S+2 33K CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA VOL. Ill No. 1 NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA NOTES ON WALKER'S TYPES OF GEOMETRIDAE IN THE D'URBAN COLLECTION BY WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D. AND J. H. McDUNNOUGH, Ph. D. DECATUR. ILL. THE REVIEW PRESS NOVEMBER 27. 1916 Published Under the Patronage of Miss Jessie D. Gillett Elkhart, 111. CORRIGENDA & ADDENDA TO VOLUME II. page 50, line 24, for Genitalia of o. basiflava Pack, read Genitalia of 0. basi- flava Pack. page 124 Genus Sciagraphia. In our remarks on this genus we evidently had misread Hulst's characterization of the genus as we differentiate it from Macaria on the strength of the latter genus possessing a hair pencil on the $ hindtibia ; as a matter of fact both genera show the hair pencil and in all probabil- ity Sciagraphia, the type of which is granitata Gn., will fall to Macaria Curtis. page 206, line 1, for Fidonia atomaria Gn. read Fidonia amitaria Gn. page 209, line 18, for Ap^ecasia defluata Wlk. read Ap^ecasia de- ductaria Wlk. This error and that on p. 206 must be attributed to a lapsus calami on our part which should certainly be corrected. page 212, line 12, for PI. XII fig. 14 read PI. XII fig. 16. NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIDAE AGROTINAE Schinia cupes deserticola var. nov. (PL III, Fig. 16). Similar in maculation to the typical form from Texas but much paler in color ; the head and thorax are whitish, lightly peppered with black, the ground color of the primaries is a very light ochreous or cream-color shaded with deeper ochreous terminally and without any of the smoky-brown color character- istic of typical cupes; the outer dark border of secondaries is paler than in the type form and the underside is less heavily shaded with black. Habitat: S. Arizona (Poling) (April); Palm Spgs., Riverside Co., Calif. 2 3,1 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. We have had the 2 $ 's from Arizona in the collection for some time; the receipt of a $ from the desert region of California con- vinces us that we are dealing with a good geographical race which evidently inhabits the hot, arid regions of the south-west. In the coast region of California typical cupes is again found, redescribed by Hy. Edwards under the name crotchi. Grotella citronella sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig 13). Head, thorax, and primaries lemon yellow, the latter crossed by two faint black lines, tending to become punctiform; the inner line is slightly outwardly inclined, forming a rather prominent projection above the inner margin and accentuated in the cell by a dark dot; the outer line is well rounded about the cell with a slight inward bend opposite the same, then inwardly oblique to inner margin fairly close to t. a. line, the median space being only half as wide as at the costa, the line accentuated by black dots opposite the cell, in the submedian fold and on the inner margin. Secondaries blackish with pale fringes. Beneath primaries blackish with lemon yellow costa and outer margin ; secondaries pale ochreous. Expanse 19 mm. Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. 3 8, 2 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is very similar to spaldingi B. & McD., of which we have also a single specimen from the same locality; it is however much deeper yellow in color and has not such a prominent prow- shaped process to the frontal protuberance as in spaldingi. Rynchagrotis orbipuncta sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 2). Head, thorax, and primaries in the $ fawn brown, in the 2 largely suf- fused with pale reddish ; basal line indicated by a dark spot on costa and another in the center of the wing; t. a. line scarcely visible, consisting of a dark spot on costa, a curved mark below the cubitus followed by an outwardly oblique mark below vein 1 to inner margin; orbicular and reniform prominent, filled with blackish, the former a small round dot, the latter upright, broad ; t. p. line obsolescent in 2 , distinct in $ , pale, rather evenly rounded, accentuated by smoky shading on both sides and with a black mark on the costa at its inception ; submedian and terminal area sprinkled with smoky which is crossed by a pale wavy s. t. line, preceded, especially in 2 , by small dark blotches ; terminal dark dots ; fringes ochreous, cut by two smoky lines. Secondaries smoky, paler towards base ; fringes pale with a yellowish basal line followed by a similar smoky one. Beneath ruddy, somewhat suffused with smoky with a post- median dark line and discal dot on all wings. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat : $ Palmerlee, Ariz. ; 2 's Huachuca Mts., Ariz. 1 $ , 4 2 . Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is readily distinguished by the black filled spots and small orbicular, which in two of the 2 's is entirely wanting ; other- wise in size and coloration it is close to alcandola Sm. HADENINAE Anarta sierra sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig 3). Head and thorax clothed with gray and black hairs ; primaries greenish black, heavily suffused in the median area with whitish ; basal area dark with scattered white scales near base, defined outwardly by an oblique t. a. line dentate on cubital vein and vein 1 and shaded inwardly in costal region with slight white scaling; median area heavily scaled with whitish leaving a small dark patch on inner margin and a larger dark patch extending obliquely from costa to t. p. line and containing the reniform which is indistinct and slight- ly white centered ; t. p. line dentate, rounded outwardly below costa and then subparallel to outer margin ; s. t. line marked by pale scaling preceding and following it, rather irregular, forming a large dark blotch on costa ; terminal area rather pale ; fringes checkered. Secondaries even smoky black with pale fringes, a white blotch of the underside partially showing through. Beneath primaries blackish at base and along inner margin, outer area silvery white with a large quadrate black reniform and a sinuate subterminal line; terminal area sprinkled with gray with dark terminal line and checkered fringe ; secon- daries black with a large white patch beyond the cell preceded by an indistinct dark reniform blotch, the outer edge of the white patch being parallel to outer margin of wing; fringes pale. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat: Mineral King, Tulare Co., Calif. 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. The species is allied to laertes Sm. differing in the more variegat- ed appearance of the primaries and their greenish-black tinge rather than brownish-black as in laertes and melanopa; we have a second very- worn specimen from the same locality which agrees with the types in the unicolorous secondaries ; two $ 's, one from Deer Park Spgs., Lake Tahoe, and the other simply labelled 'S. Calif.' agree in the maculation of primaries with the type of sierra but show a white patch on the upper side of secondaries as in laertes; we propose for these the varietal name of laertidia and figure a specimen on PI. Ill, Fig. 4. Polia (Mamestra) brenda sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 3). Head and thorax clothed with gray scales mixed with black and with a distinct black line across the collar; abdomen tinged with pinkish laterally; primaries with very distinct and decided maculation, gray suffused with smoky; basal half line black, geminate, filled with pale; a short black basal streak; space to t. a. line rather even dark gray; t. a. line geminate, black, composed of three improminent scallops, in general upright; orbicular large, whitish, touching t. a. line, partially outlined with black ; claviform large, almost hemis- pherical, white, outlined with black, and connected with t. p. line by a black dash; reniform very large, white, with a central smoky lunule, partially out- lined in black especially on inner side and resting with its base on t. p. line; an upright smoky median shade, angled outwardly below cubital vein; t. p. line indistinctly geminate, bent strongly outward around cell and dentate, with a single prominent scallop between veins 1 and 2 which is slightly tinged with pale yellowish; s. t. space in general paler gray than median area except at costa where there is a smoky patch with 3 pale costal dots; veins dotted with black and white; s. t. line pale yellow, angled below costa, forming an in- distinct W mark on veins 3 and 4, accentuated by black arrow marks pre- ceding the line and blackish shades outwardly above and below the W; a broken black terminal line; fringes checkered smoky and ochreous; secondaries pale smoky with darker terminal line and pale fringes. Beneath whitish with slight ruddy tinge, primaries largely suffused with smoky with the commence- ment of a postmedian line at costa and a broad indistinct discal lunule; secon- daries paler than primaries with a prominent discal dot and a faint postmedian line, dotted on the veins with black; terminal dark lines on both wings and checkered fringes on primaries. Habitat: Stockton, Utah (May 17, Spalding). 1$. Type, Coll. Barnes. Seemingly closest to distincta Hbn. but with a much less oblique t. a. line and less heavily shaded median area. Polia (Mamestra) delecta sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 17). Head, thorax and primaries a rather dull smoky brown, slightly sprinkled with gray scales; maculation of primaries rather indistinct, traces of an 8 angled black geminate basal half line filled with paler; t. a. line geminate, the outer dark line and the pale filling alone showing, slightly crenulate and directed outwards to just above inner margin where it curves gently inward ; orbicular small, round, partially outlined in black; reniform rather narrow, outlined partially in pale ochreous, followed by a black line on side toward orbicular; a smoky median shade curved outwardly; t. p. line indistinctly geminate, composed of the inner dark crenulate line and the pale filling, curved outwardly to well beyond reniform, then rigidly oblique from vein 4 to inner margin; beyond it pale dots on the somewhat black-outlined veins ; s. t. line pale ochreous, wavy, indistinct ; a dark terminal line ; fringes the color of the wing with pale dots at base. Secondaries smoky with pale terminal line at base of fringes. Beneath primaries largely smoky, outwardly paler, sprinkled with brown with an indistinct postmedian line starting from a dark spot on costa ; secondaries considerably paler, sprinkled with brown, with dis- tinct postmedian line and discal dot. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat: Camp Baldy, S. Bernardino Mts., Calif. (Pilate) (June, July) ; Loma Linda, S. Bernardino Co., Calif. (Mch.) 2 $,A ?. Types, Coll. Barnes. Superficially greatly resembling Trachea pavice Behr but easily separated on structural characters ; it will probably fall in the goodelli group. Eriopyga discreta sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 18). Palpi ochreous, outwardly smoky ; thorax and primaries a pale fawn gray, the latter somewhat shiny; basal half line black, angled below costa; t. a. line single, black, composed of three prominent scallops, in general course upright, preceded by a faint pale shade ; orbicular almost invisible, round, faintly outlined in smoky; reniform a rather obscure dark blotch more or less hidden by the median band which is oblique outwardly from costa to reniform where it forms almost a right angle and is then inwardly oblique to inner margin close to t. p. line; t. p. line bent outward below costa, then strongly dentate and in general parallel to outer margin with a strong scallop in the submedian fold ; s. t. line indicated by darker shading in the subterminal area, angled below costa, then slightly waved ; a terminal dark line and a yellow line at base of smoky fringes ; secondaries smoky, noticeably excavated on outer margin between veins 4 and 6 with a yellow line at base of fringes. Beneath shiny smoky, secondaries rather paler; a postmedian line and discal dot on both wings. Expanse 33 mm. Habitat: Camp Baldy, S. Bernardino Co, Calif. (July 8) 2 $,2 ?. Types Coll. Barnes. The species is close to mania Stkr. and dubia B. & McD. ; from the former it differs in its rather more slender build, paler color, the lack of white dots around base of reniform and beyond t. p. line and the less prominent shading before s. t. line; from the latter it differs structurally, the 3rd joint of the palpi being much shorter and the 9 antenna much thinner with finer ciliations ; the eyes too are more sparsely haired than in either of the other species. Besides the types we have a series of what seems to be the same species from Truckee, Calif., captured in September. CUCULLIINAE Oncocnemis sagittata sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 8). Front whitish, sprinkled with black and with a dark interantennal tuft; collar white, crossed by a black line at base, a smoky one at center and a broader line at the apex leaving the tips white; thorax rather blackish with scattered white sprinkles and a small orange tuft on metathorax dorsally ; primaries gray, basal portion to t. a. line blackish ; t. a. line outwardly oblique, obsolete in costal portion, consisting of a scallop in the fold and another below vein 1, both edged inwardly by white ; median space gray, suffused with blackish between the spots ; orbicular small, oval, outlined with pale gray; reniform diffuse outwardly, de- fined inwardly by a black lunate line bordered with white beyond which is a dull orange shade; t. p. line scarcely visible, marked by a curved dark shade line at costa and a perpendicular white waved line below reniform ; subterminal area deep blackish except in costal portion beyond the t. p. line which is gray, bordered outwardly by a very sharply dentate white s. t. line, close to the outer margin, the points of the teeth mostly touching the same, the inward dentations being prolonged by black arrow marks of which that above vein 4 is heaviest; terminal area sprinkled with whitish with black shading in the central inter- spaces and a terminal dark broken line; fringes pale, checkered and sprinkled with smoky. Secondaries whitish ochreOus with broad black terminal band and pale fringes. Beneath white with a broad dark terminal border, the pale area of primaries more or less suffused with smoky and with an indistinct discal lunule, secondaries with costa sprinkled with smoky and with small discal dot; fringes as above. Expanse 32 mm. Habitat: Yavapai Co., Ariz. (Sept. 20) 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. CONISTRA FRINGATA Sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 1). Head and thorax red-brown tinged with gray; primaries rather a bright red-brown, basal area to t. a. line sprinkled with gray; an angled basal half line; t. a. line pale, narrow, concave outwardly; median space red-brown; reniform long, narrow, only distinct outwardly where it is edged with pale yellow; t. p. line pale, angled below costa, slightly incurved below reniform; s. t. line pale yellow, rather irregular, preceded by an olivaceous shade which is defined inwardly by a rigid, whitish, rather broad line proceeding from costa near apex to inner margin at anal angle where it touches the s. t. line; terminal space slightly sprinkled with gray; fringes ruddy. Secondaries deep smoky with contrasting ruddy fringes. Beneath smoky, tinged considerably 10 with ruddy sprinkling and with two faint subterminal dark lines crossing both wings and a prominent discal lunule on secondaries. Expanse 39 mm. Habitat: Truckee, Calif. (Oct. 24). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. Similar in type of maculation to the Eastern devia Grt. but con- siderably larger in size with much ruddier fringes. ACRONYCTINAE Leucocnemis obscurella sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 9). Palpi and head ochreous, thorax ochreous suffused with blue-gray; primaries ochreous evenly overlaid with bluish gray, leaving the ground color only visible partially in the terminal area where it is cut by the darker veins; the only maculation visible is the orbicular and reniform spots, both small, round and ochreous with a slightly deeper central dot; fringes obscurely checkered ; secondaries even smoky brown with paler fringes. Beneath light smoky ochreous. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat : Denver, Colo. 3 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. This obscurely marked species is allied to perfundis but lacks all indications of cross lines ; our three $ 's have only one fore-tibia be- tween them but this shows a distinct claw which, combined with the non-tuberculate front, seems to warrant the above generic refer- ence. Catabena pronuba sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 11). Palpi and thorax gray, sprinkled with smoky, collar pale ochreous at base, this area limited by a black transverse line; front pale ochreous crossed by a dark line; primaries long, narrow, rather dark gray with ill-defined macula- tion; a very fine black basal hair streak extending through fold halfway to outer margin; t. a. and t. p. lines indicated by small dark costal blotches; a dentate mark above inner margin evidently marks a portion of the t. a. line; orbicular rather prominent, consisting of a very narrow decumbent white oval with a central dark line ; reniform indicated by a small dark lunule below and around which are some indistinct dark strigae which may form portions of the t. p. line; an oblique dark shade extends inward from apex of wing and below this the s. t. line can be traced as a faint white wavy line, angled inward- ly above inner margin and with narrow black dashes beyond it in terminal area, most prominent in fold and opposite cell. Secondaries hyaline white, immaculate. Beneath primaries pale smoky, secondaries as above. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat: Jemez Spgs., N. Mex. (July 24). \$. Type, Coll. Barnes. The species approaches sagittata B. & McD. in wing form but apart from the maculation of primaries is at once separated by the 11 pure white secondaries ; it is possible that other specimens will show a better defined maculation on primaries which will make it pos- sible to trace the course of the transverse lines more accurately, an impossibility with the single specimen before us. Stilbia fotelloides sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 1). Head and thorax an admixture of black and gray scaling, slightly tinged with ochreous ; fore wings in general grayish, in basal area to t. a. line, whitish strongly suffused with blackish and ochreous; t. a. line geminate, the outer line deep black, evenly outcurved, the inner paler and angled inwardly below cell ; orbicular large, round, gray, ringed with white and outlined in black ; reniform broad, outlined as orbicular; claviform a small dark loop attached to t. a. line ; t. p. line black, indistinct at costa where it is lost in a whitish shade extending from reniform to near apex of wing, rather squarely ex- serted around cell and strongly bent in below reniform, then slightly out- wardly inclined to inner margin; an oblique costal dash defining the outer margin of pale costal patch and touching the t. p. line at vein 7; terminal area rather even gray with darker terminal line; secondaries hyaline white, smoky along costa and outer margin with traces of a dark subterminal line. Beneath primaries smoky, secondaries as above. Expanse 22 mm. Habitat: Baboquavaria Mts., Ariz. (July, Poling). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. The species greatly resembles Fota minorata or a species of the genus Oxycnemis in type of maculation but the front is smooth and the fore tibiae without claws ; we place it doubtfully in the genus Stilbia as vein 8 of secondaries is quite strongly anastomosed with the cell. Crambodes lunata sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 6). Head, thorax, and primaries a rather dull smoky black somewhat sprinkled with white scales ; the maculation is obsolescent with the exception of a white lunule marking the reniform; faint traces of a claviform outlined in black and preceded by a short black basal dash; t. p. line sinuate, most distinct above inner margin; veins and interspaces in the area preceding the s. t. line rather streaked with black, tending to accentuate a very irregular pale s. t. line which is much as in discistriga Sm.; terminal broken dark line; fringes dark, slightly checkered with white points opposite veins at base and with a crenulate outer margin. Secondaries rather squarely angled at vein 3, pale smoky, deepening towards outer margin and with a distinct dark terminal line and smoky fringes. Beneath heavily sprinkled with smoky with a large dark discal lunule on secondaries and a broken terminal dark line, more con- tinuous on secondaries; primaries with white costal marks near apex. Expanse 34 mm. Habitat : Reno, Nevada. 1 $ . Type, Coll. Barnes. 12 In type of maculation quite similar to discistriga Sm. but lack- ing all of the brown tinges, in this respect approaching leucorena Sm. which is placed by Hampson in the genus Namangana but which pos- sibly should be more closely associated with discistriga. Cham^clea basiochrea sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 22). Head yellow ; thorax pale ochreous ; abdomen orange-yellow ; legs ochreous tinged with purplish; fore wings with basal area to t. p. line pale ochreous tinged with purplish along costa; t. a. line very indistinct, indicated by a deep purple mark on costa and an olivaceous oblique stripe above inner margin; the general course as indicated being strongly outcurved below costa to near middle of wing and then inwardly oblique to inner margin near base of wing; median area largely purplish, more or less suffused with deep olive above inner margin; t. p. line indistinct, in general subparallel to t. a. line, strongly out- curved below costa, bent in below cell and angled inwardly on vein 2, then slightly rounded to inner margin; the angle on vein 2 is connected with t. a. line by a dark olive shade; beyond t. p. line are pale shades on costa, in the angle below cell and on inner margin, the remainder of the subterminal space being deep olivaceous; terminal space pale ochreous crossed by an olive shade below vein 6; a slightly darker terminal line and pale fringes divided by a darker line. Secondaries yellow-brown at base, deep smoky outwardly with pale fringes. Beneath primaries smoky, strongly suffused with orange- brown and tinged with purplish along costa and outwardly; secondaries rather deep ochreous tinged along costa with purplish. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat: Brownsville, Tex.; S. Benito, Tex. (Sept.) (G. Dorner) 1 $, 6 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is very similar to peruana Grt, differing in the less distinct t. p. line on primaries with deeper angle on vein 2 and the yellow-brown basal area of secondaries; peruana was figured in our 'Contributions' Vol. II (1), PI. 21, Fig. 20. Stiria olivalis sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig 8). Head and thorax white, slightly tinged with gray; abdomen gray; fore wings white, more or less suffused with olivaceous and crossed by three diffuse olive-green bands, the first, representing the t. a. line, is in general course in- wardly oblique, dentate below costa and again on cubital vein, the second, in the place of the t. p. line is subparallel to the first, rather indistinct and broadly diffuse in costal portion, narrower and well defined above the inner margin, the third is submarginal, broken, consisting of a costo-apical patch, another between veins 4 and 6 and a third above inner margin, more or less joined together by a narrow olive green line; a broken terminal olivaceous line ; fringes pale, tipped with fuscous. Secondaries entirely deep smoky brown. Beneath primaries deep smoky brown; secondaries pale whitish gray 13 crossed by an indistinct smoky median line and suffused with smoky on costa at base of wing. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat: Loma Linda, S. Bern. Co., Calif. (Mch., Apr.) (G. R. Pilate) 2 $, 3 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. There is considerable variation in the amount of olivaceous suf- fusion on primaries, worn specimens, in which the white overlying scales have been rubbed off, being much darker in general appear- ances ; in the 9 's the coloration is rather yellower than in the $ 's. The species is allied to hutsoni Sm. but is considerably larger. Stiriodes virida sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 7). Head and thorax creamy, abdomen ochreous ; primaries pale creamy, shaded basally and terminally with dull green and crossed by two oblique bands of the same color of which the inner is twice as broad as the outer, occupying the whole median area except at costa which is white ; the outer band is subterminal, in general parallel to the outer margin with the outer edge slightly waved ; fringes pale, checkered with smoky ; secondaries smoky with pale fringes cut by a dark line; traces of a dark discal dot and curved median line. Beneath primaries smoky, costa edged with whitish with a tri- angular patch of same color near apex; secondaries pale, whitish, with dark discal dot. Expanse 21 mm. Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. 2$, 2 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species agrees structurally with Hampson's definition of the genus Stiriodes but differs entirely in general appearance from the in- cluded species, looking more like Polenta tepperi in coloration scheme. NOCLOA TORNIPLAGA Sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 7). Head and thorax brown-black, collar heavily sprinkled with gray; pri- maries rather deep velvety brown, basal area somewhat paler, limited by a blackish t. a. line, rounded gently outwardly to vein 1, then jutting outwardly forming a prominent tooth just above inner margin; orbicular and reniform rather paler than the surrounding area, former round, latter rectangular; t. p. line bent outward below costa and slightly dentate, incurved below cell and followed at this point by a pale ochreous patch occupying the whole subterminal area from vein 3 to inner margin; s. t. line pale, irregular, pre- ceded by darker arrow marks from costa to vein 2 ; terminal dark line ; fringes dark. Secondaries whitish toward base, smoky outwardly. Beneath whitish, suffused with smoky and with faint postmedian line on secondaries. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat: Palmerlee, Ariz. (Sept.). 2 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. 14 The frontal protuberance is rather reduced, especially the central process but the species bears such an undoubted resemblance to dis- similis B. & McD. that we place it in the genus Nocloa. COPANARTA SEXPUNCTATA sp. nOV. (PI. Ill, Fig. 17). Palpi pale ochreous mixed with black; front and thorax dull blackish slightly peppered with whitish and with some bluish iridescent scales; primaries dull black crossed by three deep black lines, the first subbasal, straight, ex- tending only to middle of wing, the second antemedian, angled slightly out- wardly below costa and with a prominent outward bulge below the cubital vein, the third postmedian, crenulate, angled below costa and well rounded about cell, bent in strongly below reniform and slightly angled on vein 1 ; a prom- inent white reniform, partially filled with smoky brown centred with white, preceded by a faint whitish shade on costa ; a faint wavy white s. t. line, considerably broken; fringes black with a white point at extremity of veins; secondaries black with a large round white spot filling entire end of cell and another oval white spot at middle of inner margin. Beneath black, primaries with inner margin shaded with white and with a single large round white discal spot, secondaries with two white spots as on upper side. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat: Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co., Calif. (July 1-7) (McDunnough). 5 $ ,7 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. The species was taken flying in the hottest sunshine around patches of Apocynum on the railway tracks a short distance north of Shasta Retreat. It shows considerable likeness to Pseudacontia aterrima and groteana but the outer claw on the fore tibia, which characterizes the genus Pseudacontia, is wanting, so we judge the species better placed in Copanarta. ERASTRIINAE Phobolosia bilineata sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 10). Palpi white, dark at base; front pale with a bronze interantennal tuft; thorax white, sprinkled with black; primaries olivaceous, crossed by numerous fine black striae, forming parallel lines across the wing ; t. a. and t. p. lines black, thickest on costal half of wing, bordered on each side by white, former slightly rounded, latter well rounded below costa then parallel to outer margin and subparallel to t. a. line; reniform represented by a short black longitudinal streak ; a narrow apical white patch, from which a faint white s. t. line arises, bent in opposite cell and in fold ; terminal area whitish with prom- inent black terminal line ; fringes ochreous at base, olivaceous outwardly. Secondaries smoky with broken terminal dark line and pale basal line to fringes. Beneath primaries smoky with white apical patch and dark streak showing the commencement of t. p. line of upper side; secondaries white, sprinkled 15 with smoky with distinct discal dot and traces of a curved postmedian line; fringes as on upper side. Abdomen with a small bronze terminal tuft. Expanse 14 mm. Habitat: San Benito, Texas (July, Sept.). 2 $,3 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. In wing shape and maculation very similar to brimleyana Dyar and grandimacula Schaus but lacking the black patch at end of cell; the latter species or one very similar also occurs on our Texan bor- der; we have six specimens from Brownsville before us. Phoenicophanta bicolor sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig 15). Head and thorax rosy pink, with a yellow line behind the antennae and another crossing the tips of the tegulse; the metathorax and tips of patagia are also yellow ; abdomen with basal half yellow, the remainder rosy pink. Prim- aries yellow, costa and terminal area broadly pink with a pink median oblique fascia, irregular on outer edge and defined on costa by a narrow yellow streak on each side ; a brownish terminal line, defined on inner side by yellow. Secondaries pale ochreous tinged with brown and slightly pinkish outwardly with indistinct pale curved median line. Beneath pale, tinged with smoky in basal half with pinkish shading on costa. Expanse $ 12 mm., 9 16 mm. Habitat: $, Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz. (July 24-31); 9, Yavapai Co., Ariz. 1 $, 1 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. Very similar to fiavifera Hamp. from Argentina of which it may be merely a race; it is apparently smaller in size with the yellow sub- terminal area much broader and the median pink band consequently narrower. Tarachidia albimargo sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 25). Head and thorax deep purple black ; primaries purplish-black with the exception of an irregular terminal border of creamy white; the color is deepest at the base of the wings, lightening somewhat outwardly, with a sinuate dark t. p. line, broadly geminate above inner margin and filled in with a pale shade which contains an inconspicuous dark patch at end of cell mark- ing the termination of the geminate portion ; beyond the t. p. line the s. t. area is greenish black with a very irregular outer margin marking the position of the s. t. line ; terminal area and fringes pale creamy. Secondaries deep smoky-black. Beneath smoky with inner margin of primaries somewhat paler. Expanse 18 mm. Habitat: Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Tex. (Aug. 28) ; S. Benito, Tex. (Sept. 8). 3 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species differs from Hampson's characterization of the genus Tarachidia in having vein 7 of primaries from the cell and not from the apex of the areole; the bulging front shows also a slight central tubercle; it is quite distinct from any described N. American species 16 of Tarachidia and has a superficial resemblance to Chrysoscia scira Druce with which, but for the fact that veins 3 and 4 of secondaries are stalked, we should have been inclined to associate it. Tarachidia albitermen sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 6). Head and thorax creamy, abdomen pale ochreous ; primaries olivaceous brown overlaid by sparse white scales (in the 9 the ground color is yellower) ; the terminal area is narrowly whitish tapering toward apex, broadest in sub- median fold (in 9 of even width throughout) ; orbicular a dark dot, reni- form faintly indicated by an obscure shade below which in $ traces of a dark t. p. line are visible ; a terminal dark line of dots ; secondaries whitish, somewhat suffused with smoky. Beneath creamy, rather shiny; primaries partly suffused with smoky. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat : Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. ( $ ) ; Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. (9). 1 $, 1 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is larger than its near ally, modesta Hy. Edw. ; the white shaded terminal area is quite distinctive. In connection with this genus we might note that the species bicolorata B. & McD„ (Contr. I, (5) p. 26) was erroneously described under Tortricidia, a lapsus calami for Tarachidia. Euaontia clarki sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig 14). Head and thorax whitish ochreous; primaries whitish or creamy heavily shaded subterminally with brown or reddish-brown ; a small basal dark spot on costa ; t. a. line about one-fourth out, dark brown, gently curved, thickened somewhat at costa and in submedian fold ; t. p. line rather nearer base than usual, about the centre of the wing, in general parallel to t. a. line, forming a prom- inent outward projection in the cell and bent inward in the fold, the en- closed area between the lines forming a broad whitish band crossing the wing; beyond the t. p. line the submarginal area is almost entirely deep brown, at times with a decided reddish tinge and a little whitish suffusion; the reni- form is faintly marked on this area as a bluish-black patch; the outer margin of this area is formed by an irregular white s. t. line, rather diffuse outwardly and bent in prominently opposite cell and in submedian fold; terminal space more or less smoky shaded ; prominent terminal broken dark line ; fringes white ; secondaries white, slightly smoky terminally, more so in 9 than in $ . Beneath white with the maculation of primaries showing faintly from upper side. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. 1 $,3 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. We take much pleasure in naming this pretty species, which is closely related to semirufa B. & McD., after Mr. B. Preston Clark of Boston, Mass., through whose kind offices we have secured a very 17 interesting lot of material from the desert region of Southern Cali- fornia. EREBINAE Melipotis bkunneifasciata sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 4). Head and thorax gray, two longitudinal dark streaks on the collar; meta- thorax tinged with ruddy; primaries with basal space gray limited outwardly by a band of deep brown about 1 mm. in width, outwardly oblique from costa to submedian fold with a slight outward bulge in the cell, in the fold making a rather sharp angle and then inwardly oblique to inner margin; this band is edged outwardly by a blackish t. a. line followed by a faint narrow yellowish shade; median space bright ruddy brown forming a very conspicuous band across the wing, the outer third slightly suffused with smoky; this median band is limited outwardly from the base of vein 3 to inner margin by a rather rigid black t. p. line shaded inwardly with yellowish and bent outward below vein 1 ; the white rigid inner border line of the reniform which practically continues the t. p. line from vein 2 forms the boundary of the median band for the remainder of the wing except at costa where there is no sharp de- fining line ; the dark gray reniform is not sharply defined outwardly but is followed by a white shade line tending to extend along veins 3 and 4 in short streaks ; from vein 3 the t. p. line forms the customary bulge around the cell being slightly angled on vein 4, strongly angled on vein 6 and squarely angled below costa ; the submedian space is dark gray, limited by a pale waved s. t. line, preceded in costal portion by several black arrow marks ; the rather broad terminal space is light gray, slightly smoky outwardly; outer margin strongly scalloped with dark intervenular points ; fringe smoky. Secondaries white in basal half, deep smoky brown outwardly with a slight whitish patch on outer margin below vein 2; fringe white tinged with smoky between veins 2-4 and at inner angle. Beneath white with a broad blackish band outwardly, primaries with a curved blackish band from costa at the end of cell to the outer dark band, enclosing a quadrate white space ; secondaries with a faint discal dot ; fringes pale, shaded with smoky. Expanse 37 mm. Habitat: Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Co., Calif. (July 16). 1 S, 1 2. Types, Coll. Barnes. This handsome species is closely allied to fumosa Stkr. of which it is possibly merely a geographical race; it may be readily distin- guished by the ruddy brown median band, much deeper and brighter than in fumosa from Texas. HYPENINAE OXYCILLA BASIPALLIDA Sp. nOV. (PI. Ill, Fig. 2). 9 . Palpi porrect, smoothly scaled, extending well beyond head, dark gray, 3rd joint ochreous; primaries with basal area gray with a slight purplish 18 tinge, this area extending over about one-third of the wing and very sharply de- fined outwardly by an almost perpendicular narrow band of deep ruddy brown; median area deep purplish, with a narrow reniform outlined in black and bent toward apex of wing in upper portion; below reniform traces of a dusky median shade; t. p. line brown, thicker at costa where it is outwardly oblique for a short distance, then crenulate and subparallel to outer margin with slight inward teeth on veins 1 and 2, preceded by a narrow purplish shade paler than the rest of the median area and bordered outwardly by an ochreous line; s. t. area pale purplish with three or four orange-ochreous costal dots; s. t. line very irregular, pale, accentuated inwardly by diffuse dark arrow marks; terminal area shaded with smoky over purple and with a terminal dark line broken by orange dots ; fringes deep smoky ; secondaries deep smoky with traces of a curved median line bordered outwardly with whitish, most prominent at inner margin; a very faint subterminal dark band with whitish edging, only distinct above anal angle; terminal line and fringes as on primaries. Beneath primaries smoky with costal dark dash and beyond it four ochreous dots; secondaries as above but much paler. Expanse 23 mm. Habitat : Palmerlee, Ariz. 1 9 . Type, Coll. Barnes. In default of a $ the species is only temporarily placed in Oxy- cilla Grt. ; the strong contrast between the pale basal area and the deep purplish outer portion renders the species quite easily recogniza- ble and distinct from any N. American species with which we are ac- quainted. Phytometra (Prothymia) apicata sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 23). Palpi, front, and base of collar pink, remainder of collar and thorax pale yellow; primaries pale yellow or straw color, at times suffused with pinkish terminally; basal half of costa pinkish; a faint pinkish oblique line proceeds from apex of wing inwardly to vein 2 just below the base of vein 3; fringes slightly pinkish; secondaries whitish, shiny. Beneath whitish, primaries suf- fused with smoky in costal portion of wing from base to end of cell. Expanse 20-23 mm. Habitat : Redington, Ariz. 4 6\ 3 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. This must be allied to plana Grt. but can hardly be the same species as Grote's description makes no mention of the oblique pink line from apex. Phytometra curvata sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig 24). Palpi longer than in the preceding species, obliquely upturned and blade- like, pink; front pink; thorax straw-yellow. Primaries straw-yellow with a faint curved pale line from apex of wing to base of vein 2 between which and costa is more or less pink suffusion; basal half of costa pink; fringes 19 pinkish; secondaries pale whitish. Beneath pale, suffused with smoky through the cell of primaries. Expanse 22 mm. Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. (Oct.); Jemez Spgs., N. Mex. (July). 2 $'s. Types, Coll. Barnes. Very similar to the preceding species but differing in the distinct- ly longer palpi and the curved character of the apical line. Dyspyralis noloides sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 5). Palpi blackish outwardly, the joints tipped with yellow; front and thorax pale ochreous mixed with a few black scales, the latter crossed by a dark band on prothorax; abdomen ochreous; primaries whitish, ochreous-sprinkled and suffused somewhat with black; a blackish spot on costa at base, another larger one marking the inception of the t. a. line which is indistinct, black, bulging in the fold and outwardly oblique above inner margin; t. p. line rather indistinctly geminate, squarely exserted around the cell with an inward angle opposite the reniform, straight to vein 1 where it bends outwards to inner margin; reniform a narrow diffuse black patch situated just above bend in t. p. line with two short black streaks from its base toward t. a. line; s. t. space with irregular dark dashes marking the inner edge of s. t. line; a terminal broken black line, fringes smoky; secondaries very pale ochreous, smoky outwardly. Beneath primaries smoky, secondaries as above. Expanse 19 mm. Habitat: San Benito, Texas (Sept. 8). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. Rather similar in general character to illocata Warr. {humerata Sm.) but considerably larger and without such a well defined median dark band ; it looks at first sight like a Nolid. Epizeuxis punctalis sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 12). $ . Antennae ciliate, palpi upturned, smooth, ochreous, smoky outwardly ; head, thorax and primaries ochreous, the latter suffused with smoky in median and terminal areas ; t. a. line single, dark smoky, angled below costa, bent outwards below cubitus and then rather inwardly oblique to inner margin ; two small black dots represent the orbicular and reniform spots; t. p. line smoky, thicker at costa and bent strongly outward below same then rather waved to inner margin, parallel to t. a. line with a slight bulge in the fold; s. t. line faint, accentuated by the darker shaded s. t. area, irregular, bent in opposite cell and again in the fold, preceded on costa by three ochreous dots; terminal row of dark lunules; fringes dusky; secondaries smoky, rather paler at base with ochreous fringes, smoky outwardly. Beneath smoky ochreous, immaculate except that the costo-apical ochreous spots of upper side are re- peated. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat: Palmerlee, Ariz. 1 $, 1 5. Types, Coll. Barnes. 20 The fore legs are missing in the $ specimen so the species is doubtfully referred to Epizeuxis with which genus however it agrees in other particulars. GEOMETRIDAE HEMITHEINAE Chlorosea pulcherrima sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 10). Palpi deep wine red ; front wine red slightly mixed with ochreous, a white band between the antennae bordered posteriorly with wine red which shades into ochreous distally; thorax and primaries a brilliant emerald green, the latter strongly striate with white and with the veins distinctly outlined in whitish, costa narrowly deep ochreous shaded with wine red at base ; a faint white postmedian line, subparallel to outer margin; a prominent black discal dot; fringes greenish spotted opposite the veins with wine-red, each spot containing a darker central dot; secondaries whitish green, semitransparent, pale basally, with traces of a curved white postmedian line; fringes pale green with a whitish basal line and traces of the red spotting of primaries; a small black discal dot. Beneath much as above but paler and primaries not speckled with white, costa wine red at base for about one-third the length of wing. Abdo- men green at base then shiny white with small red dorsal patches containing white diamond spots on segments 2-4 ; fore coxae green, tibiae wine-red outwardly, tarsi pale ochreous. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat: Eldridge, Sonoma Co., Calif. (Feb. 1-7). 7 $. Types, Coll. Barnes. This very handsome species we place provisionally in the genus Chlorosea on account of the single pair of spurs on hind tibiae in $ (one specimen shows a single spur preceding the terminal pair) ; a 5 will be necessary to correctly place the species. The bright green color shows a great tendency to fade even in unspread specimens, pos- sibly due to the action of the cyanide jar; the red spotting on the fringes is variable, being reduced in some specimens to the apical por- tion of primaries. LARENTIINAE LlTHOSTEGE DESERTICOLA sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 15). $ . Antennae strongly bipectinate, fore tibia with claw, front protub- erant; head and thorax clothed with an admixture of black and white scales; primaries dark gray crossed by numerous parallel lines, in general subparallel to outer margin and somewhat inwardly oblique in consequence; basal space dark gray crossed by two dark lines between which is slight whitish shading; 21 beyond this is a narrow white band, obscured by smoky scaling and traversed by two further dark lines ; median space similar in color to basal space with three pairs of darker lines, the lines of each pair tending to coalesce; a faint discal dot; the outer border of this area bent in slightly opposite cell and again below vein 2 and followed by a narrow white band edged outwardly by a dark line and with a similar central one; terminal space dark smoky crossed by a faint whitish s. t. line originating in a short white apical streak; terminal black line broken at ends of veins ; fringes pale, with central dark line and slight checkering oposite the veins ; secondaries whitish, sprinkled with smoky, with traces of the parallel lines of primaries, the only one however that is at all distinct being a post median line corresponding to the outer border of the median area of primaries ; terminal dark line and fringes as on primaries. Beneath rather pale smoky, sprinkled, with a broad paler outer border on both wings defined inwardly by a dark line corresponding to the postmedian line of upper side; white apical dash on primaries and small discal dots on all wings ; fringes as above. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat: La Puerta Valley, S. Calif. 3 $. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is very similar in maculation to elegans Grossb., wrongly placed in the genus Coenocalpe as the fore tibia is clawed and the front tuberculate; it is however rather paler in color and the antennae are strongly pectinate, not ciliate as in elegans. We place the species in Lithostege as it appears to agree structurally, apart from the pectinate antennae, with the characterization of this genus. Lithostege marcata sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 19). 9 . Head and thorax white with dark speckles and a blackish line across the collar, abdomen ochreous ; primaries whitish, sprinkled lightly with purplish gray and with the terminal area entirely this color; traces of an angled basal line; t. a. line distinct, geminate, purple gray, the outer line heavier, straight for a short distance below costa, then rounded outwardly, bent inward in the fold, straight to inner margin with three blackish dots on outer line, one just above inner margin the other two on fold and cubital vein ; t. p. line purplish-gray, starting from a prominent costal dark streak, rather diffuse and concave opposite cell its inner edge marked by a dark upright streak representing the reniform and with dark streaks on veins 3 and 4, below vein 4 narrower and parallel to outer margin with three equidistant dark dots, the lowest resting on inner margin ; beyond it two equidistant parallel fine purplish gray lines, the inner scalloped, the outer diffuse below costa; fringes checker- ed. Secondaries white with a faint smoky tinge, deeper outwardly. Beneath whitish, primaries with two dark costal blotches near apex and slight smoky terminal shade; secondaries immaculate. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat: So. New Mexico (Sept. 1) (Poling) 1 9. Type, Coll. Barnes. Very similar to Scelidacantha triseriata Pack, in general appear- ance and possibly confused in collections with this species; the pres- 22 ence of two pairs of spurs on the hind tibise however at once sep- arates it. Hydriomena terminipunctata sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 7). Palpi moderately long, blackish; front and thorax ochreous sprinkled with black; primaries gray, slightly tinged with pale olivaceous, sprinkled and banded with purplish; with the exception of slight blackish shading along costa the basal space is pale, bordered outwardly by a black line which is outwardly oblique from costa to middle of cell, then rather sharply angled and almost perpendicular to inner margin or bent slightly outwardly above vein 1 ; this line is followed by a pale band of ground color the outer edge of which forms a prominent outward tooth in the cell and is then sub- parallel to the basal line with a slight tooth above vein 1 ; the median band is fairly broad, the inner § being purple, the outer i olivaceous-gray, a fine dark line marking the division of the two colors; the outer margin of this band is formed by a dark line, broad at costa and oblique outwardly to vein 5, then very fine, slightly waved, and almost perpendicular to vein 1 where it bends outward reaching inner margin considerably before anal angle; vein 1 on the outer portion of this area is rather broadly black-lined, extending at times almost to anal angle; in the $ the subterminal space is rather immaculate gray sprinkled with purple, bordered outwardly by a broad purple band, oblique from costa to near outer margin on vein 4 and then greatly narrowed, close to and parallel with margin with an inward bend in the fold; this band is pre- ceded by a fine dark subparallel line more or less obsolete in lower portion of wing; in the 5 this line is much more prominent, thickened at costa, the remainder crenulate with a purplish blotch preceding same opposite cell; a purplish apical patch and two black subapical streaks, the lower one cutting the submedian purple band below vein 6; terminal area olivaceous gray with veins lined on both sides by short purplish streaks; fringes pale, checkered; secondaries pale smoky with a faint postmedian dark line, sharply bent on vein 3 to inner margin above anal angle, shaded outwardly with whitish, a terminal series of pale oblong intravenular spots; fringes white, checkered with black opposite veins. Beneath pale, slightly smoky with the maculation of the upper side faintly visible. Expanse $ 24 mm., 9 27 mm. Habitat: Stockton, Utah (July). 1 6,3 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is closest apparently to similaris Hist, (glenzvoodata Swett) but much paler and the terminal pale spots on secondaries seem quite characteristic. Hydriomena mediodentata B. & McD. Since describing this species from a unique and almost unicolor- ous dark 9 we have received a $ from Palmerlee, Arizona; it is less dark than the 9 and has an ochreous patch at base above inner margin crossed by a brown perpendicular line; the median area is 23 more or less ochreous bordered inwardly above inner margin by a dentate brown line and with traces of an irregular brown defining line outwardly. Hydriomena cyriades Druce. Judging by the figure (Biol. Cent. Am. PI. 56, Fig. 10) we have a specimen of this species from Tucson, Ariz. It is rather smaller than the figure but agrees well in coloration and maculation. Xanthorhoe alticolata sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 9). $. Antennae very shortly bipectinate; head, thorax, and abdomen dark gray, the latter black-banded ; primaries dark gray crossed by a prominent bright brown median band edged on both sides by whitish, the inner edge gently rounded, the outer edge oblique at costa (not inwardly rounded) projected out- ward at vein 4, bent back to near base of vein 2 and then straight to inner mar- gin; a dark upright cross line near base of wing, preceding which the basal area is slightly ocher tinted; equidistant between this line and the inner edge of median band is a second dark line slightly crenulate ; the area beyond slightly paler gray and crossed by a fine hair line very close to median band; the cen- tral portion of the median band is rather paler tinted than the outer portions, this area being bounded inwardly by a dark line parallel to inner edge and out- wardly by a slightly waved geminate dark line, distinctly bent inward at costa and then sub-parallel to outer margin of wing; subterminal area gray with dark dots on the veins, faintly connected by a dark shade line ; s. t. line white, evenly scalloped, preceded and followed by smoky shades, especially distinct opposite cell; a dark broken terminal line; fringes smoky, paler outwardly; secondaries smoky, paler in basal and median areas with two central parallel curved lines, bent downward from vein 2 to inner margin; faint traces of a dark postmedian line and white s. t. line; terminal dark line and fringes as on primaries. Beneath smoky with postmedian line of upper side repeated; small discal dots on all wings. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat: Silverton, Colo. (July 8). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. The short pectinations of the $ antennae at once distinguish the species from the munitata group ; its appearance is rather like that of a large designata Huf. Perizoma tahoensis sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 8). Palpi short, blackish ; front and collar ochreous ; thorax blackish, sprinkled with white; primaries pale gray, shaded with smoky; costa with a dark patch near base from which a vertical dark line crosses the wing; beyond this is a geminate dark line, the outer portion most distinct and slightly dotted on the veins, followed by a narrow pale band of ground color; in the middle of the costa is a quadrate dark blotch from the inner and outer edges of which parallel and nearly vertical dark lines cross the wing, the included area being shaded 24 with smoky; the junction of the cubital vein with vein 2 is outlined in black forming a V mark and vein 1 in this area is also outlined in black ; the following area is paler, especially in costal half which contains a prominent discal dot; this area is bounded outwardly on costa by a third quadrate black patch giving rise to two lines as before, the inner being subparallel to the preceding lines, the outer more irregular, angled outwardly below costa, then strongly concave opposite the discal spot, forming an outward angle on vein 4, then inwardly oblique to the fold and rounded outwardly to inner margin ; the included area is very narrow for a short distance below vein 2, shaded with smoky and crossed by dark dashes on veins 1, 3 and 4; beyond this line at a distance of about V/2 mm. is a smoky line more or less parallel followed at a short distance by a whitish, crenulate, s. t. line, parallel to outer margin, preceded, especially above and below vein 5, by dark shading ; a terminal broken dark line and slightly checkered fringes ; secondaries pale smoky with discal dot, crossed by indistinct curved, dark, median and subterminal lines shaded outwardly with paler ; distinct terminal broken dark line preceded by pale spots; fringes checkered. Beneath primaries smoky with ochreous blotches on costa accentuating a dark patch corresponding to the third patch of upper side; subterminal markings of upper side faintly discernable ; secondaries as above with markings rather more distinct. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat: Glen Alpine, Lake Tahoe, Calif. (July 8). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. Very similar to curvilinea Hist, but the first subterminal line is well defined and not represented by dots and the discal dot is promi- nent ; the apex of wing is also less rounded. Perizoma epictata sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 20). Primaries pale brown, narrowly banded with whitish; an upright white subbasal line ; beyond this a narrow white band with central brown line forming the inner edge of the median fascia ; this white band is straight from costa to cubital vein then bent inward to inner margin where it touches the white sub- basal line, the included triangular space being brown ; median area brown, cen- trally whitish, especially around the discal dot and above inner margin, crossed by three faint wavy lines, one before and two beyond the discal dot, the inner two tending to coalesce ; the outer margin of the median area shows a prominent bulge between veins 2 and 4 with a slight inward angle on vein 3 ; a narrow white band edges the median area outwardly, crossed by a central dark line; a dentate white s. t. line beyond which the terminal area is gray shaded with a smoky suffusion below apex; fringes checkered ochreous and smoky; secondaries whitish, slightly smoky, with indistinct median and subterminal dark curved lines, a terminal dark broken line and checkered fringes. Beneath primaries smoky, costa and terminal area paler; a dark spot on costa near base and discal dot; postmedian and s. t. lines of upper side repeated faintly, accentuated on inner side by smoky shades; secondaries whitish, sprinkled with smoky, a dark 25 discal dot, a curved median line and an s. t. line composed of confluent dark patches most distinct below costa. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat: San Diego, Calif. 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. The species is evidently allied to osculata Hist, but not very closely and as far as we know is quite distinct from any described species. GEOMETRINAE Drepanulatrix (Deilinia) lutearia sp. nov. (PI. II, Figs. 5, 6). $ . Antennae heavily pectinate ; front, thorax, and primaries orange yellow with a slight pinkish suffusion the latter crossed by three equidistant, parallel, upright, purple lines, thicker at costa and with slight outward angle just below same, the 3rd line only prominent on costa and inner margin in the single male before us but the course better indicated in some 9 specimens; some diffuse sub- terminal purplish shading most prominent between veins 2 and 4 where it rests on t. p. line ; a black discal dot just outside of 2nd line and a row of faint dark ter- minal dots ; fringe purplish ; secondaries pale ochreous basally, shading into pinkish outwardly, without any dark sprinkling, but with distinct discal dot and two slight black marks on inner margin showing inception of median lines; faint terminal dots and purplish fringes. Below pale ochreous much suffused with pink outwardly and with discal dot on each wing. 9 . Deeper orange than in $ , shading into maroon outwardly ; all macula- tion very indistinct except the discal dots. Expanse 23-26 mm. Habitat: Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Mts., S. Calif. (July). 1 6\ 5 9. Types, Coll. Barnes. Rather close to carnearia Hist, but entirely lacking the black sprinkling characteristic of this species, the secondaries bearing great resemblance in this respect to those of bifilata Hist. The antennae are much more strongly pectinate than in nevadaria Hist. Drepanulatrix (Deilinia) secundaria sp. nov. (PI. II, Figs. 11, 12). $ . Antennae finely pectinate, the pectinations shorter than in quadraria Grt. but longer than in nevadaria Hist. ; head, thorax, and primaries pale orange- ochreous, sprinkled finely with dark atoms; maculation indistinct, consisting of three upright, parallel, equidistant dark lines ; a subterminal narrow dark band, bent in toward the 3rd line below vein 5 ; a small discal dot and distinct terminal dark points ; secondaries pale flesh-color, sprinkled lightly with dark speckles and with dark discal and terminal dots ; traces of two median dark cross lines 26 only visible at inner margin ; fringes pale. Beneath creamy slightly sprinkled with smoky and shaded outwardly and apically with pinkish. $ . Deeper in color than the $ with maroon shades in the terminal area. Expanse 26 mm. Habitat : Mineral King, Tulare Co., Calif. 4 $ , 4 $ . Types, Coll. Barnes. Allied to celataria Hist, in type of maculation but more ochreous in color and with the pectinations of the $ antennae considerably short- er; it has rather more dark sprinkling on the primaries but the sec- ondaries, especially in the $ , are lighter in color. Itame perornata sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 16). Male antennae shortly pectinate; head, thorax, and primaries pale purplish shading into reddish purple outwardly, cross lines faint except at costa ; t. a. line oblique and well defined from costa to cell, then angled, faint, and per- pendicular to inner margin ; median line only represented by a very oblique black streak on costa, more oblique than the similar portion of t. a. line ; t. p. line concave and well defined at costa, angled slightly above vein 6, straight for a short distance to below vein 5, then bent gently inward and slightly waved, but very indistinct, to inner margin; indistinct terminal dark dots and smoky fringes ; outer margin of primaries excavate below apex ; secondaries pale ochre- ous, sprinkled with purplish, with traces of a discal dot and median oblique dark line ; outer margin scalloped slightly. Beneath light ochreous sprinkled with pur- plish with markings of upper side faintly repeated. Expanse 20 mm. Habitat : Redington, Ariz. 1 $ . Type, Coll. Barnes. Belongs in the inqiiinaria group but is smaller than any describ- ed species we know; we have a 2 from the same locality still small- er with similar maculation but pale orange in color which may be the other sex of this species, but on account of the color distinction and lack of a sufficient series to establish the range of variation we do not venture to make it a type. Nepytia regulata sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 13). Head and thorax gray; primaries gray-sprinkled over a paler ground color, giving a general pepper and salt effect; t. a. and t. p. lines subparallel and upright, dark smoky, the former bent slightly outward at costa and somewhat wavy, accentuated on median, cubital and anal veins by short dark dashes on its outer edge ; t. p. line crenulate, scarcely curved at costa, the veins on inner edge streaked with black, edged outwardly with whitish, most prominently at costa; s. t. line very indistinct, indicated by whitish, diffuse, irregular shading; second- aries paler than primaries with the outer line continued obliquely across the 27 wings ; all wings with discal dot. Beneath pale ochreous with black discal dots and traces of the t. p. line of upper side. Expanse 35 mm. Habitat : Redington, Ariz. 3 $ , 2 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. The species bears such a close general resemblance to semiclu~ saria Wlk. that we place it in Nepytia in spite of the fact that the $ hind tibse have hair pencils ; the course of the cross lines is much as in nigrovenaria Pack, without the strong bend at costa. Plat^ea triangularia sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 18). Primaries whitish to s. t. line, sparsely sprinkled with gray; terminal area olivaceous ; a large semitriangular olivaceous patch occupies the median area of the wing, the base resting on costa, the apex just above the center of inner mar- gin, the outer edge bent inward in the cell and connecting with a small white discal spot; s. t. line white, angulate on vein 5, preceded by a narrow smoky shade band ; apex of wing slightly falcate with the outer margin toothed on veins 6 and 4; secondaries light brown shading into whitish at base, outer mar- gin entire. Beneath whitish, slightly speckled, with maculation of upperside partially visible. Expanse 25 mm. Habitat: Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. (April). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. This may be a mere aberration of one of the described species but if so it is a very beautiful one and worthy of a name. Morina curvata sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 17). Primaries dark gray with rather indistinct maculation ; t. a. line obsolete or represented by a few indistinct marks near base of wing; t. p. line from costa near apex, pale-shaded outwardly and parallel to outer margin as far as vein 2, then curved inward to about middle of inner margin, accentuated on the veins by dark dots ; a dark median shade line parallel and closely approached to the t. p. line with the intervening area rather paler than the basal and remaining median portion of wing ; a whitish crenulate s. t. line parallel to outer margin ; terminal dark line ; fringes smoky, faintly checkered ; secondaries whitish, dusted with smoky outwardly and along inner margin with traces at inner margin of a smoky antemedian band, a median line edged outwardly with white and a white s. t. line edged inwardly by a smoky band ; a terminal dark line and slightly smoky fringes. Beneath whitish, peppered with smoky. Expanse 22 mm. Habitat: La Puerta Valley, S. Calif. 4$, 2 ?. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species differs from coniferaria Grossb., the type of the genus, in having the t. p. line evenly curved and not wavy as in the latter species. *Pterot.ea tremularia sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 4). Thorax light gray crossed by a black line at apex of tegulae; primaries pale to dark gray, sprinkled lightly with smoky; t. a. line black, bent outward *This is probably Cleora Melanocarpa Swett the description of which has just ap- peared. 28 at costa, strongly bent backward above inner margin to near base of wing, pre- ceded by a light brown shade and separated from it by a narrow pale area ; t. p. line black, sinuate, slightly broken at costa, preceded by a broad dark median shade which more or less unites with it in lower half of wing but which is separated in costal half by a narrow pale area; discal dot usually obscured by this shade ; following the t. p. line is a light brown parallel band ; s. t. line indis- tinct, crenulate, whitish, shaded inwardly and outwardly in costal portion with smoky, this shade being in some instances pronounced, in others only faint ; a distinct crenulate dark terminal line ; secondaries much as primaries with t. a. line wanting except for a dot at base of wing and median and t. p. lines wider apart and parallel. Beneath pale, shaded somewhat with smoky outwardly; dotted with black along costa and with a faint dotted postmedian line and small discal dots. Expanse 32 mm. Habitat: Camp Baldy, S. Bern. Mts., Calif. 4 $. Types, Coll. Barnes. Very similar to cariosa Hist., but with much more strongly pectin- ate antennae and with a distinct brown band beyond t. p. line ; there is considerable variation in the depth of ground color and the amount of smoky suffusion caused by the union of the median and t. p. lines. Pterot^a serrataria sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 9). Thorax gray, sprinkled with black; primaries whitish-gray, largely suffused with blackish especially in the $ sex rendering the maculation obscure and diffuse ; t. a. line bent outward at inner margin, geminate, the intervening space tending to become filled with smoky ; a sinuate dark median line, crossing in the cell a faint discal dot, the lower median area in the $ largely suffused with blackish ; a curved geminate dark t. p. line, bent considerably inward below vein 2 and filled above inner margin by a faint ochreous tinge ; s. t. line white, crenu- late, most prominent in the central portion where it crosses a smoky shade ex- tending outwardly from t. p. line ; above the inner margin the subterminal area is rather conspicuously whitish, forming an irregular blotch ; a black crenulate marginal line ; fringes checkered ; secondaries strongly crenulate, especially in the $ sex, with the maculation of primaries repeated and much as in the pre- ceding species. Beneath pale, shaded with smoky and with small discal dot on all wings. Expanse 29 mm. Habitat: Witch Creek, S. Diego Co., Calif.; Alpine, S. Diego Co., Calif. (1 $). 1 $, 2 $'s. Types, Coll. Barnes. On account of the general similarity to the preceding species we place this species in the genus Pterot&a although the $ antennae are not pectinate but merely slightly serrate; its smaller size, more dif- fuse appearance and the strongly crenulate outer margin in the sec- ondaries of the 9 should serve to distinguish it from cariosa and tremularia. 29 Cleora perpictaria sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 14). Antennae in $ pectinate, the pectinations short and thick; palpi short, por- rect, blackish ; thorax heavily and roughly scaled with dark olive ; primaries dark olive green, tinged with pinkish along inner margin and slightly on veins beyond the cell, presenting a general mossy appearance with rather diffuse maculation ; t. a. line blackish, outwardly rounded, forming a small dark patch at costa, pre- ceded by a dark parallel shade near base of wing; median line from a dark patch on costa, rather irregular, in general parallel to t. a. line ; t. p. line em- phasized by dots on the veins, parallel to median line as far as vein 3 then strongly curved inward, touching this line at base of vein 2 and more or less united with it to inner margin ; s. t. line whitish, crenulate, very indistinct, shaded inwardly prominently with smoky at costa and on both sides of vein 5 ; outer margin crenulate, bordered by a fine dark line; a rather prominent dark discal dot ; secondaries similar to primaries in color and maculation ; median line want- ing; inner line an oblique dark shade, outer line forming an inward angle shortly above inner margin ; outer margin strongly crenulate ; distinct discal dot. Beneath whitish, shaded with smoky with discal dots on all wings. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat : Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. ; Palmerlee, Ariz. 5 $ . Types, Coll. Barnes. The species is quite distinct from any North American form; it rather reminds one of some of the European species belonging to the genus Gnophos; until this large group is thoroughly worked over gen- erically we are in doubt as to its exact location; the $ hind tibiae ap- pear to be without a hair pencil and the curious short pectinations of the antennae are quite characteristic and much as in the genus Track eops. Genus Cochisea gen. nov. (Type, C. rigidaria sp. nov.) Eyes hairy ; fore tibia with a strong terminal claw ; wing shape, vestiture, and venation as in Amphidasis Tr. (type, betularia L.) C. rigidaria sp. nov. (PI. II, Figs. 2, 3). Palpi and pectus blackish, front and collar whitish, the latter with the apical portion crossed by a deep black line; thorax deep gray, metathorax crossed by a faint dark line and tufted with white; primaries in $ whitish, sprinkled and suffused with dark gray especially in costal and terminal areas, in $ rather even dark gray; two prominent heavy lines cross the wing, the inner is slightly angled below the costa, prominently rounded outwardly in the cell and strongly oblique from the base of vein 2 to the inner margin near base of wing; the outer line, near outer margin, is slightly lunate from costa to above vein 4, then strongly oblique and parellel to inner line to about the middle of inner margin; it is followed by a broad brownish band (not distinct in $ ), heaviest and broadest at inner margin and edged faintly outwardly with smoky; 30 secondaries whitish in the $, darker outwardly, in the 9 slightly paler than primaries ; a dark subterminal line, slightly bent on vein 4 but in general parallel to outer margin and followed in $ by traces of similar brown shading as on primaries; a dark median line, distinct only on inner half of wing. Beneath much paler, whitish, gray sprinkled, with the maculation of the upper side repeated with the addition of a discal dot on all wings. Expanse 38-44 mm. Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. (Aug.-Oct.). 12 $,8 ?. Types, Coll. Barnes. Cochisea sinuaria sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 1). Palpi and pectus black; collar and thorax gray, sprinkled with black and with indistinct dark lines crossing apex of collar and metathorax; wings whitish, lightly sprinkled with blackish; t. a. line black, rounded below costa, angled inwardly on cubitus, then curving backward to inner margin near base of wing, preceded by a diffuse smoky shade ; an indistinct dark median shade, forming a diffuse patch on costa and broken centrally; a strongly sinuate black t. p. line forming a prominent outward angle above vein 4 and below vein 2, fol- lowed by a dark shade band, extending in the lower portion of wing across the whole terminal area and crossed by a faint white s. t. line ; prominent inter- venular terminal dots ; secondaries with an indistinct continuation of the median shade, a dark discal dot and a black submarginal line, forming a distinct angle on vein 4 and slightly crenulate towards inner margin ; terminal dark dots as on primaries. Beneath much as above but with the lines rather paler and less prominent. Expanse 40 mm. Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. (Aug. 24). IS. Type, Coll. Barnes. Easily separable from the preceding species, with which it agrees generically, by the course of the t. p. line on primaries. Parexcelsa inconspicuaria sp. nov. (PI. II, Fig. 18). Primaries rather dark smoky brown, almost immaculate, with faint traces in the cell and above inner margin of a dentate t. p. line followed by short sub- terminal dark dashes ; secondaries unicolorous smoky white. Beneath whitish, primaries slightly smoky. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. (July 24-31, Aug. 1-7). 7 S's. Types, Coll. Barnes. We place this species in the genus Parexcelsa for the present, although it has a distinct tongue, as the venation appears very similar and the hind tibiae of the $ are without a hair pencil. It is prob- able that a new genus will be required but in the present unsatisfac- tory condition of the genera in this subfamily we hesitate to add to the confusion without very strong reasons; in general appearance 31 the species seems allied to lineata Hist, but the lack of any definite maculation renders it easily distinguishable. Ellopia (Therina) phantoma, sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 12). Thorax and primaries pale ochreous, the latter rather thinly scaled and very faintly dark sprinkled, with smoky purple discal dash and two prominent thick cross lines of same color, the inner bent outward at costa and then gently oblique to middle of inner margin, the outer oblique from costa to vein 4 and then curved gently inward to inner margin rather close to inner line; fringes rather smoky; outer margin slightly angled at vein 4; secondaries still paler ochereous, unsprinkled, with outer line of primaries continued but more faintly, outer margin rounded. Beneath pale, immaculate, with markings of primaries showing through. Expanse 27-29 mm. Habitat : White Mts., Arizona. 2 5 . Types, Coll Barnes. We had wrongly identified this species as laeta Hist, but as this has proved to be the same as our flavilinearia there is apparently no name available for the present species which seems to differ consid- erably from any described N. American Ellopia species. Sicya olivata sp. nov. ( PI. I, Fig. 10) . Head and thorax pale yellow ; primaries pale yellow marbled and suffused with olivaceous especially prominent in the median area on the inner side of the cross lines ; t. a. line inwardly oblique, white, slightly bent below costa, bor- dered outwardly by an olivaceous shade line ; black discal dot ; t. p. line subpar- allel to t. a. line with a slight angle on vein 4 between which vein and costa it is less oblique than in lower portion reaching costa shortly before apex; on inner side at costa a narrow triangular dull reddish shade with a central yellow streak on costa; beyond the t. p. line the whole outer area from inner margin to vein 3 is whitish shaded with pinkish, this area gradually narrowing above vein 3 to a point at intersection of t. p. line and vein 6; the apical terminal area rather bright yellowish; fringes yellow, reddish just below apex of wing; sec- ondaries whitish at base, shading into salmon color outwardly with very faint discal dot and curved faintly geminate post-median line most distinct above inner margin where it is rather broad and purplish, otherwise salmon colored. Beneath primaries pale orange-pink, shaded with yellow apically, with markings of upper side repeated ; secondaries much as above, less smooth in appearance, the cross line being emphasized by dots on the veins and distinctly geminate at inner margin. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat: Jemez Spgs., N. Mex. (Sept.) 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. Rather similar to Sicya neda Druce (Biol. PI. 45, Fig. 10) but differing in the maculation of secondaries; the olivaceous shading of primaries should readily distinguish the species from our other N. American forms. 32 GONODONTIS MACULARIA Sp. nOV. (PI. I, Fig. 16). Head and thorax orange, the latter clothed with rather long hairs; pri- maries deep orange with a prominent large oval ochreous spot at the end of the cell slightly sprinkled with orange ; an indistinct oblique t. a. line, bent down- ward above inner margin, shaded inwardly with ochreous ; a smoky median band just beyond the discal spot, curving slightly around it and then perpendicular; a sinuate t. p. line more or less parallel to outer margin and dotted outwardly with ochreous, most prominently below costa ; secondaries orange, costal area ochre- ous. Beneath paler, rather shiny, secondaries with a large dark discal dot. Expanse 38 mm. Habitat: Ft. Wingate, New Mex. (June). 1 $. Type, Coll. Barnes. The rather worn type lacks fringes ; we have a second very rubbed specimen before us from the same locality which is too poor to make a type. The species would seem to fall into the same group as ocellaria Grossb. with which it agrees well in wing shape. EUCHL^NA DETRACT ARIA Sp. nOV. (PI. I, Fig. 11). Head and thorax ochreous ; primaries light olivaceous brown, paler in ter- minal area ; t. a. line very faint, angled below costa ; t. p. line inwardly oblique, whitish, sharply angled to costa at a point on vein 7 close to apex of wing, shaded diffusely inwardly with a slightly darker shade than the ground color except at costa ; a faint discal dot ; terminal area rather paler than remainder of wing except along the extreme outer border; secondaries rather paler than primaries with the outer line continued obliquely across wings ; primaries well angled at vein 4, secondaries slightly so. Beneath rather shiny ochreous with faint discal dots on all wings. Expanse 27 mm. Habitat : Babaquivera Mts., Ariz. ; Tucson, Ariz. 2 $ 's. Types, Coll. Barnes. The species looks somewhat like a very pale distycharia Gn. but the antennae are much less strongly pectinate and the hind tibiae have hair pencils ; it has possibly been already described from Mexico but if so we have been unable to locate it ; for the present it may be placed in Euchlccna next to galbanaria and argillaria. Lycimna peccataria sp. nov. (PI. I, Figs. 13, 14). $ . Thorax heavily clothed with purple-brown hairs ; wings purple-brown with a slight ochreous tinge at base and very diffuse and indistinct maculation; primaries with t. a. line marked by a blackish patch on costa then faintly con- tinued as a dark band bent below the costa ; median dark shade band beyond middle of wing angled below costa and inwardly oblique; t. p. line fine, inwardly oblique, angled sharply to costa just below apex of wing, ending in a small black patch; secondaries with median band and t. p. line continued from primaries, the former very diffuse at inner margin. Beneath paler and the maculation of 33 upper side with the exception of the t. a. line repeated and much clearer; median band prominent, dark ; t. p. line accentuated on veins by dots and rather crenulate ; terminal space shaded with smoky below apex of primaries. 9. Much paler than the $ with better defined t. a. and t. p. lines on primaries, the latter dotted outwardly with whitish on the veins ; median shade almost wanting in our single 9 except at costa; beneath whitish, smoky sprin- kled, with distinct maculation as in the $ . Expanse 40 mm. Habitat: $, Palmerlee, Ariz. (April); 9, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz. (Aug. 16). 1 $,\ 9 . Types, Coll. Barnes. We place the species in the genus Lycimna Wlk. as used by Druce in the Biologia; it seems closest to matalia Druce (1 c. PI. 43, Fig. 3) but lacks any subterminal dark blotches and is deeper in color. Sabulodes triangulata sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 15). 9 . Antennae bidentate ; palpi short, blackish ; head, thorax, and pri- maries ochreous, the latter suffused with ruddy and slightly peppered with dark dots; a black patch on costa indicates the inception of the t. a. line which is otherwise obscure but in general course perpendicular to inner margin after a slight outcurve below costa ; a large triangular dark apical patch shaded with white scales, ochreous along costa, the inner edge rather sharply defined, out- wardly oblique from costa to vein 6 and forming the costal portion of the t. p. line which is otherwise faint, orange, inwardly oblique with a very slight curve inward opposite the cell; above the inner margin the t. p. line is shaded out- wardly with a prominent black patch consisting of a small dot below vein 1 and a larger patch above same extending almost to vein 2; outer margin of wing strongly angled at vein 4, apex slightly falcate ; secondaries ochreous, slightly ruddy, evenly sprinkled with smoky-purple dots, no maculation except a small discal dot; angle of the wing at vein 4 not prominent. Beneath ochreous, sprinkled with smoky purple, with traces of the dark apical patch of upperside. Expanse 35 mm. Habitat: Paradise, Cochise Co., Ariz. 1 9. Type, Coll. Barnes. We have another 9 from Kerrville, Texas apparently belong- ing to the same species, but rather more orange in color and with- out the black patch on inner margin beyond the t. p. line. The posi- tion of the species is rather doubtful until the $ is known; apparent- ly it would fall in the arcasaria group from which it is at once dis- tinguished by the lack of lines on secondaries and the much less prominent angulation of the outer margin. The species has possibly been described from Mexico or the West Indies, but if so we have been unable to discover it. 34 PSYCHIDAE Apterona fragilis sp. nov. (PI. Ill, Fig. 21). $ . Antennae strongly bipectinate ; head and thorax sparsely clothed with long whitish hair; wings semitransparent, blackish, finely clothed with long black hair; abdomen scarcely exceeding hind wings. Expanse 11 mm. Habitat : Redington, Ariz. ; Paradise, Ariz. 2 $ . Types, Coll. Barnes. The ' reference to this genus as defined by Spuler (Schmett. Europ. II, 180) would seem to be indicated by the presence of 7 veins on secondaries and 10 veins on primaries; on secondaries veins 4 and 5 are either connate or slightly stalked, 8 is connected with 7 by a cross bar; on primaries vein 1 a is obsolete and the other veins are well separated, almost equidistant, with the exception of 4 and 5 which are rather closer to each other at the point of origin. COSSIDAE Acossus connectus sp. nov. (PI. I, Fig. 5). Thorax roughly scaled, pale brownish, tinged with white at base of meta- thoracic tufts; primaries with the basal half light smoky brown, the outer half paler and tinged with silvery white ; numerous deep black transverse streaks are present besides two rather prominent postmedian irregular lines, connected to- gether in the fold by a black streak, diverging towards costa, the outer one forking near the apex of the wing ; along the outer margin are slight black reticu- lations. Secondaries paler with only traces of reticulation. Beneath smoky brown with faint reticulation. Expanse 30 mm. Habitat: San Benito, Texas (April 24-30). 1$. Type, Coll. Barnes. The species at first sight greatly resembles Fania nanus Stkr. but apart from a somewhat different arrangement of the lines and reticulations differs in the venation of the secondaries in which veins 6 and 7 are well stalked and veins 4 and 5 connate from the end of the 'cellula intrusa' which is only faintly developed owing to the partial obsolescence of the discocellular vein. We place the species provisionally in Acossus, until more material is obtainable, as it seems to show considerable affinity to tmdosus Lint. ; it is however very much smaller than this species. 35 NOTES ON WALKER'S TYPES OF GEOMETRI- DAE IN THE D'URBAN COLLECTION Through the kindness of the Rev. Dr. Bethune we have recently had the opportunity of examining the D'Urban Collection of N. Amer- ican Lepidoptera, now the property of the Entomological Society of Ontario and contained in their collection at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. This collection contains a number of specimens which served as types to Francis Walker of the British Museum, the descriptions of the species occuring both in Walker's Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the British Museum and also in a paper by Mr. D'Urban in the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist Vols. V and VI on the Lepid- optera of the Rouge River. Our attention was largely confined to the Geometridae and as the results obtained from an examination of these types vary considerably from the idea of the species as given in Dyar's Catalogue, we offer the following notes with a view to clear- ing up the synonymy of the species involved. We might preface our remarks by stating that none of the speci- mens actually are marked with the word 'type', except in some few instances where Dr. Bethune has recently labelled them as such; the specimens however, bear Walker's written label containing the name of the species and very often the letter 'n', presumably an abbrevia- tion for 'nova' ; in some few instances there has evidently been an unfortunate shifting of labels, due doubtless to the many hands the collection has passed through since its original determination by Walker and it has been necessary to check up each presumable 'type' with the original description before definitely pronouncing it to be the true type. As far as our present knowledge goes there are twenty-five pre- sumable species of Geometridcu described by Walker, the types of which are stated to be contained in the D'Urban Collection ; in the fol- lowing notes we treat the species in their order of publication, irrespec- tive of their present position in our lists. Ellopia aequaliaria Wlk. (1860, C. B. M. XX, 164). This species has been listed as a synonym of fiscellaria Gn., but the specimen so labelled, which agrees excellently with the description, does not at all agree with Oberthur's figure of Guenee's type (Et. de 36 Lep. Comp. VI, PI. 156, fig. 1511) ; on the contrary the type of cequal- iaria would appear to be a normal specimen of athasaria Wlk. which was described from a specimen in which the cross lines were unusually close together. Packard already suggested this synonymy (Mon. Geom. p. 495) and we would point out in confirmation of this reference that the description does not call for any orange border to the dark cross lines. Endropia effecta Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G. V, 260; effectaria, 1862, C. B. M. XXVI, 1504). The specimen bearing Walker's label is a 2 of Sabulodes trans- versata and quite in discrepancy with the original description which calls for a $ , a much notched exterior border of hind wings and the middle and exterior lines very distinct on underside; we imagine that the label has been at some time or other wrongly transferred to this specimen and are strengthened in this belief by the fact that a $ speci- men agreeing in all particulars with the description and also with our usual conception of the species is present in the collection without any written label ; this specimen is in all probability the true type. In any case we can see no grounds for accepting the transversata specimen as type nor for changing the usual idea of the species. Endropia annisaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G. V, p. 260; aniusaria, 1862, C. B. M. XXVI, 1507). There are no specimens in the collection bearing this name; the species was described from a $ and $ and has generally been con- ceded to be a synonym of ribearia Fitch; a $ and a 5 of this latter species are present in the collection without labels and as they agree well with the description we believe them to be the true types from which the labels have possibly dropped off and been lost ; in any case the synonymy need not be changed. Biston ursaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 261 ; C. B. M. XXI, 304). The type specimen is present and confirms the general conception of the species. Acidalia similaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 261-2; C. B. M. XXVI, 1592). On the authority of Dr. Hulst (Ent. News, VI, 72) this species has been considered the same as quadrilineata Pack, and this appears 37 to be borne out by the specimen labelled similaria in the collection ; un- fortunately however for this reference all the Acidalia species of this group have a distinctly black front whereas the original description of similaria just as distinctly states that the head is white, besides dis- agreeing in other particulars. We believe that this is another case of interchanging of labels and that a poor ? specimen of what appears to be Cabera erythemaria Gn., masquerading in the collection under the label Numeria inceptaria (which it cannot possibly be), is probably the true type of similaria. The description would certainly apply much better to erythemaria than to any of the known white species of Acida- lia and we would suggest therefore the sinking of similaria to erythe- maria. We point out later our grounds for believing that the name to be employed for what has been called similaria Wlk, is really junctaria Wlk. Acidalia anticaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 262; 1862, C. B. M., XXVI, 1593). The specimen under this label, which agrees excellently with the original description, we cannot separate from strongly marked speci- mens of the common Eastern species, inductata Gn., and believe the name should fall as a synonym. Pellonia successaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 262; 1862, C. B. M., XXVI, 1617). This is correctly listed as a synonym of Hcematopis grataria Fabr. Lozogramma sub^quaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 262; 1862, C. B. M. XXVI, 1660). The usual conception of this series is correct; the name subae- quaria will however take priority over defluata Wlk. which was not published until 1861 (Cat. B. M. XXIII, 984) ; the earlier publication of subcequaria in the Can. Naturalist appears to have been overlooked by Hulst in his compilation in Dyar's Catalogue. Numeria inceptaria Wlk. ( 1860, C. N. & G., V, 263 ; 1862, C. B. M., XXVI, 1667). As stated above the specimen bearing this label in the collection is a Cabera erythemaria Gn. and cannot possibly be made to fit in with the original description which reads as follows: 'Male. Cinereous, slender, minutely speckled. Antennae rather broadly pectinated. Wings with a slender blackish marginal line. Forewings hardly 38 acute, with two slight oblique undulating blackish lines and with a diffuse and indistinct submarginal brown line; discal lunule small, blackish. Hindwings with two somewhat diffuse, brown lines. Length of body, 5 lines ; of the wings, 12 lines.' We found nothing in the collection that would fit in with the above description; the species was unknown to Packard; Hulst (Ent. News, VI, 11), on the strength of Moffat's determination, placed the species as synonymous with argillacearia Pack, but quite recently Swett (C. Ent. 48, 253) takes exception to this and claims the two are distinct ; we certainly agree with him in the light of the description but confess our inability to correctly identify the species ; perhaps some of our Montreal friends who have collected in the Rouge River region can solve the problem; for the present inceptaria Wlk. must remain one of the troublesome 'unknowns.' Anisopteryx restituens Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 263; 1862, C. B. M., XXVI, 1696). Correctly placed as a synonym of pometaria Harris. Scotosia affirmaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 264). This species seems to have been omitted in Dyar's Catalogue; it proves to be the same species as Triphosa indubitata Grt. and takes priority over Grote's name; Hulst (Ent. News, VI, 43) also gives this reference but confuses affirmaria Wlk. with Scotosia affirmata Gn. from Brasil, probably dropping the former name as a homonym; as however Guenee's species will doubtless fall into a different genus we imagine that the use of Triphosa affirmaria Wlk. for our N. American species will be permissable. Macaria spilosaria Wlk. (1860, C. N. & G., V, 266; 1862, C. B. M., XXVI, 1641). This name seems to have been omitted from Dyar's list ; the speci- men in the collection is labelled 'Cidaria? spilosaria', agrees well with the original description and proves to be a specimen of Earophila va- saliata Gn. of the unicolorous brown form. Hulst states that the type is lost (Ent. News, VI, 105) but he was presumably misled by the dif- ferent generic reference ; in our opinion there is no question as to the authenticity of the type. 39 Cleora tinctaria Wlk. (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 486; distinctaria D'Urban, 1861, C. N. & G., VI, 39). Considerable confusion exists concerning the three Cleora species and the five Boarmia species described by Walker in the Addenda to Part XXI of his Catalogue (pp. 486-9) and listed as being in the D'Urban Collection; of these eight species Hulst lists the types of Cleora tinctaria, Boarmia convergaria and B. ejectaria as lost and refers these names in Dyar's Catalogue to patnpinaria Gn., larvaria Gn. and hutnaria Gn. respectively. If we now turn to D'Urban's paper in the Can Nat. VI, 39 we find that he also lists three Cleora species and five Boarmia species as new but omits the descriptions of all except Cleora limitaria, the description of which tallies with that given by Walker in his catalogue ; with regard to the other two Cleora species it may be noted that he lists diversaria Wlk. which evidently is divisaria as published by Walker, his third species beeng distinctaria Wlk. which just as evidently may be held to be the tinctaria of the catalogue. Turn- ing to the Boarmia species we find cineraria Wlk. listed as cunearia, convergaria as converzaria, and Boarmia? ejectaria not mentioned at all, but in its place a Boarmia? patularia, the query following the generic reference making it almost certain that both names refer to the same species ; it would seem that Walker for some reason or other had, in publishing his descriptions, not rigidly adhered to the names placed originally on D'Urban's specimens and this would at once ac- count for the fact that Hulst could receive from Dr. Moffat no word of the types of tinctaria and ejectaria as these were labelled respectively distinctaria and patularia. Taking the species in order we would note that the specimen la- belled C. distinctaria exists in the collection and agrees so well with Walker's description of C. tintaria that we have no hesitation in accept-, ing it as the type of this species ; unfortunately only the fore wings are left to the specimen, but these are sufficient to show that the species has nothing in common with pampinaria but is really what has been passing under the name of Orthofidonia exornata Wlk., the type being a rather pale and worn specimen ; the name tinctaria will take priority. Cleora limitaria Wlk. (1860, C. B. M. XXI, 487; 1861, C. N. & G., VI, 39). The present reference of this species to the genus Nyctobia is cor- rect. 40 Cleora divisaria (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 487; diversaria D'Urban, 1861, C. N. & G, VI, 39). The reference of this species to Hydriomena autumnalis would seem to be correct ; we could not exactly match the type, which is worn, with a specimen of the latter species from Ottawa, Ont., which we had taken with us but believe the slight differences presented would fall under the category of individual variation; the type shows great re- semblance to a figure before us of the type of renunciata Wlk. in the British Museum. Boarmia inordinary Wlk. (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 488; 1861, C. N. & G., VI, 39). If the ordinary identification of granitata Gn. is correct then the reference of inordinaria to this species will hold ; the type is a rather well marked specimen of the common pine feeder of the northern woods, the many forms of which have received various names from Walker e. g. dispuncta, irregulata, retinotata etc. ; as far as our present knowledge goes it would best be placed as a synonym of dispuncta. Boarmia cineraria Wlk. (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 488; cunearia D'Urban, 1861, C. N. & G., VI, 39). The specimen labelled cunearia is present and appears correctly referred to Ectropis crcpuscularia D. & S. ; it is a large, pale and strongly marked male. Boarmia convergaria Wlk. (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 488; conver- zaria, D'Urban, 1861, C. N. & G., VI, 39). The type of this has apparently been destroyed as only a pin with the name label is present in the collection. We cannot however see how this species can possibly be placed as a synonym of larvaria Gn. as the description, which we append, calls for a totally different insect : — 'Male. Whitish with numerous and irregular brown speckles which are here and there confluent on the fore wings. Head and thorax brownish. Antennae moderately pectinated except at the tips. Wings beneath with a black discal dot. Fore wings irregularly banded. Hind wings white with a few irregular brown marks. Length of body 4 lines, of the wings 11 lines.' In our opinion there is much more chance of convergaria being one of the forms of Eufidonia notataria Wlk. than of any other species we know ; the locality and size would agree and there is nothing in the 41 description which would definitely prevent this association, especially with such a form as bicoloraria Minot. Boarmia ejectaria Wlk. (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 489; patularia D'Urban, 1861, C. N. & G., VI., 39). We have already stated our reasons for believing that the speci- men marked patularia in the collection is the type of ejectaria Wlk.; this specimen agrees well with the original description of ejectaria and proves to be a specimen of the ordinary pale brownish form of cana- daria Gn. ; this reference of ejectaria to canadaria would to us seem far more probable than that of Hulst's to humaria Gn., which latter species can hardly be said to fit in well with Walker's description. Boarmia divisaria (1860, C. B. M., XXI, 489; 1861, C. N. & G. VI, 39). The reference of this species as a synonym of abraxaria Wlk. is correct. Acidalia junctaria Wlk. (1861, C. N. & Geol., VI, 39; 1862, C. B. M., XXVI, 1593). The $ bearing this label is very poor but would appear to bear out Grote's reference of the species (C. Ent. IX, 27) to vestaliata Gn. ; the original description of the species however leads us to believe that this specimen cannot be considered to be the true type as Walker dis- tinctly states that the head is black in front which is certainly not the case with the labelled specimen. It would almost seem as if the labels of junctaria, similaria and Numeria inceptaria had become loose at some time or other and then been replaced on the wrong specimens for certainly the description of junctaria would fit much better to what has been called similaria than the original description of this latter species does ; as it is in all cases this original description which defines the species rather than any so-called type specimen we believe we are justified in applying the name junctaria in the above sense. Macaria subapiciaria Wlk. (1861, C. N. & G., VI, 40; 1862, C. B. M. XXI, 1641). Grote's reference of this species to inordinaria Wlk. (C. Ent. IX 27) is correct; the ground color is rather more evenly gray than in this latter species but the difference is only slight. 42 Melanippe propriaria Wlk. (1861, C. N. & G., VI, 40; 1861, C. B. M., XXV, 1293). The reference to albovittata Gn. is correct. Cosemia? palparia Wlk. (1861, C. N. & G., VI, 40; 1862, C. B. M., XXV., 1309). Grote referred this species to the genus Bomolocha, but the name has been apparently dropped from our lists ; the species proves to be the same as that described later by Grote as Bomolocha scutellaris and palparia Wlk. will take priority therefore over Grote's name. Cidaria lactispargaria Wlk. (1861, C. N. & G., VI, 41 ; 1862, C. B. M., XXV, 1387). This species, listed by Dyar as latispargaria, is correctly placed as a synonym of Homochlodes fritellaria Gn. 44 PLATE I Fig. 1. Conistra fringata B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 2. Rynchagrotis orbipuncta B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 3. Polia brenda B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 4. Melipotis brunneifasciata B. & McD. Type $ Fig. 5. Acossus connectus B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 6. Crambodes lunata B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 7. Nocloa torniplaga B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 8. Oncocnemis sagittata B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 9. Xanthorhoe alticolata B. & McD. Type 5. Fig. 10. Sicya olivata B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 11. Euchlaena detractaria B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 12. Ellopia phantoma 5. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 13. Lycimna peccaria B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 14. Lycimna peccaria B. & McD. Type 9. Fig. 15. Sabulodes triangulata B. & McD. Type 9. Fig. 16. Gonodontis macularia B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 17. Polia delecta B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 18. Eriopyga discreta B. & McD. Type $. Plate I 3 1 %m^ 3 I ijNffeSfc! £ • 1 % ii S ;« ■-.'•- * :x> /* 46 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. PLATE II Cochisea sinuaria B. & McD. Type $ . Cochisea rigidaria B. & McD. Type $ . Cochisea rigidaria B. & McD. Type 2 . Pterotaea tremularia B. & McD. Type $ . Drepanulatrix lutearia B. & McD. Type $ . Drepanulatrix lutearia B. & McD. Paratype 2 . Hydriomena terminipunctata B. & McD. Paratype Perizoma tahoensis B. & McD. Type 8 . Pterotaea serrataria B. & McD. Type 2 . Chlorosea pulcherrima B. & McD. Type $. Drepanulatrix secundaria B. & McD. Paratype $. Drepanulatrix secundaria B. & McD. Type 2. Nepytia regulata B. & McD. Type $. Cleora perpictaria B. & McD. Type $ . Lithostege deserticola B. & McD. Paratype $ . Itame perornata B. & McD. Type $ . Morina curvata B. & McD. Type $ . Parexcelsa inconspicuaria B. & McD. Type $ . Plate II mm \yf w&> 4m 48 PLATE III Fig. 1. Stilbia fotelloides B. & McD. Type 5 . Fig. 2. Oxycilla basipallida B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 3. Anarta sierrae B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 4. Anarta sierrae laertidia B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 5. Dyspyralis noloides B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 6. Tarachidia albitermen B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 7. Stiriodes virida B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 8. Stiria olivalis B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 9. Leucocnemis obscurella B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 10. Phobolosia bilineata B. & McD. Paratype 9. Fig. 11. Catabena pronuba B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 12. Epizeuxis punctalis 5. & McD. Type #. Fig. 13. Grotella citronella B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 14. Euaontia clarki B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 15. Phoenicophanta bicolor B. & McD. Type 9 . Fig. 16. Schinia cupes deserticola B. & McD. Type $ Fig. 17. Copanarta sexpunctata B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 18. Plataea triangulata B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 19. Lithostege marcata B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 20. Perizoma epictata B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 21. Apterona f ragilis B. & McD. Type $ . Fig. 22. Chamseclea basiochrea B. & McD. Type 9. Fig. 23. Phytometra apicata B. & McD. Paratype $. Fig. 24. Phytometra curvata B. & McD. Type $. Fig. 25. Tarachidia albimargo B. & McD. Type 9. Plate III INDEX Page abraxaria Wlk 41 aequaliaria Wlk 35 affirmaria Wlk 38 affirmata Gn 38 albimargo B. & McD 15 albitermen B. & McD 16 albovittata Gn 42 alcandola Sm 6 alticolata B. & McD 23 annisaria Wlk 36 aniusaria Wlk 36 anticaria Wlk 37 apicata B. & McD 18 argillacearia Pack 38 argillaria Hist 32 aterrima Grt 14 athasaria Wlk 36 autumnalis Strom 40 basiochrea B. & McD 12 basipallida B. & McD 17 bicolor B. & McD 15 bicoloraria Minot 41 bicolorata B. & McD 16 bifilata Hulst 25 bilineata B. & McD 14 brenda B. & McD 7 brimlevana Dyar 15 brunneifasciata B. & McD. canadaria Gn cariosa Hist carnearia Hist celataria Hist cineraria Wlk citronella B. & McD clarki B. & McD coniferaria Grossb connectus B. & McD convergaria Wlk converzaria D' Urban crepuscularia D. & S crotcbi Hy. Edzv cunearia D'Urban cupes Grt. 17 41 28 25 26 40 25 16 27 34 40 40 40 5 40 5 curvata B. & McD (Morina) ... 27 curvata B.