Alloplectus ichthyoderma Hanst. var. pallidus Morton. T/CHIRA: rich woods^near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama' 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57269. Besleria Kalbreyeri Fritsch. MERIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55777; Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama, opposite Merida, alt. 1675-2195 m., 56663. Known otherwise only from Colombia. Besleria reticnlata Fritsch. ME'RIDA: Tabay, alt. 2300-2800 m., Gehriger 379, 594; between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 5575J; rich forest on slopes near summit of Cerro San Isidro, above La Carbonera, alt. 2430-2475 m., 56014. The species has been known previously only from Colombia. Steyermark 56014 is referable to var. venosa Morton, also new to Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1095 LOWLAND SPECIES Utricularia laxa St. Hil. & Gir. Among rock outcrops below mouth of Rio Sanariapo, along Orinoco river, alt. 100 m., 58444. Utricularia longeciliata DC. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, in swampy rills, alt. 200 m., 57813, 57823. Utricularia peltata (Spruce) Oliver. Terrestrial on wet ground along stream, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57844. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Utricularia subulata f. cleistogama (Gray) Fern. Among rock outcrops below mouth of Rio Sanariapo, along Orinoco River, 58441, 58444a; in water pockets of rock, vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, alt. 100 m., 58465, 58470; between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57801. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA Genlisea roraimensis N. E. Br. Summit of Cerro Duida, along valley forest between Central Camp and Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1675 m., 58110. Utricularia alpina Jacq. Summit, slightly moist wooded slopes, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700- 1980 m., 58159. "Sepals greenish-white; corolla pale salmon-pink." Utricularia longeciliata DC. Summit, Brocchinia Hills, in rills on dry rocky ridge top, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58774. RORAIMA Utricularia Campbelliana Oliver. Epiphyte on mossy tree branch, ascent of ledge along southwest- facing side, from beginning of sandstone bluffs to summit, alt. 2255-2620 m., 58757. "Lip scarlet red, spur lavender, calyx lavender." 1096 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Itricularia cornuta Michz. Swampy meadow south of Divina Pastora, Gran Sabana, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915-1005 m., 592 68. Utricularia cornuta var. Michauxii Gomez. Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830- 1920 m., 58629. Local name: "huana-yaricu." V. cornuta ft Michauxii Gomez, Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid 19: 264. 1890; V. erectiflora St. Hil. & Gir. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 11: 159. 1839; V. juncea Vahl, Enum. PI. 1: 202. 1804; U. angulosa Poir. Ency. Bot. 8: 273. 1808. The alleged differences between U. juncea, V. angulosa, and I. cornuta do not hold true. The length of the spur and size of the lower lobe of the corolla are not constant, and, at most, the short- spurred type, represented by V. juncea and V , angulosa, could only be considered as a variety. Many specimens from the southern United States are of the short-spurred type of U. juncea with the spur about 6 mm. long; this type is prevalent in South America (Venezuela and the Guianas), the West Indies, and Central America. However, the long-spurred type, exemplified by U. cornuta,' with spur 10-13 mm. long, occurs with the other type and there is much intergradation. Killip 12615 from New York has spurs in the various flowers varying from 6-9 mm. long; Robinson & Schrcnk 90 from Newfoundland has spurs from 2-6 mm. long and up to 8-9 mm. long. Both types occur in Venezuela (Steyermark 59268 having spurs 10-13 mm. long and 58629 spurs only 8 ram. long). Apparently, then, many intergrading types occur with respect to the spur length. Similarly, in length and breadth of the lower corolla lobe intergradation occurs. Typical V. cornuta is supposed to have the width of the lower corolla lobe 1.5-2 cm., while U. juncea reaches barely 1 cm. broad. However, Deam 52532 from Indiana (typical U. cornuta) has the lower corolla lobe 18 mm. broad and Steyermark 59268 (also typical U. cornuta) has the lobe 14 mm. broad, while Steyermark 58629, also from Venezuela, has a narrower corolla lobe only 10 mm. broad. The width of the lower corolla lobe is predominantly broader in U. cornuta than in U. Juncea, but depauperate specimens of the former may have narrower corolla lobes as in U. juncea. The first available name for the variety of U. cornuta is var. Michauxii. It is perhaps better to consider this as a variety rather than as a form, because the smaller-spurred type of plant with a narrower lower corolla lobe is more common in the southern half of the range, while typical U. cornuta is found more abundantly in the northern portion. I tricularia hispida Lara. Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt.^ 183G- 1920 m., 58628; swampy meadow just north of waterfall of Rue-meru BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1097 south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 ra., 59174, 59175. Steyermark 58628 was given the vernacular name of "nu-san-ton." Utricnlaria myriocista St. Hil. & Gir. Submerged in meander between Rio Kukenan and Divina Pastora, Gran Sabana, north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59254. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Utricularia Qnelchii N. E. Brown In crevices and moist ledges of bluffs of morros on summit on northwest portion, north and northwest of Summit Camp, alt. 2620- 2740 m., 58825. Since the color of the flower has not been adequately described, a more detailed description as recorded in the field follows: ' corolla scarlet red with circle of orange around orifice; spur dull rose-red; sepals dull lavender." PTARI-TEPllf Utricnlaria alpina Jacq. Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 ra., 60140. Utricnlaria amethystina St. Hil. & Gir. Sandy wet meadow, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59344; sandy flat bordering woods above second waterfall, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 ra., 60483. Venezuela and Trinidad to Brazil. These collections have somewhat larger corollas than no. 57829 and somewhat narrower blades than in typical V. amethystina. Utricularia Humboldtii R. Schomb. Epiphyte in water at base of and between leaves of Brocchinia Tatei, on densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 ra., 59576. Although this species shows some variability in the size and firmness of the leaves, I can find no correlation of characters in the populations of the different collections of this species from Duida, Roraima, Auyan-tepui, and Ptari-tepui, occurring as it does on all these cerros. Utricularia longeciliata DC. Swampy ground following streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59334. 1098 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Ltricularia Regnellii Sylven. On forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 ra., 59479; on rock slide below waterfall, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60218. Steyermark 60218 has slightly larger corollas than those of 59479, the spur reaching 8 mm. in length in 60218. In the original descrip- tion of V. Regnellii mention is made of the shortly pilose margins of the bracts, but no statement is present concerning the ciliate calyx lobes. The description should be emended as follows: bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes ciliate; keel of upper calyx lobe ciliolate. Ltricularia spatulifolia Pilger. In swamp on open level portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1600 m., 59648, 59649; Bonne tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59742; Sororopan-tepuf, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60154. Originally described from Roraima, these are the first collections outside of that locality. Utricnlaria subulata L. On forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock," above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59489, 59490; in swamp on ogen level portion of plateau on southeast-facing slopes on Ptari- tepui, alt. 1600 m., 59645. I'tricularia subulata f. cleistogama (Gray) Fern. On forested south-facing slopes overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock," above "Cave Camp," alt. 1810 m., 59485. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Utricnlaria nervosa G. Weber. SUCRE: valley between base of Cerro de Diablo (western exten- sion of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neveri, along headwaters of Ri'o de Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62753. ANDES Pinguicula diversifolia Cuatr. MERIDA: wet slope of Paramo de Pozo Negro, between San Jose and Beguilla, alt. 2590-3220 m., 56283. T/CHIRA: limestone out- crops of Paramo de Taraa, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57410. A Colombian species, not previously reported from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1099 ACANTHACEAE82 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 ra., 57909. Partial to wooded or open river banks or adjacent slopes, usually at elevations from 130 to 380 meters. Southern Mexico to northern South America; West Indies. RORAIMA Rue Ilia geminiflora H.B.K. Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59148. Pastures, savannas, open hillsides, fields, etc. Central America, West Indies, northern South America. Type collected near Santa Anna and Ibague, Colombia, by Humboldt. PTARI-TEPUI Jacobinia venezuelica Lindau. ^Along slopes of waterfall, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1200 m., 60519. Previously known only from the type, collected along the Rio Cuque nan in the vicinity of Roraima by Ule (no. 8762) at 1400 meters elevation. Justicia secunda Vahl. Along^ stream bank, Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui , alt. 1615 m., 60224. A common and widely distributed species, occurring from Panama throughout northern South America and the West Indies. The type came from Trinidad and was collected by Rohr. 82 Acanthaceae by Emery C. Leonard 1100 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Mendoncia Sprucei Lindau. Wooded slopes of lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60426. Known previously in Venezuela only from the vicinity of Esmeralda at the foot of Mount Duida. The type was collected near San Gabriel da Cachoeira on the Rio Negro, Brazil, by Spruce (no. 2332). The species occurs also in Colombia, British Guiana, and Brazil. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. ANZoXTEGUI: by state of Sucre boundary, vicinity of confluence of Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 400-500 m., 61181. MONAGAS: in coffee hacienda of Intendente de Tierras y Bosques, on north side of Rio Caripe, Caripe, alt. 850 m., 62161. The vernacu- lar name for the Anzoategui collection was "culto"; for the Monagas collection "mangle." The fruit is eaten by birds; the root cooked in guarapo (a sugar-sweetened drink) is used by the local practitioners to alleviate pains. This is a widely distributed species, ranging from southern Mexico to northern South America. It has not been previously reported from the Oriente section of Venezuela. Hygrophila guianensis Nees. ANZOATEGUI:^ woods along Rio Leon, by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri', northeast of Bergantin, along stream bar on gravel, alt. 500 m., 61086. MONAGAS: in colonies along banks of spring-fed branch containing Rorippa, bordering valley of San Agustm, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1000-1100 m., 67798. A widely distributed species whose range extends from Mexico to Central Argentina. The type was collected in British Guiana by Schomburgk (n. 331). Justicia pectoralis Jacq.. ANZO/TEGUI:^ woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61051. Local name: "curia." It is believed that the branches of this plant serve as a local remedy. This is a common weed widely distributed throughout the West Indies and continental tropical America. Ruellia fulgida Andr. ANZO/TEGUI: dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61170. Local name: "flor de chiro." • BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1101 The type locality for this species is in the West Indies. It is known from Hispaniola, St. Vincent, Colombia, and Venezuela. The present collection is the most eastern one known in Venezuela. Ruellia geminiflora H.B.K. MONAGAS: savanna-covered knife-edge slopes, vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m. , 62272. For the range of this species see section under Ptari-tepui. Ruellia geminiflora var. angustifolia (Nees) Griseb. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62363. Savannas, meadows, and open places in general. Guiana, Vene- zuela, and eastern Colombia, the type collected near Valencia, Venezuela, by Moritz. Stenostephanus lasiostachyus Nees. ANZoATEGUI: in colony along base of bluffs, in dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000 m., 61169. Vernacular name: " sanguinaria. " The species is known only from Venezuela, where it occurs at altitudes of 500-1000 meters. The type was collected near Caracas by Moritz. The present collection is the easternmost one known. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. LARA: dry places on slopes between Humocaro Alto and Humocaro Bajo, alt. 1065-1220 m., 55557. Not previously reported from the Andean section of Venezuela. For range of the species see section under Cerro Turumiquire. Justicia lindaviana Leonard. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Quebrada San Julian, near Caraballeda, alt. 15-75 m., 62940. This species was not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene- zolana. It is limited to northern Venezuela, where it was previously collected at La Guaira, in Distrito Federal, by Moritz (no. 425) and Kuntze (no. 1377), and at Cumana', state of Sucre, by Funcke. Justicia pleurolarynx (Blake) Leonard var. hirtella Leonard. MERIDA: rocky dry slopes along Rio Chama, between Lagunillas and Estanques, alt. 855 m., 57060. An endemic to Venezuela. The type was collected on dry slopes of 1102 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 the Cerro de la Culebra, Tacagua, Distrito Federal, May, 1946, by Leon Croizat. The specimens collected by Steyerraark have no corollas, but in other respects compare well with the type material of. Justicia secunda Vahl. MliRIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56741. Not previously recorded from the Andean section of Venezuela. Mendoncia tovarensis (Kl. & Karst. ex Nees) Leonard. MIiRIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56074. Endemic to Venezuela, where the type was collected at Colonia Tovar. Another specimen was collected on the Balcon overhanging the river, vicinity of Cristobal Colon, state of Sucre, by Broadway (no. 618). The present collection is the first record of the species from the Andes of Venezuela. Ruellia fulgida Andr. MERIDA: along river slope between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56143. Not previously re- corded from the Andes of Venezuela. Rnellia geminiflora H.B.K. BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500 m.v 57523. MERIDA: grassy dry slope between Beguilla and Mucuchachi, alt. 1965-2430 m., 56375. Rnellia Humboldtiana (Nees) Lindau. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56770. Roadsides, borders of damp woods, or thickets and open places in general. The species ranges in Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. In Venezuela it has been previously known only from the vicinity of the type, collected at the Hacienda Materolla, state of Aragua, Vene- zuela, by Huraboldt (no. 709). Steyermark also collected it near the type locality in the state of Aragua, in the Parque Nacional, between Rancho Grande and Maracay, alt. 240-455 m., 54953. PLANTAGINACEAE ANDES PlanUgo leucophylla Dene. MERIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes, on paramo between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55707. Vernacular name: "llante'n." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1103 Not previously recorded from Venezuela, but also collected in the state of Me'rida by Linden (no 488) and by Moritz (no. 1211). Plantago rigida HBK. MERIDA: near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, alt. 3930 m., 55877. An Andean species of the high altitudes, not previously recorded from Venezuela. RUBIACEAE DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES CINCHONEAE Remijia firmula Wedd. Very common in dry rocky level woods, Sabana de Arboles, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57902; second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Titi, alt. 100 m., 58411. The vernacular name for the latter collection is "chaparrillo." Remijia longifolia Benth. ex Standl. Second-growth or low woods bordering openings in vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, on road to Titi, alt. 100 m., 58420; in open rocky savanna between Sanariapo and Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58507. This species may prove eventually to be the same as R. macrophylla (Karst.) B. & H., based upon Cinchona macrophylla Karst. The latter was described by Karsten in 1859 as having the leaves in 3's or 4's, while the leaves of R. longifolia are described as occurring in 3's. In both species the calyx lobes are about the same. Another species which may prove to be conspecific is R. amazonica Schum., described in 1889. The leaves in R. amazonica were described as in 4's and their glabrous or nearly glabrous lower surface may serve to distinguish this species from R. longifolia and R. macrophylla. If all three species should eventually prove to be variations of one entity, then R. macrophylla is the oldest name. All of these taxa are distinct from R. firmulat which has long slender capsules and long narrow calyx lobes. Remijia Ulei Krause. Yavita, alt. 128 m., Williams 14022. This species has not previ- ously been reported from Venezuela. 1104 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 HENRIQUEZIEAE . Platycarpum orinocense H. & B. Along Orinoco river at San Fernando de Atabapo, alt. 100 m., 58433. Local name: "picaton." As previously noted in Am. Journ. Bot. 39: 418-422. 1952, this is the same as Henriquezia aturensis Standl., published in 1931, and based upon a collection from the Savanna of Atures by M. Gaillard (no. 204) obtained in 1887. Humboldt & Bonpland's Platycarpum orinocense, published in 1809, was likewise based upon a collection which they obtained from the Orinoco near Atures. The species is limited in its distribution to the area around Atures and San Fernando de Atabapo along the Orinoco river in Venezuela near the Colombian border, and doubtless occurs on the Colombian side. HEDYOTIDAE Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Open rocky ground, Puerto Ayacucho, alt. 200 m., 58516. RONDELETIEAE Sipanea pratensis Aubl. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58503. HAMELIEAE Bertiera guianensis Aubl. Forest near Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 215 m., 57918. This species of the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil has not been previously collected in Venezuela. GARDENIEAE Duroia eriopila L.f. Forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57928. RETINIPHYLLEAE Rptiniphyllum truncatum Muell. Arg. Swampy woods, between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 ra., 57818. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1105 GUETTARDEAE Chomelia tenuiflora Benth. Common in forest along Base River (Cano Negro), at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 225 m., 57923. Malanea Duckei Standl. Sanariapo, Williams 16009. Not previously reported from Venezuela. COUSSAREAE Faramea crassifolia Benth. Sanariapo, Williams 15973. PSYCHOTRIEAE Declieuxia brasiliensis (Spreng.) Muell. Arg. At Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58507. Palicourea macrobotrys (R. & P.) R. & S. Between Sabana Grande and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57873. Psych otria cuspidata Bredem. Between Sabana Grande and Base River (Cano Negro), at south- eastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57889. Psychotria patens Sw. Between Esmeralda Savanna and southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57809. Psychotria spadicea (Pittier) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Pagamea spadicea Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 9: 123. 1944. Sabana de Arboles, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57906. SPERMACOCEAE Borreria suaveolens Mey. Vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, alt. 100 m., 58478. Perama hirsuta Aubl. Among grass, between Esmeralda and Esmeralda Ridge, in Esme- ralda Savanna, near Orinoco River, alt. 150 m., 57766. 1106 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA CINCH ONE A E Ladenbergia Lamhertiana (A. Br.) Kl. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57946. Remijia laevifolia Standl. Tate 930 was erroneously identified by Standley as Remijia tenui- flora Benth. (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 472. 1931). The collection should be referred here to R. laevifolia. The lateral nerves of the leaf blades in R. tenuiflora are ascending, while in R. laevifolia they are divaricately spreading as shown in Tate's specimen. Steyermark 58267 from Savanna Hills, summit of Duida, is a topotype. RETINIPHYLLEAE Retiniphyllum concolor Muell. Arg. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57947. PSYCHOTRIEAE Cephaelis purpurea (Aubl.) Willd. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095, 57950. Psychotria atabapoensis Standl. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57962. Psychotria hyp to ides Benth. P. chondroloma Standl. is a synonym of this, as shown by a study of the type specimen and photographs of the types of the two species. Steyermark 58286 is a topotype of P. chondroloma. P. hyptoides was described originally from a collection near Roraima. Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz. Southeastern-facing slopes along Cano Negro (tributary of Cano Iguapo), alt. 305-1095 m., 57960. SPERMACOCEAE Perama dichotoma P. & E. Summit of Duida, Brocchinia Hills, alt. 1700-1980 m., 58766. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1107 RORAIMA MUSSAENDEAE Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) Schum. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering scream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58589. Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. In meadow, vicinity of Rondon Camp, alt. 2160 m., 58936. Sabicea guianensis Wernh. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58570; between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59037. GUETTARDEAE Malanea sarmentosa Aubl. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58558. PSYCHOTRIEAE Cephaelis axillaris Sw. Ascent of ledge along southwest-facing side, alt. 2100-2255 m. , 58729. Cephaelis iodrotricha (M. Arg.) Standl. Along wooded quebrada, Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue- meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan, north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59228. Cephaelis pubescens Hoffm. Gran^ Sabana, along wooded portion of quebrada tributary to Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1005-1065 m., 59125. Cephaelis purpurea (Aubl.) Willd. Gran Sabana, along wooded quebrada between waterfall at Rue-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59230, 59234. Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl. Gran Sabana, along wooded quebrada, between waterfall at Rue- meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59221. 1108 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Palicourea macrophylla (HBK.) Standl. Gran Sabana, along wooded portion of quebrada tributary to Rio Kukenan, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1005-1065 m., 59124. Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm. P. axillaris Willd. is a synonym of this species, based upon Ronabea erecta Aubl. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58584. Vernacular name: "seriuka-yek." SPERMACOCEAE Borreria hispida Spruce. Dry sandy upland in Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterfall at Rue-raeru (tributary of Rio Kukenan), south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59768. GALIEAE Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondo'n Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58667. PTARI-TEPUI CINCHONEAE Ferdinandusa Goudotiana Schum. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. ^1065-1220 m., 60366, 60368; dense forest at base of Ptari-tepui along Rio Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 60624. No. 60366 was given the vernacular name of "wasta-curan-yek," while collection no. 60366 the name of chipoi-yek." An infusion of the leaves cooked in water is used in the treatment of colds. Hi Ilia parasitic a Jacq. Epiphytic shrub sprawling over ledges and trees on south-facing forested slopes of Ptari-tepui, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800- 1900 ra., 59799. Ladenbergia Lambertiana (A. Br.) Kl. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepur, alt. 1585-1600 m., 60030. Vernacular name: "caroit-yek." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1109 Remijia roraimae (Bench.) Schum. Margin of woods bordering savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59370; Sororopan-tepuf, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2265 m., 60153; open scrubby forest near "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepiu and Sororopan- tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60230; common at edge of woods along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui and Sororopan- tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60718. Previously known only from Roraima. RONDELETIEAE Chalepophyllum guianense Hook. f. Along streamlet in Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59359; dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59670; dominant shrub in savanna, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui', alt. 1615 m., 60233. These are the only collections known from Venezuela; the species is otherwise known from British Guiana, where origi- nally described. Chalepophyllum speciosum N. E. Br. On large sandstone boulder on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari- tepui', in Ronnetia roraimae forest, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59740; south- facing forested slopes of Ptari-tepui, vicinity of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1900 m., 59801; open places on summit of Carrao-tepui', alt. 2500 m., 60896. This species was originally described from Mount Roraima, where it was previously known as an endemic to that region. Sipanea glomerata HBK. JDense forest along Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana- ye'n and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60297. MUSSAENDEAE Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) Schum. Creeping over boulder bordering Rio Pacairao, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kava- nayen, alt. 1220 m., 60500; southeastern portion of base of Carrao- tepui' alt. 1460-1615 m., 60839. Coccocypselum hlrsutum Bartl. Sprawling among clump of Osmunda cinnamomea in Gran Sabana, bordering forest near Rio Karuai, northwest of Mission of Santa 1110 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 59411. This is the only col- lection thus far known from Venezuela. Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60088. Isertia hypoleuca Benth. Dense forest along Rio Karuai between base of Ptari-tepui and first ridge above Rio Karuai, alt. 1220-1375 m., 60604. Local name: "manase-yek," This species ranges from northern South America southward to Peru. In Venezuela it has also been collected in the region of Roraima. GARDENIEAE Dnroia genipoides Hook. f. Southeast -facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' alt. 1585-1600 m., 60027. Local name: "araik-ya-mak-cait-yek." The fruit is edible. RETINIPHYLLEAE Retlnlphyllum erythranthum Standl. Low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59463, 59464. Originally described from Duida. Retiniphyllum laxiflorum (Benth.) N. E. Br. Upper drier portion of forest below mesa, wooded slopes of Que- brada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60353. Local name: "wa-cami-ye." Originally described from the region of Roraima. Also known from Dutch Guiana. GUETTARDEAE Malanea gabrielensis Muell. Arg. Densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui, over- lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2100-2285 m., 59548; Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225-2255 m., 60096. The only other Venezuelan locality from which the species has been collected is along the Rio Pacimoni in Territorio Federal Amazonas. Malanea sarmentosa Aubl. Border of^woods at edge of mesa, vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60525. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1111 CHIOCOCCEAE Chiococca nitida Bench. Vicinity of Salto de Pacairao bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 1220 m., 60510. PSYCHOTRIEAE Cephaelis axillaris Sw. Forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' overlying sandstone, along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 5953 1. Cephaelis Ernest! Krause. South-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui, between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59462; forested south-facing slopes along slopes of quebrada above "Cave Rock," alt. 1810-2100 m., 59533. The last collection was common from 2000 meters to the base of the bluffs. This species was previously known only from Roraima, the type locality. Cephaelis iodotricha (M. Arg.) Standl. South-facing, densely forested slopes between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59419. Cephaelis Tatei Standl. South-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui between Rio Karuai and ridge below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1250-1520 m., 59428. This species was previously known in Venezuela only from Roraima, the type locality. It has since been collected in British Guiana. Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl. Along Rio Karuai, at base of Sororopan-tepiii, west of La Laja, alt. 1220 m., 60793. Geophila trichogyne (M. Arg.) Standl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60402. This species is otherwise known in Venezuela only from the base of Mount Duida. It ranges in the Amazon Valley of Brazil and Peru. Pagamea capitata Benth. Dry sandy and rocky open thickets, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59339; scrubby forest bordering woods by waterfall of Salto de Iraba-naima along Rio Karuai, at southwestern base of 1112 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Ptari-tepul, alt. 1220 m., 60700. Vernacular name: "tabairu-yek." The Caraarata Indians of this region use the grease from the oil of the fruit for greasing the strings of their violins or guitars. Pagamea thyrsiflora Spruce. Vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui' alt. 1615 m., 60264. Palicourea crocea (Sw.) R. & S. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., 60016. Vernacular name: "seleu-ka-yek." Palicourea Fendleri Standl. Sororopan-tepui, densely wooded slopes of narrow ridge between quebrada and summit, alt. 2130-2250 m., 60173. The species is other- wise known in Venezuela from the Andes and Cordillera de la Costa. Palicourea obtusata Krause. Scrubby Bonne tia Steyermarkii thickets of densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui overlying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59566. Previously known only from Roraima, the type locality. Psychotria cacuminis Standl. Bonne tia roraimae forest on southwest-facing- shoulder of Ptari- tepui', alt. 2000-2200 m., 59737; summit of Carrao-tepuf, alt. 2470- 2500 m., 60891. This species has been known previously only from the summit of Duida. Psychotria campylopoda Standl. Low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui', vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59475; Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2000-2200 m., 59762. This species has been known previously only from Duida and Auyan-tepui. Psychotria chlorantha Benth. Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui', alt. 2000-2200 m., 59747; summit of Carrao-tepui, alt. 2470-2500 m., 60885, These are the only collections known from Venezuela. The species is otherwise known only from British and Dutch Guiana. Psychotria concinna Oliver. Bonnetia roraimae forest on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari- tepui', alt. 2000-2200 m., 59761. The species is otherwise known only from Roraima, the type locality. Psychotria crassa Benth. Densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui over- I BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1113 lying sandstone, between "Cave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 ra., 59569; Sororopa'n-tepui', wooded ridge be- tween quebrada and waterfall (Salto de Iwaracaru-raeru), alt. 1615- 1980^m., 60202; Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan- tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60214. A common epiphytic shrub or vine in this area. Psychotria cuspidata Bredem. ^Along streamlet in lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-1065 ra., 60534. Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm. South-facing densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui along fast- running stream of "Large Lunch River" below "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500 m., 59457; along mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavana- yen, alt. 1220 m., 60474. This species ranges from Central America to Trinidad, Brazil, and Bolivia. Psychotria Hoffmanseggiana (R. & P.) Muell. Arg. Along streambed at Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui' alt. 1615 m., 60226. The only other Venezuelan localities for this species are in the Upper Orinoco area in the vicinity of Tamatama and on the lower slopes of Mount Duida. The species is otherwise found in the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil. Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. Along streambed at Salto de Iwaracaru-meru, at western end of Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60226b.; vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," on mesa between Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui, alt. 1615 m., 60257. This species was previously known as P. involucrata Sw. Psychotria racemifera Standl. Dense forest along Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavana- yen and base of Ptari-tepui' alt. 1220 m., 60296. Known also from Brazil, Colombia, and eastern Peru. Psychotria sancti-caroli Standl. Wooded slopes of Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Rib Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 ra., 60377. Vernacular name: "sereuka-yek." This species is known otherwise only from San Carlos de Rio Negro, the type locality. Psychotria uliginosa Sw. South-facing, densely forested slopes of Ptari-tepui, between "Large Lunch River" and "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1500-1520 m., 59459. A widely dispersed species, ranging from southern Mexico to Panama, the West Indies, and northern South America. 