&McD. (Phytometra) 18 Page curvilinea Hist 24 cyriades Druce 23 defluata Wlk 37 delecta B. & McD 7 deserticola B. & McD. (Lith- ostege) 20 deserticola B. & McD. (Schinia) 5 designata Hufn 23 detractaria B. & McD 32 devia Grt 10 discistriga Sm 12 discreta B. & McD 8 dispuncta Wlk 40 dissimilis B. & McD 14 distincta Hbn 7 distinctaria D'Urban 39 distycharia Gn 32 diversaria D'Urban 40 divisaria Wlk. (Boarmia) 41 divisaria Wlk. (Cleora) 40 dubia B. & McD 8 effecta Wlk 36 effectaria Wlk 36 ejectaria Wlk 41 elegans Grossb 21 epictata B. & McD 24 erytbemaria Gn 37 exornata Wlk 39 fiscellaria Gn 35 flavifera Hamp 15 flavilinearia B. & McD 31 fotelloides B. & McD 11 fragilis B. & McD 34 f ringata B. & McD 9 f ritellaria Gn 42 fumosa Stkr 17 galbanaria Hist 32 glenwoodata Swett 22 goodelli Grt 8 grandimacula Schaus 15 granitata Gn 40 grataria Fabr 37 groteana Dyar 14 Page humaria Gn 41 humerata Sm 19 hutsoni Sm 13 illocata Warr 19 inceptaria Wlk 37, 41 inconspicuaria B. & McD 30 indubitata Grt 38 inductata Gn 37 inordinaria Wlk 40 irregulata Wlk 40 junctaria Wlk 41 lactispargaria Wlk 42 laertes Sm 7 laertidia B. & McD 7 laeta Hist 31 larvaria Gn 40 leucorena Sm 12 limitaria Wlk 39 lineata Hist 31 lunataB. & McD 11 lutearia B. & McD 25 macularia B & McD 32 mania Stkr 8 marcata B. & McD 21 matalia Druce 33 mediodentata B. & McD 22 melanopa Thun 7 minorata Grt 11 modesta Hy. Edw 16 neda Druce 31 nevadaria Hist 25 nigrovenaria Pack 27 noloides B. & McD 19 notataria Wlk 40 obscurella B. & McD 10 ocellaria Grossb 32 olivata B. & McD 31 olivalis B. & McD 12 orbipuncta B. & McD 6 osculata Hist 25 palparia Wlk 42 pampinaria Gn 39 patularia D'Urban 41 paviae Behr 8 peccataria B. & McD 32 perfundis Sm 10 perornata B. & McD 26 Page pernana Grt 12 perpictaria B. & McD 29 phantoma B. & McD 31 plana Grt 18 pometaria Harr 38 pronuba B. & McD 10 propriaria Wlk 42 pulcherrima B. & McD 20 punctalis B. & McD 19 quadraria Grt 25 quadrilineata Pack 36 regulata B. & McD 26 renunciata Wlk 40 restituens Wlk 38 retinotata Wlk 40 ribearia Fitch 36 rigidaria B. & M. D 29 sagittata B. & McD (Catabena) 10 sagittata B. & McD (Oncocne- mis) 9 scira Druce 16 scutellaris Grt 42 secundaria B. & McD 25 semiclusaria Wlk 27 semirufa B. & McD 16 serrataria B. & McD 28 sexpunctata B. & McD 14 sierrae B. & McD 6 similaria Wlk 36, 41 similaris Hist 22 sinuaria B. & McD 30 spaldingi B & McD 5 spilosaria Wlk 38 subaequaria Wlk 37 subapiciaria Wlk 41 successaria Wlk 2>7 tahoensis B. & McD 23 tepperi Morr 13 terminipunctata B. & McD.... 22 tinctaria Wlk 39 torniplaga B. & McD 13 tremularia B. & McD 27 triangularia B. & McD 27 triangulata B. & McD 33 triseriata Pack 21 undosus Lint 34 nrsaria Wlk 36 vasaliata Gn 38 vestaliata Gn 41 virida B. & McD 13 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA VOL. Ill No. 2 NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA BY WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D. AND J. H. McDUNNOUGH, Ph. D. DECATUR. ILL. THE REVIEW PRESS DECEMBER 5. 1916 Published Under the Patronage of Miss Jessie D. Gillett Elkhart, 111. INTRODUCTION In a recent re-arrangement and revision of the Diurnals in the Barnes' Collection we have been struck not only by the difficulty in determining what is the nimotypical form of a given species but also by the numerous errors which occur in the literature regarding many of the species especially in such difficult groups as the Melitaeas and Lycaenids, one of the worst offenders in this respect being W. G. Wright, whose "Butterflies of the Pacific Coast" fairly bristles with errors. We offer the following notes based on a study of the material in the collection and also of many of the still existant type specimens in various museum collections and trust that they may serve as a spur to collectors to endeavor to clear up the still doubtful points, many of which can only be solved by patient work in the type localities of the species. 53 NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA PAPILIONIDAE P. americus Koll. (PI. IV, Fig. 1). This species is figured by Edwards (Butt. N. Am. Ill, Pap. Ill) and listed as having been captured by the Wheeler Expedition in Arizona. Rothschild and Jordan in their revision of N. Am. Papilios (p. 542) cast doubt on this record and imagine some mistake in labelling has occurred. A couple of years ago we received a batch of Papilio pupae from Mr. C. Biederman of Palmerlee, Ariz, which hatched out in the early spring into normal astcrius with the excep- tion of one 9 which proved to be almost an exact counterpart of Edwards' figure of americus, the color being merely slightly paler and the abdomen lacking the subdorsal rows of spots and having in their place a broad lateral stripe; we at first took it to be orcgonia but the cell on the underside of the primaries showed no trace of yellow shad- ing and precluded association with this species. We could detect no difference in the pupae and can only conclude that occasionally speci- mens of asterius occur in Arizona which can scarcely be separated from americus; this is all the more strange as the 2 form in this region tends to a diminution of the yellow markings rather than to an increase of the same. We figure the specimen in question. P. glaucus Linn. (PI. IV, Figs. 3, 4). The race described as canadensis by Rothschild & Jordan (1906, Rev. Am. Pap. p. 586 (Aug.)) was apparently described a few months later by Skinner as rutulus var. arcticus (Ent. News. XVII, 378, Dec). The typical form of canadensis is from Newfoundland and that of arcticus from Alaska; we have specimens before us from both localities and from many intermediate points and fail to find any marked points of distinction between them ; we imagine the race is common to the whole of Northern America even extending down into the higher portions of New York state; canadensis resembles rutulus in having the submarginal yellow spots on the underside of the primaries more or less united into a band and this doubtless led Skinner to place arcticus as a race of rutulus; on the other hand the orange costal spot at the apex of the secondaries points very de- 54 cidedly towards glaucus and doubtless the structural characters of the $ genitalia show similar affinities as Rothschild & Jordan have referred the race to glaucus rather than to rutulus. We might note that we have a specimen of typical rutulus as well as several of canadensis from Chatanika, Alaska, proving that both species occur in the far north; our Alaskan rutulus can hardly be distinguished from Californian specimens although the marginal yellow lunules are considerably reduced which may or may not be a racial char- acter; it differs markedly from canadensis in its larger size, almost entire lack of orange submarginal shading on underside and in hav- ing the discal black dash on the underside of the secondaries sprinkled with blue scales. We figure both sides of the $ canadensis from Alaska. P. aliaska Scud. (PI. IV, Fig. 2). Verity has made aliaska synonymous with kamtschadalis, fol- lowing Holland's figure (Butt. Book PI. 41, Fig. 1) and redescribed the true aliaska as machaon var. joannisi from Numato, Alaska, one of the type localities of aliaska. There is no doubt from Scudder's original description that the form to which he applied the name aliaska is what Verity has redescribed ; whether Holland's figured specimen really came from Alaska or not is an interesting point for collectors to clear up; if it be correct we would then have two dis- tinct forms of machaon in our northern fauna differing in the width of the black submarginal band of secondaries; the few authentic specimens we personally have seen have all been of the form aliaska; we figure one of these from Rampart House as Verity's work is not very accessible to American entomologists. PARNASSIIDAE P. smintheus Dbldy. & Hew. (PI. V. Figs. 1-6). Considerable misconception exists concerning the typical form of this species ; Edwards and other authors have treated the Color- ado form, such as is figured in Butt. N. Am. I, PI. II, as the nimo- typical race. We find however that the types of smintheus (3 $ , 1 9 in the British Museum) were collected by Lord Derby in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and Sir Geo. Hampson, who has been kind enough to examine them for us, writes that 'it is the ordin- ary Canadian Rockies form found at Laggan and Banff', i. e. the 55 small form which has usually gone under the name of nanus Neum. An examination of the 3 and 9 types of nanus in the Neumoegen Collection has shown us that while the 9 's are normal and typical smintheus the $ type is of an aberrant form in which the red ocelli of the secondaries are wanting, the costal one being replaced by a black ocellus and the discal one being entirely missing; these types have recently been figured by Dr. Skinner (1916 Ent. News, p. 210-16) ; a tendency to such forms is found in all specimens from the higher altitudes of Colorado (over 10,000 ft.) and presumably other states and the race described by Stichel as mcndica (Gen. In- sect. Parn. 20, 1907) from Montana, B. C. and Colorado we do not believe can be separated from typical nanus. Another similar form is minor Verity from the neighborhood of Laggan. The 5 's of all these small races, whether from the far north or from the high peaks of Colorado show a marked tendency to become suffused with black; the name hcrmodur was given by Hy. Edwards to such a 9 from S. Colorado and the type which we have examined can scarce- ly be separated from the normal 9 smintheus of the Laggan region ; it is figured by Dr. Skinner in the above mentioned article. Although in our opinion all the above mentioned names are practically synonymous in that specimens agreeing with each of the types may be picked out of any good series from either Colorado or Laggan, still, if it be considered necessary to keep the high altitude form of Colorado separate from the form of the Canadian Rockies, the name hcrmodur Hy. Edw. might be correctly used for this Col- orado race ; nanus Neum. may be applied in sens, strict, to the aber- rational form of typical smintheus, whilst mendica Stichel and minor Verity must fall to either hcrmodur or nanus. We figure two pairs of hermodur from Silverton, Colo. (10,000 ft.) which will serve to illustrate the great variability found in the species even in one local- ity; the dark 9 is Verity's nigerrima. For the form common in the lower altitudes of Colorado and adjoining states which is figured by Edwards as typical smintheus and which is distinguished by its larger size and pale white 9 's the name sayi Edw. may apparently be used. The type of sayi is lost but the description points to this form in the measurements given (2y2 in.), and Edwards himself states (Butt. N. Am. Parn. II) that he considers it to be merely an extreme form with the red costal 56 spots of primaries lacking. We figure a $ and $ of this race from Provo, Utah. In the central regions of Brit. Columbia at lower altitudes and extending down through Eastern Washington, Idaho, and Montana we find a very large form with the 2 's more heavily marked with black than in sayi Edw. and tending towards hcrmodur in everything except size. This has been named magnus by Wright in his Butter- flies of the West Coast and renamed pscudocorybas by Verity (Rhop. Pal. 107, 1909) ; the specimens figured by Wright as hermodur (1. c. PI. II, Fig. 6) are typical pscudocorybas but we cannot separate this from magnus (which is figured on the same plate) ; in the series from various localities before us we have specimens which would fit either figure equally well. In the Southern Sierras the form bchri Edw. with yellow or orange spots instead of red seems fairly constant; niger Wright may be an extreme aberration of this race, although superficially it agrees with nanus or mcndica. In the light of the above remarks we offer the following group- ing:— smintheus Dbl. & Hew. Can. Rockies. ah. nanus Neum. mcndica Stichel minor Verity form alt. hermodur Hy. Edw. Rocky Mts. of Colorado (high al- titudes). ab. nigerrima Verity. a magnus Wright. Cent. B. C, Idaho, Mont. pscudocorybas Verity. b sayi Edw. Colorado (low altitudes) Utah. c behri Edzv. High Sierras, Calif. ab. niger Wright, d. apricatus Stichel. Alaska. P. clodius Men. Stichel's arrangement of this species seems in general satisfac- tory; the type form is the large Californian race taken at medium altitudes ; this grades into the high altitude form baldnr Hy. Edw. of the Sierra Nevadas which is considerably smaller in size and tends to a reduction of the red spots of secondaries (form menetricsi Hy. Edw.) culminating in ab. lusca Stichel in which the posterior spot is 57 a mere black dot. The large race from Vancouver Is. and Wash- ington State with prominent subterminal lunules on the secondaries in the $ sex has been named claudianus Stichel and this form seems to intergrade in Washington with a race from Montana called by Stichel gallatinus and based on Elrods's figures (Butt. Mont. p. 16, Fig. 15/16) ; we have no Montana material but doubt whether the character mentioned by Stichel vis. that in the $ the postdiscal costal streak is joined by a band to the black spot of the inner margin, will hold good for all Montana males. Altaurus Dyar is based on speci- mens from Alturus Lake, Idaho with yellow instead of red spots ; whether this is mere individual aberration or a race such as behri of smintheus remains to be determined. Immaculata Skin. (Ent. News XXII, 108) is probably an aberration with red spots of sec- ondaries lacking and lorquini Oberthur a still more extreme aber- ration with great reduction of the black patches on primaries as well as on secondaries. PIERIDAE Pieris napi. L. (PI. VI, Figs. 1-10; PI. VII, Figs. 1, 2). Verity has lately (Rhop. Pal. Vol. I) dealt at considerable length with the various races and forms of this species ; we offer the fol- lowing remarks as to an arrangement of our North American races as it is probable that Verity's work is inaccessible to the majority of Am- erican entomologists. It is doubtful if napi as typified by the central European spring form and as figured in Seitz Fauna Pal. Vol. I, PI. 21, b is found in this country; specimens from the higher altitudes of Colorado (Sil- verton 10,000 ft.), where it is single brooded, are however very close, although in the 9 's the black dots of primaries are practically obsolete. For this race, which seems to warrant a name, we would propose using pseudonapi and figure the type $ and 9 taken at Silverton, Colo. (Figs. 1, 2) in the last week of July; the 9 's of our series are variable in the amount of black markings, tending in this respect to- ward cruciferarum Bdv. ; we figure one of the palest ones (Fig. 3). In the extreme north three distinct forms are separable ; in the inland Arctic region (Barren Plains) we have the form arctica Verity with strongly blackish marked veins on the underside in both sexes and on the upper side in the 9 ; there is however no suffusion of black and the markings are clear cut ; we figure a $ and 9 from Chatanika, Alaska (Figs. 6,7). Along the Alaskan coast we meet with the form 58 pscudobryoniae Verity which is what has been considered until re- cently to be bryoniae Ochs., a race now restricted to the Alps of Europe; Wright's figures (Butt. W. Coast PI. VI, Fig. 43b and 42bb) are typical of the variation of the 9 . On the numerous islands of the Behring Sea and Alaskan coast the form hulda Edw. is found in which the secondaries on the under side are almost totally suffused with greenish in the $ sex, leaving only dashes of yellowish ground color ; the 9 's are usually less suffused and on the upper side are intermediate between arctica and pscudobryoniae ; we figure a S underside and 9 upperside (Figs. 8, 9). Three forms have been described from the north eastern coast, viz. frigida Scud., borcalis Grt. and acadica Edw. According to speci- mens in the Scudder Collection at Cambridge from Labrador labelled frigida this form is the spring generation of the race of which acadica Edw. is the partial second generation ; we have specimens of frigida from Newfoundland captured in July and figure a $ and 9 (PI. VII, Figs. 1, 2) ; the specimen figured by W. H. Edwards (Pap. I, PI. II, Fig. 4) as 9 bryoniae from Newfoundland is really the 9 of frigida of which Scudder only had $ 's. Borealis Grt. is said by the author to differ from frigida by the less elongate hind wings ; we do not know the form nor have any information regarding the location of the types; if Edwards' figure is correct (1. c. Fig. 9) it must be very close to frigida. The spring race oleracea Harr. and its summer form crucifer- arum Bdv. {oleracea-acstiva Edw.) are too well known to need dis- cussing; we might remark that we have forms from high altitudes in California which cannot be well separated from oleracea, lacking as they do the heavy black spot of vcnosa, the usual spring form of the west coast. Marginalis Scud, has for some reason or other been sunk as a synonym of rapac although the original description states that the underside is as in venosa, a feature which cannot possibly apply to rapae; it was described from two specimens, the $ from the Gulf of Georgia and the 9 from Crescent City, Calif. ; the $ will hold the name and the type locality will be either in the vicinity of Victoria or Vancouver, B. C, or possibly on the north coast of Washington State ; we do not know the exact localities in which Agassiz collected his material labelled 'Gulf of Georgia' ; pallida Scud, from the same locality appears to be a form of marginalis with only slight traces of 59 dark markings on the veins of underside; it is probable that these two forms represent the spring and summer generations, but our dated material from the type localities is too scanty to settle this point. Wright's figures (1. c. PI. VI, Figs. 45b and 45c) possibly represent marginalis as they were captured in May ; they are certainly not venosa as he lists them ; his figures 45 and 46b represent the two sexes of pallida. In Utah we meet with a second generation (July, August) which is extremely pale, being practically immaculate in both sexes on both sides; the underside is tinged with pale yellow on secondaries and apex of primaries and the 9 on the upperside of primaries shows faint traces of upper black spot; it is a further development of cas- toria apparently differing from both this form and pallida in the re- duction of the black spots in the 9 ; we propose the name pallidissima for the race and figure the type $ and 9 from Provo, Utah (Fks 4, 5, 10). P. NELSONI Edw. This appears to us, after an examination of the type, to be nothing but a northern form of occidentalis Reak. ; the maculation of the un- derside of the secondaries is practically identical with that of the spring form calyce Edw. and the gray-brown color emphasized by Edwards in his description is largely due to the worn nature of the single specimen from which the description was made. The only marked point of distinction for nelsoni is the narrowness of the discal black mark on the primaries and a small series from Alaska before us shows considerable variation in this respect, some specimens hav- ing the mark as broad as in calyce and others agreeing with the figure of nelsoni (Butt. N. Am. II, Pieris I.). Euchloe creusa Dbldy. This species and its various forms are extremely difficult to elucidate and it is impossible for us to satisfactorily establish at the present moment whether we are dealing with several forms or races of one species or several closely allied species. The misidentification of the true creusa is responsible for a good deal of the confusion in nomenclature ; the types of this species are in the British Museum and were taken by Lord Derby in the Canadian Rocky Mts. ; they are figured by Verity (Rhop. Pal. Vol. I, PI. 68, Figs. 8-10) and a recent examination by ourselves confirms Verity's opinion that these are the 60 true types; as Butler has already pointed out (Can. Ent. XXXI, 19, 1899) this is exactly the same form as that described and figured by Beutenmuller in his revision of the genus Euchloe (Bull. Am. Mus. N. Hist. X, 243, 1898) as elsa; it is apparently a northern race dis- tinguished by its heavy green markings on underside of secondaries leaving only traces of the white ground color visible. Creusa, being the oldest name, must be used for the species collectively. Since Beutenmuller's revision of the group Verity has attempted to deal with our North American forms in his Rhop. Pal. Vol. I, pp. 181 and 338/9 but, apart from overlooking Beutenmuller's paper, he has, we fear, only added to the confusion by describing several forms as new which have already been named ; he attempts to divide the group into spring and summer generations following the example of the European belia and ausonia, but from the fragmentary accounts we have been able to glean in the literature the general consensus of opinion among collectors is that the American forms are single brooded (vide Edwards, Can. Ent. XXIV, 109; Butt. N. Am. Vol. II, Antho- charis ausonides, text). Hyantis Edw. (creusa Beut. et Auct.) appears to be the Calif or- nian race of creusa; it was originally described from Mendocino Co., but apparently occurs through a good proportion of the Sierras ; Dr. McDunnough took it sparingly in the Shasta region in June and Dr. Barnes in the Lake Tahoe region in June and July ; Verity has re- described it as pseudoausonides, regarding it as the spring form of ausonides; this opinion is evidently refuted by the dates above men- tioned and further by the fact that no second generation nor any specimens of ausonides at all were taken in the above localities ; Ver- ity's orientalides, said by the author himself to be very close to pseu- doausonides, we cannot separate by Verity's figures alone and pre- sume it to be a slight varietal form only ; however an examination of the type material will be necessary to correctly place it. Hyantis may be separated from creusa by the much greater proportion of white on the underside of the secondaries ; in the 2 the general rule seems to be for the discal spot of the primaries to be much larger and more quadrate than in the $ ; Beutenmuller's figure (1. c. PI. XIV, Fig. 2) gives a very accurate idea of this form of which we have a specimen compared with the type; Holland's figure of creusa (Butt. Book PI. 32, Fig. 23) presumably refers to this form, his figure of the under- side however (PI. 34, Fig. 2) is probably referable to lotta Beut. 61 Wright's figures (PI. VII, Figs. 54, 54b, 55, 55b, 55c) we think may all be referred here. The larva of hyantis has been briefly described by Mead from the Yosemite Valley (Psyche, Vol. II, p. 183) and seems to show points of distinction from the description of the larva of ansonidcs found in Edward's Butt. N. Am., Vol. II. ; careful breed- ing and observation by collectors on the spot is however very essen- tial to establish the relationship of the forms and the number of yearly broods. Lotta Beut. is in our opinion a race of this same species from Utah, Arizona and the Rocky Mt. region in which the discal spot of the primaries has become greatly enlarged and quadrate; Verity has redescribed it under the name of bclioidcs; in Utah it occurs from the end of April to the beginning of June and we have a few specimens from Glenwood Spgs., Colo., taken in May; our Arizona material is unfortunately undated ; these Arizona specimens are intermediate between hyantis and Utah specimens of lotta in the size of the discal spot and the amount of green on underside of secondaries; they are figured by Wright (1. c. PI. VII, Figs. 54a, 56b). E. ausonides Bdv. Although it is extremely difficult to point out any definite means of separation between this species and crcusa we incline to think it a distinct species and not a summer form of the preceding as surmised by Verity. The larger size, greenish white ground color in the $ in contrast to the pure white of crcusa, the tendency in the $ 's to show ochreous tinted secondaries and the narrower and yellower character of the markings on the underside of the secondaries with less of the pearly hue on the white portions all point to a specific distinctness; we have further the fact that the larvae as described by Mead and Edwards do not appear identical ; our dated specimens from the lower regions of California (Alameda Co.) show no date later than May; specimens from Mineral King, Tulare Co., at an altitude of about 10,000 feet, were captured in the first week of July, but it is extremely improbable that they were preceded by a spring generation. The species is well figured by Holland (1. c. PI. XXXII, Figs. 24/25) and Wright's figure (PI. VII, Fig. 57c) evidently represents this species also; the type from Coll. Oberthur is figured by Verity (1. c. PI. 37, Fig. 20). The species extends northward into Alaska and eastward into Colorado where it has received the name coloradensis Hy. Edw. of 62 which Montana Verity from Hall Valley, Colo., is apparently a syn- onym; this Colorado race can in our opinion scarcely be separated from the Californian form. ANTHOCHARIS STELLA Edw. This form is characterized in the original description as having the $ pale lemon yellow but the series in the Edwards Collection at Pittsburgh is very varied, both white and yellow forms being labelled Stella in Edwards' handwriting. A $ from Yosemite however agrees with the description and is further labelled 'type' in red ink so we would restrict the type to this specimen as the locality is mentioned in the original description. We doubt if the form is constant. Callidryas eubule L. As stated in the Biologia (p. 141) Linne evidently described this species from a 9 from Carolina and his sennae from a $ from Jamaica. Butler, in his revision of the genus (Lep. Exot. p. 58) re- gards them as two species and his figures are quite accurate; he sep- arates them mainly on the heaviness of the purplish markings on the underside in sennae as compared with eubule and the deeper tone of the ground color. In a pair from Jamaica before us this is certainly very evident, especially in the 9 sex. Typical eubule is the form with the 9 the same yellow color as the $ and with the marginal dark spots confined generally to the ends of the veins and not continuous; this form seems to be the only one in Florida, judging by a long series before us from Palm Beach, Chockoloskee, and Glenwood and extends northward through the Eastern and Middle States. In Texas we meet with a 9 form which has much heavier marginal markings and is either yellow in color with the secondaries considerably tinted with orange or else a very pale whitish ; in Arizona this latter seems to be the usual form. These 9 's approach very close to our Jamaica 9 of sennae; although the ground color of the underside is rather paler, the maculation is just as heavy; the pale 9 may be yamana Reak, but we do not know the type nor where it may be found. In the $ sex the form can scarcely be separated from typical eubule; in general the maculation is heavier and some Arizona specimens agree exactly with our Jamaican $ ; there is also a tendency for the discal spot on underside of primaries to become decidedly larger and more figure-of-eight-shaped ; other 63 Arizona and Texan $ 's from the same localities cannot be separated from $ 's from Florida or the Eastern States ; it is quite possible that the variation is seasonal as we have noticed in the little dated material we possess, that the most heavily marked forms have all been cap- tured in September whilst those from the same region (Huachuca Mts.) taken in July are all more lightly marked. Careful breeding will be necessary to settle the number of generations of this species in the south and the possible variation between the various genera- tions as well as in each generation, nothing definite having to our knowledge ever been published on this subject. We think in view of the fact that Florida 9 's vary so constantly and markedly from the western 9 's that the name sentiae, which, in sens strict, is only appli- cable to the Jamaican race, might for the present with a fair degree of accuracy be applied to the race of eubule from Southern Texas and Arizona. It would be interesting to learn from what further localities the sennac form of 9 is known. Kricogonia lyside Godt. After careful examination of a very long series from Browns- ville, Texas, we have come to the conclusion that this is an extremely variable species and that the various names included as species under this genus are in reality merely 3 or ? forms. Typical lyside is the form with deep yellow base to primaries and no maculation with the exception of a small black streak at base of inner margin on primaries in the $ ; terissa Luc. is the form with a black streak from costal margin of secondaries % across the wing; although Lucas mentions the 9 sex we have only seen $ 's and im- agine it is a male form entirely ; Aaron calls this the summer form (Pap. IV, 174) but all our dates of capture are March which would rather point to its being a spring form; it is figured by Holland (PI. 34, Fig. 20) as lyside. Fantasia Butl. is a 9 form with smoky apex of primaries, the ground color varying from white to yellow ; the base of the wing is generally not noticeably yellow ; this form intergrades with another 9 form, imicolor G. & S., which is entirely immaculate yellow, and which has been redescribed and figured (PI. 26d) as xan- thopsia by Rober in Seitz Macrolepidoptera. Lattice Lint, was a mixture of two forms; the $ as stated by Aaron (1. c. p. 174) is evidently lyside Godt. and the 9 belongs to 64 fantasia Butl. ; the following arrangement seems to be more correct than our present one : lyside Godt. $ lanice Lint. form $ ( ? gen. vern.) terissa Luc. form 9 unicolor G. & S. xanthophila Rob. form ? fantasia Butl. 2 lanice Lint. EURYMUS EURYTHEME Bdv. (PI. VII, FigS. 3-5). Verity has figured the type $ and 2 of this species from the Oberthur Collection in Rhop. Pal. Vol. I, PI. 49, Figs. 42, 43 ; the $ is distinctly what has heretofore been known as ariadne Edw. (Wright PL X, Fig. 77) although Verity states it is keewaydin Edw. This $ does not entirely fit in with Boisduval's short description (Ann. Soc. Fr. 1882, p. 386) which is largely comparative with the Russian chrysotheme and it is possible that his specimens were not all exactly alike; as however he immediately follows the description of eurytheme with that of amphidusa from Northern California, which he compares with the European cdusa (an orange species) and the types of which Verity also figures (1. c. Figs. 44/45) and as amphi- dusa is clearly the eurytheme of Edwards and later authors, it would seem reasonable to suppose that there was really some noticeable dif- ference between eurytheme and amphidusa or Boisduval would scarcely have described them so close together and that therefore the specimens figured by Verity are correct representations of what Bois- duval intended to describe under these two names. Having determined that eurytheme Bdv. is the ariadne of Edwards and that amphidusa Bdv. must be used for the eurytheme of various authors there remains the form keewaydin Edw. to be correctly placed. This form was described in Butt. N. Am., Vol. I, Colias, PI. IV, text, Figs. 1-4; the main description appears to have been drawn up from specimens from California and Texas with varieties from Illinois, but at the close Edwards states that the species is found 'in the valley of the Mississippi from Nebraska and Illinois to Texas and westward to the Pacific' so that he evidently had a large and possibly mixed series before him. The original description states 'upper side sulphur yellow the disk of the wings more or less tinted with orange' which certainly reads like something very close to eurytheme (ariadne); the figure however (Fig. 1), represents a small form much closer to 65 amphidusa but somewhat paler in color with costa rather broadly yel- low. In his volume II of Butt. N. Am. Edwards again deals with keewaydin figuring it on Colias PI. IV, Fig. 7, but this figure can scarcely be distinguished from his figure of eurytheme on the same plate except by its smaller size and certainly does not agree well with his former figure. In the text to this plate he states that 'keewaydin was originally separated as a species from examples received princi- pally from Texas and Mississippi' and treats it as an early summer form of ariadnc with eurytheme as a late fall generation ; from notes he publishes received from Hy. Edwards it would seem that San Francisco collectors were accustomed to refer to the true amphidusa as eurytheme. We have a series of typical amphidusa from Siskiyou Co., N. California, captured in June and July, and some specimens cannot be separated from the type of keewaydin as figured by Edwards in Volume I; in Southern California the same form occurs along with eurytheme (ariadne) and intergrades. In Arizona and Texas the late summer generation {eurytheme Edw.) as a rule is considerably larger and the orange quite vivid, but specimens occur which are paler and tend towards keezvaydin and in a long series of $ 's from Decatur, 111., taken in the early part of August, we have color forms ranging from deep orange to quite pale yellow with only a slight orange suf- fusion. It appears to us therefore that keewaydin Edw. represents no definite race or generation but is rather a form, somewhat inter- mediate between eurytheme and amphidusa, found flying with typical specimens of these two forms wherever the species occurs and usually most common in the early summer generation ; on the one hand it may intergrade with eurytheme , many specimens showing only traces of orange on the secondaries, and on the other hand it may approach amphidusa in being almost entirely suffused with orange; the name seems scarcely worthy of retention. With regard to the yellow forms it seems fairly well established {vide Edwards, Can. Ent, XIX, 170) that in Colorado at least the yellow form is polymorphic ; the early spring brood and apparently occasional late fall specimens are distinguished by the narrower bor- der on the primaries, smaller size and heavier sprinkled underside ; these have been called autumnalis Ckll., the name being rather unfor- tunately chosen as the form is only occasionally met with in the fall, single specimens of the brood that would normally hibernate as pupae emerging under favorable conditions earlier than usual. The second brood of early summer is hageni Edw. of larger size and broader 66 black borders, the 9 's especially heavily black ; Edwards' original description leaves no doubt that it was this form that he had before him when he proposed the name hageni; the type locality may be re- stricted to Pueblo, Colo., as he had received numerous specimens from Mr. Nash of this town. Until quite recently we had been of the opinion that eriphyle Edw. described from Lake Lahache, B. C, could be held separate from hageni and was the same form as that described later by Cockle as kootenai; an examination and comparison of the type material in the Edwards Collection has however led us to revise our opinions ; there seems to be no doubt that eriphyle and hageni both are summer forms and personally we utterly failed to separate them. Kootenai Cockle is evidently the spring form of British Columbia, distinguished by its pale lemon yellow color and heavily sprinkled underside ; it approaches very close to autnmnalis, but the yellow has a greener tinge and the 9 's have no complete submarginal band of yellow spots owing to the obsolescence of the inner black shading; this form extends northward into Alaska where it is probably single brooded. Apparently Wright's figures under the name emilia (1. c. PI. XI, Fig. 92) refer to this form; we figure a $ and 9 from Okanagan Falls, B. C, (May) and the underside of a $ from Atkin, B. C, on the Alaskan border (Figs. 3-5). Much breeding and study will be necessary before all these forms and their interrelationship are satisfactorily placed but for the present we offer the following synonymy: eury theme Bdv. ariadne Edw. gen. aest. amphidusa Bdv. keeivaydin Edw. calif omiana Men. ab. 9 fumosa Stkr. form eriphyle Edw. hageni Edw. gen. vern, autumnalis Ckll. ab. intermedia Ckll. ab. 9 pallida Ckll. gen. vern. kootenai Cockle. E. BARBARA Hy. Edw. (PI. VII, Fig. 9). This species, which was described from 2 9 's from Gilroy, Calif., and Santa Barbara, Calif., has generally been accepted as the 9 of harfordi Hy. Edw. A recent examination of the types in the New 67 York Museum has convinced us that this is incorrect; harfordi in both sexes shows very little black at the base of the wings on the upper side, is a deep yellow color and apparently closely related to interior Scud ; the species is common in S. Calif, and is figured by Wright on PI. X, Figs. 84 and 85 under both harfordi and barbara, the latter species having been misidentified by him. The true barbara, just as stated in the author's description, has a strong sprinkling of black at the base of the wings extending on the secondaries along the inner margin to almost the anal angle ; the types are in wretched con- dition but in our opinion bear a close relationship to occidentalis and chrysomelas of which variable species barbara will probable prove to be a southern race; we figure a $ from Santa Rosa, Calif., which approaches the closest to our idea of barbara of any specimens we have seen; the great similarity to Wright's figure of occidentalis (1. c. PI. XI, Fig. 86) should at once be evident. E. pelidne Bdv. (PI. VII, Figs. 6-8). After a careful comparison of a long series from Labrador with Boisduval's figures both in Lep. de l'Am. Sept. PI. 21 and Icones PI. 8 we must agree with Scudder (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1862, p. 105/6) that the figures were certainly not drawn up from Labrador speci- mens and as Iceland and Greenland are mentioned among the type localities, were probably taken from specimens from one of these localities. Possibly an examination of the material in the Boisduval collection now in the possession of M. Oberthur would throw some light on the matter ; for the present we think it advisable to apply the name labradorensis Scud, to the Labrador race the $ 's of which ap- pear to be constantly smaller than Boisduval's figures. In Labrador specimens (Fig. 6) the discal dot of the forewing is either entirely absent or only very faintly outlined by a few scat- tered dark scales ; in specimens from Laggan and from Saskatchewan (Fig. 7) this mark is present as a distinct but fine dash and the sec- ondaries are very heavily black-sprinkled; this form is minisni Bean which has usually been regarded as an Mss. name but which appears to be sufficiently, if rather poorly, characterized by Bean himself in a paper on C. hecla and meadi in Psyche, Vol. VII, p. 228; Verity refers to the same form as menisme in his Rhop. Pal. Vol. I, p. 218. Skinncri Barnes from Yellowstone Park (Fig. 8) is close to minisni but is considerably larger and yellower with a still more dis- tinct discal dash, in fact apart from this dash this form looks much more like Boisduval's figure of pelidne than any Labrador specimens 68 we have seen ; it also has a certain percentage of the 9 's yellow. We figure $ 's of all three forms for comparison. Gigantea Stkr. described from Hudson Bay and at present placed as a form of pelidne seems to be the same species as that named pelidneides by Staudinger from material from the same locality. We have recently examined the type series of gigantea in the Strecker Collection and believe that it represents in reality the yellow form of christina rather than a race of either pelidne or palaeno ; the size and maculation of the underside point very decidedly to this and the 9 's can scarcely be separated from the paler forms of christina 9 . Mr. Wolley Dod mentions this yellow form in his List of Alberta Lep- idoptera (C. Ent. XXXIII, 169, 1901) and besides a series from Cal- gary we have before us specimens of both sexes from Chatanika, Alaska which agree excellently with Strecker's specimens. It is very possible that the Ft. Simpson specimens mentioned by Scudder in his description of occidentalis really belonged to this yellow form of christina and for this reason we would restrict the name occidentalis to the Vancouver Is. form which, while close, can at once be distin- guished by the much greater suffusion of black at the base of both wings on the upper side, approaching in this respect chrysomelas Hy. Edw. We figure both sexes of gigantea from Chatanika, Alaska. (PI. V, Fig. 7-9.) EUREMA GUNDLACHIA Poey. Holland's figure of this species (Butt. Book, PI. 37, Fig. 1) rep- resents the 9 , not the $ as stated. The S is very similar to pro- terpia but generally lacks all trace of the black on the veins and has the tailed secondaries. It seems to occur in the same localities as proterpia and specimens of this latter species without the black vein- ing (as sometimes occurs) are very apt to be confused with gund- lachia; the 9 proterpia has usually considerable black marginal bor- dering on the secondaries but is otherwise similar to gundlachia apart from the wing shape. E. blakei Mayn. We cannot see why this should be made in Dyar's list a form of gnathene Bdv. (not gnat heme) a species described from Yucatan which is white with a complete black border to both wings, broaden- ing out on the apical portion of primaries to twice the width of the lower portion. Maynard's description states 'greenish white above, 69 narrow border to apex of fore wings and a spot on upper angle of hind pair dusky', which certainly leads one to expect an entirely dif- ferent species to gnathcne; it was described from material from the Bahama Islands and a single 5 from Sandford, Fla. The descrip- tion agrees admirably with Boisduval's translation of the description of mcssalina Fabr. (Sp. Gen. I, p. 679) and as both Kirby and Seitz list this species from Jamaica we imagine that blakei will become a synonym of messalina Fabr. ; not possessing the species however we leave the decision to those who have access to material from the Bahama Isles. DANAIDAE Danaus plexippus L. In view of Linne's original description in the tenth Edition of his Systema Natura we do not see how it is possible to apply this name to the American species in spite of the locality 'North America' given by the author. The description reads : 'P. D. alis integerrimis fulvis, venis nigris dilatatis, margine nigro punctis albis.' This is all very excellent but unfortunately for those who con- tend that the name applies to the N. American form Linne adds : 'Alae primores fascia alba ut in sequente, cui similis', the following species being chryssipus. This does not apply at all to the N. Amer- ican form but does to the Asiatic and would bear out Aurivillius' statement that the only specimens in the Linnaean Collection were of the latter form. Apparently the locality given and the references to Catesby and Sloan are the only reasons for holding the name to the North Amer- ican species; opposed to this we have the direct contradiction of the diagnosis and it would seem to us that this is far too weighty a point to be overridden; it is known that Linne frequently has given erron- eous references and localities in connection with other species so we see no reason for not supposing that such was the case in this instance. The Fabrician name archippus would be the correct one to use for the N. American species in our opinion : Fruhstorfer in Seitz Mac- rolepidoptera also applies plexippus to the Asiatic Species and archip- pus to the American one. 70 SATYRIDAE COENONYMPHA CALIFORNIA West. & Hew. Edwards treats California, or, as it is usually misspelled, calif or- nica, as the summer generation of the spring form galactimis Bdv. ; unfortunately for Edwards' reasoning a recent examination of the types of California in the British Museum by Dr. McDunnough has shown that these represent the form with dark underside, i. e. the spring form. What galactimis Bdv. really is we are unable to say not having seen the type which should be with M. Oberthur; Boisduval evidently only knew California from Hewitson's figure which is poor and described his galactimis as being of a white color a little yellower than that of California but the description cannot be definitely inter- preted to refer to either the spring or the summer form ; on the face of it Dr. Skinner in his revision of the genus (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XXVI, 301 ) would seem to be correct in claiming the name galactimis for the summer form but the type locality given by Boisduval (Moun- tains of North California) would possibly preclude a second genera- tion. Dr. Skinner places ceres Butl. as a synonym of galactimis; ac- cording to Sir Geo. Hampson (in litt.) the type of ceres agrees exactly with that of California. Eryngii Hy. Edw., described from Soda Spgs., Siskiyou Co., Calif., represents a race without ocelli on the underside; Dr. McDun- nough, who spent the season of 1915 collecting in this locality, found the species rare during the first half of June but all specimens cap- tured showed either no ocelli or the mere traces of them so we imagine the form is fairly constant and the name should be retained; it is true that the number of spots on the underside of Coenonympha species is very variable and unspotted specimens doubtless occur in other locali- ties, making the presence or absence of such spots a poor means of differentiation, but where the unspotted form has become more or less constant and has developed therefore into a race such a change should not in our opinion be disregarded. Pulla Hy. Edw. which is described as being of a dark fawn color above and a dull brown beneath is another form about which little is known. Wright's figures (Butt. W. Coast, PI. XXV) of this entire group are quite unreliable and should be completely disregarded by collectors trying to identify their material. 71 C. AMPELOS Edw. This species was originally described from a $ and 9 from Oregon, but the specimen labelled 'type' in the W. H. Edwards Col- lection is from Vancouver Is. and the name has been pretty generally applied to specimens from this locality. There is nothing in the de- scription that would contradict such an association, but we would point out that this Vancouver Is. specimen must not be held to be the type, the whereabouts of which is unknown to us. We should not be surprised if ampelos proved to be a form of ochracea Edw. in which the ocelli of the underside had become regularly obsolete ; occasional specimens, particularly in series before us from Plumas Co., Calif., and Ft. Klamath, Oregon, show traces of ocelli on both fore and hind wings. C. INORNATA Edw. We cannot agree with authors who sink this species as a synonym of laidion Bork. on the strength of a paper by Dr. Bucknell in Ent. Rec. Vol. IX, 1897. Laidion which is figured by Borkhausen and de- scribed from specimens taken at Gladenbach, in the vicinity of Frank- furt on the Main, in Germany, is recognized by all prominent contin- ental lepidopterists as being merely an aberration of typhon with the normal number of six well defined and white ringed ocelli on second- aries reduced to one or two. Dr. Bucknell, who applies the name laidion to a Scotch form with reduced ocelli, which is in any case not the true laidion but the race scotica Staud., has himself been forced to admit that our N. American form shows points of distinction as compared with this Scotch race. Dr. Bucknell has been followed by most English entomologists, including Tutt and Rowland-Brown, in calling the Scotch form laidion and in a recent paper on the species (Oberthur, Etud. de Lep. Comp. Fasc. VII, 1913, p. 85) the latter author quotes Tutt, and agrees with him in censoring Staudinger for creating the name scotica for the Scotch form which is excellently figured on PI. 195 by M. Oberthur. Both these gentlemen have over- looked the vast disparity in the type localities for laidion and scotica which amply confirms Staudinger's judgment; it is very questionable whether an aberrational name may be properly used for a racial form from another locality. In our opinion inornata, while doubtless re- lated to tiphon and its forms, is distinct enough in any case to war- rant the retention of the name. It is typical in the region about Lake Winnipeg and is well figured by Skinner in his revision (PI. VII, Figs. 72 10, 11) ; occasional specimens lack the apical ocellus on underside of primaries but normally this is well developed. C. ochracea Edw. The species was described from specimens from Lake Winnipeg, California, and Kansas ; the common species from the Lake Winnipeg region is inornata according to information received from Mr. Wallis of Winnipeg but there is a 9 type of ochracea in the Edwards Coll. labelled Winnipeg and we also have a 9 from Cartwright, Man., which agrees with the description ; we do not know the species from California. The main home of the species is the Rocky Mt. region of Colorado, Utah and adjoining states; it may be generally recog- nized by the white blotches at base of secondaries on underside and by the usually well developed ocelli, especially noticeable in Utah specimens (vide Skinner, 1. c. Fig. 14) ; inornata may prove to be a dark form with reduced ocelli on secondaries ; we have specimens of ochracea from Colo, which lack the basal blotches and merely differ from inornata in the paler color. Brenda Edw. described from some of Reakirt's material, ostensibly from Los Angeles, Calif., is a typical ochracea as a study of the types in the Strecker Collection has shown us ; the locality was very possibly erroneous as we know of no authen- tic records for ochracea from this region; Wright's figures of brenda should be referred to one of the summer forms of California. Cercvonis oetus Bdv. (PI. VIII, Figs. 5-7). We cannot, after a careful study of both types, separate charon Edw. from this species ; it has a wide range over all the western high mountain regions and extends far into the north, phocus Edw., de- scribed from specimens taken at Lake Lahache, B. C, proving to be a form of this species with dark, almost immaculate underside. Ed- wards (Can. Ent. XII, 55) has referred oetus to silvestris on the strength of a so-called 'type' received from Boisduval; the real type however remained in the Boisduval collection and has recently been figured by M. Oberthur (Et de Lep. Comp. IX (2) PI. 264, Figs. 2203/4). The specimen referred to by Edwards we have recently seen in Pittsburgh and it proves a misidentification on Edwards' part ; this specimen agrees with Oberthur's figure of oetus type but the re- mainder of Edwards' series labelled oetus are pure and simple silves- tris. The distinctness of the median band on the underside of the hind wings is very variable but usually sufficient is present for one to 73 recognize the characteristic jagged nature of the bounding dark lines, especially on the basal side; another feature which will generally serve to separate it from sihestris and its forms is the fact that the $ sex has usually only a single ocellus on upper side of primaries, although this is not an absolutely infallible rule as occasional speci- mens show traces of a second. We figure $ and ? and underside of both sihestris from Marin Co., Calif., (Figs. 1-3), and oetus from Nevada Co., Calif., (Figs. 5-7), as well as the underside of paid us from Tulare Co., Calif., (Fig. 4). The synonymy of the two species should stand : 1 silvestris Edwards. okius Oberthur. form paulus Edwards. 2 oetus Boisduz'al. charon Edwards. form phocus Edwards. C. silvestris Edw. (PI. VIII, Figs. 1-4). The species was described in 1861 from specimens sent by Dr. Behr of San Francisco. In the original description the author (Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phil. 1861, p. 162) mentions both $ and 2 , but this supposed $ was evidently a $ , as the dark sex patch is mentioned, and may presumably be referred to oetus Bdv., the type 5 of which is figured by Oberthur (Etud. de Lep. Comp. IX (2) Figs. 2203/4) ; a characteristic feature of the $ sex of oetus is the single ocellus on the upper side of primaries, a point referred to by Edwards as dis- tinguishing his supposed 5 from $ silvestris. Only very occasionally do we find $ oetus with two ocelli on the upper side of the primaries. The $ silvestris, which will hold the name, is described as pos- sessing two ocelli on upper side of primaries ; in the Edwards Collec- tion are two $ 's, one marked 'silvestris $ type' (in black ink) from California, the other 'charon var. silvestris, type' (in red ink) also from California; this latter is probably the one figured in Butt. N. Am. Ill, Satyrus III and mentioned in the text as being only a variety of charon Edw.=o^M.s' Bdv. ; the first specimen may be the original S type of silvestris and is a different species, being apparently a form bearing the same relation to paulus that boopis does to ariane Bdv. i. e. a form with reduced ocelli on the underside of secondaries ; this form is common around San Francisco Bay and we have a long series from Marin Co. 74 The form paulus Edw. described from Nevada (Morrison) (probably east slope of Sierras) is found all through the Sierras from Mt. Whitney southward and also in Oregon and Washington States; the specimens marked type in the Edwards Collection are a $ and 9 labelled W. T. (Morrison), evidently those spoken of in Can. Ent. XII, 54, and cannot be considered more than typical in any case. The figure given by Oberthur (1. c. Fig. 2184) under the name of okius is a typical $ of silvestris Edw. NYMPHALIDAE Argynnis nitocris Edw. This species was described from a single $ from the White Mts., Arizona. We have a long series of both sexes from this locality taken by Mr. R. D. Lusk; we also have a series of the so-called var. nigro- caerulea Ckll. from the type locality, Beulah, Sapello Canon, N. M., and can see absolutely no difference between the two series. In our opinion nigrocaerulea should fall as a direct synonym of nitocris which is figured by Holland, PL XIII, Fig. 4. Caerulescens Holl. is easily distinguished by the dark basal area on both wings on the upper side. A. nausicaa Edw. (PI. IX, Fig. 1). The species is listed by Dyar as a synonym of aphrodite but can at once be distinguished, apart from wing shape, by the fact that the veins of the primaries in the $ beyond the cell are distinctly and broadly enlarged by black scaling whereas in aphrodite the scaling is scarcely perceptibly present. The exact relationship of nausicaa is doubtful to us; it shows certain affinities to halcyone and perhaps might be better placed in this group. We figure a typical S and comparison with our figure of the following species will readily show our point in connection with the veins of the forewing. A. Columbia Hy. Edw. (PI. IX, Fig. 2). A careful examination of the type $ in the Hy. Edwards' Col- lection forces us to the conclusion that Columbia is nothing but a small northern form of aphrodite Fabr. Its relationship is clearly shown by the fact that the veins on the primaries in the S sex are not at all enlarged by black scales, at once separating it from atlantis with which it has often been associated. This form seems to extend right across 75 the northern part of the Continent and specimens before us from Nepigon, Ont., one of which we figure, are quite indistinguishable from specimens from Northern B. C. Atlantis appears to occur in practically the same region but the $ 's at least should be separated without much difficulty on account of the thickened veins on pri- maries. A. chitone Edw. (PI. IX, Figs. 3, 4). This species was described from specimens taken by Neumoegen in S. Utah and N. Arizona. In the Edwards' Collection \ $ \ 9 from S. Utah bear type labels, but unfortunately 1 $ 3 9 from Weber Mts., Utah, which are not the same species, also bear type labels al- though they cannot possibly be considered types. This has doubtless led to the confusion that exists concerning the identity of chitone. The true species is scarcely to be separated from what is generally known as cornelia Edw. and the two will probably prove to be forms of one species ; it shows considerable variation in the amount of sil- vering of the spots on the underside, series before us from S. Utah and Provo, Utah ranging from well-silvered specimens to those with scarcely a trace of silver ; we figure both sides of typical $ specimens. A. ELECTA Edw. This species was described from 12 <3 4 9 , some taken in N. Colo, by Mead in 1871, others in S. Colo, by Morrison in 1877; it is evident by the description that the specimens showed considerable variation and a recent examination of the series in the Edwards' Col- lection has confirmed our suspicion that several forms at least (if not species) were included under the one name. A $ in the series la- belled 'Colo., Mead, 71' is marked type and as the label clearly shows that it must have been one of the type lot we consider it would be advisable to restrict the name to this specimen. The $ type of Cor- nelia Edw. from Ouray, Colo., proves to be absolutely identical with this type of electa and cornelia will therefore sink as a synonym. The species is well illustrated by Holland (Butt. Book, PI. XI, Fig. 8); we do not know what his figure of so-called electa (1. c. PI. X, Fig. 8) represents ; it looks more like a his or aphrodite form. A. BREMNERI Edw. Wright's figures of this species (1. c. PI. XIII, Fig. 119) are incorrect ; they represent rhodope Edw., the underside of the S being much more typical than the figure given under the name rhodope 76 (Fig. 124a). The true bremneri is probably figured by Wright as carpentcri (PI. XIII, fig. 112) from Vane. Is., B. C. The form called var. sordida by Wright we cannot place without seeing the type ; Wright makes it a variety of his bremneri and if this be correct sor- dida must then be referred to rhodopc. A. hippolyta Edw. The species was described from several specimens taken in Ore- gon by Mr. Dodge ; no further locality is given but very possibly the specimens were taken in the vicinity of Portland. In the Edwards' Collection is a single $ type from Oregon ; it appears to us to be a rather dwarfed form of bremneri; apart from the smaller size the types cannot be separated, agreeing in the maculation and color of the underside excellently. A. zerene Bdv. A great deal has already been written about this species and monticola Behr. Behr claimed that under the name serene Boisduval had two species mixed and diagnosed them as No. 8 and No. 9 (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. II, 175, 1862) ; later (1. c. Ill, 84) he gave the name monticola to No. 8. Edwards claimed (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Ill, 436, 1864) that Behr's action therefore restricted the name serene Bdv. to Behr's species No. 9 and figures monticola in Butt. N. Am. I, Arg. VIII. In 1869 (Lep. de la Calif., 60) Boisduval described hydaspe which Edwards, when figuring serene Bdv. (1. c. PI. XIII, Arg. 1870), claims becomes a synonym of serene owing to Behr's previous limita- tion; Edwards even states in the text that Boisduval "intimates that his former diagnosis of serene includes two species and he applies that name to monticola Behr, giving to the other that of hydaspe. Nevertheless according to the recognized rule in such cases, the names monticola and serene will remain as Dr. Behr determined them." We have gone into the matter rather carefully with the following results : (1) After reading Boisduval's original description we can see no reason for Behr's supposition that Dr. Boisduval's series of serene was mixed ; it is true that the short diagnosis would include both species equally well, but that is no proof of a mixed series ; in the Oberthur Collection the types of serene which we have seen certainly do not indicate this and the specimens figured in Etudes de Lep. Comp. IX, (2) Fig. 2168/9 as certainly belong to the same species as does the type $ of monticola Behr in the Strecker Collection. Boisduval's 77 specimens were evidently captured by Lorquin in the mountains of Central California (which he calls Juba Mts.) at low elevation. (2) Behr did not restrict the name serene to his species No. 9; he simply gave the name monticola to his species No. 8 and it was Edwards himself who applied the name serene Bdv. to 'No. 9' (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Ill, 436) without any definite knowledge apparently either of it or that such a form was actually included among Boisdu- val's types of serene. (3) Edwards' statement in the text to his figure of serene, as quoted above, is erroneous. Boisduval did not describe hydaspc from specimens separated from his former series of serene but from speci- mens collected by Lorquin in the south of California (sud de la Cali- fornie) at a date much later than 1852 so that his series of serene could not possibly have contained the types of hydaspe; it is true that Boisduval makes the statement that hydaspe may be a local variety of serene but this can hardly be construed to mean that he had confused them when describing serene. It seems to us therefore that monticola Behr must be made a synonym of serene Bdv. the types being almost identical. Wright's figures (1. c. PI. XIV, 120 and 122) both refer to serene Bdv. A. HYDASPE Bdv. As stated under serene Bdv. this name will replace serene Edw. nee Boisduval, typical specimens being found in the Yosemite Val- ley and other valleys leading up to Mt. Whitney and the High Sierras ; further north in Plumas County and Siskiyou Co. it is a very com- mon species and is considerably darker on the underside than the southern form. In our opinion it is a distinct species from serene {monticola) ; Dr. McDunnough had the opportunity of observing it during a season's collecting in the Upper Sacramento Valley where it flies together with serene Bdv ; on the wing it can soon be distin- guished by its smaller size and darker brown color; it is also much more heavily black on the upper side, due largely to the great extent of the black sexual scales along the veins of primaries in the $ ; on the underside of secondaries the color tends more towards brick- red than purplish and there is often a good deal of blackish suffu- sion ; the spots are usually larger and yellower and the marginal lunules are more triangular surmounted by a narrozuer but much 78 deeper shade of brown than is found in zerene ; in fact in hydaspe this shade at times is almost black; a comparison of Holland's fig- ures of monticola Behr (serene Bdv.) PI. XIII, Fig. 7 and zerene (hydaspe Bdv.) PI. XI V, Fig. 9 will show these points of distinction. A. purpurascens Hy. Edw. An examination of the types in the American Museum proves that the $ and 9 types do not belong to the same species. The single $ type from Soda Spgs., Siskiyou Co., Calif, (the other $ 's from Sierra Nevadas cannot be considered as types) is undoubtedly the dark form of hydaspe mentioned above; the 9 types from the same locality on the other hand are 9 's of zerene (monticola) ; they are partially silvered on the underside, a point mentioned in the original description, whereas the true 9 's of purpurascens are, as far as we can judge, quite unsilvered. From personal exper- ience we know that in the type locality the 9 's of zerene fly at the same time that the $ 's of hydaspe are on the wing, the 9 hydaspe emerging two or three weeks later; the error is therefore easily ex- plained. The $ type will hold the name and purpurascens will be- come a racial form of hydaspe Bdv., connecting up the paler nimo- typical southern form with the extremely heavily marked form of Vancouver Is., B. C, rhodope Edw. A. IRENE Bdv. This seems to be a good species and not a variety of ritpestris Behr. Dr. McDunnough has taken it at Castle Lake, Siskiyou Co., Calif, in the early part of August at an altitude of about 6000 ft. but it was not seen in the upper Sacramento Valley where rupestris was taken flying in June ; it is apparently confined to higher altitudes ; we have series from Truckee and Plumas Co., Calif. Wright's figure under inornata of the underside of a 9 from Mt. Shasta (1. c. PI. XVI, 137c) is this species but figures 137 and 137b of a $ and 9 from Tenino, Wash, refer to some other species, probably the true hippolyta Edw. The upper side rather resembles egleis in the paucity of black markings but the maculation of the underside would apparently throw it into the rhodope group. A. HALCYONE Edw.. The types of this species, 2 $ 's from Colo., are stated in the original description to be in the collection of B. D. Walsh which was destroyed in the Chicago fire ; the specimens labelled type in the Ed- 79 wards' Collection were collected at a later date in Colorado, probably by Morrison, and cannot be considered to be more than typical; Ed- wards' figure (Butt. I, PI. 28) should be sufficient to identify the species ; typical specimens with the basal area of hind wings to sec- ond row of silver spots deep reddish-brown are taken in the canons near Denver, Colo. Specimens from Glenwood Spgs., Colo, and Southern Utah are apparently intermediate between halcyonc Edw. and snyderi Skin, some of the 5 's being scarcely distinguishable from snyderi 2 's, but in general they show more ruddy suffusion on the underside of secondaries, typical snyderi being very pale greenish. We imagine that the form of the Sierra Mts., Calif, which is generally known as coronis (Wright, 1. c. PI. XIV, Fig. 126) and which seems to extend along the whole range into Oregon is a race of snyderi rather smaller than typical specimens but otherwise with no marked points of distinction ; it is apparently rather common around Quincy in Plumas Co., Calif. ; our series, mostly $ 's, shows a great deal of variation in the color of the underside of secondaries, from pale greenish to rather bright pinkish-brown. A. atossa Edw. We imagine this will prove to be a rare unsilvered form of semi- ramis Edw. with the upper side paler and with reduced markings. This latter species also flies at Tehachapi, the type locality of atossa, and we have specimens of both forms before us ; the general wing shape of both sexes and type of markings certainly points to a very close relationship between the two. Adiaste Behr. (adiante Bdv.) is a third species that by its reduced maculation on upper side shows close affinity to semiramis Edw. and may prove to be a northern un- silvered race ; the fact that a form like atossa occasionally occurs with typical semiramis would certainly support this view as the under sides of the secondaries in atossa and adiaste are strikingly similar. A. rupestris Behr. The types in the Strecker Coll. agree with the specimens figured by Edwards (1. c. II, PI. VII, Argynnis). Dr. McDunnough has taken the species sparingly in the Upper Sacramento Valley in several local- ities north of Dunsmuir but the species is very local and hard to cap- ture ; it occurs earlier in the season than any of the other Argynnids taken in the same neighborhood, flying during the early part of June ; occasional partially silvered specimens are found. Wright's figure 80 (1. c. PL XV, 132) is again quite erroneous and should be referred to hydaspe Bdv. as far as we can judge. A. juba Bdv. Judging by the figure of the type published by M. Oberthur (1. c. PI. 262, Fig. 2197) and our knowledge of the type of laura Edw. the latter name will fall as a synonym of juba. The two other speci- mens figured as juba (Figs. 2198 and 2199) are however not this species but probably the Sierran race of snydcri, to which we have already referred. Juba occurs in both silvered and unsilvered forms as is shown by a small series before us from Placer Co., Calif, and this latter form bears such very close resemblance to rupestris that we should not be surprised to find that these two so-called species were in reality forms of one species. Inornata Edw. belongs also without doubt in this group and is possibly the unsilvered form of juba or merely a large rupestris, but our material is too limited to have exact- ly matched the type with any specimen in our series and we must leave the matter undecided for the present. Edwards' figure (1. c. II, Arg. PI. V) gives the impression of a rather larger species than juba but this size of course may be merely individual. All three forms were described from the same general locality, viz. the Central Sierras. A. macaria Edw. This is placed in Dr. Dyar's list as a synonym of curynome Edw. which is entirely erroneous. The species was described from ma- terial taken at Havilah, Kern Co., Calif, and the types are in the Edwards' Collection ; it is very closely related to laura Edw. and the two are possibly northern and southern races of one species ; we have long series from both Havilah and Tehachapi before us ; Wright's fig- ures of laura and macaria (PI. XV, 133, 135) both refer to this spe- cies, his laurina being the unsilvered form which is quite commonly met with. The true laura, which is a synonym of juba Bdv., as we have already pointed out, is a darker, more heavily marked insect than macaria, although the marking of the underside would point to the two being but forms of one species bearing to each other a relationship similar to that existing in our opinion between montivaga and oweni. A. coronis Behr. In the Strecker Collection is a pair purporting to be the types of this species and regarding these and other Argynnis types of Behr's describing Strecker states (Lep. Rhop. Het. Suppl. 3, p. 22) that they 81 were sent him by Dr. Behr in 1876 along with other typical examples with a letter saying "I send you all my Argynnides in their doubtful state and with your better collections and literature you can do far more than I with my limited opportunities." Under these circum- stances we see no adequate reason why we should not accept these specimens as the types. Edwards first applied the name coronis Behr with Dr. Behr's consent to the species "No. 2" of Behr's paper in Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. II, 173, 1862 (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Ill, 435) ; the species figured by Edwards as coronis in Butt. N. Am. Ill, Argynnis IV was determined as such by him from a colored figure re- ceived from Dr. Behr and this conception of the species has evidently been generally accepted since then. We have examined the Strecker types extremely carefully, com- paring them with a long series of specimens and find them absolutely identical with the species known as liliana Hy. Edw. and not the same as the species figured by Edwards. One of the main points of distinc- tion is the narrowness of the yellow subterminal area on the under- side of the secondaries which in Edwards' figures is relatively broad. Dr. Behr in the original description states that the species is veri- similar to callippc Bdv. but actually differs in the lack of the pale markings of the upper side and this statement is perfectly true as callippe possesses the same narrow band on the underside as does coronis (liliana), which is additional proof that the Strecker "types" are more to be relied upon than Edwards' determination from a fig- ure. The species is said by Dr. Behr to frequent several localities near the bay of San Francisco and this would therefore be in the same general region as the type locality of liliana Hy. Edw. which is St. Helena, Napa Co. A. mormonia Bdv. (PI. X, Fig. 2). The species has been confused with montivaga Behr but is ap- parently a good one and may be distinguished from this latter species by the fact that in the $ sex the branches of the median and cubital veins of primaries are never enlarged by black scales as is the case with montivaga ; our figures of both species bring out this point of dis- tinction. Arge Stkr. is a synonym and erinna Edw. a very closely allied form hardly worthy of a name ; however, as it was described from Spokane, Wash., the name erinna may be used to indicate the northern race, mormonia applying to the Calif ornian and South Oregon form. Oberthur's figure of mormonia (Etudes de Lep. Comp. IX (2) 82 Figs. 2192/3) should make the species readily recognizable; it is ap- parently much rarer than montivaga although occurring in the same localities. Whether eurynome Edw. and its various forms should be considered as races of mormonia is doubtful ; personally we consider that the presence of considerable green scaling on the underside would point to a distinct species showing much greater affinities to the Alas- kan bischoffi Edw. than to mormonia ; we have already offered a few notes on this species (Cont. N. Hist. N. Am. Lep. II, (3) p. 93) and have nothing further to add. A. montivaga Behr. ( PI. X, Fig. 1 ) . There seems no doubt but that egleis Bdv. is a synonym of this species ; we have examined the Boisduval types in the collection of M. Oberthur and also the specimens in the Strecker Collection pur- porting to be the types of montivaga and these both are similar ; the species shows all grades of variation on the underside from well-sil- vered forms to those without any trace of silver ; we have a series taken in Truckee, Calif, as early as May 9th and another series taken in the same locality in the first week of July but cannot find any good point of distinction between the two. The species is common all through the higher altitudes of the Sierras. From a study of some of the original type material of oweni Edw. from Mt. Shasta, Calif, it would seem to us that this species is more closely related to mon- tivaga than to hippolyta, as it is now placed, and would represent a darker heavier marked form from the northern end of the same chain of mountains which has gradually developed, due to its isolation, into practically a good species. It is very possible that Behr's series of montivaga contained specimens of mormonia Bdv. ; at any rate mon- tivaga Behr as identified by Edwards, who makes arge Stkr. a synonym (Can. Ent. XI, 52), was evidently mormonia Bdv.; in the same paper Edwards claims to have received the "types" of egleis and mormonia from Boisduval and declares them $ and 9 of one species ; we doubt if these were more than specimens from the type lot, or "cotypes" , as Boisduval would hardly part with his actual types ; in any case it would seem to be both just to Dr. Boisduval and more scientifically correct to consider the specimens still contained in the Boisduval Collection and marked "type" as being the originals of the description ; these have been figured by M. Oberthur (Etudes de Lep. Comp. IX, (2) Figs. 2192/5) although it would seem that the figures of egleis are 9 's and not S 's as stated ; there is however no difficulty in determining, by 83 careful comparison, to which of the two closely allied species each name should be referred. Wright's figures of arge, erinna and egleis (Butt. W. Coast, PL XVII, 143-145) all refer to montivaga Behr, as well as the figure on PL XVI, 142 ; his identifications of nearly all of the Argynnids are hopelessly mixed. Nenoquis Reak. listed by Dyar as a synonym has been referred by Strecker, who had the type, to the European dia Linn. (Lep. Rhop. Hist. Suppl. Ill, p. 22) ; we think this action is correct. Genus Melitaea, Fabr. Being forced to reject the genus Lemonias Hbn. which is a 'Ten- tamen' genus and regarded at the present time by the majority of workers as unpublished (c. /. Prout, Hampson, etc.) we have recent- ly made a short study of the various generic names involved with a view to deciding which can be used for our American forms. The genera available are as follows : Melitaea Fabr. 1807. According to Scudder the type was fixed by Westwood in 1840 as cinxia L., Dalman's fixation in 1820 of athalia as type being errone- ous as athalia was not included in the original list of species. Schoenis Hbn. 1818. Sole species and therefore type, cinxia L. The genus falls before Melitaea Fabr. Cinclidia Hbn. 1818. Scudder specifies phoebe Wien. Verz. as type in 1875 (Buff. Bull. II, 266) ; later in the same year (Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.), fol- lowing an erroneous reference by Kirby of phoebe Wien. Verz. to athalia, he gives athalia as type but his text readily shows that phoebe Wien. Verz. is meant under athalia. In any case his previous action of designating phoebe as type will hold. Mellicta Bill. 1820. Scudder, without specifying any type, says this will fall before Lemonias, Schoenis and Cinclidia. In order to avoid any later mis- understandings we specify the type as cinxia L. and Mellicta will there- fore fall before Melitaea. Limnaecia Scud. 1872. Type specified as harrisi Scud. 84 Thessalia Scud. 1875. Type specified as leanira Feld. EUPHYDRYAS SCUD. 1872. Type specified as phaeton Drury. Having established the available genera and their types we have examined the $ genitalia of cinxia and phoebe, the two European spe- cies which are the respective types of Melitaea Fabr. and Cinclidia Hbn. We have further examined the genitalia of practically all our N. American species and find that they may be divided very readily by this means into two main groups, the first group including phaeton, chalcedona and all the species listed in Dyar's catalog under Lemonias as far as helvia (No. 160) and the second the remainder of the species included in the same list under Lemonias, Cinclidia, Thessalia, and Schoenis. The first group, which also would include the European matnrna and probably allied species which we have not examined, shows a marked similarity in pattern among the included species and would admirably bear out the conclusions of Mr. Bethune Baker in a recent paper (Ent. Record, XXVI, 177, 1914) where he claims that a correlation of structure and pattern is to be met with all through the Rhopalocera; for this group the only generic name available seems to be Euphydryas Scud, which we propose using. We have not extended our studies further than the genitalia but imagine other structural characters may be found bearing out the above results. With re- gard to the second group the genitalia show considerable affinity to those of the European phoebe and cinxia; it is true that the genitalia of cinxia vary from those of phoebe in the form of the claspers but the general type is the same and we would not for the present separate these two species into different genera. Our N. American species, es- pecially in the palla group, show distinctly a further development of the phoebe type ; we think therefore that the genus Melitaea Fabr. may safely be used for all the members of this group; neither harrisi nor leanira, the types respectively of the genera Limnaecia Scud, and Thessalia Scud., shows any peculiarity which would warrant a separa- tion either from each other or from the remainder of the species, and these two genera would therefore fall. If it be considered necessary, after further study, to separate our N. American forms from the Euro- pean the genus Limnaecia Scud, would still be available. In the minuta group we find the greatest points of difference from the general type 85 of genitalia common to the genus; it appears to have a tendency to- wards the Euphydryas group, almost forming a connecting link be- tween this genus and Melitaea. Euphydryas chalcedona Dbldy. The type specimen as figured by Doubleday and Hewitson (Gen. Diur. Lep. PI. XXIII, Fig. 1) is a $ and shows no trace of red on the upper side; it is erroneously listed as from Haiti but Boisduval corrects this later to California and it is probable that the specimen in question came from the neighborhood of San Francisco as the ma- jority of specimens from this region before us either show no red or only weak red marginal spots with occasional red spots in and beyond the cell. Both Dr. Behr and Hy. Edwards agree in stating that the larva is found feeding principally on Scrophularia and is black with a dorsal row of orange tubercles and the base of the second lateral row of tubercles also orange, no mention being made of pale dorsal or lateral stripes (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1863, Vol. Ill, p. 90; 1873, Vol. V, p. 167) ; their material was probably collected around San Francisco. W. H. Edwards, however, describes the larva of chalce- dona (Pap. IV, 63) from material received from W. G. Wright of San Bernadino as feeding on Pentstemon and having a double whitish dorsal stripe and a macular whitish stripe in line with the second lateral spines the remainder of the description agreeing with that of the above mentioned authors; this larval description exactly agrees with that given by Rivers (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2nd. Ser. I, p. 103, 1888) of the larva of the species he separates from chalcedona as macglashani from material taken at Truckee feeding also on a Pent- stemon sp. ; the imago differs from typical chalcedona according to Rivers in having the marginal red spots always well developed and very frequently with prominent red spots in and beyond the cell of primaries between the ordinary yellow patches ; a large series before us from the type locality confirms this diagnosis ; specimens from Havilah and S. Bernardino Co. in our collection agree with Truckee specimens in showing generally this greater development of red color although specimens occur from both localities that can scarcely be separated from San Francisco Bay material. In the summer of 1915 Dr. Mc- Dunnough found exactly similar larvae to those described by Rivers and W. H. Edwards very common in the neighborhood of Duns- muir, Siskiyou Co. on a Pentstetnon sp. and these also produced imagines with strong tendency to develop the red markings although 86 again specimens occurred which were almost typical chalcedona. Mr. Jas. Cottle of San Francisco, who was at Dunsmuir at the time, stated emphatically that these larvae differed from those of chalcedona he had collected at San Francisco. It is evident then that we have two larval forms ; one lacking the dorsal and lateral pale stripes and producing an imago almost wholly black and yellow which frequents the low lying coast land particularly around San Francisco and feeds on Scrophularia species ; the other very similar, with the addition of a geminate dorsal and a lateral pale stripe, found on Pentstemon species throughout the whole Sierra range at moderate altitudes and producing an imago with generally well defined red marginal spots and often red spots in the discal cell ; we imagine they are merely forms of a single species, the differences in both imago and larva being due largely to environment but they cer- tainly represent good geographical races and as such should be kept separated. For the former the name chalcedona (not chalcedon as generally written) will be used; for the latter we believe the correct name to be dwinellei Hy. Edw. ; this was described as a variety of chalcedona (Pap. I, 51, 1881) from McCloud fishing station at Baird, Shasta Co. and specimens of our bred series from Siskiyou Co. have been compared with the type and agree exactly; the red suffusion of the yellow spots mentioned in the description is not nearly so marked in the types as one would be led to suppose but the red marginal spots are well defined and the specimens as a whole cannot be separ- ated from a series from Truckee, the type locality of macglashani Rivers. Dwinellei Edw. will have priority over this name in our opinion but if desired macglashani may be employed for the Truckee form which is scarcely distinguishable but does in general, as noted by Rivers, show a more checkered appearance than either the San Fran- cisco or Shasta Co. specimens ; San Bernardino specimens are also very close to macglashani; it is possible that specimens from the coast region of southern California may approach typical chalcedona but this is a point for our entomological enthusiasts on the spot to settle as we have no authentic material from this region before us. Wright figures what we consider almost typical cJwlcedona as colon (PI. XVIII, Fig. 154) his quino (Fig. 155) is also we think the same species; his chalcedona (Fig. 157) is the San Bernardino race, almost inseparable from macglashani which is correctly figured (Fig. 87 159) ; the figures of dwinelli are merely those of stained specimens of the same thing. E. cooperi Behr. This species has never been satisfactorily identified ; it was de- scribed from Clear Lake, Lake Co., Calif, and separated from chal- cedona largely on the strength of the very different larva which ac- cording to Behr is 'brimstone yellow with a dorsal and lateral black stripe' and feeds on Scrophidaria; the imago is said to be similar to chalcedona but lacking 'the yellowish halo around the lunules of the brown band on the underside' of secondaries, the red portions of both being more somber and less of a fiery red than in chalcedona. Our Calif ornian entomologists should be able to solve the puzzle by search- ing in the type locality for the larva which seems readily recognizable. In the Edwards' Collection are two specimens labelled cooperi and purporting to have been bred by Dr. Behr and sent to Edwards in 1863 as types; we were utterly unable to separate these from chal- cedona, the wing shape and type of maculation being the same in both species. Perdiceas Edw., described from Tenino, Wash., has been placed as a synonym of cooperi; in the Edwards' Collection are 2 $ 1 2 labelled 'Puget Sound, Wash.' 'cooperi=perdiceas' and several other specimens from the same region simply labelled cooperi; these seemed to us distinct from Behr's two specimens but we had no material that would exactly match the perdiceas types and do not therefore feel com- petent to decide the point. E. baron i Edw. This species is usually credited to Hy. Edwards with the descrip- tion published in Papilio, Vol. I, 52, 1881, but the name baroni was first used by W. H. Edwards in 1879 (C. Ent. XI, 129) the larva being described and a very short diagnosis of the imago being given at the close of the article; the species was figured in Butt. N. Am. Ill, Mel. PI. I. We recently discovered two of the presumable types which served for Hy. Edwards' description mixed up with the types of E. rubicunda in the Hy. Edwards' Collection; they are from Mendocino Co., Calif., the type locality, and agree with W. H. Edwards' figures so that it is evident that whichever author receives the credit for the specific name there will be no mix-up regarding the species itself. Wright's figures of the upper-side of baroni (PI. XVIII, Fig. 156) 88 seem to be that of colon Edw. but his underside figure is correct ; what he figures as rubicunda (Fig. 162) is really the true baroni. E. rubicunda Hy. Edw. (PI. X, Fig. 3). In the original description (Papilio I, p. 52, 1881) the type local- ity is given as the Sierra Nevada Mts. at from 2500-7000 ft. elevation. In Butt. N. Am. Vol. Ill, Mel. II, W. H. Edwards quotes Henry Ed- wards as stating that Mendocino Co. is the home of rubicunda and a specimen is figured taken by Mr. O. Baron in the Comptche district of Mendocino at an altitude of less than 2000 ft; we cannot see that this specimen is any other than baroni; it is a little larger than the specimens figured as baroni by W. H. Edwards on the previous plate but Edwards' specimens were probably undersized, due to breeding ; both W. H. and Henry Edwards state that the types of baroni came from Mendocino Co. and in a long series before us from the same locality we can match either of the figures excellently. We have re- cently, through the kindness of Prof. E. T. Owen, seen a series of a Mclitaea taken by Prof. Rivers at Tulare, Calif., which proves, after a comparison with the type in the Hy. Edwards' Collection, to be the true rubicunda; it is very similar to baroni on the upper side and can very readily be confused with this species ; it is however rather larger with considerably more red on the secondaries, resembling in this re- spect nubigena Behr, just as stated by Henry Edwards in his original description ; on the underside of the secondaries the outer fourth of the median yellow band, beyond the dividing black line, is the same color as the inner portion whereas in baroni it is generally distinctly red, the same color as the submarginal row of spots. It is probably this species which Behr called anicia Dbldy. and to which he compared his nubigena in the original description (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. Ill, 91, 1863). The home of the species seems to be the valleys of the High Sierras between the Yosemite Valley and Mt. Whitney ; it is extreme- ly close to augusta Edw. (quino Behr) and will probably prove to be merely a local form of this species. We figure a $ which agrees almost exactly with Hy. Edwards' type. E. quino Behr. In 1907 Fordyce Grinnell, in a paper in the Can. Ent. Vol. 39, p. 380, claims that this much disputed and misidentified species is the same as that described later by W. H. Edwards as augusta; there is a good deal in favor of this suggestion which is further supported by 89 the fact that a so-called 'type' of quino in the Strecker Collection bears out this theory as well as a specimen we have recently received from Prof. Owen which was identified by Behr himself as quino for Prof. Rivers. On the other hand there are several points that un- fortunately lead in a different direction. (1) The original descrip- tion distinctly states that in the difference of wing shape between the $ 's and 9 's the species closely approaches chalcedona; this is not very clearly borne out by the San Diego series of augusta before us ; there is of course a difference but not nearly so marked as in chalce- dona and in fact several $ 's have almost as rounded an apical area as the 9 's. (2) The underside of the primaries is said to closely resemble that of chalcedona in showing little indication of the markings of the upper side, being almost entirely of a reddish-brown color; this also does not apply at all well to our S. Diego specimens which generally have distinct yellow quadrate patches in and beyond the cell whereas in chalcedona the cell is practically unicolorous with the rest of the wing. (3) Behr's description is largely comparative with anicia Dbldy. but we do not know definitely what species Behr had identified as anicia; he certainly had not the true anicia before him which was de- scribed from material taken in the Canadian Rockies by Lord Derby, notwithstanding Grinnell's statement that California is the type local- ity of the species (1. c. p. 382). Behr claimed to have anicia from Mariposa and we suspect that what he calls anicia^ is the rubicunda of Hy. Edwards. In the first two points mentioned quino would be much more closely duplicated by sierra Wright than by augusta and if it were not for the fact that sierra is a form of the High Sierras whereas quino is stated to have been collected near San Diego, we would almost advise this reference. Is it possible that the locality is erroneous and that Dr. Cooper, who evidently, judging by Grinnell's statement, travelled in various regions of California, got his labels mixed? For the present, however, we accept Grinnell's synonymy but we imagine the last word in connection with quino has yet to be spoken. E. nubigena Behr. (PI. X, Figs. 8-10). The correct identity of this species is very puzzling. It was de- scribed from the head waters of the Tuolumne River and the descrip- tion is largely comparative with what Behr called M. anicia but which 90 we have already (under quino) stated could not be this species, which is not found in California, but might possibly be rubicunda. Nubigena is said to differ from Behr's anicia in having the club of the antennae blackish, not orange, and the portion of the median band on the un- derside of secondaries beyond the black dividing line not yellow but orange ; Behr was of the opinion that it might prove to be a high al- titude form of his anicia. With regard to the two points of distinc- tion mentioned by Behr we do not believe that the first can be used with any certainty at all as we have observed that the club of the an- tenna in most Melitaea species is variable in color between the two ex- tremes of yellow and black ; with regard to the second point this seems to be of greater value but not infallible as is shown in the case of baroni in which the outer portion of the median band is generally suf- fused with red but is occasionally yellow like the inner portion. We have before us a few specimens from Mineral King, Tulare Co., taken at a high altitude, and also some specimens from some of the higher points around Lake Tahoe and some of these distinctly show the peculiarity mentioned by Behr ; they also bear a great resemblance to rubicunda Hy. Edw. {anicia Behr) on the upper side, being however rather smaller in size; for the present and until careful collecting can be done in the type locality of nubigena we are inclined to place these specimens as the true nubigena; they probably will prove to be a high altitude form of either rubicunda or quino (augnsta) as all three are very closely allied ; the former two however do not as far as we have observed show the tendency to the red suffusion of the outer portion of the median band on the underside of secondaries. We imagine that the specimens referred to anicia by Grinnell in his article on quino are also nubigena Behr as we identify it. Colonia Wright, (1. c. PI. 20, Fig. 180) described from Mt. Hood, Ore. seems to be a northern race of nubigena; the red outer portion of the median band beneath is present and much more constant than in southern nubigena; we have long series from Crater Lake, Ore. and Mt. Ranier, Wash, taken by Dr. McDunnough on the highest points where vegetation occurred ; the most northerly form and the smallest one is we believe beani Skin, which was described as a variety of anicia from the high peaks around Laggan, Alta. but really belongs here as an examination of the type has shown us. Wright's figure of beani (Fig. 168) should be referred to anicia; Hollands figure (PI. XVIII, Fig. 13) seems cor- rect. 91 Since writing the above notes we have received a long series of nubigena taken this summer (1916) by one of our collectors in the type locality (Tuolumne Meadows) ; these specimens, of which we figure three, corroborate our identification. E. anicia Dbldy. This species was described from specimens taken in the Canadian Rockies by Lord Derby who we believe was one of the members of the Boundary Commission ; the types are in the British Museum and specimens from the neighborhood of Laggan and Banff are typical; the species extends down through the Rockies into Colorado and has been described from there by Edwards as brucei but there is practical- ly no difference between these high altitude Colorado specimens and the Canadian ones and the name is scarcely worth retaining. A much larger and brighter form which occurs in Colorado at lower al- titudes than anicia has been named capella Barnes ; it was described as a variety of nubigena but we think it is probably the form of anicia which occurs in lower altitudes. Wright figures this form as nubigena (PI. XIX, Fig. 171). E. wheeleri Hy. Edw. We do not believe that this is a form of nubigena as at present listed. It was described from S. Nevada and the description is very poor; we have however exactly matched the types with specimens from Glenwood Spgs., Colo, and have others from Utah so that the species would appear to be one of the Great Basin inhabitants. It is more closely related to sierra Wright, in our opinion, than to anything else but is duller in color and sufficiently distinct to warrant a name. Wright's figure (PI. XIX, Fig. 166) is correct and his anicia (Fig. 165) probably refers to the same species. Melitaea palla Bdv. We believe that ivhitneyi Behr will prove to be merely the high altitude form of palla, distinguished in general by the greater amount of red on the upper surface especially of the 9 . In the coast region of California (Alameda Co., etc.) the black 9 (eremita Wright) seems to predominate ; in the valleys of the interior at 2-3000 ft. al- titude both forms of the 9 are found in about equal numbers; in a long series before us taken by Dr. McDunnough at Shasta Retreat, Siskiyou Co. some of the specimens are typical palla and others again match well with ivhitneyi. The true home of whitneyi is apparent- 92 ly the region around Lake Tahoe and the High Sierras and all the 9 's we have seen from such localities are red and very similar to the $ 's having generally however the median row of spots of a paler color than the other rows. M. ARACHNE Edw. There has been considerable confusion between this species and minuta Edw. due to misidentifications by W. H. Edwards himself. Arachne was described from a 9 from Colo, received from Reakirt and the type, which we have examined, is in the Strecker Collection. Minuta was described from a specimen from Texas in the collection of J. W. Weidemeyer and Edwards states in his description of arachne that the type is no longer in N. America and that he only has pre- served a coarsely executed lithograph of it, a fact which is probably responsible for the confusion; Mead in the Wheeler Report (PI. XXXVI, Figs. 1, 2) figures as minuta what is really arachne, an error which led Strecker to redescribe the true minuta as approximata; in the Edwards' Collection at Pittsburg the species are reversed, $ and 9 specimens from Colorado being labelled 'minuta, type' and speci- mens from S. Colo, bearing the label 'arachne, type' which in view of the localities given in the original description clearly brands these types as spurious. Pola Bdv. described from Sonora will take priority over arachne Edw. the figure of the type being excellently depicted by M. Oberthur in Et. de Lep. Comp. IX, 2, Fig. 2188; the species occurs with ap- parently very little variation in Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado. Minuta Edw. {approximata Stkr.) is seemingly much more restricted in its distribution ; we have only seen the typical species from Kerrville, Texas but it is quite possible that nympha Edw. from Arizona is merely a brighter and more varicolored race of minuta; the maculation of the underside would certainly point to this. Hol- land's figure (PI. XVIII, Fig. 11) is that of pola (arachne) ; we figure upper and undersides of the true minuta (PI. X, Figs. 4, 7). M. callina Bdv. (PI. X, Fig. 11). After a careful study of the figure of the sole remaining type from Mexico (Oberthur, Et. de Lep. Comp. IX, (2), Fig. 2185) we have found that the species agreeing best with this figure is the Texan one known heretofore as ulrica Edw. (imitata Stkr.) ; we had suspect- ed from the localities that it would have been the Arizona species 93 that would best agree, i. e. perse Edw., but this latter form shows cer- tain features of maculation, notably on the underside of primaries that do not fit in at all well with Oberthur's figure ; we figure a $ from Kerrville, Texas which seems to be typical callina. It is possible of course that Boisduval had two forms before him at the time of de- scribing but the Sonoran types being lost we think it advisable to re- strict the name to the Mexican type especially as the original descrip- tion not only does not contradict this but rather seems to point in this direction. It is possible that elada Hew. may take priority over cal- lina Bdv. but we only know the species from Godman and Salvin's fig- ure and M. Oberthur is of the opinion that the true elada is something different from Godman and Salvin's conception of it (Et. de Lep. Comp. IX (2) p. 80) which to us looks more like perse than callina; a study of the type in the British Museum will be necessary to settle the matter. Socia Feld. is another very closely related form which may supplant one of our present names but a careful study of the type, which is possibly in the Tring Museum, is also necessary in this case. M. bolli Edw. (PI. X, Figs. 5, 6). This species was described from a single 2 from San Antonio, Texas ; in the Edwards' Collection the only specimens of both bolli and thekla are from Arizona and cannot be considered as types ; in Philadelphia we discovered however a 2 labelled in Edwards' hand- writing 'M. bolli, S. Ant., Tex.' which is without much doubt the true type. The type of thekla from S. Calif, which should be in the Smith- sonian Inst, we were unable to find ; it is probably lost. These two are very closely related and are without doubt forms of one species ; the Texas form (Fig. 6), to which the name bolli will apply, is dis- tinguished from the western form thekla (Fig. 5) (Ariz. S. Calif.) by the fact that on the underside of primaries the yellow submarginal and discal spots are not so sharply defined but tend to merge into the ground color of the wing. Both are closely allied to the Central Am- erican theona Men. ; we figure the underside of both forms. Phyciodes gorgone Hbn. Figs. 1 and 2 of Hubner's Samml. Exot. Schm. PI. 41, as stated by Scudder (Buff. Bull. II, p. 266), certainly refer to the species at present listed as ismeria Bdv. whilst Figs. 3 and 4 are as plainly the 2 of phaon Edw. If the name be held to the $ sex, gorgone Hbn. 94 will have priority over ismeria Bdv. and the synonymy of the two spe- cies will be: — gorgone Hbn. ismeria Bdv. & Lee. carlota Reak. phaon Edw. gorgone Hbn. 9 (nee S ). If it be contended that Boisduval by his description of ismeria limited gorgone to the $ sex (Figs. 3 and 4) then phaon must fall. P. vesta Edw. In Butt. N. Am. II, Phyc. II, Edwards proposes the names hiema- lis and aestiva for the two broods of this species. Hiemalis will sink however as a direct synonym of vesta, which leaves aestiva Edw. to apply to the summer generation. P. phaon Edw. In the same work mentioned in our note on the preceding species Edwards proposes the same two names to separate the spring and sum- mer forms. In this case however aestiva represents the typical phaon and will sink into the synonymy whilst the name hiemalis Edw. is free to be used for the spring form. P. tharos Drury. According to the original figures and descriptions both tharos Dru. and morpheas Fabr. were described from specimens of the sum- mer brood with pale underside of secondaries and morpheas Fabr. must therefore sink as a synonym. Marcia Edw. is the name to be retained for the spring form. Pascoensis Wright is the western form, distinguished in general by the lack of black markings in the extra discal area of both wings; packardi Saund. is a melanic aberration. The synonymy would therefore stand as follows: — (a) tharos tharos Dru. Eastern States to Rocky Mts. cocyta Cram. morpheas Fabr. form vern. marcia Edzv. ab. packardi Saund. ab. reaghi Reiff. (b) tharos pascoensis Wright. Western States beyond the divide. 95 P. campestris Behr. This species and pratensis Behr, both described in the same paper (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. Ill, 86) have generally been considered as referring to the 9 and $ respectively of one species, although Behr apparently had both sexes of each and gives the habitat of the for- mer as "marshy places where Hemitonia abounds" (presumably in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay) and of the latter "grassy hillsides" around San Francisco. A careful comparison of his descriptions with numerous specimens before us fails to show any definite points of dis- tinction and we concur for the present with the synonymy as gen- erally adopted. We would point out however that campestris has "line" priority over pratensis and if the two names do actually refer to a single species this should be designated as campestris Behr. It is a matter we will have to leave to our Californian lepidopterists to determine whether the marsh form and the hill-side form show any material points of distinction. Wright's Fig. 201 as well as his figures 202, 202b, and 202c (as orseis) are all campestris (pratensis) ; his figure 201b should probably be referred to pallida Edw. P. camillus Edw. Emissa Edw. is at present listed as a variety of this species but apparently is only the 9 and should fall into the synonymy. The types on which both names were founded were taken in Colorado by Mr. Mead. The species is probably merely the Rocky mountain form of the California campestris Behr; in fact specimens from Northern B. C, Idaho, and Washington before us could as well be referred to the one name as the other. The other two names, pallida Edw. and mata Reak., at present placed as forms of camillus, presumably on the authority of Edwards' Catalogue, we treat as forms of mylitta Edw. for reasons stated below. P. orseis Edw. This was described from Mt. St. Helena, Napa Co., Calif., and is stated to be the largest of the Californian species. It is at present doubtfully listed as a form of pratensis Behr. We have two speci- mens from Sonoma Co. which we have identified as this species from a comparison with the types in the Hy. Edwards' Collection ; we be- lieve it will prove to be a good species ; besides its larger size, it is very heavily black on the upper side, the fore wing is distinctly emarg- inate below the apex and the scallops of the outer edge of secondaries 96 more pronounced than in other species; Holland's figure (PI. XVII, Fig. 31) seems correct although a poor specimen. P. mylitta Edw. This species was originally described (1861 Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phil., p. 161) from specimens from Texas, Kansas, and California; later (1864 Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. II, 504) Edwards claims that collina Behr, described from California, is a synonym and states that he had several specimens included under mylitta as varieties which were ap- parently good species ; two of these Behr had described as campestris and pratensis and Edwards (p. 505) now describes a fourth as pallida from Texas and Kansas which to use his own words "I also supposed to be a variety of mylitta;" it would seem therefore that by this action Edwards restricted his mylitta to the Californian specimens. Recently we examined the series of mylitta in the Edwards' Collection with a view to determining just what his conception of this species might be; the series is very mixed ; a specimen from S. Colo, which we consider to be pallida Edw. is labelled ' 2 type' but this must be rejected as such as the locality is not mentioned in the original description ; sev- eral specimens from various localities are present representing the usual conception of mylitta (Holland, Butt. Book, PI. XVII, Fig. 41), one from Mt. Hood being labelled type ( !), and finally a $ labelled 'mylitta, Calif, type' which is neither of the above forms but appar- ently a peculiar race of montana, possibly from a lower altitude. There is nothing definite to prove that this specimen was one of the original types and as it is well known that Edwards never marked his specimens at the time of description as types but very often at a later date wrote 'type' in red ink on some other specimen which he considered typical (a fact abundantly proved by numerous specimens in his collection) we consider it the safest policy to follow Edwards' own statement that mylitta was identical with collina Behr and leave the conception of the species unchanged; it seems fairly evident from the description of collina Behr and Oberthur's figure of epula Bdv. that these two names refer to the same species. P. pallida Edw. The species was described in 1864 from Texas and Kansas ; in the Edwards' Collection the only specimen we could find in which the locality agreed with the description was a 5 labelled 'type $ camillus v. pallida, Texas'. This label must obviously have been put on at a 97 later date as camillus was not described until 1871 ; the specimen ap- peared to us to be an ordinary ? camillus and did not agree at all well with the original description of pallida; Edwards' statement, 'upper side fulvous, the markings disposed in spots and bands which nearly cover the whole surface, the black shade being mostly confined to the costal edge, hind margin and narrow spaces between the trans- verse bands', hardly applies to camillus but does apply much better to the large form of mylitta common in Colorado ; the size mentioned by Edwards {V/z in.) also points to this species. We imagine therefore that the specimen so labelled can hardly have been the true type. As further proof that pallida is rather a race of mylitta than of camillus (over which in any case it would have priority) is Scudder's state- ment (Buff. Bull. II, 267) that Edwards considered mata Reak. a synonym of pallida; we have seen the type of mata in the Strecker Collection and it is certainly the Colorado form of mylitta; it is a very worn and faded specimen, the white color mentioned by Reakirt being due in our opinion to the age of the specimen when captured and not to albinism; it is figured by Strecker (Lep. Rhop. Het. PI. VIII, Fig. II) and we would call particular attention to the size and shape of the three ochreous submarginal bands on both wings as compared with those of camillus. In the light of the above remarks we believe that the following grouping is advisable. mylitta mylitta Edw. Calif. collina Behr. epula Bdv. mylitta pallida Edw. Rocky Mt. region. mata Reak. P. barnesi Skin. This is probably a large form of mylitta pallida with reduced black markings on both wings above ; some of our 9 's from Glenwood Spgs., the type locality, are very close to 9 's of pallida from the vicin- ity of Denver. Anthanassa texana Edw. We cannot see how cincta Edw. has been listed as a synonym of this species. The original description states that it is allied to leuco- desma Feld. a species figured in Reise Nov. Lep. PI. 50, Fig. 11 and totally unlike texana. 