1114 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 SPERMACOCEAE Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. Sprawling and climbing over shrubs and bushes on Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60068. Perama dichotoma Poepp. & Endl. Low scrubby growth on flat portion of south-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui' vicinity of "Misia Kathy Camp," alt. 1585 m., 59470; among grass at edge of forested slopes on edge of mesa escarpment between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and wooded quebrada about 8 kms. northwest of Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60453; rocky mossy banks of Rio Pacairao in vicinity of Salto de Pacairao, about 3 kms. east to northeast of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 1220 m., 60504. Elsewhere in Venezuela known from the summit of Duida, the upper Paragua, and Roraima. Ranging also in Amazonian Brazil, British and Dutch Guiana. Perama galioides Poir. On steep savanna slope bordering forest, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59383; dry sandy and rocky sandstone ex- posures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59658. Found also in Brazil and British Guiana. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE NAUCLEEAE Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. ANZOATEGUI: dense forest along Rio Cangrejo, tributary to Rio Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61174. Vernacular name: "bejuco de gavilan." The thick stems of this high-climbing liana carry potable water. The species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. Its range is Central America, Trinidad, Dutch Guiana, and Colombia. CINCHONEAE Cinchona pubescens Vahl. ANZOATEGUI: common on steep slopes of ravine near the head- waters of a tributary of the Ri'o Zurabador, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61323, 61324; slopes of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), east of Bergantin, alt. 1600 m., 61702. SUCRE: very common in forest along northeast- facing quebrada tributary to Rio Manzanares, between La Trinidad I BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1115 and ridge connecting Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire), alt. 1300-1900 m., 62762. In the last- cited locality, the local name of "<:anelo" was given. This species ranges in Venezuela from the Andes at the Colombian border eastward and northeastward through all the Andean states, and reappears in the Cordillera de la Costa. The above collections cited are the only ones thus far known in the Oriente section of the Cor- dillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Hillia parasitica Jacq. ANZoXTEGUI: epiphytic shrub along Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61433. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62044. Manettia meridensis Schum. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, north- west of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62074. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62446. A species of the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela here found at its eastern limit of distribution in the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. RONDELETIEAE Rondeletia cumanensis HBK. ANZO/TEGUI: on vertical shaley banks along Rio Leon by Que- brada Danta, tributary to Rio Neveri, northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 500 m., 61061. MONAGAS: dry open thickets in cut-over land, between Institute Biblico at Las Delicias and Caripe, alt. 860-900 m., 62132. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedenb and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62830. The above-cited collections are the only ones known in addition to the type, collected by Humboldt and Bonpland near Cumanacoa. Rondeletia inconstans Standl. ANZoXTEGUI: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61424. MONAGAS: base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 67903. These stations represent an eastern extension of its previous known range in the Cordillera de la Costa and Andes of Venezuela. Also found in Colombia. 1116 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Sipanea pratensis MONAGAS: between Montana de Aguacate and Colorado, along Rio Caripe, east of Caripe, alt. 700-800 m., 62237. Widely distributed in northern South America and Trinidad. CONDAMINEAE Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leon of Quebrada Danta and Rio Zumbador^ northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 500-600 m., 61136. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Ri'o Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 ra., 62185. The collection in Anzoategui was given the name "amarillo"; this is in reference to the deep orange-yellow heartwood. The very hard wood is used for beams, rafters, and posts. The trees attain a considerable height (up to 30 meters) and are commonly buttressed. The above collections represent the first made in the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. The only other collection known from the Oriente of Venezuela is one by Rusby and Squires from the Lower Orinoco. MUSSAENDEAE Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) Schum. ANZoATEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neveri, between Rio Leo'n and "Carmelita," northeast of Berganti'n, alt. 800-1200 m., 61384. MONAGAS: El Pa'rarao, north- east of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m.^ 62032. The vernacular name for the Anzoa'tegui collection was "anilina." In Monagas the native inhabitants are reported to use the crushed plant, placed in water, and given as an infusion to children having worms. The above specimens are the only ones known from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Tammsia anomala Karst. ANZOATEGUI: common along margin of Rio Zumbador and tribu- tary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantm, alt. 800- 1000 m., 61310. SUCRE: between Rio Manzanares and La Trinidad, Cerro Turumiquire, alt. 800-1300 m., 62769. The fruit is edible. The above stations represent a considerable eastward extension of its previously known range in the Cordillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Caracas and Colonia de Tovar. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1117 HAMELIEAE Hoffmannia apodantha Standl. dense forest^ Quebrada Negra, tributary of Rio Zurabador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61152. Vernacular name: "flor de chivo." GARDENIEAE Alibertia edulis (L. Rich) A. Rich. MONAGAS: forested slopes along top of sandstone escarpment above Rio Amana, at La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil Company Camp, 7 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 244 m., 61760. The other Vene- zuelan station is in the state of Zulia. The species is widely dis- tributed in tropical America. GUETTARDEAE Anisomeris polyantha (Blake) Standl. SUCRE: southern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62842. Local name: "cruceto. " This represents the easternmost known station for this species, previously collected in the Cordillera de la Costa from the Distrito Federal westward to the state of Carabobo. Guettarda discolor Rusby. cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Que- brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61537. MONAGAS: forested summit of mountain on property of Pedro Pablo Centeno, southwest of Caripe, alt. 1300-1350 m., 67972. These collections represent the easternmost stations for the species in Venezuela. The species was known previously from the Cordillera de la Costa from the vicinity of Caracas westward to the state of Aragua. Guettarda Pittieri Standl. ANZoATEGUI: forested slopes, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 ra., 61471. Local name: cruceto real." This is the only collection thus far known from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. 1118 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 COUSSAREAE Coussarea paniculata (Vahl) Standl. ANZO/TEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61097. Local name: cenicero." This species is found in Trinidad and the Guianas, but has not been reported previously from Vene- zuela, where it has also been found in the Andes (Steyermark 57449). Faramea Killipii Standl. ANZoXTEGUI: forested slopes between Rio Leo'n of Quebrada Danta and Ri'o Zumbador, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500-600 m., 61133; on steep slopes along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1100-1450 m., 61332. The local name given collection no. 61133 was cenicero." Birds are reported to eat the fruit. The determinations of the above speci- mens are questionable. PSYCHOTRIEAE Cephaelis muscosa Sw. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62190. The only previous record made in the Oriente was on the isla Margarita. The present collection is the first to be taken on the mainland in the Oriente of Venezuela. Cephaelis pubescens Hoffm. ANZOATEGUI: forested slopes of ravine of Montana de las Pa- lomas, tributary of Rio Neveri, between ' Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 ra., 61450. This is the only collection thus far known from the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) Schum. ANZO/TEGUI: dryish forested slopes, ^Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61119. Local name: toton." The plant is reputed to be used as a remedy for certain afflictions. The present collection is the only one known from northern Venezuela and the Cordillera de la Costa. Palicoorea angustifolia HBK. MONAGAS: forested southwest-facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500, 61860a. The present collection is apparently the only one known from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. The species ranges into Colombia. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1119 Palicourea perquadrangularis Wernh. ANZO/TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, along headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1600-1800 ra., 61584. MONAGAS: forested southwest-facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61860; Cerro Negro, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62059, 6206^0; Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62210. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62453. This species, which is also known in Colombia, has previously been collected in Venezuela in the Andes and the Cordillera de la Costa east to the vicinity of Caracas. These are the first collections to be made in the Oriente section. Psychotria alba R. & P. ANZoXTEGUI:^ woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Never/, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61029. Local name: cenicero. " The orange-yellow to red fruits are eaten by various birds and mammals, including man. The present collection is the only one known from the Oriente section of Venezuela. The species ranges from Central America to Brazil and Bolivia. Psychotria capitate R. & P. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62197. The present collection is the only record for this species in the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. The species ranges widely from Central America, Trini- dad, the Guianas, southward to Brazil and Bolivia. It was reported previously from Venezuela under the name P. inundata Benth., a synonym. Psychotria Eggersii Standl. ANZOA'TEGU!: Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leo'n and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000- 1450 m., 61425. Psychotria fortuita Standl. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 62441. The species ranges from Colombia eastward in Venezuela in the Cordillera de la Costa, but has not been found previously east of the vicinity of Caracas. 1120 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Psych otria grand is Sw. ANZoATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri' northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61074; along Rio Zumbador and tributary, near base of Piedra Blanca, northeast of Bergantin,f alt. 800-1000 m., 61275. Local name for no. 61074 was given as mangle." The fruit is eaten by birds. The only previous collection known in Venezuela was taken from the Colonia Tovar in the state of Aragua, much farther to the west in the Cordillera de la Costa. The species ranges from Central America and the West Indies south to Colombia. Psychotria horizontalis Sw. SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62804. This species ranges north to Mexico and the West Indies and south to Ecuador. Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. ANZOATEGUI: in ravine on forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tributary of Rio Neveri, between Carmelita" and Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61453. The present collec- tion is the only one recorded for the species in Venezuela from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Psychotria parasitica Sw. MONAGAS: common epiphyte, south-facing forested slopes above limestone bluffs, northeast of Guacharo, alt. 1300-1400 m., 62001. The present collection is the only one in Venezuela known from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. The species is known otherwise in the West Indies. Psychotria uliginosa Sw. !: forested slopes of Montana de las Palomas, tribu- tary of Rio Neveri' between "Carmelita" and "Natalia," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 900-1000 m., 61444. MONAGAS: forested southwest- facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61859. The above-cited specimens are the only records of this species from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Rudgea Rostmanniana Benth. ANZOA'TEGU!: woods along Rio Leon by Quebrada Danta, ^tribu- tary to Rio Neveri' northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61034. MONAGAS: forested southwest- facing slopes of Cerro Negro, above La Sabana^ de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500 m., 61843. The Anzoategui collection was given the local name of cenicero. " The deep red fruit is edible. The wood is used in house construc- tion. The species ranges into the Guianas and Trinidad. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1121 ANTHOSPERMEAE Gomozia granadensis L. ANZO/LTEGUI: creeping among moss on ground in cloud forest, on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61675. SUCRE: creeping along mossy rocky banks of Rio Colorado, Cerro Turumiquire, southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62637. Although widely distributed in Central and South America, this species has been rarely collected in Venezuela. The present col- lections are the only ones known from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. SPERMACOCEAE Emmeorrbiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. ANZOA'TEGU!: vining on small tree on Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above Carraelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, north- east of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61423. The present collection extends the range of this species in Venezuela into the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. The species ranges into Brazil and Bolivia. Richardia scabra L. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62416. The above-cited collection is the only one known from the Oriente of Venezuela. The species is widely distributed in tropical America. GALIEAE Relbuninm hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. ANZOATEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1 800-2000^ m., 61632; sprawling in shade of trees near summit of Cerro Peonia, alt. 2300 ra., 61663; rocky thickets in small openings on south-facing steep slopes of Cerro Peom'a, alt. 1600-1800 m., 61580. The above collections are the only ones known in Venezuela from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. 1122 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS NAUCLEEAE Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. BOLl'VAR: vicinity of Turaeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 m., 60922. Local name: "una de gavilan/' CINCHONEAE Cinchona officinalis L. TACHIRA: rich woods along Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Taraa', 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57250, 57259, 57268. Local name: "quina tuna." The above-cited collections are the only ones known for this Andean species in Venezuela. Reaching its known northeastern limits at the above-cited stations, the species ranges along the Andes south to Bolivia. Hillia parasitica Jacq. ME RID A: ligneous vine, sprawling on ground in woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m. , 55808; between La Azulita and La Trampa, on road towards Lagunillas, alt. 1280-2225 m., 56156: rich steep northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56591. Widely distributed in tropical America. Ladenbergia Pittieri Standl. MliRIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56695. Local name: quina." The bark is used in this region in the neighborhood of Palmita, Bolero, and Mesa Bolivar, as a type of quinine remedy, and is sold in the local farmacias or drugstores, with the spirited liquor, aguardiente, to drink. The species was previously known only from the state of Trujillo, the type locality. Manettia Schumanniana Sprague. LARA: near ridge top of moist cloud forest, on south- and south- west-facing slopes at Palojosco above Los Aposentos, above Humo- caro Bajo, alt. 2530-2575 m., 55250; upper limit of dwarf woods between Las Sabanetas and ridge top by boundary line Lara- Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2&00-2800 m., 55372. ME'RIDA: rich wooded slopes along quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua' and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56475; rich steep northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56603. The other stations for this Venezuelan species have been collected from the Cordillera de la Costa. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1123 RONDELETIEAE Eleagia Karstenii Standl. TRUJILLO: common forest tree in dense woods below paramo and ridge top, La Quebrada Cortijo, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55323; around Las Sabanetas, above Humocaro Bajo, slopes of mountain between Santo Domingo and Los Quebraditos^ alt. 2430-2745 m., 55476. Steyermark 56676 from the state of Merida is doubtfully referred here. Local name: "quino'n. " The species had been known previously only from the Cordillera de la Costa in the vicinity of Colonia Tovar and the vicinity of Caracas. Condaminea corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. MERIDA: dry slopes between La Trampa and Lagunillas, alt. 1188-2430 m., 56208; common in draws in slightly wooded or brushy areas between grassy slopes^ between Beguilla and Mucuchachi, alt. 1300-1600 m., 56306; Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama, opposite Merida, alt. 1675-1850 m., 56659. In the last-cited collection, the floral dimensions are as follows: calyz 4 mm. high, corolla 2.2 cm. long (corolla tube 1.3 cm. long, corolla lobes 0.9 cm. long). The vernacular name given no. 56208 was anime chiquita" or 'guamo," while that for no. 56306 was cacahuito." The large leaves are sometimes used for wrapping objects, while the wood is sometimes employed in the sugar cane mills. Although the species ranges from Bolivia to Panama, it was not recorded previously from Venezuela until the present collections were made. HEDYOTIDEAE Arcytophyllnm microphyllum (Willd.) Standl. MERIDA: in prostrate mats on open subparamo, Paramo de Pozo Negro, between San Jose' and Beguilla, alt. 2590-3220 m., 56289. An Andean species ranging into Ecuador. Arcytophyllum muticum (Wedd.) Standl. TACHIRA: in prostrate dense, creeping clumps, on limestone out- crops of Paramo de Taraa, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57376. The above collection is the only record for this species in Venezuela. It is otherwise known in Colombia and Costa Rica. 1124 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) DC. BOLfvAR: margin of swamp, vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and airport, alt. 305 m., 60950. Vernacular name: " i • »» perdiguero. HAMELIEAE Hoffmannia triosteoides Standl. ME'RIDA: in colonies near stream in woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 55797. This is the only known Venezuelan collection of this species, known otherwise from Colombia. GARDENIEAE Amaioua guianensis Aubl, BOLIVAR: woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57684. This species ranges from the Guianas into Brazil. Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) R. & S. ME'RIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56091. The present collection cited is the only one thus far recorded from the Andes of Venezuela. The species is widely distributed in tropical America. Randia aculeata L. BOLfvAR: vicinity of Tumeremo, between south of town and air- port, alt. 305 ra., 60961. Local name: "punta real." A widely distributed species, ranging from Colombia to Mexico, the West Indies, and southern Florida. Rarely collected in Venezuela. Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. BOLfvAR : wooded thickets bordering wet savanna between Rio Carom' and Ciudad Boh'var, alt. 200 m., 57630. The flowers are very fragrant in this species. This species, which is widely distributed in tropical America, has not previously been found in the Oriente of Venezuela. GUETTARDEAE Chomelia tenniflora Benth. MERIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56104. Local name: "cruceta." This collection is the only one known from the Andes of Venezuela. The species ranges into Colombia and the Guianas. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1125 Guettarda parviflora Vahl BOLfvAR: upland savanna with Curate Ha, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57544; dry thickets bordering woods 1-10 kms. northwest of Upata, on road to San Felix, between Upata and Altagracia, alt. 700 m., 57678, 57691; vicinity of Turaererao, between south of town and airport, alt. 305 m., 60930. The vernacular name for the last- cited collection is "punta real blanca. " The above collections are the only ones known in Venezuela outside of the Cordillera de la Costa and Isla Margarita. The species occurs elsewhere in the West Indies and the Guianas. Guettarda sabiceoides Standl. LARA: slopes of mountain between Santo Domingo and Los Que- braditos, south of Las Sabanetas, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2430- 2745 m., 55411. A sterile collection, (Steyermark 57251) from the state of Tachira. is referred doubtfully to this species. The ver- nacular name of quina negra" was given to the Lara collection. In this area the leaves are boiled with those of tobacco to produce the tobacco juice, known as chimo." This Colombian species is here recorded in Venezuela on the basis of the above collections. COUSSAREAE Coiissarea paniculata (Vahl.) Standl. TA'CHIRA: rich steep wooded slopes, Alto de Lirio, between Bramo'n and Las Delicias, alt. 1890-2285 ra., 57449. A species of Trinidad and the Guianas. Faramea capillipes Muell. Arg. MliRIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolfvar, alt. 545-915 m., 56735. Local name: "cafecito." This collection is the only one thus far known from the Andes of Venezuela. PSYCHOTRIEAE Paliconrea anacardifolia (H. & B.) Standl. TXCHIRA: wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama' between Betania and Tama, by Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57194. This is the only Venezuelan record of the species, known otherwise from Colombia. Palicourea Fendleri Standl. MliRIDA: between Mucuchachi and Canagua', alt. 1065-1820 m., 56343. This is the only record of the species from the Venezuelan Andes. The species is limited to Venezuela. 1126 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Palicourea macrophylla (HBK.) Standl. ME'RIDA: ^rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56705. This is the only record of the species from the Venezuelan Andes. The species ranges from British Guiana to Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. Psychotria Aschersoniana Schura. & Krause. ME'RIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, near stream along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 m., 558JI;rich moist woods, Los Quebraditos, above Jaji, alt. 2590 m., 55987; rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56397; rich steep northwest- and northeast-facing forested slopes above "La Isla," above Tabay, alt. 2285-2745 m., 56614; Montana de San Jacinto, on north side of Rio Chama, opposite Merida, alt. 2195-2375 m., 56678. TACHIRA: wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Paramo de Tama, between Betania and Tama, by Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2430 m., 57174; rich woods near and border- ing Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57258; rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 ra., 57337. Despite the apparent frequency of this species in the Andes of Merida and Tachira, these are the only collections known outside of Colombia. Psychotria brachiata Sw. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 ra., 56714. The present collection cited is the only one thus far known from Venezuela. It is widely dis- tributed in tropical America. Psychotria capitata R. & P. ME'RIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56775. Psychotria costularia (Baill.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Uragoga costularia Baill., Adansonia 12: 248. 1879. DISTRITO FEDERAL: common around ridge top, Cordillera del Avila, between Picacho del Galipan and Boca del Tigre, alt. 1960- 1980 m., 56919. This is apparently the second record of this species originally described from Co Ionia Tovar, known from Venezuela. Psychotria fortuita Standl. MERIDA: woods above Las Cuadras, along Quebrada Molino, north of Torondoy, alt. 1820-2255 ra., 55828. Local name: "uvito." The BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1127 present collection cited is the only one thus far known from the Andes of Venezuela. The species ranges from the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela into the mountains of Colombia. Psychotria limonensis Krause. MERIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56072; rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56099; between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56133; rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56713. The above collections are the only records for this species in Venezuela. It occurs elsewhere in Colombia and Central America. Psychotria longirostris (Rusby) Standl. MERIDA: rich damp^ forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua, above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56394. The above collection is the only record of this species from the Andes of Venezuela, the other Venezuelan col- lections occurring in the Cordillera de la Costa. The species also occurs in Colombia. Rudgea Hostmanniana Benth. ME*RIDA: moist rich forest, Quebrada de Los Salichales, tributary of Rio Canagua, southwest of Canagua, alt. 1950-2135 ra., 56442. The species occurs in the Guianas and Trinidad also. All the other Venezuelan collections are from lower elevations. SPERMACOCEAE Borreria hispida Spruce. APURE: savanna at airfield, Puerto Paez, alt. 200 m., 58533. Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. TAcHIRA: between Villapaez and Betania, along Rio Tachira, by Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2130-2285 m., 57430. Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd.) Schurab. MERIDA: rich forested slopes along Rio Onia, near Bolero, north of Mesa Bolivar, alt. 545-915 m., 56710a. The above collection is the only record of this species in the Andean portion of Venezuela. The species is widely distributed in the lowlands of tropical America. 1128 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CAPRIFOLIACEAE ANDES Viburnum tin o ides L.f. TA'CHIRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Qiiebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama', 2 kras. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57225. DIPSACACEAE ANDES Dipsacus fullanum L. MliRIDA: pasture land near La Trampa, alt. 2225 m., 56191. This genus and species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. CUCURBITACEAE PTARI-TEPUl' Anguria cissoides Benth. Gurania cissoides (Benth.) Cogn. Lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n, alt. 915-1065 m., 60550. Local name: chiri-du-ca-yek." CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Anguria spinulosa Poepp. & Endl. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m.f 62231. Anguria Vogliana Suessenguth. ANZOA'TEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to^Rio Neveri", northeast of Bergantfn, alt. 500 m., 61005. Local name: bejuco de patilla de agua. " The crushed leaves are employed by witch doctors for curative purposes. Calycophysum brevipes Pittier. MONAGAS: forested summit of mountain on property of Pedro Pablo Centeno, southwest of Caripe, alt. 1300-1350 m., 67978. This species has previously been known in Venezuela only from the type locality in the vicinity of Caracas. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1129 Cyclanthera explodens Naud. MONAGAS: vining in thickets ^in cafetal at base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 61899. This species has been known in Venezuela previously from the vicinity of Colonia Tovar de Aragua in the Cordillera de la Costa. Cyclanthera leptostachya Benth. ANZoXTEGUI: steep forested slopes above headwaters of Que- brada de Tigra, Cerro San Jose', between Bergantin and Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1700 m., 67558. This species was 'not included in the Catalogo de la Flora Vene- zolana. Other Venezuelan collections which may be referred to this species are Williams 10116 from the state of Aragua and Pittier 13764 from Junquito, Distrito Federal. Melotbria heteroloba Pittier. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Ri'o Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62414. This species has not been reported previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Anguria Wageneriana Schl. Gurania Wageneriana (Schlecht.) Cogn. MERIDA: rich damp forest along northwest- and west-facing slopes of Quebrada de Montana, in La Montana de Los Torritos, tributary to Rio Canagua', above Finca La Montana, 8 kms. southwest of Canagua, alt. 1925-2075 m., 56382. Recorded in Venezuela previously from the Cordillera de la Costa. Ceratosanthes latiloba Cogn. TRUJILLO: vicinity of La Concepcion, alt. 455 m., 55846. Previ- ously recorded in Venezuela from the Cordillera de la Costa. Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad. T/CHIRA: cultivated in garden at Betania near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 2300 m., 57166. Local name: "pepino." The fruit of this plant is eaten locally as a stuffed pepper, either cooked or pickled. Elaterium carthaginense Jacq. DISTRITO FEDERAL: shaded thickets of Cordillera del Avila, at Los Venados, above Caracas, alt. 1555 m., 55115. 1130 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 This collection is referred to this species rather than to E. gracile Cogn., because the corolla lobes and calyx are not nearly as long as those in the Mexican and Central American material of E. gracile, nor do they agree with the measurements given in the description of E. gracile by Cogniaux. They more nearly approach the shorter corollas and calyx tube measurements of E. carthaginense, although the corolla is only about half the length of the calyx tube in the Steyermark specimen, whereas in typical E. carthaginense the corolla lobes about equal the calyx tube. LOBELIACEAE8* PTARI-TEPUf Centropogon cornntus (L.) Druce. Openings around conuco in Quebrada O-paru-ma, between Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n and Rio Pacairao (tributary of Rio Mouak), alt. 1065-1220 m., 60443; lower portion of Quebrada O-paru-ma', alt. 915 m., 60584. The vernacular name for the last collection was given as "tucuy-nanga-yek. " Centropogon roraimanus E. Wimmer. Sororopa'n-tepui' crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 m., 60106, 60122. This is the second known locality for the species, the type collection having been obtained from the vicinity of Roraima. Siphocampylus reticulatus (Willd.) Vatke. S. tepuiensis Gleason is a synonym. Along base of east-facing, high sandstone bluffs of Ptari-tepui, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59920, 59959. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce. ANZOATEGUI: woods along Rio Leo'n by Quebrada Danta, tribu- tary to Rio Neveri' northeast of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61015. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tribu- tary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Carip^ito, alt. 600-900 m., 62176. The vernacular name given to the Anzoategui collection was "gallita de monte"; the fruit is edible. Siphocampylus reticulatus (Willd.) Vatke. cloud forest of Fila Grande, headwaters of Que- brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1800-1850 m., 61542; south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above " Lobeliaceae by Rogers McVaugh BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1131 tree zone, Cerro ^Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61593. ANDES Burmeistera puberula Wimmer. TACHIRA: epiphytic liana on tree-fern trunk in rich woods near and bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57260. Not previously reported from Venezuela, the species occurs elsewhere in Colombia. Centropogon elmanus Wimmer. M^RIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55758. There is considerable question about the exact identity of this specimen, as the flowers are much larger than those described for this species. Centropogon ferrugineus (L.f.) Gleason. MliRIDA: dry rocky gneissic-granitic slopes, between Timotes and Paramito, alt. 2285-3500 m., 55691; Cuesta de Rincon and Cuesta del Barro, between Canagua and La Quebrada, on road to El Molino, alt. 1925-2715 m., 56457. Centropogon hyalinus McVaugh. TA'CHIRA: along small stream bordering Quebrada de Palmar, at foot of Paramo de Tama, in rich woods, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57252. This is the second col- lection known, the first from Venezuela. The species was recently described from Colombia. Centropogon solanifolius Benth. MliRIDA: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55752. Lobelia rupestris HBK. TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cory jo, dense woods below paramo and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55350. Vernacular name: "avenita morada." This species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. It occurs in Colombia also. Siphocampylns Schlimmianus Pi. TAcHIRA: wooded quebrada in Montana of Rio Tachira at base of Pa'ramo de Tama', between Betania and Tama, by Colombian-Vene- zuelan boundary, alt. 2430 ra., 57191. This Colombian species has not previously been reported from Venezuela. 