98 The localities given are Texas and Florida but we doubt very much that this is correct and imagine the species will prove to be South American. Chlosyne lacinia Geyer. We doubt if any typical specimens of this species as figured by Godman and Salvin (Biol. Cent. Am. Rhop. PI. XIX, Fig. 6) have ever been taken in the United States ; it seems to be confined to the southern portion of Mexico and Central America. The species as it occurs in our territory can easily be separated into two forms. (1) The Southern Texas form characterized by broad orange bands on both wings more or less tinged with pale ochreous. In long series from various Texan localities before us we fail to find any great variation on the upper side; what variation there is consists in the reducing of the band of primaries to more or less ovate spots ; we have seen no specimens to which the name saundersi Dbldy. and Hew. could be applied ; in this form described from Venezuela the whole basal area of the secondaries is orange and the band on the primaries broader with scarcely any ochreous tint. Scudder (Buff. Bull. II, 269) has proposed the name adjutrix for this Texan form which seems to us to be an excellent geographical race. (2) The Arizona form which Edwards described as a separate species under the name crocale (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 17) ; this form typically has no trace of orange in the median band on upper side which is punctiform on primaries and narrow but continuous on sec- ondaries ; a variety in which the band is tinged with orange is com- mon and has been named rnfescens by Wright ; another variety with more or less total loss of the band on upper side of secondaries Wright has called nigrescens, but with numerous intergrades these two names are hardly worth holding. We have seen no specimens with total loss of band on both upper and under side of secondaries to which the name adelina Staud. has been given ; this form is figured in the Biologia (PI. XIX, Figs. 16, 17) and is evidently a race not occurring in our territory. As far then as our N. American forms are concerned we would suggest the following tabulation : — (a) lacinia lacinia Geyer. not U. S. (b) lacinia adjutrix Scud. S. Texas. (c) lacinia crocale Edw. Ariz. form rufescens Wright. form nigrescens Wright. 99 California Wright we prefer to treat for the present as a separate species as the base of the primaries on underside is orange. It extends from Western Arizona to the San Bernardino Mts., Calif. POLYGONIA SATYRUS Edw. Chrysoptera Wright (Butt. West Coast PI. XXII, Fig. 222) seems to be nothing but a slight variety of this species in which the subterminal markings are more or less obsolete especially in the 9 ; this form occurs with satyrus together and is quite common among Arizona specimens. P. marsyas Edw. We are in doubt as to just what this species is ; the original de- scription was drawn up from a pair from California in Coll. Reakirt; later (Butt. N. Am. II, PI. 3, Grapta) Edwards figures the species stating that the type pair, the only specimens known, were collected by Mr. Lorquin in the Rocky Mts. and sent to Mr. Reakirt. The specimens under marsyas in the Edwards' Collection are from Mendo- cino Co., Calif., and are absolutely identical with satyrus but no type is to be found ; Scudder claims that it is a dimorphic form of satyrus but Edwards disapproves of this reference and in his original descrip- tion calls it a small form of comma. Usually a dark form of satyrus from Vancouver Is., B. C, has been considered to be this species and Wright (Butt. W. Coast, PI. 22, Fig. 214) figures such a specimen. We have seen nothing that entirely corresponds with Edwards' figures among our British Columbia series so cannot say if this reference is correct. P. silvius Edw. This species has caused a good deal of perplexity. In the orig- inal description both $ and 9 from California (Hy. Edw.) are de- scribed. Later (Butt. N. Am. II, Grapta III) Edwards states that his 9 silvius was bred from a larva taken on Azalea occidentalis in the Yosemite Valley and is merely a slight aberration of rusticus. This 2 we have been seen in the Edwards' Collection and concur with his reference. The S type of silvius has been destroyed unfortunately (Butt. N. Am. II, Grapta III, foot note) and the original description makes it very doubtful whether the $ also can be referred to rusticus; we would call particular attention to the description of the underside where among other things we read, 'common series of extra discal 100 spots complete and consist of dark brown scales on an ochraceons ground, those next inner margin of primaries enlarged and the interior scales replaced by ochraceous; the submarginal lunules on incision of primaries indistinct and on secondaries obsolete.' This hardly applies to rusticus, no mention being made of the green color of the sub- marginal dots and lunules so noticeable in this latter species ; it does however apply excellently to the underside of zcphyrus Edw. and we believe that silvius may possibly be a form of this species. In the Hy. Edwards' Collection is a $ with a printed 'Co-type' label and a writ- ten label 'silvius' which bears out this association ; the ground color of the underside is however a peculiar deep brown color such as we have never seen in any other specimen. P. rusticus Edw. We fail to separate this from f annus, but if desired the name may be retained for the western coast form of this species, the type specimens being collected by Hy. Edwards in Vancouver Is., B. C, and at Big Trees, Calaveras Co., Calif. The types are missing in the Edwards' Collection with the exception of a possible single 9 labelled "California" and marked 'type'. In the Henry Edwards' Collection is a $ from each of the above localities and these are probably the types. P. oreas Edw. This is listed as a variety or dimorphic form of silenus Edw. on the strength of Scudder's remarks in Buff. Bull. II, 252. If this be so, according to the rules of nomenclature oreas must be used as the specific and silenus as the varietal name, the former having a year's priority. The types of oreas, which came from Dr. Behr, were pre- sumably returned to him and lost with the rest of his collection in the San Francisco earthquake ; the S and 9 now marked type in the Edwards' Collection are labelled "N. Calif. O. B." (O. Baron) and cannot be considered more than typical in any case. The species is one of the doubtful ones whose biology needs clearing up. P. silenus Edw. The species was described from a $ taken by Hy. Edwards in Oregon; the specimen marked type in the W. H. Edwards' Collection is labelled W. T. (Wash. Terr.) probably one of Morrison's captures. It can only be considered as typical, not a type. The true type is in the Hy. Edwards' Collection in New York. 101 Junonia genoveva Cram. (PI. IX, Fig. 6). We have received from our collector in Chokoloskee, Fla., a few specimens of what seems to be genoveva Cram, listed by Kirby as a West Indian species ; these specimens differ from coenia in the form of the large black eye-spot on primaries; in coenia (PI. IX, Fig. 5) this is encircled with gray-brown of various shades which is well- defined outwardly by a black line ; beyond this towards the base of the wing the white subapical banding extends downward almost to the anal angle; in genoveva the black eye-spot shows none of this but is merely surrounded by a rather suffused orange shade on both upper and under sides. The white subapical patches are also more or less tinged with orange. In our present lists the species is placed as a synonym of coenia, although having many years priority; we think however it represents a good species and would list it as such. We have several specimens from Miami, Fla., where typical coenia also occurs. Apparently genoveva is confined to subtropical Florida. Our figures illustrate the above-mentioned differences. Basilarchia arthemis Drury. It seems to have been generally overlooked by authors that the type locality of this species as given by Drury is New York, which, if we have regard to the time of the description (1773), probably means the vicinity of New York City; Scudder in his Butt. East. States, Vol. I, p. 299 states that it has not been taken south of Mass- achusetts and but rarely in this State; Newcomb, in his description of albofasciata states that most of the Massachusetts records of ar- themis as well as those from Long Is., Staten Is. and Jersey City refer to albofasciata and not arthemis. What then did these authors consider to be the true arthemis? Drury's figure in Westwood's edition shows a white banded form with distinct red submarginal spots on secondaries preceded towards the base of the wing by green lunules ; on the under side these red spots appear as on the upper side and are separated from the white band and from the marginal green lunules by broad black spaces ; the basal area is reddish tinged. We have before us a series of speci- mens received from a dealer, some simply with the State label New York, others purporting to have been taken in Sullivan and Ulster Co's. ; others from Woodland, N. J., and Passaic Co., N. J., and six bred specimens from Scranton, Pa., sent us as albofasciata; besides these we have one pair of the types of albofasciata, a $ from Sharon, 102 Mass., (A. C. Sampson) showing a tendency towards an elimination of the white band of secondaries and a 9 from Bedford, Mass., (L. Swett). Half of these specimens are without red spots on secondaries, others show traces of same and several, notably one of the bred speci- mens from Scranton, Pa., a S from Woodland and 2 $ 's from Ulster Co., N. Y., have well defined spots as in Drury's figure; in the speci- mens without red spots the green lunules have become as a rule much broader and more prominent, in many of the specimens there is also a distinct greenish cast in the basal area of the upper side. With regard to the status of alb of as data Newc. we are unable to separate it satisfactorily from our New York and New Jersey speci- mens which in view of the locality should be typical arthemis; we do not however feel that the last word has by any means been said re- garding the relationships of arthemis and astyanax and their various forms and we would emphasize the necessity for Eastern collectors occupying themselves in securing exact data concerning the localities where any or all of these forms occur, and endeavoring by rearing the larvae to ascertain how true to type they breed. We figure the underside of the recently described race, rubro- fasdata B. & McD. (PI. IX, Fig. 7). B. lorquini Bdv. The northern race of this species from Vancouver Is. and sur- rounding territory seems quite separable under the name of burrisoni Mayn. ; it is distinguished by the small amount of orange at the apex of primaries as well as by the almost entire lack of submarginal white lunules on the under side and a general deeper brown color ; specimens similar to burrisoni occur sparingly along with typical lorquini in some of the higher regions of California. Libytiiea carinenta Cram. (PI. VIII, Fig. 8). Larvata Stkr. seems to be only a ? form of this species in which the three whitish subapical spots of primaries have become more or less coalescent forming an irregular and partially interrupted band across the wing; we have several such specimens, one of which we figure, from Brownsville, Tex., which agree with the types in the Strecker Collection. 103 RHIODINIDAE Apodemia cythera Edw. This species was described from 3 $ 's captured in Arizona by Lieut. Wheeler's expedition ; judging by an account of the route taken by this expedition the specimens were captured in the western por- tion of the state near the California boundary. Mead figures the species from one of the types on PI. 36, Figs. 3 and 4 of the Report of this Expedition ; this figure leaves little doubt in our mind but that cythera must sink as a synonym of virgulti Behr described from S. California ; the small size, the sharp contrast between the dark base and the subterminal orange band on secondaries with scarcely a trace of white spots on the basal edge of this band and the small size of the white subterminal spots as well as the very dark under side all point to its identity with virgulti and the type localities of the two species are not at all divergent. In the Edwards' Collection the specimens stand- ing under this name are forms of the variety duryi of mormonia in which the whole hind wings are more or less suffused with orange ; such a form is figured by Wright as cythera (PI. XXVII, Fig. 295). Our Arizona localities for mormonia and its forms are all from the southeastern portion and it seems quite possible that duryi is a syn- onym of mejicanus Behr (Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. Ill, 178) ; an examina- tion of Mexican material will be necessary however to settle this. The types of cythera which should be in the National Museum are presum- ably destroyed. Calephelis nemesis Edw. We can see nothing that would separate australis Edw. from this species. Nemesis was described in 1871 from a $ taken in Arizona by Dr. Palmer and the type which should be in the National Museum has probably been lost before the collection of the Agricultural Dept. was transferred. In the Edwards' Collection are several specimens, all poor, from Arizona and S. California under this name; they can- not be separated from other specimens from S. Calif, and Texas placed under australis; this latter species was described in 1879 from speci- mens received from Boll in San Antonio, Texas, and at about the same time Strecker described guadcloupe from material received from the same source, antedating his paper in order to secure priority. We have seen Strecker's types and also the specimens from Texas in the Edwards' Collection under australis which are probably types although 104 not labelled and as already stated cannot distinguish them from nem- esis. The species seems to occur commonly all along our southern border. LYCAENIDAE Strymon calanus Hbn. Lorata G. & R. has been placed as a variety of this species with a black transverse line on the underside near base of wings. An ex- amination of the type specimen in the American Museum at New York very clearly shows that this line has been painted on the speci- men which is calanus pure and simple. Inorata Grt. the type of which we also examined is a slight varietal form of calanus with the inner white border line to the transverse dark band on underside of fore wing obsolete ; in our opinion the name is not worth retaining. S. AURETORUM Bdv. In our paper in Ent. Record XXVI, 195 (1914) we expressed our inability to identify this species but associated it doubtfully with tacita Hy. Edw. Since writing the above article we have received a pair of Theclas from Sonoma Co., Calif., the $ of which agrees with the description of tacita Hy. Edw., described from Mendocino Co., excellently ; it also approaches very close to Oberthur's figure of auretorum, only differing in possessing some slight blue scales on the underside of secondaries near the anal angle which in a single (and possibly worn) specimen might easily be missing. Both Boisduval and Hy. Edwards in their descriptions mention that on the upper side near the anal angle of secondaries are some faint ochraceous or red- dish scales ; these are also very faintly present in our S from Sonoma Co. Boisduval in his introduction states that the insects described in this first paper on Californian Lepidoptera were collected by Lorquin either in the placer mining districts, i. e. Placer, Eldorado, and Nevada counties chiefly, or the northern portions of California; at all events we can accept the type locality for auretorum as north of an imaginary line drawn between San Francisco and Virginia City, Nevada. Skinner (Ent. News, XXV, 47) and Comstock (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XXII, 34) list spadix Hy. Edw. as a synonym of auretorum Bdv. Spadix was described from 2 9 's from Tehachapi Pass, Kern Co., S. Calif. ; we have a series of both sexes before us including speci- mens from the type locality and find that the $ 's certainly approach 105 very closely to auretorum Bdv. (tacita Hy. Edw.) ; none of our series of eight specimens however shows any trace of fulvous at anal angle and the markings of the underside are still more obscure and the ground color more ochreous. Our single 9 of auretorum is the same color as the $ on the upper side whilst spadix ? 's are largely suf- fused with fulvous. Spadix is probably merely a southern race of auretorum but we think the name should be held for this southern race, the type locality for auretorum being distinctly northern as we have already shown. Regarding tetra Behr, which Comstock also lists as a synonym of auretorum, we know nothing further of this species but are inclined to agree with the reference after carefully reading the description ; it was described from a single 9 (no locality given) received from Dr. Behr, which is said to be 'uniform light brown' on upper side ; just what color Edwards meant by this is doubt- ful, if it is gray-brown then tetra probably should be referred to the true auretorum, if ochreous brown then possibly it takes priority over spadix although we have seen no 9 's of this latter form of a uniform color; they all have considerable dark gray brown scaling at base and apex of wings. Wright's figures of tacita are incorrect ; they probably should be referred to one of the calif ornica forms but the underside figure is too poor to make identification certain ; his figures of spadix look like very worn adenostomatis but are certainly not spadix. We figure the underside of a $ spadix from San Bernardino Co., Calif., (PI. X, Fig. 12). Genus Mitoura Scud. The genus as listed in Dyar's Catalogue comprising the three species damon Cram., simaethis Dru. and acis Dru. seems mixed ; the latter two species should be removed as they do not appear to be closely associated with damon which is the generic type. In our opinion the following species should be added as the type of maculation in all of them shows great affinity to damon: — castalis Edw., loki Skin., xami Reak. (blenina Hew.), nelsoni Bdv., siva Edw. and probably spinetorum Bdv. and johnsoni Skin. Blenina Hew. (PI. XI, Figs. 19, 20). With regard to this species there is not much doubt but that it sinks to xami Reak. (1866, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phil. p. 332) ; we have a specimen compared with Hewitson's type and it agrees perfectly with 106 Reakirt's description of xami, the type of which we could not find, although we searched in the Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Chicago Museum collections; siva Edw. at present listed as a synonym of blenina, must be removed, it seems very closely associated with nel- soni Bdv. or rather with its form muiri Edw., practically the only dif- ference being the green color of the underside ; that this color is how- ever very fugitive is shown in certain Utah specimens before us in which one side is green, the other brown, probably due to moisture in relaxing the specimens ; we should incline to list siva as the Rocky Mt. race of nelsoni Bdv. We figure both sides of xami (Figs. 19, 20) from specimens from Brownsville, Texas, and the underside of siva (Fig. 21) from Redington, Ariz., for comparison. Castalis Edw. We are unable to separate this form from damon Cram, and it has already been listed as a synonym by Scudder (Butt. II, 861). The species was described from specimens received from Belfrage col- lected near Waco, Texas ; there are no types of the species marked in the Edwards' Collection, but under this name are 3 specimens from Texas, apparently all 5 's, which cannot be separated from damon by the markings on the underside. Skinner's variety discoidalis was also described from presumable $ 's from Blanco Co., Texas, a locality but little removed from Waco. If a name is to be used for the Texan form, which as a rule has the yellow color on upper side in the $ sex paler and more extended (this is however not entirely constant) and the tails considerably longer it seems to us that castalis Edw. will take priority over discoidalis Skin. ; the Texan 9 's in our series from Shovel Mt. and Kerrville vary from specimens strongly overlaid with chestnut brown scales to entirely sooty brown forms, these latter speci- mens agreeing with the form described as pater sonia by Brehme (Ent. News, XVIII, 82) and which is now considered to be a seasonal form of damon. Heodes florus Edw. The species was described from specimens received from Capt. Geddes collected on the Red Deer River, Alta., presumably south of Edmonton ; the specimens in the Edwards' Collection under this name are from Laggan, Alta. so cannot be considered as types. Through the kindness of Mr. A. Gibson we have recently had the opportunity of examining a $ specimen of florus from the Geddes Collection at 107 Ottawa taken by Capt. Geddes in Aug. 1883 in the Crow's Nest region of the Canadian Rockies; this agrees with the Laggan specimens in the Edwards' Collection and in our opinion represents a form of helloides in which the orange submarginal band on the upper side of secondaries is greatly reduced ; such forms occur occasionally among typical helloides in California and Colorado and develop apparently into a constant race in the northern Rockies ; we have a number of such specimens from Yellowstone Park, Wyo. Leptotes striata Edw. We have examined the types of this species in Pittsburgh and find they are the same as the type of cassius var. floridcnsis Morr. (Buff. Bull. I, 187) the 9 type of which is in the Edwards' Collection; both names will probably fall to theonus Luc. but one may possibly be re- tained if the Floridan and Texan form proves distinct from the Cuban one. Brephidium isophthalma H. S. According to genitalia the species is identical with e.vilis Bdv. and this is borne out by the pattern ; isophthalma should probably be considered as the Floridan and West Indian race of exilis, this latter name having priority ; we found it fairly common in a salt marsh in S. W. Florida in April. Hemiargus hanno Stoll. In the synonymy of this species as given in Skinner's list there are apparently several species involved. The species, as usually identi- fied, occurs in Florida and is well figured on the underside by Holland (Butt. Book, PI. 32, Fig. 3) ; it may be distinguished by the single large black ocellus sprinkled with metallic scales between veins 2 and 3 on underside of secondaries. Stoll's figure of hanno is very crude and the upperside does not agree at all well with our Floridan $ 's, showing no trace of the black border or slight black spot on upper side of secondaries between veins 2 and 3; the underside does how- ever show the single black anal spot and the two small costal dots so that the lack of the dark border might perhaps be attributed to inac- curacies of the artist ; the species is stated by Stoll to occur in Surinam and Cape of Good Hope, so that in all probability, if the localities given are correct, two species were involved. For the present we can see no reason why the name should not be applied according to the pre- vailing custom. Hubner's figure of Rusticus adolescens hanno (Exot. 108 Schm. I, PI. 98) although agreeing fairly well in the $ upper side shows great dissimilarity on the underside ; there is no black anal spot at all, but merely a double series of marginal lunules; it seems hardly probable that Hubner would overlook such a prominent feature es- pecially as according to Boisduval (Lep. Am. Sept. p. 115) he was noted for his accuracy so we imagine some other allied W. Indian species has been figured ; gyas Edw. approaches much closer to Hub- ner's figure than does the true hanno. Lucas' hamo (Sagra, Hist. Cuba VII, p. 612) probably refers to the same species as Hubner figures as there is also no mention made in the diagnosis of the black anal spot. Astenidas Bdv. (Lucas in Sagra, Hist. Cub. VII, p. 613) must also be rejected from the synonymy of hanno as the under side of secondaries is stated to possess 3 or 4 black ocelli, margined with fulvous, "tribus vel quatuor ocellis, nigris, fulvocircumcinctis." We have not seen the figure of Poey's filenus (Cent. Lep. Cuba) but accept Boisduval's word that it is the species figured in Lep. Am. Sept. PI. 35, Figs. 5-7 under pseudoptiletes; this species certainly is our Floridan one and if hanno be accepted as referring to the same insect, filenus and pseudoptiletes become synonyms. The final name in the synonymy of hanno is H emiargus antibu- bastus Hbn. (Zutr. Ex. Schm. I, PI. 18, Figs. 99, 100) from 'Georgia', the type of the genus, which Hubner later (Verz. p. 69) apparently confuses with bubastus Cram. Taking into account the locality from which the species was described and allowing for some slight inaccur- acies of the artist we imagine the name to be correctly applied ; it may have to be employed instead of hanno Stoll if this prove to be refer- able to some West Indian species, but this is a point for some one to decide who is more favorably situated with regard to West Indian material than we are. H. gyas Edw. The type of this we have not seen ; it should be in the National Museum as it was described from a single $ taken in Ariz, by Dr. Palmer, but we could find no trace of it there. The specimens in the Edwards' Coll. belong to what has later been described as astragala Wright (Butt. W. Coast, p. 232) and florencia Grinnell (Ent. News, XXV, 28) and as these specimens fit in well with the original descrip- tion they are probably typical. Wright's figure of hanno from Ariz. (PI. 30, Fig. 397) should also be referred to this species. The mar- ginal spotting on the underside of secondaries is rather variable; in 109 our series both from Arizona and S. Calif, specimens of both sexes are met with in which the two black spots between veins 2 and 3 and 3 and 4 are quite evident and also the two smaller silvery spots at the anal angle ; other specimens show a reduction of the spot between veins 3 and 4 which may be carried so far as to leave only a few silver traces and no black underlying color at all ; Wright assumed that this dis- tinction was sexual but this is not the case. The species is closely related to the Florida hanno, in fact the genitalia are practically the same, and it is probably only a western race of this species ; it can at once be distinguished by its pale violet-blue color in the $ without any appreciable dark border. We cannot see any points that would separate florencia from astragala and believe that they both fall before gyas Edw. A fourth name that has been applied to this same species is zachaeina Butl. and Dru. The 9 of the original description has been referred to isola Reak. by Godman and Salvin but the $ as figured in the Biologia (PI. 58, Figs. 36-38) is this species. We have a series from Brownsville, Texas and as it differs from the Arizona form in the deeper blue of the upper side (the Biologia figure is too pale) and the rather broader dark margin, as well as in the apparent con- stancy of the two black ocellar spots on the underside the name zachaeina may be held as a racial form of gyas occuring in southern- most Texas and Mexico. EVERES COMYNTAS Godt. From a large series of specimens before us from Huachuca Mts. and other mountain chains of S. E. Ariz, we should be inclined to refer hcrri Grinnell to comyntas rather than amyntula; the original descrip- tion is rather vague and we wonder if the $ of herri was not after all a $ as we have seen no Arizona 9 's which are all blue with a narrow black border; the statement however that herri differs from amyntula in the broader black border on the upper side and the better defined and larger spots on the under side points to comyntas; further our Huachuca Mt. series is distinctly double-brooded while amyntula is said to be single brooded (Bethune-Baker, Ent. News, XXIV, 154) and most of the specimens show red lunules near the anal angle on secondaries above which is not met with in amyntula to our knowledge and is supposed to be one of the distinguishing features between comyntas and amyntula. Our Arizona specimens average rather larger than Eastern comyntas, but large specimens from the East can hardly 110 be distinguished from the Arizona race. We imagine that Bethune- Baker's series from Ft. Wingate, N. M., which he refers to comyntas (1. c. p. 101) is the same as our Arizona form. The species described by Wright from a single 2 as sissona (Butt. W. Coast, p. 232, PI. 30, Fig. 400) is apparently, to judge by the figure, a worn $ specimen of this species ; the wings are decidedly rubbed so it is probable the tail has been torn off. Dr. McDunnough took a small series of this species during the first week of July at Shasta Retreat in the summer of 1915, the $ agreeing excellently with Wright's figure ; the $ 's show little or no orange at angle of hind wings above but the clearness of the under side maculation and the small size would seem to point to comyntas; he also took a single fairly typical amyntula in the same locality in the last week of June. Plebeius scudderi Edw. The name has been applied generally to the form of the Eastern States, but the type locality given is Lake Winnipeg; the Edwards' Collection contains only N. Y. specimens under scudderi and we could find nothing in the Scudder Collection at Cambridge from the type locality. The type form according to both the original description and Edwards' later statement (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. IV, 348) has no red submarginal lunules on the under side of primaries and to judge by a few Nepigon specimens before us which seem to be typical is paler and rather rougher looking on the under side with more green- ish scaling at base of wings ; Toronto specimens are fairly typical but our N. Y. and North Indiana series show considerable red and are brighter and more heavily marked. The species extends far into the north ; we have a series from Atlin, B. C, near the Alaskan border with the $ 's largely suffused with a pale grey-blue, more so than in aster Edw. ; this latter name will apply to Newfoundland specimens which seem sufficiently distinct to warrant a racial name. Specimens from high altitudes in Colorado (Silverton, 10,000 ft.) are intermed- iate in the $ 's between scudderi and melissa, some being without the red submarginal band on primaries above and considerably suffused with blue and others almost as in typical melissa; the $ 's and the under sides of both sexes are close to typical scudderi. Melissa, judging by the presumable types from Colorado in Pitts- burgh, apart from its heavy red submarginal markings on the under- side, appears to vary from what we call typical scudderi in having the discal row of black spots on the underside distinctly closer to the red Ill submarginal band ; whether this will prove of specific value or not we cannot say, but we mention the fact in the hope that it may prove helpful in separating the two forms and elucidating their geographical distribution. Typical melissa we possess in series from Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and N. Mexico ; a very similar form occurs in S. Cali- fornia but further north in the same state we meet with a form, appar- ently quite rare, which has a paler and more brilliant blue in the $ and an almost white underside (as in anna) with the spots reduced in size; this we take to be lotis Lint., described from Mendocino Co., Calif., (PL XI, Fig. 12). The types should be in the Edwards' Col- lection in Pittsburgh but we were unable to find them there ; however in the Henry Edwards' Collection in New York under lotis is a $ from the type locality which agrees perfectly with Lintner's description and is presumably correctly identified ; we have a few specimens from Havilah and Tehachapi, Calif, which agree with it and from which we have made the above notes figuring a specimen from the latter locality. Wright's figures of melissa (Fig. 379) are apparently cor- rect but his lotis (Fig. 383) should be referred to anna. Annetta Mead, judging by the $ genitalia, cannot be referred as a variety of anna but belongs in the scndderi-melissa group and is possibly a race of the former. Kodiak Edw., according to Wright's figures (1. c. PL 29, Fig. 265), which agree well with the description, also falls into this group. P. anna Edw. This is a good species with the falces of the tegumen in the $ genitalia far less developed than in sendderi; it seems prone to diminu- tion of the eye-spots of the underside and we consider that Behr's cajona is correctly referred as a synonym after examining the type in the Strecker Collection. The food-plant is a yellow-flowering species of Hosackia common on moist hill sides in Northern California. Wright's figures (Fig. 384) are correct; the $ is usually much more scantily marked on the underside than in his Fig. 384c. P. saepiolus Bdv. As already remarked by us (Ent. Record XXVI, 199) the form with the 9 scaled with blue at the base is the nimotypical form ; this form seems rare in California but Wright figures such a 2 from Emigrant Gap (1. c. PL 29, Fig. 363b) and as this locality corresponds in a general way with the country collected in by Lorquin before 1852 112 it will probably not be far wrong to fix the type locality of saepiolus as the high mountains of Placer and Sierra Cos. Long series before us from Lake Tahoe region, and Nevada Co. show only the brown 9 's so that the blue 9 's are either very local or confined to high alti- tudes; this latter theory would be borne out by the fact that in the north of the continent i. e. Northern British Columbia, Saskatche- wan, etc., the blue 9 is apparently the usual and possibly the only one; it is also found in the high altitudes of Colorado (Hall Valley, Silverton) and in southern Utah and White Mts., Ariz. The brown 9 form of northern and middle California may have the name rufescens Bdv. applied to it ; it is usually of large size with obsolete reddish marginal lunules ; the $ 's cannot be distinguished from saepiolus $ 's, the width of the dark border being very variable in specimens from the same locality ; the brown 9 extends into South- ern British Columbia and is also prevalent in the Yellowstone Park region. Holland figures a typical specimen as daedalus (PI. XXXI, Fig. 12). In the high mountains of Southern California we find a form with very heavy spots in both sexes on the underside, with broad dark border on upper side in $ and with the 9 's rather small and much darker on upper side (usually black-brown) with consequently more prominent marginal red lunules; this has been named hilda by Grin- nell but we fear this name must fall before aehaja Behr, described from the Tuolumne meadows, and compared by Behr to alexis (astrarche) of Europe. Behr mentions both sexes as brown but we imagine he had only 9 's before him as the description can only apply to saepiolus and there is no species of Lycaena known in California with brown $ 's (fuliginosa is not a Lycaena but a Thecla). After a careful reading of Behr's description of daedalus we can- not see how it can be referred to saepiolus as has been done by Wright (1. c. PI. 29, Fig. 361). Behr knew saepiolus as he lists it in the same paper and states his aehaja was found flying with this species which is not to be wondered at when we recognize that the name was based on 9 saepiolus; we think daedalus is some aberrant form of icarioides with which it was associated in the first place by Behr himself. P. podarce Feld. What Wright figures as podarce (Fig. 375) is totally wrong; his figures apparently represent a form of pseudargiolus. 113 Podarce is closely related to rustica Edw. from Colorado differ- ing in having the usual bands of black dots on the underside of sec- ondaries well defined and not suffused with white as in rustica; these along with aqailo Bdv. are North American representatives of the European orbitulus. P. icarioides Bdv. (PI. XI, Fig. 16). As already stated (Ent. Rec. XXVI, 198) we can see nothing, after a further careful study of our material and Oberthur's figures of the types, by which to separate philcros from icarioides and sink the former as a synonym ; fulla Edw. must also fall. Maricopa Reak. was presumably described from a 2 specimen although Reakirt (1866 Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phil, p. 245) calls it a $ ; Strecker states (Lep. Rhop. Het. p. 85) that the type did not come into his possession along with Reakirt's other types but later lists the type (Suppl. III. p. 20) as a 2 in his collection ; this 2 we have seen and it scarcely corresponds to the original description which states "upper side brown, glossed with violet blue" whilst the 2 of the Strecker Collection is entirely brown ; it is probably not a type. The original description so clearly indicates a 2 icarioides that we have no hesitation in placing maricopa as a synonym of this species; in a previous paper (Ent. Record p. 198) we were doubtful whether to associate it with icarioides or pardalis Behr, not having seen the original description and relying on Streck- er's so-called type, but the reference to icarioides we believe to be cor- rect. Wright's underside figures of heteronca, fulla, pheres, and icarioides (PI. 29, Figs. 355, 358, 359, 360) all refer to this species; of his upper side figures we prefer to say nothing without having seen the specimens, but heteronca and pheres are certainly misidentifications in both sexes. Evius Bdv. The species was described from Southern California and both $ and 2 types are figured by Oberthur (1. c. Figs. 2072/3) ; the original description fits in best with figure 2073, the 2 , as both the broad dark border of primaries and the discal streak are mentioned ; we have a specimen from S. Diego Co. that agrees closely with the $ (Fig. 2072) but no 2 's. The species will probably prove to be a race of icarioides. 114 Daedalus Behr we think should be a form of icarioides, possibly an aberrant one with transversely drawn out spots on primaries ; Behr associates it with icarioides which he had apparently identified cor- rectly. Mintha Edw. is a doubtful form from Nevada, possibly a well marked ardea; we have not been able to find the type either in Pitts- burg or New York. Helios Edw. is also doubtful and the types are seemingly lost. Ardea Edw. The species was described from the neighborhood of Virginia City, Nevada, and the $ type is in the Hy. Edwards' Collection in New York; it is a rather small specimen with greatly reduced macu- lation on the underside of both wings, the ground color being a pecu- liar light-gray ; we have a series from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, the $ 's of which agree closely with the type in ground color of underside, but have the spots of the primaries better developed. We think ardea will prove to be a race of icarioides from the Great Basin region, with paler violet-blue color and very slight dark marginal border; on the underside the dark spots tend to become obsolete and appear as white spots with faint dark centers ; throughout Utah and in Colorado west of the divide we meet with a very similar form showing the same ten- dency to reduction of spots, but with slightly more pronounced black marginal border; this form has been variously called evins or pheres, but we imagine should be rather referred to ardea. We figure the underside of a Nevada $ . Lycea Edw. This is the race from Colorado west of the divide and is typical in the canyons around Denver ; rapahoe Reakirt is the 9 of this form, a 9 with rather more blue than usual being mistaken by Reakirt for the $. Pembina Edw. The species was described from Lake Winnipeg; we have no ma- terial from this locality, but specimens from Calgary and Yellowstone Park seem to fit in with the description well ; the types seem to be lost. It is a small race with little blue on 9 's and tendency to darker color, broader borders and distinct discal dash in $ ; the underside is rather brownish with often a reduction of the black spots to mere dots and a corresponding increase of white encircling color as in ardea. 115 The following synonymy of this involved species is offered : icarioides Bdv. Mts. of California. maricopa Reak. daedalus Behr. phileros Bdv. fiilla Edw. helios Edw. (?) a evius Bdv. S. Calif. b ardea Edzv. Great Basin Region. mintha Edw. ? c lycea Edw. Western Rocky Mt. Region. d pembina Edzv. Manitoba and Northern Rocky Mts. south to Wyoming and Montana. P. pheres Bdv. (PI. XI, Figs. 14, 15). Typical pheres is only known from the San Francisco Bay re- gion; the types are figured by Oberthur (1. c. Figs. 1944/5); Hol- land's figure of the $ (Butt. Book PI. 30, Fig. 37) is only doubtfully correct, as the color is certainly not sufficiently violet-blue and the mar- ginal spots of hind wings less prominent; it probably is from Van- couver Island and a variety of icarioides, the underside (Fig. 42) of the 2 seems correct; Wright's figures (1. c. PI. 29, Fig. 359) are totally wrong and it is hard to say just what they are, owing to the poor con- dition of the specimens; judging by the underside they appear to be a form of icarioides with reduced spotting; writers generally seem to have identified the Vancouver Is. form of icarioides as pheres al- though the original description mentions S. Francisco as type local- ity. We figure a $ and 2 from the type locality and would call at- tention to the white discal spot in the 2 which is quite characteristic. In the $ genitalia there is absolutely nothing to distinguish pheres from icarioides; it seems to be a race of this species which possibly through environment and change of food plant (the food plant is Lupinus chamissonis according to Williams, Ent. News, 1910, p. 41) has practically become constantly variant and may be desig- nated as a species (ride Williams, Ent. News, XIX, 1908, p. 483). Orcus Edw. which has generally been considered an aberration of xerces should we think be referred to pheres; the 'pruinose blue' color of upper side with 'broadly fuscous' margin and the 'grey cinere- ous' color of underside with 'scarcely discernible line of submarginal 116 points' all point to pheres rather than xerces; we have been unable to find the type specimen in either New York or Pittsburg. P. SHASTA Edw. Minnehaha Scud, described from N. Dakota should be separated as a race ; it has much narrower black borders without trace of orange, but with white terminal line and distinct black dots on the upper side of secondaries ; it is also found on the high mountains of Colorado ; typical shasta occurs throughout the Sierra Nevada range as far north as Oregon. Wright's figure of shasta may be correct for the S (Fig. 378) but the 5 (378b) is doubtful and the underside (378c) is certainly not shasta but possibly cnoptes. Philotes battoides Behr. (PL XI, Figs. 7, 8, 10). We have already expressed the opinion (Ent. Rec, 1914, p. 201) that battoides is a species distinct from cnoptes Bdv. and our further studies have confirmed this opinion. A comparison of the $ genitalia shows that an extraordinary difference exists between the two species, more so than between any two other apparently closely related forms that we know of, — in fact, the difference is almost generic in char- acter. Typical battoides is a high altitude form, originally described from specimens taken at the head waters of the Tuolumne River (11,000 ft. altitude) ; we have a long series from Mineral King, Tulare Co. and also similar specimens from Crater Lake, Oregon (7.200 ft.), taken by Dr. McDunnough in 1915 along the rim of the lake wherever a small yellow Eriogonum species was growing. In general the species is characterized by the heavy quadrate black markings of underside on a pale whitish ground heavily dusted with black scales and with broad black marginal line on both wings, and broad red submarginal band on secondaries ; the fringes on both wings are decidedly checkered. On the upper side considerable variation is shown in regard to the amount of red on secondaries in $ sex, some specimens showing no trace of this color and others again with a distinct band as on the underside. A much smaller race (20 mm. average expanse) (PI. XI, Figs. 9, 11, 13) occurs at lower altitudes in the S. Bernardino Mts. and around S. Diego with a rather paler ground color and less heavy markings on underside, especially on the secondaries which show scarcely any of the black dusting so prominent in the type form ; for this race we propose the name Bernardino; our type series is from 117 Camp Baldy, S. Bernardino Mts., but we have other specimens from San Diego, Pasadena and Havilah. We have seen no battoides from east of the Sierras and imagine such records refer to enoptes. Wright's description of battoides is quite misleading ; he evidently did not know the species and his statement that it possesses tails is wrong entirely. We figure specimens of both races. P. glaucon Edw. (PI. XI, Figs. 2, 5). The species was described from $ and 9 taken in Nevada by Henry Edwards; in the W. H. Edwards' Collection the series under glaucon is very mixed, most of the specimens being enoptes pure and simple; a couple of specimens however from Colorado represent a dif- ferent form; there are no Nevada specimens present which could be considered as types, the only ones from this region having, according to the label, been captured by Morrison. In the Henry Edwards' Col- lection in New York under glaucon is a 9 from Nevada which agrees excellently with the original description and which is very probably one of the original types ; the fulvous shading on the submarginal spots on the underside of primaries is present, but not at all strongly marked ; a $ is also in the collection and is certainly the same species, but shows no fulvous shading on primaries beneath, so we would hesitate to call it a type. These specimens agree with the Colorado ones in the W. H. Edwards' Collection mentioned previously and we think without doubt represent the true glaucon; we have the species in series from Utah localities and it apparently represents a Great Basin form ; in the color of the underside it is close to enoptes, but the black spots are rather heavier and the orange band of secondaries much broader, making the species intermediate between battoides and enoptes; according to our series the fulvous shades on the underside of pri- maries are not constant— in fact the majority of our specimens are without them; the $ genitalia point to a close relationship with enoptes. We figure what we consider typical glaucon from Provo, Utah as well as enoptes from Mineral King, Tulare Co. Calif. (PL XI, Figs. 1, 4) and our recently described rita from Arizona (PI. XI, Figs. 3, 6) for comparison. Glaucopsyche xerces Bdv. (PI. XI, Fig. 18). It has been pretty well proven as we have already stated (Ent. Record 1914, p. 200) that this species occurs in two form i. e. with and without black centers to the white spots of the underside ; typical 118 xcrces has no black centers and being the oldest description applicable to this species (1852 1. c. p. 296) must hold the specific. name. It is unfortunate that the next two descriptions referable to this species should be of rather abnormal forms; antiacis Bdv. (1852, p. 300) is a large form with rather broader borders on the upper side than usual and with a slightly different arrangement of black centered spots on the underside of secondaries, spot 2 of the postmedian row being absent and spot 1 closely approached to the costal spot above the discocel- lular; it is figured by Oberthur (1. c. Fig. 1951) ; we have no specimen just like it, but have a specimen of typical xerces showing this pecu- liarity. Wright erroneously figures the Southern Calif, race of behri under this name; his mertila is also not typical but an intergrade between polyphemus and xerces. Mertila Edw. (1866) is close to the normal black spotted form but between the discocellular lunule and the base of wing on primaries is a white dash ; this form occurs in both sexes and in both the spotted and unspotted forms. Polyphemus Bdv. (1869) is the first name applicable to the normal spotted form; there are many intergrades between this and xerces and also towards mertila and in one 5 before us which we figure the spots on one side are typical xerces and on the other side just as typical polyphemus, a fur- ther proof, if needed, that but one species is under consideration ; there is also occasionally considerable reduction in the spots, such specimens passing under the name of orcus Edw. but as already stated we con- sider orcus referable rather to pheres than to xerces. The synonymy of the species would be : xerces Bdv. form ah. antiacis Bdv. form ab. mertila Edw. form norm, polyphemus Bdv. The food plant of the species is given by Williams (Ent. News, XIX, 478) as Lotus glaber and the larva is stated to be separable from that of behri Edw. The species seems to bear the same relation to behri that pheres does to icarioidcs, being a species peculiar to the sand dunes of the Pacific coast. G. behri Edw. After careful study of the original description we agree with Williams in adopting this name for the species closely allied to xerces found flying around the San Francisco Bay region (vide. Ent. News, 119 XIX, 477, 482). Scudder has shown (C. Ent. VIII, 234) that Ed- wards later misidentified his own species and this is borne out by the specimens in the Edwards' Collection under behri, the $ 's of which are distinctly referable to icarioides (mark op a) ; Scudder however has identified a Southern California race as behri not having seen any specimens from the middle section of the state; in view of the fact that Behr was residing in S. Francisco we believe there is more prob- ability of typical behri having been captured around this city than in Southern California. Lycaena pardalis Behr. (PI. XI, Fig. 7). We have already referred erymus Bdv. to this species (Ent. Rec. 1914, p. 199). A study of the $ genitalia shows it referable to the genus Lycaena which contains the arion group of European blues; Behr's original comparison of the species with the arion group was therefore extremely well founded. This species has apparently been confused with icarioides as several specimens have come to us bear- ing this label. The species is local; the type locality is the Contra Costa Coast range and we have specimens from Sonoma Co. and Mill Valley, Marin Co. before us. We figure the underside of a 9 show- ing the heavy black spotting on a deep brown ground color. Lycaenopsis pseudargiolus Bdv. Tutt has shown (Brit. Butt. II, p. 405) that Butler's citation of ladon Cram, as referring to our N. Am. species is entirely ungrounded and that the name pseudargiolus must be retained. We cannot follow Edwards' reasoning at all, however, in restricting the name to the large, sparsely marked summer form of the Southern Atlantic States. He says (1866, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI, 205), following a redescrip- tion of pseudargiolus (according to his idea), that Boisduval's descrip- tion might apply to either 'this species or to neglecta or to violacea and the figure of the male is not pseudargiolus but nearer violacea, being same size, very like it beneath but not well colored on the upper side,' and then strangely goes on to attempt to prove that pseudargiolus should be applied to the large form figured by Smith & Abbot as argiolus (PI. 15). Later (Butt. N. Am. I, Lye. II, text) he rejects Boisduval's figure of $ pseudargiolus as not coinciding with the text, apparently on the sole ground that Boisduval's description states that the fringes are checkered and his figure shows only those of the pri- maries to be so. If we turn to Boisduval's description which is com- 120 parative with the European argiolas we find among other things that the size is a little smaller than argiolus, the color of the $ a delicate violet-blue above and beneath 'a gray much more obscure than in argiolus' and that it may be distinguished from argiolus by the stout- ness (grosseur) of the row of black dots on underside, (Edwards' translation of grosseur is merely 'size' which might mean larger or smaller). We find all these points admirably borne out by Boisduval's figure (PL 36, Figs. 1, 2) but not at all by the form to which Edwards' would apply the name and which he figures (Butt. N. Am. II, Lye. II, Figs. 8, 9) in which the size is larger than argiolus, the underside is as pale if not whiter and the spots are more reduced. As Edwards himself has said pseudargiolus is nearest violacca and in our opinion this latter name should be sunk as a synonym, as it is only to this form that both Boisduval's description and plate could possibly be referred. Edwards' action was apparently an attempt to retain both his names (neglecta and violacca) and at the same time provide a name for the large summer form. Tutt (Brit. Butt. II, 405) in his discussion of the American forms of C. argiolus offers a good deal of criticism on Edwards' grouping of the various generations of this species and proposes (p. 407) the name ncglecta-major for the form which has been generally regarded as pseudargiolus. HESPERIIDAE Genus Eudamus Swains. We are sorry to say that this genus must fall before Goniurus Hbn. ; the type of this latter genus was specified as simplicius Stoll by Kirby in 1870 (Ent. Mo. Mag. VII, 56) and the type of Eudamus was specified by Swainson as proteus according to Scudder (1875, Hist. Sketch p. 169). These two species being congeneric the more recent generic name Eudamus will become a synonym of the older name Goniurus. Scudder's action in fixing (Hist. Sketch, p. 180) coelus as the type of Goniurus was ultra vires and not in accord with the present rules governing nomenclature ; he is followed in this by Mabille (Gen. Ins. Hesp. p. 23). Genus Hesperia Fabr. Dr. Dyar in his Revision of the Hesperiidae of the U. S. (1905, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XIII, 117) has confused the three genera Heliopetes Billb., Scclothrix Ramb. and Pyrgus Hbn. ; this is in part 121 due to an error on the part of Mabille (Gen. Insect. Hesp. p. 82) who placed syrichtus Fabr. in his section Pyrgus of Hesperia diagnos- ing it as ' $ with costal fold but without hair pencil on hind tibiae' whereas as Dr. Dyar has pointed out (1. c. p. 117/8) syrichtus possesses both. Unfortunately Dr. Dyar has overlooked the fact that syrichtus is the type of the genus Pyrgus and has removed syrichtus to Helio petes instead of rather removing the other species from Pyrgus. With regard to the fixing of the type of Pyrgus Tutt claims (Brit. Butt. I, p. 85) that Stephens in 1834 and 1850 fixed the type as malvae L. Both the works cited however are Lists of British Butter- flies, the former being 'An Abstract of the Indigenous Lepidoptera contained in Hubner's Verzeichniss' and the latter a mere 'Catalogue of the British Animals in the British Museum' and we entirely agree with Bethune Baker (1914, Ent. Record, XXVI, 133) in not accept- ing Stephen's action as being in any way of the nature of a restriction but as merely an 'ordinary usage without references'. This would render Butler's action in 1870 in specifying syrichtus as the type per- fectly valid. With regard to Scelothrix Ramb. Scudder states (1875, Hist. Sketch, p. 266), without designating any type, that the name falls before Hesperia Fabr. The type of this latter genus must appar- ently be accepted as malvae L., due to Cuvier's action in 1799 {vide Tutt, Brit. Butt. I, p. 84, 220), the later designation of comma L. as type being apparently ultra vires on account of Cuvier's restriction ; it would be well then to fix the type of Scelothrix Ramb. definitely as malvae L. so that Scudder's action may be substantiated. Dyar states that there are no species of Hesperia in N. America but this error is evidently caused by his selecting Mabille's first section of Hesperia as typical instead of his last section which contains malvae L. ; Dyar's genus Scelothrix must therefore be changed to Hesperia; we might note that scriptura shows no costal fold in the $ and differs slightly from the other N. American members of the genus in the squammation of the palpi ; it may fall into one of Tutt's doubtful genera erected on p. 218 of British Butterflies, Vol. I. Heliopetes as used by Dyar is correct except that syrichtus and philetas must be removed; these should be placed in the genus Pyrgus and for the present we feel inclin- ed to include with them tessellata Scud, and occidentalis Skin, which only differ in lacking the hind tibial pencil of hairs in the $ (Tutt has proposed the genus Muschampia (1. c. p. 218) for this group). A bet- ter means of separation of Pyrgus from Hesperia (Scelothrix) than 122 that given by Dyar, and one that would include both sexes appears to be found in the palpi ; in Pyrgus they are only slightly upturned and the clothing under a strong lense is seen to be rather even and com- posed largely of scales with a few hairs of equal length intermingled ; in Hesperia the palpi are strongly upturned and very heavily and roughly clothed underneath with long hairs, the scales being confined to the lateral basal portion ; syrichtus, philetas, and tessellata are quite typical of Pyrgas and centaurcae of Hesperia. H. xanthus Edw. (PI. X, Fig. 13). In the Edwards' Collection at Pittsburg are four specimens, all from S. Colo. (Morr.), labelled xanthus; 1 $ and 2 ? 's of these belong to a larger species than the remaining one and would seem by the description and measurement given (4/5 in.) to be the true xanthus and presumably the types. The smaller species (PI. X, Fig. 14) is probably Oberthur's macdunnoughi (1914, Et. de Lep. Comp. IX, (2) 86) so that in any case the name xanthus would be automatically restricted to the large forms ; there is no costal fold in the $ 's of mac- dunnoughi but the structure is otherwise identical with that of malvae. We figure our conception of both species which are very closely allied. Heliopetes nivella Mab. We have a specimen of this species from Brownsville, Texas. It is close to tnacaira Reak. but larger and with the dark border of secondaries on under side more broken and containing white spots ; the upper side of secondaries also has black marginal markings. This species is new to our fauna. Genus Thanaos Bdv. Tutt's action (Brit. Butt. I, 85, 260) in sinking Thanaos as a synonym of Nisoniades on the ground that the type species of both is tages L., is incorrect. Stephens' action in 1834 and 1850 in placing tages as sole species under Nisoniades cannot, for the same reasons as we have already stated under Pyrgus, be regarded as a restriction or a fixation of the type. The first definite type fixation that we know of for Nisoniades is by Scudder in 1875 (Hist. Sketch, p. 228) who gives bromius Stoll as type; this action is valid and has been followed by Watson, Godman & Salvin, and Mabille. T. callidus Grinnell. Lacustra Wright is made a synonym of this species by Grinnell (1905, Ent. News, XVI, 339). Dyar (1905, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 123 XIII, 121) places callidus as a small narrowly marked brizo on the strength of a presumable S type sent him by Grinnell, and Skinner (1914, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XL, 202) follows these authors in listing callidus, with lacustra Wright as a synonym, as a variety of briso. A reference to Wright's figure of lacustra (1. c. PL XXXII, Fig. 480) leaves little doubt in our mind that lacustra is properly referred to briso, but after reading Grinnell's description we have considerable doubt in our minds as to whether callidus can be correctly referred here. In the first place the sketch of the $ clasping organs given by Grinnell is vastly different from that given by Dr. Skinner of brizo and secondly there are points in the description of the $ (which must hold the specific name), which almost prohibit an association with brizo; for instance Grinnell says the primaries show 'a small white discal spot and midway between this and outer margin a group of three whitish spots arranged in a diagonal line and close together; a somewhat large white spot in the same plane, half way between costal and inner margin,' all of which cannot possibly fit any form of brizo. The 9 description on the other hand might very readily be made to agree with brizo and we wonder if Grinnell has not confused two species, the $ being a form of brizo and the $ some species related possibly to persius. Specimens distributed later by Grinnell as callidus certainly are brizo forms as a $ in our possession fiom San Jacinto Mts. shows ; this however does not validate the name which must be held to the $ sex. The types should be in the Calif. Acad, of Science Coll. in S. Francisco and an examination by some of our West Coast collectors is much to be desired. T. lilius Dyar. The species was described from Kaslo, B. C. ; Dr. Dyar says (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XIII, 122) that the $ genitalia resemble Scudder's figure of the genitalia of tibullus but lack spines on the middle lobe of the left side piece. Dr. Skinner (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XL, 208) states that the genitalia are like those of pacuvius Lint, which he figures as quite distinct from those of tibullus according to Scudder's figure. Dr. Skinner sinks tibullus to propertius, his figure of the genitalia agree- ing however closer with Scudder's figure of tibullus than that of the same author's figure of propertius. It remains to be seen if Scud- der's figures of the genitalia of tibullus and propertius represent specific differences or merely slight variations of one species and further it will be necessary to decide between Dyar and Skinner regarding the 124 identity of lilius as there seem to be two species involved. For the present we follow Skinner in making tibullus a synonym of properhus. T. pacuvius Lint. Godman & Salvin's figure of the genitalia of this species (Biol. Cent. Am. PL 91, Fig. 17) agrees with that of scudderi Skin, rather than with what Skinner figures as those of pacuvius although Skinner places Godman & Salvin's reference under pacuvius. The type $ should be in the Edwards' Collection at Pittsburg; we wonder if Dr. Skinner has seen it so that we may accept his identification as correct. T. tatius Edw. The single $ type is in the Neumoegen Collection in Brooklyn ; this specimen shows on the underside of the hind wings a partial ter- minal border of white blotches; the type series in the Edwards' Col- lection of clitus, described from the same locality, contains specimens both with and without this white border; otherwise the two forms cannot be separated superficially. We do not know if these white spots will prove of specific value as we have made no study of the genitalia, but it would seem well to restrict the name clitus to the form without these white marks. Tatius is probably closely related to albo- marginatus G. & S. but the spots do not form a continuous band as in the figure in the Biologia (PI. 91, Fig. 20) nor do they extend so far toward the costa. Genus Carterocephalus Led. Dyar's usage of the genus Pamphila for palaemon will not hold, the type of Pamphila, as we show later on, being comma L. Tutt uses the genus Cyclopides Hbn. for this species, based on a supposed restric- tion of Stephens in 1834 and 1850 which we have already criticized; Staudinger's action in 1861 (Cat. 15) would seem to be more of a restriction as he uses it for a single species morpheas (stcropcs) and this is confirmed by Butler in 1870, who definitely names morpheus the type of the genus; Scudder's action in 1875 in naming metis as type is based on a peculiar system of reasoning, the fallacy of which has been shown by Bethune-Baker (Ent. Rec. XXVI, 133). The well known name Carterocephalus Led. may once more be used for this genus, the type being fixed as palaemon in 1867 by Snellen. 125 Adopaea eunus Edw. Edwards in his original description gives Mt. Hood as the type locality for eunus, but Morrison corrects this (Pap. Ill, 43) stating that the specimen came from near Bakersfield, Kern Co., Calif. ; wrighti from the Mohave Desert would seem to be a form with imma- culate secondaries on underside. COPAEODES AURANTIACA Hew. We have seen the type of this species in the British Museum; there is no doubt that the name is correct for the species generally known as procris Edw. Regarding the various synonyms waco Edw. was described in 1868 from a single specimen in the collection of Prof. Townend Glover from Waco, Texas ; Edwards calls it a $ but we imagine that it was one of the immaculate 2 's as no sex mark is mentioned ; we do not know where the type is ; in 1871 Edwards described procris from several $ 's and $ 's also from Waco, Texas ; we have seen the types of this species and they are the same species as aurantiaca. Candida Wright is figured by Wright (Butt. W. Coast, PI. XXX, Fig. 411) although he has hopelessly mixed his sexes in this whole group ; we can see no difference between S. Calif, speci- mens and those from Arizona and Texas. Chaerephon simius Edw. We would remove this from Amblycirtes as the palpi lack the long 3rd joint and the antennal knob shows a close relation to Chaerephon and Pamphila; it may be necessary to erect a new genus for the species as the S stigma is peculiar, but our material is too scanty and worn to warrant our doing so and for the present we place it in Chaerephon. Genus Erynnis Schrank. We cannot agree with Dyar's usage of this generic term fol- lowing Scudder and Godman & Salvin, the former author having erroneously fixed the type as comma L. due to the faulty system of reasoning we have already mentioned. According to Tutt, (Brit. Butt. I, 84) Oken in 1820 fixed the type as alceae Esp. (malvae L.) and this action must hold. Pamphila Fabr., with type comma L. fixed by Westwood in 1840, may be used in place of Erynnis, Scudder's action in 1875 in specifying palaemon as the type of Pamphila being as we have already stated, ultra vires. Tutt claims (Brit. Butt., I, p. 130) 126 that Urbicola Barbut (Linn.) takes precedence over Pamphila Fabr. but we hesitate to use this generic name as there seems some doubt among European authorities as to its validity; we note Tutt's proce- dure, however, and would leave the matter for the present open. With regard to the position of the genus we incline to placing it imme- diately following Clvaerephon G. & S. ; the short point of the antennal knob would point to this association. P. ATT ALUS Edw. According to the type 5 's from Texas in the Edwards' Collec- tion this would appear to be distinct, at least as a race, from seminole Scud. ; in the Texan form the underside of the hind wings is yellow- ish green whilst in the Florida form (seminole) it is dark blackish- brown. The type of maculation is the same but the $ 's of attains seem to have a greater extent of the yellow area on the upper side than is found in seminole; a $ presumably of this species from Black Jack Spgs., Texas before us agrees with Scudder's figure of attains (Butt. N. Eng. Ill, PI. 17, Fig. 12). P. sassacus Harr. This seems better placed in Pamphila, as the shortness of the point of the antennal knob and the shape of the $ stigma distinctly point in this direction ; it is in some things intermediate between the two groups. P. comma L. In view of the fact that Scudder's type specimens of the various varieties described by him in 1874 (Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. Vol. II, No. 4) are from widely divergent localities it would seem well to restrict each form to a single one of these localities. Nevada the first variety described is listed as from South Park, Colo. (Mead) and also California, Nevada and Oregon ; the $ 's figured are all from Colo- rado (Mead) and the figure of the genitalia is also taken from a Colorado specimen ; we would therefore restrict the type locality to S. Park, Colo, and Fig. 1 of PL X (Colo., June 12th, Mead) may be taken as that of the type, which on a recent visit to Cambridge we were able to pick out of Scudder's material. Colorado was described from specimens from Georgetown and S. Park, Colo. (Mead) and Arizona (Wheeler) ; the figured specimens and the specimen serving for the slide of the sexual organs are all from Colorado so we may regard Fig. 18 (Colo. July 13, Mead) as that of 127 the type which is in Cambridge ; the forms possibly show intergrades but may, to judge from the material before us, represent high and low altitude forms of one race, typical Colorado apparently not being found much below 9000 feet. Manitoba Scud, was described from specimens from Colo. (Mead) ; Pike's Peak, Colo. (Edwards) ; Lake Winnipeg (Scudder and Kennicott) ; Lahache, No. B. C. (Crotch) and Riviere de Loup, Que. (Couper) ; both the $ 's figured, as well as the one serving for the drawing of the genitalia, are from Lahache, B. C. so we see noth- ing for it but to make this the type locality in spite of the name which is unfortunately chosen; Fig. 11 will be that of the type, which we have found and labelled in the Scudder Collection at Cambridge. We cannot separate laiirentina Lym. from this form; both show the same dark brownish-green underside in the $ 's and we believe that both names apply to a race extending over the entire northern portion of the continent ; the 9 's are considerably greener beneath than the $ 's. Idaho Edw., described from Oregon, Washington, and California is a form with paler, yellowish green underside of secondaries, on which the white markings stand out very distinctly ; we would restrict the type to the $ from East Calif, in the Edwards' Collection. Assiniboia Lyman is a closely related form, but the spots on the underside of secondaries are suffused with the yellow ground color and rendered quite indistinct ; they are also smaller. Oregonia Edw. we would restrict to the four specimens (2 $ 2 ) from N. Calif, in the Edwards' Collection ; they have a distinct pur- plish tinge to the ground color on the underside of hind wings with rather indistinct spots ; we have not seen anything just like them. After an examination of the types of c obelus Edw. and harpalns Edw. in Pittsburgh we should not be surprised if both these so-called species prove to be forms of comma; harpalus approaches close to assiniboia Lym. whilst cabelus appears, to be a form in which the spots on the underside of secondaries are reduced to mere points ; we only offer this as a suggestion at present as we have no material from the type locality (Nevada) which matches these types. Manitoboidcs Fletch has been separated from comma by Dr. Dyar ; we have one of the 9 Cotypes, a very poor specimen, before us and think this action is correct. The species seems close to metea of which it may possibly prove to be a race, yellower in maculation than the typical one. The larvae of both these species, in contradistinction to 128 comma, hatch about 10 days after egg laying, whereas comma eggs hibernate and hatch the following spring; this fact in itself would be sufficient to warrant a separation of manitoboides from comma. P. Columbia Scud. This species was shortly described in Scudder's Syst. Rev. p. 77, attention being called to the difference in the $ sexual organs ; the $ type from California, which is in Cambridge, is figured in Scudder's paper in Mem. Bost. Soc. N. Hist. (1874, Vol. II, No. 4) as sylra- noides Bdv. (PI. 10, Fig. 22) and the genitalia are also figured (PI. 11, Figs. 15, 17). The species is quite distinct from sylvanoides and we think also from comma and its varieties judging by the genitalia. Wright has called it California, figuring it on Plate XXXI, Fig. 423, his underside specimen having the markings rather more reduced than usual; as Columbia he figures (Fig. 426) what is probably sonora Scud, and apparently not distinct from his Fig. 425. Dyar has also redescribed the species as erynnioides (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XV, 50) ; both Dyar and Scudder note the presence of a blackish patch below the stigma; this and the very straight oblique row of white spots on underside of secondaries with only a single spot in cell 6 and none in cell 7, separate it readily from comma; the dentate inner edge of the marginal border on secondaries is also a point of distinction. Scud- der's 9 sylvanoides (PI. 10, Fig. 21) is probably not correctly re- ferred; the band of spots on secondaries is differently shaped to that of the male and a pale spot near the base of the cubital branches is shown which is not present in the true 9 's which further agree exactly with the $ 's on the under side. W. H. Edwards (Can. Ent. XV, 148) discusses the species at length and also considers it a good species ; he without a description, for comma Bdv. {nee Linn.) ; the species was described from a $ from California (Hy. Edwards) this specimen can, at best, be only typical. P. juba Scud. The name was first used in 1872 in the Systematic Revision, without a description, for comma Bdv. {nee Linn) ; the species was described and figured in Scudder's paper in 1874 in Mem. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., II (4), p. 349, PI. X, Figs. 19, 20 and is stated to occur in California and the vicinity of Salt Lake City, Utah; the specimens figured are from Utah so this must be regarded as the type locality. We have specimens from various localities in the Sierra Nevada Mts., 129 Calif., which exactly agree with Scudder's figures, as well as a $ labelled Utah (Bruce). The species has generally been considered distinct from comma and we think correctly so ; it is most readily dis- tinguished by its larger size and strongly dentate inner margin to the dark outer border of primaries, this color being sharply defined from the bright orange color of the remainder of the wing which projects along the veins into the black border, at times almost to the outer margin ; the $ stigma, as noted by Dyar, seems to be generally longer and often narrower, due to the absence of black scales along its outer edge, but this is not so noticeable in typical juba as in what we con- sider a variety of this species from Arizona, Texas, and Colorado, and which is possibly the viridis of W. H. Edwards. Viridis was described from a single $ received from Prof. Snow from Las Vegas, N. M., 1882 and the type is not in the Edwards' Collection ; the de- scription (C. Ent. XV, 147) is poor and states that the "upper side is darker — more fuscous and less fulvous — and secondaries beneath and apical area of primaries are densely dusted with golden-green ; the spots white and somewhat smaller than in the type." Through the kindness of Prof. S. Hunter of Lawrence, Kan., we have seen a specimen from the Snow Collection labelled 'juba, Hot Spgs., N. M., July 82' which was probably one of the type lot of viridis if not the. actual type. The underside of secondaries is a golden-green with large, white, more or less coalescent spots which show a tendency to curve downward and run parallel to the outer margin ; the species seems common in Colorado, New Mex., Ariz, and W. Texas. Genus Ochlodes Scud. The genus is closely allied to Pamphila, but the pointed end of the antennal knob is longer and slightly hooked and the $ stigma is not so oblique, crossing the vein Cu2 considerably further from its base than in Pamphila. The species included in the genus are all Western and have been considerably confused owing to poor descriptions; now that we have M. Oberthur's excellent figures of Boisduval's types (1913, Etud. Lep. Comp. IX, (1) PL 211) we are at length able to correctly place the species. Sylvanoides Bdv. according to the $ sex, has usually been called agricola Bdv. ; Boisduval's 9 sylvanoides looks more like a small ? campestris so the name must be held to the $ . Wright figures the species as pratincola (1. c. PI. 31, Fig. 433) and his first figures of nemorum (Fig. 430) and milo (Fig. 432) are appar- ently the same species. Napa Edw, from Colorado is only a local race 130 scarcely to be separated, as already mentioned by Dr. Dyar. Agricola Bdv. is yreka Edw. and has often been called nemornm Bdv. ; it may be distinguished by the rather hyaline spots along the outer margin of the stigma and the broad black border ; Wright figures it correctly (1. c. Fig. 431b) and we think Fig. 430b is probably this species also; the underside of secondaries is almost immaculate deep orange yel- low in the $ 's but the 2 's usually show the pale yellow band of spots ; milo Edw., judging by the original description must be very closely related to agricola. Nemornm Bdv. is also very close to agricola and may merely be a local form; it is paler and the hyaline spots are scarcely to be traced, being merged in the yellow ground color ; the underside is also much paler ; verns Edw. is a synonym ; the species is apparently figured by Wright as agricola (Fig. 431) and possibly also under milo (Fig. 432b) this latter figure approaching pratlncola Bdv. which is we think only a form of nemornm rather more suffused with orange than usual ; the 2 pratincola, as figured by M. Oberthur, is seemingly better referable to sylvanoides than to nemornm but as in the afore mentioned case the $ will hold the name. Snotvi Edw. placed doubtfully by Dyar in this genus seems rather out of place with the remainder of the group, as the point of the antennal knob is quite long and at least equal to the width of the same; it would seem to be closely related to verna Edw., which Dyar places in the genus Enphyes along with vcstris Bdv. but which must be removed from here as the mid-tibiae are strongly spined and in metacomet, the type of the genus, we find unspined tibiae. For the present both snozvi and verna may be placed in Atrytonopsis G. & S. as they do not actually contradict the definition of this genus although it is quite possible they may form a new generic unit. Genus Thymelicus Hbn. This genus as characterized by Dyar (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XIII. 127) cannot stand ; it is based on the false selection of vibex Hbn. as the type species by Scudder in his Hist. Sketch 1875. The type was specified in 1870 by Butler as actaeon Rott. but Scudder overrules this action by a peculiar process of reasoning, claiming that actaeon falls in the genus Adopaea Billb., of which thaumas had been made the type in 1820, and with which actaeon was congeneric. Butler's action is however perfectly valid and Scudder's proper procedure would have been to have sunk Adopaea to Thymelicus if the two types actually 131 proved congeneric; Bethune-Baker has already ably criticised this failing of Scudder's in his otherwise excellent sketch (Ent. Rec. XXVI, p. 133, 1914). Instead of the generic name Thymelicus as used by Dyar, we have available Hedonc Scud, (type, brettus Bdv. & Lee), Limochores Scud, (type, manataaqua Scud.) or Pyrrhosidia Scud, (type, mystic Scud.). For the present however we think it advisable to place all these species in the genus Polites Scud, (type, peckius Kirb.) which is separated by Mabille and Dyar on the strength of vein 3 of primar- ies being further from the apex of cell ; we doubt the value of the position of this vein as a good generic character; it seems variable and needs further careful study; peckius in other respects seems but a further modification of mystic. Polites dacotah Edw. An examination of the type $ of this species labelled 'napa = dacotah, type, Colo.' in the Edwards' Collection shows that the species has been wrongly sunk as a synonym of napa Edw. Dacotah is in reality the western form of mystic which has been recently described by Skinner as pallida; the original description of dacotah appears to bear out this reference as it mentions the 'pale fuscous hind margins of equal breadth' not dentate as in napa, and makes no mention of the black marginal shading on the underside of primaries above anal angle, usually quite distinct in napa but wanting in this form of mys- tic. The black scaling beyond the stigma is not mentioned, it is true, but the stigma is characterized as broad and Edwards might easily have regarded this scaling as part of the stigma itself. We see no grounds therefore to doubt that the specimen so labelled in the Ed- wards' Collection is the true type. P. sonora Scud. For the species heretofore known as sylvanoides Bdv. we must now use the name sonora Scud., the type coming from the Sierra Nevada Mts. (Hy. Edwards). Siris Edw., described from Puget Sound, Wash, (the original description gives Mt. Hood as type local- ity, but Morrison later (Pap. Ill 43) corrects this) we consider a synonym. The Rocky Mt. form with white spots on the underside of secondaries has been named utahensis by Skinner. Wright figures the species as sylvanoides (1. c. PI. 31, Fig. 425). 132 Catia otho A. & S. Godman & Salvin use the name drnryi Latr. for this species, but we see no adequate reason why the older name otho should not re- main; the $ figured by Abbot (PI. 16) is easily recognizable by the peculiar sex mark ; unfortunately Smith in the text restricts the name to the specimen figured in the upper right hand corner in case the two figures prove to be those of distinct species; this figure represents a 2 and leaves a certain element of doubt as to its identity ; however, allowing a slight margin for inaccuracies in delineation, we do not see that it actually contradicts our usual conception of 2 otho; it is rather yellower than usual and the yellow spots at veins 5 and 6 pro- ject beyond the costal band of spots more than we have ever seen, otherwise it agrees quite well with specimens before us from Texas, and until more definite proof can be offered we think it well to accept the figures as being the $ and 2 of one species; the amount of yel- low is in any case variable and southern specimens frequently show considerably more of this color than northern ones; the matter of the spots could be put down to an inaccuracy of the artist. In any case it is doubtful if Latreille's name can be used at all as it was originally spelt Hesperia drury which is certainly not Latin or even a latiniza- tion of a foreign name. Genus Anatrytone Dyar. As Dr. Skinner has pointed out (Ent. News, 1900, p. 317) Dyar in his revision has included the type of Scudder's genus A try tone in his new genus Anatrytone. As far as we can judge the types of the two genera, viz. arogos Bdv. & Lee. (iozva Scud.) and delazvare Edw. are conspecific, both lacking the spines on the mid tibiae; Anatrytone will therefore sink into the synonymy. The species at present placed by Dyar in the genus Atrytone we would place, rather than create a new genus, in Poanes Scud, along with massasoit, with which they seem to possess considerable affinity. A. DELAWARE Edw. This name must be superceded by logan Edw. which has page priority and will hold the name even though based on a 2 specimen. We follow Godman & Salvin in keeping the species separate from vitellius Fabr. which probably does not occur in our faunal region. 133 A. byssus Edw. The species is placed in Limochores by Dyar, a genus, according to his conception, with stigma in the $ sex, and in the key to the species the form of this stigma is used in separating byssus from other species. The true byssus however has no stigma as a reference to the original description readily shows and falls apparently into the genus Atrytone Scud., the $ 's showing great similarity to the ? 's of logan Edw. In the Edwards' Collection the $ 's of arpa Bdv. & Lee. are mixed with byssus which may have led to Dyar's misidentification. Genus Limochores Scud. Dyar diagnoses the genus (which he misspells Limochroes) as possessing a stigma in the $ sex, having the point of the antennal club long, and lacking spines on the mid tibiae ; these two latter char- acteristics are directly contradicted by the type of the genus, man- ataaqua Scud, as fixed by Scudder in 1872. Manataaqua has distinctly spined mid tibiae and a short point to the antennal club and, as pointed out by Dr. Skinner (Ent. News, 1905, 317), is very closely related to ccrnes Bdv. & Lee. The remainder of the species included in this genus by Dr. Dyar (except byssus and ychl) appear to agree with the diagnosis; they form a group related to the genus Atrytone Scud, but differing in possessing a stigma in the $ sex ; for the pres- ent we would include these along with vestris in the genus Euphyes Scud, as the position of vein 3 on primaries, which is used by Dyar as a means of separating Euphyes and Limochores, needs further study to prove its validity for generic purposes. Euphyes conspicua Edw. This name has page priority over pontiac Edw. ; although origin- ally applied to the 9 sex only, the name conspicua must be used for the species and replaces pontiac, which was the name given to the $ sex. Genus Paratrytone Dyar. This genus cannot stand, being preoccupied by Godman & Sal- vin (1900, Biol. Cent. Am. Rhop. Vol. II, p. 487) for two new Mex- ican species of Hesperiidae, viz. rhexenor and polyclea, the former being designated as type. We do not know these species, but God- man & Salvin's characterization of the genus does not contradict that of Dyar; for the present, therefore we think it wise to follow Dyar's 134 use of the genus, but credit it to Godman & Salvin. The genus con- tains those species with stigma in $ and long point to antennal club as in Euphyes Scud, but differing in having spined mid-tibiae. Dyar includes scudderi Skin., howardi Skin, and aaroni Skin, in this genus. Removing scudderi from the group along with howardi and aaroni we would associate yehl Skinner, which has also spined mid-tibiae. Scudderi we would associate with snozvi Edw. and place both for the present in the genus Atrytonopsis G. & S. ; we imagine that yuma Edw. will take priority over scudderi; the type is apparently lost, but the description certainly fits this species excellently. Calpodes coscinia H. S. Godman & Salvin place this species, as a doubtful synonym of ares Feld., in the genus Prenes and are followed in this course by Dyar. Our specimens from Brownsville, Tex., which agree well with the figure in the Biologia, show spined mid tibiae and would appear better referred to Calpodes. Herrich-Schaefer in his description of coscinia also mentions the spined mid-tibiae ; possibly two species are involved and the unspined form is the true ares Feld. For the pres- ent we think it would be wise to retain the name coscinia H. S. in our lists. Atrytonopsis marginata Skin. On examining the type we found that this species could scarcely be separated from python Edw. (figured by Wright Fig. 479) and Dr. Skinner concurred with us in this opinion ; for the present the name may be left and applied to the New Mexican form which may prove distinct enough when long series have been compared to warrant a racial name. A. cestus Edw. The single $ type of this species is in the Neumoegen Coll. and we were surprised to find that the species passing under this name was not the true cestus at all; cestus is closely related to python but larger, the spot in cell 2 of the primaries being very large and triangu- lar; the underside of the secondaries is marbled with purplish and the spots are semihyaline ; the species is apparently rare as we only know it from the single type specimen. 135 A. edwardsi n. sp. (PI. VIII, Figs. 9, 10). For the species passing under the name of ccstus we apparently need a name and we would propose calling it edwardsi. The color of the upperside is deep black brown, primaries sprinkled with yellow scales basally and along the costa and secondaries clothed in basal half with long yellowish hairs and also dusted with yellow ; primaries with a large hyaline white quadrate spot in the cell, somewhat con- tracted in the middle; three small spots below the costa near apex, arranged in an oblique row ; three similar spots beyond the stigma parallel to outer margin, the lowest is small and triangular, the mid- dle one very large and quadrate, the upper one smaller and quadrate or round ; stigma faint, narrow, black, extending obliquely from the base of vein 3 to vein 1 ; fringes white, slightly checkered. Second- aries with a small white spot in the cell and a slightly bent submarginal row of three white spots, the upper one largest and apparently com- posed of two confluent spots. Beneath, primaries as above, shaded apically with blue-gray scaling, the lowest spot of the outer row al- most obscured by a whitish cloud, the others as distinct as on the upper side; secondaries heavily suffused with blue gray, almost uni- colorous, with a curved basal row of three whitish spots and a com- plete outer row, parallel to the outer margin of which the spots cor- responding to those of the upper side are largest. Expanse 30-35 mm. 5 similar to $ but rather larger. Type $ Redington, Ariz. Coll. Barnes. Paratypes, 3 S S. Ariz. (Poling). Type 9 Babaquivera Mts., Ariz. Paratypes, 2 9 S. Arizona (Poling) ; Babaquivera Mts., Ariz. This species is figured by Wright as ccstus (1. c. PI. XXXII, Fig. 482). A. LOAM mi Whit. This species is placed by Dyar in the genus Lcrodea Scud, char- acterized by lack of stigma in $ ; as the $ 's show a narrow, distinct but rather broken stigma we should be inclined to place the species in Atrytonopsis G. & S. along with hianna Scud. A. osyka Edw. This species has evidently been confused with fitsca G. & R. by Dyar. It was described (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. I, 288) from 1 $ 2 9 from the vicinity of New Orleans. These three specimens are pres- 136 ent in the Edwards' Collection labelled 'Louisiana' ; the $ is a very worn specimen and is without doubt referable to vestris Bdv. the head showing distinct yellow hairs and the stigma being similar ; the 9 's belong to other species, one being eitfala Edw. and the other possibly a worn brcttus. We would hold the name to the $ type, osyka thus becoming a synonym of vestris Bdv. Megistias fusca G. & R. Godman & Salvin state (Biologia Vol. II, p. 571) that this species falls into the genus Megistias G. & S. Florida specimens are gener- ally quite immaculate but Texas ones show a tendency to faint post- discal spots on primaries, especially in the 2 . Lerodea arabus Edw. Arabus is placed by Dyar in the genus Stomyles which has a double stigma; our $ specimen shows no trace of a stigma and we would place it in Lerodea along with eufala Edw. Judging by the figure (Biol. Cent. Am. Ill, PI. 95, Figs. 19/20) dysaules G. & S., if not the same species, is extremely close to arabus. Genus Amblycirtes Scud. Godman & Salvin and Dyar separate the genus Stomyles Scud, from Amblycirtes on the strength of the shape of the male stigma ; in Stomyles it is said to be divided, one portion extending along the cubital vein between Cnx and Cu2 and forming an acute angle with the other portion extending along Cu2 (vein 2) from the base out- wards ; in Amblycirtes the stigma is said to be undivided. As a mat- ter of fact the stigma in vialis, the type of Amblycirtes, shows distinct scaling along the basal portion of vein Cu2 but as the angle formed with the cubital vein is more or less filled with modified scales this is not so apparent as in textor, the type of Stomyles, where the angle is left open and the scaling extends further along the vein; the type of stigma is on the whole essentially the same and as there is no other apparent structural difference we would hardly advocate retaining both genera, especially as Godman & Salvin note that the $ sexual organs are of the same type in both groups. If any species should be separated off it is nanno Edw., which has shorter 3rd joint of palpi and a distinct undivided stigma extending below vein Cu2 but as the type of maculation is very similar to that of the other members of the group we prefer to retain it here for the present ; oslari Skin, and 137 simius Edw. must be placed elsewhere for reasons already stated, the remaining species forming a rather compact group, readily distin- guished superficially by the checkered fringes. A. celia Skin. According to a specimen in the Edwards' Collection from Texas labelled eos Edw. celia will become a synonym of eos; the description of eos, however, reads rather like that of mcridionalis Dyar and it will be necessary to examine the type of eos, which should be at Cam- bridge, to determine the exact identity of the species. A. quinquemacula Skin. This proves, on an examination of the type, to be a worn speci- men of Amblycirtes comus Edw. ; the fringes being missing, the species at first sight presents a somewhat different appearance. Mastor oslari Skin. Dyar includes this species in Amblycirtes Scud, but from the shape of the sex mark and the short 3rd joint of the palpi it would seem for the present best referred to Mastor. Superficially it differs from the Amblycirtes and Stomyles species in lacking the checkered fringes which appear to be quite characteristic and point to a cor- relation of structure and pattern so often noted in the Diurnals. 138 PLATE IV Fig. 1. Papilio americus Koll. 2 Palmerlee, Ariz. Fig. 2. Papilio aliaska Scud. 8 Rampart House, Alaska. Fig. 3. Papilio glaucus canadensis R. & J. $ Chatanika, Alaska. Fig. 4. Papilio glaucus canadensis R. & J. $ , underside. Plate IV 140 PLATE V Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Parnassius smintheus hermodur Hy. Edw. $ Silverton, Colo. Parnassius smintheus hermodur Hy. Edzv. $ Silverton, Colo. Parnassius smintheus hermodur Hy. Edw. 9 Silverton, Colo. P. smintheus hermodur ab. nigerrima Verity 9 Silverton, Colo. Parnassius smintheus sayi Edw. $ Provo, Utah. Parnassius smintheus sayi Edw. $ Provo, Utah. Eurymus christina form gigantea Stkr. $ Chatanika, Alaska. Eurymus christina form gigantea Stkr. 9 Chatanika, Alaska. Eurymus christina form gigantea Stkr. $ , underside. Plate V *k v ,"& i \ / 142 PLATE VI Fig. 1. Pieris napi pseudonapi B. Fig. 2. Pieris napi pseudonapi B. Fig. 3. Pieris napi pseudonapi B. Fig. 4. Pieris napi pallidissima B. Fig. 5. Pieris napi pallidissima B. Fig. 6. Pieris napi arctica Verity. Fig. 7. Pieris napi arctica Verity. Fig. 8. Pieris napi hulda Edw. Fig. 9. Pieris napi hulda Edw. Fig. 10. Pieris napi pallidissima B. & McD. & McD. & McD. & McD. & McD. $ 5 Type, $ Type, $ Paratype, Type, $ Type, $ Chatanika, Alaska Chatanika, Alaska Silverton, Colo. Silverton, Colo. ? Silverton, Colo. Provo, Utah. Provo, Utah. $ Pribilof Is., Alaska. $ , underside Pribilof Is. & McD. $ , underside Alaska. Provo, Utah. Plate YI 144 PLATE VII Fig. 1. Pieris napi frigida Said. $ Fig. 2. Pieris napi frigida Scud. 9 Fig. 3. Eurymus eurytheme kootenai Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Newfoundland. Newfoundland. Cockle S Okanagan Falls, B. C (May 9). 9 Okanagan Falls, B. C. (May 20). S, underside Atlin. B. C. (Aug.). Eurymus pelidne labradorensis Said. $ Hopedale, Labr. Eurymus pelidne minisni Bean 8 Laggan, Alta. Eurymus pelidne skinneri Barnes Type, $ Yellowstone Pk., Wyo. Eurymus occidentalis barbara Hy. Edw. $ Santa Rosa, Calif. Fig. 4. Eurymus eurytheme kootenai Cockle Fig. 5. Eurymus eurytheme kootenai Cockle Plate VII 146 PLATE VIII Fig. 1. Cercyonis silvestris Edw. $ Marin Co., Calif. Fig. 2. Cercyonis silvestris Edw. 2 Marin Co., Calif. Fig. 3. Cercyonis silvestris Edw. $ , underside. Fig. 4. Cercyonis silvestris paulus Edw. $ Tulare Co., Calif. Fig. 5. Cercyonis oetus Bdv. $ Nevada Co., Calif. Fig. 6. Cercyonis oetus Bdv. 2 Nevada Co., Calif. Fig. 7. Cercyonis oetus Bdv. S , underside. Fig. 8. Libythea carinenta ab. larvata Stkr. 2 San Benito, Texas. Fig. 9. Atrytonopsis edwardsi B. & McD. Paratype, $ S. Arizona. Fig. 10. Atrytonopsis edwardsi B. & McD. Paratype, 2 S. Arizona. Plate VIII 'V- 1*f ■ 3 O © o O I. % W •" l <= 7* p. y-^ 148 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. PLATE IX Argynnis nausieaa Edw. $ Senator, Ariz. Argynnis aphrodite Columbia Hy. Edw. $ Nepigon, Ont. Argynnis chitone Edw. $ S. Utah. Argynnis chitone Edw. $ , underside. Junonia coenia Hbn. 9 Long Is., N. Y. Junonia genoveva Cram. 2 Miami, Fla. Basilarchia arthemis rubrofasciata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Cart- wright, Man. Plate IX 150 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. PLATE X Argynnis montivaga Behr. $ Truckee, Calif. Argynnis mormonia Bdv. S Mineral King, Calif. Euphydryas rubicunda Hy. Edw. $ Calif. Melitaea minuta Edw. 5, underside Kerrville, Texas. Melitaea thekla Edw. $, underside Redington, Ariz. Melitaea bolli Edw. $ , underside San Benito, Texas. Melitaea minuta Edw. $ Kerrville, Texas. Melitaea nubigena Behr $ Tuolumne Meadows, Calif. Melitaea nubigena Behr $, underside. Melitaea nubigena Behr $ Tuolumne Meadows, Calif. Melitaea callina Bdv. $ Kerrville, Texas. Strymon auretorum spadix Hy. Edw. $, underside Loma Linda, Calif. Hesperia xanthus Edw. $ Silverton, Colo. Hesperia macdunnoughi Oberth. S Redington, Ariz. Plate X 152 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. PLATE XI Philotes enoptes Bdv. $ Mineral King, Calif. Philotes glaucon Edzv. $ Eureka, Utah. Philotes rita B. & McD. Paratype, $ S. Arizona. Philotes enoptes Bdv. $, underside Mineral King, Calif. Philotes glaucon Edw. $ , underside Eureka, Utah. Philotes rita B. &McD. Paratype, $ , underside S. Arizona. Philotes battoides Behr $ Mineral King, Calif. Philotes battoides Behr 9 Mineral King, Calif. Philotes battoides bernardino B. & McD. Type, $ Camp Baldy, Calif. Philotes battoides Behr $ , underside Mineral King, Calif. Philotes battoides bernardino B. & McD. $ , underside Camp Baldy, Calif. Plebeius melissa lotis Lint. $ Tehachapi, Calif. Philotes battoides bernardino B. & McD. Type, $ Camp Baldy, Calif. Plebeius pheres Bdv. $ San Francisco, Calif. Plebeius pheres Bdv. 9 San Francisco, Calif. Plebeius icarioides ardea Edzv. $ , underside Pyramid Lake, Nev. Lycaena pardalis Behr ?, underside Sonoma Co., Calif. Glaucopsyche xerces Bdv. $ ab. San Francisco, Calif. Mitoura xami Reak. $ San Benito, Texas. Mitoura xami Reak. $ , underside San Benito, Texas. Mitoura siva Edw. $ , underside Redington, Ariz. Plate XI fo*v) c< * 3 " f?.->* IT * . »■ Jr < • .*. 6 ( i* ) ii i If T '^ /.a /x /5~ 4>r /(c f^j^f « /? INDEX Page acadica Edzv 58 adjutrix Scud 98 aehaja Behr 112 agricola Bdv 130 albofasciata Newc 101 aliaska Scud 54 altaurus Dyar 57 Amblycirtes Scud 136 americus Koll 53 ampelos Edw 71 amphidusa Bdv 64 Anatrytone Dyar 132 anicia Dbldy 91 anna Edzv Ill annetta Mead Ill antiacis Bdv 118 antibubastus Hbn 108 arabus Edw 136 arachne Edw 92 archippus Fabr 69 arctica Verity 57 arcticus Skin 53 ardea Edw 114 ares Feld 134 arge Stkr 81 ariadne Edw 64 arpa Bdv. & Lee 133 arthemis Dm 101 assiniboia Lym 127 astenidas Bdv. 108 aster Edw 110 astragalus Wgt 108 atossa Edw 79 Atrytone Scud 132 attalus Edw 126 aurantiaca Hew 125 auretorum Bdv 104 ausonides Bdv 61 australis Edw 103 autumnalis Ckll 65 baldur Hy. Edw 56 barbara Hy. Edw 66 Page barnesi Skin 97 baroni Edw 87 battoides Behr 116 beani Skin 90 behri Edw 118 bernardino B. & McD 116 blakei Mayn 68 blenina Hew 105 bolli Edzv 93 borealis Grt 58 bremneri Edw 75 brenda Reak 72 burrisoni Mayn 102 byssus Edw 133 cabelus Edw 127 calanus Hbn 104 California West & Hew 70 California Wgt. (Chlosyne) 99 California Wgt. (Pamphila) 128 callidus Grin 122 callina Bdv 92 camillus Edw 95 campestris Behr 95 canadensis R. & J 53 Candida Wgt 125 capella Barnes 91 carinenta Cram 102 Carterocephalus Led 124 castalis Edw 106 celia Skin 137 ceres Butl 70 cestus Edw 134 chalcedona Dbldy 85 charon Edw 72 chitone Edw 75 chrysoptera Wgt 99 Cinclidia Hbn 83 claudianus Stich 57 clitus Edw 124 clodius Men 56 collina Behr. 96 colonia Wgt 90 Page coloradensis Hy. Edw 61 Colorado Scud 126 Columbia Hy. Edw 74 Columbia Scud 128 comma L 126 comyntas Godt 109 conspicua Edw 133 cooperi Behr 87 cornelia Edw 75 coronis Behr 80 coscinia H. S 134 creusa Dbldy. & Hew 59 crocale Edw 98 cruciferarum Bdv 58 Cyclopides Hbn 124 cythera Edw 103 dacotah Edw 131 daedalus Behr 114 delaware Edw 132 discoidalis Skin 106 drury Latr 132 duryi Edw 103 dwinelli Hy. Edw 86 dysaules G. & S 136 edwardsi B. & McD 135 egleis Bdv 82 electa Edw 75 elsa Beut 60 emissa Edw 95 enoptes Bdv 117 eos Edw 137 epula Bdv 96 erinna Edw 81 eriphyle Edw 65 erymus Bdv 119 eryngii Hy. Edw 70 erynnioides Dyar. 128 Erynnis Schr 125 eubule L 62 Eudamus Swain 120 eunus Edw 125 Euphydryas Scud 84 Euphyes Scud 133 eurytheme Bdv 64 evius Bdv 113 exilis Bdv 107 fantasia Butl 63 filenus Poey 108 florencia Grin 108 Page floridensis Morr. 107 florus Edw 106 f rigida Scud 58 iutta Edw 113 fusca G. & R 136 galactinus Bdv 70 gallatinus Stich 57 genoveva Cram 101 gigantea Stkr 68 glaucon Edw 117 glaucus L 53 Goniurus Hbn 120 gorgone Hbn 93 gundlachia Poey 68 gyas Edw 108 hageni Edw 65 halcyone Edw 78 hamo Luc 108 hanno Stoll 107 harfordi Hy. Edw 66 harpalus Edw 127 Hedone Scud 131 Heliopetes Billb 120 helios Edw 114 hermodur Hy. Ediv 55 herri Grin 109 Hesperia Fabr 120 Hilda Grin 112 hippolyta Edw 76 hulda Edw 58 hyantis Edw 60 hydaspe Bdv 77 icarioides Bdv 113 idaho Edw 127 inorata Grt 104 inornata Edw. (Argynnis) 80 inornata Edw. (Coenonympha) . . 71 irene Bdv 78 ismeria Bdv 93 isophthalma H. S 107 juba Bdv 80 juba Scud 128 keewaydin Edw 64 kodiak Edw Ill kootenai Cockle 66 labradorensis Scud 67 lacinia Gey 98 lacustra Wgt 122 lanice Lint 63 Page larvata Stkr 102 laura Edw 80 laurentina Lym 127 laurina Wgt 80 liliana Hy. Edw 81 lilius Dyar 123 Limnaecia Scud 83 Limochores Scud 131, 133 loammi Whit 135 logan Edw 132 lorata G. & R 104 lorquini Bdv 102 lotis Lint Ill lotta Beut 61 lycea Edw 114 lyside Godt 63 macaria Edw 80 macdunnoughi Oberth 122 macglashani Rivers 86 magnus Wgt 56 manataaqua Scud 133 manitoba Scud 127 manitoboides Fletch 127 marcia Edw 94 marginalis Scud 58 marginata Skin 134 maricopa Reak 113 marsyas Edw 99 mata Reak 97 mejicanus Reak 103 melissa Edw 110 Melitaea Fabr 83 Mellicta Billb 83 mendica Stick 55 meridionalis Dyar 137 mertila Edw 118 milo Edw 130 minisni Bean 67 minnehaha Scud 116 minor Verity 55 mintha Edw 1 14 minuta Edw 92 Mitoura Scud 105 montana Verity 61 monticola Behr. 76 montivaga Behr 82 mormonia Bdv 81 morpheus Fabr 94 mylitta Edw 96 Page nanus Edw 136 napa Edw 129 napi L 59 nausicaa Edw 74 neglecta Edw 119 neglecta-major Tutt 120 nelsoni Edw 59 nemesis Edw 103 nemorum Bdv 130 nevada Scud 126 Nisoniades Hbn 122 nitocris Edw 74 nivella Mab 122 nubigena Behr 89 Ochlodes Scud 129 ochracea Edw 72 oetus Bdv 72 okius Oberth 74 oleracea Harr 58 orcus Edw 115 oreas Edw 100 oregonia Edw 127 orientalides Verity 60 orseis Edw 95 oslari Skin 137 osyka Edw 135 otho A. & S 132 oweni Ediv 82 pacuvius Lint 124 palla Bdv 91 pallida Edw 96 pallida Scud 58 pallida Skin 131 pallidissima B. & McD 59 Pamphila Fabr 125 Paratrytone G. & S 133 pardalis Behr 119 pascoensis Wgt 94 paulus Edw 73 pelidne Bdv 67 pelidneides Staud 68 pembina Edw 114 perdiceas Edw 87 phaon Edw 94 pheres Bdv 115 phileros Bdv 1 13 phocus Edw 72 plexippus L , 69 podarce Feld 112 Page pola Bdv 92 Polites Scud 131 polyphemus Bdv 118 pontiac Edw 133 pratensis Behr 95 pratincola Bdv 130 procris Edw 125 pseudargiolus Bdv 119 pseudoausonides Verity 60 pseudobryoniae Verity 58 pseudocorybas Verity 56 pseudonapi B. & McD 57 pseudoptiletes Bdv 108 pulla Hy. Edw 70 purpurascens Hy. Edw 78 Pyrgus Hbn 120 Pyrrosidia Scud 131 python Edw 134 quinquemacula Skin 137 quino Behr 88 rapahoe Rcak 114 rita B. & McD 117 rubicunda Hy. Edw 88 rubrofasciata B. & McD 102 rufescens Bdv 112 rupestris Behr 79 msticus Edw 100 saepiolus Bdv. Ill sassacus Harr 126 satyrus Edw 99 sayi Edw 55 Scelothrix Ramb 120 Schoenis Hbn 83 scudderi Edw 110 scudderi Skin 134 seminole Scud 126 sennae L 62 shasta Edw 116 sierra Wgt 89 silenus Edw 100 silvestris Edw 73 silvius Edw 99 simius Edw 125 siris Edzv 131 sissona Wgt 110 siva Edw 106 Page skinneri Barnes 67 smintheus Dbldy. & Hezv 54 snowi Edw 130 snyderi Skin 79 sonora Scud 131 sordida Wgt 76 spadix Hy. Edw 104 Stella Edw 62 Stomyles Scud 136 striata Edw 107 sylvanoides Bdv 129 tacita Hy. Edw , 104 tatius Edzv 124 terissa Luc 63 tetra Behr 105 texana Edw 97 Thanaos Bdv 122 tharos Dru 94 thekla Edw 93 Thessalia Scud 84 Thymelicus Hbn 130 tibullus Scud 123 ulrica Edzv 92 unicolor G. & S 63 Urbicola Barb 126 utahensis Skin 131 verna Edw 130 verus Edw 130 vesta Edw 94 violacea Edw 119 virgulti Behr 103 viridis Edw 129 waco Edzv 125 wheeled Hy. Edw 91 whitneyi Behr 91 wrighti Edzv 125 xami Reak 105 xanthophila Rob 63 xanthus Edw 122 xerces Bdv 117 yamana Reak 62 yreka Edw 130 yuma Edw 134 zachaeina But I. & Dru 109 zerene Bdv 76 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA VOL. Ill No. 3 SYNONYMIC NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN HETEROCERA BY WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D. AND J. H. McDUNNOUGH, Ph. D. DECATUR, ILL. THE REVIEW PRESS DECEMBER 14, 1916 Published Under the Patronage of Miss Jessie D. Gillett Elkhart, 111. INTRODUCTION The following notes are the result of an extended trip made by Dr. McDunnough in the early months of 1916 through the museums of the East for the purpose of studying type specimens and estab- lishing their identity. We would take this opportunity of extending our hearty thanks to the curators of the various museums visited for their invariable courtesy and kindness in offering every facility pos- sible in connection with our work. 157 SYNONYMIC NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN HETEROCERA SATURNIIDAE COLORADIA PANDORA Blake. Dr. Dyar after sinking lois Dyar to doris Barnes proposed the name loiperda (Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc. XIV, 155) for what he con- sidered a form of pandora without pink shading on the secondaries. We have compared material with the types of both pandora at Phila- delphia and loiperda in the National Museum and find them practically identical, the $ type of pandora showing scarcely a trace of pink. Personally we do not believe that this pink shading on the secondar- ies has any specific value whatever; in series before us from a single locality individuals are found with heavy pink shading and others with not a trace of the same, but otherwise identical. In any case whatever stress may or may not be laid upon this feature, loiperda will sink to pandora as both represent the same form. ARCTIIDAE LITHOSIINAE Illice unifascia G. & R. We have been unable to locate the types of this species which was described from specimens from Florida and Texas. Fortunately the figure given by Grote is distinctly good (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. II, PL II, Fig. 63) and the species can be definitely identified as that one with a rather broad yellow band crossing primaries, this band being somewhat dilated at costal and inner margins and joined to the base of wing along inner margin by an evenly broad yellow band ; the $ 's are practically similar to the 2 's (the figure being that of a 2 ) and are typical members of the genus Hike, the inner margin of the sec- ondaries not possessing a projecting tuft of hairs at the anal angle. We mention this fact because tenuifascia Harv., which has commonly been called a variety of unifascia, appears, if our identification be correct, to possess such a tuft in the $ sex and falls properly into the genus Ozodania Dyar. The type of tenuifascia appears to be lost; the species was described from Bosque Co., Texas, and briefly char- acterized as being a little larger than unifascia with a narrower yellow 158 band at times broken in the middle; we have a series before us from various South Texas localities and also from N. Carolina which shows a distinctly narrower band than in unifascia without much dilation at costal or inner margins; we think therefore that the identification is reasonable sure and would refer tcnuifascia to the Osodania group as a good species ; the $ genitalia are quite distinct from those of unifascia. ARCTIINAE Apantesis nevadensis G. & R. The synonymy of this species as given in Dyar's list needs con- siderable revision. In the first place shastaensis French must be en- tirely removed from this association and be sunk as a synonym of omata Pack; in the Upper Sacramento Valley, the region from which shastaensis was described, the only species of Apantesis known to occur is the typical form of ornata without the white lines on the veins of primaries or with only traces of the same; our own collect- ing experience in this region showed this species to be common and San Francisco collectors who have spent many summers there assured us that no other species was known from that locality. Although the type has been destroyed, the figure given by French (Can. Ent. XXI, 162) of the type 9 shows pretty clearly that the reference to ornata is correct. Typical nevadensis, the types of which seem to be lost, has an entirely black thorax, but specimens with the usual striped thorax appear to be just as common; the secondaries are of a delicate pale pink in the $ ; behri Stretch appears correctly placed as a synonym. Incorrupta Hy. Edw., listed as a variety, must sink to geneura Stkr. The types of the former, as given by Hy. Edwards, were 1 $ from Dalles, Oreg. and 3 9 from Prescott, Ariz. ; an examination of the Hy. Edwards' Collection showed us that the three supposed 9 's were $ 's and one of these specimens bears the type label ; it agrees almost exactly with the type $ of geneura Stkr. which we have examined in the Field Museum. The name will apply to the larger race with bright reddish secondaries common in Arizona and evidently extend- ing northward into Colorado. Sulphurica Neum. (ochracea Neum.) is simply an aberration of (jcnenra with yellow secondaries instead of pink; such forms occur sparingly in all the Apantesis species. 