1132 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 COMPOSITAE84 DUIDA LOWLAND SPECIES EUPATORIEAE Eupatorium asperulaoeum Baker. Sabana Grande, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 200 m., 57862; Sabana de Arboles, at southeastern base of Cerro Duida, alt. 210 m., 57907. This species is described by Baker (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6: pt. 2: 342. 187o) as having the corolla "pallide lilacina" and the heads as 15-flowered. In three collections made by the author (Steyermark 57862, 57907, and 59188) the corollas are whitish and the heads are 14- or 18- flowered. SPECIES OF MOUNT DUIDA HELIANTHEAE-GALINSOGINAE Calea abelioides Blake. Steyermark 58260, collected from the type locality (Savanna Hills, summit of Cerro Duida), has mature heads of flowers. The type (Tate 768) was described from less mature flower heads and the description should be emended slightly as follows: pedicellis 1-12 mm. longis; capitulis 5-7 mm. altis, 3-7 mm. latis; pappi paleis 15-22, 2.8-3.2 mm. longis; achaeniis maturis 2-2.2 mm. longis. MUTISIEAE Stenopadus crassifolius Blake. Steyermark 58149 from Brocchinia Hills, summit of Duida, and Steyermark 58354 from high moist ridge top, summit of Duida were collected from the type locality. The original description for this species states that the corollas are "apparently whitish." whereas ray field notes for the above collections taken from fresh living material have the corollas as "buff-cream" in color. 84 Senecio and Diplostephium by Jose Cuatrecasas BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1133 RORAIMA VERNONIEAE Vernonia ehretiaefolia Bench. Forested southwest-facing quebrada near Rondon Camp, alt. 2040 m., 58675. Vernonia varroniaefolia DC. is given in the Catalogo de la Flora Venezolana as the correct name for the collection which is here referred to V. ehretiaefolia, but V. varroniaefolia is a different species and is misapplied in the Catalogo. The correct name appears to be V. ehretiaefolia Benth., not Gardn. EUPATORIEAE Eupatorium asperulaceum Baker. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue^raeru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1054 m. , 59188. See discussion of this species under section of Duida— lowland species. Eupatorium fuscum N. E. Brown. Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1830- 1920 m., 58643. Vernacular name: Myoy-yarey." This collection is a topotype and apparently the second collection made of the species since the original by Connell & Quelch. This present collection indicates that the heads may vary from 11-19- f lowered, while the toraentum of the branches is brownish or even lavender-brown instead of "blackish" as mentioned by Brown. The upper surface of the leaves in the Steyermark collection is more pube- scent than is indicated by Brown's original description of "glabrous (except along the veins,)." In the Steyermark collection the veins on the upper surface are tomentulose, but on the surface itself there are numerous short hairs (when viewed under a lens), although of varying degrees of density. Eupatorinm inulaefolium HBK. Phillip Swamp, southwest-facing slopes, alt. 1665 m., 59017. Mikania micrantha HBK. Gran Sabana, in woods bordering stream tributary to Rio Kukenan, at base of Mount Roraima, alt. 1185-1280 m., 58554. Local name: "chak-kumi-yek. ' ' 1134 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 INULEAE Achy roc line Vargasiana DC. In meadow, vicinity of Rondon Camp, alt. 2160 m., 58937. Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC. Savanna at base of Mount Rorairaa near Kun and Rio Kukenan, alt. 1065 m., 58551. Vernacular name: "raoro-yek" (when translated to Spanish signifies mata de peces). HELIANTHEAE-MILLERINAE Clibadiuni surinamense L. Glycon Swamp and vicinity, southwest-facing .slopes, alt. 1830-1920 m., 58625. Vernacular name: "sacab-yek." HELIANTHEAE-MELAMPODINAE Ichthyothere hirsuta Gardn. Gran Sabana, between waterfall at Rue'-meru (tributary of Rio Kukenan) and Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan north of Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065 m., 59214. This is a Brazilian species, which has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Ichthyothere terminalis (Spreng.) Blake. Gran Sabana, between Kun and Uaduara-paru, in valley of Rio Kukena'n, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 1065-1220 m., 59053. HEL IANTHEAE-GALINSOGINAE Calea lucidivenia Gleason & Blake. Swampy margin of morichal in Gran Sabana, between Divina Pastora on Rio Kukenan and Santa Elena, south of Mount Roraima, alt. 915- 1005 m., 59307. Originally described from Mount Auyan-tepui. PTARI-TEPirf EUPATORIEAE Fupatorium amygdalinum Lam. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60317. Kupatorium inulaefolium HBK. Sororopan-tepui, alt. 2225-2255 m., 60075. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1135 Eupatorium laevigatum Lam. Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225-2255 m., 60055; lower portion of Que- brada O-paru-ma, tributary of Rio Pacairao, below Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, alt. 915-10(55 m., 60583. The last collection was given the vernacular name of "oro-yan-tumeupa. " Eupatorium Thurnii Robinson. Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225-2255 m., 60067. Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd. var. tomentosa Hier. Dense forest along Rio Karuai bordering savanna between base of Ptari-tepui'and Sororopan-tepui' alt. 1220 m., 60717. Mikania lucida Blake. M. Phelpsii Maguire & Steyermark, as discussed in an earlier report, is a synonym. Southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' alt. 1585-1600 m., 60026. Vernacular name: "cha-yek." Mikania pannosa Baker. M. bolivarensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 10: 299. 1946. Sororopan-tepui, crest of cerro between east and west end, alt. 2255 ra., 60707. Mikania bolivarensis Badillo was based upon collections made in Venezuela by Steyermark (Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 10: 299. 1946). The type collection of M. bolivarensis (Steyermark 60107), cited above, and the paratype (Steyermark 58662) from Mount Roraima (the type locality of M. pannosa) have been carefully studied and compared with topotype material of M. pannosa (Pinkus 57) determined by Dr. Blake. A detailed study of Baker's original diagnosis of M. pannosa made in connection with the above specimens leaves no doubt that M. bolivarensis is conspecific with M. pannosa, and must, therefore, lapse into synonymy. Mikania scabra DC. M. karuaiensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 10: 296. 1946. Sprawling in thickets on margin of steep woods bordering savanna, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen north- west to Ri'o Karuai, alt. 1220 m., 59372. The above collection is the type upon which Badillo based his Mikania karuaiensis (Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 10: 296-297. 1946). A study of this collection does not reveal any differences by which it can be differentiated from M. scabra DC. (M. raceraulosa Benth.). Badillo states that the leaves are smaller than M. scabra and have larger teeth than that species, but there is considerable variation in leaf-size and dentation in several specimens of M. scabra available 1136 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 for study, including photographs of the types of M. scabra and M. racemulosa, and isotype collections of the latter. There is no doubt, after careful . comparison of the various characters studied, that M. karuaiensis and M. scabra are cons pec if ic. Baccharis rufescens Spreng. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui, alt. 1220 m., 60345. This species, together with 5. varians Gardn. (B. rufescens var. rufescens), have previously been known in Venezuela only from Roraima. There does not appear to be any sound reason for keeping B. varians apart from B. rufescens, the latter being the earliest acceptable name. Baccharis Schomburgkil Baker. Sororopa'n-tepui' alt. 2225-2255 m., 60053. This species has been known previously in Venezuela from Roraima and Duida. Erigeron bonariensis L. var. leiothecus Blake. Sororopan-tepui' alt. 2225-2255 m., 6008 1. INULEAE Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. In thicket with Osmunda cinnamomea, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59330; southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1585-1600 m., 60066. In the Catalog© de la Flora Venezolana the above collections were cited (p. 505, vol. 2) under A. candicans DC. This is an Ecuadoream species, which does not reach Venezuela, and all the Venezuelan material cited under A. candicans has been misidentified and should be transferred to A. satureioides DC. Achyrocline Vargasiana DC. Sororopan-tepui' alt. 2225-2255 m., 60065. This taxon is probably better treated as a variety of A. satureioides. Gnaphalium elegans HBK. Sororopan-tepui', alt. 2225-2255 m., 60064. The plant is licorice- scented. Lucilia radians (Benth.) Cuatr., Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat. Ser. Bot. Num. 33: 138. 1936. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1137 Luc ilia radians (Bench.) Steyerm., Fieldiana 28: 642. 1953. At the time of publication by the present author, Dr. Cuatrecasas' combination had not been entered in the Gray Herbarium card index. Dr. Cuatrecasas has kindly called my attention to his earlier legiti- mate combination. HELIANTHEAE-VERBESININAE Verbesina Schomburgkii Sch. Bip. Sororopa'n-tepui' alt. 2225-2255 m., 60070. Verbesina guianensis Baker is a synonym of this species. Both taxa were based upon collections obtained from the vicinity of Roraima. The present collection is the first to be made outside of the type locality. HELIANTHEAE-GALINSOGINAE Calea lucidivenia Gleason & Blake. Savanna and shrubby growth bordering forest of Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and base of Ptari-tepui' alt. 1220 m., 60299. Originally described from Mount Auyan-tepui. Now known from Roraima, Guaiquinima, Auyan-tepui, and Ptari-tepu/ between 1000 and 1740 meters. MUTISIEAE Gongylolepis Benthamiana R. Schomb. Dry rocky thickets on uneven ground, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59392; forested south-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui' overlying sandstone, on "Cave Rock" above "Cave Camp," alt. m., 59507. Stenopadus condensatus (Baker) Blake. Dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau portion of southeast-facing slopes of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1600 m., 59676; dry sandy rocky thickets along stream, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanaye'n northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, alt. 1220 m., 59355. Stenopadus Connellii (N.E.Br.) Blake. On densely forested, steep, south-facing slopes overlying sand- stone, between "Gave Rock" and base of high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2285-2405 m., 59573. Originally described from Roraima, this is the first record of the species outside of that region. 1138 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Stenopadus variabilis Blake. Brocchinia-Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder of Ptari-tepui', alt. 1800-1900 m., 59780. Originally de- scribed from Auya'n-tepui', this is the first record of the species outside of that tepui. CERRO TURUMIQUIRE AND ADJACENT ORIENTE VERNONIEAE Oliganthes vernonioides (HBK.) Mattf. south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantfn, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61603. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, between headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak, alt. 2200-2400 m., 62636. This species has apparently not been recorded for Venezuela since the original collection by Humboldt & Bonpland "juxta Caripe et El Purgatorio," located in the state of Sucre, Venezuela. In the original description (Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. 4: 47. 1820) the achenes are said to be glabrous. However, an examination of a frag- ment of part of the type of Oliganthes triflora Sch. Bip., not Cass. = 0. vernonioides (HBK.) Mattf. (see Mattfeld, J. in Notizblatt 12: 687—688. 1935), shows the achenes to be sparsely hirtellous at the apex and glabrate below. The two above-cited collections made by the writer have achenes which are sparsely hirtellous, but more so near the apex, and in all other details match the description of Pollalesta vernonioides HBK. (= Oligosanthes vernonioides [HBK^ Mattf.). The Sucre collection was obtained near the type locality of Pollalesta vernonioides, but from a higher elevation. The Anzoategui collection was common on the mountain at the elevation noted to the summit of the mountain in the cloud forest. Piptocarpha Spruce! Baker. ANZO/TEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neveri, between Rib Leo'n and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantiin, alt. 800-1200 m., 61352. Vernacular name: "bejuco bianco." This collection was cited by Badillo (Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 281. 1946) as Oliganthes Sprucei Baker. Obviously, this was intended by Badillo as Piptocarpha Sprucei Baker, as this col- lection is actually congeneric with Piptocarpha rather than Oligosanthes. The leaves of P. Sprucei are described by Baker (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 2: 129. 1873) as "rigide subcoriaceis" and "2-2lA poll, latis." BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1139 The above-cited Steyermark collection has membranaceous leaves which are only 2.5-4.5 cm. wide. It is doubtful. whether it is con- specific with the Spruce 4362 collection from Peru, although it matches -the second collection cited by Baker in his original descrip- tion (Fendler 1957 from "Columbia ad Tovar"), actually Colonia Tovar. The Cordillera de la Costa of Colonia Tovar and of the state of Anzoategui (where Steyermark 61352 was collected) have many species in common, and it is believed that the Steyermark and Fendler collections are conspecific. Vernonia Salzmanni DC. V. argyropappa Buck, is a synonym of this species. ANZOA'TEGU!: in conuco on Cerro Peonia (Cerro Coroy), above "Carmelita," between Rio Leon and Bergantin, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 1000-1450 m., 61401. This species has not been recorded previ- ously from Venezuela. EUPATORIEAE Adenostemma Lavenia (L.) Ktze. !: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neven, between Rio Leo'n and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 61375. This species has not been re- ported previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Ageratiim latifolium Cav. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 ra., 61835. Eupatorium ibaguense Hieron. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61830. Previously recorded in Venezuela from the Andes and Cordillera de la Costa east to the vicinity of Caracas. Eupatorium iresinoides HBK. MONAGAS: open rocky limestone slopes, summit of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1300 m., 61924. Not previously reported in Venezuela east of the state of Miranda. Eupatorium kleinioides HBK. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62277. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62384. The above collections are apparently the second and third ones made in Venezuela since the original collection of Humboldt and 1140 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Bonpland obtained from the vicinity of Cocollar in the state of Sucre. Steyermark 62384 is a topotype. Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61834. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62476. Eupatorium squalidum DC. var. subvelutinum (DC.) Baker. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Ri'o Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62396. This is apparently the first record for Venezuela. Eupatorium Steetzii Rob. ANZOA'TEGU!: among shrubby dwarfed growth along knife-edge crest of ridge leading to summit, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2000-2300 m., 61662. Not previously recorded from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Eupatorium Vargasianum DC. MONAGAS: meadowy slopes between La Sabana de Las Piedras and Cerro Negro, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1200-1500 m., 61829. Not previously recorded in Venezuela east of the vicinity of Caracas. By Robinson (Contr. Gray Herb. 54, no. 55: 337. 1918) this species is keyed out as having acute scales. It is also described by him (ibid. p. 289) as having smooth scales dorsal ly. De Candolle also describes the scales as acute and dorsally glabrous. However, the above-cited Steyermark collection has the scales definitely pubes- cent dorsally and varying from acutish to rounded, while Steyermark 56689 from the state of Merida has the scales definitely obtuse or rounded and sparsely puberulous dorsally. Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd. ANZOXTEGUI: headwaters of Rio Maravilla, slopes of Fila Grande, between Los Chorros and Cerro Negro, east of Bergantin, alt. 900- 1400 m., 61712. MONAGAS: thickets at base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100-1200 m., 67898. Vernacular name of the Anzoa- tegui collection: "guaco." Mikania Hookeriana DC. var. platyphylla (DC.) Rob. ANZOXTEGUI: along forested slopes of headwaters of tributaries of Rio Neveri, between Ri'o Leo'n and "Carmelita," northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1200 m., 67369. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62033. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1141 These specimens would have been originally referred to M. vitraea Rob., a species based upon a specimen collected by Fendler (no. 2349) from Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua, Venezuela. But, as later pointed out by Robinson, this species must be reduced to synonymy under var. platyphylla of M. Hookeriana. The above-cited collections, together with Steyermark 57027 (east of El Junquito, Distrito Federal) collected near the type locality of M. vitraea, necessitate a modifica- tion of the original measurements published for this species by Robin- son (Contr. Gray Herb. 61: 22. 1920) to the following: petioles 2-5 cm. long; leaf blades 10-18 cm. long, up to 14 cm. wide; achenes glabrous. The apex of the leaves may vary, on the same plant, as in Steyermark 57027 and 62033 from acuminate to obtuse or rounded. Trichogonia rhadinocarpa Rob. SUCRE: rocky upland chaparral and savanna in valley of Cocollar, alt. 820 m., 62379. Not previously recorded in Venezuela from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Vernacular name: "San Francisco" or "quiebra quiebra. " The plant is used locally as a remedy for fevers; it has a very bitter quality. Baccharis trinervis (Lam.) Pers. ANZoXxEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 61252. Vernacular name: "canaciche." Erigeron Karvinskyanus DC. MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agusti'n, alt. 900-950 m., 61787. So far as known, this is the first record in Venezuela for the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Conyza lyrata HBK. SUCRE: hot springs near La To ma_, between San Juan and Cumana', southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m. , 62861. This species was not re- corded in the Catalog© de la Flora Venezuelana. It is apparently the first report from Venezuela. INULEAE Achyrocline satureioides (Lara.) DC. ANZO/TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 62588. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62093; vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Guacharo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62277. SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62609. 1142 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 This species is found in the Oriente on the upper portions of various cerros in exposed situations, generally between 1700=2500 meters. Achyrocline Vargasiana DC. MONAGAS: vicinity of La Cuchilla, between Guanaguana and Gua'charo, alt. 1200-1480 m., 62276. This collection was found near the preceding species (no. 62277). Both entities often are found together, and as has been suggested in the section under Ptari-tepui, this taxon is probably better treated as a variety of A. satureioides. Gnaphalium elegans HBK. MONAGAS: rocky open slopes between Caripe and San Agustin, alt. 900-950 m., 61784. The present collection represents the first in the Oriente section of Venezuela. Pluchea purpurascens (Sw.) DC. P. amorifera Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezol. Cienc. Nat. 10: 309. 1946. SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cum ana' southeast of Cumana' alt. 60 m., 62860. The plant is reputed to possess properties believed by some to be effective in increasing virility. This collection was used by Badillo as the basis of his description of P. amorifera. Dr. R. K. Godfrey, who has monographed this genus recently, has found it to be synonymous with P. purpurascens (Sw.) DC. Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61943. This is apparently the only record for the species in the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. HELIANTHEAE-VERBESININAE Oyedaea maculata Blake. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, common on north-facing slopes near summit of eastern peak, alt. 2200-2500 m., 62575. This species was described by Blake (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 224. 1926) from a specimen collected by Dr. G. H. H. Tate from Cerro de Turumiquire. Through the courtesy of Dr. A. C. Smith of the United States National Museum I have been permitted to examine the type specimen (Tate 232). Steyermark 62575, cited above, is a topo- type, but differs in several respects from O. maculata. The leaves of BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1143 the Steyermark specimen are conspicuously rugose-reticulate on both sides and are acute at the base, the rays are broader, measuring 8-8.5 mm. instead of 5 mm. wide, the disk corollas are much longer, meas- uring 9-10 mm. instead of 7 mm. long, and are slightly strigillose on the limb, the disk achenes are much longer, attaining a length of 8 mm., whereas they are described as being 4.5 mm. long, and the squamellae are longer, measuring 1-2.2 mm. long. Although Blake describes the base of the leaf blades as "rounded," some of them could be considered as subacute, and in the Steyermark collection they are obviously acute. Perhaps, due to differences in drying or pressing, the Tate speci- men does not show the pronounced prominulous rugose reticulation of the leaves as is manifested in the Steyermark collection. Perhaps the Tate specimen is not as mature, for the disk corollas in the Steyermark collection are much longer and the mature achenes are almost twice as long as in the Tate collection. Since both collections were obtained near the summit of Cerro Turumiquire, the Steyermark collection being recorded from 2360-2500 meters and the Tate collection from 9750 feet, it is probable that both are conspecific, since they are similar in most other respects except as for the differences noted above. Until more collections have been made, it seems wiser to refer this Steyermark collection from the type locality of 0. maculata to that species. Simsia grisea Blake. MONAGAS: rocky edge of slopes, Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62345. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rio Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along highway between Cumana- coa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62424. Wedelia caracasana DC. SUCRE: rocky limestone steep slopes along heads of barranco along headwaters of Rib Manzanares (Rio de la Cuesta), along high- way between Cumanacoa and Cocollar, alt. 780-810 m., 62397; south- ern slopes of Cerro Imposible, between Cedeno and Boca del Tataricual, along Quebrada Imposible, alt. 140-220 m., 62836. Vernacular name: "engorda macho." HELIANTHEAE-COREOPSIDINAE Bidens andicola HBK. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m. , 62576. This species has not been previously reported from the Oriente section of Venezuela. Dr. Earl E. Sherff identified the present collection. 1144 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Bidens squarrosa HBK. ANZO/TEGUI: forested slopes, Ijigua, headwaters of Rio Leo'n, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 600-800 m., 67256. MONAGAS: along Quebrada Colorado Grande, forested slopes of mountain on property of Juan Morocoima, southwest of Caripe, alt. 850-1350 m., 61944. The Anzoategui collection was given the vernacular name of "pega- pega," and the roots of the plant are used as a remedy for treating fevers. The roots are cooked and an infusion in water drunk for treatment. This species has not been reported previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. Dr. Earl E. Sherff has determined these collections. Bidens triplinervia HBK. var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff. MONAGAS: among rock exposures, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 2000 m., 62072. This is a considerable extension eastward of the range of this species in Venezuela, where it has previously been collected and reported from the Andean portion of the country. Dr. Earl E. Sherff has determined this collection. Cosmos caudatus HBK. MONAGAS: Montana de Aguacate, along Quebrada de Pajarral, tributary to Rio Caripe, northeast of Alto de Aguacate, between Caripe and Caripito, alt. 600-900 m., 62171. This species has not been reported previously from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Dr. Earl E. Sherff has determined this collection. HELIANTHEAE-GALINSOGINAE Calea caracasana (HBK.) O. Kuntze. ANZOXTEGUI: steep forested slopes above headwaters of Que- brada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, between Bergantin and Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1700 m.^ 61553. MONAGAS: brushy open slopes of Cerro de la Cueva de Dona Anita, south of and border- ing valley of Caripe, alt. 900 m., 61868. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trinidad and Quebrada El Boqueron, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62445. These are apparent- ly the first records of this species from the Oriente section of the Cordillera de la Costa. Liabum megacephalum Sch. Bip. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes between La Trini- dad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 m., 62505. The present collection is an eastward extension of range of the species, previ- BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1145 ously known in Venezuela in the Andean section eastward to the vicinity of Caracas. Neorolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. MONAGAS: El Paramo, northeast of Las Delicias, northeast of Caripe, alt. 1200-1450 m., 62028. Vernacular name: "malva pica." This species has not been reported previously from the Oriente section of Venezuela. Senecio Badilloi Cuatr. S. laetivirens Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 317. 1946, not Phillipi, 1894. ANZOA'TEGUI: south-facing steep slopes, on rocky exposed shrubby portion of knife-edge ridge above tree zone, Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cru£, headwaters of Rio Mananti- ales, east of Bergantin, alt. 1800-2000 m., 61607. MUTISIEAE Chuquiragua vepreculata . Don. ANZOATEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61092; forested rocky slopes along Rio Querecual, southwest of Bergantin, alt. 500 m., 61489. These are the only collections known outside of the type collection made in the vicinity of Caracas. Trixis divaricata (HBK.) Spreng ANZOA'TEGUI: dryish forested slopes, Cerro La Danta, bordering tributary of Rio Leon, northeast of Bergantin, alt. 800-1100 m., 61117. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing slopes at base of Boqueron bluff, southwest of Cocollar, alt. 1700-1840 m., 62470. The Anzoa- tegui collection was given the vernacular name of "malva de raonte." CICHORIEAE Hieracium Avilae HBK. ANZO/TEGUI: rocky open slopes on wooded summit of Cerro Peom'a (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 2350 m., 61692. MONAGAS: Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62073. SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, on ridge top between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1840 m., 62565. This species has not been reported previously from the Oriente section of Venezuela. There does not seem to be any real difference by which H. tovarense Fries, the type of which came from the same general region (Colonia Tovar de Aragua) as that of H. Avilae (Silla de Caracas), can be separated from H. Avilae. 1146 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 ANDES AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS VERNONIEAE Vernonia Lehmanni Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19: 44. 1894. V. larensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 10: 285. 1946. LARA: upper limit of dwarf woods between Las Sabanetas and ridge top by Lara-Trujillo boundary line, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55358. M^RIDA: rich wooded slopes along^quebrada of Cuesta del Barro and Mesa del Trapiche, tributary to Rio Capuri, between Canagua and El Molino, alt. 2530-2715 m., 56477. The vernacular name for the Lara collection was given as "violeta." These two collections formed the basis for Badillo's description of Vernonia larensis. However, a close study and comparison between these collections and V. Lehmanni reveals no striking or essential differences, and Badillo's species must, therefore, be considered synonymous. The long acuminate, revolute leaves, which are strongly reticulate-nerved, are characteristic of both V. larensis and V. Lehmanni. The ovate-lanceolate leaves of V. larensis are well matched by Killip & Smith 18852 from eastern Colombia. Moreover, in floral details I can find no differences between the species. The leaf blades in V. Lehmanni vary from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or broadly elliptic, while the pubescence of the stems varies from lightly puberulous to more densely tomentulose. The closely related V. frangulae folia HBK. differs from V. Lehmanni in the leaf blades, which are more densely canescent on the lower surface, less pointed at the apex, less strongly reticulate nerves, and in the more tomentose involucral bracts. Vernonia paradoxa Sch. Bip. Piptocarpha venezuelensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 10: 280. 1946. LARAr bordering wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55283. Vernacular name: "negrito." The wood of this small tree is considered to be of sufficient strength to be useful. This is the type collection upon which Badillo based his Pipto- carpha venezuelensis. A comparison between this collection and the type of Vernonia paradoxa, based upon Linden 1453 from the state of Trujillo, shows them to be conspecific. EUPATORIEAE Fupatorium acuminatum HBK. T/CHIRA: between Tabor and Villapaez, along Rio Ta'chira, by BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1147 Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1820-2130 m., 57425. This is the only Venezuelan record of this species. Eupatorium Steetzii Rob. TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below paramo and ridge top, by boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55354. Vernacular name: "estoraque." This is the only collection known from the Andes of Venezuela, the other records all coming from the Cordillera de la Costa. Eupatorium tinifolium HBK. f TACHIRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57227. The above collection is the first record of the species from Vene- zuela. It is known elsewhere only from Colombia* Robinson keys out this species with heads " 20-2 5-f lowered," but the present collection has heads which are "13-1 5- flowered." Mikania Houstoniana (L.) Rob. MliRIDA: rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, above La Azulita, alt. 1375-1920 m., 56113. This collection is the only record thus far known of the species in Venezuela. ASTEREAE Baccharis prunifolia HBK. TRUJILLO: pa'ramo and dwarf woods on top of ridge by Lara- Trujillo boundary line, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2835 m., 55317. LARA: dry paramo, Paramo de las Rosas, above Buenos Aires, alt. 3290 m., 55486. M^RIDA: Quebrada de Saisay, Gehriger 42. The above collections were at first thought to represent an un- described species, but comparison with a fragment of the type of B. prunifolia collected by Bonpland and preserved in the Herb. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris and a photograph of the type in the Willdenow Herb, of the Berlin Bot. Mus. shows they are all conspecific. The spatu- late obtuse pappus of the staminate florets is the same in the heads examined, and the small triplinerved leaves are characteristic. In the original description the number of florets in the pistillate heads are described as "circiter 250" and the staminate plant was unknown. Actually, in a study of the Venezuelan plants referred to above, there are 37 florets in the pistillate heads. Moreover, the fragment of the Bonpland collection referred to above is from a staminate plant, so it is difficult to understand why the staminate plant was not originally described. 1148 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 The vernacular name for no. 55317 is "savanirillo" and for no. 55486 "frailejoncito," the leaves of the latter reputed to be effective for the relief of headache. Baccharis tricuneata (L.f.) Pers. B. microphylla HBK. is a synonym of this species. Steyermark 55873 from the state of Me'rida and 57095 from the state of Ta'chira sis to be referred to this species. It is probable that B. mucuchiesen- sis Hier., based upon Moritz 1412 from the PaVamode Mucuchies, is to be included here as a synonym. Baccharis venulosa DC. ME'RIDAr between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, alt. 1490-3210 m., 55746. Baccharis venulosa Rusby is synonymous with this species. Diplostephium rosmarinifolium (Benth.) Wedd. TACHIRAr rich moist woods at base of Paramo de Tama, 4-10 kms. above Betania, alt. 2500-2895 m., 57357. A Colombian species, not previously recorded from Venezuela. This specimen was determined by Dr. Jose'Cuatrecasas. Diplostephium venezuelense Cuatr. T/CHFRA: along narrow wooded quebrada, Paramo de la Negra, between Bailadores and La Grita, alt. 2745-2045 m., 57087. This species has been known previously only from the type collected in the state of Merida by Gehriger. INULEAE Achyrocline Lehmanni Hier. LARA: Pa'ramo de las Rosas, above Buenos Aires, alt. 3290 m., 55478. This Colombian species has not been previously reported from Venezuela. Gnaphalium paramorum Blake. ^To this species should be referred Steyermark 56290 from the Paramo de Pozo Negro, between San Jose and Beguilla^ state of Merida, and Steyermark 57392 from the Paramo de Tama, state of Tachira. The original description calls for stems 6-17 cm. high, but Pennell 2044 from Paramo de Cruz Verde, near Bogota', Dept. Cundinamarca, Colombia, and Steyermark 56290, cited above, have stems only 1-2 cm. high. The latter collection is apparently one in which the flower- stalks are just beginning to elongate and the young heads are tipped with pink, the young involucral bracts not showing brown in the lower half as in typical G. paramorum. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1149 HELIANTHEAE-MELAMPODINAE Espeletia brassicoidea var. contracta Cuatr. TXCHIRA: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57361. This is the first record for the species or variety in Venezuela. HELIANTHEAE-VERBESININAE Isocarpha glabrata Blake. ARAGUA: sandy dry soil along seashore at Ocumare de la Costa, alt. 0-15 m., 54939. This species originally described from Cuba, has not been recorded previously from Venezuela. Otopappus simplex Badillo. TRUJILLO:: between Llanos de Monay and La Cuchilla, on rocky wooded slopes along tributary to Rio Carache, alt. 760-915 m., 56797; near La Cuchilla, Badillo 479. Oyedaea obovata Blake. LARA: dry rocky slopes along canyon below Los Aposentos, between Las Sabanetas and Buenos Aires, alt. 1675-2430 m., 55422. Originally collected by Linden in 1843 from the state of Trujillo, the present collection is the second one to be made since the type. The description may be emended as follows: leaf blades up to 10.5 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide; squamellae crown up to 1.5 mm. long; the 2 awns up to 4.2 mm. long. Simsia pubescens Triana. ME* RID A:: along Rio Mucuties, between Estanques and Santa Cruz de Mora, alt. 300 m. , 57062. This species, known otherwise from Colombia, has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Verbesina laevifolia Blake. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55608. Blake described this species (Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 540. 1925) as having leaves 6.5-11.5 cm. long and 2-3.8 cm. wide. The above- cited Steyermark collection from the type locality in Venezuela has leaves up to 35 cm. long and up to 8.5 cm. wide, but otherwise possesses all the other characteristics common to the species, such as the various proportions and length of parts of the corolla, length of awns, etc. Verbesina laevifolia supposedly can be separated from V. acuminata DC. chiefly on the basis of the different proportions of len^h of teeth to throat in the corollas, and in the glabrity of the lower leaf surface in V. laevifolia. The large leaves in V. acuminata are given importance by Blake in his comparison of that species with 1150 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 V. simulans Blake. However, considering the fact that both V. acuminata and V. laevifolia were described from approximately the same type locality (vicinity of Caracas in the Cordillera del Avila) and that an examination of a photograph of the type of V. acuminata in the herbarium of the Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus. shows it to have leaves similar to those of large leaf specimens of V. laevifolia (Steyermark 55608), it would not be surprising if, in the final analysis, V. laevi- folia and V. acuminata were shown to be conspecific. If this were true, V. acuminata DC. would become the proper name of the species. However, in view of the differences set forth by Blake in the relative proportions of the parts of the corolla (teeth, throat, and tube) setting apart V. acuminata and V. laevifolia, the two species should be main- tained as distinct, pending study of future additional material. HELIANTHEAE-GALINSOGINAE Calea Berteriana DC. BOLfvAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, alt. 500 m., 57525. .Not previously reported from this section of Venezuela. Calea subcordata Blake. TACHIRAr between Las Delicias and Paraguita, bordering Rio Tachira, along Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 1575-1980 m., 57135. Originally described from Colombia, the present collection is the first record from Venezuela. It was obtained from the same general area and at about the same altitude as were the Colombian collections. The Venezuelan collection has mature achenes, measuring 5 mm. long, whereas the immature achenes (as described by Blake) are only 2.5-3 mm. long. HELENIEAE Pcctis prostrata Cav. TRUJILLO: low flat grassy places, Llanos de Monay, alt. 610 m., 56782. This species has not been reported from the western section of Venezuela. SENECIONIDEAE Liabum asclepiadeum Sch. Bip. ^MERIDA: between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and Rio Capaz, alt. 975 m., 56151. Not previously reported from the Andes of Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1151 Liabum volubile (HRK.) Less. L. meridense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 10: 314. 1946. MliRIDA: rich woods between La Azulita and La Carbonera, alt. 1280-2378 m., 56056. Liabum meridense does not appear to be distinct from L. boyacense Cuatr., L. biattenuatum Rusby, or L. volubile (HBK.) Less. It would seem that the differences ascribed to the various taxa mentioned above can be considered as variations of one species, of which the oldest name apparently is L. volubile. All these taxa have the upper leaf surface glabrous and the heads are variously pedicellate. Slight variations in leaf shape and induraent of the involucre do not appear to be constant and it is questionable whether L. volubile actually can be separated from L. sessiliflorum (HBK.) Less, on the basis of the pedunculate heads, since the relative length of the peduncle may be a variable character, and may be found in various stages of development. However, for the present, I am considering L. volubile as distinct from L. sessiliflorum. From its description, L. mikanioides Blake would appear to have distinctive characters of pubescence not found in the other species mentioned. Senecio andicola Turcz. (Sect. Granata). MliRIDA: Laguna Mucubaji', above Los Apartaderos, alt. 3625-2655 m., 57500. This species has not been reported previously from Vene- zuela. It ranges southward in the Andes. Senecio colombianus Cuatr. (Sect. Granata). S. pavonicus Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat. 10: 318. 1946. TACHIRA:: limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian- Venezuelan boundary, alt. 3045-3475 m., 57379. This Colombian species has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Senecio Ellsworthii Cuatr. Fieldiana 27, no. 2: 25. 1951. MliRIDA: along dry canyon slopes below El Bado, between Mucu- chachi'and Canagua, alt. 1560 m., 56332. This is an unusual Colom- bian species, here reported for the first time in Venezuela. Dr. Cuatrecasas has referred the present collection to forma puberula Cuatr. Senecio ledifolins (HBK.) DC. var. Schlimii Wedd. (Sect. Ledifolium). TA'CHIRA: swampy meadow in Paramito between Quebrada de Palmar and Quebrada de Paramito, at base of Paramo de Tama, 2 kms. above Betania and 7 kms. above Villapaez, alt. 2500 m., 57226. Not previously reported from Venezuela. 1152 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Senecto theaefolius Benth. (Sect. Triana). TRUJILLO: La Quebrada Cortijo, in dense woods below paramo and ridge top, by Lara-Trujillo boundary line, above Huraocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m., 55342. Not previously reported from Venezuela. Dr. Cuatrecasas has referred the present collection to forma setulosus (Klatt) Cuatr. MUTISIEAE Jungia coarctata Hieron. LARA: upper limit of dwarf woods between Las Sabanetas and ridge top of boundary line Lara-Trujillo, above Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2600-2800 m. , 55369. Vernacular name: "hoja de luna." This collection has been identified by Dr. Cuatrecasas. It was originally thought by the present author to be a form of /. bogotensis with slightly larger leaf blades and longer petioles. Jungia coarctata is an Andean species which has not been reported previously from Venezuela. Gongylolepis colombiana (Cuatr.) Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 51. 1950. MERIDA: along headwaters of Rib Canagua' at Pib Arriba, south- west of Canagua', alt. 1800-1890 m. , 56445; dwarf woods below paramo above San Isidro Alto, alt. 1820 m., 56561. As shown by Dr. Cuatrecasas, material from the Colombian and Venezuelan Andes (John 91 from the state of Tachira) had been pEviously referred to G. Benth am iana R. Schomb., a species of the Venezuelan Guyana in southeastern Venezuela. It is now apparent that the Andean material should all be referred to G. colombiana. Lycoseris latifolia (Don) Benth. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, dry south-facing slopes above Caracas, between Colegio Nacional de Enfermera and Los Venados, alt. 1065-1520 m., 55187. L. intermedia DC. is synonymous with this species. Chaptalia integrifolia (Less.) Baker. BOLIVAR: rocky savanna slopes between Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Carom' alt. 100 m., 57583. Not previously reported from Venezuela. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1153 NOVELTIES COLLECTED BY JULIAN A. STEYERMARK IN VENEZUELA The following list designates the taxon, reference citation, and general locality of all the novelties encountered by the author from the collections which he made in Venezuela between December, 1943 and June, 1945:* MUSCI Campylopus bolivarensis Bartr., Fieldiana 28: 4. 1951. Roraima. Didymodon angustifolius Bartr. , Fieldiana 28: 4. 1951. Oriente. Meteriopsis reraotifolia var. robusta Bartr. , Fieldiana 28: 5. 1951. Oriente. Hookeriopsis Steyermarkii Bartr., Fieldiana 28: 5. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Hookeriopsis ptari-tepuiensis Bartr., Fieldiana 28: 5. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Lepidopilum Steyermarkii Bartr., Fieldiana 28: 6, 1951. Andes of Me'rida. PTERIDOPHYTA Cyathea purpurea Morton, Fieldiana 28: 7. 1951. Duida. Alsophila demissa Morton, Fieldiana 28: 7. 1951. Duida. Hemitelia dissimilis Morton, Fieldiana 28: 8. 1951. Ptari-tepuiT. Hemitelia minima Morton, Fieldiana 28: 9. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Hemitelia amabilis Morton, Fieldiana 28: 10. 1951. Oriente (Monagas). Thelypteris pilosissima Morton, Fieldiana 28: 11. 1951 (mispelled pilossissifna) . Roraima. Polybotrya crassa Morton, Fieldiana 28: 13. 1951. Oriente (Monagas). Paesia acclivis var. polystichoides Morton, Fieldiana 28: 13. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. PODOCARPACEAE Podocarpus montanus var. meridensis Buchholz & Gray, Jour. Am. Arb. 29: 71. 1948. Andes of Me'rida. Podocarpus Steyermarkii Buchholz & Gray, loc. cit. 29: 133. pi. 3, fig. 3. Ptari-tepui\ Podocarpus magnifolius Buchholz & Gray, loc. cit. 29: 133. Ptari- tepui. Podocarpus tepuifolius Buchholz & Gray, loc. cit. 29: 134. Ptari- tepui'. Podocarpus pendulifolius Buchholz & Gray, loc. cit. 29: 138. Andes of Tachira. Podocarpus oleifolius var. trujillensis Buchholz & Gray, loc. cit. 29: 141. Andes of Trujillo. * 32 species of this total were collected by other than Steyermark. 1154 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 GRAMINEAE Thrasya setosa Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 17. 1951. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Eragrostis fragilis Swallen, loc. cit. 18. Roraima. Digitaria glabriculmis Swallen, loc. cit. 18. Roraima. Axonopus erectus Swallen, loc. cit. 19. Roraima. Axonopus Steyermarkii Swallen, loc. cit. 20. Duida. Axonopus anomalus Swallen, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 296: 268. 1948. Yaracuy. Axonopus villosus Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 21. 1951. Duida. Paspalum aureolatum Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 22. fig. 1. 1951. Duida. Paspalum erectifolium Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 22. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Paspalum piligerum Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 24. fig. 2. 1951. Roraima. Panicum densifolium Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 25. 1951. Duida. Panicum pilatum Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 26. 1951. Oriente (Turumi- quire). Panicum vinaceum Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 27. 1951. Roraima. Ichnanthus acuminatus Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 28. 1951. Roraima. Ichnanthus duidensis Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 28. 1951. Duida. Ichnanthus longifolius Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 29. 1951. Duida. Ichnanthus serratus Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 30. 1951. Duida. Cortaderia parviflora Swallen, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29°: 253. 1948. Andes of Me'rida. Poa petrosa Swallen, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 296: 256. 1948. Andes of Me'rida. Trisetum foliosum Swallen, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29°: 256. 1948. Andes of Me'rida. Calamagrostis scabriflora Swallen, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 296: 1948. Andes of Tachira. Myriocladus Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 34. 1951. Myriocladus virgatus Swallen, Fieldiana 28: 34. 1951. fig. 4. Duida. Arthrostylidium Steyermarkii McClure, Fieldiana 28: 31. fig. 3. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. C YPERACEAE Bulbostylis Svensoniana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 37. /ig. 5a. 1951. Bolivar (Upata) . Fimbristylis tamaensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 39. /ig. 5, 6-c. Andes of Ta'chira. Rhynchospora bolivarana Steyermark, loc. cit. 40. /ig. 5, j~k> Ptari-tepui. Rhynchospora culmenicola Steyermark, loc. cit. 41. /ig. 6, 6. Oriente. Rhynchospora duidae Steyermark, loc. cit. 43. Duida. Rhynchospora karuaiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 43. /ig, 5, i. Ptari- tepui'. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1155 Rhynchospora paramora Steyermark, loc. cit. 44, /ig. 6, c. Andes of Me'rida. Rhynchospora ptari tepuiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 45, fig. 6, a. Ptari-tepui'. Rhynchospora sanariapensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 46. /ig. 5, e-f. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo) . Rhynchospora sororopana Steyermark, loc. cit. 46. Sororopan-tepui. Rhynchospora tamana Steyermark, loc. cit. 47, /ig. 6, d. Andes of Tachira. Rhynchospora tepuiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 48. /ig. 5, g. Roraima. Rhynchospora tomentosa Steyermark, loc. cit. 49. fig. 6, e-h. Andes of Tachira. Rhynchospora Trichochaeta var. venezuelensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 49. /ig. 5, h. Bolivar (between Ciudad Bolivar and Rio Caroni). Cladium cos ta turn Steyermark, loc. cit. 50. Sororopa'n-tepui. Hypolytrum tepuianum Steyermark, loc. cit. 51. /ig. 6, i-l. Ptari- tepuf. Scleria tepuiensis Core, Fieldiana 28: 52. 1951. Duida. Exochogyne amazonica var. esmeraldensis Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 53. 1951. Duida. Exochogyne Steyermarkii Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 53. 1951. Duida. Cephalocarpus Steyermarkii Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 54. 1951. Ptari- tepu^. Everardia montana var. pilosa Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 54. 1951. Duida. Everardia ptariensis Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 55. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Everardia Steyermarkii Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 55, 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Lagenocarpus bifidus Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 56. 1951. Roraima. Lagenocarpus diffusus Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 56. 1951. Duida. Lagenocarpus glomerulatus Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 57. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Lagenocarpus sabanensis Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 57. 1951. Duida. Lagenocarpus Steyermarkii Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 58. 1951. Ptari- Pseudoeverardia Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 59. 1951. Pseudoeverardia flexifolia (Gilly) Gilly, Fieldiana 28: 59, 1951. Duida. Uncinia meridensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 61. 1951. /ig. /,• k-m. Andes of Me'rida. Vesicarex Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 63. 1951. Vesicarex collumanthus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 63. /ig. 8, a-/. 1951. Andes of Me'rida. Carex culmenicola Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 65. /ig. 7, d-g. 1951. Oriente (Turumiquire ) . Carex larensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 66. /ig. 8, g-h. 1951. Andes of Lara. Carex roraimensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 67. /ig. 7, a-c. 1951. Roraima . Carex tachirensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 68. /ig. 8, i-m. 1951. Andes of Ta'chira. 1156 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Carex tamana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 70. 1951. Andes of Ta'chira. Carex turumiquirensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 70. fig. 7, h-j. 1951. Oriente (Turumi quire). Oreobolus venezuelensis Steyermark, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 11, no. 74: 308. figs. 1-2. 1949. Andes of Ta'chira. PALMAE Roystonea Venezuelans Bailey & Moore, Gent. Herb. 8: 124. fig. 31. 1949. Oriente (Monagas). Bactris bergantina Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 71. 1951. Oriente (Anzoategui). Bactris duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 73. fig. 9. 1951. Duida. Bactris Kamarupa Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 75. 1951. Ptari-tepui^ Bactris ptariana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 77. 1951. fig. 10. Ptari- tepui. Bactris sororopanae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 78. 1951. Sororopan- tepui'. Bactris venezuelensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 80. 1951. Duida. Dahlgrenia Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 82. 1951. Dahlgrenia ptariana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 82. 1951. fig. 11. Ptari-tepui'. Desmoncus duidensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 85. 1951. Duida. Desmoncus multijugus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 85. 1951. Bolivar (Tumeremo) . Euterpe ptariana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 87. 1951. Ptari-tepuf. Geonoma karuaiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 88. 1951. Sororopan- tepui . Hyospathe maculata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 89. 1951. Ptari-tepul'. Mauritia flexuosa var. venezuelana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 90. 1951. Bolivar (between Ciudad Boli'var and R/o Caronf). Socratea albolineata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 91. 1951. Ptari-tepuf. ARACEAE Anthurium duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 92. 1951. Duida. Anthurium Krauseanum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 93. 1951. Ptari-tepui, Anthurium monsterioides Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 93. 1951. Andes of Me'rida. Anthurium ptarianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 94. fig. 12. 1951. Ptari-tepu/. Philodendron duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 96, /ig. 13. 1951. Duida. Phi lodendron Englereanum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 68. 1951. Ptari- tepu^. Philodendron Krauseanum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 98. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Philodendron ptarianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 99. 1951. Ptari- tepui. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1157 *Philonotion Williamsii Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 99. fig- lb. 1951. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Yavita). Spathicarpa duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 101. 1951. Duida. Stenospermatium Pittieri Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 101. 1951. Andes of Tsfchira. Urospatha savannarum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 102. fig- 15. 1951. Duida. I XYRIDACEAE Abolboda macrostachya var. robustior Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 104. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Abolboda ptaritepuiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 104. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Abolboda Gleasoniana Steyermark, nom. nov. Abolboda rigida (Malme) Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 105. 1951, not A. rigida Gleason, Bull. Torr. Club 56: 16. 1929. A. grandis var, rigida Malme, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 326. 1931. Xyris albescens Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 105. fig- 16, a-b. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Xyris capillaris Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 107. 1951. Duida. Xyris culmenicola Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 108. 1951. Duida. Xyris esmeraldae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 109. 1951. Duida. Xyris lanulobractea Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 109. /ig. 16, d-h. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Xyris ptariana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 110. fig. 16, i-j. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Xyris scabridula Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 111. 1951. Duida. Xyris setigera var. elongate Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 112. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Xyris stenostachya Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 113. 1951. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo) . ERIOCAULACEAE Carptotepala Moldenke, Fieldiana 28: 114. 1951. Carptotepala insolita Moldenke, Fieldiana 28: 114. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Eriocaulon dimorphopetalum Moldenke, loc. cit. 116. Roraima. Eriocaulon Steyermarkii Moldenke, loc. cit. 117. Roraima. Leiothrix Steyermarkii Moldenke, loc. cit. 118. Ptari-tepui^. Leiothrix umbratilis Moldenke, loc. cit. 119. Ptari-tepu/. Paepalanthus perplexans Moldenke, loc. cit. 120. Ptari-tepuiT. Paepalanthus roraimensis Moldenke, loc. cit. 121. Roraima. Paepalanthus scopulorum Moldenke , loc. cit. 122. Ptari-tepuf. Paepalanthus squamiliferus Moldenke, loc. cit. 124. Ptari-tepui'. 1158 FIEL DIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Paepalanthus Steyermarkii Moldenke, loc. cit. 125. Ptari-tepui'. Paepalanthus subsessilis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 232. 1947. Andes of Lara. Rondonanthus micropetalus Moldenke, loc. cit. 126. Roraima. Syngonanthus duidae Moldenke, loc. cit. 127. Duida. Syngonanthus Steyermarkii Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 418. 1948. Andes of Tachira. Syngonanthus venezuelensis Moldenke, loc. cit. 128. Ptari-tepui. RAPATEACEAE Rapatea Steyermarkii Maguire, Fieldiana 28: 130. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Stegolepis Gleasoniana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 130. fig. 17, c-e. 1951. Duida. Stegolepis parvipetala Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 133. fig. 17, f-g. 1951. Ptari-'tepui. Stegolepis ptaritepuiensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 133. fig. 17, a-b. 1951. Ptari-tepui. BROMELIACEAE Brocchinia melanacra L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 135. fig. 18, a-e. 1951. Duida. Brocchinia secunda L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 135. fig- 18, f-j- 1951. Ptari-tepui. Brocchinia Steyermarkii L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 136. fig- 19, a-e. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Brocchinia vestita L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 138. fig. 19, f-k. 1951. Duida. Connellia caricifolia L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 139. fig. 20, a-b. 1951. Roraima. Connellia nutans L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 141. fig- 20, c-f. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Guzmania confinis L.B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 143. fig. 22, a-b. 1951. Andes of Tachira. Guzmania retusa L.B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 143. fig- 23, a-c. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Navia aurea L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 145. fig- 21, a-b. 1951. Duida. Navia duidae rar. *iabrior L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 145. 1951. Duida. Navia glauca L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 145. fig- 21, c-e. 1951. Duida. Navia Steyermarkii L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 146. fig. 21, f-h. 1951. Duida. Navia xyridiflora L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 146. fig-^l, i-j- 1951 Duida. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1159 Pitcairnia cinerea L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 149. fig. 23, d-f. 1951. Territorio Federal Amazon as (Puerto Ayacucho) . Pitcaimia tuberculata L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 149. fig. 22, c. 1951. Andes of Me'rida. Tillandsia lacera L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 150. fig. 22, d-f. 1951. Andes of Tachira. Tillandsia rubra var. reducta L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 151. 1951. Ptari-tepuf. Tillandsia stenoglossa L. B. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 151. fig. 23, g-h. 1951. Ptari-tepui. COMMELINACEAE Tradescantia venezuelensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 152. 1951. Ori- ente (Turumiquire). LILIACEAE Excremis coarctata f. alba Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 153. 1951. Miranda. Nietneria paniculate Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 153. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Smilax duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 154. 1951. Duida. Smilax Lasseriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 154. 1951. Sororopan- tepui . Smilax Pittieriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 155. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Smilax staminea f. obtusata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 156. 1951. > Ptari-tepui'. Tbfieldia duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 156. 1951. Duida. VELLOZIACEAE Vellozia duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 157. 1951. Duida. DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bolivarensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 158. 1951. Bolivar (Upata ) . Dioscorea Lasseriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 158. 1951. Oriente (Monagas). Dioscorea sororopana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 159. 1951. Sororopan- tepui. IRIDACEAE Orthrosanthus chimboracensis (HBK. ) J. G. Baker var. acorifolius f. albus Steyermark, Lloydia 11: 19. 1948. Andes of Trujillo. Trimezia Fosteriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 160. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. 1160 FIELHTANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 MUSACEAE Heliconia Schneeana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 161. 1951. Andes of Me'rida. MARANTACEAE *Calathea acuminata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 161. 1951. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Capihuara). Calathea duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 162. 1951. Duida. Calathea Lasseriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 163. 1951. Duida. Ischnosiphon Lasseriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 164. 1951. Ptari- tepui' - Ischnosiphon gracilis (Fudge) Koern. Monotagma duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 164. 1951. Duida. BURMANNIACEAE Burmannia sanariapoana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 165. fig. 24. 1951. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). ORCHID ACEAE Pogonia stricta C. Schweinfurth, Fieldiana 28: 167. fig- 25. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Pogonia triflora C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 169. fig. 26. 1951. Roraima. Pogonia unifoliata C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 171. fig' 27. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Prescottia carnosa C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 173. fig- 28. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Erythrodes confusa C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 174. fig. 29. 1951. Duida. Stelis dispar C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 177. fig. 30. 1951. Andes of Me'rida. Lepanthes exilis C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 178. fig. 31. 1951. Ptari-tepu/. Pleurothal lis callifera C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 180. fig. 32. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Pleurothallis exilis C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 183. fig. 33. 1951. Oriente (Monagas). Pleurothallis humilis C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 184. 1951. Ptari- tepuf. Pleurothallis Steyermarkii C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 185. fig. 34 1951. Andes of Ta'chira. Pleurothallis subtilis C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 188. fig. 35. 1951. Andes of Merida. Octomeria rhizoraatosa C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 188. fig. 36. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1161 Acineta alticola C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 192. fig. 37. 1951. Ptari-tepu/. Zygopetalum Tatei var. angus t i labium C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 194. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Maxillaria condensata C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 194. fig. 38. 1951. Ptari-tepuf. Maxillaria patula C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 197. fig. 39. 1951. Qriente (Turumiquire). Oncidium diffusum C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 199. .fig. 40. 1951. Andes of Tachira. Lockhartia latilabris C. Schweinfurth, loc. cit. 200. fig. Ul. 1951. Sororopan-tepui'. PIPERACEAE Piper Arbelaezii Trel. & Yun., var. subglabrirameum Yuncker, Fieldi- ana 28: 204. 1951. Oriente (Anzoategui). Piper bolivaranura Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 205. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Piper el-paramoense Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 205. 1951. Oriente (Monagas ) . Piper furcatipilosum Yuncker, loc. cit. 112. 1950. fig* 85. Andes, of Me'rida. Piper monaga sense Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 206. 1951. Oriente (Monagas). Piper naiguatanum Yuncker, loc. cit. 196. 1950. fig. 154. Miranda. Piper naiguatanum var. bul lati folium Yuncker, loc. cit. 196. fig. 155. 1950. Andes of Lara. Piper oparumaense Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 206. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Piper perlongivillosum Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 207. 1951. Duida. Piper pervenulosum Yuncker, loc. cit. 376. fig. 336. 1950. Andes of Merida. Piper Steyermarkii Yuncker, Fieldiana 2B: 207. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Piper subalpinum Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 208. 1951. Sororopan-tepuf. Piper tachiranum Yuncker, loc. cit. 298. fig. 263. 1950. Andes of Tachira. Piper viridistachyum Yuncker, Piperac. No. South America 1: 18. 1950. Andes of Me'rida. Peperomia choroniana var. puberulenta Yuncker, Piperac. No. South America 2: 730. 1950. Duida. Peperomia larana Yuncker, Piperac. No. South America 2: 546. fig. 476. 1950. Andes of Lara. Peperomia longirostrata Yuncker, Piperac. No. South America 2: 676. fig. 592. 1950. Roraima. Peperomia mollisoides Yuncker, Piperac. No. South America 2: 633. fig. 555. 1950. Oriente (Monagas). Peperomia Steyermarkii Yuncker, Fieldiana 28: 204. 1951. Oriente (Monagas ) . 1162 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 MORACEAE Cecropia kavanayensis Cuatr. , Fieldiana 28: 210. 1951. Ptari-tepui' Coussapoa Steyerraarkii Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 212. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Coussapoa viridifolia Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 213. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Coussapoa viridifolia var. tenuifolia Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 214. 1951. Duida. 'Coussapoa Williamsii Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 214. 1951. Duida. *Pourouma Cucura Standley & Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 211. 1951. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (Capihuara). Pourouma Steyermarkii Standley & Cuatr. , Fieldiana 28: 210. 1951. Ptari-tepui^ PROTEACEAE Euplassa venezuelana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 218. fig- 42. 1951. a-c. Ptari-tepuf. Panopsis ptariana Steyermark, Fieldiana 2?: 218. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Panopsis tepuiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 219. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Roupala minima Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 220. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Roupala sororopana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 220. 1951. Sororopa'n- tepui'. LORANTHACEAE Phoradendron karuaianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 222. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Phoradendron ptarianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 222. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Phoradendron tepuianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 223. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Phthirusa ptariana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 224. fig. 42, d-f. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. Phthirusa roraimensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 224. 1951. Roraima. SANTALACEAE Thesium tepuiense Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 225, 1951. Ptari-tepui'. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Drymaria firmula Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 227. 1951. Andes of Me'rida. Ste liana ovata f. paradoxa Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 228. 1951. Andes of Lara. Stellaria venezuelana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 229. 1951. Oriente (Turumiquire) . BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1163 RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus nubigenus f. subintegrus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 232 1951. Andes of Me'rida. MAGNOLIACEAE Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 233. 1951. Ptari- tepu/. Magnolia roraimae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 234. 1951. Roraima. WINTERACEAE Drimys brasi liensis var. ptaritepuiensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 235. 1951. Ptari-tepu^. MONIMIACEAE Mollinedia ptariensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 235. 1951. Ptari- tepui'. Mollinedia roraimensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 236. 1951. Roraima. Siparuna Pittieri Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 236. 1951. Aragua. CAPPARIDACEAE Capparis guaguaensis Steyermakr, Fieldiana 28: 238. 1951. Oriente (Sucre) . Podandrogyne cernua Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 35: 143. 