159 Elongata Stretch, the type of which is in the Neumoegen Collec- tion, has nothing to do with sidphnrica but is very possibly a yellow winged form of superba Stretch which in our opinion must also be removed from association with nevadensis and placed as a British Columbia form of blakei Grt. A. blakei Grt. The type of this species is at Philadelphia; it represents a rather small form, apparently typical about Denver, Colo. ; we believe that superba Stretch may prove to be a race of this species and that elong- ata Stretch and diecki Neum. should be associated closely with superba. It would not surprise us at all if williamsi Dodge and its various races also proved to be forms of blakei; in a series before us from Glen- wood Spgs., Colo., there are specimens which certainly show affinities in both directions. Usually williamsi can be separated easily by the fact that the transverse white lines of the primaries do not cross the white streak in the fold as is usual in nevadensis and blakei but our Glenwood Spgs. series, which certainly seems to represent but one species, has specimens of both types. For the present, however, until careful breeding can be done the two may be kept separate. We should also keep bolanderi Stretch separate from blakei; it was described from Mt. Shasta, Calif., and it seems a risky proceed- ing to sink as synonyms species from two such widely separated locali- ties ; we have never seen any authentic specimens of bolanderi nor do we know if the types are in existence. A. williamsi Dodge. We have never seen anything that would just match Dodge's figure which seems to be that of a 2 ; it is possible that determinata Neum. is merely the $ ; it is usually considered to be the form with the hind-wings greatly obscured by black but, although one of the types of determinata is such a specimen, the original description clearly points to the more normal form with the central area pink and the name must be restricted to the type in the Neumoegen Collection that bears out this description. 160 NOCTUIDAE AGROTINAE Chlorocleptria felicitata Sm. We find on examining the type that this species is the same as the one we described recently as C. imperialis, which name will become a synonym. We think the reference to Chlorocleptria instead of Rhodophora is more correct as the species apparently shows greater affinity to simplex than to ftorida. POROSAGROTIS TEXANA Grt. The types, $ and 9 , are at Philadelphia ; Grote's figure of the 9 type is rather crude, especially with regard to the s. t. black patches which are far too greatly emphasized ; a comparison however between this figure and the 9 type shows without much doubt that this speci- men actually served as the original for the drawing. The 9 bears a label 'Agrotis segetum N. A.' and neither specimen shows anything to prove that they came from Texas as stated in the original descrip- tion. We can see nothing that would separate the two types of texana from the European segetum and believe that some error has been made regarding the locality and that texana should be dropped from our lists as a synonym of the common European segetum. Obesula Sm., at present listed as a synonym, is quite distinct as an examination of the single $ type from Montana in the National Museum showed us. The species bears some resemblance to a large siccaia but is distinct ; besides the type we have seen no other speci- mens of this species and must accept temporarily Smith's reference of the species to Porosagrotis. Hampson's figure (PI. 61, Fig. 2) of the type of obesula is good. Agrotis cinereicollis Grt. An examination of the type of this species in the Hy. Edwards' Collection proves it to be synonymous with congrua Sm., the macula- tion of the latter type being only slightly fainter than in that of cin- ereicollis. As Mr. Wolley-Dod has already noted (Ent. News, 1913, p. 360) vocalis Grt. is another form of the same species, the name cinereicollis having priority ; vocalis may be held as a name for the Central Rocky Mt. race with invenusta Grt. a dark colored form from New Mexico, and planifrons Sm. a rather similar race from the Can- adian Rockies. We figured a typical congrua under the name vocalis 161 in our Contributions Vol. I, No. 4, PI. V, Fig. 1. The synonymy will stand cinereicollis Grt. pallidicollis Grt. congrua Sm. a vocalis Grt. form invenusta Grt. b planifrons Sm. Epipsilia okakensis Pack. (PI. XIII, Fig. 5). An examination of the type 9 in Cambridge proves that this species is the same as cinerea Staud. which name has priority ; in a long series before us from Okak, Labrador great variability in color and markings is shown, but the proximity of the t. p. and s. t. lines is a good distinguishing mark of the species as compared with tecta Hbn. (carnea Auct.) which also occurs sparingly in the same region and can be readily separated by the genitalia as pointed out by A. Dampf (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr, 1909, LIV. 128) ; roosta Sm. described from Alaska proves to be a form of tecta, rather brighter colored than any we have seen from Labrador. We give figures of both tecta (PI. XIII, Fig. 4) and cinerea which should illustrate the points of dis- tinction. Mesogona olivata Harv. Through the kindness of Sir Geo. Hampson, who has examined the type in the British Museum at our request we are able to state that the tibiae of this species are spined and that it falls into the genus Mesogona (Pseudoglaea), the name olivata having priority over blanda Grt. HADENINAE SCOTOGRAMMA INCONCINNA Sm. According to the type in the National Museum Hampson's figure (Cat Phal. Brit. Mus. PI. 80, Fig. 1) is entirely erroneous. Our notes say that the species is rather closely related to oregonica in maculation, the hind-wings showing a distinctly paler inner area and broad darker outer border. We think it should be removed from Lasionycta and placed again in Scotogramma as employed by Hamp- son. 162 POLIA UMBROSA Sm. The types in the National Museum are 2 $ 's, one from Colorado, the other from Arizona. As we are not quite certain that these rep- resent a single species, we would propose restricting the type to the Colorado 9 . Polia occluna Sm. (PI. XII, Fig. 5). This is a synonym, along with Perigea latens Sm., of alfkeni Grt. ; the species seems best placed in Polia along with nipana Sm. and montara Sm. all three species being characterized by very min- utely haired eyes, the hairs being very easily overlooked. We figure a typical specimen from S. Arizona. Polia rectilinea Sm. (PL XII, Fig. 7). The only types we have found of this species are 2 9 's from Van- couver Is. in the National Mueum; these are not identical and it is probable that one of them represents a species described by Smith in his paper on olivacea and its allies. We would restrict the name rec- tilinea to the type with rigidly oblique t. p. line and considerable olive- green suffusion above the anal angle but without pink shading. We figure a fairly typical 9 from the type locality. Eriopyga serrata Sm. An examination of the type of this species shows that we had misidentified the species ; the true serrata is the species redescribed by ourselves as dubiosa and figured in our Contributions, Vol. II (3) PI. V, Fig. 1. The Arizona form, characterized by smaller reniform and greater distance between it and the t. p. line, as figured by Hamp- son and ourselves (1. c. Vol. I (4) PI. II, Fig. 17) under serrata Sm., is really without a name and we therefore propose for it the name jocosa, the type from Redington, Ariz., being the specimen figured by ourselves as mentioned above. BOROLIA TEXANA Mori". We have seen the type specimens of this species at Cambridge; they have nothing to do with phragmatidicola of which Morrison made texana a variety, but are in reality the same species as that described a year later by Grote as ligata from the same general locality. Grote remarked in the original description that ligata possibly might be texana and we are now in a position to verify the truth of this statement. We are not sure that extincta Gn. from Florida is the 163 same species, as listed by Hampson; it may at least represent a good racial form but our material is too scanty to decide at present. CUCULLIINAE Euros proprius Hy. Edw. (PI. XIV, Fig. 2). This species is extremely close to the one described later by the same author as Herrichia cervina and for which Hampson creates the genus Protophana; this genus will fall to Euros Hy. Edw. and it is quite possible that cervina may prove to be only a form of proprius but an examination of the type of the former in the British Museum will be necessary before we can decide this question. We figure typ- ical proprius. Cucullia aribac Barnes. We had considered this species identical with strigata Schaus, but on a recent comparison of the two $ types we find that the latter species is considerably darker on both wings and is we think arizona Sm. and not aribac Barnes, which latter species we figured in our Contributions Vol. I, No. 4, PI. VI, Fig. 15. Oncocnemis deserta Sm. An examination of the type of this species in the Hy. Edwards Collection showed that it possessed a tibial claw which has been over- looked by Smith when he drew up the description; the species must therefore be removed from Homohadena and placed in Oncocnemis next to punctilinea Hamp. to which it is very closely allied. Oncocnemis chandleri Grt. The species was described in Buff. Bull. I, 107 from several specimens taken in Colorado by Mr. Mead and is excellently figured on PI. Ill, Fig. 9 of the same volume. Hampson based his determin- ation of chandleri on a specimen marked 'type' in the British Museum which was evidently the aberrant specimen mentioned by Grote in the original description in which the blackish hind border of secondaries 'does not contrast greatly with the rest of the wing', and which is really a specimen of the species described later by Smith as Colorado as an examination of the specimen in the British Museum proved to us. In view of Grote's figure, which is unmistakable, and according to the existing rules of nomenclature we do not believe that Hamp- son's action in holding the name chandleri to this so-called type and 164 redescribing the true chandleri as poliochroa will be valid; the only course open to us seems to be to sink poliochroa to chandleri and leave Colorado Sm. for the other closely allied species. HOMOHADENA INCONSTANS Grt. (PI. XIII, Fig. 10). An examination of the $ and 9 types of this species in the Neumoegen Collection showed that they represented two distinct species. The type 9 had no tibial claw, a rather ochreous collar, with chocolate front and pronounced streaks on the veins; the type S from Prescott, Ariz., showed only faint streaks on the veins and a very marked contrast on the collar between a deep chocolate brown lower portion and a whitish upper portion; the fore tibiae were miss- ing, but as Grote placed the species in Oncocnemis originally we may presume the existence of a claw. The $ we believe to be what we described recently as Oncocnemis astrigata from Utah and figured in Contributions Vol. I, No. 5, PI. II, Fig. 4; we have also a $ from White Mts., Arizona. The name inconstans must therefore be re- stricted to the species represented by the 9 type which will fall into Homohadena close to incomitata Harv; we figure a S taken in Yavapai Co., Ariz., by Mr. Buchholz. EUTOLYPE DEPILIS Grt. The species was described from a single 9 from Columbus, Ohio, which is now in the Neumoegen Collection ; following the de- scription of depilis Grote mentions a 9 from Texas (Belfrage), close to depilis, which possibly represents a distinct species. Later Smith, associating the name depilis with this Texan 9 which Grote had labelled depilis, described as bombyciformis what was actually the true depilis. We have seen the types of both depilis Grt. and bomby- ciformis Sm. and they represent to us a single species. Hampson fig- ures a Texan 9 under depilis which certainly looks distinct and may prove to be an unnamed species, but we have no material from this locality before us; the typical form is well figured by Holland (Moth Book PI. 21, Fig. 13). Parastichtis insipida Stkr. (PI. XIV, Fig. 1). This species proves on an examination of the type to be the same as inops Grt. which has priority; we are a little in doubt as to the correct position of the species but for the present it can remain as placed by Hampson ; we figure a 9 from Omaha, Nebr. 165 Parastichtis (Orthosia) fornica Sm. This species appears, after a careful examination of the type to be nothing but a rather undersized purpurea Grt. ; the color is pinkish but in respect to color purpurea is a most variable species. ACRONYCTINAE Luperina relicina Morr. (PI. XIII, Fig. 6). An examination of the type material showed us that migrata Sm. is the same species as relicina Morr. We think that Smith's reference of the species to Luperina should be followed rather than that of Hampson who places it in Septis (Parastichtis) ; the maculation and color of both primaries and secondaries point to a close relation with burgessi. We figure a Cotype of migrata from New Jersey. Perigea lucetta Sm. This species, which, according to Hampson, is the same as roxana Druce from Mexico, we imagine should be excluded from our N. American lists; the locality is given as Colorado (Barnes) but the probability is that the specimen came with other material from a for- mer New York dealer who was very inaccurate in labelling his speci- mens and had included a Mexican specimen in error. Namangana tapeta Sm. This species, described as an Hadena from a single 6 from Cocoanut Grove, Fla., is placed by Hampson in Oligia. We recently saw the type in the National Museum and find the species is so close to Namangana continens Hy. Edw. from Arizona that if it were not for the widely different type localities we should be strongly inclined to believe that both names referred to a single species. For the present and until more material from Florida is available they may at least be regarded as geographical races. Cerma olivacea Sm. (PI. XII, Fig. 6). The type must be restricted to the Colorado $ in the National Museum, the California type specimen in the same collection is very worn and not the same species but probably fascia Sm. or cuerva Barnes. We figure typical olivacea as thus restricted. Acronycta frigida Sm. (PI. XIII, Figs. 1, 2). The type is a $ in the National Museum labelled Alameda Co., Calif. ; the type of pacifica Sm. is a $ in the Hy. Edwards' Collection 166 labelled 'Calif. No. 9615'. These two types represent but a single species and unfortunately pacifica, the much more appropriate name, must sink as a synonym. A bred series before us from Alameda Co., Calif., shows that considerable variability occurs in the distinctness of the orbicular and reniform which may or may not be outlined in black. It is quite possible that the 5 cotype of frigida in the Smith Collection should be referred to felina Grt. as it is labelled 'Sierra Nevadas', also the specimen from Truckee received from Prof. French which has probably been destroyed by Anthrenus larvae. Felina is evidently a high altitude species distinguished by its heavier gray scal- ing on primaries and of which cyanescens Hamp. is probably the north- ern form and turpis Sm., metra Sm., and amicora Sm. various Rocky Mt. races of rather dubious value. Our figures show typical $ and $ of frigida and a 9 of felina (PI. XIII, Fig. 3). A. arioch Stkr. The type specimen of this species, described ostensibly from New Orleans seems to be nothing but a slightly suffused specimen of the common European megacephala; there was presumably some error in labelling or else the specimen was brought over in the pupal state with shrubs or fodder. In any case we see no reason for retaining the name on our N. American list. Arzama obliqua Wlk. In the summer of 1915 we received pupae of an Arzama species from the vicinity of Newark, N. J., sent by Mr. H. Brehme of that city. The resulting series of specimens showed certain constant points of difference as compared with obliqua Wlk. which led us to suspect that an undescribed species had been unearthed. Again this summer (1916) Mr. Brehme sent us further specimens as well as two pairs of typical obliqua taken in a slightly different locality near Newark. It seems fairly evident that owing probably to certain local conditions (which we must leave to Newark collectors to investigate) that a rather well defined race or species has developed for which we would propose the name Arzama brehmei in honor of its discoverer. The type of maculation is essentially the same as in its ally obliqua but the general color of the primaries is much deeper brown, the basal area less strikingly white and the median shade is always well defined whereas in obliqua it is very faint and often entirely lacking ; the shape of the primaries is rather chunkier and less pointed at the apex in both 167 sexes. The secondaries are also much deeper smoky brown than in obliqua and show very little of the ruddy tinge found in the latter species, especially in bred specimens. The size is considerably smaller, the $ 's averaging 38 mm. and the 2 's 47 mm. as compared with 45 mm. and 53 mm. respectively for obliqua. Our type series consists of 6 $ and 6 9 , one pair of which we figure (PI. XII, Figs. 1, 2) as well as a pair of obliqua (Figs. 3, 4) from Long Island, N. Y., for the sake of comparison. Cotypes (2 $ 2 2 ) are in the collection of Mr. Brehme. Nocloa pallens Tepper. (PI. XIII, Fig. 9). This species was placed by Smith in the genus Aedophron Led. although at the time he stated that it differed in having no claws on the front tibiae. It was characterized as possessing heavy wooly thoracic vestiture, unspined tibiae and a conical frontal projection. Tepper's description (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. X, 215/16) states that 'the wings are dirty white with a narrow smoky median band and a fine dark t. p. line; the secondaries are of a uniform pale color.' Judging by this description and the structural characters given we believe that pallens can be none other than a rather worn specimen of nesaea Sm., placed by Hampson in the genus Nocloa Sm. which is characterized by conical frontal protuberance and unspined tibiae without claws ; fresh specimens of nesaea are olive green but worn and faded ones are a dirty white color just as Tepper states; the median band agrees and in some specimens a fine dark t. p. line (which is really the outer border of a pale line in fresh specimens) is faintly visible. The type of pallens should be in the Tepper Collection, but a list of types we have received from the Michigan Agricultural College makes no men- tion of this so it is possibly destroyed. Pallens is a desert species, described originally from S. Calif., but extending north on the eastern side of the Sierras as far as Pyramid Lake, Nevada and possibly even into Eastern Oregon. We figure a 9 from the borders of the Mohave desert. RODRIGUESIA ORNATA Ottol. We have carefully examined the type in the National Museum and find that in maculation, squammation, and structure it is an exact match of Chalcopasta hozvardi with the exception of the palpi which are strongly upturned and entirely different to those of howardi. Although we could find no trace of glue or shellac we strongly incline to the 168 opinion that the head has been neatly glued on the specimen in ques- tion, as we cannot believe that two species could resemble each other so exactly in every detail except the palpi. It would be necessary for the specimen to be relaxed to prove our contention and we must leave this to one of the curators of the Museum. Until it is proved to the contrary we believe we are justified in assuming that the head is that of another species and in sinking ornata to howardi. Stiria hutsoni Sm. (PL XIV, Fig. 3). We cannot separate this from fuliginosa Sm. after a comparison of the types in the Smith Collection. The series of both species vary in coloration, good specimens being greenish and worn specimens tending towards brown; the maculation is identical. We figure a 9 from Prescott, Arizona. ERASTRIINAE Tarachidia neomexicana Sm. The type, a $ from Texas (Belfrage) in the National Museum, proves to be a form of candefacta Hbn. rather paler than many of our specimens from the northern States but quite close to Hubner's figure , this form seems to predominate in the south and may prove either racial or seasonal. EREBINAE Syneda faceta Hy. Edw. (PL XIII, Figs. 7, 8). The type in New York is a ? not a $ as stated in the original description and the name will fall to capticola Wlk. {media Morr.) both of which names apply to the $ sex of the same species which shows a prominent whitish median area. We figure a pair from Florida. HYPENINAE Hyamia punctipennis Grt. This species is identical with Isogona acnna Barnes and the name punctipennis will have priority. The generic reference to Isogona seems correct ; the species certainly falls into Parora Sm. which we fail to separate from Isogona. The species was figured in our 'Con- tributions' Vol. I, No. 4, PL XII, Fig. 22. Renia restrictalis Grt. (PL XII, Fig. 8). After an examination of the type $ at Philadelphia and a com- parison with the type of larvalis Grt. we believe it to be merely a 169 rather small specimen of the latter species; the narrow constricted reniform and the even brown color of both types point to this asso- ciation ; sobrialis Wlk. has a rather broader, shorter reniform and less even coloration. Smith has figured the type of restrictalis in his revi- sion of the Deltoids (PI. 7, Fig. 1) but the details of maculation do not show well ; we figure a $ agreeing with the type. Renia centralis Grt. The type at Philadelphia is the $ of the same species as that described later by Grote from the 5 sex as plenilinealis. Both names (and presumably also alutalis Grt., the type of which we could not find at Philadelphia) fall before factiosalis Wlk. A type of centralis in the British Museum is very worn and pos- sibly not the same species as the $ type in Philadelphia which is a good specimen and easily recognized ; we would restrict the type therefore to this specimen at Philadelphia. Smith has given fairly recognizable figures of the species on PI. VI of his Deltoid revision; we cannot separate tilosalis Sm. described in Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XVII, 70, 1909, and of which we possess cotypes, from factiosalis. GEOMETRIDAE HEMITHEINAE Racheospila obliqua Hist. We think the species should be transferred to the above genus rather than be left in Nemoria as the palpi in the 2 are decidedly long; Mr. Prout to whom we suggested the change, concurred with the suggestion, stating that obliqua was unknown to him at the time of the revision in the Gen. Insectorum. We are not sure but that obliqua and bellonaria may represent seasonal forms ; the type $ of obliqua in the Hulst Coll. is rather small and without discal dots, whereas bellonaria has distinct discal dots and is larger; all the Colo- rado material before us of the former type is dated August, whereas the specimens of the latter form were captured in May and June which would point to either a double brood or a distinct species. More ma- terial than we possess will be necessary to decide the question. R. LOUISA Hist. The $ type in the Hulst Collection is not the same species as the $ type in the National Museum, being a specimen of hulstiana Dyar ; this would account for Hulst's misidentification mentioned by Dr. 170 Dyar in his description of hulstiana (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash, IV, 437). The type of lonisa must be restricted to the N. Museum specimen. R. RUBROMARGINARIA Pack. After examining the type at Cambridge we doubt the reference of this species to extremaria Wlk. ; Packard's figure of the type is good and we would call attention to the lack of the discal spot and the heaviness of the white lines ; Walker's description of extremaria mentions discal spots, but makes no particular note regarding the breadth of the cross lines. More material from Quebec is wanted to determine the variability of rubromarginaria. Nemoria brunnearia Pack. The species was described from 2 9 's although Packard in his description mentions three localities. The type $ from W. Va. is in Cambridge, Riley's specimen from Missouri in the National Muse- um. The species however does not equal bifilata Wlk. according to our notes on Walker's type and a colored figure of same before us ; Packard's figure is distinctly good and shows the broken red marginal line and slightly checkered fringe ; some specimens in our series from New Brighton, Pa. show a very decided green tinge overlaid with scattered reddish scales which makes us wonder if fresh specimens may not always show this coloration. Bifilata will probably prove the same as bistriaria Hbn., both types having been presumably taken in the same general region, i. e. Georgia ; it is a larger, browner species without the red fringe line. N. FESTARIA Hist. The species was described from 1 $ and 5 9 from 'Cal.' and 'Ariz.' and the types were stated to be in Coll. Hy. Edwards, Neumoe- gen, and Hulst. In the Hulst Collection is a single $ type from Arizona which is arizonaria Grt. pure and simple and does not at all agree with Hulst's characterization of festaria which calls for 'pink fringes and a narrow margin of red on the wings'. In the Hy. Ed- wards' Collection is another $ type from San Francisco, Calif, which seems to be pistaccaria Pack. In the Neumoegen Coll. are 1 $ and 1 9 which differ from both of the preceding 'types' ; the $ has no locality label, the 9 is labelled 'Ariz.' ; these agree well with the description, with the exception that the fringe is not entire- ly pink but merely dotted with pink at the ends of the veins. 171 In view of the above facts we believe that the type should be restricted to the 9 from Arizona in the Neumoegen Collection. At the time we had no material with us that agreed with this type, but if our iden- tification from our notes is correct, the species should be placed next to Racheospila rubrolinearia Pack, to which it bears a close resem- blance. Chlorochlamys viridipallens Hist. The species was described from Colorado and Arizona ; in the Hulst Collection is a $ type from Colorado, in the Neumoegen Coll. a 9 type from Arizona, this latter being a specimen of volan- taria Pears. The $ type, which should hold the name, is also very close to volantaria but is a little larger and the hind wing seems paler and immaculate as far as can be determined from the poor and faded condition of the specimen ; the fore wings show traces of a post- median line as in volantaria. The hind tibiae of the type are wanting but we think there is no doubt that the species is a Chlorochlamys and eventually when fresh material from Colorado is forthcoming, it may prove identical with volantaria. Merochlora graefiaria Hist. (PI. XV, Fig. 17). An examination of the structure of the type 9 in the Neumoe- gen Collection has convinced us that this species is identical with that described by Mr. Prout (Gen. Insect. Geom. Hemith. p. 222) as Merochlora entraphes; the type is worn and faded, the green having become a dirty white, but the position of the single white line on the primaries is the same and the structure is identical, the two pairs of spurs on the hind tibiae and the strongly anastomosed vein C on the secondaries being very characteristic. A second 9 type in the Tepper Collection in the Michigan Agricultural College at Lansing, Mich., is in rather better condition and bears out the above reference. We fig- ure a $ from Stockton, Utah. OOSPILA LESTERARIA Grossb. The type $ in Coll. Barnes has only a single pair of spurs on the hind tibiae and distinct abdominal dorsal tufts and will therefore fall into a group quite distinct from Racheospila in which genus it was placed by the author. Until more material and both sexes are avail- able we place it provisionally in Oospila Warr. as it very evidently belongs in the small group of genera centering around this genus. 172 The species was figured in our Contributions Vol. I, No. 4, PI. 23, Fig. 11. ACIDALIINAE COSYMBIA UMATILLARIA Stkr. The species, described under Anisodes, and at present listed under Cosymbia, proves, on an examination of the type $ in Coll. Strecker at Chicago, to be Glena cognataria Hbn. ACIDALIA ANCELLATA Hist. (PI. XV, Fig. 18). There seems to have been some mix-up in the types of this species and those of A. fuscata Hist. The former species was ostensibly de- scribed from 2^3? from Sierra Nevada Mts., Calif., and Arizona ; in the Hulst Coll. the only type present is a S from Hot Springs, New Mexico, which is certainly spurious ; in the Neumoegen Coll. is another spurious $ type from the same locality but also a $ type from Ari- zona which is in our opinion the one that should hold the name, thus restricting the type locality to Arizona which would not alter the usual conception of the species. A. fuscata was described as a variety of quinquelinearia Pack, from "1 $ 1 9 Arizona, Coll. Neumoegen and Hulst" ; the Neumoegen Coll. contains 1 $ (not 9 ) type from Sum- mit, Sierra Nev., Calif., and the Hulst Coll. another $ type from the same locality, both agreeing with the meagre description in being dull gray with the maculation very similar to that of quinquelinearia; it would almost seem as if Hulst had separated out his Sierra Nevada specimens from ancellata after the description was written but had forgotten to change the text and then placed the erroneous locality of Arizona in his description of fuscata; as the 'type' of this latter species in the Hulst collection does not contradict Hulst's diagnosis we think it would be wise to consider this the true type and the species an in- habitant of the High Sierras. It differs from quinquelinearia in the more rounded secondaries, the grayer color and the straighter sub- marginal line of primaries, being much closer to the Colorado luteolata in everything except color. We figure a typical ancellata $ from Colorado and also a specimen of our conception of fuscata (PI. XV, Fig. 12) from Lake Tahoe, Calif. ACIDALIA PERSIMILIS Hist. After seeing the types in the Hulst and Neumoegen Collections we are forced to the conclusion that the species is the same as Pack- ard's quadrilineata. 173 ACIDALIA CALIFORNIARIA Pack. A study of Packard's types at Cambridge, Mass., of both this species and pacificaria has convinced us that the two names represent a single species but that in all probability the association with sideraria Gn. is incorrect. Both of Packard's forms show strongly haired palpi and would fall into Prout's genus Holarctias along with rubrolinearia Pack, and sentinaria Hbn. ; rubrolinearia is probably correctly placed as a synonym of magnetaria Gn. as Guenee mentions the hairy nature- of the head (Tete concolore, tres velue). We are not sure of the identity of sideraria Gn. from the description but there is a species extending apparently through the same region of California and very similar in color and design to calif orniaria Pack, in which the palpi are normal, showing very few traces of long hairs ; for the present, in lack of any definite knowledge of Guenee's type, which should be in the Oberthur collection, we apply the name sideraria to this species. Apart from the less hairy palpi it may be distinguished by its rather larger size, a tendency to ruddy fringes and a rather more waved and more distinct subterminal dark line; rubbed specimens however are extremely puzzling to locate. We are also not certain as to whether californiaria may not prove to be merely a color form of magnetaria Gn. ; for the present we hold them distinct. Xystrota suavata Hist. This species proves to be very close to Xystrota roseicosta B. & McD. from S. Texas ; the two will probably represent races of one species ; suavata has an unbroken terminal line and the s. t. line seems rather more regular than in our species. Both show a double areole which would place them outside of Acidalia or Ptychopoda; for the present they may remain in Xystrota Hist. Ptychopoda lacteola Lint. (Pi. XIV, Fig. 16). An examination of the type in the National Museum shows that this is the same species as P. pallida Hist and the name will have priority over Hulst's name. We figure a specimen from Kerrville, Texas. Ptychopoda rotundopennata Pack. (PI. XV, Fig. 6). The type from Brunswick, Me., is in the Cambridge Museum and proves the species to be the same as that described by Hulst under the name of Eois hanhami from Winnipeg, Man.; the types of this 174 latter species are in the Hulst and Neumoegen Collections respectively. We figure a Calgary $ . Ptychopoda demissaria Hbn. The synonymy of this species as given in Dyar's list is quite in- accurate; ferrugata Pack, is probably correctly listed as a synonym; the species was described from specimens from Mass., Ala., and Texas, but the type should be restricted to the specimen figured (PI. 10, Fig. 39) which is in the Cambridge Collection labelled merely '505' but most probably the Mass. specimen; russata Hist, from N. Y. is quite synonymous with this and both seem to fit in well with Hubner's figure of demissaria the type of which was therefore probably from the N. Atlantic States. Inchisaria Wlk. should probably be held to the Florida race which, judging from a few specimens before us, seems to differ somewhat from the northern demissaria. Bonifata Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 17) has nothing to do with this species ; the type in the Neumoegen Collection from Arizona is a rather large specimen of ptelearia Riley, Hulst's name taking priority. We figure a large and well marked 9 from Arizona. Eremiata Hist., from Arizona, the type being in Brooklyn, is in our opinion a distinct species from demissaria although closely allied ; the even ruddy color with obsolescent lines easily separates it. Flavescens Hist., held at present as a separate species, looked to us, after a careful examination of the type in Rutgers College Coll., to be merely a faded or discolored specimen of eremiata; the course of the t. p. line was the same and there were traces of the characteris- tic dark red costal margin visible. Ptychopoda delicata Hist. This will fall before bonifata Hist, {ptelearia Riley) ; the species seems widely distributed over the whole southwestern portion of the United States. LARENTIINAE Nyctobia vernata Pack. The type in the Packard Collection from Brunswick, Me. proves to be a worn specimen of Cladara atroliturata Wlk. ; there is however another type in the Boston Society Coll. from Brookline, Mass. (Shurt- leff) which is anguilineata G. & R. so the name may be held to this 175 specimen without disturbing the synonymy. In any case vernata be- comes a synonym. Lygris atrifasciata Hist. (PI. XIII, Fig. 17). This species has already been removed from the synonymy of Mesoleuca immanata, where it is listed by Dyar, by Grossbeck (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XXXIII, 338) who places it in Eustroma; the species was described from a single 2 from California and if we have cor- rectly identified it from our notes on the type, the $ sex is without a hair pencil on the underside of fore wings. The species is very apt to be confused with nubilata Pack, but the central broad black fascia is more prominent and its inner margin, while irregular, does not show the prominent tooth in the cell which characterizes nubilata {vide Packard's figure PI. VIII, Fig. 46) ; on the hind wings the median line is nearer the base of the wing and more sharply angled, forming practically a right angle, and the species is much more uni- colorous smoky without the sprinkling of white or yellow scales found in nubilata; the abdomen is unspotted whilst in nubilata there is a row of subdorsal black spots ; it would seem best placed in Lygris being one of the few species of this genus without the hair pencil. Judging by the description Warren has redescribed it from Colorado as Epirrhoe delimitata. It is apparently wide spread as we have it from California, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado (all from high alti- tudes). With regard to semiatrata Hist., listed as a synonym of nubilata, we would remark that the species was described from 4 specimens from Colorado but the type in the Hulst Collection is labelled 'Washington Terr.' and is therefore spurious ; while it is possible that semiatrata should rather be associated with atrifasciata than with nubilata we believe that there would be no harm in leaving it in its present association until the true type can be discovered. We figure a $ of atrifasciata from Truckee, Calif. Lygris speciosa Hist. This appears to us to be nothing but an aberration of L. xylina in which the antemedian yellowish band is broader than usual, en- croaching on the space occupied by the dark median band. With regard to xylina we might say that the type in the Hulst Collection is a $ from New York, to which we would restrict the name, making the form from the Eastern States the nimotypical one. 176 Hydriomena elisata Stkr. The type specimen cannot be distinguished from the common European Ortholitha bipunctaria to which in fact Strecker compares it. We imagine there has been an error in labelling the specimen and that the name should be dropped from our lists. Hydriomena similaris Hist. This species has been generally totally misidentified owing to a grave error on the part of Dr. Hulst ; similaris was described from specimens taken in Colorado by Mr. Graef and the true types (1 $, 1 9 ) are in the Brooklyn Inst. Collection along with a spurious 'type' from Maine. In the Hulst Collection the type is labelled 'Nevada' and it is from this spurious type that the identifications of the species have doubtless been made, for it represents a species remarkably close to ruberata Frey, in fact so close that we have never been able to separate the two satisfactorily. The types in Brooklyn are entirely different and bear out the original description excellently which cer- tainly cannot be said to be true of Hulst's specimen ; similaris proves according to these true types to be the same species as that described later by Mr. Swett under the name glenwoodata and this latter name must therefore unfortunately become a synonym. The species was figured in our Contributions Vol. I, No. 4, PI. 14, Fig. 24. Xanthorhoe nemorella Hist. The California specimen mentioned by Hulst in the description of the above species is a 9 from Sauzalito (Jan.) according to the Hulst collection ; it is, however, a worn specimen of some Hydriomena species and has nothing to do with the other types from Aleutian Is., Alaska to which the name should be held. Xanthorhoe illocata Hist. According to the Hulst Collection the type series seems to have been mixed as there are two distinct species under this name, one being a Dysstroma close to glacialis as far as can be told, and the other, represented by a single specimen of which only the fore wings are present and these rubbed, being a Xanthorhoe and apparently the same as nemorella Hist., it would seem that the type should be re- stricted to this specimen as it fits in much better with the original diagnosis than do the others; a similar $ is in the Neumoegen Col- lection. 177 Camptogramma neomexicana Hist. The type should be restricted to the 9 from Las Cruces, N. Mex- ico in the Hulst Collection ; various spurious types from Texas are in both this collection and that of the Brooklyn Institute. The species was described from specimens from N. Mexico, Colorado, and Flor- ida, but in view of the name we think the type should be restricted as above mentioned ; the other types we could not find in any case. EUPHYIA GRANDIOSA Hist. The type of this species must be considered to be the 9 in the National Museum, No. 3927 which evidently served for the original description; the type in the Hulst Coll. (probably the specimen men- tioned in a note below the description) is an ordinary dark olivaceous implicata Gn. of the form described by Packard as multilineata; the National Museum specimen is larger, of a rather pinkish color gen- erally and will probably represent an Arizona race at least. EUPITHECIA MISTURATA Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 6). The species was described from specimens from Soda Spgs., Calif., and Hot Spgs., N. Mex., and a type from each of these locali- ties is in the Hulst Collection; as it is very probable that they do not belong to one species, the New Mexico specimen being possibly referable to huachuca Grossb., we would designate the type of mis- turata as the Soda Spgs., Calif., specimen in the Hulst Collection labelled 'Type'. We figure a specimen from Shasta Retreat (about 1 mile from the type locality) where Dr. McDunnough found it very plentiful in 1915. EUPITHECIA PACKARDATA Taylor. The name packardata was proposed by Taylor (C. Ent. XL, 277) to supplant geminata Pack, which was erroneously stated to be pre- occupied by Eupithccia geminata G. & R. As a matter of fact gem- inata G. & R. was described (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI, 29) under the genus Larentia and only at a later date wrongly transferred by the authors (Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. H. VIII, 459) to the genus Eupithecia, its proper place being in the genus Cladara Hulst. The name geminata Pack, will therefore be perfectly valid in the genus Eupithecia and will supplant packardata Tayl. if Dr. Taylor be correct in his limitation of the name to the 9 type as being a species dis- tinct from the $ type which according to him falls to coagulata Gn. We 178 have no knowledge on this subject at present but believe the best plan will be to follow Taylor until we hear to the contrary. The specimen mentioned by Taylor as having been labelled 'type, packardata', in his collection is before us and agrees with a specimen which we have com- pared with the type of meritata Pears, in New York so that this name will also fall. GEOMETRINAE Mellilla inextricata Wlk. We have already noted (Cont. II, p. 206) that the general con- ception of this species was erroneous ; it now transpires that the species described by Hulst as Diastictis floridensis is a synonym of inextri- cata; the type is a 2 from Florida in the Hulst Collection. Drepanulatrix (Deilinia) californiaria Pack. This species, described as Tephrosia californiaria in Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. XIII, 388, has been placed in Dyar's list as a synonym of Alcis imitata Wlk. with which it has absolutely no similarity. It is well figured by Packard in his Monograph on Plate XI, Fig. 15, and is undoubtedly a Deilinia as an examination of the type in Cambridge showed us ; it is closely related to ferrnginosaria Pack., which has already been correctly referred to Deilinia by Grossbeck (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XX, 290) and we should not be surprised if, in spite of Packard's statement, they proved sexes of one species. Unfortunately the type of this latter species seems to be lost and besides the descrip- tion we have only the very poor figure published in Proc. Bost. Soc. Vol. XVI, PI. I, Fig. 21. The species seems to be distinct from cela- taria Hist. D. litaria Hist. (PI. XIII. Fig. 14). The species was described from 2 $ 's from Colorado and the description particularly mentions the fuscous hind wings with a sub- marginal row of black spots. The specimen marked 'type' in the Hulst Coll. is very worn but distinctly contradicts this statement, the hind wings being apparently whitish and immaculate — in fact the specimen will probably prove to be a form of falcataria Pack. In the Xeumoegen Coll. however is a 'Type' from Colorado which fits the description excellently and we propose that this be considered the true type. It is the same species as that described later by Hulst as Deilinia fumosa and this latter name will fall. It is possible that the 179 type labels of litaria and electa have become interchanged in the Hulst Collection as the specimen labelled 'type electa' agrees with the de- scription of litaria and vice versa. Grossbeck is probably correct in sinking electa to falcataria Pack. We figure what we consider to be the true litaria from Truckee, Calif. D. indurata Dyar. The type in the National Museum is from Placer Co., Calif. ; it is undoubtedly the same species as celataria Hist, and almost an exact match of the type of Lozogramma merccdulata Stkr. according to a specimen compared for us with the type by the late J. H. Grossbeck. D. hulsti Dyar. (Pi. XIII, Fig. 13). Dr. Dyar, in his very brief characterization of Catopyrrha hulsti (Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc. VI, 226) has neglected to state the locality and sex of his type specimen. The type in the National Museum is a S from Los Angeles Co., Calif., and is the same species as that described later by Grossbeck as Deilinia lenitaria, a very pardonable error on the part of the latter author in view of the above facts. We figure a $ cotype of lenitaria. D. HELENA Hist. This species, described under Diastictis from a single 9 proves to be merely a rather aberrant form of liberaria Wlk. {lintneraria Pack.), very similar to the 9 figured by Packard on Plate IX, Fig. 37 of the Monograph; this specimen is still in the Packard Collection, but the other types of lintneraria we could not find at Cambridge. D. BEHRENSARIA Hist. The species was described from a number of specimens from California, Nevada, and Arizona ; the 'types', 2 $ 's, in the Hulst Col- lection are labelled respectively 'Col.' and 'Rossland' and are therefore spurious although possibly the first may be an error for 'Cal.'. A type from Soda Spgs., Calif., is in the Neumoegen Collection and we pro- pose to restrict the type to this specimen as the locality is one in which Behrens did a good deal of collecting and we may therefore presume the specimen was one of the type lot. Phasiane (Macaria) lapitaria Stkr. This proves to be a synonym of sublacteolata Hist. 180 P. conarata Grossb. (PI. XII, Fig. 4). We fail to separate this species from colorata Grt. the types of which are in the Brooklyn Inst. Both show a rather ruddy coloration on the primaries and fairly heavy terminal dark shades on the under- side of both wings. P areata Grossb. (Fig. 5) is very closely allied but may usually be distinguished at once by the prominent discal spot on the secondaries. We figure $ 's of both species from Redington, Arizona. P. DELECTATA Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 9). The species was described from 1 $ from Colorado and this specimen is in the Neumoegen Coll., the type in the Hulst Coll. from Arizona being spurious. We doubt greatly if this should be made synonymous with muscariata Gn. which from the description seems to be closely allied to respersata Hist., which occurs in California as well as Colorado; Boisduval (1869, Lep. de la Cal. p. 91) lists muscariata as having been taken by Lorquin so it is probable the types came from the region of Placer Co., Calif. It is to be sincerely hoped that M. Oberthur will continue publishing figures of Guenee's Geometrid types so that we can definitely establish their identity. We figure a 9 from Colorado which agrees with the type of delectata. P. PALLIDATA Pack. Listed at present in the synonymy of calif orniata Pack, the species proves distinct and very close to parcata Grossb.; the type in the Cambridge Mus. is a 9 and is the species figured by ourselves (Cont. II (3) PI. VI, Figs. 10-12) doubtfully as parcata, P. subacuta Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 10). This species was described under Diastictis from specimens from Colorado and Nevada and as a $ specimen is mentioned in the de- scription we should suppose that the 6 antennae were pectinate. The only types we have been able to discover however were 1 9 from Colorado in the Hulst Coll. and 1 9 from Nevada in the Neumoegen Coll. ; the former is the same as respersata Hist, and the latter from our notes would also appear to agree. Apart from the supposed pec- tinate $ antennae the original description fits excellently with these specimens and we believe the only course open is to limit the type to the specimen in the Hulst Coll. and presuppose an error on Hulst's part regarding the $ antennae; in this case subacuta becomes a syn- 181 onym of respersata only differing in lacking the black spot opposite the cell beyond t. p. line which is a variable feature in the series be- fore us. Teucaria Stkr., described from Seattle, Wash., is a large form of the same species which occurs also on Vancouver Is., B. C. We figure a typical 5 respersata (Fig. 10) from Colorado and also a $ of teucaria (PI. XIII, Fig. 18) from Vancouver Is. P. HEBETATA Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 7). The species was described from 2 $ from Colo, and the only type we could locate was a very worn ? in the Hulst Coll. too rubbed for accurate identification ; from the description, which mentions a broad pale s. t. line, we should judge that hebetata was a rather immaculate form of Grossbeck's decorata, our series from Stockton, Utah, show- ing great variability. The very similar species from Arizona with less sinuate t. p. line and apparently no white s. t. line, which has often been called hebetata, is yavapai Grossb. We imagine from the description that sinuata Warr. (Nov. Zool. XI, 561, 1904) will be one of the species of this group but without a knowledge of the type specimen it is almost impossible to place ; in any case, if we are at all correct in our association, the name sinuata cannot be used as it is preoccupied by sinuata Pack. (1874). We figure typical ? 's of both decorata (Fig. 7) and yavapai (Fig. 8). P. excurvata Pack. (PI. XIV, Figs. 13, 14). The type of this species, a $ from the Rocky Mts. (Grote) is in the Cambridge Mus. Coll. and proves the species to be the same as spodopterata Hist., over which it takes priority. The type of this latter species in the Hulst Coll. is a Colorado $ whilst in the Neumoe- gen Coll. is a $ from California, both representing the same species. Cinereola Hist., described from Colorado under Diastictis is, accord- ing to the type $ from Glenwood Spgs., Colo., in the Hulst Coll., a rather poorly marked specimen of this same species; in the $ sex, judging by our series, the t. p. line tends to bend slightly inward at costa instead of continuing parallel to the outer margin as in the $ . Orillata Wlk. of which excurvata has heretofore been considered a synonym is a smaller species with more strongly curved and usually heavier t. p. line; curvata Grt. (cruciata Grt.) represents this species in the west and is scarcely separable even as a race. We figure a $ and $ of excurvata from Glenwood Spgs., Colorado. 182 P. AUCILLARIA Stkr. This species, described from a single 9 from Florida appears to be identical with ordinata Wlk., described from a specimen from the Milne Coll., locality unknown; most of the N. Am. specimens in this collection however came from Georgia and if we presume that this was the case with the type of ordinata the two type localities would be practically identical. Macaria grassata Hist. The species was described from a specimen from Colorado but the 'type' in the Hulst Coll. is labelled Florida ; under praeatomata Haw. is a specimen labelled 'Colo.' which may be the true type; the two are identical and neither from the description nor from the 'type' specimen can we separate grassata from praeatomata. M. SIMULATA Hist. Described from 2 $ in the Graef and Hulst Coll., no locality given ; in the Hulst Coll. the 'type' is a 9 from Arizona and in the Graef Coll. we found a S type from Texas ; this latter being prob- ably the true type; the species, as already noted, is apparently the same as punctolineata Pack. Genus Diastictis Hbn. This genus, as used by Meyrick and Hulst, is preoccupied by Diastictis Hbn. in the Pyralidae (1818, Zutr. Ex. Schmet. p. 21). The next valid name is apparently Itame Hbn. (Verz. p. 299) of which the wauaria group is the typical section. Diastictis ella Hist. The type is a 9 from Washington State and is probably referable to Deilinia but we are not prepared to say to which species as the specimen appears rather aberrant. D. QUADRILINEARIA Pack. (PI. XIV, Fig. 11). This species has been placed as a synonym of bitactata Wlk. but quite erroneously ; the type in the Packard Coll., which agrees excel- lently with the description, proves the species to be the same as that described later by Hulst under the name inquinaria. It is common all through the Sierra Nevadas. We figure a $ specimen from San Bernardino Mts., Calif. 183 D. OLIVALIS Hist. According to the type in the National Museum the species appears to us to be the same as argillacearia Pack, which is very doubtfully the same as inceptaria Wlk. D. MINUTA Hist. The type must be restricted to the 9 in the Neumoegen Coll. from Arizona ; the so-called type 9 in the Hulst Coll. from Texas does not agree with Hulst's description, the discal spots being mere dots and not ringlets as stated and the specimen probably being a small pallidata Pack. Minuta would seem best placed in Phasiane near infimata Gn. the o antennae being merely ciliate and not pectinate. D. SUBFALCATA Hist. (PI. XV, Fig. 11). The species was described from three 9 's from Colorado and a difference in color between the specimens is mentioned in the descrip- tion ; the gray specimen to which Hulst refers is in his collection and is probably a 9 of coloradensis Hist. ; another 9 type from Platte Canyon, Colo., (which will hold the name), is much yellower and falls into the occiduaria group, in fact we should not be surprised if it proved to be the 9 of that species which we do not definitely know ; a third type of snbfalcata, similar to the true type is in the Neumoe- gen Collection. We figure a 9 from Utah which agrees with these latter types. HOMOCHLODES FAMULATA Hist. The species described under the above name proves on an exam- ination of the type 9 in the Hulst Coll. to be a melanic aberration of Fiufidonia notataria Wlk., the wings being deep brown with a wavy white s. t. line ; the prominent discal dot very readily establishes the relationship. Glaucina escaria Grt. After a careful study of the types in the Brooklyn Inst, we are not at all certain that the $ and 9 types represent the same species ; Grote in his description referred to the $ as smaller and darker and this is true, the hind wings especially being evenly fuscous and show- ing beneath no trace of a dark border as found in the 9 . The 9 is, we think, the species described later by Dr. Dyar as erroraria, the type 9 in the National Museum bearing the locality label 'Hot Spg. Arizona'. The name escaria, in case the differences prove specific, 184 must be held by the $ type in Brooklyn. We have not yet seen any $ 's that could be definitely determined as erroraria so that it is of course still possible that the differences noted above are sexual and not specific. COENOCHARIS OBSCURA Gl'OSSb. The name will be held by the type $ in Coll. Barnes from S. Arizona (Poling) ; of the 3 Cotypes in the Am. Museum of Natural History two are interruptaria Grt. and the other we think is ochrofus- caria Grt. ; the type $ seems to show certain points of distinction from the type 2 of ochrofuscaria but this may of course, when long series are obtainable, prove merely sexual. C. macdunnoughi Grossb. The 9 type of this species before us proves to have a claw on the fore-tibia and will fall into the genus Glaucina. Chesiadodes bidisata Dyar. This species proves to be identical with Gabriola minima Hist.; the type is rather dark but there is a specimen exactly similar under minima in the National Museum Collection. Cleora aethalodaria Dyar. This species has been referred by Grossbeck as a synonym of inconspicua Hist. ; the types in the National Museum are rather rub- bed and consequently difficult to place definitely; it seemed to us as if the $ was a specimen of zvrightiarium and the 2 of inconspicua; in any case the name will fall. C FULIGINARIA Hist. This appears to be a melanic aberration ; the maculation is almost entirely lost in the general smoky color of both wings so that it is a little difficult to say to which species it should be referred ; indicataria Wlk. would seem to be the most likely species. C. MURICOLOR Hist. This appears to be merely another synonym of Glena cognataria Hbn. a species which has certainly come in for an undue amount of attention from the various authors of our Geometrid names. C. LALLATA Hist. (PI. XIII, Fig. 12). The type must be restricted to the $ in the Hulst Coll. from S. Francisco Mts., Arizona, the $ type in the Neumoegen Coll. from 185 Prescott, Ariz., being referable to lixaria Grt. ; the specimen from Senator, Arizona, we have not seen. Lallata is very similar to lixaria but the median shade of primaries is nearly straight and not prom- inently angled as in lixaria (PI. XIII, Fig. 11), the t. a. line is irreg- ularly bulging in its central portion and not slightly incurved as in the latter species and the s. t. line is distinctly more dentate. We figure typical 9 's of both species. C. rufaria Grt. (PI. XIII, Figs. 15, 16). The single 9 type of this species in the Neumoegen Coll. is identical in maculation with the 9 type of obliquaria Grt. in the same collection ; the specimen is very worn and this probably ac- counts for its rather reddish tinge; we believe the name should sink to obliquaria. We figure a $ and 9 from Redington, Arizona, to show the sexual differences. C. LURIDULA Hist. The type 9 from Florida appears to be a large 9 of Glena cog- nataria Hbn. It is worn and without maculation but the peculiar color and sprinkling of dark dots above and below make its reference to this species fairly obvious. C. MAESTOSA Hist. The type $ in the Nat. Museum, a worn specimen, is apparently referable to indicataria Wlk. but is rather more suffused with black- ish than Walker's type specimen, according to a specimen before us compared with this latter type. Hulst is doubtful as to whether the specimen came from Ta.' or 'Ga.' but inclines to think it is Iowa ; after examining the written label we personally would be in favor of Georgia as the type locality and this is further corroborated by pre- sumable Florida specimens before us which are closer to Hulst's type than Northern ones which represent typical indicataria. The wings of the type show yellow markings on the veins subterminally, the abdo- men extends well beyond the hind wings and the antennae are strongly bipectinate, all points which render the reference of maestosa to indi- cataria Wlk. fairly certain ; in any case filaria Wlk. described from Florida and listed as a synonym of indicataria would take precedence over maestosa if a name for the southern form should be necessary. C. VELLIVOLATA Hist. The species was described from a single 9 from Florida which is in the Neumoegen Coll. ; the $ type in the Hulst Collection is spur- ious although probably the same species. 186 Phigalia nevadaria Hist. The $ type of this species from Colorado is in the Hulst Coll. ; apart from being slightly smaller and darker we cannot separate it from titea of which it appears to be a mere race. A $ type from Nevada is in the Neumoegen Coll. but is too worn and stained to place accurately. Neoterpes ephelidaria Hist. The $ and 9 types were stated to have been taken in Nevada; the $ type in the Hulst Coll. is labelled Colorado and therefore pre- sumably spurious although agreeing with the description ; a $ type from Nevada is in the Neumoegen Coll. but has a prominent t. p. line contrary to the description ; a 5 type from Nevada is in the Hulst Coll. but this is a macularia form. Ellopia laeta Hist. The $ type in the Hulst Coll. proves to be a very small specimen of what we described later as flaz'ilinearia; the description is mislead- ing in stating that the outer line is angled below the costa for as a matter of fact it is straight or only very slightly rounded ; as however the rest of the description fits the specimen and the locality is correct we presume the 'type' must be considered authentic and sink our name accordingly; the species was figured in our Contributions Vol. II (3) PI. VIII, Figs. 1 and 3. E. LUGUBROSA Hist. This species, described from Rossland B. C, was referred by Hulst to fcrvidaria as a possible variety. After examining the types we think the form should be associated with fiscellaria; apart from a slightly smokier color it cannot be separated from the ordinary East- ern specimens ; the name for the present at least may be held for the western race; it is possible johnsoni Swett may prove identical but we do not know this form. Plagodis arrogaria Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 12). It would be well to restrict the type of this species to the $ from N. Y. in the Hulst Coll. ; types are also in the Graef and Neumoegen Collections but that in the latter is probably not the same species. Arrogaria is characterized by a distinct discal dot with a general lack 187 of definite lines on the forewings; occasionally a t. p. line is visible and then it is evenly rounded below costa and not oblique as in fervi- daria H. S. (emargataria Gn.). We figure a $ from Decatur, 111. which shows the t. p. line fairly distinctly. GONODONTIS APICIARIA Pack. There are apparently two species involved in the types of this species in the Packard Coll. The $ type from Hyde Pk., Boston agrees with the figure in the Monograph (PI. 12, Fig. 9) and will hold the name; 2 2 types from Maine and Salem, Mass. appear to belong to warneri Harv. Apiciaria has a distinctly excavated margin of hind wings in contradistinction to warneri in which it is nearly evenly rounded. Euchlaena novellata Hist. (PI. XIV, Figs. 4, 5). This species has been placed by Hulst in Dyar's list under Sabu- lodes but we query the correctness of the reference; the types, 1 $ and 1 2 , are stated to be in the Neumoegen and Tepper Coll. A 2 type is in the former collection which agrees excellently with the de- scription but we have no record of any type in the Tepper Coll. and doubt if Hulst really had a $ before him; there is another so-called 2 type from Prescott, Ariz, in the Hulst Coll. which may or may not have been one of the original specimens ; we think it well to limit the name to the type 2 in the Neumoegen Coll. which proves to be the other sex of what is at present listed as Therina cavillaria Hist, described from a single $ specimen from Arizona, the latter name having priority ; regarding the generic position we are in doubt until a thorough revision of the group has been made but the species strongly suggests Euchlaena sesquilinearia Grt. (PI. XIV, Fig. 3) from which indeed it only differs in its smaller size and lighter color, being freer from speckles ; the faint hair line beyond the t. p. line is quite characteristic of both species which may eventually prove to be seasonal forms; in any case they may be placed next to each other in our lists for the present. We figure a $ and 2 of cavillaria from Palmerlee, Arizona and a typical $ of sesquilinearia from Red- ington, Arizona. Euchlaena argillaria Hist. The so-called $ type in the Hulst Coll. is spurious, being labelled 'Calif.', whereas the description calls for Arizona as type locality; the true type is in the Neumoegen Coll. along with another spurious type 188 from California. These California specimens appear very closely related to galbanaria Hist, the type 2 of which is in the Hulst Coll. ; the true argillaria is grayer in color, with more prominent discal dot and stronger angle in t. p. line below costa. Synaxis jubararia Hist. (PI. XIV, Fig. 1). The 9 type from Washington State is well figured in Holland's Moth Book (PI. 45, Fig. 20) ; the species described later as pallulata Hist. (Fig. 2), which is the type of the genus Synaxis, is possibly an aberrant form of the $ . A long series before us from Vancouver Is., B. C. shows great variability in color and markings ; the 9 's are usually quite reddish, the S 's paler, often quite pale ochreous with the cross lines heavily bordered with black or the median space filled with darker scaling, this latter being typical pallulata; we figure $ 's of both forms from Vancouver Island. Pherne mellitularia Hist. (PI. XV, Figs. 7, 8). Hulst based this name in part on Packard's description in the Monograph of parallelia and his Figs. 42 and 43, PI. XII, claiming that the name parallelia must be restricted to Fig. 42 as two species were involved. He had however without doubt misidentified par- allelia for he makes it synonymous with excelsa Stkr. (Ent. Am. I 202) a species from Colorado and Arizona with nowpectinate antennae in the 9 whereas Packard in the Monograph claims pectinate anten- nae for both sexes. The original description of parallelia is poor, as Hulst states, but if we combine the fact that the type specimen came from Behrens (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. XVI, 38) with the statement in the Monograph under parallelia (p. 551) that Packard had two specimens from Behrens taken at Sauzalito, it is probable that the type locality for parallelia is Sauzalito, i. e. the vicinity of San Fran- cisco Bay ; the species is probably double brooded on the coast as we have specimens from Oakland taken in May and September. Hulst gives Arizona, California, and Nevada as type localities for melliUilaria, describing the species from 5 $ 3 9 in the collec- tions of Tepper, Hy. Edwards, and Hulst. Of these type specimens all we could find were 1 9 from Summit, Sierra Nevadas, Calif, in the Plulst Collection and 2 9 's from the same locality in the Hy. Edwards' Collection ; the other specimens may have been removed from the series later by Hulst as not being conspecific or they may have been destroyed ; at all events we think it wise that the 'Type' 189 should be restricted to the 9 in the Hulst Coll. This 9 is extremely close to the presumable type in the Packard Collection of parallelia which agrees well with Fig. 42 of the Monograph but in view of the difference in type localities we think there are probably distinctions enough to warrant the retention of the names for at least racial forms ; mellitularia will however, we believe, fall to placeraria Gn. described from a specimen taken by Lorquin, the type being figured by Ober- thur in Etudes de Lep. Comp. Fasc. VI, PI. 156, Fig. 1510. These forms or races may be distinguished from the closely allied subpunctata Hist, by the presence of a bent median line on the underside of secon- daries which is practically lacking in subpunctata; this latter species is also more heavily sprinkled with purplish or reddish scales and is apparently confined to the more southerly regions of California, being common around San Diego. We figure a $ and 9 from Oakland, Calif, captured May 28th of what we consider to be parallelia Pack. We further figure a 9 (Fig. 13) from Lake Tahoe of placeraria (mellitularia) taken in July and a $ of subpunctata (Fig. 14) from San Diego, Calif. Caberodes majoraria Gn. M. Oberthur has figured the type of this species in fitudes de Lep. Comp. Fasc. VI, PI. 157, No. 1522 and mentions in the text (p. 288) that this does not at all agree with Packard's figure of majoraria in the Monograph (PI. XII, Fig. 32). According to the figure majoraria is a synonym of confusaria, having the t. p. line angled below costa just as in this species; this will leave majoraria of Packard without a name ; it is a larger, heavier species with scalloped outer margin of secondaries and t. p. line of primaries slightly rounded outwardly below costa but not angled as in confusaria; it is also further removed from the apex of the wing, slightly incurved below cell and often followed by a dark shade as in Packard's figure; the underside of both wings is sprinkled with yellow scales. The species hardly appears to be correctly located in Caberodes and the emarginate nature of the secondaries suggests Euchlacna to our mind. We propose the name irraria for the species, the type $ in Coll. Barnes having been cap- tured at Chicago, 111. (Kwiat) ; there are Co-types in the collection from New Brighton, Pa., and Cartwright, Man. 190 Sabulodes dyari Grossb. (PI. XV, Figs. 9, 10, 15, 16). This species, described from a single $ specimen from the Huachuca Mts., Ariz., originally from the Barnes' Coll., we cannot separate from arisonata Tayl. As is usual in the group there is con- siderable variation in the ground color and that of the cross lines and in some specimens of our series heavy black subterminal blotches are found; the type of maculation, size, and wing shape are the same however in both. We should not be surprised if ligata Grossb. should also prove a synonym ; one of the types is before us, a very rubbed specimen, and we have recently examined the other type in the Na- tional Museum; ligata (PI. XV, Fig. 15) is a little larger, slightly more sprinkled with black dots and the t. a. line shows slight irregularity of outline (not rigidly straight as in arisonata) ; our dated material would however rather point to its being the first generation of arison- ata, our specimens being captured in April and May whilst the dates for arisonata (dyari) range through August and September. The form of arisonata with black subterminal spots has been generally passing as Eugonobapta ochrcata Hist, but we think incorrectly so, as this latter species, while probably a Sabulodes, shows a distinct and sharp angle in t. p. line below costa. We figure typical arisonata and ligata and also a couple of specimens showing the subterminal blotches in varying degrees of intensity ; all the specimens are from Palmerlee, Arizona. PYRALIDAE PYRAUSTINAE Glaphyria salutalis Hist. The type of this species, a single S from Oregon, is in the Rutgers' Coll. and seems distinct, at least racially, from eripalis Grt. which shows a much deeper brown color on both wings. Ochralis Haim., described from Denver, Colo., of which we have a Co-type before us, is however a synonym of salutalis. Blepharomastix acutangulalis Snell. This name, according to Snellen's figure (1875 Tijd. v. Ent. PI. XI, Fig. 11) will have priority over santatalis B. & McD., described from Brownsville, Texas. 191 LOXOSTEGE PERGILVALIS Hist. The species was described from 3 ? 's from Arizona ; the only ? type from this locality that we could find is in the Hy. Edwards' Coll. In the Hulst Coll. the type is labelled 'Colorado' and in the Neumoegen Coll. the type, while labelled 'Arizona', is a $ . The type therefore must be restricted to the specimen in the Edwards' Coll. The name falls before coloradensis G. & R. as listed by Dyar. L. lulualis Hist. The species was described from 2 $ 's from Calif, and Anticosti Is. respectively; the California Type is in the Hy. Edwards' Coll. labelled 'Soda Spgs.' and is the same as anartalis Grt. ; the Anticosti type is in the Hulst Coll. and is not exactly the same, lacking the white s. t. banding of primaries and having less black at the base of secondaries; the name should be held to this latter type which is probably at least a good racial form. NOCTUELIA BUBUBATTALIS Hist. The species described by ourselves as N. tectalis will sink to bubn- battalis; the type from Colorado seems to have rather darker hind wings than our Arizona tectalis so it is possible that two races may be involved but we have seen no Colorado material other than the type. Tectalis was figured in our Contributions Vol. II (6), PI. II, Fig. 10. CRAMBINAE C. carpenterellus Pack. (PI. XIV, Fig. 18). After an examination of the type series of this species we are forced to the conclusion that oslarellus Haim. must become a synonym. Packard's figure of carpenterellus (Rep. Hayd. Sur. PI. I. Fig. 1) is rather crude, the angles in the white streak being too accentuated, due probably to the rubbed condition of Packard's specimens ; the statement that the hind wings are white is also misleading; they are distinctly smoky just as Haimbach claims for oslarellus of which spe- cies we have one of the Co-types before us from the Kearfott Coll. We figure a $ from Denver, Colorado (Oslar). EPIPASCHIINAE Epipaschia interruptella Rag. (PI. XIV, Fig. 15). Apart from the dimensions given the description of this species fits in so exactly with that of dentilineella Hist, that we believe the two 192 names are synonyms and that the expanse of 33 mm. given in the original description is possibly a printer's error for 23 mm. The type localities coincide, the species being apparently quite common and wide spread in Southern Arizona ; it is therefore extremely probable that Morrison, who supplied Ragonot with his Arizona material, would have captured this species on one of his trips. Unfortunately the type of interrupt ella seems to have been lost or destroyed ; it was the only one of the Ragonot types we could not find in his collection in the Paris Museum. We figure a $ from Redington, Arizona. Oneida lunulalis Hist. In the original description Hulst gives the type locality as 'Colo- rado'; later in his revision of the Epipaschids (Ent. Am. V, 64) he only records the species from Canada and N. Y. ; the type 9 in the Hulst Coll. is labelled 'Canada' and there is another type 9 in the Neumoegen Coll. without definite locality labelled 'Cook 6/25/86'. Eoth these types agree well with the description and in view of the fact that later Hulst himself described the true Colorado species as luniferella we believe we are justified in assuming that he was guilty of some error of transcription for we greatly doubt if lunulalis is found in Colorado at all, being apparently an Eastern species. It would seem best under the existing circumstances to accept the 9 from Canada in the Hulst Coll. as being a true type. In several other in- stances we have noted discrepancies in this family between the local- ities given in the descriptions and the labels on the so-called 'types' and when we remember that Hulst had the atrocious habit of labelling specimens long after the original description had appeared with the word 'type', (apparently in the sense of 'typical') the difficulty of discriminating between the true and the false types is greatly increased and often made impossible by these further blunders of transcription. Tetralopha nephelotella Hist. This is another instance of a discrepancy between the locality given in both the description and the revision, viz. 'Penn.' and that found on the 9 type in the Hulst Coll. which is Blanco Co., Texas. This specimen gives evidence of having been denuded on the under side in order that the venation should be examined, it also agrees in venation with Hulst's characterization of the genus Loma, created for nephelotella, and finally corresponds well in both sex and macula- tion with the original description. We think therefore that the type 193 is probably authentic but has at some time or other received an incor- rect locality label. Clcmensalis Dyar is a synonym and the form is ap- parently an aberrational one of aspcratclla Clem, as placed by Dr. Dyar. T. APLASTELLA Hist. The species was described and made the type of the genus Tioga Hist, neither type locality, sex, nor number of specimens being given but apparently only 9 's serving for the original description. In the revision (Ent. Am. V, 69) Hulst has both sexes and gives Texas (April) as locality; the only 'Type' we could locate is a 9 in the Hulst Coll. labelled 'Colo.' which has been examined for venation and appears to agree with the characterization of Tioga except that 6 of primaries is not stalked with 7-9; the specimen looks like asperatella Clem, but in view of the inadequate description and the great dis- crepancy of labels we cannot decide as to whether the specimen is an authentic type or not. PHYCITINAE Myelois obnupsella Hist. The localities given in the original description are Canada and Florida ; the $ Type in the Hulst Coll. is from Canada and we think the name should be held to this type as the Florida specimen is not to be found and in any case it is doubtful if it would be conspecific. The species seems common in Manitoba as we have a series from Aweme (Criddle) ; the figure in Ragonot's Monograph (PI. 50, Fig. 7) is quite erroneous, the wings being too broad and short and show- ing no trace of a transverse white band about l/$ from base of primar- ies which is generally more or less distinct ; according to Ragonot's figure of subtetricella (PI. V, Fig. 9), obnupsella must be very close, if not identical, with Ragonot's species. A 'type' of obnupsella in the Neumoegen Coll. is not a Myelois at all but Vitula edmandsi Pack. M. TEXANELLA Hist. This species and dulciella Hist, do not belong in the genus Myelois as vein 2 of secondaries is quite close to the angle of cell ; they are very closely related to each other according to the types in the Hulst Coll. and would appear best placed for the present in the genus Taco- ma; we have however seen no $ of texanella and our notes on the types leave us rather in doubt as to whether the type of dulciella is a $ or 9 . 194 M. LEUCOPHAEELLA Hist. In the Hulst Coll. the type 9 of this species besides the type label bears simply a label 'Gillette' but agrees well with the original descrip- tion; it is not a Myclois at all but Meroptera unicolorella Hist.; the type was stated to have been captured in Iowa which is a locality in which unicolorella will doubtless occur and we therefore think it is correct to assume that the specimen in the Hulst Coll. is the true type and sink the name to unicolorella. M. BISTRIATELLA Hist. The species was described from 2 specimens from Washington, D. C. ; the type in the Hulst Coll. bears a label 'Iowa' which may have been misplaced from the type of the preceding species ; the specimen certainly does not correspond with the description of leucophacella but agrees excellently with that of bistriatella so we consider that it would be wise to assume that there has been an interchange of locality labels rather than of type labels. Judging by Ragonot's figure of bilineatella (PI. V, Fig. 10) and the figure published later of bistria- tella (PI. 50, Fig. 9) the two are correctly listed as synonyms. Im- mundclla Hist., described from Texas, appears to us however to be a good species and not another synonym. ACROBASIS HEBESCELLA Hist. The type in the Rutgers' Coll. is a 9 from N. J. the label read- ing 'on oak, Jersey, Pines, VI, 23' ; the specimen is in hopeless condi- tion and impossible to identify accurately ; the specimen mentioned in the description from Texas is also in the collection but not labelled type ; it is also very worn. Until the species has been bred from oak in N. Jersey it will be impossible to definitely fix the identity of hebes- cclla; we doubt if Dr. Dyar's identification is correct for the speci- mens mentioned in his revision (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 44) were bred from pecan ; as Hulst very clearly associated the name in his de- scription with an oak feeding species we should be greatly surprised if these pecan feeders proved identical. A. FRUCTETELLA Hist. This species was described from 4 9 's from Arizona and Texas ; we have been unable to locate the Arizona types but there is a 9 Type from Blanco Co., Texas in the Hulst Coll. and another from the same locality in the Neumoegen Coll. to which we would restrict the 195 name and which we have matched exactly with a 9 from Kerrville, Texas ; $ 's of the species before us show that fructetella must be referred to the genus Salebria and is the same species as S. rectistri- gella Dyar which sinks as a synonym. A. TENUELLA B. & McD. This name will fall before slossonclla Hist, described in the genus Salebria; the species is an Acrobasis. MlNEOLA RUBESCENTELLA Hist. This cannot be left in the genus Mineola as vein 2 of the hind wings is close to the angle of the cell ; without a $ however it is im- possible to correctly place it. For the present it may be placed in Nephopteryx. Ulophora brunneella Dyar. This proves to be a synonym of Dioryctria clarioralis Wlk. de- scribed from Florida. MONOPTILOTA PERGRATIALIS Hist. This species, described as a Nephopteryx from Fla., proves to be the same species as that described later from the $ sex as nubilella Hist, and for which the genus Monoptilota was created; the type $ of nubilella is also from Florida; Hulst also gives Maryland and Ala- bama as type localities but we could not find these specimens. PlNIPESTIS UMBRIPENNIS Hist. The type $ from Colorado is in the Hulst Coll. and is the same species as that described later by Dr. Dyar as Ortholepis gillettella; on account of the heavy scale tuft at the base of the $ antennae and the scale ridge on the fore wings the species seems to us best placed in the genus Tlascala Hist. ; it has considerable affinity to finitella Wlk. Genus Tacoma Hist. Dr. Dyar has already noted (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. VI, 112) that the original characterization of this genus calls for ' $ antennae simple' whereas in the revision a tuft of scales on the $ antennae is mentioned ; unfortunately, without examining the generic type (feriella Hist.), Dr. Dyar has accepted the latter statement as correct whereas feriella, if our identification from the type be correct, bears out the original diagnosis, what Hulst probably took for a scale tuft 196 being an enlargement of the basal antennal joint which is scaled; nyssaecolella Dyar and subtinctclla Rag. must be removed from Ta- coma and may be placed temporarily in the genus Nephopteryx. Ambesa busckella Dyar. The species falls as a synonym of Glyptocera consobrinella Zell. Nephopteryx modestella Hist. The $ type in the Hulst Coll. is a specimen from Newton High- lands, Mass. (Barnes) and is merely a very worn oralis Pack., the latter name having priority. Neph. furfurella Hist. The species was described from 2 $ 2 9 from Florida and Texas ; the type in the Hulst Coll. is a 5 labelled Florida and a similar one is in the Neumoegen Coll. ; a $ from Texas stands under the same name but has no type label. The species is not a Nephopteryx but an Elasmo palpus and the same as that described later by Hulst as floridellus; all the types we have seen are conspecific but the name should be held to the specimen in the Hulst Coll. Neph. rhypodella Hist. The original description calls for a single $ from Oregon as type ; in his revision Hulst gives an entirely different description, mak- ing curvatella Rag. a synonym and mentioning Illinois as locality; in the Hulst Coll. is a 2 'type' with no locality label (merely 'No. 42') which appears to agree (it is worn) with the description of the revision and with Ragonot's figure of curvatella pretty well, but which cer- tainly does not fit the original description. What the true rhypodella may be we are unable to say ; probably material from Orgeon will one day solve the mystery ; in any case we would separate curvatella Rag. as a good species ; the type, judging from the Monograph, came from California and we have a good series before us from that state which agrees with Hulst's spurious type of rhypodella and which is probably the true curvatella. Salebria triplagiella Dyar. In the National Museum this is placed as a synonym of Laodamia fusca Haw. and apparently correctly so ; it will at least be a synonym of moestella Wlk. described from Northern Canada. 197 S. ALICULELLA Hist. The type of this species must be restricted to the specimens in the Hulst Coll., the types in the Neumoegen and Hy. Edwards' Col- lections belonging to the closely allied furciferella Dyar which has the round discal spot jointed by a black streak to the t. a. line. S. BIFASC1ELLA Hist. This species and nogalesella Dyar are extremely closely related; apart from the fact that the hind wings of bifasciella are slightly deeper in color we can point to no feature that would separate them; breeding will be necessary to show whether we are dealing with good species or slight varietal forms of one species. S. LACTEELLA Hist. The single 9 type of this species seems to be a better preserved specimen of what Hulst had previously described as Nephopteryx gilvibasella from a worn 5 ; the type localities of both species are given as Cent. Texas and both types are in the Hulst Coll. S. ODIOSELLA Hist. With regard to the type specimen of this species we are again met with one of those puzzles which must be credited to the inaccur- acies of Dr. Hulst. The original description calls for a $ from Colo- rado as type, Hulst's revision states that Texas is the type locality and the S type in the Hulst Coll. bears a label 'Blanco Co., Texas' ; it agrees excellently with the original description so we see no reason for not regarding it as type, but cannot say which locality is correct as we have no specimens of the species which seems closely related to bakerella Dyar. S. CARNEELLA Hist. New Mexico is given as the type locality for the species but this is changed by Dr. Hulst in the revision to Maine and Massachu- setts with a doubtful N. Mex. 9 associated; the type in the Hulst Coll. bears no label but appears to agree with the description; we have two specimens from Manitoba and imagine the localities given in the revision are therefore more likely to be correct than the one originally cited. S. SEMIOBSCURELLA Hist. This species has been generally confused with Meroptera pravella Grt. and in the Hulst Coll. most of the specimens under this latter 198 name belong to semiobscurella; the two species are very much alike but apparently the stalking of vein 10 of primaries with 8 and 9 is constant in pravella and is a good means of separation in doubtful cases; the stalking of veins 4 and 5 on primaries does not always hold. We think Packard is correct in describing the larva of pravella as feeding on willow as his material came from Brunswick, Me. and Maine is the type locality for pravella. Riley's citation of sumach as the food plant (Rag. Mon. Phy., p. 315) is due to a misidentifka- tion ; he probably had bred semiobscurella, the larva of which is a sumach feeder, occurring in two generations; we have a bred series before us from larvae collected around Decatur. Pravella is appar- ently a more northern species, our only specimens (all 9 's) having been received from Hymers, Ont. M. DELASSALIS Hist. The original 5 type came from Nevada according to the de- scription ; later, in the revision, Hulst added specimens from Colo... N. Mex., and Ariz, and one of these later specimens from N. Mexico labelled 'type' is responsible for our usual conception of the species; unfortunately the 9 from Nevada which is also present and labelled 'type' in the Hulst Coll. proves to be a worn specimen of what Hulst later described as purpurella; in the true delassalis the t. a. line is quite distinct in the lower portion being white and angled, heavily bordered with black ; the t. p. line is very close to the outer margin ; in the other species, which probably will now bear the name fcrnaldi Rag., the t. a. line is practically obscured by a heavy black band and the t. p. line is further from outer margin ; the veins in the outer portion of the wing are slightly striate with black and the ground color is orange-ochreous not reddish-ocher. Megasis cinctella Hist. The type 9 in the National Museum is worn and has only a single palpus this being covered with mould and so distorted that examination is very difficult. According to the venation we should be inclined to place the species in Passadena Hist. ; it agrees in having vein 2 of secondaries close to angle of cell and 3 stalked with 4 and 5 which are on a very long stalk ; on primaries 4 and 5 are short stalked, 10 appearing to be short stalked with 8 and 9, in this respect differing from the type of Passadena. The species certainly has no 199 resemblance to a Megasis and until more material of both sexes is available would seem best referred as above. Elasmopalpus melanellus Hist. The type, a 9 labelled 'Florida (April)', is in the Hulst Coll. The species is the same as Tlascala finitella Wlk. and Hulst's name sinks. Another similar type from Miami, Fla. (Slosson) is in the Neumoegen Coll. Anoristia olivella Hist. The type of this species, a 9 , from Needles, Calif., is a fright- fully worn and stained specimen of Ragonotia dotalis Hist, which name has priority. Pyla pallidella Dyar. The species, as we have long suspected, is a synonym of Lipo- graphis Iconinella Pack. ; it is so placed in the National Museum. Melitara junctolineella Hist. The name must be restricted to the $ type in the Hulst Coll. from Texas ; the 9 types from Colorado in the Hulst and Neumoegen Collections are probably dent at a Grt. YOSEMITIA GRACIELLA Hist. In the original description the type locality is stated as Colorado, but the revision gives Texas and the specimen marked 'type' in the Hulst Coll. is labelled 'Blanco Co., Tex.' The localities given in Hulst's paper containing the description of graciella (Ent. Am. III. 129) seem to be frequently quite inaccurate so that we see no reason, the specimen agreeing with the description, for not accepting it as a type. Yosemitia mysiella Dyar. The name must be restricted to the Stockton, Utah specimens which include the type $ ; we doubt if the Arizona specimens (of which we possess several co-types) belong to the same species; the $ antennae of mysiella are strongly ciliate. Pallidipennella Hist., at present placed in the Anerastiinae , falls close to mysiella; the group is a puzzling one and needs careful study to determine the species in- volved. 200 Yosemitia maculicula Dyar. This seems to us to be merely a small, poorly marked specimen of Zophodia stigmclla Dyar ; we have a long series from San Diego the specimens varying greatly in size and distinctness of maculation but representing apparently a single species. HOMOEOSOMA IMPRESSALE Hist. The original description calls for a single $ from Nevada as Type; Hulst's revision states 'Colorado' as type locality and in the Hulst Coll. there are $ and 2 'types' labelled 'Colorado' neither agreeing well with the original description nor with one another. Typical impressale is easily identified from the description and has a rather well-defined t. a. black band composed of two more or less confluent spots ; the so-called types do not show this but belong to the rather immaculate form (equally common apparently) with only the black discal dots present ; although probably conspecific we do not think either of the specimens can be accepted as the true type. H. ELECTELLUM Hist. The original description called attention to the variation shown in the type specimens in size and coloration and this is borne out by the two type specimens from Blanco Co., Texas in the Hulst Coll., one, the S, being small (17 mm) and a good match for what we described later from Florida as differ tellum, the other, a 9 , much larger (23 mm) and rather more ochreous tinted; the difference is scarcely sexual as we have both sexes of both forms before us in long series ; it may however be seasonal as we note that our small speci- mens were taken mostly in early spring or late fall whilst the large ones occur in summer ; Ragonot's name tcxancllum, judging by the description and figure, would apply to the early brood with differ- tellum B. & McD. as a synonym, whilst electellum may be used in sens, strict, for the large summer form. 202 PLATE XII Fig. 1. Arzama brehmei B. & McD. Type, $ New Jersey. Fig. 2. Arzama brehmei B. & McD. Type, 9 New Jersey. Fig. 3. Arzama obliqua Wlk. $ Long Is., N. Y. Fig. 4. Arzama obliqua Wlk. 9 Long Is., N. Y. Fig. 5. Polia alfkeni Grt. $ S. Arizona. Fig. 6. Cerma olivacea Sm. $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 7. Polia rectilinea Sm. $ Vancouver Is., B. C. Fig. 8. Renia restrictalis Grt. (larvalis Grt.) $. Plate XII / 1 1 I -6 \\ tf~*> *+ -V ". ■ ■: , V ^-,, ■% 6y 7* '>- 204 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. PLATE XIII Acronycta frigida Sm. (pacifica Sm.) $ Alameda Co., Calif. Acronycta frigida Sm. (pacifica Sm.) $ Alameda Co., Calif. Acronycta felina Grt. $ Truckee, Calif. Epipsilia tecta Hbn. $ Okak, Labr. Epipsilia cinerea Stand. $ Okak, Labr. Luperina relicina Morr. (migrata Sm.) 9 New Jersey. Drasteria capticola Wlk. (faceta Hy. Edw.) S Stemper, Fla. Drasteria capticola Wlk. (faceta Hy. Edw.) 2 Stemper, Fla. Nocloa pallens Tepp. (nesaea Sm.) $ Palm Spgs., Calif. Homohadena inconstans Grt. $ Yavapai Co., Ariz. Cleora lixaria Grt. $ Tucson, Ariz. Cleora lallata Hist. $ White Mts., Ariz. Drepanulatrix hulsti Dyar (lenitaria Grossb.) $ San Diego, Calif. Drepanulatrix litaria Hist, (fumosa Hist.) $ Truckee, Calif. Cleora obliquaria Grt. (rufaria Grt.) $ Redington, Ariz. Cleora obliquaria Grt. (rufaria Grt.) 9 Redington, Ariz. Lygris atrifasciata Hist. $ Truckee, Calif. Phasiane teucaria Stkr. S Vane. Is., B. C. Plate XIII / ,- -: iM <- £m ^^SS^:?-' "^SS5"* z m W~j V i ,.~ i. '"<• V ' $/!^V /3 y . I g - 'Si- I 7 o" tS*v r n '■ > 3 206 PLATE XIV Fig. 1. Parastichtis inops Grt. (insipida Stkr.) 2 Omaha, Nebr. Fig. 2. Euros proprius Hy. Edw. 2 Plumas Co., Calif. Fig. 3. Stiria fuliginosa Sm. (hutsoni Sm.) 2 Prescott, Ariz. Fig. 4. Phasiane colorata Grt. (conarata Grossb.) $ Redington, Ariz. Fig. 5. Phasiane parcata Grossb. $ Redington, Ariz. Fig. 6. Eupithecia misturata Hist. 8 Siskiyou Co., Calif. Fig. 7. Phasiane decorata Grossb. 2 Vineyard, Utah. Fig. 8. Phasiane yavapai Grossb. 2 Palmerlee, Ariz. Fig. 9. Phasiane delectata Hist. $ Colo. Fig. 10. Phasiane respersata Hist. $ Durango, Colo. Fig. 11. Itame quadrilinearia Pack, (inquinaria Hist.) $ Camp Baldy, Calif. Fig. 12. Plagodis arrogaria Hist. $ Decatur, 111. Fig. 13. Phasiane excurvata Pack, (spodopterata Hist.) $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 14. Phasiane excurvata Pack, (spodopterata Hist.) 2 Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 15. Jocara interruptella Rag. (dentilineella Hist.) $ Redington, Ariz. Fig. 16. Ptychopoda lacteola Lint. 2 Kerrville, Texas. Fig. 17. Ptychopoda bonifata Hist, (ptelearia Riley) Palmerlee, Ariz. Fig. 18. Crambus carpenterellus Pack. S Denver, Colo. Plate XIV Hfra,., . ,~:A *TO $*" fcSSi' .. . .' -J '%!^-?Jr V m ■** \r • .■-*•. - 7'f *• i 1 ' 3>. .**■■ si K ^C IS * i T" /o yfLATE XV 266 PLATE XVIII Fig. 1. Acrobasis myricella B. &McD. Type, $ Ft. Myers, Fla. Fig. 2. Acrobasis comptoniella Hist. $ East Riv., Conn. Fig. 3. Mineola grossbecki B. & McD. Type, $ Lakeland, Fla. Fig. 4. Mineola indigenella Zell. $ Decatur, 111. Fig. 5. Xystrota davisi Grossbeck. Paratype, 2 Everglade, Fla. Fig. 6. Tallula watsoni B. & McD. Type 9 Stemper, Fla. Fig. 7. Tallula atrifascialis Hist. $ Kerrville, Texas. Fig. 8. Nephopteryx crataegella B. & McD. Type, $ Lakeland, Fla. Plate XVIII |i*Mjf t -- 1 268 PLATE XIX Fig. 1. S. magnoliata ruptata B. & McD. Type ? Deer Pk. Spgs., Lake Tahoe, Calif. S. magnoliata pernotata Hist. $ Wellington, B. C. T. georgii benesignata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Wellington, B. C. Thera georgii Hist. $ Truckee, Calif. Thera latens B. & McD. Paratype, $ Colo. (Bruce). Triphosa bipectinata B. & McD. Type, $ Palmerlee, Ariz. X. ferrugata infumata B. & McD. Type, $ Crater Lake, Ore. X. ferrugata infumata B. & McD. Type, 2 Crater Lake, Ore. Xanthorhoe ferrugata Clerck $ New Brighton, Pa. Zenophleps obscurata Hist. $ S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Z. obscurata infumata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Palmerlee, Ariz. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Plate XIX .x"* S*x ,.{ K j6 V<; * iar » I* *« i«i - ill Af 5% ^ 5>^H % ** i o 270 PLATE XX Fig. 1. E. plebeculata vivida B. & McD. Paratype, $ Wellington, B. C. Fig. 2. E. plebeculata vivida B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Wellington, B. C. Fig. 3. Epirrhoe plebeculata Gn. $ Alameda Co., Calif. Fig. 4. Epirrhoe plebeculata Gn. 9 Alameda Co., Calif. Fig. 5. Stamnodes topazata Stkr. $ Colo. (Bruce). Fig. 6. S. topazata apicata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Hymers, Ont. Fig. 7. Spargania illustrata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Palmerlee, Ariz. Fig. 8. Spargania illustrata B. & McD. Paratype, 9 Palmerlee, Ariz. Fig. 9. Spargania aurata Grt. 9 White Mts., Ariz. Plate XX ffftdtftf %*s s?» « %w&f or * v .-* 1 -J i *va sap,, o 272 PLATE XXI Fig. 1. Dystroma truncata Hufn. $ White Mts., N. H. Fig. 2. Dystroma truncata Hufn. 2 White Mts., N. H. Fig. 3. Dystroma citrata Linn. 2 White Mts., N. H. Fig. 4. D. truncata mulleolata Hist. $ Victoria, B. C. Fig. 5. D. truncata mulleolata Hist. 2 Victoria, B. C. Fig. 6. D. mulleolata form, ochrofuscaria Swett 2 Duncans, B. C. Fig. 7. D. truncata walkerata Pears. $ Calgary, Alta. Fig. 8. D. truncata walkerata Pears. 2 Ketchikan, Alaska. Fig. 9. L. xylina serrataria B. & McD. Paratype, S Meach Lake, Que. Plate XXI " gSn +-A&? % »w 6 S *&9f ?• 274 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. PLATE XXII Plagodis approximaria Dyar $ McNabs' Is., N. S. Plagodis intermediaria B. & McD. Type, S Ottawa, Can. Plagodis phlogosaria Gn. $ Meach Lake, Que. S. kentaria gen. aest. glaucata B. & McD. Type, $ N. Y. (Bruce). Catopyrrha esperanza B. & McD. Type, $ Brownsville, Tex. Catopyrrha esperanza B. & McD. Type, $ Brownsville, Tex. T. albovittata tenuifasciata B. & McD. Type, # Spirit Lake, Idaho. Trichodesia albovittata Gn. $ New Brighton, Pa. Heliomata fulliola B. & McD. Type, $ Redington, Ariz. Mesoleuca gratulata Wlk. $ Victoria, B. C. M. gratulata latialbata B. & McD. Type, $ Plumas Co., Calif. Plate XXII 3 is *« H~ /o ■ % " ^ Vff & // »., s } % ■.* 276 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. PLATE XXIII Phasiane triviata B. & McD. Paratype, ? Paradise, Ariz. P. dislocaria malefactaria B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz. P. dislocaria malefactaria B. & McD. Type, 9 Paradise, Ariz. Phasiane septemberata B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz. Itame epigenata B. & McD. Type, 6* Truckee, Calif. Itame wauaria Linn. $ Petrograd, Russia. Phasiane ponderosa B. & McD. Type, $ Cartwright, Man. Phasiane ponderosa B. & McD. Type, 9 Calgary, Alta. P. ponderosa form demaculata B. & McD. Type, $ Calgary, Alta. Itame extemporata B. & McD. Type, $ Havilah, Calif. A. anticaria fumata B. & McD. Type, $ Kaslo, B. C. Aethaloptera anticaria Wlk. $ New Brighton, Pa. Plate XXII I v *h - v&» m *.■/. 2. •■* ,-*# I v t*>^4f life-? wi , i^* \w. S V * / S \ > # : .' 5» Jty> # /o // /Z. 278 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. PLATE XXIV Itame coortaria Hist. $ Eureka, Utah. I. coortaria enigmata B. & McD. Type, $ Illinois. Itame umbriferata Hist. $ Siskiyou Co., Calif. Itame umbriferata Hist. $ Siskiyou Co., Calif. Itame confederata B. & McD. Type, $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Itame confederata B. & McD. Type, $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Itame plumosata B. & McD. Paratype, $ Provo, Utah. Itame plumosata B. & McD. Paratype, 2 Provo, Utah. I. graphidaria sobriaria B. & McD. Type, $ Redington, Ariz. Itame graphidaria Hist. $ Brownsville, Tex. Plate XXIV ' i V i . "•' a"' -"#»<* fi /O 280 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. PLATE XXV Cleora satis facta B. & McD. Type, $ Kaslo, B. C. Cleora satisfacta B. & McD. Type, 2 Kaslo, B. C. Cleora profanata B. & McD. Type, $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Cleora anellula B. & McD. Type, $ Jemez Spgs., N. M. Cleora vernata B. & McD. Type, $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Cleora sanctissima B. & McD. Type, $ S. Bernardino, Calif. Cleora clivinaria Gn. $ S. Bernardino, Calif. Monroa quinquelinearia Pack. $ Stockton, Utah. Monroa interpunctata B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz. Cleora ocularia B. & McD. Type $ Placer Co., Calif. Plate XXV *< 3 ^ ' i^V -c> \Ji* '-'^ l* '■■ N\. ©x {&j& ^^m 282 PLATE XXVI Fig. 1. Phaeoura mexicanaria Grt. $ Pinewood, Colo. Fig. 2. A. cognataria fortitaria B. & McD. Paratype, $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 3. Phaeoura triaria B. & McD. Type, $ Redington, Ariz. Fig. 4. Phaeoura perfidaria B. & McD. Type, $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 5. Phaeoura perfidaria B. & McD. Type 9 Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 6. A. cognataria form, swettaria Type, $ New Brighton, Pa. Plate XXV] 284 PLATE XXVII Fig. 1. Sicya macular ia Harris $ Hymers, Ont. Fig. 2. Sicya macularia Harris 9 New Brighton, Pa. Fig. 3. S. macularia agyllaria Wlk. $ Calgary, Alta. Fig. 4. S. macularia crocearia Pack. $ Vancouver Is., B. C. Fig. 5. S. macularia crocearia Pack. 9 Vancouver Is., B. C. Fig. 6. S. macularia agyllaria Wlk. 9 Calgary, Alta. Fig. 7. S. macularia lewisi Swett $ S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Fig. 8. S. macularia lewisi Swett 9 S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Fig. 9. S. macularia crocearia Pack. $ Stockton, Utah. Fig. 10. S. macularia laetula B. & McD. Paratype, $ S. Diego, Calif. Fig. 11. Sicya pergilvaria B. & McD. Paratype, $ S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Fig. 12. Sicya pergilvaria B. & McD. Paratype, 9 S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Fig. 13. Epiplatymetra lentifluata B. & McD. Type, $ S. Arizona. Fig. 14. Epiplatymetra coloradaria G. & R. $ Durango, Colo. Plate XXVII 286 PLATE XXVIII Fig. 1. Ellopia jacularia B. &McD. Type, $ Jemez Spgs., N. M. Fig. 2. Ellopia turbataria B. & McD. Type, $ New Brighton, Pa. Fig. 3. Ellopia turbataria B. &McD. Paratype, ? New Brighton, Pa. Fig. 4. Sabulodes sericeata B. &McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz. Fig. 5. D. hulsti carneolata B. & McD. Type, $ Redington, Ariz. Fig. 6. D. hulsti carneolata B. & McD. Type, $ S. Catalina Mts., Ariz. Fig. 7. M. excelsa olivata B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz. Fig. 8. M. excelsa olivata B. & McD. Type, $ Paradise, Ariz. Fig. 9. S. jubararia sericeata B. & McD. Type $ Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Plate XXVIII V.- xHv iL ¥■■- I • i s IRf- V, . A- . 2_^ » « i -• 3' ■P* jS H £**,-. ' « |L gplf P^^IH m t M 7 ? 290 PLATE XXX Fig. 1. Genitalia of $ D. truncata mulleolata Hist. Ketchikan, Alaska. Fig. 2. Genitalia of $ D. citrata L. Ketchikan, Alaska. Fig. 3. Genitalia of $ Monroa inter punctata B. & McD. Chiricahua Mts. Ariz. Fig. 4. Genitalia of $ Monroa quinquelinearia Pack. Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Fig. 5. Genitalia of $ Cleora sanctissima B. & McD. Loma Linda, Calif. Fig. 6. Genitalia of $ Cleora profanata B. & McD. Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Plate XXX I ^,: 292 PLATE XXXI Fig. 1. Genitalia of <5 Fig. 2. Genitalia of $ Fig. 3. Genitalia of 3 Fig. 4. Genitalia of $ Fig. 5. Genitalia of 6 Fig. 6. Genitalia of S Cleora anellula B. & McD. Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Clcora vernata B. & McD. Glenwood Spgs., Colo. Sicya macularia Harris Hymers, Ont. 5\ macularia agyllaria Wlk. Calgary, Alta. S. macularia lewisi Swett S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Sicya pergilvaria B. & McD. S. Bern. Mts., Calif. Plate XXXI 294 PLATE XXXII Fig. 1. Genitalia of $ Fig. 2. Genitalia of 6 Fig. 3. Genitalia of $ Fig. 4. Genitalia of 6 Fig. 5. Genitalia of S Ellopia vitraria Grt. Colorado Spgs., Colo. Ellopia jacularia B. & McD. Jemez Spgs., N. M. Ellopia flagitiaria Gn. Ellopia turbataria B. & McD. New Brighton, Pa. Metarrhanthis obfirmaria Hbn. Clarendon, N. J. Plate XXXII 296 PLATE XXXIII Fig. 1. Genitalia of $ Metarrhanthis warneri Harv. Cartwright, Man. Fig. 2. Genitalia of $ Metarrhanthis septentrionaria B. & McD. Chicago, 111. Fig. 3. Genitalia of $ Metarrhanthis angularia B. & McD. Decatur, 111. Fig. 4. Genitalia of $ Metarrhanthis duaria Gn. Aweme, Man. Plate XXXIII INDEX Page abdominaria B. & McD. 218 agyllaria Wlk 250 albicostella Grossb 222 albovittata Gn 225 altruaria Pears 249 andromedana B. & McD 223 anellula B. & McD 242 angularia B. & McD 258 anoa Dyar 217 anticaria Wlk 245 apicata B. & McD 224 approximaria Dyar 248 approximella Wlk 222 associaria B. & McD 219 atrifascialis Hist 220 aucillaria Stkr 220 aurata Grt 231 battoides Behr 213 benesignata B. & McD 226 bernardino B. & McD 213 bipectinata B. & McD 225 bitactata Wlk 239 calipusaria Wlk 250 carneolata B. & McD 233 catachloa Hist 217 centralis B. & McD 215 citrata Fabr 227 clivinaria Gn 241 cognataria Gn 246 coloradaria G. & R 260 comptoniella Hist 221 conf ederata B. & McD 237 coortaria Hist 236 crataegella B. & McD 222 crocearia Pack 251 davisi Grossb 219 demaculata B. & McD 235 discerpta Wlk 217 dislocaria Pack 234 dryadella Hist 222 duaria Gn 255 enigmata B. & McD. ... 236 enoptes Bdv 215 Page epigenata B. & McD 238 esperanza B. & McD 239 eudoriella Rag 222 excelsa Stkr 260 extemporata B. & McD 236 extremaria Wlk 218 ferrugata CI 230 fervidaria Hbn 254 fiscellaria Gn 255 fortitaria B. & McD 246 fulliola B. & McD 233 fumata B. & McD 245 georgii Hist 226 glaucata B. & McD 259 glaucomarginaria B. & McD. . . 224 glaucon Edw 215 graphidaria Hist 239 gratulata Wlk 232 grossbecki B. & McD 221 hamaria Gn 256 hulsti Dyar 233 illustrata B. & McD 230 incarnata B. & McD 240 inclusaria Wlk 217 indigenella Zell 220 infumata B. & McD. (Xantho- rhoe) 230 infumata B. & McD. (Zeno- phleps) 232 intermedia B. & McD 214 intermediaria B. & McD 248 interpunctata B. & McD 240 jacularia B. & McD 254 jubararia Hist 260 kentaria G. & R 259 kuetzingaria Pack 249 laetula B. & McD 253 latens B. & McD 227 latialbata B. & McD 232 lentifluata B. & McD 260 lewisi Swett 251 lixaria Gn 217 macularia Harris 250 Page maculifascia Hist 220 magnoliata Gn 231 malefactaria B. & McD 234 mexicanaria Hist 246 mulleolata Hist 228 myricella B. & McD 221 nebulella Riley 220 nigrescaria Hist 249 nymphaeella Hist 222 obfirmaria Hbn 259 obliqua Wlk 217 obscurata Hist 232 ochrofuscaria Swett 230 ocularia B. & McD 245 olivata B. & McD 260 oregonensis B. & McD 214 packardaria Moesch 238 perfidaria B. & McD 247 pergilvaria B. & McD 253 pernotata Hist 231 phlogosaria Gn 248 planatella Grossb 222 plebeculata Gn 232 plumosata B. & McD 237 ponderosa B. & McD 234 pravella Grt 221 profanata B. & McD 242 pultaria Gn 254 punctivena Sm 217 purpuraria Pears 249 quadripunctata Pack 231 quinquelinearia Pack 240 rita B. & McD 215 robustella Zell 220 rosaochreana Kft 223 rubrolinearia Pack 218 rubromarginaria Pack 218 rufinans Gn 217 Page ruptata B. & McD 231 rusticaria B. & McD 244 sanctissima B. & McD 241 satisfacta B. & McD 244 scitata Wlk 254 semiobscurella Hist 221 septemberata B. & McD 235 septentrionaria B. & McD 257 sericeata B. & McD. (Sabulodes) 261 sericeata B. & McD. (Synaxis) 260 serrataria B. & McD 226 slossoni Hist 220 sobriaria B. & McD 239 solfataria Gn 250 spaldingi B. & McD 216 speciosa Hist 236 suavata Hist 219 subfuscella Rag 221 sublimaria Gn 250 suspectata Moesch 227 swettaria B. & McD 246 tenuifasciata B. & McD 225 topazata Stkr 224 traversata Kell 227 triaria B. & McD 247 triviata B. & McD 233 truncata Hufn 227 truncataria Gn 250 turbataria B. & McD 255 umbriferata Hist 237 verecuntella Grossb 222 vernata B. & McD 243 viridirufaria Neum.. 240 vitraria Grt 254 vivida B. & McD 232 walkerata Pears 228 warneri Harv 258 watsoni B. & McD 220 xylina Hist 226