1948. Andes of Merida. SARRACENIACEAE Heliamphora heterodoxa Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 239. 1951. Ptari- tepui. DROSE11ACEAE Drosera arenicola Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 243. 1952. Ptari-tepu^. Drosera sanariapoana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 243. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo) - D. cayennensis Sagot. Drosera tenella var. esmeraldae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 244. 1952. Duida. CRASSULACEAE Echeveria bicolor var. turumiquirensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 244. 1952. Oriente (Turumiquire). Tillaea venezuelensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 914. 1957. 1164 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 BRUNELLIACEAE Brunellia integrifolia var. ptanana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 244. 1952. Ptari-tepui. CUNONIACEAE Weinmannia Balbisiana var. ptanana Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 246. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Weinmannia guyanensis var. quinata Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 246. 1952. • Qriente (Turumiquire ) . Weinmannia pinnata var. ptaritepuiana Cuatr. , Fieldiana 28: 246. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Weinmannia roraimensis Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 247. fig. 4J. 1952. Roraima. Weinmannia Steyermarkii Cuatr., Fieldiana 28: 249. fig. 44. 1952. Ptari-tepulT. ROSACEAE Couepia Steyermarkii Maguire, loc. cit. 252. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Hirtella deflexa Maguire, loc. cit. 255. 1952. Roraima; Ptari-tepui. Lachemilla lycopodioidea Maguire, Fieldiana 28: 252. 1952. Andes of Merida. Licania Lasseri Maguire, loc. cit. 253. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Licania parviflora var. conduplicata Maguire, loc. cit. 253. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Licania parviflora var. submembranacea Maguire, loc. cit. 253. 1952. Oriente (Monagas) . Licania Steyermarkii Maguire, loc. cit. 254. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Licania subrotundata Maguire, loc. cit. 255. 1952. Distrito Federal. LEGUMINOSAE Calliandra trijugata Schery, Fieldiana 28: 256. 1952. Bolivar (be- tween Ciudad Boli'var and Rio Carom'). Inga bijuga Schery, loc. cit. 257. 1952. Sororopan-tepui. *Pithecolobium bijugatum Schery, loc. cit. 258. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Pithecolobium sabanensis Schery, loc. cit. 258. 1952. Roraima. *Pithecolobium subaquaticum Schery, loc. cit. 259. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). *Clitoria coriacea Schery, loc. cit. 260. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (San Antonio). Pterocarpus magnicarpa Schery, loc. cit. 261. 1952. Oriente (Anzoa- tegui). Pterocarpus Rohrii var. rubiginosus Schery, loc. cit. 261. 1952. Yaracuy. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1165 *Swartzia angustifolia Schery, loc. cit. 262. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Capihuara) . Swartzia parvifolia Schery, loc. cit. 263. fig. 45. 1952. Ptari- tepui. *Swartzia Pittieri Schery, loc. cit. 263. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Puerto Ayacucho) . Swartzia tepuiensis Schery, loc. cit. 265. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Taralea rigida Schery, loc. cit. 266. fig. 46. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Taralea Steyermarkii Schery, loc. cit. 268. fig. 47. 1952. Ptari- tepui. *Zollernia grandifolia Schery, loc. cit. 270. 1952. Bolivar (Medio Caura) . HUMIRIACEAE Humiria pilosa Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 270. 1952. Ptari-tepuf. ERYTHROXYLACEAE Erythroxylon venezuelense Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 271. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. RUTACEAE Diomma fruticosa Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 272. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Ravenia ruellioides var. ptariana Steyermark, loc. cit. 273. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Zanthoxylum pallidum Steyermark, loc. cit. 273. 1952. Andes of Merida. Zanthoxylum tachirense Steyermark, loc. cit. 274. 1952. Andes of Tachira. SIMARUBACEAE Picramnia caracasana f. tomentella Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 274. 1952. Distrito Federal. Picramnia tristamina Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 275. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Yavita); Duida. BURSERACEAE Protium ptarianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 275. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Protium ptarianum var. angustior Steyermark, loc. cit. 276. 1952. Ptari-tepui^ Protium puberulenta Steyermark, loc. cit. 276. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Trattinickia glabra Steyermark, loc. cit. 277. 1952. Ptari-tepui. 1166 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 MELIACEAE Trichilia ptariana Steyermark, loc. cit. 278. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Trichilia subsimplex Steyermark, loc. cit. 279. 1952. Duida. MALPIGHIACEAE Banisteria alternifolia Steyermark, loc. cit. 280. 1952. Oriente (Monagas ) . Blepharandra cretacea var. composita Steyermark, loc. cit. 281. 1952. Duida. Blepharandra ptariana Steyermark, loc. cit. 282. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. *Burdachia Williamsii Steyermark, loc. cit. 285. fig. U9. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Maroa). Byrsonima bolivarana Steyermark, loc. cit. 287. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Byrsonima carraoana Steyermark, loc. cit. 287. 1952. Ptari-tepu^. *Glandonia Williamsii Steyermark, loc. cit. 288. fig. 50. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Yavita). Heteropterys quetepensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 292. 1952. fig. 51. Oriente (Sucre). Hiraea tepuiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 293. 1952. Boraima; Ptari- tepu^. Tetrapterys pusilla Steyermark, loc. cit. 294. 1952. Ptari-tepui. VOCHYSIACEAE Qua lea ferruginea Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 295. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Vochysia rubiginosa Stafleu, Fieldiana 28: 296. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Vochysia surinamensis Stafleu, var. inflata Stafleu, Bee. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 41: 440. 1948. Ptari-tepui. POLYGALACEAE Polygala appressa yar. kavanayena Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 298. fig. 52. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Polygala Blakeana Steyermark, loc. cit. 298. fig. 53. 1952. Boraima. Polygala santanderensis Killip & Steyermark, loc. cit. 301. fig. 55. 1952. Colombia (Santander): Andes of Tachira. Polygala sanariapoana Steyermark, loc. cit. 301. fig. 54. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). EUPHOBBIACEAE *Amanoa pubescens Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 304. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Bio Guainia). Bernardia venezuelana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 305. 1952. Distrito Federal. •Chaetocarpus Williamsii Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 306. fig. 56. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Bi'o Guainia). BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1167 Conceveibastrum ptarianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 308. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Croizatia Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 308. 1952. Croizatia neotropica Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 309. fig. 57, a-e. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Croton chamanus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 312. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Croton Croizatii Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 312. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Croton deserticolus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 313. 1952. Lara. Croton kavanayensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 313. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Croton larensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 314. 1952. Lara. Croton roraimensis var. subintegrus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 315. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Croton sucrensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 315. 1952. Oriente (Sucre). Croton turumiquirensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 315. 1952. Oriente (Turumiquire) . Euphorbia Latazi var. glabra Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 316. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Hieronyma Croizatii Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 317. 1952. Distrito Federal. Phyllanthus bolivarensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 317. 1952. Boli'- var (Upata). Phyllanthus Croizatii Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 317. 1952. Yaracuy. Phyllanthus larensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 318. 1952. Lara. Phyllanthus majus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 318. fig. 58. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Phyllanthus orinocensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 321. 1952. Duida. Phyllanthus zanthoxyloides Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 321. 1952. Oriente (Monagas). Senefelderopsis Croizatii Steyermark, Bot. Mus. Leaflets 15: 46. pi. 16. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Senefelderopsis Steyermark, Bot. Mus. Leaflets 15: 46. 1951. AQUIFOLIACEAE *Ilex culmenicola Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 322. 1952. Duida. *Ilex Gleasoniana Steyermark, loc. cit. 322. 1952. Duida. Ilex karuaiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 323. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. •Ilex nervosa var. glabrata Steyermark, loc. cit. 324. 1952. Andes of Merida. Ilex ptariana Steyermark, loc. cit. 324. figs. 59-60. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Ilex stenophylla Steyermark, loc. cit. 325. 1952. Duida. Ilex subrotundifolia Steyermark, loc. cit. 328. fig. 61. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Ilex Tateana Steyermark, loc. cit 330. 1952. Duida. 1168 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Ilex venezuelensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 330. fig. 62. 1952. Duida. Ilex vesparum Steyermark, loc. cit. 332. fig. 63. 19S2. Oriente. (Turumi quire). CELASTRACEAE Maytenus apiculata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 334. fig. 64. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Maytenus coriacea Steyermark, loc. cit. 337, fig. 65. 1952. Andes of Me'nda. Maytenus guianensis f. crenulata Steyermark, loc. cit. 338. 1952. Oriente (Anzoategui). Maytenus parvifolia Steyermark, loc. cit. 338. 1952. Andes of Me'nda. Maytenus Pittieriana Steyermark, loc. cit. 338. fig. 66. 1952. Distrito Federal. STAPHYLEACEAE Turpinia multijuga Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 341. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. ICACINACEAE Emmotum ptarianum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 341. fig. 67. 1952. Ptari-tepui. SAPINDACEAE Cupania kavanayena Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 343. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Cupania kukenanica Steyermark, loc. cit. 344. fig. 68. 1952. Roraima. Cupania roraimae Steyermark, loc. cit. 346. fig. 69. 1952. Roraima. Dipterodendron venezuelense Steyermark, loc. cit. 346. fig. 70. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Llagunoa venezuelana Steyermark, loc. cit. 347. 1952. Andes of Merida. Matayba ptariana Steyermark, loc. cit. 350. fig. 71. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Matayba reducta Steyermark, loc. cit. 351. fig. 72. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Matayba sororopaniana Steyermark, loc. cit. 352. fig. 73. 1952. Sororopan - tepu i'. Matayba venezuelana Steyermark, loc. cit. 353. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Paullinia mollicoma Steyermark, loc. cit. 353. 1952. Ptari-tepui. SABIACEAE Meliosma Pittieriana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 354. 1952. Oriente (Anzoategui). BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1169 RHAMNACEAE *Colubrina venezue lens is Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 355. 1952. Dis- trito Federal — Colubrina Pittieriana Steyermark. ELAEOCARPACEAE Sloanea breviseta Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 357. 1952. Oriente (Monagas) = S. guianensis (Aubl.) Benth. Sloanea caudata Steyermark, loc. cit. 357. 1952. Ptari-tepui = S. macrophylla. Slonea Onoti Ho Steyermark, loc. cit. 358. 1952. Oriente (Anzoa- tigui) — S. multiflora Karsten. Sloanea Onotillo var. major Steyermark, loc. cit. 359. 1952. Oriente (Anzoategui) = S. multiflora Karsten. Sloanea Pittieriana Steyermark, loc. cit. 359. 1952. Ptari-tepui - S. Fendleriana. Sloanea ptariana Steyermark, loc. cit. 360. 1952. Ptari-tepui — S. picapica Standley. Sloanea venezuelana Steyermark, loc. cit. 361. 1952. Oriente (Mona- gas) - S. laurifolia (Benth.) Benth. MALVACEAE Abutilon pseudogiganteum Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 362. 1952. Ori- ente (Anzoategui). Abutilon turumiquirense Steyermark, loc. cit. 363. 1952. Oriente (Turumi quire ) . BOMBACACEAE Quararibea Steyermarkii Cuatr. , Fieldiana 28: 363. fig. 74. 1952. Oriente (Monagas). STERCULIACEAE Melochia Humboldtiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 365. 1952. Oriente (Sucre) . DILLENIACEAE Doliocarpus esmeraldae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 366. 1952. Duida. Doliocarpus ptariensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 367. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Saurauia meridensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 368. 1952. Andes of Merida. 1170 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 OCHNACEAE Leitgebia Gleasoniana Lasser, Bol. Acad. Cienc. Fis. Matem. y Nat. Caracas, 9: 246. 1945. fig. Duida. Ouratea duidae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 369. 1952. Duida. Ouratea ptaritepuiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 370. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. *0uratea venezuelensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 370. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazon as (Yavita). Poecilandra pumila Steyermark, loc. cit. 371. fig. 75. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Sauvagesia duidae Steyermark, loc. cit. 372. fig. 76. 1952 Duida. Sauvagesia longipes Steyermark, loc. cit. 374. fig. 77. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Sauvagesia miniata Steyermark, loc. cit. 376. fig. 78. '1952. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo); Duida. Marcgravia sororopaniana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 378. 1952. Sororopan - tepui'. Souroubea guianensis var. tomentella Steyermark, loc. cit. 378. 1952. Roraima. THEACEAE Bonnetia duidae Kobuski & Steyermark, Jour. Arn. Arb. 29: 411. 1948. Duida. Bonnetia Steyermarkii Kobuski, Jour. Am. Arb. 29: 402. 1948. Ptari- tepui. Bonnetia tepuiensis Kobuski & Steyermark, Jour. Am. Arb. 29: 399. 1948. Ptari-tepui. Freziera Steyermarkii Kobuski, Fieldiana 28: 380. 1952. Oriente (Anzoa'tegui). Ternstroemia acrodantha Kobuski & Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 381. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Ternstroemia camelliaefolia var. minor Kobuski & Steyermark, Fieldi- ana 28: 382. 1952. Distrito Federal Ternstroemis Steyermarkii Kobuski, Fieldiana 28: 382. 1952. Oriente (Anzoategui ) . Ternstroemia Steyermarkii var. submontane Kobuski, Fieldiana 28: 383. 1952. Oriente (Monagas). Ternstroemia unilocularis Kobuski & Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 383. 1952. Oriente (Anzoa'tegui). BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1171 GUTTI FERAE Caraipa ferruginea Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 384. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Yavita). Caraipa longipedicellata Steyermark, loc. cit. 385. 1952. Ptari- tepui. Chrysochlamys pauciflora Steyermark, loc. cit. 386. 1952. Ptari- tepui. Clusia cerroana Steyermark, loc. cit. 386. 1952. Ptari-tepu/. Clusia hexacarpa var. ptari tepuiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 387. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Clusia imbricata Steyermark, loc. cit. 387. fig. 79. 1952. Ptari- tepui . Clusia pusilla Steyermark, loc. cit. 390. fig. 80. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Clusia reducta Steyermark, loc. cit. 391. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Ri'o Guaini'a). Clusia roraimana Steyermark, loc. cit. 391. 1952. Roraima. "Clusia Williamsii Steyermark, loc. cit. 392. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Yavita). Havetia laurifolia var. venezuelana Steyermark, loc. cit. 392. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Hypericum caracasanum var. turumiquirense Steyermark, loc. cit. 393. 1952. Oriente (Turumiquire). Hypericum ericaefolium Steyermark, loc. cit. 393. 1952. Andes of Ta'chira. Hypericum meridense Steyermark, loc. cit. 394. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Hypericum pseudocaracasanum Steyermark, loc. cit. 394. 1952. Andes of Trujillo. Mahurea sororopantepuiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 395. fig. 81. 1952. Sororopa'h- tepui'. Moronobea ptaritepuiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 395. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Moronobea ptaritepuiana f. rosea Steyermark, loc. cit. 397. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Oedematopus ptaritepuiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 398. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Tovomita angustata Steyermark, loc. cit. 399. fig. 82. 1952. Ptari- tepui. Tovomita atropurpurea Steyermark, loc. cit. 399. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Tovomita duidae Steyermark, loc. cit. 400. 1952. Duida. ELATINACEAE Elatine Fassettiana Steyermark, Fieldinan 28: 400. fig. 83. 1952. Andes of Merida. 1172 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 CANELLACEAE Cinnamodendron venezuelense Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 402. fig. 8U. 1952. Oriente (Monagas). VIOLACEAE Viola venezuelensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 403. fig. 85, a-j. 1952. — Hybanthus parviflorus (Mutis) Baill. FLACOURTIACEAE Banara larensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 404. 1952. Andes of Lara. Banara paucinervosa Steyermark, loc. cit. 406. 1952. Andes of Merida. Casearia tachirensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 406. 1952. Andes of Tachira. Hasseltia monagensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 407. 1952. Oriente (Monagas) . Homalium anzoateguiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 410. 1952'. Oriente (Anzoategui) . *Ryania casiquiarensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 411. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Capihuara). LOASACEAE Cajophora larensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 412. fig. 86. 1952. Andes of Lara. Cajophora venezuelensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 414. fig. 87. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. BEGONIACEAE Begonia laxa Smith & Schubert, Fieldiana 28: 416. fig. 88. 1952. Oriente (Turumiquire). Begonia otophylla Smith & Schubert, loc. cit. 417. fig. 89. 1952. Oriente (Turumiquire) . Begonia pastoensis var. hirsutior Smith & Schubert, loc. cit. 418 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Begonia sucrensis Smith & Schubert, loc. cit. 418. fig. 90. 1952. Oriente (Turumiquire). THYMELEACEAE Daphnopsis dircoides Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 420. 1952. Sororopan- Tepui'. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1173 LYTHRACEAE Cuphea serpyllifolia var. tachirensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 420. 1952. Andes of Ta'chira. LECYTHIDACEAE Lecythis karuaiensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 422. 1952. Ptari- tepu/. RHIZOPHORACEAE Sterigmapetalum guianense Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 422. 1952. Ptari-tepui. COMBRETACEAE Buchenavia ptariensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 423. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. MYRTACEAE Aulomyrcia Amshoffiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 1003. 1957. Ptari- tepui. Aulomyrcia bolivarensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1004. Ptari-tepui. Aulomyrcia karuaiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1005. Ptari-tepui. Aulomyrcia parvifolia Steyermark, loc. cit. 1006. Ptari-tepui. Aulomyrcia ptariensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1006. Ptari-tepui. Aulomyrcia salticola Steyermark, loc. cit. 1007. Sororopa'n- tepui. Aulomyrcia vinacea Steyermark, loc. cit. 1008. Oriente (Sucre). "Calycolpus roraimensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1009. Roraima. Calyptranthes meridensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1009. Andes of Merida. *Eugenia caurensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1010. Bolivar (Rio Caura) . Eugenia crebrifolia Steyermark, loc. cit. 1011. Andes of Tachira. *Eugenia Llewelynii Steyermark, loc. cit. 1011. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Eugenia meridensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1012. Andes of Merida. Eugenia ptariensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1013. Ptari-tepui. Eugenia rondonensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1013. Roraima. Eugenia tachirensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1014. Andes of Tachira. Eugenia tamaensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1014. Andes of Tachira. Eugenia tepuiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1015. Ptari-tepui. Eugenia turumiquirensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1015. Oriente (Cerro Turumi quire) . Gomidesia bonnetiasylvestris Steyermark, loc. cit. 1016. Ptari-tepui. Myrcia sanisidrensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1018. Andes of Merida. Myrcia sororopanensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1019. Sororopan-tepui. 1174 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Myrcia tepuiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1019. Ptari-tepui. *Myrciaria caurensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1020. -Bolivar (Rio Caura) . Myrtus myricoides H.B.K., var. turumiquirensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1022. Oriente (Cerro Turumiquire) . Plinia fruticosa Steyermark, loc. cit. 1023. Oriente (Cerro Turumi- quire) . Siphoneugena densiflora Berg. var. tepuiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 1024. Ptari-tepui. MELASTOMACEAE Castratella rosea Gleason, Fieldiana 28: 424. 1952. Andes of Ta'chira Bucquetia vernicosa Gleason, loc. cit. 424. 1952. Andes of Ta'chira. Microlicia Steyermarkii Gleason, loc. cit. 425. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Siphanthera cordifolia var. glomerate Gleason, loc. cit. 426. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Farnngtonia Gleason, loc. cit. 426. 1952. Farringtonia fasciculate Gleason, loc. cit. 426. fig. 91. 1952. Duida. Tibouchina cryptadena Gleason, loc. cit. 426. 1952. Andes of Merida. Tibouchina duidae Gleason, loc. cit. 428. 1952. Duida. Tibouchina impressa Gleason, loc. cit. 428. 1952. Oriente (Anzoa'- tegui). Comolia coriacea Gleason, loc. cit. 429. 1952. Ptari-tepui'. Acanthella pulchra Gleason, loc. cit. 430. 1952. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Meriania Steyermarkii Gleason, loc. cit. 430. 1952. Andes of Merida. Graffenrieda curta Gleason, loc. cit. 431. 1952. Duida. Graffenrieda lanceolate Gleason, loc. cit. 432. 1952. Duida. Macrocentrum minus Gleason, loc. cit. 432. fig. 92. 1952. Ptari- tepui'. Leandra edentula Gleason, loc. cit. 434. 1952. Sororopan-tepui'. Leandra stellipilis Gleason, loc. cit. 434. 1952. Sororopan-tepui'. Miconia pachypoda Gleason, loc. cit. 435. 1952. Ptari-tepui. Miconia Steyermarkii Gleason, loc. cit. 435. 1952. Duida. Miconia larensis Gleason, loc. cit. 436. fig. 93. 1952. Andes of Lara. Tococa bolivarensis Gleason, loc. cit. 438. 1952. Ptari-tepui^ ONAGRACEAE Fuchsia adpressipilis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 438. 1952. Andes of Lara. Fuchsia meridensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 439. 1952. Andes of Me'rida. Fuchsia verrucosa var. tamaensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 440. 1952. Andes of Ta'chira. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1175 ARALIACEAE Dendropanax larensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 441. 1952. Andes of Lara Oreopanax capitatus var. minor Steyermark, loc. cit. 442. 1952. Andes of Merida. Oreopanax venezuelense Steyermark, loc. cit. 442. 1952. Qriente (Monagas ) . Schefflera Cuatrecasasiana Steyermark, loc. cit. 443. 1952. Andes of Tachira (mispelled as Schleff lera) . Schefflera duidae Steyermark, loc. cit. 444. 1952. Duida. Schefflera tamana Steyermark, loc. cit. 444. 1952. Andes of Tachira. UMBELLIFERAE Azorella Julianii Mathias & Constance, Fieldiana 28:445. fig. 94. 1952. Andes of Merida. ERICACEAE- (including VACCINIACEAE) Befaria Steyermarkii A. C. Smith, Fieldiana 28: 449. 1953. Oriente (Sucre) . Befaria tachirensis A. C. Smith, loc. cit. 450. 1953. Andes of Tachira . Gaultheria lepida A. C. Smith, loc. cit. 450. 1953. Sororopan-tepui. Ledothamnus Steyermarkii A. C. Smith, loc. cit. 451. 1953. Ptari- tepui. Orthaea crinita A. C. Smith, loc. cit. 452. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Vaccinium euryanthum A. C. Smith, loc. cit. 453. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. MYRSINACEAE Ardisia meridensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 454. fig. 95. 1953. Andes of Merida. Conomorpha apiculata Steyermark, loc. cit. 456. 1953. Duida. Conomorpha densipapillata Steyermark, loc. cit. 457. fig. 96. 1953. Andes of Merida. Conomorpha depressa Steyermark, loc. cit. 458. 1953. Ptari-tepui^. Conomorpha frigidicola Steyermark, loc. cit. 459. fig- 97. 1953. Andes of Merida. Conomorpha hieronymoides Steyermark, loc. cit. 460. fig- 98. 1953. Andes of Lara. Conomorpha jajiensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 462. fig- 99. 1953. Andes of Merida. Conomorpha larensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 463. fig. 100. 1953. Andes of Lara. Conomorpha lepidota f. acutata Steyermark, loc. cit. 465. 1953. Duida. 1176 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Conomorpha leprosa Steyermark, loc. cit. 465. 1953. Roraima. Conomorpha liriensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 466. fig- 101. 1953. Andes of Tachira . Conomorpha ptariensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 466. fig. 102. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Conomorpha roraimae Steyermark, loc. cit. 468. fig. 103. 1953. Roraima. Conomorpha sessilanthera Steyermark, loc. cit. 471. fig- IQb. 1953. Andes of Ta'chira. Conomorpha sulcata Steyermark, loc. cit. 473. /ig. 105. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Conomorpha tamana Steyermark, loc. cit. 475. fig- 106. 1953. Andes of Ta'chira. Grammadenia ptariensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 476. fig- 107. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Rapanea minima Steyermark, loc. cit. 477. fig. 108. 1953. Roraima. Rapanea reticulata Steyermark, loc. cit. 477. 1953. Roraima. Stylogyne turumiquirensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 479. fig. 109. 1953. Oriente (Turumi quire) . SAPOTACEAE Chrysophy 1 lum Steyermarkii Monachino, Fieldiana 28: 480. 1953. Bolivar (Upata). Micropholis Steyermarkii Monachino, loc. cit. 482. 1953. Ptari- tepui. Oxythece rigidopsis Monachino, loc. cit. 483. 1953. Oriente (An- zoategui). Oxythece robusta var. brevipetiolata Monachino, loc. cit. 486. 1953. Duida. Oxythece scrobiculata Monachino, loc. cit. 484. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Oxythece Steyermarkiana Monachino, loc. cit. 485. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Pouteria Baehniana Monachino, loc. cit. 486. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Pouteria caimito var. strigosa Monachino, loc. cit. 487. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui) . Pouteria simulans Monachino, loc. cit. 488. 1953. Oriente (An- zoategui) . EBENACEAE Diospyros anzoateguiensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 489. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui). STYRACACEAE Styrax costanus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 490. 1953. Oriente (An- zoategui) . Styrax duidae Steyermark, loc. cit. 491. fig. 110. 1953. Duida. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1177 SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos Lasseri Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 492. 1953. Distrito Federal . Symplocos Pittieriana Steyermark, loc. cit. 492. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Symplocos roraimensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 494. 1953. Roraima. Symplocos tamana Steyermark, loc. cit. 495. 1953. Andes of Tachira. LOGANIACEAE Desfontainia pulchra Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 216. 1947. Andes of Tachira. GENTIANACEAE Chorisepalum carnosum Ewan, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 37, no. 11: 394. fig. 1, A. 1947. Ptari-tepui. Chorisepalum psychotrioides Ewan, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 37, no. 11: 394. fig. 1- B-C. 1947. Roraima; Ptari-tepui'. Chorisepalum rotundifolium Ewan, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 37, no. 11: 396. 1947. Ptari-tepui. Lisianthus scabridulus Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 496.- 1953. Duida. Macrocarpaea bracteata Ewan, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 236. pi. 5. 1948. Andes of Lara. Macrocarpaea cerronis Ewan, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 223. pi. 5. 1948. Ptari-tepui — Macrocarpaea tepuiensis (Gleason) Steyer- mark. Fieldiana 28: 498. 1953. Macrocarpaea salicifolia Ewan, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 224. 1948 Ptari-tepui. = Macrocarpaea tepuiensis (Gleason) Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 498. 1953. Tapeinostemon ptariense Steyermark, Lloydia 14: 61. fig. 1-7. 1951. Ptari-tepui'. APOCYNACEAE Aspidosperma Pichonianum Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 38: 176. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Aspidosperma Steyermarkii Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 38: 187. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Aspidosperma decussatum Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 38: 190. 1951. Ptari-tepui. Macropharynx strigillosa Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 499. 1953. Ptari- tepui'. Mandevilla lancibracteata Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 500. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Mandevilla pachyphylla Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 501. 1953. Ptari- tepui. 1178 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Mandevilla Steyermarkii Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 502. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo) . Rauwolfia Steyermarkii Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 502. 1953. Andes of Ta'chira. ASCLEPIADACEAE Blepharodon Steyermarkii R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 503. 1953. Ptari- tepui. Blepharodon Yiscidum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 503. 1953. Ptarj.-tepui. Cynanchum albonervum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 504. 1953. Andes of Lara. Cynanchum bolivarense R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 504. 1953. Roraima. Cynanchum caespitulosum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 505. 1953. Roraima. Cynanchum caudigerum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 505. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire ) . Cynanchum confusum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 506. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Cynanchum duidae R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 506. 1953. Duida. Cynanchum exasperatum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 507. 1953. Andes of Merida. Cynanchum obovatum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 507. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Cynanchum revolutum R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 508. 1953. Ptari-teptll. Cynanchum sucrense R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 508. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire ) . Cynanchum violator R. Holm, Fieldiana 28: 509. 1953. Andes of Ta'chira . Matelea fucata Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 510. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Matelea mediocris Woodson, Fieldiana 28: 510. 1953. Ptari-tepui. BORRAGINACEAE Cordia.Toraimae I. M. Johnston, Fieldiana 28: 511/1953. Roraima. Tournefortia gracilipes I. M. Johnston, Fieldiana 28: 511. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui); Sucre (Turumiquire). VERBENACEAE Aegiphila Steyermarkii Moldenke, Fieldiana 28: 512. 1953. Ptari- tepuf. Aegiphila Steyermarkii yar. obtusifolia Moldenke, loc. cit. 513. Sororopan- tepui'. Aegiphila venezuelensis Moldenke, loc. cit. 514. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Duranta Steyermarkii Moldenke, loc. cit. 515. 1953. Oriente. (Mona- gas). BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA • IV 1179 LABIATAE Salvia iuliana Epling, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 74: 516. 1947. Andes of Me'rida. Salvia anguicoma Epling, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 74: 517. 1947. Andes of Me'rida. Salvia gracilipes Epling, Brittonia 7: 132. 1950. Andes of Me'rida. Scutellaria platystoma Epling, Brittonia 7: 130. 1950. Andes of Merida. SCROPHULARIACEAE Bacopa punctate Pennell, Fieldiana 28: 516. 1953. Roraima. Bartsia tachirensis Pennell, loc. cit. 516. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Bartsia spissifolia Pennell, loc. cit. 516. 1953. Andes of Merida. Castilleja mendensis Pennell, loc. cit. 517. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Castilleja steyermarkii Pennell, loc. cit. 517. 1953. Andes of Ta'chira . Castilleja trujillensis Pennell, loc. cit. 518. 1953. Andes of Trujillo. Lindernia brachyphylla Pennell, loc. cit. 519. 1953. Territorio Federal Aroazonas (Puerto Ayacucho) . GESNERIACEAE Alloplectus aquatilis Morton, Fieldiana 28: 521. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Alloplectus deltoideus Morton, loc. cit. 521. 1953. Sororopan- tepuf . Alloplectus glabrescens Morton, loc. cit. 522. 1953. Andes of Merida. Alloplectus microsepalus Morton, loc. cit. 523. 1953. Oriente (Monagas ) . Alloplectus ornatus Morton, loc. cit. 523. 1953. Andes of Trujillo. Besleria concinna Morton, loc. cit. 525. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui) , Besleria conformis Morton, loc. cit. 526. 1953. Oriente (Turumi- quire). Besleria ornata Morton, loc. cit. 527. 1953. Andes of Merida. Besleria ovoidea Morton, loc. cit. 528. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Besleria spinulosa Morton, loc. cit. 528. 1953. Oriente (Monagas). Columnea affinis Morton, loc. cit. 529. 1953. Aragua. Columnea scandens var . australis Morton, loc. cit. 531. 1953. Oriente (Monagas). Drymonia crassa Morton, loc. cit. 531. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Pterobesleria Morton, loc. cit. 532. 1953. Pterobesleria rosea Morton, loc. cit. 533. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. 1180 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 LENTIBULARIACEAE Genlisea nigrocaulis Steyermark, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 75: 657. 1948. Ptari-tepui. Genlisea esmeraldae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 534. 1953. Duida. Genlisea sanariapoana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 534. 1953. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Utricularia amazonasana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 535. 1953. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Utricularia arenicola var. kavanayena Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 535. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Utricularia aureolimba Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 535. 1953. Ptari- tepui. Utricularia aureomaculata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 536. fig. 111. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Utricularia ayacuchae Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 538. 1953. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (Puerto Ayacucho) . Utricularia bolivarana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 538. 1953. Roraima. Utricularia Campbel liana var. minor Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 539. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Utricularia congesta Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 539. fig. 112. 1953. Ptari-tepui . Utricularia congesta f. deminutiva Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 540 1953. Roraima. Utricularia cuspidata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 542. fig- 113. 1953. Sororopan-tepui. Utriculari heterochroma Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 554. fig. lilt. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Utricularia Humboldtii f. cuneata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 544. 1953. Duida. Utricularia Oliverana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 546. /ig. 115. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Utricularia Oliverana f. parva Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 546. 1953. Ptari-tepui . Utricularia orinocensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 548. 1953. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). Utricularia subpeltata Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 548. /ig. 116. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Utricularia tepuiana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 550. fig. 117. 1953. Ptari-tepuiT. Utricularia turumiquirensis Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 552. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire). Utricularia venezuelana Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 552. 1953. Ptari- tepui . BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1181 ACANTHACEAE Aphelandra megaphylla Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 553. 1953. Andes of Me'rida . Aphelandra pedunculate Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 554. 1953. Andes of Me'rida . Beloperone steyermarkii Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 555. 1953. Yaracuy. Dicliptera porphyrocoma Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 555. 1953. Oriente (Monagas ) . Dicliptera pyrrantha Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 556. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui). Habracanthus enarthrocoma Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 557. 1953. Andes of Lara. Justicia hylobia Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 558. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Justicia lamprophylla Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 559. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Justicia leptophylla Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 560. 1953. Yaracuy. Mendoncia albiflora Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 561. 1953. Oriente (Monagas ) . Mendoncia leucantha Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 562. 1953. Oriente (Monagas ) . Neriacanthus nitidus Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 563. 1953. Andes of Merida. Ruellia pterocaulon Leonard, Fieldiana 28: 564. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui) . RUBIACEAE Alseis microcarpa Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana 28: 565. fig- 118. 1953. Oriente (Monagas). Alseis trichocarpa Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 566. fig. 119. 1953. Bolivar (Upata). *Borreria macrocephala Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 566. fig. 120. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Rio Atabapo). Cephaelis bolivarensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 567. 1953. Sororopan-tepui. Cephaelis tinctoria Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 568. 1953. Andes of Lara. Chalepophyllum pungens Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 568. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Puerto Ayacucho); Duida — Acanthella conferta (Veil.) Cogn. Chimarrhis venezuelensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 570. fig. 121. 1953. Andes of Lara. Chiococca lucens Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 571. fig. 122. 1953. Sororopan-tepui. Eleagia laxiflora Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 574. fig. 123. 1953. Oriente (Anzoategui). 1182 FELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 *Faramea Cardonae Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 574. fig. 124- 1953. Guaiquinima. Guettarda Steyermarkii Standl. loc. cit. 576. fig. 125- 1953. Andes of Merida. Guettarda Steyermarkii f. latior Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 578. fig. 126. 1953. Andes of Merida. Hoffmannia costensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 578. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire). Malanea microphylla Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 582. fig. 127- 1953. Ptari-tepui. Pagamea anisophylla Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 584. fig. 128. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). *Pagamea auyantepuiensis Steyerm., loc. cit. 584. fig. 129. 1953. Auyan-tepui. Pagamea duidana Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 586. 1953. Duida. Pagamea pauciflora Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 588. 1953. Ptari- tepui. Pagamea Standleyana Steyermark, loc. cit. 589. fig. 130. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Pagamea Steyermarkii Standley, loc. cit. 589. fig. 131. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Palicourea Chimo Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 591. 1953. Andes of Lara. Palicourea tachirensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 593. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Psychotria arenaria Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 594. fig. 132. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Psychotria avia Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 596. 1953. Duida. *Psychotria Blakei Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 597. fig. 133. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Cerro Yapacana). Psychotria canaguensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 597. 1953. Andes of Merida. Psychotria cubitalis Standl. & Steyerma, loc. cit. 598. 1953. Ptari-tepuiT. Psychotria duricoria Standl. & Steyerm. , loc. cit. 599. 1953. Duida. Psychotria heterocarpa Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 600. 1953. Sororopan- tepui . Psychotria kukenanensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 601. 1953. Roraima. Psychotria patria Standl. & Steyerm. , loc. cit. 601. 1953. Andes Merida . Psychotria paupertina Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 603. 1953. Duida. Psychotria phaneroloma Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 604. 1953. Roraima. Psychotria ptariensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 604. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Psychotria sororopanensis Standl. & Steyerm. , loc. cit. 605. 1953. Sororopan- tepui'. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1183 Psychotria speluncae Standl. & Steyerm. , loc. cit. 606. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Psychotria Standleyana Steyermark, loc. cit. 607. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Psychotria tamaensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 607. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Psychotria uberta Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 608. 1953. Andes of Tachira. *Psychotria ventuariana Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 609. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Rio Ventuari). Remijia stenosepala Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 610. fig. 134- 1953. Ptari-tepui. By error this was originally published as Remijia stenopetala. *Rudgea Carolina Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 614. 1953. Terri- torio Federal Amazonas (San Carlos). Rudgea hospes Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 615. 1953. Andes of Lara. • Rudgea lucentifolia Standl. & Steyerm. , loc. cit. 616. 1953. Andes of Merida. Rustia venezuelensis Standl. & Steyerm. , loc. cit. 616. 1953. Andes of Me'rida. Tocoyena orinocensis Standl. & Steyerm., loc. cit. 617. 1953. Territorio Federal Amazonas (Sanariapo). CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum tinoides var. roraimense f. turumiquirense Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 619. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire ) . CUCURBITACEAE Anguria simplicifolia Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 620. fig. 136. 1953. (Anzoategui) . COMPOSITAE Baccharis erectifolia Steyermark, Fieldiana 28: 620. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire) . Baccharis meridensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 622. 1953. Andes of Merida . Baccharis ptariensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 623. fig. 137. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Baccharis venulosa Tar. cuspidibracteata Steyermark, loc. cit. 624. 1953. Andes of Ta'chira. Cacalia Venezuelae Badillo, Bol . Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 319. 1946. Andes of Merida = Senecio venezuelae (Badillo) Cuatr. , Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 31. 1950. 1184 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Calea clematidif olia Steyermark, loc. cit. 627. 1953. Roraima. Calea lucidivenia f. lanceolata Steyermark, loc. cit. 628. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Calea Oliverii yar. taeniotricha Steyermark, loc. cit. 628. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Clibadium surinamense Tar. macrophyllum Steyermark, loc. cit. 629. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire). Diplostephium tachirense Badillo, Bol\ Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 305. 1946. Andes of Tachira. Erigeron affinis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 308. 1946. Andes of Merida (not Erigeron affinis DC.) = Eri- geron venezue lensis Steyermark, nom. nov. , Fieldiana 28: 629. 1953. Espeletia trujillensis Cuatr. , Mutisia 16: 5-7. fig- 4. 1953. Andes of Trujillo. Eupatorium bergantinense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 294. 1946. Oriente (Anzoategui). Eupatorium crassicaule Steyermark, loc. cit. 629. 1953. Duida. Eupatorium cuadrasense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cience. Nat. 10, no. 68: 288. 1946. Andes of Me'rida = Eupatorium tovarense Rob. Eupatorium duidense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 292. 1946. Duida. Eupatorium karuaiense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 294. 1946. Ptari-tepui. Eupatorium kavanayense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 293. 1946. Ptari-tepui. Eupatorium larense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 287. 1946. Andes of Lara. Eupatorium. monagasense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 293. 1946. Oriente (Monagas) ^Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less. Eupatorium pharcidodes var. sororopanensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 632. 1953. Sororopan-tepui. Eupatorium ptare tepuiense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 291. 1946. Ptari-tepui = Eupatorium ibaguense Sch. Bip. Eupatorium roraimense f. albisetum Steyerm. , loc. cit. 633. 1953. Roraima. Eupatorium roupali folium f. latifolium Steyermark, loc. cit. 633. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Eupatorium roupalifolium yar. subintegrifolium Steyermark, loc. cit. 636. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Eupatorium stevioides Steyermark, loc. cit. 637. 1953. Andes of Tachira . Eupatorium Steyermarkianum Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 287. 1946. Andes of Trujillo. Eupatorium tepuianum Steyermark, loc. cit. 638. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Gnaphalium caeruleocanum Steyermark, loc. cit. 639. 1953. Oriente (Turumiquire) . BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1185 Gynoxis verrucosa Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 312. 1946. Andes of Merida (not Gynoxis verrucosa Wedd. , 1855) — Senecio meridanus Cuatr. , Fieldiana 27, no. 2: 38. 1951. Gynoxys aquifolia Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 12. 1950. Andes of Tachira . Hieracium frigidum f. tamaense Steyermark, loc. cit. 641. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Hinterhubera adenopetala Cuatr. & Arist. Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 17, no. 85: 101. 1956. Andes of Lara. Hymenostephium viride Steyermark, loc. cit. 641. fig. 138. 1953. Andes of Merida. Jungia reticulate Steyermark, loc. cit. 642. fig. 139. 1953. Andes of Tachira. La'genophora andina Badillo, Darwiniana 7: 331. fig. 1947. Andes. of Merida. Liabum insigne Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 313. 1946. Andes of Merida. Lucilia venezuelensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 644. fig. 140. 1953. Andes of Merida. Mikania anzoatiguensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 301. 1946. Qriente (Anzoa'tegui). Mikania auyantepuensis Tar. breripedicellata Steyermark, loc. cit. 648. 1953. Duida. Mikania bergantinensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 303. 1946. Oriente (Anzoa'tegui). Mikania bolivarensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 299. 1946. Sororopan-tepui; Roraima = Mikania pannosa Baker. Mikania Hookeriana var. crassicaulis Steyermark, loc. cit. 658. 1953. Ptari-tepui. Mikania karuaiensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 296. 1946. Ptari-tepui = Mikania scabra DC. Mikania kavanayensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 300. 1946. Ptari-tepui = Mikania Banisteriae DC. Mikania larensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 298. 1946. Andes of Lara = Mikania Stuebelii Hieron. var. larensis (Badillo) Steyerm. Mikania lucida f. hirticaulis Steyermark, loc. cit. 659. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Mikania meridana Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 303. 1946. Andes of Me'rida = Mikania Banisteriae var. monaga- sensis (Badillo) Steyerm. Mikania monagasensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 300. 1946. Oriente (Monagas) = Mikania Banisteriae var. monagasensis (Badillo) Steyerm. Mikania oniaensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 297. 1946. Andes of Merida = Mikania Banisteriae f . lanuginosa (DC. ) Steyerm. 1186 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Mikania Phelpsii Maguire & Steyermark, Brittonia 7: 89. 1950. Ptari-tepui'. = Mikania lucida Blake. Mikania ptdretepuiensis Badillo, Bol . Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 302. 1946. Ptari-tepui' = Mikania Banisteriae DC . Mikania rondonensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 297. 1946. Roraima. Mikania sanjacintensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 298. 1946. Andes of Me'rida = Mikania Hookeriana var. platy- phylla (DC.) Rob. ^ Mikania stictophora Steyermark, loc. cit. 660. 1953. Ptari-tepui'. Mikania tepuiensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 302. 1946. Ptari-tepui. Oliganthes rorainensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 662. 1953. Roraima. Oyedaea Blakeana Steyermark, loc. cit. 663. fig. 141. 1953. Duida. Oyedaea verbesinoides var. glabrior Steyermark, loc. cit. 664. 1953 Oriente (Anzoategui). Oyedaea verbesinoides var. hypomalaca Steyermark, loc. cit. 664. 1953. Oriente (Monagas). Pectis venezue lensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 666. fig. 142. 1953. Bolivar (Upata). Piptocarpha kavanayensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 280. 1946. Ptari-tepui = Piptocarpha polycephala Baker. Piptocarpha upatensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10; no. 68: 279. 1946. Bolivar (Upata). Piptocarpha venezuelensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 280. 1946. Andes of Lara = Yernonia paradoxa Sch. Bip. Pluchea amorifera Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 309. 1946. Oriente (Sucre) = Pluchea purpurascens (Sw. ) DC. Polymnia meridensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 667. fig. 143. 1953. Andes of Merida. Quelchia Cardonae Steyermark, loc. cit. 670. fig. 144. 1953. Acopan- tepui. Sabazia urticaefolia var. venezuelensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 672. 1953. Andes of Lara. Senecio cobrensis Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 27. 1950. Andes of Tachira. Senecio laetivirens Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 317. 1946. Oriente (Anzorftegui ) , not Senecio laetevirens Philippi, 1894 = Senecio Badilloi Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 39. 1950. Senecio nigellus Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 316. 1946. Oriente (Anzoa'tegui). Senecio pavonicus Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 318. 1946. Andes of Tachira = Senecio colombianus Cuatr. , Caldasia 1: 1949. BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA -IV 1187 Senecio ptarianus Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 26. 1950. Ptari- tepui\ Senecio rigidif olium Badillo, Bol. Soc. Yen. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 318. 1946. Andes of Lara (the specific epithet should be rigidif olius) . Senecio Steyermarkii Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 32. 1950. Andes of Merida (not Senecio Steyermarkii Greenman, Ceiba 1: 124. 1950). = Senecio meridanus Cuatr., nom. nov. , Fieldiana 27, no. 2: 38. 1951. Senecio vicel lipticus Cuatr., Fedde Rep. Sp. 55: 152-153. 1953. Andes of Lara. Senecio vulpinaris Cuatr., Fieldiana 27, no. 1: 26. 1950. Andes of Lara. Soliva anthemidifolia var. lanuginosa Steyermark, loc. cit. 672. 1953. Andes of Lara. *Stenopadus ta laumif olius Tar. magnifolius Steyerm., loc. cit. 673. 1953. Cerro Arepuchi. Verbesina Blakeana Steyermark, loc. cit. 674. 1953. Andes of Merida Verbesina exalata Steyermark, loc. cit. 675. 1953. Distrito Federal. Verbesina negrensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 675. 1953. Andes of Merida. Verbesina tachirensis Steyermark, loc. cit. 677. 1953. Andes of Tachira. Vernonia guianensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 282. 1946. Sororopan-tepui'. Vernonia larensis Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 285. 1946. Andes of Merida = Vernonia Lehmanni Hieron. Vernonia Pari Badillo, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 10, no. 68: 284. 1946. Roraima. 1188 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 SUMMARY OF GROUPS DESCRIBED AS NEW Musci Pteridophyta Podocarpaceae Gramineae Cyperaceae Palmae Araceae Xyridaceae Eriocaulaceae Rapateaceae Bromeliaceae Commelinaceae Liliaceae Velloziaceae Oioscoreaceae Iridaceae Musaceae Marantaceae Burmanniaceae Orchidaceae Piperaceae Moraceae Proteaceae Loranthaceae Santalaceae Caryophyllaceae Magnoliaceae Winteraceae Ranunculaceae Monimiaceae Capparidaceae Sarraceniaceae Droseraceae Crassulaceae Brunelliaceae Cunoniaceae Rosaceae Leguminosae Humiriaceae Erythroxylaceae Rutaceae Simarubaceae Burseraceae Meliaceae Malpighiaceae New New New New Genus Species Variety Form 5 1 7 1 4 2 1 23 2 35 3 1 14 12 9 2 1 15 4 16 2 1 5 2 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 18 1 16 3 6 1 5 5 1 1 2 1 2 2 6 14 1 1 3 1 3 2 9 BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 1189 New New New New Genus Species Variety Form Vochysiaceae 1 Polygalaceae 4 1 Euphorbiaceae 2 20 2 Aquifoliaceae 9 1 Celastraceae 4 1 Staphyleaceae 1 Icacinaceae 1 Sapindaceae 1 Sabiaceae 1 Rhamnaceae 1 Elaeocarpaceae 6 1 Malvaceae Bombacaceae 1 Sterculiaceae 1 Dilleniaceae 3 Ochnaceae 8 Marcgraviaceae 1 1 Theaceae 7 Guttiferae 18 31 Elatinaceae 1 Canellaceae Violaceae 1 Flacourtiaceae 6 Loasaceae 2 Begoniaceae 3 1 Thymeleaceae 1 Lythraceae 1 Lecythidaceae 1 Rhizophoraceae 1 Combretaceae 1 Myrtaceae 26 2 Melastomaceae 1 19 1 Onagraceae 2 1 Araliaceae 5 1 Umbelliferae 1 Ericaceae 6 Myrsinaceae 19 1 Sapotaceae 7 2 Ebenaceae 1 Styracaceae 2 Symplocaceae 4 Loganiaceae 1 Gentianaceae 8 Apocynaceae 8 Asclepiadaceae 15 Borraginaceae 2 Verbenaceae 3 1 1190 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLfJME 28 New New New New Genus Species Variety Form Labiatae 4 Scrophulariaceae 7 Gesneriaceae 1 13 1 Lentibulariaceae 16 21 Acanthaceae 13 1 Rubiaceae 43 1 Caprifoliaceae 1 Cucurbitaceae 1 Compositae 51 10 4 "Total Number 9 642 68 16 INDEX Synonyms in italics Abolboda Gleasoniana, 820 grandis var. rigida, 105, 820 macrostachya, 104 ptaritepuiana, 104 rigida, 105, 820 sceptrum, 821, 822 vaginata, 821, 822 Abuta obovata, 902 Abutilon pseudogiganteum, 362 turumiquirense, 363 umbelliflorum, 973 Acacia podadenia, 922 Acanthaceae, 553, 1099 Acanthella pulchra, 430 Achetaria guianensis, 1086, 1087 Achyrocline Lehmanni, 1148 satureioides, 1136, 1141 Vargasiana, 1134, 1136, 1142 Acineta alticola, 192 Aciotis aequatorialis, 1026 laxa, 1031 purpurascens, 1031 Acisanthera bivalvis, 1028 erecta, 1027 gracilis, 1025 limnobios, 1025 Acoi-yere-yek, 925 Acorga-yek, 956, 957 Actinostemon concolor var. caribaeus, 955 Adelia Ricinella, 952 Adelobotrys guianensis, 1031 Adelothecium bogotense, 712 Adenocalyma inundatum var. surina- mense, 1088 Adenophaedra grandifolia, 949 Adenostemma Lavenia, 1139 Adenostephanus Glaziovii, 217 obversiflorus, 217 Adiantum concinnum, 750 macrophyllum, 750 obliquum, 750 tenerum, 750 tetraphyllum, 750 tinctum, 750 Aechmea Fendleri, 831 latifolia, 831 pubescens, 831 Aegiphila perplexa, 1082 quinduensis, 1082 roraimensis,1082 Steyermarkii, 512 Steyermarkii var. obtusifolia, 513 venezuelensis, 514 Aegopogon cenchrpides, 777, 781, 786 Aetanthus colombianus, 896 Ageratum latifolium, 1139 Agrostis Humboldtiana, 785 Agua, 997 Aguacero, 992 Ai-yek, 1008 Aizoaceae, 899 Aji de paloma, 371 Alatrique, 1080 Alchimella aphanoides, var. tripartita, 251 tripartita, 251 Alchornea cordata, 949 grandiflora, 952, 955 triplinervia, var. parvifolia, 949 Alectoria ecuadorensis, 694 Alexa confusa, 925 Algae, 681 Alibertia edulis, 1117 Alismaceae, 773 Allophylus occidentalis f. mollis, 967 Alloplectus, 520 aquatilis, 521 congestus, 1094 deltoideus, 521 glabrescens, 522 ichthyoderma var. pallidus, 1093,1094 ichthyoderma f. rubescens, 1093 meridensis, 1094 microsepalus, 523 ornatus, 523 pycnosuzygius, 522 Alnus ferruginea, 887 j'orullensis var. ferruginea, 887 jorullensis var. Mirbelii, 887 Mirbelii, 887 Alseis microcarpa, 565 trichocarpa, 566 Alsophila demissa, 7 floribunda, 744 gibbosa, 732 Gleasonii, 725 pauciflora, 744 villosa, 744 Alston, A. H. G., 679, 723, 740, 757 1191 1192 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Altamisa, 251 Altensteinia paleacea, 873 paludosa, 873 Amaioua guianensis, 1124 Amanoa guianensis, 948 pubescens, 304 Amarillo, 1116 A-marma-yek, 840 Amarum-yek, 1064 Amaryllidaceae, 157, 836 Amblystegiaceae, 715 Amfa-yek, 888 Amor seco, 908 Amphilophium oxylophium, 1091 Amu-rieu-wai-yek, 296 Amur-i-u-rai-yek, 423 Amyris ignea, 272 maritime, 272 simplicifolia, 272 Anacardiacea?, 956 Anacardium excelsum, 957 Anacystis marginata, 685 Ananas ananassoides var. nanus, 831 Anaptychia leucomelaena, 695 Anaxagorea petiolata, 904 Andreaceae, 697 Andreaea rupestris, 697 Andropogon bicornis, 780, 784, 789 condensatus var. paniculatus, 789 hirtiflorus, 780 leucostachyus, 780, 784, 789 semiberbis, 780 tener, 780, 784, 789 virgatus, 780, 784 Aneilema geniculata, 831 gracilis, 152 gracilis f. bicolor, 152 Anemia flexuosa, 728 millefolia, 728 Anepsias Moritzianus, 819 Aneu-purai-yek, 934 Anguria cissoides, 1128 simplicifolia, 620 spinulosa, 1128 Vogliana, 1128 Wageneriana, 1129 Anilina, 1116 Anilino montanero, 832 Anime chiquita, 1123 Aniphyllum rigidum, 827 Anisantherina hispidula, 1086 Anisomeris polyantha, 1117 Ankistrodesmus falcatus, 686 Annona montana, 905 Annonaceae, 903 Anomobryum clavicaule, 705 Anomospermum Schomburgkii, 902 Anonta-ba-yek, 950 Anonti-wa-yek, 308 Anthodon decussatum, 965 Anthospermeae, 1121 Anthurium angosturense, 819 cundinamarcense, 819 digitatum, 817 duidae, 92 Kalbreyeri, 820 Krauseanum, 93 monsterioides, 93 nymphaeifolium, 817 ornatum, 818 palmatum, 818 ptarianum, 94 roraimae, 816 rugosum, 818 scandens, 816, 818 scolopendrinium, 814, 818 signatum, 820 Antrophyum lineatum, 751 Aphelandra deppeana, 1099 megaphylla, 553 pedunculata, 554 Apio de monte, 1045, 1047 de paramo, 1045 Apocynaceae, 499, 1073 Apono-to-yek, 905 Aporu-ban-yek. 966 Apteria aphylla var. hymenanthera, 844 Aquifoliaceae, 322, 958 Araceae, 92, 814 Araguaney, 1090 Araik-ya-mak-cait-yek, 1110 Araliaceae, 441, 1043 Arapari-yek, 923 Archytaea multiflora, 980 Arcytophyllum microphyllum, 1123 muticum, 1123 Ardisia compressa, 1060 meridensis, 454 revoluta, 1061 Robinsonii, 1061 Arenaria, 226 humifusa /3, 226 Jahnii, 226 lanuginosa, 899 venezuelana, 226 yenezuelana f. Jahnii, 226 Ariarra-yek, 904 Aristida cognata, 786 Pittieri, 776 recurvata, 776 riparia, 776 setifolia, 786 tincta, 773, 776 Arrabidaea japurensis, 1088 Arracacia vaginata, 1045 Arrangure, 1047 Arthrostylidium, 775, 776, 781 amplissimum, 33 effusum, 31 Steyermarkii, 31 trinii, 784 Aruca-miri, 800 Arundinaria amplissima, 33 Arundinella hispida, 777, 781, 786 INDEX 1193 Asade-yek, 973 Asare-yek, 973 Asclepiadaceae, 503, 1077 Ascolepis brasiliensis, 799 venezuelensis, 799 Aspidosperma album, 1074 vargasii, 1075 Asplenium abscissum, 747 cuneatum, 721 dentatum, 747 fragrans, 747 harpeodes, 747 juglandifolium, var. integerrimum, 747 laetum, 747 monanthes, 747 myriophyllum, 747 obtusifolium, 747 otites, 748 praemorsum, 748 pumilum, 748 radicans, 721, 734 radicans var. partitum, 725, 748 rutaceum, 748 serra, 734 Astereae, 1136. 1147 Astronium Le Cointei, 957 Ata-camara-yek, 960 Atapi, 222 Atapik-yek, 894 Atapi-yek, 885 Athyrocarpus Pseudomonosperma, 152 Atractylocarpus longisetus, 700 Aulacomniaceae, 707 Aulomyrcia Amshoffiana, 1003 bolivarensis, 1004 karuaiensis, 1005 parvifolia, 1006 ptariensis, 1006 roraimae, 1007 salticola, 1007 Spruceana, 1008 tomentosa, 1008 vinacea, 1008 Auro-sa, 898 Avenita morada, 1131 Avira-yek, 921 Awari-vacabarf-yek, 975 Axinaea macrophylla, 1640 Axonopus affinis, 774 aureus, 774 caulescens, 777, 782 erectus, 19 kaietukensis, 778 Steyermarkii, 20 villosus, 21 Azorella crenata, 1046 Juliana, 445 Babosa, 976 Baccharis erectifolia, 620 meridensis, 622 microphylla, 1148 mucuchiesensis, 1148 prunifolia, 1147 ptariensis, 623 rufescens, 1136 rufescens var. rufescens, 1136 Schomburgkii, 1136 tricuneata, 1148 trinervis, 1141 varians, 1136 venulosa, 1148 venulosa var. cuspidibracteata, 624 Bacopa punctata, 516 Bactris bergantina, 71 duidae, 73 Kamarupa, 75 ptariana, 77 sororopanae, 78 tennis, 810 venezuelensis, 80 Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 680 Balanophoraceae, 898 Balsamo, 1042 Bambuseae, 17 Banara larensis, 404 paucinervosa, 406 Bancroftia diffusa, 911 Baniba, 391 Banisteria alternifolia, 280 elegans subsp. cordata, 940 leptocarpa, 940 Barbasco, 906, 928 Barkley, Fred A., 680, 956 Barrita de San Jose, 157 Bartram, E. B., 4, 679, 695 Bartramiaceae, 706 Bartsia parvifolia, 1087 spissifolia, 516 tachirensis, 516 Basellaceae, 899 Batrachospermum ambiguum, 689 guyanense, 689 orthostichum, 689 pulchrum, 689 vagum, 689 Becquerelia cymosa, 802, 803 Befaria congesta, 1051 glauca, 1048 glauca var. coarctata, 1050 glauca var. tomentella, 1049 grisea, 1051 hispida, 1048, 1049 Imthurnii, 1049 Steyermarkii, 449 tachirensis, 450 variabilis, 1049 Begonia alnifolia, 998 fagopyroides. 997 ferruginea, 998 glabra, 997 humilis, 997, 998 laxa, 416 1194 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Begonia meridensis, 997 otophylla, 417 pastoensis var. hirsutior, 418 scabrida, 998 stigmosa, 998 sucrensis, 418 toledana, 998 tovarensis, 999 trispathulata, 999 ulmifolia, 998 Urticae, 999 Begoniaceae, 416, 997 Bejuco, 940, 993 bianco, 1138 de agua, 997 de gavilan, 1114 de mono, 943 de patilla de agua, 1128 de venado, 925 fuente, 1093 Bellucia circumscissa, 1036 Beloperone Steyermarkii, 555 Benthamantha mollis, 928 Berberidaceae, 901 Berberis discolor, 901 prolifica, 901 psilopoda, 901 truxellensis, 902 vitellina, 901 Bernardia venezuelana, 305 Bertiera guianensis, 1104 Besleria, 524 concinna, 525 conformis, 527 Kalbreyeri, 1094 laxiflora, 1092 longipes, 1093 ornata, 527 ovoidea, 528 pycnosuzygia, 522 reticulata, 1094 spinulosa, 528 Betulaceae, 887 Bicue, 1045 Bidens andicola, 1143 squarrosa, 1144 triplinervia var. macrantha, 1144 Bignoniaceae, 1088 Bijau, 163 Blechnum columbiense, 748 gracile, 749 I'herminieri, 749 pteropus, 725 Schomburgkii, 724, 726 unilaterale, 749 Blepharandra cretacea, 280 cretacea var. composita, 281 ptariana, 282 Blepharodpn ampliflorus, 1078 crassifolius, 1077 Steyermarkii, 503 Ulei, 1077 viscidum, 503 Bletia florida, 848, 857 purpurea, 879 Bocconia integrifolia, 908 Pearcei, 908 Boehmeria caudata, 889 fallax, 890 Bolbitis cladorrhizans, 745 serratifolia, 746 Bomarea Bredemeyerana, 836 caraccensis, 837 crassifolia, 837 hispida, 837 Bombacaceae, 363, 973 Bombacopsis mucronulata, 974 pachiroides, 974 Bombax Jenmani, 973 Bonnetia paniculata, 980 roraimae, 980 sessilis, 981 Bonyunia cinchonoides, 1068 minor, 1068 Bora, 834 Borraginaceae, 511, 1080 Borreria hispida, 1108, 1127 macrocephala, 566 suaveolens, 1105 Botoncillo, 788 Botonera, 1083 Botrychium cicutarium, 757 Underwoodianum, 758 Boussingaultia leptostachys, 899 Brachionidium brevicaudatum, 853 Brachypodium mexicanum, 785 Brachytheciaceae, 715 Brachythecium plumosum, 715 Brassavola cucullata, 867 Brassia Wageneri, 860, 870 Bravaisia integerrima, 1100, 1101 Bredemeyera floribunda, 944 Breutelea tomentosa, 706 Brocchinia acuminata, 828 hechtioides, 828 melanacra, 135 reducta, 828 secunda, 135 Steyermarkii, 136 Tatei, 828 vestita, 138 Bromeliaceae, 135, 828 Bromelia latifolia, 831 Brunelliaceae, 244 Brunellia integrifolia var. ptariana, 244 Bryaceae, 705 Bryum argenteum, 705 capillare, 705 Bucare, 927 Buchenavia capitata, 1003 parvifolia, 1003 ptariensis, 423 Buchholz, J. T., 679, 759 INDEX 1195 Buchnera palustris, 1086 virgata, 1086 Bucquetia vernicosa, 424 Buettneria jaculifolia, 974 Bulbophyllum aristatum, 868 geraense, 857 Warmingianum, 857 Bulbostylis aturensis, 790 capillaris, 790, 792 junciformis, 791 junciformis var. ambigua, 37 junciformis var. congesta, 37 leucostachya, 790 Svensoniana, 37 Burdachia Duckei, 283 Williamsii, 285 Burmannia bicolor, 844 flava, 843, 844 flava var. macroptera, 844 sanariapoana, 165 Burmanniaceae, 165, 843 Burmeistera puberula, 1131 Burseraceae, 275, 935 Byrsonima bolivarana, 287 bracteolaris, 940, 941 carracana, 287 chrysophylla, 939 concinna, 941 crassifolia var. Spruceana, 939 crelacea, 280, 288 lancifolia, 939 Luetzelburgii, 288 martinicensis, 942 rugosa, 941 verbascifolia, 942 Caa-va-yau-rei-yek, 1059 Cabeza de auraurata, 234 Cabezona, 788 Cabimbo, 937 Cacahuito, 1123 Cacao, 905, 1002 Cack-orai-yek, 1063 Cactaceae, 999 Caesalpinoideae, 923 Cafecito, 568, 1125 Caibari-cai-yek, 211 Cai-ca-yek, 891 Cajophora larensis, 412 venezuelensis, 414 Calamagrostis Pittieri, 786 Calathea acuminata, 161 casupito, 842 duidae, 162 Lasseriana, 163 villosa, var. pardina, 843 Calatola venezuelana, 966 Calea abelioides, 1132 Berteriana, 1150 caracasana, 1144 clematidifolia, 627 lucidivenia, 1134, 1137 lucidivenia f. lanceolata, 628 Oliverii var. taeniotricha, 628 subcordata, 1150 Calliandra trijugata, 256 Callicpstella aspera, 712 Callisia monandra, 832 Calolisianthus Tatei, 498 tepuiensis, 498 Calophyllum brasiliense, 983 Calycolpus cordatus, 1009 roraimensis, 1009 Calycophysum brevipes, 1128 Calymperaceae, 702 Calyptranthes meridensis, 1009 tovarensis, 1010 Calyptrocarya glomerulata, 800, 802, 803 Camaridium ochroleucum, 869 Camata-na-yek, 1060 Came salado, 968 Campelia Zanonia, 832 Campomanesia coaetanea, 1010 Campylocentrum micranthum, 860, 871 Campyloneuron Fendleri, 752 Campylopus bolivarensis, 4 Chrismari, 698 flexuosus, 698 introflexus, 699 Jamesoni, 699 Richardi, 699 Camuari, 86 Canacichi, 1141 Cana-la-India, 840 Canavalia panamensis, 927 Candil, 338 Canellaceae, 402 Canelo, 953, 1115 Canillo de venado, 1010 Cano bravo, 775 Can-wa-dau-yek, 941 Can-wadek-yek, 918 Can-wai-ya-yek, 287 Can-waya, 816 Capai-chan-yek, 92 Capau-tit-warei-yek, 907 Capparidaceae, 238, 911 Capparis baducca, 911 Eustachiana, 912 paradoxa, 239 Caprifoliaceae, 618, 1128 Capuy-yen-cu-me-peu, 902 Caracasia tremadena, 979 viridifolia, 979 Caracoli, 1003 Caraipa ferruginea, 384 laxiflora, 983 longipedicellata, 385 tereticaulis, 983 Carana, 365, 935 Carapa, 937 guianensis, 936 Carapito, 946 1196 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Carbon, 1067 Carbonero, 254 Cardamine Alberti, 237 armoracioides, 908 Aschersoniana, 908 ecuadorensis, 910 flaccida, 909 Jamesonii, 910 Jamesonii var. nevadensis, 911 Jamesonii prol. pulcherrima, 911 Jamesonii var. speciosa, 911 Johnstonii prol. prolifera, 910 Johnstonii var. superba, 911 nevadensis, 910 ovata, 908 ovata, f. Lehmannii, 237 ovata subsp. Lehmannii, 237 picta, 909, 910 pulchra, 910 punicea, 910 speciosa, 910 Carex albolutescens, 807 ami eta, 807 culmenicola, 65 Jamesonii, 806, 807 larensis, 66 Longii, 807 phalaroides, 808 polystachya, 806, 807 roraimensis, 67 tachirensis, 68 tamana, 70 turumiquirensis, 70 Caribito, 933 Caricaceae, 996 Carica pubescens, 996 Cariceae, 61, 806 Carinafolium Tatei, 701 Cari-yarena, 779 Cari-yau-ki-yu-yak, 950 Carnarval, 395 Carne stolenda, 989 Caroit-yek, 1108 Carptotepala, 114 insolita, 114 Carrizilla, 788 Carrizillo, 785 Carrucillo, 1067 Carutu-yek, 958 Caryocaraceae, 978 Caryocar glabrum, 978 Caryophyllaceae, 226, 889 Casearia aculeata, 991 arguta, 992 celastroides, 990, 991, 992 decandra, 991 grandiflora, 991, 992 inaequilatera, 990 mariquitensis, 992 mollipila, 992 negrensis, 990 Spruceana, 990 sylvestris, 991 tachirensis, 406 Cassabita, 934 Cassia hirsuta, 924 multijuga, 924 patellaria, 924 quinquangulata, 924 uniflora, 924 Castaway-yek, 976 Castilleja agrostis, 519 arvensis, 519, 1087 integrifolia, 1087 meridensis, 517 Steyermarkii, 517 trujillensis, 518 Castratella piloselloides, 1039 rosea, 424 Casupo, 842 Catasetum discolor, 845, 857 planiceps, 848, 868 Catoblastus praemorsus, 814 pubescens, 814 Caudil, 952 Caulerpa, 688 Caulerpaceae, 688 Caura-rin-yek, 905 Cavendishia duidae, 1053 miconiodes, 1056 splendens, 1054 Cawai-ta-si-yek, 942 Cawau-ya-yek, 272 Cayi-rem-bei-yek, 888 Cebolleta, 848 Cecropia kavanayensis, 210 sciadophylla, 887, 889 Cedrela bogotensis, 938 odorata, 936, 938 Cedrillo, 957 Cedro, 936 rosado, 938 Celastraceae, 334, 962 Cenicero, 1118, 1119, 1120 Centella asiatica, 1045 biflora, 1045 Centronia crassiramis, 1032 insignis, 1040 Centropogon cornutus, 1130 elmanus, 1131 ferrugineus, 1131 hyalinus, 1131 roraimanus, 1130 solanifolius, 1131 Cephaelis axillaris, 1107, 1111 bolivarensis, 567 Ernesti, 1111 iodrotricha, 1107, 1111 muscosa, 1118 pubescens, 1107, 1118 purpurea, 1106, 1107 Tatei, 1111 tinctoria, 568 tomentosa, 1107, 1111 INDEX 1197 Cephalocarpus confertus, 803, 805 linearifolius, 803 Steyermarkii, 54 Ceramiaceae, 690 Ceramium, 690 Cerastium Kunthii, 899 Ceratosanthes latiloba, 1129 Cercouratea Grosourdyi, 370 Cereus hexagonus, 1000 Chaetocarpus stipularis, 950 Williamsii, 306 Chaetomorpha aeria, 688 antennina, 688 Chaetophoraceae, 687 Chak-kumi-yek, 1133 Chalepophyllum guianense, 1109 pungens, 568, 1026 speciosum, 1109 Chamaesiphon incrustans, 686 Chamaesiphonaceae, 686 Chaparrillo, 976, 1103 Chaparro, 892, 976 Chaptalia integrifolia, 1152 Chara, 216 Chara-ceur, 1082 Cha-yek, 1135 Cheilanthes micromera, 750 notholaenoides, 750 Chelonanthus campanula! des, 1169 Cardonae, 498 pyriformis, 498 Schomburgkii, 1069 Chimarrhis cymosa, 1116 venezuelensis, 570 Chimo, 593 Chinak, 940 guaiquin-chinaten, 925 Chinok, 993 Chiococca lucens, 571 nitida, 1111 Chiococceae, 1111 Chip-cuy-yek, 1004 Chipoi-yek, 277, 936, 1108 Chipo-yek, 935 Chiri-du-ca-yek, 1128 Chloris mollis, 774 Chlorophora brasiliensis, 888 Chomelia tenuiflora, 1105, 1124 Chordariaceae, 688 Chroococcaceae, 685 Chrysochlamys dependens, 987 pauciflora, 386 Chrysophyllum auratum, 1064 balata var. Saunanyek, 1063 Beardii, 1063 caracasanum, 1065 Schomburgkianum, 1063 Steyermarkii, 480 Chuquiragua vepreculata, 1145 Chusquea Fendleri, 785 linearis, 776, 781 Cichorieae, 1145 Cinchona officinalis, 1122 pubescens, 1114 Cinchoneae, 1103, 1106, 1108, 1114, 1122 Cinnamodendron venezuelense, 402 Ciruela, 404 Cissampelos fasciculata, 902 ovalifolia, 902 Cissus Martiniana, 356 Trianae var. Martiniana, 356 Citharexylum spinosum, 1083 Cladium costatum, 50 Cladonia aggregata, 692 carassensis, 692 didyma, 692 fallax, 693 fallax f. thyrsifera, 693 Gorgonina, 693 medusina, 693 miniata, 693 mitis, 693 serratophylla, 692 sphacelata, 693 verticillaris, 693 Cladoniaceae, 692 Cladophora, 688 Cladophoraceae, 688 Claurin-yek, 905 Clausen, Robert T., 679, 729, 757 Clavelito, 439 Clavija lancifolia, 1057 longifolia, 1057 Cleome arborea, 911 gigantea, 912 viridiflora, 912 Clethra bicolor, 1047 guianensis, 1047 ovalifolia, 1047 Clethraceae, 1047 Clibadium surinamense, 1134 surinamense var. macrophyllum, 629 Clidemia aphananthera, 1038 capitata, 1035 coriacea, 1035 involucrata, 1035 rubra, 1036 Clitoria coriacea, 260 Clusia alata, 986 columnaris, 984 crassifolia, 984 eugenioides, 896 hexacarpa var. pteritepuiana, 387 imbricata, 387 Melchiori, 984 nemorosa, 984 pusilla, 390 reducta, 391 roraimensis, 391 rosea, 986 Schomburgkiana, 983 serroana, 386 sessilis, 984 1198 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Clusia viscida, 984 Williamsii, 392 Coccocypselum guianense, 1107, 1109, 1116 hirsutum, 1109 lanceolatum, 1107, 1110 Cochlidium Connellii, 726, 735 Cochlospermaceae, 989 Cochlospermum orinocense, 989 Coco de mono, 1001, 1002 Codonanthe calcarata, 1092 crassifolia, 1092 Uleana, 1093 Uleana var. integrifolia, 1093 Cojon de verraco, 1076 Cola de Pescado, 92 Collemaceae, 691 Collema implicatum, 691 Colorado, 938 Colubrina Pittieriana, 971 venezuelensis, 355, 971 Columnea, 529 affinis, 529 sanguinea var. trinitensis, 1093 scandens var. australis, 531 Combretaceae, 423, 1003 Come-yek, 422 Comida de venado, 837 Commelina robusta, 832 Commelinaceae, 134, 831 Comolia coriacea, 429 villosa, 1028 Compositae, 620, 1132 Conceivibastrum ptarianum, 308 Condaminea corymbosa, 1123 Condamineae, 1116, 1123 Connellia caricifolia, 139 nutans, 141 Conomorpha apiculata, 456 crotonoides, 1059 densipapillata, 457 depressa, 458 duidae, 1057 frigidicola, 459 hieronymoides, 460 jajiensis, 462 larensis, 463 latifolia, 1059 lepidota f. acutata, 465 leprosa, 465 liriensis, 466 ptariensis, 466 punctata, 1058 roraimae, 468 sessilanthera, 371 sessilis, 1058 sulcata, 473 tamana, 475 Conopia, 841 Conopi-chau-rei-yek, 981 Conostegia icosandra, 1037 Constance, Lincoln, 445, 680, 1045 Convolvulaceae, 1079 Conyza lyrata, 1141 Copai-yek, 296 Copei, 391, 986 Copeicillo, 986 Coperi-yek, 936 Coporik-warei-yek, 932 Corallito, 321 Corazon, 749 Corcamilla, 816 Cordia bicolor, 1080 lanata, 1081 lineata, 1080 nodosa, 1080 phaeotricha, 1081 roraimae, 511 ucayaliensis, 1080 Core, Earl L., 679 Cortaderia columbiana, 776 roraimensis, 776, 781 Cortadero, 797, 802 Corynaea Purdiei, 898 Cosmarium, 685 Cosmos caudata, 1144 Costus cylindricus, 840 Couepia steyermarkii, 252 Couma utilis, 1073 Couroupita guianensis, 1001 Coussapoa glaberrima, 888 Steyermarkii, 212 viridifolia, 213 viridifolia var. tenuifolia, 214 Williamsii, 214 Coussarea paniculata, 1118, 1125 Coussareae, 1105, 1118, 1125 Crassulaceae, 244, 913 Crepidospermum rhoifolium, 935 Croizatia, 308 neotropica, 309 Croton chamanus, 312 Croizatii, 312 deserticolus, 313 kavanayensis, 313 larensis, 314 matourensis var. genuinus, 948, 950 palanostigma, 950 pungens, 952 roraimensis var. subintegrus, 315 scaber, 952 speciosus, 953 Spruceanus, 948 subincanus, 948 sucre nsis, 315 turumiquirensis, 315 xanthochloros, 953 Cruceta, 1124 Cruceto, 1001, 1117 real, 1117 Cruciferae, 237, 908 Cryptangieae, 53, 803 Ctenidium malacodes, 717 INDEX 1199 Ctenitis ampla, 745 platyloba, 13 Cuatrecasas, Jose, 210, 246, 363, 680, 887, 915, 1132 Cubi, 903 Cucurbitaceae, 620, 1128 Cuerda de pipe, 787 Culantrillo, 747, 750 negra, 748 Culcita coniifolia, 731 Cule-yek, 925 Culto, 1100 Cumarawa-yek, 1068 Cumara-yu-yek, 991 Cunoniaceae, 246, 915 Cupania americana, 967 kavanayena, 343, 344 latifplia, 967 roraimae, 346 rubiginosa, 966 Cuphea denticulata, 1001 racemosa, 1001 serpyllifolia, 1000 serpyllifolia var. tachirensis, 420 Cupita, 817 Curanbi-yek, 921 Curarima-yek, 164 Curarina, 831 Cura sana, 898 Curataquilla, 939 Curawei-yek, 964 Curcuma zedoaria, 840 Curia, 1100 Currucay, 936 Curtia tenuifolia, 1070 Cururi-yek, 1003 Cusapoi-yek, 950 Cusparo, 312 Cuyu-li-yek, 424 Cuyuri-yek, 424 Cyathea aureonitens, 725 meridensis, 732 petiolulata, 732 purpurea, 7 Cyatheaceae, 7, 729, 732, 743 Cybianthus venezuelanus, 1062 viridiflorus, 1058, 1059 Cyclanthera explodens, 1129 leptostachys, 1129 pedata, 1129 Cyclodictyon albicans, 712 capillatum, 712 Cyclopeltis semicordata, 745 Cylindrocystis Brebissonii, 686 Cymbopetalum brasiliense, 905 Cynanchum albonervum, 504 bolivarense, 504 brachyphyllum, 1078 caespitulosum, 505 caudigerum, 505 confusum, 506 Decaisneanum, 506 duidae, 506 exasperatum, 507 guianense, 507 lanceolatum, 506 mirifolium, 507 obovatum, 507 parviflorum, 1078 revolutum, 508 Schlechtendalii, 1078 stenospira, 1078 strictum, 508 sucrense, 508 Tatei, 509 taxifolium, 509 varians, 509 violator, 509 Cynoglossum zeylanicum, 1081 Cyperaceae, 37, 790 Cypereae, 37, 790 Cyperus digitatus, 790 Haspan subsp. juncoides, 790 laevigatus, 790 oxylepis, 790 Cyrillaceae, 957 Cyrilla racemiflora, 957 Cyrtopodium Broadwayi, 857 Engelii, 880 Cystopteris fragilis, 744 Dahlgrenia, 82 ptariana, 82 Dalechampia stipulacea, 955 tiliifolia, 953 Daphnopsis bogotensis, 1000 dircoides, 420 longipedunculata, 1000 Davilla aspera, 976 Declieuxia brasiliensis, 1105 Dendropanax Fendleri, 1043 larensis, 441 Dendrophthora elliptica, 894 rubicunda, 894 Desmidiaceae, 685 Desmocelis villosa, 1025 Desmodium triflorum, 928 Desmoncus duidensis, 85 multijugus, 85 Dianthera pleurolarynx, 561 speciosa, 561 Dichaea hystricina, 871 muricata, 860 pendula, 848, 860 Dichapetalaceae, 947 Dichapetalum odoratum, 947 pedunculatum, 947 Dichorisandra hexandra, 832 villosula, 832 Dichromena ciliata, 797 monostachya, 793 rigidifolia, 796 Dicksoniaceae, 731, 743 Dicksonia Karsteniana, 743 1200 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Dicliptera porphyrocoma, 555 pyrrantha, 556 Dicranaceae, 698 Dicranella tovariensis, 698 Dicranodontium denudatum, 700 Dicranopteris flexuosa, 727, 739 pectinata, 722 Schomburgkiana, 16 Dictamo matico, 988 real, 1087 Dictyopteris, 688 Dictyostega orobanchoides, 845 Dictyotaceae, 688 Didymiandrum flexifolium, 59 guaiquinimae, 805 stellatum, 804 Didymodon angustifolius, 4 Didymopanax Morotoni, 1043 Digitaria glabriculmis, 18 horizontalis, 787 Digomphia densicomae, 1089 laurifolia, 1088 Dilleniaceae, 366, 976 Dimorphandra macrostachya, 923 Diolena repens, 1032 Diomma fruticosa, 272 Ulei, 932 Dioscorea bolivarensis, 158 bulbifera, 838 Lasseriana, 158 sororopana, 159 trifida, 838 Dioscoreaceae, 158, 838 Diospyros anzoateguiensis, 489 Diphysciaceae, 718 Diphyscium Fendleri, 717 Diplazia karataefolia, 798, 799 Diploschistaceae, 691 Diploschistus cinereocaesius, 691 Diplostephium rosmarinifolium, 1148 venezuelense, 1148 Dipsacaceae, 1128 Dipsacus fullanum, 1128 Dipterodendron venezuelense, 346 Disterigma empetrifolium, 1056 Humboldtii, 1052, 1053, 1056 Ditassa lanceolata, 506, 1077 Tatei, 509 taxifolia, 509 Dodge, Carroll W., 679, 690 Dodonaea viscosa var. arborescens f. spatulata, 968 Doliocarpus brevipedicellatus var. /3 den- siflorus, 367 densiflorus, 367 dentatus, 976 esmeraldae, 366 ptariensis, 367 Donnellsmithia peucedanoides, 1046 Draba pamplonensis var. Moritzii, 911 Drimys brasiliensis var. ptaritepuiensis, 235 brasiliensis var. roraimae, 903 granadensis var. grandiflora, 903 granadensis var. uniflora, 903 Drosera arenicola, 243 cayennensis, 912 montana var. robusta, 912 montana var. roraimae, 913 pusilla, 913 sanariapoana, 243 sessiliflora, 912 tenella, 913 tenella var. esmeraldae, 244 Droseraceae, 243, 912 Drouet, Francis A., 679, 681 Drymaria firmula, 227 Drymonia crassa, 531 Dryopteris amplissima var. subeffusa, 725 Carrii, 744 denticulata, 732 Engelii, 11 pedata var. palmata, 749 sagittifolia, 749 sancti-gabrieli, 720 Duckiella, 845 Duguetia lucida, 905, 906 macrophylla, 903 pauciflora, 904 pycnastera, 905 Saffordiana, 905 Spruceana, 904 Duranta Steyermarkii, 515 Duroia eriopila, 1104 genipoides, 1110 Ebenaceae, 489 Ecclinusa Ulei, 1062 Echeveria bicolor, 913 bicolor var. turumiquirensis, 244 columbiana, 914 Echinolaena inflexa, 775, 777, 782 Elaeagia Karstenii, 572 laxiflora, 574 Elaeocarpaceae, 357 Elaphoglossum andicola, 754 cordigerum, 727 cuspidatum, 754 discolor, 722 firmum, 754 Fraseri, 737 glabellum, 738 glossophyllum, 754 laminarioides, 738 pilosum, 754 plumosum, 722, 727 rigidum, 722, 755 sancti-gabrieli, 722 stenopteris, 738 tovarense, 738 viscosum var. minus, 755 Elaterium carthaginense, 1129 Elatinaceae, 400 INDEX 1201 Elatine Fassettiana, 400 Eleocharis capillacea, 791 filmiculmis, 791 flavescens, 792 pachystyla, 791 squamigera, 791 stenocarpa, 792 subfoliata, 791 Eleutherostemon tatrandrum, 1057 Elionurus adustus, 780 Elleanthus aurantiacus, 872 capitatus, 850 furfuraceous, 861 linifolius, 850, 861 Myrosmatis, 872 Elyonurus adustus, 788 Emmeorrhiza umbellata, 1114, 1121, 1127 Emmotum fulvum, 965 ptarianum, 341 Ene-bi-gi, 725 Ene-bi-gi-yek, 725 Ene-bi-gi-yek timunga-teng, 10 Ene-bi-shik, 728 Engelia tovarensis, 563 Engorda macho, 1143 Enteromorpha, 687 Entodon Hampeanus, 716 Entodontaceae, 716 Entophysalis Cornuana, 686 Eperua grandiflora, 923 Jenmani, 923 Epidendrum brachyphyllum, 846, 847, 854 caespitosum, 854 cardioglossum, 865, 878 carnosum, 854 coriifolium, 854 cornutum, 878 crassilabium, 854 difforme, 878 frigidum var. stenophyton, 878 frutex, 879 grammatoglossum, 879 Hartii, 865 ibaguense, 845, 855 ibaguense, var. Schomburgkii, 866 imatophyllum, 866 Klotzscheanum, 866 Miersii, 855 nanum, 866 nocturnum, 855 oncidioides, 855 Ottonis, 866 ramosum, 866 ramosum var. lanceolatum, 847, 855 raphidophorum, 867 repens, 847, 855, 879 rigidiflorum, 867, 879 rigidum, 867 Schomburgkii, 855 teretifolium, 846, 856, 867 tigrinum, 856 torquatum, 879 variegatum, 854 violascens, 856 Epiphyllum Hookeri, 999 Epistephium macrophyllum, 850 parviflorum, 850 Epling, Carl, 690, 1083 Epoca-po-yek, 343 Epunok-yek, 983 Equisetaceae, 755 Equisetum bogotense, 755 Eragrostis domingensis, 785 fragilis, 18 Ercey-euri-yek, 922 Erek-kai-yek, 896 Erianthus asper, 784 Ericaceae, 449, 1048 Erigeron affinis, 629 bonariensis var. leiothecus, 1136 Karvinskyanus, 1141 venezuelensis, 629 Erika-bai-yek, 906, 907 Eriocaulaceae, 114, 823 Eriocaulon dimorphopetalum, 116 guianense, 823 melanocephalum, 825 Steyermarkii, 117 Eriochrysis cayennensis, 779, 788 Eriopsis bilpba, 858 Eriosema violaceum, 924, 928 Ernestia tenella, 1029 Eryngium humile var. caulescens, 1046 Erythraea quitensis, 1071 Erythrina Poeppigiana, 927 velutina, 927 Erythrodes confusa, 172 elata, 874 procera, 862, 874 Erythrodontium squarrosum, 716 Erythroxylaceae, 271, 932 Erythroxylon amazonicum, 932 carthaginense, 932 citrifolium, 932 impressum, 932 lucidum, 932 venezuelense, 271 Eschatogramme furcata var. bicolor, 737, 754 Eschweilera tenax, 1001, 1002 Escoba, 363 Escobillo, 929 Espeletia brassicoidea var. contracta, 1149 Estoraque, 1147 Eubrachion ambiguum, 894 Eucatagonium politum, 711 Euceraea nitida, 991 Eugenia acuminatissima, 1010 amanuensis, 1010 ayacuchae, 1012 cauliftora, 1012 1202 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Eugenia caurensis, 1010 crebrifolia, 1011 Karsteniana, 1017 Llewelynii, 1011 meridensis, 1012 ptariensis, 1013 pycnantha, 1018 rondensis, 1013 tachirensis, 1014 tamaensis, 1014 tepuiensis, 1015 turumiquirensis, 1015 Eupatorieae, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1139, 1146 Eupatorium acuminatum, 1146 amygdalinum, 1134 articulatum, 631 asperulaceum, 1132, 1133 Benjamin-Lincolnii, 635 Benjamin-Lincolnii var. itacalumin- ense, 635 Benjamin-Lincolnii var. vernicosum, 635 Casaretoi, 635 compressum, 635 crassicaule, 629 crenulatum, 635 cuadrasense, 639 cuneatum, 635 cuneatum f. intermedium, 635 dendroides, 635 duidense, 630 fuscum, 1133 harvardianum, 636 ibaguense, 631, 1139 inulaefolium, 1133, 1134 iresinoides, 1139 kavanayense, 631 kleinioides, 1139 laevigatum, 1135 leptophlebium, 636 Lymansmithii, 636 monogasense, 633 myricifolium, 636 penniyenium, 636 pharcidodes var. sororopanensis, 632 pinnangense, 639 polystachyum, 635 ptaritepuiense, 631 pycnocephalum, 633, 1140 roraimense, 633 roraimense f. albisetum, 633 roupalifolium f. latifolium, 633 roupalifolium var. subintegrifolium, 636 squalidum var. subvelutinum, 1140 Steetzii, 1140, 1147 stevioides, 637 Symphyopappus, 636 Synphyopappus var. Pohlianum, 636 tepuianum, 638 tetrastichum, 636 Thurnii, 1135 tinifolium, 1147 tovarense, 639 Vargasianum, 1140 venezuelense, 639 Euphorbia cotinifolia, 953 Latazi var. glabra, 316 Euphorbiaceae, 304, 948 Euplassa Glaziovii, 217 obyersifolia, 217 saxicola, 217 venezuelana, 217 Eurhynchium clinocarpum, 715 riparipides, 715 Eustichiaceae, 706 Eustichia Spruceana, 706 Euterpe oleracea, 813 precatoria, 810 ptariana, 87 roraynae, 811 tenuiramosa, 811 Everardia duidae, 804 glaucifolia, 804 gracilis, 804 montana, 804, 805 montana var. pilosa, 54 ptariensis, 55 revoluta, 804 Steyermarkii, 55 Ewan, Joseph, 680, 986 Excremis coarctata f. alba, 153 Exochogyne amazonica var. esmerald- ensis, 53 Steyermarkii, 53 Fagara ocumarensis, 273 Faramea capillipes, 1125 Cardpnae, 574 crassifolia, 1105 Killipii, 1118 Farringtonia, 426 fasciculata, 426 Ferdinandusa Goudotiana, 1108 Fimbristylis spadicea, 792 tamaensis, 39 Fischerella ambigua, 684 thermalis, 684 Fischeria viridis, 1077 Fissicalyx Fendleri, 926 muriculatus, 697 polypodioides, 698 repandus, 697 Fissidentaceae, 697 Flacourtiaceae, 404, 990 Flor azul, 1081 de chiro, 1100 de chivo, 1117 de mayo, 881 de sangre, 1085 de tierra, 898 Forsteronia diospyrifolia, 1073, 1074 Foster, Robert C., 680, 839 INDEX 1203 Frailejoncito, 1148 Freziera candicans, 981 nervosa, 892 sericea, 982 Steyermarkii, 380 subintegrifolia, 982 Fries, Robert E., 680, 903 Frijol, 928 Fruta de paloma, 952, 954 de paloma turca, 1066 Fucaceae, 689 Fuchsia adpressipilis, 438 meridensis, 439 verrucosa var. tamaensis, 440 Funariaceae, 704 Funaria hygrometrica var. calvescens, 704 Gaiodendron punctatum var. puracense, 221 puracensis, 221 Galactia gracillima, 924 Lockhartii, 928 Galactophora crassifolia, 1073 Schomburgkiana, 1074 Galeandra Beyrichii, 848 Galieae, 1108, 1121 Gallita de monte, 1130 Gardenieae, 1104, 1110, 1117, 1124 Garitoto hembra, 890 Gaultheria alnifolia, 1050 hapalotricha, 1051 lepida, 450 odorata, 1048, 1051 Gaylussacia buxifolia, 1055 Geissanthus fragrans, 1062 Gelidiaceae, 689 Gelidium, 689 Genlisea esmeraldae, 534 roraimensis, 1095 sanariapoana, 534 Gentianaceae, 496, 1069 Gentiana nevadensis, 1072 Geonoma Barthia, 812 karuaiana, 88 vaga, 813 Geophila herbacea, 1118 trichogyne, 1111 Geraniaceae, 929 Geranium santanderiense, 929 Gesneriaceae, 520, 1092 Gigartina, 690 Gigartinaceae, 690 Gilibertia Fendleri, 1044 Gilly, Charles L., 53, 679, 803 Glandonia Williamsii, 288 Gleason, H. A., 424, 680, 1025 Gleichenia Bancroftii, 727 blepharolepis, 15 Buchtienii, 15 rubiginosa, 15 Gleicheniaceae, 722, 727, 738, 755 Gloeocapsa alpicola, 685 turgida, 685 Gloeocystis confluens, 687 Gnaphalium caeruleocanum, 639 elegans, 1136, 1142 evacoides, 644 paramorum, 1148 radians, 642 Gomidesia bonnetiasylvestris, 1016 Gomozia granadensis, 1121 Gomphicis montana, 873 valida, 873 viscosa, 861 Gongora maculata, 868 Gongylolepis Benthamiana, 1137 colombiana, 1152 maroana, 640 Martiana, 640 Gonolobus Bolivari, 1078 rostratus, 1078 Govenia reticulata, 880 Graffenrieda curta, 431 lanceolata, 432 obliqua, 1028, 1031 ovalifolia, 1031 sessilifolia, 1032 stenopetala, 1032 Gramineae, 17, 773 Grammadenia alpina, 1061 Lehmannii, 1062 ptariensis, 476 Grammitis furcata, 721 Granadilla, 1016 Gran judito, 558 Grau-rin-yek, 905 Gray, Nettie A., 679, 759 Grimmiaceae, 704 Grislea secunda, 1001 Guacamia, 985 Guaco morado, 369, 1140 Guamo, 1123 Guanabano cimarron, 905 Guarea Kunthiana, 937 mollicoma, 938 puberula, 937 Ruagea, 938 trichilioides, 937 Guaritoto bianco, 889, 890 Guatemala, 789 Guate pajarito, 895 Guatteria venezuelana, 906 Guayabito, 570, 1014, 1020 Guayabo, 1012 Guayare, 815 Guaymaro, 974 Guettarda discolor, 1117 parviflora, 1125 Pittieri, 1117 sabiceoides, 1125 Steyermarkii, 576 Steyermarkii f. latior, 578 1204 FIELDI ANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Guettardeae, 1105, 1107, 1110, 1117, 1124 Gurania cissoides, 1128 Wageneriana, 1129 Gustavia augusta, 1002 Guttiferae, 384, 983 Guzmania Altsonii, 829 confirm, 143 pleiosticha, 829 retusa, 143 Gymnogramma flexuosa, 749 hirta, 734, 749 Schomburgkiana, 734 Gymnopogon foliosa, 777 Gymnosiphon arcuatus, 843 cornutus, 844 cymosus, 844 mattogrossensis, 844 Gymnpstomum calcareum, 703 Gynerium sagittatum, 681 Habenaria caldensis, 849 entomantha, 846 parviflora, 849, 860 roraimensis, 849 strictissima var. odontopetala, 872 Habracanthus enarthrocoma, 557 Hackelia costaricensis, 1081 Halorrhagidaceae, 1042 Hamelieae, 1104, 1117, 1124 Hapalosiphon laminosus, 684 pumilus, 684 Hasseltia monagensis, 407 Havetia laurifolia var. venezuelana, 392 Havetiopsis flavida, 985, 986 Hedwigiaceae, 708 Hedyotidae, 1104, 1123 Heisteria cyanocarpa, 896 Helenieae, 1150 Heliamphora heterodoxa, 239 Heliantheae-Coreopsidinae, 1143 Heliantheae-Galinsoginae, 1132, 1134, 1137, 1144, 1150 Heliantheae-Melampodinae, 1134, 1149 Heliantheae-Millerinae, 1134 Heliantheae-Verbesininae, 1142, 1149 Heliconia Schneeana, 161 Heliotropium Ottonii, 1080, 1081 Purdiei, 1081 Helminthocladiaceae, 689 Hemidictyum marginatum, 748 Hemidiodia ocimifolia, 1127 Hemitelia amabilis, 10 dissimilis, 8 minima, 9 speciosa, 743 spectabilis, 743 Henriettea Martii, 1027 stellaris, 1036 succosa, 1036 Henrietella tovarensis, 1039 Henriquezia aturensis, 1104 Henriquezieae, 1104 Herrania lemniscata, 975 Hesperomeles heterophylla, 918 incerta, 251 lanuginosa, 919 Heteranthera zosteraefolia, 834 Heteropterys laurifolia, 943 quetepensis, 292 suberosa, 942 suberosa var. Candolleana, 943 Heteropus Jenmani, 815 Heve, 1000 Hexisia reflexa, 853 Hibiscus furcellatus, 972 Hieracium Avilae, 640, 1145 frigidum f. tamaense, 641 tovarense, 640 Hierba buena de sabana, 1084 Hieriopteris Bancroftii, 727 Hieronyma Croizatii, 317 Moritziana, 954 oblonga var. genuina, 948, 950 oblonga var. genuina f. glabra, 951 oblonga var. obtusata, 951, 955 Hillia parasitica, 1108, 1115, 1122 Himatanthus bracteata, 1075, 1076 Hippeastrum puniceum, 836 solandrifolium, 836 Hippocrateaceae, 964 Hippocratea volubilis, 965 Hiraea fagifolia, 942 tepuiensis, 293 Hirtella bullata, 917 deflexa, 255 macrophylla, 918 paniculata, 920 racemosa, 919 scabra, 917, 918 Histiopteris incisa, 735 Hoffmannia apodantha, 1117 costensis, 578 triosteoides, 1124 Hoja de luna, 1152 Holm, Richard W., 503, 680, 1077 Homalium anzoateguiensis, 410 Honday-yar-ing, 728 Hookeriaceae, 712 Hookeriopsis crispa, 713 falcata, 712 incurva, 713 ptari-tepuiensis, 5 Steyermarkii, 5 Houlletia roraimensis, 858 Huac-kuay yera-pa-yek, 1066 Huana-yaricu, 1096 Huesito bianco, 968 numero, 2, 394 Huire, 1003 Humboldtiella ferruginea, 928 Humiriaceae, 270, 931 Humiria floribunda var. montana, 931 INDEX 1205 floribunda var. subsessilis, 931 pilosa, 270 Hybanthus attenuatus, 990 Hydrangea durifolia, 915 Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum, 681 Hydrocotyle venezuelensis, 1046 Hygrophila guianensis, 1100 Hylocereus venezuelensis, 999 Hymenocallis Moritziana, 157 Hymenodium crinitum, 755 Hymenophyllaceae, 719, 724, 730, 741 Hymenophyllopsidaceae, 720, 725 Hymenophyllopsis asplenioides, 720 dejecta, 725 Hymenophyllum apiculatum, 730 ciliatum, 730 elegans, 741 farallonense, 724 Fendlerianum, 719, 730 fucoides, 730 Gollmeri, 724, 741 hirsutum, 730, 741 Karstenianum, 730, 742 Lambertianum, 724 microcarpum, 730 polyanthos, 719, 730 trichomanoides, 742 trichophyllum, 724, 730, 742 Hymenostephium viride, 641 Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, 703 Hyophila tortula, 704 Hyospathe maculata, 89 Hyparrhenia bracteata, 780, 789 Hypericum caracasanum, 987 caracasanum var. turumiquirense, 393 Cardonae, 988 ericaefolium, 393 Jahnii, 988 lancioides, 988 laricoides, 988 magniflorum, 988 meridense, 394 pseudocaracasanum, 394 tamanum, 988 uliginosum, 987 Hypnaceae, 717 Hypnea musciformis, 690 Hypnella pilifera, 713 Hypnum amabile, 717 Hypolepis guianensis, 726 hostilis, 735 Hypolytreae, 51, 798 Hypolytrum pulchrum, 798 sylvaticum, 799 tepuianum, 51 Hypopterygiaceae, 713 Hypopterygium flavescens, 713 Hypoxis decumbens var. major, 837 Hyptis arborea, 1083 capitata, 1083 colombiana, 1083 dilatata, 1083 microphylla, 1084 Icacinaceae, 341, 966 Ichnanthus acuminatus, 28 axillaris, 783 duidensis, 28 longifolius, 29 pallens, 779, 783, 787 panicoides, 774 serratus, 30 tenuis, 783, 787 Ichthyothere hirsuta, 1134 terminalis, 1134 Ilex brevicuspis, 958 culmenicola, 322 Gleasoniana, 322 Jenmani, 959 karuaiana, 323 Kunthiana f. Funckii, 961 laurina, 961 myricoides, 960 Naiguatina, 960 nervosa var. glabrata, 324 obtusata, 961 petiolaris, 958 ptariana, 324 retusa f. genuina, 959 retusa f. glabra, 959 retusa f. glaucescens, 959 retusa f. major, 960 retusa var. subepunclata, 960 Sellowi, 958 stenophylla, 325 subrotundifolia, 328 Tateana, 330 umbellata, 960 vacciniifolia, 960, 961 venezuelensis, 330 vesparum, 332 Inga bijuga, 257 multijuga, 921 myriantha, 921 Oerstediana, 922 punctata, 921 Inuleae, 1134, 1136, 1141, 1148 lonopsis utricularioides, 870 Ipomoea capillacea, 1079 congesta, 1079 melanotricha, 1079 Iriartea setigera, 810 Iridaceae, 160, 839 Irlbachia coerulescens, 1070 Isachne ligulata, 779, 784 rigens, 788 Ischaemum latifolium, 779 Ischnosiphon aruma, 841, 842 gracilis, 842 Lasseriana, 164 obliquus, 841 Isertia hypoleuca, 1110 Isocarpha glabra ta, 1149 1206 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Isochilus linearis, 857 Isoetaceae, 729 Isoetes Killipii, 729 Isolepis ambigua, 37 congesta, 37 Istu, 841 Ituf-yek, 736 Itu-yek, 14, 727 lura-ta-na-ca-ta, 234 Jacobinia venezuelica, 1099 Jacquemontia sphaerostigma, 1079 Jagua blanca, 961 Jagua-negro, 324 Jahnia meridensis, 933 Jatropha gossypifolia var. staphys- agrifolia, 956 Jenmania Goebelii, 690 Jessenia Bataua, 808 polycarpa, 808 Johnston, I. M., 511, 680, 1080 Juglandaceae, 887 Juglans columbiensis, 887 Juncillo, 807 Juncus densiflorus, 833 dichotomus, 833 involucratus, 833 marginatus var. setosus, 833 micrpcephalus, 833 tenuis f. anthelatus, 835 Jungia coarctata, 1152 reticulata, 642 Jussiaea nervosa var. typica, 1042 sedioides, 1042 suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia f. linearifolia, 1042 Justicia hylobia, 558 lamprophylla, 559 leptophylla, 560 lindaviana, 561, 1101 pectoralis, 1100 pleurolarynx, 561 pleurolarynx var. hirtella, 561, 1101 secunda, 1099, 1102 speciosa, 561 Kamar-ba-yek, 76 Karare-yek, 1036 Karoray, 917 Kawai-banada-yek, 1071 Keu-pau-rik-orai-yek, 296 Killip, E. P., 216, 680, 836, 889, 993 Klaprothia mentzelioides, 997 Kobuski, Clarence E., 380, 680, 980 Koellensteinia graminea, 846 Konok-pi-chauray, 821 Konopi-chau-lay-yek, 977 Kopo-ri-wa-rei-yek, 985 Kricha-yu-yek, 90 Kuepi-yek, 918 Kun-a-wa-lu-yek, 354 Labiatae, 1083 Lachemilla achilliaefplia, 920 aphanoides var. tripartita, 251 lycopodipides, 252 ramosissima, 920 Sprucei, 920 Lacistema aggregatum, 885, 886 Lacistemaceae, 885 Lacre, 987 Ladenbergia Lambertiana, 1106, 1108 Pittieri, 1122 Lagenanthus princeps, 1072 Lagenocarpeae, 803 Lagenocarpus, 803 bifidus, 56 diffusus, 56 glomeratus, 57 guianensis, 804 rigidus, 805 sabanensis, 57 Sprucei, 805 Steyermarkii, 58 tremulus, 806 Lagunero, 982 Lampacillo, 982 Laplacea fruticosa, 982 fruticosa var. symplocoides, 982 pubescens var. camelliaefolia, 982 Lasiacis procerrima, 787 sorghoidea, 788 Laurelito, 1040 Laurembergia tetrandra, 1042 Laurencia, 690 Lau-yek, 1047 Leandra chaetodon, 1028 edentula, 434 polyadena, 1032 secundiflora, 1032 stellipila, 435 Leathesia, 688 Lechoso, 996 Lecythidaceae, 1001 Lecythis karuaiensis, 422 Ledenbergia seguierioides, 898 Ledothamnus guyanensis, 1050 parviflorus, 1038, 1048 Steyermarkii, 451 Leguminosae, 256, 921 Leiomela bartramioides, 706 Leiothrix flavescens, 824 Steyermarkii, 118 umbra tilis, 119 Leiphaimos aphylla, 1069, 1070 Lembophyllaceae, 712 Lentibulariaceae, 534, 1095 Leonard, E. C., 553, 680, 1099 Leopoldinia Piassaba, 810 Lepanthes aquila Borussiae, 876 duidensis, 852 exilis, 178 rotundifolia, 863 INDEX 1207 Lepechinia bullata, 1084 salviaefolia, 1085 Lepidopilum Mulleri, 713 Steyermarkii, 6 Leptocorypheum lanatum, 777, 782 Leptodictyum riparium, 715 Leptodontium filescens, 704 subgracile, 704 Leptogium azureum, 691 coralloideum, 691 Tuckermani, 691 vesciculosum, 691 Leptotheca costaricensis, 707 Leptotrema monosporium, 690 Leskeaceae, 714 Leucobryaceae, 700 Leucobryum albicans, 701 antillarum, 701 crispum, 702 gigsnteum, 701 Martinianum, 702 Polakowskyi, 701 Leucocarpus perfoliatus, 1087 Leucomiaceae, 713 Leucomium attenuatum, 713 Leucothoe albiflora, 1052 Liabum asclepiadeura, 1150 megacephalum, 1144 meridense, 1151 volubile, 1151 Licania aperta, 917 heteromorpha, 919 kuntzeana, 919 lasseri, 253 micrantha, 918 parviflora, var. conduplicata, 253 parviflora var. submembranacea, 254 Steyermarkii, 254 subrotundata, 255 Lichens, 690 Lightia guianensis, 939 Liliaceae, 153, 835 Limosella acaulis, 1088 Linaceae, 931 Lindernia brachyphylla, 519 Crustacea, 1086 diffusa, 1086 Lindmania guianensis, 828 Lindsaea coriifolia, 733 falcata, 733, 746 Feei, 721, 733 guianensis, 721, 733 lancea, 746 Parkeri, 733 reniformis, 733 stricta, 734, 746 tenuis, 734 Linociera caribaea, 1067 Liparis cardiophylla, 865 elata, 853 Lipocarpha Sellowiana, 799 Lippia origanoides, 1082 Lirio bianco, 836 Lisianthus alatus, 1071 angustifolius, 1070 campanuloides, 1069 Cardonae, 498, 1071 chelonoides, 1071 pratensis, 1069 pyriformis, 498 ramosissimus, 496 recuryus, 496 scabridulus, 496 subcordatus, 496, 1069 Tatei, 498 Llagunoa venezuelana, 347 Llanten, 1102 Loasaceae, 412, 497 Lobaria corrosa, 691 Fendleri, 691 Lobelia rupestris, 1131 Lobeliaceae, 1130 Lockhartia elegans, 871 latilabris, 200 Loganiaceae, 1068 Lombrizero, 1069 Lonchitis Lindeniana, 735 Lophosoria quadripinnata, 744 Loranthaceae, 221, 893 Loranthiis orinocensis, 224 puracensis, 221 Loreya mespiloides, 1039 Lucilia radians, 642, 1136 venezuelensis, 644 Lucuma rigida, 483 Ludwigia palustris var. nana, 1042 Lugar de despoblado de monte, 728 Lundia erionema, 1089 Luta-yek, 984 Luziola bahiensis, 777, 781 Lycopodiaceae, 723, 728, 740, 755 Lycopodium alopecuroides var. integer- rimum, 723, 755 aqualupianum, 756 caracasicum, 756 carolinianum var. meridionale, 723, 728 clavatum, 740, 756 complanatum, var. tropicum, 756 duidae, 723, 740 Eichleri, 728 iuliforme, 728 Jussiaei, 756 passerinoides, 740, 756 perdulinum, 757 reflexum, 728, 740, 757 roraimense, 728, 757 Tatei, 728 Lycoseris intermedia, 1152 latifolia, 1152 Lyngbya aestuorii, 681 Lythraceae, 420, 1000 Lythrum maritimum, 1001 1208 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Mabea lucida, 954 piriri, 951 Schomburgkii, 948 subsessilis, 951 Macaguete, 1011 Macairea aspera, 1030 parvifolia, 1030 rigida, 1028 • scabra, 1025 Macarai-yek, 254 Macara-yek, 917, 918 McClure, F. A., 17, 679 Machaerium acuminatum, 926 angustifolium, 926 floribundum, 926 Kegelii, 926 Moritzianum, 927 quinatum, 925 Seemanii, 927 tovarense, 927 Macrocarpaea cerronis, 498 salicifolia, 498 tepuiensis, 498 viscosa, 1072 Macrocentrum droseroides, 1032 minus, 432 Macromitrium hymenostomum, 707 stellutatum, 707 ulophyllum, 707 Macropharynx strigillosa, 499 Macumi, 903 McVaugh, Rogers, 680, 1130 Magnolia ptaritepuiana, 233 roraimae, 234 Magnoliaceae, 233, 903 Maguire, Bassett, 251, 680, 917 Mahaguilla, 904 Mahurea exstipulata, 985 sororopantepuiana, 395 Maican, 794 Mai-can-pami-yek, 1006 Maicillo, 1065 Maieta guianesis, 1027, 1035 Poeppigii, 1035 Majagua, 904, 906 Majaguilla, 975 Malachra alceifolia, 973 Malanea Duckei, 1105 gabrielensis, 1110 microphylla, 582 sarmentosa, 1107, 1110 Malaxis Maguirei, 847 Malojillo, 802 Malpighiaceae, 280, 939 Malva de monte, 1145 Malva pica, 1145 Malvaceae, 362, 972 Mameycillo, 1061 Mamure, 815 Mamurillo, 817, 819 Manaca-si-yek, 87 Manaik-choro-yek, 1075 Manare, 842 Manase-yek, 1110 Mandevilla Benthamii, 1075 caurensis, 1075 duidae, 500 Fendleri, 1076 hirsuta, 1074, 1075, 1076 lancibracteata, 500 leptophylla, 1075 pachyphylla, 501 rugosa, 1075 scaberula, 1074, 1075 Steyermarkii, 502 subcarnosa, 1075 subspicata, 1073 veraguasensis, 1077 Manettia meridensis, 1115 Schumanniana, 1122 Manga-yek, 918 Mangle, 1100, 1120 Manilkara bidentata, 1063 Mano-de-leon, 908 Manteca Colorado, 462 negra, 381 Manteco, 1062 Mantequilla, 1060 Manzanillon, 1081 Maprounea guianensis, 952 Mapurito, 892 Maquenilla, 72 Marantaceae, 161, 841 Maranta lutea, 843 Marcetia juniperina, 1027 taxifolia, 1030, 1037 Marcgraviaceae, 378, 978 Marcgravia roraimense, 978 sororopaniana, 378 trianae, 979 Marfil, 956 bianco, 956 Mari-mari-yek, 453 Maripa-yen-ya-pupeu-yek, 925 Martinica, 1060 Marua-yek, 272 Masdevallia ensata, 875 picturata, 851 Mata de peces, 1134 Matapalo, 896 Matayba guianensis, 968 longipes, 968 opaca, 966 ptariana, 350 reducta, 351 sororopaniana, 352 tovarensis, 968 venezuelana, 353 Matelea albiflora, 1078 fucata, 510 mediocris, 510 Mathias, Mildred, 445, 680, 1045 Matisia samariensis, 974 Maura-yek, 936 INDEX 1209 Mauritia aculeata, 810, 812 flexuosa var. venezuelana, 90 Maxillaria alba, 869 alticola, 880 attenuata, 858 aurea var. gigamtea, 859 brunnea, 859 Camaridii, 869 condensata, 194 Connellii, 859, 869 graminifolia, 880 Jenischiana, 880 meridensis, 848, 859 patula, 197 purpurea, 870 Quelchii, 846 serrulata, 880 valenzuelana, 870, 880 xantholeuca, 848, 859 Maximiliana regia, 809 Maytenus apiculata, 334 coriacea, 337 guianensis, 962, 963 guianensis f. crenulata, 338 Karstenii, 963 parvifolia, 338 Pittieriana, 338 tetragona, 963 Mecla, 289 Melasma strictum, 1086 Melastomaceae, 424, 1025 Meliaceae, 278, 936 Meliosma dentata, 970 Herbertii, 970 meridensis, 970 Pittieriana, 354 Melochia caracasana, 975 graminifolia, 974 Humboldtiana, 365 macrophylla, 975 Melothria heteroloba, 1129 Mendoncia albiflora, 561 leucantha, 562 Sprucei, 1100 toyarensis, 563, 1102 Menispermaceae, 902 Mentzelia Fendleriana, 997 Menurito, 1000 Meriania grandidens, 1039 sclerophylla, 1031 Steyermarkii, 430 urceolata, 1031 Merismopedia tranquilla, 685 Merremia aturensis, 1079 Mertensia pennigera, 14 Schomburgkiana, 16 velata, 15 Mese-yek, 922 Mesosetum rottboelioides, 774, 782 Mesotagma laxum, 842 Metari-yek, 925 Metastelma mirifolium, 507 parviflorum, 1078 strictum, 508 tomentosum, 509 Meteoriaceae, 709 Meteoriopsis patula, 711 remotifolia, 710 remotifolia var. robusta, 5 Meyer, Fred W., 680 Miconia acutifolia, 1033 aguitensis, 1027 alata, 1033 albicans, 1033 apiostachya, 1034 argyrophylla, 1034, 1038 Chamissois, 1029 chionophylla, 1041 chrysophylla, 1026, 1034 ciliata, 1029, 1034 dodecandra, 1028, 1033, 1037 dolichopoda, 1038 guianensis, 1037 holosericea, 1028 hypoleuca, 1034 larensis, 436 lonchophylla, 1040 longifolia, 1029 lucida, 1040 megaphylla, 1037 nervosa, 1038, 1040 nitidissima, 1041 pachypoda, 435 prasina, 1034 puberula, 1026 rubigenosa, 1034 rufescens, 1026 rupestris, 1041 septuplinervis, 1038 silicicola, 1033 smaragdina, 1040 stenostachya, 1040 stephananthera, 1027, 1029, 1034 Steyermarkii, 425, 435 superba, 1033 theaezans, 1038 tinifolia, 1035 tomentosa, 1033, 1040 virescens, 1038 yirgulata, 1034 Micrandra glabra, 952 Microcoleus acutissimus, 681 paludosus, 681 Microlicia bryanthoides, 1027 cordigera var. andicola, 1030 Micropholis chrysophylloides, 1065 Steyermarkii, 481 venulosa, 1063 Mikania Almagroei, 654 antioquiensis, 654 anlioquiensis var subcuneata, 654 anzoatiguensis, 662 auyantepuensis var. brevipedicellata, 648 1210 FIELDIANA: BOTANY,. VOLUME 28 Mikania Banisteriae, 648, 654 Banisteriae f. lanuginosa, 656 Banisteriae f. Lehmanniana, 657 Banisteriae yar. monagasensis, 658 bergantinensis, 648, 658 bolivarensis, 1135 canaguensis, 648, 656 caudala, 656 cordifolia, 1140 cordifolia var. tomentosa, 1135 cryptodonta, 662 ferruginea, 657 Hookeriana var. crassicaulis, 658 Hookeriana var. platyphyllis, 659, 1140, 1147 Karsteniana, 654 karuaiensis, 1135 kavanayensis, 648, 654 lanuginosa, 656 larensis, 661 lucida, 659, 1135 lucida f. hirticaulis, 659 meridana, 648, 658 micrantha, 1133 molinensis, 648, 654 monagasensis, 648, 658 onaiensis, 648, 656 pannosa, 1135 Phelpsii, 659, 1135 plaritepuiensis, 648, 654 racemulosa, 660, 1136 Robinsoniana, 660 Ruiziana, 656 Ruiziana var. Lehmanniana, 657 sanjacintensis, 659 scabra, 660, 1135 stictophpra, 660 Stuebelii var. larensis, 661 viscosa, 636 vitifolia f. cryptodonta, 662 vitraea, 1141 Mika-warei-yek, 1035 Mike-yek, 1035 Mimisa-yek, 1063 Mimosoideae, 256, 921 Minchu-warei-yek, 986 Minquartia guianensis, 896 Minthostachys mollis, 1084 Mittenothamnium Lehmannii, 717 reptans, 717 Mniaceae, 706 Mnium rostratum, 706 Moi-ye-kai-yek, 78 Moldenke, H. N., 114, 512, 680, 823, 902, 1082 Mollinedia macrantha, 907 ptariensis, 235 roraimensis, 236 Monachino, Joseph, 480, 680, 1062 Monimiaceae, 235, 907 Monnina aestuans, 947 Monochaetum Bonplandii, 1031 discolor, 1039 hirtum, 1037 Humboldtianum, 1039 venosum, 1039 Monotagma duidae, 164 spicatum, 842, 843 Monstera dilacerata, 820 Moritziana, 819 Parkeriana, 816 pertusa var. Jacquinii, 818 Sagotiana, 818 Snethlagei, 818 Monte de agua, 832, 997, 998 Moore, H. E. Jr., 680, 929 Moraceae, 210, 887 Morada, 924 Moriche, 90 Mormodes Cartonii, 868 Moronobea ptaritepuiana, 395, 397 Moro-yek, 1134 Morton, C. V., 7, 520, 679, 719, 1092 Morus insignis, 889 Mougeotia caracasana, 975 Mouriri nervosa, 1036 rhizophpraefolia, 1041 Moy-ye-ki-yek, 80 Muehlenbeckia volcanica, 898 Muramu, 848 Murmura, 848 Musaceae, 161, 840 Musci, 4, 695 Mussaendeae, 1107, 1109, 1116 Mustare-yek, 925 Mutisieae, 1132, 1137, 1145, 1152 Mutube-yek, 1036 Myrcia aguitensis, 1017 bracteata, 1017 cucullata, 1018 deflexa, 1017 Gollmeriana, 1018 hirtellaefolia, 1017 Karsteniana, 1017 mollis, 1018 prunifolia, 1008 pycnantha, 1018 roraimae, 1007 sanisidrensis, 1018 sororopanensis, 1019 tepuiensis, 1019 tovarensis, 1010 Myrciaria caurensis, 1020 Myrica arguta, 886 caracasana, 816 parvifolia var. longipedunculata, 886 pubescens, 886 Myricaceae, 886 Myriocarpa stipitata, 889 Myriocladus, 17, 34 Cardonae, 35 virgatus, 34 Myristicaceae, 906 INDEX 1211 Myrmidone lanceolata, 1026 macrosperma, 1027 Myrsinaceae, 454, 1057 Myrtaceae, 1003 Myrtus myricoides, 1020 myricoides var. roraimensis, 1022 myricoides var. stenophylla, 1022 myricoides var. turumiquirensis, 1022 oxycoccoides, 1022 roraimensis, 1021, 1022 stenophylla, 1021, 1022 Najadaceae, 773 Najas conferta, 773 Name de monte, 848 Naranjillo, 933 Naucleae, 1114, 1122 Navia aurea, 145 duidae var. glabrior, 145 glauca, 145 Steyermarkii, 146 xyridifolia, 147 Neckeraceae, 711 Neckera Jamesoni, 711 Negrito, 1146 Nematopogon laurifoUus, 1088 Neohypnella chrysophyllopodia, 713 Nephrodium brachypodum, 10 Nephrolepis cordifolia, 733, 746 exaltata, 733 pectinata, 746 pendula, 746 rivularis, 733 Neptunia prostrata, 922 Neriacanthus nitidus, 563 Neurolaena lobata, 1145 New groups, summary of, 1188-1190 Nietneria corymbosa, 835 paniculata, 153 Nigua, 942 Niphogeton angustisecta, 1046 dissecta var. dissecta, 1046 Nogal, 887 Norantea anomela, 978 Nostocaceae, 685 Nostoc commune, 685 microscopicum, 685 verrucosum, 685 Notopora Schomburgkii, 1053 Novelties, list of, 1153-1187 Nu-san-ton, 1097 Nymphaea blanda var. fenzliana, 900 Nymphaeaceae, 900 Ochnaceae, 369, 977 Ochoterinaea colombiana, 957 Ochrobryum Gardnerianum, 700 Ochroma Lagopus, 974 Ochthocosmos Barrae, 931 Octoblepharum Mittenii, 701 Octomeria, 853 rhizomatosa, 188 O'Donell, Carlos, 1079 Odontoglossum Andersonianum, 880 aureopurpureum, 881 Oedematopus ptaritepuiensis, 398 Oenocarpus Bacaba, 809 distichus, 812 Olacaceae, 896 Oldenlandia corymbosa, 1104 herbacea, 1124 Oleaceae, 1067 Oleandra duidae, 721 Lehmannii, 732 pilosa, 732 Oliganthes roraimensis, 662 triflora, 1138 vernonioides, 1138 Olivo, 1065 montanero, 490 Olmedia rigida, 215 Olmediophaena coriacea, 888 Olyra cordifolia, 788 lateralis, 784 longifolia, 775 micrantha, 774, 779 Onagraceae, 438, 1042 Oncidium diffusum, 199 glossomystax, 870 nigratum, 860 obryzatum, 870 Sprucei, 871 superbum, 881 Oncoslylis junciformis 5 congesta, 37 Onotillo, 359 Oocystaceae, 686 Opa-yek, 923 Ophioglossaceae, 729, 757, 758 Ophioglossum ellipticum, 729 petiolatum, 758 reticulatum, 758 Oplismenus hirtellus, 788 Orchidaceae, 167, 845 Oreganillo, 1084 Oregano montanero, 1084 Oreopanax capitatus, 1043 capitatus var. minor, 442 chryspleucum, 1044 Jahnii, 444 lancifolium, 1044 meridense, 444 reticulatus, 1044 venezuelense, 442 Ormosia costulata, 925 monosperma, 926 paraensis, 925 Ornithidium Jenischianum, 880 serrulatum, 880 vestitum, 870 Ornithocephalus gladiatus, 871 Oropogon loxensis var. atroalbicans, 694 1212 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Oro-yan-tumeupa, 1135 Orthaea crinita, 452 Orthiopteris domingensis, 746 inaequalis, 746 Orthostichidium excavatum, 709 Orthostichopsis tetragona, 709 Orthotrichaceae, 707 Oryctanthus spicatus, 896 Oscillatoriaceae, 681 Oscillatoria chalybea, 681 Osmunda bipinnata, 739 cinnamomea, 739, 755 Osmundaceae, 739, 755 Osteomeles incerta, 251 Otopappus simplex, 1149 Otostylis brachystalix, 858 Ouratea duidae, 369 Grosourdyi, 370 praecox, 370 ptaritepuiensis, 370 Tatei, 977 venezuelensis, 370 Oxalidaceae, 929 Oxalis latifolia, 929 Martiana, 929 medicaginea, 930 pentantha, 929, 930 rhombifolia, 929, 930 sepium, 929 Oxypetalum proboscidium, 1079 Oxythece rigida, 483, 1063 rigidopsis, 483 robusta var. brevipetiolata, 486 scrobiculata, 485 Oyedaea Blakeana, 663 maculata, 1142 obovata, 1149 verbesinoides var. glabrior, 664 verbesinoides var. hypomalaca, 664 Pachyphyllum Pastii, 871 Padina, 688 Paepalanthus capillaceus, 825 convexus, 825 pauper, 824 perplexans, 120 roraimensis, 121 scopulorum, 122 squamiliferus, 124 Steyermarkii, 125 subtilis, 824, 825 Paesia acclivis var. polystichoides, 13 Pagaea Poeppigii, 496 recurva, 496 subcordata, 496 Pagamea anisophylla, 584 auyantepuiensis, 584 capitata, 1111 duidana, 586 pauciflora, 588 spadicea, 1105 Standleyana, 589 Steyermarkii, 589 thyrsiflora, 1112 Paja del Rfo, 788 Pajarita, 465 Pajarito, 877 Pajilla de montana, 67 Palicourea anacardifolia, 1125 angustifolia, 1118 Chimo, 591 crocea, 1112 Fendleri, 1112, 1125 macrobotrys, 1105 macrophylla, 1108, 1126 obtusata, 1112 perquadrangularis, 1119 tachirensis, 593 Palipol, 751 Palmae, 71, 808 Palo amarillo, 411 de hacha, 397 de tacamajaca, 935 duro, 362 negro, 1081 rejo, 1000 Pancratium Moritzianum, 157 Pandarai-yek, 951 Pandara-yek, 951 Panicum curvifolium, 775 cyanescens, 774, 778, 783 densifolium, 25 eligulatum, 779 glutinosum, 783, 787 Kappleri, 774, 778 Mauryi, 26 micranthus var. hirtum, 26 olyroides, 779 pandum, 783 pantrichum, 783 parvifolium, 778 pilatum, 26 polycomum, 775, 782 Rudgei, 774, 778 Sellowii, 787 stenodoides, 778 Tatei, 783 tremulosum, 787 tropidoblephare, 783 vinaceum, 27 Panf-yaricu, 728 Panopsis ptariana, 218 sessilifolia, 891 suaveolens, 891, 893 tepuiana, 219 Papa de monte, 837 Papaveraceae, 908 Papilionideae, 260, 924 Papillaria nigrescens, 710 Para-ma-yek, 220 Paramansoa Grosourdyana, 1091 Paramo de montana, 1051 Paramo-yek, 1064 Para-para, 968, 969 INDEX 1213 Parasita, 854 Parcha, 995, 996 de monte, 993 Pariana vulgaris, 775 Pari-ca-guac ariskfi, 945 Parik-yek, 984 Parmeliaceae, 694 Parmelia hypotropa var. imperialis, 694 Paspalum aureolatum, 22 contractum, 778 decumbens, 782 erectifolium, 22 gossipinum, 778 hyalinum, 774, 778, 782 pectinatum, 778 piligerum, 24 plicatulum var. longipilum, 787 Passiflora auriculata, 993, 994 bicuspidata, 996 bogotensis, 995 bracteosa, 996 Cardonae, 993, 994 coccinea, 994 edulis, 996 foetida var. hispida, 995 fuchsiiflora, 993 laurifolia, 995 longiracemosa, 993, 994 mixta, 995 retipetala, 994 sclerophylla, 994 serrulata, 996 suberosa, 996 tuberosa, 995 Passifloraceae, 993 Pasto Cubano, 789 Pauhui montanero, 1064 Paullinia arenicola, 966 Hitchcockii, 967 mollicoma, 353 pachycarpa, 967 venezuelana, 969 Pau-me-yek, 1043 Pavonia speciosa, 973 speciosa subsp. genuina var. Host- manni, 973 Pectis prostrata, 1150 venezuelensis, 666 Pega pega, 1047, 1144 Pegadera, 1081 Pejoa, 1051 Pejua, 1051 Pellaea pinnata, 735 Pelo de acuris, 913 Peltigeraceae, 692 Peltigera dolichorhiza, 692 Peltogyne porphyrocardia, 924 Pelucita, 889 Pendare, 1063 Pennell, F. W., 516, 680, 1086 Peonilla, 925 Peonillo chiquito, 928 Peperomia acuminata, 881, 882 adscendens, 883 alata, 881, 882, 883 angustata, 889 choroniana, 884 decurrens, 883 duidana, 882 galioides, 881, 883 hispidula, 884 Kunthiana, 884 macrostachya, 883 maculosa, 883 obtusifolia, 884 omnicola, 882 peltoidea, 885 pyrifolia, 885 reflexa, 882 Steyermarkii, 204 trinervula, 882, 884, 885 Pepino, 1129 Pera bicolor, 952 Perama dichotoma, 1106, 1114 galioides, 1114 hirsuta, 1105 Perdiguero, 1124 Pereilema Beyrichianum, 786 Perejilleto, 1046 Periquito, 992 Peritassa pruinosa, 964 Pernettya marginata, 1048 Perrottetia racemosa, 963 Perumata, 272 Peru-yek, 932, 962, 977 Peurauyek, 781 Phaeosphaerion persicariaefolium, 834 pseudomonosperma, 152 Pharus glaber, 788 latifolius, 788 parvifolius, 788 virescens, 775 Phenax hirtus, 890 Philodendron duidae, 96 Englereanum, 96 Karstenianum, 819 Krauseanum, 98 Linnaei, 815 Mischlerianum, 815 nobile, 815, 816 propinquum, 820 ptarianum, 99 roraimae, 817 Williamsii, 99 Phinney, Harold, 679, 688 Phoradendron caracasanum, 895 crassifplium, 894 emarginatum, 895 karuaianum, 222 macrophyllum, 223 paradoxum, 895 piperoides, 895 ptarianum, 222 quadrangulare, 894 1214 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Phoradendron racemosum, 894, 895 tepuianum, 223 tubulosum, 895 Uleanum, 223 Phormidium autumnale, 681 incrustatum, 681 tenue, 681 treleasei, 681 Phragmipedium Klotzschianum, 849 Lindleyanum, 849 Phthirusa adunca var. orinocensis, 224 orinocensis, 224 roraimensis, 224 Phyllanthus bolivarensis, 317 Croizatii, 317 larensis, 318 majus, 318 micrandrus, 954, 956 Niruri, 949 orinocensis, 321 salviaefolius var. floribundus, 956 zanthoxyloides, 321 Phyllocactus Hookeri, 999 Phyllogoniaceae, 711 Phyllostylon brasiliensis, 887 rhamnoides, 887 Physalinum monile, 688 Physciaceae, 695 Physurus procerus, 862 Phytolaccaceae, 898 Phytolacca rivinoides, 898 Picaton, 101, 816, 1104 Pica pica, 953 Picramnia caracasana, 934 caracasana f. tomentella, 274 platystachya, 933 tristamina, 275 villosa, 935 Picto, 872 Pijoa, 1051 Pilea alsinifolia, 890 carnulosa, 890 Lindeniana, 890 losensis, 891 rhombea, 890 succulenta, 216 Tatei, 890 venosa, 216 Pilopogon gracilis, 700 PiloseUa tovarensis, 640 Pilotrichella flexilis, 710 viridis, 710 Pinguicula diversifolia, 1098 Pionia montanero, 926 Piperaceae, 204, 881 Piper aduncum, 882 Arbelaezii var. subglabrirameum, 204 arboreum, 884 avellanum, 881 bolivaranum, 205 demararanum, 882 el-paramoense, 205 glabrescens, 884 grande, 885 monagasense, 206 oparumaense, 206 perlongivillosum, 207 Steyermarkii, 207 subalpinum, 208 tristemon, 885 tuberculatum var. minus, 884 Piptocarpha kavanayensis, 666 polycephala, 666 Sprucei, 1138 venezuelensis, 1146 Pira georgen, 662 Pir-boi-yek, 979 Pirboi-yek, 378 Piriqueta cistoides, 993 Pitajaya, 999 montaiiera, 999 Pitcairnia cinerea, 149 maidifolia, 628 tuberculata, 149 Pitcairnioideae, 828 Pithecolobium bijugatum, 258 collinum, 922 ferrugineum, 921, 922 racemosum, 921 sabanensis, 258 subaquaticum, 259 villiferum, 922 Pito-pito, 787 Pityrogramma calomelanos, 749 tartarea, 734 Plantaginaceae, 1102 Plantago leucophylla, 1102 rigida, 1103 Platanillo, 942 Platycarpum orinocense, 1104 Plectonema Nostocorum, 682 purpureum, 682 terebrans, 682 Pleuropus Bonplandii, 715 Pleurothallis aurea, 876 Broadwayi, 852 callifera, 180 calyptrostele, 863 camenensis, 863 coriacardia, 864, 876 exilis, 183 Ghiesbreghtiana, 864 humilis, 185 incurva, 876 intricata, 876 lanceolata, 876 leptopetala, 864 pedunculata, 877 plumosa, 864 propinqua, 877 roraimensis, 852, 877 ruscifolia, 864 semipellucida, 852 INDEX 1215 semiscabra, 877 semperflorens, 865 Smithiana, 877 stenopetala, 852, 877 Steyermarkii, 185 subtilis, 188 uncinata, 852 vaginata, 853 velaticaulis, 865 Wilsonii, 853 zephyrina, 878 Plinia fruticosa, 1023 Pluchea amorifera, 1142 purpurascens, 1142 Plumeria pudica, 10*76 Podocarpus Harmsianus, 761 magnifolius, 765 montanus var. meridensis, 763 oleifolius var. macrostachyus, 769 oleifolius var. trujillensis, 769 pendulifolius, 769 Pittieri, 763 roraimae, 771 Rospigliosii, 760 Steyermarkii, 765 tepuiensis, 771 Poecilandra pumila, 371 retusa, 977 sclerophylla, 977 Pogonatum purpurascens, 718 semipellucidum, 718 Pogonia, 845 divaricata, 846 macrophyllus, 846 monantha, 850 stricta, 167 triflora, 169 unifoliata, 171 Pohlia spectabilis, 705 Poi-noi-yek, 985 Pollalesta vernonioides, 1138 Polybotrya crassa, 13 Polycycnis surinamensis, 846 Polygala adenophora, 944, 946 adenophora subvar. gracilis, 944 appressa, 946 appressa var. kavanayena, 298 Blakeana, 298 bryzoides, 300 Fendleri, 944 glochidiata, 947 longicaulis, 944 micrpspora, 944, 945 mollis, 300 monticola, 300, 945, 947 monticola var. bryzoides, 300 paniculata, 945 retifera, 946 sanariapoana, 301 santanderensis, 301 savannarum, 944 spectabilis, 945 subsecunda, 947 subtilis, 946 Timoutou, 946 Polygalaceae, 298, 944 Polygonaceae, 898 Polymnia meridensis, 667 Polypodiaceae, 10, 720, 725, 732, 744 Polypodium anfractuosum, 726 angustifolium, 751 asplenifolium 726, 735 aureum, 735, 751 bombycinum, 736 ciliatum, 751 consimile, 721 crassifolium, 752 cultratum, 736, 752 decumanum, 753 dicranophyllum, 721, 736 discolor, 726 duale, 736, 752 fasciale, 752 fraxinifolium, 736 Funckii, 752 haplophlebicum, 721 Kalbreyeri, 736 lanceolatum, 736, 752 lasiopus, 736 leucatomos, 753 leucosporum, 753 loriceum, 736 lycopodioides, 737 megalophyllum, 721 meri dense, 753 monilifprme, 753 Moritzianum, 753 pectinatum, 737, 753 pilosissimum, 737 platylobum, 13 polypodioides var. Burchellii, 753 repens, 753 reptans, 12 subsessile, 737 taenifolium, 737 taxifolium, 727 thyssanolepis, 754 xanthotrichium, 727 Polystachya nana, 848 Polystichum muricatum, 745 osmundacea, 745 Polytrichaceae, 718 Polytrichum commune, 718 juniperinum, 718 Pone-yek, 1043 Po-ni-dik, 1043 Pontederiaceae, 834 Ponthieva, 847 racemosa, 862 Poroika, 994 Poroika-yek, 994 Porotrichum fasciculatum, 711 plicatulum, 711 Porphyrosiphon Notarisii, 682 1216 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Posoqueria latifolia, 1124 Pottiaceae, 703 Poulsenia armata, 888 Pourouma aspera, 888 Cucura, 211 guyanensis, 888 Steyermarkii, 210 subplicata, 888 Pouteria anibaefolia, 1064 Baehniana, 486 caimito var. strigosa, 487 carabobensis, 1065 cayennensis, 1064 guyanensis, 1064, 1065 scytalophora, 1064 simulans, 488 Poyde-yek, 981 Prebok-yek, 975 Prepo-yek, 975 Prescottia carnosa, 173 oligantha, 851, 862 stachyodes, 847, 862, 873 Prestonia Brittonii, 1076 mucronata, 1077 surinamensis, 1077 Pringa moza, 412 Prionodon densus, 708 lycopodium, 709 Prionodontaceae, 708 Prionostemma aspera, 965 Proteaceae, 217, 891 Protium decandrum, 935 guianense, 935 heptaphyllum, 936 neglectum, 936 ptarianum, 275 ptarianum var. angustior, 276 puberulenta, 276 Prunella vulgaris, 1085 Prunus sphaerocarpa, 918, 919 Psammisia guianensis, 1052, 1053 Hookeriana, 1055 Pseudocyphellaria aurata, 692 Pseudoeverardia, 59 flexifolia, 59 Pseudolmedia lanceolata, 889 rigida, 215 Psilochilus macrophyllus, 846, 872 Psychotria alba, 1119 arenaria, 594 Aschersoniana, 1126 atabapoensis, 1106 avia, 596 axillaris, 1108 Blakei, 596 brachiata, 1126 cacuminis, 1112 campylopoda, 1112 canaguensis, 597 capitata, 1119, 1126 chlorantha, 1112 chondroloma, 1106 concinna, 1112 costularia, 1126 crassa, 1112 cubitalis, 598 cuspidata, 1105, 1113 duricoria, 599 Eggersii, 1119 erecta, 1108, 1113 fortuita, 1119, 1126 grandis, 1120 heterocarpa, 600 Hoffmanseggiana, 1113 horizontalis, 1120 hyptoides, 1106 involucrata, 1113 kukenanensis, 601 limonensis, 1127 longirostris, 1127 microbotrys, 1106 officinalis, 1113, 1120 parasitica, 1120 patens, 1105 patria, 601 paupertina, 603 phaneroloma, 604 ptariensis, 604 racemifera, 1113 sancti-caroli, 1113 sororopanensis, 605 spadicea, 1105 speluncae, 606 Standleyana, 607 stenopetala, 610 tamaensis, 607 uberta, 608 uliginosa, 1113, 1120 ventuariana, 609 Psychotrieae, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1111, 1118, 1125 Pterichis galeata, 873 Pteridium aquilinum var. caudatum, 721 Pteridophyta, 7, 719 Pteris biaurita, 750 Fraseri, 721 podophylla, 751 Pterobesleria, 532 rosea, 532 Pterobryaceae, 709 Pterocarpus heterophyllus, 926 magnicarpa, 261 Rohrii var. rubiginosa, 261 Pterocaulon virgatum, 1134, 1142 Pterolepis glomerata, 1030, 1036 Pterozonium, 726 Puiggariella aurifolia, 717 Punta real blanca, 1125 Puru-a-yek, 84 Purvio Colorado, 1065 negro, 1065 Puya floccosa, 829 INDEX 1217 Pyrenoglyphis major, 813 Pyrenopsidaceae, 690 Qualea ferruginea, 295 Quararibea Steyermarkii, 363 Quassia amara, 935 Quelchia Cardonae, 670 Quesito bianco, 889 Quiebra quiebra, 1141 Quiinaceae, 979 Quiina pteridophylla, 979 Quina, 1122 blanca, 571 negra, 1125 tuna, 1122 Quindu-lasso, 982 tambor, 982 Quinon, 1123 Quita-pau-yek, 1030 Rabo de angelito, 1081 de iguana, 969 Raddiella nana, 775, 776, 779 Raimondia tenuiflora, 904 Ramalina Usnea, 694 Randia aculeata, 1124 formosa, 1124 Ranunculaceae, 230, 900 Ranunculus limoselloides, 900 limoselloides var. Mandonianus, 230 limoselloides f. minor, 232 Mandonianus, 230 Mandonianus f. minor, 232 nubigenus, 900 nubigenus f. subintegrus, 232 praemorsus, 900 Rapanea ferruginea, 1059 guyanensis, 1059, 1061 guyanensis var. andicola, 1062 minima, 477 resinosa, 1059 reticulata, 477 roraimensis, 1060 Rapateaceae, 130, 826 Rapatea Spruceana, 826 Steyermarkii, 130 Rauia subcatenulata, 714 Rauwolfia Steyermarkii, 502 Ravenala guianensis, 840 Ravinea ruellioides var. ptariana, 273 Relbunium hypocarpium, 1108, 1121 Rema, 947 Remijia firmula, 1103 laevifolia, 1106 longifolia, 1103 roraimae, 1109 Steyermarkii, 612 Ulei, 1103 Renealmia geostachys, 841 humilis, 840 thyrsoidea, 841 Repollo de montana, 914 Resfriado sabanero, 802 Retiniphylleae, 1104, 1106, 1110 Retiniphyllum concolor, 1106 erythranthum, 1110 laxiflorum, 1110 truncatum, 1104 Reventillo, 305 Rhabdoweisia fugax var. tenerrima, 700 Rhacocarpus cuspidatulus, 708 Humboldtii, 708 Rhacomitrium crispilum, 704 Rhacopilaceae, 708 Rhacopilum tomentosum, 708 Rhamnaceae, 355, 970 Rhamnus Goudotiana, 971 Lindeniana, 972 pubescens var. glabrescens, 971 surinamensis, 970 Ulei, 971 Rheedia Madruno, 987 Rhipidopteris peltata, 738 Rhipsalis jamaicensis, 999 Rhizogonium Lindigii, 706 spiniforme, 706 Rhizophoraceae, 422 Rhodobryum Beyrichianum, 705 grandifolium, 705 Rhodomelaceae, 690 Rhynchosia pyramidalis, 928 Schomburgkii, 925 Rhynchospora albo-marginata, 793 arenicola, 795 aristata, 39, 793, 796 barbata, 794 bolivarana, 40 brevirostris, 794 cephalotes, 795 culmenicola, 41 curvula, 796 dentinux, 41 duidae, 43 exaltata, 794, 796 glauca, 797 Gollmeri, 797 graminea, 792 hirsuta, 794 immensa, 39, 793 karuaiana, 43 leptostachya, 794 longispicata, 793, 794 Marisculus, 794, 796 nardifolia, 794, 796 paramora, 44 polyphylla, 796, 797 prolifera, 793 ptaritepuiana, 45 roraimae, 795 rudis, 798 rugosa, 795, 797 Ruiziana, 796 sanariapensis, 46 sororopana, 46 1218 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Rhynchospora tamana, 47 tenerrima, 797 tenuis, 793 tepuiana, 48 tomentosa, 49 Trichochaeta var. venezuelensis, 49 Rhynchosporeae, 39 Rhytiglossa speciosa, 561 Richardia scabra, 1121 Rigodium gracile, 712 Rinorea flavescens, 989 melanodonta, 989 pubiflora, 989 Ronabea erecta, 1108 Rondeletia cumanensis, 1115 Rondeletieae, 1104, 1109, 1115, 1123 Rondonanthus micropetalus, 126 Rosa blanca, 938 Rosaceae, 251, 917 Rotala mexicana var. Spruceana, 1000 Roucheria laxiflora, 931 Roupala grossedentata, 892 Jahnii, 893 minima, 220 mollis, 892, 893 montana, 892 pseudo-cordata, 893 saxicola, 217 Schomburgkii, 891 sororopana, 220 Rubiaceae, 565, 1103 Rubus glaucus, 920 guyanensis, 917 robustus, 917, 918 rosaefolius, 920 Rudgea Carolina, 614 hospes, 615 Hostmanniana, 1120, 1127 lucentifolia, 616 Ruellia fulgida, 1100, 1102 geminiflora, 1099, 1101, 1102 geminiflora var. augustifolia, 1101 Humboldtiana, 1102 pterocaulon, 562 Rustia venezuelensis, 616 Rutaceae, 272, 932 Ruyschia tremadena, 979 viridiflora, 979 Ryania casaquiarensis, 411 speciosa var. stipularia, 992 Sabazia urticaefolia var. venezuelensis, 672 Sabiaceae, 354, 970 Sabicea guianensis, 1107 Sabisoro montanera, 786 Sacab-yek, 1134 Sacarai-yek, 939 Sacarf-yek, 1034 Sacau-urai-yek, 1034 Sacau-yek, 1032, 1033, 1034 Saccoglottis guianensis, 931, 932 Sagina procumbens, 900 Sagittaria pugioniformis, 773 Salacia brevistaminea, 965 macrantha, 964 multiflora, 964 Salpinctes duidae, 500 kalmiaefolius, 1073 Salsahueca, 935 Salvia, 1085 ampelophylla, 1085 carnea, 1085 coccinea, 1085 latens, 1085 quino, 578 Sandwith, N. Y., 680, 1088 San Fransisco, 1141 Sangre de drago, 926, 927 de drago bianco, 953 de torro, 926 Sangrinaria, 557 Sanguinaria, 1101 Sanicula Liberia, 1047 Santalaceae, 225 Santo Domingo, 839 Sapindaceae, 343, 966 Sapium stylare, 946 Sapotaceae, 480, 1062 Sara, 801, 802 Sarau-warei, 802 Sara-wa-rei-yek, 802 Sargassum, 689 Sarraceniaceae, 239 Satyria panurensis, 1052, 1055 Sau-nan-yek, 1063 Saurauia excelsa, 976 floccifera, 976 meridensis, 368 Schlimii, 976 Sauvagesia amoena, 977 deficiens, 978 duidae, 372 longifolia, 978 long^ipes, 374 miniata, 376 Sect. Spatulatae, 376 Sprengelii, 978 Savanirillo, 1148 Saxifragaceae, 915 Saxofridericia regalis, 827 Scaphyglottis brachyphylla, 867 grandiflora, 856 Lindeniana, 868 Schefflera coriacea, 1043 Cuatrecasiana, 443 duidae, 444 Jahnii, 444 Pittieri, 1044 rubiginosa, 1045 tamana, 444 umbellata, 1043 Schery, Robert W., 256, 680, 921 Schizaeaceae, 722, 728, 739 INDEX 1219 Schizaea elegans, 739 elegans var. flabellum, 722 incurvata, 722 Poeppigiana, 739 Schizothrix calcicola, 682 Friesii, 682 Lamyi, 682 mellea, 682 roseola, 682 thelephoroides, 682 Schlegelia Spruceana, 1090 Schoepfia obliquifolia, 897 Schultesia brachyptera, 1069 lisianthoides, 1071 Schubert, Bernice G., 680, 997 Schweinfurth, Charles, 167, 680, 845 Sciadophyllum rubiginosum, 1045 Scirpeae, 790 Scirpus congestus, 37 inundatus, 792 Scleria arundinacea, 801, 802 bracteata, 800, 801, 802 cyperina, 800, 801 hirtella, 800, 802 lithosperma, 800 mexicana, 803 micrococca, 800, 801 Purdiei, 801 scabra, 801 secans, 802 stipularia, 800 tepuiensis, 52 verticillata, 801 Scleriae, 52, 800 Sclerolobium guianense, 923 Scrophulariaceae, 516, 1086 Scutellaria Lindeniana, 1085 Scytonema figuratum, 683 guyanense, 683 Hofmannii, 683 mellea, 683 ocellatum, 683 Scytonemataceae, 683 Sebastiania venezolana, 954 Secondatia densiflora, 1076 Securidaca scandens, 946 Sedum bicolor, 913 Selaginella asperula, 723 brachyclada, 740 cladorrhizans, 757 flagellata, 740 microdonta, 740 ovalis, 723 pallescens, 757 potarensis, 723 rigidula, 741 roraimensis, 741 scalariformis, 723 Selaginellaceae, 723, 749, 757 Selenipedium palmifolium, 849 Seleu-ka-yek, 1112 Sematophyllaceae, 716 Sematophyllum caespitosum, 716 cuspififerum, 717 decumbens, 716 flaccidifolium, 716 subsimplex, 716 Senecio andicola, 1151 Badilloi, 1145 colombianus, 1151 Ellsworthii, 1151 laetivirens, 1145 ledifolius var. Schlimii, 1151 pavonicus, 1151 theaefolius, 1152 Senecionideae, 1150 Sereu-ka-yek, 599 Sereuka-yek, 1113 Sereuku-yek, 600 Seriuka-yek, 1108 Serjania mexicana, 969 paucidentata, 969 Sertifera colombiana, 872 Sesuvium Portulacastrum, 899 Sida linifolia, 973 Siete capas, 927 Simaruba amara var. opaca, 934 Simarubaceae, 274, 933 Simsia grisea, 1143 pubescens, 1149 Sipanea glomerata, 1109 pratensis, 1104, 1116 Siparuna Pittieri, 236 stellulata, 907 Siphanthera cordifolia, 1029 cordifolia var. glomerata, 426 Tatei, 1029 Siphocampylus reticulatus, 1130 Schlimianus, 1131 tepuiensis, 1130 Siphoneugena densiflora var. tepuiensis, 1124 Siphula fastigiata, 694 Sisyrinchium Marchio, 839 tinctorium, 839 Skuja, H., 689 Sloanea breviseta, 357 caudata, 357 Onotillo, 358 Onotillo var. major, 359 Pittieriana, 359 ptariana, 360 venezuelana, 361 Smilax duidae, 154 floribunda, 836 Lasseriana, 154 Pittieriana, 155 Poeppigii, 835 pseudosiphilitica, 835 scabriuscula, 835 staminea, 835 staminea f. obtusata, 156 tomentosa, 836 1220 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Smith, Albert C., 449, 680, 906, 964, 1048, 1052 Smith, Lyman B., 135, 680, 828, 997 Sobralia liliastrum, 850 stenophylla, 851 violacea, 851 Socratea albolineata, 91 Soliva anthemidifolia var. lanuginosa, 672 Sombra, 1044 Soni-pa, 739 Souroubia guianensis, 378, 989 Spathicarpa duidae, 101 Spathiphyllum Candolleanum var. Schomburgkii, 815 cannifolium, 815 Spermacoceae, 1105, 1106, 1114, 1121, 1127 Spermatophyta, 17 Sphaerococcaceae, 690 Sphagnaceae, 695 Sphagnum alegrense, 696 gracilescens, 696 magellanicum, 695 meridense, 697 oxyphyllum, 697 recurvum, 696 subsecundum, 696 Sphyrospermum buxifolium, 1054 cordifolium, 1055 Klotzschianum, 1053, 1054 majus, 1056 Spigelia stipularis, 1068 Spiranthes elata, 862 guyanensis, 873 nitida, 874 orchioides, 862 speciosa, 874 Spirogyra, 686 Sporobolus cubensis, 777, 786 Sprekelia formosissima, 837 Squamidium leu cotri chum, 710 nigricans, 709 Stachys Fendleri, 1084 hamata, 1084 Stafleu, F. A., 296, 680 Standley, Paul C., 680 Staphyleaceae, 341 Stegolepis Gleasoniana, 130 guianensis, 827 parvipetala, 133 pauciflora, 827 ptaritepuiensis, 133 Stelis cymbiformis, 874 Endresii, 863 guianensis, 874 Maderoi, 863 melanoxantha, 875 Millei, 875 muscifera, 851 tenuilabris, 875 triseta, 875 tristyla, 863 vittata, 875 Stellaria ovata f. paradoxa, 228 venezuelana, 229 Stemodia foliosa, 1088 Stenoloma chinense, 739 . chusanum, 739 Stenopadus condensatus, 1137 Connellii, 1137 crassifolius, 1132 talaumifolius var. magnifolius, 673 variabilis, 1138 Stenorrhynchtts speciosus, 874 Stenospermatium Pittieri, 101 Ulei, 817 Stenostephanus lasiostachyus, 1101 Stephania cleomoides, 239 Sterculiaceae, 365, 974 Sterculia excelsa, 975 pruriens, 975 Sterigmapetalum guianense, 422 Steriphoma cleomoides, 239 paradoxum, 239 paradoxum f. venezuelanum, 239 venezuelanum, 239 Sticherus bifidus, 722, 755 penniger, 14 revolutus, 727 rubiginosus, 15, 738 yelatus, 15 Stichococcus subtilis, 687 Stictaceae, 691 Sticta Weigelii, 692 Stictina fuliginosa var. Willdenowii, 692 Stifftia Martiana, 640 Stigeoclonium, 687 Stigmaphyllon fulgens, 943 Stigonema hormoides, 684 mamillosum, 684 minutum, 684 ocellatum, 684 panniforme, 684 Stigonemataceae, 684 Stipa ichu, 786 Streptochaeta spicata, 785 Streptogyne crinita, 785 Stromanthe lutea, 843 Struthanthus calophyllus, 896 dichptrianthus, 893 terniflorus, 896 Strychnos jobertiana, 1068 rondeletioides, 1068 Stryphnodendron guianense, 922 Stylogyne turumiquirensis, 479 Styracaceae, 490, 1067 Styrax costanus, 490 duidae, 491 hypargyreus, 1067 yapobodensis, 492 Suelda con suelda, 153, 832 Sueusucu-yek, 994 Suru-wai-yek, 952 INDEX 1221 Svenson, H. K., 791, 792 Swallen, Jason R., 17, 679, 773 Swartzia angustifoliola, 262 parvifolia, 263 Pittieri, 263 tepuiensis, 265 Symbolanthus anomalus, 1072 Elizabethae, 1071 magnificus, 1072 Symphonia globulifera, 985 Symphyopappus Casaretoi, 635 compressus, 635 cuneatus, 635 cuneatus f. inter medius, 635 decussatus, 636 decussatus var. Pohlianus, 636 leptophlebius, 636 Lymansmithii, 636 myricifolius, 636 pennivenius, 636 polystachyus, 635 reticulatus var. itacaluminensis, 635 reticulatus var. vernicosus, 635 tetrastichus, 636 viscosus, 636 Symplocaceae, 492, 1066 Symplocps bogotensis, 1067 Lasseri, 492 nitens var. Claussenii, 1067 Pittieriana, 492 roraimensis, 494 tamana, 494 thermalis, 683 Ulei, 1066 umbellata, 1066 Syngonanthus biformis, 824, 826 caulescens, 825, 826 duidae, 127 gracilis, 825, 826 gracilis var. glabriusculus, 824 gracilis var. hirtellus, 824 heteropeploides, 824 longipes, 826 tricostatus, 826 umbellatus, 824 venezuelensis, 128 Syrrhopodon Gaudichaudii, 702 Leprieurii, 703 lycopodioides, 703 prolifer, 702 Tabebuia Billbergii, 1090 dura, 1088, 1090 Tabernaemontana affinis, 1076 maxima, 1073 Tacarigua, 974 Tale-de-ya, 842 Tamboi, 943 Tammsia anomala, 1116 Tapeinostemon spenneroides, 1071 Tapiri-pi-yek, 956 Tapirira guianensis, 956 myriantha, 957 Taque, 362, 891 Taralea rigida, 266 Steyermarkii, 268 Tarebi-yek, 324, 1005 Tari-yek, 398, 980, 984, 985 Tasajo, 926 Tassadia guianensis, 509 Tauschia Jahnii, 1045 Tectaria heracleifolia, 745 incisa, 745 Tec-u-len-yek, 1063 Tephrosia sinapoa, 628 Terminalia amazonia, 1003 guianensis, 1003 Ternstroemia acrodantha, 381 brevistyla, 981 camelliaefolia, 981 camelliaefolia var. minor, 382 crassifolia, 980 distyla, 981 meridionalis, 982 pungens, 981 Steyermarkii, 382 Steyermarkii var. submontana, 383 unilocularis, 383 verticillata, 981 Tetrapterys boliviensis, 943 discolor, 943 pusilla, 294 rhodopteron, 940 Tetrasporaceae, 687 Tetrorchidium rubrivenium var. Fendleri, 946 Theaceae, 380, 980 Theloschistaceae, 695 Theloschistes flavicans, 695 Thelotremaceae, 690 Thelypteris brachypoda, 10 Engelii, 11 opposita, 745 patens, 745 pilosissima, 11 reptans, 12 uliginosa, 745 Theophrastaceae, 1057 Thesium tepuiense, 225 Thibaudia formosa, 1054 Ulei, 1054 Thrasya petrosa, 774, 777 robusta, 782 setosa, 17 trinitensis, 782 Thuidium acuminatum, 714 delicatulum, 714 pauperum, 714 Thurniaceae, 834 Thurnia sphaerocephala, 834 Thymeleaceae, 420, 1000 Tibouchina aspera, 1025 aspera var. asperrima, 1028 1222 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 cryptadenia, 426 duidae, 428 fraterna, 1030 gracilis, 1037 impressa, 428 Moritziana, 1030 Tillaea venezuelensis, 914 Tillandsia Arnoldiana, 829 caribaea, 829 compacta, 829 Deppeana, 829 Deppeana var. reducta, 830 duidae, 830 Fendleri, 829 globosa, 830 incurva, 830 lacera, 150, 831 Lescaillei, 830 pleiosticha, 829 rubra, 829 rubra var. reducta, 151, 830 stenoglossa, 151 Turneri, 830 Tillandsioideae, 829 Tinantia erecta f. puberula, 832 Tirita, 842 Tocina cochina, 997, 998 Toco, 238, 911 Tococa aristata, 1035 bolivarensis, 438 guianensis, 1029 macrophysca, 1026 nitens, 1035 platyphylla, 1041 Tocoyena orinocensis, 617 Tofieldia duidae, 156 Schomburgkiana, 835 sessiliflora var. robustior, 157 Tontelea ovalifolia, 964 Topobea floribunda, 1036 Toron-yek, 353 Tortogilla, 1044 Tortula andicola, 704 Toton, 1118 Toulicia megalocarpa, 969 Tournefortia foetidissima, 1081 fuliginosa, 1081 gracilipes, 511 syringaefolia, 1081 Touroulia guianensis, 980 Tovariaceae, 911 Tovaria diffusa, 911 pendula, 911 Tovomita angustata, 399 atropurpurea, 399 cephalostigma, 987 duidae, 400 obovata, 985 Schomburgkii, 983 umbellata, 985 Tovomitopsis cuneata, 988 Towari-yek, 964 Trachypogon ligularis, 775, 779, 784 vestitus, 780 Tradescantia bicolor, 152 gracilis, 152 gracilis /3 bicolor, 152 venezuelensis, 152 Tragia Fendleri, 955 Tratinickia burseraefolia, 936 glabra, 277 subchoripetala, 935 Trentepohlia aurea, 688 Trentepohliaceae, 688 Trichachne insularis, 787 sacchariflora, 987 Trichilia brachystachya, 938 ptariana, 278 subsimplex, 279 yerrucosa, 938 Trichogonia rhadinocarpa, 1141 Trichomanes capillaceum, 742 cellulosum, 720, 731 crinitum, 731 cristatum, 720, 742 Curranii, 742 diaphanum, 731 Hostmannianum, 719 macilentum, 731 pedicillatum, 731 pilosum, 719 plumosum, 724, 731, 742 rigidum, 742 Robinsonii, 743 roraimense, 724, 731 rupestre, 743 Spruceanum, 719 Trollii, 719 Trichostigma octandrum, 898, 899 Trigoniaceae, 939 Trigonidium tenue, 859 Trimezia Fpsteriana, 160 meridensis, 839 Tripsacum australe, 775 latifolium, 789 Trisetum irazuense, 785 Trixis divaricata, 1145 Trompillo, 1065 Tropaeolaceae, 930 Tropaeolum pilosum, 930 Tucuy-nanga-yek, 1130 Tucuy-nanke-yek, 994 Tuluria, 813 Tuman-yek, 923 Tun-yek, 1074 Tuno amarillo, 274 Turbina corymbosa, 1080 Turneraceae, 993 Turpinia heterophylla, 965 multijuga, 341 Tusi-yek, 949 Typha domingensis, 773 Typhaceae, 773 INDEX 1223 Ulmaceae, 887 Ulothrix, 687 Ulotrichaceae, 687 Ulva, 687 Umbelliferae, 445, 1045 Una de gayilan, 1122 de murcielago, 925 Uncaria guianensis, 1122 tomentosa, 1114 Uncinia hamata, 806 meridensis, 61 Upilu, 391 Uragoga costularia, 1126 Urera baccifera, 890 caracasana, 890, 891 Urococcus Hookerianus, 687 Urospatha savannarum, 102 Urticaceae, 216, 889 Usnea amabilis, 694 duriuscula, 694 laevigata, 694 laevis, 695 subcomosa, 695 subplicata, 695 transitoria, 695 Usneaceae, 694 Utricularia alpina, 1095, 1087 amazonasana, 535 amethystina, 1097 angulosa, 1096 arenicola var. kavanayena, 535 aureolimba, 535 aureomaculata, 536 ayacuchae, 538 bolivarana, 538 Campbelliana, 1095 Campbelliana var. minor, 539 congesta, 539 congesta f. deminutiva, 540 cornuta, 1096 cornuta var. Michauxii, 1096 cuspidata, 542 erectiflora, 1096 heterochroma, 544 hispida, 1096 Humboldtii, 1097 Humboldtii f. cuneata, 544 juncea, 1096 laxa, 1095 longeciliata, 1095, 1097 myriocista, 1096, 1097 nervosa, 1098 Oliverana, 546 Oliverana f. parva, 546 orinocensis, 548 peltata, 1095 Quelchii, 1097 Regnellii, 1098 spatulifolia, 1098 subpeltata, 548 subulata, 1098 subulata f. cleistogama, 1095, 1098 tepuiana, 550 turumiquirensis, 552 venezuelana, 552 Uva, 1039, 1060 Uvito, 1126 Vacciniaceae, 1052 Vaccinium euryanthum, 453 latifolium, 1056 meridionale, 1056 puberulum, 1045 tepuiense, 1053 Vainefa, 922 Vainilla, 861 Vanilla inodora, 861 planifolia, 872 Vellozia Alexandrinae, 837 duidae, 157 tubiflora, 838 Velloziaceae, 157, 837 Verbenaceae, 512, 1082 Verbesina acuminata, 1149 Blakeana, 674 exalata, 675 guianensis, 676, 1137 laevifolia, 1149 negrensis, 675 Schomburgkii, 676, 1137 tachirensis, 677 Verduguillo, 802 Vernonia argyropappa, 1139 ehretiaefolia, 1133 larensis, 1146 Lehmanni, 1146 paradoxa, 1146 Salzmanni, 1139 varroniaefolia, 1133 Vernonieae, 1133, 1138, 1146 Vesicarex, 63 collumanthus, 63 Viburnum leptophyllum f. venezuelense, 619 roraimense, 619 tinoides, 1128 tinoides var. roraimense, 619 tinoides var. roraimense f . turumiqui- rense, 619 tinoides var. venezuelense, 619 Vigna sinensis, 928 Vinagrilla, 930, 998 Violaceae, 403, 989 Viola lanceolata, 989 scandens, 990 stipularis, 990 venezuelensis, 403 Violeta, 1146 Vira-vira, 1037 blanca, 1046 Virola sebifera, 906 surinamensis, 907 Vismia cayennensis, 985 dealbata, 987 1224 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Vismia falcata, 983, 986 lauriformis, 987 Lindeniana, 987 macrophylla, 986 Vitaceae, 356 Vitex capitata, 1082 Vittaria filifolia, 735, 751 Gardneriana, 735 lineata, 751 stipitata, 751 Vochysiaceae, 295, 943 Vochysia Duquei, 943 Lehmannii, 943 rubiginosa, 296 Voyria grandiflora, 1069 Voynella parviflora, 1070 Vriesia lacera, 631 splendens, 831 Wa-cami-ye, 1110 Wa-cami-yek, 399 Wacami-yek, 386, 400, 985 Wa-kami-yek, 397 Wa-rem-bei-yek, 888 Wa-won-yek, 1064 Wanak, 784 Warin-yek, 279 War-peray-yek, 924 War-wa-wai-yek, 935 Wasan-yek, 1080 Wasta-curan-yek, 1108 Watobari-yek, 952 Wedelia caracasana, 1143 Weigeltia Schomburgkiana, 1060 Weinmannia Balbisiana var. Moritzii, 916 Balbisiana var. ptariana, 246 guyanensis var. quinata, 246 Lansbergiana, 916 microphylla, 916 microphylla var. caracasana, 916 oyalis, 915 pinnata var. caripensis, 915 pinnata var. ptaritepuiana, 246 Rollotii, 249 rpraimensis, 247 silvatica var. Rollotii, 249 sorbifolia var. crenata, 915 Steyermarkii, 249 tomentosa, 916 velutina, 915 Werwa-yu-yek, 958, 959 Willoughbya ferruginea, 657 hirsutissima, 657 Wiri-yu, 782 Won-da-yek, 984 Wonday-yek, 468 Woodson, R. E. Jr., 499, 503, 680, 1073 Woraumi-yek, 361 Ximenia americana, 897 Xylobium pallidiflorum, 869 squalens, 869 Xylopia amazonica, 904 aromatica, 904 frutescens, 906 sericea, 905 Xylosma Benthamii, 992 spiculiferum, 993 Xyridaceae, 104, 820 Xyris acutifolia, 823 albescens, 105 anceps, 821 bicephala, 822 capillaris, 107 culmenicola, 108 decussata, 821 esmeraldae, 109 Fontanesiana, 821 guianensis, 821 hymenachne, 822 involucrata, 822 Jupicai, 821, 822 lacerata, 820 lanulobractea, 109 macrocephala, 823 ptariana, 110 savannensis, 820 scabridula, 111 setigera, 823 setigera var. elongata, 112 stenostachya, 113 Uleana, 823 witsenioides, 821, 823 Yara-yek, 1036 Ya-ra-yu-yek, 950 Ye-lu-wak-yek, 279 Yema de huevo, 1076 Ye-pa-kim, 854 Yerba de Lucas, 394 Yoy-yarey, 1133 Yuncker, T. S., 204, 680, 881 Yuquilla, 911 Yur-wa-da-ru-yek, 1036 Zamurito, 1082 Zanthoxylum caribaeum, 933 ciliatum, 933 ocumarense, 273 pallidum, 273 quinduense, 933 tachirense, 274 Zapatero, 967 Zeugites mexicana, 785 Zingiberaceae, 840 Zinowiewia australis, 962 Zizyphus angulito, 972 cinnamomum, 972 melastomoides, 972 Saeri, 972 Zollernia grandifolia, 270 INDEX 1225 Zornia guanipensis, 929 Zygogonium ericetorum, 686 Zygnema, 686 Zygopetalum Burkei, 858 Zygnemataceae, 686 Tatei var. angustilabium, 194 Zygodon Reinwardtii, 707 venustum, 858 -M« Publication 810 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBAN*