UMASS/AMHERST 315DbbDDSaDS575 o^-W4^^ i863* DATE DUE 1 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY S 73 E42 no, 22-60 1922-31 3Hi JO Aavaan CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 22 DECEMBER, 1922 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRH(EA 1921-1922 By G. E. Gage and O. S. Flint The elimination of bacillary white diarrhoea depends on two factors: first, the finding of infected birds in the breeding flock, through the application of a blood serum test; and secondly, the removal of these birds from the breeding flock and the protection of the growing flock from infection. Because of the fact that one without the other is comparatively useless, the Department of Veterinary Science is now requiring that those receiving service under the poultry disease elimination law agree to take certain steps in clearing their flocks of reacting birds, and likewise agree to observe certain simple precautions in keeping their growing flocks free from infection. These conditions are explained in this bulletin, and, in addition, report is given of the operations under the law for the year ending Aug. 31, 1922. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. .,:<^ .<^ \ Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. r^l3Sco :?^ CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHCEA, 1921-1922. BY G. E. GAGE AND O. S. FLIXT. NATURE OF BACTERIUM PULLORUM INFECTION. It has been conclusively proved that white diarrhoea is an ovarian infection. Chicks which survive frequently become permanent bacillus carriers, with the ovar}- the important seat of infection. Eggs from such (Carriers often harbor the disease organism in the yolk, and chicks that develop in infected eggs may in turn become in- fected and have the disease at time of hatching. The organism of the disease may be transmitted to normal chicks through infected droppings, thus producing an epidemic, and completing the cycle of infection. Since it has been definitely proved that Bacterium pulloruyn is the causative factor in this disease, and that eggs may gain infection from infected ovaries, the infected individual must be sought and eliminated from the breeding flock. This is the only real basis for improvement. The macroscopic agglutination test has aided in this direction, and the results of our control tests to-day depend upon the application of it to the work of epidemiology in the field. The test itself depends on the principle that in the blood serum of infected hens is a substance produced as a reaction against Bacterium pullorttm, the organism causing bacillary white diarrhoea, known as an agglutinin. Under laboratory manipulation this agglutinin causes the bacteria of bacillary white diarrhoea to clump together and precipitate in the bottom of the test tube as rolled up or clumped masses of the organism. This process is known as ag- glutination. This agglutination reaction may be seen with the unaided eye; hence, the whole process is known as the "macroscopic agglutination test," in order to differ- entiate it from those other agglutination tests in which the microscope must be used to see the agglutination. When, after proper laboratory manipulation, no agglutinin is found in the blood, the bird is considered free from the infection of bacillary white diarrhoea. CM CO SERVICE RENDERED UNDER THE POULTRY DISEASE ELIMI- NATION LAW FOR THE SEASON ENDING AUG. 31, 1922. During the season 1921-22, 29,875 breeding birds have been examined for bacillary white diarrhoea by the macroscopic aggkitination test. The following tables show the geographical distribution of the infection as determined by 1921-22 testing work and the distribution of infection among various breeds, together with tlie classification of the sizes of the flocks tested, and the number of flocks having certain limits of in- fection : • — Table I. Geographical Distribution of the Various Breeds tested during 1921-22. COUNTT. Rhode Island Reds. White Rocks. Barred Rocks. White Leg- horns. White Wyan- dottes. Miscel- laneous. Total. Plymouth Essex Middlesex Worcester Norfolk . Bristol Frankhn . Hampshire Hampden 3,686 111 2,861 2.936 1,386 1,306 150 36 880 110 237 238 682 890 12 107 1,364 1,023 264 914 43 4,864 60 572 265 180 139 193 1,820 427 38 727 452 285 53 477 88 6,796 5,085 4,826 4,294 3,888 3,855 627 397 107 12,471 3,156 3,608 5,941 2,617 2,082 29,875 Table II. Geographical Distribution of the Infection as determined by the 1921-22 Testing Work. County. Number. Reactors. Per Cent. Plymouth ^ . 6,796 623 9.1 Essex . 5,085 266 5.2 Middlesex 4,826 542 11.2 Worcester . 4,294 829 19.0 Norfolk . 3,888 927 23.8 Bristol 3,855 577 15.0 Franklin 627 19 3.0 Hampshire 397 7 1.7 Hampden . 107 0 0.0 29,875 3,790 12.65 Table III. Distribution of Infection among Various Breeds. Number. Reactors. Per Cent. Rhode Island Reds 12,471 1,499 12.0 White Rocks 3,156 436 13.8 Barred Rocks 3,608 509 14.1 White Leghorns 5,941 456 7.6 White Wyandottes 2,617 693 26.4 Miscellaneous 2,082 197 9.4 29,875 3,790 12.65 Table IV. Classification of the Sizes of Flocks tested. Breed. 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 150. 151 to 200. 201 to 250. 251 to 300. 301 to 400. 401 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. Total. Rhode Island Reds White Rocks Barred Rocks White Leghorns White Wyandottes Miscellaneous 3 2 3 2 2 1 16 3 1 3 2 6 9 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 5 1 7 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 1 49 16 17 9 8 11 13 31 16 7 7 14 6 3 9 4 110 Table V. Number of Flocks having Certain Limits of Infection. Degree of Infection. No infection 1- 5 per cent 6-10 per cent 11-15 per cent 16-20 per cent 21-25 per cent Number of Flocks. Degree of Infection. 26-30 per cent 31-35 per cent 36-40 per cent 41-50 per cent 51-60 per cent More than 60 per cent Number of Flocks. REDUCING INFECTION. The number of cases of bacillary white diarrho'a is being reduced each year. From a review of the data obtained during the past year, there are indications of improve- ment among the breeding fiocks in the State as a result of the testing work. Of the 110 flocks tested during 1921-22, 27 were found to be free from bacillary white diarrhoea. It is not easy to rid flocks of this disease, especially if the original infection is great. It can be seen from Table VI that the infection maj^ be eliminated by testing the original birds, the progeny, and the progeny of the progeny; which means that elimination is possible onl}^ after a series of tests. Table VI. Reduction of Percentage Infection as determined by Testing Work on 18 Different Flocks, 1919-21. Flock Number. Infection in Original Flock (Percent). Infection in Progeny (Percent). Infection in Progeny of Prog- eny (Per Cent). Flock Number. Infection in Original Flock (Percent). Infection in Progeny (Percent). Infection in Progeny of Prog- eny (Per Cent). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 2 0 16 5 4 12 4 32 11 0 0 7 0 3 4 21 6 0 0 1 0 4 2 6.4 10 ... 11 ... 12 ... 13 ... 14 ... 15 ... 16 . . . 17 ... 18 ... 0 3 31 17 25 0 4.9 7.6 6.3 12.5 8.7 IS 0 0.3 5 1.7 0 0 _i _i -1 _i 4 _i ' In this case the original flock was not tested until 1920; yet been made. hence, the test on the progeny of progeny has not PLANS FOR THE COMING YEAR. Plainly, the poultry disease elimination law requires such form of organization as will insure the elimination of certain diseases from the poultry flocks of the State. With the beginning of the 1922-23 season, service under this law will be given only on condition that the recipients of the service agree to comply with certain rules and regulations designed to further the work of elimination. The requirements have been formulated to correlate the scientific laboratory work with practical phases of the problem as it is found in the field. Each poultrjTTian recei\'ing the services of the Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agri- cultural Experiment Station in performing the agglutination test is requested to co- operate in eliminating bacillary white diarrhoea from his breeding flocks, and ulti- mately from his poultry plant, by adopting one of the following plans for testing, and by observing the precautions listed under "Control Measures." Testing Plan No. 1. — Tests on Birds One Year of Age or Older. A flock of hens is to be considered free from infection when reactors do not exist in the breeding flock after the following plan has been carried out: — (a) First test at the age of one year or older. (b) Second test on non-reactors, six to twelve months later. By this plan, each adult in the breeding flock will have been tested twice. Testing Plan No. 2. — Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infeclion when it is the product of a flock which has already been tested twice, and when on test it contains no reactors. Three tests are thus required, as follows: — (a) Original test when the birds are eight to twelve months old. (b) Non-reactors tested again six to twelve months later. (c) Third test made on the offspring of the birds already tested twice. Testing Plan No. 3. — Alternate Plan for Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when produced as per the following plan, and when, on the last of the following tests, no reactors are found to exist. The procedure is as follows: — (a) Original test when birds are eight to twelve months old. (b) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. (c) Offspring of the above flock tested as pullets. (d) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. In other words, the test is applied to pullets and their offspring. By this plan each bird is tested twice before being bred. Note. — It is mutually understood that pullets are eligible for testing two months after the flock has attained a 20 per cent egg production. Male birds may be used for breeders if tested once and found non-reacting. Control Measures. A. All breeding birds, male or female, to be leg-banded with bands furnished at cost by the Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. B. All birds showing a positive agglutination reaction to be removed from the breeding flock. Reacting birds to be disposed of if possible ; but if it is foimd necessary to keep them as egg producers, they are to be kept under strict quarantine. C. Male birds not to be housed during the breeding season with other than breeding stock. D. New stock brought on the place, whether adults, day-old chicks, or hatching eggs, to come from stock shown to be free from bacillary white diarrhoea, as determined by the aggluti- nation test. Note. — The Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station does not issue certificates of any kind or enter any agreement to guarantee flocks. It will, however, co-operate with poultry associations or groups of poultrymen who may wish to issue certificates of merit or accredit their own flocks. CONCLUSIONS. Data submitted for the 1921-22 season show that more ser\dce has been given under the law than has heretofore been possible. More poultrymen than ever before have become interested in the elimination work. At the end of this season, but including the work of two previous years, 77 poultry plants in Massachusetts have been found free from bacillary white diarrha?a infection. During the season of 1919-20 there were seven flocks of Rhode Island Reds free from infection, three flocks of White Rocks, one flock of Barred Rocks, three flocks of ^^^lite Leghorns, six flocks of White Wyandottes, and four flocks of miscellaneous breeds. In 1920-21, by testing and elimination of reactors, there were added to the list of flocks free from bacillaiy white diarrhoea nine flocks of Rhode Island Reds, three flocks of White Rocks, three flocks of Barred Rocks, six flocks of White Leghorns, seven flocks of White Wyandottes and seven flocks of miscellaneous breeds. Each j'ear there are found either new flocks free from this infection or flocks that have been made free by testing. During the period reported in this bulletin, eight flocks having heavy infection in past years have been freed from infection, the reactors being located by an examination of the blood for the specific agglutinins of Bacterium pullorv7n, and eliminated from the breeding flock. A series of tests, however, has been necessary before the desired result was obtained. In this season twenty-three flocks representing different breeds were added to the list of flocks free from bacillary white diarrhoea. A change in the rules and regulations under which service is given will correlate much more closel.v the field and laboratory service, and will aid materially in furthering the purpose of the law in question, which is to eliminate from the breeding flocks of the State the infection of bacillary white diarrhoea. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 23 SEPTEMBER, 1923 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRH(EA 1922-1923 By G. E. Gage and O. S. Flint The control work of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station with reference to the elimination of bacillary white diar- rhoea of poultry is now centered around the attempt to establish ** disease-free flocks" from which day-old chicks and hatching eggs may be obtained. The results of the work completed in the testing season ending July 1, 1923, together with the evidence of improve- ment brought to the poultry industry of Massachusetts, through the effective use of the macroscopic agglutination test as a con- trolling agent, are set forth in this bulletin. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL PATHOLOGY. CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHCEA, 1922-1923. BY G. E. GAGE AND O. S. FLINT. NATURE OF BACTERIUM PULLORUM INFECTION. The scientific results of the work of the last few years have proven bej^ond a doubt that the nature of bacillary white diarrhoea is infectious. Bacterium puUonwi is the causative agent. It is well known that chicks which survive the infection may become permanent carriers, with the ovary as the important seat of infection. An epidemic may be produced by the organism of the disease being transmitted to normal chicks through infective droppings. These infective droppings come from chicks hatched from eggs, the yolks of which are infected. Yolks of eggs thus contaminated with Bad. pullorum are from diseased ovaries of hens, thus establishing them as dis- ease carriers; and chicks that develop in these infected eggs may in turn become in- fected and have the disease at time of hatching. The problem is to locate the disease carriers and eliminate them from the breeding flock. To locate such carriers in any breeding flock, it is essential to find proof of the infection. This is accomplished either by finding the organism Bacterium pullorum itself, or evidence of antibodies (agglutinins) elaborated in the blood of the infected hen. The macroscopic agglutination test is our most expeditious method for making this determination, and the application of it, as a means of identifying the carriers, has aided greatly in controlling the disease. The macroscopic agglutination test is based on the principle that in the blood serum of infected hens a substance is produced as a reaction against Bacterium pullorum, the organism causing bacillary white diarrhoea, known as an agglutinin. Under lab- oratory manipulation this agglutinin causes the bacteria of bacillary white diarrhoea to clump together and precipitate in the bottom of the test tube, as rolled up or clumped masses of the organism. This process is known as agglutination. This agglutination reaction may be seen with the unaided eye; hence the whole process is known as the "macroscopic agglutination test," in order to differentiate it from those other agglutination tests in which the microscope must be used to see the ag- glutination. When, after proper laboratory manipulation, no agglutinin is found in the blood, the bird is considered free from the infection of bacillary white diarrhoea, SERVICE RENDERED UNDER THE POULTRY DISEASE ELIMINATION LAW FOR THE SEASON ENDING AUG. 1, 1923. During the present season, 1922-1923, 33,602 breeding birds have been examined for bacillary white diarrhoea by the macroscopic agglutination test. The following tables show the geographical distribution according to breeds, where the reactors are located in Massachusetts, and the amount of infection among the various breeds tested, a classification of the sizes of the flocks tested, and the number of flocks having certain limits of infection. Table I. — Distribution by Counties of the Various Breeds tested during 1922-23. County. Rhode Island Reds. White Rocks. Barred Rocks. White horns. White Wyan- dottes. Brah- mas. Buff Orping- tons. Rhode Island Whites. Miscel- laneous. Total. Barnstable Berkshire . Bristol Dukes Essex . Franklin . Hampden . Hampshire Middlesex . Norfolk . Plymouth . Worcester . ' 2,540 549 86 222 44 883 2,789 1,47.3 4,023 5,266 201 357 144 637 611 4,100 844 608 37 1,110 645 806 556 501 17 50 634 610 1,415 214 184 100 170 558 166 346 86 20 201 214 4,331 895 587 222 342 933 5,506 2,642 9,378 8,351 17,875 6,894 3,206 3,783 1,226 166 346 86 20 33,602 Table II. Distribution of the Infection by Counties, as Determined by the 1922-23 Testing Work. Reactors. County. Number Tested. Number. Per Cent. Barnstable 201 41 20.39 Berkshire 214 17 7.94 Bristol 4,331 269 6.21 Dukes 895 138 15.41 Essex 587 62 10.56 Franklin 222 0 0.0 Hampden 342 37 10.81 Hampshire 933 108 11.57 Middlesex 5,506 296 5.37 Norfolk 2,642 102 3.86 Plymouth 9,378 775 8.26 Worcester 8,351 709 8.49 33,602 2,554 7.60 I .; Table III. — Distribution of Infection among Various Breeds. Breed. Number Tested. Reactors. Number. Per Cent. Rhode Island Reds White Rocks White Leghorns Barred Rocks White Wyandottes Miscellaneous 17,875 6,894 3,783 3,206 1,226 618 1,237 783 220 147 94 73 6.92 11.35 5.82 4.55 7.67 11.81 33,602 2,554 7.60 Table IV. — Classification of the Sizes of Flocks Tested. Breed. 50. 51 to 100. 101 to 150. 151 to 200. 201 to 250. 251 to 300. 301 to 400. 401 to 500. 501 to 1,000. Over 1,000. Total. Rhode Island Reds White Rocks White Leghorns . Barred Rocks White Wyandottes Miscellaneous 6 3 3 1 7 7 2 1 1 8 3 2 1 1 9 4 1 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 4 1 1 3 6 4 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 2 2 1 3 55 28 14 13 6 5 13 18 17 16 12 6 15 3 18 3 121 Table V. — Number of Flocks having Certain Limits of Infection. Degree of Infection. Number of Flocks. Degree of Infection. Number of Flocks. No infection 1-5 per cent &-10 per cent 11-15 per cent 16-20 per cent 21-25 per cent 29 41 21 6 6 6 26-30 per cent 31-35 per cent 36-40 per cent 41-50 per cent 51-60 per cent More than 60 per cent .... 5 2 3 1 0 1 PLAN OF OPERATIONS. The great problems of elimination can be solved only by bringing the scientists and poultrymen together to study this problem as a public health procedure. It is the study of an epidemic. Its solution, therefore, calls for two things: (1) scientific knowledge, and (2) action for sanitation and control on the part of the poultrymen. At the present time poultry pathology is long on the one and short on the other. The application of scientific principles in the detection of this infectious disease among poultry is well done, because the Experiment Station laboratories, technicians and equipment are used economically and efficiently. To effect results in elimination, however, the poultryman must have a thorough understanding of what he must do to free his flocks of this disease. The first step is teaching every poultryman what a health program for poultry means, and giving to him, before he starts his testing work, information as to the broad principles underlying the problem. The second is to set up effective machinery, through county or state organizations, under the direction of scientific experts, which will educate concerning obligations and opportunities for poultrymen to free their flocks from transmissible diseases and in this way add ma- terially to the conservation of the food supply of Massachusetts. It is therefore with this broad epidemiological vision in mind of bringing the scientific laboratory and the practical poultryman together, each doing his part, that the Experiment Station is asking more of the poultrymen than heretofore. Continuing thp testing plans of this present year in the service for the 1923-1924 season, each poultryman receiving the services of the Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, in performing the agglutination test, is requested to co-operate in eliminating bacillary white diarrhoea from his breeding flocks, and ultimately from his poultry plant, by adopting one of the following plans for testing, and by observing the precautions listed under "Control Measures." Testing Plan No. 1. — Tests on Birds One Year of Age or Older. A flock of hens is to be considered free from infection when reactors do not exist in the breed- ing flock after the following plan has been carried out: — (a) First test at the age of one year or older. (b) Second test on non-reactors, six to twelve months later. By this plan, each adult in the breeding flock will have been tested twice. Testing Plan No. 2. — Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when it is the product of a flock which has already been tested twice, and when on test it contains no reactors. Three tests are thus required, as follows: — (a) Original test when the birds are eight to twelve months old. (b) Non-reactors tested again six to twelve months later. (c) Third test made on the offspring of the birds already tested twice. Testing Plan No. 3. — Alternate Plan for Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when produced as per the following plan, and when, on the last of the following tests, no reactors are- found to exist. The procedure is as follows : — (a) Original test when birds are eight to twelve months old. (b) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. (c) Offspring of the above flock tested as pullets. (d) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. In other words, the test is applied to pullets and their offspring. By this plan each bird is tested twice before being bred. laiien to the scientific workers. Our active workers interested in this great epidemiological endeavor would unite the interests and ultimate forces of both the poultrjanen and science in this great field of need for service. During the present year the department has made 33,602 agglutination tests on the blood of breeding birds in Massachusetts, which indicate in this State the wide field for effort. This may represent one-third of the birds which should be tested and does represent the urgent need. By the test a damaged mature breeding bird is located, and by being eliminated from the breeding flock, the step to an impaired day-old chick is intercepted. The expert in charge of a program for elimination of bacillary white diarrhoea sees as a result of neglect to locate the infection a diseased chickhood followed later by all the complications of the previous year. Finally, he understands that when science has gained control to a sufficient degree over the dis- ease conditions, then it is time for him to consider the larger opportunity for service, — the service that relates not to a few poultrymen, but to the larger poultry hus- bandry population which is seeking clean stock, be it breecUng hens, eggs for hatching, or day-old chicks. During the year, as far as it has been possible, this department has endeavored to follow the ideas as just noted, and as a result of this constant correlation of labora- tory and field study, twenty-nine poultry plants in Massachusetts have been found free from bacillary white diarrhoea. The hatchabihty of the eggs has greatly improved. Previous to testing and before control measures were followed, by locating and elim- inating disease carriers, all of these poultry plants suffered great losses. After a series of tests had indicated that there were no reactors in these twenty- nme flocks, this department sought to find where eggs had been sold for hatching, so that a record could be made of the value of the test as a means of producing disease- free flocks from which clean stock could be procured. Data have been obtained by personal visits and by correspondence. The reports thus far received have been most striking. On one of the large farms where the breeding birds were infected with Bad. pullorum, it had become almost impossible to rear even a small percentage of the chicks hatched. Testing was begun in 1919, and the agglutination test revealed 27.5 per cent of the birds in the breeding pen infected. In 1920 another test was run and the percentage of infection dropped to 20 per cent. The progeny of this flock was tested in 1921 and only 6.5 per cent were found infected. During the present season, 1922-1923, the breeding flock was found to be free from birds which could be classed as carriers. This flock being established as a disease-free flock, records were obtained from all persons receiving eggs for hatching from this flock. Results were gratifying. From 1,110 tested breeding birds, 11,600 eggs were incubated and 8,700 chicks hatched, 92.9 per cent of which were reared. This is considerably better than in 1919, when less than 15 per cent matured, the deaths in the first few days after hatching being due to infection with Bacterium pidlorum. The accompanying plate shows the livability of chicks furnished to other poultry plants from this disease- free flock. HOC CHICKS. ' »7» UVrNC ♦ _ '* » ^ ^ }00 CHICKS r\ ^ t'i'l. LIVING % ^ » » ' Plate I. — Livability of Chicks Furnished to Other Pjultry Plants from this Disease-Free Flock. Q cq o ►a < •(■iaao J9J) OOOO-^d-^t^-^CSOOOOOO 03 00 00 O^ 00 C3 02 C3 ^ C^ O Od C3 03 o 05 •(jaqmn^) PIGS S 5[ 0 I q 0 6,000 2,359 3,450 4,775 3,264 3,040 1,275 925 300 200 50 150 500 1,300 OO 00 CO •(^nao jaj') paiBaj s^otqQ O O O * O O ■ - - 1 ■■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oooco oo«o TO OO •(jaqranjvj) PIGS sJiaiqo OOOOJCO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO «0 O CO ,-1 c^ o ■(^uao jaj) paiEaj SJfOiqQ oooooooooooooo CT> •(laqmn^) pjos s i[ 0 I q Q 500 150 200 950 400 600 450 150 300 200 50 150 500 1,300 o <6 o •(■^nao jaj) pajBaa sjjoiqo ^ooooooo , , , , , ■*t^OO^tOOOOiO O t"^ OO C^ CO OO O o OO g •(jaqran|,j) pps SJioiqo oooocooioira 1 1 1 1 1 1 iOOlOlOt^'*I^t>- COrt CM rt ■* Pi o TO pajBai s^oiqo 95.0 92.0 90.0 86.0 87.2 95.0 80.0 94.0 o •(jaqxnn>j) PIGS s 51 0 I q 0 O^OiCTOOOO 1 1 1 1 1 1 iooooo-i— •omo rt TO to C0_0 t- o z Ph l^ ■(^uao jaj) pajBai s^ioiqo OOOlO '' 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 ooiraooos TO •(jaqmn^) PIGS s Ji a I q 0 OOOOI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] o Pi i ■(^uao jaj) pajBaj sjjoiqQ O O O ■ •• 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O to »* 1^ 03 ■<*< •(jaqrainjy[) PIGS SJtotqo 0>00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 coS>0 a Ph i •(^nao jaj;) paj-eaj s:>ioiq3 =!*l °° , 1 . 1 1 , 1 1 . 1 to •(jaqranj^) PIGS s Jt 0 I q o OOOOIIIIIIIIIi OO OiO OTOTO— ■ 1 Ph o ■(c^^ao jaj) pajBaJC si[a!q3 97.0 95.0 95.7 93.0 80.0 89.5 98.5 05 •(aaqmnjsj) pjGS s :!| 0 I q 3 2,500 300 500 2,800 1,000 1,000 600 o Number of birds tested . p pq O— 'IMTOtII ,-tCJCC^»OCOt^00O5^H^,-l^r-f 66666666666666 3 CONSECUTIVE, YEAR-TO-YEAR TESTING ESSENTIAL. The experience of the last five years has indicated that poultrymen requesting service in bacillary white diarrhoea eUmination must test their breeding birds con- secutively until no reactors are found in the breeding flocks. Many are of the opinion that testing once will produce the magic which renders the flock free. This is usually not the case. In one case where 1,172 breeding birds were tested in 1919-20, 3.6 per cent were found to be infected. The following year 1,580 of the progeny were tested and the infection was practically negligible. There was, however, sufficient infection to classify this flock as not free from bacillary white diarrhoea. The following season, 1921-22, the flock was not tested to locate the last signs of the infection; instead birds were bought in from the outside, and this 1922-23 season when the birds were tested, instead of a disease-free flock the infection was greater than before testing was started. This happens over and over again when close co-operation does not exist between the scientific worker and the poultrymen. The length of time for the forma- tion of the agglutinins varies with different birds; therefore, consecutive tests should be run until there are positively no reactors, which indicate carriers or infected stock. The following comparative table, from data received this season, illustrates these points : Table VII. — Consecutive versus Haphazard Testing. I. Consecutive Testing Plan — Results Satisfactory. First Year. Second Year. Third Year. Fourth Year. Reduction Flock Number. Number tested. Infection (Per Cent). Number tested. Infection (Per Cent). Number tested. Infection (Per Cent). Number tested. Infection (Per Cent). in Infection (.Per Cent). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 497 221 135 216 227 518 183 379 1,562 51 166 149 78 29 4 12 20 0 8 1.7 3 9 40 20 35 8 577 199 184 106 433 534 200 653 1,714 98 306 244 255 20 3 4 11.7 2.3 5 0 5 10.8 8 13 31 13 1,064 150 122 109 368 675 83 781 1,947 80 226 309 217 6.3 0. 4.1 6.3 5.8 4.6 0. 0. 6. 0. 1. 4. 1. 1,029 222 174 56 530 619 260 0 0 1.7 0 0 1.6 0 29 to 0 4 toO 12 to 1.7 20 to 0 0 to 0 8 to 1.6 1 . 7 to 0 3 toO 9 to 6 40 to 0 20 to 1 35 to 4 8 to 1 To tals 4,380 11.8 5,503 10.0 6,131 4.3 2,890 0.4 11.8 to 2.3 II. Non-consecutive Testing — - Results Unsatisfactory. Flock Number. First Year. Second Year. Third Year. Fourth Year. Increase Number tested. Infection (Per Cent). Number tested. Infection 'Per Cent). Number tested. Infection (Per Cent). Number ested. Infection (Per Cent). in Infection (Per Cent). 1 2 3 213 530 1,172 2 11 3.6 No testing 748 1,580 No testing 2.5 0.3 No testing No testing No testing 307 620 1,401 10 3 14 2 to 10 2.5 to 3 0.3 to 14 Totals . 1,915 5.4 2,328 1.0 - 2,328 10.6 1.1 to 10.6 Tested only three years as yet. 10 REDUCING INFECTION. Table VIII exhibits data showing how infection from Bacterium pullorum may be eHminated b\'- testing the original birds, the progeny, and the progeny of the progeny, which indicates that ehraination is possible only after a series of tests. Table VIII. — Reduclion of Infection, as Determined by Testing Work on Fourteen Dif- ferent Flocks, 1922-1923. Infection in Infection Infection in Flock Number. Original Flock in Progeny Progeny of Progeny (Per Cent). (Percent). (.Per Cent). 1 20 11 6.0 2 28 20 6.4 3 12 4 4.0 4 4 3 0. 5 7.6 5 4.0 6 0.3 5 1.0 7 35 31 4.0 8 40 8 0. 9 8.9 10.8 6.5 10 41 0.4 _* 11 40 9 _* 12 33.6 0 _* 13 34.9 3.0 _* 14 44 28,5 "* * The original flock was not tested until 1922; the te.st on the progeny of progeny has not yet been made. SUMMARY. During the season 1922-1923, 3,727 more breeding birds were tested than in any previous season. More sections of the State were visited and the percentage of infec- tion in the breeding flocks was reduced. More Bacterium puUorum-hee flocks were established, and as a result of the testing work the livability of chicks furnished to poultry farms from bacillary white diarrhoea- free flocks was increased from about 15 to 20 per cent to an average of over 90 per cent. These figures are based on actual returns from bu3'ers, and are therefore significant. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 24 NOVEMBER, 1923 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith and Frank J. Kokoski The feed bill is the heaviest charge levied against the business of the Massachusetts general farmer. It is greater than the bill for labor, far greater than the bill for fertilizer, more significant in many aspects than any other charge against the farm business other than that of the time of the land ovi^ner himself. This fact but emphasizes the importance to the farmer of knowing that the feeds which he buys are as claimed. It is for the purpose of giving this protection that the State, through its Experiment Station, has been carrying on the work of inspection of commercial feedstuffs for the past twenty-seven years. This is the twenty-ninth report of the work, and presents the results of chemical analysis of the feeds collected during the year ending September 1, 1923. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. J. B. LiNDSEY, Cheviist. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS. BY PHILIP H. SMITH AND FRANK J. KOKOSKI, CHEMISTS, AND JAMES T. HOWARD, INSPECTOR, Introduction. Twenty-seven years have elapsed since Maine and Massachusetts enacted the first feeding stuff laws. Very little material was produced or manufactured in this section, the bulk of it being shipped in from the West and South; and adulteration, while not general, was being practiced to such an extent as to make some sort of control desirable. Other states gradually followed until at the present time there are but few states which do not have laws of some sort governing the manufacture and sale of feeding stuffs. In general, feeding stuff laws do not prohibit the sale of any material unless it is without food value or has been proven actually injurious. Such laws require simply that the fullest information be available to the purchaser both as to the chemical composition and the ingredients of which the feed is composed. There is a growing tendency among state feed control officials to make use of the Federal Pure Food and Drugs Act in case feeds enter into interstate commerce. Any state official may be appointed a Federal Inspector and is authorized to draw samples under the provisions of the Federal Act. Such samples are submitted to the proper authorities and when violations are detected prosecution may be entered against the original shipper instead of the local dealer who may be an unintentional violator. The above procedure has been adopted in Massachusetts, particularly with reference to interstate shipments of cottonseed meal. An increase in the number of brands of prepared feeds put out by local dealers under their own name and guarantee has been noted. These are either mixed at the local store or are prepared by some manufacturer who attaches tags furnished by the dealer. Feeds manufactured in a small way have a tendency to be less uni- form in composition than those put out by manufacturers who have the advantage of chemical control of the ingredients used, and of better mixing facilities, and who purchase their material in large volume. The amendment to the feeding stuff act requiring an annual registration fee of twenty dollars a brand has now been in force more than a year, and while it has decreased to some extent the total number of brands registered it has not materially reduced the number put out by local dealers. The College and Experunent Station have been meeting with considerable un- warranted criticism because one or more of its officials, together with those con- nected with other colleges in New England and the Middle States, assisted in formu- lating rations which are being sold by a large organization in competition with the regular trade. There is no legitimate reason why assistance should not have been rendered to the organization in question; in fact, such service is available to any public or private enterprise in the state and many dealers have already availed them- selves of it. If it has been made to appear that the College has acted in other than an advisory capacity, the fault does not lie with the College or its officials. During the year (Sept. 1, 1922 to Sept. 1, 1923) 1,340 samples of feeding stuffs collected of dealers and manufacturers were analyzed and are reported in this bulletin. Three hundred and nineteen dealers located in 190 towns were visited at least once. Nine hundred and fifty-one brands of feedstuffs were registered for sale in Massachu- setts by 247 manufacturers or dealers. In addition four Federal samples of cotton- seed meal were drawn in co-operation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, resulting in the seizure of three cars of cottonseed meal which failed to meet its guarantee in protein. CO CO O oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo OM-rJ^OO-rJ^O-^O-^OO" SO0'«^0^'rfOOOrfOiO CDcO»-OlOiOcc<^3lO■^^~»t-•os^oOl-Hooc4dO'«*"dio^• osoocoococ^coMt>oooioio(N05C^oooait^ccai^Hc >■ < o w OJ t^ C) eg OS osr-ocoocDOOT--co*-t^ooc ■*C0O'<*^0S(M05':CCi 1 d CO (M CC C l(MCCCOC^ieOC000000000000000000 00»OOOiCOOOiOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOiOOO t^cDLOcDcDfcOOiO'^OiOCOOUSiO&OICiOiCeOCOtCCOUSiACOCOeOtOeOtO ooc^osocO'^eowsc^'— i»-H*-i'tj'io»-«cocOGor*co»ocoii3c^Oicooioc^-^ -!Ot^cDOIr*tD«000t^«O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOOOOOOOO '-•OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOOOCDOOOO *--eo':Ot--«cocoeo':ococD«— icccocDeo<^»— 'OOi— •ecO'—iocoecpO'— 'cocotD '*Tt-c»ict^^-0>C tCOcOi— "lOOsOlO I>-O'-H00<:00C0000O'^»-'t-^CO'-ti0C000Ot*t0tCCq'^C0C00iCOC cDt^00«Ot^^-t*COt^t*00':OcOt-»COl^tO00l>-t^':O00I>O3t^t^- I. c c3 c3 ffi § Skoo ooo -a .H.2 i b tH O SE£ £° o o J2 O g -oc ■J ■ ■ 'CJ'? gg E« X i«i s ^'St; > "rt-s-^-s h oi o o o g a C • -jg 3 ■ o • f3 >i a> t- c o 5< c £-S c ^n o o o o y O 3^^ rt S 3J3 O O^ 3 ■fcO §o^ CCOlCC^Ji-HCDr-l"^C^CO'-H»-H'-4»-Ht>-'<*<'<*C^T-(»-IC-lr-(C<)t-H'-(»-lt-ti— If-lUS ?o t^Cl C*0 t^ OS 0> -^ 00 O OO --e0(M CMCOC^OOOfMOOt— ^CMO^-H'-HCOCO-rtHCO 10^**CO»0"^'^CO'^»0»0'^T*4"^CO-<*<>0 OOOOOO OOOOOO OOiOOOSO CD OCD Oi O lO O lOlO o oo oo oo t-^ en oo ITS CO 6.71 6.16 6.89 7.58 6.46 >0-oO'-- C^ f-H t>- CO t^r-oooot^oo O i-H CO 1-t C-00COt^t*I>-COI>-COcOOa00 CO OS CO CO -^ t 3 CO CO CO CO CO 00 (M 00 00 lO ^:t* CO Oi -^ >0 lO lO -^ lO iO ■»-l OiCOCS(M(MC^COI>-^t-^^Co -It" CO i>- cq CO OOt--OOb--^-et^*Ot~-vO-^»OCO>OcOOO'-*<'^ CO lO lO »0 lO lO lO lO lO »0 lO iO »0 lO to iO »0 lO OOOOOO OOOOOO •O-^cOcOiOcO O O OOO lOOO'^O ^H ,-_, cq .-H CN »-H OCM CO lO 000000000*00000000 »0000»000001>-*00i0i0000 Tt<'^TH»0'^-^'^»OtO-^T}4iO^C0"^-^'^ »0 00 -^OO OOi t» coco b- 00 lO Oi '-t 00 CO O 1— 1 1- !>. cq lO CO cq (M lo 1-1 CO O OS CD lO CO COiO 0iO00»0c00000Cq'-H--0 0005C0OO(M00 OO"rt^OG000.OOcOI>-'-OtOt~- ■oo 00 cq Tt* lo c» t^oooosodt>^ cotoc^i o^ 00 0)03 00 <» lOOO 0'^cocqocqt^03r-ioir^oairt-l S S'5 c3 c3.-."o w o -a o w o . . . 6 M O.S d <« «o . • c3 a o w) ^ B'^ 51 fc. 3 Cl >> Su-, <^UO^-<1 HO « o g 5« ■ HH W oj • ^ 2cB •o o C OO 03 a) fepH .O O tO) o O Ch^ c3 ri fD e tfi-rt o o OO . . o . . . . o o yy M Oo ;-;-. , . o hoO _r:3::2 3 d.S MogS d SO5.HO . .0 •[2 ^S?3 ^f'o'ois ;c3||^yg§g ,5..^i Sl'goo ^ ^ co^-^ o_2 d d o t^ a fl a^S c3 a^ ojelj sp^i-ijis fi^3o^SM-^'S".S.^artfc's = 0a200PQwf^0ffi»:^tjS^;2;S^aH 1" « s> ^ 03-* ^o- 5 A^-^O OSS rn ^ ^ J" a (J bfi O O oPhP-i — d S 5:32 o 00 Moooo:^ S w o 2doW-- 00«Wm •dfci 2 S.S d S^ g-Sio.S ,2 -2, ■SM^£ ■^■B s^ 2 03 9 f!^ coco^faWcoWi-JOH Maj ^S d . rH»OCq^H(M ^H ^^ C^ (M lO^HCD CO^H T-l ^H ^H ^H rH C< an ^ C P ^ ^ H 9. o i4 o 11 OS II OS t^CCCOQOOSO- »C Tt< ■* CO ko to -^ m lO C^ (M -H ^H^^ 00-«4-'**-00O30000cO coco^^.I>. t^OJ'-'COOSC^'^OOt ■-cocoioioco ) O 00U3»Ot-HmcOCO'— i(M «005'— 'OSiOOSCO^ ooooooooo ^, fli o ^ 6 6 :3 c! o o . CSS ;&H 9 ss ^t3 -^ ||o ^5 £ O r* O 3 GJ Q) rf >i ^ JS ^ — -OS o u o ^> Pi 02 I I I I O o Q Pi I I I :h I I 03 ■3 2 < f-l ^ rt « rt -.^ ccco us US oo ooo oo H 8> ,-H,-«C^i-HC>0I~-lO»OC roGOcDooc<2W500S'^i-HW3eoec^t^osc^O'^coicoS"*Tt0'— t ^H eO ^ O C*5 C3 O T^ C>00»OiOOOOOOC'0000000000000'0':DOOOi5000t^OO'^OiC»COOCOCOC0^00005C;t^OOIr^O'^05C^I^-COCDGOI>>OC> OOOOiOiOCOO t^CDcDOOOOOOb-b*OOcO(»QOt»CDCOOOCOir5COOOt>»0003t>-t>.»Ot^t^OOQOOOt--t^iCOO(:OCOt^CO ■Tt^OO o o ^ ^c C^ r-i CO CO O OO - Dcoococr'0oeo0iascc>050oe 3 »0 oo CO <; 50CD^OC^CiOOO-^CCCO-rt*tOO»OkOUti»O»O«^iC»OiO^OiOiC>O»OiO":!iCCO»OiOiOU0iO»OiO»OiO<:OiOtOtQ lOiOiOiOiOiOiOiO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOOOO<300000CJOOOOOiOO 00*OOiOiCOOOiOiOI>-OOOOiOI>-OOiOO»OiO*00»CiOCOO»00*0»0»C«tliOTj<-^-T**CO'Tj<-^-^-^'^'^CC"^'^CO'^Tpr}-OiO>iOOCOCOOOi— ii-H-^1— I00050COCOOOOOOO05OOOOOOOOOOO OOiOt^t-'-OiOOiOOOiOOCDiOOOOOiOOOC'OOC J»00>000i00000 OkO'«**»0»OiO-»t'CO*OcD-*Tf^r^»OCDiOiOiOiO»OcOiOUtp(:D':DO'^iO»0»OCD-^iOcO*0':r5eDcDiO oooooooo OiOOOOiOOO C0-*C0»O>O'r*<'rt4'rH eocooiOOcoiococDh-r-mc 5iOr-03iOt^'— 'OOOi— «C irMCOtO»Ot^>0»OiO'^asi-«0'-<<:OiO jT^OiO'— t'*-*''Tt<-*r^OCOl-^»OCl'*iOOiOCiCOOOC50COCOOTtiCOCM»0»-«t-»0'— • ^cD»OI^^oco»oco^^^'-o^-utl-t^^l:olO^ •-iO.iooooo» 5 O -^ ^ cOiO C ^oooo^-oo1Da> ^-Hlo^*coc^l-Hcoc^dicooiTt^oc^oco•-«c<^as^-0'-^»ooooc-JOiOlW5^cocttcocOTJ^^-.lo<:0"^ coQOt^I>.oscooo^-^^oo^^t^^H^-H^.I>ll-HooQOoocioocooooooooooooooooot-•oooQoco^-oooo ot^'^ooco'Meooi OOCOTt^OiCOOi-* oot^oscot^oot* So as .s.s .2.2 OS aj .^^ Gag 2j3ja pi •oo r°.S > > o-=5 3 O) ra r3 t» = ^ o o-S i C c i^ O b -S o O U^ 3:3 • ■ c .2 M „ -2 .S^ n => G g a;— ."73 2 S . .- :S 3 o S^ g, . . ■o ■ O^ bl) .OS 3 S o o o *^> mPh m— g . r1 fH CJ B g g^ q o o o -QO . bO tJ) eg 3||o O Or: asWo QQW Id) ^Kipi m a) 11^ ^ n^oi:!-*^ ^^ C .^ .bj3 S^ ^ bS, c>^4)oo 5---S "tti c3 M b •.2.-"5 >,? Cm "S e S— o >i'3-^ >, " n-S <^ £ bi'=i» ■{; bO -a ;r30- S=3§oS ^-C g g^S 3 O 8 O Co 32i3 fec^ .2« ^ O • • COM -fe. o>,0 t3 a to O I 'aB o a .go ■^H'^**COC^C^l-^CCl-H^C< S? w Q ? M a. ^ k o P OS O -^ m I +3 ■is g £,>^ § OO '-^ Oi t* Cft «0 (M CO '—tl^ coco GO 0500 0 ■<4-i0t^OOC000 0i(N'*'*t^C0 co<:ocOb»cOcOeOCDeOt>>r*t*-^tOOiOI>-CDiOU3>0-t^kOU3kOCDCOcOcOO ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 00000'^»00000»OOCDC:)00000'^0»COOOC^iOO»0»OOiOO (MCO(MCOt-OOOb-COCO'-HT-(C-CDCOt~^i-H(Mt^COCOa3.-lOS COOi^cOOOO*-iCCC5COCiOOOCDiOiOiO»-H(MCOTt-CQI>-iOt>- CJOi03050'-Hi-i05t*OOOiOseOOi*-*Oi050050005000iOaOOOiOiOS^050aO 3lOcOi-HOiCOt--pO(M-rt0'-'iC'»OOcOOOO»COOOOOO»OkOOOOO»OOW500*OrJ* cO'^coccco'*eocceoeo-«t'-^-*ccTt0000000000000000000000000<=><3 I00i0i0i0i0000u^000000t0000eo»0i0«000000i00»00 iCt~^00OC^O'rt<^H-;}4O>O05O;t CDCDt>.COTt^iO>CC Jirs^*— lOOOi— t^^cTscot^coeocrJcoeoooc^iO :C^!:OCOCDcOI>.iO^OOO^-«»-HGOO'^-C;OOOI>-OCDcD o o a c3 = 0 6 3 MO 2.5 Ml as . • ^ . o o • y-ooo . o §s= ss K >i5 M iJ hj 1-! f O o OS '« o c s ==Sos ^ >; iH t. m — -S 3 3 O ^^1o3^ 3 c3 ri c^S^ oSO o -B ^ ^ • ^-^ s o a> J§ 2 0 O ' t-5 02 § iz; •0& to ^X! -*co OlTPt^ lOiOiO COtJI lOOO too ^^ tO-H oot^oo coco 03000 Ttra OOOl— 1 ^H CO CO lOiOlO OO coco-* coco OQO Tt*00 Ot}( Tj< coco oirat^ co>o ^ ^H o-* iO« « t^ h-. b- lO ^ too r1 • • o ^ o a • S o OO ^dO ^c f^O 60 S a2 OSa bii;^ _ 0) g^s -3 S ii.l 5 C3 o » ^^^ m^ 1 1 1 1 Ul s 1 1 fe 1 1 H ;« « 1 1 1 1 s a o P-, (MIMr-l co^ C/2 2.00 1.10 1.18 1.29 1.31 1.82 1.66 1.43 1.44 1.30 1.38 1.41 1.30 3.32 3.70 3.01 2.91 3 63 4.43 — CO •^ CO 1.79 2.35 2.36 3.05 2.19 2.16 2.94 2.44 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COO OOOOOOOO lOOOOOOOO COtOCOiOOOTt-C^O 3,19 1.97 2.70 1.70 1.86 2.47 2.81 1.75 2.80 2.20 2.25 1.85 2.26 9.98 11.20 10.08 8.22 11.30 9.27 U5 0O C1-* 3.66 4.91 3.92 5 02 4.13 3.67 4.50 3.98 OOsr^OOSb-'^Tt^cD^MCDcDiO oor-iT-iooiO'r-icoi— 'OOOcDosTt* 60.56 61.27 62.82 63.06 59.71 68.09 oooo OO t^ 69.16 66.60 67.26 63.37 69.37 67.05 64,72 66.58 cOr^t^b-l:^I^cOl^t^t--t^b-l-- O 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 I I t t 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^^ ooia 2.50 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 7.00 7.50 6.00 OOiOM'-HCO-tH^COO^COOOO ■^f-^oo^r-oot-oooot^i-tco 4.96 5.28 4.74 5.35 5.02 3.46 CO "TJH 00 1^ 5,20 7.23 6.55 6.92 5 21 7.34 7.66 7.67 CDC1'*CO^»0»0'*COCOCO'^CO 9.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1^ -rt* OOOOOOOO OOOiOOOiOO csooosoooso csicoct>-oc^jc^cR'*to ■*Ol^00>0N-*>0-HC0-*IMt0 12.43 11.62 11.56 12.13 12.56 8.33 c-1 CO ■* Ti- to-* 10.03 10.77 10.81 11.50 10.40 11.06 11.13 11.11 O00OCSOOOOO03O0S03 10.11 14.00 11.11 12.04 11.54 9.41 9.91 11.45 10.98 11.34 11.46 10.44 10.95 8.75 6.93 7.79 8.33 7.78 6.42 ICCO 10.16 8.14 9.10 10 14 8.70 8.72 9.05 8.22 W. K. Gihnore & Sons .... Nowak Milling Corp'n .... H. G. Hill Co J. H. NyeCo. . . . Park & Pollard Co St. Albans Grain Co d O • 1 O 'o d .SO *7! ^ So ^^ l'§ Amendt MilHng Co. .... American Hominy Co Armour Grain Co Armour Grain Co Aunt Jemima Mills Co Cereal Mills Co Chas. M. Cox Co Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Co. . Beacon Milling Co. . Cutler Co. F. Dianto Elmore Milling Co. . H. G. Hill Co. D. B. Hodgkins Sons Chas. A. Krause Milling Co. LawTence Bros. Geo. I. Moon & Co. Narragansett Milling Co. W. N. Potter & Sons Ware Coal Co. . C. P. Washburn Co. Corn Meal. Corn Feed Meal Cracked Corn Sittings Badger i o Q Z P o a O Domino £§1 ,■50 5 feO OPL, Hominy Feed. Amco Yellow ...... Homco Bufceco Yellow Aunt Jemima ...... Paragon B. C -- 1— iCO'^J'^Ttl^-^lO 10 M p, o ■o u ^ 1 o ■n ( ; H O P 1 n -S « ^ Ph ft. ^ ^ pq 'o v. o i:r w Cr <5 k5 ^0 p II 05 Si£w_ 3 -5 OS 3-5 ooooooooooooo Ocr>0OCDOC?0000O0 -OSt^-CO'rt^Cvl—^OsCSIOOr^iOt^ 1 CO CO T-H TjH oo o ; CO »o b- t^ ^o -^ iQ oooooocrioc^oooo ic t— t-- -^ -^ -^^ 1 - lO ^ IC >0 CD t .l^00OiCCIQ0t^t^OG0»0t^C50 ooooooooooooo CO-^C5'kC'MCO»CcOCOt^OO C5^^oooiooo^*OiooooQO^-^- Q — .• . M SsS Hi ^ o ■ a^^ o o (H sir mtf SS-S-^ Oi"^ iO t^ I:* ■* ooo CO »0 00 O CO t--. oooooo ooooo o O Tt*COCOC0 01 3 00 00 05 »0 -01*0 1^00 -t-b-t^ CO is S £: 2 OQO--*" CO »0 CO O "^ OOs U)^ ^^ CO i^ ^ ° :»^ -S o o J^ ^j-. dj QJ Q COOO -^ t-co o CO t-coo iSQ . r1 . dSn ^"c1 ■^s^ -l-^ to 03 S S" SfiiS Eo h o -Si S g?"^a >^ r; c3 s S-g M 3 ,».a o oc? Wop^ I I .2> :z;o> -OiO(M»-HOCQOCft '-Hc^»oooocooo-^r--iO'-HosMasio»0'^i>-u^c^050»ccooO'THCsoi>0'^ooooi>.i>-i— icdf-ioooo lO^O»0-*^CD^^-H^-^>.CCTJ^TtlCO■^0^:OOlO■^COOCOOOOOI>•OOM^OOOCOCOCDO^-00■-HCK^CO^--'GO^ ^HCQOl^-oO'-Hcsoi'-HOGOOI>-cooO'--^oo■-^aloO'-HO^oo^>-t*^^^^ooooolooo5C5^^t^ooaaOt»^-•^>• coI>•coo5cDT-H^-o5^-oocolO!Oco^>•o^c^cOI>-oi^-co^>.rHco':oci'^^-coo5ccc^^l^c^l>^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOC>OOOOOOOOOOOOOOC30000CDOOOC5C:>00 O00»00000i0»00i00000»00»0»00»000000i00000i00i000i0000 O -^ ■-< lO t^ o » Doo■-HOsco-^^-•cO'-H■^coc•I>■^-•o■^t^oococooo»o■Tt'OOoO'— fiot OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCDOOCJClJOCDOOOOOOOOClOCtJOOOOOOO ooooooooooooooc;c:;ooio»oc:)OOooooioooc:iOOOiooo»-oooo l^H(MiO^O-^>0'^^ > lO OO (M to O ' lCM(M^HC^.-H(M»-lc.05t^05lO•^0^^■^C-OOI>- IOOOCOC7s»-iTt*0<:OOOOt-C<)C-t-^eOOaiC<: X X X ■ WHlviH "m "(Z! Ik 'm c3 c3 03 ^;i1 fc- t^ tH nn o o o^- o^ ;j ^ ^ il^ il^ il^ O O '^ "^ '^ ^ >.-3 2 ° 2 °°^°^»jjhJtJ o ^ 5 a'ft'na s a t. t, s- >-^ £-^ e S a gnag S; ? g j eq^^J_|SJSoo So ' ►^ooooooooooow < C3 03 .J=J2 KOO r:g'6dddo§g 5 psOOOO ^M-§ )0^ bUMhlMpcM+S . .g C C C C;£^CC m-9 3 3 3 3 ?^ S _g§oooogQ| OO^H^i-;i^QfoH MM en en (» c» • • a a a a oooo . .Ji^^^ Q d ^ ^ 53 ^ OO S 5 g S *^ 3 0) a> 0; a» c|;3-C J2_S^ o^ m m m m _• 2 a a a a ■ pi'o'o o'o fnfu Sen >1 >, ^ii 2 ,Qc£||-3iooa« \m m^QqDW^^ g 5 g 3 3 ■5'^ C-"-"''ft'5.'E 2 2 ^.-sS.^i'g S 2 6 (h tl O rj Gj.— .ri (-• 4^ J-. -G <<<;Ao«a«aooo ft i3 w> '^ 3 • ffiSQ a ex: i5^a^--' ■ -a «|.2SS^ I s § iJ.Ea )0«!ti fe a /4 >> '3 Q a f."" O • • ft to i;^ M O i^ ■.>>>. S ^'o'-'^^S o a a">>>> >>fe 2'^M - a— 0"r-%- a.Q cs'ca'cs _i2 |-?3 jJ.s.? g g § ^.|g.2 § 8-f^sSJ^£"&"6? -GPWWfeSKHW2§^S C' X >^ O H Pi * s ^ p-l a ffi ^ o OS OS <:0 f^ lO '-H CO r ieoco»ct:^osooutiOW3^t^w5^^»or^ooeo-^ooiciooot^' 0'^OC^OOOC-CCOTt*05C005C^i^'^C<100CO(NcD0005iiO'— tkO< -IN- o«o CO »o c500000c>ooooooooooc:»oooooooooocDOOOOc:> ooooo»ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ; c^ 05 Oi CD — ' ^- ' i^u^^oicr;-'r'^c^'^)'-"MC 1 o c> o o o oo 00C^"»'000>Q0Q0C0t--O0SCDC^t-^OC^t>-=^-^t^C0t^00CC»O C^OCOtOCOOOQOCO"^CC'(M':Ot--i— iOO'^eoCOCO 00050Si-HOCOCiOOOOi"<*<0^-0500»— i00c0t-O0005O000000tS00000t^c0t»OO 05»0»0"rt<»COtN-C0'O-:t*00C0 0aC0'^-^U^c0CC>O0i(MCC00«0C oo»0'*»o^Offoc5Tf': . 'X> 1— • 05 (-^ OO C- Oi 0> TtiiO'^"^'«^"rf*-^-^T}.oou^'-H■^^0'--c^'^T-HcO'-HIN.^»■^cCC0iC'^»CtOW3Tt OOOOOOOOOO^OOOOO-OOOOOOOOOOOOCDOOOOOO )eOO5'Tt*00'--<'X).l>-00'--.COOOOO^HC^»oOOOCO O^ c o a> d 03 h c fS o :e o o I ^ S o o o o • . . Is Is C3 O - > > > oO o _a)_2_©Q r-O WWW kr '^ t" IIP|8 ff3 cC c3 .^ • k> O O O^ . s a K o 20 «5 •« -"■ooocifcis a T- P c ■« ■•2f2 o K.2 C CO t-P5 O .2 &?S- „ ^ _ O-rQs la -2 g-s^ pa "3 t- a — .- £^"T73 d « 3 = 0:2 = c K^SpatJOwZ^ Q c: a c3r^ 35 .i: •- . t-i f-( "1 S t? 03 h"^ "O '^ a ^?;^ s^g a g' £«SQ 2« 2o -5° " " 'cS >> 51 SPQ coc^osdc^wci^i-Hcoc^': J^HCD^-HC' Tt< -^ CO CO i>- •-• ai CO CO .UOiC«Tt<*< O 05 OO OOiO '-H »C ooooo ooooo OCOCOiO o ooooo 0*0000 OO CD 00 O C-1 CO CO O O CO o o b. t-i O 50 o .S.SoS-a 2 2 £.2 8 s OOOOOOO OOOOOOO CV| l^ Oi O 00 t- O - !0 CO CO -^ t— t t O CO ■^ O tP O CO OO 1-c OO 1— • O O O GO t^ (M C^l CD GO CO lOOOOOOiOOOO t^OOOiO»Ot^OOO cD»ocDcor-»TticO'<*- OOOiCOcOOOCDOC^C OS-^OiO*- iCOCO-^t UO-^ClCOiOCOiOC^- ■^t>.cD"^CO'-0 Tti lO CO OO CO lO GO •* -^ CD 00 ■^ 1— < (M Oi CD kO -^ "* CO -^ lO lO ,_H ^H f-< »- C^ T-* - C^ ^ -H ^ C^ (M ^ 1^ Oi C^ 05 CO CO "^ -HCO"^OOOQOt^» »0'-OOCOi ooooooooc^o ooooooooooo ■^W5Tt>0 00- 0 o « 2 S c/^ ■»-H ?D C^ (M M - dpi ? -rr f* 1 ffifa be S S S i c3 ^ J= - X e c d CO t-H>-(M lOOOO CM U^iO»0 CO 'tJ'^^5 TjH 10 1— I .-H m 0000 CKI ,-, ^ ,-1 i-H I l-H CSI ,_, ^H^H ^ ,6^0 si dPn' )WOO d oj O 2 S-q ^ = d 3 3 M 5 £X o O ChT3 tc^^ o o » 20-^2 ^ 00 ■^ »o CDt^OCM-^COCOT^t^t^OS »-<*O'-HO5O5t^C.t^cOCDt^CO HOii— 'COiOiMOSh-Ot^'M 5000CO'— -»-( O'—'OOOOOO'— lOii— < COOiCOOC^OOt-*»OOOCO cDC^Oi— 'COOCqcD-^COCD t>-OS00Q0050000OQ00S0i o ■ Mo ^ 20 o :aQ 2-^ o9 us T)0 §^ g o drj w S — . d ap^n: -t3rS-c2 » a> 1) bo > £ > d ■"^^Ht^^H^HCOOC^^HT^CO 14 o S U -t-i o m O W I « 1 P CT) H ""^ X ^ o H < P4 ^ t^ C .(NOC^00Ir*T-i^HOt^0it-*O0iC»C000I>OCD0S'-'^H-(*-OOO'«1* -co»— icocoio-^< lOOCCI^CKMOOOCDi— iCl!OC5000 OOOOiCOOOOiOOOOOOOCQOOOOOUriOOOOOOiOOOClOO CiOcO'-HlOCOcOiOCOOfMlOfMO'— ib-'^C^iOt JC5'— *cOi— tcCCOOOt^iOfMiOOO 5C<10005COr--»0»OcOODt--I>'tOCOiCiCOiCi005C^OCOi--'COt^I>--^OiC<10>l>.OiCCC> c<^^o■^lOffC^cccc^occ"^■-s^■Tt^■^ccco(^^eo■^^ccoc^'--'cccococccOl/5co■^^co■^^J* ooooooooc-oooooooooooooooooooooooooo iOOOOOO<000000000000"^000000000000"0000 00'-H0ii00i03OOC>103CT>OCiOOOO05Ci05O03OO0St— t>'0005O(MCft'-*OT-4 COOOiOt>-OOOi-Hi-HC»GOCit>-OOCO"^OiiOCOCO»OC^'-tOOCiOO:C>C<»I>-COOO'^C^"*C^ 00*-HC:iO— *C30Ci(MOO^HOC5COOi050000C50CsC5aiOOOOOiOOOOSOicO*-«i— lOOO COU^»OI^O»OGfSOOOOO-:t^t -O'-'OOlCOOtOlOOC ■4eO-rt*»-t^-OOS005CDO OOtDI>.COI>.i:Ot^OOI>.C5COOOOOI>-000005COI>-t^OiO'MGOOOOOcOOOI>-00( ? rt* o »o a> o t! b Sao c =^ ^ h S K d Sag J o o 02-, 5X^^ -S c' M hC ol g -cij 3 3 3 »j:o d 6 o S 3w ;dSfe . o o - |-3^=^^^l-^^ .=o O OS; 325- o S o n ^ J«! fco. =1 o fa .gn^Jr^SoS H ?< U C ad "SB PmWc oj^-,^ § oS g §.«<<; eq-S^ o,? 3 o § ^ ^§HH c^rHTt^'<^^H^l-Hcoc^'--'cc'-H:o*-^c^c^^H■^i1C^l-^^HT-ll-^ccc^w:l'-HMM^H!^3(^^<^^^HT 15 OOOOCSOOOOOOOOuooOOOOOCCOiOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOCDOOOt— OOOOOO-^Ol^-OiOOOOCDO 05OOO0iOC^lC^lC<)C0Tt-iO'— tiMOO'OOCC'Oi'MCS'— iCOO^iDOOiOOO I^-^ocOl-H.-H05•-HocOlOr^^fMOl■^cot^■^lCcoOI>••0'— i-Tt'»0'^QO'— iiocrii0OOOC0OOOOOCSOCDC3 C^OO"0»0000000»£^000(MC^OOOOOOC>»ni»OOOC)OC3 cocceoeocc'^cceocoeoc^c»0000000000 aiOiOicsoiOOsoiooooooQOCDoooooasaiOt--050ooO'— 'O'— ii— ICO t^ioco-HCocccocDr>i'— iC5cococococcast>-r----ra5-+'i-^oo-^-^OiOcoco ooascooic^c^ico'— tooo^t--ooci"Ocooico-Tt^coc-ii-Hcoi--'t^'— i(r-icooooc-000005O000iC5Q0CSC0C0;3'-'00OC0i— lOC^'^ 03W50seOcD»-tiOi— lT-«t^eOCDC. OOiOOOr-*0000003t-^'4-t---rt<»OCO-^i--0000OS00t-*l>-I>-C0000iG0t^t^l>.I>.Ob-00O500G0C0t^00t~»0000l>« 6 o d d d ooooo . iSlsla^^&dddd "o ol6(3dd -il ; GO C d ^ - - . . . o O C rt rt rt r1 ■ - „ ^ ;::: ^ ^ j:3 j:: ^ c> ^ ooooc l»OcDC0(M"^00-^Oil>- 3000000000 50000ooooc:=cpoiooc o »o •-< C<1 c lTt<>*C-100iOCCO3iOC Oitot--coeccot--(M'+''*os-^cDcDcco CNO'— i-^"— ICOCOOO»Ol^OJCDCO»-H*-< cDOiOOOOOOS-^CDOOOCOOSOt— '-<'-< l>-COOiOiiOO(MCOr^003CX)Ot— cOcD 05l>-CCtO'— •OOcDOi'— •CJOOcOOTt^'— 100 "rt^0i-tOCOCOidcOcDiO'«*oooooooo iO»OiOOOiOOOO»OOOOOOiO iOr-HMCO-^'Tt^'-HOiit^OOiOcOOCO'— lO ooooooOOCDOOOOOOOtOOOO C>cDOiOCOOOSt^050iOSO'MOlOtO 1— ii-(cD»-H(rooc0«OCOCCC3SCOCCiO»OlO'-H005 O o o o rt ci ^ C3 03 c: bc V, ^-1 r-r"' M M ^ 5? S s 2 r> .— 1-3 J hJ -5 ^ ^" •»_ V h3 '■*^ '-*^ '■♦^ '■*^ ■e: g S 53 S «-<-'-'■--- ^ a g g g CO ^ -t; M Q-r;'o^ t3 o o O .-^ q MM _ ^ o o o o q o^ ^- „ _ _ ... _ S e o i||S §:5^^| I i-l lli |«-^ £^ ^"8 -^ »> -S.-- 5 rr. f^. 1^ S 'VI ■! Mo . . lie -n ."i-i . :^ _!_. r*-i --/-i r/^ ' -^ ^^ ^v^ .•*i mho f^ ''< « e M 35 5-:=! p O O O 41 ^„ o CO M mllj-- gO-t: ' -- ft- - - ^ 1:1 5 ^ a fea3^^§§ii^f„Sg§:s k2 =« f^^ KKsWSas«Eo3f\rx»2s;-oM>SM-^32'a<;sS5s:£&: 5 SauoS>3owwKSo5§cB »0 C-l CO ^ ^ *-• T I'-^l-HC^.rJH^HirjCO-Hl^^Hl.'^— H03CCC-1»-HC^1C<3.— lOaC^T-l ■ t-H -H -^ rt "O -H 16 ^ 3 o :3 Q W K U < OO (J2 00 Tt< lO O lO t^ t^ Cnoooccc--i>om>o>nMc<3 o ■6 Mt^OOCO— i-HCCt^lMOOOOt^O^ -*0>nOS>0 CO rtC3S0sOOlOOOOOOOOIr~t^OO-*>OOSCCO-H lO Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. 05'»**C<»iOiOiCCOOOCq-^C^Tt*OCqOOOCl-.^COC' c^ CO OS O OO ^ ^ t^ cq -* (M --H C^ »-H 00 CO ..- CO O 00 t^ c^ i^coocor^ioco— 'CSs-Hr^^oor^'^-^cO'^coc^i oo »C CO CO CO fcC CO iO CO IC CO lO CO lO »f5 ^n CO m »0 if^ »C iO fa 11 oooooooooooooooooooo o 1000000«OOOOU5000«0>000 lO ^-i CO — 1 eo N c^ -- CO CD lO t^ CO t^ COOS.*mcoOOOOCOOSOSt^l^OOiCO»OCOOOOO CO (MCOC^acOCqcO^^C^C^MdCOCOC-IC^-^COC^KM--* -^ S o « 11 c o fa ooooooooooc^ooooooooo o oooooooooooi^inooooooo o OSOOSOOOSOOOOOOOSOSOSOSOOOIMOOSO o — it^r*'COOOCO-^--C7st^cO-*'COODOOI^O— 'CvI»O.-it^OS^»^ 1-1 OS OOOCS OS O ^-00 OSO C3S ^ O O O OCO O OSO CO 1 1 r^-Hr^tOOSOOOSl.Ot>-OOCO(MCOCOT*?iOOO&: Q E rt — rt rt rH Tfrt-H^-HrtTr-H CO — -H-H— IC^ .c»4 -H t--t~- CO'*" m a COOCi w w ;^ 0 >^ 0 ^ >-; 3 p •T3 0 0 PLH Ph 17 oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 00»0000000000000»0»000 0000010C'I>-OOOOOOOC>*COOOOOOOC>0(— ><— 5 1 rt< ■<:** O »C ■^ CO ■^ lO "^ »0 "^O t^ lO lO »0 CC Tt* lO ^D lO O iXKO CO ■<*< -^ »0 t-* t- cor— CTJ-^O-— •Oti-^'I-^COOSCCiCOT-ttMCOiOO -CO»OOit^05-^lr— "^DOOiOI— OO >0 0»0'-OTt<00'— 'Tt^Ot-(^^00l0»O'--''— tCOi— 'Ot— ■OOiCO'— •r-HCOC-1'— '(3 OOOCSOOOOO'OOCDOOOOO'O CDC'OOOOO'OOOOOOOCSOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOO^OOOOOOOOO'OOOCSO ooooooooooooooooo>ooooooo»oooo 00Tt-»O'CC0C^OI>-t--CDI>- QOO(N'— iTp05OSCD00»0O0il^Tf*0iOiOI-- O500O0OitOr--lr-C^Oi»Cir^CO''— OOCOOO»OOOanM'-Oh-005CD OC50(MCCiOiOOOCOOOiOCn»d05I^OSCOf-t lOOSCOOlCvliOOOOOI^OOt^^Ht-t^irSiCO'^C^'^t^OOOOOOOOpOS OOOiOi0005asOOOu^OOOO»-f00050001QO 00000100000S0300'— 'b-OOt-COCOOOOt^OOfM'-Hb-OsasOsOiOOOOOO 6 --^ . ■ • • c^ .S • -^ =a • fla^ • ■— f5 • g t^ „ 77i H) S d ^ &H ii M /»i ?) ^ 9 ^ O ^ -C bJ i/J '- flj rr, ^ a ^o| . . . . §P % ■ -J^ -^ «S ■^£>>^5 •. -sa^w • • ■ • «5^^„ ^iillli3|iy!i 111 iMfil Bfnilll ^|2!!pi lIS "■ lis i2 12 1 1 III mmnm^mimmMn y fl C ^ l! C ^'^ tL4 r ^ ►^ O 5 « t 2*^ ^ g s^ B-- 3's:s £ o 6 c3 o _ 18 2 "^ — ^ r^ T3 -t-> 93 ^ ■4-> o O U »Oi005t~^»Ot--C5vOOCO'X)05CCO'-H:OtC:iO- lOt^'*''— tW3»OC^t~^'^Ot» OS 11 OS oooo CO ^ ■^ ^ ,-H tOTj* t-- CO CO lO lO jcocO'-H-T}-oco-«j*"^^cacot^iotDooco»cr^QOi— it-- OOOOOOCXZJOOOOOOOOOOC^OiOOOOOOOOOO osciOooio» S .— « ■^iH lO CM i— ' CO lOCDCO' _ _ico^'-H,--tcoooosiQbsc---Ht*co^o66»-<-^t>-T-tcD CD 00 -^ CD CO lO lO COt^ 0»OiOt*CO'^cO-^CDOcOt^cDW3U5I>-COOO>Ot^*^ jCC^^b-'— 'cDOCOt 3^^^,_(^C100rt<05O>iCTj«O0000 cD'Oi— "ooa5^oc5CJioci'OC^Oit--(:ocoooc:5t--»nc5ooO'— tt--0'— 'cooioo O00OCD0CDC500CD0000OCD000G)0O00OOOO0 if50000iOOOCDOiO»00»OOOiOO"^OiOOOCPOOiOO»00 »OiOCC«— < ■^05tOwr3 05l>-h-(McDCO'^>OI>.00< OO CO 1-1 Ttl CO "^ U3 CO O C5 oo SOOC^-HCDCOOCOO^'— 'i'^'^'— • DirtcCC^C^C^O>05iOcDiOCO»0^iOOcDC<1^0Csr-'-H-OCDiOC^OOC^ ■^u:DCOI>-iOiOCO'^'^T**CC^if3'^if5iOiO-^-^:OU5»CcDO-*iOiOCOiOCO OO00 00 0O0C5O0O0 0O00O0000 000OO0O 00000000»000>OC)OC;000*OOOOOOC30iOOOO- :OkO!M005rJ*OSC ?00t300»000»— 'OOOOOOOCTjOOOOCMO li— lC^C^Jr-«C^(MT-l.-«.-(,--C3cooocoeco-^co— lo— 't: > -^ CO »o »-< lO »-^ 00 COI>- 03 C5»-H^^ocio6c^c5x'i6oO'— 'COcD'-^d5C^^^^oc^ooc^occo<^^T-H(^Ioo OsiCC-l'— <^O'^CSOcD0000OC'^00OI>>-^O(MC^O"— 'C^CJ^-CSOS'— 'CCCO -cocDOicoco'.OOQOt^t^00 03CiOOOOCMOOOOi0500 00CnC50iOOOOOOaiCOOOI>-OOt O OS • — ■■g"S ■ ^ a a; O M 'O .2.SS- 3 03 c3 r3d 3 S 3 o o ES ■< I- i-> :« ■M-^o ? 5 5 o o . gpss;^ §_§■ S"3 S S * -e^ 3 5 ^ '>>' =3 . . o . CO o S MX:.- o'SS^ • • • • d d o d O o c bO M M bC • ^^ ."; — B S S.S-° S'J.oco m tn tr. m t," 2 is is 3 3 3 3^-^»« oooo-^Q|| 1-5 ►-; ►^ ^ o 1-5 (in w w (in 2 S bC<^ o bij bl X -^ 'm o _a^ - --S g.s |||o| bO c3 o a3 o3 bD-a wi t-" O r^ <1> OQHSPh 5s „ _ „ bt^ 0^ 3 • * t^ ^ Kg .^^ is sZ! m _. ■r-^ ■ ^n^ hd^ >ic3 ra,j^ . -H jH « "^-^ Jh t-i G3 >3 >-.-n ^ j3 b« » 03 C3 « , >, >> 3 ;:;j3 c3 c3 O O "S ., ■^ "=■ c3 o o >H b'o_5 i5 gg V 3 3<= 3:5 g coosooho^r::^ i3»i;WOfeO II >> c3 - bD o'^ =« *^'P o.= -Sti g to S >i <§^S§oQ^.«2„ +3 ^tfll.^ J. yj O fl- , o ^".t;xi'.;g;-o feg 3(0 >5 2 s C.5 ojU «s w.jaM[4oQHWW C^,_,>— I.— I F-HC^Tt■Tt«toc*^"^'*^ooooc^asr^•'-H(rc-*oa^co■^coo5Co^GOcooO'-Hcs»-^CllOoO'-H^-.c^^-l-H■TJ^coc^coco!CcoO'-He^ OOOOOdOOC500000000'OOOOCsOCDOC)OOOOC)CZ)0000000000'OOOOOOCD lOOOOOOOCSOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO (©<»^*oooic»^ot»ooooooosoooiC05QO^*OQO^-ooc»GOoot^oo<^lc»c»^^c•loooiOiOc>I^oao^*oociooo ooososicoo-^cqtocof^cot lC5CC50>«C^105t30'-HO'-»I>.COf-HCO*^C -?0"rt•»ooooics■^ooO'-H"^l-Hococ^^^-ooooi^ococ5r-*OffOcoc^^c^c^■^ OiO^-tOOOO-— 'v-H-rj^oiOOOOt *'r*0TiiTt<':000'^t--C^(MO0iC0C<10SO^iCC^asOOC0»0'^tOkOOiOiOiO'^TPO»OiOiO>0 0'**^'^U5»0»OiOiOTPiOiO-^iO»^ OOOOC;O0OOOOOOOO0OOO»CCDO0OOOOOOOC3OC5Oot--.cocC'050s 00i-HC0OC^rt'<;OC^0005OOC0'^C"l»OCC:>OOOOOOOOC)OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC 00 00C5 lOOO C '-t'-l(M^H^(M.-HO-](MC^.-OCOClCOCO"^eOOOCl':Dt^OO»-lC005lO'— 'THOOr^COOOOOCCOO J0SO^"^00C0^-■rt^C^^^-^0«OC^lCC^OG0C00iC^O^0uD^*C0C^0i'-^C0OC0TJ^OI^*C0l0'-HC0030^U^^^Ot0'^ (»00000500GOOOOOt^^^l^O^*05C105COOOOOOOOiOOt^COOO'-I0500'-HOiOS000^05COOOOOCOOO^*OOOOG005000iCftOOOO 6 6 5 o so lis •^=« ?„-^^ tufa u ■ ■ ■ M 6 d .soo 0-0 K" ci C m • ► 30 3=a ^ 3 § H C! c3 c5 3-an t: ti _ -■ CD ^^ ^.x< v> S •r t- O O o 30,1^-S -^r'^ Od o ■ d-a ,-^QOOS^£:K; rri M'S'o'o ^'?'S^ * ii^ C n m 0>>d0i3Sj;r;gg- .OOOO S a Z Is p^ Ph Ph ;iH (i^ d, Ch-H S Pi ?i tf =«o «^ . PhKc •r 3 MJ3 o3 cj"^ C3 >> >" £ 2 '^ C' 2 2'3^ HHHPHQp3O0;2;CL,H:iO«i-lK:Sfi; >. 3~"-iM Sl-^-- t-iOr^..'TA3GL]_— *. ^^•-^ ^SS&o§cS^«S^.2 i>i5 o^ s §:_•= S S 2 03»o5KOc3O*;3!-' 'h ^:?■ « T r>^ ^^ ^^ HH i.^ ::^ /-N -as ■ M bB M to m a o :3 O O a? "=-^ C^ M^ Ul* ^- 3 rf gK g S ca ^p.p5^ S s;^_, >, t. 3 c3 ce C djjg S.-s fcO Is, .2 c. ?£q .^^.„.g&^ . I" KP5Ma)^Or?'if^^^-'- >> >>"3 ao Ss-i S b 3 S S 3 s e £ iJ^jpL,ao>P^pHKQPH>^Sc»wQ -a 2 S O J2 C2 s htl +j -— ; bl 1 3 o ^ :=; O Ph Ph +j CO — CO^^(M— ii— i(MC^lCOC^l — — — i- o Oi T3 3 •a o 5 i4 o o ( ; a> o u C/J tt oa M •CJ H S \^ 1^ ^ n ^ s M p a> o m ^ >i etf ^ 1— 1 1— 1 t— 1 « bn oi Vi a> > < 5 o o 3-5 OS O ^ O 1 -4J (-" c o X ^ gS^W og 3 OJ'S go ^HOOi»COiC^eOCCOOOCs ooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOO OOOcOCDOOOt^Ot^OO ooooooooooo 00»OiO»0000000 !:D00O»0«00iOiM*0e0C0 Q0'*f0l>-C0!:0<:00as00i0 ooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOC5 OOC^OOt--OCDOO(MCiOOOO TfcOiO'— tOC3CCI>.'f-^i-H Tj0C-3OTfOOOOOOOOGOOOOO d o . . 6.BOO 6 6 o 2 u ^ uu ^^7 O O . . • . • ^ ^ t^!:^^c^56 on $^,9 3 o' t- ^ S^-ts >vOoa-^xi t^O- c« o o S £ =« oe .,^- S^.J^Ji o o M MjLihS— CO c e £^ O O . c;j3 . c3 03 tccc ^eo(^^■^O^^lClOO^^oo;oi=DoO'*kOcO"^cD»Ci- o oo o o lo o o ic o oo ooo OiOOO OiOOO (M CD C5 lO CC CC CO C^ *J^ TT CO -^ lO lO O lO "^ lO iC C^ CC CO CM02 1— l»oait-OCOOOOOiOOOCO'-Hl-~C— (lO ■^•^ "^«0'^»000»0'^«OOiiOl>*00^'— itr^-rrcOOOOiCO Oi-^ ^^^^^^^^C0^^^^^^rHi-«OO— I l^Tt" lOlOtMOOfO^'M'^COiOCOCOiO'— •^DO'— •'— ti— to ■"tj^oo coccccc-r^t^t>.t^I^-t'-t^l>.l>- OO OO oo OO C50 OOOOO OOOO C500 oo O»0OOOOi0OOiOu0OO»0Oi0*0iCOO O ^C (M (N CO CO CO CO IM CO CO (M M (N C^ IM C<1 CO CO <>J -»— "COr^iC'^C^l rj'co (Mio:oo»i^eoooeoc^CiC^ro-*o^ooc^ocQC»O(M»0C o o I-*O0 OOOOOQOCOOCOr^OiCDCOOlO'— 'C^-— i(>-OOCOOi 01»0 CO»Oc0050000COCaiOt~*C^C^'^OC^O=C5'— lOOl Ci 00 ■^H c' S.'^^&0^c32.2|-^^^§>>>.fefe-§ 1^5 S^^^-S'-' -T S >.S !3 t3 2 3 3 § 3 § O o §^ I wO u w • • • -^^ ^ o.S^ 5 s^ -si s|-s J £S« -rj^S §_. c3f-! i5PM ^1* oJK «3 Knfa '^ 'S 2 -■" P §g.Sc3««;c^SJg >.g 00-2 '^.2 . I o O o o K, .„ o O^ C3.- 7302 c3-i •S «OK-J ^ o . ^S c- Sj3 Su^awocSs » O o Q >i C3 ct <1> .1 ?^gZffi«J>pH CO-H^Hf-HC'^Oi»COC^COOOCOTt*'^'X'-^k O 0*0 o lO iC CO »o OOCDOOOOfOOO lOOiOOOOOOOO OOOOO OOOC3 OkCOOO .oooo OOOOOOiO ooooob-o ^C to CO 'f lO CD Tt* "Tt* lO lO »0 -^ lO lO Tfi lO JOOr-CO'— 'OCOOO-rt^C . »0 Ci b- GO C •OOOiCOCO'-'Ot^iO ^r^CX)CftC000C0C^Ot^0b<:0-«»*t^tM'X>(M^Oi l(M(M(MC^(nCOCOC^(M(MtM0 CD -^ GO 05 O -^ )QO i-H CO OS Oi (M QO t^ ■«* O OS t^t^t^t^ O OO OS '— I lO I>- c Si-lOOOiC»OCDCOOOSCO 0:c0CDOt^i-iOOOCCC^Tt.|>.|>-<:Dt-t^t^b- 3^-t^I>-5DI>»t-*!050t— t^-cOcDt^cDt^cDt^t^ oooo OiOOOCDOOOOO 0000»OiCiOiOOO COCOCOIO'-H05COMC^^CO o o »o o o o o o- o OiOl^-OiO »OOOiO 5 CO 1^ CO CO OOO OO 00 o »0 ^O lO lO »o O "t CI c^ c-i (M c^ oa (M OiOCOOOsOOOcDO OSt-COOSt^t^TPOSO'-' CQCOCO(MC.00»C'-HOOOOStO»0(M->— I OOi— 'OOOiOOOIO GOOSOSUOt^COt^COiMOiOfO-^OCO^DCD-^iO CD C^ 1-1 CO cOIr^'-'O OiOSCSi—. 'MOOOOS-^Cl^DCO'^'— < OO'^Ot-'-HOO'O t--^D C-i.^O'^OTt*0^0'-' osc^ocoooso'X>coasoooco^HoooooooO'* QOCOCOOSOOO— ' tOt^t^CO^O'— •■^0'-'«0-<*^CD *-.-HOoro-^coc-ioo^O'*i-^^Cj'-i--«^0 O 6 6 -Sc O 6 g"^ r:^ >^^ o gag's O 6 • • c ■ ■ S "1 • .52 >.=^ n-^ ^ o o;3<5 ^ 3 9''-^S go 300" o c 3 Sii.b:^^ « . . .O .6 . M U ■ ■ •— O S . o .2P=H sj'^.d_apq O fc- (H c3 0^ ?5 - TllTlr^*S«^ • 60 22 » »0 O I>- Oi CO (M ■-*< CD CO T*< O C^ CO O CC O OS CO O C ■c »0 CI O »0 CO '— I » <'^0Dr-cococOTt<'^coait-oi'-«'— 'cDc^-rt^oooc OCOCO-^O-— "1— ic 3 to cO OO CO CC !>• icoccoooO'C:>>oc^'— ' ■73 o 43 u •a 43 o Q o « Eh < bo o o 2; 02 oooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOCD 0»0(3C^]OOCCOOOt^CDOOO 1— fio-^O*— - CO CO lO CO »OCOCO— «0)c:>C3i0Oi0k0i0O»i0»0»0OOCDOOOtOOOOOtO 40iOcO'^iO">*icOTt-»0»OcO o 6 .61 6 d t, • ac ° ^ "-I ^ 15 'E E iOOim»0000^^-*OOCOOOOOOCOC^IOOCOOiOO(M 0^O'^OC0r^00'-H05^HO»O(MC:Oy:>O;^^C^O»0t^ d o • • • • "o o . . . . -*J * * ' * " oo "d° "S^^ 'Sxd6^'?SS^-g^«=^aod|^| d d-«j30o J'^^^^l-S g^^^O g.^ . 2 § § « I'^llloos >.^ SSS|-|€^ §^ § S 3 .-5 . 3 S S. ••" S . « a) 2 » S o o • iW J;' H hO nH Um 1^ P t_, l^ rf) t~i Zt rj W S-* 7^ S ^3 ft 3 ° • i3 >. „; .3 ■73 2 » 0_ C 61) -J3 >>^H ■g ftS o-S o == o.£f2 >>&? ^ ? 3 C CD h o o "3irO'3Oftgc303CHS<=iO Q tH '■i' " w '^ iJL tJJ ^ «--»><,« ,■ '-' ra w ^'.JL COl-t'*C^CqFH.-l^^^r-<(>]^H (Mi-li-i(M CO CVJ Cvl CO C<1 1-H rt* CO •^ CO too OO Tji CO t^ CO '-D if5 CJ -^ Ci CO ^ COGO C5 CO 1— < ko ':0 CI CO CJ c^ c^ .-iCX> 1^ - d f O-S o 6 bcgOO ^ ■^''- '^ 0 C Qj q; 'n-^ o o . .O o d O c ^ ^ ^ CC '^ Cj - OJ o COWPHfS o ^. PQO OK c! o o ; >i >> 5 O O fe^ KO em 23 W Ml-. .-I -H 24 Inspection of Unmixed By-Products. The Oil Cake Meals (Cottonseed, Linseed and Peanut). Of the 82 samples of cottonseed meal collected, 29 or about 35 per cent contained less than the guaranteed amount of protem. Of these, 17 were less than 1 per cent too low and could be considered satisfactory. It is a common practice to standardize cottonseed meal, especially the lower grades, bj^ mixing together cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls in proper proportion to secure the grade desired. Where such a mixture consists of only two materials (the meal and hulls) and the operation is conducted under chemical control, the difficulty of producing a product up to grade should not be insurmountable, and the fact that about 15 per cent of the samples fell below guarantee is believed to be caused by the desire to use a maximum amount of hulls rather than by the inability of the manufacturer to maintain a set standard. The results as reported in this bulletin represent the average analj^sis of the samples of each brand collected. Linseed meal is made either from domestic or imported flaxseed, the latter coming mostly from South America. The meal made from the domestic seed is somewhat superior to that made from the imported article. The brand bearing the name of the American Milling Company contains an admixture of screenings which do not appear materially to affect the analysis. The one sample of peanut meal collected did not meet its protein guarantee by about 2 per cent. The Corn Gluten Products (Gluten Meal and Gluten Feeds). Diamond Gluten Meal is the only brand of gluten meal found on the Massachu- setts market. The 12 samples collected maintained their guarantees. The average retail price was $58.58 a ton. As compared with cottonseed meal, linseed meal, and gluten feed on the basis of average protein found and prices asked it was the cheapest source of protein for a dairy ration. The comparison is not entirely fair, however, as the value of the material other than protein (carbohydrates, etc.) is not taken into consideration. One should not use corn or its by-products as the one source of protein. Twenty-six samples of gluten feed representing five different brands were collected. One sample of the K. K. K. brand fell below its guarantee for protein. Brewery, Distillery, and Yeast Factory By-Products. These products, although differing somewhat in chemical composition, are alike to the extent that most of the starch and soluble carbohydrates which they originally contained has been utilized either in alcoholic fermentation or as a food for the yeast plant. For this reason they should be used in a ration having among its ingredients flour middlings, corn meal or other feeds rich in starch. The samples examined were true to guarantee. The Wheat By-Products (Middlings, Bran, and Mixed Feed). Wheat Middlings. — In order to separate middlings of different kinds and classes into distinct groups, the fiber content is used as a basis of classification, being to a certain extent the measure of the fine bran or wheat coating they contain. An admixture of screenings will also usually increase the fiber. The process of milling wheat is quite evidently not standardized. The miller also has to take the wheat as he finds it with all the differences due to variety, locality and local and seasonal climatic changes. For these reasons it is often difficult to make any fine distinction between Red Dog and flour middlings or flour and standard middlings, one group merging into the other without any sharp line of separation. The Association of Feed Control Officials, in order to bring about as much uniformity as possible, have adopted the following fiber standards and our grouping follows these standards re- gardless of the names chosen by the manufacturers. 25 Maximum Fiber (Per Cent). Standard middlings ..... 9.5 Flour middlings ..... 6.0 Red Dog flour ...... 4.0 Brown shorts ...... 6.5 -Gray shorts ...... 5.5 White shorts ...... 3.5 Wheat Mixed Feeds. — The fiber standard set for wheat mixed feed is 8.5 per cent maximum for feeds made from soft wheat and 9.5 per cent for those made from hard wheat. A double standard leads to confusion and is beheved to be unnecessary. Of the 88 samples collected very few exceeded the maximum of 8.5 per cent set for soft wheat. Wheat mixed feed is theoretically an admixture of all the by-products of the flour mill, exclusive of screenings, as they come from the mill during the process of milling. Practically it is often a blend in which the proportion of middlings and bran differs widely from the mill run. Wheat Bran. — The wheat brans collected conformed to their guarantees with few exceptions. To the average purchaser bran is bran and very little attention is paid to the guarantee, the value of anj^ particular lot being fixed in the mind of the purchaser by texture, color, and amount of screenings present. Rye Feed. The two samples of rye feed collected were of satisfactory quality. The protein guarantee on that put out by the Wej^auwega Milling Company was too high to be easily maintained by a product of this class. The Cereal Meals. The cereal meals from corn and oats were not adulterated. Very little corn meal is made of the entire kernel but is rather a by-product from the manufacture of table meal or cracked corn. There is no particular difference in the analysis or feeding value of corn meal as usuallj^ sold and meal made from the entire kernel. Oat Groats. Two samples of oat groats or hulled oats were collected. They were as represented. Hominy Feed. While the hominy feeds collected were true to guarantee, considerable variation in composition was noted. This is due to the amount of corn germ present in the different brands. Hominy feed which contains all of the corn germ from which the oil has not been separated will have a high fat content. Hominy feed which contains all of the corn germ from which the oil has been separated as completely as possible will still contain more fat and protein than hominy feed which contains little or no germ. Dried Beet Pulp. The beet pulp sold under the brand and name of the Hottelet Company was low in fiber and high in nitrogen-free extract, probably due to an admixture of beet molasses. That of the West Bay City Sugar Company was high in fiber and low in nitrogen-free extract due no doubt to a very complete separation of sugar. One lot of Dutch beet pulp found, while true to its guarantee, contained less protein than is usually found in domestic pulp. Oat Feed. The superiority of the sample of Canadian oat feed (Ogilvie Flour Mills Co.) should be noted. The protein is higher and the fiber lower than for the other samples, in- dicating a less complete separation of the oat groat from the hull. 26 Miscellaneous Feeds. The Dried Corn Flake Feed was simply the waste from the manufacture of Corn Flakes. Its value as a feeding stuff is about the same as that of corn meal. The Cream Flakes, while having the appearance of uncooked corn flakes, judging from its fiber content, was very largely white corn bran. Burt's Cereal Feed is the residue obtained in the manufacture of Instant Postum. Inspection of Prepared Feeds. Dairy and Molasses Feeds (containing over 15 per cent protein). The Dairy and Molasses Feeds which were formerly classified vmder separate headings have this year for the first time been brought together into one group because very few brands of the distinct molasses feeds with a high protein percentage were found, while on the other hand the use of some dry molasses in the better grades of dairy feeds has become quite common. Two hundred and one samples of these feeds representing 80 different brands were collected. The analyses, ingredients used and price asked show such variations that one should have little difficulty in selecting a ready ration to suit his fancy if he does not care to practice home mixing. The "Open Formula" idea, in which the exact amount of each ingredient in a ton is guaranteed, was used by J. Cushing Co. and John W. Eshehiian & Sons in their Open- Formula Dairy rations as well as by the Eastern States Farmers' Exchange in all of their feeds. Each of the above rations has the same formula. It is also under- stood that the "Read The Tag Dairy Feed" manufactured by the H-0 Co., as well as the Diamond A Dairy Ration of the Foster Grain Company carry open formulas. It may be of interest to note the ingredients most frequently used in dairy feeds. For this purpose a table follows showing the number of times the ingredients listed appeared in the 80 brands of dairy feeds found in the Massachusetts markets during the past season. High Grade Products. Cottonseed meal 67 Soy bean oil meal . 8 Linseed meal 63 Ground barley 6 Gluten feed . 62 Corn germ oil meal 5 Wheat Bran . 59 Malt sprouts 5 Wheat Middlings 44 Peanut oil meal 4 Molasses 33 Dried beet pulp 3 Hominy Feed 32 Yeast grains . 2 Ground oats . 20 Palm kernel oil meal Corn meal 19 Rape seed oil meal Cocoanut oil meal 18 Rice polish Alfalfa meal . 15 Locust bean meal . Gluten meal . 12 Pea meal Brewers Grains 12 Bean meal Corn feed meal 11 Toasted wheat feed (cereal breakfast food Distillers grains 10 by-product) ..... 1 Low Grade . Products. Grain screenings . . . . .13 Clipped oat by-product .... 4 Oat feed (hulls, shorts and middlings) . 12 Flax plant by-product .... 2 Mine RALS. Salt 63 Bone meal ...... 1 Calcium carbonate 17 Charcoal 1 It will be seen that the better grade feeds are most extensively used. Of the less common materials, palm kernel oil meal, rapeseed oil meal, rice polish, and locust bean meal (used only once) were all found in one feed, an imported dairy cake. Of the low grade feeds, oat feed and a clipped oat by-product are quite similar, the former being a residue from the manufacture of rolled oats, the latter a portion of the hull, dust and light oats separated from the seed in the preparation of clipped 27 feeding oats. Flax plant by-product is the residual material left after separating the flax fiber from the flax plant. Of the mineral supplements, salt is used in most of the dairy feeds. Bone nieal (used but once) furnishes lime and phosphorus. Charcoal has no feed value but tends to check fermentation in the digestive tract. In any event the use of inferior material is of such frequent occurrence that the purchaser should read the guarantee tag in order to be informed of what he is really purchasing. Hog Feeds. Seven brands of hog feeds were collected, the average retail price of which was about $2.50 a hundred. On the other hand, the average price of flour middlings was S2.30 and of corn meal $2.00 a hundred. While these prepared pig feeds con- tained tankage and in some cases dried buttermilk as well as other material which would increase their cost, it is not believed that their use in Massachusetts for economical pork production is warranted. Calf Meals. Ten brands of calf meal were collected. The guaranteed ingredients follow: Blatchford's Calf Meal. — Locust bean meal, flaxseed, blood flour, rice polish, linseed meal, milk albumen, barley meal, ground beans, cocoa shell meal, wheat flour, cocoanut oil meal, recleaned cottonseed meal, fenugreek, anise, salt. Eastern States Calf Meal. — Red Dog flour, soluble blood flour, linseed oil meal, oat flour, ground barley, corn meal, bone meal, salt, calcium carbonate. Elmore Calf Meal. — Red Dog flour, corn meal, oatmeal, linseed meal, reground malted barley, blood meal, dried buttermilk, bone meal, salt. Eshelman's Calf Meal. — • Cooked and baked wheat feed, Imseed meal, wheat middlings, wheat flour, oatmeal, ground Kafir corn, blood meal, ground flaxseed. Stevens' Milkade Calf Meal. — Ground malt, linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat flour, cocoanut oil meal, bone meal, rice polish, cocoa shell meal, wheat middlings, sesame oil meal, blood flour, calcium carbonate, fenugreek, anise, salt. Purina Calf Chow. — Blood flour, linseed meal, hominy feed, wheat flour, corn feed meal, salt. Cream Quality Calf Meal. — Wheat flour, linseed meal, recleaned cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, beans and lentils, hominy feed, locust bean meal, blood flour, ground flaxseed, malt flour, cocoa shell meal, dried buttermilk, fenugreek, anise, calcium carbonate, salt. Schumacher Calf Meal. — Oatmeal, ground flaxseed, ground puffed wheat, linseed meal, milk albumen, blood flour, bicarbonate of soda. Tioga Calf Food. — Oatmeal flour, bolted cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, linseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, blood flour, phosphate of lime, cane molasses, salt. The Security Food Compound for calves and hogs is more of a condimental feed than a milk substitute. It was not registered and no information is at hand which would indicate the ingredients it contains. While it is believed these mixtures will prove satisfactory for the purpose intended, it is probably true that some of them contain material which does not add to their value, for example, the cocoa shell meal. Miscellaneous Protein Feeds. Feeds m this group all contain either wheat mixed feed or wheat bran as a base together with either rye, corn or oat products. They are probably sold as wheat feed substitutes. The Welden and Milk-Mor brands contain corn flour in addition to the wheat. E-G-Co. Mixed Feed is a mixture of wheat bran, wheat middlings and rye feed. Golden Grist Mixed Feed contains oat feed in addition to wheat bran and middlings. 28 Mixed Cereal Meals. Eleven brands of ground corn and oats are reported. They were unadulterated. There is evidently a growing demand for the so-called steam-cooked feeds consisting of coarsely crushed corn and oats. Quality Steam-cooked Horse Feed, Thorobred Horse Feed, Imperial Steam-cooked Horse Feed, 1795 Steam-cooked Corn and Oats, and Horse-Sense Grain Feed are examples of this class. They consisted approximately of 50 per cent corn and 50 per cent oats and retailed at an average price of $51.00 per ton. If they have been sterilized by steam as the name implies, the fact cannot be detected by their appearance. Stock and Horse Feeds. In general this group contains feeds sho'^\'ing from 8 to 12 per cent protein and having oat feed as a base, together with other products of higher digestibility. A few contain no oat feed or other low-grade material, this fact being indicated in the fiber classification on the opposite page. The feeds with the lower fiber content are to be preferred. Molasses Feeds (less than 15 per cent protein). The greater number of feeds found in this group are intended for horse feeds. Corn, oats, alfalfa and molasses are the ingredients most frequently used. A number of brands contained one or more inferior products. Champion Challenge Dairy Feed, International Special Dairy Feed and Minnesota Dairy Feed contained grain screenings, the latter being made up entirely of grain screenings, molasses and salt. Clipped oat by-product, which is the dust, hulls and light oats separated from clipped oats, was found in Garden Spot Horse Feed, Kingfalfa Horse Feed, Inter- national Horse Feed, and Chelsea Horse Feed. Oat hulls were numbered among the ingredients found in Crescent Horse Feed, Tom Boy Stock Feed, Green Cross Horse Feed, and Whittemore's Horse Feed. Pul-Mor Horse Feed contained oat huUs and flax shives, both quite inferior in nutritive value. Inspection of Poultry Feeds. Alfalfa Meal. Three brands of alfalfa meal were collected. These were quite uniform in com- position and fuUj^ as good in quality as average alfalfa hay. Poultry Mashes and Meals. Eighteen samples of starting feeds, 32 samples of growing feeds and 90 samples of laying mashes were collected. Perfect Dry Mash, Crosby Poultry Mash, Best of All Dry Mash, Diehl's Dry Mash, Layinor Mash, Greene's Poultry Mash, and Randall's Mash contained oat feed. Blatchford's Chick Mash, Bl^tchford's Fill-The-Basket Egg Mash, and Wyandotte Mash Feed contained cocoa shell meal. It is not believed that either cocoa shell meal or oat feed will add to the value of a poultry ration. Greene's First Feed for Baby Chicks, Greene's Grofast Chick Mash, Laymor Mash, Greene's Poultry Mash, Blue Top Egg Mash and Ful-0-Pep Dry Mash contained screenings. There is a wide variation in the quality of screenings. If they consist very largely of small and broken grain they may be of considerable value providing they do not contain injurious weed seeds. Greene's First Feed for Baby Chicks contained 21.63 per cent of ash. This high ash content was due either to the shell lime or to the meat and bone scrap that the feed contained. Such a high content of ash is not advisable nor desirable. Grit and lime can be furnished much cheaper than as an ingredient of a mash. 29 •*j"0'V3 tfOPp:pQfeOpq •ii ^ u o-a la ■^ tXH is /i! ■a o c ^i OC/J -d ?, 2 K CE <; r^oo t^"<*^i^»-HO(Moo»«c^ooioco^Hooooo»-Hor^ooooooo OO ^^ O T-" O O O ^H ^H O O O O O ^H O O O O *-< O O O ^H o o ffl _ "3 , ,2 3 o<: o >> O to ^-n I" S< .'a »:s g."" 2 o o c of^ ^•" a— s,i{ CWWOSPh -d g « S (D C »-. O M o o o ffi m -^ -d •>::: ^ P ^-^ 000»OOOiO(MC!0000 *C'-HC^li— (1-HOOOi— I,— tcooO'^iO'— 'OOO OOt^t-^i-Ht^'^i-HilMOSC^JGOCCCOt-iOOiOC-l •^■^■^■^CQCOCOCOeOTj^CQlMCCCaC^Cqcq'-H ^-tOOO"*»OOCOiO'«J-iOt^CO»0000 coecoor*»CGOO»oiocOlO'HOoa>oo(^cooo coco03'-tt^os=ot^r^eoe*D^Hio«o-*iOTfCOCOCOCOCOCCCOCOCOCCC I C^ CM C^ ^ > s OSO-^OCOiOi^iOOOiOI^CMOOOOO m>»0'^COCOCCi >. c AUitiliKST, MASS. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 25 NOVEMBER, 1923 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and S. J. Broderick The farmers of Massachusetts during the past year (July 1, 1922, to July 1, 1923) used 63,709 tons of mixed and unmixed fertilizer materials, involving a total outlay of $3,149,126. Such an expend- iture for fertilizer materials warrants a most careful inspection in order that the consumer may receive adequate protection against inferiority and possible fraud. This the State has given the farmer through the control service of its Experiment Station, and the re- sults are presented in this bulletin. It is worth while for fertilizer consumers to study the various tables and comments herein pre- sented in order that they may learn at first hand the quality of the different mixtures and unmixed materials offered, and see if it may not be possible for them to buy and use fertilizers to better advantage. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST. MASS. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. J. B. LiNDSEY, Chemist INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1923. BY H. D. HASKINS, CHEMIST IN CHARGE, ASSISTED BY L. S. WALKER AND S. J. BRODERICK. MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS. During the season of 1923, 78 manufacturers, importers and dealers, including the various subsidiaries of the large companies, secured certificates for the sale of 510 brands of fertilizer and fertilizing materials in Massachusetts. The following classi- fication shows the general character of the fertilizers registered : — Complete fertilizers .... Ammoniated superphosphates Superphosphate and potash Pulverized manures .... Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish Chemicals and organic nitrogen compounds Wood ashes ..... 313 9 2 11 65 108 2 510 Although an earnest effort was made to secure representative samples of all brands registered, the sampling agents were unsuccessful in securing the following brands. Many of these were not sold in Massachusetts, although registered earlier in the season in anticipation of a normal demand for them. Manufactubeb and Brand. Grade. The American Agricultural Chem- ical Co. High Grade Dried Blood Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Fish Bone & Potash . Armour Fertilizer Works. Armours Big Crop Fertilizer 3-8-3 . Armours Big Crop Fertilizer 5-8-5 . Bone Meal 3-48 . . . . The Baker Castor Oil Co. Castor Pomace . . . . The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc. Chesapeake Four Eight Four . Consolidated Rendering Co. Tankage 7-15 .... Tankage 9-20 .... The Consumers Chemical Corp. Bone Meal .... Sheep Manure .... Dextrogerm Co. Radio-active Inoculated Peat 16-0-0 3-8-3 3-8-3 5-8-5 3-22-0 5.47-0-0 4-8-4 7-0.87-0 9-9-0 3-22-0 2.09-1.5-1.5 1.22-2-1 Manufacturer and Brand. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange. Eastern States Formula "B" . Eastern States Formula "C" . _ . Eastern States Ground Tankage' . Essex Fertilizer Co. Essex Tobacco 5-4-5 for Tobacco, Fruits and Vines . The L. T. Frisbie Co. Cottonseed Meal International Agricultural Corp. I. A. C. Special The National Fertilizer Co. National Potato Phosphate New England Fertilizer Co. New England Top Dressing 7-5-2 Nitrate Agencies Co. NACO Brand Number 7 NACO Brand Number 12 Peruvian Guano Mixture NACO Brand Number 14 Peruvian Guano Mixture Grade. 6.6-3.5-5 6.5-3-5.5 7-6.85-0 5-4-5 7.98-0-0 3-10-4 2-8-3 7-5-2 2.93-11.68-2.92 5.25-10.5-5.25 4.96-9.9-8.65 1 E. W. Martin assisted in the phosphoric acid laboratory two months, and F. J. Kokoski in the nitrogen laboratory two months. 4 Manufacturek and Brand. Grade. Manufactubeh and Brand. Grade. Nitrate Agencies Co. — Con. Ross Bros. Co. NACO Brand Number 19 Peruvian Ross Bros. Potato and Onion . 4-8-4 Guano Mixture .... 5.65-10.15-4.51 NACO Brand Number 24 Peruvian F. S. Royster Guano Co. Guano Mixture .... 6.5-8.67-8.67 Muriate of Potash .... 0-0^8 NACO Brand Acid Phosphate 0-16-0 Royster's Fine Ground Bone Meal . 3-22.90-0 NACO Brand Castor Pomace 5.98-0-0 Royster's Pure Raw Bone Meal 4.5-21.5-0 NACO Brand Muriate of Potash 0-0-48 NACO Brand Nitrapo . 17.99-0-15 Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical NACO Brand Raw Bone 4.5-20.6-0 Co. NACO Brand Steamed Bone . 3-22.88-0 Sanderson's Tobacco Grower . 5-4-0 NACO Brand Sulphate of Ammonia 25-0-0 Sanderson's Castor Pomace 5.5-0-0 NACO Brand Sulphate of Potash . 0-O-48 Sanderson's Nitrate of Soda . 18.24-0-0 NACO Brand Tankage . 10-4.58-0 Southland Cotton Oil Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. CUmax Brand Cotton Seed Meal . 8.36-0-0 Horn & Hoof Meal .... H. G. Sulphate of Potash 18.52-0-0 0-0-48.65 William Thomson & Sons' Ltd. Thomson's Special Topdressing Pawtucket Rendering Co. Manure ...... 5.17-7-3 Farm Favorite 2-8-2 2-8-2 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. Providence Farmers Exchange, Inc. V-C Deer Brand .... 3-10-4 Exchange Brand 2-8-2 . 2-8-2 Exchange Brand 4-10-0 . 4-10-0 What Cheer Chemical Co., Inc. Exchange Brand Ground Tankage Superior Brand What Cheer 4-8-4 9% 9-6.88-0 Fertihzer 4-8-4 The Pulverized Manure Co. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Wizard Brand Mixed Manure . 2.19-1-1 Wilcox Tobacco Fertilizer 5-4-5 A complete list of registrants, arranged in alphabetical order, is printed at the end of this bulletin. The registered brands anal3'zed are shown in the tables representing the various products. The responsibility for the registration of some brands of cottonseed meal sold as fertilizer, as well as of some other fertilizing products handled in interstate traffic, should be clearly understood by the local agent before he accepts an agency. An effort will be made to induce the out-of-state shipper to assume the registration of the products sold; but failing in this, the local agent or representative will be called upon to pay both the registration and tonnage fees due the state. Information will be gladly furnished at any time with respect to the status of any fertilizing product. COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. For a number of years it has been increasingly difficult to secure adequate sampling of fertilizers for the reason that only relatively small stocks are carried by the local agent, who naturally prefers to replenish his stock from time to time as the demand warrants rather than to order at one time in anticipation of his wants and perhaps be obliged to carry over a considerable quantity to the following season. Fertilizer agents are not confined to business centers, but are widely scattered throughout the country districts. Moreover, the personnel of these agents is a varying factor, the great majority of them retaining an agency for only one or two seasons. In several counties the larger portion of the fertilizer is sold direct to the consumer by traveling representatives of the fertilizer company, and practically no stocks are carried for distribution by local agents. Manj^ times delays in shipment and transportation cause the fertilizer to arrive so late in the season that it is hauled directly from the cars to the fields w^hereon it is used. From the above it wall be seen that in many instances there is only a very limited time in which representative samples of some of the brands may be secured and for this reason sampling agents were employed who had the use of automobiles to facilitate the work. The sampling agents were assigned to territories as follows: Mr. James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hamp- den and Hampshire counties; Mr. George H. Kelton, Middlesex and Worcester counties; Mr. Everett H. Kelley, Bristol, Barnstable, Dukes and Plymouth counties; and Mr. H. Theron Wiggin, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk counties. The following data are presented wath reference to the season's fertilizer collection: 19,523 sacks w'ere sampled, representing 8,492 tons of fertilizer and fertilizing mate- rials; 209 towns were visited; 1,476 samples, representing 472 distinct brands, were drawn from stock carried by 464 agents or owners; 370 former fertilizer agents were called upon, who had discontinued handling fertilizers. FERTILIZER VALUATIONS. Quotations of wholesale prices on fertilizer chemicals and crude stock materials have shown a gradual advance in case of ammonium sulfate, averaging for the six months precedmg March 1, 1923, $18.91 above the quotations for the same period in 1922. Nitrate of soda and the organic animal ammoniates have also shown a con- sistent advance, but not to the same degree. The advance in organic vegetable am- moniates has not been so great. Acid phosphate and potash salts have shown a little falling olY in price as compared with the preceding year. The following data secured from wholesale quotations furnished by the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter show the extent of price variations of the several products listed: — Material. Average Price per Ton FOR Six Months preceding March 1. 1922. 1923. $46 44 $65 35 45 93 49 96 56 30 69 40 37 79 45 82 43 53 64 54 37 23 38 73 31 39 37 30 10 81 8 81 37 72 35 38 49 15 44 56 8 42 7 84 Ammonium sulfate .... Nitrate of soda Dried blood '.15'^ ammonia) Tankage (.11-6.86 grade) Dry ground fish (11-6.87 grade) Cottonseed meal (7 ammonia) Ground steamed bone (.3-22.88 grade) . Acid phosphate (16%) .... Muriate of potash (.50.54 K2O) High grade sulfate of potash (48.65 K2O) Kainit (14-16 K2O) .... The following table of trade values was adopted by the Massachusetts fertilizer control. The figures are based on the average wholesale cash quotations on standard fertilizer chemicals and crude stock materials in New England, New York and New Jersey markets, plus 20 per cent for overhead. Quotations were secured from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter, Drug and Chemical Markets, and the American Fertilizer. Form of Plant Food. Price per Pound. Unit Price. Nitrogen. In ammonia salts ...... In nitrates ....... Organic nitrogen in fish, blood and meat . Organic nitrogen in fine' bone and tankage Organic nitrogen in coarse' bone and tankage Organic nitrogen in mixed fertihzers . Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. Phosphoric Acid. Soluble in water ........ Reverted- .......... In fine' bone and tankage and in fish In coarse' bone and tankage and in ashes . In cottonseed meal and other vegetable meals Insoluble in mixed fertilizers ..... $0 20 20 40 34 28 31 40 Potash. As sulfate . As muriate ....... In ashes and organic vegetable products $4 00 4 00 8 00 6 80 5 60 6 20 8 00 1 20 1 00 1 00 1 20 ■ Fine bone and tankage refer to particles which can pass through a sieve having circular openings 1.50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refer to particles which can not pass through the sieve. 2 Dissolved by a neutral solution of ammonium citrate, specific gravity 1.09, in accordance with method adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 6 FERTILIZER TONNAGE. The tonnage of mixed and unmLxed fertilizers sold in Massachusetts from July 1, 1922, to July 1, 1923, as compared with the tormage sold during the same period for the previous year, -was as follows : July 1, 1921, to July 1, 1922. July 1, 1922, to July 1, 1923. 47,671 2,401 15,914 46,328 Pulverized natural Unmixed fertilizing manures materials 2,341 15,040 Totals 65,986 63,709 The fertilizer sold during the season was 2,277 tons less than for 1922. Of this amount, 1,343 tons represented mixed and 934 tons unmixed materials. The following table shows the tonnage of each grade of mixed fertilizer sold, the grades having been grouped to show high and low analysis mixtures. (a) Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or over of Available Plant Food). Grade. 4-8-4 5-4-5 3-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-7 4-6-10 3-9-2 6-6-4 4-8-6 3-8-3 5-8-5 7-3-5 7-6-5 6-8-10 . 10-3-8 . 6-8-7 7-3-7 3-8-8 4-10-6 3-10-3 . 7-6-6 5-10-5 3-12-3 . 3-6-10 2-12-4 3-8-6 7-4^ 7.5-2-10.5 6-4-7 7-8-3 4.5-9-5 . 6-4-4 6-8-5 7-5-2 6-6-3 4-7-5 3-10-4 2-8-4 5-4-15 6-3-5 2-8-10 1-10-3 8-6-6 5.5-5-5.5 3-10-6 4-8-2 Tonnage. ,992 ,653 ,386 :,376 821 792 608' 495 486 442 433 398 385 317 317 284 271 251 211 211 209 195 195 188 185 180 178 156 154 148 148 147 142 133 132 132 119 110 97 95 92 83 82 75 Brands. * Low-Analysis (less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Grade. 5-3-5 . 2-8-2 . 2-8-3 . 1-8-2 . 5-4-4 3-6-4 . 5-6-1 . 4-4-4 . 3-8-2 . Miscellaneous Tonnage. 2,201 1,518 1,407 335 165 61 52 37 21 65 Brands. ' 1 The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (a) Mixed Fertilizers — Concluded. Complete Fertilizers — Concluded. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or over op Available Plant Food). Low-Analysis (less than 14 Per Cent op Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands. ' Grade. Tonnage. Brands, i 6-10-10 3-8-10 10-4-2 2-8-5 5-6-3 3-5-6 6-8-8 4-6-4 5-6-5 5-8-6 7-4-3 6.5-3-5.5 7-8-1 6-5-5 5-8-4 4-10-4 6-9-6 4-10-5 MiscelIaneou.s .... Special mixtures 62 58 56 53 52 48 47 47 42 40 37 37 25 25 21 18 17 17 71 1,383 _ 12 Totals .... Totals .... 40,226 248 5,862 63 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash. 0-12-6 41 10-3-0 31 0-12-2 31 - 2-8-0 25 - 4.5-12-0 24 - 2.5-9-0 24 - 4-10-0 20 - 6-4-0 23 - 4.86-12-0 15 - Miscellaneous Totals .... 6 - Totals .... 131 6 109 5 1 The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (b) Unmixed Fertilizing Materials and Pulverized Natural Manures. Material. Tonnage. Brands. » 4,492 21 2,69t 23 2,341 11 1,546 8 1,264 30 1,208 13 678 20 652 14 650 9 532 9 447 - 279 10 227 - 183 — 49 - 46 - 39 - 30 - 24 - Acid phosphate Nitrate of soda Pulverized manures Cottonseed meal . Ground bone Dry ground fish . Tankage Muriate of potash Sulfate of ammonia Castor pomace Wood ashes . Sulfate of potash . Rapeseed meal Sulfate of potash-magnesia Phosphate rock Nitrate of lime Precipitated bone . Kainit .... Dried blood . 17,381 183 1 The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. A study of the foregoing tables shows : — ■ 1. Seventy-three per cent of the total tonnage sold was mixed goods and 27 per cent was unmixed fertilizing materials. 2. Of the 46,328 tons of mixed goods sold, about 99.5 per cent were complete fer- tilizers and .5 per cent ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash. 3. Of the 46,088 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 87 per cent were high- analysis (14 per cent or over of available plant food) and 13 per cent low-analysis fertilizers (less than 14 per cent available plant food). 4. Of the 40,226 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, 90 per cent were furnished b}^ 29 grades and 189 brands, and 70 per cent were furnished by 6 grades and 132 brands. 5. Of the 5,862 tons of low-analysis fertilizers, 96 per cent were furnished by 5 grades and 49 brands, and 87 per cent were furnished by 3 grades and 44 brands. 6. In case of the ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash, of the 240 tons sold, about 55 per cent were high-analysis and 45 per cent low-analysis goods. 7. The tonnage of umnLxed fertilizing materials was distributed as follows: nitrogen products, 51 per cent; phosphoric acid compounds, 39 per cent; potash compounds, 10 per cent. Fortj'-two per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was derived from grades adopted as "New England Standard Nine" at a conference of fertilizer manufac- turers, station directors and agronomists held in Boston, December 30, 1922, and 65 per cent of the total tonnage deviated by 1 per cent only in nitrogen, phosphoric acid or potash from grades thus recommended. It is worthy of note that the 4-6-10 grade ranied sixth from the highest in tonnage sold, the grades nearest to this in the "New England Standard Nine" being 4-8-6 and 5-8-7. The "New England Standard Nine" comprise the following grades: 0-12-6 4-8-6 2-12-4 5-4-5 3-10-4 5-8-7 3-10-6 8-6-6 4-8-4 Deficiency Statistics. Serious deficiencies are emphasized on a subsequent page in case of those brands having a conmiercial shortage amounting to $1 or over per ton. In some instances, however, deficiencies in one or more elements have occurred which may have thrown the fertilizer somewhat out of balance, although commercial shortages of a serious nature were prevented by overruns in other ingredients. The following table gives a general study of each manufacturer's brands, indicating the seriousness of the deficiencies. The number of brands analyzed and the number approximately equal to the guarantee in commercial valuation are also shown. The data include all mixed goods analj^zed, and the deficiency statistics apply to nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash. MIXED FERTILIZERS. Manufacturer. The Alphano Humus Co. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. . Armour P>rtilizer Works Atlantic Packing Co. Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc. Bowker Fertilizer Co. Number op Brands. © 03 2 -; M °3 5 ° •^ s _ eg. g cj < Number op Tests or Determinations. 3 185 6 54 3 11 26 3 51 2 (U ^ c3 m O g 3 Manufacturer. The E. D. Chittenden Co. Clay & Son Tne Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc. John C. Dow Co. . Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Essex Fertilizer Co. The Excell Laboratories The L. T. Frisbie Co. John Glennie . Luella Hastings Thos. Hersom & Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. Henry James & Son, Inc. Lowell Fertilizer Co. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co A. G. Markham & Co. . Sylvester A. McGovern Nature's Plant Food Co. The National Fertilizer Co New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co. New England Fertihzer Co. . Nitrate Agencies Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Oyama Products Co. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co Pawtucket Rendering Co. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc The Rogers & Hubbard Co Ross Bros. Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Springfield Rendering Co. The Summers Fertilizer Co., Inc William Thomson & Sons Ltd. Victory Fertilizer Co. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. C. P. Washburn Co. What Cheer Chemical Co., Inc. Whitman & Pratt Rendering Co. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. A. H. Wood & Co. . . Worcester Rendering Co. Number of Brand.s. 2 3 B's Number of Tests or Determinations. OX! . "^ o a ^^ S m 3 \^— ' » S 3 oOO The following table shows the nature and extent of the deficiencies in mixed fer- tilizers recorded during the season, as compared with similar data for the two previous years. 1922. 1923. Brands deficient in one element Brands deficient in two elements Brands deficient in three elements . Brands deficient in nitrogen Brands deficient in available phosphoric acid Brands deficient in potash ... 1.32 3.3 7 48 118 134 34 116 20 3 52 46 67 The summary of serious commercial shortages in mixed fertilizers, as compared with the past five years, is given on page 10: — 10 Number op Brands. Amount of Shortage. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. More than $5 Between S4 and $5 Between S3 and S4 Between $2 and 83 Between $1 and $2 1 2 6 7 11 None 1 2 2 10 2 2 3 3 14 4 1 4 4 14 None None None 1 7 None None None None 4 The above tables show a marked improvement in 1923 over former years, in the maintenance of the guarantees on mixed fertiHzers. They indicate effort on the part of manufacturers to so organize their forces as to reduce to the minimum accidental variation in the composition of fertilizers. It is hoped that the present standard of efficiency may be maintained. Mixing Efficiency. The following table has been prepared to show to what extent the various com- panies have been successful in making their mixtures conform to the minimum guar- antees. It is based upon the percentage of plant food guaranteed by the several companies, on the statements of tonnage data rendered by these companies, and on the results of experunent station sampling and analysis. Manufacturers included in this table are confined to those having four or more brands registered, sampled and analyzed. Average Percentage of Plant Food above or below the Minimum Guarantee. Manufacturer. Available Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. The American Agricultural Chemical Co + .12 + .36 -.004 Armour Fertilizer Works . + .14 + .38 + .16 Beach Soap Co. + .42 +2.50 + .30 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. . + .22 + 1.00 + .86 Bowker Fertihzer Co. + .17 + .51 + .02 The E. D. Chittenden Co. + .41 + .82 + .60 The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc. + .14 + .50 + .14 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . -.06 +1.27 + .33 Essex Fertilizer Co + .10 + .35 + .25 The L. T. Frisbie Co. . . . + .08 + .003 + .22 A. W. Higgins, Inc + .14 + .16 + .60 International Agricultural Corp. + .20 + .35 + .54 Lowell Fertilizer Co. + .09 + .70 + .20 The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano 3o. + .61 + 1.01 + .05 A. G. Markham & Co. . -.05 + .86 + .56 The National Fertilizer Co. -.001 + .19 + .11 New England Fertihzer Co. + .23 + .58 + .28 Olds & Whipple, Inc. + .3.5 +1.17 + .89 Parmenter & Polsey Fertihzer Co. . + .23 + .58 + .17 Pawtucket Rendering Co. + .06 + .25 + .27 The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . + .12 + .08 + .20 F. S. Royster Guano Co. . -.09 + .23 + .36 Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co. + .27 + .11 + .34 Springfield Rendering Co. + .15 + .50 + .32 Virginia-Carohna Chemical Co. + .22 + .95 + .25 Whitman & Pratt Rendering Co. + .22 + .60 -.004 The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . + .17 + .14 + .12 A. H. Wood & Co + .05 -.17 +1.01 Worcester Rendering Co + .05 + .32 -.18 The above table shows that of the 29 manufacturers, — 21 showed an overrun in all of the elements guaranteed. 25 showed an overrun and 4 a shortage in nitrogen. 28 showed an overrun and 1 a shortage in available phosphoric acid. 26 showed an overrun and 3 a shortage in potash. The data indicate that in most instances, particularly among the larger companies, provision is made for a suitable margin of overruns. In case of some of the smaller manufacturers more attention might be profitably given to the chemical composition of the crude stock materials which make up the fertilizer formula. 11 Inferior Forms of Organic Nitrogen. For the past eighteen years or more the quality of the organic nitrogen in mixed fertilizers has been studied by the agricultural chemist. For the past thirteen years this Station has, in the tabulation of the analytical data on fertilizer inspection, indi- cated the quality of the water insoluble organic nitrogen on all brands analyzed. That this _has_ been at least partly responsible for the improvement in the quality of the organic nitrogen which the fertilizers have contained there can be no question. The two laboratory methods commonly used in studying the activity of the water insoluble nitrogen in fertilizers are known as the "Jones Alkaline Permanganate Method" and the "Street's Neutral Permanganate Method." No one having a cor- rect understanding of the matter disputes the chemist's ability by means of these methods to pick out those brands which contain the more inferior forms of water insoluble organic nitrogen. There does exist, however, considerable difference of opinion as to what the results show and how they shall be interpreted. Nitrogen activity by the laboratory methods does not mean the same thing as nitrogen availability by vege- tation tests. In fact, comparisons made on many samples both at the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station and the Massachusetts Station show that the neutral permanganate method gives much higher figures in activity than does the vegetation test in availability. On the other hand, the alkaline permanganate method not infre- quently, particularly in case of mix-tures containing organic vegetable ammoniates, gives considerably lower figures in activity than does the vegetation test in avail- ability. It is generally understood by the trade and by the control chemist that any fertilizer containing its water insoluble nitrogen in forms to give an activity of less than 80 by the neutral and less than 50 by the alkaline permanganate method shall be considered as containing organic nitrogen of an inferior form. Some chemists who are qualified to speak with authority believe that the passing mark in case of the alka- line method should be raised by five points, making it 55 instead of 50. It is not un- common for two chemists in studying the organic nitrogen activity on the same sample of fertilizer to obtain results which vary from one to three points, and in some cases even more; particularly is this apt to be the case if the type of apparatus used in the two laboratories is different. It might also be said that in this as in almost all opera- tions, experience is an important factor. In the 1922 fertilizer inspection in this State two brands of fertilizer representing grades 2-8-2 and 2-8-3 were found by the laboratory methods to contain organic nitrogen of an inferior quality. At the request of the manufacturer the sealed dupli- cate samples, as provided by the law, were forwarded to their chemist for checking purposes, who reported back a test of over 50 activity on one of the brands; the check results were, however, under 55 activity in all cases. A study by us of the results of analysis of grades 2-8-2 and 2-8-3 put out by the manufacturer showed that 14 brands and 48 samples of the 2-8-2 grade, and 16 brands and 48 samples of the 2-8-3 grade had given activities of water insoluble organic nitrogen between 46 and 54 by the alkaline permanganate method. It seemed worth while, therefore, to study the actual crop producing power of the water insoluble nitrogen in these two tj^pes of fer- tilizer, by the use of vegetation tests, in order to confirm the reliability of the labora- tory methods used in detecting the presence of low-grade organic ammoniates. Plans therefore were made to conduct such tests not only with the two brands in question, but also with the various brands belonging to the same two grades that were put out by this company. Vegation Test for Nitrogen Activity. The soil used for the experiment was taken from one of the Experiment Station fields. No nitrogen fertilizer or animal manure has been applied to this soil since 1890. It has received annually durmg this period, 320 pounds of dissolved boneblack (acidulated phosphate) and 160 pounds of muriate of potash per acre. The only nitrogen which the soil has received for nearly a third of a century has resulted from crop residues or natural sources common to fields under usual farm management. One part by weight of this soil was mixed with two parts of sifted sand, and forty- three pounds of this mixture was weighed into each pot. 12 Each pot received the following basic fertilizer application: — 25 grams of fine ground limestone. 5 grams of sulfate of potash-magnesia. 5 grams of muriate of potash. 9 grams of acid phosphate. 18 grams of basic slag phosphate. Nitrogen Applications. Number of Pots. Source of Nitrogen. Grams of Nitrogen per Pot. None Nitrate of soda . Dried red blood . Dried red blood . Washed dried red blood Washed dried red blood Washed fertilizer, grade 2-8-2 Washed fertilizer, grade 2-8-2 Washed fertilizer, grade 2-8-3 Washed fertilizer, grade 2-8-3 .42 .421 .841 .42 .84 .42 .84 .42 .84 1 .42 grams per pot equivalent to 59.5 lbs. nitrogen per acre. .84 grams equivalent to 119 lbs. per acre. The commercial fertilizers and one series of the dried blood were washed with suc- cessive portions of distilled water so as to remove all water soluble nitrogen. The water insoluble portion, dried at a low temperature, was used in the vegetation pot work. Each fertilizer residue was tested for nitrogen and also for nitrogen activity by both the alkaline and neutral permanganate methods, in order to secure data for comparison with the vegetation experiment. The various nitrogen products, as weU as the basic fertilizer applications, were mixed with the whole volume of soil in each pot. Oats were selected as the crop to be grown. The crop was harvested when in milk by cutting even with the ground, each pot having its full quota of plants (ten) at har- vest time. Dry matter determinations were made on the air dried products. The care of the experiment during the growing season was in charge of Mr. R. L. Coffin, who has had many j^ears of experience in this line of work. Results are presented in the following table. The relative nitrogen availability is calculated from the average increased yields over the no-nitrogen pots, the average increase from the washed dried blood being placed arbitrarily at 80 for each quantity of application. For the sake of comparison the activity of the nitrogen in each source of organic nitrogen used, as determined by the two laboratory methods under discus- sion, is included. In the case of the unwashed blood, this activity is calculated on the total nitrogen basis, and includes water soluble organic as well as the active water insoluble organic nitrogen. u a -2 si. ve Nitrogen Avail- ty; Washed Dried )dat80. Basis Dry ter recovered. 2^1 C — _; +3 0) o Pot Number. Nitrogen Source. 03 o «i3- o u -a a) "3 ft g<3 o |:eI ^11 i|l 2^ git 2 Coo O >i < < « o o 1 A None 14.681 IB None - 16.03 \ 14.93 - - - _ IC None - 14.07 J 2A Nitrate of soda .... .42 20.311 2B Nitrate of soda .... .42 21.36 \ 20.84 5.91 40.94 - _ 2C Nitrate of soda .... .42 20.85 J 3A Dried blood, unwashed . .42 24.901 SB Dried blood, unwashed . .42 24.93 \ 25.62 10.69 74.04 78.82 93.80 3C Dried blood, unwashed . .42 27.04 J 1 Diied blood 3 A to 4 C inclusive received their nitrogen from unwashed material. 13 Pot Number. Nitrogen Source. a S3 S 3 o _ a ■ H 11. Jo5 Nitrogen Avail- ; Washed Dried it 80. Basis Dry recovered . a o s all o<1Ph ■oS all s,|(2 g^-il S.H-g 2« .2^ 2s fl elati abili Bloc Mat o • >H < < « a O 4A Dried blood, unwashed . .84 30.961 4B Dried blood, unwashed . 84 31.60 \ 32.61 J 31.72 16.79 73.92 78.82 93.80 4C Dried blood, unwashed . 84 5A Fertilizer 2-8-2 washed 2 42 17.771 5B Fertilizer 2-8-2 washed . 42 21.28 18.80 3.87 26.81 44.64 73.80 5C Fertilizer 2-8-2 washed . 42 17.35 J 6A Fertilizer 2-8-2 washed . 84 21.531 6B Fertilizer 2-8-2 washed . 84 20.16 1- 21.06 6.13 26.99 44.64 73.80 6C Fertilizer 2-8-2 washed . 84 21.50 J 7A Fertilizer 2-8-3 washed' 42 17.95] 7B Fertilizer 2-8-3 washed . 42 17.72 17.43 2.50 17.32 47.60 77.60 70 Fertilizer 2-8-3 washed . 42 16.61 J 8A Fertilizer 2-8-3 washed . 84 20.211 8B Fertilizer 2-8-3 washed . 84 21.82 !• 18.94 J 20.32 5.39 23.73 47.60 77.60 8C Fertilizer 2-8-3 washed . 84 9A Diied blood washed 42 29.02 1 9B Dried blood washed 42 24.08 \ 26.48 11.55 80.00 75.40 91.40 9C Dried blood washed 42 26.35 J 10 A Dried blood washed 84 30.15 1 10 B Dried blood washed 84 34.70 33.10 18.17 80.00 75.40 91.40 IOC Dried blood washed 84 34.44 J 1 Dried blood 3 A to 4 C inclusive received their nitrogen from unwashed material. 2 Composite made by equal weights of 14 brands and 48 samples. ' Composite made by equal weights of 16 brands and 48 samples. Note. — The insoluble nitrogen activities, as taken from the 1922 inspection data on the above mentioned two grades of mixed fertilizer, as determined by the alkaline permanganate method, varied from 46 to 54 per cent. The activities given in the table were determined on the washed and dried residues prepared for this vegeta- tion test. A study of the table suggests the following conclusions: 1. Both grades of fertilizer which, upon individual analysis of the thirty brands of which the two grades were composed, showed water insoluble nitrogen activities ranging from 46 to 54 per cent, actually showed an average nitrogen availability, measured by their crop producing power, of less than 24 per cent, the 2-8-2 averag- ing 26.90 and the 2-8-3, 20.53. 2. On these thirty particular brands, it apparently would have worked no injustice upon the manufacturer had the passing mark or standard been set at 55 instead of 50 for the alkaline permanganate method. Had the standard been 55, the water in- soluble nitrogen in each case would have been graded "inferior," a fact which is cer- tainly borne out in this experiment by their actual crop producing power as com-' pared with dried blood. 3. The neutral permanganate method was quite as effective as the alkaline method in grading the nitrogen supplied by the blood and the two grades of mixed fertilizer, although the latter method gave insoluble nitrogen activities which more nearly cor- respond to the availabilities as established by the vegetation test. 4. Judging from this experiment, there is ample justification for raising the standard of the alkaline method to 55. Nitrogen in Mixed Fertilizers. The following graphs have been prepared to show the average make-up and quality of the nitrogen found in mixed commercial fertilizers sold in Massachusetts during the season. In this study the fertilizers were divided into five groups according to the guarantee of ammonia, as follows: brands with less than 2 per cent ammonia (30 samples); between 2 and 3 per cent (170 samples); between 3 and 4 per cent 14 (190 samples); between 4 and 5 per cent (315 samples); and 5 per cent or over (228 samples). Fig. 1. — Proportion of Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Found. '\////Wm///m/m ^\ ^r ^? ^1^ '^\ ^ ^? ^'l" A™»0'»ia Guarantee Below 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 or over The shaded portion indicates mineral, the unshaded portion organic, in 100 parts of nitrogen. The above graph shows that as the ammonia guarantee is increased, the proportion of mineral nitrogen is increased, so that in those brands having an ammonia guarantee between 4 and 5, over one-half is in the form of nitrates or anunoniates. The data presented above raise the question of the economy of supplying such a large propor- tion of organic nitrogen in those brands having a low ammonia guarantee. These goods are probably used chiefly as a supplement to the manure supply of tlie farm. Since the nitrogen in manure is relatively slow acting, it follows that it should be supplemented by quick acting rather than by further applications of slow acting nitrogen. Fig. 2. — Percentage of Total Nitrogen in Active Form. Based on the alkaline permanganate method and the assumption that all of the water soluble nitrogen is active. 100 Amnonia Guarantee Below 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 or over The shaded portion represents active, the unshaded portion inactive, nitrogen. The above graph indicates a surprisingly slight difference in the activity of the total nitrogen in the various grades. The use of an increased proportion of mineral nitrogen is probably responsible for the slightly increased activity in the nitrogen of the high ammonia grades. g-^ Active versus Inactive Organic Nitrogen. Fig. 3. — Percentage of Total Organic Nitrogen in Active Form. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ananonia Guarantee Below 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 or over Fig. 4. — Percentage of Water Insoluble Nitrogen in Active Form. 30 40 50 60 VO 80 90 100 Ammonia Guarantee Below 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 or over The shaded portion represents active, the unshaded portion inactive, organic nitrogen by the alkaline per- manganate method. In Figure 3, the active organic nitrogen includes the water soluble and the active water insoluble forms. 15 The graphs representing active versus inactive organic nitrogen show that the activity of the water insoluble nitrogen improves as the ammonia guarantee is in- creased. The slightly lower activity of the total organic nitrogen in case of those brands with an ammonia guarantee of 5 per cent or over is due no doubt to the pres- ence of organic vegetable ammoniates such as cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc., foimd in the brands for tobacco. The alkaline permanganate method is not as well suited for this class of materials as is the neutral method, which places them among the high grade products where they belong. The following table lists those brands which were found during the 1923 inspection to have their water insoluble nitrogen in forms testing under 50 by the alkaline and under 80 by the neutral permanganate methods, and which did not show a sufficient overrun of total nitrogen so that the minimum guarantee was met by the more active forms. Grade. Activity op Water Insoluble Organic Nitrogen (Per Cent). Brands. Alkaline Permanganate Method. Neutral Permanganate Method. A. W. Higgins, Inc. Old Deerfield 2-8-4 . . . . . A. H. Wood & Co. Wood's Justrite 4-8-7 Wood's Justrite 4-10-5 Wood's Justrite 6-8-8 Wood's Justrite 7-4-3 2-8-4 4-8-7 4-10-5 &-8-8 7-4-3 35.40 33.20 30.40 35.40 29.00 67.60 62.60 73.00 65.80 56.20 Note. — The pulverized manures and Alphano Humus are not listed in the table. These products invariably show a low activity of their water insoluble organic nitrogen. Percentage, Character and Cost of Plant Food. The average composition of mixed fertilizers and the cost of plant food in high- analysis versus low-analysis mixtures are shown in the following tables : — ■ Form of Plant Food. Percentage in High-analysis Brands ( 14 Per Cent or over of Available Plant Food). Percentage in Low-analysis Brands 'under 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Total nitrogen ..... Nitrogen as nitrates and ammoniates . Water soluble organic nitrogen Active water insoluble organic nitrogen Inactive water insoluble organic nitrogen Total phosphoric acid .... Soluble phosphoric acid Reverted phosphoric acid Insoluble phosphoric acid Potassium oxide 3.59 1.77 .85 .55 .42 8.85 4.67 3.30 .88 5.73 2.06 .75 .54 .43 .34 8.70 4.43 3.39 .88 2.75 Percentage of total nitrogen in mineral form ... ... Percentage activity of total nitrogen Percentage activity of organic nitrogen .... ... Percentage acti\'ity of water insoluble organic nitrogen .... 49 88 77 57 36 83 74 56 Percentage of total phosphoric acid in available form .... Percentage of available phosphoric acid in water soluble form . 90 59 89 57 Note. — Of the total number of brands analyzed, 17 per cent failed to meet the minimum guarantee of nitro- gen; 15 per cent, the minimum guarantee of available phosphoric acid; 22 per cent, the minimum guarantee of potash. Forty-two brands of tobacco fertilizer showed an average of .17 per cent of chlorine, equivalent to .36 per cent of muriate of potash. 16 High Analysis. Low Analysis. Average selling price of fertilizer per ton Average commercial valuation of fertilizer per ton Average money difference between selling price and valuation Percentage difference $49 72 $32 56 $17 16 62.7 $42 22 $22 50 $19 72 87.6 Average pound cost of — Mineral nitrogen (cents) Organic nitrogen (cents) ........... Available phosphoric acid (cents) Potash as muriate (cents) 30.5 47.3 8.4 6.1 37.5 58.1 10.3 7.5 The above table shows that the increased cost of a pound of nitrogen from nitrates and ammoniates has been about 7 cents; of organic nitrogen 10.8 cents; of available phosphoric acid 1.9 cents; and of potash 1.4 cents, when derived from brands which furnish less than 14 per cent of available plant food. These increases would be some- what more if freights, cartage and handling were taken into consideration. The above increases assume considerable proportions when considered from the standpoint of a common fertiUzer application per acre. In case of a 4-8-6 brand, which is not infre- quently used at the rate of one ton per acre for garden vegetables and potatoes, the 66 pounds of nitrogen, 160 pounds of available phosphoric acid and 120 pounds of potash would actually cost over Sll more per acre if bought in form of the average low-analysis mixtures. Explanation of Tables of Analyses. The column headed "Grade of Fertilizer" gives the minimum guarantee of ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash. To convert ammonia to nitrogen, multiply by the factor .82. Under "Approximate Commercial Valuation per Ton" in the table headed "Mix- tures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton" is found the sum of the calculated valuation of each element, based on analysis and the trade values found on a preceding page of the bulletin. Under "Approximate Commercial Shortage per Ton" in the same table is shown the approximate valuation of the low tests or deficiencies per ton of fertilizer, based on Station analysis. In arriving at these figures the value of overruns was used in aU cases to offset shortages. Under "Nitrogen", the column headed "Proportion in Water Soluble Form" in- cludes nitrogen as nitrates and ammoniates and water soluble organic nitrogen, aU of which are kno^vn to be readily available. Under "Quality of Organic", good indi- cates an activity of the water insoluble nitrogen of 55 per cent or better by the alka- line permanganate method; passed indicates an activity between 50 and 55 per cent; inferior indicates an activity below 50 per cent, all being measured by the same labo- ratory method. All samples representing brands containing nitrogen of questionable quality are subjected to tests by the neutral permanganate method, which gives some- what more favorable results on ammoniates of an organic vegetable origin. AU samples are passed without question which show an activity of 80 per cent or better by this method, even though they have showTi an activity below 50 per cent by the alkaline method. All samples are passed which show the sum of the mineral, water soluble organic and active water insoluble organic nitrogen equivalent to the minimum guar- antee, even though the activity of the water insoluble organic nitrogen may be below 50 and 80 per cent by the laboratory methods. Serious deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. The smiplified method of presenting results of analyses of fertilizer mixtures sub- stantially complying with the guarantee, which was adopted in 1921, is followed this season. These tables are self-explanatory. Detailed results of analysis of any brand inspected will be furnished to any one sufficiently interested to make application for the same. 17 ^^ M o o o o O =i o o •paa^uBaBtio t^ o oo CO -- o m CO CI ■.** t^ o o •pnno^ u> e> oj CO ^2 o Q o o o o o z J •paa^uBaBn^ 05 I- t^ Q O ^^ >n ^ o Eh Ol CO o> o ^g •punoj t-^ e^ o zj oPh o o o o Wo s^ o ►J •paa'jn'BJBnQ o 00 o CO o CO o CP T-H P3 ej o a o H •punoji c» o oo o CO o Oi OS CI o £ •paa^u'Ba'BnQ CM CO CO ■^ ^ o " ^ J P -jj o o »» t- 00 "i. S^ •pntio^ m « >* (h 'A f o O O « rH T3 13 t4 o •n <©■ ^ ■oinBSJO }o X^tj-enf) O o 1 O O fS "S o i\ -r\ i's ^ ni aotjjodojj •9jn:>sioj\[ 00 od CO o "3 2 •uox J8d aSB^Joqg jbio ?, o oo £2 -jarauioQ e^Boiixojddy e^ -H -H — V g o M '^l t^ H •nox J8d noii'BTi|Bj\ ^bio C3> QO CO O -j9uiraoQ b^Buiixoaddv o 99 s CO CO o ed 1 O s I bo •jaziii'fjaj; jo ap^jQ ■^ 2 s •S M< ^ o ■ t/2 o "3. a c3 i >> >. a h » C3 ^ tH 5 b o O 2 'a 2 d ^ 3 .3 5 o o £ > .2 n II P a o egg F «1 Material. a < C! ffi , S a fig? it Percen lable P Acod. o a 0.2 fe-s 3 u 0) oj 3 6 (B CS « r: o a i IB 1^ ^3 S3 >> o a 'A ;5 < < < < < < O Nitrate of soda 82 25 15.34 _ _ _ S70 78 $60 58 23.1 (nitrogen) Sulfate of ammonia 16 11 20.36 - - - 88 00 81 51 21. C (nitrogen) Dried blood 3 3 11.19 4.61 - - 100 00 94 12 44.7 (nitrogen) Cottonseed meal 28 28 6.89 2.74 - 1.87 56 63 55 09 41.1 (nitrgoen)' Rapeseed meal 3 3 5.81 1.75 - 1.26 48 00 46 51 41.3 (nitrogen) 1 Castor pomace 14 14 5.02 1.79 - 1.07 36 78 40 14 36.6 (mtrogen)i Acid phosphate 75 26 - 17.61 16.88 - 24 88 19 76 7.4 (.available phosphoric acid) Precipitated bone . 3 3 - 39.63 38.27 - 56 00 39 10 7.3 (available phosphoric acid) Sulfate of potash 20 10 - - - 49.72 55 46 59 67 5.6 (potash) Sulfate of potash-mag- nesia .... 6 6 - - - 27.98 37 00 33 57 6.6 (potash) Muriate of potash . 34 15 - - - 50.92 48 14 40 74 4.7 (potash) Kainit .... 1 1 - - - 14.16 20 00 11 33 7.1 (.potash) Dry ground fish 35 30 8.37 7.37 5.49 - 71 53 73 22 39.0 f nitrogen) Tankage 2 .... 33 22 7.48 12.75 - - 50 91 57 76 26.4 (nitrogen) Ground bone^ . 71 27 2.88 25.29 - - 53 31 41 72 - Wood ashes* 12 12 - 1.70 - 4.42 33 88 5 84 33.3 (potash) Pulverized sheep manure 54 7 1.90 1.23 - 3.46 50 98 16 67 - - Pulverized cattle manure 1 1 2.22 1.38 - 1.93 - 17 74 - - Pulverized poultry manure 4 2 4.34 2.67 ~ 1.37 54 00 32 88 ~ ~ ' The average value of the phosphoric acid and potash in a ton of cottonseed meal is about $3.69, in rapeseed meal about $2.41, and in castor pomace about $2.29. These values were not included in computing commercial valuations nor in calculating the cost of nitrogen. 2 Average tankage finer than 1,^0 inch diameter, 49.49 per cent; coarser than Ypo inch, 50.51 per cent. 3 Average bone finer than Vso inch diameter, 62.90 per cent; coarser than 1/50 inch, 37.10 per cent. < Average of analyses showed 5.56 per cent acid soluble potash, 16.33 per cent water, and 11.52 per cent insoluble earthy matter. Nitrogen Compounds. The analyses of those fertilizing materials valued chiefly for their nitrogen are given in the following tables. Averages are given when more than one analysis was made of any brand. Boldface type represents serious deficiencies. Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia. Brands Substantlvlly Meeting theib Guarantees. Manufacturer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co Armour Fertilizer Works . The Barrett Co. ... Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertihzer Co. Bowker Fertilizer Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. The Consumers Chemical Corp. John C. Dow Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. . International Agricultural Corp. Merrimac Chemical Co. . Nitrate of Soda. Number of Samples. 19 4 1 41 10 162 1 1 5 2 2 1 NITROGEN. Found. 15.54 15.20 15.62 15.06 15.24 15.55 15.02 15.06 15.18 15.05 15.42 15.32 Guaran- teed. 15.00 14.81 15.00 14.80 15.00 15.50 14.80 14.80 14.80 15.00 15.00 15.00 Sulfate of Ammonia. Number of Samples. NITROGEN. Found. 20.46 20.76 20.50 20.60 20.54 Guaran- teed. 20.16 20.75 20.50 20.55 20.57 1 Two analyses made. 2 Three analyses made. 25 Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia — Concluded. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees — Concluded. Nitrate of Soda. Sulfate of Ammonia. M.^NUFACTURER. Number of Samples. NITROQEN. Number of Samples. NITROGEN. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Middlesex County Farm Bureau Nitrate Agencies Co. N. J. Fertilizer & Chemical Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Ross Bros. Co F. S. Royster Guano Co. . C. P. Washburn Co. . The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . Worcester Gas Light Co. . 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 15.14 15.58 15.09 15.04 14.84 15.53 15.50 15.68 14.98 15.26 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 14.81 15.50 15.00 15.00 14.60 15.00 1 2 1 20.62 20.60 20.14 20.50 20.57 20.00 Brands showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. The Barrett Co. i - - 22 19.27 20.75 1 One sample collected at Amherst showed a commercial shoitage of $9.24 per ton; one collected in Westfield showed a shortage of $2.60 per ton. 2 Two analyses made. Dried Blood. Manufacturer. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Found. Guaranteed. Found. Consolidated Rendermg Co Lowell Fertilizer Co N. J. Fertilizer & Chemical Co. . 1 1 1 10.12 10.21 13.24 9.84 9.84 13.16 6.74 5.74 1.35 Cottonseed Meal, Castor Pomace and Rapeseed Meal. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. !)f umber of Samples. Nitrogen. Manufacturer. Material. Found. Guaran- teed. The American Agricultural Chem- ical Co. The American Cotton Oil Co. Armour Fertilizer Works The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. . The L. T. Frisbie Co. . A. W. Higgins, Inc. . . i Humphreys-Godwin Co. . j Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Castor Pomace Longhorn Brand Cotton Seed Mea Castor Pomace Castor Pomace Castor Pomace Old Deerfield Castor Pomace . Old Deerfield Rapeseed Meal . Bull Brand Cottoaseed Meal . Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal •Unit " A " Cottonseed Meal . 0 & W Castor Pomace . 1 1 1 2 2 5 2 14 1 1 3 2 5.23 7.22 4.86 4.95 4.75 5.11 6.23 7.02 5.85 7.02 7.36 5.26 4.53 6.87 4.61 4.93 4.52 4.93 5.76 6.87 5.75 6.58 7.00 4.94 26 Cottonseed Meal, Castor Pomace and Rapeseed Meal — Concluded. Brands showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. Material. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Manufacturee . Found. Guaran- teed. The Berkshire Fertihzer Co. . A. W. Higgins, Inc. Humphreys-Godwin Co. . i Geo. B. Robinson, Jr. . Castor Pomace .... Old Deerfield Rapeseed Meal . Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal . Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal Cotton Seed Meal .... 11 r- 13 2* 35 4.75 4.99 6.26 6.24 6.64 4.93 .5.76 6.87 6.58 6.88 1 A fample of this brand collected at Amherst showed a commercial shortage of $1.44 per ton; commercial valuation found, $38.00. Two other samples were well up to the guarantee. 2 This sample was collected at Whately. It had a commercial valuation of $39.92, and showed a commercial shortage per ton of $6.16. Two other samples were well up to the guarantee. ' This sample wag collected at North Hadley. It had a commercial valuation of 350.08, and showed a commer- cial shortage of $4.88 per ton. Fourteen other samples were well up to the guarantee. * One sample collected at Chicopee Falls had a commercial valuation of $51.20, and a commercial shortage of $1.44 per ton. Another sample, collected at Westfield, had a commercial valuation of $48.56 and a commercial shoitage of $4.08 per ton. 5 Two samples collected at Westfield and one at West Hatfield had commercial valuations of $52.48, $54.00 and $52.80, and commercial shortages of $2.56, $1.04 and $2.24, respectively. Note. — Each sample was analyzed separately. Averages are given in all cases where more than one sample was analyzed. Proper rebates were allowed for deficiencies. Phosphoric Acid Compounds. The following table gives the analyses of those products valued chiefly for their phosphoric acid. Insoluble phosphoric acid tests, as well as moisture determinations, were made in all cases, but are omitted from the table to save space. The difference between the total and available gives the insoluble phosphoric acid. Manufacturer. The American Agricultural Chem- ical Co. .... Armour Fertilizer Works Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertihzer Co. Bowker Fertilizer Co. The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc. Consolidated Rendering Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. I Henry James & Son, Inc. N. J. Fertihzer & Chemical Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co. Virginia-Carohna Chemical Co. C. P. Washburn Co. . . . The Wilcox Fertihzer Co. Brand. High Grade Acid Phosphate Big Crop Acid Phosphate . Beach's Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate .... Precipitated Bone Phosphate Bowker's 16% Acid Phosphate E. Frank Coe's 16% Superphosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Eastern States Acid Phosphate 16% Old Deerfield Acid Phosphate Precipitated Bone Buffalo Sixteen Percent I. A. C. Acid Phosphate 16% Acid Phosphate . Acid Phosphate . O & W Precipitated Bone Phosphate Exchange Brand Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Royster's 16% Acid Phosphate Sanderson's Acid Phosphate V-C Universal Brand . Acid Phosphate . Wilcox Acid Phosphate Num- ber of Sam- ples. 121 61 1 1 1 6 1 111 6 52 1 61 5 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 Total Phos- phoric Acid. 17.91 17.49 17.63 17.45 38.38 17.83 17.76 17.37 17.48 17.55 39.44 17.69 17.22 17.12 17.81 41. OS 16.86 18.19 17.55 17.55 19.03 17.78 17.88 Available Phosphoric Acid. Found. 16.91 17.33 17.50 17.45 36.34 17.24 16.89 17.11 16.54 16.13 38.73 16.61 16.79 16.92 16.13 39.75 16.20 18.19 15.89 17.14 17.01 16.22 17.88 Guar- anteed. 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 38.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 38.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 38.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 1 Two analyses made. 2 Four analyses made. 27 Potash Compounds. The two tables following represent those chemicals valued chiefly for their potash. Muriate and High-grade Sulfate. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Manufacturer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works . Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. The Consumers Chemical Corp. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. . N. J. Fertihzer & Chemical Co. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. F. S. Rovster Guano Co. . The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . Muriate of Potash. Number of Samples. 5 1 3 1 1 111 1 2 41 1 Found. 49.72 52.52 50.48 50.80 52.24 51.11 51.84 51.76 52.61 52.88 49.63 54.12 Guaran- teed. 48.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 50.50 High grade Sulfate of Potash. Number of Samples. Found. 49.64 50.44 49.07 51.52 50.24 49.79 49.00 49.92 Guaran- teed. 48.00 50.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 Brands showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. International Agricultural Corp. 12 44.58 48.00 - - 1 Two analyses made. 2 Sampled at Foxborough. Commercial shortage per ton, .S2.74. Commercial valuation found, $35.66 per ton. Only two 200-pound sacks were sampled, this being the extent of the stock on hand. No other lots were found. Double Manure Salts and Kainit. Material. Number of Samples. Potash. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. . A. W. Higgins, Inc Olds & Whipple, Inc Kainit Double Manure Salts . Old Deerfield Sulfate of Pot- ash Magnesia . Double Manure Salts . 1 21 32 1 14.16 27.05 28.35 28.72 14.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 ' Two analyses made. 2 Three analyses made. Potash in the form of sulfate of potash-magnesia usually costs somewhat more per unit than does potash from high-grade sulfate. Assuming that this increased cost is due to the presence of the magnesia salt, more than the usual attention should be paid to the content of this ingredient which the product carries. The average magnesium oxide in the three brands analyzed was 10.28 per cent, and varied from 7.48 per cent to 12.82 per cent. The sample containing the lowest percentage of magnesia was found to contain 19.18 per cent of gypsum or calcium sulfate, which furnishes strong evi- dence that the product was a mixture of high grade sulfate of potash, double manure salt and gypsum. One other sample contained 10.29 per cent of gypsum. The sample containing the highest percentage of magnesia was found to contain only 4.49 per cent of the calcium salt. Although it is not the usual custom to guarantee the mag- nesium oxide in this product, yet for the protection of his customers the importer should insist that the salt be true to name. In the compilation of analyses of fertilizer chemicals issued from the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station in 1919, the average of eighty-two analyses made in the station laboratories previous to that date gives the content of magnesium oxide in sulfate of potash-magnesia as 13.62 per cent. The content of chlorine present in the three brands analyzed ran from 1.5 to a little under 2 per cent. 28 Raw Products supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. Dry Ground Fish. Bhands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Number of Nitrogen. Phcsphoric Acid. Mancfacturer. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. 41 8.24 8.23 8.27 6.00 Armour Fertilizer Works 1 8.95 8.22 8.44 4.00 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co 72 8.38 8.23 7.47 6.00 The E. D. Chittenden Co 2 7.94 8.00 7.96 6.00 The L. T. Frisbie Co 3' 8.41 8.23 8.40 6.40 A. W. Higgins, Inc | 23 1 9.95 8.59 9.86 8.23 6.45 4.87 5.00 5.00 Olds & Whipple, Inc 23 8.42 8.23 6.98 5.50 The Rogers & Hubbard Co 1 9.08 8.23 7.68 7.00 F. S. Royster Guano Co 4« 8.33 8.23 6.73 5.00 The Wilcox Fertilizer Co 23 9.09 9.04 7.66 6.00 Brands showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. . The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. 1 5 3« 7.75 7.78 8.23 8.23 7.93 7.07 6.00 6.00 ' Four analyses made. 2 Five analyses made. 3 Two analyses made. * Three analyses made. ^ One sample, collected at Northampton, showed a commercial shortage of $2.32 per ton; the commercial valu- ation being $68.27. Four samples met the guarantee. ' Three samples, collected at Amherst, showed commercial shortages as follows: $1.80, $2.77 and $3.42; the commercial valuations being $69.10, $68.13 and $67.60 respectively. Five other samples met the guarantee. Ground Bone and Tankage. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Manufacturer. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. . Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Bowker Fertilizer Co. Butchers Rendering Co. Consohdated Rendering Co. John C. Dow Co. . Eastern States Farmers change Thos. Hersom & Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc. The Home Soap Co. Ex- Brand. Bone Farquhar's Fine Ground Bone Special Ground Bone 6*^0 Ground Tankage 9''ii Ground Tankage 10% Ground Tankage Bone Meal . Beach's Fertilizer Bone Fine Ground Bone . Bowker's Special Ground Ground Bone Ground Tankage Ground Bone Ground Bone Ground Tankage Dow's Pure Ground Bone Dow's Ground Tankage . Eastern States Ground Bone Bone Meal .... Meat & Bone Old Deerfield Ground Steamed Bone 6% Ground Tankage Old Deerfield lO^J Ground Tankage Tankage Num- ber of Sam- ples. 1 151 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 5 2 92 11 1 2 5 1 1 1 21 1 Grade. 2.50-28.00 2.50-22.88 6.00-13.73 9.00- 9.15 10.00-10.00 4.00-20.00 2.75-20.00 2.00-25.00 2.50-22.88 3.00-20.00 5.00-14.00 2.50-26.00 3.00-24.00 13.00- 5.50 2.43-24.00 6.00-14.00 3.00-23.00 2.43-24.00 4.86-16.00 3.00-22.88 6.00- 6.00 10.00- 5.00 5.OO-I0.OO Degree of Fineness. Finer than Vso Inch (Per Cent). 27.60 58.78 33.81 40.02 36.64 45.57 63.27 60.67 45.92 72.02 63.68 71.03 58.72 47.20 77.67 63.66 57.72 79.60 79.72 68.34 53.73 59.23 42.70 Coarser than 1.^0 Inch (Per Cent). 72.40 41.22 66.19 59.98 63.36 54.43 36.73 39.33 54.08 27.98 36.32 28.97 41.28 52.80 22.33 36.34 42.28 20.40 20.28 31.66 46.27 40.77 57.30 Two analyses made. Three analyses made. i 29 Ground bone and Tankage — Concluded. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees — Concluded. Manufacturer. Brand. International Agricultural / Corp 1 Lowell Fertilizer Co. The George E. Marsh Co. \ New Bedford Department of Garbage Disposal New England Dressed Meat and Wool Co. N. J. Fertilizer & Chemical Co Carroll S. Page Pawtucket Rendering Co. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. ..... The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Sanderson FertiUzer & j Chemical Co. . . 1 M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Whitman & Pratt Rendering Co The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. J. M. Woodard Worcester Rendering Co. Bone Meal (1922 stock) . Bone Meal Lowell Tankage 6-30 (1922 stock) Fertilizer Bone .... Dry Ground Animal Tankage . Garbage Tankage Bone Fertilizer .... "Croxton Brand" Steamed Bone Meal "Croxton Brand" Ground Tankage Page's Raw Ground Bone Ground Bone .... Exchange Brand Bone Meal 3-48' , Hubbard's Pure Raw Knuckle Bone Flour Sanderson's Fine Ground Bone Special Ground Bone (1921 stock) Swift-Sure Bone Meal Whitman & Pratt's Ground T.inkage Ground Steam Bone Woodard Unground Tankage . Prosperity Brand Ground Tankage . Num- ber of Sam- ples. Grade. 3.00-22.00 4.. 50-23. 00 6.00-14.00 2.00-22.89 5.00-18.31 2.43- 1.001 2.74-20.00 3.00-22.89 10.00- 8.70 4.50-22.00 3.00-20.00 3.00-21.97 4.64-24.70 3.00-22.00 3.00-22.88 5.50-20.00 6.00-13.72 2.50-25.17 5.47-18.00 7.00-10.00 Degree of Fineness. Finer than Vso Inch rPer Cent). 66.98 66.63 44.20 58.52 67.63 43.20 72.52 72.17 46.78 57.74 49.46 53.14 42.69 44.65 48.38 54.57 64.46 21.85 43.96 Coarser than 1/^0 Inch (Per Cent). 33.02 33.37 55.80 41.48 32.37 56.80 27.48 27.83 53.22 42.26 50.54 46.86 57.31 55.35 51.62 45.43 35.54 78.15 56.04 ■ Guaranteed also to contain .75 per cent potash. 2 Two analyses made. Brands showing a Commercial Shortage of $I or over per Ton. Num- ber of Sam- ples. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Degree of Fineness. Manufacturer and Brand Found. Guar- anteed. Found. Guar- anteed. Finer than Vso Inch (Per Cent). Coarser than VoO Inch (Per Cent). Consolidated Rendering Co. Tankage 6-30 (.6-14 grade) .... The Rogers & Hubbard Co. Hubbard's Strictly Pure Fine Bone (4-20.. 50 grade) 11 12 4.51 2.67 4.92 3.29 15.46 13.52 14.00 20.50 59.46 40.54 1 This product was sold on a unit basis and guaranteed 6.12 per cent ammonia and 15.79 per cent phosphoric acid (.which is 43ractically a 6-14 grade), the unit price being $3.80 for ammonia and 10 cents for bone phosphate of lime. The commercial shortage was $1.24 and the rebate due for deficiency was $2.50 per ton. This sample, collected at Bolton, had a commercial valuation of $42.68 per ton. Although the company's analysis showed' this grade of tankage to run 6.12 per cent ammonia and 15.79 per cent phosphoric acid, yet the difference in com- position found by the station analysis, quite likely made on a smaller tonnage than was the company's test, in this particular case emphasizes the importance of a control analysis in ca.se of products bought on the unit ba.sis. 2 Further tests revealed the presence of 5.88 per cent of potash, 1.04 per cent of nitrogen in'^form of nitrates and ammoniates, and 7.04 per cent of available phosphoric acid. The explanation of the Rogers & Hubbard Co. with reference to this sample was that the regular supply of stencilled bags for Hubbard's Seeding Down Fertilizer became exhausted and a few plain bags were filled with this mixture and piled near the stock of ground bone; through a mistake a few bags of this mixture were probably tagged as Strictly Pure Fine Bone. Less than one and one-half tons were involved and the commercial shortage was adjusted by suitable rebates. 30 Wood Ashes. Wood ashes are valued chiefly for their content of potash, phosphoric acid and lime. The average composition of the product is showTi below. As the content of lime was not a part of the guarantee in the samples analyzed this season, no tests were made for this element, but this usually runs about 31 per cent. After allowing for the value of the phosphoric acid and lime, the cost of potash from this source was 33.3 cents a pound, or $6.66 per unit, as compared with SI. 12 per unit for potash from high-grade sulfate. It is true that potash in ashes is present largely as carbonate, but assuming that in some instances there is justification for paying a premium for potash in this form for use in agriculture, attention may be called to the fact that high-grade car- bonate of potash, guaranteed 65.43 per cent K2O, is at present quoted in the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter at $135.00 per ton. At this rate, the actual potash costs about 12.4 cents a pound, or $2.48 per unit, after allowing 20 per cent increase in cost for freight and overhead. Note. — Variation in percentage composition in the twelve analyses made: moisture, 8.93 to 23.59; phos- phoric acid, 1.25 to 2.27; water soluble potash, 2.41 to 6.79; total potash, 3.55 to 8.51, with an average of 6.69 for those sold on unit basis and 4.06 when sold on the ton basis. Attention is called in the table to the much higher content of plant food in ashes sold on the unit basis. This indicates that the poorer quality of ashes was reserved for sales made on the ton basis. The product should always be bought subject to analysis. Pulverized Animal Manures. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Number of Total Nitro- gen. Total Phos- phoric Acid. Total Potash. Mandfacturer and Brand. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Armour Fertilizer Works. Armour Sheep Manure .... 7 1.65 1.23 .99 1.00 3.72 2.50 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Ground Sheep Manure .... 1 1.98 1.80 1.63 1.00 2.66 2.00 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Breck's Rams Head Brand Sheep Manure 13 1.52 1.50 1.17 .75 3.45 3.00 J. W. Howard. Wool Waste Sheep Manure Brand 1 1.65 1.80 .59 .32 4.19 3.20 Natural Guano Co. " Sheep's Head" Pulverized Sheep Manure 13 2.44 2.25 1.25 1.25 2.91 2.00 Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co. Groz-lt Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure 8 1.47 1.50 1.12 1.25 3.63 3.00 The Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure . Wizard Brand Cattle Manure . 10 1 2.22 2.22 2.00 1.80 1.58 1.38 1.25 1.00 3.88 1.93 2.00 1.00 Premier Poultry Manure Co. Premier Brand Pulverized Poultry Manure 4' 4.34 4.10 2.67 2.70 1.37 1.30 ' Two analyses made. 31 DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILIZERS FOR SALE IN THE STATE IN 1923. The American Aericultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. The American Cotton Oil Co., 50 Chmch St., New York, N. Y. Apothecaries Hall Co., S-24 Benedict St., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 305 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Baker Castor Oil Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc., 390-2 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. Bowker Fertilizer Co., 43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 51 No. Market St., Boston, Mass. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. The E. D. Chittenden Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Clay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, Eng. The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc., cor. Merchants Row and So. Market St., Boston, Mass. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 No. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Consumers Chemical Corp., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Dextrogerm Co., Plymouth, Mass. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp., Nelson Ave. and Hill St., Long Island City, N. Y. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 292 Worthington St., Springfield, Mass. Essex Fertilizer Co., 39 No. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, 111. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 So. Market St., Boston, Mass. The L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. John Glennie, P. O. Box 20, Lawrence, Mass. Mrs. Luella Hastings, 85 Southern Ave., Dorche.ster, Mass. Thos. Hersom & Co., 11 Commercial St., New Bedford, Mass. A. W. Higgins, Inc., So. Deerfield, Mass. The Home Soap Co., Worcester, Mass. J. W. Howard, .328 Broadway, Somerville 45, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. International Agricultural Corp., 126 State St., Boston, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Somerville, Mass. .lohn Joynt, Lucknow, Ontario, Can. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 No. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 143 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., Springfield, Mass. The George E. Marsh Co., Lynn, Mass. Sylvester A. McGovern, Andover, Mass. Merrimac Chemical Co., 148 State St., Boston, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 12 Moody St., Waltham, Mass. The National Fertihzer Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. ■ Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. Nature's Plant Food Co., 43 Commercial St., Boston, Mass. New Bedford Department of Garbage Disposal, New Bedford, Mass. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 41 No. Market St.. Boston, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40A No. Market St., Boston, Mass. Nitrate Agencies Co., Bound Brook, N. J. N. J. Feitilizer & Chemical Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Olds & Whipple, Inc., Hartford, Conn. Oyama Products Co., Fostertown Rd., Newburgh, N. Y. Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. Carroll S. Page, Hyde Park, Vt. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co., 41 No. Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtucket, R. I. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 431 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, III. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc., 16 So. Water St., Providence, R. I. The Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. Geo. B. Robinson, Jr., Produce Exchange, 8 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Rogers & Hubbard Co., Middletown, Conn. Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Ma.=s. F. S. Royster Guano Co., 1604-1614 Munsey Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co., New Haven, Conn. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc., Delaware Ave. & Venango St., Philadelphia, Pa. Southland Cotton Oil Co., Paris, Tex. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. The Summers Fertilizer Co., Inc., Stock Exchange Bldg., Baltimore, Md. William Thomson & Sons Ltd., Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords, Scotland. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Ma.ss. What Cheer Chemical Co., Inc., Pawtucket, R. I. Whitman & Pratt Rendering Co., 15 Exchange St., Boston, Mass. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co., 56 West Main St., Mystic, Conn. A. H. Wood & Co., Framingham, Mass. J. M. Woodard, Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Gas Light Co., Worcester, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. : College, CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 26 DECEMBER, 1923 MASSACHUSEHS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF LIME PRODUCTS USED IN AGRICULTURE By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and S. J. Broderick Most Massachusetts soils are sour or acid. Satisfactory growth of many crops is impracticable without fairly generous applications of lime bearing materials. Such materials, however, are bulky, and to the original cost must be added that of railroad transportation, road haulage, and labor of application. It is most important, therefore, that the facts as to composition and probable effective- ness be determined. This bulletin reports these facts for the lime products offered for sale to Massachusetts farmers during the year 1923. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. J. B. LiNDSEY, Chemist. INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1923. BY H. D. HASKINS, CHEMIST IN CHARGE, ASSISTED BY L. S. WALKER AND S. J. BRODERICK. MANUTACTURERS AND BRANDS. During 1923, 19 different companies registered 20 different brands of agricultural lime and 3 brands of gypsum or land plaster. The character of these products is indicated by the following classification: — v Hydrated or slaked lime ............ 9 Lime ashes .............. 5 Precipitated lime ............. 1 Ground limestone ............. 4 Ground shell lime . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Total 20 Gypsum or land plaster ............ 3 With the exception of one sample of lime ashes and one sample of land plaster, all of the products have been sampled and analyzed, and the results appear in the tables of analyses. Products not Collected. Edward Bryant Co., 22 Central St., Boston, Mass., Tolman I^ime and Wood Ashes. J. B. King Co., 17 State St., New York, N. Y., King's Nova Scotia Land Plaster. SLAKED, AIR SLAKED AND PRECIPITATED LIME AND LIME ASHES. From Table I it will be seen that, without an exception, the fifteen brands listed showed the sum of the calcium and magnesium oxides to be equivalent to or in excess of the minimum guarantee. One sample, the Berkshire Hills Company's Agricultural Lime, showed a deficiency of 1.32 per cent of magnesium oxide, but an overrun of 9.60 per cent of calcium oxide which, by a large margin, more than balanced the deficiency of magnesium. The New England Lime Company's Connecticut Agricultural Lime showed a deficiencj- of 11.22 per cent of calcium oxide. An overrun of 11.83 per cent of magnesium oxide shows that the product has not suffered in its power to neutralize acid soils, by being deficient in calcium oxide. It is a well-knowTti fact that several of these lime products show a variation in composition from year to year, a relatively high content of calcium oxide being accompanied by a correspondingly low content of magnesium oxide and vice versa. The Lime and Wood Ashes put out by the Missisquoi Lime Works showed an ab- normally high percentage of acid soluble potash and phosphoric acid; the three other brands showed about the average amount of these two ingredients. The fact that a considerable proportion of the human race possesses tlie gambling instinct would seem to warrant a word of caution in the selection of lime ashes for soil improvement. There is no question but that the product is an excellent source of effective calcium and magnesium oxide, but it is a very uncertain source of potash. I The fact that an occasional carload shows from 1 to 3 per cent of acid soluble potash is not a sufficient warrant for paying a premium on this form of agricultural lime. In some instances lime kiln ashes are not stored as carefully as some of the other agricul- tural lime products and are therefore likely to contain more water and insoluble inert material. (An average of 82 analyses made at this laboratory shows 9.30 per cent of water and 8.06 per cent of insoluble matter.) Lime ashes like all agricultural lircip products should be bought on the content and cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides of lime and magnesium delivered at the purchaser's railway station or farm. A glance at the column headed "Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides" in Table I shows that the cost of lime in this form has averaged relatively high for 1923. GROUND LIMESTONE AND GROXJND SHELL LIME. A study of Table II shows that, with but one exception, the combined guarantee of lime and magnesium oxides in this class of materials has been weU maintained. It is true that in some instances one of the ingredients has fallen below the guarantee, but the deficiency has been more than made up by an overrun of the other element. The Oyster Shell Lime Dust put out by the Producers Sales Company showed a deficiency of combined oxides of .88 per cent. This deficiency was undoubtedly caused by the presence of nearly 12 per cent of insoluble matter or sand. From the nature of the source of oyster shell lime the content of insoluble matter is apt to run relatively high. The degree of fineness to which the raw lime products and shell lime have beeia ground is graphically illustrated below. Per cent 100 Paaaing 100 mesh sieve 90 80 70 60 50 40 Donald U. Smith Grangers Manufacturing, Co. Pcwnal Lime Co. Clifford L. Miller Producers Sales Co. Brewer & Co, Physical Condition of Ground Limestone found on the Massachusetts Market. 4 EXPLANATION OF TABLES OF ANALYSES. In Table I the column headed "Proportion of total oxides as carbonates" shows the extent to which the lime and magnesium have combined with the carbonic acid in the air in the effort to revert back to the origmal form when taken from the quarry. Lime or magnesium not in the form of carbonate is present either in the caustic form or as a hj^drate (water-slaked lime). The column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" gives the calculated calcium and magnesium oxides contained in one ton of the product, it being assumed that all of the lime and magnesium from this source Avill become available during a period of five j'ears. The calculations found in the last double column, headed "Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides in car lots f. o. b. kilns," were based on prices fur- nished by the manufacturers with the exceptions which are noted in footnotes. In estimating the probable cost on a delivered basis, freight costs from shipping point to destination where used must be computed. In Table II the column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" is calculated as in Table I, save that the degree of fineness of the limestone is taken into considera- tion. It is assumed that the oxides contained in that portion of the product which will pass through a 20-mesh sieve are effective during a five-year period, and what is contained in that portion which fails to pass through the 20-mesh sieve will be only 50 per cent effective during the same period. In both tables the figures in parentheses following the brand name show the number of samples collected and inspected. Table I. Hydrated or Slaked, Precipitated and Air-Slaked Limes and Lime Ashes. Calcium Oxide (CaO). Magnesium Oxide (MgO). s 72, 0 1 0 > Cost of 100 Pounds of Effective Ox- ides IN Car Lots, F. O. B. ^"^ s Kilns. Name of MANUFACTt hkr and Urand. fi 2 3 d a i 1 3 0 T5 C3 3 0 fa 1 a 1 3 0 3 pq e 03 02 a Berkshire Hills Co. , Great Barrington, Mass. Agricultural Lime (I) . 57.60 48.00 2.68 4.00 li 1,206 $0 41 SO 50 Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Producto Agricultural Lime^ (1) . Champlain Vallev Limestone and Wood A.shes '2) . " 62.35 51.93 60.00 44.00 1.17 2.23 1.00 .50 < Mi '4 1,270 1,083 473 1 38S Edward Bryant Co., 23 Central St., Boston, Mass. Tolinan Land Lime (2) . 55.00 55 00 8.77 5.00 ^i2 1,275 1 57s The Cheshire Lime Manufacturing Co., Cheshire, Mass. Cheshire Agricultural Lime (1) 62.59 58 00 2 81 .60 M 1,308 27 42 Farnam Cheshire Lime Co., Farnams, Mass. Agricultural Lime (1> . Lime A8hes9(2) 61.46 45.90 60.00 35 00 .74 .99 -7 1,244 938 32 44 80 Hampton Co., Easthampton, Mass. Precipitated Lime 50 25 48.00 1 06 .50 h 1,026 - 73 Burton K. Harris, Lime Rock, R. I. Slacked Lime- (1) 57.34 50 00 24 51 18 00 >^o 1,637 - 73 Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Inc., Adams, Mass. Adams Agricultural Lime (2) Adam.s Lime Ashes '2) .... 57.76 53.73 58.00 50.00 .84 1.12 .50 .508 1 ., 1,172 1,097 - 50 45 Missisquoi Lime Works, Highgate Springs, Vt. Lime & Wood Ashes .... 39.61 2.78 _» H 848 71 83 New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Canaan Agricultural I.,i me- (1) Connecticut Agricultural Lime 2 (1) Limestone Dust (1) 54.90 60.78 80 29 50 00 72.00 80,00 22.63 18.83 1 54 21.00 7.00 Vio Ml 1,551 1,592 1,637 - 54 49 36'« Rockland & Rockport Lime Corp., 41 Milk St., Boston, Mass. R-R Land Lime 1.8) 60.18 60.00 3.19 .50 ?io 1.267 - 51 ' The remainder is either hydrated or caustic lime. 2 Sample sent by manufacturer. '' Based on 1922 price. • There was 1.26 per cent of acid soluble potash and .43 per cent of phosphoric acid present, s Delivery cost. • Registered and sold by George A. LawTence, Holyoke, Mass. ' Tftere was .20 per cent of acid soluble potash and .14 per cent of phosphoric acid present. ' There was .40 per cent of acid .soluble potash and . 19 per cent of phosphoric acid present. • There was 2.17 per cent of acid soluble potash and .77 per cent of phosphoric acid present. '0 In steel barrels. 6 Table II. Ground Raw Limestone and Ground Shell Lime. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Calcium Oxide (CaO). Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Carbonates OF Lime and Magne- sium. ■a 'i< O 0) > wg iS 3 3 o — Ph 953 905 1,005 1,044 961 927 1,028 Cost of 100 Pounds of Effective Ox- ides in C.\r Lots, F. O. B. Kilns. 13 a a i O i g ■6 1 i 3 o ■T3 a 3 1 "S i 3 o M 3 o s a Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Champlain Valley Pulverized Agri- cultural Limestone CD ■ Grangers Manufacturing Co., West Stockbridge, Mass. Grangers Agricultural Limestone dO) Clifford L. Miller, 28D Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (Quarries at West Stockbridge, Mass.) Monarque Brand Agricultural Lime (1) Pownal Lime Co., 92 State St., BoEton, Mass. (Quarries at Pownal, Vt.) Pownal Agricultural Limestone (6) . Producers Sales Co., South Nor- wa)k, Conn. Sealshipt Brand Oyster Shell Dust 11922 stock) tl) .... Sealshipt Brand Oyster Shell Dust 12) Donald U. Smith, Ashley Falls, Mass. Ashley White Agricultural Limestone (1) 51.82 35.54 37.70 46.69 47.75 45.49 30.66 48.00 40.00 40.80 45.00 47.00 47.00 45.00 2.25 9.69 12.57 5.49 .94 .87 20.72 .50 1.00 9.12 .50 .25 .25 5.00 97.18 83.68 93.57 94.80 87.18 83.00 98.04 93.00 90.00 91.93 91.00 85.00 85.00 99.00 SO 36 30 31 29 $1 05 « 52 42 48 42 43 49 1 Delivery cost. Table III. Gypsum or Land Plaster. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcium Sulfate (CaSOi). Mag- nesium Carbonate Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. (MgCOs) Found. The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State Street, Boston, Mass. Fine Ground Nova Scotia Plaster i3) United States Gypsum Co., 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, 111. Ben Franklin Agricultural^Gypsum' (1) 38.88 33.03 32.95 30.11 94.38 80.18 80.00 73.10 3.03 2.26 1 This form of lime does not neutralize soil acids. 2 Sample .sent by manufacturer. Publication of this Document approved bt the Commission on Administration and Finance. .igncultural College AMHEBST, MAS& CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 27 JULY, 1924 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Control of Bacillary White Diarrhoea 1923-1924 By G. E. Gage and O. S. Flint During the year just past, 38 poultry plants representing 1 1,082 breeding birds have been found to be free from baciliary white diarrhoea. This result has been accomplished only through the co- operation of the poultrymen with the Experiment Station for the elimination of this destructive disease. It is this increased interest and co-operation on the part of poultrymen which has been one of the most encouraging features of the work. This bulletin reports the details of the work completed in the testing season ending July 1, 1924, together with a summary of the improvement effected since the establishment of the testing work. Request for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL PATHOLOGY CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA, 1923-1924 BY G. E. GAGE AND 0. S. FLINT. During the last few years, and especially over the past two years, the Massa- chusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, through its Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology, has endeavored to secure effective control of bacillary white diarrhoea of poultry. This work is now centered around the effort to establish "disease-free flocks" from which day-old chicks and hatching eggs may be obtained. The macroscopic agglutination test has been used as a con- trolling agent; and methods instituted have brought about improvement in the poultry industry in Massachusetts. NATURE OF THE INFECTION Bacillary white diarrhoea is infectious, and Salmonella pullora^ is the causative agent. Chicks which survive the infection may become permanent carriers, with the ovary as the important seat of infection. Groups of chicks may be infected by the organism of the disease being transmitted to normal chicks through in- fected droppings. The ultimate source of this infection is the hen. The infective droppings come from chicks hatched from eggs, the yolks of which are infected. Eggs thus contaminated with Salmonella pullora are from diseased ovaries of hens, thus establishing them as disease carriers. Chicks which develop in these infec- tive eggs may become infected, and have the disease at time of hatching. The problem is to locate the disease carriers and eliminate them from the breed- ing flock. To locate such carriers in any breeding flock, it is essential to find proof of the infection. This is accomplished by finding either the organism Salmonella pullora itself, or evidence of antibodies (agglutinins) elaborated in the blood of the infected hen. The macroscopic agglutination test is our most expeditious method for making this determination; and the application of it, as a means of identifying the carriers, has aided greatly in controlling the disease. The macroscopic agglutination test is based on the principle that in the blood serum of infected hens a substance, known as an agglutinin, is produced as a re- action against Salmonella pullora, the organism causing bacillary white diarrhoea. Under laboratory manipulation this agglutinin causes the bacteria of bacillary white diarrhoea to clump together and precipitate in the bottom of the test tube, as rolled up or clumped masses of the organism. This process is known as ag- glutination. This agglutination reaction may be seen with the unaided eye; hence the whole process is known as the "macroscopic agglutination test," in order to differentiate it from those other agglutination tests in which the microscope must be used to see the agglutination. When, after proper laboratory manipulation, no agglutinin is found in the blood, the bird is considered free from the infection of bacillary white diarrhoea. SERVICE RENDERED UNDER THE POULTRY DISEASE ELIMINATION LAW FOR THE SEASON ENDING AUGUST 1, 1924 During the present season, 1923-24, 59,635 breeding birds have been examined for bacillary white diarrhoea by the macroscopic agglutination test. The follow- ing tables show the geographical distribution according to breeds, the location of reactors, the amount of infection among various breeds tested, and the number of flocks, and of breeding birds in those flocks, having certain limits of infection. 1 According to classification of the Society of American Bacte^iologists, recently published. Bacterium pullorum is now named Salmonella pullora, which is being accepted throughout this country as the standard name. Table I. — Distributinn of rtirrts T 'sted an i Tnfection Found Dvrinn 1923-24. ^ Number of Birds Tested. Reactors Found. County. Rhode White White Island Leg- White Barred Wyan- Miscel- Total Num- Per Reds. horns. Rocks. Rocks. dottes. laneous. ber. Cent. Barnetable .... 0 0 325 0 0 0 325 74 22.77 Berkshire .... 238 779 78 0 286 10 1,391 126 9.06 Bristol 3,516 1,371 0 300 176 71 5,434 442 8.13 Dukes ..... 953 0 0 0 0 201 1,154 138 11.96 Essex ..... 1,779 342 33 199 0 11 2,364 73 3.09 Franklin .... 92 178 0 IS 58 0 346 111 32.08 Hampden .... 0 62 0 0 0 0 62 0 0.00 Hampshire .... 1,563 1,130 258 28 0 402 3,381 46 1.42 Middlesex .... 5,386 1,174 458 1,632 229 223 9,102 659 6.14 Norfolk .... 3,798 351 1,446 21 286 266 6,168 472 7.65 Plymouth .... 8,643 1,322 3,391 528 111 843 14,838 832 5.63 Worcester .... 8,550 3,072 1,762 1,547 0 139 15,070 1,019 6.79 Total Tested . 34,518 9,781 7,751 4,273 1,146 2,166 59,635 Reactors: Number .... 2,529 324 510 165 301 63 — 3,892 — Per Cent .... 7.33 3.31 6.58 3.86 13.89 5.50 6.53 Table IT. — Number of Flocks Hntin 7 Cftrtnin 'Amits of Tnffction. 1920-21. 1921-22. 1922-23. 1923-24. Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Flocks. Birds. Flocks. Birds. Flocks. Birds. Flocks. Birds. No Infection 25 2,414 27 4,032 29 5,400 38 11,082 Less than 1% 4 1,519 2 916 5 3,675 15 11,064 1- 5% . 18 7,715 18 4,344 36 9,864 25 11,328 6-10% 17 4,329 13 7,241 21 6,429 23 9,985 11-15% 14 2,580 13 4,124 6 4,147 16 8,312 16-20% 9 1,952 6 749 6 1,247 6 2,686 21-25% 2 499 4 1,452 6 668 6 3.356 26-30% 6 812 8 943 5 947 2 161 31-35% 0 — 6 3,181 2 403 4 961 36-40% 6 1,158 4 1,001 3 255 3 650 41-50% 4 1,068 6 1,482 1 411 0 — 51-60% 2 633 0 — 0 — 1 50 60% -f 1 39 3 410 1 156 0 — 108 24,718 110 29,875 121 33,602 139 59,635 PLAN OF OPERATIONS Reference to Bulletin No. 23^ shows that the procedures of this year have been a continuation of those of last season. The machinery of operation has been more effective. The educational part of the program has been successful, a tremendous amount of interest has been stimulated, and poultrjTnen have responded to what- ever supervision the department has been able to give. This has been indicated by their replies to questionnaires sent and by the cordial spirit with which they have met the representatives from this department. Staff members have requested and obtained data concerning the hatchability of eggs laid by hens known to be free from bacillary white diarrhoea, and the livability of chicks hatched from such eggs. The fact that the program is one applying science to practice has been kept constantly in mind, and in carrying out this program poultrymen have been of greater help than ever before. The testing plans which follow have been continued during the year. Poultry- men have co-operated as requested by adopting one of the three testing plans outlined, and there has been a general willingness on the part of them aU to observe the precautions listed under "Control Measures." iMass. Agr. Expt. Sta., Control Series, Bui. No. 23, Sept., 1923, p. 5. 5 Testing Plan No. 1. — Tests on Birds One Yeab of Age ob Older. A flock of hens is to be considered free from infection when reactors do not exist in the breeding floclf after the following plan has been carried out : — (c) First test at the age of one year or older. (6) Second test on non-reactors, six to twelve months later. By this plan, each adult in the breeding flock will have been tested twice. Testing Plan No. G. — Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when it is the product of a flock which has already been tested twice, and when on test it contains no reactors. Three tests are thus required, as follows: — (a) Original test when the birds are eight to twelve months old. (6) Non-reactors tested again six to twelve months later. (c) Third test made on the offspring of the birds already tested twice. Testing Plan No. 3. — Alternate Plan for Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when produced as per the following plan, and when, on the last of the following tests, no reactors are found to exist. The procedure is as follows: — (a) Original test when birds are eight to twelve months old. (6) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. (c) Offspring of the above flock tested as pullets. (d) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. In other words, the test is applied to pullets and their offspring. By this plan each bird is tested twice before being bred. NOTE. — It is mutually understood that pullets are eligible for testing two months after the flock has attained a 20 per cent egg production. Male birds may be used for breeders if tested once and found non-reacting. Control Measures. A. All breeding birds, male or female, to be leg-banded with bands furnished at cost by the Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. B. All birds showing a positive agglutination reaction to be removed from the breeding flock. Reacting birds to be disposed of if possible ; but if it is found necessary to keep them as egg producers, they are to be kept under strict quarantine. C. Male birds not to be housed during the breeding season with other than breeding stock. D. New stock brought on the place, whether adults, day-old chicks, or hatching eggs, to come from stock shown to be free from bacillary white diarrhcea, as deter- mined by the agglutination test. NOTE. — The Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station does not issue certificates of any kind or enter any agi-eement to guarantee flocks. It will, however, co-operate with poultry associations or groups of poultrymen who may wish to issue certificates of merit or accredit their own flocks. Perhaps the most difficult part of the study carried out during this testing season has been to keep the poultrymen interested to follow some one of these testing plans. Of the 139 flocks tested, 99 have followed Testing Plan No. 2 ; 24, Testing Plan No. 1; 6, Testing Plan No. 1 and No. 2; and 5, Testing Plan No. 3. Since the management in breeding varies in various sections of the State, and since methods of breeding vary on the individual places, it is impossible to estab- lish one plan for all. Testing Plan No. 2, which is a test on pullets, has been most generally followed, and appears to be most satisfactory to the poultrymen. Of course, it will take from three to five years to complete a series of tests, depending upon the degree of infection in the breeding flock. With proper management successful results have been obtained wherever this plan of testing has been in operation. Taking an average of the 99 flocks tested by Plan No. 2, it has been found that the original infection has been reduced more than 75 per cent. Testing Plan No. 3, which is an alternate plan for testing pullets, has not been generally adopted, since most Massachusetts poultry breeders are interested in testing by Plan No. 2, because the interval for testing by this plan coincides with their poultry management practices. Testing Plan No. 3, however, offers the quickest method for cleaning up the infection. Very few poultrymen have fol- 6 lowed this method, and consequently this department has been unable to draw conclusions from work imder way by this plan. DISCUSSION OF THE PROBLEM PRESENTED BY THE BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA CONDITIONS IN MASSACHUSETTS The problem in disease control, as presented by the bacillary white diarrhoea conditions in Massachusetts, is one in the study of an epizootic, which corresponds with an epidemic among human beings. The real aim is to prevent the spread of disease, and any successful procedure must be based on education, stimulation of interest, and supervision. The education of poultrjinen on the matter of bacillary white diarrhoea has been comparatively easy. Massachusetts poultrymen have learned that by intelli- gent use of the laboratory they are able to establish new methods in poultry sanitation, and in the conduct of their various poidtry activities. An increasing number of poultrymen apply each year for the service and show a desire to co- operate. Improvements in preventing bacillary white diarrhoea have resulted, and many poultrjTnen are working as effective agents for such prevention in their respective communities. As this type of organization is perfected, greater interest will be stimulated, and all divisions of preventive medicine as applied to bacillary white diarrhoea control will advance. With education and stimulation of interest, the third essential in plans of opera- tion is direction and supervision in the details of control procedures. During this testing season considerable advance has been made to these ends. Poultry- men have not been antagonistic to direction, but on the contrary have been eager to see the operation of both field and laboratory studies. Their opinions upon matters of poultry husbandry have been valuable, and have helped the depart- ment to fit scientific control methods to actiaal practice. This desire to be directed is essential to the smooth operation of any plan requiring supervision of persons at decentralized positions throughout the State. The poultrymen have learned that the laboratory data are of little value unless the plans and directions suggested in the reports are followed. The statistical data included in this bulletin are of importance in showing just how far the disease control project on bacillary white diarrhoea is successful. They show the increase in numbers of livable chicks hatched from eggs laid by bacillary white diarrhoea-free hens. They also demonstrate the widespread oc- currence of the disease, and furnish many facts which may contribute to our knowledge of causes and prevention, as well as showing how poultrymen are sharing in the control problem, LIVABIUTY OF CHICKS AND HATCHABILITY OF EGGS FROM BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA-FREE FLOCKS As a result of the correlation of laboratory and field studies, 38 poultry plants, representing 11,082 breeding birds, have been found to be free from bacillary white diarrhoea. During the last testing season, after a flock was reported as having no reactors, this department sought to find where eggs had been sold for hatching and where day-old chicks had been sold, in order to show the value of the test as a means of establishing disease-free flocks from which clean stock might be obtained. This year the same schedule has been followed. The cus- tomers have been consulted without collusion with the owners, and therefore the data obtained are as reliable as it is possible to procure. The livability of chicks at nearly all plants which buy from bacillary white diarrhoea-free flocks has been excellent. The hatchability of the eggs has been normal. If bacillary white diarrhoea is present in the breeding birds, the hatch- ability of the eggs is seriously influenced. On the other hand, if bacillary white diarrhoea is not present, it is no assurance that the hatch will be above normal. Low hatchability in eggs is not altogether a disease problem. However, when chicks are once procured, free from Salmonella pulhra infection, the chance of their maturing is enhanced tremendously. White diarrhoea control has advanced today in Massachusetts to a point where the original source of infection is being eliminated, and chicks hatched have a fair. show to live. The following table shows the comparison of hatching qualities of eggs and livability of chicks obtained as above indicated. Table III. — nafchahility of Erjgs, LiTability of Chicks, from Diseaite-Free Plockn. Hatchability of Eggs. LiVABILITT OF CelCKS. Own er Number OF Eggs. Number. Number. Per Cent. Number. Per Cent. 1 . 190 100 52.63 85 85.00 2 500 292 58.40 230 78.77 3 576 317 55.03 285 89.90 4 800 274 34.25 1G5 71,14 5 1.200 547 45.58 402 89.94 fi 1,250 734 58.72 661 76.43 7 1,800 796 44.22 773 97.11 8 4,400 2,400 54.54 1.980 82.50 10,716 5,460 50.95 4,601 84 26 The table which follows presents typical results obtained with day-old chicks from disease-free flocks, and shows the success of the testing work. Table IV. — Livability of Day-Old Chicks 9old from Disease- Free Flocks. Livability of Chicks. Owner Number OF Chicks. Number. - -_ Number. Per Cent. 1 . . . 60 58 96.66 2 100 90 90.00 3 160 115 71.87 4 212 202 95 .24 5 250 191 76.40 6 400 384 96.00 7 900 839 93.22 8 2,178 l,fi64 71.80 « 2.194 1,824 83.13 10 2,250 1,970 87.55 11 3,015 2,734 90.67 12 8,946 7,756 86.70 20.665 17,727 85.78 (Leaving out flocks 3, 5, and S) 87.73 The lowest percentages of livability reported by customers of day-old chicks from bacillary white diarrhoea-free poultry plants were 71.80, 71.87, and 76.40 per cent. These low livability percentages can readily be explained. In the first instance, the loss was due to poor breeding methods; in the second, the chicks were taken care of by an inexperienced poultrjTnan who was not fuUy trained in brooder management; and in the third, the low percentage livability was due to lack of attention to the details of brooder management. Of the 20,665 day-old chicks sold from representative bacillary white diarrhoea- free breeding flocks, aside from the three above mentioned, the livability averaged nearly 90 per cent. Many individual plants have reported that nearly 100 per cent of aU chicks received from baciUary white diarrhoea-free flocks were living and in good health. Of the 139 poultry plants tested for bacillary white diarrhoea infection during this season, 59 were tested for the first time. Of the remaining 80 flbcks having some previous testing, 52 plants have a record of consecutive testing extending back two or more years. The following table is made up from the data of these 8 consecutively tested flocks, which are grouped according to the number of years they have been tested. Table V. — Averane Percentaoe Reduction of Infection in Floehs T^ted Conseeutir^h/ for Two or More Years. Number of Years Tested. NaMBEH OF Flocks. Percentage of Infection. 1919-20. 1920-21. 1921-22. 1922-23. 1 923-24. 5 . . . . 4 . . . . 3 . . . . 2 . . . . 8 10 10 24 22.51 8.11 16.74 9.50 15.42 21 .04 3.59 4.85 10.22 13.25 2.08 1.90 8.61 5.51 SUMMARY During the 1923-1924 season, 59,635 breeding birds were tested, this being 26,033 more than during the same period a year ago. The percentage of infection as shown by the records in this department, from those flocks tested last season and those tested this year, has been reduced about 60 per cent. Thirty-eight white diarrhoea-free flocks were established; and nearly 90 per cent of the chicks hatched from eggs laid by hens in white diarrhoea-free flocks have lived. These reports have been furnished by buyers of hatching eggs and day-old chicks from owners of white diarrhoea-free breeding flocks. The instruction and supervision of poultrj-men, together with their spirit of co-operation on the problem, have aided greatly in the correlation of the labora- tory and field service; and this in turn has all materially furthered the object of the project, which is the elimination of bacillary white diarrhoea of chicks from the breeding flocks of the State. :-lassscliusetts Agricultural CoUegt, AMHERST, IviASii. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 28 NOVEMBER, 1924 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COIMEECIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith and Frank J. Kokoski The function of feedingstufF inspection is to prevent fraud and adulteration. To this end the state requires that the bag or con- tainer be labeled in a clear and understandable way, and provides a standard form for such labeling. This label must correctly describe the contents of the package. To insure this, samples are collected in the open markets and subjected to chemical and microscopic examination. In case a feed sold varies significantly from its description as given on the tag or label, the administrator of the law may revoke brand registration, which makes further sale illegal; may require re-registration, or may initiate prosecu- tion. The law also provides that the facts as determined shall be published. This publication is the thirtieth report of the work and presents the results of chemical and microscopic analyses of the feeds collected during the year ending September 1, 1924. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. J. B. LiNDSEY, Chemist. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS. BY PHILIP H. SMITH AND FRANK J. KOKOSKI, CHEMISTS, FEEDERICK A. McLAUGHLIN, MICROSCOPIST, AND JAMES T. HOWARD, INSPECTOR. This bulletin contains the results of the twenty-eighth year of feeding stufT inspec- tion. During the year (Sept. 1, 1923, to Sept. 1, 1924) 1,372 samples of feeding stuffs collected of dealers and manufacturers were analyzed and are herein reported. Three hundred and sixty-seven dealers located in 219 towns were visited at least once. Eight hundred and fifty-one brands of feedstuffs were registered for sale in Massachusetts by 244 manufacturers or dealers. In addition, four Federal samples of cottonseed meal and one sample of Canadian bran were drawTi in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, resulting in the seizure of one car of cottonseed meal which failed to meet its guarantee in protein. The Federal sample of wheat bran contained approximately 28 per cent of screenings. As a whole the season has been uneventful. A severe depression in dairy farming has affected the feed industry. This condition appears to be nation-wide and must be, with the possible exception of certain sections, considered temporary. Whether Massachusetts is to continue to produce a considerable proportion of the dairy products consumed within her own borders depends largely upon whether production at a dis- tance plus transportation costs less than production on local farms. The manufacture of butter in Massachusetts has declined until it is very largely confined to the utili- zation of surplus milk. Will the production of whole milk follow? Certain localities pecuharly adapted to dairying wdll continue to produce milk, if agriculture is to con- tinue at all in these particular sections. With the rapid growth of daiiying in some states of the Middle West formerly de- voted almost entirely to the growing of cereals. New England is looking more and more to Canada for the needed supplements to home grown feeds, particularly the wheat by-products. +3 O PL* o ri o 0 M Q (J a> l^ h 1 «IH m o Q m CD W M >l H > .O>0Ot^00t^CC00f-O'— HM'^OMOO^-iCfilC^e^Clb- C^Cit-.-'Ot^t^iOOtDC^ClOiOTPOcOCJiOOO'^C^COC^ ^HiO ooo'OoC'OdocscrJooooiC'Oocriocsooooo 0000000OOC300O00O00O0O0O000 t>''^Ocor^ocicocoooiooioeocot^iOTt-i— (c<)^-0'-H.— .t~-r-T-«r-It-.' coc-ic^eoMcocococ^c^^c^iMcococsicoc^icoeoeococMtMeoccc^ 0000000CD000000000000000W300 iCOO^OOOOOOiOOOOOOOOOOOOOOc^OiO OOOOOOOOOO'^OO^OOOOOOO.-'OOOO tDcocOcC — 'COcDeOcO.— «.-HC0«O.— leOcDcOT-HCOcoeO'-HCOeocOi-H 6 d ■• o • Q- . u . . . - a-:> £ 2^ 5^^ £2£ > - "3 ci C3 „ SOOOm M ■ e m m . . :3 • «•— " - ^ . . rt c3 rt o ._ri_S^ oo»o C »o to lO ■- ^ •«*< — 1^^ •rJ^OO f-HlO OC3i05 t^ •«*« M t^ N 05 OS GO OO O O ^- rt OOc3 = c3 CI :;:; oj rt c3 ■3?'-;' .S.2.2 i CD Al <1>j3 assg 0-3 g^ > & S, -CJ C^tN ^- a^ X X 2 ^ a g g S .2 o o << c ^ SO cu ' . 3 02 ^^' t^c^ecr--i-Ht-4Tj*cccoi-H.-ieo-^io.-tcOi-i^c^ ^ c o i^ u ;5 hli(i,W u, OS t-^ Tj< r^ ic »c > 000000 000000 0000:00 5CS ^ »C CO cococccoc i^ to Oi ^ 05 t^ 000000 to O wjiO O O OC 00 CO t^ QG 00 C5 OS 1— 1 1-^ cc eo O C■ CC CC t^ -H 00 r^i^ ^ CO eo» t* "*f Oi 00 -rp »C 10 ■* *0 »0 Oi CM CI CM CJ C<» (M ^^ ^ o-: C^ ■^ Oi a:> C<\ CO ■**« C CO CO C: t-^ OC t^ 00 Oi 00 o: t^ o»ooc<% s Cu" — — .I" c c o o c o 000 (X tH k. 000 ^_© o . ci'c (M -^ ^ CC ^ • *^C4 ^^^^ o»cco CO wc^ O Cl rt* M ■-* CO •<*< CO 50 e-i c-i >— ' 1— ' »o ic Tt< •* -^ »o to -^ oooooooo OOOiOOOOO OO'Xit^iOt-'t-'^CCi ooooooooo^oooooooooooooooo COOOOiOiOO»OiOt-'-OiOOO^»0 0»0»0040iOiCOiO OiOiCCOOO:Oi OCiOiOOOOOOOiOClOOiOCOJOiOOaiOOCif^DOs <=><=> oo oo o O O O »0 CD lO lO 5 00 Ci 00 Ol 05 t-ocooooooco »OOOi'-'0;oO-t-«05t^OOCOt^«Ct^OOa500 CO t^ CO (M )M 00 cq kC OO t-^ (M M< t^ »0 t- CO CD ?0 t^ b- OO »0 tfS »0 iC CO O <:D CD iC iO lO iC lO lO lO iO lO * 3»CCO(MiC400iiO-rjH»OCOrJHCT>ODOO'^t^C^iOCCiMrr'-^'>JCO ■'"^"?'^'^.«^.'*»'?'^"!?^r**^^^C'CDGO»o_cot^cot-:-ic »CiO>OiC»J^»^10i »C lO WD iC W5 O *0 t— CO t^ "^ C^ CO O b- oo O O .-< Ir-- t^' lO IC CD CO CO *0 »0 500 OOlOiOOCOO 3W50 00»MC0^'^iC'^r}''^-'J<"^'^-^Tt«^"^^*'^'^'^ ooooooo O 1-tiO iQOO o ejioo 5 CO Oi iC O O »0 OO O CM t kO to - CO CI O CO r<:. c jcoco>-HO>rM''Oi»ooioooot^coO'-«coOe ^-COOOOOCOOOOCD-— cD»00:C/:)tO'— 0 CD »0 »0 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO COOOOOOOtOcDOOOOOtOOOOOOOiOOtOO t^tOCOI^VO-^cOtOcDcDcDtOtCiOiOtOtO-^tOcCt^iOtOtOtO OO oooo c CO -^J*©© OS 00 CO 5 O »0 -^ '— ■ QO "O CO OiOOl^HCD.— "COO'-iOt^-fO'^O^CO.-i-^OO.— •QOOOCD'^f-H Tf* 00 CO 00 OO CJ CO -^ ^H lO CO CO »0 CO OO CO to CD lO CO CO 00 r-- o c-i Oi c^5 O o COOOt>-CDCOC^3'^OCT;tOOieOtOO'^COOOtOC- 030lC;osoooolooc;c^ososOJ005GCooaiOoocoos03a^Oi • CO '-f 05 O to t^ -c o ^o^ s^ rS o d 2 o c f= S " ^ O o o . g,^ 5:s .0 0 0 •00 • M M a a ^ SS 00 ., Ltd Jewell Jewell td. . ^■* 0 !u a a aj 0) s n III Jas. Gok Heckor-J Hecker-J Hunt Br , d do = '-':s - 3 y.S "^S &■- o = sS .:2 ?i •., .. o i3 (U t. 5 o^'2 o ^^ Id^o ^ r ?, ^ G 'k:^- dO • . -s;;: B C3J3 ti - 3 .2 « '^ S 32 ■ O o s ^ ■*• 621 ■5; k O O o o ■a „ «>_ ' ' II ^a It -t^ X ■ 32 MPh = S ^ B M 3 ■3^*; o c > »-< c^ M ^H c*:) ^H ■*#( • -5f*-«c^OT-teoo50 JCMOOCQkOC^OiOO^O OS ooooo>^^o0'0ooooooc^■ooc><30 OC'OOOOt^OC-OCiCOCiOOGOOOCiOD'— OOsOiOI>-Ot>'CiOiCOt^ c& CO »o (M -"S^ CO cc lO e -tDi— .COr-iOOOCOC^'CDU^tO.-HCCOTt^t^CDCOC Dco6clOO■^c^-^^toco^oci^-■^C5cccccolCc•lcDl0^cco(^^to■«T*^-•GOCi gup^f 5 Oi GO UO C-3 O O:* t J'^OcO.— "QO-'fCCTjiiOiOTtHu^ c050»C>ii^»0»O^^O^iCiOCOlOlO»OCOiOiOiOiC*C^^O*OiO»OiOi C:> CO lO Ol TJ< »0 OS O OOOO O OO 00 0 00*0 00 0 0000 0 Ob- oooooo :Ou:3»COCCiCOiC*OU^I>-OOOiOOfcOi ; CO Oicic oo ^M0 O 00*0 »M o^ o oo ■^iOiOiOu0»CU5iCCD»O*O«O»OCCiCOtOiO^CeO'. ouo»oioo»oooo kO rt* lO CD to to C cDi— ic^TcDioot^oeooot>-t^(Mcc'CT>OOcD'— 'co(MlO'•*'OcDOlcocoeo^- lOC^■rJ'TJ1r^c;I>-t^^--^-Cl1--|<^^*ot--c^^c:icC'— C'lccocoo'-c^jt^t^'-Hcoio 10'*J'CCCOCD»OCOCC>lCf^COlOcDt^cDUOCOt--t^t^CCTj*»OOif lOCiOO-^COCOOiOCO-— CO— «■' iOO<;Ct--»OOClOt^OTPOCC'— ■Ot^'— «t-CiCOCi00iOCOt^Tt<'— iQOuOeO t--OiC:»Ot^t-*OOOOb-COQOC;00*CC:cOClOOOCCiI>-t--OOOOOt^CDOOOOOi 02 G 'S c <- o 0.2 EE |o c p cS Is > > . o .o .5 tH O l-l— I *^ ^-^ — r ^ r ^ 3 O "o — ^Tr"00 c,or .= r; = 5 t- S MOO.H ^•^OO S^K^ MgCj^ f oCjSOaitc^ .^5 g-gO T3^.S "~ --- ^^-.r, K«.,.,, -.-^1-^ O o.r wife .-;; c , x; a -'^ «£ -e p *^ fi r= ::: .t: o u o =3 ►2K^K-;S32:2;:2;pH&,0'KKMfefeQMHOO^M SOS bt"iS .S-S I. ^-" t, c > O I ■d . fl a» ■ ■ _,■ eS ■o s • -tf s d. b . ?^ O P C'-^ fj ■^ c C -T3 C P=3£ ^■-oj-,o;Ss-^col5oc3t;sSo">'o'^S ■^ KlilQK^fiCE^KOKMKOP-a^f^P^ffiKCHSxW H <3f .(O—HOiOsai-— l-^M *-"b-00l^'-HiO'-H«r-^T--OCO'-HOcO'-iO»^C^l'rPOiO'-H.^r-(COrtHOr--*.^C'l!?qr--(T OOO cjD 00 Tt* I'Tj^OiCOC^'fOCTJC-liCCOOC ) ^ Ot' (3 O 1:0 C OOiOOoO OOOOOOsOClOOOOiCiOOiaiCiOC O CO »f5 CO CO »i^ CO OO'— "^CO'triiO-— 'Ol>-OCOiOCCCOOI>-C ioi>-c;cc-^T-Hooooi>-t^C5ioa) iCiO'0"^OiO'0»OiO»0*OiO»C»OiO»0»0»0»0»0*OiOiOiO»O^OiOiOt D lO "^ »C »0 tO t- 00 (X5 CD CO OOOCDOCSOOOOOOOOOOC-OOOOOOOOOOOOCDOOOOOOtO JOOOOOiiOOOcXji 5 OiO 00 i ^00»0^»00^0000'::^OOOlOC 5'rPTj<»0'«*'OOi JOOOOOO-OOtOOOOOiOOOOOt M* 10 10 -^ "^ iO I DiOiO'^'Tt«iOiOTt<»OCDCCiO"rf»CTt*CO»OCO»OTt^'0-^CO'^iCCO"^'*fiOC rt^OOO-— 'Cn-^COi— •OTO'Tt'OiOeO'- (X30■^■^coc^co^-lCccI^-oococcc^cO'^*-iocD»OM*»o-TttcO'^cococoir:i>ot^iciC'^cDt>-'^ OiOO■T}^ccoo(^^Ncoco05c<^l-H■TJ^'^*^■^Ooo^»coco«--'•--*c^1lO'-Ht^lO■^^--c^^o:cow:l"-:*^(^3co ooosooooo5^*ooooooo^-Oioocooolt>-«oooococot^cooocoGOooooooooccoo^*^^I>-^^ •J •=« O o o fad . . a a - u i o O M g oO cS yo — ^^ ■o ■•'S 2 c o S 8 S o 2 o OOQ ci ^ 0; ^^^ • d c3 rt O o o • • *i -►J > > S 3 ■J? "S s S p^ OJ W lB *" o 5 J °^ I — ^^00^ 5; OJ rf o3 o ,0 3 ■ C 0 <-> O 3 o S-^tl S £ S E o -S -2 s 2 o< 03 OJ.S o . 3 oj -^ ^^ fli ^ ccScaaZ 3-3 » Ppq« ^13 §•3 ■5 "^ t^ CO ^ CO kO 00 00 O "rt< C*3 CO 10 CC Oi CD a dO e « c; Hu: a)«5 ^— . 0) S ^t 3 © ■<<;o i=l o O 43 CI o O o ca < bo P« o I § o ~ Q W I? c^ o O CO i« ec c • Tt^eoii^^iicoi*— 't^ OS S £3 S ' ^ 5: bifeW_ OS 3 « o s^ ooooooooooooc>ooo 00000000000000000 CCC: t--'M»OCCO^cr:<:OCMtMCOOO'*l^ cccooo*— 'cc<:ocC't^t--cco;oc^Cicr;cc J— «Tt*CC»CcOCOCOCCCC«— fCS-^VtiC^O rJ- c^ ov C C^CCCOCCOCCCOCC ?0 CO O <^ 50 to CO CD 000000 000000 OCJOOOO ^ Ci ^- -^ '-H O Ci CD t^ O t^ (M »0 *-« C^ O CD CO o o c-a '— Oi CO CO u^ CD CO lO OOOOOC'CDO'OOOOOOOO mooooooooooccoooo t-^t^iCCO»OiOt-^W5»f^'^W5cDcDiOW^r^ CCCs»-<^OCOO^iOCiiOO(N^C005 cotr^00I>-cDCOcOLOcO^cOt>><:DcDcOu:> 0000000000000000 iCOOOOOOOiOOOOOiCiCO 05 0000000c: 0000000 000000 000000 CO t— 00 CO r^ CO OC»-»OS"^"^Tj- COWCOCOOOC:'«:J'Ot-r*lM^^CDCO»Ot~-— '-^ClCOCCTt* o o CO Tt. « o w ic CO w> ,f m « -*i ui -«.' -i >,._H ^ rx 5 5 O O 2 S=a=a^ E'ac c"^ B Sa'Sg c3 c? (ri c3 ^ "aj"cn ' o o o o rf i? d c" d 6 d c CI d ^ S 5 3 - ?S^^ xT-^ - ° ° 9 =■ o^ § fl S S=a=a=a £f ^''r-ivO^ S S E c -c„ 3^ d o d osOOOOO M«3'3-»^+= a a a:5;=^X-a a'?'^"0T3-2 ;OKoobuo^H^^^r;--CfcHC£Ja^^^SE-?^^2£K,-CQdffi ID o . -pa m » a a .tj n, '^ -2 1. 1;^ ? ^ S Q c g c |-K^piSa=£-. ^ >'1-2 &r?r?. £^.2 ^ C-2fefe T3T) o §1 ;^o*^ rt >■. 'rt'S h K.t: >-"-< cj a f^Q a^w-H "^ .5 oTK sg. t> ro r a; , ="0,2 fe I T-H ^H .^j« csi -^a- c-1 ^-' « a n a s'^.si.s-s; £ja^.o-a.-.~ I, ^ *c^fCC^i-Hi— (c iur»-*eoccT— I'—'c^c^ ID .g a o o 4^ ci o O »H Tl (X4 3 T3 a :=! •d fl 0 0 0 n 1 D 0 1 u CO Q 1 CO W •0 W « 0 [^ P^ Fh Q M ,'^- *!"! K » Ph erf Ci < l-H « bn ea u a > < « +3 o OS *-■ R <^ X 10 OOOOC>OOOOOOCDOOOCiOOOOOOO 0000000*00000000 »OOC^O(Mr-4C10C-lC3C:(M'^C:>^'?^-CM CiO'^rt*.— tC^(MOOTt«OOCooooo>oooooooocDO. ooooc:>oooooooooo ooij^o*cooooooooo»ooo ioooocico»r::00»coo»noo '^TtiT-'OOOC-ocDioc:iCa .—..-• cocoi— 'icoccoa:«ooo»ococi(Moa» t^^nr2M<'*»-.O CjCit^OO'— '^T-HCOCO.— iCl'— 'r~-0;cO"^ ^O^-«C^^-■T^0l■*J-»0CD00'-■0Sl-t«D 0000'-*000000003CDt>-COOCt-^0:!CCCCt^ OO00t-OOt-.-Htv.COO0 CI COdt-OOOO n 6 6 d ^UOO , o ■■'oMbCtiC d*"-^ ■ fS;a:=:§ . ..... ^ ^ O ..t,:;:n::.'S-o...oo.o.ac. . =.--5!-- • 6 o'-a ^^^^^ ^^ c_.rH<5^4<^7- ;— c '::! " ^ ■-^ rt -i r-, c-^ ^ „ '^^"^rt::^^^ ^^ £^11 llEEEI-C""" -n^-^^ll S SI «■§! i i i ??|lll^it&&-g-i^lli ||||:S-iiii§§-||2| go •n ' fe (D fl > 1^ +i f, i-, 0 ■Q hf Cl to 0) £ u ^fi -.^ 0 «|^ a >t •2 3 >> ^■ .Ch-3 •o.| C c3 e T3 OQ 3 t^ 10 ?=. e . S t; ; t,^ rt C C G •" « S cita K S -^ s b irtj" S§.^.^ o 3 a>'S^ C « „ - nfflfe<;> _ o o .« t; ho St o 2 ce 03 o c; 5^ tH p. ■^CO.-«.-oooc:oooo OOOOOOiOOOO OOOOOOCCCOC50iOOOO ^ C) C^l (M C-l ^ '-' ^ C »o -^ cc «o '-' c--: ': OtDiO'-HOiOOOCCt^'— I CCi— lOO"^Cir-(?OOI>- OOiGOOSOOr-HMrJ'OSOO o H 2 O C . 3 3 ■SIS ■ o '«'« £: £5 -n, n ° o — — O c^f^f^ f^^ Ms fe.S.SO £t3 o ■ S fc " "^ bn Mr£ Ph W -g -g .tiO "a O o ^ , a; oj JZ3 , rf ^H -rt* (M O CD o c^ o c> oo o 00 CO -t< ^o CI CO 00 CO t^ -H050 o-= . ■^ Oi CO o r- lOOOOOOOiOO l^00000»01--0 05»OCOC?COC005»0^ ) lO »ooo »o t ■***iO"rt<»OiOiOW5'^if 1— ir-.-^.— lOiOi-Hoo 00000000(0 OiOO'00000>0 1 cq ^ ' o— * oi ai -^ I »CCiO-+'^HO'.>OiOtO-+' C-,.2 c o S c " >r"^ ojfa Ct3 I C't^« >/3 g.; ci >>>.i:Q C-; : -^ Q ^ lu m ■ .£fr: c °- " 2 o « 2 ^ Sr l-B o 3 £.t:;s ! fe-^ fe.2 • '"'r'" 2 tS > CD C3^^ to Je c t PQ(S c 2; 3 cj ,303 i-it^cpOcCieD»Ci:0 OOOC"00»OC>000 000»0»OOC')000>0> :COCCiCO-^rt*-(J^-^ 0000000)0000> 0*0000000000 i'^*-:2 "g 'fa CO fa'g-^ o t: fe 3 +^ 12 oioooQo— '■X't--t^»cr 103 00-rf'MOiC^JO;'— 'i— 'CiOO— '•^Oi^OeOOS'— ioc;cr>C5C50o<^c5C3(rso>o»ooo OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCMOOOOOOOOWiOOC^NOO ■^co-'i'coccccccco'^cocceckO'^-^cocccocc-^-^-^ccicoecNcocococoeocD 5 OO 1— ' 05 OO C5irecncocoocoicuocer— oo - CO OS ■— ' ^- OO CD OO 3 (M CO -^ Tt* CO CO CO 0O00O00 00 0C5O0 0 000CSO0OO00 0O0000 00 0»000000000^000"^OiOOOOOOOOW^OOOOOOO cr501000iOOOOO>t*r-OOOi'- ^ OOiO K0SO^»C05O«0t»« O « OiOOOSOOOiOiCOt -:.;3 oj 0^ ^ M o;::^ u o :r :3 c ^ m M>> O 3 n r;^^ :t^ " f3 S • • Is g O oPh&h t^ « 2 o ... 0) . . . O O C5 <3 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOO ioOOOOC)OOOOOOO00OOOO O ^- 1— ' .— ' O; O C<1 O O O »0 C^ CO C^ -^^ C-O;C000TfCCC0CCC0-^ »— iCOCOO'OClCOiC^C^OiO'-HOSOiOcOi— < Or!eOCOOO<33C0(3 ooo OOOOOOOCCOO »0»COOiOC;OOOOOt--CDOOOOO OOiOiCiOOCiC-CiOOOO O»C r-tc^j.— ti*(C0"^'^C'JC0»C)C0OC^»0'^ -^."O »o 6 c a ss§. S^^ . • . o... M ° o o o 0) 6 S =■ .-s . . =««^ . 't^ .id . . tl . . . ..5 . . . ^6 '"S d n cl CfR c; cs S o ° o 6 d.3 d Ao . s^s^do^ll^l Sr^li^'^mi^u §5 0^=200 S=:'t3 3 o^^ « 3 e e mSSS~SS-t^*J - s > K LS <^ » J = ui^-^-Uis^^^-^ 2 gE.^.:^!^ =«=«=« 0) g 5-2 « 2^" S g S o i, C.=^r^_- C C rt " fc fe^i >^^.;i!.i!.S-^-g Oi 1,-w G.-S.ti C 03 o '^OUO^ j-^rs S:^ g-o o ;= fe !3 b 2 s-rt o £ Sj=^S coc ■* I- ^ t^ : coOw ■ " m 5^ ^ ^ ^-HiHCi- Gj c «! .^ jii [ Uk^' CO o. ^ jg K K K • g'bt— — . ; ]'St3 JO) 1— i I ti o fc £|f^ gp-- Sx_s' ►S — '^ ^ £ S % % ■ -t:S£o o .-cfe $ Safe fa £ o C. ii ^ — ? , S :5 C KCh ^■'~' res £.2 o 3.£f2-S-S aoooHWw = ^t. "S.? 2 2 = , _ _.S~ M O So'' 30^ 3^:=-^ Ss.o-' 3 p. .^csr C^O; CfeQ COC*3MC-l»-«WMC W i— 1 o ;^ u >> m k4 O Ph "3 < bo > < o ^f^OO — 00 CO J^ ro 00 coi^too>>oo» I^Ot^ 0 ^ tC' — >o ^H to CO CO QO-H 0 CO •* CO 0 40 01 c'^' oco 00 ,— , ■<*< I^ 00 ■^ t^iO t^OJOOOOS-* < " ... 0 000 00 000000 U 8 000 0 "^ 0 0 0 00 0 3.2 0-. in 00 t^ >o 10 CO -* to CO COtOiOt^tOlM 0§ ■ 1^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ .n toi~-l:~ COt^ 00 lO— cO^Oi (i< oc: cc CO 00 lO to LO to 00 "* CiOOO 3 <0 Tf -^ lO CO CO 10 c^ ^ CO cq io-*toira-H O COCM(M fa , ^ CT> ^U5 — ^a> (M 0 >o •* CO tre S 1 «"! &faW2 Soo 0!Mo •>*> •* ■* m CO ^ IC -SH CO ■a- CO CO ITS "J" tf >o — mmci to to ,^ to oco to ci 05 ^ t^O^iOiO c CO 00 to C5 .— ^ to 05 -* en CO ■* 3 rt-H^ -*-U5iO^ ># ..^ .^ >n 10 10 lOlOCO toco Tj*-»0 10 »f^ »0 CO A-S ^ ^ 0 000 00 0 oo) 000 |S 000 0 0 0100 00 0 0 0 000 00 2 3 O C<] (M C^ ^ 0 c~) CO 0 00 0 t^ 10 d OO'i'CM ON »-t ITS 10 t^ m 0> og ^H ^H ^ "" '^ CM »-l ^^^^^^ COOO— . -r — 1 tr> ICM 0 — ceo — ^ Ch c t^ io t^ t^ 05 CO O!^ as 3 05 CO >^ U50COiOt^ 00>f5 03 to ira r-toco to t* 00 1-^ 00 0:000 000 CO ^- 0 CiCOt* &: " 6 0 i2 ■ • 3 3 o 03 0 ■ • fa 6 r1 6 C ■ «S • • 6 ■ • ■ ■ 0 0 " M ■ . .0 ■ ■ ■ C3 0 m 0 M • s ;3SO e SO 0 a; I3 P2;o Beacon Milling Co. Blatchford Calf Meal G. E. Conkcy Co. . Chas. M. Cox Co. . J. Gushing Co. =3 6 c Mi lfa c ta C 1-5 0 T3 0 fa a; 3 0 c 2 0 Q li °s ^ .-i +3 3 0 0 0 ■ ^ ■ ci '2 3 ■ P5 3 3 ratt's Baby Chick Food with Butter- milk ul-O-Pep Chick Starter uttermilk Chick Starting Food . urina Chick Startena .... itality Chick Starter .... pratts Chick Meal .... li, H bi W fa 1 1 1 hes and Starting Fe ting Mash Chick Mash Grain & Bone Starting Juttermilk Baby Chick termilk Babv Chick St j3 C3 0 >> 0 . C ci '.S ■ 0 0 I^hiok Mash with Dried 5y Chick Starter Mash ak-Cak Chick Starter ay Chick Starter with ster _53 c hick Mas eacon Star atcliford'f uttermilk, irthmore 1 uality But more Bal Buttermil shelman's fa go fa s ■" S: ^ t. OSSg ■ss§g a 0 §5S 0 oaccisc fa KO fa 0 « W< c e fa faefa>M =soi| «^« t^r~.,„„C-i -. CO cc ^ lO M „^ cq rt Tf- CO-HOdCOCM ^ 15 CD iC CD "*< CD CD OO (tD ^** C OOiOT-iCOiMC^QOOOOOOOOCO-rt< .cD»0000>OiOO'^O^DI>- T»cDcOTj• CD CO »0 -^ ooooooooo o ooooo0 »0 CO o OCD OiOb--— 'CDiOt>.iOOOOCOOOOi OCDi— "■^OlOOC-lOOO COiO(M00iOiMCDO5'-H Oi o io»o 1— i01i0t^»-HC0t--C iO»OCDCO*OiOt-^* CO ^ O ^ (M ^ '^ -Tj* 1— > iM lO lO CO CD CO tO »0 lO Tt* CD 'CO OO OO OO OOOO oo OO O OOOOOOOOO oo O O O O O O O O O O O O O lO O O o o o o o o OOOOOOOOO 000000*000 - oo CD Tt* T}< c^ r^ b- lO o -^ "O t^ r* lo CT> CD o *o '— < *o O o O S c S p^ o o c oo o • . P3 OH o=a § -o CO Mo r- 0 — -0 ■ o H- a-c ;Qo § c'B.S j3 03 c3 a> o ^. ■Ho o ^ o -S 6 S Ogo63 ■ s CLiO'affJMHdWw O c3 'V-^ H o . ca Q O O O'^ o „ V'OOO^O :S :S "l-a a a c'S cs o t. t. G^""o3— ^^(^ n "• 5 fi ■ 3 • '^ a ■ 6M . o-^a i O >.oo >.o . ,-; fn • ,/ fi is 3 W s;4-^ 3^--" •g-3 i£ S-O o 0~Obf^O^ ,-S m 3 M , 3 55^, ^^a-H O?: owwooc r/I.SlS^'S 3 CD -Cii cc 3 -s^ tH :3 S S S*"^ o bo a 3 •=•50 o 2g' '^ I CO 3'5 bl bc :0 _ 0 M— _. 2ogS| ■ . .^ a ■ • • -fe? ■ © 3 rt ,2 ■« ==^ x: S -S -S ■ r' -fl ■* 2 - O t> S bC^ D SO 2 o 5y a - 3i^3a)can3~t, -<i D CD I>. 05 iCTj^ O C iO»OrH'OiO'*ir5iO-t:ti>0'*J0 O^tOOO^OmOOeoOOOOCJOO Oki3iOOOC'.— »COO'-^CC ; OO O C5 OO -^ Tt< ■*f urr lO W5> OS ooooooooocoooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oc:>ocDo»oocDOocooooooo oooooooc:>oooooc;ooc30 :oooooioooooo»oooioocDo ooocsooociooicoooot^oooo Ol ^H r-l C^l pr< ■3 B 5^"?.S'>^V^S o -J C ►^-inO" tn C3^ C a a Ci t- |.r^ 0) 2 t^ S o o^ =§SS^Sa2;:z; - ^ '5 JS CO ^ "= 55 ■" >,.±;^« "W «g p.->, ^S^g-bi; c^^t: s ^i m-o „ g<^5(i,^£fo :>sSS£^S£giS&|^.rsS'3- . » to 03 rt . bO bO M a •.s -s S M S '^ OK J o .H' s =3 o >; >> „ 3 ^ -T3 . >,w * ^0 bp >-■>,• j;g-g^ a bo -O «'-f^ C ^2 M^- g^ ic 3 o 0~-rV] C>W Mrt ^--^ c2 ft C-1 T-( (M CJ 1-* CJ Ci iCM i-H C IWi— HMCNCJiM '■:pC^i-iCO(Mi-H0C!MCC'-H'-^'*«— |*-<^CC^H 17 r-r-ooiCS'^i )COC*3lM00O»-HCoc300o eOW3COCOeCCO»OW5»CiCTf*C^l(MTt^t^^oc^ lO — 00 0> t>- I^ Ci CD Ol lO C . Oi 03 lO =0 T— *-« .— I C >.-tTt-Ol"rt<00«DI---C000O»0 . t^ <:C t^ t- t^ t^ ! OOOOOC(r->OOOC30000CDOC:50QOC50 »oooiooooooooo»oo»-tou:)Otooooo oooooooooooooooo ■) 05 Ci t- CO c -^ lO CI »o >o c . rt< CD CO 03 C 3 -H ^- O »-» CO ooooooooooc :oooooooooc >ooooc:>oooooc;0 Nowak Milling Corp. Ontario Milling Co. Ontario Milling Co. Park & Pollard John D. Peck Grain Co. Pratt Food Co. Pratt Food Co. H. C. Puffer Co. . Quaker Oats Co. Quisenberry Feed Mfg. Co. Randall The Poultry Man M, II. Rolfe Est. . Ropes Bros. . Rosenbaum Bros. . Hyther & Warren . Syracuse Milling Co. Tioga Mill & Elevator Co. Thomas-Bo vce Feed Co. C. P. Washburn Co. H. K. Webster Co. . . Wetherbee Grain Co. M. G. Williams Est. Stanley Wood Grain Co. d a a Oh 3 to M M . . ■ . . _ — ;=: o o o o o o SS^«00 OO OOgSS^^ M M ^ M J-i -3 " " 'k 3 s aJ ■^0-^a 52 2^2 Sh g gEK S-S 0 O 3 ^ ^^^^ m m^^ 1 |o|d^^.^.-f -^Oa n •" T^rX KfeiJ«0P=>Sx'f-. QO ^- »0 O CC CO 05 O ^p," -'— <000'^»OiOOSCS eo^H»o»0'— 't^csosiOb-»-«Oiic rt^cDOOQ001C^OO"^»0'^COiOcOOOOi^"^>— .CO'— "COM oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo I000i00i00»0i00000»00i0i00>0 0 ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo &:0 OS C3 c t. t. o P5 0*3 "3 "3 .S c c S ■o -- ■E .S o m2 m'^rCutiH • b 3 o! C3 ca OOOCJO'^'^iO'M'— 'OOCOt^OO oou^coi^iO'Xicoiceot^iO'^ot-* ■^C^ OOO'-H'^OOOOCMCCCOt— ■^ ^iC'^-^^TpCOCOTj*^^^"^ 6 6 oo ■g'a OO 6 ■ O • ■ o ■ ■ . • • 2 2 M O o 53 fi T3 . ^ . . ^^ ■ -'C • . OJ O ■ hfl O O 2 3 So o «o cOO .H.H d d'^OOt.^d-ST.T. << caK o 0-- MQc * 03 _ _ 03 c3 _CQ;^.£f 03 02s o3o3t/}ani-,-,-h-Ma2^ ■ • nn • ."^ OJ -^ ♦i;i^ ^2cr yS.s M<^ 0) 03 ag-a— S 2 O O 03 CjSl:.-^ nS2 _, .s5 — Of O S O +^ >i-/^ ~M ?n - ^ i!gm-E^'M-Ci'-^-°^ Sj= c •-2, 0U,„0— ^^-kj-TccS ao 52 a-s 3??S!30 * £5 3 3 O CO «co CC"^CCCCiMCOCOCOC^aC. i:D CO r^ o r-i 1— '■^Nf— cC^tOOiCOOC^l OOOOOOOOOC3 oooooooooo iO»OOOQOGOt^OOOOOOO iC:0 lO lO oooooooooo ooo-ooooooo i-HCOTt<^ co^ J^j<*^"»^i^^rt<^»0*i* CI 1—1 c^i '^^ >— iCOCCCCMiOCOb-OTt* O— •-f-000':00'*-**00 www -... n C D. ■ -^ 6 o o OO O o C C C . . M "^^ -^ ,i^ -^ ?i Kt '3 rt c3 fll -"^ .o 6^ OJ O f- GJ ? ^ S £= tf o cCi nil o a> 6 11 O Oi •so 0) m offi ftM . m2;S-^ i« n X » c3 3'" 3 is S «-C 0)*^ >j Pio "32 20 Inspection of Unmixed By-Products. The Oil Cake Meals (Cottonseed and Linseed Meals). Deficiency Statistics for Cottonseed Meal. Nuvther of Samples shoiuing a Shortage of More than One Per Cent Protein or Fat, or an Excess of One Per Cent Fiber. Number of Samples Manufacturer. collected. Protein. Fat. Fiber. F. W. Erode Corp 2 1 - 1 Buckeye Cotton Oil Co 4 1 - 1 Humphrevs-CTodivin Co. ......... 22 5 - - R. N. Neal & Co 1 1 A. C. Westervelt & Co 10 3 Of the 87 samples reported, 11, or about 12| per cent, ran more than one per cent under guarantee in protein, a situation which can only be duplicated in ready-mixed dairy feeds. Where such deficiencies occurred, if a sufficient amount was found in stock, samples were submitted to the Bureau of Chemistry, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, for action under the Federal law. In this way it is possible to institute proceedings directly against the original shipper, who is responsible for placing the goods on the market. The 15 samples of linseed meal collected maintained their guarantees. The brand put out by the American Milling Company consists of linseed meal and ground screen- ings, and is so guaranteed. The Corn Gluten Products (Gluten Meal and Gluten Feeds). None of these products varied materiallj^ from their guarantees. They were uni- form in composition and the purchaser is quite safe in rel5dng on the guarantee. Corn Gluten Meal is that part of commercial shelled corn that remains after the separation of the larger part of the starch, the germ and the bran, by the processes employed in the manufacture of cornstarch and glucose. The article on the market is known as Diamond Gluten Meal. Cor7i Gluten Feed, sold under different trade names, is that part of commercial shelled corn that remains after the separation of the larger part of the starch and the germ by the processes employed in the manufacture of cornstarch and glucose. Brewery and Yeast Factory By-Products. Malt Sprouts are seldom found in the Massachusetts markets except as an in- gredient of mixed feeds. The one sample found, a Canadian product, except for a slight deficiency in protein maintained its guarantee. The brewers' grains maintained their guarantees. The yeast grains were as represented except for a deficiency in fat. Wheat Middlings (Standard and Flour Middlings, and Red Dog Flour). Definitions. — Standard Middlings consists mostly of fine particles of bran, germ and very little of the fibrous offal obtained from the "tail of the mill." This product must be obtained in the usual commercial process of milling and, according to standard set by the Association of Feed Control Officials, shall not contain more than 9.5 per cent crude fiber. Flour Middlings consists of standard middlings and red dog flour combined in the proportions obtained in the usual process of miUing and shall not contain more than 6.0 per cent crude fiber. Red Dog Flour consists of a mixture of low grade flour, fine particles of bran and the fibrous offal from the "tail of the miU" and shall not contain more than 4.0 per cent crude fiber. ' < The standard middhngs maintained their guarantees with the exception of two Canadian products. Wheat Shorts and Screenmgs manufactured by Jas. Goldie Com- pany, Guelph, Ontario, and Wheat Shorts and Screenings manufactured by Hunt Bros, of London, Ontario, both excelled their minimum fiber guarantees. 21 The flour middlings were as represented. With the exception of Sonny South Red Dog, manufactured by the Louisville Milling Company, the red dog flours maintained their guarantees. This sample was deficient in fat. One sample of low grade flour, manufactured by the Geo. Urban Milling Company, is included in this group. Wheat Mixed Feeds. Wheat Mixed Feed (mill run) contains all of the by-products of the wheat kernel exclusive of flour, combined in the proportions obtained in the usual process of com- mercial milling. Wheat mixed feed may be a blend of wheat bran and wheat middlings mixed in varying proportions. In fact, a number of brands contain no standard middlings, but are admixtures of wheat bran and red dog flour or flour middlings. No attempt has been made to separate the two groups of wheat feed into their respective classes. Their appearance will usually identify them. None of the samples collected fell below their guarantees by one per cent of protein and fat, or exceeded their fiber guarantees by a like amount. Wheat Bran. Sixty-one samples of wheat bran are reported, 19 of which are known to be of Canadian origin. All of them met their guarantees, although one sample manu- factured by Hunt Bros, of London, Ontario, contained 28 per cent of screenings. While guaranteed to contain mill run of screenings, it is not beheved that merchantable wheat would contain enough weed seeds and other foreign material to account for this amount of screenings in the bran. Rye Feed. But three samples of rye feed were obtained, all being manufactured by one com- pany. They were uniform in quality and fully met their guarantees. Hominy Feed. The hominy feeds maintained their guarantees without exception. There was no particular difference in the composition of those made from white and from yellow corn. One sample from the Cereal Mills Company, of Wausau, Wisconsin, contained 13.36 per cent of protein. This exceptionally high protein content was due probably to a greater addition of corn germ meal than is the usual custom. Dried Beet Pulp. Of the 11 samples of beet pulp collected, one sample bearing the guarantee of the Hottelet Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, ran below its protein guarantee by more than one per cent. The exceptionally high ash content of this particular sample indicates that it also contained an excessive amount of dirt or lime. An attempt was made to obtain a Federal sample of this lot but the shipment had all been sold before the arrival of the inspector. One sample of Larrowe pulp exceeded its fiber guarantee by over one per cent. Oat Feed. The greater part of the oat feed sold is in combination with other material such as corn, to form stock feeds, or in the molasses feeds. A relatively small amount finds its way into the retail markets unmixed. The three samples collected were as repre- sented. Dairy and Molasses Feeds (guaranteed 15 per cent or more in protein). Deficienx'y Statistics of Prepared Feeds. Number of Samples showing a Shortage of More than One Per Cent Protein or Fat, or an Excess of One Per Cent Fiber. Number Manufacturer. Feed. of Samples collected. Protein. Fat. Fiber. E. W. Bailey & Co Capital Dairy Ration . 1 1 _ _ Beacon Milling Co Beacon Dairv Ration . 6 21 - - J. Bibby & Sons .... Bibbv's Dairy Meal 4 - 1 1 Champion Milling & Grain Co. Challenge Dairy Feed . 2 1 - - Champion Milling & Grain Co. Supreme Dairv Feed 1 1 - - Clover Leaf Mills .... Adv. Registrv Dairy Feed 2 11 - - Clover Leaf Mills .... Cloverdale Milk Grains 4 21 - 2 Clover Leaf Mills .... Sweet 16 Dairv Feed . 2 11 - 1 Chas. M. Cox Co Paragon Dairv Feed 2 11 - - F. Diehl & Son Diehl's Dairy Feed 2 11 - 1 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . Milkmore Dairv Ration 14 11 - - J. O. Ellison Co Ellison's 24^^, Dairv Feed 3 11 - - Elmore Milling Co Elmore's Milk Grains . 11 - 2 - Foster Grain Co. .... Diamond A Daiiy Ration 3 11 - - Chas. A. Krause Milling Co. Badger Sweet Dairy Feed 4 3 - 3 Mapl-Flake Mills .... Iroquois Creamery Feed 1 - - 1 Mapl-Flake Mills .... Armour's 24', Dairy Feed .5 21 - - Maritime Milling Co. Hitest Dairy Feed 4 - - 1 Maritime Milling Co. Bull Brand Dairy Ration 5 21 - - Ontario Milling Co Uncle John's Cream Pot Dairy Ration 4 2 - - Park & Pollard Co Stevens 44 Sweetened . 2 11 - - Park & Pollard Co Stevens Economy Feed 3 11 - - Thomas-Bovce Feed Co. . Direct Dairy Feed 6 3 - - Western Grain Products Co. Calumet Dairy Ration 3 - - 1 Whittemore Co. .... Whittemore's Dairy Ration 2 2 - - Stanley Wood Grain Co. . Bliss Dairy Ration 4 ~ 1 ~ 1 Average protein content of all samples collected equaled that stated in guarantee. Mixed Feeds containing Low Grade Ingredients. Brand. Name of Ingredient. Auburn Dairy Feed Champion Challenge Dairy Feed Cloverdale Milk Grains Sweet 16 Dairy Feed Paragon Dairy Feed Vigor I65 Dairy Feed . Diehl's Dairy Ration Ellison's Dairv Feed 20% Ellison's Milk Feed Eshelman's Lancaster 20 Dairy Feed Eshelman's Pennsy 16 Dairy Feed Algrane Milk Feed Algrane Read the Tag Dairy Feed International Special Dairy Feed Badger Sweet Dairy Feed Iroquois Creamery Feed Armour's 2i% Dairy Feed . Hitest Dairy Feed Domino Butterine Dairy Feed Stevens 44 Sweetened Stevens Economy Feed Big Q Dairy Ration Boss Dairy Ration Fiske's Favorite Dairy Feed Advance Dairy Feed Calumet Dairy Feed Hammond Dairy Feed Whittemore's Dairy Ration . Ground grain screenings. Ground grain screenings. Clipped oat by-product. Clipped oat by-product. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Oat feed. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Grain screenings. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Grain screenings. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Oat feed. Oat feed. Clipped oat by-product. Grain screenings. Grain screenings. Flax plant by-product. Oat feed. Oat feed. Oat feed. Oat feed. Grain screenings. Grain screenings. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Oat feed. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Grain screenings. Clipped oat by-product. Grain screenings. Clipped oat by-product. Grain screenings. Oat feed. Two hundred and fifty-three samples, representing 84 brands of dairy feeds, were collected. Of these, 30, or 11.8 per cent, were more than one per cent low in protein, 4 samples were more than one per cent low in fat, and 11 exceeded their fiber guarantee by more than one per cent. 23 Of the 84 brands collected, one-third contained one or more low grade ingredients. The low grade products found were as follows. Oat Feed. — On account of its high fiber content (25-30 per cent) and its conse- quent low digestion coefficient without compensating advantages, it is not believed that this product can be classed otherwise when used as a component of a concentrated feed. Clipped Oat By-Product is similar in composition to oat feed, and is included in the group with oat feed for the same reasons. Grain Screenings. — This is an indefinite term. Screenings may have con- siderable food value but on account of the weed seeds they contain may prove un- palatable and are best consumed with the molasses with which they are usually mixed. Flax Plant By-Product, found in only one instance, is not as valuable as any of the foregoing from a food standpoint. It is believed that the above-mentioned products add nothing of any particular value and may even detract from the other feeds with which they are mixed. Deficiency Statistics of Calf Meals. Number, of Samples showing a Shortage of More than One Per Cent Protein or Fat, or an Excess of One Per Cent Fiber. Manufacturer. Feed. Number of Samples collected. Protein. Fat. Fiber. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . Ralston Purina Co Eastern States Calf Meal . Puiina Calf Chow 1 1 1 1 - Deficiency Statistics of Stock and Horse Feeds. Number of Samples showing a Shortage of More than One Per Cent Protein or Fat, or an Excess of One Per Cent Fiber. Number Manufacturer. Feed. of Samples collected. Protein. Fat. Fiber. E. W. Bailey & Co Pennant Stock Feed 1 1 E. A. Cowee Co. Cowee's Stock Feed 0 _ 0 J. Cushing Co. . Quality Stock Feed 3 2 _ 1 J. Cushin? Co. . Vigor Sugared Stock Feed 3 _ _ 9 F. Diehl & Son , Diehl 's Stock Feed 2 _ _ 9 Elmore Millinu; Co. . E'more Stock Feed 1 _ 1 _ Foster Grain Co. Diamond A Stock Feed 2 _ 1 1 H-0 Cereal Co. . Algrane Horse Feed 4 11 1 Horvitz Grain Co. Wantmore Stock Feed . 2 _ 1 Illinois Feed & Elevator Co. Homestead Stock Feed 1 _ _ 1 Chas. A. Krause Milling Co. Badger Stock Feed 3 _ _ 9 Chas. A. Krause Milling Co. Sugared Badger Stock Feed 11 _ 2 Mapl-Flake Mills Armour Horse Feed 2 _ 1 Maritime Milling Co. Bull Brand Stock Feed 1 _ _ 1 Nowak Milling Corp. Fidelity Stock Feed 3 _ _ 1 Ontario Milling Co. . Uncle .John's Stock Feed 2 I _ Thomas-Boyce Feed Co. Direct Stock Feed 2 11 _ 1 C. P. Washburn Co. . Made Right Stock Feed 1 H. K. Webster Co. . Blue Seal Stock Feed . 2 _ 9 Stanley Wood Grain Co. Wood's Stock Feed 2 2 2 2 1 Average protein content of all samples collected equaled that .stated in guarantee. One hundred and seven samples of stock feeds, representing 53 brands, were col- lected. Of these 7 per cent were deficient in protein, 5 per cent deficient in fat, and 21 per cent high in fiber. The classification of stock feeds which follows indicates the amount of oat hulls or other material high in fiber content which has been added. Those containing the least fiber are to be preferred. 24 Z H O O « n o c w OQ m Q o 02 o — n. S eoGCooc-]-*t^oou^oo^o:o CJ HI Lj c; o uf^f^ O 0,=^ u o .> ^Ulzr- bti^r-^ t-'^^- ~ '^ t? — ' -1- t^ c =3 3J .So S^Sg"-^ O OCO 5f| oicoc0500c^O!r>ic.^T}<-f50(MC^c;ccc^ot iw^osoocccooo^^c M 00 CD CM 05 CO -* CO t^ lO iO o (M .— • »0 Tt* >0 «3 Ol C lO iC "Tt< -^ CO CO cc c »OOiOO»OOiOiCOO'rj^e-5COOOOOO oococoiocoiO'-HCO^-Hcoco.-ii^noot-osc^ iO'<*'^'^COeOCOCO'^-«J<-^CO'rJ^COCM(M(M^ oocomo»ocooooocoioO(r^t^Otcocco CC.-HOOCMCOCOCO^HC^C3--ilO»0(NO.-(0 -OOt^C5COCOOS'— •CO.-'.— OOCO»OCOCOOlO-^OCiO|-~C-l .-trt^OGOOO t^CD.— it^CO»OT-«C-liOt^iJ^OCOt X2 U -'O— i05C0f0»00SOt^OC0C0O Oi— 'i0O--iC3r^l--C0C0£>-O.-<^i0C0CC»O E. W. Martin assisted in the phosphoric acid laboratory two months, and R. A. Mooney in the nitrogen laboratory three months. Brands of Fertilizer not Sampled — (Continued). Manufacturer and Brand The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc. Chesapeake Four Eight Four . Chesapeake Three Twelve Three E. Frank Coe's New England Corn Fertihzer Thomas W. Emerson Co. Emerson's Special Grass Fertil- izer R. & J. Farquhar Co. Hardwood Ashes .... Sheep Manure .... The L. T. Frisbie Co. Frisbie's Tobacco Manure 5-8-6 Castor Pomace .... Dexter E. Morton Horton's 7-5-2 .... International Agricultural Corp. Fish L. B. Lovitt & Co. "Lovit Brand" Cotton Seed Meal The National Fertilizer Co. National Potato Phosphate New England Fertilizer Co. New England Tobacco 5-4-5 . Nitrate Agencies Co. NACO Brand «50 Peruvian Guano Mixture NACO Brand * 12 Peruvian Guano Mixture NACO Brand Castor Pomace NACO Brand Cottonseed Meal , Grade 4-8-4 3-12-3 3-10-6 7-5-2 0-1.25-3.5 1.09-.72-1 5-8-6 5.5-0-0 7-5-2 8-7-0 8.36-0-0 2-8-3 5-4-5 6.25-5-6.25 5.25-10.5-5.25 6-O-0 6.5-0-0 Manufacturer and Brand Nitrate Agencies Co. — Con. NACO Brand Fish . NACO Brand Muriate of Pot- ash NACO Brand Steamed Bone NACO Brand Sulphate of Am- monia .... NACO Brand Sulphate of Pot- ash NACO Brand Tankage 7-15 NACO Brand Tankage 10-10 Olds & Whipple, Inc. O & W Special Complete Corn, Onion & Potato Fertilizer Double Sulphate of Potash & Magnesia .... Precipitated Bone Phosphate Sulphate of Potash Pawtucket Rendering Co. Animal 3-8-4 Farm Favorite 2-8-2 . Pawtucket 4-8-7 Ground Bone M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Shoemaker's "Swift-Sure" Super Phosphate Potato No. 1 Shoemaker's Bone Meal C. P. Washburn Co. Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Potash The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Wilcox Muriate of Potash . Worcester Rendering Co. Prosperity Brand Ground Tank age Grade 11-5.03-0 0-0-48 3-22.88-0 25-0-0 0-0-48 7-6.8-0 10-4.5-0 3-8-2 0-0-25.9 0-38-0 0-0-48 3-8-4 2-8-2 4-8-7 3-20-0 3-8-5 4.5-21-0 0-0-48 0-0-48 0-0-50 7-10-0 An alphabetical list of persons holding certificates of registration is given at the end of the bulletin; and the registered brands analyzed are arranged alphabetically in the appropriate tables. Some manufacturers appear to think that their obligation to register certain brands of fertilizer, for which there is an unexpected demand, depends largely upon the ability of the collecting agents to locate and sample such products. The law is specific with reference to such cases (see Sections 254 and ^55 of General Laws, 1920, Chapter 94). It is just as easy to register such brands as soon as an order is received, and shows a much better spirit of cooperation than to await a request for registration from the control official. Although there is a penalty attached to the sale of a fertilizer without filing of the state- ment and payment of the registration or analysis fee, the fertilizer control officials recognize that such omissions may be caused wholly by a pressure of business incident to the shipping season and not to any disposition to avoid the requirements provided by Jaw. It is hoped that in the future prompt application for registration will follow orders taken for brands not included in the list registered in January. COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. Four sampling agents were employed for an average period of three months, beginning April 1. They had the use of automobiles to facilitate their work, and were assigned territories as follows: Mr. James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden and Hampshire counties; Mr. George H. Kelton, Middle- sex and Worcester counties; Mr. Harold J. Berry, Bristol, Barnstable, Dukes and Plymouth counties; and Mr. Walter E. Moore, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk counties. FERTILIZER VALUATIONS. Wholesale quotations on fertilizer chemicals and unmixed crude stock materials have, with the exception of nitrate of soda and cottonseed meal, shown a material decrease as compared with the previous season. Among the ammoniates this has been more noticable in case of organic animal pro- ducts than with ammonium sulfate. For the six months preceding March 1, 1924, tankage was quoted $8.00 per ton and fish $11.34 per ton less than for the same period in 1923. Acid phosphate and bone showed a little falling off, and the potash salts were quoted a little over $4.00 per ton less than for the previous season. Data secured from wholesale quotations in the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter and Drug and Chemical Markets are given below in comparison with quotations for a similar period and from the same source for 1923. Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Raw Materials Material Average Price per Ton for Six Mouths Preceding March 1 1923 1924 Ammoniuni sulfate Nitrate of soda Dried iilood (15% ammonia) Tankage (11-6.86 grade) Dry ground fish (11-6.87 grade) . Cottonseed meal (7 ammonia) Ground steamed bone (3-22.88 grade) Acid pliosphate (16%) .... Muriate of potash (.50.54 K20) High-grade sulfate of potash (48.65 KiO) Kainit (14-16 K2O) .... «65 35 49 96 69 40 45 82 64 54 38 73 37 30 8 81 35 38 44 56 7 84 $61 15 49 39 61 32 37 82 53 20 40 61 31 57 8 14 31 10 40 37 7 34 The Massachusetts fertilizer control adopted the following schedule of fertilizer trade values for 1924. As is customary, these are based on average wholesale cash quotations in centers of distribution in New England, New York, and New Jersey, as furnished in reliable trade journals. Twenty per cent overhead was added to all wholesale quotations before calculating the trade values. Fertilizer Trade Values for 1924. Form of Plant Food Value per Pound Unit Value Nitrogen in fish, blood and meat n fine! bone and tankage n coarsei bone and tankage n mixed fertilizers . In ammonia salts In nitrates Organic nitrogen Organic nitrogen Organic nitrogen Organic nitrogen Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. Phosphoric Acid Soluble in water Reverted- In fine' bone and tankage and in fish .... In coarse' bone and tankage and in ashes ... In cottonseed meal and other vegetable meals . Insoluble in mixed fertilizers Potash As sulfate As muriate In ashes and organic vegetable products 185 185 34 30 24 28 38 06 05 05 04 04 02 055 04 04 $3 70 3 70 6 80 6 00 4 SO 5 60 7 60 1 20 1 00 1 00 80 80 40 10 80 80 ^Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which will pass through a sieve having circular openings 1-50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to particles which will not pass through the sieve. 2 Dissolved by a neutral solution of ammonium citrate, specific gravity 1.09, in accordance with method adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 6 FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Total Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in Massachusetts July 1, 1921, to July 1, 1922 July 1, 1922, to July 1, 1923 July 1, 1923, to July 1, 1924 Mixed fertilizers Pulverized natural manures Unmixed fertilizing materials 47,671 2,401 15,914 46,328 2,341 15,040 44,013 2,112 15,843 Totals 65,986 63,709 61,968 The fertilizer sold during 19!24 was 1,741 tons less than for the previous year, and 4,018 tons less than for 1922. The tonnage of mixed fertilizers sold during the season was 2,315 less than for 1923, and 3,658 less than for 1922. The tonnage of unmixed fertilizing materials was 803 more than for 1923 and 71 tons less than for 1922. The distribution of the tonnage of mixed fertilizers according to grade is shown in the following tables. The grades have been divided into high and low analysis mixtures, and arranged according to tonnage. (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food) Available Plant Food) Grade Tonnage Brands ' Grade Tonnage Brands' 4-8-4 8,267 44 5-3-5 2,187 5-8-7 . 5,862 35 2-8-3 862 17 5-4-5 . 5,123 18 2-8-2 804 18 .3-8-4 . 3,172 20 1. 5-5-5 .... 316 - 4-6-10 2,057 16 1-8-2 201 - 4-8-7 . 1,992 19 7-2-4 135 - 7-3-7 1.355 7 5-4-4 82 - 7-3-5 . 761 - 5-6-1 49 - 6-6-4 . 559 8 4-7-2 30 - 3-9-2 . 526 5 3-8-2 25 - 6-4-4 . 497 - 3-6-4 23 - 4-8-6 . 484 7 Miscellaneous . 35 9 7-6-5 . 459 - 3-8-3 . 446 o 10-3-8 433 - 5-8-5 . 426 5 5-10-5 414 — 8-6-6 . 356 7 3-8-8 . 337 _ 3-12-3 320 - 7-6-6 300 - 6-8-10 295 - 3-10-6 250 5 7-8-3 222 - 2-12-4 203 7 6-4-7 197 - 6-8-5 176 - 3-8-6 . 176 - 6-8-7 173 - 4-10-4 170 - 5-4-15 164 _ 3-10-3 163 — 6-10-10 162 - 6-6-3 . 153 - 7-5-2 . 139 6 5.5-5-5.5 128 - 3-8-10 122 - 4-7-5 . 121 — 3-6-10 110 - 2-8-10 107 — 6-4-6 . 95 _ 3-10-4 89 - 5-8-4 . 75 - ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers — Concluded Complete Fertilizers — Concluded. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food) Available Plant Food) Grade Tonnage Brands ' Grade Tonnage Brands i 2-10-4 .... 73 3-5-6 73 _ 5-6-5 . 61 - 6-3-5 53 - 1-10-3 52 - 6-3-6 . 45 - 4-10-6 44 - 10-4-2 40 _ 2-8-4 . 39 — 5-6-3 . 38 _ 6-8-8 . 30 - 7.5-2-10.5 30 - 4-6-4 . 29 _ 2-8-5 . 28 — 7-4-3 . 27 - 6-5-5 . 26 — 8-12-20 16 _ 6-9-6 16 - 2-12-2 15 - Miscellaneous 132 21 Special Mixtures 511 - Totals .... Totals 39,014 297 4,749 58 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Available Plant Food) Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food) Grade Tonnage Brands ^ Grade Tonnage Brands * 4-14-0 .... 0-12-6 .... 4-10-0 .... 0-12-2 .... 100 50 22 16 - 2.5-9-0 .... Miscellaneous . Totab .... 40 22 - Totals .... 188 6 62 4 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials and Pulverized Natural Manures. Material Tonnage Brands ' Acid phosphate Nitrate of soda Pulverized manures Cottonseed meal Ground bone Dry ground fish Tankage .... Castor pomace Sulfate of ammonia Muriate of potash . Wood ashes Rapeseed meal Sulfate of potash Sulfate of potash-magne.sia Garbage tankage Precipitated bone Kainit .... Dried blood Nitrapo .... Carbonate of potash Basic slag .... Totals 4,492 23 2,815 23 2,112 15 1,863 13 1,491 27 1,139 15 772 21 740 8 715 11 667 16 353 — 2.50 - 242 9 110 - 68 - 51 - 39 - 19 — 8 — 5 - 5 - 17,956 199 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. The following deductions result from a study of the preceding tables :^ — 1. Seventy-one per cent of the total fertilizer tonnage sold was mixed goods and 29 per cent was unmixed materials. 2. Of the 44,013 tons of mixed goods sold, about 99.4 per cent were com- plete fertilizers and .6 per cent ammoniated superphosphates and superphos- phates with potash. 3. Of the 43,763 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 89 per cent were high-analysis (14 per cent or over of available plant food) and 11 per cent low analysis fertilizers (less than 14 per cent available plant food). This shows an increase over 1923 of 2 per cent in favor of the high-analysis goods. 4. Of the 39,014 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, 90.5 per cent were furnished by 26 grades and 229 brands, and 76 per cent were furnished by 10 grades and 173 brands. 5. Of the 4,749 tons of low-analysis complete fertilizers, 92 per cent were furnished by 5 grades and 42 brands, and 81 per cent were furnished by 3 grades and 37 brands. 6. The tonnage of unmixed fertilizing materials, exclusive of pulverized manures and Nitrapo, was distributed as follows: nitrogen products, 53 per cent; phosphoric acid compounds. 38 per cent; potash compounds, 9 per cent. Of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers, 47 per cent was derived from grades adopted by station directors and agronomists as the "New England Standard Nine"; while an additional 26 per cent deviated from the grades thus recommended by only 1 per cent in one or more of the plant foods, namely, ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. Relation between Massachusetts Tonnage and the "New England Standard Nine" Grades of Mixed Fertilizer. Additional Tonnage Made Up Grade Tonnage of Grades siiowing but 1% Variation in One or More Total Plant Foods 4-8-4 8,267 4,240 12,507 5-8-7 5,862 2,211 8,073 5-4-5 5,123 3,111 8,234 4-8-6 484 176 660 8-0-6 356 759 1,115 3-10-G 250 44 294 2-12-4 203 320 523 3-10-4 •. . 89 406 495 0-12-6 50 0 50 Totals 20,684 11,267 31,951 Several of the grades not recommended in the "New England Standard Nine" had a relatively high tonnage, as follows: Grade Brands Tonnage 4-6-10 16 2,057 7-3-7 7 1,355 7-3-5 less than 5 761 6-6-4 8 559 3-9-2 5 526 Three of these grades represent fertilizers used largely for tobacco. Two low-analysis grades of mixed fertilizers likewise had significantly large tonnages: the 2-8-3 with a total of 862 tons sold under 17 different brand names; and the 2-8-2 with 804 tons sold under 18 brand names. These two particular grades are uneconomically low, and are probably used by farmers who are least able to pay high prices for their plant food. ^ - . ox .. .. MIXED FERTILIZERS Deficiency Statistics. The following table gives a general summary of the inspection of each manufacturer's brands; it records the number of brands analyzed and the number approximately equal to the guarantee in commercial value; it records 9 deficiencies found, indicating the seriousness of each. The data, given with reference to deficiencies apply to nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash. The brands which were found to have deficiencies serious enough to equal a commercial shortage of $1.00 or over per ton have been grouped by themselves and are tabulated just preceding the tables listing those brands which substantially comply with the guarantee. Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Manufacturer The American Agricultural Chemical Co Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Atlantic Packing Co. The Barrie Laboratories . Beach Soap Co. .... The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Bon Arbor Chemical Co. . Bowker Fertilizer Co. The Cando Co Chemical Agricultural Specialty Co. The E. D. Chittenden Co. Clay & Son TheCoe-MortimerCo., Inc. . John C. Dow Co Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Essex Fertilizer Co The Excell Laboratories . The L. T. Frisbie Co. . . . John'Glennie Thos. Hersom & Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc Dexter E. Horton .... International Agricultural Corp. . Henry James & Son, Inc. Lowell Fertilizer Co. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co A. G. Markham & Co. . William N. McCrillis Mitchell Fertilizer Co. J. J. Moreau & Son .... The National Fertilizer Co. . New England Fertilizer Co. . Nitrate Agencies Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Oyama Products Co. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co.. Pawtucket Rendering Co. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Ross Bros. Co F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co. M. L. Shoemaker & Co. . Springfield Rendering Co. Standard Agricultural Chemical Corp Henry J. Taubert .... William Thomson & Sons, Ltd. Vitogro Chemical Co. C. P. Washburn Co. . . . The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Worcester Rendering Co. Number of Brands Number of Testa or Determinations s3 ^^ ^^ ;^t^ Ti >i 2 t« 1i^ ^ 5. ^ o ters T) O as 03 n 0) ei ^ a 1 a "3 o o o.'J C D 03 a lO to (NOO coo paa'juBJBnQ punoj[ ooooooo ITS iO *C »0 »0 lO o CO CO CO CD CD CO CO OO ^r-im^rt ceo lO r>» -^ r- OS lo -^ CD CD t^ CO CO r^ i^ CO 00 00 (^ paa^u'Bj'BnQ punoj CO CD CO CD CD CD CD OO COCO OT >0 CO t>. iM O! 00 O 1-1 CO 1-1 O t^ 00 CD CD CO CD CO CD CO lOOO t^CO p83')n'BJBno 03 02 Oi OS O: CO CO i>)(NNiN wcm CO CO CO CO CO CO CD coco puno_j CO CO iM IM 03 CO-* -06UI JO A^n^'^^C) UIJOJ ui uoi^JOdojj^ o o o o o 2 m o o o o o 2 5 ocooo££ ^ ;^ •E-tS ajn!)siop\[ uox wcI aS^^joqs iBiojaui -uioQ a^BuiKoiddv uop'Bnj'By^ jBiOJaiu -nioQ ajBUiixoJddy t^ m o ■* ic CO N »0 O I— < Oi X 03 o> CD CD [~ lO CO t^ t^ 1-1 lO O o) t^ "t r- CO 1-1 (N0cooomo30 rt ri N (M .-I CO IN lOCO 00 lO •-I 00 00 CO CO I^ CD t^ CO diNiNiNC^COCO ^ -E jazi^i^jajj JO apBJQ ooooo rtrt_irti-icDCO -^ Tjl Tf Tf Tf 00 00 r-1 rt coco 2 a ^6 en ™ ca 3 a d 03 K J3 w-s ^ . o is fe !S§ c £ CI E OS 2; 00005 rt 1-1 rt 1-1 'H CO CD I i I I .1 I i Tj< T)< TJH r)< ■* 00 00 > fe fe fe (i, fc, Pi, ta .- lU < 7 "^ aaaftftaa toooopoo .20000000 0 .f^ 3 MMMMMMM "Coo E- a rmour F« Armour's Armour's Armour's Armour's Armour's Armour's Armour's H < > > us U.-E 3-E 3 ta f-^ :cB CC "13 C3 03 Co '5 41 O V UJ -^ -^ 200 O If C ci OQ I >> t. c S U t. o t-» flO ^ CO t~ i-HCO "O C •j:; 0 ce 3ce whi ecei a J3 Tt<0O j3 '- •3-303 "^ 0 0 §2 a 0 ©""'S a ^ja O'S a 'd'S s ° 00 a" m » t^ , =i - t- M.2.2.2 «3 O 2 „ O "S ^ ''^ m-B.'l f°!B^ •^aaggSo^M'S ^00^ oS = ^2te ^■«^-°ai-2^-^ ;S--afl°a£^1 a^^o g,o3 o^ ^7; g a a c3 S-g s^aB 8 03 ca a.-s S a J a => m m =« a g^ Mg o § e3 csjn""— - c E i O 3 3T-^ m a » ! a a% o^ I oj 0 O I 5^^ 3 5.S 3J.2 ; [> fc 3 t- +:> 3 Ir gss a^ ° t^ § "3^3 ID 2-f 2^ -So go 17 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee. Name of Manufacturer and Brand The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Agrico Fertilizer for Corn (1)' Agrico Fertilizer for Potatoes (1) Agrico Fertilizer for Truck (1) . Agrico Tobacco Manure (1) Aroostook Potato Manure (o)'^ Bay State Fertilizer (2) Bowker's Lawn & Garden Dressing (5)' Bradley's Blood, Bone & Potash (4)^ Bradley's Complete Manure for Potatoes & Vege- tables (11)* Bradley's Complete Manure for Top-Dressing Grass & Grain (9)3 .... Bradley's Complete Manure with 10% Potash (9)3 Bradley's Complete Tobacco Manure (5)3 Bradley's Corn Phosphate (9)3 Bradley's Eclipse Phosphate (6)3 Bradley's NortUand Potato Grower (7)3 Bradley's Onion Fertilizer (2) . Bradley's Potato Fertilizer (9)3 Bradley's Potato Manure (7)3 .... Bradley's XL Superphosphate of Lime (11)^ Breck's Lawn & Garden Dressing (1) Breck's Market Garden Manure (1) Complete Manure with 10% Potash (1) Complete Potato Mixture (1) . Corn Favorite (2) Double A Tobacco Fertilizer (5) Farquhar's Lawn & Garden Dressing (1) Farquhar's Vegetable & Potato Fertilizer (1) . Fish & Potash (5)3 General Crop Fertilizer (1) .... Grass & Lawn Top Dressing (1) . . . Grass & Oats Fertilizer (1) .... Hercules Top Dresser (2) Listers Corn & Potato Fertilizer (2) Listers Potato Manure (1) .... Listers Success Fertilizer (1) . Listers 4-8-4 Fertilizer (2) .... Monarch Potato Manure (1) . Patapsco General Truck Fertilizer (1) Patapsco Matchless Potash Manure (1) Patapsco Peerless Potato Guano (9)3 Patapsco 3-12-3 FertiUzer (6)3 Patapsco 4-8-7 FertiUzer (1) . Patapsco 5-8-7 FertiUzer (9)* . Patapsco 5-10-5 FertiUzer (2) ... Patapsco 6-6-4 Fertilizer (1) . Patapsco 7-8-3 FertiUzer (4)^ .... Peerless Potato Manure (2) . . . . Prolific 10% Potash FertiUzer (6)3 . Quinnipiao Corn Manure (2) . Quinnipiac Market Garden Manure (2)3 Quinnipiac Phosphate (3) .... Quinnipiac Potato Manure (2)3 Quinnipiac Potato Phosphate (2) Universal Phosphate (2) Williams & Clark Americus Corn Phosphate (6)3 Williams & Clark Americus High Grade Special for Potatoes & Vegetables (3) . Williams & Clark Americus Potato Manure (3)3 WilUams & Clark Potato Phosphate (2) Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty High Grade Market Gardeners Special 5-8-7 (2) Liberty Market Gardeners Special 4-8-4 (1) . Liberty 2-12-4 (1) Liberty 5-4-5 (1) Grade of Fertilizer S-4 S-3 S-4 9-2 3-10-6 4-8-6 5-8-7 7-3-7 5-8-7 2-8-2 3-9-2 5-8-7 4-8-7 6-6-4 4-6-10 5-4-5 2-8-2 1-8-2 4-8-4 4- 2- 3- 3- 6-6-4 4-8-7 4-6-10 3-8-4 3-10-6 5-4-5 4-8-7 4-8-4 3-10-3 2-8-3 6-6-4 0-12-2 8-6-6 2-8-3 4-8-7 2-8-2 ■ 4-8-4 4-8-4 3-8-4 2-8-2 4-8-4 3-12-3 4-8-7 5-8-7 5-10-5 6-6-4 7-8-3 4-8-7 2-8-10 2-8-2 4-8-7 3-9-2 3-8-4 2-8-3 1-8-2 2-8-2 4-8-7 2-8-3 3-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-4 2-12-4 6-4-5 Nitrogen Propor- tion Quality in Water of Soluble Insoluble Form Organic A Good A Passed A Good H Good H Good A Good A Passed ^ Good H Good A Good % Good Yz Good A Good % ■ Passed % Good % Good ^ Passed n Passed % Good •h Passed H Passed % Good % Good % Passed A Good % Passed % Passed % Passed ^ Good A Passed ^ Passed M Passed K Good M Good % Good % Good H Passed H Good H Good A Good A Passed % Passed H Good A Good H Good % Passed H Passed H Good K Good H Passed % Good H Passed % Passed M Passed H Passed H Good % Passed AU A Passed ft Passed Good Form of Potash Muriate Muriate Muriate Ys sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate rs sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ■nj sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ■Ys sulfate^ 1 Figures in parentheses following the brand name indicate the number of samples from which the com- posite sample finally analyzed was drawn. 2 The remainder muriate. 3 Two analy.ses made. * Nine analyses made. 6 Seven analyses made. « Three analyses made. 7 One other sample was deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage (pf $1 or more per ton." 18 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Nitrogen Propor- Grade of tion Quality Form of Name of Manufacturer and BranJ Fertilizer in Water Soluble Form of Insoluble Organic Potash Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 2-12-2 (2) 2-12-2 H Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 3-8-4 (7)' 3-8-4 Tt! Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 4-6-10 (5)3 4-6-10 H Good Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 4-8-4 (10) i 4-8-4 M Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 5-8-7 (7)' 5-8-7 M Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Onion Special 4-10-6 (1) 4-10-6 H Good Yh sulfate-' Armour's Big Crop Tobacco Special 5-4-5 (7)* . 5-4-5 k' Good Yi sulfate^ Armour's Corn Grower 2-8-2 (8) i ... 2-8-2 P Passed Muriate Armour's Fertilizer 2-8-3 (1) 2-8-3 73 Passed Muriate Atlantic Packing Co Atlantic Packing Co. 2-8-2 (1) .... 2-8-2 M Good Muriate Atlantic Packing Co. 3-8-4 (3) i 3-8-4 % Good Muriate Atlantic Packing Co. 4-6-10 (1) . . . . 4-6-10 H Passed Muriate Atlantic Packing Co. 4-8-4 (5) .... 4-8-4 M Good Muriate Atlantic Packing Co. 4-8-7 (1) .... 4-8-7 % Passed Muriate Atlantic Packing Co. 5-8-7 (3) » .... 5-8-7 M Good Muriate The Barrie Laboratories Barrie's Plant Food (1) 7,9-7.5-6.5 H Good Muriate Beach Soap Co. Beach's Advance (3) 3-9-1.75 H Good Muriate Beach's Corn & Vegetable (3) 2.5-9-0 % Good _ Beach's Market Garden (4) 4-8-3.75 A Passed Muriate Beach's Top Dressing (2) 5.75-9-5.75 H Good Muriate The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Berkshire Complete Fertilizer (2) . 3-8-3 K Passed Muriate Berkshire Complete Tobacco (4) . . . . 5-3-5 % Good Y% sulfate- Berkshire Economical Grass Fertilizer (1) 10-3-8 A Passed Muriate Berkshire Grass Special (3) 7-2-4 A Good Muriate Berkshire Long Island Special (2) . 5-8-7 w Good Muriate Berkshire Market Garden (9)' 4-8-4 % Good Muriate Berkshire Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (1) 2-8-4 Vi Good Muriate Berkshire Tobacco Special (5)i 7-3-5 V2 Good Yf, sulfate2 Bon Arbor Chemical Co. Bon Arbor Unsurpassed Soluble Plant Life (1) 19-4-4 All - Muriate Bowker Fertilizer Co. Bowker's AU Round Fertilizer (7)1 3-8-4 % Good Muriate Bowker's Ammoniated Food for Flowers (3) 3-6-2 All Muriate Bowker's Corn, Grain & Grass Phosphate (6)i 2-8-2 •h Passed Muriate Bowker's Hill & Drill Phosphate (5)1 . 3-9-2 H Passed Muriate Bowker's Market Garden Fertilizer (14)5 4-8-4 % Good Muriate Bowker's New England Cereal Fertilizer (1) 2-12-4 Ya. Good Muriate Bowker's New England Corn Fertilizer (2) . 3-10-6 Yh Passed Muriate Bowker's New England Top Dressing (3) 8-6-6 A Good Muriate Bowker's Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (6)' 2-8-3 ¥ Good Muriate Bowker's Sure Crop Phosphate (6)' 1-8-2 T(J Good Muriate Maryland Five Eight Seven (5)i . 5-8-7 ^ Good Muriate Maryland Four Eight Four (6)' 4-8-4 Y^ Passed Muriate Maryland Four Six Ten (1) 4-6-10 Yi Passed Muriate Maryland 3-12-3 (1) 3-12-3 All _ Muriate Stoekbridge Early Crop Manure (S)i 5-8-7 M Good Muriate Stockbridge Potato & Vegetable Manure (7)'' 4-6-10 ^ Passed Muriate Stoekbridge Tobacco Manure (1) . 5-4-5 A Good ■h sulfate^ Stockbridge Top Dressing & Forcing Manure (5) . 6-6-4 A Passed Muriate Stockbridge Truck Manure (4) .... 4-8-7 Yh Passed Muriate Stockbridge Valley Manure for Tobacco (5) . 7-3-7 Ya. Good J^ sulfate^ The Cando Co. Sterlingworth Plant Tablets (2) . . . . 7.3-4-3 All - A sulfate^ Chemical Agricultural Specialty Co. Emerson's General Purpose Fertilizer (1)^ 3-10-2 A Passed Muriate 2 The remainder muriate. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing 1 Two analyses made. s Five analyses made. Five other samples were deficient a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton." ■* Four analyses made. ^ Three analyses made. 6 1923 stock. ^ Three analysis made. Two other samples were deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton." 19 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Grade of Nitrogen Propor- Name of Manufacturer and Brand Fertilizer tion Quality Form of in Water of Potash Soluble Insoluble Form Organic The E. D. Chittenden Co. Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower (5)1 4-8-4 ■ft Passed T^ sulfate^ Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower (3) 4-8-6 A Passed ^ sulfate^ Chittenden's High Grade Tobacco (C) . 0,5-.3-7.5 a; Good Ya sulfates Chittenden's Potato Special (2) 4-8-4 ■^ Passed Muriate Chittenden's Potato Special 6% Potash (1) 4-8-6 A Passed Muriate Chittenden's Potato Special (1) 4-8-7 Y5 Good Muriate Chittenden's Special Top Dresser (1)3 . 8-6-6 A Passed Muriate Chittenden's Tobacco Special (5) .5-4-5 % Good H sulfates Chittenden's Vegetable & Onion Grower (3) 3-8-3 A Passed Muriate Clay & Son Clay's Fertilizer (2) . . .... 4.86-1. 12-. 08 H Good Muriate The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc Chesapeake Five Eight Seven (1) ... 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Country Club Golf & Lawn Fertilizer, Brand "A" (1) S-4-2 A Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Celebrated Special Potato Fertil- izer (3) 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Columbian Corn & Potato Fertil- izer (.5) 2-8-3 H Good Muriate E. Frank Coe's Connecticut Wrapper Grower (2) 5-4-5 A Good ^ sulfates E. Frank Coe's Gold Brand Excelsior Guano (;j) 3-8-4 H Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's New England Cereal Fertilizer (1) 2-12-4 % Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's New Englander Special (2) . 1-8-2 TS Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Potato & Truck Manure (1) 5-8-7 Vi Good Muriate E. Frank Coe's Red Brand Excelsior Guano (5) . 4-8-7 n Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Special Grass Top Dressing (4) . 6-6-4 ^ Good Muriate E. Frank Coe's Standard Potato Fertilizer (4) 4-6-10 Yh Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Tobacco Leaf Formula (2) . 7-3-7 M Good ■ft sulfates John C. Dow Co. Dow's Garden Fertilizer (I) 4.5-10-4 ^ Passed Muriate Earp-Thontas Cultures Corp Stim-U-plant (4) 13.37-11.71-15 All - Muriate Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States Formula A* (1) 7-2-7 Yz Good Yi sulfates Eastern States Formula B* (1) 6.25-3-5 M Good Yi sulfates Eastern States Formula C* (4) 6-3-5 Y. Good Ya. sulfates Eastern States 3-12-3 No-Filler (6) 3-12-3 M Good Muriate Eastern States 4-8-4 (5)1 . 4-8-4 Ya Passed Muriate Eastern States 5-8-7 No-Filler (5)3 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate Eastern States 5-10-5 No-Filler (7) 5-10-5 Yi Good Muriate Eastern States 7-8-3 No-Filler (2)6 7-8-3 Yi Good Muriate Essex Fertilizer Co. Essex Fish Fertilizer for all Crops 3-8-4 (6) . 3-8-4 A Passed Muriate Essex Market Garden, for Potatoes, Roots and Veg- etables 4-8-4 (7)1 4-8-4 A Good Muriate Essex Potato Phosphate 4-8-7 for Potatoes and Vegetables (1) 4-8-7 Yi Good Muriate Essex Special 'Tobacco 5-4-5 (2) . . . . 5-4-5 % Good M sulfates Essex Top Dressing 7-5-2 (2) i .... 7-5-2 All - Muriate Essex 2-8-2 for Farm and Garden (5) . 2-8-2 ^5 Good Muriate Essex 2-8-3 for All Crops (3) 2-8-3 Yi Good Muriate Essex 3-6-10 for Corn, Potatoes & Vegetables (3) . 3-6-10 M Good Muriate Essex 4-6-10 for Potatoes & Vegetables (3) . 4-6-10 M Good Muriate E.ssex 5-8-7 for Potatoes & Vegetables (4) . 5-8-7 M Good Muriate The Excell Laboratories Zenkes "New Plant Life" (Liquid) (2) . 1.7-1. 07-. 54 All - Sulfate iTwo analyses made. sxhe remainder muriate. 3 Two other samples were deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per "Ton." ■* Manufactured in Baltimore and shipped by mistake under 1923 tags, which were printed with the following guarantees: Formula A, nitrogen 6%, available phosphoric acid 2%, potash 7.6%; Formula B, nitrogen 5.43%, available phosphoric acid 3.5%,, potash 5%; Formula C, nitrogen 5.35%, available phos- phoric acid 3%, potash 5.5%. As soon as their attention was called to the fact, the Eastern States Farmers' Exchange sent a separate letter to each purchaser of the three grades, explaining the error. 5 Two analyses made. One other sample was deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton." 20 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand The L. T. Frisbie Co. Frisbie's Corn & Grain 2-8-2 (1) . Frisbie's Market Garden 4-8-6 (1) ... Frisbie's Special 3-8-4 (1) Frisbie's Special Vegetable and Potato Grower 4-8-4 (1) Frisbie's Tobacco Grower 5-4-5 (2)' Frisbie's 5-8-7 (1) John Glennie Complete Fertilizer (2)3 Thos. Hersom & Co. Neverfail (3) A. W. Higgins, Inc. 4-14 Base Mixture (3)i . Old Deerfield 3-10-6 (2) . Old Deerfield 4-8-4 (2) . . . . Old Deerfield 5-5-5 Lawn & Shrub (1) . Old Deerfield 5-8-7 (3) . . . . Old Deerfield 6-4-6 Tobacco (2) . Old Deerfield 6-8-7 (2) . . . . Old Deerfield 6-10-10 C-S Supplement (1) Old Deerfield 7-6-6 Tobacco (2) . Old Deerfield 8-6-6 Grass Fertilizer (1)* Open Formula 4-8-4 (3) . Open Formula 5-8-7 (4) . Dexter E. Horton Horton's 3-8-4 (1) Horton's 4-6-10 (1) Horton's 4-8-4 (1) Horton's 5-8-7 (1) International Agricultural Corp. Buffalo Crop Grower (7) . Buffalo Economy (2) ... Buffalo General Favorite (2) Buffalo High Grade Manure (6) Buffalo High Grade Manure (1)5 . Buffalo Ideal (5)» ... Buffalo Ideal (1)5 .... Buffalo New England Special (3) Buffalo New England Special (1)* . Buffalo Onion, Vegetable & Potato (3) Buffalo Phosphate & Potash (2) Buffalo Tobacco Producer (2) . Buffalo Top Dresser & Starter (2)^ . I. A. C. Connecticut Valley Special (3) I. A. C. Early Harvest (1) I. A. C. Onion, Vegetable & Potato (1) I. A. C. Supreme (1) . International Double-Strength (8-12-20) (4)' International Double-Strength (8-16-8) (2)' Osceola (3-10-4) (1) Osceola (4-8-4) (3) Osceola (5-8-7) (3) Henry James & Son, Inc. 2-8-3 (1) 4-8-4 (2) . . . 5-8-7 (3)1 . Lowell Fertilizer Co. Lowell Animal Brand. aU crops 3-8-4 (6)i A high-grade manure for Grade of Fertilizer 2-8-2 4-8-6 3-8-4 4-8-4 5-4-5 5-8-7 4 . 86-8-4 4 . 86-8-5 4-14-0 3-10-6 4-8-4 6-5-5 5-8-7 6-4-6 6-8-7 6-10-10 7-6-6 8-6-6 4-8-4 5-8-7 3-8-4 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-7 5-8-7 2-8-2 3-10-4 4-6-10 4-6-10 4-8-4 2-8-4 2-12-4 2-10-4 3-8-8 0-12-6 .5-5-5.5 7-6-5 7-6-5 2-12-4 3-8-8 .5-8-7 8-12-20 8-16-8 3-10-4 4-8-4 5-8-7 2-8-3 4-8-4 5-8-7 3-8-4 Nitrogen Propor- tion Quality in Water of Soluble Insoluble Form Organic M Good M Good H Good % Good y^ Good % Passed H Good ¥i Good A Passed ft Passed ft Good M Good H Good Yz Good Vz Good Yi Good Yf, Good ft Inferior ft Good Yf, Good ft Good ?4 Good M Good ^ Good M Passed ft Good ?4 Good M Good Yz Good M Good ft Passed ft Passed Yi Passed Yi Good K Good ft Good Yz Good ft Passed ft Good % Good ft Good ft Passed ft Good Yi Good H Good ft Passed H Good H Good Yz Good Form of Potash Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ft sulf ate^ Sluriate Muriate Yb sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Y^ sulfate^ Muriate ft sulfate^ Yb sulfate^ ft sulfate^ Yb sulfate^ ft sulfate^ ft sulfate^ Yh sulfate^ ft sulf ate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate 1 Two analyses made. 2 xhe remainder muriate. 3 Two analyses made. Three other samples were deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton." ♦One other sample was deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton." 5 1923 stock. « 1922 stock. ^Two analyses made. One other sample was deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or more per Ton." 21 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand Lowell Fertilizer Co. — Continued Lowell Animal Brand. A high-grade manure for all crops 3-8-4 (2)3 Lowell Bone Fertilizer for Corn, Grain and Vege- tables 2-8-2 (G) 1 Lowell Lawn and Garden Dressing 4-7-2 (3) Lowell Potato Phosphate for Potatoes and Vege- tables 4-8-7 (3) Lowell Tobacco 5-4-5 for Tobacco, Fruits and Vines (1) Lowell Top Dressing 7-5-2 (3) i Lowell 2-8-3 for Vegetables & Grain (2) Lowell 3-6-10 for Corn, Potatoes & Vegetables (6) Lowell 4-6-10 for Potatoes & Vegetables (5) ' Lowell 4-8-4 for Potatoes, Corn & Vegetables (13) i Lowell 5-8-7 for Potatoes & Vegetables (1) . The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Mapes Connecticut Valley Special (3) Mapes Corn Manure (5) Mapes General Tobacco Manure (3) Mapes General Truck Manure (2) . Mapes General LTse Manure (2) . . . Mapes Onion Manure (1) Mapes Potato Manure (4) .... Mapes Tobacco Ash Constituents (1) Mapes Tobacco Manure, Wrapper Brand (2) Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved (2) Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved Special (3) Mapes Top Dresser (3) A. G. Markham & Co. 2-8-3 (1) . . . 4-6-10 (1) . 4-8-4 (3) . . . 5-4-5 (2) . . . 5-8-7 (1) . . . William N. McCrillis Nature's Plant Food (1) Mitchell Fertilizer Co. Mitchell's Special Fertilizer (1) J. J. Moreau & Son Talfa (1) The National Fertilizer Co. National Anmioniated Bone Phosphate (1) National Aroostook Special Fertilizer (1) National Complete Grass Fertilizer (3) . National Excelsior Potato Fertilizer (1) National Market Garden Fertilizer (2) . National Pine Tree State Potato Fertilizer (; National Premier Potato Manure (5) National Tobacco Special (8) . National White Ash Tobacco Grower (3) National XXX Fish & Potash (2) New England Fertilizer Co. New England Corn Phosphate, for Grain and Vege- tables 2-8-2 (1) New England Potato Phosphate 4-8-7 for Potatoes and Vegetables (1) . . . . . . . New England Superphosphate. A High-Grade Fertilizer for all Crops 3-8-4 (4)i . New England 2-8-3 for Vegetables & Grain (1) New England 3-6-10 for Corn, Potatoes & Vege- tables (1) New England 4-6-10 for Potatoes & Vegetables (1) New England 4-8-4 for Potatoes, Vegetables and Grass (U New England 5-8-7 for Potatoes & Market Gar- dens (1) Grade of Fertilizer 3-8-4 2-8-2 4-7-2 4-8-7 5-4-5 7-5-2 2-8-3 3-6-10 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-7 6-4-7 3-8-3 5-4-5 5-6-5 3-6-4 4-6-4 4-7-5 1-4-15 . 5-2-10 . 5 5-6-1 5-6-3 10-4-2 2-8-3 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-4-5 5-8-7 1.22-3-2 1 . 22-3-3 2-8-2 5-8-7 6-6-4 4-6-10 3-8-4 4-8-4 4-8-7 5-4-5 7-3-7 3-10-3 2-8-2 4-8-7 3-8-4 2-8-3 3-6-10 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-7 Nitrogen Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form All All All Quality of Insoluble Organic Passed Good Passed Good Good Passed Passed Good Good Good Good Passed Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Pas.sed Good Clood Good Passed Good Passed Passed Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Form of Potash Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ■ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ftr sulfate^ Muriate fti sulfate Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate Sulfate ft sulfate^ '^/i, sulfate^ ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ^ sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ ■ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate 1 Two analyses made. 2 The remainder muriate. 3 1923 stock. 22 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand Nitrate Agencies Co. NACO Brand Peruvian Guano (3)' NACO Brand * 14 Peruvian Guano Mixture (1) . NACO Brand )il24 Peruvian Guano Mixture (1) . Olds & Whipple, Inc. O & W Complete Corn, Potato & Onion Fertilizer (2) O &, W Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (6) O & W Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (1)3 O & W Fish & Potash (1) .... O & W High-Grade Potato Fertilizer (1) O & W High-Grade Starter & Potash Compound (3)1 O & W High Grade Tobacco Starter (1) O & W Tobacco Fertilizer, Blue Label Brand (1) O & W Top Dressing for Grass (1) Oyama Products Co. Oyama Plant Food (2) Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. "P & P" Plvmouth Rock Brand for all crops 3-8-4 (7)' "P & P" Potato Phosphate 4-8-7 for Potatoes and Vegetables (4) "P & P" Top Dressing 7-5-2 (1) . "P & P" 2-8-3 for Corn, Fruits & Vegetables (1) "P & P" 3-6-10 for Corn, Potatoes & Vegetables (3)1 "P & P" 4-6-10 for Potatoes & Vegetables (2) "P & P" 4-8-4 for Potatoes, Corn and Vegetables (4)' "P & P" 5-8-7 for Potatoes and Market Gardens (2)1 Pawtucket Rendering Co. Pawtucket 5-8-5 (1) Potato 4-8-4 (2) Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. E.vcliange Brand 4-8-4 (2) Exchange Brand 4-10-0 (1) Exchange Brand 5-8-5 (1) Exchange Brand 5-8-7 (1) The Rogers & Hubbard Co. Hubbard's "Bone Base" Fertilizer for Oats and Top Dressing (9) Hubbard's "Bone Base" Fertilizer for Seeding Down (1) Hubbard's "Bone Base" Soluble Corn & General Crops Manure (8) Hubbard's "Bone Base" Soluble Potato Manure (5) Hubbard's "Bone Base" Soluble Tobacco Manure (2) Rogers & Hubbard's All Soils-All Crops Fertilizer (4) Rogers & Hubbard's All Soils-All Crops Fertilizer (1)3 Roger.s & Hubbard's Climax Tobacco Brand (1) . Rogers & Hubbard's Corn and Grain Fertilizer (3) Rogers & Hubbard's High Potash Fertilizer (3) Rogers & Hubbard's Potato Fertilizer (3) Rogers & Hubbard's Tobacco Grower, Vegetable Formula (3) 4-8-4 Fertihzer (1) . . . . 3^ Climax, 34 Soluble Potato Manure (1) 34 Climax, J4 Soluble Tobacco Manure (1) . 34 Grower, 3^ Soluble Tobacco Manure (1) . Grade of Fertilizer 12-10-2.5 4.96-9.9-8.65 6.5-8.67-8.67 4-8-4 5-3-5 5-3-5 3-6-5 5-8-7 5-4-15 10-3-0 6-3-6 7-4-0 20.67-17.35- 24.52 4-8-7 7-5-2 2-8-3 3-6-10 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-7 5-8-5 4-8-4 4-8-4 4-10-0 5-8-5 5-8-7 10-3-8 3-5-6 3-8-6 6-8-5 6-8-10 4-10-4 4-8-4 5-4-4 1-10-3 3-8-10 2-10-4 6-4-4 4-8-4 5.5-6-4.5 5.5-6-7 6-6-7 Nitrogen Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form All Quality of Insoluble Organic Good (!ood Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good 1^ Passed H All Good Good Good Good H Good H Good Good Good Passed Good Passed Good All Good Good Good Good Good Passed Good Passed Passed Passed Vi Good Good Good Good H Good * Two analyses made. 2 The remainder muriate. 3 1923 stock. 23 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Concluded. Name of Manufacturer and Brand Ross Bros. Co. Ross Bros. Co. High Grade Potato and Oniou 4-S-4 (1) Rosa Bros. Co. Home Garden 2-8-0 (1) Ross Bros. Co. Lawn Grass Top Dressing 3 J 2-8-3 (3) Ross Bros. Co. Market Qardcn 5-8-7 (1) F. S. Royster Guano Co. Royster's Bully Guano (2) ... Royster's Quality Trucker (4) . Royster's Spearhead Guano (1) R.oystcr's Top Dresser (1) Royster's Trucker's Delight (2) Royster's Valley Tobacco Formula (4) . Royster's Verbina Guano (1) . Royster's Wrapper Brand (4) . Sanderson Fertilizer and Chemical Co. Sanderson's Atlantic Coast Bone, Fish & Potash (4) Sanderson's Complete Tobacco Grower (4) Sanderson's Corn Superphosphate (1) Sanderson's Formula A (3) Sanderson's Formula B (2) Sanderson's Havana Leaf Grower (1) Sanderson's Potato Manure (2) Sanderson's Top Dressing for Grass & Grain (1) M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. "Swift Sure" Crop Grower (3) .... "Swift-Sure" Potato Special (1) . . . . "Swift-Sure" Tobacco and General Use (1) . "Swift-Sure" Tobacco Starter (1) ... Springfield Rendering Co. Springfield Animal Brand 3-8-4 (2) ... Springfield Market Garden Grower & Top Dressing 5-8-7 (2) Springfield Special Potato, Onion & Vegetable 4-8-4 (2) Springfield Tobacco Special 5-4-5 (1) . Springfield 2-8-3 (2) Springfield 4-8-6 (1) Standard Agricultural Chemical Corp. Prepared Alphano Humus (1) .... Super-Alphano (1) Henry J. Taubert Ferti-Flora (4) William Thomson & Sons Ltd. Thomson's Special Topdressing Manure (1) . Thomson's Special Topdressing Manure (1) . Thomson's Vine, Plant & Vegetable Manure (1) . Vitogro Chemical Co. Vitogro 4-7-2 for flowers, shrubs, vegetables and grass (6)1 Vitogro 4-8-4 for vegetables (2) . . . . Vitogro 7-5-2 for Lawns & Grass (1) . C. P. Washburn Co. "Made Right" Market Garden (4) ... "Made Right" Potato (3) The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Wilcox Corn Special (2) . Wilcox Fish & Potash (2) . Wilcox Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (1) Wilcox Tobacco Special (1) Wilcox 4-8-4 FertiUzer (3) . . . Wilcox 5-8-4 (1) Wilcox 5-8-7 Fertihzer (2) . . . Wilcox 5-10-5 Fertilizer (1) . Worcester Rendering Co. Prosperity Brand Complete Dressing (2) Prosperity Brand Corn & Grain Fertilizer (3) Prosperity Brand Market Garden Fertilizer (4) . Prosperity Brand Potato & Vegetable Fertilizer (5) Grade of Fertilizer 4-8-4 2-8-0 3 . 5-8-3 5-8-7 2-8-5 4-8-7 3-8-4 7-6-5 4-8-4 5-4-5 5-8-5 7-3-7 2-8-3 5-4-5 2-8-2 4-8-4 4-8-6 7-3-7 3-8-4 6-6-4 4-8-4 5-8-7 3-10-3 4-10-0 3-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-4 5-4-5 2-8-3 4-S-6 1.5-.5-.5 5-7-4 3.95-32^-3.3 5.17-7-1.5 3-7-3 3-7-4 4-7-2 4-8-4 7-5-2 5-8-6 . 86 4-8-3.92 3-10-4 3-8-3 4-8-6 5-4-5 4-8-4 5-8-4 5-8-7 5-10-5 6-6-3 2-8-2 5-8-7 4-8-4 Nitrogen Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form A K All All All All A Quality of Insoluble Organic Passed Good Passed Good Passed Passed Passed Good Good Good Good Good Passed Good Good Good Good Good Good Passed Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Inferior Inferior Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Passed Good Good Form of Potash Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate •ft sulfate^ Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate y^ sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Sulfate ft sulfate-' Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ft sulfate^ Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate 1 Two analyses made. 2 The remainder muriate. 24 CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS Summary of Results of the Inspection of Chemicals and Raw Products m m V a) o o < _ -O-TJ Material -2 "ft B CIS _>> "3 a < 03 e o s ° £ o u « s ai c3 O C3 OJ.'S r1 '^ '4 Si 3 p -< 2^1 OJ o £ < 4^ Nitrate of soda 72 26 15.40 _ _ _ $59 98 $56 79 19.1 (nitrogen) Sulfate of ammonia 16 12 20.62 - - - 79 70 76 53 19.3 (nitrogen) Dried blood 4 2 10.17 6.65 - - 71 18 76 65 35.0 (nitrogen) Cottonseed meal 45 45 6.75 2.93 - 1.96 49 38 51 58 36.6 (nitrogen) 1 Rapeseed meal . 2 2 4.68 2.14 - 1.04 34 14 35 83 36.4 (nitrogen) 1 Castor pomace . 8 8 4.63 2.04 - 1.09 32 11 35 96 34.7 (nitrogen) I Acid phosphate 82 28 - 18.25 17.14 - 17 40 24 04 5.1 (available phosphoric acid) Precipitated bone 2 2 ~ 40.03 39.42 ~ 52 00 39 81 6.6 (available phosphoric acid) Basic slag phosphate 1 1 - 14.85 13.81 - 30 00 14 23 10.8 (available phosphoric acid) Sulfate of potash 12 9 - - - 50.29 56 26 54 53 5.6 (potash) Sulfate of potash-magnesia 3 3 - - - 28.04 33 93 31 19 6.1 (potash) Muriate of potash . 31 13 - — - 51.37 40 64 41 43 4.04 (potash) Kainit .... 2 2 - — - 14.23 15 50 11 20 5.4 (potash) Nitrapo .... 1 1 14.32 - - 15.70 73 50 70 25 -2 Dry ground fish 44 30 8.36 7.64 5.35 — 69 54 65 74 37.0 (nitrogen) Tankage^ 36 22 7.67 11.61 - - 52 67 51 34 27.6 (nitrogen) Ground bone* . 65 30 2.90 25.86 - — 52 33 40 47 - Wood ashes^ 10 10 - 1.77 — 4.30 26 25 5 766 _ Pulverized sheep manure 50 16 1.75 1.32 — 2.77 49 82 11 80 - Pulverized cattle manure 3 1 2.27 1.07 — 1.69 43 33 13 11 — Pulverized poultry manure 6 2 4.83 3.24 - 1.47 56 75 27 00 - * The average commercial valuation of the phosphoric acid and potash in a ton of cottonseed meal according to 1924 fertilizer valuations, is about S3. 91 ; in rapeseed meal about .12.54; and in castor pomace about $2.50. These values were not included in computing commercial valuations nor in calculating the cost of nitrogen. 2 .\llowing 19.1 cents as the value of a pound of nitrogen, the potash costs 6 cents per pound. 3 Average tankage finer than Ho inch diameter, 46.30 per cent; coarser than }4o inch, 53.70 per cent. * Average bone finer than Ho inch diameter, 65.24 per cent; coarser than }io inch, 34.76 per cent. 5 Average of the ten analyses showed 5.44 per cent of acid soluble potash, 14.68 per cent of water, and 14.75 per cent of insoluble earthy matter. * These figures are based on the potash and phosphoric acid and do not include the commercial value of the lime and magnesia, which in a ton of average wood ashes would amount to $2.50 to $3.50. Nitrogen Compounds. The tables immediately following give the analyses of chemicals and crude stock materials valued chiefly for their nitrogen. When more than one analy- sis was made of the same brand, an average has been given. Brands showing a commercial shortage of $1.00 or over per ton are included in a table by them- selves and the deficiencies are represented by boldface type. Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Manufacturer The American Agricultural Cheniical Co Apothecaries Hall Co. . Armour FertiUzer Works The Barrett Co Beach Soap Co The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Bowker Fertilizer Co. . Consohdated Rendering Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. Lowell Fertilizer Co. Merrimac Chemical Co. Middlesex County Farm Bureau New England Fuel and Transportation Co Nitrate Agencies Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Providence Farmers Exchange, Inc. Ross Bros. Co F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. . C. P. Washburn Co. . . . The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Nitrate of Soda Number of Samples 22 5 1 1 .5 21 6 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 I 1 Nitrogen Found Guaran- teed 15.38 15.20 14.84 15.24 15.82 15.38 15.46 14.90 15.46 15.86 15.34 15.68 15.72 15.02 16.08 15.40 15.16 15.18 15.78 15.66 15.26 15.88 15.00 14.80 14.81 15.00 14.80 15.00 15.22 14.80 15.00 15.00 15.22 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 14.81 15.00 15.00 15.00 14.80 14.60 15.00 Sulfate of Ammonia Number of Samples 62 Nitrogen Found Guaran- teed 20.88 20.79 20.56 20.82 20.66 20.78 20.56 20.72 20.10 20.56 20.75 20.50 20.55 20.57 20.00 20.56 20.56 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. John C. Dow Co. 15.44 16.47 1 Three analyses made. 2 Two analyses made. 3 About the average percentage of nitrogen was found present in this sample. The nitrogen guarantee is unusually high, describing a product 100 per cent pure nitrate of soda. A letter from the company states that the correct guarantee should be 15 per cent nitrogen and that a mistake was made in giving 16.47 per cent as the minimum nitrogen guarantee. The product showed a commercial shortage of S3. 81 per ton on the basis of the higher guarantee, but was well above 15 per cent. Dried Blood. Number of Samples Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Manufacturer Found Guaranteed Found Consohdated Rendering Co. Lowell Fertihzer Co 1 3 10.38 10.10 9.84 9.87 6.58 6.68 26 Cottonseed Meal, Castor Pomace and Rapeseed Meal. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Number of Samples Nitrogen Manufacturer Material Found Guaran- teed Armour Fertilizer Works The Baker Castor Oil Co. The Berkshire FertiUzer Co. . The E. D. Chittenden Co. . A. W. Higgins, Inc. . . | f Humphreys-Godwin Co. Geo. B. Robinson, Jr. Armour's 8% Cottonseed Meal Pure Castor Pomace Berkshire Castor Pomace Castor Pomace Brown Cottonseed Meal Old Deerfield Rapeseed Meal Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal Dark Cottonseed Meal . Dark Cottonseed Meal . 2 2 5 1 5 21 12 1 4 2 4 6.58 4.68 4.56 4.89 6.97 4.68 6.99 5.80 6.68 6.61 7.14 6.58 4.52 4.50 4.52 6.88 4.93 6.88 5.75 6.58 6.58 6.88 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. A. W. Higgins, Inc. . Humphreys-Godwin Co. Geo. B. Robinson, Jr. Southland Cotton Oil Co. Brown Cottonseed Meal Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal Dark Cottonseed Meal Dark Cottonseed Meal . Climax Brand Cottonseed Meal 6.48 6.52 6.34 6.23 6.66 6.62 6.88 6.88 6.58 6.58 6.88 1 Sold on the unit basis. 2 One sample collected at Whately had a commercial valuation of $49.17 and showed ^ commercial short- age of $3.12 per ton; one collected at S. Deerfield had a commercial valuation of $51.15 and a commer- cial shortage of $1.14; and another collected at Conway had a commercial valuation of $47.42 and a commercial shortage of $4.79 per ton. 3 Eight samples showed commercial deficiencies of over $1 per ton. The place of sampling, commercial valuations and commercial shortages are as follows: Amherst, $50.46, $1.72; Northampton, $50.54, $1.45; Hatfield, $49.40, $2.45; Westfield, $51.00, $1.09; Hatfield, $50.16, $1.80; S. Deerfield, $47.88, $3.74; Easthampton, $49.40, $2.45; Amherst, $47.42, $4.12. •• Collected at S. Deerfield. Commercial valuation $48.18, commercial shortage $1.55 per ton. 5 Collected at S. Deerfield, commercial valuation $47.35, commercial shortage $2.25 per ton. ^Collected at Westfield, commercial valuation $50.62, commercial shortage $1.42 per ton. 7 Collected at S. Deerfield, commercial valuation $50.31; commercial shortage $1.67 per ton. Note. — Analysis was made of each sample, which in all instances represented a carload. Averages are given in all cases where more than one sample was analyzed. Proper rebates were allowed for deficiencies. Phosphoric Acid Compounds. The analyses of those products valued chiefly for their phosphoric acid are found in the following table. In addition to the figures given, tests were made in all cases for moisture and for soluble and insoluble phosphoric acid. The latter may be easily calculated from the table, as it represents the differ- ence between the total and available. Phosphoric Acid Compounds. Manufacturer The American Agricultural f Chemical Co. . . . \ Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Brand High Grade Acid Phosphate Patapsco 16% Acid Phosphate . Acid Phosphate . . . . Armour's Big Crop Acid Phos- phate Beach's Acid Phosphate . Acid Phosphate .... Precipitated Bone Phosphate . Num- ber of Sam- ples 81 111 1 Total Phos- phoric Acid 18.06 18.31 18.46 18.31 19.90 18.39 40.42 Available Phosphoric Acid Found 17.01 16.56 17.18 16.75 19.26 18.34 39.71 Guar- anteed 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 38.00 1 Two analyses made. 27 Phosphoric Acid Compounds — Concluded. Manufacturer Bowker Fertilizer Co. . . ■ Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. . The Coe-Mortimer Co. . Consolidated Rendering Co. . Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. Middlesex County Farm Bureau . Nitrate Agencies Co. Providence Farmers Exchange, Inc. The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Ross Bros. Co. .... F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co C. P. Washburn Co. . . . The Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Brand Bowker's 16% Acid Phosphate Maryland 16% Acid Phosphate British Basic Slag E. Frank Coe's 16% Superphos- phate Acid Phosphate .... Eastern States Acid Phosphate Old Deerfield 16% Acid Phos- phate Old Deerfield Precipitated Bone Buffalo Sixteen Percent Osceola Sixteen Percent Acid Phosphate 16% . NACO Brand Acid Phosphate . Exchange Brand Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate .... Acid Phosphate 16% . Royster's 16% Acid Phosphate Sanderson's Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate .... Wilcox Acid Phosphate Num- Total ber of Phos- Sam- phoric ples Acid 5 18.75 1 17.99 1 14.85 1 18.50 181 18.52 7 18.16 2 18.09 1 39.64 8 17.. 53 1 17.42 1 18.47 21 17.28 2 17.40 1 18.90 1 17.91 2 18.96 1 17.48 1 18.14 1 19.29 Available Phosphoric Acid Found 17.40 16.92 13.81 17.22 17.48 17.14 17.45 39.13 16.46 16.35 18.14 17.21 16.20 18.90 17.14 17.28 17.00 18.14 19.09 Guar- anteed 16.00 16.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 38.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 1 Two analyses made. Potash Compounds. The analyses of those chemicals valued chiefly for their potash are shown in the two tables following. Muriate and High-grade Sulfate. Manufacturer The American Agricultural Chemica Armour Fertilizer Works . Apothecaries Hall Co. Beach Soap Co. .... The Berkshire Fertihzer Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. Middlesex County Farm Bureau Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. Providence Farmers' Exchange, Inc. Ross Bros. Co F. S. Royster Guano Co. . Co Muriate of Potash Number of Samples Potash Found 51.59 51.88 51.60 50.44 51.76 52.08 52.16 48.04 51.68 52.48 48.24 50.40 51.08 Guaran- teed 48.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 48.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 48.00 High-grade Sulfate of Potash Number of Samples Potash Found 50.04 48.80 49.72 51.19 50.52 48.92 51.32 Guaran- teed 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 4S! 00 48.00 48.00 Three analyses made. 28 Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia, Kainit and "Nitrapo." Material Number of Samples Potash Manufacturer Found Guaran- teed The American Agricultural Chemi- / cal Co 1 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc Nitrate Agencies Co Kainit Kainit Double Manure Salts Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia Nitrapo 1 1 1 21 1 13.92 14.44 27.60 28.26 15.702 12.40 14.00 26.00 26.00 15.00 * Two analyses made. 2 Nitrogen found, 14.32 per cent; guaranteed, 14.80 per cent. The presence of chlorine in sulfate of potash is of particular interest in that it may, in a measure, account for at least a part of the chlorine often found in brands of fertilizer for tobacco^ and other crops where sulfate of potash is supposed to be the source of the potash guaranteed. The average of nine analyses of high-grade sulfate gave 2.13 per cent chlorine, or expressed in another way, 2.83 per cent of actual potash (KoO) was present as chloride. The chlorine varied considerably in the different samples, ranging from .70 to 3.04 per cent. The three samples of sulfate of potash-magnesia showed an average chlorine content of 1.71 per cent. The average percentage of magnesium oxide present in this salt was 11.81, equivalent to 35.26 per cent magnesium sulfate. (To change magnesium oxide to magnesium sulfate, multiply by factor 2.9859.) At a recent meeting of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, the Committee on Definition of Terms and Interpretation of Results on Fertilizers recommended for final adoption the following definitions as applied to potash salts. They are given here as a matter of record and interest: "Manure salts shall be understood to mean potash salts containing high percentages of chloride and from 20 to 30 per cent of potash (K2O). The term 'double manure salts' should be discontinued. "Sulphate of potash-magnesia is a potash salt containing not less than 25 per cent of potash (K2O), nor less than 25 per cent sulphate of mag- nesia, and not more than 2.5 per cent chlorine." ' See page 13, "Percentage, Character and Cost of Plant Food." Raw Products supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. Dry Ground Fish. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Manufacturer The American Agricultural Chemical Co. . Apothecaries Hall Co Armour Fertilizer Works . . . . \ The Berkshire Fertilizer Co The E. D. Chittenden Co A. W. Higgins, Inc Nitrate Agencies Co Olds & Whipple, Inc Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co. . The Wilcox Fertilizer Co Number of Samples Nitrogen Found 8.37 9.15 9.51 8.59 8.14 8.61 8.92 8.69 8.45 8.43 8.84 Guaran- teed 8.23 8.23 9.05 8.22 8.22 8.22 9.05 8.23 8.23 8.23 9.04 Phosphoric Acid Found 9.82 7.32 5.72 8.65 7.43 7.34 7.31 5.23 7.14 9.62 7.32 Guaran- teed 6.00 5.50 6.86 4.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 4.58 5.00 6.00 6.00 1 Three analyses made 2 Two analyses made. 3 1923 stock. * Four analyses made. 29 Raw Products Supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. — Concluded. Dry Ground Fish. — Concluded. Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. Manufacturer The E. D. Chittenden Co. The L. T. Frisbie Co. . F. S. Royster Guano Co. Number of Samples Nitrogen Found 7.79 7.55 7.66 Guaran- teed .22 .22 .23 Phosphoric Acid Found Guaran- teed 6.00 6.40 5.00 5 The place of collection, commercial shortaee and commercial valuation of the three samples are as fol- lows: S. Deerfield, .11.20, $60.80; Amherst, $3.91, $56.78; N. Hatfield, $2.47, $58.22. Two other samples met the guarantee. 6 Commercial shortage, $2.53; commercial valuation $58.60. ^ The place of collection, commercial shortage and commercial valuation of the five samples are as fol- lows: Hillsboro, $1.62, $58.74; Sunderland, $2.65, $57.71; Amherst, $2.24. $58.19; Hadley, $1.62, $58.81; and Whately, $4.08, $56.28. Ground Bone and Tankage. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Manufacturer The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. . Armour Fertilizer Works Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertihzer Co. Bowker Fertihzer Co. Butchers' Rendering Co. Consohdated Rendering Co. John C. Dow Co. . . I Eastern States Farmers' Ex- change Thos. Hersom & Co. . | A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural / Corp \ Henry James & Son, Inc. Brand Farquhar's Fine Ground bone Special Ground Bone 6% Ground Tankage 9% Ground Tankage Tankage 9!^^% Ammonia Bone Meal Raw Bone Meal Ground Tankage Beach's Fertihzer Bone . Berkshire Fine Ground Bone Bowker's Special Ground Bone Ground Bone . Ground Tankage Ground Bone . Ground Bone . Tankage . Ground Tankage Ground Tankage Tankage . Dow's Pure Ground Bone Dow's Ground Tankage Ground Animal Tankage Bone Meal Meat and Bone 11% Ground Tankage Bone Meal Animal Tankage Ground Bone . Num- ber of Samples 1 61 2 1 1 51 1 2 2 21 2' 2 1 71 31 2 1 121 1 81 1 12 1 2 1 3 23 1 Grade 2.50-22.88 2.50-22.88 6.00-13.73 9.00- 9.15 9.50- 3.00 3.00-22.00 4.50-21.50 9.00- 6,86 2.75-20.00 2.00-25.00 2.50-22.88 3.00-20.00 5.00-14.00 2.50-26.00 3.00-24.00 6.00-14.00 8.50-10.00 13.00- 5.50 9.00- 9.15 2.43-24.00 6.00-14.00 7.00- 6.86 2.43-24.00 4.86-16.00 11.00- 5.00 3.00-22.00 6.00-11.44 2.50-26.00 Degree of Fineness Finer than Ho Inch Per Cent 52.83 66.79 48.25 49.12 67.90 60.00 55.21 .53.15 60.74 58 . 29 64.68 81.10 55.99 58.38 65.41 53.70 28.84 40.68 40.. 50 72.92 60.38 59.99 64.51 65.82 27.79 63.79 39.57 61.59 Coarser than Vso Inch Per Cent 47.17 33.21 51.75 50.88 32.10 40.00 44.79 46 . 85 39.26 41.71 35.32 18.90 44.01 41.62 34.. 59 46.30 71.16 59.32 59.50 27.19 39.62 40.01 35.49 34.18 72.21 36.21 60.43 38.41 1 Two analyses made. 2 The product was seriously out of balance, although it showed no commercial shortage. It was sold under a guarantee of 7 per cent ammonia (5.75 per cent nitrogen) and 6.86 per cent phosphoric acid, a product usually known as a 7-15 tankage. It proved to be a mixture of bone and tankage testing 4.43 per cent nitrogen and 19.98 per cent phosphoric acid. The degree of fineness was very unsatisfactory; 20 per cent would not pass through a 2 m.m. sieve, and 37 per cent would not pass a 1 m.m. sieve. 3 The phosphoric acid was guaranteed 25 per cent, which the manufacturers claim was an error in printing. This undoubtedly is true, as 6 per cent ammonia and 25 per cent bone phosphate of lime (11.44 per cent phosphoric acid) represent a common grade of animal tankage. Ground Bone and Tankage, -('oiu-liidcd. HiMiul.s Snl).slinili;illv Mcoliiii' Tlioir (iiuiruntor.s. — Concluded. Deureo of Fineness Num- Mniuif.'irt iiicr Uraiul ber of Grade Finer than Samples Coarser than 's» Inch ^50 Inch Per Cent 68.10 Per Cent Tlic Geo. K. Miirsh Co. Kertili«or Hone 4 2.00-22.89 31.90 Svlvtvstor A. McGovcru . Andovor Animal l'"ertili«or . 1 4.8ti-12.00 42.28 57.72 .Middlo.sox County Kivnn Kuroiiu ..... Tankage 1 7.00-13.73 63.94 36.06 New I'luRland llro.s.soil Moat ami Wool Co. Hone VertiliztT \* 2.74-20.00 r>9 . r.9 40.41 Nitrate .\Keneie.s C^o. N.M'O Hramt TankaKO 1 10.00- 4.;->8 61.80 38.20 (\irroll S. Pane Haw CJrounil Hone . 1 4.OO-22.00 16.1U) 83.40 ProviileiuH'' l'"armers' Kx- | eliaiiKe, Inc. ... | I'^xehaiiKe Hraml Mone Meal 1 3.00-22.00 47 , W 52.43 KxehanKe Hrand Ciro\u\d Tankage .... 1 9.00- t).86 54.83 45.17 Ihilibanl's Pure Kaw Knuckle riie Kojcers i-20.,W 78.17 21.84 M, 1,. Shopninker &Co., Inc. ^ "Swift Sure" Hone Mt-al 1 5..'>l>-20.00 38.27 61,73 \'irKii>i!»-CaTolin!\ Clicniicnl Co Fine Ground Hone . 1 3, 00-22.. "-.O 57.89 42.11 The Wileox Fortili«or Co. Groiuid Steamed Hone . 2 3. 00-22. Ot) 81.59 18.41 ,1. M Woodaril Uuground T.'ink.Mire 2 1 .'•>,47-lS.OO 29 . 64 70.36 ' i'wo anal.\! made. ' The .>saini>le wa.-! seriously out of balanoe. It proved to be a 9 per cent ammonia and 20 per eent bono plu>sphate of lime tankajje, testing 8.66 per cent nitrogen and 7.02 per cent phosphoric acid. There was no eommereial shortaRe. Wood Ashes. Manufaeturer ai\d Hraiul Number of Analyses Mois- ture Phosphoric 1 Acid ! Water Soluble Potash Insol- Found lluaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Matter John Jovnt The .loynt lUand l'nleaolu\l llard- wiH>d .\shes: Sold on the unit btisis Sold on the ton basis .... 6 4 12.70 17.65 1.90 1.58 1.00 1.00 4.92 3.36 3.00 3.00 14.69 14.82 NoTK. — Variation in pereentaRe composition in the ten analyses made: moisture, 6.04 to 23.35; phos- phoric acid, 1.S3 to 2.17: w.iter soluble potash, 2.76 to 6.90; total potash, 3.53 to 8.09, with an average of 6.22 for those sold on unit basis and 4 26 for those sold on the ton basis. .VveraKe wood ashes contain about ;?1 per cent of calcium oxide and :< per cent of maKnesivini oxide, both present larsely as carbonates. l'"ron\ the wide variations in compo.-iilion wliich exist in individual car shipments of tliis product, it is obvious that jishes should always oc bought on a statement of Kviarantee of potaslt, lime and phosphoric acid, and only after a comparison has been made as to the cost of similar amounts of these plant food constituents from other reliable si>\irees. Pulverized Animal Manures. 31 Manufacturer and Brand Number of Samples Total Nitrogen Total Phos- phoric Acid Total Potash Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed The American Agricultural Chem- ical Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure Pulverized Sheep Manure 6 3 1 . 50 1.84 1 . 15 1.44 1.22 .82 1.25 .75 2.19 2.37 2.00 2.00 Armour Fertilizer Works Pulverized Sheep Manure 4 las 1.23 1.17 1.00 3.45 2.00 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Berkshire Sheep Manure 21 2.14 1.80 1.02 1.00 2.01 2.00 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Break's Ram's Head Brand Sheep Manure 101 1.30 1.46 1.06 .75 3.35 3.00 Natural Guano Co. "Sheep's Head" Pulverized Sheep Manure 10 2.r.o 2.25 1.56 1.25 2,16 2.00 Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co. Groz-It Brand Sheep Manure (Pul- verized) 62 1.30 1.50 1.38 1.25 3.17 3.00 Premier Poultry Manure Co. Premier Brand Pulverized Poultry Manure Premier Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure 01 1 4.83 1.88 4.10 1.85 3.24 1.17 2.70 1.00 1.47 2.58 1.30 2.00 The Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Brand Cattle Manure Wizard Brand Sheep Manure 3 5 2.27 2.15 1.80 2.00 1.07 1.79 1.00 1.25 1.09 2.02 1.00 2.00 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sheep Manure 1 1.94 2.06 1.10 .84 2.04 2.30 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. Sheep Manure 1 2.25 1.72 1.70 1.50 3.30 1.50 1 Two analyses made. 2 Three analyses made. 32 DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILIZERS FOR SALE IN THE STATE IN 1924. The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Chemical Specialties Co., Inc., Springfield, N. J. Apothecaries Hall Co., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 305 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Atlantic Packing Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. TheBaker Castor Oil Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. The Barrie Laboratories, 110 High St., Boston, Mass. Beach Soap Co., Cor. Maple and Lawrence St., Lawrence, Mass. The Berkshire Fertihzer Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., 390-2 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. Bowker Fertilizer Co., 43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 51-52 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. The Cando Co., 25 Thorndike St., Cambridge, Mass. The E. D. Chittenden Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Clay & Sou, Stratford, London, Eng. The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc., Cor. Merchants Row and S. Market St., Boston, Mass. Consohdated Rendering Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp., Nelson Ave. and Hill St., Long Island City, N. Y Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213-215 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex Fertihzer Co., 39 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, 111. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 S. Market St., Boston, Mass. The L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. John Glennie, P. O. Box 20, Lawrence, Mass. Thos. Hersom & Co., 11 Commercial St., New Bedford, Mass. A. W. Higgins, Inc., S. Deerfield, Mass. Dexter E. Horton, Swansea, Mass. J. W. Howard, 328 Broadway, Somerville, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Inc., Memphis, Tenn. International Apricultural Corp., 126 State St., Boston, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Melrose Ave., Somerville, Mass. John Joynt, Lucknow, Ontario, Can. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 143 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. A G Markham & Co., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. The George E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., E. Lynn, Mass. Wilham N. McCrilhs, 89 State St., Boston, Mass. Sylve.ster A. McGovern, Andover, Mass. Merrimac Chemical Co., 148 State St., Boston, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 47 Moody St., Waltham, Mass. Mitchell Fertihzer Co., Providence, R. I. J. J. Moreau & Son, Manchester, N. H. The National Fertihzer Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. New England Dressed Meat and Wool Co., 41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Fertihzer Co., 40A N. Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Fuel & Transportation Co., Ill Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. Nitrate Agencies Co., Bound Brook, N. J. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Oyama Products Co., Fostertown Rd., Newburgh, N. Y. Pacific Manure & Fertihzer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. CarroU S. Page, Hyde Park Vt. Parmenter & Polsey Fertihzer Co., 41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., 664 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, lU. Providence Farmers' Exchange, Inc., 16 S. Water St., Providence, R. I. The Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Chicago, 111. Geo. B. Robinson, Jr., Produce Exchange, 8 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Ross Bros. Co., 90 Front St., Worcester, Mass. F. S. Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Sanderson Fertihzer & Chemical Co., New Haven, Conn. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Venango St. and Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Southland Cotton Oil Co., Paris, Texas. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. Standard Agricultural Chemical Corp., 2 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Henry J. Taubert, 18 Brooks St., Brighton, Mass. Wilham Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland. Virginia-Carohna Chemical Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Vitogro Chemical Co., 40 Middle St., Lowell, Mass. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co., 56 W. Main St., Mystic, Conn. J. M. Woodard, Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Publication op this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. IS r T ^.1 g p -^ T M A 'a 't^ — CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 30 DECEMBER, 1924 MASSACHUSEnS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF LIME PRODUCTS USED IN AGRICULTURE By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and G. B. Dalrymple Chemical tests made in the Control Laboratory, on 657 samples of soil taken from fields in every county of the State, indicate a marked shortage of lime to be typical of Massachusetts soils. The profit from using lime as a soil amendment is affected by a number of factors — by the kind of crop to be grown and by the manurial and fertilizer treatments given, as well as by conditions in the soil itself. In any case, however, economy in the purchase of lime is essential. The data given in this report will be of service, first in locating sources of lime, and second in purchasing on the basis of actual composition rather than merely on ton price. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST. MASS. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY J. B. LiNDSEY, Chemist. INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1924. i;y h. d. haskins, chemist is charge, assisted by l. s. walker and g. c. dalrymple MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS During: 1924, 18 dift'erent tirms and individuals registered 21 different brands of agricultural lime and 2 brands of gypsum. Tbe following classitication shows the general character of the ]>roducts : — Hydrated or slaked lime 11 Lime ashes 3 Precipitated lime 1 Ground limestone 5 Ground shell lime 1 Total 21 Gypsum or land plaster 2 With the following exceptions, four in number, all of the products registered have been sampled and analyzed. PRODUCTS NOT COLLECTED Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester. Ma.ss.. Chainplaiu Valley Agricultural I-iiuc and Wood Ashes : Champlain Valley Agricultural Limestone. George A. Lawrence, Holyokc. ^lass.. Lime Ashes. New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass.. Connecticut Agricultural Lime. HYDRATED OR SLAKED, PRECIPITATED AND AIR-SLAKED LIME AND LIME ASHES A reference to Table I shows that with one exception the guarantees of calcium and magnesium oxides have been well maintained in these forms of lime. The Limestone Dust, {)ut out by the New England Lime Com])any, is a a more variable product than the average lime jnit out for agi-icultural purposes. The source of the product is the verj-^ tine dust originating in the rotary kilns. The dust is collected in dust chambers and is almost as fine as precipitated lime ; 100 per cent of the product will pass through a 200-mesh sieve. The variation in composition is largely due to the proportion of carbonic acid which is absorbed by the product, producing carbonate of lime. The product showed a deficiency of 3.8 per cent of calcium oxide. The company state that none of the product was sold during the season. The sample which served for analysis was taken by our sampling agent at the kiln. GROUND LIMESTONE AND GROUND SHELL LIME No deficiencies were found either in (calcium or magnesivuu oxides in the analysis of the gi-ound limestones and ground shell lime. In securing data with reference to the cost of agiieultural lime it was found that about 36.5 per cent of the delivery cost of ground limestone was due to freight, the range being from 21 to 51 per cent. This is a somewhat larger proportion than in case of hydrated and air-slaked limes where the average was 27 per cent, with a range from 18 to 37 per cent. With one exception, the degree of fineness to which the various limestones have been ground compai-es favorably with 1923. The product put out by Donald U. Smith in 1923 headed the list, while this season it is second from the last in fineness. If this product, as well as the Ground Shell Lime put out by the Producers Sales Company, were ground finer, its effectiveness as a soil amendment would be considerably increased. The degree of fineness to which the raw lime products have been ground is graphically illustrated below. Physical Analysis of Different Limestones. Per cent Lv wei<»ht ^ ^^ 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 uy wvigfjv 1,1,1,1,,,, New England Lime Co. Grangers Manu- facturing Co- Pownal Lime Co. Donald U. Smith Producers Sales Co. ^ »»oooae«o o0o«o *co o»oe» oo»« e«**oo«e< I I I I I I I I I I I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ] Very coarse » caught by ZO-mesh sieve. I**'*' "I Coarse ' passing 20, caught "by 40-niesh sieve. Medium = passing 40, caxight by SO-mesh sieve, Fine - passing 60, caught by SO-wesh sieve. Very fin© = passing 80-nesh sieve. 4 EXPLANATION OF TABLES OF ANALYSES In Table I the column headed "Proportion of total oxides as carbonates" shows the extent to which the lime and magnesium combined with the carbonic acid in the air in the effort to revert back to the original form when taken from the quarry. Lime or magnesium not in the form of carbonate is present either in the caustic form or as a hydrate (water-slaked lime). The column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" gives the calculated calcium and magnesium oxides contained in one ton of the product, it being assumed that all of the lime and magnesium from this source will become avail- able during a period of five years. The calculations found in the column headed "Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides in car lots f.o.b. plant" were based on prices furnished by the manufacturers with the exceptions which are noted in footnotes. In estimating the probable cost on a delivered basis, freight costs from shipping point to destination where used must be computed. In Table II the column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" is calculated as in Table I, except that the degree of fineness of the limestone is taken into consideration. It is assumed that the oxides contained in that portion of the product which will pass through a 20-mesh sieve all become effective within a five-year period, and what are contained in that portion which fails to pass through the 20-mesh sieve will be only 50 per cent effective during the same period. In both tables the figures in parentheses following the brand name show the number of samples collected and inspected. Table I. Hydrated or Slaked, Precipitated and Air-Slaked Limes and Lime Ashes Name of Manufactdrer and Brand CaLC'IU.M O.xiDE (CaO). Magnesium Oxide (MgO). 1 ll .2 ti D. X go s '■? « '° I £S « go 04 o d a Found Guar- anteed Found Guar- anteed Jit o Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Producto Agricultural Lime (2) Edward Bryant Co., 23 Central St., Boston, Mass. Tolnian Jjand Lime (2) 62.00 57.52 61.78 58.53 00.69 52.95 50.72 60.32 61.93 50.66 48.66 73.96 62.92 60.00 55.00 46.00 58.00 60.00 48.00 50.00 .58.00 58.00 50.00 42.50 80.00 60.00 1.21 7.64 6.86 2.81 1.05 1.27 22.89 .56 1.00 1.30 35.18 2. 24 2.82 1. 00 5.00 5.00 .00 ..50 18.00 .50 .50 .50 34.50 none .50 2,'5 1/5 1/10 3/5 1/2 3/5 1/10 1/2 1/2 l/'4 1/25 1/7 1/3 1366 1303 1373 1227 1235 1084 1472 1218 1259 1039 1677 1524 1315 $0.47 -3 The Cheshire Lime Manufacturing Co., Cheshire, Mass. Cheshire Agricultural Lime (2) Farnam Cheshire Lime Co., Farnams, Mass. Agricultural Lime (4) Hampton Co., Easthampton, Mass. .45 .53 .62* Burton K. Harris, Lime Rock, R. L Slacked Lime (1) .82 A. W. Higgins, Inc., S. Deerfield, Mass. .49 Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Inc., Adams, Mass. .44 .48 Lee Lime Co., Lee, Mass. Lee Agricultural Hydrated Lime (1) ... New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Lime Stone Dust (1) .51 .39 Rockland & Rockport Lime Corp., 45 Milk St., Boston, Mass. R-R Land Lime (10) .49 ' The remainder is either hydrated or caustic lime. 2 Delivered price at retail, $15.00 per ton, making 100 pounds of effective oxides cost $1.15. ' Delivered price at retail, $16.00 per ton, making 100 pounds of effective oxides cost $1.17. < Extra charge of $3.10 made for cloth sacks, refunded upon return of sacks in good condition. Note. — The Tolman Lime-Wood Ashes tested .23 per cent phosphoric acid and .88 per cent potash. The .\dams Lime .■Xshes tested .13 per cent phosphoric acid and .44 per cent potash. Table II. Ground Raw Limestone and Ground Shell Lime N.4AIE OF MaNCFACTDRER AND Brand Grangers Martufacturing Co., West Stockbridge, Mass. Grangers Agricultural Lime Stone (1) New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Ground Limestone (1) Pownal Lime Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Fine Ground Agricultural Lime- stone (12) Producers Sales Co., S. Norwalk, Conn. Sealshipt Brand Oyster Shell Lime (1) Donald U. Smith, Ashley Falls, Mass. .\shley White Agricultural Lime- stone (1) Calcium Oxide (CaO) Found 30.89 Guar- anteed 44 . S3 45.00 ^L^GNESIUM Oxide (MgO) Found 5.07 .98 Guar- anteed 5.00 .75 Carbonates OF Lime and Magnesium Found 90.91 83.00 99.00 Guar- anteed 90.00 80.00 82.00 98.00 teO -r3 20 1000 1064 878 1037 - « 5 0(B.£S m .Pi O O t. .tfiCI OS o $0.48 .43 .48 .51 Table III. Gypsum or Land Plaster.^ Name of Manufacturer and Brand Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcium Sulfate (CaS04) Magnesium Carbonate Found Guar- anteed Found Guar- anteed (MgCOs) Found The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Fine Ground Nova Scotia Plaster (7) . . United States Gypsum Co., 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, III. Ben Franklin Agricultural Gypsum (1) . . 40.00 34.35 .32.95 30.11 97.25 83.38 80.00 73.10 1.30 5.14 ' This form of lime does not neutralize soil acids. 3000 2-10-25 Order 8f.2 uiunnn i \jr ( ni_ Massachusetts Agricultural College, AMHERST. MASS. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN NO. 31 JULY, 1925 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA 1924-1925 By P. E. BRANSFIELD Four years ago the first report on the work of testing for the elimination of white diarrhoea from the poultry flocks of Massachusetts was published. During that season, 24,718 breeding birds were tested, 12.5 per cent of infec- tion was found. Only 25 flocks, representing 2,414 birds, were found to be free from the disease. The record of the past season shows 66,503 birds tested, 2.94 per cent of infection found, and 79 flocks, representing 25,390 birds, found to be free from the disease. These results show marked progress and give grounds for hope of ultimate eradication of the disease. They have been se- cured through the cooperation of Massachusetts poultrymen with the work of the Department of Veterinary' Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachu- setts Agricultural Experiment Station. Full details of the season's work are included in this report. Request for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. 4500 7-25 Order 2265 DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL PATHOLOGY CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA 1924-1925 By p. E. Bransfield During the present season the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, through its Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology, has continued its activities to control bacillary white diarrhoea of poultry in the State and to eradicate it as far as possible. The attempt this year has been in particular to establish disease-free flocks, from which day-old chicks and hatching eggs may be obtained. The men whose flocks were last year free from disease, or in whose flocks there was only a small percentage of infection, have been given the preference, in so far as was possible, in the order of testing. The establishment of the Massachusetts Association of Certified Poultry Breeders has helped considerably to improve the poultry industry in Massachu- setts, and this department has cooperated with this association to the fullest possible extent. Nature of the Infection. Bacillarj' white diarrhoea is an infectious disease and chicks which survive its onslaught may become chronic carriers, the seat of infection being the ovaries. The causative agent of bacillary white diarrhoea is the oi'ganism known as Salmonella pullora. The primary source of infection is the hen carrier, which transmits the disease to the eggs and thence to the chicks. Other chicks not originally infected may become so through infected droppings from chicks hatched from infected eggs. Chicks which survive the infection may in their turn become carriers of the disease, thus completing the vicious cycle of trans- mission of the disease. The problem of bacillary white diarrhoea control is to locate these carriers and to eliminate them from the breeding flock. The method used is the macro- scopic agglutination test, as described in Control Bulletin No. 27, reporting the work for 1923-1924. Service Rendered under the Poultry Disease Elimination Law for the Season Ending July 31, 1925. During the season just past 66,503 fowls, 3,076 of which were male birds, have been examined for bacillary w^hite diarrhoea by the macroscopic aggluti- nation test. The following tables show the geographical distribution according to breeds, the location of the reactors, the amount of infection among various breeds, and the niunber of flocks having certain limits of infection. 1 S3 ^ °. oc;irf.cjtoMiNSi-'i-'CT3 3 2". ►"2 S^^* 4^ M s t1 O MMI-' ISS o s MtN54>.05005[0,^-qOOrf»CIl Si to o tN5 «^ IsS >^ >-*l-* H^lNS4i.-qi-ilNS -J osOMi oo.i^tr'Cnco-auTrfi* s s }—L OSWOTUll l-'COOlCOIxSI-'l-ih.i "^M 00 «owoooo| ^^ to Ins o CO CTto *. w ^^ h-* E^^ o 5 o a o c«aoaik4^a^Gc>*^aicocoooto-j wS M 5 )»1 to ISO *"* Ins to to cc H.1 l—i CO t-i 4*. -q 4*. rf*. 00 *. *.o^-'-^rf^-J^^^^w-oo h-»| ooooo*.>:ji*'t0 4i*.i-'w " o| lNS-'t-'0JtO. 05 to CO en 05 t-* 4». to J^ to OV INS F^ *. CO 02 ,*. 2 S o en i-'cno*-i2*-*.toai-JO O C5 to OS 1 1— I C7t CO *q >D ^ ^ to .^ CT O :■« K 3 •^2 H-1 ?:; c: OJ l-llsStOh^CO o « to o^^oco-^issciaio^icocjiCTOo Pi to to CI t-'h-ll-' s^ to to C3 tNS00COl-i|-i|-' 05 OitOh-'COOlCOtOCOOO w S CJ 1 en I Cl c^ as cji cc h-i 00 tNS c^ oc o n in 1 o| 0(-»i-»c:iC:tNScnco4.to •^z ^^ C" c cn III 1 1 l-.MCO^-^ o 5 Cl 1 1 1 h-i 1 ^s 1 ISS o >»i. tN 4>. to 01 ^ M to ^s 1 >». i a. l-'l-'ISS 9? ISS en i '^•' M-iooi-'cn en ►^ GO ISSCItOOiOCC w s o 1 1 |tNS|-j|<00>C3-qts5tO c w 1 1 1 a> 1 OT 1 OCOK-ir^_40 X 5* uq too CO on 00 141 0 5,637 867 2,720 574 1,207 1,266 4,921 6,556 . 8,655 8,814 Ki t' a o > o to 2; o D H ^^^s 030 en*. to o W I-' I-* to to Oi as o> h-A M -q M eo toja-oooi-'en to i-' eo bSrfi.l-'tOOOOOOlOtOOtO o f"; !0 tfl K :"to to to 00-4 00 err (— ' Cl o t-1 -4 to h-* CO CI -4 tO-JOlNSOOOOOOO-4 Pi *to -a o to -J to H' to too *. to en t>s o -J en to 00t0t0-4OOO00O to boM CO oo CO en 00 CO OCoOOtOOOOOOTCJlO en toco en -4 to I-' toi-» encn rf». to OtOOOOOOOOMh-'OO ai 1 n 05 Ol o I-" I-" cienoooo K^ i-j en i-' oo toooh-^oeotoenoi— itsSM-J otocootoci-a-jotocorf» CiO>*>.tOCO-q4xrfi.cCOClCO 1,956 CO en H" to h-" M M OtO-3tD ,^ -4 -:] OS h-i tOo-JtOCno5C3l-'-3tOh->CO w B ?> O o 2.94 15.21 0.74 1.97 6.95 3.37 1.05 2.35 0.36 3.71 2.18 3.71 2.03 o 01 *^ o c: 2; a Plan of Operations. The procedures carried out this year and the testing plans followed have been the same as those of previous years. However, as the adoption of one of these plans is essential to the eradication of bacillary white diarrhoea from a flock, and as it is especially necessary that poultrymen observe the precautions listed under "Control Measures," it is deemed advisable to again include them in this bulletin. Testing Plan No. 1. — Tests on Birds One Year of Age or Older. A flock of hens is to be considered free from infection when reactors do not exist in the breeding flock after the following plan has been carried out :■ — (a) First test at the age of one year or older. (b) Second test on non -reactors, six to twelve months later. By this plan, each adult in the breeding flock will have been tested twice. Testing Plan No. 2. — Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when it is the product of a flock which has already been tested twice, and when on test it contains no reactors. Three tests are thiTS required, as follows : — (a) Original test when the birds are eight to twelve months old. (b) Non-reactors tested again six to twelve months later. (c) Third test made on the offspring of the birds already tested twice. Testing Plan No. 3. — Alternate Plan for Tests on Pullets. A flock of pullets is to be considered free from infection when produced as per the following plan, and when, on the last of the following tests, no reactors ai-e foimd to exist. The procedure is as follows: — (a) Original test when birds are eight to twelve months old. (b) Non-reactors tested again four to six weeks later. (c) Offspring of the above flock tested as pullets. (d) Non-i'eactors tested again four to six weeks later. In other words, the test is applied to pullets and their oft'spring. By this plan each bird is tested twice before being bred. NOTE. — It is mutually understood that pullets are eligible for testing two months after the flock has attained a 20 per cent egg production. Male birds may be used for breeders if tested once and found non-reacting. CONTROL MEASURES. A. All bi-eeding birds, male or female, to be leg-banded with bands fur- nished at cost by the Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the Massachusetts Agi-icultural Experiment Station. B. All birds showing a positive agglutination reaction to be removed from the breediiig flock. Reacting l)irds to be disposed of if possible; but if it is found necessary to keep them as egg producers, they are to be kept under slrict quarantine. C. Male birds not to be housed during the breeding season with other than ))ieeding stock. D. New stock brought on the place, whether adults, day-old chicks, or hatch- ing eggs, to come from stock shown to be free from bacillary Avhite diarrhoea, as determined by the agglutination test. NOTE. — The Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology of the .Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station does not issue certificates of any kind or enter any agreement to guarantee flocks. It will, however, co- operate with poultry associations or groups of poultrymen who may wish to issue certificates of merit or accredit their own flocks. Of the 156 flocks tested this vear, 123 have followed Testing Plan No. 2, 19 Testing Plan No. 1, and 14 Testing Plan No. 3. Testing Plan No. 2 appears to be the most satisfactory one to the poultry- men and has been most generally followed by them. By adopting this plan both hens and pullets are tested, and this arrangement seems to be what most of the poulti-ymen want. Discussion of the Problem Presented by the Bacillary White Diarrhoea Situation in Massachusetts. The problem in the control of bacillary white diarrhoea is the elimination of cai'riers of the disease. Upon recovery from the infective process the hen's body, in most cases, probably rids itself of the animate agent. Salmonella pul- lora, which is the single essential cause of the disease. In many cases, however, recovery takes place, but the infecting agent continues to live in the hen's body, where its presence, as a rule, is not indicated by any symptoms. Reference has already been made to the localization of the organism in the ovaries of the hen, and its transmission to the eggs and thence to the chicks hatched from these eggs. Many of these chicks live and become carriers, and thus the vicious cycle of infection continues. Not only through these carriers is the in- fection spread, but in them the disease is kept alive in the interval between bi'eeding seasons. So far as is known, thei'e is no treatment which will rid the bi'eeding hen of this organism and thus prevent it from passing on the disease to its progeny. This indeed is one of the difficult and important problems of preventive medicine. The recognition of these carriers, however, at once ren- ders preventive measures more efficacious and certain. The problem therefore i-esolves itself into detection of the carriers, and this at the present time requires comprehensive serological examinations. One hopeful feature of the problem liowever, is that the number of carriers will diminish proportionately with the luunber of cases of bacillary white diari-hoea. Every improvement in the sani- tary conditions generally will have a tendency to diminish the number of ear- liers of the infection. In consideration of the mode of transmission of the disease, the male bird lias not been mentioned as a carrier. At the present time, what part, if any, the male bird plays in the transmission of the disease is not known. The data, however, show that there is an enormous preponderance of females over males among the carriers, which suggests that the male bird plays a negligible part in the transmission of the disease. It is advisable, however, to keep the male birds separate from the females, except during the breeding season, since it is piobable that the male bird may act as a passive carrier in some instances. Tt may here be stated that a diagnosis of bacillary white diarrhoea should iiot be made without laboratory aid. It is very doubtful, indeed, whether a diagnosis can be made in the absence of cori*oborative lal)oratory tests. The most important and reliable of these tests are the agghitination reaction in adult birds and the demonstration of Salmonella pullora in young chicks. The aggluti- nation test which is used for the detection of the infection in adult birds, while highly accurate and reliable, is by no means absolute. A positive result is highly indicative of bacillary white diarrhoea, but on the other hand, a single negative result is certainly not proof of the absence of the disease. It is for this reason that consecutive, non-reacting tests are required to establish the fact of free- dom from infection. In the case of any infectious disease, a campaign of education is always necessary at the time the disease is l)eing attacked. This has been attempted in the bacillary white diarrhoea work by means of pamphlets outlining well-de- fined control measures, copies of which are sent to those poultrymen who apply for the test. These pamphlets have been very well received, and many poultry- men have cooperated fully in the preventive program there outlined. Had the poultrynien of the State not cooperated so fully and so effectively in fighting this infection, it would have been almost impossible for this department to suc- ceed in its campaign for eradication of the disease. The statistical data included in this bulletin are of importance in showing the progress that has been made in controlling the infection during the past season. A study of these data shows that bacillary white diarrhoea, which as a cause of economic loss has been one of the poultrymen's greatest scourges, has been diminished in the State. Livability of Chicks and Hatchability of Eggs from Bacillary White Diarrhoea Free Flocks. During the past season 79 poultry plants, representing 25,390 breeding birds, have been found to be free from bacillary white diarrhoea. In order to show the value of the test establishing disease-free flocks from which clean stock may be obtained, questionnaires were sent to the owners of such flocks, asking them for the names of those to whom they sold hatching eggs or day-old chicks. The customers were then consulted regarding their experience with eggs or chicks so obtained. It was found that the livability of chicks hatched from eggs produced by bacillary white diarrhoea free flocks has been excellent. The hatchability of the eggs from the same source has been somewhat higher than the average. This disease may unfavorably influence the hatchability of eggs, but we must remember that its absence maj' not necessarily result in better than normal hatches being secured. Low hatchability of eggs is not altogether a disease problem. When chicks are hatched free from Salmonella pullora infec- tion, however, their chance of being raised to maturity is enhanced to a very large extent. The following tables show the hatching qualities of eggs and livability of chicks pi-ndueed from disease-free flocks, with records obtained as above indicated. Table III. Hatchability of Eggs, Livability of Chicks from Disease-Free Flocks. Owner Number OF Eggs. Hatchability of Eggs. Livability of Chicks. Number. Number. Per Cent. Number. Per Cent. 1 2 3 4 5 6 • 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 100 100 110 112 130 400 480 648 1,000 2,080 2,400 2,470 4,391 12,000 14,050 45 67 73 81 95 206 315 527 418 980 1,783 1,355 2,342 8,000 8,356 45.00 67.00 66.36 72.32 73.08 51.50 65.63 81.33 41.80 47.12 74.29 54.86 53.34 66.67 59.47 40 62 73 79 81 183 311 487 371 950 1,712 1,280 2,123 7,600 7.400 88.89 92.54 100.00 97.53 85.26 88.83 98.73 92.41 88.76 96.94 96.01 94.46 90.65 95.00 88.56 40,471 24,643 60.89 22,752 92.33 Table IV. Livability of Day-Old Chicks Sold from Disease-Free Flocks. Owner Number OF Chicks. Livability of Chicks. XUMBER. Number. Per Cent. 1 76 70 92.11 2 100 94 94.00 3 200 175 87.50 4 201 196 97.51 a 240 237 98.75 6 aoo 271 90.33 1 308 305 99.03 8 311 290 93.25 9 360 200 55.56* 10 390 379 97.18 11 400 378 94.50 12 400 384 96.00 13 800 779 97.38 14 805 787 97.76 15 834 762 91.37 16 950 870 91.58 17 1.330 1,293 97.22 18 1,372 1,270 92.57 19 1.650 1,561 94.61 20 1,747 1,640 93.88 21 2,445 2,351 96.16 22 2,520 2.431 96.47 23 2.573 2,393 93.00 24 2,930 2,749 93 H2 25 3,255 3.111 95.58 26,497 24,976 94.26 *Chicks lost due to brooder pneumonia, not to bacillary white diarrhoea (state- ment of owner). The lowest percentage of livability reported by customers of day-old chicks from bacillary white diarrhoea-free flocks is 55.56. This low livability was due to careless brooding and not to disease. Numerous individual plants have re- X:)orted that 100 per cent of all chicks bought from bacillary white diarrhoea disease-free flocks were raised. Of the 156 poultry plants tested for bacillary white diarrhoea infection dur- ing the past season, 57 were tested for the first time. Of the remaining, 99 flocks having had some previous testing, 74 plants have a record of consecutive testing extending back two or more years. The following table gives the data from these flocks which are grouped according to the number of years they have been tested. Table V. Average Percentage Reduction of Infection in Flocks Tested Consecutively for Two or More Years. Number OF Years Number OF Flocks. Percentage of Infection. Tested. 1919-20 14.08 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 2.66 6.25 6.30 12.93 1923-24 1 1924-25 6 5 t 2 5 8 5 24 32 5.14 13.20 8.22 14.63 19.88 2.57 i 2.58 4.61 1.19 11.16 1.92 6.48 i 2.40 7.98 i 2.06 Summary. During the 1924-1925 season 66,503 fowls were tested for bacillary white diarrhoea, this being 6,868 more than during the same period last year. Com- pared with last year, the percentage of infection in the flocks tested was reduced from 6.53 to 2^94. Seventy-nine bacillary white diarrhoea free flocks were established, this being 41 more than last year, or an increase of 108 per cent. Livability records of day-old chicks purchased from 25 disease free flocks show that over 94 per cent of the chicks have lived. The season just past has been a most successful one in controlling and eradicating bacillary white diarrhoea infection from the breeding flocks in Massachusetts. .<''i.*i' ^ CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 32 OCTOBER, 1925 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith and Frank J. Kokoski This publication is the thirty-first report of the work of feeding stuff inspection in Massachusetts. It presents the results of chemical and microscopic analyses on about 1,200 samples of feeding stuffs collected during the year ending September 1, 1925. It is of interest to note that of all the material collected, very little had its origin in Massachusetts. While it is true that a certain amount of the primary ingredients was blended within the state to form dairy rations, stock feeds and poultry mashes, these in- gredients came not only from other sections of our own country, but from Canada, South America, Europe and the Orient. With so great a dependence upon material from distant sources, the purchaser should be afforded the fullest protection through care- ful inspection of the products which must be purchased to supple- ment the relati\ely small amount of feeding stuffs locally grown. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. 3500 12-'25 Order 3561 CONTROL SERVICE. (A sub-division of the Department of Chemistry, J. B. Lindsey, Chemist.) INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS. BY PHILIP H. SMITH, FRANK J. KOKOSKI, AND GEORGE B. DALRYMPLE, CHEMISTS, FREDERICK A. McLAUGHLIN, MICROSCOPIST, AND JAMES T. HOWARD, INSPECTOR. Summary. This bulletin contains the results of the twentj^-ninth year of feeding stuff inspec- tion. During the year (Sept. 1, 1924, to Sept. 1, 1925), 1,200 samples of feeding stuffs, collected of dealers and manufacturers, were analyzed and are herein reported. This number is somewhat less than for several years preceding, due to the fact that it was not possible to keep an inspector on the road durmg the summer owing to lack of funds. Two hundred and thirty-five dealers, located in 163 towns and cities, were visited at least once. Eight hundred and forty-seven brands of feedstuffs were regis- tered for sale in Massachusetts by 245 manufacturers or dealers. Two samples of cottonseed meal were drawn in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture on account of low protein content, resulting in the seizure of one carload, which was released for sale after being re-tagged in accordance with its true analysis. One case of failure to register was successfully prosecuted in the local courts. Through the cooperation of the Food and Drug Division of the State Department of Health a dealer was summoned to court for the sale of ground oats adulterated with oat hulls, convicted and fined twenty-five dollars. Two lots of meat scrap containing about 15 per cent of sand were found. This represented an attempt on the part of the manufacturer to reduce a 55 per cent grade to 45 per cent of protein. Reasoning from the practice of reducing grades in the manufacture of fertilizer through the addition of inert material, it was thought that the same pro- cedure might be adopted for meat scraps. Upon presentation of the facts, the prac- tice was discontinued. As a whole, feeding stuffs have been as represented. Deviations from guarantee have not been numerous when volume of goods sold is considered. In a few instances where substantial variations from guarantee have been noted in several samples col- lected, manufacturers have been warned that the brands at fault will not again be accorded registration unless the formulas are modified to make the articles sold con- form to guarantee, or guarantees changed to conform to feedstuffs as made. OOOOOOiOOOOOOOOOOO oooooooo OOOOSOOiOSOO icoGo-CD^C0O5»0C0O- O-— 'OOOOOOOr- "OOOOOOO J CD >— ( CO ^H to CO '— I !0 CO ^"^■^CO'^'^COCO ?OOCO<:OCOcDiOt^CO(MOiOi— «cOC^ JCOh-CO'tOCO^O-HcO-rt^iOiM.— -CO'-^ O CO iO to (M ■^ *— I ■< Tt^ -^ CO TjH -^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO (M'-HCOGOt^-fTjHt^OiOCDM^t^-t^'rtJCO <:0 -^ ^ tr^ ^ OO C i>.t— tO'Oioocooor^cocoir-cot^coco ooo:>ooooooi>^c O o-r; d d^ So 3S .2 d d d gOOQ • S a d a r'^'^'?'? d d d .^ o o o ^, „ '3 " >> S^.-ti .- 000 1h tri ;-( o 1-. t. o o o £ ft a a" "^ '^ >>E S SwpqpQ o o o°<3 000^ m oQ GO 0 ftftft . O Qj O . c n ° dis 9 x;^ e e s M -, — , «^ -, .— ._H .„ c3 ri c^ Q g ;i o >>:=; o-a o b b ^ ^ t^'E fe-. OffiPQQO: : : OOar « OO'-i-ft^'-Hi-irtO— i-)(,-H,-iO?i-i,-l(Mrt (MWrHi-HrtJO-^CVJ 3 '-I3 o O a> U u ^ a> f^ Ph .r^ Tl ^■^^ c > ^ C3 ?^ c^ C p < 0) •ofl 1— i C3 U( (U > < o 00— ■cncooooo >noi ) iM oo oo »- o eo CO »0 -^ C^ >C ■<*' COCT) CO C^J CO CO (N C^ C^ CO CO -^ CO CO *<*< ^ CO S 1 -c o1 lOOiO-OOO OO O iCO-VOOOO OOiOiOOiOO OOOOOOt^OOOO »f5 :0 00 CO OD U5 -^ ■* Tj< 1J* U5 (O C^ 0» CO Oi t^ c 3 o fe 7.6 5.9 7.8 7.8 7.3 6.2 14.9 11.6 14.8 2.7 4.0 3.6 1.6 2.7 1.8 2.0 4.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.4 5.6 5.8 Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. 53.7 49.1 50.1 54.8 46.0 53.7 42.8 46.5 50.8 60.0 61.1 61.5 64.9 62 5 63.3 62.7 61.6 56 7 58.9 58.9 57.4 58.5 57.7 fe 1 -d C3 QJ >nooTf.oo OO o iraoocoooo oooooo«o T3 3 O fe 00(MCiOOiOO coco ^ U^ OO O CO Ci -^ 00 CO O M 00 -^ 00 00 cococM-^cofM cot^ m ic -^ lO -^ -^ »c ■* -<}< CO kC -<»* »c -^ o 3 H o K Pi 23.0 23.0 23.0 23 0 23.0 23 0 22 0 21.0 18.0 17 0 15.0 14,9 15.0 15.8 16 0 16 0 15.0 16.0 16.5 15.5 15.0 15,0 15.5 ■d c 3 24.4 28 3 26,6 23,1 29.4 25.0 24.8 24.9 20.9 17.7 16,5 16.2 16.1 18 1 17.7 16,8 15,0 18,1 17.1 16.3 17.9 17.3 16.2 O a ^ 6,7 8 4 7.7 7.2 8 0 8.3 7.4 5,8 5.2 11.3 10 5 10 1 10.4 8.9 8.9 10.5 10.9 9.0 9.3 10.5 8.8 9.8 9.9 3 "o S American Maize-Products Co. . Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co. Corn Products Refining Co. J. C. Hubinger Bros. Co. Penick & Ford Ltd., Inc. A. E. Staley Mfg. Co Farmers Feed Co. ..... St. Albans Grain Co. .... Fleischmann Co. ..... Bay State Milling Co Elmore Milling Co. .... William Hamilton & Son, Inc. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., Buffalo . Hecker-Joncs-Jewell Milling Co., New York Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co. Washburn Crosby Co. .... Commercial Milling Co. .... Eagle Roller Mill Co Federal Mill & Elevator Co., Inc. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co. ... Thompson Milling Co. .... P Q » H fe Gluten Feed. Cream of Corn .... Clinton ..... Buffalo Ke O Kuk Douglas ..... Staley' s . '. Brewers' Grains. "Bull" Yeast Grains. Red Dog Flour. Wingold Elmore's ..... XXX Comet .... Eventually Gold Medal Adrian Wheat Flour Middlings. Ijucky ..... Niagara ..... Hard Wheat Standard B Angelus ..... 3 ber of Sam- ples. CO'HOOCqe^HO nC^ <-> r-tr^nr-U-IC^i-l CS rH C^ rH -H C< -H CC'^CDOOiOt^l>-T-IOCOOCOt*lO"^^CDt^GO oooiooo»oooio»f5'— t»oooioow:i>oo QOOOa5CC00010000C30500C:iC30000; t^OlOJ'— I 00'-HlC00(Mt>-00OC^CC000i'— lOCOCvJCOOO i-HOOOOOOOOOt^OOO»0»«0 0»0 Tj-iCCOCOiCOCQ'^eo^HOOOOOOiiOCDOiiC'^^HeCTfCCC^t^OOO ciGoosoir^ocnt^ocnooocxiooooaiCioooioot .i>.r>.rooocsoiot-i>»ooooi>-»oi>- S lO' iOtOO»0»0»0»OU7»OiOiOiOiC^»0»0»CiC» »COOO*0Oi0»0iO»0i000i000OOC0e0OiOi0C0O»CW5OO lO'Tfit;0':DI>-CTit-*OC0t-^-*^-*t-^TjHiO00O'— 'OOSOOOO-^CCtOtOffO OOOOOOOOOiO^OOOOiOOOO 0*OOOOir:)»OOiCOOOOOOOO»00»OOCCOOOOO coO'O'O»niU0iOur3iOu0»OiO^OiCCC'CDt^ ir50i.-<^(Mi-HCCTtai'<*''^^^<:0(«o oocot-oot^«o»or^iooocoio<:c>t'-cot^--o^-i^ co'OtCtiS'OiotocoooocouTir-oiooioot^^otO'^coirato^C'co •irTi nV, *i'-. •^3 'w5 5 t- c3 ^ 00»0»^OOiOOW200iCOO OiC^^^H— -oOCi»005OC>t-»00e0O-^':0C0>0t>-'^OCi':D»0G0e0OO00OOiO OOO»0OO00OOO»0OOC0>Oi0OOOOOOOOOOOOO*0»0OOO rp'— '•^CVI0000»0"*C-l':f-0Si— ISO'-H^COO*--'— lOCaT-iOOSGO to .... -o " ^ .2 3 § ■ • 6 • . • • • -S 1-5 .... Ipllel felll?! i r:;^ig §11 iillii i i^ll^ ^^=3 5pag3 ^£ ^^- =- ^^."i s^ S| o-at== = =^ gi 2.2;^ <<««UQQHHKfeOH^|SKahJh^«40Z:2;c:H;:M^C^XKHC>p: •o I I I O O o I I I ^ ? I I : J H^ O tf- j^^^)^-^^.-t^»O^OiO':D»0<0»C'^»0:0:OI>- co<:ot^(Mi>-oc^OC^Tt»-. I CS r-1 aic^r~»iooioooc^oo'-t^oo»ooo« SCDCOO-.O^O^D!^: i :D O CO CD Xi CI (M O C-l :o o o to lOOOOOOOOOOOOiCOOOO C^wiCOt^iOOiOcOiOJO-^iOcOcOiOtCcO »c o oo 00 cc o o oo ir:>':Dc^ioocooo»oooi>*oo':o<:o»ftiGO'— "Tj*.— « eoiOiOOOI>-cOCOI^rt-':Dt^tOI>» cc O oo oooo OOO Tt< »o OOOO^— ii— '•-'^O'-'O^^'-'OO'-H CSI ^(M ri ^ O(NI>T*^i>^t^ooi>-ooooi>^cooooc:oo d Od aO S M Is C3 0 a b d O • M dv5 Jg -. o "2 d O . -a M S OO" d Q M ■ a S:g P d d nci _ _ _ Amendt Milling Co. Aunt Jemima Mills Co. Cereal Mills Co. Elevator Milling Co. Evans Milling Co. . Chas. A. Krause Milling Chas. A. Krause Milling < Kellogg Co. . Mapl-Flake Mills Inc. Mapl-Flake Mills Inc. Miner-Hillard Milling Co Patent Cereals Co. Plymouth Milling Co. Postum Cereal Co., Inc. Quaker Oats Co. Quaker Oats Co. St. Albans Grain Co. O o Oh . . OJ ^ . . . -^ O -jO M M-S g O .Si< rt car' 3 CJ >-ic^)'Hrt-t 4) " S i> '1 . . . . fed, a S a a a Sl'X.g ^ 3 3 5 OJ a dJ 01 Oh ;3 -^ — ' G Si O 0 c 0 0 O ' 1 u Q 1 GO 73 H W 'tS a> fn ?^ 9; b, Uh Q ,. w .^ 0 <1 0 fr, S-. di w a. (/) oi >» Ph oooooooooooooooooooooooooooocoooo Orr. OOQOOCV10C^OOOOOOOiOiOO^OOOOOOO"*"o>Pwfe _§ s s o 2w3S i;— o^ ?'?-S t. >;; CS c^ <- g — • c3 a; ^Q i^iTj m? Cd ?« H^ C^Tf *§ c c cj 0^ fl a ci cs ^£ 00 -;< '-'--Nl^^'-^^^'-^•-|C>^MC^--t-lc^c.^^^c^^^^^^o^^'-lT^>c^NcO'-|^^^^c<;-- — -H lOOiCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOOO O iCOOOOOOOOO lO ooooo osoioot— '-OcO W5 OOOOi>— •OO'rfTft^Tt'OO CO lOOSfMCOO ■^ Tt* lO "5 »0 ^ lO "^ -^ -^ "»** '^ -rj* TT "^ »0 lO lO ''J* *0 -^ lO ^ iC^ •*" »C lO ■<*< lO 'J* »C -^ -^ -^ Tfi lO -rt* Tt< »0 »0 tO O »« O O O O O O O W5 O »C O O O O W5 lO CCOO O O O O O m> O O iC O "5 W5 m O O O O OOOOO lO Tj« ^ ^ Tt< »0 Ti< CD iO "^ '* »0 *0 lO CO »0 CC CO "^ CO Tj< W5 iO lO -^ »0 "^ lO -^ TjH tJ* eo -^ lO lO lO iC lO iO CO "^ CO ■■ait~*COt--»-ilCOSCOt^COC7S05»0'M.-«Tj»C^ lO '-1i:0»00'^l>.CO—'fO _ - -._.. _ ^ _- - oooc^cocooeo^-^o^f^c^^■^oo«et*»ocoo505cDcooleo^ooo^ ooaooot^oot^t^i>»oooot^oooioot*t^oO'— iQOCicooooooocao ^9 5 H 6 6 o o o r r; ^ '-^ ^ c '^ ca , ■— . c3 Qo • ■ -s ■§ -i -a •" •« • -^s . .- . .^ .^ .(i; . . z^- • -s^ •§ • .§§ 'MC^^aJ(NO-HiC)Oi-i»0(NC^iC,-i|>C^i-HC^^fO 1-1 OCOrHTj^.-HTfOCl'M'-H 10 !=1 O fl o ' o C/J w CO w •o w kn U4 Q W o <1J (1, 03 K >. Ph C3 c < 1 — I (X) •01) C3 u 0) > <1 o S :3 o (^ -a Cvi_<^rt 00000 CO 10 CO 00 < r^oo cct^ t^0OC«3>O COT)<^ 1 -d 0000 00 10 10 00 000 ==-s OOC<1 00« CO t^ -^a- CO cq og C-l '- T} c 3 >ra or~o OCOiO^ 000 —• CO t^ t^ 10 id U^ 03 fcl o gen Free Ex- tract. oocots ra t^ a>_it^ COCOC-1 iTN ai'^i t^ t^f^ CO ■z ■ooo ^-5 COO^l CO 0 00 fC 10 (Mt^ ■# (^ 05 • fe ■3 3 0 05 00-* t^ — oooo— ■ ^000 co>raci -* CO t^ co»o »CQO >0 fc< 1 -d 0000 0000 000 3-^ o§ "d Ah c 3 0 T— C^ 0 05 00 CO-rt^ .rtn C-5 0 -f (M CO 10 lOOlO C^l W— T-. i; 10 TO 000 -H rfTfCO COMCO ^ "COt^OO -Ht^OO t^ 3 C3 0 3 0 . •0 • S 0 0 OS a ^ c3 . . "o 0 -3 20 ° • =« -^ •3^ ■ • =3^§ Purina Mills St. Albans G John Shea Stanley Woo OM m C aj2 :z: 1£p £ <^ " Blatehf Park & Purina Ryde & •a 0 (jj . • . b C en 09 - Meal k' Feec ality 0 u Q a Hog a Pig Chow more Pig F 3 Pig Feed rred Pig Fee Calf iford's ns Milkade a Calf Cho\ 8 Cream Qi cellaneous Grains 3 Midds. Mixed Feed Purin Wirtl Shea' Prefe Blatc Steve Purin Ryde Mis Dried Palm Apex S 3 2; (M.-H -H -H "H ■^— 1 !M ^^^ fen ^ mi^oo coiflcq-* TOOJCO CO CO CO CO 000 0000 u^ 0 00 Co CO^CO OOCO^ — ■ 00U5— 1 CJiOO m-*U^T)< X500 0000 -HOrt lO-H CO t^ooco cq 04 t^a>aa 0 ■ 0 -6 -O ^30 5 Sr" _o_^ -C00001C^OO'-l ooooooooooooo COt^00030000t>-COOOt^OiOCOO Tf< Tf ^ CO lO lO t* -^ »0 -^ '^ CD Tt< oooooooooooo oo , (MfMiOOC^OiCltNOiC^fM ceo CO CD^Mt-^ CM COO^ C^ ^ CM -rf CO CJOOO^O'-H^O —"-' ^ — « ^ o 05010 ^ o oico o o ^-i 1— I O i— I C<1 !>• lO CO 1— I O T-< 00 lO CO 05 oo Ol 00 oo I>- O 00 t>- 00 Oi Oit^ COCD'^'^u:300a5'-HCDCDCOW30Tt<^ ■^■^»OiOiO^W5-^'«*'»0'^COCO»0'Tt< oooooooooooo-^oo cJO'-JcOi-iTt*CDCO'*CMCMTt-COCOCMt^"^l>-OsOOO .— iCMr— IIOCDOOOCMOC^1COCMO-C5 CDCOCOiOiOCOcOcDCDcOcOCOCDiOtC OO COO CO 0 00*00000000 '^'^COC0 -*< ■^ CDC oo OiT-HC o r— is '-'.S fl cl m bO . MQ oSji'O— ' ci b '-' " «,9 o Of^^ !: ? '^ 3 S c a ^ o ' vi:^M c5 o ^j ■ -i-i s^ O O QJ 2^ ^W »^ o »3 CSCC ^u-i-g^o X 6 a o 5 N a o • d fl [-1 £2 mO^ o BoO f^ 'T' T^ rn -« ^ !> 1^ O ■^•2 S 3 § SO 3:3 o g oawP or ^ OK m lC a; fl ■Ofc. T3^ i ^ TD M *? 3 & ._£3M >> q 0) 3 fa >;5§ at;;- *^ .So .■=! 3 2" O; o o ^ O a> §fafa r^ -^ ^ OCBM £ oj'o M 2 " (D o faO ;3 S-i^S S^i " a ° 4^ 2 o o ^^-^ o o o q o ■ 'fa -"-jjm o fa o o-_. CM o. c3 ^ (O-r! >fa ISO o-^ ^=3mS Sjo-" !N>-ic-icqc^-#coco>-i.-ic^?qc>) i-nC-HO).-i^T-iT»<(MCl'-li-i T-ii0i-lN^i-iT-((MrtC0i-l!M(MOJC0 12 o O Q Q O fX2 |S£H| o s rf 40 lO CO -^ CC IC CO lO t^ C^ 00 00 CO CO CO CO ^ C*3 »C lO CO CO M« *>• --(f lO ^ o oo ooo ooooouoo oo o oooooooo oo ooo 0(N (M OC^liC»00000 lOiOO (M C^ (M CO Cq C^ (M CO <>1 CO W tP ■**< W C• '— ' O O eO C<3 CO CO ■^ 1— I C^ Tt- Oi i>- »o O O CO ^ t^ C^ ■— ' t^ d c^ COCOC^COCO"^COCOCOTt'Oooo oo ooo OOaiOasOOCsaiOscOOC^'-* OOOiOOOOiOiOOOiOseOOJ OOC^-^ Of:0'*iC0=:0C0C-HC0OO0500 COOiO OOOOiOs00050rt«OC^i— ' OiOSOidOiOSC^I^HCsOCOCO OOCO"^ iO»001t~*Oit£>OOOCOCOCO'-'00 O^Olt^OOSOTt^OSC^Tfl^ -^Noo TfiOcDTfCOCOiC^Ol— •lO'— tO ■TfW.JKck£i5« •r3 o pJJ i-jJ ft, fe moo "52 m.S.S O g s 2 ££' — ■ o o^ „ QQC3K « J; t3 bC y S », '^ §Sx o to ^ ^ .-H ^ IM -* C-) r » 'H c-1 c^ « 1-1 --I -r "-I n M ^ i-i c) c^i c^ c^ 13 OO OOOOOOOOOOOOCDOOOiCOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiC ^ to '^ CO Tf CO lO lO : 3COCOcOiC»0»0»0 OcO"^i— "MQOCOOOt^OiiOM't^^^OcOfOCCtO I-^-iOtOiOiC-^iO-^iOiO^OtOiOtOiOcOiOLOiO looooooooooooomoooo CO'^CO'*'^Tf»OiOTfCOiOCOCv3eO'^Tt- O -^ '— ' IM 00 t^ CO CI O -— ' Ol (M T-( CO CO CI C-l lOiO TtHOfOCDOOCOOOCO'OOOOOiO'^coOCOOOCO ^,_,^,-i^GS)'-iC-)'-".-i^^.— .dCJi-HiTlCl^ -J^cOOiO'^^OSC^^HCOf-iiO-^'-HOii-nOM 0i00as00030000OCit--0iOOCi00OcD0i OSCT>C^'^»OOOit^O'-(OCOOOO^-'-, O c IJ o M 6 «d:SO csO 3^0 oooffi o o . M ttf-' .5.9 ^' <^«5 c c cO o o . CO r-^»^ r^ '^ "^ .— Ci( ^u 0 6 c M 0-- c • • ° 6 .S M oiTl Oo d OS lillin Mill tt Mi Co. rCo. sCo. O -t^ K' --^ _ Wt^O . o . a; m p"^ . » ^ n E:* . . °3 "^.SS air-g g'B.S- '^Sog CO(S< fficqoO-g o i .« cS c3 1 S 3 i^.S. eel's G c3 'C "C -i. t^ o £ 3 3 :iK- 0; t.Orn.'^J'-^.'rt^^r'-i mOO 5;^ s i5«owwo;>a<5w2;pHWiiHrtcc': wcl. (N(NCO(N'-''-> a c HH <1 HH l|^£ OS 14 OOOOOO 0 0000 000»«OCOiOOOOOOiOOO»COOO'^0 0 CO'-OiO-*'— «C^5 COCCC5'^0»-lOt>-iOCDCDt^OOOW5000I>.t^C^iOCOOO(N'-HCO »r3T«rt"'**'«0>0 ■*fiO»C'^'*iO»0'^»0'^-^»0'^'**i'Tf»0»0'^»0»OTj'iO'^'^»CTt-'i>-ooosooo3oor^oot^ooooooo,§ SO a S^" 0*^00000 ' ^HP£lpq<; g goOOOO^ £ d S O g>>a£«a ■X ■ '^^ 'k ■ ^s-i . - - . ^ «Hoooo>-:;wMaH-i^H^>-ii-:;oQ> c3 Oi ]^ 7iMQQ^§<;-S ■; § >,t^*. ^ b=s"t;o i) mO g-g a £3-5 o 03 -a S ^'-*Tt*03'-H'c»oo^^-x^c»':ocx)^^aiOi^-^o:I>•t^ClCOc^^ooo5C»o»o^^ooaiOOcx)'-HO^ cocDiocDwo i-Hicasio*«»-iooiO'-Hi-HiC'^ooscoo30'-H'-H^j'-HWcDecio5cO'-HOQOO'^coo*-^^t^»«co ooooc^oo oo^-'-HCQCocO'-r^co»oo ccoooiOccoococoo-^ooooc^io:rt-cooO'— ooa5»oc^ioioc<)Mor^'--»C'-^cococ:co^^■*C'^ooo5GOtoc»oco':0'^c^c^'X)oocD^o■^l>^ OOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOOOO Ciooioooo ooo<:ooco=DOiO^--oc^JOO»oo^^ooclOC:ooooooo-Hccooool^^c^c>»f:^|>•oooooD<>ooo'^^^* oot^-^o«c>oi Tt^lOCsc^lO■^t^^--Oi^^^*>o■^oc'^cn^^l^^lr^^coc^■^■^ocs^^l-^o■-^oc^]Oc^OlO■-t^»0(^J^^ oit^ic-^'^'— I c^^HC-^'^c^^H^-o5Cococ^c^---Hl^>-HGO'--lOo;c•^1-Ha^.— .t'-ooocjGO'— 'Olt^coo^^c^^c^ Mrtt-^irst^-io cceO"^oooiOcocD^^*ccoa»-loooo<:o^o^ooolOoeoo^H•^cDcolO"^eO'--*lO^*l^^ocCl^-•r-^co^•■^050 COOiOOOt^OO 00CXI^*G0Q000O^0000^*01i>•0i^^00000000CS00iC)OiOiOSOit*O5000i00CnGCI>■O00^-00C0C0000i^^O . . o . d • • 6 o* o . • • o o ... . . . o .X ^ • o fl o d dsa^ . . d 0 . . -rS^ «^ o" a „" oi.a' ^aa . . -§ • -S . • - . . . ■ c o'ts d-S fe |§tKO 053t3° °° . '^ . ^ ^■^■=6f^f=^:2 t; S d o d o '^ Q-S o(3^o ^ ll^w^l -IKW g|««« t| i S-^l-^-s ? 5 dH^ i iB^^^d^.|< o s § U^< p § I .35 a >. d >. o3 O d W-«3ci, & "Cm 4q rt o. .!Z} 3 b^^ 1^ rt S3 d a d.' = d be =j "^ — <2 o d d' S d o'^; l2 £ o o . ud^< "5 2hJ dr5=^«^'5^ ^£^S'^|o^^«d'^ -K,hMin_r3 ^ Meg p^^ t, c 5'?d.o>'>.Sg^|>'M'§ M§^ • >,<; 03 "S o a C „ t. SP-i.aa'-' • r^-i ' d ei «3 M-L-S a » d M d 3 o3 Hi t^ 03 03 o3f^eL,25 a; o K o M d S cs 0) c3 >.S M d f >- oi o — ? >1 O IrH I-' i-H(N"-iiMmM'-i r-((N.-(C^(Nr-(i-> C3 1— 1 01 ■on rt ui 0^ > < o cvj^^.ijit^toio 00 t^ t^a5iOccTt-OiOTf*oo»C(M»c:D-- CO ir^ t^ t^ < fa ^-3 3 *- 03 0»000»000 0 10 lOiOOiCOOUtiiOiCOOOOOOO ^^^^iO-^-. CO CD CM ■*!< IlO CO 0 '^ 00 OS -^ CO 00 M* CM 00 t^ 00 t^ 00 00 00 00 t^ 050 ^ -— ' CROiO OOCM CSCi 0^ OSO 3 'a c 0) 3 i..3 6^66 ^666 fa'^>c>;Zl>'^ "^ ^ oofc'*'^s:fc^,» |-'2Siib»t> ai b, Ex D h m a a a fa "5 . ■ ■ ■ X! '- 3 .S .2 = s 0 -g ■ • ■ -1 ^ M ,; - .S ajs-^ fa ir 1 s-g . -^ . . -s-^ § gs -d ■ -f^^^ -tI • • • -J ip. 1 1 -^ if 2I 1 miii6i -Hi pfSp^^^i fa M ooCwBO>Otfmfa^QMeqm £ 3 IN M C^ O3O'^t^t^00tO C00303irao — fOOiOCOO)(NiOOOiO(N03tD(Mi-i rttO-foO^r^oDCOr-CMCO ill r^r~.-lTj<003-HCOOOOOXlOO TtlT)< 003C>qiO-i(>) 0 IS dS a ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooo lO O to O *0 iO O lO O »0 »0 O »0 »0 O >C »0 O O O O 10 lO lO O >0 LO o o o >o o loco-^otO'^^.'j^tOi.oio-^cDcot^r^iO-^O'rf.ioio -^loco-^rocc^cc"^'^'^ T3 a d OOt--0'HC0 rtLOCJ-i-CCM^OOCiOO iO03^C5O0003O fe •oil CS u a o u n o U o o i-:i g W i-H 'f C<1 Kl 00 ooqic OM >-i o :3 ^_irtO -i-M^OX^ ■* t> m c^ (N Cl yj fe d . c3 2< oooo oooooo OOOOO o o 000>0 lOOiOiOOO OOOOO \r o 3 S C-l IM C^ CM IM Tf TO O Pd O d ■-Ht^^O (NOOi-iO^ oO(Mi> CMC; -* 'I' i-HO^o lomot^O'-i CO --I M lO (N lO ^^ f^ TtiiOTttTf -^ r)< lO M< "O lO OJ(N (N(N(N •o CO d o ■ ■ ■ o . o 3 &&^ •csa^ c 'P. •J|§ .^o -O^ Hinckley Rendering Co. Lowell Rendering Co. . Springfield Rendering Co Worcester Rendering Co Worcester Rendering Co. Jas. F. Morse & Co. New England By-Pro New England By-Pro New England Dressed Norton Tallow Co. Portland Rendering C John Reardon & Sons N. Roy & Son . Springfield Rendering Worcester Rendering d O d 1 O d d O 3 Ti O "3 O • • ■ •§ o jd -a _: d -Cor eat a Bone Feed d is — . o ':3 s. S^W £f^ p H CS nd Bone Scraps t Scraps Grade ' M y Feed Scraps VI eat and try Feed r Poultry Bone. le Bone Me Meal ne Meal ter Bone M ter Cracked ft- c. fe Meat a y Food eal Meat Seal Mea y Scrap I's High try Food nd Poultr sn's Beef Steamed field Poul Worceste = Ch ey Edib 38 Bone field Bo Worces Worces -3 o o Si Oj 2 Hinckl Peerle Spring Royal Royal U ^ ^ s C -ct 0»-iOiO*^0'^0 t^oOOOOOcD'-HINOtDt^iOOOmosO-it'C lO 10 "C O 00 O M 10 CC O O OJ « O O lO o (NC^J-^Mt^iOCDiMCO C<5 t^ »-i lO O C^ O O OOOIIMOOCOOOOO OOCO'ccoooco-^ooco ■^ »o -Tf "^ "^ "^ ro ■O'OiOM'NNCllN'-i t^000ffl'-<00000 i-(»-lO"^COC^lOiOOiOO mooiO'^ffloocoooo'^'OOOO'OO ^O^MC^OiCOOOCOOOOOiOiOiOO'NO oocsMioor^MtO'^O'^ro lOiOiOOOiOOOOOO-^OiOiOOOO t^rtCi-*i0030500lMi >i c3 ^ « o 29 Directory of Manufacturers who Registered Feedingstuffs for Sale in the State in 1925. Advance Milling Co., Chicago, 111. The Akron Feed & Milling Co., Akron, Ohio. (Registered by Ricard & Cote.) E. T. Allen Co., Box 951, Atlanta, Ga. The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Linseed Co., 297 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Maize-Products Co., 41 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. American Milling Co., Peoria, 111. A. P. Ames Co., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Archer Daniels Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Atkinson Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Aunt Jemima Mills Co., St. Joseph, Mo. E. W. Bailey & Co., Montpelier, Vt. Baldwin Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ballard & Ballard Co., Louisville, Ky. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. The Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Auburn, N. Y. The Berg Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Big Diamond Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Black Rock Milling Corp., Black Rock, N. Y. (Registered by The Park & Pollard Co., Inc.) Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. Boutwell Milling & Grain Co., Troy, N. Y. Eugene B. Bowen, Cheshire, Mass. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Company of North America.) The Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain Co., Lynn, Mass. Caledonia Mills Inc., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Champion Milling & Grain Co., Clinton, Iowa. Chapin & Co., Box 815, Chicago, 111. Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. The Coles Co., 138 Main St., Middletown, Conn. CoUis Products Co., Clinton, Iowa. The G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Owen Coogan & Sons, Pittsfield, Mass. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery PL, New York, N. Y. J. B. Cover & Co., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Ltd., and Western Canada Flour Mills, Ltd.) Crookston Milling Co., Crookston, Minn. Crosby Milling Co., Brattleboro, Vt. Sumner Crosby & Son, Inc., 69 Dorchester Ave., Boston, Mass. Howard A. Grossman Co., 35 Chapel St., Needham, Mass. Cunningham Grain Co., Maiden, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Framingham, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Lowell, Mass. The Cutler Co., N. Wilbraham, Mass. S. P. Davis, Little Rock, Ark. John W. Day & Co., 184 Oxford St., Lynn, Mass. Decatur Milhng Co., Decatur, 111. 30 Delaware Mills, Inc., 88 Front St., Deposit, N. Y. The Denver Alfalfa Milling & Products Co., Lamar, Col. The Albert Dickinson Co., Chicago, 111. F. Diehl & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. P. A. Doherty, 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Dominion Flour Mills, Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Duluth-Superior Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. Duluth Universal Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers' Exchange, E. Bridgewater, Mass. (Registered by East- ern Grain Co.) Eastern Grain Co., Bridgewater, Mass. (Registered also for East Bridgewater Farmers' Exchange, and James H. Nye Co.) Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Springfield, Mass. B. A. Eckhart Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Elevator Milling Co., Springfield, 111. J. O. EUison & Co., Haverhill, Mass. Elmore Milling Co., Oneonta, N. Y. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213-215 State St., Boston, Mass. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Pa. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Waseca, Minn. The Fairchild Milling Co., 1635 Merwin St., Cleveland, Ohio. The Fairmont Creamery Co., Omaha, Neb. Frank A. Fales & Co., Norwood, Mass. Federal Mill & Elevator Co., Inc., Lockport, N. Y. The Fleischmann Co., 699 Washington St., New York, N. Y. William F. Fletcher, Southwick, Mass. Flory Milling Co., Inc., Bangor, Pa. E. & A. M. FuUerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. Gait Flour Mills Ltd., 67 Yonge St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. The James Goldie Co., Ltd., 67 Yonge St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Grain Belt Mills Co., S. St. Joseph, Mo. Grain Marketing Co. (Business transferred to Rosenbaum Bros.) D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Greene Chick Feed Co., 1 Sewall St., Marblehead, Mass. Hales & Hunter Co., Chicago, 111. William Hamilton & Son, Inc., Caledonia, N. Y. Hayes Grain & Commission Co., Little Rock, Ark. Hecker H-0 Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker- Jones- Jewell Milling Co., 50 Corlears St., New York, N. Y. W. B. Herrick, Beverly, Mass. The W. D. Higgins Co., Framingham, Mass. Hinckley Rendering Co., Somerville, Mass. H-0 Cereal Co., Inc. (Business transferred to Hecker H-0 Co., Inc.) D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Rockport, Mass. The Home Soap Co., 103 Webster St., Worcester, Mass. E. C. & W. L. Hopkins, Greenfield, N. H. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. J. C. Hubinger Bros. Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Inc., Memphis, Tenn. International Glue Co., E. Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. (Registered also for Robin Hood Mills.) International Sugar Feed Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Jaquith & Co., Woburn, Mass. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek, Mich. 31 Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Kelloggs & Miller, Amsterdam, N. Y. H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) The Larabee Flour Mills Corp., Security Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. The Larrowe Milling Co., 8047 Hamilton Ave., Detroit, Mich. Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Co., Lawrenceburg, Ind. Lewis Grain Corp., Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. Loudonville Milling Co., Loudonville, Ohio. Louisville Milling Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., N. Billerica, Mass. Mackenzie & Winslow. (Registered by St. Albans Grain Co.) The Mann Bros. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Mansfield Milling Co., P. 0. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Mapl-Flake Mills Inc., Chicago, 111. Marbleridge Grain Co., N. Andover, Mass. Marianna Sales Co., Memphis, Tenn. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., Box 934, Springfield, Mass. The Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., hyim, Mass. Maurer Manufacturing Co., P. 0. Box 365, Newark, N. J. W. T. McLaughlin Co., 16 Railroad St., W. Roxbury, Mass. Meech & Stoddard, Inc., Middletown, Conn. Mellin's Food Company of North America, 177 State St., Boston, Mass. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros.) Memphis Cottonseed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn. J. E. Merrick & Co., Amherst, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 47 Moodj^ St., Waltham, Mass. The Midland Flour Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. Miner-Hillard Milling Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. Jas. F. Morse & Co., Boston, Mass. Mosley & Motley Milling Co., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milling Co.,"Mt. Vernon, Ind. Mystic Milling & Feed Co., Rochester, N. Y. Mystic Mills, Sioux City, Iowa. The Narragansett Milling Co., E. Providence, R. I. National Cottonseed Products Corp., Memphis, Tenn. The National Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. R. N. Neal & Co., Memphis, Tenn. New England By-Products Corp., 20 West St., Lawrence, Mass. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co. ,41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Carson Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. Newton Feed Co., Box 683, Milwaukee, Wis. Niagara Falls Milling Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. North Dakota State Mill and Elevator Assn., Grand Forks, N. D. The Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Northwest Hay Assn., Yakima, Wash. Norton Tallow Co., Horace St., Somerville, Mass. Nowak Milling Corp., Hammond, Ind. James H. Nye Co., Brockton, Mass. (Registered by Eastern Grain Co.) Ogden Grain Co., Utica, N. Y. The Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, C^anada. Old ReUable Milling Co., 609 Donovan Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Ontario Milling Co., Inc., Oswego, N. Y. The Park & Pollard Co., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. 32 The Park & Pollard Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. (Registered also for Black Rock Milling Corp.) George H. Parker Grain Co., Danvers, Mass. The Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pa^vtucket, R. I. Penick & Ford, Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Geo. P. Plant Milhng Co., St. Louis, Mo. Plymouth Milling Co., Le Mars, Iowa. Portland Rendering Co., Portland, Me. Postum Cereal Co., Inc., Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter & Sons, Greenfield, Mass. Pratt Food Co., Philadelphia, Pa. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills. (Registered by Ralston Purina Co.) The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Quisenberry Feed Manufacturing Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. L. A. Randall, 89 Canal St., Boston, Mass. John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge, Mass. Geo. H. Reed, S. Acton, Mass. Ricard & Cote, New Bedford, Mass. (Registered for The Akron Feed & Milling Co.) Robin Hood Mills Ltd., Moose Jaw & Calgary, Canada. (Registered by Internationa] Milling Co.) Wm. M. Robinson, Dorchester, Mass. Estate of Moses H. Rolfe, Newburyport, Mass. Ropes Brothers, Salem and Danvers, Mass. Rosenbaum Bros., 208 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. N. Roy & Sons, S. Attleboro, Mass. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Ryde & Co., Chicago, 111. Ryther & Warren, BelchertowTi, Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. The St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. St. Paul Mining Co., St. Paul, Minn. The Scholl Co., 23 Central St., Newark, N. J. B. F. Schwartz & Co., Inc., Produce Exchange, New York, N. Y. John Shea, LawTence, Mass. The Sheets Elevator Co., Cleveland, Ohio. The Shredded Wheat Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Allen V. Smith, Marcellus Falls, N. Y. The Southwestern Milling Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. H. C. Southworth, W. Stoughton, Mass. Sparks Milling Co., Alton, 111. Spratt's Patent (America) Ltd., 18 Congress St., Newark, N. J. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111. Star & Crescent Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Hagerstown, Md. F. W. Stock & Sons, Hillsdale, Mich. David Stott Flour Mills, Detroit, Mich. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. Syracuse Milling Co., P. 0. Box 141, Syracuse, N. Y. Thomas-Boyce Feed Co., Attica, N. Y. Thompson Milling Co., Lockport, N. Y. Thorndike Grain Co., 15 Thorndike St., Lowell, Mass. Thornton & Chester Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Tioga Mill & Elevator Co., Waverly, N. Y. The Ubiko Milhng Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. United Flour & Feed Co., Inc., Albany, N. Y. 33 George Urban Milling Co., 332 N. Oak St., Buffalo, N. Y. Valley City Milling Co., Grand Rapids and Portland, Mich. Victor Flour Mills, Inc., Pittsford, N. Y. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Washburn Crosby Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Wayland Grain Co., Wayland, Mass. H. K. Webster Co., Lawrence, Mass. Otto Weiss Milling Co., Wichita, Kan. West Bay City Sugar Co., Bay City, Mich. Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Winnipeg, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Wetherbee Grain Co., Gardner, Mass. John J. White Co., S. Boston, Mass. Arthur N. Whittemore & Co., Worcester, Mass. The Whittemore Co., Harrison St., Roslindale, Mass. The Wilkinson Grain Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Est. M. G. W^illiams, Taunton, Mass. Wilson & Co., Chicago, 111. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. A. K. Zinn & Co., 36 Liberty St., Battle Creek, Mich. Supplementary List of Manufacturers whose Products were collected be- tween Sept. 1, 1924, and Jan. 1, 1925. Registered in 1924 but not in 1925. Amendt Milling Co., Monroe, Mich. Astoria Flouring Mills Co., Astoria, Ore. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Commercial Milling Co., Detroit, Mich. Copeland Flour Mills Ltd., Midland, Ontario, Canada. F. L. Cressey & Co., Boston, Mass. Donahue-Stratton Co., 414 Mitchell Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. Empire Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Farmers Feed Co., 532 East 76th St., New York, N. Y. Foster Grain Co., Lowell, Mass. The Grafton Roller Mill Co., Grafton, N. Dak. Hunt Bros., Ltd., London, Ontario, Canada. Chas. A. Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Hyman Krivoff, 225 Kempton St., New Bedford, Mass. Peterborough Cereal Co., Ltd., Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Prairie State Milling Co., Chicago, 111. E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 33 DECEMBER, 1925 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and George B. Dalrymple This publication is the fifty-second report of the fertilizer inspection work of Massachusetts. Of the 86 firms that have registered fertilizers for sale in the state, about 46 per cent have offices in Massachusetts; the remainder are widely distributed through fourteen states, with two from England and one from Canada. This wide diversity of interest, accompanied by a cor- respondingly great variety of formula mixtures, with its attendant multiplicity of fertilizer chemicals and crude stock products which are ever on the increase, emphasizes the importance of an annual, detailed, unbiased fertilizer control. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 3M 12-'25 Order 3733 CONTROL SERVICE. (A sub-division of the Department of Chemistry, J. B. Lindsey, Chemist.) INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1925. BY H. D. HASKINS, OFFICIAL CHEMIST, ASSISTED BY L. S. WALKER AND GEORGE B. DALRYMPLE.i MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS. During the season of 1925, 86 manufacturers and their subsidiaries, importers and dealers, registered 567 brands of fertihzer and fertilizing materials in Massa- chusetts. Their general character is as follows: Complete fertilizers .... Ammoniated superphosphates Superphosphates with potash Pulverized manures .... Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish Chemicals and organic nitrogen compounds Wood ashes ..... 349 7 1 15 65 127 3 567 An earnest endeavor is made to secure a representative sample of every brand registered. Four sampling agents, beginning the last of March, as soon as fertilizer stocks are being freely delivered to local agents, are continued through the months of April, May and the first part of June, until practically the whole state has been covered. Many of the chemicals and crude stock materials listed as not being collected were not sold unmixed, but were used in special mixtures made at the consumer's order. The brands not sampled are hsted below. Brands of Fertilizer Not Sampled. Manufacturer and Brand Grade Manufacturer and Brand Grade The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Agrico Fertilizer for Potatoes Brack's Lawn & Garden Dressing Cereal Mixture ... Complete Potato Mixture . Farquhar's Lawn Fertilizer . Farquhar's Vegetable & Potato Fertilizer . . . , Listers Potato Manure Listers 4-8-4 Fertilizer Peerless Potato Manure 9% Ground Tankage . Ground Untreated Phosphate Rock Kainit . . . . . American Cyanamid Co. Ammo Phos . . . . 4-8-6 6-6-4 2-12-4 3-8-4 6-6-4 4-8-4 4-8-7 4-8-4 4-8-7 9-9.15-0 •o-ao.ss-o 0-0-14 20-20-0 Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Corn & All Crops 2-8-2 . Liberty Corn Fruit and All Crops 2-12-4 Liberty Fish Bone & Potash 3-10-4 Liberty Top Dresser for Grass & Grain 10-31^-8 Carbonate Potash Cotton Seed Meal Cyanamid . . . . Double Sulphate Potash & Magne- sia . . . . . Manure Salts . . . . Sulphate of Ammonia Armour Fertilizer Works. Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 4-16-4 2r8-2 2-12-4 3-10-4 10-3.5-8 0-0-61 8-0-0 25-0-0 0-0-26 0-0-20 25-0-0 4-16-4 ' E. W. Martin assisted in the phosphoric acid laboratory for about two months, and F. J. Kokoski in the nitrogen laboratory three months. Brands of Fertilizer Not Sampled — Continued. Manufacturer and Brand Grade Manufacturer and Brand Grade Armour Fertilizer Works. — Con. Henry James & Son, Inc. Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 2-8-3 2-8-3 8-0-6 8-6-0 King Chemical Co. Bowker Fertilizer Co. King 8-6-0 . . . . 8-6-6 Bowker's New England Cereal Fertilizer .... 2-12-4 Kuttroff. Pickhardt & Co., Inc. Bowker's New England Corn Floranid (Urea BASF) 56-0-0 Fertilizer .... 3-10-6 Bowker's New England Top Maine Farmers Exchange Dressing .... 8-6-6 "M.F.E." Brand 16% Acid Phos- phate . . . . . 0-16-0 Joseph Breck & Sons. Corp. British Basic Slag Meal 0-15. lS-0 Middlesex County Farm Bureau Sulphate of Ammonia . 24.32-0-0 The E. D. Chittenden Co. Chittenden's Potato Special 6% The National Fertilizer Co. Potash 4-8-6 National Aroostook Special Ferti- lizer . . . . . 5-8-7 The Coe-Mortimer Co.. Inc. National Excelsior Potato Ferti- E. Frank Coe's Celebrated Special lizer ..... 4-6-10 Potato Fertilizer 4-8-4 E. Frank Coe's Double Strength New England Dressed Meat & Potato Manure 5-7-10 Wool Co. E. Frank Coe's New England Bone Fertilizer .... 2.75-13-0 Cereal Fertilizer 2-12-4 E. Frank Coe's New England Top The Rogers & Hubbard Co. Dressing .... 8-6-6 3-12-3 3-12-3 E. Frank Coe's New Englander 4-8-4 4-8-4 Special ..... 1-8-2 Hubbard's Strictly Pure Fine Bone . 4-20.5-0 E. Frank Coe's Potato & Truck Manure .... 5-8-7 N. Roy & Son Estate E. Frank Coe's Special Grass Top Odorless Garden & Lawn Dressing 6-15-0 Dressing .... 6-6-4 Ground Bone .... 3.65-20-0 Country Club Golf & Lawn Ferti- lizer Brand "A" 8-4-2 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Country Club Golf & Lawn Ferti- Royster's Verbena Guano 5-8-5 lizer Brand "B" 8-5-3 Consolidated Rendering Co. Ground Bone .... 2.5-20-0 M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Shoemaker's "Swift-Sure" Special Tobacco Formula . 4-8-5 Tankage 9-20 .... 9-9.15-0 "Swift-Sure" Super-Phosphate John C. Dow Co. 5-8-7 Potato Special 5-8-7 Dow's Garden Fertilizer 4.. 5- 12-0 Springfield Rendering Co. Essex Fertilizer Co. Special Lawn & Shrub Fertilizer . 5-5-5 Essex Special Tobacco 5-4-5 5-4-5 United States Guano Co. The L. T. Frisbie Co. Standard United States Grain Frisbie's Special 3-8-4 3-8-4 Grower ..... 2-8-2 Frisbie's Tobacco Manure 5-8-6 . 5-8-0 Standard United States Royal Potato Grower 4-8-7 A. W. Higgins, Inc. Standard United States Tankage . 10-4.5-0 Old Deerfield Dry Fish 10-5-0 Old Deerfield Sulfate of Potash Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. Magnesia .... 0-0-26 (of Delaware) Old Deerfield Tankage 9- .5-0 V-C National Brand . 4-8-10 Old Deerfield Tankage 1 1 % 11-5-0 Sheep Manure .... 2.09-1.5-1.5 International Agricultural Corp. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co, Cotton Seed Meal 43% 8-0-0 Wilcox Dry Ground Fish 11-5-0 The splendid spirit of cooperation shown by the majority of the manufacturers in promptly registering brands of fertilizer for which a belated demand was made, is fully appreciated by the control officials. There is still, however, some delay on the part of a few in promptly registering such brands. A somewhat better cooperation is also hoped for with reference to the prompt declaration of tonnage reports when due. COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. The inspectors were assigned territory as follows : James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden and Hampshire counties; George H. Kelton, Worcester County; William Ginn, Norfolk, Bristol, Plymouth and Barnstable counties; and Samuel J. Wright, Middlesex, Essex and Suffolk counties. The season was normal, shipments having been freely made prior to April 1, when the sampling agents began their work. The following statistics are noted with reference to the 1925 fertilizer collection: 18,399 sacks were sampled, representing 6,360 tons of fertilizer and fertilizing materials; 226 towns were visited; 1,479 samples, representing 491 distinct brands, were drawn from stock found in the possession of 460 agents or owners ; at 377 other agencies no samples were taken, 73 being discontinued since last year, and the others having no stock on hand at the time the inspector called. FERTILIZER VALUATIONS. The wholesale quotations on unmixed crude stock fertiUzer materials have not shown a wide fluctuation during the season, nor as compared with the previous year. The following average quotations were compiled from data given in the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter and Drug and Chemical Markets. Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Raw Materials. Average Pr ce per Ton for Six Months Preceding March 1 1924 1925 Ammonium sulfate (double bags f.o.b. New York) ..... $61 15 $59 56 Nitrate of soda (15.6% nitrogen) .... 49 39 49 84 Dried blood (12.34% mtrogen) .... 61 32 59 11 Tankage (8.23% nitrogen, 6.86% PaOs) . 37 82 36 55> Dry ground fish (9.05% nitrogen, 6.86% PjOe) 53 20 58 122 Cottonseed meal (5.76% nitrogen) 40 61 35 913 Ground steamed bone (2.47% nitrogen, 22.88% PjOs) 28 77 26 36< Acid phosphate (16%,) 8 14 8 882 Muriate of potash (50.54% K2O) .... 32 74 34 31 High-grade sulfate of potash (48.65% K2O) . 42 80 45 55 Kainit (14% K2O) 7 34 10 071 1 Bulk, f.o.b. New York City. 2 Bulk, f.o.b. Baltimore. ' Cottonseed meal, 7.20% nitrogen, was delivered in Connecticut Valley districts for $48 to $50, cash ; castor pomace, 4.52% nitrogen, was delivered for $30 to $34, cash, making unit cost of nitrogen $7, or 35 cents per pound. * F.o.b. Chicago. The following schedule of fertilizer trade values was adopted by the Massachu- setts fertihzer control for 1925. Where quotations are made on bulk commodities and at points widely removed from New York and New England centers, an allowance is made for bags and labor of bagging as well as for freight. In all cases 20 per cent overhead is added to all wholesale quotations before calculating the trade values. Fertilizer Trade Values for 1925. Form of Plant Food Value per Pound Unit Value Nitrogen In ammonia salts .... In nitrates ...... Organic nitrogen in fish, blood and meat Organic nitrogen in fine' bone and tankage Organic nitrogen in coarse* bone and tankage Organic nitrogen in mixed fertilizers Organic mtrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. Phosphoric Acid Soluble in water ....... Reverted' ........ In fine bone and tankage and in fish In coarse bone and tankage and in ashes In cottonseed meal and other vegetable meals Insoluble in mixed fertilizers ..... Potash As sulfate ...... As muriate ...... In ashes and organic vegetable products $0 175 19 36 34 27 32 35 06 05 045 035 035 02 055 04 04 $3 50 3 80 1 20 1 00 90 70 70 40 1 10 80 80 1 Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which will without grinding pass through a sieve having circular openings '/so of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to particles which will not pass through the sieve. 2 Dissolved by a neutral solution of ammonium citrate, specific gravity 1.09, in accordance with method adopted by the Association of Ofiicial Agricultural Chemists. FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Total Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in the State. July 1. 1922, to July 1, 1923 July 1, 1923, to July 1, 1924 July 1, 1924, to July 1, 1925 Mixed fertilizers ...... Pulverized natural manures .... Unmixed fertilizing materials .... 46,328 2,341 15,040 44,013 2,112 15,843 44,980 2,195 15,481 Totals 63,709 61,968 62,656 There were 688 tons more fertilizer sold in 1925 than for the previous season; 1,053 tons less than for 1923; 3,330 tons less than for 1922; 1,232 tons less than for the previous three-year average; and 1,160 tons more than for the previous six- year average. The distribution of the tonnage of mixed fertilizers according to grade is shown in the following tables, which also indicate the high and low analysis mixtures. (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Cofnplete Fertilizers. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Available Plant Food) 1 Available Plant Food) Grade Tonnage Brands' Grade Tonnage Brands' 4-8-4 .... 8,910 45 3-9-2 .... 143 _ 5-8-7 7,100 34 7-4-4 . 141 — 5-4-5 6,285 22 6-3-6 . 127 — 3-8-4 3,970 19 6-8-5 . 121 - 4-6-10 1,975 15 6-6-3 . 116 — 4-8-7 1,462 17 3-5-6 . 114 — 7-3-7 986 7 10-16-14 100 — 3-8-3 654 6 5-8-4 . 99 — 6-6-4 596 9 6-10-10 96 — 8-6-6 575 9 6-4-7 . 89 — 3-8-6 564 — 3-7-16 88 . — 3-10-4 510 5 2-10-4 87 — 6-8-7 493 - 2-12-6 83 - 10-3-8 490 — 5-6-3 . 81 — 6-4-4 482 — 5-6-5 . 80 — 5-10-5 450 — 6-4-6 . 68 — 4-8-6 431 7 10-4-2 64 — 7-4-7 420 - 4-6-4 . 55 — 5-8-5 298 6 6-5-5 . 52 — 3-12-3 292 — 1-10-3 52 — 5-4-15 285 - 5-5-5 . 43 - 6-8-10 281 - 6-4-5 . 42 — 3-8-10 274 - 6-6-7 . 35 - 3-10-6 259 — 1-4-15 35 — 3-10-3 252 — 5.75-9-5.75 31 — 7-6-6 242 — 2-8-4 . 31 — 4-8-10 235 - 8-16-8. 28 — 4-10-4 233 - 6-8-2 . 28 — 3-8-8 199 - 7.5-2-10.5 26 — 2-8-10 197 - • 8-12-20 25 — 5-6-7 189 - 2-8-5 . 17 — 7-5-2 173 — 2-12-2 15 — 7-6-5 171 - Special Mixtures 290 — 2-12-4 4-7-5 164 163 8 Miscellaneous 98 16 Totals 42,860 310 Low- Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food) Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food) Grade Tonnage Brands'. Grade Tonnage Brands' 2-8-2 .... 2-8-3 .... 1-8-2 .... 944 636 242 46 17 12 5-6-1 .... 3-8-2 .... Miscellaneous Totals 33 27 72 10 2,000 46 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. 6 (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers — Concluded. Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Available Plant Food) Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food) Grade Tonnage Brandsi Grade Tonnage Brands' 0-12-6 .... 4-10-0 .... Miscellaneous . 31 11 13 3 2.5-9-0 7-4-0 .... Miscellaneous Totals 33 18 14 2 Totals 55 5 65 4 1 The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials and Pulverized Natural Manures. Material Tonnage Brands' Arid phosphate . Nitrate of soda . Pulverized manures Ground bone Cottonseed meal Tankage . Castor pomace . Muriate of potash Dry ground fish Sulfate of ammonia Wood ashes Sulfate of potash Precipitated bone Humus (peat) Phosphate rock . Sulfate of potash-magnesia Ammonium phosphate Carbonate of potash Nitrate of potash Dried blood Kainit Manure salts Totals 4,235 3,364 2,195 1,864 1,210 926 893 706 573 565 418 196 155 128 79 65 32 23 21 15 7 6 17,676 25 25 15 29 13 23 8 15 13 12 210 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. A study of the preceding tables shows : 1. About 72 per cent of the total tonnage sold was mixed goods, and 28 per cent unmixed fertilizing materials. 2. Of the 44,980 tons of mixed fertilizer sold, about 99.7 per cent were com- plete fertilizers, and .3 per cent were ammoniated superphosphates and super- phosphates vnth. potash. 3. Of the 44,860 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 95.5 per cent were high-analysis (14 per cent or over of available plant food), and 4.5 per cent were low-analysis fertilizers (less than 14 per cent available plant food). This shows an increase over 1924 of 6.5 per cent in favor of the high-analysis goods. 4. Of the 42,860 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, about 90 per cent were furnished by 26 grades, and 228 brands, and about 76 per cent were furnished by 10 grades and 183 brands. 5. Of the 2,000 tons of low-analysis complete fertilizers, 91 per cent were fur- nished by 3 grades and 33 brands, and 79 per cent were furnished by 2 grades and 29 brands. 6. The tonnage of unmixed fertilizing materials, exclusive of pulverized manures, ammonium phosphate, and nitrate of potash, was distributed as follows: nitrogen products, 50 per cent; phosphoric acid compounds, 41 per cent; and potash com- pounds, 9 per cent. Distribution of Tonnage as Related to the "New England Standard Nine" Grades of Mixed Fertilizer. "New England Standard Nine" Grades Tonnage Additional Tonnage from Grades Varying but 1% in One or More Plant Foods Total 4-8-4 . 5-8-7 . 5-4-5 . 4-8-6 . 8-6-6 . 3-10-6 2-12-4 3-10-4 0-12-6 8,910 7,100 6,285 431 575 259 164 510 31 5,030 1,959 814 727 413 2 292 572 0 13,940 9,059 7,099 1,158 988 261 456 1,082 31 Totals 24,265 9,809 34,074 A comparison of the above figures with similar data for 1924 shows that an increasingly large tonnage of the "New England Standard Nine" fertilizers is being used by our farmers. About 54 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers sold in Massachusetts during the past year was from the "New England Standard Nine" grades (47 per cent in 1924), and an additional 22 per cent was from grades varying but one per cent from these in one or more elements of plant food. About 11 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was from six grades not recommended in the "New England Standard Nine," the 4-6-10 grade leading with 1,975 tons and 15 brands, followed by the 7-3-7 grade with 986 tons and 7 brands. It is probable that the substitution of a 5-8-7 or a 4-8-6 brand could be made for the 4-6-10 grade without seriously diminishing the crop yield. The 7-3-7 grade is used for tobacco, and apparently represents an effort to secure a larger growth by the use of increased amounts of nitrogen and potash and thus avoid the early topping out frequently noted on old tobacco land, which may be favored by a too liberal use of phosphoric acid. MIXED FERTILIZERS. Summary of Deficiencies. The table headed "Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers" records for each manufacturer the following data: number of brands analyzed and number of brands found equal to guarantee in commercial valuation, — in other words, that did not have a commercial shortage, value of overruns being used to offset value of deficiencies; number and extent of deficiencies found, data being based on tests for nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash. In the tables of analyses found later in the bulletin, those brands having a commercial shortage of |l or over per ton are grouped in a table by themselves, as are also those brands that have been found seriously out of balance through a deficiency or deficiencies accompanied by overruns of some other plant food element. These two groups immediately pre- cede the tables listing brands which were found substantially as guaranteed. Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Number of Brands Number of Tests or Determinations a"* ^ o ^1 ^§ a ately o Guar iommer on a c3 05 ;^ Manufacturer ■3 ^ (3< iC >-'; ^ lO LO ^ O O O O) 1^ i-O M t^ lO Th 'S< C^ 00 CO d 00 CO d CO (N lO 05 05 O 05 Ol Ci O 00 Oi « 1=1 -s « c^ O Tfcoo TjicoOTfOJoo COOJt^ OC5OC0OO a o m O ^ c« "^ O CO •'ti u OOO^ OtDt^OOO OCOOO 01-030COCO o d CO d -H >o d -H CO OOmO COrJC0C^(M C^rtrH (N CO Ol 1-H (N 1-1 "-1 Average Yield of Dry Matter Grams 30.25 17.49 19.22 30.35 55.36 27.62 25.73 34.44 15.81 18.17 a V M o o s o Dried Blood Poultry Manure . Rehmsdorf Tankage Dried Blood Dried Blood Poultry Manure . Rehmsdorf Tankage Dried Blood Washed . Poultry Manure Washed Rehmsdorf Tankage Washed a 1 H a) trogen^ .... trogen .... trogen .... trogen, 1>2 potash and phos- 0 acid .... nitrogen^ .... nitrogen .... nitrogen .... trogen .... trogen .... trogen .... a a a a g^^..s pop '3 '5 '3 '5 ^ o c o'c'S'3 to 5S ftg fl9 o o OT3 -rt 0. .;^ o o ft ft Lh ■a n, a cl jq M ^s _, hn cS'N Cl in 3 a 53 bD -)t5 15 A study of the table suggests the follo\\dng conchisions: 1. With reference to the Poultry Manure: (a) Although the activity of the total nitrogen by the alkaline permanganate method was actually higher, and by the neutral permanganate method almost as high as for dried blood, yet when measured by its crop producing power (yield of dry matter) it showed an availability of 46.25 per cent where the sub-optimum, or smaller amount of nitrogen was used, and under 40 per cent when the optimum or larger amount was used, as compared with dried blood at 80. In other words, on the basis of dry matter recovered, the Poultry Manure gave only 58 per cent as great a yield as did dried blood, where the smaller amount was used, and less than half the yield shown by dried blood where the larger amount was used. (b) On the basis of nitrogen recovered, it showed an availability of 50.38 per cent with the smaller, and less than 42 per cent with the larger nitrogen application, as compared with dried blood at 80. (c) In the studies with the water insoluble nitrogen (the washed product) the alkaline permanganate method classed the insoluble nitrogen as inferior, while the neutral method passed the product as satisfactory. The availabilit}'' of the water insoluble nitrogen on the basis of dry matter recovered was less than 37 per cent, and by nitrogen recovered about 41 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 80. (d) It appears from this test that the high nitrogen availability claimed for this product by the distributors was not fully substantiated. 2. With reference to the Rehmsdorf Tankage: (a) The activity'- of the total nitrogen as measured by the laboratory methods was about 78 per cent by the alkaline and 90.5 per cent by the neutral, as compared with 76.5 per cent and 98.25 per cent for dried blood. The actual availability of the total nitrogen as established by the vegetation test, on the basis of dry matter recovered, was about 51 per cent where the smaller amount of nitrogen was used, and about 37 per cent where the larger amount was used, as compared with dried blood at 80. (b) On the basis of nitrogen recovered it showed an availability of about 54 per cent with the smaller, and about 36 per cent with the larger nitrogen application, as compared with dried blood at 80. (c) In the studies with the water insoluble portion of the product, both laboratory methods passed the product as satisfactory. The actual availability of the Water insoluble nitrogen on the basis of dry matter recovered was about 42 per cent; and on the basis of nitrogen recovered, about 43.4 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 80. (d) It appears from results secured by this experiment that the quality of the nitrogen furnished by this product was not only very much inferior to that derived from dried blood, but also that it did not measure up to the high quality claimed for the material in the literature put out by the company. Explanation of Tables of Analyses. The column headed "Grade of Fertilizer" gives the minimum guarantee of ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash, always stated in this order. To convert ammonia to equivalent nitrogen, multiply by the factor .82. In the table headed "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton," under the heading "Approximate Commercial Valuation per Ton," is found the sum of the valuation of each plant food element calculated on the basis of analysis and trade values adopted for 1925, which appear on a preceding page of the bulletin. In the same table, under "Approximate Commercial Shortage per Ton," is shown the commercial valuation of the deficiencies or tests found below the guarantee, per ton of fertilizer, the value of overruns being used in all cases to offset valuation of shortages. Under "Nitrogen" the column headed "Proportion in Water Soluble Form" includes both the mineral and the water soluble part of the organic nitrogen, both of which are readily available. Under "Quality of Insoluble Nitrogen" in aU of the tables of mixed fertilizers, passed indicates an acti\'ity of 50 or over by the alkahne and 80 or over by the neutral permanganate method; inferior indicates an activity below 50 and below 80 by the two laboratory methods. All samples are 16 passed which show an activity of the water insoluble nitrogen of 80 per cent or better by the neutral method, even though they may have shown a test below 50 per cent by the alkaline method. All samples are passed which show the sum of the mineral, water soluble organic, and active water insoluble organic nitrogen equiva- lent to the minimum guarantee. In the "Potash" column, "Found," in the tables "Mixtures Showing a Commer- cial Shortage" and "Mixtures Seriously Out of Balance," references to footnotes appear. Many of these refer to the proportion of potash as sulfate and as chloride or muriate. As a usual thing the presence of chlorine in those fertilizers in which the potash is guaranteed as being derived from sulfate is largely traceable to the chlorine found in the sulfate of potash, although other crude stock materials frequently carry an aggregate of .3 per cent of this element. The presence of the chlorine in this class of fertilizers does not, therefore, mean that the manufacturer has actually added muriate of potash, as such, to the mixture. On the other hand, it is reported as muriate of potash for the reason that the presence of the chlorine, whether derived from muriate of potash or other sources, is quite as objectionable in one case as in another if a mixture is desired which is free from chlorine. Under "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of %l or Over per Ton," deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. In those tables headed "Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee" in the column marked "Form of Potash," the word muriate means that enough chlorine was found present to unite with all of the potash (K2O) found, and it is hkely, therefore, that all of the potash was derived from chloride of potash or muriate. Figures in parenthesis following the brand name, in tables headed "Mixtures Substantially Comptying with Guarantee," indicate the number of samples from which the composite sample finally analyzed was drawn. The simplified method of presenting results of analyses of "Mixtures Substan- tially Complying vnth Guarantee" is followed in this bulletin. The detailed results of analysis of any brand inspected will be gladly furnished to any one sufficiently interested to apply for them. The tables are self-explanatory. 17 -4 IB 1 oo Q o 02 0 ^1 oo O q oo 0 paa-juBi^nQ l> -# ^ o do CO 1^ o ■So S1t-I o ^ r*yt OT punoj o c-i OO o o oe 0 lOO o q oo 0 -0 o paa^nBaBno cooJ Tjj t> t-^t^ '^^ •^iin o 00 O-H CO !S-S Eh NOO 03 Ti( lO w »— * o 3 puno^ p ;^' o6^ 10 j3 O oo o o SS 0 &0 oo q o oo 0 O '"' S paa^uBiBtiQ MOO ■* o too -* jq a 3 ^-' _cS oco o o coco t^ 'S oo o t^ 00 "O 0 d o ^ punoj coco t>^ o t^d Tfi oo o oo oo •V t^ C-l o N C<1(N 0 ^"0 0 paa^uBJisriQ lOCO lO CO COCO "*< u rH 0) a m(N vO IT) -^'1' >o >no o >n On© 0 0) fl H8 ptmo^ in«5 rfl «s (H«S ^ o 0) M o ■■^ -73-0 -a -a-c -a o 1— 1 g oraTiSJO aiqn II I CP OJ m "lo'euj }o X:)i|t!nf) (S C3 c3 PL, S c3 PhPh uiaoj; ^ O 9iqnpg J3iT5Ai ^^ ^ -C "~-5~ s~ •oc u at noi^jodojj O'*' --t< 00 -*^ 0 CO-H 05 q ■-Ht^ *H ajn:)S!oj\[ t>^oo •* d aivi •* o J3 t-H o oo 00 t^ COC^I 0 c« nox -lad (M(M o 1-4 oco CO 1— ( aSB^joqg jtjpiaui t-Hi-i ^ CO IMi-< IM ^ -moQ a^Buiixoiddy ^ u a g noj^ 13(1 OO IMCO CI 00 lOiO q noi^'Bni'B^ ^Biowai CO 00 CO oo 00 00 0 -uioQ a^'Bmixojddy 05> o oj C^iM CO o u C3 jazi|t^j8j; JO apBJQ t~rH 1 o OO CO •OC 1 1 COCO 2 1 oo 1 ^1 tl^ 1 TflTtl d *E o (SI 05 0) feS fl a T3 < a o ft B c3 .*^ (I -51i a o A a s M 3 d o g '3 53 cj S .a mH m a WPQ <1 ^ d . . 4. °C) 0 a; a o . . E 01 3 d c! 3 '■+3 '-*2 tn s ,2 o o g g JH ^ M a o ■ ■ ii^ d "OS'S 1 ^ "3 ■!> C_d M o o o aPnP-i S S 0) . d 0 cj « a S f^ 0 is 0. ^ O 03 s 'C °^ ill 'Cii-d Eg Uo NO ti M j^ C3 C3 ■5 "(1) ■ d.2 ^-v °3 =i S S 6 «> ■S a; ° t- u o is 'S u o s o u "H 31 0 N 00 00 CO §"2 0 IC 00 00 00 paa^nBJBnQ M ■* ICIO in 10 CO >^ O o 0 10 00 00 0 0 CO 10 10 00 m paa^uBj'BnQ M t>.' 00 id in 00 "rt 3 m o ^H 0 ■^ l-H 00 re o-a H O^ ■^ .-(00 M^ a pnnojj oi xO tsltO in in 00' -Ph — o - 0 •-'2 00 CO 0 &o 0 CO 00 00 0 o"^ a) paa^n'BiBnr) CO t~ to to Tt(Tli 00 -a 0 3 (ii"" _d ■3 > < o^ 0 com C^) (M t>. 00 ■^ t~ ■* 000 (N punoj; 0 00 Tt( Tf( 1> 0 0 CO 10 ^ rt rt OD 0 0 l>t^ r-t r-t y—i ""S paa^nBJBno ^ t^ in 10 ■*-^ ■* _ 3 0 ^ C(S 00 in e 0 _ ^0 00 10 roro int-. so « pnnoj^ • in>ri rO(^ w Si, T— ( ,_, o t~t ■*^ "S-O Ti-c -d ^ oraBSjo 8R^ « 0) V (U -losni JO XcftiBnf) 1 1 (C tn PhPi ca (n PhPh Ph UIIO^ < < V»\* ^^ 0 ni not^jodojj; c CD 0 00 O) mm 0 0 CO coos ^m 00 8an'}siop\[ (MO t>t^ CO uox -lad 0 ■^ CO 0 00 coo (MO 0 83 B'jioqg iTJiojaui ^ ,-1,-i Mrt CO -tc OQ a^BuiixoJcIdy o» uox -lad 0 aazi^i-jja^j jo ap^iQ cJ, 1 i-H in 10 mm t^ 0 "^ 00 1 1 1 00 tltl J=i.4 1 m r.'^ >>2 CJ 05 t-i,^ 'S'OJ a) p, 2^ I'd C3 « -(^tcl >i S| d ■i d 0 0 m 03 fc. X d Q 3 d 0 • • "d "3 b 1^ I0«"«' C d c o3 0 d C3 c! '- 0 S fe a* c3 S CU >^(5 w-d A '- ■" M « 0 0 m m c Si £ 6U s ^ u d is S 03 •Sg S 3 0 0 aa ,00 ei Sij ,n^ a£ a 0373 g (U g ^ fcH ^ -d c3 03 O d ,0 ^ HH O -So •OfJ o p. r5a H w " Per] O ^ C ftp fe O O^ ccOHfiH XI u o rt S ' 3 h 3 "Shis < S a. 3 O 1^ 41 rH Ego SB OIO •Otr^ 2! 1 o ■ot. CW s 3^ l-l I •-co « CI O l" |& O -rt P.0, ^ 1^ S §§ 2 ^ OJ ft 0) o r* ^ ^ -*^ a^^ m ° HmS~HH 20 O 05 u o o U X o ■M C 3 o 3 O u B X - m 0 0 0 0 Sr"0 0 0 0 pea^nBj'BnQ CO CD d t^ ■So m t~ 0 o> ojg 0 lO 10 CO ^.2 puno^ t^ CO t>^ »o 0 0 0 0 10 10 Tfi 0 paa^uBJBriQ IN (N d 0 3 0 r^ 03 H C5 CO CO CO 'Stj CC CO CO t^ <1« puno^ ^ ^ t> QC '-< l-H gfc "1 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 1.2 .3 3 paa^uBJBnQ IN IN d CO PM cS > -if ^ a. l> <1 t^ -!l< Cl CO punoj[ d d d 00 ■* Tt< 0 0 to CO IN .2I paa^uBJBnr) d ■* ^ 3 03 0 0 t^ 10 r~ IN He IM 0 M IN a 0 pnnoj (N IN CO d M o g -d "O -0 -c oiuTiSiQ 9|qn 5 a> i -psnj JO ii^i^Bn^ 03 03 OQ J Ph fll Ph PL, UlJO^ N* ;2t 0 -^ m uoi^aodoJtj 10 CO -f ^_, 0 00 00 -s< 8jn^sioj\[ d OS CO t^ CO 1 CO 1 0 lazni^aaj; jo ap^iQ (N 1 1 2 1 IN IN ■* 2^ 02 -1 •a (B B g 13 03-^ ij 03 g^ 0 0 g ^PhE^M § M ^^■^^ (-. C9 w .2 ^f^ •g g 03 SfS s 03 OJ a ft a 5) 0 a) 3 s > d bi) 0 0 aa ja a Sfi ja 0 0 0 CJ g 03 03 T) e m J c &E: ft a Q)-3-d a >. >. 0 c3 ifl a c3 C fl c3 03 a 03 a a 03 ?. f-.3 0 oi ca a 0) a) 0 ja^j3 a HHHO 21 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee, Grade of Fertilizer Nitrogen Name of Manufacturer and Brand Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form Quality of Water Insoluble Organic Form of Potash The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Agrico Fertilizer for Corn fl) . 3-10-6 Vio Passed Muriate Aroostook Potato Manure C3)' 5-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate Bay State Fertilizer (2) 2-8-2 H Passed Muriate Bowker's Lawn & Garden Dressing (3) . 3-9-2 H Passed Muriate Bradley's Blood, Bone & Potash (5) 5-8-7 *h Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Manure for Potatoes & Vege- tables f6) 4-8-7 'h Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Manure for Top-Dressing Grass & Grain (6)= 6-6-4 VlO Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Manure with 10% Potash CQ) 4-6-10 V6 Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Tobacco Manure (1) . 5-4-5 Vio Passed Vio sulfate' Bradley's Corn Phosphate (8) .... 2-8-2 M Passed Muriate Bradley's Eclipse Phosphate ''4 ) 1-8-2 H Passed Muriate Bradley's Northland Potato GrowerC6) 4-8-4 *h Passed Muriate Bradley's Potato Fertilizer f 7)1 2-8-3 »/io Passed Muriate Bradley's Potato Manure fS)' .... 3-8-4 V6 Passed Muriate Bradley's XL Superphosphate of Lime flO)' 3-10-4 V6 Passed Muriate Brack's Market Garden Manure (1) . 4-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate CompleteManure with 10% Potash (2) . 4-6-10 Vio Passed Muriate Corn Favorite (2) . 3-10-6 Vio Pa.«sed Muriate Double A Tobacco Fertilizer (2) . 5-4-5 Vio Passed Vio sulfate' Fish & Potash (2) 3-10-3 H Passed Muriate General Crop Fertilizer (1) . 2-8-3 Vi Passed Muriate Grass & Lawn Top Dressing (2) . 6-6-4 Vio Passed Muriate Hercules Top Dresser (2)' .... 8-6-6 Vio Passed Muriate Lister's Corn & Potato Fertilizer f3)' 2-8-3 H Passed Muriate Prolific 10% Potash Fertilizer (7) . 2-8-10 Vs Passed Muriate Quinnipiac Corn Manure (3) . 2-8-2 % Passed Muriate Quinnipiac Market Garden Manure (4) . 4-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Quinnipiac Phosphate ''D . 3-10-4 M Passed Muriate Quinnipiac Potato Manure (3)i 3-8-4 Vs Passed Muriate Quinnipiac Potato Phosphate (2) . 2-8-3 Vio Passed Muriate Tobacco Starter with Sulphate Potash (1) 3-7-16 V5 Passed Vio sulfate' Universal Phosphate (3) 1-8-2 % Passed Muriate American Chemical Specialties Co. Springfield Carnation Food (1) 2.4-3.25-3.5 ■ Vs Passed Muriate Springfield Rose Food (1) 6-6-2 Yi Passed Muriate Apothecaries Hall Co. Formula "B" (2) 6-3.5-5.2 Vs Passed Vs suKate' Liberty Corn & Vegetable .3-6-10 (1) 3-6-10 V5 Passed Muriate Liberty High-Grade Market Gardeners 5-8-7 (2) 5-8-7 AH — Muriate Liberty High Grade Tobacco Manure IVi- 4-7^ fl) 7.5-4-7.5 Vs Passed H sulfate' Liberty Market Gardeners Special 4-8-4 (2) 4-8-4 Vio Passed Muriate Liberty Tobacco Special 5-4-5 (1) . 5-4-5 Vs Passed Vs sulfate' Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Cron Fertilizer 2-12-2 (2) . 2-12-2 Vio Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertihzer 3-8-4 ("6) 3-8-4 M Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertihzer 4-6-10 (7)i . 4-6-10 Vs Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 4-8-4 (8)i , 4-8-4 Vs Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 5-8-5 (2) 5-8-5 V5 Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 5-8-7 ( 2) . 5-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Tobacco Special 5-4-5 (5) 5-4-5 Vio Passed Vio sulfate' Armour's Corn Grower 2-8-2 (7)i 2-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate Armour's Fertihzer 2-8-3 (1) .... 2-8-3 V5 Passed Muriate Beach Soap Co. Beach's Advance (2) .... . 3-9-1.75 Vs Passed Muriate Beach's Corn & Vegetable (2) 2.5-9-0 Vi Passed - Beach's Market Garden (3) . 4-8-3.75 'A Passed Muriate Beach's Top Dressing (2) . . . . 5.75-9-5.75 'h Passed Muriate The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Berkshire Complete Fertilizer (2) . 3-8-3 Vio Passed Muriate Berkshire Complete Tobacco (4)* . 5-4-5 V.o Passed Vs sulfate' Berkshire Economical Grass Fertilizer (1) 10-3-8 % Passed Muriate 1 Two analyses made. ' One other sample was out of balance. See analysis in table of "Mixtures Seriously Out of Balance but not having Commercial Shortage." ' The remainder muriate, i. e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. * Three analyses made. 22 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand Grade of Fertilizer Nitrogen Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form Quality of Water Insoluble Organic Form of Potash The Berkshire Fer-tilizer Co. — Con. Berkshire Grass Special (2) . Berkshire Long Island Special (2) . Berkshire Market Garden f?)' Berkshire Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (1) Berkshire Tobacco Special (2) Berkshire 2-8-10 Fertilizer (1) Bowker Fertilizer Co. Bowker's All Round Fertilizer (10) . Bowker's Ammoniated Food for Flowers (3) Bowker's Corn, Grain & Grass Phosphate (4) Bowker's Hill & Drill Phosphate (1)3 Bowker's Market Garden Fertilizer (14)i Bowker's Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (6) Bowker's Sure Crop Phosphate (3) . Stockbridge Early Crop Manure (6) Stookbridge Potato & Vegetable Manure C14)^ Stockbridge Tobacco Manure (2) Stockbridge Top Dressing & Forcing Manure (3) Stookbridge Truck Manure (2) Stockbridge Valley Manure for Tobacco (3) The E. D. Chittenden Co. Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower, 4% Potash as Sulfate (4)' .... Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower, 6% Potash as Sulfate (2) . Chittenden's High Grade Potato 7% Potash (1) Chittenden's High Grade Tobacco (7)1 Chittenden's Potato Special 4% Potash (1) Chittenden's Potato Special 7% Potash (1) Chittenden's Special Top Dresser (5)i Chittenden's Tobacco Special (2) . Chittenden's Vegetable & Onion Grower (3) Clay & Son Clay's Fertilizer (1) . The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc. E. Frank Coe's Columbian Corn & Potato Ferti- lizer (4) ...... . E. Frank Coe's Connecticut Wrapper Grower (2) E. Frank Coe's Gold Brand Excelsior Guano (5) E. Frank Coe's Red Brand Excelsior Guano (1) . E. Frank Coe's Standard Potato Fertilizer (2)6 . E. Frank Coe's Tobacco Leaf Formula (1) The Davey Tree Expert Co. Davey Tree Food (1) John C. Dow Co. Dow's Garden FertiUzer (2) . Dow's Garden Fertihzer (1) . Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp. Stim-U-Plant (4)' 7-4-4 5-8-7 4-8-4 2-8-4 7-4-7 2-8-10 3-8-4 3-6-2 2-8-2 3-9-2 4-8-4 2-8-3 1-8-2 5-8-7 4-6-10 5-4-5 6-6-4 4-8-7 7-3-7 4-8-4 4-8-6 5-8-7 6.5-3-7.5 4-8-4 4-8-7 8-6-6 5-4-5 3-8-3 2-8-3 5-4-5 3-8-4 4-8-7 4-6-10 7-3-7 4.5-10-4 4.5-10-0 13.35-11.71-15 Vio Passed M Passed H Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed ViO Passed All — Vs Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed V3 Passed Vio Passed Vs Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed Vs Passed Vio Passed Vs Passed Vio Passed % Passed Vio Passed^ Vs Passed H Passed Vio Passed Vs Passed Vs Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed Vs Passed H Passed Vs Passed All - Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate *lh sulfate^ Rluriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate '/lo sulfate' Muriate Muriate Vio sulfate' -/s sulfate' '/lo sulfate' Muriate Vio sulfate' Muriate Muriate Muriate 5/io sulfate' Muriate Sulfate Muriate Vio sulfate' Muriate Muriate Muriate Vio sulfate^ Muriate Muriate '/s sulfate' 1 Two analyses made. ' The remainder nauriate, i. e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. ' 1924 goods. * Two analyses made. One other sample was deficient. See analysis in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton." ' Two analyses made. One sample gave an acti\'ity of 38.4 by the alkaline and 66.8 by the neutral method, both of which class the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen as inferior. 6 Two analyses made. Two other samples were deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton." ' One other sample was out of balance. See analysis in table of "Mixtures Seriouslj' Out of Balance, but not having Commercial Shortage." 23 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee— Continued. Grade of Fertilizer Nitre gen Name of Manufacturer and Brand Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form Quality of Water Insoluble Organic Form of Potash Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States Formula "A" Tobacco Ferti- lizer (2)1 6.5-4.25-5 -/6 Passed V6 sulfate^ Eastern States Formula "B" Tobacco Ferti- lizer (2) 6-4-5.25 M Passed ^/i sulfate^ Eastern States Formula "C" Tobacco Ferti- lizer (1) 6.5-4.2.5-5.5 Yi Passed M sulfate^ Eastern States 3-12-3 (5)3 .... 3-12-3 Vb Passed Muriate Eastern States 4-8-4 (1) .... 4-8-4 V6 Inferior Muriate Eastern States 5-8-7 (6)3 .... 5-8-7 V6 Passed Muriate Eastern States 5-10-5 (1) 5-10-5 V6 Passed Muriate Eastern States 8-6-6 (1)< . 8-6-6 s/io Passed Muriate Thomas W. Emerson Co. Emerson's Special Grass Fertilizer (1) 7-5-2 % Passed i/g sulfate^ Essex Fertilizer Co. Essex Fish Fertilizer for All Crops 3-8-4 (3) . 3-8-4 V6 Passed Muriate Essex Market Garden for Potatoes, Roots and Vegetables 4-8-4 (4)3 4-8-4 M Passed Muriate Essex Potato Phosphate 4-8-7 for Potatoes and Vegetables (1) . 4-8-7 Yi Passed Muriate Essex Top Dressing 7-5-2 (1) 7-5-2 All — Muriate Essex 2-8-2 for Farm and Garden (3) . 2-8-2 Vz Passed Muriate Essex 3-8-10 for Corn, Potatoes and Veg- etables (1) 3-8-10 V6 Passed Muriate Essex 4-6-10 for Potatoes and Vegetables (1 ) 4-6-10 'h Passed Muriate Essex 5-8-7 for Potatoes and Vegetables (2)3 5-8-7 M Passed Muriate The Excell Laboratories Zenke's "New Plant Life" (Liquid) (1) . 1.7-1.07-.54 All - Sulfate The F. & I. Tobacco Products Co. "F& I" (1) 2.5-. 25-3 - - Organic The L. T. Frisbie Co. Frisbie's Market Garden 4-8-6 (1) . 4-8-6 M Passed Muriate Frisbie's Special Vegetable and Potato Grower 4-8-4 (1) 4-8-4 Ve Passed Muriate Frisbie's Tobacco Grower 5-4-5 (1) 5-4-5 V6 Passed Vio sulfate2 Frisbie's Top Dresser 7-5-4 (1) . 7-5-4 Vio Passed Muriate John Glennie Complete Fertilizer (1) . 4.86-8-4 ^ Passed Muriate Thomas Hersom & Co. Neverfail (1) ...... 5-10-5 V6 Passed Muriate A. W. Higgins, Inc. Old Dcerfield Lawnshrub (2) . 6-5-5 Y^ Passed 5 Old Deerfield 3-10-6 (1) 3-10-6 Vio Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 4-8-4 (3) 4-8-4 y^ Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 5-8-7 (3) 5-8-7 Vi Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 6-4-6 (1) 6-4-6 Y2 Passed Vio sulfate and nitrate' Old Deerfield 6-8-7 (3) 6-8-7 % ■ Passed 5/io sulfate- Old Deerfield 7-6-6 (1) 7-6-6 Vs Passed ■•/s sulfate and nitrate^ Old Deerfield 8-6-6 (2) 8-6-6 Vio Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 6-10-10 (2) . . . . 6-10-10 Vs Passed 3/io sulfate^ Old Deerfield 10-16-14 (2) . 10-16-14 V6 Passed Muriate International Agricultural Corp. International Crop Grower (8) . . . 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate International Economy f3) . 2-8-2 '/lO Passed Muriate ' One lot of 6 tons sampled in Southwick was very poorly mixed. Analysis of samples from 5 different bags taken at random showed the following variations: nitrogen 5.20% to 5.76%, available phosphoric acid 3.36% to 7.78%, potash 1.47% to 12.45%. Unfortunately part of the lot was applied to the soil before discovery of the improper mixing ; the remainder was re-mixed at the expense of the fertilizer company as soon as they were notified. 2 The remainder muriate, i. e., suflScient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 3 Two analyses made. * Three other samples were out of balance. See analysis in table of "Mixtures Seriously Out of Balance but not having Commercial Shortage." 5 Two analyses made. In one sample the potash was in form of muriate; in one sample, ^/s sulfate, the remainder muriate. 24 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Grade of Fertihzer Nitrogen Name of Manufacturer and Brand Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form Quality of Water Insoluble Organic Form of Potash International Agricultural Corp.— Con. International General Favorite (3) . 3-8-6 V6 Passed Muriate International High Grade Manure flO) . 4-6-10 VlO Passed Muriate International Ideal flO) .... 4-8-4 V5 Passed Muriate International Multiple-Strength 8-12-20 f4) . 8-12-20 VlO Passed Vio sulfatei International Multiple-Strength 8-16-8 ^3) 8-16-8 Vio Passed 3/io sulfate! International Multiple-Strength 10-16-14 f6) . 10-16-14 9/l0 Passed Muriate International New England Special (8) 2- 12-4 M Passed Muriate International Onion Vegetable & Potato (2) 3-8-8 Vs Passed Muriate International Phosphate & Potash (1) . 0-12-6 _ Muriate International Tobacco Grower (2) . 5-6-7 J^ Passed 3,'io sulfate! International Tobacco Producer (2) 5-4-5 V2 Passed Vio sulfate* International Top Dresser & Starter (4) . 7-6-5 Vio Passed Muriate International Top Dresser & Starter for To- bacco (2) . 7-6-5 V2 Passed Vs sulfate' Henry James & Son, Inc. 4-8-4 (1) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate 5-8-7(2) 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate King Chemical Co King 4-8-4 (1) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate King 5-8-7 (5)= . ■ 5-8-7 *h Passed Muriate Lowell Fertilizer Co. Lowell Animal Brand, A High-Grade Manure for all Crops 3-8-4 (8) 3-8-4 Vi Passed Muriate Lowell Bone Fertilizer for Corn, Grain, Grass and Vegetables 2-8-2 (6) 2-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate Lowell Lawn and Garden Dressmg 4-7-2 (1) 4-7-2 All — Muriate LoweU Potato Phosphate for Potatoes and Vegetables 4-8-7 (2) 4-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate Lowell Tobacco 5-4-5 fl) . . . . 5-4-5 Yi Passed 2.3 sulfatei Lowell Top Dressing 7-5-2 (5) . . . 7-5-2 AU Muriate Lowell 3-8-10 for Corn, Potatoes and Veg- etables f4) ...... 3-8-10 Vs Passed Muriate Lowell 4-6-10 for Potatoes and Vegetables (2) . 4-6-10 Vs Passed Muriate Lowell 4-8-4 for Potatoes, Corn and Vegetables 02)2 4-8-4 Va. Passed Muriate Lowell 5-8-7 for Potatoes and Vegetables (5) 5-8-7 V6 Passed Muriate Maine Farmers Exchange M. F. E. Brand 3-S-4 (1) . . . . 3-8-4 M Inferior Muriate M. F. E. Brand 4-8-4 (1) . . . . 4-8-4 Vs Inferior ','10 sulfate' M. F. E. Biand 5-8-7 (4) . . . . 5-8-7 Vio Inferior _3 M. F. E. BranJ 5-10-5 (1) . 5-10-5 Vs Passed M suKatei The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Mapes Connecticut Vu'ley Special (3) 6-4-7 Vs Passed 9/10 sulfate! 3-8-3 Vz Passed Muriate Mapes General Tobacco Manure (2) 5-4-5 % Passed Vio sulfate Mapes General Truck Manu'-e (2) . 5-6-5 Vio Passed Muriate Mapes General Use Manure v 3) . 3-6-4 Vs Passed Muriate Mapes Onion Manure (1) . 4-6-4 Vs Passed s/io sulfate' Mapes Potato Manure (6) . 4-7-5 % Passed Tkluriate Mapes Tobacco Ash Constituents (I) 1-4-15 Vs Passed 3/10 sulfate' Mapes Tobacco Manure, Wrapper Brand (2) . 7.5-2-10.5 -A Passed 9/10 sulfate' Mapes Tobacco Starter Improvec (1) 5-6-1 Vs Passed 9/10 sulfate' Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved Special (2) . 5-6-3 '/lO Passed *lb sulfate' Mapes Top Dresser (4) . 10-4-2 Vio Passed Vio sulfate' A. G. Markham & Co. 2-8-3 (1) 2-8-3 *h Passed Muriate 4-6-10 (1) 4-6-10 Vs Passed Muriate 4-8-4 (1) 4-8-4 Vs Passed Muriate 5-4-5 (2) 5-4-5 Yi Passed 9/10 sulfate' 5-8-7 (1) 5-8-7 *h Passed Muriate Mitchell Fertilizer Co. Mitchell's Special (1) .... . 5-8-5 Vio Inferior Muriate Mitchell's Vegetable (1) 4-8-4 »/io Inferior Muriate ' The remainder muriate, i. e., Bufficient chlcrine present to account for this amount of potash ' Two analyses made. * Two analyses made. One analysis showed potash in form of muriate ; one analysis showed '/s sulfate, the remainder muriate. 25 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee— Continued. Grade of Fertilizer Nitrogen Name of Manufacturer and Brand Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form Quality )f Water insoluble Organic Form of Potash The National Fertilizer Co. National Complete Grass Fertilizer (2)' . 6-6-4 Vio Passed Muriate National Market Garden Fertilizer (2) 3-8-4 *u Passed Muriate National Pine Tree State Potato Fertilizer (3)- 4-8-4 'h Passed Muriate National Premier Potato Manure (i)^ 4-8-7 V5 Passed Muriate National Totiacco Special (6) . 5-4-5 V3 Passed Vio sulfate^ National White Ash Tobacco Grower (3) 7-3-7 VlO Passed 9/io sulfate^ National XXX Fish & Potash (1) . 3-10-3 % Passed Muriate New England Fertilizer Co. New England Corn Phosphate for Gram ane Vegetables 2-8-2 C3) . 2^8-2 % Passed Muriate New England Potato Phosphate 4-8-7 for Pota toes and Vegetables (2) . 4-8-7 V6 Passed Muriate New England Superphosphate, A High-Grad Fertilizer for all Crops 3-8-4 f3) . 3-8-4 H Passed Muriate New England Tobacco 5-4-5 0.) 5-4-5 Va Passed Vio sulfate^ New England 4-8-4 for Potatoes, Vegetable s and Grass CI) ..... 4-8-4 Vi Passed Muriate New England 5-8-7 for Potatoes and Marke t Gardens (1) . 5-8-7 V6 Passed Miiriate Olds & Whipple, Inc. 0 & W Complete Corn, Potato & Onion Ferti lizer (1) 4-8-4 Vi Passed Muriate 0 & W Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (4) . 5-4-5 '/3 Passed »/io sulfate* O & W High Grade Potato Fertilizer (2) . 5-8-7 Vio Passed 9/io sulfate* O & W High Grade Starter & Potash Com pound (4) 5-4-15 H Passed 9/io sulfate* 0 & W High Grade Tobacco Starter (1 ) . 10-3-0 'A Passed - O & W Special Complete Corn, Onion & Potat 0 Fertilizer (1) .... . 3-8-2 % Passed Muriate O & W Tobacco Fertilizer, Blue Label Brand (3 ) 6-3-6 Vio Passed 9/io sulfate* 0 & W Top Dressing for Grass (2) . 7-4-0 Vs Passed - Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. P & P Plymouth Rock Brand tor all Crop s 3-8-4 (5)1 3-8-4 % Passed Muriate P & P Potato Phosphate 4-8-7 for Potatoes an d Vegetables (i) . 4-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate P & P Top Dressing 7-5-2 (4) 7-5-2 All - Muriate P & P 3-8-10 for Corn, Potatoes and Vege - tables f4) 3-8-10 V5 Passed Muriate P & P 4-6-10 for Corn, Potatoes and Vegetables 4) 4-6-10 V6 Passed Muriate P & P 4-8-4 foi Potatoes, Corn and Vegetables t3) 4-8-4 M Passed Muriate P & P 5-8-7 forPotatoes and Market Gardens ( 3) 5-8-7 M Passed Muriate Pawtucket Rendering Co. Animal Brand 3-8-4 (1) 3-8-4 % Passed Muriate Pawtucket 4-8-4 d) . 4-8-4 Vio Passed Muriate Pawtucket 4-8-7 (1) .... 4-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Pawtucket 5-8-5 (1) .... 5-8-5 M Passed Muriate Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 2-8-2 (4)' 2-8-2 M Inferior Muriate Harvest Brand 3-8-4 (7) 3-8-4 V6 Passed* Muriate Harvest Brand 4-6-10 (8) . 4-6-10 «/io Passed' Muriate Harvest Brand 4-8-4 (11) 4-8-4 s/io Passed' Muriate Harvest Brand 5-8-5 (2)' 5-8-5 'h Passed Muriate Harvest Brand 5-8-7 (9)' . 5-8-7 Vio Inferior Miiriate Harvest Brand 8-6-6 (2)3 . 8-6-6 9/ 10 Passed Muriate Providence Farmers Exchange Inc. Exchange Brand 4-8-4 ri) 4-8-4 V6 Passed Muriate Exchange Brand 5-8-7 (1) . 5-8-7 'h Passed Muriate ' Two analyses made. ^ Three analyses made. ' Four analyses made. * The remainder muriate, i. e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 6 Four analyses made. One analysis Cone sample) gave an activity of 41.2 by the alkaline and 68.4 by the neutral method, both of which class the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen as inferior. "« Three analyses made. One analysis (four samples) gave an activity of 39.2 by the alkaline and 67.4 by the neutral method, both of which class the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen as inferior. ' Three analyses made. One analysis (three samples) gave an activity of 41.6 by the alkaline and 60 by the neutral method, both of which class the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen as inferior. 8 One other sample was out of balance. See analysis in table of "Mixtures Seriously Out of Balance but not having Commercial Shortage." 26 Mixtures «,,K^t^ntiHHv Complying with Guarantee-Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand The Rogers & Hubbard Co. , ^ i „j Hubbard's "Bone Base" Fertilizer for Oats and Top Dressing (7) . • • • ,. ' Hubbard's "Bone Base" Fertilizer for Seeding Hubbard's "Bone Base"'Soluble Corn and Gen- eral Crops Manure (6)i ■ „ , ui b^f^tA Hubbard's "Bone Base" Soluble Potato Hubbard's ';'Bone Base" Soluble Tobacco Ro^ge^rs''&' Hubbard's All Soils-AU Crops Ferti- Rogera& Hubbard's Climax Tobacco Brand (2) Rogers & Hubbard's Corn & Gram Fertilizer 4) Roiers & Hubbard's High Potash Fertilizer (4) . Rogers & Hubbard's Potato Fertihzer (6)i • Rogers & Hubbard's Tobacco Grower, Vegetable Formvila (3) . • ,,■„,. • t, 'in\ 14 Soluble Potato Manure, Vs Climax Brand (1) 1 0) OJ f sSi SS si> "S^ d a) IS £■ go gp^ 11 9 '>^ Material ll < 2 2^1 C3< O in 0 =3 ;- c d 03.— « ° d £"3 3 o >"° f'o< 1-^ |l "Z. 2; -< < < 19.15 17.93 16.00 Precipitated Bone . 21 39.66 39.03 38.76 International Agricultural Corp. .... Acid Phosphate 6 17.32 16.94 16.00 King Chemical Co. King Acid Phosphate 42 17 95 16 65 16 00 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Acid Phosphate 61 18.79 17.84 16.00 The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Acid Phosphate 1 17.. 55 17.42 16.00 Ross Bros. Co. Acid Phosphate 1 17.53 16.97 16.00 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Acid Phosphate 2 1 18.13 16.81 16.00 Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemi- cal Co. Acid Phosphate 1 17.78 17.50 16.00 United States Guano Co. 16% Acid Phosphate 6 1 18.38 17.78 16.00 Virginia-CaroHna Chemical Co. Acid Phosphate 1 16.74 16.66 16.00 C. P. Washburn Co. . Acid Phosphate 1 18.50 18.04 16.00 The Wilcox Fertihzer Co. Acid Phosphate 2 18.14 18.01 16.00 Brand Showi ng Commercial Shortage of $1 or 0 ver per Ton. United States Guano Co. 20% Acid Phosphate 13 19.91 18.10 20.00 1 Two analyses made. 2 Three analyses made. 3 Collected at Easthampton. Commercial valuation $21.60, commercial shortage $1.60 per ton. Potash Compounds. The two tables following show the chemical analyses of those chemicals valued chiefly for their potash. Muriate and High Grade Sulfate. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Muriate of Potash High Grade Sulfate of Potash Manufacturer Number of Samples Potash Number of Samples Potash Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Chlorine The American Agricultural Chemi- cal Co. .... Armour Fertilizer Wor]s;s . Apothecaries Hall Co. Beach Soap Co. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. The E. D. Chittenden Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchangei Thomas Hersom & Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. Middlesex County Farm Bureau . Ross Brothers Co. United States Guano Co. . 1 1 1 1 3 3 20 2 3 1 32 1 22 51.76 50.72 50.48 52.56 51.40 51.00 50.79 52.12 51.40 51.31 50.96 49.46 48.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 50.92 48.24 49.68 49.32 51.32 50.84 50.52 50.40 49.72 48.80 51.40 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 50.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 3.57 3.83 3.66 1.84 1.81 2.31 2.56 1.43 3.53 3.95 1.05 ' One and one-fourth tons o\. sulfate of potash, sampled at Conway, showed a shortage in weight of about 137 pounds. A proper rebate was allowed for the shortage. 2 Two analyses made. 32 Brands Showdng a Commercial Shortage of|$l or over per Ton. Muriate of Potash High Grade Sulfate of Potash Manufacturer Number of Samples Potash Number of Samples Potash Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Chlorine Maine Farmers Exchange . Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. United States Guano Co. . 21 21 47.42 2 47.44 45.44" 50.00 50.00 50.00 - - - - 1 Two analyses made. 2 Two samples collected at Easthampton had valuations and commercial shortages as follows: S37.70 and $2.30; $38.18 and $1.82. ' Collected at Framingham. Commercial valuation $37.95, and commercial shortage $2.05 per ton. " Two samples collected at Framingham had valuations and commercial shortages as follows : $36.45 and $3.55; $36.26 and $3.74. Carbonate of Potash and Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia. Manufacturer Material Number of Samples Potash Found Guaran- teed Chlorine A. W. Higgins, Inc. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Carbonate of Potash Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia 66.72 29.801 62.00 26.00 1.98 1 The product contained 12.00% magnesium oxide, equivalent to 35.82% magnesiiim sulfate. The relatively large amount of clilorine found in the high-grade sulfate of potash sold in the state indicates that the producers are not refining this product, as used in the fertilizer trade, to the same degree as in 1924 when this laboratory found only 2.13 per cent of chlorine as the average for nine analj^ses. A study of this year's inspection of this salt indicates the use of two different grades or degrees of refinement. Six analj^ses (10 samples representing 46 tons sold) showed a range from 1.05 to 2.56 per cent of chlorine, with an average of 1.83 per cent, equivalent to 2.44 per cent of potash, the average total water soluble potash being 50.50 per cent. Five other analyses (8 samples representing 139 tons sold) showed a range of chlorine from 3.53 to 3.95 per cent, ^vith an average of 3.71 per cent, equivalent to 4.93 per cent of potash, the average total water soluble potash being 49.47 per cent. At a recent meeting of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, the Committee on Definition of Terms and Interpretation of Results on Fertilizers tentatively defined sulfate of potash and set a maximum for chlorine permissible in fertilizer mixtures in which the potash is claimed as sulfate, as follows: "Sulfate of potash is a potash salt containing not less than forty-eight per cent (48 %) of potash (K2O) in form of sulfate and not more than two and one-half per cent (2.5%) of chlorine." Maximum amount of chlorine permissible in fertilizers in which the potash is claimed as sulfate: "The chlorine in mixed fertilizers in which the potash is claimed as sulfate shall not exceed three-tenths of one per cent (.3%) more than what is called for in the minimum potash content based on the definition for sulfate of potash as formulated by the committee, calculated as follows: 0.05 times the percentage of potash found plus 0.3." These definitions were formulated after a full and free discussion of the subjects in open meeting at which several trade chemists voiced the opinion that 2.5 per cent of chlorine in sulfate of potash was a liberal allowance. It seems that the fertilizer manufacturer would be justified in asking for a better refined product, as according to the above definition the group of potash salts containing an average 33 of 3.71 per cent of chlorine would be condemned and, moreover, the use of this group in producing a mixed fertilizer relatively free of chlorine would present a serious problem. For example, a tobacco formula with 7 per cent of potash derived from these salts would yield from all sources about .82 per cent of chlorine, whereas the same formula with potash derived from a salt with a maximum of 2.5 per cent of chlorine, as provided in the definition, would yield only .65 per cent of chlorine. It is apparent from the above that the group of potash salts with the high content of chlorine could not be safely used in formulating mixtures where all of the potash was claimed as sulfate. Raw Products Supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. Dry Ground Fish. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Manufacturer Number of Samples Nitrogen Found Guaran- teed Phosphoric Acid Found Guaran- teed The American Agricultural Chemical Co Apothecaries Hall Co. . Armour Fertilizer Works The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. The E. D. Chittenden Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. Maine Farmers Exchange F. S. Rovster Guano Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical C 2" 31 21 71 1 21 2 1 2' 21 1 8.23 8.22 9.05 8.22 8.22 8.22 9.03 8.22 8.22 8.23 8.23 8.37 6.40 8.92 7.36 6.. 51 8.94 6.74 8.75 5.77 7.02 8.14 6.00 5.00 6.86 6.00 6.00 4.58 5.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. The E. D. Chittenden Co . Eastern States Farmers' Exchange F. S. Royster Guano Co. 12 7.25 8.22 9.49 13 7.68 8.22 6.30 I* 7.61 8.22 5.13 15 7.85 8.22 6.38 6.00 6.00 4.58 5.00 1 Two analyses made. 2 Collected at Hadley. Commercial valuation .f 60.74, commercial shortage $3.84 per ton. 3 Collected at South Deerfield. Commercial valuation .S60.97, commercial shortage $3.61 per ton. * Collected at Conway. Commercial valuation $59.41, commercial shortage $3.89 per ton. 5 Collected at Amherst. Commercial valuation $62.26, commercial shortagg $1.42 per too. Ground Bone and Tankage. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Degree of Fineness Brand • Num- ber of Grade Manufacturer Sam- Finer Coarser ples than i/so Inch Per Cent than i/to Inch Per Cent Fine Ground Bone 1 3.00-22.00 61.60 38.40 The American Agricultural \ Special Ground Bone 8 2.50-22.88 71.88 28.12 Chemical Co. Blood Tankage . 1 12.00- 5.49 31.75 68.25 6% Ground Tankage 1 6.00-13.75 46.52 53.48 } Bone Meal 2 4.00-20.00 61.92 38.08 Apothecaries Hall Co. . . <. Tankage 2 9.00- 3.00 68.83 31.17 ) 4 3 . 00-22 . 00 63.79 36.21 Armour Fertilizer Works . < Ground Tankage 1 9.00- 6.87 56.25 43.75 Beach Soap Co. . Beach Fertilizer Bone 1 2.75-20.00 74.24 25.76 Butchers Rendering Co. . < Ground Bone Ground Tankage 2 1 3.00-20.00 5.00-14.00 98.10 66.63 1.90 33.37 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Fine Ground Bone 3 3.00-20.00 66.29 33.71 Bowker Fertihzer Co. . Special Ground Bone 3 2.50-22.88 55.86 44.14 34 Ground Bone and Tankage — Continued. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees — Concluded. Degree of Num- Fineness Manufacturer Brand ber of Sam- ples Grade Finer Coarser than than 1/60 Inch i/to Inch Per Cent Per Cent Ground Bone 3 3.00-22.90 61.74 38.26 Consolidated Rendering Co. . Ground Bone 6 2.50-25.18 68.29 31.71 Ground Tankage 201 13.00- 5.50 45.83 54.17 Ground Tankage 1 6.00-14.00 57.56 42.44 John C.Dow Co. . A Pure Ground Bone 131 2.43-24.00 86.58 13.42 Ground Tankage 1 6.08-14.00 54.50 45.50 Eastern States Farmers' Ex- f change . . . \ Fine Bone Meal . 21 3.00-22.88 58.67 41.33 Ground Animal Tankage 21 10.00- 4.58 70.93 29.07 Essex Fertilizer Co. Ground Tankage 1 13.00- 5.50 35.75 64.25 Thomas Hersom & Co. . . I Bone iSIeal .... Meat and Bone . 1 1 2 . 43-24 . 00 4.86-16.00 92.14 94.60 7.86 5.40 International Agricultural J Bone MeaP 31 3.00-22.00 66.76 33.24 Corp \ Tankage .... 1 6.00-11.00 59.49 40.51 Bang Chemical Co. Steamed Bone 1 3,00-22.90 62.71 37.29 Sylvester A. McGovern Animal Fertihzer 1 4.86-12.00 — - Middlesex County Farm f Bureau . . . \ Animal Tankage . 21 7.00- 9.50 54.27 45.73 10-10 Tankage . 1 10.00- 4.58 53.40 46.60 The Geo. E. Marsh Co. Fertilizer Bone . 3 2.00-22.89 51.97 48.03 Carroll S. Page, Inc. Raw Ground Bone 1 4.50-22.00 48.11 51.89 Pawtucket Rendering Co. Ground Bone 2 3.00-20.00 52.64 47.36 Piedmont-Mt.Airy Guano Co. | Bone Meal .... Raw Bone Meal . 3' 1 3.00-22.90 4.50-20.50 80.67 66.37 19.33 33.63 The Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Raw Knuckle Bone Flour 21 4.64-24.70 96.33 3.67 M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Swift-Sure Bone Meal . 1 5.. 50-20. 00 46.41 53.59 United States Guano Co. United Stated Bone MeaP . 1 3.00-22.00 81.43 18.57 Virginia-Carohna Chemical Co. Pure Raw Bone . 1 4.50-20.60 46.85 53.15 The Wilcox Fertihzer Works . Steamed Bone 1 3.00-22.28 74.30 25.70 J. M. Woodard . Unground Tankage 1 5.47-18.00 12.88 87.12 Worcester Rendering Co. Ground Tankage 1 7.00-10.00 50.49 49.51 1 Two analyses made. 2 One lot of this bone, collected at Dracut, was not whoUy uniform either in appearance or composition. Three individual sacks tested from 2.41% to 3.04% of nitrogen and from 26.38% to 27.71% of phosphoric acid. No serious deficiencies were found. ' Three analyses made. * The sample tested 3.89% total nitrogen, of which 1.70% was from sulfate of ammonia (this would be equivalent to 34 pounds of nitrogen, 165 pounds sulfate of ammonia in one ton of the product). Without the addition of the ammonium sulfate the sample would have been deficient in nitrogen .27%, and would have shown a commercial shortage of $1.15 per ton. With the addition of the ammonium sulfate the sample overran in commercial valuation $4.80 per ton. The sample tested 22.6% of total phosphoric acid, of which only 5.25% Cabout 23% of the total) was in available form. The average of 400 analyses of steamed bone made at this laboratory shows over 50% of the total phosphoric acid in available form (soluble in neutral citrate of ammonia). The sample, moreover, showed the presence of 2.36% of iron and alumina oxides, while the average bone shows hardly more than a trace of these elements. The company's chemist states his opinion that the product was likely South American bone, which varies widely both in content of nitrogen and phosphoric acid from the native product. A sample of so-called South American bone recently analyzed at this laboratory showed .86% nitrogen and 32.63% total phosphoric acid, of which 15.98% was available; it showed mere traces of iron and alumina oxides. 'These comparative results might indicate the presence of fine ground rock phosphate in the United States Guano Co.'s sample. 35 Ground Bone and Tankage — Concluded. Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. Brand Num- ber of Sam- ples Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Degree of Fineness Manufacturer Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Finer than Vso Inch Per Cent Coarser than '/so Inch Per Cent Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Piedmont-Mt. Airy f Guano Co. . \ Animal Tankage' Bone Meal3 . Tankage'' 22 1 1 7.25 2.69 7.72 8.23 2.47 7.40 10.50 21.97 11.30 4.58 22.90 10.00 60.02 86.98 61.83 39.98 13.02 38.17 ' One sample, collected at Colrain, had a commercial valuation of $53.18 and a commercial shortage of $1.34 per ton; another sample, collected at Amherst, had a commercial valuation of .$54.47 and a commer- cial shortage of $1.25 per ton. - Two analyses made. 3 Collected at New Bedford. Commercial valuation $35.32, commercial shortage $1.05 per ton. The sample showed the presence of .60% nitrogen from ammonium sulfate and nitrate of soda, without the addition of which the sample would have shown a commercial shortage of S3. 33 per ton. ' Collected at Seekonk. Commercial valuation $46.37, commercial shortage 89.31 per ton. The sample showed the presence of 4.09% of nitrogen from sulfate of ammonia (equivalent to 81.8 pounds nitrogen, or about 400 pounds of ammonium sulfate in one ton of the product). Registration of the tankage was immediately revoked. Later a representative of the company stated that an investigation showed that no ammonium sulfate had been knowingly added to the tankage. A proper rebate was allowed the consumer. The activity of the organic nitrogen present was satisfactory. Wood Ashes. Number of Analy- ses Moist- ture Phosphoric Acid Water Soluble Potash Insoluble Manufacturer and Brand Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Matter R. & J. Farquhar Co. Hardwood Ashes John Joynt Co. Unleached Hardwood Ashes: Sold on the unit basis . Sold on the ton basis E. P. Swan Co. . . . 1 4 1 1 7.01 13.58 8.15 3.53 2.40 1.78 1.44 2.42 1.75 i.oo 1.00 1.00 6.05 5.51 3.40 5.72 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 13.41 13.22 14.49 16.82 Note. — ^The average total acid soluble potash in the seven samples analyzed was 6.36%. Average wood ashes have about 31% of calcium oxide and 3% magnesium oxide which is in form to neutralize soil acidity and for this purpose is worth around $5 per ton, as compared with the cost of like amounts of lime from ground limestone and agricultural hme. 36 Pulverized Animal Manures. Brands Substantially Meeting Their Guarantees. Number of Samples Total Nitrogen Total Phosphoric Acid Total Potash Manufacturer and Brand Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed Found Guaran- teed The American Agricultural Chemical Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure 6 1.79 1.44 .99 .75 2.58 2.00 Armour Fertilizer Works Sheep Manure 4 1.52 1.23 1.05 1.00 3.17 2.00 The Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Sheep Manure 1 2.17 l.SO 1.53 1.00 2.55 2.00 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Ram's Head Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 5 1.62 1.46 1.33 .75 2.90 3.00 R. & J. Farquhar Co. Sheep Manure 1 1.00 .90 1.49 .72 1.98 1.00 Chas. C. Hart Seed Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure 1 1.54 1.23 1.10 1.00 3.09 2.50 Natural Fertilizer Co. Big Buck Sheep Fertilizer 1 1.91 1.85 1.40 1.30 2.00 2.00 Natural Guano Co. Sheep's Head Pulverized Sheep Manure' .... 102 2.25 2.25 1..59 1.25 2.29 2.00 Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co. Groz-It Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 5 1.70 1.50 1.68 1.25 3.46 3.00 Premier Poultry Manure Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure Pulverized Poultry Manure 3 3 2.43 5.42S 2.46 4.93 1.66 3.01 1.50 2.75 2.05 1.40 2.00 1.30 The Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Brand Sheep Manure . Wizard Brand Cattle Manure . 5 3 2.24 1.90 2.43 1.80 2.07 1.56 1.25 1.00 2.58 1.25 2.00 1.00 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or over per Ton. J. W. Howard Est. Wool Waste Sheep Brand Manure 1« 1.35 l.SO .46 .32 3.22 3.20 ' Eleven and one-fourth tons inspected at Taunton showed a shortage in weight of 1,597 pounds. The company stated that new and inexperienced help was responsible for the shortage, that steps had been taken to rectify the trouble, and that proper rebates would be allowed. The lot was retailed at actual weights as made by the dealer. 2 Two analyses made. '2.83% water soluble nitrogen and 2.59% water insoluble nitrogen; the latter tested by the neutral permanganate method 87.40% activity, showing it to be of passing quahty. * Collected at Somerville. Commercial valuation $10.19 per ton, commercial shortage $2.47 per ton. Humus (Partially Dry, Pulverized Peat). Water Phosphoric Acid Nitrogen Manufacturer Found Guaranteed Victory Fertilizer Co. .... 56.81 .71 .96 .50 SOILGRO. This product, manufactured by the Soilgro Products Inc., of 1340 Broadway, New York City, and offered in units comprising two sealed tin cans, each of the capacity of about three quarts, was sold quite freely during the spring and early summer, particularly in the suburbs of various cities in the state. Samples were 37 secured and examined chemically as to its fertilizer value and microbiologically as to its value in supplying beneficial soil organisms. It was also applied to various growing plants according to directions furnished in the literature put out by the company. Results of the investigations made are summarized as follows : Chemical examination. The contents of the can supposed to contain the bacteria showed 99.72 per cent of water, .0014 per cent phosphoric acid, .014 per cent potash, and .029 per cent nitrogen, the plant food value in one ton of the solution being about 12.3 cents; per thi-ee-quart can, one-third of one mill. The contents of the other can, supposed to be food for the bacteria, was found to be a compost of about equal weights of horse manure and moist soil. It analyzed as follows: water 36.55 per cent, earthy matter 43.27 per cent, organic matter 20.18 per cent. In plant food ingredients it analyzed: phosphoric acid .23 per cent, potash .25 per cent, and nitrogen .48 per cent, the plant food value per ton being $2.95; per three-quart can, 8.8 mills. The two cans retailed for five dollars. A microbiological analysis of the bacteria food showed that the great majority of the organisms present were common ammonifying (putrefactive and decay) forms, the flora resembling what one should expect to obtain from an average nianure compost. The can containing the solution with bacteria showed a predominance of nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and ammonifying forms. Briefly it may be said that with the exception of the legume bacteria there is no indication of a scarcity of useful bacteria in an otherwise good soil and, as Dr. Charles E. Marshall, the Station Bacteriologist, has tersely expressed it, "at the present time no method has been found to increase the numbers of these useful bacteria (legume bacteria excepted) already in the soil or increase their activity for the production of plant food, other than the usual manuring, fertilizmg and tillage of the soil." When tested on newly seeded lawn, and on a number of the following plants — cabbage, peppers, tobacco, petunias and snapdragons — located in various parts of the state, negative results were secured in all cases. Results of our analyses were given to the press and sent to the various county agricultural agents in the state. On June 29 an opinion was rendered by the Attorney General of the state that a product such as the Soilgro unit would be classed as a "commercial fertilizer" within the meaning of General Laws relating to the inspection of fertilizers. The company was informed of the ruling and notified that registration would be refused and that further sales of the product within the state would be considered illegal. The subject of bacterial cultures for the inoculation of seeds other than legumes is discussed by the Department of Agriculture, Washuigton, D. C, in the June 24 issue of "The Official Record," page 4, also in Clip Sheet No. 364, page 2, released for the week of June 15. 38 DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILIZERS FOR SALE IN THE STATE IN 1925. The American Agricultural Cheruical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Chemical Specialties Co., Inc., Springfield, N. J. American Cj'anamid Co., 511 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Apothecaries Hall Co., 14-2-1 Benedict St., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 50 Broad St., New York, N. Y. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., 601-8 Trust Company of Georgia Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. The Baker Castor Oil Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Beach Soap Co., Cor. Maple and Lawrence St., Lawrence, Mass. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc., 390-2 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. Bowker Fertilizer Co., Boston, Mass. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 85 State St., Boston, Mass. F. W. Brode Corporation, 119 Madison Ave., Memphis, Tenn. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. The E. D. Chittenden Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Choctaw Cotton Oil Co., 610 Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Clay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, England. The Coe-Mortimer Co., Inc., Boston, Mass. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Davey Tree Expert Co., S. Water St., Kent, Ohio. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp., Long Island City, N. Y. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213-215 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex Fertilizer Co., 39 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, 111. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 and 9 S. Market St., Boston, Mass. The F. & I. Tobacco Products Co., Plum and Fulton St., Lancaster, Pa. The L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. John Glennie, Ward Hill, Mass. Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Thomas Hersom & Co., 11 Commercial St., New Bedford, Mass. A. W. Higgins, Inc., S. Deerfield, Mass. Estate J. W. Howard, 328 Broadway, Somerville, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. International Agricultural Corp., 126 State St., Boston, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Somerville, Mass. John Joynt Co., Lucknow, Ontario, Can. King Chemical Co., Bound Brook, N. J. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Maine Farmers Exchange, 810 Chapman Bldg., Portland, Me. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 110 William St., New York, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. The Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., E. Lynn, Mass. William N. McCrillis, 89 State St., Boston, Mass. Sylvester A. McGovern, R.F.D. No. 1, Andover, Mass. Merrimac Chemical Co., 148 State St., Boston, j^lass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 47 Moody St., Waltham, Mass. Mitchell Fertilizer Co., 26 S. Water St., Providence, R. I. The National Fertilizer Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. The Natural Fertilizer Co., Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Natural Guano Co., Aiirora, lU. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40A N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Oyama Products Co., Fostertown Rd., Newburgh, N. Y. Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. CarroU S. Page, Inc., Hyde Park, Vt. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co., 41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Rear 654 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. W. N. Potter & Sons, Greenfield, Mass. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Providence Farmers Exchange Inc., 16 S. Water St., Providence, R. I. The Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. The Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Ross Brothers Co., Worcester, Mass. N. Roy & Son Estate, S. Attleboro, Mass. F. S. Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Sanderson Fertilizer & Chemical Co., P. O. Box 1939, New Haven, Conn. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. The Stadler Products Co., 908 Denison Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. E. P. Swan Co., S. Deerfield, Mass. Henry J. Taubert, 18 Brooks St., Brighton, Mass. William Thomson & Sons Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland. United States Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Victory Fertilizer Co., .54 North St., Boston, Mass. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. (of Delaware), 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Vitogro Chemical Co., 40 Middle St., Lowell, Mass. C. P. Washburn Co., Centre St., Middleboro, Mass. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co., Mystic, Conn. J. M. Woodard, Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. > .a^o:.... Ami-tun^Ti *•-*.■ CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 34 DECEMBER, 1925 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and G. B. Dalrymple Recent simplified methods for roughly estimating soil acidity have done much to stimulate interest in the use of lime products for soil improvement. The data contained in this report should be of particular value in the selection of agricultural limes. The crop-producing value of such products depends upon their com- position; while their actual cost depends upon the percentage of effective oxides of lime and magnesium which they carry. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication of this Documennt Approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 3M l-'26 Order 3932 CONTROL SERVICE {A svb-division of the Department of Chemistry, J. B. Lindsey, Chemist) INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1925 By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist, assisted by L. S. Walker and G. B. Dalrymple MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS During 1925, 21 firms or individuals registered 24 different brands of agricultural lime and two brands of gypsum or land plaster. The general character of the products is indicated below: Hydrated or slaked lime 12 Lime ashes 3 Precipitated lime 1 Ground limestone 7 Ground shell lime 1 24 Gypsum or land plaster 2 With the exception of four brands, which are listed below, all of the registered products have been analyzed during the season. PRODUCTS NOT SAMPLED Brewer & Co.. Inc., Worcester, Mass., Producto Agricultural Limestone. Edward Bryant Co., 23 Central St., Boston, Mass., Tolman Land Lime; Tolman Lime-Wood Ashes. Vermarco Lime Co., West Rutland, Vt., Vermarco Agricultural Lime. HYDRATED OR SLAKED, PRECIPITATED AND AIR- SLAKED LIME AND LIME ASHES A reference to Table I shows that with few exceptions the guarantees on these products have been satisfactorily maintained. It may be noted that those products relatively high in magnesium vary more or less in composition from year to year. For this reason it is somewhat difficult to give a consistent guarantee of calcium and magnesium oxides. Generally speaking, a variation of a few points either way is not a serious matter provided the sum of the two oxides found is equivalent to that which is guaranteed. In this connection it may be said that magnesium has a somewhat higher neutralizing power than does calcium; on the other hand, as a soil amendment the liigh calcium lime is perhaps more often selected. "Limestone Dust," a by-product of the New England Lime Co., shows the most serious shortage of any of the lime products in this group. It is a dust chamber product which is apt to vary widely in the amount of carbonate of hme present. For this reason it seems that the product carries a guarantee which is rather too high, although analyses in the past may have justified the guarantee claimed. GROUND LIMESTONE AND GROUND SHELL LIME No deficiencies were found in this group of products, although the degree of fineness to which some of them are ground deserves comment. The results shown in the following graph, when compared with the actual cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides, as given in Table II, emphasize the greater effectiveness of the finer ground products, which apparently can be obtained with little or no addi- tional cost over the more coarsely ground materials. For the season of 1924, about 16,640 tons of lime products were sold in Massa- chusetts for application to the soil. This tonnage was about evenly divided between raw ground limestone and the other forms of hme, not counting gypsum or land plaster. It is probable that this tonnage would be every materially in- creased by a substantial reduction in freight rates on this commodity. At present about one-third of the delivery cost of these products is due to such charges. PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF CARBONATES OF LIME. 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT XsJooooi mJ i^^\^.x^^ ■(.. -All NEW EN9LAN0 LIME CO. GRANGERS MANUFACT- URING CO. POWNAL LIME CO. CONNEaiCUT A6ST0NE CO. INC. DONALD U. SMITH SUMMIT LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CO. PRODUCERS SALES CO. 20 I 40 60 80 100 000004 ??o6oo VERY FINE - PASSING 80 -MESH SIEVE. FINE - PASSING 60, CAUGHT BY 80-MESH SIEVE. MEDIUM - PASSING 40, CAUGHT BY 60-MESH SIEVE. COARSE - PASSING 20, CAUGHT BY 40-MESH SIEVE. VERY COARSE - CAUGHT BY 20-MESH SIEVE. EXPLANATION OF TABLES OF ANALYSES In Table I, the column headed "Proportion of total oxides as carbonates" shows not only the extent to which the lime and magnesium have absorbed carbonic acid from the air in the effort to revert back to the original form when taken from the quarry, but may also show the presence of imperfectly burned lime, known as core, which is sometimes ground and made a part of the so-called agricultural hme. Lime or magnesium not in the form of carbonate is present either in the form of burned (caustic) lime or as hydrate (water slaked lime). The column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" gives the calculated amount of lime and magnesium contained in one ton of the product, the assumption being that all of the hme and magnesium from this source will become available during a period of five years. The calculations found in the column headed "Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides in car lots f. o. b. plant" are based on prices furnished by the producers. In estimating the probable cost on a dehvered basis, freight costs from shipping point to destination must be added. In Table II, the data contained in the column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" are calculated as in Table I, except that the degree of fineness to which the Hmestone has been ground is taken into consideration as follows: it is assumed that the lime and magnesium contained in that portion of the product which will pass through a 20-mesh sieve will become available within a five-year period, and what are contained in that portion which fails to pass through the 20-mesh sieve will be only 50 per cent effective during the same period. In both tables the figures in parentheses following the brand name show the number of samples collected and inspected. Table I. Hydrated or Slaked, Precipitated and Air-Slaked Limes and Lime Ashes Name of Manufacturer and Brand Berkshire Hills Co., Gt. Barrington, Mass. Agricultural Lime (1) Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Producto Agricultural Lime (1) Cheshire Lime Manufacturing Co., Cheshire, Mass. Cheshire Agricultural Lime (1) Farnam Cheshire Lime Co., Farnams, Mass. Agricultural Lime (4) Hampton Co., Easthampton, Mass. Precipitated Lime (1) Burton K. Harris, Lime Rock, R. I. Slacked Lime C2) Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Adams Agricultural Lime (1) Adams Lime Ashes (2) George Lawrence, Holyoke, Mass. IJme Ashes (2) Lee Lime Co., Lee, Mass. Agricultural Hydrated Lime (1) New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Connecticut Agricultural Lime (1) Limestone Dust (1) Rockland & Rockport Lime Corp., 45 Milk St., Boston, Mass. U-R Land Lime (5) Calcium Oxide (CaO) Found 62.08 S1.S7 65. 89 64.60 53.09 51.492 62.61 53.493 40.00* 53.65 53.25 61.74 60.17 Guar- anteed 55.00 60.00 58.00 60.00 48.00 50.00 58.00 50.00 35.00 45. 00 40.00 80.00 60.00 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Found 4.67 1.72 1.98 .55 1. 12 20. 86 1.09 1.09 1.09 29.34 27.08 .99 3.96 Guar- anteed 5.00 1.00 .60 .50 .50 18.00 15.00 none .50 a !s O yj 1/3 1/50 1/2 1/2 9/10 1/25 1/4 2/5 1/2 1/20 1/20 3/5 1/3 K a 1335 1672 1357 1303 1084 1447 1274 1092 822 1660 1607 1 2.55 to . 2.>l .37 .31 .83 .50 .38 'The remainder is either hydrated or caustic lime. 2 Another sample, taken at Mansfield, analyzed 40.75% calcium o.xide, 23.60% magnesium oxide, 7.74% carbonic acid and 8.20 insoluble matter. The larger amount of carbonic acid in this sample indicates that it had been kept in storage for several months. Hydrated lime stored under average con- ditions usually absorbs carbonic acid from the air, which increases the weight of the package without detracting from the value of the material for sweetening soil.s. Mr. Harris states that this agent had not received lime from him during the three months previous to the drawing of the sample; also that the agent had requested empty paper sacks, which might have been used to receive not only the contents of broken sacks but lime floor-sweepings as well. It is likely that the analysis given in the table is more repre- sentative of this particular brand of lime. * Two analyses made. One sample tested .88% total potash and .35% phosphoric acid; the other showed only .38% potash and only traces of phosphoric acid. * Total potash found, .53%, guaranteed .25%; phosphoric acid found, only traces, guaranteed, none. Table il. Ground Raw Limestone and Ground Shell Lime Name of Manufactureh AND Brand Connecticut AgstoneCo., Inc., Danbury, Conn. Ground Limestone (1) Grangers Manufacturing Co., West Stockbridge, Mass. Grangers Agricultural Lime- stone (6) NewEnglandLimeCo., Adams, Mass. Ground Limestone (1) Pownal Lime Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Agricultural Lime Stone (C) . . Producers Sales Co., South Norwalk, Conn. Sealshipt Brand Oyster Shell Dust (2) Donald U. Smith, Ashley Falls, Mass. Ashley White Agricultural Lime (1) Summit Limestone Products Co., 8 Bank Row, Pitts- field, Mass. Summit Brand Agricultural Lime Stone (1) Calcium Oxide (CaO) Found ■17.04 50.84 48.55 Guar- anteed 44. 83 47.00 45.00 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Found Guar- anteed 3.00 1.00 Carbonates Lime and Magnesia Found 96.38 92.63 86.71 95. 17 Guar- anteed 90.00 94.00 4) a > o 959 1060 1035 1063 939 Wo s •0.2E Ph2 m SO. 50 .46 Table III. Gypsum or Land Plaster^ Name of Maxufacturkr and Brand Calcium Oxidk (CaO) Calcium Sulfate (CaS04) Magnesium Carbonate (MgCOj) Found Found Guar- anteed Found Guar- anteed The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Fine Ground Nova Scotia Plaster (1) . . . United States Gypsum Co., 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, 111. Ben Franklin Agricultural Gypsum 34.50 30. 99 32.95 30. U X3.75 75.24 80. 00 68.00 1.00 3. 66 ' This form of lime does not neutralize soil acids. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN NO. 35 JULY, 1926 CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA 19254926 By P. E. BRANSFIELD This bulletin gives a detailed record of the 1925-1926 season's work on the control and eradication of bacillaiy white diarrhoea in adult birds. During the season 67,919 birds were tested; only 2.31 per cent of infection was found. One hundred and twenty-four flocks, representing 33,61.'5 birds, were found to be free from the disease, as compared with 79 flocks and 25,390 birds the preceding year. These results indicate that the beginning of the end is near in the elimination of this disease from the breeding flocks in Massachusetts. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL PATHOLOGY CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA 1925-1926 By p. E. BRANSFIELD During the 1925-1926 season the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, through its Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathol- ogy, has continued its work in the control and eradication of bacillary white diarrhoea of poultry in the State. The attempt this year has again been to establish disease free flocks from which chicks and hatching eggs may be obtained. The macroscopic agglutination test has been used as the con- trolling agent. This test is by no means perfect, but it is as reliable as a biologic test can be and at the present time is the best method known for controlling the disease. The Massachusetts Association of Certified Poultry Breeders has continued its good work in improving the poultry industry in the State, and this department has cooperated to this end. The problem presented by the bacillary white diarrhoea situation in this State was thoroughly discussed last year in Control Bulletin No. 31, and only a brief statement need be given here. The disease is caused by a micro- organism known as Sahtionella pullora. These microorganisms become local- ized in the ovaries of the hen and are transmitted through the egg yolk to the chick. The problem in the control of the disease is to detect the hen carriers whose ovarian tissue is diseased or which harbors the organism, by means of the agglutination test. All positive and doubtful reactors should be removed from the breeding flock and disposed of. As an additional pre- cautionary measure the premises should be disinfected after the reactors have been removed. The methods and control measures used this year have been the same as those of previous years. They were fully described in Control Bulletin No. 31 of this Station, and therefore are not repeated here. Service Rendered under the Poultry Disease Elimination Law for the Season ending July 31, 1926. During the 1925-1926 season, 67,919 birds, 3,815 of which were males, have been tested by the macroscopic agglutintition test for bacillary white diar- rhoea. The following tables show the geographical distribution according to breeds, location of reactors, amount of infection among various breeds, and tlie number of flocks having certain limits of infection. Table I. Distribution of Birds Tested and Infection Found during 1925-1926 Reactors County Number of Birds Tested Found Rhode White White Island Leg- White Barred Wyan- Misc. Total Num- Per- Reds horns Rocks Rocks dottes ber cent Barnstable 1,224 0 0 130 0 0 1,354 116 8.57 Berkshire 0 0 0 130 0 0 130 ,5 3.85 Bristol 5,941 1,614 608 694 143 17 9,017 132 1.46 Essex 3,956 485 112 25 0 0 4,578 99 2.16 Franklin 721 0 49 30 0 0 800 41 5.13 Hampden 715 0 0 27 0 0 742 49 6.60 Hampsnire 3,299 147 304 0 6 6 3,762 36 0.96 Middlesex 6,067 61 417 2,643 385 6 9,579 439 4.58 Norfolk 3,719 497 29 36 0 13 4,294 39 0,91 Plymouth 12,423 753 4,531 1,201 517 60 19.485 317 1.63 Worcester 8,713 1,271 1,545 524 2,115 10 14.178 293 2.07 Total Tested 46,778 4,828 7,, 595 5.440 3,166 112 67.919 Reactors: Number 1.000 19 162 200 183 2 1,566 Percent 2. 14 0,39 2 13 3.68 5.78 1.79 2.31 E '5 4) u bn e *> OJ rr, io-*'-iooo'*r~ oOTt* o> £.? ^ooc^j^ooaicM 0^ CD CO "O r^_^ 0-) CM Til CM o> ~ oa CO ^ '-I t- t- ^ 2 CO CM to IM OS )-. c w -*aiO)CC'-iCMr-i CMCM £ 0 C-] ^ ^ 0 C^l |E 4> rr. or~— ii-icoo 0 to CO ■si OsCMt^cOCOOl t~ CM 0 COOtOCMiOCM 00 Tf 0 => Da 1-0 ^ 30 I^ CM CO 2 CM -, ,-, CO rq C-j _" ^ 0-*-*-tOOCDO 10 CO OOOCOC35COfflC0^030 CO ^ P3 ^ ^ T-H C3 ■» Cq CO a> CO Z " " " 10 CM o 0 » i ° CX)'-OiOC0«:cOtDCM'*n as ^ LO CD CO CO 'I'l.Ot^CCiOClrrx — OtO f^ 3 m CM^t^TjiCMr-H ^rt 'f CM Z CM 6 0-1 C3 p: ^ i-O •* X W 't C C-1 CD 0 CO ■* C^l 00 c 0 CM .-H ^ ,-H 0 IE s ^ 0 '^ '?, =^ r eg ■fe«.i5%.vt^i*.fe^^j^'fe«.t*. ■*>^ ^Ji^^oiOOiOOiOOOO rj ■^lOrHr^CMCMCOCO'^lOtO ■c%. "" =" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T 0 S 1 1 1 " a^-icD--cD--cD--'cib.- — ZiJ 1-1.-1CMCMCOCOT10 s Reduction of Infection in flocks Of the 201 poultry plants tested for bacillary white diarrhoea infection during the present season, 98 were tested for th.e first time. Of the remain- ing 103 flocks having had some previous testing, 67 plants have a record of consecutive testing extending back two or more years. The followmg table gives tlie data from these flocks, which are grouped according to the number of years they have been tested. Table III. Average Percentage Reduction of Infection in Flocks Tested Consecutively for Two or More Years. Number of Years Number of Percentage of Infection Tested Flocks 1919-20 1920-21 1&21-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 7 4 18.76 8.17 9.39 2.26 2.74 2.65 1.80 6 4 11.35 8.53 5.94 5.60 1.58 3 52 5 7 11.53 6.02 7.28 2.53 1.13 4 13 12.98 3.58 0.87 1.21 3 11 14.13 2.75 0.49 2 28 6.44 3.35 The Percentages of Birds in the Leading Breeds. The following table shows the relative percentage of birds of different breeds submitted to test. The increase in the relative as well as absolute number of Rhode Island Reds is of interest, as possibly portraying a tend- ency among the poultrymen of the State. Table IV. Number of Birds Tested Each Year, with the Percentages Belonging to Each Breed. 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 Total number of birds tested 24,718 29,875 33,612 59,635 66,503 67,919 Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Rhode Island Reds 44.1 41.7 53.2 57.9 62.2 68.9 White Rocks 12.3 10.6 20.5 13.0 11.2 11.2 Barred Rocks 7.6 12.1 9.5 7 2 6.5 8.0 White Leghorns 22.4 19.9 11.3 16.4 18.6 7.1 White Wyandottes 3.9 8.7 3 6 1.9 .6 4.7 Miscellaneous 9.7 7.0 1.9 3.6 .9 .1 Difficulties Encountered in the Work. One thing which has caused the department quite a little trouble during the past year is the fact that a number of poultrymen do not put on the bands furnished by the College at the time their birds are bled for the test. They prefer to use their own bands which, in most cases, are already on the birds. This causes a great delay in the handling of the samples after they arrive in the laboratory, and has sometimes resulted in some of the samples Ijeing spoiled before they could be tested. Since these samples are not con- secutively numbered, each and every one must be checked off on the data sheet before the samples can be tested. If, on the other hand, the bands arc numbered consecutively, the samples can be set up in the testing racks, which are numbered from 1 to 200, and checked from these racks instead of from the data sheets. The samples can be checked off from the racks in ten or fifteen minutes, whereas it sometimes takes two or three hours to check them from the data sheets when bands without consecutive numbers are used. The department, therefore, urges every poultryman to put the college leg bands on his birds at the time the samples are taken. The expense involved is slight, and any bands already on the birds do not have to be removed. If college leg bands are always used, it will assure the poultryman better service and fewer spoiled samples. There has been some misunderstanding during the past year about filling out application blanks for the test. Some persons apparently did not under- stand that applications for the work must be filled out each year and filed witli the department. This is necessary because the department must know Iiow many birds a man has for test each year and at approximately what iime these birds, especially the pullets, will be ready for testing. However, the application blanks which are to be sent out for the coming season's work state that applications must be filed each year, and no more troulile is expected from this source. There has also been some misunderstanding about retests. With the pres- ent personnel and facilities of the department, it is practically impossible to do any retesting until every man who has applied tor the test has had an opportunity to have the work done once. This means that seldom can re- testing be done until the latter part of the season, if at all, in the same testing year. Still another factor affecting the testing work which seems to be misunder- stood is the fact that the appropriation for tiiis work is limited, and conse- quently the amount of testing that can be done during the breeding season is limited. The work is, of course, of little or no value to poultrymen after the breeding season is over. The routes of the field men are carefully planned so that a maxinuun number of !>aniples may be obtained with a minimum expenditure of time and money, and so that no more samples are sent in each week than the laboratory force can handle. In planning tlie work with these ends in view, it is sometimes necessary to give the preference to a man who has had no previous testing done, ^'henever this happens it is not through favoritism, but because it is necessary for the most econonaical prosecution of the work. Summary. During the 1925-1926 season, fi7,919 birds were tested for bacillary white diarrhoea, this being 1,416 more than during the same period last year. One hundred and twenty-four bacillary white diarrhoea free flocks were established, this being 45 more than last year. This is the most interesting phase of the work of this year because it shows that the poultrymen are cooperating fully with this department in its efforts to eradicate bacillary white diarrhoea infection from the breeding flocks in Massachusetts. Publication of this Docujient approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 4500. 6-'26. Order 5657. CONTROL SE ;ES BULLETIN No. 36 NOVEMBER, 1926 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith and Frank J. Kokoski Massachusetts, some thirty years ago, was one of the first states to control the sale of feeding stuffs through legislation. Other states, realizing the wisdom of this policy, gradually followed until at the present time every state having an extensive dairy and live stock industry has a feeding stuffs act upon its statute books. Such an act is of especial importance where so much of the food for our farm animals is purchased outside of the state boundaries. This publication is the thirty-second report of the work of feeding stuff inspection. It presents the results of the chemical and microscopic analyses on 1,428 samples of feeding stuffs intended for live stock and poultry con- sumption, collected during the year ending September 1, 1926. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 3M ll-'26 Order 6847 CONTROL SERVICE INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS BY PHILIP H. SMITH, FRANK J. KOKOSKI AND GEORGE B. DALRYMPLE,' CHEMISTS, FREDERICK A. McLAUGHLIN, MICROSCOPIST, AND JAMES T. HOWARD, INSPECTOR. Summary This bulletin contains the results of the thirtieth year of feeding stufif in- spection. During the year (Sept. 1, 1925, to Sept. 1, 1926) 1,428 samples of feeding stuffs, collected of dealers and manufacturers, were analyzed and are herein reported. This number is greater than for the preceding year, due to the fact that increased appropriation made a more complete inspection 'possible. Two hundred and fifty-five dealers, located in 137 towns and cities, were visited at least once. Eight hundred and seventy-four brands of feedstuffs were registered for sale in Massachusetts by 247 manufacturers Or dealers. At the request of officials having in charge the enforcement of the Federal Food and Drugs Act, several samples of cottonseed meal were taken, result- ing in the seizure of one carload on account of its low protein content. This was later released, after being properly tagged. During the past few years there appears to have been a great increase in the prepared feeds offered, both as to tonnage and number of brands. This is especially true of the dairy feeds. Whether it is more economical to pur- chase prepared mixtures than to practice home mixing depends upon market conditions and the facilities at hand. * Resigned. o§ o o o o w H "^ « " 03 (D OS IMC>< CONIM(NCO(N--;qT)<'.^i--;-H q-Hqqqqqqq-^qqqqqqqqqqq CO'HCDCO'H-^CD-^CO'HCD'.dcO-^COcdcO-HaicOO '3<^CO-*tCOCOrl)-H 'NC^'t^co— it>^cD(NTt;o-Hi^cot^cooii^c0000'tCOCOC005'-i o o o g OOOo 3 3 s g 3 OO a a ■a gfe O O O 3 .000;3 . . fl fl fl 3 o o 0<| jo^ ooo-°«°= m i to °^ ■^*^ d' OJ 0) .2 ^ > i, t, t. jj O O aaac . . § 5 g^w« 3 3 3 -g . ■^^ ■T3n3T3, o o Ol ._ _ OOggggd CO tn p O O qI.^ o3 c3 o O O "?^°^ oi 03 aaag . 'E'E S S S-^lz; c^ cS O) a; o ^ qqqqqq L'j ui »o i-o lO :d CO q q t^ q IN O ffl b^ «D CO t-^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO o o a ■I'S I all - «^ >>n: MrS iJ5Sa5 o 5 • "B 03 *• S 'S ■ -^^ I • C T) PJ mo g 0 is _^ ■* CO ^v^^o c ^ " .*a 1^ a „ „— — COr-tCD _1 ia§Sag^'«_,.2-afe.f.^.t:.ti-s-^^S« g i-ce Oh ;3 o Q T3 CD C o V o o P 1 o « ' o cc U) « ^ PC4 s O ? l/J X Oh § k'i ,,,.— s. c4 p e <«3 4) 1— 1 M «J Vh a> > -< Pi a o |S£w2 03 a; OS lO »0 Tji ^ lO qqqqq CO M CO CO CO (NN(N-. lO CO CD CO O CO O iO lO CO to »0 lO lO IC »c ^ •noNqtoqic ■^ Tji Tji Tji pj •<); CO iM 05 in 1-1 q q ^»^cdt>^05cdcdt^t^ t^coiooqcoTjioot^-^t- doo— ioodoJoJooJ o ce o ^o • -m^ ra on: ■ 'OS rr c3 o -^^a O . ■ to O .. o _ -3 r, .-a .n o Ms o<5 ' O cS- mOcQ QQ 5° S S-S'O •SI •I' So O^^ 2 « cj S a50(x,fepSz:2;(i,o' S ^ fe cS ;^^ O C '^s -^ ;"— "^ 03 — "o 0> ^;- CO o 5 « 2 ■-a — . M c4 O Qcq CO—lOS'-lt- --I -^ 1-1 i-l rt CO >-l M CO rH(N — ^'-I'H.^lN — CO e;lN'OCQ-i<-*Qq co^t'.^00(N»000000'0'--oo ■oot>. ■*005-*Mt^OOt>;aJCOOiO-^i,-5C)0;M^_C<3»-^TjHt>-t^<^t>- CO t^u6o6:D»Ot^COt>-t*t>-CDiOt* t~i-i02CO'no3'-ioi'-i'^cot--t^oooqo;ost>.ooot~;Moqi-Hio , , ^. ,, , tJ'.^coo6ot>^-*tDcdt-^odcDr-^o6oQOo6'oo't^oot^i-Hod 00"^ qqqqqt-qqqqqqo'nqqio oooooiooiM'OO'Ot^'oqqMq'OiocoqiO'oqq ot^o>ot^cO'Ht>.T)HoiO'^c<;e;'^qco qqqqqqqqioqqqqqqqq COCO»OCOCOtO^CO>0*00»Ot^'Ot— >oco coqoqoqt^oqi>oqqT)^05cot^cdt^ •0(NoqoO'-;T(ooot^oqqqqqq'-;qqqNqqqqq uo»did»d"TtHcD»d'»^oididid»^»oid4did»d^»d»d»dcDcDi> t^O'*'Ot-iioTt;q'Ooqoqqoq ocdcd'd»didco>did»dtdt^cdcdo>dcdcd>ocDco'-Oio»o>o O'-i'-iiMc0'^'-i-*0!0)'-|qqqiM_q'-^«" - o ° 0-9-S ^ SI3 -2 2 -L^^ =3 ^ o o 33 g . §S d^ op'^ 3 2-« rtpl.-li-n.'Sr-ICONCOrti-i-Hi-l-^i-iMi-l rlrtC<)'OMC^'HC-HrtON-HC-0'<*ppen'nNM'*t^oqoqt^t-t-t~.t-.t»coo5Cpi--;Nt>.M"505Mpp »H ^ . Pi d a; •^ o -r! •« ^ I •5 I § Oi K ^ fe I '^ "S m •£ ^ § I 'oooooooooppppN'opicppp'oppppppicicppinopop cot-OLO.-HOcO(»-*c<;i-^t^>nMpoqMMe;'^Np<-;pT)cio3(zjc»oo6oo6c5^■^odoo6o6t^oio3^■^oio6odo6^^cdc»od'-~o<;c3c> 6 O O - 05 M^ o SO'f d.SsM — fa's "'^ ® _ ^ t" m fe P'^li I-^THC^c<5-H,-lc<5»-^•-ll-ll-lr-(-^cqec'-^lN■*>-l'Hro^5l^^'-lT^.W'Hr-lIH1-lI-lIHeoe<^•<*^ CO qqqqqqqqqpqqoq M-^oO'.ooc»5cat>.qq(Nqoooq qqqqqqqqqqqqqq oooiMcDOt-oq'oqqqqNq qqqqqqqqqqqq>oq odoodooooddooo r>.ioinor^ot~;t^rot-.q'-;oq^ qqqq M'ddd oqqq 00 t^ 00 00 iN(N(N rt ,rtrtrt (M(N(N •-( OO'Ci-H d>oco t^ *-H C^ 00 X '-^ »0 t>- O I^ O C^ »0 CO '~!'^'^*^ '^^^ ddddoddooddodddoooo t>^t>^'Ctd ■^tito 6o§ W05 O) 3 O ;3 Ph !=1 f3 '~' '-JS d Ti d +3 0) o d ■•-> ( ) o a> O y> m M '^ •O W 0) Px^ fci |X4 Q s' W •ri o % O m fh CO Oh tJs 5d o - cu , -J fc. g « J< o qqqoqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq oj o oi o o o o> 05 (» o d oJ o o d 00 00 (N d "o 00 ci o oO'O'-it^t^cO'-i'Oc^MoO'^'oqoai'Hijico'ncDi-Hio t-^oot^dt^^ddooodoooooddciiM'oiddoocoddod 00>0'<*'t^OOU3CD^OOiO.-iOiOot^o6d'-<-*^'-iodt>^oo'?DcDdt>^i^ t^.'Ooqoq'-iMqt-oq'-; qqqoqqqqqq ddoid"-iddddd t^cqb-t-Mrtr-iqtoco t^t^t^ddodoii-id'-i ooqTjit,(Ni-H— it^qic i--;oid qqqqqq'oqi.oqi5qqqqqqqqqqqq qqqinqqioi/jqq ■-;qqcoc^ioqt-.co»o^^»odiOTj*ir3Tiiioioto coqqcqiNt-qqqq qqqqqqqqoqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Tji -;)< lo c<3 d ■* d 't -^ C3 T)< ■* o d d "ji (N N -^ d to d oi oooooooooo d d ■* 00 ic d d 00 d d #qioccq;'OM(NqqqtciNoq'*iNco dt^dddooddodooddoddooodirioddt^oddod qq>oe<|in->i(mio >- >.1'W g; c3 o . O . « CCi • rj -OS - es C « si-r) IS CrS^ta CI lUpi OS tj 3 rtt^ 3r? t'-'=. -z^ « o •^fa 3 2 &g I 2 8-3 g g 1 1 1 § § i S.a.y.S £|.£ i^|- S'SOWraOoJPtfCtiOOOOO'OQCQWQSQZWW "9 Si? O 03 wSww O O) 03 ^ CO S o 2 " « S P S 9 « --H C O d 0) WWOJPh M-j3N'*-HC0rHi-(T^iN>-ii-ii-i(NiN(N>-'l^MIMC0CqC0(N CONINO'-l-HMMN oooppoooooooo»oooooooooooooooooo»cooooooooooooo n' oi 'O (X3 C O O N •-" C^' N O 03 0> O O O C^' 00 O CO o -^^ WINM do 00 M^C*DCOt*COeOOO-^00»-H:DMOOCi'CcOOO»00003CD03CO-^0:D'-H03»C(NiCCOiOO^OcOCOCO»OTtodo'^^o'^^03>-HO>o'm'oodl-^ ■>j0 T)-;opcopooqNoq-HO'^oqwt~oot>.i o V^ »^ d ffl rfi (N M c) 0) !3 c3 03 03 03 0) 5_0_0_0_0 3 cS ^ c3 03 ri tS iC tlJ iC 3 3 33 3 ^5^*2 wcoouooocjO-adC £5 3 3 c a 3 c aO g»-_^>-iHH • o o 6 6 OOOOOC ~^ M M M-n- 0) C C C u .2.2.2=a^ W t- p. tH JJ 03 03 03^ P» a 3 3 c6 > o o o OS o )0000<5o 4 tH U tH b< 3 C3 ) "o "c "o "o (^ . -^ iPhPliPhCl, p^^ ^Ji^<^js 9 3 w t- t-, QJ Zj S 3 3 a M MfiH (n ^ m'S'S'S.S.S oj cW ;oo U U U P^ "^ ^i^izdl-S'i-iisis :! 3 3 "l* « S n 3 3 ooa§§ ||-« «aBa3^'t«m?5 ^' -3 !3 _3 4i flj ' I *— t 5<££jD 3 3 03 03"^ (iojMwcotB'f-E-ih •73^ T3 O O n OS o^ s's « — T3T3 c3 c c -O >i o! o3 O) O tH ^ H(2 • 4> c 0.3 tag •hO ^ ® oj ca S^ .2 oa 2 2 oa| o «o^m 1'^ •'2-3.o'g3 2 t5«-S;SQ^S.2- f5 >i S •50 3 2 2^ SB'S §0-5=; rt a 03 03 .>'K2'Sf^ J -3 ->^ "O ^ 'S 2 ° 01 03/-, P t^ Q . K„Q ^g"-^^^ 03 ^ '^°Q?I^.^Q-°^^°^ &Q^ii; B s^*^:s-^ g'>.&."s g illOQ S OhJ- B 4)5 £ tj O ti L^ fn CO . _ > CO I^ — .L-tlwra (It __ CONNCO •* CO->»iC^Tj(.-(t^C^'>1C(N 10 v-» x; a> !3 a; >-j Tl fl S •t3 o f ; ■*-> U o 0) (; n CO 1 o O 1 W rr' U) w -r^ 0) fo 0 k, '*■< ca .;;; o <; <4J m (^ >. ^ < 2 oooocqqow o Tji d 00 oi ci IN oc a 00 (N o i-o CO o >-; q o oo-Hooot^^t-^t-^ood t>.ooco^'-Hqt>.icoc iooiddo6t--lco 'O q q,q o o »/: lo »o lO ■^' i-*^ "(^ oqqqqqqqq ■^dcoi:rQ 0 9'^ afn-tf — O arj^.b 2 r> M-d _ __ ^ i; ^ -K .2 x3 » =3 a 2 3 "^ o „T3"d m (ua ji o oqi>-* lodoo q q q q q o oddt>^ •* t-^06 qoqt>. qqo 6 0 M '.9 a c3 .- 0 =3 0 a^O 0^ " '^fS * 05£ **-• ^ M £.S<: h^^Ui a^o- bog &f=H S 03 S O fl-g 03 Sir a c3 o 03 V oo «O00 1-105 0 *"* '"' '"' t-.M(N ts.ioiO OOiCt^ O2 00CT oa>t~ t^iOO) 05-XI'* co^co LOO CD CO 500 OOiO 000 ■*C0-* Tt(^^ C0C5— 1 T)ia5Ti< OCOiO Tt1-1oo t^OltO t^ooo . 0 , 0 .■3 . a 6 •'SO .hi . 0 . •Oo3 Oo- r'l 4> in ^* 3 ® 1^^ « 0 TJ « 0 M ^ 00 ■•3 • 0) 4J 3 0 m S T3 ^ 7, JB ^^^^ ■ 1. "0 S-bK ■0 S5<^ 0 y, 0 OOQ -5 sSm 0 X 0 CO §.2.9 ^^^ COMCO 11 ■* o: q 05 1-; '-; q q o q q lc t»i q ooot^t^oo'oq'oqqqi-oqqqqi.oqqqqqqqqqq d w M ffl cJ c^ N 05 c^ C! oj cvi T^" G3 N o N 00 oi d '^ o c^i .-< -^ (N M 'OM'Ci-^oqt-;C»c^c<5oq(»qrH(NTiOTf-qq'Hicoq-*oqqqqT)Hoq-HqqTjidc^cor-^'odc»5dTf'-;oq-*qqqqq-*qqqqt>;eoqoq i-HoqqooTttCQi-HqN qqoqt^q oooq'oqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqioq>oqioqq d d d -H o3 oj od o> d d d oi 00 d -H d d oD d d t>^ d oJ d d d d d (N q q q q q q lo q q q q q lO q o6oddo6t>^odi^o6d doodt^d -^t-oo-^ooo;qq(Nq'*t>.oq>oiooq'fqcoqt>.qqoqt^«ooq rtddi-dt-^x ooocoeIddodo6odt^o6odt>^t-^odt>^ddt^dt>^d(^t^o6do6oo'odddt>^ CO q 00 CO t- q q >-; lo osco-^oit- dodododcdodododd t^t^oot^oo' 3 6 a OO 3:^ S S :»3 +3 ^ c3 o4 tn O O M • c a ■ ■ ■ ■ "3 ° ►S d XI .^ d c . r O •o °^£ a a3 o ■ d d ■ a *; . c o o a U oo -3 gd§ja2coodyi ^^ 2 -O s°^^Ki3a d.S.S a cO^rd u i-tSO a; o a a^^ ■s £^'^oa'^-2.s t<££o>. rt"5.2 -^kS a ■ '(-^ .t3 .TS-d ~i o^ a « « Stq oJ'm' [i, _o _ ___ O « «»U 5 aj^ ax: 1) o o*^ o wwo)lM^COC0-<>O?lr^lNC--((^q^5oq■*'0.--||N.q^>. i>^cooc3^ioodc>tdoTOt-^0'-^o>t^td'-->!0'C'HNodt>^o6 "■" '■''. '^. m M r: f^s Q O ^ ^ w ?^ C < HH a> I- 5 lU >< O qoq^oqq■*qoqqcoc^c^5■*l--^qc<51--^^-oo■*Noq^-.«qoq■* C^(NM-H,4rH06t-^<--<'H06c<5ric0O03C "Oico'oooo'OOO'oo'oqqioioiNqioq'oqqqqq c-; '" oq q 00 00 cococoeo-^cOT)<(NeoeoaJcoTiHNTj(coNcocoM'coTtiT}(NfOC-.oooqi>-qt>- ooio'oJ-^'cqoooocoddod-ii^odocoiNoiN-t'oocicood iNC5^»co-,oooqt^cooO'0(Ni<-^qcoqioqc- - t- ^n » ^SQCjO o3S aT3 '^^ 5KW' 3 — ,-=,?-ir:=;::5 ^'otk o o c ggJS^s = -5-gS^SSSS_-2 = S3C ■ ■■€r=:=r gfe „ wOu « S o ^ « "H o'ao (POO

^ d ® ■^ o q ^ 5 (P yji "S c3 oj o c I*.' "^ ^ 0) Oioo (NCO-^ LOT); 00 c c 6 3[^f M 4J ^ ""-■ -C oj o c 0;^ S S s W c a > a

3 3^ i~< M r^ 3 g e 3 3 t^ a-=! — S^ °Ss; u ^ __ "2 £^ 3-2; X Cl C^ »^ '^ C) CO M W CO T-H C<1 O lO C^ " " c> ■ 13 cooqjqciqo-^O'Oco.-H.-HTj.Nrtoqrtoqi-H q'oqqoqqo'cqqco>oqqqqq>o qqqqicicqqoqqqiqqqqqqqqqq qi-H'0'0-*iONWc<3.-iqoqoc<500Ttot>:(Ncoeoqqqt>.r-;oq qcO"* (N O IN m rt rt 35 Tt< c^' (N IN 'O (>; OS CO r>^ 00 _ _ _ _ to -^ O CO CD 'O »0 CO 'O lOCO cD>OiO»OiO*00»0 I0«0i0i0i0i0»0i0c0i0^i0t0^i0>0»c»0'0i0>0 coqqoot>;t-;C^MiNi-i'0 05'*-^05cd"OT)io6iNT}oqqinqqqqqq>o ■^ T)i CO "*< CO Tji lO •^' ^" Tji CO M ■^' "O ■*" lO CO ■<* ■*' »cqqqioqqqqqqqq>oqqqioicqq ■^ lO tH ■^' •^' ■^' T^' 't Tji •^' -^ iO -^' irf Tj< T(< TjJ l-J -^ Tf U5 q^qqioq'-;qqqcoq'-;oor>.'^t>.oOM< OTti-^otoiocbtOiOiOco-^^'cDio-^-^'iooto i.oqioi--.q-HC-t^coo2t>.'* ^CD'OOcD»0»0'^CO>OCO»0^"»0"^'-^t}«CO'OtI*0 qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqioqq ^■^■oodcD''dodod^^co■>^cdcd^^^^'OcDT^^'•t^^lf■ai qqooomTfoo'ooif^OJOO'. t>-'HTj^t^oit^a5>ooo'cdo«o-^odo6t^'Ct^co^o6odoi .-HrH''^_qcocO'Hiccoqqt~.ioqq^oOfco^t>. ooJoioo5 0s05a5 05<33o6o6oio6o!oiaiooood > 2 =3 PL, O 6 J bn ^ C > >>° O s-2=af^ c! 3-^-^Q Mo On .-liao :=; 3 £"00 -5 "^ ^ 3.5 .S 5 ^" ai - . -<;^ O-i^" MJ3 O g 3^? oO c — ^ .O d d .; 3^;s o d ■ bC^^ 5f-3 < Offi I (i,r o^l-a-^ — ^ n*. s- "^ o Sic.5 s-^^oi >5'^ C s S ■ 3 *" -s 03 CO ^rr U«C5 o -co ■5 = 0 g J'g o r-oJ'^ M-; t? O c3j= ^oaao '^'.2.»=C3' -^ = s s 3 O 2 3 O'S osO i; C3 ^-9 O S'^ 03. — "^ a "" o3 aj >• 03 -r: .>-i 2 ~ "S' ^ 03 bljt- :-T 2-^ =0 S:S 3 ISP^S^-g 2 2 S^-gS^ § 2 2 gg3 cQooc>'aaKa«oOkjSPi'a2;0Tf<;qC0Q0O"5C>O-*CTiOM'--it~ loqo'opqqp'O'o qqqqqqqqqqqo'oq'cqt^.qqqqqoq'O J3 S ® i qq-*c.coqojt-;OiNcoq oo5o6a;0'H03coo:ddc^o6oit^o6'---ii-ir-.cs-H(Ncqi-<^odo6iC'*ioo>cidd aoNoO'-iqrt'qcoqTjtqiooocaiMqm^N'O'^'n^osO cc d d c-i,-c>-i oa>'-iooqooq"a;co'0'Xi;Docoo'0'-itD'-HtD"-iT)Ht~xo do6do6oddo6do6d3>odo6ddodo6ddoddt^ddd OU • o r • • • . 0_j o ■ '^SdO ..S . O 5^ CS . cc •do -•;• a^M '^-c iidd^j,- . . 6imh §ga S[i,fcH«!5r5 o -r^.:; d 3 > nS^ c c C C.O do «"^ ri "gS ■ -^ C [-< Ih f-, •" rt 'T' !3 CD — I M .-^ L- D — « .-H ci ri 'E & M >> >> ri s^, 3a)^(uca.5:n3 ----- - >>>>?5 '■* — :C'-ii-iM"'-tMT»oo'-H-HpTiiqiOLocoostct-.oqooc<5ro(»(»iOMt~ot^'HMOiO-*»-;t-;-^-Ht>. O'Hooioo-^'Oco'coiiricNosoJr^ooJoiaJofflMO'^'rHON'-^oJoc^ooTiioi'HW •H . ■ 5 . o ■ c c . . o u 1— 1 ^' tu m ' K M 0 'M ■^ 6 o 6 J 5=3 M M „M CD • • • ■ 2 2 g • • -i . • . . o • .^^^O I— 'U -CJr- £-.1—1 ,= U«"pOO^- 0;3^ goo o- d 5 ' ~ "* f cW °^ *^ _ .^^f >-r , _ _*J o o OO u o o (1) > > (^ c».-^ ^0"5od^^03o6t~^cb^^cooa3•J2^o6^-^ooc(»'^»^-i■-D(»td(»a3^^^dod(»ojoc»ooi^^03o6o6No^ t>^o6 •*•*lONq1--^l-^.--ocD»oiootocd coo K»-;i>;-^-Ht>.qoq'-<(NCoc«5u5qoopJoqoqqq»coqMqi--;qqr-;'noppc<5NiO(»>o« Nt-. qqqioqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq qq tdo6o(»<3Cp6oo>odoo<>iocdc>ot-ici(Noodo6o6r-^Loddocoo6(X)'--.q'^q•ONc^5(»c<5^cqoqq■*■-HpTJ---t>.t>.t>.t>.r-'^ot>.t-.ot>.b-t~t^t»t>.t>.r-.t>. >o O O O lO o o »0 '^ iO TIH -^ '^" -^ CO CO »0 lOmioujioopo'-Tppp'Ooomooo'O rH C^ rf_ p ^ ■* 00 CO t^ O »0 CO lO »^ -t5*^ a — 3 aj 0) 1^ > ° >v ^ 0.2 "^ K-^ a 03 03 a 5 03 — «ja o o 3 « PQOOOCQ r^ORfx,-^^ >'>,-^ ^'2, ^^2 00 fePQ*-^ CC 00 A '^1 o -73 a ii :50^patf » (US a) 0) .= O^fa-^.2 T3 ■3-a.H i.'3^ K r^-S _ _ « 0) o »3 U C3 a ftx t. '3 T3 OPL,[i,t^a}^HO r-< -I r-< Cq CM CM ■* CM— I— iCM^CMrHCMCO-^CMiOn-*— ICM— IM^-H 17 imOXlMMiOt^'-it^CO-HMiO-^-^t^MiOOOCOlM CO lO O ^ O 'O rt 00 CJ > rq,_irtrHi-(iM(M(N(NNO)C^iM'-i'-it-((Nrte<3(NCododo3 00©iocoooo"0«oo T}( .-H CSI O IM lO -H t^ M O 'O OS ooooooooooooooooooooo COOOOO0»0>0»0»000 t^tO'-loatd^OrotOOOCOOINOl^COffilN'-lXcO tOt-.CvltDt^tOOSI^'t'-iOO iOCOO»OiO»OiO^'^tCiOc0^cOCOt>»*OCC'tC»0»0 ■^ o Mac rt^ Q.2P cs

oh^' o o o » i«m"a 2 I C cWM OJ OJ 03 . -c-o ^ - « C C O bC tfi 5 <1J rt.S.SjS s ^6 ■H o- 0^0 rt o o •E-CJ3-C^ S « « O C3 i°a o '^ K E E Sja _^ C OJ 0) o m a. ? rsw o !->^ O O - a^ (K-'^tn'-^-'D.** a o . .i/J o : .03 ■ -03(2 a. • ■ " S £ '«-i"a -=5 g "3 o «' a 5^:72 OTSog^jgaaa^ eS^!^ 1e =3 §. Q a" S'S SP-l 25!^lll rfiJ — ^ C3 C3 M — 1 ? 5C°„ t^m ojcli cQ,s_— o'^'^ i — cQ" efl'* ^i'2 5-^ !; o c3 c3 cri— t oi;^<: fLiaQ■ .^ roci-H'x'dc -«' d c: lo -! -h' d cj I-' -^ d u-i m" « i^ d Phos- phoric Acid. C<1X0-. W.rw -^(NlM5000505f~ ■* ^! d — ■ — ' -9< oi cvi ^ ?q M "<' -^ ^ -^ ' ' co ■< Guar- anteed. 8.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 8.0 8,0 0.0 ti.O 8,0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 5.0 5 . 0 5.0 0.0 5.0 .1 5.0 Found. 14 . 8 7.8 J2.3 15.1 n.3 14.2 13.9 12.8 8.8 9.9 ill 12,2 11,2 11, S 3.8 1.8 5.0 9.1 5 . S 2.5 1.8 C.9 5 o « Guar- anteed. OCCOOC OOOCCCICC oocooc o o d o d d d to >n d o lo ic d L'T d c^ddidddi o d 3 X— 'Ct-OC: To'-': C-. C: — c t^ — . t-~. rOX-*!^ -^ t^ rj o m' d CO d I.-; X (N L': -i j^ d d r~ o o co c^i -^i co ^ i z Geo. E. Marsh Co Jas. F. Morse & Co Jas. F. Morse & Co New England By-Products Corp. . New England By-Products Corp. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co. Norton Tallow Co Pawtucket Rendering Co. John Reardon & Sons Co. John Reardon & Sons Co. . . \ Springfield Rendering Co. C. P. Washburn Co Worcester Rendering C'o Worcester Rendering Co John C. Dow C'o Hinckley Rendering Co. . . . . Lowell Rendering Co. .... Pawtucket Rendering Co. Springfield Rendering Co. Worcester Rendering Co. . . Russia Cement Co Collis Products Co Q H Meat and Bone — Con. Marsh's Pure Ground Scraps . Mcjrse's 55 Ciround Beef Scrai)s Poultry Food Blue Seal Meat Scraps .... White Seal Meat Scraps .... Poultry Scraps Norton's High Grade Meat and Hone Poultry Food Pawtiicket Meat Scrap .... Reardon's 55 Meat Scrai)s Reardon's 45% Protein Meat Scraps Springfield Ground Meat Scraps Apex Meat Scraps Prosperity Worcester Poidtry li'eed Royal Worcester Poultry Feed Bone. Dow's Bone Meal ..... Hinckley Edible Bone Meal Peerless Bone Meal Pawtucket Bone Meal .... Springfield Bone Meal .... Prosperity Worcester Bone Meal Fish. Chic-Chuk Milk Products. CoUis Process Pure Dried Buttermilk . 3 £ a -0.1 -^ x CO. ^ — M — — ■--■ — — XM — M-H — . rt O 19 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees. (Shortages of less than one per cent in protein or fat or an excess of less than one per cent fiber are not listed.) Samples Col- lected. Samples not conforming to Guarantee. Manufacturer and Brand. Protein Deficiency Per Cent. Fat Deficiency Per Cent. Fiber Excess Per Cent. 2 1 E. T. Allen Co. Empire High Grade Cottonseed Meal . 1.2 . _ 1 1 Beach Soap Co. Beach's Superior Beef Scraps . 2.6 - - 6 1 Beacon Milling Co., Inc. Beacon Dairy Ration .... » 1.2 - - 2 2 Eugene B. Bowen f Bowen's Dairy Feed .... \ Bowen's Dairy Feed .... 1.3 2.5 _ _ 2 1 Buckeye Cotton Oil Co. Buckeye 36% Cottonseed Meal . . 1.1 - - 4 1 Caledonia Mills, Inc. Green Mountain Dairy Ration 1.1 - - 1 1 Clyde Renco Milling Co., Inc. Renco Makenipay Dairy Ration . 2.0 - - 2 1 Commander Mill Co. Commander Wheat Standard ^liddlings - - 1.3 4 1 E. A. Cowee Co. Coweco 1922 Ration 1.5 - - 1 1 Crosby Milling Co. Crosby's Egg Mash 1.1 - - 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 J. Gushing Co. f Diamond A Dairy Ration \ Diamond A Dairy Ration Diamond A Stock Feed Quahty 20% Dairy Feed f Quality Stock Feed \ Quality Stock Feed / Vigor 16% Dairy Feed Vigor 16% Dairy Feed 2.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 - 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.6 1.7 2.3 7 2 Cutler Co. ( King Dairy Ration .... \ King Dairy Ration .... : 1.1 1.3 - 1 1 Albert Dickinson Co. Globe Egg Mash 1.0 - 1 1 John C. Dow Co. Dow's Bone Meal . . ... _ 2.2 - 1 1 Eastern Grain Co. Eastern Stock Feed ..... - _ 1.4 4 3 1 1 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States Egg Mash Eastern States Horse Feed 1.7 1.0 - : 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 John W. Eshelman & Sons Cones toga 18 Dairy Feed . f Eshelman's Stock Feed \ Eshelman's Stock Feed Eshelman's Sugared Stock Feed Lancaster 60 Horse Feed . Pennsy 16 Dairy Feed Red Rose 24 Dairy Feed - - 1.4 1.3 1.3 3.8 1.5 2.9 1.2 2 1 Flory Milling Co., Inc. Flory's Special Stock Feed - - 3.8 2 1 J. B. Garland & Son Royal Worcester Mixed Feed 1.5 - 1.9 20 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Continued. Samples Col- lected. Samples not conforming to Guarantee. Manufacturer and Brand. Protein Deficiency Per Cent. Fat Deficiency Per Cent. Fiber Excess Per Cent. 1 1 Glen Mills Cereal Co. Glenceco Wheat Feed .... 1.6 . _ 2 1 Hecker-H-O Co., Inc. Algrane Horse Feed 1.3 - 1.4 2 1 W. B. Herrick Colonial Feed - 1.3 - 1 1 Hinckley Rendering Co. Hinckley Edible Bone Meal . - 3.2 - 3 2 Horvitz Grain Co. ( Wantmore Stock Feed \ Wantmore Stock Feed - - 1.5 • 2.0 5 1 Humphreys-Godwin Co. Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal 1.2 _ - 2 1 International Sugar Feed Co. International Sugared Dairy Feed - - 1.2 1 1 L. B. Lovitt & Co. Lovit Brand 43% Cottonseed Meal 1.1 - - 1 1 Geo. E. Marsh Co. Marsh's Diamond Special Scraps for Poultry 1.1 _ _ 7 1 Memphis Cottonseed Products Co. Durham 36 Cottonseed Meal 1.3 - - 2 2 Jas. F. Morse & Co. f Morse's 55 Ground Beef Scraps \ Morse's 55 Ground Beef Scraps - 2.0 2.2 _ 6 4 Narragansett Milling Co. f Narragansett Indian Mash 1 Narragansett Indian Mash 1 Narragansett Indian Mash [ Narragansett Indian Mash 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.0 - - 2 1 New England By-Products Corp. Blue Seal Meat Scraps .... 1.1 - - 6 1 Norton Tallow Co. Norton's High Grade Meat A Bone Poultry Food 1.3 ~ _ 3 1 James H. Nye Co. Nye's Balanced Ration .... 2.7 ~ - 3 1 Old Reliable Milling Co. Puraflax Ground Screenings . - 1.2 - 1 1 Osakis Milling Co. Dandy Red Dog Flour .... 1.0 - - 4 2 1 3 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Park & Pollard Co., Inc. Bonnie Booster Economy Feed Herdhelth Ration .... Lay or Bust Dry Mash f Milkmaid 24% Dairy Ration . \ Milkmaid 24% Dairy Ration Stevens 44 Sweetened Dairy Ration Universal Ration 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 2.3 4 1 Purina Mills Purina O Molene Feed .... 1.0 - - 1 Quaker Oats Co. Yellow Hominy Feed .... - 1.2 - 21 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Concluded. Samples Samples not Protein Fat Fiber Col- conforming to Manufacturer and Brand. Deficiency Deficiency Excess lected. Guarantee. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Quisenberry Feed Manufacturing: Co. 1 1 Quality Favorite Feed .... 1.7 — - 3 2 T Quality Laying Mash .... \ Quality Laying Mash 1.1 - - 1.1 - - E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co. 4 1 Rauh's Meato John Reardon & Sons Co. 8.3 " " 1 1 Reardon's 5.5 Meat Scraps Ropes Brothers 2.1 " " 3 1 Ropes Poultry Hash .... Rosenbaum Bros. 2.8 7 1 Advance Dairy Feed .... St. Albans Grain Co. 2.6 " " 2 f Bristol Stock Feed .... \ Bristol Stock Feed .... _ _ 1.0 2 — _ 2.0 5 1 Wirthmore Buttermilk Baby Chick Food - 1.4 - Sheets Elevator Co. 2 2 / Haskell's Stock Feed .... \ Haskell's Stock Feed .... — 1.4 _ - 1.1 ~ United Flour & Feed Co., Inc. 1 1 United Laying Mash (Storrs Formula) . C. P. Washburn Co. 1.0 ' 3 2 1 Made Right Dairy Feed \ Made Right Dairy Feed 1.6 - - - - 1.3 H. K. Webster Co. 1 1 Blue Seal Meato Buttermilk Mash 1.1 _ _ 1 1 Blue Seal Special Dairy Feed 16% Whittemore Co. 1.2 1.5 ' 1 1 Whittemore's Dairy Ration . Stanley Wood Grain Co. 4.4 " " 2 1 Bliss Dairy Ration .... — — 1.4 5 ' Bli.ss Dairy Ration — 1.5 4 2 I Preferred Laying Mash 1.0 _ Preferred Laying Mash 1.4 — - 3 2 Preferred Mixed Feed . 1.3 _ _ Preferred Mixed Feed 1.7 _ - Wood's Dairy Ration - 1.8 - 3 3 Wood's Dairy Ration Wood's Dairy Ration Wood's Stock Feed 3.8 1.4 2.0 3.5 2.0 3 3 Wood's Stock Feed Wood's Stock Feed 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.4 3.2 2.0 Worcester Rendering Co. 1 1 Prosperity Worcester Bone Meal - 2.4 - 3 1 Special Meat Scraps .... 1.8 - ~ ^2 Results of Inspection. Unmixed By-Prodticts. With few exceptions, the unmixed by-products confoi*med to guarantee and were as represented. Five samples of cottonseed meal fell slightly below guarantee. Two samples of Commander Standard Middlings, carrying the brand of Commander Mill Co. of Minneapolis, showed an excess of fiber and should be considered as fine ground bran. One sample of Glenceco Wheat Feed showed a deficiency of 1.6 per cent in protein, due to incomplete sepa- ration of the flour. Two samples of Preferred Mixed Feed, maiuifactured by the Stanley Wood Grain Co., of Taunton, showed protein deficiencies, as did a sample of Red Dog Flour from the Osakis Milling Co. One sample of Yellow Hominy Feed from the Quaker Oats Co. showed a deficiency of 1.2 per cent in fat. In order to check possible adulteration, a considerable number of products not requiring registration are examined each year. Of twenty-five samples of corn meal examined, one lot put out by E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, had a water content of 22.6 per cent and could be considered adulterated on account of the excessive amount of water it contained. A normal corn meal should carry a water content of about 12 per cent. Another lot. sold by the Maritime Milling Co., had a fat content of 7.2 per cent and more nearly resembled corn feed meal or yellow hominy in composition. Of the seventy-one samples of ground oats examined, one lot contained excessive hulls, as indicated by its fiber content of 15 per cent. This was collected at the store of the Stanley Wood Grain Co. in Middleboro. Four samples collected later showed a normal fiber content. One sample of ground oats collected at the store of Mackenzie & Winslow in Fall River appeared abnormal on account of its low fiber content. Subsequent investigation proved this lot to have been made of barley mixed oats. Prepared or Mixed Feeds (two or more ingredients). Of this group, 12.5 per cent showed deficiencies fa shortage of more than one per cent in protein or fat, or an excess of more than one per cent of fiber) ; in 1925, deficiencies were found in 17.6 per cent of the products sampled. Over one-half of these deficiencies can be attributed to the following manu- facturers : .J. Cushing Co., Fitchburg John W. Eshelman & Sons. Lancaster, Pa. Park & PoUard Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton Dairy Feeds. The use of ready mixed dairy feeds has greatly increased during the last decade. In 1917, the Massachusetts inspectors collected ninety-five samples of dairy and molasses feeds, representing twenty-two brands. In 1926, two hundred and sixty-six samples, representing ninety- four brands, were collected. The growing demand for ready mixed grain rations in preference to those prepared on the farm can probably be attrib- uted to several causes, of which the fact that large co-operative associations are offering to their members ready rations, instead of the by-products of which they are composed, is not the least, as it forces other interests in the grain business to offer smiliar mixtures to their trade. It is probably true that even with a wide variation in chemical composi- tion and in the ingredients, both as to kind and proportions used, farm ani- mals are as well fed as when dependence was placed more extensively on home mixing. In the purchase of ready rations the feeder should be influ- enced by the chemical composition and ingredients, together with the suita- bilitj' of a particular ration as a supplement to his home grown forage and grain. The ingredients used to make up the various brands of dairy feeds reported are as follows: 23 Cottonseed meal Linseed meal Corn gluten meal Corn gluten feed Cocoanut oil meal Soy bean meal Peanut oil meal Corn germ oil meal Distillers grains Low Grade Oat feed Clipped oat by-product Grain screenings Cocoa bean meal Postnm residue Hi^h Grade. Brewers grains Malt grains Wheat bran Wheat middlings Corn meal Corn feed meal Ground oats Ground barley Hominy feed Beet pulp Molasses Alfalfa meal Buckwheat feed Malt sprouts Pea meal Ground fish Toasted wheat feed Mineral Salt Calcium carbonate (limestone) Bone meal Bone charcoal Charcoal The law requires, with few exceptions, that feeding stuffs carry a guarantee showing not only the chemical analysis, but also a list of ingredients of which the feed is composed. With this information the purchaser should be able to decide upon the value of the feed for his particular need. Mixtures con- taining low grade and inferior ingredients should sell at a price commensurate with their composition. Horse and Stock Feeds. Feeds of this character usually contain oat feed as a base, together with products of higher feeding value, in order to render the oat feed more salable. The attempt to use a maximum amount of oat feed tends to an overrun in fiber content. Of the one hundred and four samples examined, thirteen showed a variation from guarantee, in most instances an excess of fiber. Molasses Feeds (less than 12 per cent protein). In this group are found many feeds intended for horses, together with an occasional so-called dairy feed. The horse feeds usually consist of corn, oats, alfalfa, and mo- lasses, to which other ingredients are sometimes added. The four dairy feeds listed in this group — International Sugared Dairy Feed, Universal Ration, Blue Seal Special Dairy Feed, and Whittemore's Dairy Ration — all contained low-grade products and were probably sold in order to meet the demand for a cheap feed. With the exception of the International brand, all failed to meet their protein guarantees. Purina Steer Fatena, if used for the purpose indicated by its name, can find very little demand in Massachusetts. Poultry Feeds. No great deficiencies were noted in the various kinds and brands of poultry feeds collected, except in the case of one sample of Rauh's Meato, which ran 8.3 per cent below its protein guarantee. Narragansett Egg Mash ran con- sistently, but not seriously, below its protein guarantee. It is evident that the protein guarantee on this product should be revised. In accordance with, standards adopted by the Association of Feed Control Officials,* animal by-products containing more than 10 per cent phosphoric acid are designated as meat and bone; those containing less than 10 per cent, as meat. The products collected are, therefore, divided into these groups irrespective of brand name. An attempt was made to determine by chemi- cal methods the condition of the raw material from which the scrap was rendered, but without satisfactory result. While meat scrap is usually purchased for its protein content, in view of recent investigations it is possible that a scrap containing some bone, and consequently a higher percentage of calcium and phosphorus, is to be pre- ferred to the pure meat product in poultry feeding, although the pure meat products are usually made of cleaner materials and carry a higher protein content. Microscopic Examination of Feeding Stuffs. Six hundred and sixty-eight of the prepared feeds collected were examined under the microscope in order to determine if the ingredients contained 24 therein corresponded to the guaranteed statement. Of these, only about 3 per cent showed a variation from guarantee, and in no ease was the food value of the mixture seriously affected. The law, however, specifically requires a correct statement of the components of a feedstuff as a part of the guaran- tee, and the purchaser is entitled to it. The following feeds were found which did not conform to guarantee: Eugene B. Bowen Butman Grain Co. Cover's Poultry Supply Store E. A. Cowee Co. E. A. Cowee Co. J. W. Day & Co. Delaware Mills J. B. Garland & Son W. K. Gilmore & Sons D. H. Grandin Milling Co. D. H. Grandin Milling Co. Meech & Stoddard Ontario Milling Co. Park & Pollard Co. H. C. Puffer Co. Roeenbaum Bros. St. .\lbans Grain Co. St. Albans Grain Co. B Owen's Dairy Feed Climax Meat Mash The Perfect Mash Coweco Stock Feed Coweco Dry Mash Chmax Cream Mash Delaware Chick Grains Garland's Poultry Mash Xeponset Provender (corn and oats) Grandin's 24 per cent Bal- anced Ration Grandin's Milk Maker Red Wing Stock Feed Oswego Egg Mash Park & Pollard Stock Feed Egg-Em-On Laying Mash Advance Egg Mash Paragon Dairy Feed Brewers grains identified, not declared. Cracked and whole wheat identified, not de- clared. Beet pulp and kaffir corn identified, not de- clared. Gluten feed identified, not declared. Contained large amount of screenings. Butter- milk present as mere trace if at all. Large amount of oats identified, not declared. Millet identified, not declared. Calcium carbonate, salt and alfalfa declared, but not identified. Barley identified, not declared. Beet pulp identified, not declared. Gluten feed declared, not identified. Wheat bran and screenings identified, not de- clared. Barley declared, not identified. Gluten feed and brewers grains identified, not declared. Beet pulp declared, not identified. Screenings not pulverized. A'lany whole weed seeds. Corn meal declared, not identified. Wirthmore Buttermilk Mash Beet pulp identified, not declared. Feed. 25 Average Analyses and Retail Prices of Unmixed By-Products. Nitro- Feedstufifs. Year, i Num- ber of Sam- ples. Water (Per Cent). Protein. (Per Cent). Fat (Per Cent). Free Ex- tract (Per Cent). Fiber (Per Cent). Ash (Per Cent). Price per Ton. Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal 1923 1924 1925 1926 82 100 55 62 7.4 7.3 6.9 7.0 40.1 38.4 39.0 39.7 7.0 6.6 6.8 7.0 28.9 30.0 29.7 29.6 10.2 11.6 11.6 11.1 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.6 *57 95 56 35 55 42 51 36 Linseed Meal .... Linseed Meal .... Linseed Meal .... Linseed Meal .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 19 15 16 18 8.9 8.5 8.2 8.7 33.4 33.2 33.9 35.4 6.9 6.7 7.1 6.5 37.0 37.7 37.4 36.9 8.1 8.2 8.2 7.8 5.7 5.7 5.2 4.7 60 20 55 46 56 87 58 00 Gluten Meal .... Gluten Meal .... Gluten Meal .... Gluten Meal .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 12 5 5 7 9.1 7.2 8.6 8.2 42.9 43.3 44.4 41.6 1.7 2.9 2.6 2.9 43.4 42.6 41.2 43.1 1.7 2.7 2.1 3.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 58 58 62 75 61 60 58 17 Gluten Feed .... Gluten Feed .... Gluten Feed .... Gluten Feed .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 26 22 24 21 8.9 8.6 7.6 8.6 24.5 25.3 25.7 25.7 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.4 53.6 51.6 51.7 51.1 6.8 7.5 7.3 7.5 3.1 4.0 4.5 4.7 46 54 52 42 51 29 49 63 Wheat Standard Middlings . Wheat Standard Middlings . Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard MiddUngs . 1923 1924 .1925 1926 43 35 30 29 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.6 17.0 16.8 17.0 17.2 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9 56.1 56.0 56.2 56.1 7.7 7.7 7.3 7.0 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.2 38 27 41 15 40 55 41 26 Wheat Flour Middlings . Wheat Flour MiddUngs . Wheat Flour Middlings . Wheat Flour Middlings . 1923 1924 1925 1926 6 10 10 21 10.1 9.8 9.8 10.0 16.9 17.0 16.7 17.1 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4 59.1 59.3 68.9 58.0 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.4 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 44 50 44 00 41 50 43 11 Red Dog Flour .... Red Dog Flour .... Red Dog Flour .... Red Dog Flour .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 10 11 10.5 10.4 9.8 10.5 16.5 16.7 16.9 16.8 4.3 4.0 4.9 4.6 63.6 64.4 63.0 62.8 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.9 46 25 46 67 50 78 52 14 Wheat Mixed Feed . Wheat Mixed Feed . Wheat Mixed Feed . Wheat Mixed Feed . 1923 1924 1925 1926 88 70 63 72 8.6 8.2 8.5 9.4 16.8 16.5 16.4 16.0 4.9 5.1 5.4 5:2 57.3 57.7 57.5 58.1 7.4 7.5 7.3 6.8 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.5 .38 39 42 06 44 12 44 46 Wheat Bran .... Wheat Bran .... Wheat Bran .... Wheat Bran .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 70 73 68 70 8.2 8.4 7.8 8.7 16.1 15.7 15.7 15.4 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.7 54.7 54.5 55.1 55.1 9.6 10.0 9.6 9.5 6.3 6.0 6.2 5.6 35 52 39 73 38 89 39 36 Rye Feed Rye Feed Rye Feed Rye Feed 1923 1924 1925 1926 4 4 3 9.1 9.5 9.9 14.9 16.5 15.9 3.7 3.4 3.1 63.2 61.7 63.5 4.8 5.2 4.2 • 4.3 3.7 3.4 32 50 35 00 35 00 Corn Meal .... Corn Meal .... Corn Meal .... Corn Meal .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 16 10 17 25 11.1 11.6 12.1 12.6 9.7 9.2 8.9 9.1 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.8 71.2 72.4 72.5 71.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 38 50 44 44 54 35 45 86 Hominy Feed .... Hominy Feed .... Hominy Feed .... Hominy Feed .... 1923 1924 1925 1926 51 37 41 37 8.7 8.5 8.5 9.2 11.1 10.8 10.9 10.7 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.1 66.8 67.2 67.5 67.3 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 40 82 45 74 54 77 43 15 Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp 1923 1924 1925 1926 15 11 12 12 6.9 7.4 7.0 7.0 8.9 8.8 9.1 9.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 61.8 60.4 61.4 60.1 17.6 18.3 18.4 18.7 4.1 4.4 3.3 4.0 60 23 47 64 50 55 50 09 Oat Feed Oat Feed Oat Feed Oat Feed 1923 1924 1925 1926 5 6 9 6 5.9 6.1 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.0 4.8 5.8 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.4 54.2 51.9 53.4 . 53.5 26.1 27.9 28.2 26.8 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.0 25 00 29 00 27 00 25 50 1 From September 1 to April 30 of each year. 26 Directory of Manufacturers who Registered Feeding Stuffs for Sale in the State in 1926. E. T. Allen Co., Box 9.51, Atlanta, Ga. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Linseed Co., 297 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Maize-Products Co., 41 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. American Milling Co., Peoria, 111. A. P. Ames Co., 10 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., Cnicago, 111. Arcady Farms Milling Co., North Kansas City, Mo. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Atkinson Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Atlan Manufacturing Co., 142 Logan Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Aunt Jemima Mills Branch, Quaker Oats Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Avondale Alfalfa Milling & Elevator Co., Pueblo, Colo. Edward R. Bacon Grain Co., 205 Grain & Flour Exchange, Boston, Mass. E. W. Bailey & Co., MontpeUer, Vt. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Bernet, Craft & Kauffman MilMng Co., Mt. Carmel, 111. Black Rock Milhng Corp., Black Rock, N. Y. (Registered by Park &lPollard Co., Inc.) Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. Eugene B. Bowen, Cheshire, Mass. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Company of North America.) Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain Co., Lynn, Mass. Caledonia Mills, Inc., St. Johnsbiu-y, Vt. Canadian Diamalt Co., Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Cereal Mills Co., Wausau, Wis. Chapin & Co., 327 South Lasalle St., Chicago, 111. S. J. Cherry & Sons, Ltd., Preston, Ontario, Canada. Chnton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. Clyde Renco MilUng Co., Inc., Clyde, N. Y. CoUis Products Co., Clinton, Iowa. Commander Mill Co., MinneapoHs, Minn. Commercial Solvents Corp., 17 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Owen Coogan & Sons, Pittsfield, Mass. Copeland Flour Mills, Ltd., Midland, Ontario, Canada. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery PI., New York, N. Y. J. B. Cover & Co., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitehburg, Mass. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Ltd., Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., and Western Canada Flour Mills, Ltd.) Crosby Milling Co., Brattleboro, Vt. Sumner Crosby & Son, Inc., 69 Dorchester Ave., South Boston, Mass. Howard A. Grossman Co., 3.5 Chapel St., Needham, Mass. Cunningham Grain Co., Maiden, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Fitehburg, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Framingham, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Lowell, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Middleboro, Mass. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. S. P. Davis, Little Rock, Ark. J. W. Day & Co., 184 Oxford St., Lynn, Mass. Decatur Milling Co., Decatur, 111. Delaware Mills, Inc., 88 Front St., Deposit, N. Y. Denver Alfalfa Milhng & Products Co., Lamar, Colo. Dewey Bros. Co., Blanchester, Ohio. F. Diehl & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. P. A. Doherty, 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Domestic MilUng Co., Kansas City, Mo. F. W. Dorr & Co., Newton Center, Mass. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Duluth-Superior MilUng Co., 620 Board of Trade, Duluth, Minn. Duluth Universal MilUng Co., .506 Board of Trade, Duluth, Minn. J. L. Dunnell & Son, Bernardston, Mass. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers' Exchange, Inc., East Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern Grain Co., Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. Elevator MilUng Co., Springfield, 111. 27 Elmore Milling Co., Oneonta, N. Y. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213-215 State St., Boston, Mass. Empire Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Pa. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Fairchild Milling Co., 1635 Merwin St., Cleveland, Ohio. Fairmont Creamery Co., Omaha, Neb. Frank A. Fales & Co., 119 Railroad Ave., Norwood, Mass. Fargo Mill Co., Fargo, N. D. Federal Mill & Elevator Co., Inc., Lockport, N. Y. Fleischmann Co., Chicago, 111. William F. Fletcher, Southwick, Mass. L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. E. & A. M. Fullerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. Gait Flour Mills, Ltd., 67 Yonge St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. James E. Gilmore, 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. Glen Mills Cereal Co., Newburyport, Mass. James Goldie Co., Ltd., 67 Yonge St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Grafton Roller Mill Co., Grafton, N. Dak. D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Hales & Hunter Co., Cnicago, 111. Halstead Milling & Elevator Co., Newton. Kans. William Hamilton & Son, Inc., Caledonia, N. Y. Hecker-H-0 Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 503 Seneca St., Bufifalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 40 Corlears St., New York, N. Y. W. D. Higgins Co., Framingham, Mass. Hinckley Rendering Co., Somerville, Mass. Hirst & Begley Linseed Works, 2013 Mendel St., Chicago, 111. D. E. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. D. E. Hodgkins' Sons, Rockport, Mass. Home Soap Co., 103 Webster St., Worcester, Mass. E. C. & W. L. Hopkins, Greenfield, N. H. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. J. C. Hubinger Bros. Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Innis, Speiden & Co., Inc., 46 CUff St., New York, N. Y. International Agricultural Corp., Columbus, Ga. International Glue Co., East Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. International Sugar Feed Co., Minneapohs, Minn. Jaquith & Co., .305 Main St., Woburn, Mass. Kansas Flour Mills Co., Kansas City, Mo. Kasco Mills, Inc., Waverly, N. Y. Kaw Flour Mills Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Kelloggs & Miller, Amsterdam, N. Y. H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. King Midas Mill Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox. Co.) Larabee Flour Mills Corp., Security Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Larrowe Milling Co., 8047 Hamilton Ave., Detroit, Mich. I-awrenceburg Roller Mills Co., Lawrenceburg, Ind. Louisville Milling Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., North Billerica, Mass. Mann Bros. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Mansfield Milling Co., P. O. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Mapl-Flake Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. Marbleridge Grain Co., North Andover, Mass. Marianna Sales Co., 512 Falls Bldg., Memphis, Tenn. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., Lynn, Mass. Maurer Manufacturing Co., P. O. Box 36?, Newark, N. J. Mayflower Grain Products Co., Waltham, Mass. W. T. McLaughlin Co., 16 Raih-oad St., West Roxbury, Mass. Meech & Stoddard, Inc., Middletown, Conn. Mellin's Food Company of North America, 177 State St., Boston, Mass. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros. Memphis, Cottonseed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn. J. E. Merrick & Co., Amherst, Mass. Miner-Hillard MilUng Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. 28 Jas. F. Morse & Co., Boston, Mass. Mosley & Motley Milling Co., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milling Co., Mt. Vernon, Ind. Narragansett Milling Co., East Providence, R. 1. National Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. R. N. Neal & Co., Inc., Memphis, Tenn. New England By-Products Corp., Lawrence, Mass. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 174 Somerville Ave., Somerville, Mass. New England Rendering Co., Boston, Mass. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Carson Station, Pittsburgn, Pa. Niagara Falls MiUing Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Northern Illinois Cereal Co., Lockport, 111. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Norton Tallow Co., Somerville, Mass. Nowak Milling Corp., Hammond, Ind. James H. Nye Co., Brockton, Mass. Ogihne Flour Mills Co., I>td., Montreal, Canada. Ontario Milling Co., Inc., Oswego, N. Y. Park & Pollard Co., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Park & Pollard Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. (Registered also for Black Rock Milling Corp.) Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtucket, R. I. Penick & Ford, Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. M. C. Peters Mill Co., Omaha, Neb. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Portland Rendering Co., Portland, Me. Postum Cereal Co., Inc., Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc., Greenfield, Mass. Prairie State Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Pratt Food Co., Philadelphia, Pa. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills (Registered by Ralston Purina Co.) ■Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Quisenberry Feed Manufacturing Co., 95 Kentucky St., Buffalo, N. Y. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. (Registered for Purina Mills.) E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co., Union Stock Yards, Indianapolis, Ind. John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge, Mass. Red Wing Milling Co., Red Wing, Minn. George H. Reed, South Acton, Mass. iRobin Hood Mills, Ltd., Moose Jaw and Calgary, Canada. Wm. M. Robinson, Dorchester, Mass. Ropes Brothers, Salem and Danvers, Mass. Rosenbaum Bros., Chicago, 111. N. Roy & Son, South Attleboro, Mass. Royal Mining Co., Great Falls, Mont. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapohs, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Ryde & Co., Chicago, 111. Ryther & Warren, Belchertown, Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. St. Paul MiUing Co., St. Paul, Minn. Scholl Co., 23 Central Ave., Newark, N. J. B. F. Schwartz & Co., Inc., 2 Broadway, New York, N. Y. John Shea, 61 Railroad St., Lawrence, Mass. Sheets Elevator Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Sherwin-Williams Co., 601 Canal. Rd., Cleveland, Ohio. Shredded Wheat Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Allen V. Smith, Marcellus Falls, N. Y. Southwestern MiUing Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. H. C. Southworth, West Stoughton, Mass. Sparks Milhng Co., Alton, lU. Spratt's Patent (America) Ltd., 18 Congress St., Newark, N. J. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111. John T. Stanley Co., Inc., 642 West 30th St.. New York, N. Y. Star «& Crescent MiUing Co., Minneapohs, Minn. State Mill and Elevator, Grand Forks, N. D. F. W. Stock & Sons, Hillsdale, Mich. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. J. A. Sturges & Co., Easthampton, Mass. C. H. Symmes, Winchester, Mass. Syracuse Milhng Co., P. O. Box 141, Syracuse, N. Y. Thomas-Boyce Feed Co., Attica, N. Y. Thornton & Chester MilUng Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Tioga Mill & Elevator Co., Waverly, N. Y. Ubiko MilUng Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. United Chemical & Organic Products Co., 4200 S. Marshfield Ave., Chicago, 111. 29 United Flour & Feed Co., Inc., Albany, N. Y. George Urban Milling Co., 332 North Oak St., Buffalo, N. Y. Van Vechten Milling Co., Inc., Rochester, N. Y. Victor Flour MiUs, Inc.. Pittsford, N. Y. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Washburn Crosby Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Wayland Grain Co., Inc., Wayland, Mass. H. K. Webster Co., Lawrence, Mass. West Bay City Sugar Co., Bay City, Mich. Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Winnipeg, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) West-Nesbitt, Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Wetherbee Grain Co., Gardner, Mass. John J. White Co., South Boston, Mass. Arthur N. Whittemore & Co., Worcester, Mass. Whittemore Co., 35 Harrison St., Roslindale, Mass. Est. M. G. Williams, Taunton, Mass. Wilson & Co., 4100 South Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. A. K. Zinn & Co., Battle Creek, Mich. ^ CONTf MASSA This inspect tained mettl nifican by the overrui tioncj part 0 year is tihzer theuft fertilii CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 37 NOVEMBER, 1926 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and M. W. Goodwin This publication is the fifty-third report of the fertilizer inspection work in Massachusetts. A study of the figures ob- tained shows that slightly less than half the brands analyzed met their guarantees in every particular, — a percentage sig- nificantly lower than last year. This is accounted for in part by the fact that manufacturers allowed a smaller margin of overruns in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. The situa- tion calls for closer chemical control of raw materials on the part of manufacturers. A gratifying improvement over last year is noted in the quality of the organic nitrogen used in fer- tilizer mixtures. The tonnage figures show a slight decline in the use of the ** New England Standard Nine " grades of mixed fertilizer, as compared with last year. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST. MASS. Publication- ok this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 3M ll-'26 Order 7186. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1926. BY H. D. HASKIXS, OFFICIAL CHEMIST, ASSISTED BY L. S. WALKER AND M. W. GOODWIN.^ MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS. Eighty-five manufacturers and their subsidiaries, importers and dealers have registered in Massachusetts, for the season of 192G, 337 brands of mixed fertilizers and 204 brands of unmixed fertilizing materials. Their general character is as follows : Complete fertilizers .... Ammoniated superphosphates Superphosphate with potash Pulverized manures .... Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish Chemicals and organic nitrogen compounds Wood ashes ..... 329 7 1 11 66 125 2 541 In view of the fact flat registrations are due on or before Januar.y 1, it is a common practice for many manufacturers to register brands for which no orders have actually been taken, with the expectation that there will be a normal demand for them later in the season. In a few instances brands were thus registered for which there was no demand, and consequently no sales were made. In the majority of instances, however, the failure to secure representative samples of registered brands of mixed fertilizers has been due to limited tonnage sold in a small territory, resulting in the use of the fertilizer by the consumer before the arrival of the sampling agent. Many of the unmixed crude stock materials listed among the brands not sampled were not sold in the unmixed condition, but were used in special mixtures as.sembled in small lots on order of the consumer. It is a ruling that such mixtures may be exempt from registration provided the chemicals and crude stock materials used therein are registered, and the price cjuoted on the several ingredients used rather than on the mixture. In such case the mixing charge would be a service charge rather than absorbed in the selling price of the final product. The following brands were not sami)led : Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. American Agricultural Chemi- American Chemical Specialties cal Co. Co. .\grico Fertilizer for Cirain 2-12-4 Springfield Carnation Food 2.4-3.25-3.5 Breck's Market Ciarden Manure 4-8-7 Double A Tobacco Fertilizer . 5-4-5 Apothecaries Hall Co. E. Frank Coe's Tobacco Leaf Bone & Meat Tankage 4-20-0 Formula .... 7-4-7 Double Sulphate Potash & National White Ash Tobacco Magnesia .... 0-0-20 Grower .... 7-4-7 Manure Salts 0-0-20 9% Ground Tankage 9-9.15-0 Sulphate Potash 0-0-48 I E. W. Martin assisted in the phosphoric acid laboratory for about two months, and F. J. Kokoski in the nitrogen laboratory three months. Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled — Concluded. Manufacturbk and Brand. Grade. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. Armour Fertilizer Works Middlesex County Farm Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer 2-12-4 Bureau. Armour's Ground Tankage 9% 9-6.S7-0 Nitrate of Soda 18.24-0-0 Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Berkshire Ground Tankage 9-6.86-0 Co. Double Manure Salt 0-0-26 Parmenter & Polsey Potato Precipitated Bone Phosphate 0-38-0 Phosphate .... 4-8-7 Davey Tree Expert Co. Pawtucket Rendering Co. Davey Tree Food 8-7.3-3 .\nimal Brand Pawtucket 5-8-5 3-8-4 5-S-5 John C. Dow Co. Dow's Ground Tankage . 6-14-0 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 4-8-0 4-8-6 Eastern States Farmers' Ex- Piedmont Sulphate Ammonia . 25-0-0 change. Piedmont 9% Tankage . 9-9-0 Ea.stern States High .\nalysis Sulphate of Potash . 0-0-48 Fertilizer 8-16-8 Untreated Mineral Raw Phos- Eastern States Sulphate o phate Rock 0-31-0 .\mmonia 2.5-0-0 Rogers & Hubbard Co. L. T. Frisbie Co. 3-12-3 3-12-3 Frisbie's Market Garden . 4-8-7 Frisbie's Special 3-8-4 N. Roy & Son Estate. Frisbie's Tobacco Grower o-4-,5 Ground Bone 3 . 65-20-0 Frisbie's Tobacco Manure 5-8-6 Frisbie's 6-8-7 .5-8-7 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Frisbie's 3-30 Bone Meal 3-22.9-0 Royster's Wrapper Brand 7-4-7 International Agricultura C. & R. Sales Co. Corp. C. & R. Lawn and Shrub Fertili- Cotton Seed Meal . 8-0-0 zer ..... 6-5-5 Sulphate of Ammonia 25-0-0 M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Henry James & Son, Inc. Shoemaker's Swift-Sure Ammo- 2-8-2 .... 2-8-2 niated Phosphate 6-8-0 4-8-4 .... 4-8-4 Dissolved S. C. Rock 0-16-0 King Chemical Co. Terride Specialty Co. King 4-8-4 4-8-4 Valentine's Fert-0-Stix . 14-10.5-11 5 King 4-8-10 . 4-8-10 King 5-8-7 5-8-7 United States Guano Co. King 8-6-6 8-6-6 Standard United States Royal King Animal Tankage 10-4.5-0 Potato Grower 4-8-7 King Muriate of Potash . 0-0-48 Standard United States Sulphate King Raw Bone 4.5-21.5-0 of Potash .... 0-0-48 King Steamed Bone 3-22 . 9-0 Standard United States Tankage 10-4.5-0 King Sulphate of Ammonia 25-0-0 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. Mapes Formula & Peruvian V-C Monarch Brand 2-12-4 Ouano Co. Cotton Seed Meal . 8.51-0-0 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Ground Blood & Meat Tankage 9-4 . 57-0 Daniel J. McCarthy Muriate of Potash . 0-0-50.5 Dynamite 3. 8-3. 43-. 66 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. Four sampling agents were employed, beginning work April 1 when fertilizer stocks were moving freely. The collection season lasted through May, and two men were retained during the early part of June. Territories were assigned as follows: James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden and Hami:»shire coun- ties; George H. Kelton, Middlesex and Worcester counties; Harold J. Berry, Bristol, Plymouth and Barnstable counties; and Percy Milbery, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk counties. The following statistics are noted with reference to the season's feitilizer collec- tion: 18,763 sacks were sampled, representing 6,652 tons of fertilizing materials; 175 towns were visited; 1,610 samples, representing 478 distinct brands, were drawn from stock found in possession of 533 agents or owners. At 219 other agencies no samples were drawn, 16 having discontinued selling, and others having sold out or not having received their fertilizer at the time of the sampling agent's visit. COMPARATIVE COST OF FERTILIZER CHEMICALS AND CRUDE STOCK PRODUCTS. The wholesale quotations on fertilizer simples and crude stock products did not show a fluctuation of wide range during the season ending March 1, 1926. Nitrate of soda and the organic animal ammoniates showed the usual strengthening market as the season advanced. Ammonium sulfate was more stationary, while the price of organic vegetable ammoniates experienced a decided decline. Acid phosphate and the various potash salts showed but little evidence of an advance. As this goes to press, all of the ammoniates have shown a considerable decline, averaging about 28 cents per unit of ammonia. Acid phosphate has declined about 50 cents per ton, while bone is down S2.75. Potash salts remain about the same. If the wholesale market of crude stock fertilizer materials is a safe basis for a prophecy, mixed fertilizers should cost somewhat less for 1927 than during the past year. Three commercial^ new ammoniates have appeared on the market: calcium nitrate (15.5 per cent nitrogen) ; ammonium sulfate-nitrate (26 per cent nitrogen) ; and sjTithetic urea (46 per cent nitrogen in organic water soluble form). The first two mentioned are now quoted in the trade journals and compare favorably in cost to nitrate of soda and ammonium sulfate. All three are imported products and can be liad in quantity lots. The following average quotations were compiled from data furnished by the two journals, "Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter" and "Drug & Chemical Markets:" Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Raw Materials. Average Price per Ton FOR Six Moxths Pre- ceding March 1. 1925. 1926. Ammonium sulfate (double bags f. a. s. New York) . Nitrate of soda (15.6% nitrogen) crude, 95%, bags Calcium nitrate (15.5%c nitrogen, 28% lime) . Ammonium sulfate-nitrate (26% nitrogen) Dried blood (12.34% nitrogen) .... Tankage (8.23% nitrogen, 6.86% P2O5) . Dry ground fish (9.05%, nitrogen, 6.86%, P2O5) Cottonseed meal (5.76% nitrogen) f. 0. b. mills, bags Ground steamed bone (2.47% nitrogen, 22.88% P2O5) Acid phosphate (16%, P2O5) Muriate of potash (50.54% K2O) in bags High grade sulfate of potash (48.65% K2O) in bags . Kainit (14% K2O) in bags $59 56 49 84 59 11- 36 553 58 12 « 35 91 26 36 • 8 88* 34 31 45 55 10 07 $57 08 .52 26 47 50' 69 20' 61 32 = 43 98 3 51 24* 32 42 6 29 75 6 9 90* 34 85 45 85 10 44 ' Northern ports in bags. Quotations taken from Oct. 18 issue of Oil, Paint & Drug Reporter. 2 Bulk, f. o. b. New York. ' Ground or screened, bulk. New York. * Bulk, f. o. b. Baltimore. 6 Cottonseed meal, 6.88% nitrogen, was delivered in Connecticut Valley district for $38.42, this being an average for 46 carloads; cottonseed meal testing 6.58% nitrogen was sold at an average price of $37.05; while castor pomace testing 4.52% nitrogen sold for an average price of $28.68. This made the unit cost of nitrogen $5.58 and $5.62 for the two grades of cottonseed meal, and $6.34 for the castor pomace. • F. o. b. Chicago. The following fertilizer trade values were adopted by the Massachusetts fertilizer control for 1926. They are based on wholesale quotations taken from the trade journals for the six months ending March 1, plus 20 per cent overhead, allowance also being made for bags and labor where bulk quotations are given, and for freight where shipping point is outside of New York and New England centers. Fertilizer Trade Values for 1926. Form of Plant Food. Value per Pound. Unit Value. Nitrogen. In ammonia salts ........... In nitrates ............ Organic nitrogen in fish, blood and meat ....... Organic nitrogen in fine ' bone and tankage ...... Organic nitrogen in coarse ■ bone and tankage, and sheep manure Organic nitrogen in mixed fertilizers ....... Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. .... Phosphoric Acid. Soluble in water ........... Reverted ............. In fine bone and tankage and in fish ....... In coarse bone and tankage and in sheep manure and ashes In cottonseed and other vegetable meals ....... Insoluble in mixed fertilizers ......... Potash. As muriate ............ In pulverized manures, seed residues, and total in ashes .... As carbonate ........... $0 17 20 34 33 26 30 33 065 055 05 04 04 02 0575 0425 04 11 $3 40 4 00 6 80 6 60 5 20 6 00 6 60 1 30 1 10 1 00 80 80 40 1 15 85 80 2 20 ' Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which will without grinding pass through a sieve having circular openings 1/50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to particles which will not pass throrgh the sieve. 2 Dissolved by a neutral solution of ammonium citrate, specific gravity 1.09, in accordance with method adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Total Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in the State. July 1, 1923, to July 1, 1924. July 1, 1924, to July 1, 1925. July 1, 1925, to July 1, 1926. Mixed fertilizers ...... Pulverized natural manures .... Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed . 44,013 2,112 15,843 44,980 2,195 15,481 39,100 3,103 16,717 Totals 61,968 62,656 58,920 There were 3,736 tons less fertilizer sold in 1926 than for the previous season, and 3,858 tons less than for the previous three-year average. The following tables show the distribution of the tonnage of mixed fertilizers according to grade and grouped as high and low analysis mixtures: (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of | High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Available Plant Food). Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands. ' Grade. Tonnage. Brands. » 4-8-4 .... 8.556 40 4-6-4 .... 143 _ 5-8-7 7,050 36 3-8-10 133 — • 3-8-4 4.382 20 3-9-2 126 — 5-4-5 2,686 18 6.5-3-7. a 111 — 4-8-7 1,827 20 5-4-15 104 — 4-6-10 1,761 15 2-10-4 103 — 3-10-4 851 5 6-10-10 99 — 10-3-8 . 656 - 5-8-10 97 — 6-6-4 616 5 6-4-4 94 — 8-6-6 583 9 2-12-6 91 — 3-8-6 557 - 4-8-6 81 — 7-6-5 554 9 5-6-5 74 — 2-9-3 489 8 1-4-15 72 — 1-9-4 384 5 1-10-3 71 — 4-8-10 372 _ 8-16-8 60 — 5-10-5 361 _ 10-4-2 50 — 6-8-7 360 _ 5-3.5-8. 5 48 — 7-4-7 354 8 5-7-10 35 - 6-3-6 316 - 8-12-20 30 — 3-12-3 296 _ 4-6-12 29 — 3-8-3 270 - 6-1-7 29 — 6-5-5 261 _ 8-16-20 29 - 6-8-5 244 _ 6-9-6 28 — 2-8-10 236 - 5-5-5 25 — 5-8-5 216 - 5-6-7 20 — 3-10-6 195 _ 4.5-10-7 20 — 2-12-4 186 7 8-4-2 15 — 6-8-10 182 - 4-16-4 14 - 4-7-5 172 _ .Special mixtures 297 — 5-9-5 3-5-6 154 151 - Miscellaneous . 86 15 10-16-14 147 - Totals 37,783 291 4-10-4 . 144 ~ Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of AvAiL.^BLE Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands. ' Grade. Tonnage. Brands. * 2-8-2 .... 3-6-4 .... 1.22-3-2 5-6-1 .... 939 86 65 39 15 2. 5-. 25-3 Miscellaneous . Totals 25 59 - 1,213 28 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or Over of Available Plant Food). Low-.Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands. ' Grade. Tonnage. Brands. • 0-12-5 .... 4.5-12-0 22 17 11 9 6 ~ 10-3-0 .... 2.5-9-0 .... Totals 21 18 _ 6-8-0 .... 8-6-0 .... 4-10-0 .... 39 2 Totals 65 5 The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials. Material. Tonnage. Brands. ' Acid phosphate 4.249 21 Nitrate of soda . 3,814 24 Cottonseed meal 2,830 9 Ground bone 2,036 28 Ammonium sulfate 886 18 Tankage .... 814 23 Muriate of potash 699 18 Castor pomace . 385 8 Wood ashes 377 — Dry ground fish 287 15 Sulfate of potash 155 13 Ammonium phosphate 82 — Calcium nitrate 28 — Synthetic urea . 24 - Phosphate rock . 12 — Precipitated bone 11 — Sulfate of potash-magnesia . 11 — Dried blood 9 — Nitrapo (nitrate of soda-potash) 5 - Kainit .... 3 - Totals 16,717 194 1 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. A study of the preceding tables shows: 1. About 66 per cent of the total tonnage sold was mixed goods, and 34 per cent unmixed fertilizing materials. (In 1925 the proportion was 72 per cent mixed and 28 per cent unmixed.) 2. Of the 39,100 tons of mixed fertilizer sold, about 99.7 per cent were complete fertilizers and .3 per cent were ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash. 3. Of the 38,996 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 96.9 per cent were high-analysis (14 per cent or over of available plant food), and 3.1 per cent were low-analysis fertilizers (less than 14 per cent of available plant food). This shows an increase over 1925 of 1.4 per cent in favor of the high-analysis goods. 4. Of the 37,783 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, 87 per cent were furnished by 20 grades and 216 brands, and about 80 per cent were furnished by 12 grades and 182 brands. 5. Seventy-seven per cent of the low-analysis complete fertilizers was furnished by one grade (2-8-2) comprising 15 brands. There were 787 tons less of low- analysis complete fertilizers sold during the season than for the previous year. 6. The tonnage of fertilizer simples was distributed as follows: nitrogen prod- ucts, 56 per cent; phosphoric acid products, 39 per cent; and potash products, 5 per cent. Distribution of Tonnage as Related to the ' ' New England Standard Nine " Grades of Mixed Fertilizer. Additional Tonnage "Nbw England Standard Nine" Grades. Tonnage. from Grades varying but 1% in One or more Plant Foods. Total. 4-8-4 8,556 5,201 13,757 5-8-7 . 7,0.50 3,372 9,422 5-4-5 . 2,686 696 3,382 4-8-6 . 81 1,099 1,180 8-6-6 . 583 554 1,137 3-10-6 195 - 195 2-12-4 186 296 482 3-10-^ 851 247 1,098 0-12-6 - 22 22 Totals 20,188 10,487 30.675 8 A comparison of the above figures with those recorded for 1925 shows that a smaller tonnage of the "New England Standard Nine" grades was used during 1926. Of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers sold, about 52 per cent belonged to the "New England Standard Nine" grades, as compared to 54 per cent in 1925. An additional 27 per cent, however, was from grades varying but one per cent from these in one or more elements of plant food. About 11.5 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was from seven grades not recommended in the "New England Standard Nine" or in grades varying but one per cent in one or more elements of plant food from the "Standard Nine" group. The 4-6-10 grade was by far the most popular of the seven grades, with 1,761 tons and 15 brands, followed by 10-3-8 and 6-6-4 with a combined tonnage, about equally divided, of 1,272, representing 8 brands. Of the nine most popular brands sold, judging from tonnage, only four were members of the "New England Standard Nine" group. MIXED FERTILIZERS. Summary of Deficiencies. The following table gives a picture of each manufacturer's record during the season. Based on the assumption that the fertilizer control service was successful in securing representative samples of a sufficient tonnage to fairly represent each firm, the table records the number of brands sampled and analyzed and the extent to which each manufacturer was able to maintain his minimum guarantee and to furnish goods not lacking in commercial value. Summaries are based on tests for nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash. Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Number of Brands. Number of Tests or Determinations. •3.2 .fe [-1 t b. 1 fc. 1 -fc» o c » 3 (B a 3 3 PL, CS CL, 03 Cl, g o ^s> is ^i ^§ 0l Manufacturer. >?a-, mO 1^ ■^"i 1 •oximate Guara mmercia Q. -. .5 & C3 fe C3 5 " a ■ ^1 , o "3 §26-2 "3 0) o & Serious Commercial Shortages in Mixed Fertilizers. Number of Brands according to Years. Amount of Shortage. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926. More than $5 . Between $4 and $5 . Between $3 and $4 . Between $2 and $3 . Between SI and $2 . None None None 1 7 None None None None 4 2 None 1 6 6 None None None 1 7 None 2 1 1 8 1 Only 49 per cent of the brands analyzed had no deficiencies. In 1925, 69 per cent met their guarantees in all three elements. Of 945 guarantees made, over 22 per cent failed in passing, as compared with 12 per cent for 1925, and 18 per cent for 1924. 10 Over 18 per cent of the total number of brands analyzed failed to meet their guarantee of nitrogen and available phosphoric acid, and nearly 30 per cent were low in potash. In 1925, only 14 per cent failed to pass in nitrogen, 5 per cent in available phosphoric acid, and 17 per cent in potash. This comparison shows an urgent need on the part of the manufacturer for a closer supervision over the chemical control of the fertilizer simples and by-products used in the formulas, as well as in some instances a more liberal margin of overruns in the guarantees. Four more brands showed serious commercial shortages than for the previous season. In some instances where several samples of a given brand have been analyzed, individual analyses may show a commercial shortage of over $1 per ton, but the average of all of the analyses may show no commercial shortage. Such brands are not recorded in this group as commercially deficient, although the sample found deficient is published with appropriate footnote in table listing the commercially deficient brands. Mixing EflSciency. The following table gives the average margin of overruns over the minimum guarantee as provided by each manufacturer having four or more brands registered and sampled, on the assumption that the tonnage sold, guarantees made, and results of sampling and chemical analyses give a fair representation of the com- position of the tonnage of each grade counted. Mixing Efficiency Table. Average Percentage of Plant Food above or BELOW THE MINIMUM GUARANTEE. Manufacturer. Available Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. American Agricultural Chemical Co. + .03 + .27 + .01 Apothecaries Hall Co. + .42 + .84 + .24 Armour Fertilizer Works + .12 + .63 + .15 Berkshire Fertilizer Co. . + .42 + .50 + .75 E. D. Chittenden Co. . + .24 + .74 + .43 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange -.04 + .59 + .34 Essex Fertilizer Co. + .15 + .36 + .08 A. W. Higgins, Inc. + .04 + .42 + .86 International Agricultural Corp. + .03 + .37 + .76 Lowell Fertilizer Co. + .15 + .18 -.06 Maine Farmers Exchange -.02 + .27 + .05 Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano ( !!;o. + .37 + .78 + .69 A. G. Markham & Co. . + .11 + .60 + .14 New England Fertilizer Co. + .34 + .15 + .02 Olds & Whipple, Inc. + .34 + .09 + .06 Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. + .08 + .30 -.04 Pawtucket Rendering Co. ■^.23 + .14 + .19 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. + .08 + .16 + .18 Rogers & Hubbard Co. . + .16 f 1.17 -.11 F. S. Royster Guano Co. + .07 + .16 + .01 Springfield Rendering Co. + .14 + .20 + .14 United States Guano Co. + .04 + .31 + .12 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. + .15 + .17 + .06 C. P. Washburn Co. + .22 -.17 -.04 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. + .28 + .19 -.27 Worcester Rendering Co. + .34 + .16 + .07 1 The above table shows that 18 of the 26 manufacturers listed had an overrun in all three elements; 23 showed an overrun and 3 a shortage in nitrogen; 21 showed an overrun and 5 a shortage in potash; and all but one showed an overrun in available phosphoric acid. The average marginal overrun of the 26 manu- facturers was .07 per cent less for nitrogen, .17 per cent less for available phosphoric acid, and .08 per cent less for potash, than during 1925. It is likely that this fact may in a measure explain the increased number of deficiencies noted during the year's inspection. 11 Nitrogen in Mixed Fertilizers. An average of all of the mixed complete fertilizers analyzed shows total nitrogen, 3.66 per cent; consisting of nitrogen in mineral forms, 2.25 per cent; and in organic forms, 1.41 per cent. The totaliiitrogen had an activity of 79 per cent, and the water insoluble nitrogen, an activity of 65 per cent, determined largely by the alkaline permanganate method. Average Proportion and Quality of the Different Forms of Nitrogen found in Mixed Fertilizers. Percentage Composition Percentage OF Total Nitrogen. of Total Percentage Percentage Number of Organic Nitrogen Activity of Total Activity Ammonia Guarantee. of Water Samples. In In In in Water Organic Insoluble Mineral Organic Active Soluble Nitrogen. Nitrogen. Form. Form. Form. Form. Below 2 per cent . 27 52 48 87 39 74 57 Between 2 and 3 per cent 110 52 48 89 52 77 52 Between 3 and 4 per cent 176 58 42 90 53 77 50 Between 4 and 5 per cent 287 64 36 90 42 73 53 Between 5 and 6 per cent 177 58 42 93 33 82 74 Between 6 and 7 per cent 56 49 51 92 21 85 81 Above 7 per cent . 103 71 29 95 41 84 73 Sixteen per cent more mineral nitrogen was used than in 1925 in those fertilizers having less than 2 per cent ammonia guarantee. This is a decided improvement, in so far as these low ammonia mixtures are, or should be, used largely as supple- ments to the farm manurial supply. An increased proportion of mineral nitrogen was also used in those brands having an ammonia guarantee between 4 and 7 per cent. Grades having ammonia guarantees between 2 and 4 per cent and over 7 per cent showed somewhat less mineral nitrogen than in 1925. The percentage activity of the water insoluble nitrogen was somewhat higher than in 1925 in grades with less than 2 per cent and over 6 per cent ammonia guaranteed. On all other grades the percentage activity was somewhat, but not significantly, less. Fertilizer Brands Showing Inferior Insoluble Organic Nitrogen. Activity of Water Insoluble Organic Nitrogen (Per Cent). Number of Grade. Manufacturer and Brand. Samples. Alkaline Permanganate Method. Neutral Permanganate Method. Maine Faxmers Exchange. F. E. 4-0-10 1 4-6-10 41.00 71.20 Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Mapes General Truck Manure 3 5-6-5 36.80 77.40 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 2-8-2 ' . . . . 7 2-8-2 38.51 62.49 Harvest Brand 3-8-4 - . . . . 3 3-8-4 36.60 69.80 Harvest Brand 4-8-4 ^ . . . . 5 4-8-4 46.80 78.60 Harvest Brand 5-8-7 .... 5 5-8-7 44.00 77.00 Harvest Brand 8-6-6 3 . . . . 3 8-6-6 41.00 78.40 Victory Fertilizer Co. Victory Lawn and Garden * . . . 1 4-8-4 53.40 ' Three analyses. 2 One other analysis showed a satisfactory activity of the water insoluble nitrogen. ' Three analyses. * Six other samples, two analyses, were passed, the guarantee of nitrogen having been met by the more active forms of nitrogen. 12 The brands of fertilizer showing a low activity of their water insoluble organic nitrogen were just one-half the number noted during the previous season. The manufacturers involved were four, as against seven in 1925. Cost of High-Analysis vs. Low-Analysis Fertilizers. High-Analysis. Low-Analysis. Average .selling price of fertilizer per ton ..... Average commercial value of fertilizer per ton .... Average money difference between selling price and valuation Percentage difference ........ $55 41 37 33 18 08 48 43 $47 31 26 97 20 34 75 42 Average pound cost of — Mineral nitrogen (cents) ....... Organic nitrogen (cents) ....... Available phosphoric acid (cents) ...... Potash as muriate (cents) ....... 30.0 45.0 9.0 6.0 35.0 53 0 11.0 7.0 Although the above figures are presented largel}^ as a means of effecting a com- parison of similar data from year to year, yet they also serve to emphasize the advantage of purchasing the high-analysis mixtures. The purchase of mixed fertiUzers should be governed by content and proportion as well as the actual cost of the plant food elements. Low ton cost on low-analysis mixtures may, and usually does, mean excessive cost for actual plant food received. Ton prices are valuable in comparing mixtures of similar grade. Avoid the low- analysis (less than 14 per cent of available plant food) mixtures. Explanation of Tables of Analyses. The column headed "Grade of Fertilizer" gives the minimum guarantee of ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash, always stated in this order. To convert ammonia to equivalent nitrogen, multiply by the factor .82. In the table headed "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of SI or More per Ton," under the heading "Approximate Commercial Valuation per Ton," is found the sum of the valuation of each plant food element calculated on the basis of analysis and trade values adopted for 1926, which appear on a preceding page of the bulletin. In the same table, under "Approximate Commercial Shortage per Ton," is shown the commercial valuation of the deficiencies or tests found below the guaran- tee, per ton of fertilizer, the value of overruns being used in all cases to offset valuation of shortages. Under "Nitrogen" the column headed "Proportion in Water Soluble Form" includes both the mineral and the water soluble part of the organic nitrogen, both of which are readily available. Under " Quality of Insoluble Nitrogen " in all of the tables of mixed fertilizers, passed indicates an activity of 50 or over by the alkaline and 80 or over by the neutral permanganate method ; inferior indicates an activity below 50 and below 80 by the two laboratory methods. All samples are passed which show an activity of the water insoluble nitrogen of 80 per cent or better by the neutral method, even though they maj^ have shown a test below 50 per cent by the alkaline method. All samples are passed which show the sum of the mineral, water soluble organic, and active water insoluble organic nitrogen equivalent to the minimum guarantee. Under "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton," and "Mixtures Seriously Out of Balance but not having Commercial Shortage," deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. In those tables headed "Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee" in the column marked "Form of Potash," the word muriate means that enough chlorine was found present to unite with all of the potash (K2O) found, and it 13 is likely, therefore, that all of the potash was derived from chloride of potash or muriate. Figures in parenthesis following the brand name, in tables headed "Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee," indicate the number of samples from which tl;e composite sample finally analyzed was drawn. The simplified method of presenting results of analyses of "Mixtures Sub- stantially Complying with Guarantee" is followed in this bulletin. The detailed results of analysis of any brand inspected will be gladly furnished to am^ one suffi- ciently interested to apply for them. 14 o 9 P. bo o CO o o bo I CQ ^ 0} oo o o oo oooooo o ooo o ■paa^UBJcnr) oo o o oo oooooo o ooo o w >= lOTf ■* •* coco CD CD "J* •* •* Tji •n •OCDIN ■* r-< .— 1 r-< 1— < oie t^ to oo» OOOlTliOOO CO ■*00-.O e« oia 'I «o -HOO (- t^OlIN •puno^ ^ CO «5lO la lo o <-i CO M ^ CO cu- oo o o OO oooooo o ooo o iOL-3 lO >c <.-itn oooooo o ooo lO ^ •paa^u'BJBno •^OO to 00 coco CO CO CO CD CO CD 'J' w t>.' o> 00 ?: H O C-. (N OJ 00 oit» r-oo«ooot- t- ^ CDIN-<1< CD ■pnno^ ISO 00 o OICO O ^WOOI" CO t^ot^ to "^OO «o o> t^t^ '-'-S^SS •« t^t^o 00 oo o o oo OOOOOO o ooo o oo ■>»•«> o 00 coo CO CO CO CD CO CO •* CO CO 00 00 O >i '~' ,-. 1— 1 rH -H «oco rt « t^.^ -«o •— ' — ■^w «D ■OC^ NOqiM '^ T* «•* 00>'* l- OOIOM ^ :5 •pnnoj 09 0> O 10 ooo9T)imMo> 0» lo t. la 1-4 0 o « COM «0 « laio ieu3(0 1- 1- ta CO ■OIS^ CO •B-U T3 -O •OT3 -c-BTSTi-a-o ■a ^ ^ bt ooo 13 Iz; SS S ^ ^ S (1) a; a> oj OJ a; m (- l-i 1h m aiqnjosni jo X^iiBn^ SS S § S3 "c"c"a C8 PhO, O. Ch fcCL, (iHtXCHfeCMPL, Oh Oi ■uuojI aiqnios >- < ^ e» a ^,4^:je^^ :J^ ^ oo -H (N CO -H CO Ol Tf lOt^O CO ■aitusTOK -HW — « O5C0 a- 00 t^ O iC O: rf 00 -to "O too «2 (N t^t^ cot^iomco'C •^ COU5t^ 0> (■Biaja uox Jad agirjjong uiuioQ a'j'Buiixojddy 03-H 1^ CO CO n O'O cooojcoco-* IN N O --11 CO CO t- COCO ■* ot~o COlNr-i •o 00 o> •OCO O O CO CO t^ CD lO t^r^co CO uox JacI uoi:tBn|B^ t^(N CD 00 CO 00 00 00 CO CO t^ 00 o iNiOt^ t^ [t:ijja uiuioQ o'jBuiixoaddy or~ CO tH CDt» 00 00 t~ CO CO ■* o ooao t^ 05 N coco •~ t; •*■* Tf Tf '-H »-t f— 1 •— 1 IC Tfl 1 ■* coco CDOCDCOCOCO lO CDOIN •* 1 1 CO 1 1 1 T°P eco coco 1 1 1 1 •* o^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 oooo 1 m-* T*! T)< 00 00 OCOO"— 1 .-H^ in OOOON ■. I. t. tl CO CD 0^ o o o 3 g O o c ■ ■ 3 O 5-^ " S C 'C c o So 2; r Fertilizer W ur's Big Crop 4 ur's Big Crop F s & Onions (192 O's'3 o a a fl cc « Sec H Eastern States Farm No Filler Fertilizer S No Filler Fertilizer 8 High Analysis Fertili High Analysis Fertili High Analysis Fertili High Analysis Fertili 3 £ 1^ jnt-Mt. Airy est Brand 8-6-f est Brand 8-6-t est Brand 2-8-i It h O S 12; O u Z ficocs < Piedm Harv Harv Harv M1« 15 oooo oo OM oooo oo CCO-. itsoirat^ oto com ooeooie tor^ o>eq i-!to ■an oooo oo oo in lomo ■OII5 tCO to to «d 00 CO to 00 00 not- -tit^ 05«n a>oo ^TfCiiT) OOO Mt^ t^ OOOO 03 b-'od oo'od oooo oo oo oooo OO oo to to to 00 toco oooo to«oco«o OOO MO t^00U5C<5 mo> 10'^ tot^t^od tot^ t-^e-' tOKltO— 1 OOOO OCD t^t~t~rt OXi -H(M lf2iC>0 •<1< toco ■«j0 05 00 05 •*0'-iM mm LTOO •*CD-H T}< NiO rtM — ^COO -nm -HM OOCO-* Ot^ IMCO lOCOOOrt ^ a ^■S-S?; o -S" Hadl. West Wine Amh( OS ■73 T3 05 a ^§ 0; tH ** flj « !! to to 1 1 0* o toco a N o _• ; _■ § Ocioo -0^ O a ^ CO CO .11 oSSS^ oSS Dress Dress Dress Truck g c3 c3 ^|l O'c'2 P^ o a a a,.. M'— - — oyster er's To er's To er's To er's 5'y, Sec St3T3 MSS w-s-y-s-s . >> >. >1 >> m o o o o h ts 6 ■o a 03 C5 - i I ^ O T3 ''^ si's 4 OJ ^ i I i agT3 ^ S t- O o • « _e m ^ S "3 QJ 13 :« 03 03 J5J3 3 M-S ■S-S O a:::* ^ c " M ■ ^^ o o s-i* io03±> '^>.«2a ^ 3-g-C; -Sao! " 1-5 Si « coco g^ -^-S S « g " '" ° oTS'E o-w - 9 c JS a 3 *^.Ti O CO J3 H ;S C-^2 a 3-"t3 Mo g u.g0 3§-u.3§:2flfl o §5 o g o o o>"ii c^a CO „ g a 05 1; . 3—. O 03 oj p-^ 03 ,CJ 43 O 49 u ili 4J o f-2 < z «lll •puno^ •psa^uBJBno •pnnoj 0"3 06 C5 COOJIN 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 >o •paaiuBJBno d to 00 00 CO 0" to (N to to to to ^ n CO 00 O! 00 CO t^ N ONO 10 CO toto->i< 0 to 00 05-* ,-( t~ CO to ooost^ '"' '^ '^ rti-H to tototo 10 TJICOOO 5 ododto •paa^nuiBno •puno^j -H OMoq to tOOOOO >T) 3 C3 O ^ C -a o ffiPQ O oi o.ti a Sm ojm 000 5-Ti illingt Amh uthwi ontag ubbar SZmSM &3 a^ < ^^ o a ■Uot 0.2 o 53 JD^ «J1 ft o g— toto TO 73 '^ 00 W 6 t*CC 17 CO 00 § CO o s IS ^ 8 o •o o o »o 00 o> S CO 13 a 00 O) 8 2 s oS CJ CJ Oi 0. Ph :s o :s^ ■o CO IN to 05 O o 1 t^ o 1 f 00 CD >o ■* M < o o Sec! a B ojja m «^ ;^0 •2-« .4 ElO ■s T3 a ^l a> P4 a a ^ o ^ t-. o SS3 c3 c-a 0 0 0 ^-^ <2 -■S Sis >> _ S^ °' 03 §°^> 73 *^G-3° C 0) 0 » 0 0 »(^So SS Otherwis guarantee, of over $1 narantee. with com ial shortag jio 0) MB g a « _ o3 OJ ^ ■«,>T3 « <3 0 03-^ *" 0 «-J3-o2 sent in substa had a ibstan showe 1926 s c s 5 a •a L. potag othe othe other othe other . Acme Fertilizer (3) . Agrico Fertilizer for Corn (2) Agrico Fertilizer for Potatoes (1) . Aroostook Potato Manure (3) Bowker's All Round Fertilizer (12) ^ Bowker's Ammoniated Food for Flowers (3) Bowker's Hill & Drill Phosphate (1) 3 . Bowker's Lawn & Garden Dressing (6) - Bowker's Market Garden Fertilizer (11) ^ Bowker's New England Top Dressing (1) ' Bowker's Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (10) Bowker's Square Brand Corn & Grain (4) Bowker's Sure Crop Fertilizer (6) . Bowker's Sure Crop Phosphate (1) ' Bradley's Blood, Bone & Potash (10) ^ . Bradley's Complete Manure for Potatoes & Vegetables (14) 2 . . . . Bradley's Complete Manure with 10% Potash (10)2 Bradley's Corn Phosphate (13) ■ . Bradley's Eclipse Fertilizer (5) 2 . Bradley's Northland Potato Grower (2) ' Bradley's Potato Fertilizer (6) Bradley's Potato Manure (9) 2 Bradley's Superior Tobacco Compound (1) Bradley's XL Superphosphate of Lime (14) 2 Break's Lawn & Garden Dressing (1) Complete General Fertilizer (5) Complete Manure with 10% Potash (2) Corn Favorite (6) . Country Club Golf & Lawn Fertilizer Brand A (1) Country Club Golf & Lawn Fertilizer Brand B (2) E. Frank Coe's Celebrated Fertilizer (2) E. Frank Coe's Columbian Corn & Potato Fertilizer (1) E. Frank Coe's Connecticut Wrapper Grower (2) E. Frank Coe's Gold Brand Excelsior Guano (1)' E. Frank Coe's Gold Brand Fertilizer (3) E. Frank Coe's Potato & Truck Manure (2) E. Frank Coe's Red Brand Fertilizer (1) Farmers' Friend Fertilizer (1) Farquhar's Lawn Fertilizer (1) Farquhar's Vegetable and Potato Fertilizer (1) General Crop Fertilizer (2) . Grass & Lawn Top Dressing (17) 2 Hercules Top Dresser (2) . Hi-Grade Tobacco Manure (1) Matchless Fertilizer (5) . . . Monarch Fertilizer (4) ... National Aroostook Special Fertilizer (3) National Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (2) National Excelsior Potato Fertilizer (2) National Market Garden Fertilizer (5) . National Market Garden Fertilizer (1) ' National Pine Tree State Potato Fertilizer (3) National Premier Potato Manure (2) Peerless Potato Manure (2) . Prolific 10% Potash Fertilizer (9) Grade of Fertilizer. 5-7-10 1-9-4 3-10-6 4-8-6 5-8-7 3-8-4 3-6-2 3-10-4 3-9-2 4-8-4 8-6-6 2-9-3 2-8-2 1-9-4 1-8-2 5-8-7 4-8-7 4-6-10 2-8-2 1-9-4 4-8-4 2-9-3 3-8-4 7-4-7 3-10-4 6-6-4 3-8-4 4-6-10 3-10-6 8-4-2 8-5-3 4-8-4 2-9-3 5-4-5 3-8-4 3-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-7 2-12^ 6-6-4 4-8-7 2-9-3 6-6-4 7-6-5 7-4-7 2-8-2 4-8^ 5-8-7 5-4-5 4-6-10 3-8-4 3-8^ 4-8-4 4-8-7 4-8-7 2-8-10 Nitrogen. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. H Passed H Passed H Passed *A Passed H Passed H Passed Vio Passed ^ Passed K Passed % Passed Vio Passed % Passed H Passed % Passed H Passed % Passed % Passed % Passed H Passed H Passed H Passed % Passed Vio Passed Va Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed *A Passed % Passed Vio Passed H Passed % Passed H Passed Vio Passed % Passed Vio Passed % Passed % Passed H Passed Vio Pas.sed H Passed % Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed Vi Passed % Passed H Passed H Passed H Passed H Passed H Passed % Passed % Passed *A Passed H Passed H Passed Form of Potash. Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ?^ sulfate* Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Vio sulfate • Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Vio sulfate « Muriate Muriate Muriate '/lo sulfate 8 ]\Iuriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate 1 Figures in parenthesis following the brand name indicate the number of samples from which the composite sample finally analyzed was drawn. 2 Two analyses made. » 1925 stock. < Three analyses made. ' Two analyses made. One other sample was deficient. See analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." • The remainder muriate, i.e., suflScient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 19 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. Form of Potash, American Agricultural Chemical Co. — Con . Sanderson's Atlantic Coast Bone, Fish & Potash (3) 3-10-4 % Passed Muriate Sanderson's Complete Tobacco Grower (1) 5-4-5 M Passed Vio sulfate ' Sanderson's Corn Superphosphate (1) 2-9-3 % Passed Muriate Sanderson's Formida A (2) . 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate Sanderson's Formula B (4) . 4-8-7 % Passed Vio sulfate ' Sanderson's Potato Manure (2) . 3-8-4 H Passed Muriate Sanderson's Top Dressing for Grass & Grain (1) 6-6-4 9 10 Passed Muriate Special Grass Top Dressing (3) . 8-6-6 Vio Passed Muriate Stockbridge Early Crop Manure (2) - . 5-8-7 4^ Passed Muriate Stockbridge Hill & Drill Fertilizer (3) 4-8-7 H Pa.ssed Muriate Stockbridge Potato & Vegetable Manure (11) ' 4-6-10 H Passed Muriate Stockbridge Premier T bacco Grower (1) 7-4-7 H Passed Vio sulfate ' Stockbridge Tobacco Manure (3) . 5-4-5 H Passed Vio sulfate 1 American Chemical Specialties Co. Springfield Rose Food (2) ^ . 5 . 86-6-2 73 Passed Muriate American Soda Products Co. Grogreen Fern Food (1) .... 6-8-3 % Passed K sulfate ' Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Corn & All Crops (1) . . . 2-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate Liberty Corn, Fruit & All Crops (1) 2-12-4 VlO Passed Muriate Liberty Formula B Tobacco Fertilizer (2) 6.13-5-5.2 Yz Passed *4 sulfate ' Liberty High Grade Market Gardeners (2) ' . 5-8-7 All - Muriate Liberty Onion Special (Potash as Sulphate) (6) 4-8-7 Vi Passed Vio sulfate > Liberty Potato & General Crop (1) 4-8-10 Vio Passed Muriate Liberty Potato & Market Gardeners Special (2)3 4-8-4 Vio Passed Muriate . Liberty Potato & Vegetable (2) . 2-8-10 i* 10 Passed Muriate Liberty Tobacco Special (1) 5-4-5 % Passed Vio sulfate 1 Armour Fertilizer Works. Armour's Big Crop 3-8-4 (6) 3 . 3-8-4 H Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-6-10 (2) . 4-6-10 % Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-8-4 (7) ^ . 4-8-4 *A Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-8-7 (1) 4-8-7 H Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 5-8-5 (2) . . . 5-8-5 H Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 5-8-7 (4) ^ . 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 8-6-6 (2) . . . 8-6-6 % Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Tobacco Special (3) . 5-4-5 H Passed Vio sulfate • Armour's Corn Grower (5) ^ 2-8-2 '/lO Passed Muriate Armour's Fertilizer 2-9-3 (2) . . . 2-9-3 'Au Passed Muriate Armour's Grain Grower (1) ^ 2-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate Barrie Laboratories, Inc. Barrie's House Plant Food (2) 3 . 7.9-4-6.5 Vs Passed _6 Beach Soap Co. Beach's Advance (3) ' . 3-9-1 . 75 V2 Passed Muriate Beach's Corn & Vegetable (3) ^ . 2.5-9-0 ¥i Passed - Beach's Market Garden (2) ' 4-8-3.75 Vio Passed Muriate Beach's Top Dressing (2) . 5 . 75-9-5 . 75 % Passed Muriate Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Berkshire Complete Fertilizer (2) . 3-8-3 H Passed Muriate Berkshire Complete Tobacco (1) . 5-4-5 H Passed % sulfate ' Berkshire Economical Grass Fertilizer (4) 10-3-8 H Passed Muriate Berkshire Grass Special (4) . 7-6-5 Vio Passed Muriate ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. ■ Two analyses made. One other sample was out of balance. See analysis in table of " Mixtures seriously out of balance but not having commercial shortage." 3 Two analy.ses made. * Two analyses made. 1925 stock. 6 Old stock. 6 In one sample the potash was in form of muriate; in one sample, 3^ sulfate, the remainder muriate. ' One other sample was out of balance. See analysis in table of "Mixtures seriously out of balance but not having commercial shortage." 20 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Quality of Water Insoluble Form of Potash. Form. Organic. Berkshire Fertilizer Co. — Con. Berkshire Long Island Special (5) 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Berkshire Market Garden Fertilizer (6) . 4-8-^ K Passed Muriate Berkshire Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (1) . 2-9-3 V4. Passed Muriate Berkshire Starter w-ith 10% Potash (4) . 5-8-10 Vi Passed H sulfate » Berkshire Tobacco Special (1) . 7-4-7 % Passed a sulfate 1 Bon Arbor Chemical Co. Bon Arbor Unsurpassed Soluble Plant Life (1) 18-4-4 All - Muriate E. D. Chittenden Co. Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower 4% Potash (5) . 4-8^ 9/lO Passed H sulfate » Chittenden's High Grade Potato (6) 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Chittenden's High Grade Tobacco (5) . 6.5-3-7.5 H Passed '/lo sulfate ' Chittenden's Potato Special 4% Potash (3) . 4-8-^ Vio Pas.°ed Muriate Chittenden's Potato Special 7% Potash (1) . 4-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Chittenden's Special Tobacco Starter (1) 4-6-12 H Passed Vio sulfate > Chittenden's Special Top Dresser (2) ^ . 8-6-6 Vio Passed Muriate Chittenden's Tobacco Special (2) . 5-4-5 % Passed Vio sulfate > Chittenden's Vegetable & Onion Grower (5) 3-8-4 Vio Passed Muriate Clay & Son Clay's Fertilizer (3) 4. 86-1. 12-. 08 Vs Passed Muriate Conestoga By-Products Co. F&I(1) 2. 5-. 25-3 % Passed % muriate * JohnC. Dow Co. Dow's Garden Fertilizer (2) ... 4.5-10-4 H Passed Muriate Dow's Garden Fertilizer (1) ... 4.5-10-7 % Passed Muriate Dow's Garden Fertilizer (1) . . . . 4.5-12-0 Vi Passed - ' Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp. Stim-U-Plant (1) < 13.34-11.71-15 All - yi sulfate » Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States No Filler 3-12-3 (7) » . 3-12-3 H Passed Muriate Eastern States No Filler 4-8-10 (6) ^ . 4-8-10 H Passed Muriate Eastern States No Filler 5-8-7 (5) 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Eastern States No Filler 5-10-5 (2) 5-10-5 % Passed Muriate Eastern States Open Formula A Tobacco Fertilizer (2) 6.5-4.25-5.5 Vi Passed Vio sulfate ' Eastern States Open Formula B (1) 6^-5.25 K Passed H sulfate » Thomas W. Emerson Co. Emerson's E Special Grass Fertilizer (1) 7-5-2 H Passed Muriate Essex Fertilizer Co. Essex A 1 Superphosphate (2) . 2-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate Essex Complete Manure (1) 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate Essex Fish Fertilizer (4) 3-8^ H Passed Muriate Essex Market Garden (3) 4-8-4 Vs Passed Muriate Essex Peerless Potato Manure (1) 4-6-10 Vio Passed Muriate Essex Potato Phosphate (4) 4-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate Essex Top Dressing (1) 7-6-5 All - Muriate Excell Laboratories Zenke's New Plant Life (Liquid) (4) 1.7-1. 07-. 54 All - Sulfate L. T. Frisbie Co. Frisbie's Special Vegetable & Potato Grower (1) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate Frisbie's Top Dresser (1) . 7-6-5 Vb Passed Muriate • The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 2 Two analyses. Two other samples were deficient: see analyses in table of "Mixtures £ho\^^ng a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." One other sample was out of balance: see analysis in table of "Mixtures seriously out of balance but not having commercial shortage." ' The remainder in forms other than muriate, largely in organic combinations. * One other analysis, four samples, was out of balance. See table of "Mixtures seriously out of balance but not having commercial shortage." ' Two analyses made. 21 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Thomas Hersom & Co. Hersom's Neverfail (2) A. W. Higgrins, Inc. OldDecrfipld Lawnshrub (1) Old Deerfield 3-10-6 (1) Old Deerfiold 4-8-4 (2) Old Deerfield 5-8-7 (2) Old Deerfield 6-8-7 (4) Old Deerfield 6-10-10 (2) . Old Deerfield 7-4-7 (1) Old Deerfield 8-6-6 (2) Old Deerfield 10-16-14 (2) . International Agricultural Corp Fertilis Tablets (3) I. A. C. Berry & Fruit (2) . I. A. C. Crop Grower (9) 2 . I. A. C. Economy (2) . I. A. C. General Favorite (8) I. A. C. High Grade Manure (6) I. A. C. Ideal (8) . . . " I. A. C. Multiple Strength 8-12-20 (3) I. A. C. Multiple Strength 8-16-8 (2) I. A. C. Multiple Strength 10-16-14 (1) I. A. C. New England Special (5) I. A. C. Onion & Vegetable (3) I. A. C. Phosphate & Potash (1) . I. A. C. Special (3) . I. A. C. Tobacco Grower (2) I. A. C. Top Dresser & Starter (4) Benry James & Son, Inc. 5-8-7 (1) Xowell Fertilizer Co. Lowell Animal Brand (11) 2 . Lowell Bone Fertilizer (3) Lowell Corn and Vegetable (8) 2 . Lowell Market Garden Manure (4) Lowell Potato Grower (8) ' . Lowell Potato Phosphate (1) Lowell Top Dressing (5) - Lowell 3-10-4 (1) Maine Farmers Exchange F-E 2-8-2 (1) F-E 3-8-4 (1) F-E 3-12-3 (2) F-E 4-6-10 (1) F-E 4-8-4 (3) F-E 5-8-7 (4) 2 F-E 5-10-5 (1) F-E 8-6-6 (2) Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Mapes Connecticut Valley Special (2) Mapes Corn Manure (4) Mapes General Tobacco Manure (2) Mapes General Truck Manure (3) Mapes General Use Manure (2) Mapes Onion Manure (3) Mapes Potato Manure (6) . Mapes Special Trucker (1) . Mapes Tobacco Ash Constituents (3) Mapes Tobacco Manure Wrapper Brand (1) Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved (3) Grade of Fertilizer. 4.86-10-5 6-5-5 3-10-6 4-8-4 5-8-7 6-8-7 6-10-10 7-4-7 8-6-6 10-16-14 10-12-10 3-10-4 5-8-7 1-9-4 3-8-4 4-8-10 4-8-4 8-12-20 8-16-8 10-16-14 2-12-4 3-8-6 0-12-5 4-6-10 5-6-7 7-6-5 5-8-7 3-8-4 2-8-2 4-8-4 5-8-7 4-6-10 4-8-7 7-6-5 3-10-4 2-8-2 3-8-4 3-12-3 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-7 5-10-5 8-6-6 6-4-7 3-8-3 5-4-5 5-6-5 3-6^ 4-6^ 4-7-5 5-8-7 1-4-15 .5-2-10.5 5-6-1 Nitrogen. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. Vio Passed Vio Passed Vs Passed % Passed Yz Passed Vi Passed % Passed % Passed H Passed 'A Passed All H Passed *A Passed Vio Passed M Passed H Passed M Passed H Passed Vio Passed H Passed K Passed H Passed H Passed H Passed Vio Passed H Passed K Passed % Passed % Passed Vio Passed M Passed % Passed All - ^ Passed Vio Passed ^ Passed «/io Passed Vio Inferior li Passed % Passed Vio Passed Vio Passed K Passed % Passed H Passed % Inferior li Passed % Passed % Passed % Passed Yh Passed Vi Passed Yx Passed Form of Potash. Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Vio sulfate > '/lo sulfate ' s/10 sulfate 1 Muriate Muriate 14 sulfate « Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Vio sulfate > '/lo sulfate ' '/lo sulfate ' Muriate }'2 sulfate » Muriate Muriate % sulfate ' y^ sulfate » Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate '/lo sulfate ' yi, sulfate ' Vio sulfate ' % sulfate I '/lo sulfate ' Sulfate Muriate Vio sulfate ' Vio sulfate « '/lo sulfate ' '/lo sulfate ' ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. - Two analyses made. * Three analyses made. 22 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. Form of Potash. Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. — Con. Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved Special (1) ' 5-6-3 H Passed VlO sulfate = Mapes Top Dresser (2) .... 10-4-2 VlO Passed '/lo sulfate - A. G. Markham & Co. 2-8-2 Fertilizer (1) 2-8-2 H Passed Muriate 4-6-10 Fertilizer (1) 4-6-10 Vio Passed Muriate 4-8-4 Fertilizer (1) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate 5-4-5 Fertilizer (1) 5-4-5 y% Passed '/lo sulfate - 5-8-7 Fertilizer (1) 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate McCallum Co. Fertobac (.3) 3-. 5-3. 5 All - Vio muriate ' Mitchell Fertilizer Co. Mitchell's Rhode Island Special Fertilizer (1) . 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate Mitchell's Vegetable Fertilizer (1) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate New England Fertilizer Co. New England Complete Manure (2) 4-6-10 ^i Passed Muriate New England Corn Phosphate (3) 2-8-2 % Passed Muriate New England Market Garden Manure (4) 5-8-7 »/io Passed Muriate New England Potato and Vegetable Manure (4) 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate New England Potato Phosphate (1) 4-8-7 H Passed Muriate New England Superphosphate (3) 3-8-4 H Passed Muriate Olds & Whipple, Inc. Fowler's Special Mixture for Tobacco (1) 5-3.5-8.5 H Passed '/lo carbonate* O & W Blue Label Tobacco Fertilizer (2) 6-3-6 Vi Passed VlO sulfate "■ O & W Complete Market Garden Fertilizer (1) 4-8-4 Vi Passed Muriate O & W Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (2) 5-4-5 M Passed VlO sulfate = 0 & W High Grade Starter & Potash Com- pound (3) 5-4-15 % Passed VlO sulfate "■ O & W High Grade Tobacco Starter (2) . 10-3-0 % Passed _ O & W High Grade Vegetable & Potato Ferti- lizer (3) 5-8-7 H Passed VlO sulfate 2 Oyama Products Co. Oyama Plant Food (1) 20.67-17.35-24.52 All - Sulfate Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. P & P AA Brand (3) 5-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate P & P Corn and Vegetable (4) . 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate P & P Grain Grower (3) . . . . 2-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate P & P Maine Potato Fertilizer (4) » 4-6-10 VlO Passed Muriate P & P Plymouth Rock Brand (2) . 3-8-4 M Passed Muriate P & P Top Dressing (2) . . . . 7-6-5 All - Muriate Pawtucket Rendering Co. Pawtucket 4-8-7 (1) 4-8-7 *A Passed Muriate Potato 4-8-4 (1) 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate Special Market Garden (1) . 5.42-9-4.8 VlO Passed Muriate Special Potato (1) 5.42-8.4-7.2 VlO Pas.se d Muriate Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 2-8-2 (6) « . 2-8-2 VlO Inferior Muriate Harvest Brand 3-8-4 (4) ^ . 3-8-4 K Inferior Muriate Harvest Brand 4-6-10 (4) . 4-6-10 VlO Passed Muriate Harvest Brand 4-8-4 (6) 6 . 4-8-4 % Inferior Muriate Harvest Brand 5-8-5 (1) . 5-8-5 % Passed Muriate Harvest Brand 5-8-7 (5) . 5-8-7 H Inferior Muriate Harvest Brand 8-6-6 (1) ' . 8-6-6 VlO Inferior Muriate ' 'This brand proved to be Tobacco Starter Improved 5-6-1 instead of Tobacco Starter Improved Special 5-6-3, which was ordered. Investigation showed that the 5-6-1 grade had been shipped in error and as soon as the mistake was discovered a proper rebate was allowed for the difference in price. 2 The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 2 The remainder in forms other than muriate, largely in organic combinations. * V'o sulfate, V20 muriate. ' Two analyses made. ' Two analyses made. One other sample was deficient: see analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." ' Two other samples were deficient. See analyses in table of " Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." 23 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — Continued. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturee and Brand. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. Form of Potash. Plant Marvel Laboratories Plant Marvel Formula A (1) ... 15.32-31.5-14.5 All - % sulfate ' Rogers & Hubbard Co. Golf Green Fertilizer (1) . . . . 8-6-0 H Passed - Gro-Fast Plant Food (1) . . 4-5-4 H Passed Sulfate Hubbard's Bone Base Oats and Top Dressing (11) 10-3-8 VlO Passed Yi sulfate ' Hubbard's Bone Base Fertilizer for Seeding Down (3) 3-5-6 Vio Passed Muriate Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Corn and General Crops Manure (5) ... 3-8-6 % Passed Muriate Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Potato Manure (6) 6-8-5 H Passed % sulfate ' Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Tobacco Manure (2) 6-8-10 H Passed Vio sulfate ' Rogers & Hubbard's All Soils-All Crops Fertilizer (4) 4-10-4 Vio Passed Muriate Rogers & Hubbard's Climax Tobacco Brand (1) 5-4-5 % Passed » 10 sulfate ' Rogers & Hubbard's Corn and Grain Fertilizer (4)2 1-10-3 H Passed Muriate Rogers & Hubbard's High Potash Fertilizer (3) 3-8-10 Vio Passed Muriate Rogers & Hubbard's Potato Fertilizer (4) 2-10-4 H Passed Muriate Rogers & Hubbard's Tobacco Grower Vege- table Formula (1) . 6^-4 Vio Passed Vio sulfate ' 4-8-4 (3) 4-8-4 All - ^Iuriate 5-8-7 (1) 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate 10-3-8 (1) 10-3-8 All — Muriate }4 Soluble Tobacco and H Tobacco Grower (1) 6-6-7 J'2 Passed Vio sulfate ' Ross Brothers Co. Lawn Grass Top Dressing (1) . . . 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate Market Garden (1) .... . 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate F. S. Royster Guano Co. Royster's Gem Guano (1) . 2-12-4 % Passed Muriate Royster's Quality Trucker (1) . . . 4-8-7 H Passed Muriate Royster's Rational Guano (3) 1-9-4 H Passed Muriate Royster's Spearhead Guano (4) . 3-8-4 Vio Pas.sed Muriate Royster's Top Dresser (3) ' 7-6-5 Vs Passed Muriate Royster's Truckers Delight (6) . 4-8-4 U Passed Muriate Royster's 5% Truck Guano (4) ^ . 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate Royster's Valley Tobacco Formula (4) . 5-4-5 H Passed Vio sulfate ' M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Swift-Sure Crop Grower (3) . 4-8-4 U Passed % sulfate • Swift-Sure Superphosphate Potato Special (2) 5-8-7 H Passed — 6 Swift-Sure Tobacco & General Use (1) . 3-10-3 Vio Passed VlO sulfate ' Swift-Sure Tobacco Starter (3) . 4-10-0 Vio Passed - Springrfield Rendering Co. Special Lawn & Shrub Fertilizer (1) 5-5-5 H Passed '/lo sulfate ' Springfield Animal Brand (4) . . . 3-8-4 Vs Passed Muriate Springfield Market Garden Grower & Top Dresser (4) ..... . 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Springfield Special Potato, Onion & Vegetable (4) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate Springfield Tobacco Special (2) . 5-4-5 Vz Passed Sulfate Springfield 4-8-7 (1) 4-8-7 % Passed Muriate Stadler Products Co. Stadler's Superior Plant Food (3) . 14-6-8 All - Muriate Henry J. Taubert Ferti-Flora (3) 3.95-3.66-3.3 All Muriate ... . . ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 2 Two analyses made. 3 Three analyses made. Three other samples were deficient: see analyses in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of f 1 or more per ton." ' Four analyses made. One other sample was deficient: see analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." 6 In one sample the potash was in form of muriate; in one sample, '/lo sulfate, the remainder muriate. 24 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantee — ■ Concluded. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name op Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- tion in Water Soluble Form. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. Form of Potash. William Thomson & Sons Ltd. Thomson's Special Top Dressing Manure (1) . Thomson's Vine Plant & Vegetable Manure (1) 5.17-7-3 4-7-5 M M Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Triton Oil & Fertilizer Co. Triton 4-8-4 Fertilizer (1) . 4-8-4 Vio Passed Muriate United States Guano Co. Standard United States Evergreen Fish Guano (6) ' Standard United States Fish Bone & Potash (6)' Standard United States Service Mixture (4) * 4-8-4 5-8-7 2-12-6 Vio H Passed Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Muriate Victory Fertilizer Co. Victory Lawn & Garden Fertilizer (7) ^ . Victory Plant Food (6) = . 4-8^ 3-8-4 Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Tirginia-Carolina Chemical Co. V-C Aroostook Potato Grower (2) V-C Fish & Potash Compound (2) V-C Rescue Brand (1) .... V-C Super-Thirty (1) V-C XXXX Fish and Potash (1) . 5-8-7 2-9-3 3-8-4 6-18-6 4-8-4 Vio % Vio All Vio Passed Passed Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Vitogro Chemical Co. Vitogro (1) 3 4-7-2 All - Muriate C. P. Washburn Co. Made Right Corn Grower (2) > . Made Right Potato (3) ^ . Made Right Special Potato (3) ' . 2-8-2 4-8^ 4-6-10 Vio Passed Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Muriate Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Wilcox Com Special (3) . . . . Wilcox Fish & Potash (1924-25 Formula) (1) . Wilcox Special 4-8-4 (4) . . . . Wilcox 5-8-7 Fertilizer (4) . Wilcox 7-6-5 Top Dresser (2) . . . 3-10-4 4-8-4 4-8^ 5-8-7 7-6-5 Vio % H Vio Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Muriate 14 sulfate 6 Vio sulfate 5 Worcester Rendering Co. Prosperity Brand Complete Dressing (3) Prosperity Brand Corn & Grain (6) Prosperity Brand Market Garden (5) Prosperity Brand Potato & Vegetable (6) CZ. 6-6^ 2-8-2 5-8-7 4-8-4 Vio Passed Passed Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate * Two analyses made. 2 Three analyses made. 3 Old stock. * One other sample was deficient. See analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufiBcient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 25 CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS. Summary of Results of the Inspection of Fertilizer Simples and Raw Products. m m OJ OJ o - deliquescent. The three samples carried an average of 10.81 per cent of water. Calcium nitrate carries about 28 per cent calcium oxide and .5 per cent magnesium oxide, both soluble in water. 2 The nitrogen in this product is in organic and water soluble form. 27 Nitrate of Potash-Soda and Ammonium Phosphate. Nitrate of Potash-Soda. Ammonium Phosphate. Manuf.vctureh. NITROGEN. POTASH. NITROGEN. AVAILABLE PHOSPHORIC ACID. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Apothecaries Hall Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc. A. W. Higgins, Inc. 14.64' 14.80 12.02 12.00 16.40= 11.06 3 16.44 10.07 20.43 47.63 20.00 48.00 1 One sample. - Five samples, two analyses. Average total phosphoric acid, 21.47 per cent. 3 Two samples, one analysis. Total phosphoric acid, 49.44 per cent. Dried Blood. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Manufacturer. Found. Guaranteed. Found. American Agricultural Chemical Co. ■■irmour Fertilizer Works .... Consolidated Rendering Co. .... 1 1 1 12.28 14.08 10.32 9.87 12.30 9.84 3,37 .13 4.05 Cottonseed Meal and Castor Pomace. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Nitrogen. Material. Number of Manufacturer. Analyses. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co Castor Pomace . 1 4.98 4.53 Armour Fertilizer Works Cottonseed Meal 1 7.42 7.40 Apothecaries Hall Co. Castor Pomace . 1 4.64 4.52 Baker Castor Oil Co. . Castor Pomace . 2 5.21 4.52 Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Castor Pomace . 7 4.80 4.52 f Castor Pomace . 1 4.41 4.11 A. W. Higgins, Inc. i Castor Pomace . 1 5.23 4.50 f Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal 13 6.56 6.58 Humphreys-Godwin Co. . -j Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal 30 6.94 6.88 Off-Color Cottonseed Meal . 1 7.01 7.00 International Agricultural Corp. . Castor Pomace . 1 4.59 4.53 I. B. Lovitt & Co. . 1 Lovit Brand 41% Cottonseed Mea 1 1 6.63 6.58 Lovit Brand 43% Cottonseed Mea 1 5 6.82 6.88 Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Castor Pomace . 1 4.98 5.00 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Castor Pomace . 1 4.93 4.52 28 Cottonseed Meal and Castor Pomace — Concluded. Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of %! or More per Ton. Number of Analyses. NiTEOGBN. Manufacturer. Material. Found. Guaran- teed. Berkshire Fertilizer Co. F. W. Erode Corp. . Humphreys-Godwin Co. L. B. Levitt & Co. . Castor Pomace . Coltonsoed Meal Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal Very Dark Cottonseed Meal Very Dark Cottonseed Meal Off-Color Cottonseed Meal . 1' 22 83 6* 16 46 1' 78 4.35 6.11 6.61 6.34 6.37 5.31 5.30 6.44 4.52 6.56 6.88 6.56 5.76 6.88 6.56 6.88 ' Another sample was drawn from this lot, 20 sacks being sampled that were not previously sampled. The sample tested 4.36 per cent nitrogen. The company states that the product was bought from the Toledo Seed and Oil Co., Toledo, Ohio, and does not represent the product manufactured by the Berkshire Fertilizer Co. The sample which was drawn at Bradstreet had a commercial valuation of $28.71 and a commercial shortage of $1.12 per ton. 2 One sample taken at North Hadley had a commercial valuation of $39.93 and a commercial shortage of $3.37 per ton; another sample taken at Hatfield had a commercial valuation of $40.72 and a commercial shortage of $2.58 per ton. ' The location where sample was drawn, commercial valuation and commercial shortage per ton on the eight samples are as follows: Sunderland, $43.89, $1.51; Amherst, $44.02, $1.38; North Amherst, $44.22. $1.18; East Whately, $42.70, $2.70; Southwick, $43.63, $1.78; Westfield, $44.35, $1.06; North Hatfield, $42.90, $2.51; Sunderland, $43.56, $1.85. * The location where sample was drawn, commercial valuation and commercial shortage per ton on the six samples are as follows: Hatfield, $41.78, $1.52; Amherst, $41.25, $2.18; Hadley, $41.71, $1.52; Hat- field, $42.11, $1.32; Hatfield, $42.37, $1.06; Sunderland, $41.98, $1.32. ' Sampled at Bradstreet, commercial valuation $35.44, commercial shortage $2.58. ' These samples were very dark in color. Analysis showed them to be not only very seriously deficient in nitrogen, but also to contain a very high content of oil. The four carloads were sampled at Feeding Hills. The commercial valuation, commercial shortage, and content of fat of the four lots are as follows: $35.18, $10.23, 25.76 per cent; $35.11, $10.30, 24.59 per cent; $34.12, $11.29, 26.10 per cent; $35.77, $9.64, 24.40 per cent. ' Supposed to be 41 per cent meal. Sample drawn at Hatfield. Commercial valuation per ton, $34.98. Commercial shortage, $8.32. Fat content, 27.29 per cent. ' Place where sample was drawn, commercial valuation and commercial shortage per ton on the seven lots are as follows: Feeding Hills, $42.70, $2.71; Southwick, $43.96, $1.29; Southwick, $42.17, $3 24; Conway, $42.24, $3.17; Feeding Hills, $40.99, $4.42; Hatfield, $43.10, $2.31; Easthampton, $42.11, $3.30. Comments. — With further reference to .the five samples of very dark cottonseed meal put out by L. B. Lovitt & Co., it is probable that this meal was made from seed that was damaged by exposure and decomposition to such an extent that the oil was not pressed out, the whole seed being ground and sold as fertilizer meal. The average fat content on the five samples was 25.63 per cent, while ordinary cottonseed meal tests about 7 per cent. It is not improbable that the continued use of such meal in large acre appli- cations v/ould result in a toxic effect to vegetation and its purchase as a fertilizer is not advised. It cannot be an economical proposition to ship such a low grade product to New England points: such a product should be used locally, near the source of production, and only the higher protein meals should be sent north. Dark colored meal is suitable for fertilizer, provided the oil has been taken out, and such meal is quoted considerably under the bright product. In the above table each analysis represents a carload. Proper rebates were paid for deficiencies. Phosphoric Acid Compounds. The following analyses represent those products valued chiefly for their phos- phoric acid. Although the table gives only available and total phosphoric acid in order to conserve space, tests were also made for moisture, water soluble and citrate insoluble phosphoric acid. The latter may be easily calculated, as it repre- sents the difference between the total and available. 29 Phosphoric Acid Compounds. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Manufacturer. Brand. Number of Samples. American Agricultural Chemical Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Beach Soap Co. . Berkshire Fertilizer Co. E. D. Chittenden Co. . Consolidated Rendering Co. . Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Thomas Hersom & Co. A. W. Higgins, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. King Chemical Co. Maine Farmers Exchange Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. United States Guano Co. C. P. Washburn Co. . Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . Wm. P. Young & Son . 16% Acid Phosphate Liberty Acid Phosphate Precipitated Bone Big Crop 16% Acid Phos- phate . Big Crop 20% Superphos- phate . Beach's Acid Phosphate Berkshire Acid Phosphate Chittenden's 16% Acid Phosphate High Grade Acid Phosphate Eastern States Acid Phos- phate . Acid Phosphate Old Deerfield Acid Phos- phate . I. A. C. 16% Acid Phos phate . King Acid Phosphate F. E. 16% Acid Phosphate Harvest Brand 16% Acid Phosphate Royster's 16% Acid Phos- phate . Swift-Sure Acid Phosphate Standard United States Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate 16% Acid Phosphate Total Phos- phoric Acid. 17.63 18.22 39.14 17.27 20.44 17.99 18.06 17.60 18.40 18.06 17.58 18.69 17.41 17.58 16.76 17.78 17.42 18.45 17.05 18.16 18.62 19.16 Available Phosphoric Acid. Found. 17.02 16.71 38.40 16.68 19.74 16.37 17.37 16.53 17.13 17.14 16.72 17.18 16.82 17.17 16.38 16.40 16.20 16.87 16.32 17.22 17.68 17.09 Guaran- teed. 16.00 16.00 36.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 17.00 16.00 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Rogers & Hubbard Co. Acid Phosphate 16.15 15.16 16.00 1 Two analyses made. 2 Sampled at Haydenville. Commercial valuation, $18.59. Commercial shortage, $1.01 per ton. Potash Compounds. The foUowing table records the composition of those chemicals valued chiefly for their potash. 30 Muriate and High Grade Sulfate. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guail^.ntees. Muriate of Potash. High Grade Sulpatb of Potash. Manufactdreb. Number of Samples. POTASH. Number of Samples. POTASH. Chlorine. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co Armour Fertilizer Works Beach SoBD Co. . Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Thomas Hersom & Co. A. W. Higgine, Inc. International Agricultural Corp. Maine Farmers Exchange Middlesex County Farm Bureau Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. M. L. Shoemaker & Co. United States Guano Co. C. P. Washburn Co. . Wm. P. Young & Son . 5> 4 1 2 32 10 1 3 1 2 2 13 2 1 2 5 50.53 49.60 51.28 50.60 50.85 48.92 50.68 52.68 49.36 52.40 49.44 49.72 50.16 50.56 50.08 50.36 60.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 48.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 48.84 48.00 48.80 50.44 50.16 49.20 51.04 50.92 48.04 48.64 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 .96 2.44 2.37 2.59 2.20 2.58 1.76 .49 2.57 2.44 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange F. S. Royster Guano Co. 2* 15 46.96 46.88 50.00 48.00 - - - • Two analyses made. 2 Five analyses made. Two were found deficient commercially over $1 per ton. 3 Two analyses made. One was found deficient commercially over $1 per ton. * One sample collected at Millington had a commercial valuation of $39.51 and a commercial shortage of $2.99 i)er ton. Another sample ciilk^cted at Amherst had a commerGial valuation of $40.32 and a com- mercial shortage of $2.18 per ton. ' Sampled at Westminster Depot. Commercial valuation, $39.00. Commercial shortage, $1.80 per ton. The chlorine content of high grade sulfate of potash is less than for 1925 when six brands showed over 2.5 per cent and five of them showed over 3.5 per cent, with an average of 2.69 per cent for eleven brands. In 1926 only three brands showed in excess of 2.5 per cent, the highest being 2.59 per cent, and the average of ten brands showing only 2.04 per cent. 31 Raw Products Supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. Dry Ground Fish. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works . Berkshire Fertilizer Co. E. D. Chittenden Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange A. W. Higgins, Inc. . International Agricultural Corp. Maine Farmers Exchange . Olds & Whipple, Inc. F. S. Royster Guano Co. . Springfield Rendering Co. { 3 1 3 5 3 1 2 8.25 8.31 9,23 8.38 8.31 9.13 9.01 9.36 9.66 8.64 8.28 7.83 8.96 8.23 8.20 8.22 8.22 8.22 8.23 9.03 8.22 9.84 8.22 8.23 8.22 9.02 7.81 7.19 7.27 0.35 6.02 7.55 6.84 7.17 6.91 6.74 6.56 6.22 7.30 6.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 6.90 5.00 3.70 3.70 2.00 5.00 3.50 7.00 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Rogers & Hubbard Co. Springfield Rendering Co. Wilcox Fertilizer Co. 2' 1 = 13 8.86 8.82 8.54 9.45 9.02 9.04 8.78 7.17 6.74 7.50 7.00 6.00 ' Two analyses. One sample taken at Sunderland had a commercial valuation of $69.05 and a com^ mercial shortage of $2.71 ; another sample taken at Hadley had a commercial valuation of $69.00 and a commercial shortage of $2.76 per ton. 2 Sampled at Agawam. Commercial valuation, $67.15. Commercial shortage, $1.19 per ton. ' Sampled at Fall River. Commercial valuation, $64.81. Commercial shortage, $2.66 per ton. Ground Bone and Tankage. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Degree op Number Fineness. Manufacturer. Brand. of Grade. Finer Coarser Samples. than 'Ao Inch (Per Cent). than Vso Inch (Per Cent). American Agricultural / Special Ground Bone . 14' 2.50-22.80 72.38 27.62 Chemical Co. i Blood Tankage . 1 12.00- 5.49 31.51 68.49 Apothecaries Hall Co. . i' Liberty Bone Meal 1 4.00-20.00 64.74 35.26 Liberty Tankage 1 9.00- 3.00 76.70 23.30 Armour Fertilizer Works Big Crop Bone Meal 3 3.00-22.00 61.00 39.00 Beach Soap Co. Fertilizer Bone 3' 2.75-20.00 68.21 31.79 Berkshire Fertilizer Co. Fine Ground Bone 2 3.00-20.00 64.10 35.90 Butchers Rendering Co. < Ground Bone Ground Tankage 3' 1 3.00-20.00 5.00-14.00 74.60 63 . 59 25.40 36.41 Ground Bone 7 3 . 00-22 . 90 60.28 39.72 Consolidated Rendering Co. i Ground Bone Tankage 2 2 3.00-24.00 6.00-14.00 65.28 50.87 34.72 49.13 [ Tankage 2 9.00- 9.15 55.22 44.78 Jacob Dold Packing Co. Bone Meal . 1 3.00-20.00 58.84 41.16 John C. Dow Co. . . | Pure Ground Bone Special Tankage . 15 1 2.4.3-24.00 7.00- 8.24 79.00 83.87 21.00 16.13 Eastern States Farmers' / Fine Bono Meal , 3' 3.00-23.00 62.64 37.36 Exchange . . \ Ground Animal Tankage 2 11.00- 4.00 61.46 38.54 Pure Bone Meal . 1 2.43-24.00 86.53 13.47 Thomas Hersom & Co. . •) Meat and Bone . 1 4.80-16.00 74.14 25.86 I Ground Tankage 8' 10.00- 4.58 49.83 50.17 ' Two analyses made. 32 Ground Bone and Tankage — Concluded. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees — Concluded. Degree op Number Fineness. Manufacturer. Brand. of Grade. Finer Coarser Samples. than Vso Inch (Per Cent). than VsD Inch (Per Cent). A. W. Higgins, Inc. Tankage 2 11.00- 5.00 38.84 61.16 International Agricultural / Bone Meal . 5 3.00-22.00 75.26 24.74 Corp. . . . \ Animal Tankage . 4» 6.00-11.00 53.55 46.45 Maine Farmers Exchange i F. E. Bone Meal . F. E. Ground Tankage 2 2 1 3.00-22.00 7.00- 4.50 62.52 50.61 37.48 49.39 Geo. E. Marsh Co. Fertilizer Bone 1 2.00-22.89 65.70 34.30 Middlesex County Farm Bureau Ground Animal Tankage 1 7.00- 8.24 40.33 59.67 New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co Bone Meal . 1 3.91-23.48 63.98 36.02 New England Rendering Co. . Ground Bone 2 3.00-22.90 71.43 28.57 Carroll S. Page, Inc. Raw Ground Bone 1 4.50-22.00 36.06 63.94 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Bone Meal . Pure Raw Knuckle Bone 2 3.00-22.00 61.03 38.97 Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Flour 4 4.00-24.70 92.07 7.93 Strictly Pure Fine Bone 3 4.00-20.50 62.60 37.40 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Fine Ground Bone Meal 2 3.00-22.90 74.88 25.12 M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. . Swift-Sure Bone Meal . 2 5.50-20.00 40.40 59.60 United States Guano Co. United States Ground Bone 2 3.00-22.00 39.65 60.35 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Ground Steamed Bone . 3 3.00-22.00 37.67 62.33 J. M. Woodard . Unground Tankage 1 5.47-18.00 22.75 77.25 > Two analyses made. 2 This product was not a bona fide animal tankage. Under the magnifying glass it was possible to identify horn and hoof meal and clippings from casein buttons of various colors. Chemical analysis showed the nitrogen to be of satisfactory quality and nearly 2 per cent above the guarantee. The phos- phoric acid was fully up to the guarantee, but instead of about 50 per cent of it being soluble in neutral citrate of ammonia, as shown by analyses made at this laboratory of over three hundred samples of animal tankage, only about 17 per cent was found soluble, indicating an admixture of unacidified phosphate rock. Further indication of the presence of raw mineral phosphate was shown by finding 1.50 per cent of iron and alumina oxides and 2.17 per cent more of calcium oxide than was required to produce the bone phos- phate of lime present as shown by the phosphoric acid test. Animal bone contains but mere traces of iron and alumina and but little excess of calcium oxide unless the bones have been exposed to the weather for many years, resulting in their partial decomposition. The company was notified that no further sales of the product under the name of ground taiLkage would be allowed in Massachusetts. Wood Ashes. Manufacturer and Brand. Number of Analyses. Moisture. Phosphoric Acid. Water Soluble Potash. Insoluble Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Matter. B. & J. Farquhar Co. Hardwood Ashes . Jolm Joynt Co. Unleached Hardwood Ashes: Sold on the unit basis Sold on the ton basis . 3 3 4 10.18 13.38 17.47 2.04 2.13 1.47 1.75 1.00 1.00 5.27 5.73 2.59 4.00 3.00 2.00 13.66 9.31 12.33 Note. — The average acid soluble potash, usually designated as total potash, in the ten samples was 6.58 per cent. Average wood ashes have about 31 per cent of calcium oxide and 3 per cent magnesium oxide, both largely in form of carbonate and, therefore, capable of neutralizing soil acidity. The lime and magnesia in a ton of wood ashes is worth about $5.00. 33 Pulverized Animal Manures. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Number of Samples. Total Nitrogen. Total Phos- phoric Acid. Total Potash. Manufacturer and Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure . 3 1.86 1.44 .77 .75 2.23 2.00 Armour Fertilizer Works Sheep Manure .... 7" 1.41 1.23 1.43 1.00 3.09 2.00 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Ram's Head Brand Sheep Manure Ram's Head Brand Sheep Manure (1921 stock) .... 92 1 1.74 1.75 1.46 1.84 .75 1.33 .75 1.25 3.07 3.28 3.00 3.00 E. & J. Farquhar Co. Sheep Manure . 2 1.00 .90 1.00 .72 1.51 1.00 Natural Guano Co. Sheep's Head Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 12 2.30 2.25 1.58 1.25 2.60 2.00 Premier Poultry Manure Co. Premier Poultry Manure Premier Sheep Manure 8 13 5.50 1.96 4.93 2.00 2.50 .66 2.75 1.25 1.36 2.70 1.30 2.00 Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co. Groz-It Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 6 1.57 1.50 .89 1.25 3.57 3.00 Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Brand Sheep Manure Wizard Brand Cattle Manure 4 2 2.05 1.91 2.00 1.80 1.91 1.40 1.25 1.00 2.85 2.31 2.00 1.00 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sheep Manure .... 1 1.99 1.65 1.30 1.00 1.92 2.00 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Premier Poultry Manure Co. Premier Brand Sheep Manure Apothecaries Hall Co. Sheep Manure . 6* 1.72 2.00 .85 1.25 2.29 15 1.55 2.00 1.10 1.50 2.64 2.00 2.00 ' Three analyses made. - Two analyses made. 3 Six other samples showed a commercial shortage of f 1 or more per ton. * Results given are the average of six analyses. Commercial valuations and commercial shortages of the six samples are as follows: $11.04, $1.96; $11.49, $1.51; $11.37, $1.63; $11.44, $1.56; $11.96, $1.04; $11.4.^, $1.55. Proper rebates were allowed. One other sample substantially complied with guarantee. ' Apothecaries Hall Co. claim that this product and the only sheep manure handled by them during the season was Groz-It Brand Sheep Manure, put out by the Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., and by mistake was shipped under the tags of the Apothecaries Hall Co. The guarantee printed on the tags was higher than is given on the tags of the Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., and had the product been shipped under the tags of the latter company, the analysis would have substantially complied with the guarantee. 34 DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS REGARDING FERTILIZERS. A committee appointed by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, and known as the Committee on Definition of Terms and Interpretation of Results on Fertilizers, have in their annual report to the Association formulated certain definitions and interpretations that will have an important bearing on and be of great assistance to the fertilizer control service of the countr}\ It is felt that the fertilizer consuming public, as well as the fertilizer manufacturers, should be familiar with these definitions and interpretations. The following definitions and interpretations have been adopted as official by vote of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Basic Phosphate Slag. Basic phosphate slag is a by-product in the manufacture of steel from phos- phatic iron ores. The product shall be finely ground and shall contain no admix- ture of materials other than what results in the original process of manufacture. It shall contain not less than twelve per cent (12%) of total phosphoric acid (P2O5), not less tlian eighty per cent (80%) of which shall be soluble in two per cent (2%) citric acid solution according to the Wagner method of analysis. Any other phos- phate slag not conforming to this definition shall be designated low grade. Interpretation of the Word " Lime " as Applied to Fertilizers. The term lime shall not be used in the registration, labelling, or guaranteeing of fertihzers or fertihzing materials, unless the lime is in a form to neutralize soil acidity, such as the oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate, or equivalent magnesia com- pounds. Dried Pulverized or Shredded Manures. Dried pulverized or shredded manures shall be only what the name indi- cates, and not mixtures of manures and other materials. Manure Salts. Manure salts shall be understood to mean potash salts containing high per- centases of chloride and from twenty per cent (20%) to thirty per cent (30%) of potash (K2O). The term double manure salts should be discontinued. Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia. Sulfate of potash-magnesia is a potash salt containing not less than twenty- five per cent (25%) of potash (K2O), nor less than twenty-five per cent (25%) of sulfate of magnesia, and not more than two and five-tenths per cent (2.5%) of chlorine. Fertilizer Formula. The term fertilizer formula shall be interpreted as expressing the quantity and grade of the crude stock materials used in making a fertihzer mixture. For example: 800 pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate, 800 pounds of 9-20 tankage, and 400 pounds of sulfate of potash-magnesia. Analysis. The word analysis, as applied to fertilizers, shall designate the percentage composition of the product expressed in terms of nitrogen or ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash in their various forms. 35 Brand and Brand Name. A brand is a term, design, or trade mark used in connection with one or several grades of fertilizers. A brand name is a specific designation applied to an individual fertilizer. Unit. A unit of plant food is twenty (20) pounds, or one per cent (1%) of a ton. Leached Wood Ashes. Leached wood ashes are defined as ashes resulting from burning unleached wood, but as having had part of their plant food removed by artificial means or by exposure to rains, snows, or other solvent. Ashes from Leached Wood. Ashes from leached wood are defined as unleached ashes resulting from burning wood that has been exposed to or digested in water or other liquid solvents, as in the extraction of dyes, so that a part of the plant food has been dissolved and removed. Dissolved Bone. Dissolved bone is defined as a ground bone or bone meal that has been treated with sulfuric acid. Form of Nitrogen in Cyanamide. The nitrogen in calcium cyanamide shall be considered as being of organic nature. 36 VEGETATION POT EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE NITROGEN AVAILABILITY. There are from time to time new processed organic ammoniates coming into the fertilizer market which naturally gravitate into the complete mixed fertilizers. As most of these products were originally low-grade organic materials unfit for use in high-grade mixed fertihzers until properly processed, it seems desirable that vegetation tests should be made in order to show the comparative nitrogen availabiUty of the finished products. Tests were made during the past season on two products examined in 1925, Rehmsdorf Tankage and Pulverized Poultry Manure, the experiment being extended to include four other materials, namely, Ammoniate A, Ammoniate B, HjTiite Tankage, and a mixture of Horn and Hoof Meal. Description of the Products. The Rehmsdorf Tankage and Pulverized Poultry Manure were described in Control Bulletin 33, 1925, page 13. Ammoniate A and Ammoniate B are manufactured by the Fertilizer By-Products Co., Norfolk, Va. These materials are said to be specially processed leather prod- ucts without the use of acid and without carbonization. Ammoniate B is the very fine product separated by air blasts and collected in dust chambers. Hynite Tankage is made by the United FertiUzer Co., Milwaukee, Wis. It is said to be a nitrogenous tanJcage made from hide clippings, wool, fur, glue hair, hoofs and unground tankage, by a special digestion process, the product being finally dried and ground. Horn and Hoof Meal is a product resulting from processing horns and hoofs, and finely ground. Formerly, hoof meal was quoted unmixed with horn; more recently the horn and hoof meal is quoted as a mixture of the two products, as they are similar in composition and in their nitrogen activity. Plan of Experiment. The vegetation experiment conducted on these products was similar to the general methods described on page 11, Control Bulletin 25, varied in detail to suit the needs of this investigation. The soil used was from the same source and had the same admixture of sand as was there described. It was planned to use Japanese millet as the crop to be grown. The seed proved to be Japanese barn- yard millet, and produced plants not so well suited for the experiment as the regular Japanese millet. The appearance of the young plants did not permit of the discovery of the mistake until the formation of the heads, when it was too late to plant new seed. The tabulated results include both yields of dry matter and nitrogen recovered in the above-ground parts of the plant. 37 a ei bo u o o o OB o > 43 o Z Q w « o S o » « K "^« ^ H « B w 2 H ^ H «! «§ a > c3 lO 1^ ^ (M IM O 05 M i-H U5 IN 0> Oi 00 02050500000005 05050500000005 05 00 O5O0CCXC5 TjH Tt !0 C^ 00 -^ t^ Tf -^ CO (N C^ >0 ^H 05 CO CC fH i-t O 05 CO»Ot^00CO»CO5 0»Ot>->00»CO'^COOTj<(M05>0 t^ t^ t^ TtH •<)< CO t~ t-t~t~'}<'*«O00f^M'O"*Tt-iMe0'O05 005MOC>)CD05 O-H T)o iM (N ■* CO 00 ro ■«}( c^ e< wo © 0 oj^ bD a> t4 CO '" o >■ 5 U^ 8 2 p 'S'S 3 C3^»4 i: o » n O CM j3 a; o! a-ag a >>o o o 55 .a.a QQ -J c3 <^ o ''^ o « B 1^ o : « cffi'i a >>>^ C<1(M to CO CO t^ eO 05 >C ?^ •* 00 O t^ ^ O •>!< --I t^ 00 -< CO INIOOCOM — CD O (N mO 1-1 00 CO — ■-I CO M f 05 05 05 oj oj CO -g" — CO 00 e 00 «o CO 00 o 05 lo CO t^ •-irt (MC0ININOO'-iHt-ioOOO'-i OC'l'COOOCOt^O t~COCOOOOT}. 05 ^ TjnOrtooosN^^ooo'O'nc^oO'O CO CO Til lO CO CO T»i (N CO 1-1 >0 O "-I O —I C^ O '-I CO 00 05 CO .-<-Hi-i .HCl CO CO CO IM 1-1 -< (M CO IN 1-1 1-1 1-1 o»2^ aj « cM ■ 'S^S o 'S'S^-o " -E o-o a a ^.o T3 "O T3 T3 "^ 73 T^ aj o a> cj c^ a) 15 j= -c ^ ja -a j3 ja ca ej 03 03 03 03 93 .flCCflC3C3C cddacjflag-ogig'^MMMMc.iaaacJcja u oj Oi a; oj oj o rp--^ 9??????aja5a'a5aja5a5 MMtiCMCiflMM5Fc^i;r;iSi^-Z:-L:ii bCMtOtiflMMUj OOOOOOOC 03 .^.-'-'^-----a o o o o o o o a a a a a n a •a'ac"a'a'5'cC'S-i-2-^^-£-^^-c'ca'a'a"c"a aaasssae ^-o 00000000000130 S 6 o g 0!(5 o.-i So 0 T! M n 0 a J3 a 0) T3 a 0 ri J3 ^ S 0 0 dc **-i 0 5 fl &c a a -•a .§■3 ►3P 38 Conclusions Drawn from the Experiment. 1. Pulverized Poultry Manure. (o) The activity of the total nitrogen was almost equal to that of the dried blood by both the alkaline and neutral permanganate methods, ^^^lere the smaller amount of nitrogen was used, the yield of dry matter was almost equal to that of dried blood. Where double the amount of nitrogen was used, the j'^ield of dry matter was not as favorable, showing an availabihtj^ of about 68 per cent, as compared \vith. dried blood at 80. (6) On the basis of nitrogen recovered, it showed an availability of 82.60 per cent with the smaller, and about 60 per cent with the larger nitrogen apphcation, as compared with dried blood at 80. (c) In the studies with the water insoluble nitrogen (the washed product), the alkaline method classed the insoluble nitrogen as inferior (below 50), while the neutral method passed it as satisfactory (above 80). The actual availability of the water insoluble nitrogen on the basis of yield of dry matter was about 38 per cent, and on the basis of nitrogen recovered, about 45 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 80. (d) The experiment confirms our findings of the previous year with reference to the low availability of the water insoluble nitrogen, which amounts to about 39 per cent of the total nitrogen carried by the product. In this instance the nitrogen availabilities closely paralleled the nitrogen activity' secured on the water insoluble nitrogen by the alkaline method. 2. Rehmsdorf Tankage. (o) The acti\'ity of the total nitrogen by the alkaline and neutral methods compared favorably with that for dried blood. The actual availability of the total nitrogen by the vegetation test on the basis of dry matter yields was about 67 per cent where the smaller amount was used, and about 56 per cent where the larger quantity was used, as compared with dried blood at 80. (b) On the basis of nitrogen recovered, it showed an availability of aJDOut 79 per cent with the smaller, and about 53 per cent with the larger nitrogen apphca- tion, as compared with dried blood at 80. (c) Although both laboratory methods passed the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen as satisfactory, the actual availability of this part of the nitrogen on the basis of both the dry matter jaeld and nitrogen recovered was about 41 per cent, as compared wath dried blood at 80. This confirms the results secured in 1925 as to the availability of the water insoluble nitrogen which the product carries. 3. Ammoniate A and Ammoniate B. (a) The activity of the total nitrogen on both products by the alkaline method classed them as inferior. The activity by the neutral method was above 85 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 98. The availability of the total nitrogen by the vegetation test on the basis of dry matter yields was about 28 and 32 per cent, respectively, for Ammoniate A and Ammoniate B with the smaller, and about 24 and 25 per cent with the larger nitrogen application, as compared with dried blood at 80. (6) On the basis of nitrogen recovered, about the same availabilities were noted, namely, 29 and 37 per cent with the smaller, and 19 and 20 per cent with the larger application. (c) The two products carried but a fraction of one per cent of water soluble nitrogen, which accounts for the close agreement of results secured with the water insoluble nitrogen as compared with those results secured with the total nitrogen. (d) All of the vegetation tests classed the nitrogen carried by the two products as inferior, with Ammoniate B somewhat the better grade. 39 4. Hynite Tankage. (a) Both of the laboratory methods graded the nitrogen in this product as of passing quahty. The total nitrogen availability by the vegetation test, on the basis both of yield of dry matter and of recovery of nitrogen, where the smaller amount was used, averaged as good as for dried blood. Where the larger amount was used, on the basis of dry matter yield, it gave an availability of about 45 per cent; on the basis of nitrogen recovered, it showed an availability of about 39 per cent. (6) On the water insoluble nitrogen the laboratory methods gave satisfactory nitrogen activities. The vegetation test showed low availabilities, about 35 per cent being recorded on basis of both dry matter yield and nitrogen recovered, as compared with blood at 80. (c) The conflicting results secured on total nitrogen availabihty by the smaller and larger nitrogen applications still leave the question undecided. The uniform low results secured on the water insoluble nitrogen class it as being of inferior quality. 6. Horn and Hoof Meal. Both laboratory methods and vegetation tests class the nitrogen in this product as of good quality, although the water insoluble nitrogen was of somewhat lower grade than that found in dried blood. It is hoped that further availability data may be secured on these products in 1927. 40 DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILIZERS FOR SALE IN THE STATE IN 1926. The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Chemical Specialties Co., Springfield, N. J. American Cyanamid Co., 511 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Soda Products Co., 322 Chestnut St., Moorestown, N. J. Apothecaries Hall Co., 14-24 Benedict St., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 50 Broad St., New York, N. Y. The Baker Castor Oil Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Barrie Laboratories, Inc., 110 High St., Boston, Mass. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. The Berkshire Fertilizer Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., 390-2 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 85 State St., Boston, Mass. F. W. Erode Corp., 119 Madison Ave., Memphis, Tenn. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. The E. D. Chittenden Co., 1115 Main St., Bridgeport, Conn. Clay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, England. Conestoga By-Products Co., Lancaster, Pa., successors to F. & I. Tobacco Products Co. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent, Ohio. Jacob Dold Packing Co., Buffalo, N. Y. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp., Long Island City, N. Y. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213-215 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex County Cooperative Farming Assn., Topsfield, Mass. Essex Fertilizer Co., 39 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. The Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, 111. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 and 9 S. Market St., Boston, Mass. The L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. Thomas Hersom & Co., 11 Commercial St., New Bedford, Mass. A. W. Higgins, Inc., South Deerfield, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. International Agricultural Corp., 126 State St., Boston, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Somerville, Mass. John Joynt Co., Lucknow, Ontario, Can. King Chemical Co., Bound Brook, N. J. Kuttroff, Pickhardt & Co., Inc., 128 Duane St., New York, N. Y. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Mame Farmers Exchange, 801 Chapman Bldg., Portland, Me. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 270 Madison Ave., New^York, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. The Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., East Lynn, Mass. The McCallum Co., 1.33 7th St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Daniel J. McCarthy, 24 Anderson St., Marblehead, Mass. Merrmiac Chemical Co., 148 State St., Boston, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 740 Main St., Waltham, Mass. Mitchell Fertilizer Co., 26 S. Water St., Pro\'idence, R. I. Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40A N. Market St., Boston, Ma.ss. New England Rendering Co., Brighton, Mass. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Oyama Products Co., Fostertown Rd., Newburgh, N. Y. Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. Carroll S. Page, Inc., Hyde Park, Vt. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co., 41 N. Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Rear 654 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Plant Marvel Laboratories, 112 S. Washington St., Peoria, 111. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. The Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. The Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Ross Brothers Co., Worcester, Mass. N. Roy & Son Estate, S. Attleboro, Mass. F. S. Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. C. & R. Sales Co., Box 835, Worcester, Mass. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc., 3600 N. Delaware Ave., Philadelphia,-Pa. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. The Stadler Products Co., 90S Denison Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Henry J. Taiibert, 18 Brooks St., Brighton, Mass. Terride Specialty Co., 104 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. William Thomson & Sons Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland. Triton Oil & Fertilizer Co., 101 Beekman St., New York, N. Y. United States Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Victory Fertilizer Co., 54 North St., Boston, Mass. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. (of Delaware), 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Wessel, Duval & Co., 25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. The Wilcox Fertilizer Co., 56 W. Main St., Mystic, Conn. E. L. Winn, Inc., 355 Jersey Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. J. M. Woodard, Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Wm. P. Young & Son, 22 & 24 High St., Pottstown, Pa. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 38 DECEMBER, 1926 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION THE AMhERST, MASS. / INSPECTION OF LIME PRODUaS USED IN AGRICULTURE By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and M. W. Goodwin The crop-growing possibilities of a soil depend in no small degree upon the presence in the soil of an abundant supply of active lime. Most Massachusetts soils are low in lime, so low that the use of lime has become an established part of good farm practice. The information contained in this bulletin, on the composition and cost of commercial limes, is therefore of great importance to Massachusetts farmers. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 3,000 12-'26 Order 7577. INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1926 BY H. D. HASKINS, OFFICIAL CHEMIST, ASSISTED BY L. S. WALKER AND M. W. GOODWIN MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS For 1926, 23 firms or individuals registered 26 different brands of agricultural lime and two brands of land plaster or gypsum. The general nature of the prod- ucts registered is as follows: Hydrated or slaked lime 14 Lime ashes 1 Precipitated Hme 1 Ground limestone 9 Ground shell Ume 1 26 Gypsum or land plaster 2 With the following exceptions, all of the registered products have been sampled and analyzed. Products Not Sampled Edward Bryant Co., Boston, Mass., Tolman Land Lime. New England Lime Co., Pittsfield, Mass., Connecticut Agricultural Lime. Vermarco Lime Co., West Rutland, Vt., Vermarco Agricultural Lime. HYDRATED OR SLAKED, PRECIPITATED AND AIR-SLAKED LIMES AND LIME ASHES Reference to Table I shows that the guarantees on these products have been well maintained in all cases, and in many instances the calcium and magnesium oxides found have very much exceeded the minimum guarantee. This is no doubt due to the fact that many of the products vary in composition on account of the chemical absorption of carbonic acid from the air. This increases the weight of the package but lowers the percentage of calcium and magnesium present. For this reason the guarantees of these two elements are usually placed sufficiently low to take care of any resulting variations. It is believed that greater care is used in the preparation of Ume products used as soil amendments than was apparent a few years ago. None of the hydrated or slaked limes analyzed during the season showed an excess of moisture, and many of them showed that in the hydrating process the addition of water had been cut down to produce as concentrated a product as possible and yet one that would not burn or produce unpleasant effect on application. GROUND LIMESTONE AND GROUND SHELL LIME With one exception, the combined oxides of calcium and magnesium in the ground limestones fully equal the minimum guarantee, although in one instance the magnesium is found slightly deficient and in another case a deficiency in cal- cium is noted. Since in both cases the other ingredient is found in excess, the neutralizing power of the product is not impaired. The Monarque brand of ground limestone, put out by Clifford L. Miller of West Stockbridge, was found deficient in calcium oxide 7.97 per cent and showed an overrun in magnesium oxide of only 1.85 per cent, thereby showing an actual deficiency of 6.12 per cent. There was an unusually large amount of insoluble silica present (15.87 per cent), indicating that the original limestone was low grade. The ground oyster shell lime put out by the Producers Sales Co. of South Norwalk, Ct., showed a deficiency of 2.60 per cent of calcium oxide. An overrun of only .52 per cent of magnesium oxide left an actual deficiency of over 2 per cent. This product also showed a very high content of sand (17.60 per cent), which accounts for the low lime content noted. The following chart shows the degree of fineness of the ground limestone and ground shell lime put out by the various companies. The coarse is that portion which is caught by a sieve having 40 meshes to the inch; ihQJine, that which passes a 40-mesh, but is caught by an 80-mesh sieve; and the very fine, that which passes an 80-mesla sieve. Chart Showing Relative Fineness or Ground Limestone from Various Sources Coarse y.-Mp} Fi ne Vcru Fine New Eng land Li me Co ;*; Summit Limestone Products Co ^ ■ • I • « • Donald U Smith '*'*'' '■■''* HoosQc Mq rble Co Clifford L Miller ^-^^W^ t^f^' Grangers Monu- f act u ri n^ Co [t;'}::/-^'\:::l^:.^/;:-}-^^ Con necticut A^sto ne Co., )nc \^!'j>M:^y/.\ii 4< _■! Powna I Li me Co Bre we r L. Co Producers 5ale«Co THE PURCHASE OF AGRICULTURAL LIME The principal factors which enter into the purchase of lime for agricultural purposes are: composition, i.e., the effective oxides per ton of product; ton cost f. o. b. plant; freight charge to destination and cartage cost from railroad station to farm. An example in estimating the most economical purchase from two given products may not be out of place. Two Ume products of different character were selected, both sold by Brewer & Co. of Worcester, with the plant located at Winooski, Vt. The farm was assumed to be two and one-half miles from the railroad station at Amherst. The price per ton of the two products was obtained from the company; the freight charge from the local freight agent; the pounds of effective oxides per ton of product were taken from Tables I and II; and the cost of cartage was assumed to be 50 cents per ton for the first mile and 30 cents per ton for each additional mile. Producto Agricultural Lime. Ground Limestone. Cash cost per ton at plant ...... Freight charge ........ Cartage cost (2| miles) ....... lotal cost per ton at the farm . . . . . Pounds of effective oxides per ton ..... Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides delivered at the farm . S.5 . 25 4.80 .95 $11.00 1,351 81.4 cents $4.25 4.80 .95 $10.00 1,079 92 . 6 cents These calculations show that the hydrated product is the more economical to buy, as 100 pounds of effective oxides cost 11.2 cents less when purchased in this form. Prospective lime buyers are urged to secure quotations from several sources, selecting those products where the locahty of the plant promises the most favor- able freight rates. Freight rates from any shipping point will be furnished by the local freight agent. EXPLANATION OF TABLES OF ANALYSES In Table I, the column headed "Proportion of total oxides as carbonates" shows not only the extent to which the lime and magnesium have absorbed car- bonic acid from the air in the effort to revert back to the original form when taken from the quarry, but may also show the presence of imperfectly burned lime, known as core, which is sometimes ground and made a part of the so-called agricultural lime. Lime or magnesium not in the form of carbonate is present either in the form of burned (caustic) lime or as hydrate (water-slaked lime). The column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" gives the calculated amount of lime and magnesium contained in one ton of the product, the assump- tion being that all of the lime and magnesium from this source will become avail- able during a period of five years. The calculations found in the column headed "Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides in car lots f. o. b. plant" are based on prices furnished by the producers. In Table II, the data contained in the column headed "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" are calculated as in Table I, except that the degree of fineness to which the limestone has been ground is taken into consideration as follows: it is assumed that the lime and magnesium contained in that portion of the prod- uct which will pass through a 20-mesh sieve will become available within a five- year period, and what are contained in that portion which fails to pass through the 20-mesh sieve will be only 50 per cent effective during the same period. In both tables the figures in parenthesis following the brand name show the number of samples collected and inspected. Table I. — Hydrated or Slaked, Precipitated and Air-Slaked Limes and Lime Ashes Calcium Oxide (CaO). Magnesium Oxide (MgO). 1^ )und8 of Ef- des. Basis o.b. Plant, with B/L. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. la (2 0 on Found. Guar- anteed. Found. Guar- anteed. Berkshire Hills Co., Gt. Barrington, Mass. Agricultural Lime (1) . 61.00 55.00 7.85 5.00 1/3 1,377 SO. 36 Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Producto Agricultural Lime (1) 64.16 60.00 3.40 1.00 1/7 1,351 .41 Cheshire Lime Manufacturing Co., Cheshire, Mass. Cheshire Agricultural Lime (1) 63.86 58.00 3.94 .60 1/5 1,356 .39 Connecticut Agricultural Lime Co., New Haven, Ct. Tobey High Calcium Agricultural Lime (1) Canaan Agricultural Lime (1) Lee Hydrated Agricultural Lime (1) 69.08 48.13 47.02 66.00 45.00 46.00 1.51 27.80 33.39 1.00 26.00 32.00 1/50 1/10 1/20 1,412 1,519 1.608 .46 .43 .53 Famam Cheshire Lime Co., Farnams, Mass. Agricultural Lime (1925 stock) (1) . Agricultural Lime (1) . 66.52 65.18 60.00 60.00 1.45 1.38 .50 .50 3/7 1/2 1,359 1.331 .40 .41 Hampton Co., Easthampton, Mass. Precipitated Lime (1) . 47.01 48.00 1.58 .50 7/10 972 .69 Burton E. Harris, K. F. D., Saylesville, R.I. Slaked Lime (2) 50.22 50.00 23.89 18.00 1/14 1.482 .78 Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Adams Agricultural Lime (1) . Adams Lime Ashes (2) 2 59.46 53.70 58.00 50.00 1.39 1.11 .50 .50 1/2 1,217 1,096 .47 .52 Lee Lime Co., Lee, Mass. Agricultural Hydrated Lime (1) 47.66 45.00 29.58 29.00 1/20 1,545 .55 Bockland & Kockport Lime Corp., 41 Milk St., Boston, Mass. (Plant at Bockland, Me.) R-R Land Lime (12) . 61.97 60.00 5.59 .50 1/4 1.351 .47 1 The remainder is either hydrated or caustic lime. 2 Two analyses made. They tested .41 and .29 per cent K2O, respectively. 6 Table II. — Ground Raw Limestone and Ground Shell Lime Name op Manufacturer AND Brand. Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Champlain Valley Pulverized Limestone (1) Connecticut Agstone Co., Dan- bury, Ct. Phoenix Brand Agstone (1) Grangers Manufacturing Co., West Stockbridge, Mass. Agricultural Limestone (6) Hoosac Marble Co., North Adams, Mass. Marble Flour (1) . Clifford L. Miller, West Stock- bridge, Mass. Monarque Brand Agricultural Limestone (1) . . . New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Ground Limestone (1) Pownal Lime Co., Pownal, Vt. Pownal Agricultural Limestone (11) Producers Sales Co., South Nor- walk, Ct. Sealshipt Ground Oyster Shell Lime (1) .... Donald XT. Smith, Ashley Falls, Mass. Ashley White Agricultural Lime- stone (1) . . . . Summit Limestone Products Co., Pittsfleld, Mass. Summit Brand Agricultural Lime- stone (1) Calcium Oxide (CaO). Found. 50.42 42.85 42.01 53.38 28.90 52.16 48.60 42.40 31.78 51.07 Guar- anteed. 48.00 45.00 35.00 52.00 36.87 44.83 47.00 45.00 30.00 50.00 Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Found. 4.69 6.23 7.95 1.75 1.80 5.24 1.27 20.40 1.30 Guar- anteed, 5.00 3.00 5.00 13.72 3.00 .75 5.00 1.00 Carbonates OF Lime .ind Magnesia. Found. 99.78 89.50 91.60 98.92 84.13 96.84 97.69 78.32 99.37 93.85 Guar- anteed. 93.00 90.00 90.00 96.00 94.48 80.00 94.00 82.00 95.00 85.00 1,079 981 996 1,103 885 1,079 1,075 873 1,044 1,047 5 S ■ . o. O X o! S $0.39 .41 .40 .39 .44 .42 .51 .57 .46 .38 Table III. — Gypsum or Land Plaster. ^ Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcium Sulfate (CaSOi). Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO.,) Found. Name of Manufacturer and Br.vnd. Found. Guar- anteed. Found. Guar- anteed. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Fine Ground Nova Scotia Plaster . United States Gypsum Co., 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, 111. Ben Franklin Agricultural Gypsum 38.30 30.48 32.95 30.11 92.99 73.99 80.00 68.00 3.49 7.19 Gypsum does not neutralize sour soils. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN NO. 39 JULY, 1927 CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA 1926-1927 By HENRY VAN ROEKEL In this bulletin a brief report is presented on the control of bacillary white diarrhoea of poultry for the 1926-1927 testing season. A total of 127,327 birds was tested in this season as compared with 67,919 for the pre- vious season, 1925-1926. This large increase shows that more poultrymen are coming to realize the value of this test in the control and eradication cf bacillary white diarrhoea. Of the 249 flocks tested, 114 were found free from infection. Of the 127,327 birds tested, 4.03 per cent were infected. Requests for Inillelins should he addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. CONTROL OF BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHOEA 1926-1927 By Henry Van Roekel During tlie testing season ending Marcii 1, 1927, tiie Massaciuisetts Agricul- tural Experiment Station, tlirougii its Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Patliology, was able for tiie first time to test nearly all flocks before the breeding season. This was made possible by an increase in funds and in personnel, and by the fine cooperation of poultrymen m returning promptly the application cards submitted. The Massachusetts Association of Certified Poultry Breeders has done, in addition, very good work in helping to control and eradicate the disease. As a result, during the present season, more dis- ease-free breeding flocks were available for the benefit of those purchasing hatching eggs and day-old chicks than has heretofore been the case. Nature of the Infection Bacillary wiiite diarrhoea is an infectious disease which is very common among poultry in this country. The disease is caused by a micro-organism known as Salmonella puUoro. In the infected adult hen it may localize in the ovary and be transmitted tiirougii the egg yolk to the chick. The disease does its greatest damage among young chicks. Infected chicks which survive the disease may in turn become carriers, tiie organism localizing in some part of the body with an atRnity for the ovaries. Carriers of the organism may be de- tected l)y the macroscopic agglutination test of the blood. All birds reacting to the test should be culled out of the flock and disposed of immediately. The premises should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after the reactors have been removed. Service Rendered Under the Poultry Disease Elimination Law for the Season Ending July 31, 1927 During the 1926-1927 testing season, 127,327 birds were tested by the macro- scopic ajiglutination test for bacillary white diarrhoea. Tables I and II show the progress that has Ijeen made in eliminating tiie disease in this State. This season 249 flocks were tested as compared with 2U1 last year. Of this number 105 flocks were tested for the first time as compared with 98 tested for the first time last year. This shows that a large numl)er of new flocks have been tested during the last two years. The number of birds representing the 105 new flocks, however, is much less in proportion than the number rep- resenting the previously tested flocks, as the table below shows. The flocks tested for the first time show a smaller percentage of infection. Some of these flocks represent poultrymen who have just started in the business and have obtained stock from clean flocks. The higher percentage of infection in the previously tested flocks can be accounted for by the fact that some flocks are not tested consecutively each year, thus giving the infection an opportunity to increase. The majority of the new flocks are very small in size, which may influence the percentage of infection. Table III shows this year's findings in flocks that were tested for the first time and in those that had been tested previously. ^ 'OOOOt^^^^'^CiCii^O ir: ^ 00C^OiS^-.«;"OGO~(J)9^ q o fe roooaotcicccicocox fs c ^ r- ■^^ N in co o 02 p:! 3 z >n S-t^cw;vt^(No-r^(N(N t^ "3 r^JO'X^t^C^PC^ — i—>0 (N — ff- ■* •- >o 0^ x_ t> e ir, .e "t 0 H ■*' r/-r e -e —' — ' ir; a t' — ' 5C t^' rs „ « w; « IN c "7 S l:-r-'-C:XC:C!030'-< rf. 0 g o- o cc ^ r^ CM ^ M 5 .— ^^ ^- d ■et S e u 3 ■o "0 C 3 0 b C 0 UJ CJ tj •X 0 c-i 0 c 0 0 ^ 0 c -t "2 0 ~ o 0 X 0 -*■ m 0 X ■•-; Q '2 ■73 C >, .-H IN C-l ■* 0 W H ^ (U 71 c 73 0 B 2 -c M ot^--r»oooc CO ~ es OJ ^ C2 >0 Tf ?1 X 0 02 ■* ? 05 ?J (S v^ u t-^ cc -H .-H x_ (N CO c: ®t t^ j^ •o 0 C8 0 cT u h S z OJ CO 0 ic » lo 0 0 o 0 ■ a r; M ■-<" cT ■2 !> o J X f " ■a TO m CM C^J CO C'l 0 0 X "O CJ C> CM X ^^ ? .— < T5< lO 0 '^ I"^ T-^ '^ X^ ^ CO "l '"' y^ _o (S TT LO" V ,-" LC 0" Cl' cJ i-Z «' fC Q ^ ,-. r-^ CS — a j: aJ >. . c o U •0 V «^ 3 .g ■ ■ = S S ^ ^ 1 S Z a. l-s 1" 40,269 10,612 40,303 19,922 12,585 2,307 1 ,048 281 1^ ^ -H ;C M 'H 9- ■■a o 1^ |5 rtXC^TfOOOliN O'^f cC CO "O .-<_ C^ (N ^ IN CO" Tf' ^' t^' CO IN TfOlC^OO^M-H IN IN (N Tf ^ 0 IN 3 03 z or^'-i'^coQ o o 02C^t^tCcOO3 t^ IN CO o_ to_ oq ic M '» "»< o rH x' r-" IN in i 1 u E 0 Z^ O ■* "t Tf O IN CJ -H 2 0 13 CO — 1== C O C^ X ^ X »0 ;w ^ "-* 'C X_ 0_ CO 05 CO ;D CO_ .-^ 02 'X' ■^ -." -.' o; x" oi co' •ot e E 8 z'^ XiCiOCOtCJCtOCM-^CO — CO -H IN C^ -H 2 > X CO IN 05 ll 3 aa Z C'O-l'Olt^f^Xt^cOiO-^ Ot~-.D.' -a-' ->' co" ^' •-' 0 r" E 8 1^ r^ IN X CO CO to ^ X -^ ■»< to O) .-< --H « CO 0 IN o 1^ TfCJiooooioc-) xxco — .-ii-HiNX'CC:^ iCtCCO .* lo r^_^ CO 'O o; ^ X --•_ o -.o r-i ^ iC T).' oi ^" T^ ^ 0 CO 00 1^ S 8 0 .!*< X t^ ■* C: C4 to O to f O) 05 ,-, „ .^ - 2 as 0 - s^ o '^ ■5 c C'^ioo'O 00000000 '"£ rirHCqiNCOCO^'OcOtO ^ a^rHCOi-^tOr^tOl-HtO'-*r-* ZJ ^ — CMiNCOCOtJ-O Table III. Comparison Between Flocks Tested for the First Time and Those That Have Been Tested Previously Number of Tests Total Number of Flocks Total Number of Birds Tested Total Number of Reactors Percentage of Reactors Number of Negative Flocks First test, More than one test, 105 144 35.353 91,974 1,139 3.988 3.22 53 61 249 127,327 5,127 4.0d 114 The Percentages of Birds in the Leading Breeds The following table shows the relative percentages of tlie birds in the lead- ing breeds tested over a period of seven years. The Rhode Island Red breed is steadily increasing, while the White Leghorn breed is decreasing. The other breeds remain about the same. Table IV. Number of Birds Tested Each Year, with the Percentages Belonging to Each Breed 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 Total number of birds tested, .... .24,718 29,875 33,612 59,635 66,503 67,919 127,327 Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Rhode Island Reds, . 44.1 41.7 ,53.2 57.9 62.2 68.9 73.5 White Rocks, 12.3 10.6 2U.O 13.0 11.2 11.2 8.6 Barred Rocks, . 7.8 12.1 9.5 7.2 6.5 8.0 8.6 White Leghorns, 22.4 19.9 11.3 16.4 1S.6 7.1 8.1 White Wyandottes, . 3.9 8.7 3.6 1.9 .6 4.7 0.8 Miscellaneous, . 9.7 7.0 1.9 3.6 .9 .1 0.4 Plans and Control Measures The experience of tiie past few years has shown tiiat it is necessary to revise the testing plans for the control and elimination of bacillary white diarrhoea. Within the past few years the poultrymen have used more pullets than adult hens for breeders. Pullet testing is influenced by the time the bird commences to lay, for there is a correlation between ovarian function and the time the reacting substances for the test appear in the blood. The plan of retesting within the same year has been influenced by })lacing the testing season ahead of the breeding season. Working under such conditions it lias been found more difficult to eliminate the infection from pullets than from adult hens. Due to this fact, the department has changed the requirements for a clean flock. Three consecutive negative tests will be required so that no infected birds will remain in the flock undetected. Two plans are presented, either of which may be followed depending upon which is better suited to the flock in question. Requirements to be uuide of those requesting service in bacillary white diar- rhoea control: — (1) Agree to observe the Control Measures listed l)elow: (2) Promise to pay for such service in not more than thirty days from receipt of bill. Poultrymen are requested to carry out one of the following testing plans: Testing Plan No. 1 On birds one year of ci(je or older, or on layinjj pnJlets. The breeding flock to be considered free from infection when produced according to the following plan: (a) Original test considered as being the one when the flock is first found free from reactors. (b) Second test on these non-reactors, six to twelve niontlis later, with no reactors found. (c) Final test on progeny, again with no reactors found. Three consecutive negative tests required. TesHvij Plan No. 2 Alternate for pnllpf.t, or tchen more rapid clearing of the flock i.t desired. The breeding flock is to be considered free from infection when produced according to the following plan: (a) Original test to clear flock of reactors. (b) Non-reactors tested again six weeks later, with no reactors found. (c) Off'spring of the above tested as pullets, and no reactors found. (d) Retest six weeks later, again with no reactors found. Three consecutive negative tests required. This second plan is feasible only in the case of early hatched, early ma- turing flocks. Note. It should be understood that pullets are not eligible for testing until they are laying. Male birds may be used for breeders if tested once and found non-reacting. Control Measures 1. All birds showing a positive agglutination reaction to be removed from the breeding flock. Reacting birds to be disposed of if possible, but if it is necessary to keep them as egg producers, to be kept under strict quarantine. 2. Male birds not to be housed during the breeding season with other than breeding stock. 3. New stock brought on the place, whether adults, day-old chicks or hatch- ing eggs, to come from stock shown to ht free from bacillary white diarrhoea as determined by the agglutination test. Cooperation from the Poultrymen The department has not sufficient funds or personnel to enable it to follow up the results of the tests. The responsibility for applying control measures suggested, therefore, rests on the poultrymen themselves. It is important that poultrymen bear in mind the desirability of consecu- tive testing. Infection can be eliminated more rapidly and economically by testing consecutively eacli year than by testin~g one year and not the next. When testing has once been started on a flock it should not i)e discontinued until the flock has been declared free from the disea.se. Inquiries have been received from poultrymen asking wiiere they should make application for the test. Application blanks can be obtained only from the Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Pathology. A record is kept of all the poultrymen to whom application cards have been sent. These cards vhen returned should contain all the data asked for, since the information is necessary in planning i:he work before and during the testing season. It is essential also that the cards be returned to this department before the testing season so that tiie work may l)e organized liefore the testing conuiiences. Flocks will not be tested unless an application card has been filed witli tii.:, department. The poultrymen should liave all the necessary equipment for testing ready when the blood sampler arrives. The iilood sampler must w^ork on a systematic schedule in order to collect a maximum number of samples with a minimum expenditure of time and money. Letters are sent to the poultrymen before the blood sampler arrives stating wlien he may be expected and wjiat equip- ment is needed for collecting the samples. The poultrymen have cooperated in using leg bands provided by the college. The bands are furnished at cost, one cent per Viand. By using these bands there is less chance for error in collecting tl.c samples and a great deal of time and labor are saved at the laboratory. The cost of one mistake may be great- er than the cost of the leg bands. All poultrymen are expected to use college leg bands so that a uniform system may be followed. It appears to be the impression among some poultrymen that, when a flock has been tested once and reactors have been removed, the flock is free from the infection. It has been found from experience, however, that it may require several tests to eliminate the disease from an infected flock. A flock is not considered disease-free by this department until it has passed three consecu- tive negative tests. A flock that is not considered free may cause trouble in its progeny. A clean flock may remain clean indefinitely, depending ujinn the management of the flock and plant. A very important matter whicli has demanded considerable attention during the past J"ear is the distribution of information concerning the results of tlie blood test on flocks. Poultrymen desiring to buy liatching eggs or stock from clean flocks have written to this department for tlie health status of certain flocks. Poultrymen who desire to purchase hatching eggs or stock from clean flocks should write to the flock owners requesting them to give this laboratory authority to furnish information regarding the health status of tlieir flocks. Every poultryman who buys hatching eggs or stock should investigate care- fully the health standing of the flock and how the eggs and stock have been handled after they leave the plant. A record of the flock standing from a reliable laboratory should be obtained. This applies to flocks within and with- out the State of Massachusetts. Summary During the 1926-1927 season, 127,327 birds were tested for i>acillary white diarrhoea. This is 59,408 tests more than last season. The average percentage of infection was slightly higher this year. The total number of flocks tested was greater. The volume of work for this season indicates that the poultry- men realize the significance of this test in eradicating the disease and with tiieir sustained interest and cooperation in every j^hase of the work the ultimate goal should be reached. Publication of this Doct-mext Ai'PiiovKO by the COJIJIISSION ON AUMINISTUATION AND FINANCE 3,.500. 7- '27. Order 9575 :ONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 40 NOVEMBER, 1927 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS Massachusetts statute requires that every parcel of commercial feeding stuff offered for sale in the Commonwealth carry a guarantee as to its protein, at and fiber content; and further defines a commercial feeding stuff for the jurposes of the Act as including "all feeding stuff used for feeding live stock md poultry and containing not more than sixty per cent of water, except whole seeds or grains, and also unmixed meals made directly from the entire grains )f corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, flaxseed, kafir and milo, whole lays, whole straws, unground cottonseed hulls, and unground corn stover vhen unmixed with other material." The Act further requires that mixtures )f two or more materials bear a true statement as to the ingredients con- lained therein. The authority for enforcement of the Act is vested with the Director of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. This publication, the thirty- hird, is a record of work done during the past year in connection with its jnforcement, and presents the results of the chemical and microscopic analyses )f 1,602 samples of feeding stuffs intended for live stock and poultry con- sumption, collected during the year ending September 1, 1927. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication op this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and FiNANCH IM l-'28 Order 951 CONTROL SERVICE INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS BY PHILIP H. SMITH, FRANK J. KOKOSKI » AND MARVIN W. GOODWIN, CHEMISTS, FREDERICK A. McLAUGHLIN, MICROSCOPIST, AND JAMES T. HOWARD, INSPECTOR. This bulletin contains a report of work in connection with feed inspection service for the year ending September 1, 1927. Duriag that time 1,603 samples of feeding stuffs, collected of dealers and manufacturers, were analyzed and are herein reported. This represents about 200 samples more than for the preceding year. Two hundred and fifty-five dealers located in 143 towns and cities were visited at least once. Nine hundred and ten brands of feedstuffs were registered for sale in Massachusetts by 256 manufacturers or dealers. Acting as agent for Federal ofifieials under the authority of the Food and Drugs Act, the Massachusetts Feed Inspection Service has collected five samples of cottonseed meal, four of poultry mash, three each of dairy rations and molasses horse feeds, two of stock feeds, and one each of com distillers grains, flour middlings, and red dog flour, all of which wei'e deficient in protein. Three cars of Argentine bran were also reported an account of short weight. Of the twenty-three samples collected, three lots of cottonseed meal and one of red dog flour were seized and held under bond until correct guarantee tags were attached. Just what action is contemplated in relation to the other nine- teen samples has not been learned. > Resigned. 5 02 M R d U P O CO «s ^ <»-> -n a ^> o> Hi k U. tH s u« w •5i 0 n o 4) CO >> J^ IS c < 12; e 4) 1— 1 k V > < « 4-1 u a g 0 U Si|wg o§ a ^ O cars iO»OOCO»OW5^COiOCOlCCDOeOCDN'CDiOCOt>.CCiCOCO>0 oooooooooooooooooooooooo C0«■-l05'O■-lM^3O■-l•-l010000lCl(N'-l0500^-lM00«O iot^Ttio5c.l'50OCD OlOOOiOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOO (£jlOCO-lW-it~Oil0C-icDM'-i?DCO'-icOfOCOCO;OCOtO OOOOOOOOO ^co-*-^ixroccT)icc'*T)-HOOOl^05-*C<5iOOt^tO'-it^(N>00 «e<3iooot^w50r-'«(< lN«-*t^(Nl>00t^I>00C<505<3!M05-l t^t^t^t^o6t^t»t^toiet>ddt~t^t^t>«D>oi>iat~oot» OiNOi-tc^inoiiCt^ dccoddooCTiosoj O O O D,0 • . Q c c o c . :«|a 6 d 6 .ooo —I C 13 c « ci 03 d . . tH tH frri L_,C-< O U O is -s -5 o o o COO > q; q; g; C3 »- tH t^ fr4 t-l ^ 3 3 9 9 3d o o o . . bC bC btOO c3 rt ^ -*J -4^ G G C -*^ -^ '.2.2.2''"'5' '> 03 S — , CO -OSS M, a a a SS E 3 3 3 tZJWWW 4) oj ojfflMCQ'g'C G G G l-H M h- 1 ]-J h m IE (D a) a a . . S S^;:z; 5 I • 'OSS «J o o CUV :=8=a coo C u u t3 M M g ^ a g^^ G C G M'-ICO ' s & & o o o . C C G • • -B-^ • • • •'^'^'3 G W-3 O O 0^^^3 3-^M^ro -3 3 (d3 ■■3'3'Bw-i«o22g3«« S S a S-, -^ «, m CGG^^^CiuSg^S "a)oSP30 ( ) -M u a V 1 o Zm 1 CJ 0 rn U El 1 [-) lyi 73 n ■W «> «■! jZ «*• 0 >H s M PQ ^ V t^ w Q o >. W (d >^ *^ C :^ "< ^ - — - « p b(i 18 h- 1 > <: a £ 0 u o ^ a , *^ c3 o 51 C3 OJ lO 0 "5 loioioinooo 06000606060006 CO "5 CO oico CO 02 >-< CO "O >0 CO OiiO t~ CD t- 1- 1> CO t>- tnoi t~ 00 1~ >o •* 00 00 rt 06 00 •-1 t^ --H OS 10 Tl* T}< ICI* »0 Tj* (MO5COlCMC<100COC'lN eocac6>-cc<|p3c^eococncoo>'i< ■-HOOt^Ni-iOOcOt^OlcO CO(NCOOIN'-lNCOCOrH ooineawcooocot^i-oco .HO'*t^'-ICOC-'-icD0000'O CO CO CO CO CO »0 CO CO >0 CO ic CO O lO CO »0 10 lO »o 0000000 (N e^ c^ cOCO 0>0050000000iO ■^C0-*'-l'*-*'*-^'OC0 cOC^ O5^ddo6do6d'-i • •>-l • -TS • • • • - . « . ==0 "So . O * fcr .-^ m -Co on=a s o 03 Qi-io ^ Mc=;^ S5 — >> i|si§|||':l >^ " ►C c ;r] Jr ^ -t^-'-' bfc '.iS 0 >^ . 0 & n ;? be a a 0 ri •a ■ 0 ■ <^ciO ••0 ■ 0 • gc = .s m ".^=«s 6|c520 a'^M o'^<-S "^a 13 >- _g ra QJ n ja-3 a a-ii=d o*j i-i't^ o ^ o3ir" « 03 o • ^ j3 •o = V (0 « k u. o C M « I. Is I a S.2tii^v - ieta9 3-S.2 "» 3 0, o^ a oomWOcBp ■>- -S 0_ w O « O Q) c3.S ^ ''^ f*^ 'lT" .« "3 i-Hi-lrtiNrtlNiN'-irHCO w o s a "2 ^^ C3 c C-1 -H IN .-I i-H CO 1-1 ' N0>« 1-1 M 05 "5 -^ to t^ >0 ■* to O CO CO (O t~ to ■* O O ■* (N M X to 05 C5 05 00005 CO CO tOCOCO lO X50 ■* CO rH t» O ■^CO^ iO^'*T)<->lOiOTji'^Tj'0><:)0'0'C'OiO>-liOm>OlO»00'0 00"5"0"0 0'00 OOlOOiOOOOOiOlOOlOOrHOO'O oitOtd 05 00 05 05 00 0> t~ O OS 05 00 05 t- 05 05 to en 00 00 to O O 05 O) Ol 00t-O50>0>NOO0C0000O0500h-OC0t>- 00«eO ■* 00 (M O t^ i-H O --I .-I to >0 •<*" ■* 00 CI t- 05 >0 •-< •* "-I CO 00 t^ t~ r-l ■* (M IN t^ tH t^ C^ O CO 05 00 CO "5 ■* in o> . t>. to t>- to t» 00 -^ t- 1» t» t~ to to «5 b- t» to to t» to lO coto>ra 00 ■* >o i-i m o t^ 05 IN 00 00 "-I i-H i-H iM >o 'J" to 00 1- 05 1>. i-i t~ coco-*t^conHTt!-*t)JiotD-*t^K5toooto-*t^ooiotgo --*- .-._.-.-.-.*.-.-.*.-.* *.-.* «.« — I0»0i0t0l0»0»0i0u5i0^»0i0i0i0»0»0t0 OOO O050000'0t>-0'-"00>00000001C>0000'0 lOlO'OOinOiOl^-OOO'OiCiOCOO'OO ifSTfTiJ Tt<^iOlO>OT}'5"5-^'^'*'*-*'0'j<'<*TlJ'^-H (N i-H "O .-( t0 1-< ■* ^ CO tO tO CO l> 00 "O '^ 00 ■* CO i-l IN ■^ Tji O tJ^ »0 ui i/5 to W5 »0 to 10 »0 O lO to "^ ^ to lO to »0 TjH >0 Th »0 lO lO lO -^ »0 CO »0 »0 tH "^ »0 lO t}i lO lO ^ -^ O lO ■^ OOO OtOOOOOOOO'^O'OiOiOOOOOOOOOOOO 100000000000»OOOINOOO r^^tOtO »otO»CiOtO>OtOiOiOtOtOiO^-'0»OiOiOtOt^»dO-^»C>OtO toiOiCl0^iOiO»0»OiOiO»0»OiO"ti»OtOtO ,-1 ,-H rH I— I I— t i-H r-l I— I tH rH tH T-H i-H f-l 1-H rH T-l 1-H i-H »-t T-H T-H I— ( i-H rH ^H 1— I 1-H t-H .— I i-H i-H f-H i— I i-H rH t-H »-l i-H i— I i-H i— I i— t "-H »H i-H Tl<050 ■<^tD05iOOOO"OOOTt<05iNtOIN05t00005COO-*t--*'-l b, O m -^ 1-- CO IC tO lO >0 IN t>. CO 00 05 CO tO "-l "jtood od to "C lO 00 to O t~ to I> to to 00 t-^ to 00 1>- 00 00 00 to to b» h- 00 b- to t^ Tti to to t^ to 00 to t- lO OO to lO to b- to CJ-*tO ■>ii O t^ t^ O O ■^ CO i-l 00 lO CO --I O O to CO 05 CO -^ •^ IN ■* lO to 1-1 IN IN 05 ■* ^ O "-I >f5 O CO i-H t- 05 1~ N N t^ C'lO05 Oi— •0005OOOO05OOOOOO05OOO»-'05O'-'O*-' 05OOOC5OOX05O050505G5C5O0S05 S>t cqZ Coo •••■■73 . 6 'PM •lis bC bO s a •133 §§ ^ ^ " A si " r.f' 2-S-2 S'^P^^ I- !- is "^ .- 2 !* f 3 tt =3 ='M->^ S u -i^ C^S a? d d ^ ^ 3 m:=l-Q o-s^ S oj^ 3 >..sf I §11 s|-§|«|I| Spa §-§ §^^^11 ^lll^|3|||a nCi^ i ^1 2 §2 is , ^kI g, b|s -S |. ^26 il 1 ,3^gag S| .hII ^5|.5fg|^§ oJ-sSi 3^§-IJ^=^?.2 I^SII.SPSJS g§g.^|°a|^ >am ^^fqowwj ffiSmp>H«z p^mw^jW^HOPH ^Hijoomo;?!:^ phWo^mhso •HINC^ cs —I — 1 "-1 •-( i-i 1-1 N .-I C<1 IN i-l C "73 u rs a rr( i 6 44 \ 1=1 o o () 4) H 1 CJ 1 O P CO u O '§ w K (H S "^ § I S a ^ c P --- < V 1—! bo « « g o u ifSw ■*C050NNt.MNr-(O00M'>!lHi-lT^ •^OiOOiOOOOiOlCOOtOOOOOmOOOOOOOUSOOOOOlOirjiOOOO NC^i-HC^.-HC^C)>-HrH,--<00'-H'-^(NO'-l.--lOO)C^OM-HC^-HT)OCC<3«l0t-Xi005C0t^OOW'-<(N(N-*05OiO®(0 C5i--<000050>oios®03ododo6o6o3(»OSOOOo6l^o6«3050JOC-0500J05o6o5050o6 COCOOiOOOlO'-(lMiOO>000>0 tDNOOce'i<(et^Tt<0000'*COO(NOSW5»«t^Ttiir3MCDt^"5CO«OOtDt>.'*t-rHOOOt^CO000)'-lO0>'-i03O0300ai05t^02'^'-iO05 000i o a) o hJ o (D_0 0) a C^ c •« c a) c o '^ G ^ :7^ ^ -1 "7^ :— bf a; ^ 03. 2f^ O O c« g £ c . M O U.9.S 3S IP •6 ^o'^ ° CS.S5 o<5 c o 0>>3 c C o 03 03^ " '-' -4S o§5E ° ^ 03 0; hJ c -^ — H o :^ o3 t- 5 . .^O SP° °5 P'^^m a: -^ -^ ^ ?^ ^ ^ ^CC Es C 4J ra _ra M:3r:3 3 « o oeMfkapHrt as ^M U '3:;= "^.3 ^ 03 «) 3 03 03 Wrtn^rt PL, So I • • I • • • • I -gp I • • • 3 o3 ^a QW • -^ • • ■ • >. ^IMrti-lrHTHrHi-IC^NiHr-dNt^Ml^.'HlOINrH.-li-KM'^TjIt^rtMC^'HNMrHe^i-lMi^ COCO ot^"^ (NOOOlO OOOOOOOOOOOOOiOiO O OOOi o OOO doJd OC<3INi-liO 050COOOT-lF-OOOiOCno6o6>ncot^o;o«Dto rto do OiCO (NCoo>om ddddddddddddddd oo 00 b^ ON"0 lOiOiO OOO ddt-I CO>-l.-(rH(M ^(MOOCOT)(Ol>OTtHOcOC^'-ltOcD dt-ldrqdi-iddd.-id'-i'-idd coo do diot> lOOOtO NIC 00 i-li-0t^C a > d 0) CmOQ 03 w<^^ ^ -ti^s o . I . . . a .S'o.2 Q t>OpH a -d 1 ^ m w 2 pS o Sg o «ja o 3 © S ©c P 43 •S1..2 .2 I _, o m « •; .2^t: ci-d ►; oj 3 o3 ■" ■HNINtOiO CONOOC^OiN{N(N— 1 -Hr^ Tjl -(r-lrH o T3 O '^ ^ Q 0 M U % a. H 0^ s a c < 60 a B 0 U " COOOOOOOiOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 030)0 0>00C^OOt^OCsOC0O'HOO OS-H030CCOe.coo3t~ooot>-t^t-r-t-.t>.t~oot-oot-»ooooa>oooo5 0005C<5-*OOCO-t>-0'*'-iOOOOt^lMiOlNoooooo o>o6ooo30N03odooo o>oo-*rooo3co®foo> t>it-coo6o5dt^odo5ojoo IM.-l'0'COO'COOOO'00»0>0000 i/JOOOOOiOOOOO ootoeoooosootoiMOS'-iO) •^■^»0»C'^-^»OCOC0»OTt< ooooocooooooooooooo>coooo ooooooooooo (NiM(NIM(NCC CC iM O 0> 00 03 »-l O 00 . ii i-H OS 00 "-l O O 03 h- "-l ^^'kJ— J^d^iOcJod-^dc^M'O-^OMlN'J'OJCQ''* rtl rtt-.TjtOCC'Htoi.'iroiN-* (N (N (M IN -i CC i-H M M 00 0> ■* i-l "-I 03 t^ 00 1-1 00 '1' to 03 t- tO "C 00 >-i I^ 03 O! O 00 tO 00 O3O5t^O3O3O3O3O3d00O300O3O3O306t-O3O300t-O3O300 03 O000O0t>.0000r-.O300000O o o .oo UU " " g c .... St 60 >S iS M ^ o o o o ■ c c . OQOO S3 6d6 6d "^ M M M M i^'^OOOOO J ^ 3 :S 5 d K K =^ °3 S.' 5f 5f IK' ' ES2SO £ £ >.>>:§s:S oa^r^r"? o o » luOOO cede .t-t. ■ .«a)a;c3 73.a.cz?— . ■ ,^JiP ^'^■g«8 SS' Is S.S^ O 03 s^^ c c 03 >> s_^ I— I C O h '^-^S-ti Q . o. '■^- Wnin £§ S o o o ^^^Ji C e C d LI^ V ^ 2 w _ .. 3q - c 53 C^ C^ t3 rt 1 c >>•; QQ^GgQ.^Q°-3Q!3^22 5.~ o 5 5 fT 03 o3 3 « _„>^,ccogg(o£ 03^>a^O*2GC!>!> mh«o,4>^3a)tHQj^tcjo3 ^&f^oP^•3fe>■^tf UC^*-'MMM5Cj3« qSSMMWQQQW 5<1 ^ rt ^ C<1 -H 1-1 IN 1-1 --I T-i lO ■* M ■* "-l IN -H >-l r-i "^ IN lO ■>}< ■* iH CO — 1 1-1 ^ IN IN ■* iH IN • -H N tJI O ■* "5 .-I lO t» «0 to ■* .-^ lO 1-1 T)l ,-1 Ui t^ t^ OS 05 «D "-I O lO P5 >-l OS t» 05 M ^ CD il t» tO N M -^Ji O 05 Ol "-I ■«!*< (O N l/5ir5|>It»»niOo6cOlOt>.CO'00 "O COOOCOh-iraiO "OOOOOOOtOiOtD t>.t~Tjico^'0'OtOOOcO'OCSOOOt^OOcDt»tO;0!0 ooooooooooooo o oooiooo ooiooooo ooooooomooooooooooooo doodosO—'OOOS-^dlNiM -l-*O'(5'-l(MO(N00T)i 00 t>i 00 c^ lo TjH d "-I -* ■* to OS oo i^ lO --i lo t~ 06 os os in co os M tj* tj< 00 ■-< o 00 --i 06 00 •* to t~ co os im >o co d os 00 os c^ •* ■^ 10 -^ »0 -^ -^ -^ ^ "<^ -^ Tj< ^ T^ Tt< -'^ 10 -^ -^ -^ -^ CC "^ Tj< TjH 10 -^ T}4 o^ 10 to TfH 10 -^ -^ -^ -^ "^ -^ fO ''^ TP -^ 10 -^ 't -^ -^ OOiOmOOiOOiOOOOO O COOOOiO >0 00"COOO lOlOOUSOiOOOlOOlOOOOOOOOOOO ■-H to 00 ■* OS P5 "-I OS in b- b- OS "-I O CO 10 00 t~ 10 (N t>. C3 00 OS CO 00 "O CO t~ O CO lO t^ Tfi lO 00 ■* ■* (N OS r-l lO "-i OS <0 t1< CO "O in »C Tj< »o ^ »n CO lO iO CD to lO lO to to CO ■»*< -rti Tf to Tf to to to -^ -^ to to -^ CD -^ to "(^ to to to to CO to t^ to to to -^ -^tTt* -^ -^ ooooooooooooo o oooooo ooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo Noin-fdtoodoocD-^dd (N '*j IM Mi-ii-HC^INCq C^INiN-hiMi-i(M iMrH^)(MCqNINWMNiN—li-iC-< OS to OS 00 CO OS t^ •-I OS OS -^OOCOCOtOt^ 00 OS CO ■* t^ CO CO ■* OS O O IN OS CO to CO to CD N >-< N OS .-I O CO IN tH Tt ososososooooodososdosoot- 06 osciosdooos oooiiNTjioodos dosooososooososooosoodcooooscsosoosiNo 2 a) a) S.MM . ... .q eS 03 ... H J3J3 ... 000 00 000 000 m virl ••fflfflas«a)M- OOO • • • ^^ m g WW aadaaa © rR t-it^^ S a is t? « «j . cj cj c3 .IS • £ S'-"-'=a=y=y=a«aoS ^ a .2 ou ■ • -www do ^'OgO Tm • ... J-* >-*'-* ^ ^ :« ^ a^ £ *• .SSddaaaaaaS B §°£^ 6 ■ • S S Sr°.^<^ cS£fc£6;§ 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6Boo^ 20Wli< c 6 C S S SoW f^, "^ ^ O O _0 U 3 3.5 M.3 C C-^-S-^"^^ • m hn m hr^ ^^^..^^.U-ti .rt" . J3 C» Z ■ ■?. -(^ tJ >> "^ ->^s'^ a -TS^ a ag CM^atjo offi u o ,== ,^is^n 1 1 •till '^ ■ ■ '41 illl^'i^li ■ '^mB eaf ?l! III! mu si's" ^ i ^^° ^fl- 1 1 1^ Iks^oW&iZis „ ., „ ^■'-v' 2i__:a'*fl-^W e^:t: H S 2.0 '^-s cc4;caT3 o o c-"" •5d--2 S 2 ^ 2 a S;:; §.-«^ S a^T3 2-«2 a e'B S-ol 2 2 "" S ^=5 ^ g 2 -"^ > .S 5.2«^.;4 2 «-Scq «.: S^ SH si 5 g ag-i |&2f^ 2«1 &2 iJ|^.S g |s|33 Sll'l'l S S.2fi | §^ fe| 5;|s°.°f ^ i-iC^r-ii-itOiO'-<' ■* (N -H 00 05 M OS OS ^5 00 IN ■* W »0 »0 to to lO to "^ to to CO to X lO -^ t'- CO O lO CO »0 kO iO lOOOOOCOOOOO INOSINOOSOSNCJOO tooo■*0'-lloooco^3^~ ost^oosoocow-^oooo oooooomooooo OSOOsOCJOSOOOsO^JOOod oos'noso-*0'*iNoo-H'-i ooo6t~o6oi>oot-o6eocoos lO t~ •* t^ Tji CO fo M CO CO «^ ■* O CJ ■* CO to IN OS "-i CO O OS >0 >-i 00 t^ l^ O N OO-^lC'-iOO'COS OS>Ct^iNOSOJt~N"#tO h-C-IO: h-COOOOiOUilNlNi-l ^Jl *^ •*i^ »0 »0 lO ^ -^ Tj< -TjH Tj< Tf TjH lO -^ -^ Tt< -rtl -^ Tjl Tt T}1 -^Jl IC -^ -^ Tfi lO O to >ooc^oioooo oiramioioioiocoo ooooo>cmmoooo CO '^ CO -^ -^ ■^ ^ lO ^ iO lO >0 -^ C-H 00 1~ to IN 00 to 1-1 1~ OOiOCOCOlNt^CO^ >-itO'-H^(NO-*totD^ OtOOtOOO'-i-HCO'i^^^ PL, CCCtf OjVJZD °3 o o O ^"^ =»0 r'" S O 1 — ^ Sa S 0) M CJ I. c'^pa c — ^ .lJ " S i!3 5 .< fc^ .23 . . o o . . . . o oQO o o o o £ c ^ gOOOO C W fc- iK"iD33iU4>a)ia) r3 35 X! J2 -g ■£ -g -g i>>ddKffiffiW o o -ErOT3 J; c3 O O ■33k2^? ^ && » . o3 C8 no « C I O ^1 --s „^ U« 0 ^ ^ ° b>, u a.^- '3 .2'-3 C/w «6'-T3D c— "SJ'^'3'^ .ptH v^.S 2 ID -2 .^ « M 6-- cj O o3 >,fc, o t! S.t! ^ ■ ■ t>> s ofe'3'5 •Q^bp^-33b1 • COOO to OS 00 ooo oodos cOt-ItO ooo ooo totot^ lOCO'* doooo t-tOh- 00 OS 00 -o (J fcl . i-sP-iCO fc- OL' '3 •-- ™ 3 t- IN 2.32^ = 30^^^5' 5-1 Sfc^" ?^^ P^ o'S -2 ..s ^-^ ao -le jr c8 °3jaj3a3lNMO »CQ Vj '3 Cj ClJ 03 03 ^ 2 rtb ^f S SC-S -^ h£j:j3 — j: '3'"Ob£3o3^.pH _ 5«5 oJ isD O M„ 'Kg .-lt~Mi-lCOa>'-lO>-r-4-tt<00i'5O"-i'-i'1<0s«D'OCD iNCDOodocO— icDOOiddcO CD'O'OCDCDCOCO'OiO^CDcOCD OOOC^O coiot^co-^ oooo>o ^ CO ^ c^ ^ I000000"000>000l0i0 iOtJ(MioC0U5(N-*C0iN-*C0C0-* OOOOiOOOOiOOOJOOO TtKNCOCOCOCO'OCOTfCOCO-l'IN t- 00 '-HOI'* co^mcoio (M(M«3CDlO lO ■*' ■* CO •*' i-HCOtDlOOOOtOCOCO^JHiCO-* I^OcD000005c0t^00iOINC0i-l ■*io-*co'*cocDcoioeo->i000i000>0 oooorodoooooodosoot^ Ocot^cot^ t^'j'cooico (N C^ S^ M (M iMtOCOtOiH CO CHCOOSlOOJ>'-ltO'-l Oi010050050s0050SOi»-*0>0 >-it^il0T)<>0OC0C0-*>O0)OC<) ojTjn'dddodd'-i'HdoJoJod (N lO Tf tD 00 ddoodd lOt-iC^iOlO 00 1-1 05 00 05 COCOtDcDOcOtO^MCqi-iOOi-iO OSOOOQOodoOOOOOOSOOOOOOOO COO'-l'OOtD«DlOO"5'*lMi-l O5OO>05O0500O00t>.05t^05 0 5!,X o OOeo ■ Ml m'"' t. 03=2.3^ ja 01 <».« ■ o . .J o >'«0 p4w S e SO ,^ji ©a S-S ^ Si • o3 » - r o 6 o o -2000^6 S ^' O ^ -° -^ o .^!3 " • • « 53 . ^^^ SOOga S5 go S C t8 «.a « 3.2 fQWoaP-iH — . y a> o 0) ^ O fc- ^ — &rt;^cc ° >>; 'M -^5 u-u, § o 3-tJ5 t; -JSa; Sir >.C.J^ i ^ o 2 5'2 ? . ^ s s o • o ,5f32 ° < fq E m W ajMM o^ 1^ 03 IPhobmOco ■-iro«OC0i-lTjli-INrHt^Ttlt-l >-l N "5 1^ U5 (Nr^OOOOOO pJt^iO-* lO lO to «0 lO lO -^ ■* »0 CO -"l* CO lO CO •* b- •* "3 -"l* 1(5 cJ "5 CO CO CO CO K s 1 T3 ol lOOOO OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO "500000 OlC^NiO CO "-I ■* CO to CO C-l05 d-n'oi-H COCO(N>nCO-*C^(NN •<)*ldd-H03diMoi ^oi-Ho6cot>idco^dod o6r>IcodiN-H CD CO "O CO lO »0 CO CD CO »0 CO CO to to *0 CO »0 CD "C »0 CO CO »0 lO ^ lO CO CD CO CO < 1 -o ol iCOOO (MINOOOOOOO lO'CO'OO'OO'OOOO "OOO'OiOiO •^CO'^CO COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOtI^ NC^iNNCJc^-^INCOCOCO -^COtNlNINCvi □ 3 o 10OC005 iCO>Ob-0»'*0'* CO OS 00 >0 O 05 05 t^ N t~ OO O OOtOOOlN'^ •*CO-*IM CO CO CO CO CO •* ■* CO ■* IN CS ■* CO CO (N CO CO CO CO ■* CO CO •"»!•* CVI IN g 0 1 -B ol OOOO 0000000>00 OOOOOOOOOOO lOOOOOO OSOS-h'oO dot^t^OOOOOOSO O3CS00CS00OSMO-. 0500 NO00OS0500 -a a 3 o incoosio CO ■* 03 "-I CO CD >n t- >o co co » t~ ■* « co n 05 co n coN'^iooous O5O5IN05 .-1-H00t»000005000 050005000505INO0505O C0C0OS05t^C0 rt ^ 00005IN CO rH IN -< CS •* •* IN CO CO '# 1> C •" T^ Stock and Horse Feeds (10 t< 12 Per Cent Fiber)— Con. Jasco Stock Feed VitaUty Stock Feed WiUiams Stock Feed . Wood's Stock Feed Stock and Horse Feeds (mor< than 12 Per Cent Fiber). Vigor Sugared Stock Feed . Eshelnian's Sugared Stock Feed A Chop Feed B Chop .... White Stock Feed Wantmore Stock Feed Sugared Badger Stock Feed . Uncle John's Stock Feed Blue Seal Stock Feed . Molasses Feeds (less than 1 Per Cent Protein). Amco Horse Feed Cloverdale Horse Feed Climax Hor.se Feed Co-Pro-Co Horse & Mule Feed Quality Horse Feed Vigor Horse Feed Eastern States Horse Feed . Elmore Horse Feed Red Rose 85 Horse Feed Algrane Horse Feed International Special Horse Feed International Sugared Dairy Fee( Old Style Special Mayflower Horse Feed Domino Vim-0-Lene Horse Feed Arlington Horse Feed . Emerald Horse Feed . Lexington Horse Feed . 1-^ iHINCqiN IN (N eOiCOOlOOOO Ot-OOOiOOOOO 050iOOOOit-H0505CO t-i IM r-( *-H 6 6 i6 o (^ • a a azjr\ Qj ir, O) . rti^ 3 3 t-T3.ti a — C O c. 00 ceo ooo ojoo diNOJ (3>ooa3 moo csooro ooo (NO ^ (C-it^ OS g-ate •-".2 6 . . "1 ^ " c « .2 ofe . ^^^^ 2 o g >, 0 (N0OT»f (N<-lfo M-*00 O-*00 octroi Ooo >;00 s " " £ :3 3 MOO sec ^ Ua U « ^ b Odd > « « OTO)0"OW0050(MOOOOCTi>0®i-l-*OiO>-lCOCOCDO'-l''3 t>It>i(N\b'^do6'*o6ddt^o6od>oo6t^o6todt-l oomoooooiooooooooooooooioooo !OCOtD'*t~i0 05'0-<«O'-l(N>OO500O5 ■*««£>«■*•* TtHI^OOMl^t^OlOO iOTiro'*'*coMc<);o>nioc<: tDC0i-iC0CO»O'<*OiOC0;D'* ■-ir^do'-icooD'*0»0 omooooooooooooioooocoioot^oo 0305>0i00t0— I'-I050(MO'-10010Co lOiCio-^ ocooo-^ loio r^mccm -^ o >oo o oooooooooooooooooooo-ooooo 00'^00-*ddoodM03t^-H^t~iOiO 05OiN'O OcOOOiO^OOO'Oi00305l'5>0>0"0>CiOO'^t--fOO)l^cDO iOiOaiOt^r-<.-lOOO>0>OlM05fOOCllN— it^MCIt^'-l'-lOO oo<3i05do300'-ii>05do502t^do305-^Oi-,o o a ffi ^.-g-^.S^-S^s s S h 3 ° Op^ CSS t. § c cg^f^ !-< £0'^ ® r'Spn b^2550 o3 .S «2'^'S-S g^'^-JlO^ «J°^ ^-5 §.2=a gfe ci C3 g-s .s.s^o "^fii-S^OO-^M^o^^f^ «-Sm g m^Wpq go C;"-" „ S. t o o-g Soa o-'>,-§ §■? fl'^ ?c.«OP^t* 3 _m d 03 I d X>-^ a d O 'S P-i Ph P-i P-i fa c» i--lrt»HrHTtlrtMTjli-llO' 14 n cj « f 00OI> 00 "0 05 NC<^1-l^~O>•M^00Oelt^C^^5tD lO03C0t>.t-Oi0000M>O06t^— noooocooooinoio COOOOi'^OOiOcOOMOOo6o6cOCOt^l>CO'*®CO (XllMO00t^t^'-lOC(Min(MINt^O-*05 lOOOOOcO <005 ooooo U3010 omoicioooooooooooioiooicooiooo oo 00 02 r-i00i-iC>ra (©—I OCO'>J<(NcO(M'J5(M<-i(MO^>Ot^ 050r~INOO lOOJ CO lO Ttl T}( >-l •OCOt^ ooooo O to f-1 O 00 oo 03 03 loooiii ^^c<5oooo■*<^^ooo-^•Hoo■*■-llO^^M>-n-ltf>l0^3■-^.-( ioi^i^05>no6odooooiot^ot^toioocooooo3t^otD lOOOOiCtD •^C^ d CD c>i OS oi d --I (M --I (N rH .-( (N(N ddoJ t>.TjlOst>.-*OOt^'J'0500oodoo500iOOO!ooi>o:oo5 00 in 1-1 ■ i< c tj M.S.c e o g O O tc."OiM_^ o c gU UmO.« 200 s c-^ I s 2-2 gl^V.O^S « e >?^ £ £ P =3:p,°,°^cS as c S e M^«.S^ c.S s ''■' "5'^ o.S o5^2 fSisg 1-g.tl C3 3 '>'S =3 --^ 5 M >> >>.<° ■ S ag£g^3^^£ <;wmomp; o NrHr-t ^ ■* IM N .-H T-l i-l N >-( (N i-l "-H C<5 C5 rH cq i-( iH IN •* N C^<-1'^ M 15 C<|i-l05i-iO:»(MOOP5t^WOOOt^OOCO>-<<0 0'l''<»Oi-i.-lOOiMC<3^J'^lNt-CDO'*t^05-*'li^t»aiiN«5iN>-it^o>co6o6ooo-Hooi--io50)ai-^o6oJo6ot^03o6o6o'-ioo 00>OiOOt~l^OOOO>0000 000 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiOiOOOOOOOOiOO o>->ioe^eou3iot-(NO>eoait>.t^t-e. miOMMtDt^(N050"5iow-*®oot^«oo»N«oo>"5M!Ot^ooe.t^<-i02C005o6oOi.Ot>.(M'^i-l OlOilNOlOOtD'CroMOOOOlNt^OO'-iodostOOOO'-'OONMcit-'i'OOOOOiOOt^tO O00"00i0i0000000000>00 000>C1000000010000000000000>COOOOOOOO 0>0!®COOiO(N(NOO'*t^tOO>i-HO>lC (NINi-lCCH^'-H050t-'*COiMOCI'l< OOOiOOOOOOOOiOOOOOOO ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo omdi-ioooccoooooooiototoooooo ooifsoooinoooocooioot^oiiNOooooiooCTiodoooodoooiooiN MrH(MrtC^i-(i-i^.-i(NC^>-i(N.Mi-ii-i(Ni-( (M(N>-<H(Nrti-i0t^00TtH.-lO0)t^-*«^c0MO'* l^050t005t^O>'-l'-lOt^005CO-Htfi'-lt^CO>HU300:Ot^'tl-<*00«D 05tD'-'CD^(N<»05Mi->OOOt^M<000> oi'-lOiO>05-*'-l-*0'-l"nO>C(N030C<5doiOt~IM0505f^Ot^iMi-lOt~OCO i-l'-INt-l(MN'-l'HIMC<|MIM(N>-((M-H-lNi-HMrti-lrHCqr-10J(N.00O'-lt^05O tOOOt^tOOO'-lTji^t^lOOS'^'OO'-llOMNi-lMMiMOOiOOW'-lOOt^OJNOCO w c u o :dS 5 e • ilS M u • S . -- a . Cr^ . • X. • -■ -■ ^„^'^i-i ,-.2 . . .^ OOo^g :>.^'-'.D *? o o o o o o p^ ogOoOOOOO 03 §.S §3 S.Sfl|-S §'g^ Jill 1^ «S|| S §3^|g I >.^-g^ by|3 2"S| s § g &.:a-3^ gj-g-3-3 s i-II-l^rMi-HrtMC-lCO'-l'-ICO'HCOe^lCqi-lt-.rH .U5{Ni-((Mi-(C^TtH^Tl-li-H 16 Slwg tot^oo -H o -^ 06 05 r^ 05 i-i t»i^ 05 « ci6?D05t^o 000 Oi-lOO OHO'* ©00000000000 ioo6o!o6doooooooi^O'i< 00000 Tf CO »o o Cjd tH l-l 1-H ,-1 1-1 >-( (N rt -H ■-( 1-i -H too OOOOOOlOOOOOO IOC5 >o T»< 10 IN ^^ -l -H -H >-l ,-1 rt rHrH i-H >-l >-l T) to « t^ ® CD i~- 1~ t^ r» no coo I0i0i0 00»0»ci0>0»0l00 ■^Tfi OiN(Nroci5(NC0n d-^oidddr-id— iddd coco 00 O IN CO ■* "O 05 M 0 CO lO O cood ,-irt-H,-(d'-i-Hdddd"-H 05t^ -^ -* ■* 10 CO CO (N >C 05 CO « CO dod d'-ic^'-ii-ioi'-i — oicoNij* a o o§ 10 100 OOOCOi^OOiOOOO ■<}<-*-*C0iNC-i CO 05 10 l^ CD CO t^ 10 >0 OOCO-HCO lO-^CO Tfi Tti »i5 >o »o 10 »o 10 »o 10 10 "5 io»o»o»oio C3 0) 000 b-iodd 000000000000 >^QdooOCOt^000000505 >coooo ododdooo >-lT-l(N rH .1 N ,-1 N i-l ■-I (N N Cq rH — I r-l rH C<1 N "-H "-I .-H i-H >-( rH .-I .-( ,-1 .-H i-l .-H i-H 06 ^"d O 00 CO t^ (N 10 CO Tt< I-H O O CO CO— iOOCOt1< o6o5005cooi>oO'-iodt^ 050^05—1 1-llNM rH >-i (N t-i (N IN --I (N C<1 -ic>) rH l-H 05.^ ChOho: J-*-' lU » ti oO >>o ° . .0 ■ • -^ 6 ^ £ 0 . " Co. in Co ttemo i Est Grain 0 0 ^6 a "'li" feS2ST3 S 3^0 H. K. Webst Wetherbee G Arthur N. W M. G. WilUa Stanley Woo ^0 08-0 PhOQ S3i ■c 0 . a -Sr'R^ o o o mh ^ ,S i-iH >5 >3 o o. S"'^2 a a S >-5>^[3H>-,KgOOPM ;m-S . . . M M C S g- • • ■ J 03 • ■ hJ • • • . • • V I . . IS. .1 . .^ . 53h<; mo « :>,S tiS5 i-^-^ c§ja ® QS c -.»i*j<^i-H -j:— M -cmm^s— „^ ■ . 03 Sq J •J^i S i-g^^l S^J I^«2 o| £^ «^ I g S'.S.tl.ijS 5;«i-.g.o^-So3-3o33-c^ M-^^ S NINIM'-H (NrHt- oj Gj e 0) 4) ^ c c ■ ■ If pH "o 6 li 03 «;- C m S O &hOPh r^ C ^ IV Q« CD I. t-5 oca 17 ^•^t^an-^mo'^^'n lo-^^cocjeccow^oi-* OC<10(MO'^0-*050S'^ 0'00'0'00'00''5lOO ooooooooooo • • . .2 o o ■ "-' 0) >> >> o o o^ S c F F a* <« 3 . o On c8 03 § " O ci d . •coco «3 • ■0 M "-■S - m cr 2 E^55 * _ .2 .5; OS 3^ OS 'lOro')"OO500t^'O00O500'-i C»5P5(N«O00O) .-I (N 00 iC (^ 1>- N r-i (N C^ IN rH i-i(N M (N 1-1 i-i (N rt .-Ht-iC^ CJMCO'^'ININ OllOOINO'H IN C<1 10 00 d o 000000000000000000 toooooiNOOoodoccdodooooot^oo 000000 ^odoooooo oiNj>ooi^coo'or>.'0«DiOi-io30505rooo i-iO^OOW'^fOOOTtHrti-irHtDOlNiN'-iiN 000000000000000000 000000 05COiOOOO«CO>-i005-: -W.S §• SS|o5go.25-gg..g^ o^ ■j;i^03feS&S'*->-t;MMt:S3j3Mg £ S « o o o o fei3 °-E-c; o s 03.2'C a « a C 03 0 ■-< 00,5^ • • « CD ■ "0 © lu s 03 "9=*^ aJs 9 ^ ■*j t- 3 ^ CQ ,^ 4; W p° '^ ■ ~ " 03iS 3 fe o K Ot»P3coQO IN O "-I "-I W >0 N "-l th rt rt cq i-l M CO >-l rt< 00 « N rt e■-Hl^^co■*^^co cino6odo6odo6odtbtDo6o6od lo'iotoioiocoio (no dui a o fa CO 00 "3 05 CO U5 05 OJ 00 "O ■* CO CO CO t^ 03 t^ 03 ^ 00 rt O lO ^ Tf< ^ CM O O! COO icdcod-*do6'-iO)'-io6eMT)ic^)oorto6cMd.-i cmio^coooscm cm^ dt-i w O ^5 00000000000000000000 0000000 00 00 ■3 C O fa coioosoo(Nt^totoc 0000 oo K & H o .< 0 z 0 CO i-H Tji Tl( cM tJI rt rt tH CM i-l CM tO ■* •* 19 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees. (Shortages of less than one per cent in protein or fat or an excess of less than one per cent fiber are not listed.) Samples Col- lected. Samples not conforming to Guarantee. Manufacturer and Brand. Protein Deficiency Per Cent. Fat Deficiency Per Cent. Fiber Excess Per Cent. 6 1 American Ag^ricultural Chemical Co Caijital Meat & Bone Scraps 1.5 _ _ 7 2 Beacon Milling Co., Inc. [Beacon Egg Mash with Buttermilk . \Beacon Egg Mash with Buttermilk . 1.2 - 1.7 3 1 Eugene B. Bowen Bowen's Dairy Feed 4.0 - - 1 1 Buckeye Cotton Oil Co. Buckeye 36% Protein Cottonseed Meal 1.4 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 Butchers Rendering Co. Butchers Poultry Feed Bone Meal ..... Cracked Bone ..... 1.1 2.7 3.1 - 1 1 Consolidated Rendering Co. Peerless Bone Meal .... - 2.7 - 2 1 G. E. Conkey Co. Conkey's Growing Mash . 2.1 - - 6 2 4 1 J. Cushing Co. Quality Stock Feed Quahty Stock Feed Quality Stock Feed Quality Stock Feed Vigor Sugared Stock Feed 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 - 2.5 4 1 S. P. Davis Beauty Brand Cottonseed Meal 1.1 - - 3 1 Delaware Mills, Inc. Delaware Stock Feed _ - 1.3 2 1 1 1 John C. Dow Co. Screened Meat Tankage . Dow's Bone Meal for Poultry . 8.0 3.6 4.5 - 1 1 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Milkmore Dairy Ration 1.1 - - 1 5 2 1 1 2 John W. Eshelman & Sons Conestoga 18 Dairy Feed . Red Rose 24 Dairy Feed . fEshelman's Sugared Stock Feed \Eshelman's Sugared Stock Feed 3.2 - 1.7 2.4 2.5 4 1 D. H. Crandin Milling Co. Graudin's Stock Feed _ 1.4 - 1 1 Greene Chick Feed Co. Laymore Mash .... 2.3 _ - 4 2 Hales & Hunter Co. /Red Comb Egg Mash \Red Comb Egg Mash 3.3 2.9 - - 1 1 Hinckley Rendering Co. Hinckley Edible Bone Meal - 1.9 - 2 2 Horvitz Grain Co. fWantmore Stock Feed \Wantmore Stock Feed : - 1.4 1.3 10 10 1 4 Humphreys-Godwin Co. BviU Brand Cottonseed Meal . (Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal . 1 Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal . 1 Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal . [Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal . 1.3 2.4 1.5 - 1.4 1.1 1 1 International Agricultural Corp. International Rainbow 41% Cottonseed Meal ...... 1.6 - - 20 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Concluded. Samples Col- lected. Samples not conforming to Guarantee. Manufacturer and Brand. Protein Deficiency Per Cent. Fat Deficiency Per Cent. Fiber Excess Per Cent. 3 2 Chas. A. Krause Milling Co. (Sugared Badger Stock Feed \Sugared Badger Stock Feed - - 1.4 4.0 2 4 1 1 L. B. Lovitt & Co. Lo\-it Brand 41% Cottonseed Meal . Lovit Brand 36% Cottonseed Meal . 1.1 : 1.0 3 1 Louisville Milling Co., Inc. Sonny South Hominy Feed - 1.2 - 5 1 Marianna Sales Co. White Mule Brand Cottonseed Meal . 1.3 - - 4 3 Maritime Milling Co., Inc. fBull Brand Stock Feed . Bull Brand Stock Feed . [Bull Brand Stock Feed . - - 1.2 1.0 1.7 15 1 Memphis Cottonseed Products Co. Durham 36 Cottonseed Meal 2.0 - 1.7 2 1 New England Rendering Co. Brighton Meat Scrap 1.6 - - 2 1 Ontario Milling Co., Inc. . Uncle John's Stock Feed . - - 1.1 7 2 Park & Pollard Co., Inc. /Lay or Bust Dry Mash . \Lay or Bust Dry Mash . 2.2 1.3 _ - 2 1 Portland Rendering Co. Portland Poultry Feed 1.2 - - 9 1 5 1 1 1 W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc. A. D. P. 24% Dairy Ration Puritan Stock Feed .... Puritan Dry Mash .... 1.8 2.2 - 1.1 1 1 1 1 Prairie State Milling Co. Emerald Horse Feed Lexington Horse Feed 1.2 1.5 _ _ 2 2 Ropes Bros. TRopes Poultry Hash \Ropes Poultry Hash - 1.3 2.7 1 1 Victor Flour Mills, Inc. Victor Spring Wheat Middlings 1.6 - - 1 1 1 1 Vitality Mills. Inc. Advance Dairy Feed Vitality Horse Feed .... 1.4 1.5 _ - 2 1 C. P. Washburn Co. Made Right Dry Mash 1.6 - - 1 1 Wayland Grain Co., Inc. Wayco Egg Mash .... 1.1 - - 1 3 1 2 H. K. Webster Co. Blue Seal Stock Feed (Blue Seal Meato Buttermilk Mash . \Blue Seal Meato Buttermilk Mash . 1.4 2.9 - 2.2 2 2 2 2 Stanley Wood Grain Co. 1 Bliss Dairy Ration .... iBliss Dairy Ration .... /Wood's Dairy Ration \Wood's Dairy Ration - 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.9 - 1 1 John J. White Co. White's Alfalfa Horse Feed 1.3 - - 1 1 Worcester Rendering Co. Royal Worcester Bone Meal - 2.8 - 21 Results of the Inspection. The Feeding Stuffs Act now on the statute books was conceived and drafted with the intention of requiring that certain definite statements in the form of a guarantee be attached to each and every package of feeding stuffs offered for sale, in order to enable the purchaser to have some knowledge of the character of the goods purchased. The content of such a guarantee must be information that can be easily obtained by the manufacturer, easily understood by the con- sumer, and of such a nature that adequate inspection and checking up of the guarantee is jjossible. A more elaborate guarantee might be required which through the difficulty of checking by inspection officials would lead unscrupu- lous manufacturers to make exaggerated claims with full confidence that they would not be brought to account for such statements. It is contended that the requirement of a guarantee of protein, fat and fiber content, with a statement of ingredients used, gives the purchaser a fair idea of the quality of a feed and admits of an adequate inspection. Digestibility, the exact percentage of each ingredient, standards for special purpose feeds, ■ash and vitamin sufficiency, and a balanced protein content are either impracti- cal from an inspection standpoint, or dependent upon other factors, such as the home grown food supply; so that no good purpose can be served by includ- ing such statements in a guarantee. Whatever is said in this publication has to do with the relation of feeds to their guarantees, irrespective of their relative m'erits as feeding stuffs. It is of interest to note that there has been a consistent drop in the percentage of feedstuffs deficient in their protein, fat and fiber guarantees during the past three years. In 1925, 8 per cent of the feeds collected were found deficient; in 1926, 7 per cent; and in 1927, 41/2 per cent. The figures for 1927 are given in detail in a preceding table. In accordance with our usual custom, where samples did not conform to their guarantees within reasonable limits, additional samples were drawn under the authority of the Fedei^al Food and Dinigs Law, for which the Control Service is authorized to act. Twenty-three samples were taken, classified as follows: Cottonseed meal . Wheat bran Wheat middlings . Dairy rations To date this work has resulted in the seizure of two shij^ments of cottonseed meal and one shipment of wheat middlings. During the year attention was drawn to the fact that wheat bran and wheat middlings imported from Argentina were being sold in 45 kilo sacks, the equiva- lent of 99.2 pounds in English weight. Test weights on one entire car and of one hundred sacks each from two other cars showed that the average weight was less than the 45 kilos stated, while the product was in some instances being sold as weighing 100 pounds to the sack. In accordance with Massachusetts law, the metric system cannot be used in marking the net weight of packages offered for sale unless the equivalent in pounds or ounces be stated in an equally conspicuous manner. It is understood that further shipments will carry 46 kilos (101.4 pounds) to the sack, which after deducting the weight of the sack itself will make the net about 100 pounds. Feeds found below guarantee, in terms of percentage: .'i Stock feeds . 2 3 Molasses horse feeds 3 2 Poultry mashes 4 3 Distillers grains . 1 Bone meals . 50.0% Wheat flour middlings . 5.5% Stock feeds . 17.4% Meat and bone scraps . 4.3% Cottonseed meal . 15.3% Dairy rations 3.3% Molasses horse feeds 8.7% Hominy feed 2.1% All other groups were found satisfactory. Of the cottonseed meals collected, 15.3 per cent were deficient in protein, not altogether a good record. As a group they are only exceeded by the stock feeds in variations from guarantee, 17.4 per cent of the stock feeds showing either deficiency in protein or fat or an excess of fiber. In most instances the stock 22 feeds were high in fiber, due to the attempt to include a maximum amount of oat hulls, which is a recognized constituent of stock feeds. Of the bone meals, 50 per cent were deficient, due almost entirely to a higher fat guarantee than could be consistently maintained. When it is recognized that bone meals are used almost entirely as a source of calcium and phosphorus it does not seem necessary to exaggerate the fat content. There were 305 samples of dairy feeds collected, of which only 3.3 per cent were below guarantee, an excellent showing. The poultry mashes showed 5.5 per cent deficiency, and the molasses horse feeds 8.7 per cent. Of the hominy feeds and wheat products collected, only one sample of each was below guaran- tee. In order to check possible adulteration of feeds not requiring a guarantee, a number of samples of ground oats and corn meal were collected and analyzed without the detection of adulteration in any of the samples collected. The collection of over 1,600 feed samples in the Massachusetts market with the finding of only 4^ per cent deficient in guarantee, and these in most cases not of a serious nature, indicates that the purchaser can feel reasonably sure of his purchases, and that the manufacturer and retailer with few exceptions are intent upon the delivery of standard goods of standard quality. Microscopic Analysis. Six hundred and ninety-three samples of prepared feeds were examined by Mr. McLaughlin, the microscopist. Of these, only eleven were found which did not conform to the declaration of ingredients in registration and guarantee. In a few instances registration and guarantee did not coincide and dealers are warned against using old tags where formulas have been changed unless the guarantee tag is corrected to conform to the formula. Attention is called to the following feeds which did not conform to guar- antees : J. Gushing Co. J. Gushing Go. Greene Ghick Feed Go. Horvitz Grain Go. Ontario Milling Go. Ontario Milling Go. W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc. G. P. Washburn Go. Wetherbee Grain Go. Best of All Dry Mash Quality Laying Mash Laymore Mash Make-M-Lay Laying Mash Oswego Fine Ghick Grains Aunt Mary's Fine Ghick Grains Puritan Ghick Feed Made Right Dairy Ration Laying Mash Alfalfa guaranteed, not found. Alfalfa guaranteed. Mere trace if any. Screenings present, not declared. Gharcoal present, not declared. Flaxseed and weed seed present, not declared. Flaxseed and weed seed present, not declared. Flax, Kafir and Millet seed present, not declared. In addition to declared ingredients contains other cereal by-product. Salt present, not declared. Mineral and Other Food Supplements. Scientific investigation has within the past few years discovered new facts relative to the ash or mineral content of feeds, particularly calcium, phosphorus and iodine, which have led many manufacturers to supplement their feeds with salts of calcium or phosphorus in order to supply elements which may be lack- ing, or present in insufficient amount to promote maximum growth or milk and egg production. It has been demonstrated that forage crops grown in certain localities are lacking in these essential elements, while in others they are present in abundance. For this reason it is believed that a feed cannot be mixed and sold over a wide area that will be exactly suited for the entire area, at least so far as the mineral elements are concerned. So-called mineral feeds, consisting 'of the necessary ash ingredients, are also extensively sold, particularly in the Middle West. Thus far their sale in New England has been limited and the Control Service has not examined those offered. Such mixtures are intended to supplement the feeds, either home grown or purchased, which enter into the ration. 23 The lack of iodine, a common element of sea water, is the cause of goiter and other glandular troubles, both in animals and human beings. This iodine deficiency can be remedied through the use of sea foods or the addition of very small amounts of iodine to common salt, a universal condiment; in fact, the presence of a trace of iodine in commercial salt is required by statute in certain states where goiter is epidemic. It is not believed that the addition of iodine to purchased foods or feeds is necessary along our Atlantic seaboard. The vitamins have probably attracted more attention in feeding science during recent years than any other single problem of nutrition. While much informa- tion has been obtained, our knowledge of vitamins is still slight and much remains to be done. At the present time the exact chemical composition of vitamins is not known. For some time the value of cod liver oil as a source of the growth producing vitamin A and the antirachitic vitamin D, which pre- vents leg weakness in growing chicks, has received especial emphasis. As a result the Experiment Station is frequently requested to determine the relative value of ditferent oils in vitamin content. A method for determining the vita- min A value of cod liver oil has been approved and given a place in the United States Pharmacopoeia. The index of comparison is the growth produced on young albino rats, previously fed vitamin A free ration, by the feeding over a stated time of the cod liver oil to be tested. The remainder of the ration is vitamin A free. There is no standard method for determining relative vitamin D value. The cost of equii:»ping and maintaining a biological labora- tory for this work is so great that the Experiment Station has not as yet thought it wise to establish such a laboratory. It is suggested that pqultrymen confine their purchase of cod liver oil to reputable manufacturers who test and guarantee their product. Feeders should not lose sight of the fact that the basic principles of good feeding practice have not been changed by our more recent knowledge of nutri- tion. Our newer knowledge merely elaborates without detracting from the fact that animals should have the proper proportions of carbohydrates, protein and fat in the rations fed, as laid down by earlier investigators who knew nothing of vitamins, ash deficiency, or the difference in proteins derived from different sources. 24 Average Analyses and Retail Prices of Unmixed By-Products. Nitro- Feedstuffs. Year.i Num- ber Sam- ples. Water. (Per Cent). ?'rotein (Per Cent). Fat (Per Cent). gen Free Ex- tract (Per Cent). Fiber (Per Cent). A.sh (Per Cent.) Price per Ton. Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal 1924 1925 1926 1927 100 55 62 98 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.2 38.4 39.0 39.7 39.2 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.1 30.0 29.7 29.6 29.1 11.6 11.6 11.1 11.2 6.1 6.0 5.6 6.2 S56 35 55 42 51 36 43 14 Linseed Meal . Linseed Meal . Linseed Meal . Linseed Meal . 1924 1925 1926 1927 15 16 18 24 8.5 8.2 8.7 9.0 33.2 33.9 35.4 34.6 6.7 7.1 6.5 6.4 37.7 37.4 36.9 37.2 8.2 8.2 7.8 7.6 5.7 5.2 4.7 5.2 55 46 56 87 58 00 57 08 Gluten Meal Gluten Meal Gluten Meal . Gluten Meal . 1924 1925 1926 1927 5 5 7 13 7.2 8.6 8.2 9.0 43.3 44.4 41.6 42.3 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.2 42.6 41.2 43.1 42.2 2.7 2.1 3.0 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 62 75 61 60 58 17 54 25 Gluten Feed . Gluten Feed . Gluten Feed . Gluten Feed . 1924 1925 1926 1927 22 24 21 38 8.6 7.6 8.6 9.4 25.3 25.7 25.7 25.7 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.8 51.6 51.7 51.1 49.9 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.0 4.0 4.5 4.7 5.2 52 42 51 29 49 63 45 22 Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard Middlings 1924 1925 1926 1927 35 30 29 47 9.4 9.2 9.6 10.3 16.8 17.0 17.2 17.4 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.4 56.0 56.2 56.1 55.2 7.7 7.3 7.0 7.2 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.5 41 15 40 55 41 26 40 13 Wheat Flour Middlings . Wheat Flour Middlings Wheat Flour Middlings Wheat Flour Middlings 1924 1925 1926 1927 10 10 21 18 9.8 9.8 10.0 10.1 17.0 16.7 17.1 17.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0 59.3 58.9 58.5 58.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 3.7 3.8 3.6 4.1 44 00 41 50 43 11 44 18 Red Dog Flour Red Dog Flour Red Dog Flour Red Dog Flour 1924 1925 1926 1927 12 11 11 15 10.4 9.8 10.5 10.9 16.7 16.9 16.8 17.6 4.0 4.9 4.6 4.5 64.4 63.0 62.8 62.1 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.7 46 67 50 78 52 14 51 79 Wheat Mixed Feed . Wheat Mixed Feed . Wheat Mixed Feed . Wheat Mixed Feed . 1924 1925 1926 1927 70 63 72 70 8.2 8.5 9.4 9.7 16.5 16.4 16.0 17.2 5.1 5.4 5.2 4.9 57.7 57.5 58.1 56.9 7.5 7.3 6.8 6.6 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.7 42 06 44 12 44 46 42 65 Wheat Bran . Wheat Bran Wheat Bran . Wheat Bran . 1924 1925 1926 1927 73 68 70 97 S.4 7.8 8.7 9.7 15.7 15.7 15.4 16.3 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.1 54.5 55.1 55.1 53.7 10.0 9.6 9.5 9.4 6.0 6.2 5.6 5.8 39 73 38 89 .39 36 39 63 Rye Feed Rye Feed Rye Feed Rye Feed 1924 1925 1926 1927 4 3 4 9.5 9.9 10.1 16.5 15.9 15.1 3.4 3.1 2.9 61.7 63.5 65.8 5.2 4.2 3.3 3.7 3.4 2.8 35 00 35 00 33 67 Corn Meal Corn Meal Corn Meal Corn Meal 1924 1925 1926 1927 10 17 25 19 11.6 12.1 12.6 11.8 9.2 8.9 9.1 9.2 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.9 72.4 72.5 71.0 71.2 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 44 44 54 35 45 86 41 00 Ground Oats . 1927 52 8.6 12.1 5.0 61.1 9.7 3.5 44 90 Hominy Feed . Hominy Feed . Hominy Feed . Hominy Feed . 1924 1925 1926 1927 37 41 37 47 8.5 8.5 9.2 9.4 10.8 10.9 10.7 10.8 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.6 67.2 67.5 67.3 66.4 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 45 74 54 77 43 15 41 82 Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp 1924 1925 1926 1927 11 12 12 11 7.4 7.0 7.0 9.6 8.8 9.1 9.4 9.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 60.4 61.4 60.1 57.4 18.3 18.4 18.7 19.3 4.4 3.3 4.0 3.5 47 64 50 55 50 09 49 09 Oat Feed Oat Feed Oat Feed Oat Feed 1924 1925 1926 1927 6 9 6 3 6.1 5.2 5.5 6.7 6.0 4.8 5.8 6.5 2.0 2.2 2.4 3.0 51.9 53.4 53.5 54.3 27.9 28.2 26.8 23.7 6.1 6.2 6.0 5.8 29 00 27 00 25 50 34 00 1 From September 1 to April 30 of each year. 25 Directory of Manufacturers Who Registered Feeding Stuffs for Sale in the State in 1927. E. T. Allen Co., Atlanta, Ga. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Linseed Co., 297 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Maize-Products Co., 41 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. American Milling Co., Peoria, 111. A. P. Ames Co., 10 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Avondale Alfalfa MiUing and Elevator Co., 432 Thatcher Bldg., Pueblo, Colo. Badger Grain & Feed Co., Milwaukee, Wis. E. W. Bailey & Co., Montpelier, Vt. Barber & Bennett, Inc., Albany, N. Y. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Big Diamond Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. (Registered by Commander Milling Co.) Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. Bolduc & Sons, 380 Sawyer St., New Bedford, Mass. Eugene B. Bowen, Cheshire, Mass. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Co., of North America.) F. W. Erode Corp., Memphis, Tenn. C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Buffalo Flour Mills Corp., 733 Chamber of Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain Co., Lynn, Mass. Caledonia Mills, Inc., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Camilla Cotton Oil Co., Camilla, Ga. Canada Linseed Oil Mills, Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Cereal Mills Co., Wausau, Wis. Chapin & Co., 327 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. Collis Products Co., Clinton, Iowa. Commander Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. (Registered also for Big Diamond Mills Co.) G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Consolidated Rendering Co., Boston, Mass. Owen Coogan & Sons, Pittsfield, Mass. Copeland Flour Mills, Ltd., Midland, Ontario, Canada. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery PI., New York, N. Y. J. B. Cover & Co., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Maney Milling Co., Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., and Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd.) Crosby Milling Co., Brattleboro, Vt. Howard A. Grossman Co., 35 Chapel St., Needham, Mass. Cunningham Grain Co., Maiden, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Middleboro, Mass. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. (Registered by St. Albans Grain Co.) S. P. Davis, Little Rock, Ark. J. W. Day & Co., 145 Oxford St., Lynn, Mass. Decatur Milling Co., Decatur, 111. Delaware Mills, Inc., 88 Front St., Deposit, N. Y. Denver Alfalfa Milling & Products Co., Lamar, Colo. F. Dielil & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. P. A. Doherty, 26 Central St., Peabody, Mass. Domestic Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. Dominion Flour Mills, Ltd., 300 St. Ambroise St., Montreal, Canada. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Duluth-Superior Milling Co., 620 Board of Trade, Duluth, Minn. Duluth Universal Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. J. L. Dunnell & Son, Bernardston, Mass. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers' Exchange, Inc., East Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern Grain Co., Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. Elevator Milling Co., Springfield, 111. Elmore Milling Co., Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Empire MiUing Co., Minneapolis, Minn. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Pa. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Fairmont Creamery Co., Omaha, Neb. Frank A. Fales & Co., 119 Railroad Ave., Norwood, Mass. Federal Mill & Elevator Co., Inc., Lockport, N. Y. Fleischmann Co., Chicago, 111. William F. Fletcher, Southwick, Mass. ' Flory Milling Co., Inc., Bangor, Pa. A. W. Forbes, Rockdale Mills, Housatonic, Mass. Fred A. Fountain, Taunton, Mass. L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. E. & A. M. FuUerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. Gait Flour Mills, Ltd., Toronto, Canada. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. Gilmore Grain Co., 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. 26 Glen MiUs Cereal Co., Newburyport, Mass. Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co., Ltd., Gloucester, Mass. D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Grange Co., Modesto, Cal. (Registered by Louis E. Page.) Greene Chick Feed Co., Marblehead, Mass. Hales & Hunter Co., Chicago, 111. Halstead Milling & Elevator Co., Newton, Kan. Frank B. Ham & Co., Ltd., 1506 Royal Bank Bldg., Toronto, 2, Canada. William Hamilton & Son, Inc., Caledonia, N. Y. Hecker-H-0 Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 503 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 40 Corlears St., New York, N. Y. Hennepin Mill Co., Minneapolis, Minn. W. D. Higgins Co., 14 Melrose St., Framingham, Mass. Highland Mills Co., Inc., Newton Highlands, Mass. Hinckley Rendering Co., SomerviUe, Mass. Hirst & Begley Linseed Works, Chicago, lU. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Rockport, Mass. Home Soap Co., 103 Webster St., Worcester, Mass. E. C. & W. L. Hopkins, Inc., Greenfield, N. H. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. Hoyland Flour Mills Co., Kansas City, Mo. Hubbard Milling Co., Mankato, Minn. J. C. Hubinger Bros. Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Innis, Speiden & Co., Inc., 46 CUff St., New York, N. Y. International Agricultural Corp., Columbus, Ga. International Glue Co., East Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. International Sugar Feed Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Jaquith & Co., 305 Main St., Woburn, Mass. Kansas Flour Mills Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y Kelloggs & Miller, Amsterdam, N. Y. I. H. Kent Co., Inc., Fallon, Nev. H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. King Midas Mill Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Chas. A. Krause MUling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Larabee Flour Mills Co., 305 Board of Trade Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Larrowe Milling Co., Detroit, Mich. Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Co., Lawrenceburg, Ind. Louisville Milling Co., Inc., Louisv-ille, Ky. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., North Billerica, Mass. Maney Milling Co., Omaha, Neb. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Mann Bros. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Mansfield Hatchery Co., 211 School St., Mansfield, Mass. Mansfield Milling Co., P. O. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Toronto, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Marbleridge Grain Co., North Andover, Mass. Marianna Sales Co., 512 Falls Bldg., Memphis, Tenn. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., Lynn, Mass. C. J. Martenis Grain Co., L-3 Produce Exchange, New York, N. Y. Mayflower Grain Products Co., 16 Lane St., Waltham, Mass. W. T. McLaughlin Co., 16 Railroad St., West Roxbury, Mass. Meech & Stoddard, Inc., Middletown, Conn. MeUin's Food Co. of North America, 177 State St., Boston, Ma.ss. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros.) Memphis Cottonseed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn. J. E. Merrick & Co., Amherst, Mass. Midland Flour Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. Miner-Hillard MiUing Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Minneapolis Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Montana Flour Mills Co., Great Falls, Mont. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. Jas. F. Morse & Co., Boston, Mass. Moseley & Motley Milling Co., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milling Co., Mt. Vernon, Ind. Narragansett MiUing Co., East Providence, R. I. National Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. R. N. Neal & Co., Inc., Memphis, Tenn. New England By-Products Corp., West St., Lawrence, Mass. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 174 SomerviUe Ave., SomerviUe, Mass. New England Rendering Co., Brighton, Mass. Newman Bros. Grain Co., Rochester, N. Y. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Newton Feed Co., Box 683, Milwaukee, Wis. Niagara FaUs Milling Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Norton Tallow Co., SomerviUe, Mass. Nowak Milling Corp., Hammond, Ind. James H. Nye Co., Brockton, Mass. Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Ontario MiUing Co., Inc., Oswego, N. Y. Louis E. Page, 469 Rutherford Ave., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Grange Co.) Park & Pollard Co., Inc., 356 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtucket, R, I. Pecos Valley Alfalfa Mill Co., Hagerman, N. Mex. 27 Penick & Ford, Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Piel Bros. Starch Co., P. O. Box 1299, IndianapolLs, Iiid. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Poetum Co., Inc., Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc., Greenfield, Mass. Prairie State Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Pratt Food Co., Bufifalo Mills, Bufifalo, N. Y. Pratt Food Co., Hammond, Ind. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills. (Registered by Ralston Purina Co.) Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, III. Quisenberry Feed Mfg. Co., 95 Kentucky St., Buffalo, N. Y. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. (Registered for Purina Mills.) E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co., Indianapolis, Ind. John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge, Mass. George H. Reed, South Acton, Mass. Robin Hood Mills Ltd., Moose Jaw and Calgarj', Canada. Ropes Brothers, Salem and Danvers, Mass . Rosenbaum Bros., Chicago, 111. (Registration changed to Vitality Mills, Inc.) N. Roy & Son, South Attleboro, Mass. Royal Milling Co., Great Falls, Mont. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Ryde & Co., Chicago, 111. Ryther & Warren, Belchertown, Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. (Registered also for Cutler Grain Co.) St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. St. Paul Milling Co., St. Paul, Minn. Scholl Co., 1060 Broad St., Newark, N. J. B. F. Schwartz & Co., Inc., 2 Broadway, New York, N. Y. John Shea, 61 Railroad St., Lawrence, Mass. Sherwin-Williams Co., 601 Canal Rd., Cleveland, Ohio. Shredded Wheat Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Allen V. Smith, Marcellus Falls, N. Y. Southwestern Milling Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. H. C. Southworth, West Stoughton, Mass. Spratt's Patent (America) Ltd., 18 Congress St., Newark, N. J. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111. Star & Crescent Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. State Mill & Elevator Assn., Grand Forks, N. Dak. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Hagerstown, Md. F. W. Stock & Sons, HiUsdale, Mich. David Stott Flour Mills, Inc., Detroit, Mich. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. J. A. Sturges & Co., Easthampton, Mass. Sunnyside Alfalfa Milling Co., Sunnyside, Wash. Swift & Co., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. C. H. Symmes, Winchester, Mass. Syracuse Milhng Co., P. O. Box 141, Syracuse, N. Y. Tennant & Hoyt Co., Lake City, Minn. Thompson Milling Co., Lockport, N. Y. Thornton & Chester Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Tioga-Empire Feed Mills Inc., Waverly, N. Y. Traders Feed & Grain Co., Inc., 731 Chamber Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. Ubiko Milling Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Union Starch & Refining Co., Columbus, Ind. (Registered by Union Sales Corp.) Universal By-Products Co., 215 Front St., San Francisco, Cal. Upper Hudson Rye Flour Mills, Inc., Troy, N. Y. George Urban Milling Co., 332 North Oak St., Buffalo, N. Y. Van Vechten Milling Co., Inc., Rochester, N. Y. Victor Flour Mills, Inc., Pittsford, N. Y. Vitality Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. (Formerly registered as Rosenbaum Bros.) Ward Dry Milk Co., St. Paul, Minn. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Washburn Crosby Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Wayland Grain Co., Inc., Wayland, Mass. H. K. Webster Co., West St., Lawrence, Mass. West Bay City Sugar Co., Bay City, Mich. Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Toronto, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) West-Nesbitt, Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Wetherbee Grain Co., Gardner, Mass John J. White Co., 102 A St., South Boston, Mass. Arthur N. Whittemore & Co., Worcester, Mass. Whittemore Co., 35 Harrison St., Roslindale, Mass. Wilkinson Grain Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Estate of M. G. Williams, Taunton, Mass. Wilson & Co., 4100 South Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. A. K. Zinn & Co., Battle Creek, Mich. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 41 DECEMBER, 1927 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS By H. D. Haskins, L. S. Walker and M. W. Goodwin 191100 P^^liP'^i^^'*^^ S1]0SU^3^«^1!W This, the fifty-fourth report of the Massachusetts FertiliJTeii- tintrol, shows a larger number of brands inspected than in any previous year, and nearly a 9 per cent increase over 1926. This also holds true for tonnage sold, there being nearly 7,500 tons more of mixed fertilizers and 5,300 tons more of unmixed fertilizers than during the previous year. The "New England Standard Nine" group comprised 9 per cent more of the tonnage of mixed goods than during 1926. Of the mixed fertiUzers, 70 per cent showed an over- run in all three elements of plant food; and most of the deficiencies shown by the remaining 30 per cent were balanced by an overrun in the other ele- ments, so that but few brands showed a commercial shortage. While this is a great improvement over the previous season, there are indications that 14 per cent of the larger manufacturers are not allowing a sufficient margin of overruns in the three plant food elements. The quality of the plant food offered during the year has been fully up to the average. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication or this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance ; 3M l-'28 Order 913 2 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS THE SEASON OF 1927. FOR BY H. D. HASKINS, Official Chemist, assisted by L. S. WALKER i and M. W. GOODWIN.^ MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS. For the season of 1927, 105 manufacturers and their subsidiaries, importers and dealers have registered in Massachusetts 365 brands of mixed fertihzers and 223 brands of unmixed fertilizing materials. These are grouped as follows: Complete fertilizers . . . . . Ammoniated superphosphates . Superphosphate with potash . Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish . Chemicals and organic nitrogen compounds Wood ashes ...... Pulverized manures . . . . . Stone meal ...... 360 3 2 62 135 4 21 1 588 On account of the limited tonnage of some brands that were sold but which had been applied to the soil before the arrival of the sampling agent, no samples were drawn for inspection purposes. Some of the chemicals were not sold in the unmixed condition but were used in special mixtures. Such materials, although subject to registration, were not available for sampling. The f oUomng registered brands were not sampled : Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. Manuf.vctcrer and Brand. Grade. MANt)r.^.CTURER AND BrAND. Grade. American Agricultural Chemi- L. T. Frisbie Co. cal Co. Frisbie's Corn & Grain Fertilizer 2-10-2 Agrico Fertilizer for Grain 2-12-4 Frisbie's Market Garden '4-8-7 Chesapeake 5-8-7 Fertilizer . 5-8-7 Frisbie's Special 3-8-4 Country Club Golf & Lawn Frisbie's Special Vegetable and Brand B . . . . 8-5-3 Potato Grower . 4-8-4 Maryland 3-8-4 Fertilizer 3-8-4 Frisbie's Tobacco Grower 5-4-5 Maryland 4-8-4 Fertilizer 4-8-4 Frisbie's Tobacco Manure 5-8-6 Maryland 8-6-6 Fertilizer 8-6-6 Frisbie's Top Dresser 7-6-5 Patapsco 3-10-6 Fertilizer 3-10-6 Frisbie's 5-8-7 5-8-7 Patapsco 4-6-10 Fertilizer 4-6-10 Princess Fertilizer . 0-10-5 International Agricultural Sanderson's Potato Manure 3-8-4 Corp. Connecticut Valley Special Two-In-One Fertilizer 8-16-8 7-6-5 Multiple Strength . 4-24-4 Apothecaries Hall Co. Special 2-8-2 2-8-2 Bone and Meat Tankage 4-20-0 Sulfate of Potash . 0-0-48 Manure Salts 0-0-20 Nitrate of Soda & Potash 18-0-10 Jarecki Chemical Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Jarecki's Fertilizer 4-8-4 4-8-4 Armour's Big Crop Fertilizer . Armour's Big Crop Superphos- phate .... 2-9-3 0-20-0 Jarecki's Acid Phosphate Jarecki's Bone Meal Muriate of Potash . 0-16-0 3-22-0 0-0-48 Castor Pomace 5 . 5-0-0 Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. E. D. Chittenden Co. Old Process Linseed Meal 6.61-0-0 Chittenden's Valley Wrapper Brand .... High Grade Sulfate of Potash . 6-3-5 0-0-48 Pawtucket Rendering Co. Pawtucket 5-8-5 . 5-8-5 John C. Dow Co. 6% Ground Fertilizer Tankage 6-14-0 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Kainit ..... 0-0-12.4 R. & J. Farquhar Co. Pure Raw Bone Meal 4.5-21.5-0 Sheep Manure 1-.85-1.5 Sheep Manure 2-1^2 I Resigned May 15. ' E. W. Martin and E. J. Schmidt assisted in the phosphoric acid laboratory about two and one-half months, and J. W. Kuzmeski in the nitrogen laboratory about three months. Brands of Fertilizer Registerec but Not Sampled — Concluded. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. Swift & Co. Fertilizer Works Muriate of Potash . 0-0-50 Vigoro ..... 4-12-4 Nitrate of Soda 18.24-0-0 Tankage .... 10-4.57-0 William Thomsori & Sons, Ltd. Special Topdressing Manure . 4.86-7-2.5 Wessel, Duval & Co. Nitrate of Soda 18.08-0-0 United States Guano Co. Royal Potato Grower 4-8-7 Standard United States 5 X 10 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. X7 . 5-10-7 Ground Blood & Meat Tankage 9-4.5-0 16% Acid Phosphate 0-16-0 Ground Steamed Bone . 3-22-0 Bone Meal .... 4.5-22-0 Nitrate of Soda & Potash 17.9-0-11.8 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. As usual, four sampling agents were employed for this work, beginning April 1 and closing about June 9. Some stray samples that were not secured during this time were sampled later after reports had been received as to where sales had been made. Territories were assigned as follows: James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden and Hampshire counties; George H. Kelton, Worcester County; Thomas A. Hamilton, Bristol, Norfolk, Plymouth and Barnstable coun- ties; Percy Milbery, Essex, Middlesex and Suffolk counties. The following statistics are noted with reference to the season's fertilizer col- lection: 19,019 sacks were sampled, representing 6,358 tons of fertilizing materials; 284 towns were visited; 1,634 samples, representing 533 distinct brands, were drawn from stock found in the possession of 594 agents or owners. At 280 other agencies no samples were drawn, 27 having discontinued selling, and others having no stocks on hand when visited by the sampling agent. COMPARATIVE COST OF FERTILIZER CHEMICALS AND UNMIXED PRODUCTS. The wholesale quotations on fertilizer chemicals and unmixed fertilizing ma- terials did not show a wide range in fluctuation during the six months preceding March 1, 1927. Ammonium sulfate and nitrate of soda showed a small decline, tankage and fish remained about the same, while cottonseed meal showed a de- crease of nearly $8 per ton as compared with the preceding year. There was a slight decline in the price of acid phosphate, while ground bone registered an advance of nearly $3 per ton. Potash salts sold for nearly $1 per ton in advance of the average for 1926. As this goes to print, quotations in the trade journals show the mineral sources of nitrogen selling for considerably less than the average for the six months ending March 1, 1927. These declines vary per ton from $1.50 in case of ammonium sulfate and nitrate of soda to $2.80 for calcium nitrate and $12.35 for ammonium sulfate-nitrate. The organic nitrogen containing substances, on the other hand, are showing a corresponding increase in cost, varying from $6 in case of tankage to $13.90 for fertilizer blood, $11.50 for dry ground fish and $9.50 for cottonseed meal. Ground bone also shows an advance of $4.40, and potash salts of the higher grade register an advance of about 50 cents per ton. Acid phosphate is selling for about $1 less per ton than for the six months ending March 1, 1927. But for the fact that during the past year price slashing for cash trade seemed to be the general custom, present trade quotations would not indicate that the cost of mixed fertilizers for 1928 should be much in advance of prices which prevailed in 1927. The following average quotations were compiled from data secured from the trade journals, "Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter" and "Chemical Markets." Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Raw Materials. Nature of Material. Average Price per Ton FOR Six Months Pre- ceding March 1. 1926. 1927. Ammonium sulfate (double bags f. a. s. New York) Nitrate of soda (15.6% nitrogen) crude, 95%, bags .... Calcium nitrate (15.5% nitrogen, 28% lime), bags, northern ports Ammonium sulfate-nitrate (26% nitrogen), bags, northern ports Dried blood (12.34% nitrogen) f. o. b. New York .... Tankage (8.23% nitrogen, 6.86% PzOs), bulk. New York Dry ground fish (9.05% nitrogen, 6.86% P2O6), bags, f. 0. b. Baltimore Cottonseed meal (5.76% nitrogen), f. 0. b. mills, bags Ground steamed bone (2.47% nitrogen, 22.88% P2O6) Acid phosphate (16% P206),f. 0. b. Baltimore, bulk .... Muriate of potash (50.54% K2O) in bags ..... High grade sulfate of potash (48.65% K2O) in bags Kainit (14% K2O) in bags $57 08 52 26 47 50 69 20 61 32 43 98 51 24 32 42 29 75 9 90 34 85 45 85 10 44 $50 70 50 44 49 54 69 20 59 58 44 05 51 64 24 54 32 631 9 48 35 83 46 74 12 00 1 F. o. b. New York. The Massachusetts Fertilizer Control adopted the following fertilizer trade values for 1927. They represent the average wholesale quotation for the six months ending March 1, plus 20 per cent for overhead, proper allowance being made for bags and labor where buUc quotations are given. Where shipping point is outside of New England and New York, allowance is also made for freight. Fertilizer Trade Values for 1927. Form of Plant Food. Value per Pound. Unit Value. Nitrogen . In ammonia salts .......... $0 15 $3 00 In nitrates ............ 19 3 80 Organic nitrogen in fish, blood and meat ...... 33 6 60 Organic nitrogen in fine' bone and tankage ...... 33 6 60 Organic nitrogen in coarse' bone and tankage and sheep manure 26 5 20 Organic nitrogen in mixed fertilizers ....... 30 6 00 Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. .... 30 6 00 Phosphoric Acid. Soluble in water ........... 06 1 20 Reverted^ ............ 05 1 00 In fine bone and tankage and in fish ....... 05 1 00 In coarse bone and tankage and in sheep manure and ashes 04 80 In cottonseed and other vegetable meals ...... 04 80 Insoluble in mixed fertilizers ........ 02 40 Potash. As sulfate ............ 0575 1 15 As muriate ............ 0425 85 In pulverized manures, seed residues, and total in ashes .... 04 80 As carbonate ........... 11 2 20 • Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which, without grinding, will pass through a sieve having circular openings '/m of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to particles which will not pass through the sieve. 2 Dissolved by a neutral solution of ammonium citrate, specific gravity 1.09, in accordance with official method adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of North America. FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Total Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in Massachusetts. July 1, 1924. to July 1, 1925. July 1, 1925, to July 1, 1926. July 1. 1926, to July 1, 1927. Mixed fertilizers ...... Pulverized natural manures .... Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed 44,980 2,195 15,481 39,100 3,103 16,717 46,574 3,445 21.715 Totals 62,656 58,920 71,734 There were 12,814 tons more fertilizer sold in 1927 than during the previous season, and 5,748 tons more than during 1922 when the next largest yearly tonnage was recorded. The followng tables show the distribution of the tonnage of mixed fertilizers by grade, grouped as high- and low-analysis mixtures. (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or More of High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or More op Available Plant Food). Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands.! Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' 5-8-7 .... 11,897 42 8-16-8 .... 124 _ 4-8-4 9,930 41 5-6-5 . 123 — 3-8-4 3,519 23 4-16-4 . 114 — 5-4-5 3,410 18 5-8-10 . 113 — 4-6-10 2,587 19 7-4-6 . 109 — 4-8-7 1,705 19 3-7-16 . 98 — 8-6-6 1,224 12 4-10-4 . 96 — 3-10-4 814 5 5-4-15 . 93 — 6-6-4 767 6 5-7-10 . 92 — 7-6-5 620 11 4-6-4 . 88 — 2-9-3 565 9 8-16-20 87 — 7-4-7 523 — 3-8-10 . 82 — 4-8-10 492 — 6-5-5 . 80 — 3-8-6 464 — 2-10-4 . 63 — 10-3-8 445 — 3-9-2 . 61 — 5-10-5 398 5 6-8-12 . 59 — 6-8-7 352 — 10-4-2 . 57 — 10-16-14 328 5 5-5-5 . 44 — 1-9-4 327 5 1-10-3 . 42 — 2-10-2 258 8 6-10-18 30 — 6-8-5 223 — 4.5-10-7 28 — 3-10-6 223 — 6-9-6 . 27 — 3-12-3 214 — 6-8-2 . 27 — 2-8-10 211 — 6-7-5 . 25 — 3-8-3 210 - 4-8-6 . 22 — 2-12-4 201 6 8-12-20 21 — 6-3-5 196 10-8-8 . 20 — 6-3-4 191 — 7-9-4 . 20 — 7-4-14 185 — 8-7-3 . 19 — 6-4-4 173 — 6-4-7 . 19 — 5-8-5 153 — 5-9-5 . 15 — 3-5-6 149 — 8-6-8 . 15 — 4-7-5 138 — Miscellaneous 330 30 6-8-10 136 Special mixtures 40 - Totals 45,518 346 Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' 2-8-2 .... 3-6-4 .... 3-. 25-3 .... 5-6-1 .... 4-7-2 .... 1-4-5 .... 547 135 73 53 50 42 9 2.4-3.25-3.5 4-4-3 .... Miscellaneous Totals . 15 14 9 - 938 21 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash. High-Analysis (14 Per Cent or More of Available Plant Food). Low-Analysis (Less than 14 Per Cent of Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' 0-12-5 .... 6-15-0 .... 4-10-0 .... 8-6-0 .... 29 8 5 1 - 10-3-0 .... 5-1-0 .... 2.5-9-0 Totals . 39 24 12 - Totals 43 4 75 3 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials. Material. Tonnage. Brands. 1 Acid phosphate '........ 5,727 22 Cottonseed meal 3,980 15 Nitrate of soda 3,242 21 Ground bone . 2,387 31 Ammonium sulfate 1,278 15 Castor pomace . 1,077 10 Muriate of potash 983 18 Tankage . 597 20 Dry ground fish • 526 12 Wood ashes 451 — Basic slag phosphate 290 - High grade sulfate of potash 284 13 Organic ammoniate . 125 — Linseed meal 124 — Nitrate of lime 120 — Stone meal 110 — Humus (dried peat) 83 - Precipitated bone 76 — Ammonium phosphate 71 — Sulfate of potash-magnesia 58 — Carbonate of potash . 57 — Synthetic urea . 25 — Blood tankage . 13 — Dried blood 10 — Manure salts 10 — Kainit 5 — Nitrate of soda and potash 5 — Phosphate rock, ground 1 - Totals 21,715 202 1 The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. The following facts are disclosed by a study of the preceding tables: 1. About 65 per cent of the total tonnage sold was mixed goods, and 35 per cent unmixed fertilizing materials. This is about the same proportion as for 1926. 2. Of the 46,574 tons of mixed fertilizers sold, 99.75 per cent were complete fertilizers and .25 per cent were ammonialed superphosphates and superphosphates with potash. 3. Of the 46,456 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 98 per cent were high- analysis (14 per cent or more of available plant food), and 2 per cent were low- analysis fertilizers (less than 14 per cent of available plant food). This shows an increase over 1926 of 1 per cent in favor of the high-analysis fertilizers. 4. Of the 45,518 tons of high-analj^sis complete fertilizers, 89.25 per cent were furnished by 20 grades and 240 brands, and about 82.5 per cent were furnished by 12 grades and 209 brands. 5. Fifty-eight per cent of the low-anal j^sis complete fertilizer tonnage was furnished by one grade (2-8-2) comprising 9 brands, and about 73 per cent was furnished by 2 grades and 10 brands. There were 275 tons less of low-analysis complete fertilizers sold during the season than for the previous 3^ear. 6. The tonnage of fertilizer simples was distributed as follows : nitrogen products, 52 per cent; phosphoric acid products, 40 per cent; and potash products, 8 per cent. Distribution of Tonnage as Related to the "New England Standard Nine" Grades of Mixed Fertilizer, Additional Tonnage "New England Standard Nine" Grades. Tonnage. from Grades varying but 1% in One or more Plant Foods. Total. 5-8-7 12,2251 2,084 14,309 4-8-4 10,4522 4,173 14,625 5-4-5 3,410 684 4,094 8-6-6 1,224 620 1.844 3-10-4 814 724 1,538 3-10-6 223 28 251 2-12-4 201 214 415 4-8-6 22 770 792 0-12-6 none 29 29 Totals 28,571 9,326 37,897 1 Including 328 tons of double strength 10-16-14. 2 Including 398 tons of 5-10-5, and 124 tons of double strength 8-16-8. A comparison of these tabulated data with those of 1926 shows not only that there was a larger tonnage of the "New England Standard Nine" grades sold in 1927, but also that a larger percentage of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers sold was among these grades. In round numbers, 61.3 per cent of the total ton- nage of mixed fertilizers was among the "Standard Nine" grades, as compared with 52 per cent for 1926; and 20 per cent additional tonnage was from grades varying but one per cent in one or more plant food elements. Over 22 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was from seven grades not recommended in the "New England Standard Nine." One of these, the 3-8-4 grade, had the third largest tonnage of any grade sold. The 4-6-10 had the fifth largest, the 4-S-7 had the sixth largest, and the 6-6-4 had the ninth largest ton- nage of any grade sold. Of the nine most popular brands sold, judging from the tonnage, only five were members of the "New England Standard Nine" group. MIXED FERTILIZERS. Summary of Deficiencies. Assuming that the Control Service was successful in sampling a sufficient ton- nage of the several brands to fairly represent each firm, the following table records the extent to which each manufacturer was able to maintain his minimum guarantee and to furnish goods not lacking in commercial valuation, summaries being based on tests for nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash. The table records also the number of brands sampled and analyzed. Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Number of Brands. Number of Test.s or Determinations. n.ak ^ 1 53i t1 1 o a -g 3 S V* 03 6i >>c^ «^ ^^ 1^ fSi Manufactubeh. oximatel Guara mmercia n. .2 ^ 13 -. g- c3 •5^ £ a ■ Gj a ■ "'S „; m.2 '3 %a6§ C3 o |ol fe fli o < ■< H •z m m :s American Agricultural Chemical Co. 81 79 243 20 7 1 4 American Chemical Specialties Co. . 3 3 9 0 0 0 0 American Soda Products Co. . 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Apothecaries Hall Co. . 12 12 36 3 1 1 0 Armour Fertilizer Works 14 14 42 4 2 0 0 Atlantic Packing Co. 3 3 9 0 0 1 1 Barrie Laboratories, Inc. 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Beach Soap Co. .... 4 4 11 1 0 0 0 Berkshire Chemical Co. 10 10 30 2 0 0 0 Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc. 1 1 3 5 0 0 0 C. & R. Sales Co 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 E. D. Chittenden Co. . 9 9 27 3 0 0 0 Clay & Son 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc. . 1 1 3 0 0 1 0 John C. Dow Co. 3 3 9 1 0 0 0 Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp. 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . 11 11 33 3 2 0 1 Essex Fertilizer Co. 8 8 24 1 0 0 0 Excell Laboratories 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 H. L. Frost & Co. 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Grasselli Chemical Co. . 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Greene & Co. .... 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Thomas Hersom & Co. . 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 International Agricultural Corp. 24 24 71 4 1 1 1 Henry James & Son, Inc. 5 5 15 0 0 1 0 Jarecki Chemical Co. 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Lucas Kil-Tone Co. 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Lowell Fertilizer Co. 9 9 27 3 1 0 0 Mapes Formula & PeruvianGuanoCo. 14 14 42 1 2 0 0 A. G. Markham & Co. . 4 4 12 0 0 0 1 McCallum Co. .... 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 Miller FertiUzer Co. . 3 3 9 1 0 0 2 Mitchell Fertihzer Co. . 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 New England Fertilizer Co. . 4 4 12 0 0 0 0 ' Where several analyses of the same brand occur an average is secured and recorded in case of deficiencies as well as for total number of tests or determinations. 8 Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers — Concluded. Manufacturer. Number of Brands. S3 01 >^ a o K c !? n ° = Number of Tests or Determinations. Si lO lO NNCOOO ■* 9« •puTioj[ Jfl|WO0> l^ U 0 <2 K oooo o oooo o ■p88;n'Bj'BnQ O CO CO CO CO o K rtrH rt OO t (N CO c 0 P-i oo^cj lo 00 •pnno^ Tf tfO lO QQ Z£i H 1^ l-( ,_( u 4> • ooooc; en IN & 25 •p^^:^UBJ'cnQ iO lO CI CM (N V (1) CD d) 0) ai in tr. r,i £ 0 mvM. JO X'jiiBn^ ^ c3 c3 c^ 03 PhPLiPhPh PL, •UIIO^ \T319 „ s „ = (S h 0 CO -nTp\[ ui notjjodojj ^S^;?-S- < 00OIOU5 (M •8an'}stoj\[ t^OOOO C5 COiCOJO t^ !s 'o •nox J3d sSiJ^JO^g OCCOCD lO 4> I'BioaanmioQ e^Buaixoiddv ^ro-HO . CO ^ ^ ^ -2-2 c •a M c3 e! te o v CT) ^ ^-0 O 03 h a> aj--=i -t^ 3 02 1 2 ■* 2 P5 pq "(3 ;ss n 1 O • • • r5 • n W O £ v o u « 5 pLife x-3 §6 0 ;? a s ■ DC 4-1 0 Z 4J 3 3 o "to 3 O •M h 4) W 13 bS •paa^tmsjBriQ •punoj; •paa^nBaunQ •pnno^ ■paa^n'Bjisno •pnno^ (OCOCO OOO OCOOO -=5 •paa'jn'BJBno •pntio^ •UiaOJ p3J3 •nTi\[ ui nopjodojj •SltHSTO^ O QJ (U.2 a a a S M to M tSSSS W Q) ^ a) 4J 03 C3 03 p fi a to m en 4J o3 0} c3 "WWW u « a M) 00 00 (DOS N'T oo ootd lOO 2 "-"^ NO Mco w §^ I I I I d o 13 03 • 03 03 >;: u f,3 ■ad 3 1. s^ 03 d 5§ c30 14 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufactuker and Brand. Propor- tion in Quality of Water Form of Potash. Mineral Insoluble Form. Organic. American Agricultural Chemical Co. A A Potato Grower (3)i .... 5-7-10 Vio Passed Muriate Acme Fertilizer (3)2 ..... 1-9-4 i-i Passed Muriate Agrico Fertilizer for Corn (2) . 3-10-6 U Passed Muriate Agrico Fertilizer for Potatoes (3) 4-8-6 3i Passed Muriate Agrico Fertilizer for Truck (1) . 5-10-5 % Passed Muriate Aroostook Potato Manure (4) . 5-8-7 '/lO Passed Muriate Bowker's All Round Fertilizer (11)- . 3-8-4 % Passed Muriate Bowker's Lawn & Garden Dressing (3)^ 5-8-7 *u Passed Muriate Bowker's Market Garden Fertilizer (9) 4-8-4 Vs Passed Muriate Bowker's Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (6)" 2-9-3 Vs Passed Muriate Bowker's Square Brand Corn & Grain Fertilizer (6) 2-8-2 Vi Passed Muriate Bowker's Stockbridge Early Cro" Manure (10) 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Bowker's Stockbridge Hill & Drill Fertilizer(2) 4-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Bowker's Stockbridge Potato & Vegetable Manure (5)- ...... 4-6-10 M Passed Muriate Bowker's Stockbridge Tobacco Manure (2)= . 5-4-5 M Passed s'lu sulfate' Bowker's Sure Crop Fertilizer (3) 1-9-4 'A Passed Muriate Bradley's Blood Bone & Potash (9)= . 5-8-7 H Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Manure for Potatoes & Vegetables (9) 4-8-7 % Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Manure with 10% Potash (8)2 4-6-10 % Passed Muriate Bradley's Complete Tobacco Manure (3)2 . 5-4-5 M Passed Vio sulfate' Bradley's Corn Phosphate (11)» 2-8-2 Vs Passed Muriate Bradley's Eclipse Fertilizer (6)2 . 1-9-4 Yh Passed Muriate Bradley's Northland Potato Grower (5)2 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate Bradley's Potato Fertilizer (.5)2 . 2-9-3 V2 Passed Muriate Bradley's Potato Manure (4)2 . 3-8-4 yi Passed Muriate Bradley's XL Superphosphate of Lime (9)2 . 3-10-4 3/5 Passed Muriate Breck's Lawn & Garden Dressing (1) . 6-6-4 ^'5 Passed Muriate Breck's Market Garden Manure (1) . 4-8-7 Vi Passed Muriate Complete General Fertilizer (2) . 3-8-4 % Passed Muriate Complete Manure with 10% Potash (3) 4-6-10 '/lO Passed Muriate Co-Op 4-6-10 (3) 4-6-10 Vi Passed Muriate Co-Op 4-8-4 (3)-' 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate Co-Op 5-8-7 (6)2 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Co-Op 8-6-6 (2)2 8-6-6 ^6 Passed Muriate Co-Op 10-16-14 (3) 10-16-14 Vio Passed Muriate Corn Favorite (2) 3-10-6 Vi Passed Muriate Country Club Golf & Lawn Fertilizer Brand A (1) 8-4-2 V4, Passed 2/5 sulfate' Cranberry Fertilizer (2) . 6-6-4 *!s Passed Muriate Double A Tobacco Fertilizer (1) 5-4-5 1/5 Passed 9/10 sulfate' Double Strength Fertilizer (1) . 10-16-14 *'l, Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Blue Brand (1) . 3-10-4 H Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Celebrated Fertilizer (2) 4-8-4 H Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Columbian Corn & Potato Fertilizer (4) ..... 2-9-3 V2 Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Connecticut Wrapper Grower (1) . 5-8-5 Vs Passed Vio sulfate' E. Frank Coe's Gold Brand Fertilizer (1) . 3-8-4 M Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Potato & Truck Manure (5) 5-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Red Brand Fertilizer (2) 4-8-7 H Passed Muriate E. Frank Coe's Standard Potato Fertilizer (3) 4-6-10 Vxo Passed Muriate Farmers' Friend (1) . 2-12-4 Vio Passed Muriate Farquhar's Lawn Fertilizer (1) . 6-6-4 Vio Passed Muriate Farquhar's Vegetable & Potato Fertilizer (1) 4-8-7 Vi Passed Muriate General Crop FertiUzer (1) 2-9-3 Vi Passed Muriate Grass & Lawn Top Dressing (13)2 6-6-4 H Passed Muriate Hercules Top Dresser (3) . 7-6-5 *h Passed Muriate Hi-Grade Tobacco Manure (2) . 7-4-7 Vs Passed Vio sulfate' Maryland Five-Eight-Seven (2) 5-8-7 V3 Passed Muriate Matchless Fertilizer (5) . 2-8-2 Vi Passed Muriate Monarch Fertilizer (1) . 4-9-4 Vi Passed Muriate National Aroostook Special Fertilizer (6)2 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate National Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (4)2 . . 5-4-5 1/5 Passed Vio sulfate' National Market Garden Fertilizer (5)2 3-8-4 sy. Passed Muriate National Pine Tree State Potato Fertilizer (6)2 4-8-4 ?l Passed Muriate National Premier Potato Manure (2)2 . 4-8-7 H Passed Muriate Patapsco 2-9-3 (1) 2-9-3 Vi Passed Muriate Patapsco 3-8-4 Fertilizer (2) . 3-8-4 '/lO Passed Muriate Patapsco 4-8-4 (5)2 4-8-4 V2 Passed Muriate 'Figures in parenthesis following the brand name indicate the number of samples from which the com- posite sample finally analyzed was drawn. ' Two analyses made. ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 15 Mixtures Substantially Com plying with Guarantees — Continued. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufacttjker 'and Brand. Propor- tion in Quality of Water Form of Potash. Mineral Insoluble Form. Organic. American Agricultural Chemical Co. — Con. Patapsco 5-8-7 (3) 5-8-7 M Passed Muriate Patapsco 8-6-6 Fertilizer (1) . 8-6-6 Vs Passed Muriate Peerless Potato ]\Ianure (2) . . . 4-8-7 Vi Passed Muriate Prolific 10% Potash Fertilizer (6) 2-8-10 Y} Passed Muriate Sanderson's Atlantic Coast Mixture (3) 3-10-4 % Passed Muriate Sanderson's Complete Tobacco Grower (3)' 5-4-5 H Passed o/io sulfate* Sanderson's Corn Superphosphate (1) 2-9-3 Vi Passed Muriate Sanderson's E.xtra High Grade Manure (1) . 5-8-7 % Passed Muriate Sanderson's Formula A (1) ... 4-8-4 Vio Passed Muriate Sanderson's Formula B (3)' 4-8-7 Vi Passed o/io sulfate' Special Grass Top Dressing (6)^ 8-6-6 9/lO Passed Muriate Tobacco Ash Elements (1) 0-5-15 — — .Sulfate Tobacco Starter (3)i 3-7-16 M Passed 9/io sulfate' American Chemical Specialties Co. Springfield Carnation Food (1) . 2.4-3.25-3.5 M Passed Muriate Springfield Rose Food (1) . 4-5-2 1/0 Passed Muriate Stadler's Superior Plant Food (2) 14-6-8 All - Muriate American Soda Products Co. Grogreen Fern Food (1) . 6-8-3 Vio Passed Vio sulfate' Apothecaries Hall Co. Formula B Tobacco Fertilizer (4)' 6.13-5-5.04 K Passed 9/io sulfate- Liberty Corn Fruit & All Crops 2-12-4 (2)i 2-12-4 % Passed Muriate Liberty High Grade Market Gardeners 5-8-7 (3)1 5-8-7 V6 Passed Muriate Liberty Onion Special (4) . 4-8-7 Vi Passed o/io sulfate' Liberty Potato & General Crops 4-8-10 (1) 4-8-10 Vio Passed Muriate Liberty Potato & Market Gardeners Special 4-8-4 (3)1 4-8-4 % Passed Muriate Liberty Tobacco Special (1) . 5-4-5 Vs Passed 5/io sulfate' Liberty Top Dresser for Grass & Grain 10-3.5-8 (1) 10-3.5-8 Vio Passed Muriate Liberty 2-8-2 Corn & All Crops (1) . 2-8-2 Yi Passed Muriate Liberty 2-8-10 Potato & Vegetable (1) 2-8-10 % Passed Muriate Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Crop 2-12-4 (1) . 2-12-4 M Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 2-12-6 (1) . 2-12-6 % Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 3-8-4 (5)i . 3-8-4 ■Vio Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-6-10 (4)i . 4-6-10 '/lO Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-8-4 (7)i . 4-8-4 V6 Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-8-7 (1) 4-8-7 Vs Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-16-4 (1) . 4-16-4 9/l0 Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 5-8-5 (1) 5-8-5 V5 Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 5-8-7 (7)i . 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 8-6-6 (5)i . 8-6-6 Vio Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Tobacco Special (5)i 5-4-5 Vs Passed o/io sulfate' Armour's Lawn & Garden Grower 6-8-6 (1) 6-8-6 All - Muriate Corn Grower (5)i . 2-8-2 M Passed Muriate General Crop (old stock) (1) . 1-7-1 Vio Passed Muriate Atlantic Packing Co. Atlantic Grain Fertilizer 2-10-2 (1) . 2-10-2 Vs Passed Muriate Atlantic Potato Phosphate 3-8-4 (1) . 3-8-4 'H Passed Muriate Atlantic 7-6-5 (1) . 7-6-5 Vio Passed Muriate Barrie Laboratories, Inc. Barrie's House Plant Food (6) . 7.9-7.5-6.5 Vs Passed /io Passed Muriate E. D. Chittenden Co. Chittenden's Complete Grain with 3% Potash (1) 2-9-3 Vio Passed Muriate Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower 4% Potash (5)i . 4-8-4 M Passed '/s sulfate' Chittenden's High Grade Potato with 7% Potash (2) 5-8-7 Yx Passed Muriate Chittenden's Potato Special with 4% Potash (3) 4-8-4 Ya, Passed Muriate Chittenden's Potato Special with 7% Potash (3)1 4-8-7 *U Passed Muriate Chittenden's Special Tobacco Starter 10% Potash (6)1 4-6-10 *U Passed Yi sulfate* Chittenden's Special Top Dresser (5)i 8-6-6 *h Passed Muriate Chittenden's Tobacco Special 5% Potash (3)i 5-4-5 »/6 Passed Two analyses made. . , • i t * v. ' The remainder muriate, i.e., suflScient chlorine present to account for this amount oi potasn. 19 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Propor- tion in Mineral Form . Quality )f Watoi Insolubli- Organic. Form of Potash. Pawtucket Rendering Co. — Con. Pawtucket 4-8-7 (1) Pawtucket 5-8-7 (2) Special Market Garden Mixture (1) Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 2-8-2 (3) . Harvest Brand 3-8-4 (4) . Harvest Brand 4-6-10 (3) Harvest Brand 4-8-4 (4) . Harvest Brand 4-8-6 (1) . Harvest Brand 5-8-5 (2) . Harvest Brand 5-8-7 (5) . Harvest Brand 8-6-6 (2) . Rogers & Hubbard Co. Gro-Fast Plant Food (1) . Hubbard's Bone Base Fertilizer for Seeding Down (5)2 Hubbard's Bone Base Oats & Top Dressing(7) Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Corn & General Crops Manure (5)2 Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Potato Ma nure (4)2 Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Tobacco Manure (5)2 ..... Rogers & Hubbard's All Soils-All Crops Fertilizer (2)2 . . . Eogers & Hubbard's Climax Tobacco Brand (2)2 Rogers & Hubbard's Corn & Grain Fer- tilizer (5)2 ..... Rogers & Hubbard's High Potash Fer- tilizer (2) Rogers & Hubbard's Potato Fertilizer (5) Rogers & Hubbard's Tobacco Grower, Vege table Formula (5)2 Rogers & Hubbard's 2-8-4 Fertilizer (2) Rogers & Hubbard's 4-8-4 Fertilizer (6)' Rogers & Hubbard's 5-4-15 Tobacco Ash (1) Rogers & Hubbard's 5-8-7 Fertilizer (4)2 Rogers & Hubbard's 5-10-5 Fertilizer (2) Rogers & Hubbard's 10-8-8 Fertilizer (1) Ross Bros. Co. Ross Bros. Co. Lawn Grass Top Dressing 4-8-4 (1) Ross Bros. Co. Market Garden 5-8-7 (1) . Ross Bros. Co. Potato & Onion 4-8-4 (1) . F. S. Royster Guano Co. Royster's Dreadnaught Guano (1) Royster's Gem Guano (1) . Royster's Quality Trucker (3) Royster's Rational Guano (7) Royster's Spearhead Guano (5) Royster's Top Dresser (4) Royster's Trucker's Delight (5)2 Royster's 5% Truck Guano (4)2 Royster's VaUey Tobacco Guano (7) Royster's Wrapper Brand (1) Royster's 4-6-10 (1) M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Swift-Sure 3-10-3 Tobacco & General Use (1) Swift-Sure 4-10-0 Tobacco Starter (1) Springfield Rendering Co. Special Lawn & Shrub Fertilizer (1) . Springfield Market Garden Grower & Top Dresser 5-8-7 (4)2 Springfield Tobacco 5-4-5 (1) Springfield 3-8-4 (2) Springfield 4-8-4 (2) Springfield 4-8-7 (2) 4-8-7 5-8-7 5-8-7 2-8-2 3-8-4 4-6-10 4-8-4 4-8-6 5-8-5 5-8-7 8-6-6 4-5-4 3-5-6 10-3-8 3-8-6 6-8-5 6-8-10 4-10-4 5-4-5 1-10-3 3-8-10 2-10-4 6-4-4 2-8-4 4-8-4 5-4-15 5-8-7 5-10-5 10-8-8 4-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-4 2-8-2 2-12-4 4-8-7 1-9-4 3-8-4 7-6-5 4-8-4 5-8-7 5-4-5 7-4-7 4-6-10 3-10-3 4-10-0 5-5-5 5-8-7 5-4-5 3-8-4 4-8-4 4-8-7 Vio All Vio H H H 2/5 H 1-1 y2 »/lO Vs Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Inferior Passed Passed Passed Passed Inferior Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed '/« Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Inferior Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Inferior Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate 9/io sulfate! Muriate '/lo sulfate' Muriate *lb sulfate' »/io sulfate' Muriate *lt sulfate' Muriate Muriate Muriate *li sulfate' Muriate Muriate 9/io sulfate' Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate »/io sulfate' »/io sulfate' Muriate *li sulfate' % sulfate' Muriate «/io sulfate' Muriate Muriate Muriate ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. • Two analyses made. 20 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Concluded. Grade of Fertilizer. Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- tion in Quality of Water Form of Potash. Mineral Insoluble Form. Organic. James A. Sturges & Co. Jasco General Crops Fertilizer (1) 3-8-4 ^6 Passed Muriate Jasco Market Garden Special (1) 5-8-7 *U Passed Muriate Henry J. Taubert Ferti-Flora (5) 3.95-3.66-3.3 AU - Sulfate William Thomson & Sons, Ltd. Thomson's Vine, Plant & Vegetable Manure (1) . 3.65-7-4 H Passed Vs sulfate' Uniform Products Co. F&I(1) 2. 5-. 25-3 M Inferior '/s sulfate' Insectilizer (1) ..... 3-. 25-3. 5 Vs Inferior ii sulfate' Victory Fertilizer Corp. Victory Lawn & Garden Fertilizer (2) 4-8-4 *h Passed Muriate Victory Plant Food (7) . 3-8-4 *U Passed Muriate Victory Putting Green Fertilizer (2) . 6-8-2 Vio Passed Muriate C. P. Washburn Co. Made-Right Potato Fertilizer (2) 4-8-4 »/io Passed Muriate Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Wilcox Corn Special (2)2 .... 3-10-4 '/5 Passed Muriate Wilcox General Vegetable Phosphate (2)* . 4-8-6 Yi Passed '/lo sulfate' Wilcox High Grade Fish & Potash (1) 4-8-4 Vi Passed '/s sulfate' Wilcox Potato Fertilizer (2)2 5-8-7 Vb Passed '/lo sulfate' Wilcox Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (1926 stock) (1) 4-8-6 Vi Passed 3/6 sulfate' Wilcox Special 4-8-4 Fertilizer (2)2 . 4-8-4 ^/5 Passed Muriate Wilcox 7-6-5 Top Dresser (2)2 . 7-6-5 % Passed 1/6 sulfate' Worcester Rendering Co. Prosperity Brand Complete Dressing (3)- . 6-6-4 H Passed Muriate Prosperity Brand Corn & Grain Fertilizer (4)2 2-10-2 v^ Passed i/io sulfate' Prosperity Brand Market Garden Fer- tilizer (4) ..... . 5-8-7 Vio Passed Muriate tihzer (4) 4-8-4 3i Passed Muriate Prosperity Brand Superior Top Dressing (1) 8-6-6 Vio Passed Muriate Wm. P. Young & Son. Young's Formula, A Complete Fertilizer (1) . 8-7-6 V6 Passed Muriate ' The remainder muriate, i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. * Two analyses made. 21 CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS. Summary of Results of the Inspection of Fertilizer Simples and Raw Products. ^. — ^, — i;^ "tZTTj ~^ — i OJ Oj n ►^u- O I- 2; "A < < < <5 <1 < O Nitrate of soda 89 20 15.57 _ _ _ $65 93 159 26 21.2 (nitrogen) Sulfate of ammonia 35 14 20.65 — — — 65 41 61 99 15.8 (nitrogen) Calcium nitrate . 6 3 15.42 — - — 63 18 58 .59 20.5 (nitrogen) Synthetic urea 4 1 46.10 — — — 181 16 184 40 19.6 (nitrogen) Ajnmonium phosphate (20-20) . 3 2 16.07 24.37 22.96 81 80 75 58 17 . 6 (nitrogen) 5 . 5 (available phosphoric acid) Ammonium phosphate (13-48) . 5 3 11.08 52.36 49.73 85 16 92 81 13.8 (nitrogen) 5.5 (available phosphoric acid) Castor pomace 20 20 4.85 1.60 — 1.04 26 95 29 OS 27. S (nitrogen)! Cottonseed meal . 81 81 6.70 2.55 _ 2.18 37 52 40 02 28.0 (nitrogen) 1 Acid phosphate 16% 80 26 - 17.87 17.13 - 21 38 19 98 6.2 (available) phosphoric acid) Precipitated phosphate 4 3 - 42.55 41.74 - 50 79 42 35 6 . 1 (available phosphoric arid) Basic slag phosphate 3 1 - 19.38 17.03 - 22 20 17 03 6.5 (available phosphoric acid) Ground rock phosphate 1 1 - 31.66 2.22 - 24 00 14 'OO 3.8 (total phosphoric acid) Muriate of pota.sh 39 20 — — — 50.57 47 23 42 99 4.7 (potash) High grade sulfate of potash 21 11 - — — 48.70 56 30 56 01 5.8 (pota.sh) Kainit 1 1 - - - 14.65 26 00 12 45 8.9 (potash) Dry ground fish . 30 20 8. 78 6.53 — — 69 50 64 50 30.2 (nitrogen) Tankage^ 27 21 7.65 10.81 — — 59 69 53 99 32.7 (nitrogen) Ground bone' 85 44 2.95 24.98 - — 52 99 41 42 — Wood ashes 12 12 _ 1.70 _ 5.515 33 13 20 20" - Pulverized sheep manure 47 13 1.67 1.30 — 2.966 47 58 12 10 — Sheep manure and wool dust 2 2 1.67 .57 — 4.20 5 - 12 50 — Pulverized cattle manure 2 2 2.01 1.24 — 2.025 47 50 13 05 — Pulverized poidtry ma- ^ ure .... 9 1 5.03 2.07 — 1.23 5 48 88 34 30 6 — Pulverized bat guano 1 1 7.24 2.50 1.84 1.16 5 — 44 88 6 ~ ' In calculating the pound cost of nitrogen and the commercial valuations, the value of the phosphoric acid and potash was not included. The average commercial valuation of the vjhosphoric acid and potash, based on 1927 fertiUzer trade values, for cottonseed meal would be $3.78, and for castor pomace $2.11. ' Average tankage finer than 1/50 inch diameter, 43.95 per cent; coarser than 1/50 inch, 56.05 per cent. s Average bone finer than 1/50 inch diameter, 66.94 per cent; coarsser than 1/50 inch, 33.06 per cent. * This valuation does not include the lime and magnesium oxide which in a ton of average wood ashes would have a value of about $5.00. 5 Total potash. ' Nitrogen much more active than in sheep and cattle manure, therefore placed at a higher value. Nitrogen Compounds. Fertilizer chemicals and unmixed materials valued chiefly for their nitrogen will be found in the tables under this heading. Where more than one analysis has been made of the same brand, averages are given instead of publishing each separate analysis. Footnotes refer to such cases. Brands showing a commercial shortage of one dollar per ton are grouped by themselves. Deficiencies are em- phasized by boldface type. 22 Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Nitrate of Soda. Sulfate of Ammonia. NITROGEN. 1 nitrogen. Manufactuheb. Number of Number of Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. . 17 15.74 15.22 4 20.56 20.56 Apothecaries Hall Co. .... 4 15.66 14.80 2 20.90 20.58 Armour Fertilizer Works .... 5 15.. 38 14.81 2 20.90 20.56 Barrett Co. ...... - - — 9 20.76 20.75 Beach Soap Co. ..... 1 15.42 15.00 - - - Berkshire Chemical Co. .... 5 15.44 15.00 — — — Consolidated Rendering Co. 11 15.50 15.22 4 20.20 20,50 E. D. Chittenden Co 4 15.32 15,00 - - - Eastern States Farmeis' Exchange 6 15.56 14.80 1 20,42 20.55 Thomas W. Emerson Co. - - — 1 20.94 20.50 Ford Motor Co. ..... - — — 2 20 80 20 80 Thomas Hersom & Co. .... 5 15.30 14.81 — — — International Agricultural Corp. 10 15.78 15.00 3 20.80 20.57 Jarecki Chemical Co. 1 15.58 14.81 - — - Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. 1 15.44 14.81 — — - Merrimac Chemical Co. .... 3 15.84 15.00 3 20.80 20.58 Mitchell Fertilizer Co. .... 1 15.24 14.82 — — - Middlesex County Farm Bureau - - - 1 20.70 20.00 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. 3 15.44 15.00 - — - Olds & Whipple, Inc. .... 21 15.73 15.00 — — - Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. 4 15.38 15.00 — - — Rainey-Wood Coke Co., Inc. . — - — 1 20.68 20.. 50 F. S. Royster Guano Co. .... 3 15.24 15.00 1 20.68 20.56 C. P. Washburn Co 3 15.70 14.60 ~ — — Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Thomas Hersom & Co. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. .322 19.573 20.50 20.56 1 Two analyses. ' The sample contained 51.20 per cent of potassium oxide, showing it to be muriate of potash. It was apparently tagged sulfate of ammonia by mistake. It showed a commercial shortage of $17.02 per ton. 3 The sample contained .72 per cent of potassium oxide and ,63 per cent of nitrogen in form of nitrates. It is probable that a sack of muriate of potash and nitrate of soda were labeled by mistake with sulfate of ammonia tags. The material had a commercial valuation of $59.82 per ton; it showed a commercial shortage of $1.86 per ton, and called for a rebate of $2.11 per ton. Synthetic Urea and Organic Ammoniate. Synthetic Urea. Organic Ammoniate. Manufacturer. Number of Samples. nitrogen. Number of Samples. NITROGEN. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Kuttroff, Pickhardt & Co., Inc. Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. 4 46.10 46.00 21 5.51 5.51 I The material contained 2.42 per cent phosphoric acid, of which 2.01 per cent was in available form; potassium oxide .36 per cent. There was 5, 16 per cent of water insoluble nitrogen which showed an acti\aty of 45 per cent by the alkaline and 87.20 per cent by the neutral permanganate method. Two analyses were made. 23 Nitrate of Lime and Ammonium Phosphate. Nitrate of Lime. Ammonium Phosphate. Manufacturer. Number of Samples, NITROGEN. Number of Samples. NITROGEN. .AVAILABLE PHOSPHORIC ACID. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Kuttroff, Pickhardt & Co., Inc. . . . International Agricul- tural Corp. Lowell Fertilizer Co. American Cyanamid Co. American Cyanamid Co. Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . 3 2 1 15.. 58 15.38 15.02 15.00 15.00 15.00 2 1 1 41 16.10 10.80 16.02 11.15 16.07 10.70 16.44 10.68 22.76 52.80 23.35 48.96 20.00 48.00 20.00 48.00 1 Two analyses. Cottonseed Meal and Castor Pomace. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Nitrogen. Material. Number of Manufacturer. Analyses. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co Castor Pomace .... 3 4.70 4.53 Armour Fertilizer Works . Cottonseed Meal 1 6.75 6.58 Apothecaries Hall Co. Castor Pomace .... 3 4.79 4.52 Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co. Cottonseed Meal 1 6.96 6.88 Baker Castor Oil Co. Castor Pomace .... 1 4.76 4.50 Berkshire Chemical Co. Berkshire Castor Pomace . 5 4.82 4.52 F. W. Brode Corp. . Owl Brand Cottonseed Meal 2 6.90 6.88 E. D. Chittenden Co. Castor Pomace .... 1 4.96 4:50 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States Castor Pomace 1 4.99 4.93 f Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal 22 6.94 6.88 Humphreys-Godwin Co. . . ] Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal . 1 6.05 5.75 i Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal 14 6 . 59 6.58 L. B. Lovitt & Co. . . . 1 Lo\'it 43% Cottonseed Meal 2 6.96 6.88 Lovit 41% Cottonseed Meal 2 6.70 6.56 W. C. Nothern Co. . Queen Bee Cottonseed Meal 1 6.72 6.88 f Castor Pomace .... 1 5.30 4.53 International Agricultural Corp.-^ Rainbow 41% Cottonseed Meal . 1 6.65 6.58 ( Zenith 43% Cottonseed Meal 8 6.84 6.88 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Old Deerfield Castor Pomace 3 4.98 4.50 Olds & Whipple, Inc. Castor Pomace .... 2 4.72 4.50 F. S. Royster Guano Co. . Cottonseed Meal 1 6.56 6.58 24 Cottonseed Meal and Castor Pomace — Concluded. Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage op $1 or More per Ton. Number of Analyses. Nitbogen. Manufactuker. Material. Found. Guaran- teed. S. p. Da^^3 .... Humphreys-Godwin Co. . . \ L. B. Levitt & Co. . f International Agricultural Corp.- F. S. Royster Guano Co. . Steerboy 43% Cottonseed Meal Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal Dixie Brand Cottonseed Meal 43% Dark Cottonseed Meal Rainbow 43% Cottonseed Meal Zenith 43% Cottonseed Meal Zenith 41% Cottonseed Meal Royster's Cottonseed Meal 11 8» 13 6« 15 4» 27 18 19 6.54 6.65 5.48 6.35 6.28 6.68 6.59 6.38 6.56 6.88 6.88 5.75 6.58 6.88 6.88 6.88 6.56 6.88 1 Collected at Westfield.- Commercial valuation $39.24. Commercial shortage $2.04 per ton. ' One sample collected at Whately, commercial valuation $40.26, commercial shortage $1.02; one sample collected at South Deerfield, commercial valuation $40.08, commercial shortage $1.20; one sample collected at South Deerfield, commercial valuation $40.14, commercial shortage $1.15; one sample col- lected at North Amherst, commercial valuation $40.14, commercial shortage $1.15; one sample collected at North Hadley, commercial valuation $40.02, commercial shortage $1.26; one sample collected at Sunder- land, commercial valuation $39.78, commercial shortage $1.50; one sample collected at Northampton, commercial valuation $38.40, commercial shortage $2.88; one sample collected at South Deerfield, com- mercial valuation $40.14, commercial shortage $1.15 per ton. 3 Collected at Conway. Commercial valuation $32.88. Commercial shortage $1.62 per ton. * One sample collected at South Deerfield, commercial valuation $38.16, commercial shortage $1.32; one sample collected at Hatfield, commercial valuation $38.40, commercial shortage $1.08; one sample collected at North Amherst, commercial valuation $37.62, commercial shortage $1.86; one sample col- lected at South wick, commercial valuation $37.44, commercial shortage $2.04; one sample collected at Hatfield, commercial valuation $38.40, commercial shortage $1.08; one sample collected at Southwick, commercial valuation $38.40, commercial shortage $1.08 per ton. * Collected at Westfield. Commercial valuation $37.68. Commercial shortage $3 60 per ton. 8 One sample collected at Easthampton, commercial valuation $40.26, commercial shortage $1.02; one sample collected at Southampton, commercial valuation $39.96, commercial shortage $1.32; one sample collected at Amherst, commercial valuation $39.78, commercial shortage $1.50; one sample collected at Hatfield, commercial valuation $40.26, commercial shortage $1.02 per ton. ' One sample collected at Hadley, commercial valuation $39.60, commercial shortage $1.68; one sample collected at Northampton, commercial valuation $39.48, commercial shortage $1.80 per ton. 8 Collected at Northampton. Commercial valuation $38.28. Commercial shortage $1.08 per ton. 9 Collected at Northfield. Commercial valuation $39.36. Commercial shortage $1.92 per ton. Note. — In most instances each analysis of cottonseed meal and castor pomace represents a carload. Proper rebates were paid in case of deficiencies. Phosphoric Acid Compounds. The following table gives the analyses of those fertilizer products valued princi- pally for their phosphoric acid. 25 Superphosphate (Acid Phosphate), Precipitated Bone Basic Slag Phosphate, Etc. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Available Brand. Number of Total Phos- phoric Acid. Phosphoric Acid. Manufactueer. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. f Acid Phosphate 16% 12 1 17.90 17.19 16.00 AmericanAgricultural Chemical Co. 1 Co-Op 16% Acid Phosphate Ground Untreated Phos- 51 17.48 16.73 16.00 I phate Rock . 1» 31.66 — — Armour l<'ertilizer Works Big Crop 16% Acid Phos- phate .... 71 17.32 16.57 16.00 Apothecaries Hall Co. . . < Acid Phosphate 16% Precipitated Bone 31 1 18.03 43.24 16.83 41.86 16.00 36.00 Beach Soap Co. Acid Phosphate 16% 1 17.25 16.08 16.00 Berkshire Chemical Co. Berkshire Acid Phosphate 2 17.73 17.25 16.00 E. D. Chittenden Co. . Chittenden's 16% Acid Phosphate . 2 19.13 18.01 16.00 Consolidated Rendering Co. High Grade Acid Phosphate 91 18.38 17.75 16.00 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States Acid Phos- phate .... 71 18.10 17.27 16.00 Thomas Hersom & Co. Acid Phosphate 16% 4 17.09 16.22 16.00 I. A. C. 16% Acid Phosphate SI 17.09 16.84 16.00 International Agricultural Corp. . < Genuine Imported I. A. C. Basic Slag 33 19.38 17.03 14.40 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . 0. D. 16% Acid Phosphate 0. D. Precipitated Bone . 31 2 19.30 42.86 18.36 41.99 16.00 38.00 Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Precipitated Bone Phosphate 1 41.22 41.12 38.00 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 16% Acid Phosphate . 51 19.46 18.12 16.00 Rogers & Hubbard Co. R. & H. Acid Phosphate 16% .... 2 17.09 16.91 16.00 F. S. Royster Guano Co. . Royster's 16% Acid Phos- phate .... 7 17.22 16.61 16.00 C. P. Washburn Co. . Acid Phosphate 16% 2 17.91 16.61 16.00 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . Acid Phosphate 16% 1 17.99 17.81 16.00 1 Two analyses made. 2 Phosphoric acid soluble in neutral citrate of ammonia, 2.22 per cent. 3 The slag contained 38.17 per cent of calcium oxide, of which 5.92 per cent was in active forms to neu- traUze soil acidity. There were also present 2.53 per cent magnesium oxide, 23.50 per cent iron oxide, 1.10 per cent manganese dioxide. Potash Compounds. The tables under this heading show the chemical analyses of those salts valued chiefly for their potash. Muriate and High Grade Sulfate of Potash. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Muriate of Potash. High Grade Sulfate of Potash. Manufactuher. Number POTASH. Number of POTASH. Chlorine. of Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. 8 51.32 50.00 3 48.68 48.00 2.13 Apothecaries Hall Co. . 2 51.64 50.00 1 50.60 48.00 .96 Armour Fertilizer Works 2 50.84 48.00 1 48.16 48.00 3.86 Beach Soap Co. .... - 1 51.68 50.00 — — - — Berkshire Chemical Co. 1 51.98 50.00 3 48.36 48.00 2.42 Consolidated Rendering Co. . 5» 51.03 50.00 1 48.12 48.00 1.95 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . 1 50.12 50.00 3 48.88 48.00 2.05 Thomas Hersom & Co. 21 47.19 48.00 1 48.92 48.00 2.08 International Agricultural Corp. 4 51.80 48.00 — — — — Lowell Fertilizer Co. 1 48.88 50.00 — — — — Middlesex County Farm Bureau . 2 51.24 50.00 — — — — Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . 3 52.16 50.00 5 49.00 48.00 2.10 Olds & Whipple, Inc. . - - — 1 49.12 48.65 1.93 F. S. Royster Guano Co. 2 51.38 48.00 1 48.60 48.00 2.28 1 Two analyses made. 26 Muriate and High Grade Sulfate of Potash — Concluded. Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Muriate of Potash. High Grade Sulfate or Potash. Manufacturer. Number of Sample.=. potash. Number of Samples. potash. Chlorine. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Thomas Hersom & Co. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. 2 1 1 2 1 46.74 ! 46.48 3 47.88 4 50.00 4S.00 50.00 1 46.52 5 48.00 2.97 1 Two analyses made. 2 Two samples collected at Millington and Conway had commercial valuations and shortages as follows: $41.34 and $1.16, $38.11 and S4.39. 3 Collected at Taunton. Commercial valuation $39.51. Commercial shortage $1.29. * Two samples collected at Taunton and Easthampton had commercial valuations and shortages as follows: $39.92 and $2.58, $41.48 and $1.02. 6 Collected at Easthampton. Commercial valuation $53.50. Commercial shortage $1.70. The sarnple also contained 4.90 per cent sodium chloride, 2.89 per cent calcium sulfate, 1.96 per cent magnesium oxide, 1.27 per cent insoluble matter, .30 per cent ferric oxide and 1.50 per cent moisture. Kainit. Only one sample of kainit was collected. This was sold by the American Agri- cultural Chemical Co. It contained 14.65 per cent of potash and was guaranteed 14 per cent. The chlorine content was 34.24 per cent, which was in excess of three times the amount required to satisfy the potash present. The product had a supplementarA^ guarantee of 25.89 per cent sulfate of potash, which would represent the sulfate of potash equivalent of the potassium oxide guarantee. The large amount of chlorine present would exclude the product as a source of potash in form of sulfate. Raw Products Supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. Dry Ground Fish. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Berkshire Chemical Co. . E. D. Chittenden Co. . International Agricultural Corp. Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Rogers & Hubbard Co. . F. S. Royster Guano Co. . 41 2 1 61 2 1 2 1 2 52 3 1 8.55 8.79 8.44 9.09 9.43 9.87 8.90 8.81 7.98 8.23 8.22 8.22 8.22 8.20 9.04 8.23 8.22 8.22 8.09 6.65 6.09 7.76 6.27 3.76 7.23 6.38 6.76 6.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 3.70 5.00 5.00 6.00 5.00 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Apothecaries Hall Co. Old Deerfield FertiUzer Co. Wilcox Fertilizer Co. 1 3 1' Is 7.91 8.96 8.57 8.20 9.04 9.04 5.49 3.83 6.76 5.00 5.00 6.00 1 Two analyses made. ' Four analyses made. 2 Collected at Hatfield. Commercial valuation $57.70. Commercial shortage $1.42. ♦ Collected at Sunderland. Commercial valuation $62.97. Commercial shortage $1.69. 6 Collected at South Dighton. Commercial valuation $63.32. Commercial shortage $2.34. 27 Ground Animal Tankage. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. 1 Total Degree of Nitrogen. i Phosphoric Acid. Fineness. Number of MANUFACTtmEB. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Finer than Vto Inch. Coarser than '/so Inch. American Agricultural Chemical/ Co I 2 10.18 9.87 7.78 5.49 16.70 83.30 1 6.82 7.41 12.83 9.15 25.30 74.70 Apothecaries Hall Co. 31 7.48 7.40 12.94 3.00 47.37 52.63 Butchers Rendering Co. 1 5.10 4.10 18.50 14.00 46.80 53.20 f 1 4.7.5 4.92 18.62 14.00 52.94 47.06 2!onsolidated Rendering Co. . { 1 7.49 7.41 11.08 9.15 42.97 57.03 [ 1 10.45 9.84 6.76 — 41.81 58.19 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange 2 9.28 9.05 4.97 4.60 34.00 66.00 Thomas Hersom & Co. . . f 1 4.92 4.00 19.58 16.00 80.34 19.66 4 8.69 8.20 5.87 4.58 49.35 50.65 International Agricultural Corp . 1 5.12 4.93 16.90 11.00 39.47 60.53 31dDeerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . 1 9.32 9.04 5.64 5.00 54.24 45.76 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. . 1 8.69 7.40 9.44 10.00 69.34 30.66 S. Roy & Son. 1 7.17 7.17 12.54 12.54 42.90 57.10 F. S. Royster Guano Co. 1 7.90 7.40 9.06 5.00 49.40 50.60 r. M. Woodard .... 1 4.56 4.50 19.52 18.00 7.92 92.08 Brands Seriously Out of Balance but not Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 per Ton. onsolidated Rendering Co. lohn C. Dow Co. 6.33 6.96 7.41 8.23 15.21 12.57 9.15 3.00 32.12 62.03 67.88 37.97 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Armour Fertilizer Works ^ . Eastern States Farmers' Exchange 6.61 8.12 7.40 9.05 10.79 4.92 6.87 4.60 48.25 50.01 51.75 49.99 1 Two analyses made. 2 1924 stock. As soon as the low test was reported to the Armour Fertilizer Works, tags bearing a nitro- gen guarantee of 6.58 per cent were attached to each sack. The product had a commercial valuation of 148.50 and under the original guarantee it had a commercial shortage of $1.14 per ton. The sample was drawn at Whitman. Collected at Lunenburg. Commercial valuation $51.98. Commercial shortage $5.56 per ton. The product was not a genuine animal tankage. It was adulterated with acid phosphate, nitrate of soda, horn and hoof meal and other organic nitrogen containing substances, most likely one of the processed organic products. The adulterants indicated by both the chemical analysis and the naked eye were later confirmed by a microscopical examination. 28 Ground Bone. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Manufacturer. Brand. Number of Samples. Grade. Degree of Fineness. Finer than Vso Inch. Coarser than Vw Inch. American Agricultural Chemi- f cal Co. . . . . I Apothecaries Hall Co. . Armour Fertilizer Works Beach Soap Co. . Berkshire Chemical Co. Butchers Rendering Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. . Jacob Dold Packing Co. John C. Dow Co. Thomas Hersom & Co. . International Agricultural Corp. . . . . Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Geo. E. Marsh Co. New England Rendering Co. Old Deerfiekl FertilizerCo.,Inc, Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Pawtucket Rendering Co. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co, Rogers & Hubbard Co. . < N. Roy & Son . F. S. Royster Guano Co. M. L. Shoemaker Co., Inc. . C. P. Washburn Co. . Special Ground Bone . Fine Ground Bone Bone Meal . Big Crop Bone Meal . Beach's FertiUzer Bone Berkshire Fine Ground Bone Ground Bone Ground Bone Dold Bone Meal . Dow's Pure Ground Bone Pure Bone Meal . Bone Meal . Mapes Bone Meal Fertilizer Bone Ground Bone Steamed Bone Ground Bone Ground Bone Bone Meal . Strictly Pure Fine Bone Knuckle Bone Flour Ground Bone Fine Ground Bone Meal Bone Meal . Bone Meal . 31 31 3 9» 1 10 1 1 81 21 11 2 21 1 2 1 3 .51 31 1 21 1 1 2.50-22.88 3.00-22.88 4.00-20.00 3.00-22.00 2.75-20.00 3.00-20.00 3.00-20.00 3.00-22.90 3.00-23.00 2.43-24.00 2.43-24.00 3.04-22.00 4.00-20.00 2.00-22.89 3.00-22.90 3.00-22.00 3.00-22.00 3.00-23.00 3.00-21.00 4.00-20.50 4.64-24.70 3.36-25.16 3.00-22.90 4.50-21.00 3.04-23.00 70.70 52.48 63.76 69.88 35.67 78.94 70.71 61.77 74.63 70.70 88.50 78.80 46.22 50.01 63.05 37.88 77.64 66.28 47.52 62.32 98.60 36.94 77.67 53.36 74.68 29.30 47.52 36.24 30.12 64.33 21.06 29.29 38.23 25.37 29.30 11.50 21.20 53.78 49.99 36.95 62.12 22.36 33.72 52.48 37.68 1.40 63.06 22.33 46.64 25.32 Ground Bone Adulterated. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Total Phosphoric Acid. Degree of Fineness. Manufacturer and Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Finer than i/m Inch. Coarser than i/so Inch. Eastern States Farmers' Ex- change E. S. Fine Bone Meal' 2 2.48 2.46 24.34 23.00 59.06 40.94 Brand Showing a Commercial Shortage op %1 or More per Ton. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co. Bone Fertilizer . 1« 2.87 5.00 28.22 20.00 55.00 45.00 1 Two analyses made. ' Three analyses made. 5 Chemical analysis confirmed by a microscopical examination indicates the presence of the following adulterants: ammonium sulfate to furnish .64 per cent nitrogen, acid phosphate, raw mineral phosphate, and horn and hoof meal. In place of being a genuine ground bone it was a product made by substituting other materials at a lower unit cost of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, yet ha\'ing about the same content of plant food as is usually found in steamed bone meal. It is only fair to add that the firm registering the material bought it for genuine ground bone. * Collected at Somerville. Commercial valuation $42.82. Commercial shortage S5.23 per ton. 29 Wood Ashes. Manufacturer and Number of Analy- ses. Moi.s- ture. Phosphoric Acid. Acid Soluble Potash. Calcium Oxide. Insoluble Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Matter. R. & J. Farquhar Co. Hardwood Ashes John Joynt Unleached Hardwood Ashes: Sold on the unit basis Sold on the ton basis George Stevens Hardwood Ashes 1 r 5 5 . 1 ■ f- . 1 11.75 15.04 19.59 6.55 M2.04 H ' 2.08 1.26 1.68 1.75 1.00 1.00 1.50 8.10 6.60 4.36 4.72 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 32.79 31.73 33.99 29.33 11.33 10.94 11.11 25.44 Pulverized Animal Manures. Brands Substantially Meeting their Guarantees. Number of Samples. Total Nitrogen. Total Phosphoric Acid. Total Potash. Manufacturer and Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemi- cal Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure (1926 stock) .... Pulverized Sheep and Goat Manure .... 1 6 l.SO 1.48 1.44 1.44 .78 1.28 .75 .50 2.97 2.15 2.00 2.00 Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Sheep Manure 8 1.63 1.23 1.39 1.00 3.35 2.00 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Ram's Head Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 5 1.55 1.50 1.07 1.25 3.45 3.00 Consolidated Rendering Co. Corenco Sheep Manure . 5 1.46 1.23 .93 .50 2.72 2.00 J. J. Corkery Wool Waste and Sheep Manure 11 1.94 1.50 .66 .60 4.83 3.75 International Agricultural Corp. Caribee Brand Goat Manure . 3 2.14 1.40 2.63 .50 3.63 2.50 Harold E. Nelson Bat Guano .... 12 7.24 7.00 2.50 2.50 1.16 1.00 Natural Guano Co. Sheep's Head Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 3 2.05 2.25 1.42 1.25 2.04 2.00 Old Colony Fertilizer Co., Inc. Sheep Manure 2 3 1.60 1.25 1.15 1.00 3.05 2.00 ' This material is a by-product from wool carding. It is composed largely of sheep manure which is removed from the fleece in the carding process. It also contains w'ool fiber as well as seeds of a great variety of plants. ■'■• •- 2 This product is taken out of caves located in Texas. It is said to be the excreta of bats and represents the accumulation that has taken place during many years. It contains .54 per cent of ammoniacal nitro- gen, 2.20 per cent of water soluble organic nitrogen, and 4.50 per cent of water insoluble nitrogen, the latter having an activity by the alkaline permanganate method of 64.40 per cent, which is very satisfactory. The material also carries 1.84 per cent of available phosphoric acid. 3 This product is claimed by the importers to be composed of about equal parts of sheep and goat manure. It is imported from Venezuela and comes from an area of about forty-five square miles. It is removed from corralsl ocated in this territory and transported by donkeys and rail to various ports and when cargoes of 600 to 800 tons have been accumulated it is shipped to this country in ship bottoms that have been used to transport coal from the United States to South American countries. The product is ground after it reaches this country. Little shiny black particles of coal coming from the ship bottoms are noticeable in the product, as well as an occasional seed of some plant and small fragments of stone that are accidentally included with the manure when it is shoveled from the corrals. oO Pulverized Animal Manures — Concluded. Br.\nds Substantially Meeting their Guarantees — Concluded. Number of Samples. Total Nitrogen. Total Phosphoric Acid. Total Potash. Manufacturer and Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co. Groz-It Sheep Manure Premier Poultry Manure Co. Pulverized Poultry Manure Pulverized Sheep Manure Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Pulverized Cattle Ma- nure ..... Wizard Pulverized Sheep Ma- nure ..... Rocky Mountain Fertilizer Co. Wonder Grower Sheep Manure W. W. Windle Co. Sheep Manure Dusted from Wool 7 9 1 3 1 2 1 12 1.51 5.03 1.96 1.95 2.14 1.85 1.40 1.50 4.93 1.64 1.80 2.00 2.00 1.40 1.02 2.07 1.58 1.48 1.61 .89 .48 1.25 2.75 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.20 .48 3.69 1.23 2.22 1.75 2.35 2.30 3.57 3.00 1..30 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.57 Adulterated Sheep Manure. Long Branch Sheep Farms Pulverized Sheep Manure Brand Showing A Commercial Shortage of $1 ok More PER Ton. Apothecaries Hall Co. Sheep Manure 1^ 1.17 1.48 .97 1.25 2.77 2.00 Misbranded Product Sold as Sheep Manure. Plantspur Products Co. Plantspur Sheep Manure IS 2.96 2.05 3.14 1.50 1.95 1.50 1 Over one-half of the nitrogen contained in this product is soluble m water and the part that is insoluble in water shows a very satisfactory activity by means of neutral permanganate method. The actual avail- ability of that part of the nitrogen which is insoluble in water was shown by a vegetation test made in 1926 to be about 45 per cent, as compared with 80 per cent for dried blood. 2 This material is a by-product from wi;ol carding. It is composed largely of sheep manure which is re- moved from the fleece in the carding process. It also contains wool fiber as well as seeds of a great variety of plants. 3 This product shows the presence of 1.02 per cent of water soluble phosphoric acid, 3.50 per cent of citrate soluble or so-called reverted and 5.80 per cent of insoluble phosphoric acid. This indicates the addition of both acid phosphate and phosphate rock, or possibly ground bone. Allowing for a normal amount of , phosphoric acid from the sheep manure, the excess of phosphoric acid shown by this analysis, if derived from an average grade of acid phosphate, should show at least 9 per cent of available phosphoric acid, and would mean that about equal parts of 16 per cent acid phosphate and sheep manure were used in making the product. Correspondence with the producer establishes the fact that acid phosphate was used for the purpose of conserving the ammonia which would otherwise be lost during the fermentation of the manure. The product should be called sheep manure and acid phosphate. About 85 tons of the material were sold in Massachusetts. * Collected at Great Harrington. Commercial valuation $9.08. Commercial shortage $1.22 per ton. s This product has not been registered for sale in Massachusetts. Two dozen packages, each weighing about two pounds and costing twenty-five cents, were found with the Waltham Nurseries. It was under- stood that the product was not bougiit for resale. The Plantspur Products Co. deny having sold the prod- uct in Massachusetts and suggest that it was procured through some distributing agent located in New York. The material proved to be a mi.xture of garbage tankage, cocoa shells, ammonium sulfate, acid phosphate, muriate of potash, and possibly some sheep manure. Registration of the product was refused in Massachusetts under the name "Sheep Manure Fertilizer." If registered under a name that was not misleading there would be no objection to the sale of the product. 31 Humus (Partially Dry, Pulverized Peat). Water. Organic Matter. Nitrogen. Manufactuber. Found. Guaran- teed. Victory Fertilizer Corp. ....... 50.09 43.00 1.02 .50 Stone Meal. Manufactured by William N. McCrillis. Plant Food Elements. By Fusion with Sodium Carbonate. Soluble in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid. Soluble in Strong Hydrofluoric Acid. Potassium oxide ...... Pliosphoric acid ...... Calcium oxide ...... Magnesium oxide ...... 4.G7 3.13 .16 .19 2.90 2.35 1.64 .27 None of the potash was soluble in water. There was 6.44 per cent of carbon dioxide present. The analysis indicates the presence of 5.18 per cent of calcium carbonate and 4.91 per cent of magnesium carbonate. The material is ground metamorphic rock. The first year's value of the plant food which it contains may be approximately gaged by its content of phosphoric acid, potassium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide soluble in dilute hydro- chloric acid. A part of the two latter elements being present as carbonates would have a small effect in reducing soil acidity. Assuming that one ton was used per acre, this effect would be, roughly, 1/100 as much as one ton of finely ground lime- stone. In terms of commercial valuation this would be about 50 cents. The equivalent of phosphoric acid and potassium oxide soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and contained in one ton of the stone meal could be purchased in form of high grade chemicals soluble in water for about 33 cents, making the total commercial valuation of the plant food contained in one ton of the stone meal that might be considered effective during a period of from one to five years, about 83 cents. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS REGARDING FERTILIZERS. On recommendation of the Committee on Definition of Terms and Interpreta- tion of Results on Fertilizers, at a recent meeting of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, the follo\'\'ing definitions and interpretations were adopted as official. Meaning of Term "Finely Ground." The term finely ground in the definition of basic phosphate slag shall refer to actual size of particles as determined by the use of standard sieves, as follows: seventy per cent (70%) or more should pass a 100-, and ninety per cent (90%) or more should pass a 50-mesh sieve. Nitrate of Potash (Commercial Potassium Nitrate). Nitrate of potash is a salt containing not less than twelve per cent (12%) of nitrogen and forty-four per cent (44%) of potash (KjO). Interpretation of Brand Name to Include the Analysis or Grade of Fertilizer. The committee recommends and urges the practice of including the analysis or grade of fertilizer with the brand name, both by the manufacturer on sacks and in printed literature and by the control official in his reports and publications. Activity of Water-Insoluble Nitrogen in Mixed Fertilizer. The alkaline and neutral permanganate methods distinguish between the better and the poorer sources of water-insoluble nitrogen, and do not show the percentage availability of the material. The available nitrogen of any product can be measured only after carefully conducted vegetation experiments. (a) The methods shall be used on mixed fertilizers containing water-insoluble 32 nitrogen amounting to three-tenths of one per cent (0.3%) or more of the weight of the material. In the event of a total nitrogen exceeding the minimum guarantee, accompanied by a low activity of the insoluble nitrogen, the overrun may be taken into consideration in determining the classification of the water-insoluble nitrogen. (&) The water-insoluble nitrogen in mixed fertilizers showing an activity below fifty per cent (50%) by the alkaline method and also below eighty per cent (80%) by the neutral method shall be classed as inferior. This necessitates the use of both methods before classifying as inferior. VEGETATION POT EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE NITROGEN AVAILABILITY OF PROCESSED LOW-GRADE MATERIALS AND ACTIVATED SEWAGE PRODUCTS. In recent years most of the slaughterhouse by-products that formerly were largely absorbed by the fertilizer industry have been diverted to the manufacture of cattle feeds where they command a better price and are more economically utilized. The shortage of the different grades of tankage and dried blood, as well as the normal expansion of the fertilizer industry, has naturally stimulated an effort to produce substitutes for these organic nitrogen-containing substances. By-products of relatively high nitrogen content but low in activity and availability have served for the production of a class of processed organic nitrogen-containing materials now offered to the trade under a variety of trade names and usually with the claim that the plant food which they furnish is available to plant life. Although these products are often bought and sold on their content of active nitrogen as determined by laboratory methods, yet their actual nitrogen availabilitj' in many instances has not been satisfactorily established. It was for this purpose that vegetation experiments were inaugurated in 1925, and have been expanded during 1927 to include as many of these products as it was possible to locate through the trade channels. Description of the Products Under Experiment Agrinite, manufactured by the American Agricultural Chemical Co. at one of their plants at Carteret, N. J. The sample contained 8.88 per cent nitrogen, of which .29 per cent was in ammoniacal, and 2.37 per cent in water soluble organic form. The sample was furnished on request by a representative of the company. Tankage, supposed to be animal tankage, representing the product sold by Thomas Hersom & Co., New Bedford, Mass., to the several state institutions in Massachusetts in the spring of 1927. It tested 8.58 per cent nitrogen, of which 2.42 per cent was in water soluble form; and 5.23 per cent phosphoric acid. The sample was drawn from stock sold to the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Avail Tankage, manufactured by the Western Fertilizer Products Co., Granite City, 111. It tested 7.25 per cent total nitrogen, of which .66 per cent was in am- moniacal, .13 per cent in nitric, and 1.08 per cent in water soluble organic form. The sample was procured through trade channels. Georgia Tankage, manufactured by Joslin Schmidt Co., St. Bernard, Ohio. The sample was procured through trade channels. It tested 9.13 per cent total nitrogen, of which 1.56 per cent was in water soluble organic form. Hynite Tankage, manufactured by United Fertilizer Co., Milwaukee, Wis. One sample, said to represent the product as manufactured in ] 927, was furnished by the manufacturer and one sample was secured through trade channels; a com- posite of the two was used in the experiment. The average nitrogen content was 8.92 per cent, of which 1.51 per cent was in water soluble organic form. Horn and Hoof Meal. A mixture of processed horn and hoof meal was secured through trade channels. It contained 14.32 per cent nitrogen, of which 2.32 per cent was in water soluble organic form. Imhoff Tank Sewage Sludge, from City of Worcester, Mass. The sample, taken from drying bed, was exposed during the winter of 1925. It contained 2.75 per cent nitrogen, of which .62 per cent was in ammoniacal form. Milorganite, activated sewage sludge fertilizer, manufactured by the city of Milwaukee. One sample was sent by the manufacturer and one was secured from a carload sold in Massachusetts through trade channels in 1927; a composite of the two was used in the experiment. It contained an average of 5.425 per cent nitrogen, of which .45 per cent was in water soluble organic form. 33 Nitrogenous Tankage, manufactured by the Fertilizer By-Products Co., Nor- folk, Va. Two grades were furnished by the company and a composite of the two was used in the experiment. The average nitrogen content was 6.215 per cent, practically all of which was in water insoluble form. Nitrolene, manufactured by F. S. Royster Guano Co., Norfolk Va. The sample was procured from the manufacturer. It contained 8.90 per cent nitrogen, of which .85 per cent was in ammoniacal, and 5.38 per cent in water soluble organic form. Omega Tankage, manufactured by the International Agricultural Corp., Norfolk, Va. One sample was secured through trade channels and one furnished by the company upon request; a composite of the two was used in the experiment. The average content of nitrogen was 8.375 per cent, of which .22 per cent was in ammoniacal, and 1.47 per cent in water soluble organic form. Process Tankage, manufactured by the Smith Reduction Co., Norfolk, Va. This contained 7.48 per cent of nitrogen, of which 7.38 per cent was in water in- soluble form. Outline of the Experiment. Each pot received 40 pounds of soil mixture (one part loam from nitrogen deficient soil and two parts sifted sand) . The fertilizers were mixed with the entire amount of soil in each pot, the basis of application being as follows: 14 grams fine ground limestone, 5 grams each of muriate of potash and potash-magnesium sulfate, lyi grams high grade sulfate of potash, 18 grams each of 16 per cent acid phosphate and basic slag phosphate. The nitrogen-containing materials were applied in unit quantity (sufficient to supply .42 grams of nitrogen) . The experiment was run in two series: one to show the availability of the total nitrogen; the other to show the availability of the water insoluble nitrogen. Neces- sary checks were run with double the amount of nitrogen from dried blood, the standard nitrogen source; and with increased amounts of the basic fertilizer ap- plication. By both sub-irrigation and surface application the plants were supplied with water in amounts representing 50 per cent of the water holding capacity of the soil until hot weather when it was increased to 60 per cent. Japanese millet was the crop grown. All pots had ten plants except pot No. 55 which had only nine. The plants were harvested on the same date, when in full milk stage. With the exceptions noted above, the experiment was conducted according to the general methods described on pages 11 and 12, Control Bulletin 25. The follow^ing table shows the yields of dry matter and the nitrogen recovered in the above-ground parts of the plant; the nitrogen availability of each product, from the standpoint of both total and water insoluble nitrogen and on the basis of yield of dry matter and nitrogen recovered from dried blood being placed at 80. The activity of the total and water insoluble nitrogen in each product as shown by the two laboratory methods is also given. Series 1. — Unwashed. ^ {See footnote page si.) SOUBCE OF Nitrogen Applied per Pot (Grams). Yield of Dry Matter per Pot (Grams). Nitrogen Recovered Average Relative Nitrogen Availability Dried Blood at 80. Comparative Nitrogen Activity BY the Chemical Methods. Nitrogen. per Pot (Grams). Basis : Dry Matter Yield. Basis : Nitrogen Recovered. Alkaline Perman- ganate Method. Neutral Perman- ganate Method. Dried Blood . Omega Tankage Nitrolene Nitrogenous Tankage .42 .42 .42 .42 \ 55.57 48.61 60.34 34.44 36.67 38.18 38.60 26.45 32.69 .3691 .370 .398 .2311 .2481 .2641 .2571 .1871 .210 80.00 51.87 56.00 43.14 80.00 50.55 54.99 41.90 79.34 61.07 86.07 38.21 99.20 92.30 89.78 87.37 34 Series I. — Unwashed. i — Con. Source of Nitrogen Applied per Pot (Grams) . Yield of Dry Nitrogen Recovered AvER.^GE Relative Nitrogen Availability Dried Blood at 80. Comparative Nitrogen Activity BY THE Chemical Methods. Nitrogen. per Pot (Grams). per Pot (Grams). Basis: Dry Matter Yield. Basis : Nitrogen Recovered. Alkaline Perman- ganate Method. Neutral Perman- ganate Method. Process Tankage Milorganite . Agrinite Avail Tankage Georgia Tankage Hynite Tankage Rehmsdorf Tankag Imhoff Tank Sewag Sludge Horn and Hoof Mes Animal Tankage Dried Bloods Dried Blood . e e il .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .42 .84 39.75 39.42 43.84 39.24 44.98 46.29 35.46 34.49 35.95 36.87 40.62 44.18 38.09 39.94 33.61 30.22 50.76 53.53 42.33 43.45 56.58 57.24 63.39 77.55 73.44 .269 .2661 .2821 .2621 .2881 .3101 .2461 .2321 .2271 .2381 .2701 .2881 .2501 .2541 .1991 .2051 .315 .3811 .3011 .3171 .4021 .3941 .535 .597 .620 57.75 60.60 66.57 51.02 53.11 61.85 56.91 46.56 76.07 62.57 56.46 57.41 63.11 50.45 49.08 58.89 53.19 42.64 73.46 65.22 55.21 56.22 66.33 62.34 64.84 64.53 65.22 61.09 81.91 71.44 94.78 82.58 97.18 88.00 92.99 92.55 89.90 65.82 98.88 95.10 Series II.- -W ASHED. 1 49.38 .3351 Dried Blood . .42 45.69 51.85 24.21 .339 .342 .166 80.00 80.00 70.60 97.80 Omega Tankage .42 28.32 28.09 21.66 .188 .193 .151 43.90 43.02 48.80 80.00 Nitrolene .42 21.50 26.91 .168 .185 38.16 39.65 49.40 72.80 Nitrogenous Tankage . .42 22.51 24.05 29.77 27.60 .157' .164 .209 .195 41.57 41.68 37.40 84.80 Process Tankage . .42 31.62 36.47 46.90 .227 .249 .343 52.11 52.77 47.40 86.20 Milorganite . .42 52.07 54.41 49.32 .376 .362 .328 83.52 85.03 45.00 87.60 Agrinite .42 46.45 39.88 26.61 .328 .268 .188 73.87 72.68 51.40 88.60 Avail Tankage .42 28.91 29.16 24.99 .202 .193 .167 46.11 45.85 50.00 78.60 Georgia Tankage . .42 26.87 39.94 22.39 .178 .265 .162 49.99 47.98 54.60 82.20 Hynite Tankage . .42 31.28 34.44 27.73 .211 .246 .193 47.98 48.68 62.40 87.60 Rehmsdorf Tankage .42 27.27 27.39 .172 .179 44.87 42.78 44.60 80.80 Imhoff Tank Sewage .42 28.97 29.40 .194 .180 47.46 43.80 46.00 82.80 Sludge 28.78 52.20 .183 .337 Horn and Hoof Meal .42 53.23 54.57 35.00 .351 .365 .233 87.13 82.83 71.60 96.80 Animal Tankage . .42 30.83 27.56 .207 .185 50.86 49.16 51.60 91.60 1 By "unwashed" is meant the original ground material as furnished to the trade; each product freed from water-soluble nitrogen by succtssive washings with water. 2 Potash and phosphoric acid — IJ times the usual quantity. "washed" designates 0) M j: 3 0 Vh (A 0 c (rt In > 0) o 4-1 k< n s u ffl RJM 3 Tl O c b ^ a3 X 0 n) (U -0 >-. i) X 3 -a Ul V a 3 ^ y *i CJ u U} 3 X T! ■M 0 0 a Ih Ti (1 V J= to ^ ^ (/) 4-1 b] c q: u bJ ^ 35 Conclusions Drawn from the Experiment. Omega Tankage. The activity of the total nitrogen was satisfactory by both the allvaline and neutral permanganate methods. On the basis of both yield of dry matter and nitrogen recovered, the nitrogen availability was approximately 52 per cent and 51 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 80 per cent. In the study with the water insoluble nitrogen (the washed product) the alkaline perman- ganate method classed the insoluble nitrogen as inferior (below 50 per cent) while the neutral method barely passed it (80 per cent or above) . The actual availability of the water insoluble nitrogen on the basis of yield of dry matter was about 44 per cent, and on the basis of nitrogen recovered about 43 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 80 per cent. Nitrolene. The activity of the total nitrogen by the alkaline method was about per cent higher, and by the neutral method only about 9 per cent lower, than was shown by dried blood. The actual availability of the total nitrogen by the vegetation test was only 55 per cent and 56 per cent, respectively, on the basis of dry matter yield and nitrogen recovered. Both laboratory methods condemned the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen, showing an activity of about 49 per cent by the alkaline, and 73 per cent by the neutral permanganate method. The actual availability of the water insoluble nitrogen was about 38 per cent on the basis of yield of dry matter, and 40 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered, as com- pared ^yiih dried blood at 80 per cent. Nitrogenous Tankage. The activity of the total nitrogen by the alkaline method was classed as inferior; the activity by the neutral method was about 87 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 99 per cent. The actual availability of the total nitrogen on the basis of dry matter yield and nitrogen recovered was 43 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively, as compared with dried blood at 80 per cent. The alkaline method condemned the quality of the water insoluble nitrogen, while the neutral method gave an activity of about 85 per cent. The actual availability of this part of the nitrogen was about 42 per cent on the basis of both dry matter yield and nitrogen recovered. Thus it Avill be seen that all of the vegetation tests class the nitrogen in this product as inferior. This confirms the results secured in 1926 on Ammoniate A and Ammoniate B, the names under which this product was then sold. Process Tankage. The activity of the total nitrogen was about 55 per cent and 95 per cent, respectively, by the alkaline and neutral permanganate methods. The actual total nitrogen availability by the vegetation test was about 58 per cent on the basis of yield of dry matter, and 56 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. The water insoluble nitrogen was condemned by the alkaline method, but showed an activity of 86 per cent by the neutral method. The availability of this part of the nitrogen by the vegetation test was 52 per cent on the basis of dry matter yield, and 53 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. Milorganite. The activity of the total nitrogen was about 56 per cent and 83 per cent, respectively, by the allcaline and neutral permanganate methods. The nitrogen availability as measured by the vegetation test was 61 per cent on the basis of jdeld of dry matter, and 57 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. The water insoluble nitrogen showed a low test by the alkaline method, but was well above the passing mark by the neutral method. The actual availability of this part of the nitrogen was about 84 per cent on the basis of yield of dry matter, and 85 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. These unlooked for results were from 22 to 28 points higher than the availability of the total nitrogen in the original material, and nearly 50 points above the insoluble nitrogen activitj' as measured by the alkaline permanganate method . The high availability of the water insoluble nitrogen as compared with the availability of the total nitrogen might indicate that ^ome soluble toxic compounds were washed out in the preparation of the material "or this experiment. Agrinite. The total nitrogen activit}"- was satisfactory by both laboratory methods, as was also its availability by the vegetation test. The water insoluble nitrogen showed a passing quality by both laboratory methods and a satisfactory availabilit}^ by the vegetation test. Avail Tankage. The total nitrogen showed a fair activity by both laboratory 36 methods. The actual availability based on the yield of dry matter was 51 per cent, and on the basis of nitrogen recovered 50 per cent, as compared with dried blood at 80 per cent. The water insoluble nitrogen showed an activity of just 50 per cent by the alkaline, and 79 per cent by the neutral method. The actual availability of this part of the nitrogen was low, being about 46 per cent on the basis of both jdeld of diy matter and nitrogen recovered. Georgia Tankage. The activity of the total nitrogen was satisfactory by both laboratory methods. The availability of the total nitrogen was 53 per cent on the basis of yield of dry matter, and 49 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. The water insoluble nitrogen showed a passing quality by both laboratory methods, but an actual availability of only about 50 per cent on the basis of jdeld of dry matter, and 48 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. Hynite Tankage. The total nitrogen showed a satisfactory activity by both laboratorj^ methods, and an actual availability of about 62 per cent on the basis of yield of dry matter, and 59 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. The water insoluble nitrogen showed a satisfactory activity by both laboratory methods, but showed a low availability by the vegetation test, about 48 per cent on the basis of yield of dry matter, and 49 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. These figures confirm the low availability noted on the water insoluble portion of the nitrogen on this material in 1926. Rehmsdorf Tankage. The activity of the total nitrogen by both laboratory methods was satisfactory. The availability of the total nitrogen by the vegetation test was 57 per cent on the basis of the jdeld of dry matter, and 53 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. The water insoluble nitrogen showed an activity of only 45 per cent by the alkaline, and 81 per cent by the neutral permanganate method. The availability of this part of the nitrogen was low, being only 45 per cent on the basis of dry matter yield, and 43 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. This confirms the low availability noted on the water insoluble nitrogen on this material in the 1926 experiment. ImhofF Tank Sewage Sludge. The total nitrogen showed a fair activity by the alkaline, and a low activity by the neutral method. The actual availability of the total nitrogen was low on the basis of both yield of dry matter and nitrogen recovered. The water insoluble nitrogen showed only 46 per cent activity by the all?;aline, and 83 per cent by the neutral method. The actual availability of this part of the nitrogen as measured by the vegetation experiment was low, but was about equal to the actual availability of its total nitrogen. Horn and Hoof Meal. Both the laboratory methods and the vegetation test classed both the total nitrogen and the water insoluble nitrogen in this material as being of good quality. Animal Tankage. Both the activity and actual availability of the total nitrogen were satisfactory. The water insoluble nitrogen showed a passing quality by only a small margin by the allcaline method, and about 92 per cent by the neutral method. The actual availability of this part of the nitrogen was not satisfactory, being less than 51 per cent on the basis of }deld of dry matter, and about 49 per cent on the basis of nitrogen recovered. The product had the appearance of being a mixture of animal tankage and processed low-grade material. The accompanying photographs furnish interesting confirmation as to the growth secured from the use of each nitrogen product. DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILIZERS FOR SALE IN THE STATE IN 1927. The American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. American Chemical Specialties Co., Springfield, N. J. American Cyanamid Co., 535 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Soda Products Co., 322 Chestnut St., Moorestown, N. J. Apothecaries Hall Co., 8-24 I^enedict St., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 50 Broad St., New York, N. Y. Ashcraft- Wilkinson Co., 601 Trust Company of Georgia Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Atlantic Packing Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. The Baker Castor Oil Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Barrie Laboratories, Inc., 261 Franklin St., Boston, Mass. Beach Soap Co., cor. Maple and Lawrence Sts., Lawrence, Mass. The Berkshire Chemical Co., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc., 390-2 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 85 State St., Boston, Mass. 37 F. W. Erode Corp., 119 Madison Ave., Memphis, Tenn. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. C. & R. Sales Co., Worcester, Mass. The E. D. Chittenden Co., 1115 Main St., Bridgeport, Conn. Clay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, England. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. J. J. Corkery, 116 Jefferson Ave., Everett, Mass. The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., Kent, Ohio. S. P. Davis, 207-8-9 Home Insurance Bldg., Little Rock, Ark. Jacob Dold Packing Co., 745 WilUam St., Buffalo, N. Y. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp., Nelson Ave. and Hill St., Long Island City, N. Y. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex Fertilizer Co., 39 North Market St., Boston, Mass. The Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, 111. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 and 9 South Market St., Boston, Mass. Ford Motor Co., Detroit, Mich. The L. T. Frisbie Co., New Haven, Conn. H. L. Frost & Co., 20 Mill St., ArUngton, Mass. The Grasselli Chemical Co. of Massachusetts, 32 India St., Boston, Mass. Greene & Co., Marblehead, Mass. Thomas Hersom & Co., New Bedford, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Front and Union Sts., Memphis, Tenn. International Agricultural Corp., 38 Chauncy St., Boston, Mass. International Agricultural Corp., Columbus, Ga. Henry James & Son, Inc., Somerville, Mass. The Jarecki Chemical Co., 50 Broad St., New York, N. Y. John Joynt, Lucknow, Ontario, Canada. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., 98 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Kuttroff, Pickhardt & Co., Inc., 1150 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Long Branch Sheep Farms, Bowdoinham, Me. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertihzer Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Lucas Kil-Tone Co., Vineland, N. J. The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., 30 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. The Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., East Lynn, Mass. The McCallum Co., 133 7th St., Pittsburgh, Pa. WilUam 1^. McCrilhs, 89 State St., Boston, Mass. Merrimac Chemical Co., 148 State St., Boston, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 740 Main St., Waltham, Mass. The Miller Fertilizer Co., Garrett Bldg., Baltimore, Md. The Mitchell Fertihzer Co., 26 South Water St. Providence, R. I. Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. Harold E. Nelson, 42 Washington St., Lynn, Mass. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 174 Somerville Ave., Somerville, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40A North Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Rendering Co., Brighton, Mass. Old Colony Fertihzer Co., Inc., 141 Milk St., Boston, Mass. Old Deerfield Fertihzer Co., Inc., South Deerfield, Mass. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Oyama Products Co., Newburgh, N. Y. Pacific Manure & Fertihzer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. Parmenter & Polsey Fertihzer Co., 41 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Rear 654 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 431 South Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. The Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. Rainey-Wood Coke Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N. Y. Rocky Mountain Fertihzer Co., Helena, Mont. The Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Ross Brothers Co., Worcester, Mass. N. Roy & Son, 675 Washington St., Attleboro, Mass. F. S. Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. M. L. Shoemaker Co., Inc., Delaware Ave. and Venango St., Philadelphia, Pa. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. George Stevens, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. James A. Sturges & Co., 107 Union St., Easthampton, Mass. Swift & Co. Fertilizer Works, Baltimore, Md. Henry J. Taubert, 18 Brooks St., Brighton, Mass. William Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland. Uniform Products Co., Lancaster, Pa. United States Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Victory Fertihzer Corp., 113 State St., Boston, Mass. C. P. Washburn Co., Cambridge St., Middleboro, Mass. Wessel, Duval & Co.. 25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. The Wilcox Fertihzer Co., 56 West Main St., Mystic, Conn. W. W. Windle Co., West Main St., Millbury, Mass. J. M. Woodard, Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Wm. P. Young & Son, 22 and 24 High St.. Pottstown, Pa. CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 42 DECEMBER, 1927 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION v 'Ui INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS By H. D. Haskins, M. W. Goodwin and J. W. Kuzmeski The value of lime as a soil amendment in any program for soil improve- ment is well recognized by the average farmer; the information furnished by this publication should prove of real service in the selection and purchase of Ume products for this purpose. It gives in appropriate tabular form the composition and cost of those Ume products which were offered to the Massa- chusetts trade during 1927. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 2500 l-'28 Order 936 INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1927 BY H. D. HASKINS, OFFICIAL CHEMIST, ASSISTED BY M. W. GOODWIN AND JOHN W. KUZMESKI MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS During 1927, 27 different brands of lime and 3 brands of gypsum or land plaster were registered in Massachusetts by 22 firms or individuals. The products may be grouped as follows: Hydrated or slaked lime Lime ashes Precipitated lime Ground limestone Ground shell lime Gypsum or land plaster 14 3 1 27 3 With two exceptions all of the products registered have been analyzed during the year. This work is carried on under the same rules and regulations and with the same care that characterizes the annual fertilizer control service. Products Not Sampled Atlantic Gypsum Products Co., Portsmouth, N. H., Atlantic Agricultural Gypsum. Edward Bryant Co., Boston, Mass. Tolman Lime Wood Ashes. HYDRATED OR SLAKED, PRECIPITATED AND AIR-SLAKED LIMES AND LIME ASHES Reference to Table I shows that the guarantees on these, the more active forms of lime, have as a whole been well maintained. Only one deficiency was noted, and this was of minor importance. The Agricultural Hydrated Lime, manufactured by the Lee Lime Co., showed a shortage of 3.02 per cent in magnesium oxide. This was partially made up by an overrun of 1.91 per cent in calcium oxide, so that the actual deficiency was only 1.11 per cent, or 22 pounds in a ton, which would have a value of only 12 cents. GROUND LIMESTONE AND GROUND SHELL LIME Only one brand of ground limestone was found deficient. The Monarciue Brand, put out by Clifford L. Miller, showed a shortage of 1.96 per cent magnesium oxide. This was in part made up by an overrun in calcium oxide so that the shortage was only 1.59 per cent, equivalent to about 32 pounds in a ton, which M'ould have a value of about 12 cents at the plant, this computation being based on the actual cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides, f .o.b. plant. Thedegree of fineness of the ground limestone and shell limeproducts is graphically shown in the following chart. The very fine is that portion which passes an 80- mesh sieve; the fine, that which passes a 40-mesh but is caught by an 80-mesh sieve; the coarse, "that which is caught by a 40-mesh sieve. Chart Showing Relative Fineness of Ground Limestone from Various Sources Coarse Tin* Very Fine y, ♦ » ♦ . i »:. ♦ .•♦»•♦ ♦ » ^ ? Donald U. Smith Hoosac Marble Co. Pownal Lime Co. Clifford L. Miller New England Lime Co. Solvay Process Co. Grangers Manu- facturing Co. Brewer & Co. Producers Sales Co. THE PURCHASE OF LIME The freight rate on any lime product used as a soil amendment is often an important factor in determining which is the most economical product to purchase. For this reason quotations should be secured from several sources of lime supply, giving particular preference to those plants which are located most favorably for low freight charges. The cash cost of the lime at the plant, plus the freight charges to destination, plus hauling cost from the depot to the farm; divided by the number of pounds of effective oxides in one ton of the product, will give the cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides in each instance. The following example vdH serve as an illustration : Cost Items. Ground Limestone. A B Hydrated Lime. A B Lime Ashes. Ton cost of lime, f.o.b. plant, in bags Freight charge to destination .... Cartage cost to farm (3 miles) .... $4.95 1.40 1.10 $4.50 3.00 1.10 $8.00 3.00 1.10 $5.00 3.00 1.10 $5.75 3.00 1.10 Total cost at farm ..... Pounds of effective oxides per ton Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides at farm $7.45 1060 $0.70 $8.60 1090 $0.79 $12.10 1415 $0.85 $9.10 1290 $0.71 $9.85 1100 $0.90 Table I. — Hydrated or Slaked, Precipitated or Air-Slaked Limes and Lime Ashes O 0 Calcium Magnesium H CI O ■s 0 iH^ Oxide (CaO). Oxide (MgO). iss" Name of Manufacturer and Brand. 0 d 20 6? Found. Guar- anteed. Found. Guar- anteed. •5 g 0'" P4 Cost oi fectivi Lots Draft Berkshire Hills Co., Gt. Barrington, — Mass. Agricultural Lime (1) ... 59.15 55.00 5.07 5.00 2/5 1,284 $0.39 Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Producto Agricultural Lime (1) . 60.86 60.00 2.00 1.00 1/2 1,257 .44 Producto Hydrated Lime (2) 64.98 60.00 1.23 1.00 1/2 1,324 .57 Edward Bryant Co., Boston, Mass. Tolman Land Lime (2) . . 55.01 55.00 7.53 5.00 1/5 1.251 .48 Cheshire Lime Manufacturing Co., Cheshire, Mass. Cheshire Agricultural Lime (2) . 67.16 58.00 1.94 .60 1/6 1,382 .38 Farnam-Cheshire Lime Co., Farnams, Mass. Agricultural Lime {7)* 63.03 60.00 1.38 .50 3/5 1,288 .39 Lime Ashes (1)' .... 49.35 35.00 1.09 trace 7/10 1,009 .50 Hampton Co., Easthampton, Mass. Precipitated Lime (1) 48.44 48.00 .75 .50 9/10 984 .68 Burton K. Harris, R.F.D., Saylesville, R. I. Slaked Lime (1) 50.07 50.00 23.04 18.00 1/12 1,462 .80 Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Adams Lime Ashes (1)* 54.00 50.00 1.00 .50 — 1,100 .52 Agricultural Lime (1) 58.49 58.00 1.35 .50 1/2 1,197 .48 Lee Lime Co., Lee, Mass. Agricultural Hydrated Lime (1) 47.91 46.00 28.98 32.00 1/25 1,538 .55 Luckey Lime & Supply Co., Luckey, Ohio White Hydrated Lime (1) . 49.84 42.80 34.41 32.70 1/20 1,685 1.04 New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Adams Hydrated Lime (1) . 67.35 65.00 3.30 1.00 1/10 1,413 .57 Adams Agricultural Lime (1) 62.08 50.00 1.96 1.00 1/3 1,281 .62 Nelco Agricultural Hydrated Lime (1) . 53.35 40.00 20.01 15.00 1/25 1,467 .55 Rockland & Rockport Lime Corp., 45 Milk St., Boston, Mass. (Plant at Rockland, Maine) R-R Land Lime (4) . 61.59 60.00 4.52 .50 1/3 1,322 .45 1 The remainder is either hydrated or caustic lime. ' Two analyses. 3 Total potash .17%. < Total potash .73%. Table II. — Ground Raw Limestone and Ground Shell Lime Name of Manxtfacturer AND Brand. Calcium Oxide (CaO). Found. Guar- anteed Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Found. Guar anteed. Carbonates OF Lime and MAGNESIA. Found Guar- anteed Brewer & Co., Inc., Wor- cester, Mass. Champlain Valley Agri- cultural Limestone _(2)i Grangers Manufacturing Co., West Stockbridge, Mass. Grangers Agricultural Lime- stone (7) ... Hoosac Marble Co., North Adams, Mass. Ground Marble (1) Clifford L. Miller, West Stockbridge, Mass. Monarque Brand Agricultural Limestone (2) . New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Agricultural Limestone (4) . Pownal Lime Co., Pownal, Vt. Pownal Agricultural Lime- stone (7) ... Producers Sales Co., South Norwalk, Conn. Sealshipt Brand Oyster Shell Lime (3) . Donald U. Smith, Ashley Falls, Mass. Ashley White Agricultural Limestone (1) . Solvay Process Co., Syracuse, N. Y. Solvay Pulverized Limestone (1) .... 50.73 39.21 65.72 37.24 53.51 48.36 46.26 31.65 46.87 48.00 35.00 52.00 36.87 52.00 47.00 45.00 30.00 46.50 2.56 8.23 1.09 11.76 .94 4.65 1.10 19.92 4.46 .50 1.00 1.00 13.72 .25 3.00 .75 10.00 1.50 95.89 87.39 99.35 91.04 97.46 96.02 84.85 98.14 92.97 93.00 90.00 96.00 94.48 93.31 94.00 77.00 99.00 86.00 969 949 1.136 980 1,089 1,060 938 1.031 1,004 $0.46 .45 .44 .38 .41 .47 .53 .51 .42 1 Two analyses. Table III. — Gypsum or Land Plaster^ Name or Manufacturer and Brand. Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcium Sulfate (CaSOi). Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates (CaCOj- MgCOs). Found. Found. Guar- anteed. Foimd. Guar- anteed. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 92 State St., Boston, Mass. Fine Ground Nova Scotia Plaster United States Gypsum Co., 205 West Monroe St., Chicago, 111. Ben Franklin Agricultural Gypsum 40.37 33.38 32.95 30.00 82.49 72.05 80.00 64.50 12.47 12.23 ' Gypsum does not neutralize so\ir soils. Massachusetts Agricultural Experimental Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 43 JULY, 1928 Control of Salmonella PuUorum Infection (Bacillary White Diarrhea) 1927-1928 By W. R. Hinshaw and E. F. Sanders This is the eighth annual report on the control of bacillary white diarrhea under the Poultry Disease Elimination Law. During the 1927-28 season, 232,091 tests were made on a total of 190- 658 birds in 321 flocks. In 1926-27 the total number of tests made was 127,327 in 249 flocks. A total of 138 non-reacting flocks, comprising 80,829 birds, are reported. In 85 of these flocks every bird on the farm was tested, representing a total of 58,263 birds. An effort is being made to encourage annual total flock testing, since non-consecutive "sample" or partial testing has proven to be a failure as an eradication plan. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. CONTROL OF SALMONELLA PULLORUM INFECTION IN MASSACHUSETTS 1927-1928 By W. R. Hinshaw and E. F. Sanders The 1927-28 bacillary white diarrhea testing season began August 15, 1927 and ended March 1, 1928. Three liundred and forty-four applications for testing were received and 321 flocks were tested. Twenty applications were cancelled at the owner's request, two applicants were not served because of failure to pay for previous service, and one failed to file his application in time for service. Thus, every flock owner who complied witli the testing rules was served. This was made possible liy increased funds, which in turn i)rovi(le(l addi- tional equipment and ))ersonnel, and by the excellent cooperation of the jioultrymen, the State and Coimty Extension Service, the Massachusetts Association of Certified Poultry Breeders, the administrative forces, and the laboratory and field workers. We wish at this time to express appreciation to all of the agencies that have cooperated in making the season a successful one, and especially to Dr. J. B. Lentz, Miss Miriam K. Clarke, Miss Rebecca L. Mellor, and Mr. C. B. Waite for their part in the past season's' work and in the preparation of this report. Service Rendered under the Poultry Disease Elimination Law during the 1927-1928 Season. The following is a summary of the service rendered to poultrynien during the past season: — Number of flocks tested, 321 Number of tests made, 232,091 Number of birds tested, 190,658 Non-reacting flocks, 138 Flock owners testing 100 per cent of all chickens on premises, 162 Total 100 per cent non-reacting flocks, 85 Personal conferences held with visitors at the laboratory, 76 Table 1 summarizes, by counties, the distribution of tests and infection found in the principal breeds during the 1927-28 season. The figures used in this table refer to the actual number of birds tested one or more times dur- ing the season, and not to the total tests made. The largest percentage of the birds tested were Rhode Island Reds. For a comparison of the percentage of various breeds tested during other seasons, the reader is referred to Table IV, Control Series Bulletin 39, from this Station. The miscellaneous breeds include Rhode Island Whites, Black Minorcas, Jersey Black Giants, Brahmas, Buff Plymouth Rocks, eight geese, three guinea-fowl, two jungle-fowl, and one turkey. The geese, guinea-fowl. ^ en ^ ?^ O 0- !-^ c^ -, to to - OC o 'C5 o 'o --0 -C >-; '.-S ^i '-^ ~i to C ^^ 50 t •d (S; ~ 0^ — 00 ^ C> ■* vO ^. Q Xi (s e r< t^ fc (v »- m ~o (S O E rC M l> (N ro — in OC o<_^ o^ * H 3 z " — ' rl ri (N «' o ■^' o — ' t> in in c--' o H pa (N i-H •-< (S (S Tf (N «^ on to Ol 0 z i o O CO ^ O '-O o o -H Ol ,-1 w «j "d o 05 ^ t- -H 00 « S O » >0 (N lO in "cj u H ci ■^ S C Q Z b- t^ a 1-0 -f -1 -t< Til ? CO 0> c-q CO o o t^ vS > S ^-« IC i-< W t^ r-l ■"J. > |H '^ PC "^ !/l z CU o •-O -f M lO l> lO O CO (N O CO in 05 O 50 o « <*J oj III u H O t3 lO !M © O ^ O -f rt 00 o^ x; OJ O t^ CO 03 CD ;d o --I OS •* o ^ S ^ (-_, C5 C0_ (N O -* O) --<_ (N CSl s ^ CO* co" ^ icj ^ 1^ " t/) 1 >-> 0) o CO CO Ol O r-i 05 t> O u 0 ■* ^ 1.0 CO IM OI t^ o ;;;• OS w ^. H .-n r- CO CO o -*< r» -<^ 5 O CO t~ CO •:»< o; 9- L0_ O) 0_ ■* CO_ CD t> ^ 5 i.n a a: 1/ -a t^ lO o t- -^ —1 O) o IN ^ u O X o in 'n GO in m 'n P to T)<_ — . Ol C0_ t-- 05 Tt<_ Tf i-n d 2^ im" CO OI OI (N to ■n (N OS to ^ CO OC t>. --I m o C < (N t~ i-i M OC Ol rt Ol OJ o o in i o CO ffl ■* oi ^ » in ^ 1-; t/; «^ c^) of r-T [d c CO O CO 05 o CO Ol Tt< X t- OJ O^ Q -* 00 O 03 1* t^ ^ CO CO in o5 i^ O -* (M CO co_ o_ '^l in CO cD_ •-<_ CO o 2 ~ s t-T t-T oo" TfT CO o" o" co" O* r^ PO d If- r-l Ol 01 CO O) m CO "2 -* s >. c .. 2 ■o c ■"* 13 u •a 0/ 41 o ^ o 0) c " « J2 - 1 S " ^ ^ - -c to (u :i :; CO P' O' :S "o 2 H S E^-C 1 ^ a a 'O -^ .1^ tj 3 u Pi a. u cd iCsOoof<5 « 1 0 0 £ n n.«-.^(N't'0-eTti 1 0_,f^rtO(M— i-HCJ-HTD 00 in "i ^ H E CO O to ;0 ■-< O O t- M M 'O « ?f 'T S ° •^ ^ SH E £S-c «> 8 Si^ m o 00 '-0 :o 0-) -f c^ 'O lO o in ^ ^ o vC CJ o H E f- COO^fO!N-*C^l^C5l^M rr) M CO Ot^C^t^00iM00OTt< vO 1 -^ o Lo c^ t^ cc r^ o 05. 'O^ (S *-*j s CsT t-^ C^t-H»OO00»-H^H 00 -* 'O n! ^ tH in u rj o 2 !-• 0) ^ CO O CI M IN C-l t^ t^ X CO -1< in * * J4 J-' o 00 z E ^' _o 'o E •o -\ OsC^I'N'-tO'O^iOOiOCO in * Co 1 ^C0lC0C0tD." im" r-" •£ «5 0) m rt rt rt (M >-i © ■*-) •2 3 to 2 ^ to O) to Tfi tD oo C-) iO 05 O -f ) rt ^ CO C-l vO d E "ci m j; *Z3 C! 3 O U Barnstable Berkshire Bristol Essex Franklin Hampden Hampshire Middlesex Norfolk Plymouth Worcester 0 l3 2 5 and turkey were from a flock which showed heavy infection among the chickens. One guinea hen was reported as a reactor, but all of tlie other fowl were non-reactors. The jungie-fowl, tested witli another flock, were both non-reactors. Since March 1, when the regular testing season closed, investigational testj have been made on several flocks. In one of these, five ducks and 45 pigeons were tested, none of which reacted to the routine agglutination test. These birds were on a farm where a large niunber of reactors among the chickens were detected earlier in the season. At the time the pigeons and ducks were tested, three reactors which had been, reported at the previous tests, were found among the 132 chickens. The object of making tests on fowl other than chickens has been to determine, if possible, whether or not sucli birds might be carriers of Salmonella pulloram infection. It is hoped the flock owners will cooperate next season, so tiiat more work may he done on this problem and if reactors are found, the results will be cliecked by nutop.sy and bacteriological examination. Percentage of Total Birds Tested in Flocks A summary ot the percentage of toltil birds testetl in Hocks is given in Table II. (^ne hundred and sixty-two flock owners (50.47 per cent) tested all chickens on their premises and 85 (52.17 per cent) had non-reacting flocks. Only 12 of the 162 flocks were 100 per cent tested in 1926-27 and five of these were without reactors. This demonstrates the increased interest which is being- taken in the movement for total flock testing. In the 162 flocks there were 106,455 birds (55.84 per cent of the total birds tested). In the 85 negative flocks in this group, there were 58,263 birds (54.73 per cent of the total birds in 100 per cent tested flocks). During the past season, 65 flock owners (20.25 per cent) tested 75 to 100 per cent; 43 flock owners (13.40 per cent) tested 50 to 75 per cent; and 51 flock owners (15.89 per cent) tested less than 50 per cent of all birds in their flocks. Table III is a comparative study of flocks tested with the poultry popula- tion in the State. The poultry population figures given in this table are froiii the 1925 census report, while the data regarding the estimated number oi' flocks in each county were supplied bj' the County Extension Service. Tiie authors are indebted to Professor W. C. Monalian for these statistics. Plymouth County poultrymen tested 22.73 per cent of the birds in the county and ranked first in percentage of poultry population tested in 1927-28, 50.28 per cent of all birds tested being in 100 per cent tested flocks. Tiiis county, testing 6.8 per cent of its flocks of over 50 birds, ranked tlnrd in percentage of flocks tested. Norfolk County, with 21.34 per cent, ranked second in percentage of poul- try population tested, and 52.78 per cent of all Ifirds tested in the county were in 100 per cent tested flocks. Barnstable County, with 16.05 per cent, ranked tifird in percentage ot poultry population tested, and second lioth in percentage of flocks tested, and in percentage of birds (95.63 per cent) showing no infection by means of the agglutination test. Fifty-seven and nine-hundredtlis (57.09) per cent of all birds tested in this county were in 100 per cent tested flocks. Hampshire County, witii 13.50 per cent, ranked first in jiercentage of flocivs Table III. Comparison of Flocks and Birds Tested with Poultry Population Based on 1925 Census BIROS FLOCKS OF OVER 50 BIRDS Average Counties Total Infection Per cent** Popula- Number Per cent Estimated Number Per cent tion Tested Tested Number* Tested Tested Barnstable 46,360 7,443 16:05 200 14 7.0 4.37 Berkshire 126,644 394 0.31 415 3 0.73 19.80 Bristol 249,862 23,625 9.45 1,000 47 4.70 5.18 Essex 182,552 10,717 6.S7 250 16 6.40 6.57 Franklin 98,034 4,215 4.30 500 10 2.0 5.29 Hampden 151,773 6,884 4.54 200 12 6.0 5.51 Hampshire 154,195 11,273 7.31 200 27 13.5 1.16 Middlesex 319.903 27,019 8.45 No data 45 — 5.66 Norfolk 119,683 25,538 21.34 800 36 A.5 11.01 Plymouth 200,760 45.633 22.73 1,000 68 6.8 6.48 Worcester 370,781 27.917 7.53 No data 43 — 7.39 Dukes 7,012 0 — No data 0 — — Nantucket 2,045 0 — No data 0 — — Suffolk 215 0 — No data 0 — — Totals 2,029,819 190,658 9.39 321 6.52 *ln total poultry population. **Taken from Table I. tested and in percentage (98.84 per cent) of birds showing no infection, and seventh in percentage of total birds tested. Seventj'-seven and tvk^enty-seven luindredths (77.27) per cent of all birds tested in this county were in flocks where every bird was tested. Berkshire poultrymen did the least testing of any county in the State with the exception of Dukes, Nantucket, and Suffolk, M'liere very few birds are raised. Range of Infection The range of infection in flocks tested during the 1927-28 season was from 0 to 44.40 per cent. Table IV gives a summary of the average range of in- fection in flocks over a period of five years. Twenty-four more flocks were reported as having no reactors in 1927-28 than in 1926-27. There were 40,560 more birds in non-reacting flocks in 1927- 28 than in any previous year in the five-year period. During the 1927-28 season a nmch larger number of heavily infected flocks were detected than heretofore. Of the 31 flocks having over 20 per cent in- fection, 17 were tested for the first time, 13 were tested for two or more con- secutive years, and one was tested in 1925-26, but not in 1926-27. There are several possible explanations of the high percentage of infection in the 31 flocks discussed above. For instance, one man who had 10.55 per cent infection in 1926-27 and 29.09 per cent in 1927-28, and who has tested for seven consecutive years, was reported as having his flock tested for ad\er- tising purposes rather than for eradication purposes. This same man left one reactor in his flock at the time of the 1926-27 test, which reactor was discovered to be present wiien the flock was tested during the 1927-28 season. 00 (M 1" oo— 'O— i-^-fre'-ooTtfl (NO-tt^t^'Ot^ocire^ oc x_ re_ (N •* lO ,-< ^_ ^^ -J ;D_ o" rH lo a ci lo" o" o* -^^ -T rt" X' c^ re ^ -H 00 ^- o 9- 1 JS 2^ X c^ re re >o o o "M re c-i o re re CO re rt — i IN to 1" cnMretNLOt^oo _^ !N co_ re_ 0:_ O TO_ o ^ o" o" o" en (N o)" rH TT< ^ Tf — ( -( T^ CD Ti< cc CO "O re re rt ^ to N -1 IN 1" 33,615 4,384 21,519 7,148 80 294 227 408 244 0^ c o 1^ -^O'N00>-l(M,-H IN(N o !N 1" 25,390 11,027 18,671 7,261 2,563 290 875 426 e in a; M C 0 O^Tf-t-0!N !M -^ t^ rt re ^ r-. IM re 1h Ol Tt( X O C^l CD CO r-i —I O O O CD C-) CO --^ CC it^ CO CO ^ <0 oo_ o re_^ !M TO cD_ re -H 03 CD ,4 ,-," rt o:" oo" c^" re" in 00 lO o re CO CO CO IM "^ re ^ re •1 <>) M rH No infection Less than 1%, 1-5% 0-10% 11-15% 16-20% 21-25% 26-30%, 31-35% 36-40% 41-50% 51-60% ■ 0 9 Another man had 9.87 per cent infection last year and 44.75 per cent in- fection in the 1927-28 test. He decided to eliminate his infected flock after the 1926-27 test and bought eggs for replacement from flocks known to have no reactors in tlieni for two consecutive years, but made the mistake of hatch- ing the disease-free eggs in an incubator with eggs from diseased flocks. The result was an abnormal mortality among his clucks and a high percentage of reactors in the survivors. Two of the 13 flocks, having more than 20 per cent infection and testing for two or more consecutive years, were discovered to contain reactors whicii had been found on a previous test. In answer to a questionnaire, four of these 13 flock owners reported that they had kept reactors for egg-laying- purposes, one reported that he had not, and no answer was received fro)n eight. Nine of this group tested all their birds in 1927-28, while four tested only a portion of their flocks. In 1926-27, six of the group failed to test all their birds. An individual study of eacli flock and its management needs to be made in such cases as described to ascertain wiiether or not it is iulvisable to attempt to eradicate bacillary white diarrhea. In most instances after such a study, the flock owner would probably be advised to stop breeding and to buy disease-free stock yearly for replacements. For data on the range of infection previous to 1923-24, the reader is re- ferred to Table II of Control Series Bulletin No. 39. Progress in Control of Salmonella Pullorum Infection It is a diiiicult problem to determine with accuracy the progress being made in the control of the disease in Massachusetts. The work in the past has been partly of an educational nature, leading to the present plans which we be- lieve will show nuich greater results in the future. Poultrymen have not realized the necessity for total flock testing; have thought it unnecessary to test each year after the flock became free from the disease, or if they did test, it was on only a small percentage of the flock; and have kept reactors for egg-producing purposes, and some have not removed reactors from the breeding flocks. All these factors have hindered progress. However, as seen by studying Table V, control of the disease is being- accomplished. There has been a constant increase in the number of flocks tested each year during the five-year period from 1923-1928. With the exception of 1926- 27, the number of non-reacting flocks has steadily increased. In 1926-27 there were 105 flocks tested for the first time, and nearly twice as many birds were tested as in any previous season. There were 108 flocks which were tested in 1925-26, but not in 1926-27. Since 81 of these flocks were on the non- reacting list of 1925-26, only 43 non-reacting flocks of 1925-26 were again tested in 1926-27. The large number of new flocks tested and the lack of consecu- tive 100 per cent testing proliably account for the decrease in number of non-reacting flocks that season. A similar condition existed in 1927-28, when 106 new flocks were tested, but 93 of those tested in 1926-27 were not tested in 1927-28. Among these 93 there were 35 of the 114 non-reacting flocks of that year. The most significant data included in Table V are the comparisons of the tests made with the poultry population of Massachusetts given in the 1925 census. There has been a marked increase in the percentage of the total birds in the State which have been tested during the past two years, 6.27 per 10 f^ w ? o ^- 9^ °^. ^ ^. "^^^g<^g^^ 1- ?-sg^,i5i§§ r.-i^-^^o55^ ^^ci Su-.2c.te in S^tocco^eio^to ^ CO ^»i?g3^ig§ 01 -"^"s^^^'s- o "«, s o s*. s -a o 2 2 a a 2 s <-J o g 'o 1- "2 1.-J t^) aj s ^) Ci ^ $J C5 4) a n -. -2 ftl I'S 1 a o o « o t'! o 1 i 1 1 i 1 1 ^ Z t, H ^ a a, 11 cent being tested in 192()-27, and 9.39 per cent in 1927-28. It has been esti- mated that approximately 25 per cent of all tiie birds in the State will be needed to supply the demand for enough tested breeding stock for annual replacements, so the number of birds tested will have to be more than doubled to meet this possible demand. In 1927-28, 3.98 per cent of the poultry population of Massachusetts was in non-reacting flocks. This is twice tiie percentage of 1926-27, slightly more than twice that of 192.'5-26, three times that of 1924-25, and over six times that of 1923-21.. It will be noted that though there were less non-react- ing flocks in 1926-27, tliere were 0.32 per cent more birds in such flocks in 1926-27 than in 1925-26. Twenty-four (21.06 per cent) nu)re non-reacting flocks were detected in 1927-28 than in 1926-27. In 1927-28 there were 1.0,560 (100.72 per cent) more birds in non-reacting flocks tiian in 1926-27. Thus it is evident tiiat eitlier larger flocks or a larger percentage of the total birds in flocks are being tested. Data collected during the 1927-28 season indicate tiiat part of the increase is due to poultrymen testing a larger percentage of the total birds in the flock. Classification of Fowl Tested Table VI gives a summary of the niunber of various fowl tested, the num- ber of males and females, and the relative percentage of infection in each. Thc'fowl other than ciiickens were tested for the purpose of determining to what extent infection exists in birds other than chickens. This phase is described elsewhere in this report. Unfortunately, we could not autojDsy the one auinea-fowl which reacted to the test. Table VI. Classification of Fowl Tested in 1927-28. Fowl Sex Total Tested Number Reactors Percentage of Infection Remarks Chickens Females Males 176,003 14,641 11,977 448 6. SO 3.06 Ducks Females Males 3 2 0 0 0.0 0.0 Tested for investigational purposes after March 1. Geese Females 8 0 0.0 Guinea fowl Females 3 1 33.33 Jungle fowl Female Male 1 1 0 0 0.0 0.0 Pigeons ? 45 0 0.0 Tested for investigational purposes after March 1. Turkey Female 1 0 0.0 Totals 190,708 12,426 6.52 12 Failure to Remove Reactors By comparing the testing re])ort!5 of 192G-27 with those of 1927-28, and by comparing the several reports of testing done within tiie season, tlie data summarized in Table VII were compiled. These data are not representative of all flocks tested, since they were compiled only from reports on flocks tested two or more times. Table VII. Number of Flock Owners Known to Have Left Reactors from Previous Tests in Their Flocks. Number of Flocks County with Reactors Number of Birds Total Reactors Left in Them Represented Left in Bristol 3 3,048 10 Essex 1 636 4 Hampden 2 1,882 7 Middlesex 5 3,959 10 Norfolk 5 5,287 23 Plymouth 7 7.578 15 Worcester 2 645 4 Total, 25 23,035 73 This table is included for the purpose of emphasizing the need for more careful observation of the control measures advised. There is no doubt but that carelessness on the part of the flock owner is responsible in most cases for the failure to remove reactors. One man informed us that he retained five reactors from one test to another to determine wiietiier or not they would be detected on retest. We did de- tect thein and he congrattilated us, not realizing the risk of re-infection to which he was subjecting iiis flock by such a procedure. It is useless for any man to try to eradicate bacillary white diarrhea by merely having his flock tested, lie is wasting his money if lie fails to practice the simple control measures given iiim with his testing report. Another poultryman wiiose flock was tested three times during the year, very carefully removed the reactors after the first test, but after the second test decided to experiment and kept tiiree. If tliese three reactors had been removed, a non-reacting rejiort could have lieen issued since they were the only ones detected by the third test. One poultryman left fifteen reactors in liis flock and when notified of it reported that his assistant iiad left tiiem in "for spite work". Whatever the reason may be, keeping reactors on tiie premises is a dangerous procedure and is not reconuuended. Keeping Reactors for Egg-Laying Purposes Tlie practice of keeping diseased birds for egg-laying purposes is quite common, as indicated by replies to a questionnaire sent to flock owners for whom testing was done in 1927-28. Out of 170 replies from flock owners having infection in their flocks, 16 (27.06 per cent) reported that they kept reactors for egg-laying purposes. 13 It is true that control measures advised in the past have nut stated deli- iiitely that reactors should be disposed of by selling for meat purposes only, l)ut it is doubtful if many farms are equipped to place birds in as strict a cpiarantine area as is necessary to remove all danger of transmission of the disease to disease-free birds kei)t on the premises. Several instances have l)een called to our attention where reactors have been kept in the same house, but in pens separate from non-reactors. In some cases it has even lieen nec- essary to pass through the pen of reactors to carry feed to the non-reactors. It has been the experience of ])oultrymen who have tried both methods that eradication is more quickly and economically accomplished if reactors are sold to the market ratiier than kept for egg-producing purposes. Tlie sac- rifice in the value of the eggs received from a flock of diseased birds will be more than returned by the increased value received from non-reacting stock ;it a later period. Age at which Pullets can be Tested For the past few years it has been considered necessary to withhold the testing of pullets until they are in production, but no experimental data have been collected to support this theory. Tlierefore, during the 1927-28 season, such information as could be obtained on the sul:)ject of pullet testing has been collected. Table VIII gives the sununary of the results in one flock which was tested nearly a month before any of the pullets started to lay, and each month thereafter for five montiis. Trapnest records on tlie flock were available. Table VIII. Summary of Tests Made on a Trapnested Flock to Obtain Information on the Proper Age to Test Pullets. Number Number Per cent Time of Test Tested Reactors Reactors Production Oct. 5, 1927 88 19 21.59 None Nov. 2, 1927 56 2 S.57 10 per cent Dec. 14, 1927 50 2 4.00 50 per cent Jan. 12, 1928 37 0 0.00 All laying Feb. U, 1928 .37 0 0.00 All laying Mar. 14, 1928 37 0 0.00 All laying There were 88 birds in the flock at the first test and 19 (21.59 per cent) reacted to the original test. The flock was culled to 56 birds and when tested the second time was in 10 per cent production. Two reactors were detected at this time, one a female which had not started to lay, and the other a male. Both birds were culled by a 1-25 dilution test; the female gave no reaction in 1-50 dilution, while the male gave only a partial reaction in 1-50 dilution of the blood serum-antigen mixture. Neither bird was autopsied. The flock was culled to 50 birds before the third test, at which time a female gave a complete reaction in both 1-25 and 1-50 dilutions, and a male gave a complete reaction in 1-25, but none in the 1-50 dilution. The female was autopsied and Salmonella puUorum was isolated from the ovary. This bird started laying November 20 and the test was made on December 14. By the time the fourth test was made the flock had been culled to 37 14 birds, iind tlie.se were tested at monthly intervals for three months followinii-, and no reactors ^\'ere detected. Thus, 19 (82.61 per cent) of the 23 reactors were culled one month before the flock reached 10 per cent production. The progenj^ from this flock will be availalile for testing as soon as they are large enough to withstand loss of blood. At a meeting of the New Englaiid laboratory workers engaged in Salnx-n- elia pullorum infection control work, held at Amherst, Mass., April 24, 2-5, and 26, 1928, a plan for cooperative investigation of pullet testing was agreed upon. The object of this work is to com])i]e data which will give a basis for determining the proper age to test pullets. Causes of Failure to Eradicate Salmonella Pullorum Infection There is considerable doubt in the minds of many poultrymen as to the possibilities of eradicating Salnionelhi puUorum infection from flocks by the application of the agglutination test. Space will not permit a detailed discussion here, but a careful study of Table A' will convince one that results are being obtained in Massachusetts. Hovvever, greater results will be evident when poultrymen begin to realize that they, as well as the testing laboratory, have a jKirt in the control program. Below are enumerated several of the reasons why some poultrymen are failing to get results. These were suggested by actual examples that have presented them.selves during the 1927-28 testing season. Reasons for Failure. 1. Lack of annual 100 per cent flock testing. 2. Failure to remove reactors from the flock as soon as they are re- ported. 3. Holding reactors for egg-producing purposes. 1. Feeding infertile eggs from unknown sources. 5. Failure to l)urn offal from reactors killed for home consumption. 6. Buying stock (eggs, chicks, adults) from non-tested flocks. T. Custom hatching for poultrymen who have not tested their flocks. 8. Returning birds to the flock from poultry shows and egg-laying con- tests without first quarantining and testing. 9. Failure to clean and disinfect the houses following the removal of reactors. 10. Improper numbering of blood vials. The 1928-29 Testing Plan The plan for the 1928-29 testing season has been completed, and application cards will be furnished upon request. Copies of the various forms to be used during the 1928-29 season are given below. The information sheet and the application card are sent to each applicant, and both should be carefully read before the application card is filled out and returned. The time requested for testing is only tentative, but service will be given as near as possible to the date requested. On the reverse side of the application is a space for listing flock owners whose flocks can be conveniently tested at the same time as that of the applicant. As soon as the application card is received at the laboratory an acknow- ledgment card is forwarded. Two to three weeks previous to the time the blood collector will be routed to a farm a verification card is sent to the owner. This should be promptly returned, since no testing will be done for an applicant until he has returned this card. 15 The lield sheet is lilled out in duplicate by the blood collector, and one copy is given to the flock owner while the other is sent to the lalioratory with tlie lilood samples. The blood collector is instructed to explain this report to the flock owner. After each visit to a farm the blood collector is required to fill out and return to tlie laboratory a questionnaire regarding the condition of the flock, etc. The purpose of this is to give the laboratory a complete record of each flock, which will aid us to help the flock owner to solve some of his problems. The replies given are confidential and it is hoped that the poultrjninen will cooperate with the blood collector in getting the information desired. When the test is compleced a report is sent to the flock owner with a sheet of suggestions for control of the disease. If the flock owner desires to pay for the toll charges, the laboratory results will be teleplioned and later the written report will be mailed. Cooperation of Poultrymen The poultrjinen who make application for testing are asked to cooperate in getting their applications filed before the testing season starts, to return verification cards immediately after they are received, and to notify the laboratory as soon as any changes in plans are made. The blood collector has a definite schedule, which must be observed in order to maintain efficiency in the laboratory. Therefore, a strict observance of the requests made on the final notice sent to each applicant a few days be- fore the blood collector arrives will save time and money. Reports of complaints regarding the service rendered are welcomed, and applicants are invited to make personal calls at the laboratory at any time.' However, appointments for a definite date and hour will insure service. Total flock testing is urged. If more than one test is desired during the season, every bird on the farm should be tested each time. It will pay in the end. When retesting is requested, the first test should be m.ade in August or September to insure service at a later date. The blood collector is an official agent of the department, and compliance with his requests for sufficient help and cooperation will be appreciated both by him and by the department. He has been instructed to be courteous, to handle birds with care, and to use every precaution to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. If he fails in any of these notify us immediately. His job is to collect blood samples and not to give advice on diseases or poultry husbandry. Summary During the 1927-28 testin;>- season 232,091 agglutination tests were made on 190,658 birds in 321 flocks. There were reported 80,829 (42.39 per cent) birds in 138 non-reacting flocks. There were 106 flocks tested for the first time, 156 flocks which were tested in 1926-27, and 59 flocks which were tested previous to 1926-27, but not in that season, and tested again in 1927-28. Based on the 1925 census reports, 9.39 per cent of the poultry population in Mass- achusetts was tested, and 3.98 per cent of the poultry population is concen- trated in non-reacting flocks. ]6 (Information Sheet) INFORMATION REGARDING SALMONELLA PULLORUM INFECTION (BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHEA) OF DOMESTIC FOWL FROM MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERLMENT STATION DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AxMHERST, MASS. A. GENERAL L Salmonella puUoruin infection (Bacillary White Diarrhea) is a common infectious disease of chicks and adult fowl, causing severe loss in this State. 2. The disease may be transmitted from generation to generation by car- riers, principally through eggs laid by diseased hens. 3. Carriers (reactors) may be detected by means of a laboratory test called the agglutination test. In infected flocks several tests in;iy be neces- sary to eradicate the disease from tiie flock. 4. The entire flock including males, pullets, and hens should be tested eacli year. Several tests per season on infected flocks will hasten eradication. After a flock is once free from the disease an annual 100 per cent flock test is recommended to insure freedom. 13. APPLICATION FOR AGGLUTINATION TESTING L Application for testing should be made directly to: — Department of Veterinary Science. Massachusetts Agricultural Exj^eriment Station, Amherst, Mass. 2. Tlie testing season is from August 1 to March 1. Application cards nmst be filed each year before September 1. Service cannot be guaranteed for those applying after this date. Applications will be accepted in order of priority but locality and convenience of routing with other applicants must be considered in arranging schedules. 3. Testing will be done for any flock owner in Massachusetts who will agree to: (a) Have all blood samples collected by an official blood collector, and to furnish such help as is necessary to take the samples; (b) To pay 10 cents for each blood sample tested; (c) To band all birds with an official leg band furnished at an additional charge of one cent each. Birds banded jjreviously with official bands need not be rebanded; (d) To uljserve the control measures outlined by tiie Department of ^'elerinary Science; (e) To pay for Service rendered witliin tliirty days from receipt of bill for testing; (f) To assume responsibility for losses in egg production and death of birds thought to be caused by hemorrhage following bleeding. 4. Certificates of any kind will not be issued nor will any flock OM'ner be given a guarantee that his flock is free from Salmonella puUorum infection (BaciUary White Diarrhea). The department will, however, cooperate with the State departments desiring to issue certificates of merit or to accredit flocks as being free from this disease. 17 (Application Card) MASSACHUSETTS AGRICUI/rURAL EXPERIMENT STATION DKPARTMKNT OF VKTKRINARY SCIENCE APPLICATION FOR AGGLUTINATION TEST ON DOMESTIC FOWL Name Tel. No. Date P.O. Address Express Address County Month Test is desired Total birds in flock l)reed and nuiiiher of ) Hens Pullets Males each to l^e tested: ) Do you desire a retest? Siiall your report l)e aixen to tiie County Extension Ser\ice? The Treasurer of the College will not permit additional testing until your account is paid. I promise to pay for service rendered at the rate of 10 cents for each bird tested and 1 cent for each leg band furnished, within 30 days after receipt of bill. Signed (over) 18 (Acknowledgment Card) MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION VETERINARY DEPARTMENT Amherst, 19 Dear Sir: Your application of for testing has been received. We will notify you when we are ready to take tiie Itlood samples. Yours very truly. f Verification Card) MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AMHERST, MASS. VERIFICATION OF APPLICATION Date Dear Sir: Your flock will be tested during the week of provided this card is returned to us by Your application card calls for the testing of iieiis, pullets, males. Please correct these ligurcs, stating luunlier in each breed, if more than one breed is represented. Sincerely yours. Department of Veterinary Science. 19 (Final Notice) MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AMHERST, MASS. Dear Sir: Mr. will be at your place on to collect blood samples from the birds you desire tested for bacillary white diarrliea. riease furnish the following: — 1. Stand of some sort for bleeding equipment. 2. Three seats for blood collector and his assistants. 3. Cover-alls or over-alls and jacket for field man. (Preventive measure against disease) 4. Wire frame to confine birds in corner wiiere possible. 5. Oil heater or its equivalent to keep blood samples from hemolyzing during freezing weather. 6". At least three assistants. 7. Ten to fifteen pounds of ice to pack the samples for sliipment. Note: — In order to save time and keep down the cost, it is im- portant that you have the necessary equipment and assistants at hand before the field man arrives. Whenever possible he will notify you by telephone of the exact time of his expected arrival. If a contagious disease is present, or if for any otlier reason your flock cannot be tested, please let us know by telephone immediately (Amherst 900) so tiiat other arrangements can be made. We will send by American Railway Express, iJrepaid, pails containing the necessary equipment. Please call for these pails at your express office before the field man arrives, and keep them in a safe place. Very truly yours. Department of Veterinary Science 20 (Field Sheet) Owner No. Farm Name P. O. Address Telephone Report to be telephoned Number in flock Breed Total collected Hens Pullets Males Date collected Shipped By Percent pullet production Total new leg bands Season of last test Pail numbers Cartridge numbers Received at laboratory Test fluid Testing Plan Class, of Test Agglutination No Signed.. Blood Collector 21 (Blood Collector's Questionnaire ) INFORMATION REGARDING FLOCKS TESTED FOR DETECTION OF SALMONELLA PULLORUM INFECTION Please make careful observations at each poultry plant, and fill out to the best of your ability and return at the end of the week with your expense voucher. This information is intended for the purpose of aiding us in helping the flock owner and is strictly confidential. Blood Collector Date of Collection., Flock Owner Original Source of Stock Source and kind of stock added since last previous test Does the owner trapnest? Do custom hatching? Make of incubator used Mortality from B. W. D. in chicks last spring Number of birds on place not bled: Chickens Other fowl- Number of reactors kept on farm since last test Purpose How were they isolated? "Were there any reactors from previous tests bled at this time? ( )ther fowl than chickens raised Cooperation Does the flock owner want a retest this season? Condition of Plant - Dirt floors Ventilation „.... Outside runs Condition of Flock Litter Dropping boards Type of houses Further Remarks: 22 W o w o o :^ CJ s J ^l" --1 12^ ^ D 5^ Eh K-5 -S D 2i ^ ^ ^ P^ H cfi o o ^ PS A. <: o S •"s tX! ^ ^ H g^ hi K < o <; s c/: Q 1X1 < si i-J -^ =^ d a ^ '-^ E h: « § S o S a U9 rN IC o o C3 O "^ o i-( (M 2 S :z: ^ cS -^ 0^ c 4-1 ^3 C X c C _o '-3 C w _« OJ 4) Q 5 *•, C -r. "ii O - s ii '7. z _c 4J ^1 V3 fee ?; CQSxH^i-^QsiHSaHh-! 23 (Control Sheet) CONTROL OF SALMONELLA PULLORUM INFECTION (BACILLARY WHITE DIARRHEA) IN DOMESTIC FOWL MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE L H;ive every bird on tlie farm tested every year. 2. Remove every reactor, regardless of its value, as soon as tlie report of the test is received. Sell them for meat purposes only. Do not keep any reactors for egg laying purposes, or spread the disease by selling to a neigh- bor as egg laying stock, y. All featliers and offal from birds killed for meat eating purposes siiould be disposed of bj' burning. Ivikewise Ijurn all fowls tliat die from any cause. 1. Houses should l)e thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, runs should be cleaned and all rubbish and litter removed shoidd be burned. Provide an empty pen to eacli house to facilitate cleaning and disinfection during the winter months. Use only well recommended disinfectants and be generous in tiieir use. Consult your local veterinarian or county extension service for detailed information regarding cleaning and disinfection. 5. Stock in the form of eggs, day-old chicks, or adults for replacements should be purchased only from flocks known to be free from Sahnonella pul- lorum infection (Bacillary White Diarrhea). Buy stock from poultrymen testing 100 per cent of the flock every year, and determine the date of the last test and the percentage of infection reported at that test before buying. Buy only from flocks tested by laboratories recognized as official by tlie Divi- sion of Animal Industry. CONTROL SERIES No. 44 CONTROL SERVICE INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith, Marvin W. Goodwin and John W. Kuzmeski, Chemists, Frederick A. McLaughlin, Microscopist, James T. Howard, Inspector, and Cora B. Grover, Clerk. This bulletin is a report of feed inspection service for the year ending Septem- ber 1, 1928. During the year IGOO samples of feeding stuffs, collected of dealers and manufacturers, were chemically analyzed. All of the prepared feeds con- sisting of two or more ingredients were subjected to microscopic examination as well. Two hundred and thirty-three dealers located in 141 towns and cities were visited at least once. Nine hundred and fourteen brands of feedstuffs were registered for sale in Massachusetts by 322 manufacturers. It is beUeved that the 914 registrations include most of the brands of feeding stuffs sold in Massachusetts. When sold in an appreciable amount it is not difficult to check unregistered special purpose feeds. Unregistered wheat by-prod- ucts (bran, middlings and mixed feed), and to a lesser extent other straight by-products, present greater difficulty in that at the time of shipment their ultimate destination may not be knowm and ownership may change several times whUe the goods are in transit. For this reason single cars of wheat by-prod- ucts are occasionally found which have not been registered for sale. Guarantee deficiencies were slightly greater than for 1927. No cases were brought for trial in the local courts, although in accordance with our usual custom a number of Federal samples were drawn and submitted to the Federal enforce- ment officials for action. Several samples of corn and oat mixtures were found which, whUe they purported to be whole corn and whole oats, were mixtures of corn and oat products. The manufacturers upon having the matter brought to their attention retagged the goods and registered them to conform to the true content. The sale of alfalfa leaf meal for poultry feeding is increasing. Some of this could not be properly classed as leaf meal. In accordance with the definition for alfalfa leaf meal adopted by the Association of Feed Control Officials, it should not contain more than IS per cent of fiber. Microscopic Examination Eight hundred and eighteen samples of feeding stuffs were examined. Of these only fifteen showed a variation from ingredient guarantee and in most cases this was too slight to merit serious criticism. It has been charged that many of the prepared feeds on the market contain a great deal of low grade material used as filler. Our examination does not show this to be the case. WhUe it is true that there are all sorts of feeds offered, it is also true that feeds containing filler are properly labeled and no one need be misled in their purchase. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 0 u u P &-. CO o -r^ 4) V (^ u. Jx S u* M ^ 0 rn o p H) w (i. >> 71 ^.— »^ (9 S < 3 o ba hH (S E o U O _, 0) I +j t-. C nj ^ O b c oooooooooooooooooooooooo C0a50 ^■*0505CD--l.-IOOtOO'*C>)CDaitDOtO'*[-;(N'#01-^«D OOOOOOOOOOOi-HOOOOOOOOOOOO oooooooo C C fi t4 o o o i; • '.S.S.S r c cSfeS a! — S -tJ 4-1 +J cU ..Mm 10 • ID (U 0) o o o^ . _ . c! o! C C C ^ 3 n o o o 1 i^ r^ ^ n 2 T!* 0) oj 0) :i .^i ►* t- I-. t, +j -u> m O ^x:j:i a rt ^ J Q, D. CLi C £ £ £ o Qj gpq 3 3 3 +-' -*^ crt PnfL, ■ ■ 'TaTS ■ ■ . 0) 0) d d ° "^ m ^ 9-B' • c ^^ ca 01 0) , g . .dJ O O ^ '^ oo=3- C C'O) g E c t-< c^ ^= d £ c °cS ■£6.2 _ ^ „.CJ3 £ •>>'S 29'S S'c^ t; > > >c"^ ^.S oooomQQsitSi-aiJhJKj^QQH £^§ P 5 S — 2.^ o — S b -s 'a C ■ (UTf •■• aim •J S w--. m m ''^ « S ,n a* g oi-l M o oo o 3-^'Hi-(iH'^^(>]t-l(N'ra^' (M IM 00 ■* 00 N N ' CONTROL SERIES No. 44 .g o O c i) u h i .a -6 T3 5 o 3 u O 4> 1 o S r/j U 0 C) B 1 m T3 o 12 « I*. ^ s Ua >H •S5 0 w S CO 0) o (^ «0 u >> fx| 3 -< 0 « bo (S t-i h a> > < a a o U C (P i t> i'O OS EJ-. cm CO CO (M oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 O OO© OJOIO 00 00 ^04 CO t- IC 05 X CO 1-H 00 «j t-^ t:^ C-I <0 t-I O O ^;o!D;DC-coinco Ni-Scoe^di-HcarH 00 Oi t- lo in I" t- COCD^^^OCOCO lOiONOOOOlO coN-^-^co-qST^ico CO .-< lO -H O O N 00 •^cOT)^> bs tr o c; rt — ^ ^ mow ^ pQbKW^Ifew^ 3 .2 00m rS o o XMO CO CO 10 rH OJ CO UO iH ^ C^ rH r-t CO i-( oooio^t-;da^O)C» t- oi co i> 06 o 06 HooocO'Htot-ejiomtoc-t-t-«o-^'fO 00>otot-u5OTC-O5 t^o6t-t-a3c^«ot^Q6tot^t-oooodt>!Dt>oit-t>o6i>cocococDcot-^t-^cdcot-^o6t-'tocot--t--i>t>coco Ol»NlOt-;(N-*0qu3 0q •^rHir3a)a50b^NOt-;l>OOOCOOO<;-*0<3CDOOlOCOO;C-;-rl>S ^.^ • fe "O • -^ > • co5 d 9 • ■ o owH ^oom >a wa jKmoieQZ CDHpqwwWtfMMHmo oofeHWiJcnO "H >-l ^ C<1 rf CO ■* "H "-I > :?! ^ A ?^ « c < P 4> bo 1— 1 (0 o u J3 oot>>H(?aoq<3oqqiracoooo5COoqt> qt>co-^q-He^c3rHincooqinMt> m ifl Tf lO U3 Tf^ -M* "0 "^ U3 -^ -^ -rj* Tf CO CD U^ CD U3 t- lO U3 Tf »^ irj CO -^ LO CO CD ca C3 loqqqqqioqioqoT-Hooqio o-* t-o>oioio oooomcooo oid(Nddo6o6dcJocdt>ddodi> NiN.-^Ni-H^r4cococo — -^-Jn^ -a c 3 o qcooqco>-TiOT inc-;coiooqT)<.-iooi.'3t>rfooooiaco o6dt>o6oocoino6t^tDdi>o6t>t>-* dddddddcjjddr.! oiaor^oi Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. mooqNt-; t--i-H(NqqrHqq(>iinco (N[-;qcoM;coqrHt-;qio qeorHco Tf CO CO CO Ti" CD oi Tf -"^ oi CO cc n< ui ^ ^ c4 c4 'S' oq co co co •* co co -< -^r co t* c4 in in lo in lo lO u5 lo lo lo in lo lo lO lo CO in in in in in in in in m in in in m m in inqqt^inqqqininO'Hqininq qinqqinininot^r-ioinoic^in Tt -^ Tf CO ■* ■* -^f ■* -^ -^ -^ ■* in -^ Tti -Ji! -^ -^ in in CO CO CO -^ CO CO CO CO o4 CO CO a o fa 00 05 in t> c- ^ rj. in in CD •^ 10 in '^ in in •«< in •* in iri in tp in in in in ri* in in in in in in in rf in -* z S H O « PL, qqqqqqqqqqqc^qqqq qinininqqqqqoo qqcainq inio'iniriinioincoinindininindco ■^inrf-^inininTt-^co^incoeoin 1 3 IC to ^ ■'J^ ^ ^ lO t- t' CD C^ -^ «D :D CO LO iO CD CO IC CO CO lO CO CD lO lO CD CO -^ t> O .H .-1 rt T-l .H ,H ■-( ^ ,-1 ,-1 rH >-l .-H ■-! W T-l ,-i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ rH .-1 -H ^ -H -H i-H rH i-H qc^co qqqqcoin-^ (NrHt^rH-*q cqqr--o^ So <^a3 c QQ j cam 1^ N T-l rH rH in ■■a' CD 05 —I C- IN •* CO N N in M .H >-l -^ .-1 .H CO >-l CO CO IN c^ ^ -^ ■* INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS ICOOiOOOOOOOLOOOOiOOiOLOOOiOLCiiMOO'-HOiC »-tC0X»-»'-'!Nt>iJlOiCiOT}<askCc-3a;ocorHU5aiwc»i-^coTi;oO'^co ti cQ SwZ oEraciMtfo WQ5pHoQD3>aoE *-< — — W — ^--^-H^XiOlCCO^^ — COCOC^I^^fM^'-'^^t^'-' !^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiO CO;0^cr>^<;Oc!D^^CDtD!^^^050CO OOOOOOOOOOOOiOiOOiC ooodooooooooooooi . C3 o ■ « 3 •^■~ ■ ■ • -rl ^ dM • . . -s^u -S S§6"^ .gSS"" .6d.S§ Sg^SS g-S^-S go ^'^^t^ |^^3|.^-nn'-lC0l0lO5g.-lrH.-IC0t CONTROL SERIES No. 44 O c 0- -o « o ^ O CI « CO o = go 0 o o «3 o -0 V l^ V 1 U. f-< Ua « 0 o (0 >. ^ ri (S ?r c < p V M (S h v > <: V •u 0) a S 0 U CO 43 CO (Naic- C- Oit- w otr- en ■" ««C<1 IM co incD ^LOM ^ il oooo o oo in oo o oooo ^ CO CD IM^ .-^N 3 o o O^ r3 C-l-H lO O -^ lO O fa 1 T3 oio oo lO oo oooo g S OOtr-oocX) ot ia\a lO CD[- ■* o% '^ ^ ^ ^H ^ O « fa -a 00-^5Du3 00 CDOl IOC- 00 tr- 3 00 00X00 ^ lOCO io lO CD lO o fa C3 OOCC t- '-' 00 CDO t-oao-. [- 00 OO t™ G5 o lO CD Oi IC CO 05 ^ c a BS f/T D — o << s . 6 . . D z < C o 'I, "^ 3 o fa o C o O ^ 3 >, *~* M°^ .« « gog O^ s <: Millin hwartz o. yCity •a 3 6'^ ffiO aj 0) ham G e Feed Co., In ashbur M .a o E^ fcfal^ 0) CJ 03 c i-ifa c3 • 'o '-i. n. 3 0^ O . o2:faO 1 1 1 1 d 1 1 • 3 3 b. 0. T3 •B 0 P V 1 1 1 1 V « 1 2— . a U. ' fa ' • JS'S T3 O CQ ^j iscel ed Fe lings 1 Fee Feed a a a fa "0 CC 0 ■ Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 • S > M Clinton Mix Palmo Midc Burt's Cerea Apex Mixed |i 3- ES 2 O 0J.2 C-^M— 1 --1 ■o cac OOOO ■ C OOUO _ _2 M fcx) be bi) d c »5 CSC CmjrSi c c c c c cE^ c3 ca ca ca i; 5 _o o^cj^u<< >, O) 0) 0) 5 qJ n^ c^ SEES .S < <: < -i: < < < 0 ■^ 4J V 0 V u _ faOu 5 0 J). O " ■ .^ rt c "+3 C ca ^ o c - ^ - >"£ o o ■« EE Q « o o ^ o ■-~" 04 oj 5 oi ;j; o o • u o .^ a; o 5 E~ ^ J:! Ol ^ 04 04 IN --I • INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS •^OOCl^. WO>05-HOO!Dr^'^CONt>eOCO-^C^Tt<0(NNrH10OT05'-H000050005'^u;OiOOOU;rH.HinoOOCDNOOCO oooooioooooooooooooooooooooinooooooooooooooooooooo ooo-^cDx^oo[>«;aiXxxoooot-ajo-oooot>o<»i>t-tr-o6oo6t>odait>t--t>a5odc50^as05od^^o6o6'-^ o^^'^o>uoc^ocot^c^o^oiO'--^^o:)t>coioi>0':oo^ooooO'^icc>ioo^cx)iOTj*oiot-;Dcoioo>oocDiooooa5 iCTt*cooo!£>cc^-*Ho^oc»^^t>xc^iccDoo^t>»-Ha5Coodo^iOi-HO OOOOiCiCOiCOirtOi^iooiOOOOOOO»OOlOOOiOOOOOOOiOO»OOOlOOOOOOOOOlO oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ^lWl^ac^|^]c^(Nc-^«'H05(^JNON05a5■^mNlotO'-^^;oqa;OMu;t^IHt>I>cot>OMc^^r^t>»lOTlooaixxxOCT>xo^Ci05Xo^a5o6o^o^aiaic3daio6o 01 a a . bD CuO bH c c c o o u 666 . ,6 £ WWW . SSSSS •S.S.S . . . .. , 2 a oocc^ see - r -'^'^"^^^►S^^S^ feSfe rt 3 3SS £c^.2=>>'>>"^" S =2 o s.s.s.s^-S-g-g-g-g-g^-g i-^i:^ 5-SQQm £ e S £ s g g^^^^^s^ss S S'S^^^ S 1^-2-= aaa^ 3 = 3 3 3 3 3 3^^^^ Ig ^^11 o o o g c g e e ^>.>.>. <<^>?»^>^h?fe(iHEE t3^^j^ "^.J^ M^„' 3 bS &fo.2?'W'B inNNC^ico — M'^'-^'^ ■^^'-^M"* c^"''^^^^'-'MI^ NiH CO ■^'HMc^iminth c^i-^jtc^ 1-1 C5 MX ,-it>«D !-!■<* rturs-HM 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 b c oooooooooooooooooooooinooooooooooo c U hi ^ « s . 0-3-0 ""S3 « c .5 *J o -^ « V o U Q 03 'TS « Eti ^ I*" ° .s 0 < o s go: "(3 e < K V bfl IS u (0 > < 0. S o U O _ 0) , +^ OS a>^>ocDoooot>co»-*ci^ccoir5co-^icoio»-Hasooooot-coox oooooioooooooioicoiooooimooooooooiooi^oo CTi05«>e-Hio ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo M^io.-JOcoooO'-iooiOr-N«oeocooqoqoq;DcOTjo o»ooioir3i-l^t'io^od»-HOO'^^ioo^iocooiO^^-^oc^t>Tf'»^oo ■^ooMOt'-^o-^t-oooooO'^iOi-H^rjo^^wo^^t-^x^a^'^Trwi-nn oo6o^oo^aioo6o^oo6aio6o0:ooa:ooaiO5O5a5Oajoa;t't'a:^a!a5 &n bC b£ .s.s.s ■ ■ =a - XI "O T3 L ■3 S . — > :<3 03 CQ rh t- t4 tH fcH 73 ^-^ ,'3 O O O C N O . . . ca-tj P^ . . ..Sfo s c c u o . Mi-ii-i a 3 «. . o d o o g g" Sf M M M c c bC.C C C C ■=■-.,, O m -ti ti t^ ^ ^ "5 .£^£« = SJUSS CJ CJ|— iHm-Hh-l O O O o OOOO • bfl bfl bfl-^ . c c s c O O OS o o ° "^ o ° TSTS-a i; _ _ = E +^ -M -M ii ^" C 13 fi S 2;i-;oooeL, 5SE J2 3 3 :zzzz o '3 >>■;: C3.2 ^ :2aS-5..2S ^.2 fSl^^g'^Q^Isgi f^°5 o S o^ - — «.2-^ >> ■2- Sai4«i5 !? c c c J S 3 3 .3 . O ft, pa pa < Ph <: 0, NiNcO'-i—iojcsc^juJCJiOrH.-i.-i.-iM'-ico-H^cg^iocg-O'^c^MCa'^-Htoeo INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 11 OOOOOiOOUOOOOOOiOOOiOOOOOiOOOOOOOOOOiOOOOiOOOOO ooJc^oiwo(Ncooa^o^(N^ooo^»-'oocoqloo■^lOIHecm^-eo■^cot-«oo5t-«Dr^loooo■^■5);o5 ^oincoooq OOOOiCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO oooooo NOT^(Nl^^cocHi-irHr-(,-irH •^■^Ni>0'^(>aco-^-*'-HNOi-HOi-*'*Nt-;'^at^NeoNt>t>coo5coooooqioot-t---^t-o ci 00 OS ^ o cj C5 00 00 o>oo OS o o Oios o O500 o^ 00 1-H C5ajooot>oai0i0c>03 00 t^-o^oi 0 05 05 Hg .gg ■5'-'^ . So .06006060 S5_pp 07,'S _.=:=; or^ir'^o 0000, ;.^ll I Cr d . . . .c6dS.s.a.s.s.s.s.s.s^^^" g[2S5--"C«"uooocH55 ^s^d.s o ooo^gggggg£g:52'^=3«;Sf^^^^.^.^.--^^gg^^.|^^ 6S-3-S0 2 L. Mi2i2iSi2i2^feOOOOOOOO g S ^ S ES---.S = = = '5-S « « mm m.^.S § § '^-S'S^-SO ffipHfePMPHO'aatfMMMmmMwwQQH;i-;oMHHt2>>>OOKffiffiMW^§wm i-;w>^iJO'M •>•& r-CT3 O " =: g a '^^^ > -S -g.S • -2 • •. 1 tfS&' '^^ • o •!-=> -f^ b^S -Ts-c • • • S ^ fe • • • ■ c -a c • « b.,^ fi fL,CL,CL,eL,(iyO'CyO'eQ^ffife^ffiPfe^«>^gSwHOt3>^>SSqqpQt^fqpqM^PQ^ CHWh-IO'^ M^ioiracooro— |^^•-^(^^cocoo505•^'-loo^(^^•-l1-|(Mt-(^llO-H(Mc^,^c^^^-^-H-^^^col^]^]<^^ rtco^cortr-i 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 3 .a a o O 0) U -C5 CU ^ -rt **— ^ •3 03 •o 3 V a 44 o o Y c! 0 &> 1 u p i m 1^ -c 00 y g *d [i, S '^ i-P O •«) o M (^ S. « 0, S 0 . 1 t-OHNCOC- 01 mcg^too < 1 -a 001000 gs -acio-^rft- X og f^ 3 10 CO o^ ^ ^ (M-^JXNtO^ b Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. 1OIO00U5— 1 10 10 Tf -^ 10 OOiMO© ^ CO CO ^ ''i* 0 g < ^ rt [^ -o OC0CT>-*lO 3 Tf »OC0 U310 0 fx, 0 c oooioo z ■*!rib-oo.-i (M^e^i-KM 01 o (I4 •d m ^ es H « P s c fa ;§■■.- p «j 0 s dW •- fa 0 S a> 0) £^>ff 0 - 0 a) j! CS s ^.i* • • • c3 • m « 0 fa p 2 g ^ 1 S-s^^S a ^g5og lllll H&qpHpiH ife-ss ^^ca-H^ % Tfcqioicojoico-^Ntocoo^ co>noieoc4icic4t>Na:^^3iai oqq indoo fcoooiNC^oioaiioc-e^'-D-r); -;oo-- lOio^oiiotcNt^cococoooq ■*CO-*CO-^^'#C'J!O^CO'HCO iNooo©>no>ooo qoin 10 tJ -^05 -^CJCON-^ >*-*■«<•* •*o5cq qorHcot>t>r>«Dt>t>iOr^o ,-;sqoo ■*io-* loqqqioqqqqqqqq oSoJoJdooo^oOixaiOTod oqq wdoC' qt-;to^-*coi.ooqNoq>oqo do50Jdaia>o?050Jooai-^CTi cox« oJd-* CiQ t-M"*ocoioooq'-;qMcooq oooo^ooddc'OOdooasoo c = c hH "^ HH 3 C M J. 5'c3.S " — C 3 jig ea|l5 hhoSqk o ct QJ rHrhn:: _:; = 3 K M 0) 3 3;=; ■■ c u V 0 b 10, '.V.T^ _ S " 0, S ^■3 '.^ S g » O 3 g c a =« 7, h ta 0*^.3 ^ * QJ ca CiHOWWOWpHtl,! ■ ■ '^^ -330 . . 0, o yJ 0) Si '^ 3:5 "■S (DC5-3 ».2lac3 41 J5 00 ajfefe, ^32 CO-HrHC^—lrHr-ICOCONOOCOlM INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 13 oooooooooooo OOOOOOOOO'^ oooooooo oooooooooooo 05-^i-liMaiOt-OOOO0J^^0J0^o6ioooc-^o6t>t-^t-^od«odo5-^cot> <0l0^tDC0C0«0ir5lOlOlOiX> iHOOWCOrHCDlOUSOl r-Iocj,-Hodc^ooooo 05COlOlOU3'>#COm00500U500;OIMNCOOOOOlO i-Ht-(a5C0<^C0C0ai^CC0C0»HT]ooooioooomocj ■«t;tOt>t>OONCOMOTli>HM o-^ioo(N-*coo5oqiocn>H«DTjiooiHC--*oo ooooooooooooooooooot- aiOo^aiXC5(MaiC50^o6oodo6ooo^o6t-"aao^ TOoqOrHO'O'^omO'^oo Oi-HC^005o6oJo6^b-CJ© «jt^«5iot--->i TlJOOOt^NCOOONlfflt-OOt-OOOSOlOi-HOSOlO ooooooTHrHoaJoocJwoJoJos^t-^ooooj oot^oo^ooooc^jo^oq-^oow t>oodo6ooaso6o6'H(»oo T-HTHC^OOlOOrHlOOSCOCOUDOOOlOWOirtC^Tjf '-^Ncjoooioi'-H'^oe^icjcjoi-Jcq^iomeocacj M C . -g o ■ ■ . o ■ wss 'si ■ : : : : : ■ ■ "be ~!t,r'Rr9 mS OOOOO "" °"g is 9 -"^f^ o ° 6.5.5.S .2.^ gCM M-S S^P'^.S o^c^ca a; 0) "-c^g^^:s:s:s.s.s -sf^fc,§g:z:cL,fL,iiHpHCL,eLHfi, • S .SO wo a S~.=H ° M fife'-'*-"-' M^ SiH o « SS--3S3-2 § r' "o S t>>>>>!^ >, t3= o 0) Si^=a -a S-^ 10 !Si?i m 0) 0) 0) T3 M >; ^T;0)n'^tH^O) hH W<5ai^Wg|o„^|o2g>-^^^ o P o t^.g t, (u ?,P5 >,Wip.^ Sfm'^ h a a a CD ^-''-.'— — "•■-it-IU'i,' ^ Iliillli'SMlllirSaa (Nr^OOOJ^THi-lrH^IMIM US.-lr-ICa'HIM'HlO^CO e-li-INTjlN 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 3 .g d o O 4) u 0- TS TJ ' — :3 y o = I p 0 m ^ f=H .^ "(3 < t-i 4> bo (8 v > 0, s 0 u s^ ^ S Q) CO y-t rt^ r-« ooinoqoojco^OrHoqooo coiniooococDt^'^aJod'-^^ lOiO^C£>lO:£)(X)lO 00-^00COO:iMCO'^«O-i^CO(>i O u u o • • d C CO . . 6B ^ O CD -w ot,w2; C C^Tl in "a - I o «*> g „ u, c S I « a, _2 ^ 0 §0 2 aK r-"' t:— I O I* i 11 5 1 -a 00 - O Ot3 C Q) j-" oj i-i ra ^ -T-Hi-Ht>THc^ccocowco-^cc(M'-H moi-^ioccoo-^o^oooot^oooi-^os^icoooot- O o c c aJi-H S • a M . . . . n) . .U . . H . >^j 0).-;^ . 6.0)0). .^^'^ M M c3 £ • « SJS « « o « [1^ ts 3.2 . . S'S .-e • • =3 . . . .ws ■30 '^"•■^ . o . . . M . . . . . . 1^ _e . 5 Sl^lil^ «.l >>^ ^2 "^"^ " 8-2-s S 3 &-^ «ri^^ ^ l§ 2 20 2 2|£o2ii„0„sOcD p->,= 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 13 .a 1=1 o O I u (1) ns Qu -^ 0 TJ 4) d *» o 4) o 0 r^^ U Q w no o 4> s «4M H o J M V o ? (!< >. fli e I-H « bfl (8 h V > < a S o U 31 S "i* i «^ OS ^ ii 3.A ° '^"S ■^t>U3t0O00t>C0t;T!<50m OOOU50iOiOOOO»f5iC OOOOOOOOOOOOOinOOOt-;OOlO ioiooa>!OooooooooOTfiat-tot-ooe-( 1-1 iH rt i-H ,-1 ^ r-l i-< (M r-l .-I ,-1 (M (N N tH t-( .H T OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOlffl I'-HNIMNIM'-l'-l'-li-c ooooji3;-^oo«OMNt^eJOcoooq«ot>«DrHiOTi< flj tH CO tn ■*-* te ■'-' •■-' oca . -6 .^ o o ..s m£ j3 O rT ^4J c« . a! o o o bo bl bo S - . . =s ::2 • • . 0) — o o o« §000 bo bO bo— Si2So 2 CI c d ta.S--^ w'O >> o .■s:t:o Sa£:So g«g£f^§§SS o = w bo P • • • • - t. o o o o -UuoOO ^ bO bo bo bO , 0) 0) (un. e-" SS^ri bObObObO- :>,Ecc--<^0">0 !>,'2 -c J3 J3 -a ^ 2SSS-S^-2^>'^o|oooo = ^a^cqeqwcqoOOWOWi-si-si-si-sO o I S bo S 10 Q) c S - « ? O o u-l^oo c 2 «.2 " O J3 S O.ti I .'^. 3 3'.c-^ >,.t; 0.3 Si .0'^^OT>OeqpL, ■ S • sin bo-S =3*< =« • dJ3-C5!C£)^'^ m'^-S S ^||^«^bo-3S^§^ a;§§a^cte_QboJ3 --" "S Mbo >.§•>;§ :5 -g br'^fS UiS>bo— "bobocirQcag^SJQHk-! b0rtM'^BqHH'-J*^hJ«.M'2a „2 gSSbo£,air- OOOOOOOOOi0ii^OOOOOOOU5OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO>OOOoOOOin00>'5OOOO oooooooooinooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oood«oo6<»'^o6t^«o«5odo6ooioo50o6>ooooooioo[-^03No6i»oaio6(X c^N^T--(,-^,-^■-^rH-^,-^TH,^.-^CJW'H.H(N•^THc<^ca(^]lNC<^>-^W'H>^(^^,-H,-^c-Hrt.-HrH<^](^^rf(^^rtIH,-^(^art(^^ tdoa5'^05o6>no6too6o6tDa>'HOo6oo6OTino>oo-Ht^t^>-H«5 0coo>^rHOo6o6<» ^HegT-^l^^,H,MrHrH■-^r-llMl-^tHCJM'-H(^^^^.HW-^r^THr^(NlN(^^r^(N»-^(NC^l>^^ Noqcoo5moi>TON05CD05co«oocDri XX 05 05 05 OS 00 CTi OS Oi OS 00 00 o o^ 00 Oicioi 00 00 0c^0i05c>i> Ol *MMrHcg<^^cq^]^J(^q(^ae^l^^(^ac^c^c^r^cqrHel^^■-^-^ 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 «O<3JCD00U3^(OmN>Ot-t- ooooiooooooooinooooo OOOOOOOOIOOOO -*T|(oocat-t-Nt-T)iott> ?, "' x '^ xooa5^coai'^ioo'^oxcxjoiait>io C:-cocct't-CD'X!t>t-t-tr--liOC0^00OlC(MC-MC0r-<'^ ;D«OlOO;tDO(NlN05'- cfefegj-iM £ g c ^ ^. t.'-' «•? 2^ .§s^ ;o r "■5 5 »«"► £« fc-r 3 C C 60 C CMSCb U o o c= CO d'=3»^ be ^ bc.^ ^ •« xi Ji: o ►r^ .li ' " c c b-g goS- c =« S- - - - .-irt-JM— lcio^c^ 0100500 to (Nt-^osOOT'^oojinoiT^ CJ«3rHio-7t;iOT:)oio65od«)oooJoaioi5Do650o>cic-^ci«3od 0'-icocjcod'*cjcaocjcic-^^ci^ < 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 coddcJo6o6ddcx3o6oddtDdc-^o6 asidaiddciodooaJdooioinoooootS c 3 o fa oqcooc-;'HOiO'-C10'^OOiOt:-COCOCOClt'CO^^ lodioxt'^'^^oorp^oodcoco-'ttr- cDOiioindood^oodwo^ddidoJ in^iO'^ioiorfin-^^TfC'ioin^io ■^■^■^■^^■cr-^inrfTf-rf-^.^'.^Tf-cf p E- O < D Z < El. O Ed S 6 6 u ^ o - o . . . . -s O.O. American Agricultural Ch Butchers Rendering Co. John C. Dow Co. . W. D. Higgins Co. . Lowell Rendering Co. Jas. F. Morse & Co. Jas. F. Morse & Co. New England Rendering Norton Tallow Co. Pawtucket Rendering Co Pawtucket Rendering Co E. Rauh & Sons Animal J John Reardon & Sons Co N. Roy & Son Springfield Rendering Co Worcester Rendering Co. American Agricultural Ch Beach Soap Co. Butchers Rendering Co. John C. Dow Co. . John C. Dow Co. . W. D. Higgins Co. . Hinckley Rendering Co. Lowell Rendering Co. Lowell Rendering Co. Geo. E. Marsh Co. Geo. E. Marsh Co. New England By-Produet New England By-Product New England Rendering Norton Tallow Co. Pawtucket Rendering Co. b 6. i a w ca fa Meat. Protox Meat & Bone Scrap Special Meat Scrap Dow's 55' ( Beef Scraps . Meat & Bone Scraps Perfection Poultry Food . Morse's 55 Ground Beef Scrap Morse's 45 Ground Beef Scrap Brighton Meat Scraps Norton's Meat & Bone Pawrenco Meat Scrap Pawtucket Poultry Feed Rauh's Meato Reardon's 55'.:;, Meat Scraps . Steamed Meat & Bone Meal . Brightwood Special Meat Scraps Special Meat Scraps Meat and Bone. Capital Meat & Bone Scrap Beach Superior Beef Scrap Butchers Poultry Feed Dow's Ground Beef Scrap Dow's 40' ; Beef Scraps . Meat & Bone Scraps Hinckley Poultry Feed Perfection Poultry Food . Peerless Poultry Food Marsh's Diamond Special Scraps Marsh's Pure Ground Scraps . Blue Seal Meat Scraps White Seal Meat Scraps , Brighton Bull Meat Scraps Meat & Bone Poultry Food Pawtucket Poultry Feed i C0COlnrtCICO^'*-^Cl- 0 U to <1) f Q O (a U. Ph «4a ij 0 <; to ?i 0) to ?^ >, ^ (S <> 8, t— 1 « h v > -< V 4J 44 a S 0 U pH-g.«) ^ ^ 1— I O C5 CO "i CO 00 '-i O!t>C0 eoioeo O^ ^^ t~ Tf Tf OOOOO OOOOCO 't'^'^ "^"^"^ «)«5o6odo6 lOCDUSCDO OOO O lO O I coo t-;tC;C i-i-H 1-5 oicoo OOOOO oooooq lO^DiOiOVO oNcioco M'COTl'iO-^ W-lrtlMIN c a e WW ^'i S3 03 ■m a) 0) 0) Q>^2 -^ -*-* pH Oh tj3 0) 0) r! d C " P c a (U o " O o a ii « « U QJ O ^57 CO a) a) "''S bL 3 CQ o a) o S m-S 3 aj •r^ ";> -a -►-> "o a3 ^.Sf^S 01 ° t, CSTJ to BJ ■O C-gfli aj O '-' o oS SQ SQ.S.:S m o ai •'-■ pqfiHQW 3 O 3 'J i C5.H 00 --ICO ICO^T-I M"-*'-! ■^CO-^rH INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 21 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees. (Shortages of less than one per cent in protein or fat or an excess of less than one per cent fiber are not listed.) "2 1 s &• o ■3 0 s p. s eg §5 0 ■" C M ii! .•1 i-iSteAKi . te! ■jf 1 Manufacturer and Brand. c .2 0 0) •SS3 oPh fa 1^ E 1 1 E. T. Allen Co. Premier Choice Cottonseed Meal 4.3 . 2 1 American Linseed Co. 0. P. Flaxseed Screenings Oil Feed . - _ 1.3 6 1 American Maize-Products Co. Cream of Corn Gluten Feed _ _ 2.8 2 1 American Milling Co. Amco Laying Mash with Alfalfa Meal 1.0 _ _ 2 2 Arcady Farms Milling Co. f Peerless Milk Ration .... \ Peerless Milk Ration .... - - 1.7 2.9 5 16 2 2 Ashcraft- Wilkinson Co. f Helmet Brand Prime Cottonseed Meal 1 Helmet Brand Prime Cottonseed Meal ^Paramount Good Cottonseed Meal . \ Paramount Good Cottonseed Meal . 2.9 1.6 2.1 - 1.3 3 2 E. W. Bailey & Co. f Pennant Brand Stock Feed \ Pennant Brand Stock Feed - 2.9 1.7 - 1 1 Beach Soap Co. Beach's Superior Beef Scraps . - 4.1 _ 1 1 Beacon Milling Co., Inc. Auburn Dairy Feed ....'. - 1.0 _ 2 1 F. W. Brode Corp. Owl Brand 36% Prime Cottonseed Meal . 1.7 - _ 2 2 Butman Grain Co. f Climax Laying Mash .... \ Climax Laying Mash .... 2.4 2.8 - - 1 1 S, J. Cherry & Sons, Ltd. Wheat Bran 2.0 _ _ 4 2 Consolidated Rendering Co. f Peerless Bone Meal .... (Peerless Bone Meal .... - 3.1 2.8 - 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 J. Cushing Co. Big C Dairy Feed Quality 20% Dairy Feed .... Quality Stock Feed Big C Growing Mash .... Big C Growing Mash .... '2.0 - 1.4 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.4 3 1 Cutler Co. King 22% Milk Ration .... 1.2 _ _ 1 1 1 1 J. W. Day & Co. Climax Growing Feed .... Climax Laying Mash .... 1.0 3.2 : 1.6 5 2 Delaware Mills Inc. /Delaware Stock Feed .... \ Delaware Stock Feed . . ... - - 2.5 1.7 5 1 2 1 John C. Dow Co. JDow's 5.5% Beef Scraps .... IDow's 55% Beef Scraps .... Dow's Bone Meal ..... 2.0 1.8 1.4 - - 22 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Continued. dJ c 3 c _J_, o O c tJl a a • -. (D £ 0) Q. c = S S fc a c: m m 2 2 2 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 5 1 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 Manufacturer and Brand. Elmore Milling Co., Inc. ( Chixsaver ..... \ Chixsaver ..... Elmore Laying Mash (Storrs Formula) John W. Eshelman & Sons. Lancaster 20% Dairy Feed Pennsy 16% Dairy Feed . Flory Milling Co., Inc. Red Dog Flour Flory's Dairy Feed Flory's Stock Feed Flory's Horse Feed Flory's Egg Mash Fraser Milk Products Co., inc. Dried Skimmilk Powder . Glen Mills Cereal Co. Glenceco Wheat Feed Greene Chick Feed Co. Laymor Mash Hinckley Rendering Co. f Hinckley Poultry Feed . \ Hinckley Poultry Feed . Humphreys-Godwin Co. Bull Brand Cottonseed Meal Danish Brand Cottonseed Meal L. B. Lovitt & Co. Lovit Brand 41% Cottonseed Meal Maritime Milling Co., Inc. Bull Brand Stock Feed Meech & Stoddard, Inc. Red Wing Dairy Ration . Red Wing Stock Feed New England By-Products Corp. Blue Seal Meat Scraps New England Rendering Co. (■Brighton Meat Scraps \ Brighton Meat Scraps Brighton Bull Meat Scraps [Brighton Feeding Bone . ] Brighton Feeding Bone . [Brighton Feeding Bone . Newton Feed Co. Newtrio 20% Dairy Ration Norton Tallow Co. Norton's High Grade Meat & Bone . Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd. Ogilvie Wheat Shorts Ontario Milling Co., Inc. Uncle John's 24% Cream Pot Ration Big Value Dairy Feed (Uncle John's Stock Feed. ] Uncle John's Stock Feed [Uncle John's Stock Feed Park & Pollard Co., Inc. Chelsea Horse Feed . . . . Q3 1.4 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.3 2.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.7 2.7 2.7 2.4 1.6 3.8 3.1 2.2 2.9 2.0 3.4 1.6 1.4 1.8 5 3 a;'-' Q ^ S 2.2 2.6 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 2.9 3.0 4.0 1.1 1.6 2.7 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Continued. 23 a 2 "E S ca M Samples not con- forming to Guar- antee. Manufacturer and Brand. c 0) eg 0,0 Q ^ 3 2 1 2 Postum Co., Inc. Burt's Dairy Feed 24% .... /Burt's Dairy Ration 20% \ Burt's Dairy Ration 20% 3.1 1.1 4.2 - - 4 1 W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc. A. D. P. 24% Dairy Ration 1.8 _ _ 2 2 Prairie State Milling Co. f Lexington Horse Feed ... \ Lexington Horse Feed ... - - 3.2 1.4 5 3 1 1 Purina Mills Purina Cow Chow 24% ... Protena Dairy Feed ... - - 1.0 2.7 2 10 5 2 1 1 Quaker Oats Co. { Vim Feed \Vim Feed ..... Boss 24% Dairy Ration . FuI-0-Pep Egg Mash .... 1.9 l.G 1.6 - 3.2 4.5 9 1 John Reardon & Sons Co. Reardon's 45% Meat & Bone Scrap . 4.6 _ _ 11 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 St. Albans Grain Co. Wirthmore 25% Balanced Ration Wirthmore Stock Feed .... Wirthmore Buttermilk Baby Chick Food . Wirthmore Growing Feed with Beef Scrap 1.5 1.3 - 1.2 1.2 2 2 A. W. Scott Co. f Atlas Poultry Greens .... \ Atlas Poultry Greens .... 1.7 1.6 - 2.1 5.4 1 1 Sherwin-Williams Co. Linseed Oil Meal ... 1.3 _ . 6 1 Standard Milling Co. Rainbow Bran ..... 1.3 _ _ 2 1 Star & Crescent Milling Co. Crescent Wheat Bran ... _ _ 1.6 1 1 D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc. Victor Dairy Feed .... 1.3 _ _ 4 1 Stratton & Co. Stratton Mixed Feed .... 1.2 _ 2 1 J. A. Sturges & Co. Jasco Stock Feed . . . 1.4 _ 1.3 1 1 C. H. Symmes Egg Maker Mash ..... 3.3 _ _ 2 2 Tioga-Empire Feed Mills, Inc. fOr-Co Feed .... \ Or-Co Feed 1.3 - 2.3 1.2 2 2 1 2 Vitality Mills, Inc. Will Pay Dairy Ration .... J Advance Egg Mash .... \ Advance Egg Mash .... 1.3 2.6 4.4 - - 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 H. K. Webster Co. Blue Seal Fancy Middlings f Blue Seal Growing Feed .... \ Blue Seal Growing Feed .... Blue Seal Meato Mash Blue Seal All Mash Ration 2.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 - - 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Concluded. "S 1 ca t C 3 c c r^ >. a • o d) jj U Manufacturer and Brand. Qg a ft^ S o QS g £c § oCl, ■sf^ .Set. a m OQ (l] fe fe West-Nesbitt Inc. 3 1 Super Dairy Ration .... Whittemore Co. 1.3 1 1 Whittemore's Horse Feed M. G. Williams Estate 1.8 2 1 Williams Balanced Ration Worcester Rendering Co. 1.0 1 1 Special Meat Scrap ..... 1.6 ~ ~ INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS Average Analyses and Retail Prices of Unmixed By-Products. 25 Nitro- Num- gen ber Water Protein Fat Free Fiber Ash Pricej FEEDSTUFFS. Year.i of (Per (Per (Per Ex- (Per (Per per Sam- Cent). Cent). Cent). tract Cent). Cent). Ton. ples. (Per Cent). Cottonseed Meal 1925 55 6.9 39.0 6.8 29.7 11.6 6.0 $55.42 Dottonseed Meal 1926 62 7.0 39.7 7.0 29.6 11.1 5.6 51.36 Cottonseed Meal 1927 98 7.2 39.2 7.1 29.1 11.2 6.2 43.14 Cottonseed Meal 1928 76 7.0 39.0 6.9 30.0 11.1 6.0 53.48 Linseed Meal . 1925 16 8.2 33.9 7.1 37.4 8.2 5.2 56.87 Linseed Meal 1926 18 8.7 35.4 6.5 36.9 7.8 4.7 58.00 Linseed Meal 1927 24 9.0 34.6 6.4 37.2 7.6 5.2 57.08 Linseed Meal 1928 27 9.1 35.1 6.0 36.8 8.0 5.0 59.37 31uten Meal 1925 5 8.6 44.4 2.6 41.2 2.1 1.1 61.60 Gluten Meal 1926 7 8.2 41.6 2.9 43.1 3.0 1.2 58.17 Sluten Meal 1927 13 9.0 42.3 3.2 42.2 1.8 1.5 54.25 Gluten Meal 1928 11 8.7 43.6 3.2 41.2 1.9 1.4 56.70 Gluten Feed 1925 24 7.6 25.7 3.2 51.7 7.3 4.5 51.29 Gluten Feed 1926 21 8.6 25.7 2.4 51.1 7.5 4.7 49.63 Gluten Feed 1927 38 9.4 25.7 2.8 49.9 7.0 5.2 45.22 Gluten Feed 1928 45 8.7 26.0 2.8 49.8 7.2 5.5 49.00 Wheat Standard Middlings 1925 30 9.2 17.0 5.7 56.2 7.3 4.6 40.55 Wheat Standard Middlings 1926 29 9.6 17.2 5.9 56.1 7.0 4.2 41.26 Wheat Standard Middlings 1927 47 10.3 17.4 5.4 55.2 7.2 4.5 40.13 Wheat Standard Middlings 1928 55 9.8 17.0 5.9 55.4 7.6 4.3 46.27 WTieat Flour Middlings . 1925 10 9.8 16.7 5.2 58.9 5.6 3.8 41.50 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1926 21 10.0 17.1 5.4 58.5 5.4 3.6 43.11 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1927 18 10.1 17.2 5.0 58.4 5.2 4.1 44.18 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1928 17 10.0 16.3 5.2 59.6 5.3 3.6 52.00 Red Dog Flour 1925 11 9.8 16.9 4.9 63.0 2.5 2.9 50.78 Red Dog Flour 1926 11 10.5 16.8 4.6 62.8 2.4 2.9 52.14 Red Dog Flour 1927 15 10.9 17.6 4.5 62.1 2.2 2.7 51.79 Red Dog Flour 1928 11 10.5 16.5 4.2 64.8 1.7 2.3 60.87 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1925 63 8.5 16.4 5.4 57.5 7.3 4.9 44.12 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1926 72 9.4 16.0 5.2 .58.1 6.8 4.5 44.46 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1927 70 9.7 17.2 4.9 56.9 6.6 4.7 42.65 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1928 77 9.8 16.5 5.2 56.5 7.3 4.7 47.80 Wheat Bran . 1925 68 7.8 15.7 5.6 55.1 9.6 6.2 38.89 Wheat Bran 1926 70 8.7 15.4 5.7 55.1 9.5 5.6 39.36 Wheat Bran 1927 97 9.7 16.3 5.1 53.7 9.4 5.8 39.63 Wheat Bran 1928 95 9.5 15.7 5.4 53.6 10.1 5.7 43.28 Rye Feed 1925 3 9.9 15.9 3.1 63.5 4.2 3.4 35.00 Rye Feed 1926 - - - - _ - - Rye Feed 1927 4 10.1 15.1 2.9 65.8 3.3 2.8 33.67 Rye Feed 1928 6 9.8 14.8 3.1 64.0 4.6 3.7 41.20 Corn Meal 1925 17 12.1 8.9 3.4 72.5 1.9 1.2 54.35 Corn Meal 1926 25 12.6 9.1 3.8 71.0 2.1 1.4 45.86 Corn Meal 1927 19 11.8 9.2 3.9 71.2 2.2 1.7 41.00 Corn Meal 1928 23 11.9 9.3 4.0 71.0 2.4 1.4 47.33 Ground Oats 1927 52 8.6 12.1 5.0 61.1 9.7 3.5 44.90 Ground Oats 1928 48 8.8 11.5 4.9 61.0 10.4 3.4 49.97 Hominy Feed 1925 41 8.5 10.9 6.4 67.5 4.1 2.6 54.77 Hominy Feed 1926 37 9.2 10.7 6.1 67.3 4.1 2.6 43.15 Hominy Feed 1927 47 9.4 10.8 6.6 66.4 4.1 2.7 41.82 Hominy Feed 1928 44 9.5 10.8 6.7 66.2 4.3 2.5 49.18 Dried Beet Pulp 1925 12 7.0 9.1 0.8 61.4 18.4 3.3 50.55 Dried Beet Pulp 1926 12 7.0 9.4 0.8 60.1 18.7 4.0 50.09 Dried Beet Pulp 1927 11 9.6 9.3 0.9 57.4 19.3 3.5 49.09 Dried Beet Pulp 1928 11 8.6 8.6 0.8 60.1 18.7 3.2 47.82 Oat Feed 1925 9 5.2 4.8 2.2 53.4 28.2 6.2 27.00 Oat Feed 1926 6 5.5 5.8 2.4 .53.5 26.8 6.0 25.50 Oat Feed 1927 3 6.7 6.5 3.0 54.3 23.7 5.8 34.00 Oat Feed 1928 4 5.8 4.8 2.1 51.7 29.3 6.3 29.00 1 From September 1 to April 30 of each year. 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 Directory of Manufacturers Who Registered Feeding Stuffs for Sale in the State in 1928. Advance Milling Co., 309 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 420 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. American Linseed Co., 297 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Maize-Products Co., 41 East Forty-Second St., New York, N. Y. American Milling Co., Peoria, 111. A. P. Ames Co., 10 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., 223 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft- Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Atkinson Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Aunt Jemima Mills Branch, Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Avondale Alfalfa Milling & Elevator Co., 432 Thatcher Bldg., Pueblo, Col. Badger Grains & Feed Co., Milwaukee, Wis. E. W. Bailey & Co., Montpelier, Vt. H. J. Baker & Bro., 271 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Big Diamond Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. Bolduc & Sons, 380 Sawyer St., New Bedford, Mass. F. W. Erode Corp., Memphis, Tenn. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Co. of North America.) C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain Co., Lynn, Mass. Caledonia Mills, Inc., St. Johnsbury, Vt. California Hawaiian Milling Co., 330 Ritch St., San Francisco, Cal. Canada Linseed Oil Mills, Ltd., 1213 East Notre Dame St., Montreal, Canada. Cereal Mills Co., Wausau, Wis. Chapin & Co., 327 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. CoUis Products Co., Clinton, Iowa. Commander Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Consolidated Rendering Co., Boston, Mass. Copeland Flour Mills, Ltd., Midland, Ontario, Canada. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery Place, New York, N. Y. J. B. Cover & Co., 150 Middle St., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd.) Crosby Milling Co., Brattleboro, Vt. Cunningham Grain Co., Maiden, Mass. (Registered also for Kimball Grain Elevator, Salem, N. H.) J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. (Registered by St. Albans Grain Co.) J. W. Day & Co., 145 Oxford St., Lynn, Mass. Decatur Milling Co., Decatur, 111. Delaware Mills, Inc., Deposit, N. Y. Denver Alfalfa Milling & Products Co., Lamar, Col. F. Diehl & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. Dixie Mills Co., East St. Louis, 111. P. A. Doherty, 26 Central St., Peabody, Mass. Dominion Flour Mills, Ltd., 300 St. Ambroise St., Montreal, Canada. Donahue-Stratton Co., Milwaukee, Wis. John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Duluth-Superior Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. Duluth Universal Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. J. L. Dunnell & Son, Bernardston, Mass. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers' Co-operative Exchange, Inc., East Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern Grain Co., Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, 33 Lyman St., Springfield, Mass. S. T. Edwards & Co., Inc., 110 South Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Elmore Milling Co., Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Empire Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Penn. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Fairmont Creamery Co., Omaha, Nebr. Frank A. Pales & Co., 119 Railroad Ave., Norwood, Mass. Federal Mill & Elevator Co., Inc., Lockport, N. Y. Fleischmann Co., Chicago, 111. William F. Fletcher, Southwick, Mass. Flory Milling Co., Inc., Bangor, Penn. A. W. Forbes, Housatonic, Mass. Fred A. Fountain, 81 Oak St., Taunton, Mass. Fraser Milk Products Co., Inc., Delhi, N. Y. E. &. A. M. Fullerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. Gilmore Grain, 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. Glen Mills Cereal Co., Newburyport, Mass. James Goldie Co., Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co., Ltd., Gloucester, Mass. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 27 D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Greene Chick Feed Co., Marblehead, Mass. Hales & Hunter Co., Chicago, 111. William Hamilton & Son, Inc., Caledonia, N. Y. Hecker-H-O Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 503 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 40 Corlears St., New York, N. Y. Hennepin Mill Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Hershey Creamery Co., Harrisburg, Penn. W. D. Higgins Co., Framingham, Mass. Hinckley Rendering Co., Somerville, Mass. Hirst & Begley Linseed Works, 2013 Mendel St., Chicago, 111. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Rockport, Mass. Home Soap Co., Worcester, Mass. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. J. C. Hubinger Bros. Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. International Agricultural Corp., Columbus, Ga. International Glue Co., 325 Marginal St., East Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. International Sugar Feed Co., Memphis, Tenn. Jaquith & Co., Woburn, Mass. Kansas Flour Mills Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Spencer Kellogt,' & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Kimball Grain Elevator, Salem, N. H. (Registered by Cunningham Grain Co.) H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Chas. A. Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Larabee Flour Mills Co., Kansas City, Mo. Larrowe Milling Co., Box 68 North End Sta., Detroit, Mich. Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Co., Lawrenceburg, Ind. Louisville Milling Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., North Billerica, Mass. Mann Bros. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Mansfield Milling Co., P. O. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Marble Ridge Grain Co., North Andover, Mass. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., Lynn, Mass. C. J. Martenis Grain Co., L-3 Produce Exchange Bldg., New York, N. Y. W. T. McLaughlin Co., 16 Railroad St., West Roxbury, Mass. Meeeh & Stoddard, Inc., Middletown, Conn. Mellin's Food Company of North America, 177 State St., Boston, Mass. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros.) Memphis Cottonseed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn. J. E. Merrick & Co., Amherst, Mass. Middleport Flour Mills, Inc., Middleport, N. Y. Miner-Hillard Milling Co., Wilkes-Barre, Penn. Minneapolis Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. Jas. F. Morse & Co., Ward & Horace Sts., Somerville, Mass. Moseley & Motley Milling Co., Mill St., foot of Brown St., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milling Co., Mt. Vernon, Ind. Narragansett Milling Co., East Providence, R. I. National Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. New England By-Products Corp., Lawrence, Mass. New England Rendering Co., R. 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Carson Station, Pittsburgh, Penn. Newton Feed Co., Box 683, Milwaukee, Wis. Niagara Falls Milling Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Norton Tallow Co., Somerville, Mass. Nowak Milling Corp., Hammond, Ind. Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Ontario Milling Co., Inc., Oswe^jo, N. Y. Park & Pollard Co., Inc., 356 Hertel Ave., Buflfalo, N. Y. Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtueket, R. I. Pecos Valley Alfalfa Mill Co., Hagerman, N. Mex. Penick & Ford, Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Postum Co., Inc., Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc., Greenfield, Mass. Prairie State Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Pratt Food Co., Hammond, Ind. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills. (Registered by Ralston Purina Co.) Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. (Registered for Purina Mills.) E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co., Union Stock Yards, Indianapolis, Ind. John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge A, Mass. Red Wing Milling Co., Red Wing, Minn. George H. Reed, South Acton, Mass. Robin Flood Mills, Ltd., Moose Jaw and Calgary, Canada. N. Roy & Son, 618 Newport Ave., South Attleboro, Mass. Royal Milling Co., Great Falls, Mont. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. 28 CONTROL SERIES No. 44 Ryde & Co., Chicago, 111. Ryther & Warren, Belchertown, Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. (Registered also for Cutler Co.) St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada. St. Paul MilUng Co., St. Paul, Minn. B. F. Schwartz & Co., Inc., 2 Broadway, New York, N. Y. A. W. Scott Co., San Francisco, Cal. John Shea, 61 Railroad St., Lawrence, Mass. Shellabarger Mill & Elevator Co., Salina, Kan. Sherwin-Williams Co., 601 Canal Rd., Cleveland, Ohio. Shredded Wheat Sales, Inc., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Allen V. Smith, Inc., Marcellus Falls, N. Y. Southwestern Milling Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. H. C. Southworth, West Stoughton, Mass. Spratt's Patent (America), Ltd., Market, Congress & Jefferson Sts., Newark, N. J. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111. Standard Milling Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Star & Crescent Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc., Hagerstown, Md. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. J. A. Sturges & Co., Easthampton, Mass. Swift & Co., Chicago, 111. C. H. Symmes, Winchester, Mass. Syracuse Milling Co., P. O. Box 141, Syracuse, N. Y. Thornton & Chester Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Tioga-Empire Feed Mills, Inc., Waverly, N. Y. Traders Feed & Grain Co., Inc., 736 Chamber Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. Ubiko Milling Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Union Sales Corp., Columbus, Ind. (Registered for Union Starch & Refining Co.) Universal Products Sales Co., New York, N. Y. Upper Hudson Rye Flour Mills, Inc., Troy, N. Y. George Urban Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Victor Flour MiUs, Inc., Pittsford, N. Y. Vitality Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. Wabasha Roller Mill Co., Wabasha, Minn. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Washburn Crosby Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Wayland Grain Co., Inc., Wayland, Mass. H. K. Webster Co., West St., Lawrence, Mass. West-Nesbitt Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Wetherbee Grain Co., Gardner, Mass. Whittemore Co., 35 Harrison St., Roslindale, Mass. Arthur N. Whittemore & Co., Worcester, Mass. Wilkinson Grain Co., Ltd., Montreal, Canada Est. M. G. Williams, Taunton, Mass. Wilson & Co., 4100 South Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Wolverton Flour Mills Co., Ltd., St. Marys, Ontario, Canada. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Publication of this document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. l-'29. No. 4427. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES J BULLETIN No. 45 DECEMBER, 1928 Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers By H. D. Haskins, H. R. DeRose and M. W. Goodwin This is the fifty-fifth report of the Massachusetts Fertilizer Control, made in accordance with Chaper 94, Sections 250 to 261, inclusive, of Massachusetts General Laws 1920. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. CONTROL SERIES No. 45 BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH REPORT OF MASSACHUSETTS FERTILIZER CONTROL Brands registered and sampled. Prices of crude stock fertilizer materials. Fertilizer valuations. Tonnage of fertilizers and plant food sold. New England Standard Nine and their relation to tonnage sold. Deficiency statistics as applied to each manufacturer. Mixing efficiency table as applied to the larger firms. Tables showing composition of 25 samples of mixed fertiUzer having commercial shortage of over $1 per ton and involving 9 manufacturers. Table showing analysis of mixed fertilizers seriously out of balance. Tables containing abbreviated reports on mixed fertilizers substantially comply- ing with guarantees. Detailed analysis of immixed materials which include 56 analyses of a variety of substances found deficient more than $1 per ton or adulterated. Definitions and interpretations relating to fertilizers. Vegetation pot experiment on 23 organic nitrogen substances including all of the processed low grade nitrogen materials that could be secured through trade channels. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1928 By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist, assisted by H. Robert DeRose and M. W. Goodwin. 1 MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS. For the season of 1928, 105 manufacturers and their subsidiaries, importers and dealers have registered in Massachusetts 350 brands of mixed fertilizer and 231 brands of unmixed fertilizing materials. A better picture may be gained of the general nature of these products from the grouping which follows: Complete fertilizers 343 Ammoniated superphosphates 5 Superphosphates with potash 2 Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish 63 Fertilizer simples, including organic nitrogen compounds 145 Pulverized manures 20 Wood ashes 2 Stone meal 1 581 There was the usual relatively small number of registered brands of both complete fertilizers and fertilizer chemicals that were not found by the sampling agents. There are three principal factors which contribute to this condition. According to the state fertilizer act, fertihzer registrations expire December 31 of each year. Most firms renew their registrations in late December or early January and in anticipation of demands for certain brands, register some grades that are not actually sold in the state. Small tonnages of certain brands are distributed and these limited supplies may have been sold, delivered and actually used on the land before the arrival of our sampling agents. Many of the fertihzer simples registered are not sold in the unmixed condition, but are used in special or private formulas and therefore are subject to registration. The following registered brands were not sampled in 1928: ^J. W. Kuzmeski assisted in the nitrogen laboratory about six months, and J. B. Zielinski, Jr., n the phosphoric acid laboratory about three months. CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. American Agricultural International Agricultural Chemical Co. Corp. A A Country Club Golf & I. A. C. Multiple Strength . 8-16-8 Lawn Fertilizer Brand A 10-5-3 1. A. C. Onion Special 7-5-12 A A Country Club Golf & I. A. C. Phosphate & Potash 0-12-5 Lawn Fertilizer Brand B 10-6-4 Acid Phosphate (Superphos- Bowker's Lawn & Garden phate) .... 0-18-0 Dressing 5-8-7 Cottonseed Meal, 36% Pro- Bowker's Stockbridge Trucker 5-10-5 tein .... 7-0-0 Co-Op 4-6-10 . 4-6-10 Co-Op 8-6-6 8-6-6 Jarecki Chemical Co. Co-Op 10-16-14 10-16-14 Jarecki's Fertilizer 2-12-4 . 2-12-4 Double A Tobacco Fertilizer 5-3-5 Jarecki's Fertilizer 4-8-4 4-8-4 Double Strength Fertilizer . 10-16-14 E. Frank Coe's Columbian Ronald Douglas Lowden Corn & Potato Fertilizer . 2-9-3 Lowden's Tree Food . 3.45-12-14.3 Sanderson's Corn Superphos- phate .... 2-9-3 Maine Farmers' Exchange M. F. E. Produce More American Linseed Co. Muriate of Potash . 0-0-50 Alinco Old Process Linseed Meal .... 6.75-2-1.1 Middlesex County Farm Bureau Anglo-Chilean Nitrate Sales Muriate of Potash 0-0-50 Corp. Nitrate of Soda . 18.24-0-0 Nitrate of Soda . 18.84-0-0 Sulfate of Ammonia . 24.32-0-0 Apothecaries Hall Co. Miller Fertilizer Co. Liberty Corn & All Crops . 2-8-2 Nitrate of Soda . 18.01-0-0 Liberty Onion Special 4-8-7 Liberty Tobacco Starter 4-10-0 Pawtucket Rendering Co. Animal Brand 3-8-4 . 3-8-4 Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Crop Tobacco Rogers & Hubbard Co. Fertilizer 7-3-7 Hubbard's Pure Raw Knuckle Armour's Ground Tankage . 9-6.87-0 Bone Flour 4.64-24.7-0 Barrett Co. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Arcadian Nitrate of Soda 19.76-0-0 Swift-Sure 4-8-4 Crop Grower 4-8-4 Jacob Dold Packing Co. Irving W. Standley Dold Quality Bone Meal 3-23-0 Standley's Special Fertilizer. 1.5-1.5-1 Eastern Cotton Oil Co. United States Guano Co. Eastern Mowrah Meal 2.49-0-0 Mammoth Potato Grower . 2-8-10 Royal Potato Grower . 4-8-7 Eastern States Farmers' Ex- 5-10-7 .... 5-10-7 change 8-16-20 .... 8-16-20 Eastern States Castor Pomace 5.50-0-0 Bone Meal 4.5-22-0 Eastern States Fine Bone Tankage .... 10-4.57-0 Meal .... 3-23-0 Eastern States Sulfate of VVessel, Duval & Co. Potash .... 0-0-48 Nitrate of Soda . 18.08-0-0 Eastern States Open Formula 0-16-8 Eastern States Cranberry Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Fertilizer 7-5-7 Acid Phosphate . 0-16-0 Dry Ground Fish 10-6-0 Thomas Hersom & Co. Muriate of Potash 0-0-50.5 Muriate of Potash 0-0-50 Nitrate of Soda . 17.9-0-0 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 5 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. Beginning April 1 and continuing for about ten weeks, four sampling agents, using automobiles, made the usual collection of samples for inspection purposes. The assignment of the various counties was as follows: James T. Howard, Berkshire, Frankhn, Hampshire and Hampden; George H. Kelton, Worcester; Thomas A. Hamilton, Barnstable, Bristol, Norfolk and Plymouth; Alfred G. Brigham, Essex, Middlesex and Suffolk. The following statistics are noted with reference to the drawing of fertilizer samples: 20,485 sacks were sampled, representing 7,428 tons of material; 194 towns were visited, besides 100 or more suburban districts not included in this number; 1 ,646 samples, representing 541 distinct brands, were drawn from stock in the possession of 498 agents or owners; 356 other agencies were visited where no samples were secured, some of them having discontinued the sale of fertilizers, others reporting all sold out, and still others not yet having received their fer- tilizer. COMPARATIVE COST OF FERTILIZER CHEMICALS AND UNMIXED FERTILIZER PRODUCTS. With the exception of ammonium sulfate, practically all of the ammoniates showed a fluctuation in wholesale cost during the six months preceding March 1, 1928, the tendency being to a higher level in all cases except the mineral sources. Ammonium sulfate and nitrate of soda showed a decline of over $2 per ton as compared with the preceding year. The other ammoniates showed advances over the average for 1927 about as follows: tankage $6.70, fish $10, blood $14, cottonseed meal $10.85. Bone meal showed a decline in price between September 1927 and March 1928 of about $3, yet on the average it was about $2.70 above the price for the same period in 1927. Superphosphate 16% held steady at $8.71 per ton f.o.b. Baltimore in bulk, which was sUghtly under the average for. the previous season. Potash salts showed no fluctuation in price for the six months preceding March 1, 80% muriate being quoted at wholesale for $36.40 and 90% sulfate at $47.30. Both were about 50 cents per ton above quotations for the same period in 1927. At this writing, November 20, the only quotation to be found in the Oil, Paint & Drug Reporter on ammonium sulfate is for bulk, resale material, at $47, which would indicate a wholesale price for bagged product about the same as for Novem- ber 1927. Nitrate of soda is quoted at $2,175 per 100 pounds in bags, which would be equivalent to $43.50 per ton wholesale; this would indicate a drop of about $5 per ton for this product. Tankage, 10 ammonia and 15 bone phosphate of lime (6.86% P2O5), is about $1.75 under the average price for November 1927, being quoted at $49, bulk, f.o.b. Chicago. Fish scrap dried, 11 ammonia and 6.86 phosphoric acid, is about $2.20 under the average ton price for November 1927, the quotation being $60.90, bulk, at factory. Cottonseed meal, 7% ammo- nia, registers an advance of $4.25 per ton over November price in 1927. Dried blood, 15 ammonia, present quotations about same as for November 1927. Acid phosphate 16% is $2 per ton higher than for either November 1927 or for the six months ending March 1, 1928, being quoted at $10.50, bulk, f.o.b. Balti- more. Potash salts show no change from the previous season. If present prices for crude stock fertilizing materials prevail, there should be very little difference in the price of mixed fertilizers for 1929 as compared with the previous season, the drop in price for most ammoniates offsetting the advance in price of superphosphate. The following average quotations were compUed from data secured from the Oil, Paint & Drug Reporter and Chemical Markets: CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Raw Materials. Nature of Material. Average Price per Ton FOR Six Months Pre- ceding March 1. 1927. 1928. $50.70 $48.29 50.44 48.20 49.54 49.38 69.20 59.09 59.58 73.82 44.05 50.73 51.64 61.63 24.54 35.39 32.63 35.33 9.48 8.71 35.83 36.40 46.74 47.30 26.85 27.12 12.00 12.50 Ammonium sulfate (double bags f. a. s. New York) Nitrate of soda (15.69; nitrogen) bags Calcium nitrate (15.5 nitrogen 28 lime) bags northern ports . Ammonium sulfate-nitrate (26% nitrogen) bags northern ports Dried blood (12.34% nitrogen) f. o. b. New York Tankage (8.23% nitrogen, 6.86% P2O5) bulk New York Dry ground fish (9.05% nitrogen, 6.867c P2O5) bags f. o. b. Baltimore Cottonseed meal (5.76% nitrogen) f. o. b. mills, bags Ground steamed bone {2A7% nitrogen, 22.88%; P2O5) f. o. b. New York Superphosphate (16^; P2O5) f. o. b. Baltimore, bulk Muriate of potash (50.54 KoO) in bags High grade sulfate of potash(48.65% KoO) in bags Potash-magnesia sulfate (25.94% K2O) in bags Kainit (14% KoO) in bags .... The following fertilizer trade values were adopted for 1928 by the Massa- chusetts Fertilizer Control. They are based on average wholesale quotations for the six months ending March 1, 1928, plus 20 per cent for overhead, proper allowance being made for bags and labor where bulk quotations are given and for freight where shipping point is outside of New England or New York. Fertilizer Trade Values for 1928. Value per Form of Plant Food. Pound. Unit Value. Nitrogen In ammonia salts ......... $0.14 $2.80 In nitrates .......... .185 3.70 Organic nitrogen in fish, blood and meat ..... .42 8.40 Organic nitrogen in fine' bone and tankage .... .40 8.00 Organic nitrogen in coarse' bone and tankage and in sheep manure .3125 6.25 Organic nitrogen in mi.xed fertilizers ..... .36 7.20 Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. .36 7.20 Organic nitrogen in synthetic urea ...... .20 4.00 Plwsphoric Acid Soluble in water ......... .06 1.20 Soluble in neutral citrate of ammonia (reverted) .... .05 1.00 In fine bone and tankage and in fish ...... .055 1.10 In coarse bone and tankage ....... .045 .90 In pulverized manures, seed residues and ashes .... .04 .80 Insoluble in mixed fertilizers ....... .02 .40 Potash As sulfate .......... .058 1.16 As muriate .......... .043 .86 As carbonate .......... .10 2.00 As nitrates .......... .065 1.30 Total in pulverized manures, seed residues and ashes .04 .80 « Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which without further grinding will pass through a sieve having circular openings 1/50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to that portion which will not pass through the sieve. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 7 FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Total Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in Massachusetts. July 1, 1925, to July 1, 1926. July 1, 1926, to July 1, 1927. July 1, 1927, to July 1,1928, Mixed fertilizers ..... Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed Pulverized natural manures 39,100 16,717 3,103 46,574 21,715 3,445 47,626 19,644 3,188 Totals 58,920 71,734 70,458 The tonnage of plant food sold in Massachusetts from July 1, 1927, to July 1, 1928, is shown in the accompanying table. Plant Food Tonnage. Nitrogen. Available. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Mixed fertilizers ..... Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed Pulverized natural manures 1,886.5 1,176.8 89.4 3,688.1 1.924.0 54.2 2,882.6 666.8 88.4 Totals 3,152.7 5,666.3 3,637.8 There were 1,276 tons less fertilizer sold in 1928 than during the previous season in spite of the fact that the tonnage in mixed fertilizers was greater by 1,052 tons than for 1927. In other words, the decline in tonnage was confined to unmixed materials and pulverized manures and amounted to 2,071 tons for the former and 257 tons for the latter group. Of the total tonnage of all kinds of fertilizer sold in Massachusetts during the season, 67.59 per cent was mixed goods and 27.88 per cent was unmixed materials exclusive of pulverized natural manures. Of the total tonnage of plant food sold (12,456.8 tons), 67.89 per cent was from mixed goods and 30.25 per cent from unmixed materials. Of the total tonnage of the different plant food constituents sold for nitrogen, 59.84 per cent was from mixed and 37.33 per cent from unmi.xed; available phosphoric acid, 65.09 per cent was from mixed and 33.96 per cent from unmixed; potash, 79.24 per cent was from mixed and 18.33 per cent from unmixed materials. CONTROL SERIES No. 45 (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis {I4 per cent or more of Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' 5-8-7 12,239 45 7-5-12 109 4-8-4 8,700 40 3-8-3 106 _ 3-8-4 3,518 19 4-8-6 101 _ 4-6-10 2,020 18 3-8-10 98 _ 5-4-5 1,743 - 7-9-8 96 _ 6-3-6 1,608 - 5-6-5 94 _ 7-3-7 1,370 - 4-10-4 93 _ 4-8-7 1,329 15 6-5-5 92 _ 8-6-6 1,277 12 5-10-7 90 _ 3-10-4 750 5 6-4-7 89 _ 6-6-4 713 6 8-16-20 89 _ 5-10-5 555 5 8-16-8 89 _ 10-16-14 548 7 3 5-6 81 _ 7-6-5 531 9 5-8-10 80 _ 6 3-5 518 - 10-4-10 75 _ 4-8-10 435 5 10-4-2 63 _ 2-9-3 421 6 3-7-16 58 _ 3-10-6 399 - 3-9-2 48 _ 10-3-8 399 - 2-10-4 47 _ 6-8-7 356 - 1-10-3 46 _ 3-8-6 291 - 7-5-7 45 _ 5-8-5 254 — 8-7-3 39 _ 1-9-4 240 - 3.5-12-3 38 _ 2-12-4 224 5 4-6-4 38 _ 4-16-4 222 - 2-12-6 36 _ 2-8-10 208 - 6-8-12 34 _ 2-10-2 196 5 7-8-3 27 _ 6-8-10 191 - 5-5-5 23 _ 6-8-5 186 - 4-6-15 21 — 4-12-4 156 - 3-10-3 15 _ 3-12-3 156 — Miscellaneous 139 26 7-11-10 143 — Special mixtures 64 - 5-7-10 4-7-5 123 121 - Totals 44,303 307 Low-Analysis {less than I4 per cent of Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' 5-3-5 2-8-2 3-6-4 5-6-1 2,753 332 80 34 13 7 2-9-2 Miscellaneous Totals 11 70 6 3,280 29 Superphosphates with Potash and Ammoniated Superphosphates. High-Analysis {I4 per cent or more of Available Plant Food). Grade. Tonnage. Brands.' 0-16-8 0-12-5 8-6-0 35 4 4 - Totals 43 3 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials. Material. Tonnage. Brands.! Superphosphate (acid phosphate) ..... 5,362 23 Nitrate of soda .... 3,361 31 Pulverized animal manures 3,188 20 Ground bone 2,59.5 31 Basic slag phosphate . 1,372 - Ammonium sulfate 1,293 17 Cottonseed meal 1,260 8 Castor pomace . 916 8 Muriate of potash 851 16 Tankage 498 19 Nitrate of lime . 420 - Dry ground fish . 319 10 Wood ashes 281 - Sulfate of potash 208 10 Organic ammoniate 178 - Stone meal 144 - Linseed meal 115 - Precipitated bone 93 - Carbonate of potash . 84 - Nitrate of potash 83 6 Sulfate of potash-magnesia 59 - Rapeseed meal 48 - Ammonium phosphate 34 - Peat product 19 - Blood tankage 17 - Calurea 16 - Hoof meal 7 - Manure salts 6 — Dried blood 3 — Phosphate rock 2 - Totals 22,832 234 ' The number of brands is omitted where it is less than five. A study of the preceding tables and their comparison with previous years shows some interesting facts. As evidenced by the tonnage sold, the three most popular brands were the same as during the past two seasons, namely 5-8-7, 4-8-4 and 3-8-4. The grade having the fourth largest tonnage was the 5-3-5 tobacco brand (listed in the low-analysis grades) which takes the place of the 5-4-5 grade which showed the fourth largest tonnage during 1926 and 1927. This change was very hkely the result of a report of the Connecticut Tobacco Station, Bulletin 7, favoring a reduction in the phosphoric acid content of tobacco fertilizers. The 5-4-5 brand, however, showed the sixth largest tonnage for the year and the combined tonnage of the 5-3-5 and 5-4-5 grades was over 1,000 tons in excess of that for the 5-4-5 grade in 1927. The 4-6-10 grade occupies the fifth position in respect to tonnage sold, the same as in 1927. The 6-3-6 and the 7-3-7 grades occupy the position of seventh and eighth, their combined tonnage nearly reaching the 3,000 mark. These two grades are also designed for tobacco culture, particularly on old tobacco land, and emphasize the very commendable attempt to get away from the uneconomical mixtures represented by the 5-3-5 and 5-4-5 grades. The 4-8-7 and 8-6-6 grades have been demoted from the sixth and seventh position which they occupied in 1927, to ninth and tenth. The 8-6-6 grade is, however, still holding its own in respect to tonnage sold, while the 4-8-7 has declined nearly 400 tons as compared with 1927. This class has apparently been largely absorbed by the 5-8-7 grade, the most popular of all, which shows an increase of 343 tons over the previous season. With reference to the double strength grades, the 10-16-14 was advanced from eighteenth largest tonnage sold in Massachusetts in 1927 to the fourteenth largest this season, 548 tons having been reported by seven manufacturers. The 8-16-8 grade suffered a decline of 35 tons and the 8-16-20 tonnage was 10 CONTROL SERIES No, 45 slightly in excess of that -for the previous season. A double strength tobacco mixture, 10-4-10 grade, was sold to the extent of 75 tons. A rather new innova- tion this season was the introduction of a double strength 2-8-2 (4-16-4) of which 222 tons were sold. The sales of the regular 2-8-2 grade were reduced from last season 215 tons, which is a httle more than made up by the 222 tons of double strength goods. A double strength mixture carrying a minimum of 60 per cent available plant food is being imported from Germany, although to date no sales at retail have been reported to this office. It is apparent that the double strength mixtures have come to stay, although their general adoption will very likely be slow. One of the factors that would contribute very largely to a greater interest in these mixtures is an efficient, domestic machine of medium price that will properly distribute the relatively small acre application called for by these concentrated fertilizers. The following statistics are secured by a further study of the preceding tables: 1. About 67.5 per cent of the total tonnage sold was mixed fertilizer and 32.5 per cent unmixed fertilizing materials. This is a 2.5 per cent larger proportion of mixed goods than during the previous season. 2. Of the 47,626 tons of mixed goods sold, 99.8 per cent were complete fertil- izers and .2 per cent were ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash. 3. Of the 47,583 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 93 per cent were high-analysis (14 per cent or over of available plant food) and 7 per cent low- analysis. This lacks 5 per cent of being as good a showing for the high-analysis fertilizers as in 1927. The reason for this was the substitution of the tobacco grade 5-3-5 for the 5-4-5 of previous years. 4. Of the 44,303 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, about 80 per cent were furnished by 11 grades and 171 brands, and 88 per cent were furnished by 19 grades and 212 brands. 5. There were 2,342 tons more of low-analysis complete fertilizer sold during the season in Massachusetts than for the previous year. About 84 per cent of the tonnage of the low-analysis complete fertilizer was furnished by one grade (5-3-5) comprising 13 brands, and 94 per cent was furnished by two grades and 20 brands. 6. The tonnage of the ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash was almost negligible, a total of 43 by 3 brands being the only returns made. 7. The tormage of the fertilizer simples was distributed as follows: nitrogen products 49 per cent; phosphoric acid products 43 per cent; and potash products 8 per cent. These figures do not include tankage, fish, bone or wood ashes, which furnish more than one plant food constituent and comprise over 16 per cent of the total tonnage of the immixed fertilizing materials. Distribution of Tonnage as Related to the "New England Standard Nine" Grades of Mixed Fertilizer. At a joint meeting of the New England Agronomists and member companies of the National Fertilizer Association held January 27, 1928, in Boston, a.revision was made in the "New England Standard Nine" grades of mixed fertihzers. These nine grades are supposed to represent a suflBciently wide choice of ratios to satisfy average New England requirements. The following table shows the actual distribution of toimage in Massachusetts as related to this revised list : INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 11 Additional Tonnage Revised from Grades Varying "New England Standard Nine" Grades. Tonnage. but 1% in One or More Plant Foods. Total 5-8-7 12,787' 1,430 14,217 4-8-4 9,344» 3,999 13,343 4-6-10 2,020 123 2,143 6-3-6 . 1,608 6,548 8,156 8-6-6 1,277 576 1,853 3-10-4 750 311 1,061 2-12-4 224 156 380 6-8-6 none 580 580 2-10-8 none none none Tota s 28,010 13,723 41,733 1 Including 548 tons of double strength 10-16-14. » Including 555 tons of 5-10-5 and 89 tons of 8-16-8. The revision of the "New England Standard Nine" grades consisted in the deletion of grades 0-12-6, 3-10-6, 4-8-6 and 5-4-5 and substituting grades 2-10-8, 6-8-6, 6-3-6 and 4-6-10. The substitution of grade 6-3-6 for 5-4-5 was an effort to get away from what has been known for many years to be an uneconomical grade. With reference to the substitution of the 4-6-10 grade, this was quite likely an effort to harmonize with general farm and trade practice. The tonnage figures as appHed to the present "New England Standard Nine" show that out of ten of the most popular grades, totaling 36,557 tons, only five, totaling 25,844 tons, were members of the revised nine. About 58.8 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertihzers was among the "Standard Nine" grades, as compared with 61.3 per cent for 1927; however, about 29 per cent additional tonnage was from grades varying from the "Stand- ard Nine" in but 1 per cent in one or more plant food elements, making a total of about 88 per cent which fell within or varied in one or more elements but one per cent from the "Standard Nine" group. Nearly 22.5 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was from five grades not recommended in the "Standard Nine" group. These five grades with their standing as regards tonnage are as follows: 3-8-4, third largest; 5-3-5, fourth largest; 5-4-5, sixth largest; 7-3-7, eighth largest; and 4-8-7, ninth largest. It may be said, however, that all of these five vary but one per cent from the "Standard Nine" group. MIXED FERTILIZERS. Deficiency Statistics. The following table records for each manufacturer the number of brands sampled and analyzed as well as the number approximately equal to the guarantee in commercial valuation, also the extent to which each firm was successful in maintaining the minimum guarantee, data being confined to nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash. 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Manufacturer. American Agricultural Chemical Co American Chemical Specialties Co., Inc. American Soda Products Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Barrie Laboratories, Inc. Beach Soap Co. Berkshire Chemical Co. C. & R. Sales Co. E. D. Chittenden Co. Clay & Son Davey Tree Expert Co. John C. Dow Co. Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp. Eastern States Farmers' Exchang Essex Fertilizer Co. Excell Laboratories H. L. Frost & Co. Grasselli Chemical Co. Thomas Hersom & Co. International Agricultural Corp. Henry James & Son, Inc. . Jarecki Chemical Co. . Lowell Fertilizer Co. . Maine Farmers' Exchange . Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co A. G. Markham & Co. McCallum Co. . Meyer & Mendelsohn, Inc. . Miller Fertilizer Co. . Mitchell Fertilizer Co. New England Fertilizer Co. Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Oyama Products Co. . Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. Pawtucket Rendering Co. . Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Plant Products Co. Rogers & Hubbard Co. Ross Brothers Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Smith Agricultural Chemical Co. Springfield Rendering Co. . Summers Fertilizer Co., Inc. Swift & Co., Fertilizer Works Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp Henry J. Taubert William Thomson & Sons, Ltd. Triton Oil and Fertilizer Co. Uniform Products Co. United States Guano Co. . Victory Fertilizer Corp. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp C. P. Washburn Co. . Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . Worcester Rendering Co. Number op Brands. Number of Tests or D 3TERMINA _ L. 1 "3.2 0! 0) c a c S c 3 3 PL, g Ph c3 CL| oj O" 73 ;?ti >>c_ .^ ^o, S 2.2 c 5 a ^ § ? c ? a> -.SO E ^.2 \:t O :sl g.o CXi c-^ N o Be X 4J ^ ^ 0) .t> >, O C .! Q) *^ . S 1= .: "5 l^a-j 5 o ^cSl > s o > Ql ^ < < Eh ^ eq m 63 62 189 29 5 1 3 3 9 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 10 10 30 1 0 0 14 13 42 8 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 4 4 12 0 0 0 10 10 30 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 10 10 30 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 3 3 9 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 13 12 39 6 1 0 6 6 18 4 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 21 20 63 9 3 1 2 2 6 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 9 9 27 1 0 0 2 1 6 1 1 1 14 14 42 0 1 0 5 5 15 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 3 3 9 2 0 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 5 5 15 0 0 0 11 11 33 2 1 0 8 8 23 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 6 6 18 2 0 0 2 2 6 2 0 0 7 6 21 5 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 17 16 51 9 4 0 3 3 9 2 0 0 8 8 24 4 0 1 2 2 5 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 7 7 21 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 2 2 6 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 2 2 6 0 0 0 3 3 9 0 0 0 3 3 9 0 0 0 9 8 27 5 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 0 5 4 15 2 2 0 3 1 9 1 0 3 5 . 5 15 1 1 0 4 4 12 0 0 0 1 Where several analyses of the same brand occur an average is secured and recorded in case of deficiencies as well as for total number of tests or determinations. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 13 Summary of Low Tests in Mixed Fertilizers. Brands deficient in one element Brands deficient in two elements Brands deficient in tiiree elements Brands deficient in nitrogen Brands deficient in available phosphoric acid Brands deficient in potash 117 38 6 58 59 94 91 10 2 29 34 54 69 26 54 Serious Commercial Shortages in Mixed Fertilizers. Number of Brands According to Years. Amount of Shortage per Ton. 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. More than $5 . . . . Between $4 and $5 . . . Between $3 and $4 . . . Between $2 and $3 . . . Between $1 and $2 . . . 2 none 1 6 6 none none none 1 7 none 2 1 1 8 1 1 none none none 3 none 1 2 5 The above tables show that of the 326 brands analyzed, 215, about 66 per cent, were found to have no deficiencies. Of the 976 guarantees made, 152, or 15.6 per cent, failed in passing, as compared with 11.4 per cent in 1927 and 22 per cent for 1926. Of the total number of brands analyzed, about 21 per cent failed to meet their guarantee in nitrogen, 8 per cent in available phosphoric acid and 16.6 per cent in potash. This is about two and one-half times more nitrogen defi- ciencies, about the same potash, and 8 less available phosphoric acid shortages than were recorded for 1927. Nine more brands showed serious commercial shortages than for the previous year. Mixing Efficiency. Assuming that the analytical results, tonnage sold, as well as sampled, and minimum plant food guarantees are a fair index of the composition and claims for each grade counted, the following table gives the average margin of overruns or deficiencies actually furnished by each manufacturer having four or more brands registered and sampled. 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Mixing Efficiency Table. Average Percentage of Plant Food Above or Below the Minimum Guarantee. Manufacturer. Available Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. American Agricultural Chemical Co. +.071 +.38 +.051 Apothecaries Hall Co. +.20 +.61 +.60 Armour Fertilizer Works —.003 +.19 +.24 Beach Soap Co. .... +.74 +1.85 +.54 Berkshire Chemical Co. +.47 +.92 +.83 E. D. Chittenden Co. ... +.15 +1.13 +.21 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange +.12 +.71 +.23 Essex Fertilizer Co. .... +.14 +.49 +.25 International Agricultural Corp. . +.03 + .61 +.31 Lowell Fertilizer Co. .... +.09 +.47 +.19 Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. +.19 + 1.48 +1.27 A. G. Markham & Co. +.15 +.79 +.35 New England Fertilizer Co. +.10 +.47 +.28 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co. +.24 + 1.15 +.42 Olds & Whipple, Inc. +.10 +.63 +.79 Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. +.11 +.33 +.01 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. . +.0005 +.23 +.12 Rogers & Hubbard Co. +.07 +.77 +.14 F. S. Royster Guano Co. . +.15 +.49 +.11 Springfield Rendering Co. . +.13 +.57 +.21 United States Guano Co. . —.47 +1.22 —.52 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. . + .095 —.022 +.043 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. .... +.11 +.48 +.30 Worcester Rendering Co. . +.22 +.46 +.19 The above table shows that 21 of the 24 manufacturers Usted had an average overrun in all three elements, although in some cases it was much too small for safety. Twenty-two showed an overrun and two a shortage in nitrogen, and 23 showed an overrun and one a shortage in both available phosphoric acid and potash. Variations in the composition of the crude stock materials which make up the average fertilizer mixture make it necessary that a liberal margin of overruns be provided in figuring the formula, otherwise accidental shortages are sure to be frequent in the assembled goods. Nitrogen in Mixed Fertilizers. In all of the mixed complete fertilizers analyzed for 1928, tonnage sold taken into consideration, the average total nitrogen found was -3.96 per cent, which was about the same as for the previous season. In 1918, the average total nitrogen found in Massachusetts was 2.85 per cent, which is 1.11 per cent under the average for this season. The nitrogen derived from the mineral and organic sources in 1928 is divided as follows: from ammoniacal compounds, 2.17 per cent; from nitrates, .63 per cent, and from organic, 1.16 per cent. There seems to be but little difference in the proportion of organic nitrogen found in the present mixed fertilizers as compared with that of ten years ago. In 1918, 34.4 per cent of the average total nitrogen was derived from organic sources, as com- pared with 29.3 per cent for 1928. In view of the fact that each year sees a larger proportion of the abattoir and fish industry ammoniates being diverted to the feed industry, it is likely that the processed low grade organic ammoniates have been employed in increasing amounts to meet the demand for materials to preserve a good mechanical condition in mixed fertilizers as well as to furnish a part of the nitrogen in a more lasting form. Of the 1.16 per cent of organic nitrogen found in this season's output of mixed fertilizers, .29 per cent was in water soluble and .87 per cent in water insoluble form; the latter with few excep- INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 15 tions was found to be of average quality, being well above the passing mark of 50 per cent by the alkaline and 80 per cent by the neutral methods. The only brand found that could not be "passed" was Harvest Brand 2-8-2, manufactured by the Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. This brand had .58 per cent of water insoluble nitrogen which showed an activity of 46.2 per cent by the alkaUne and 58.8 per cent by the neutral permanganate method. A number of other brands by different manufacturers showed low activities of the insoluble nitro- gen, but were "passed" for the reason that the minimum nitrogen guarantee was fully met by the more active nitrogen forms. Explanation of Tables of Analyses. The column headed "Grade of Fertilizer" gives the minimum guarantee of ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash, always stated in this order. To convert ammonia to equivalent nitrogen, multiply by the factor .82. In the table headed "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More Per Ton," under the heading "Approximate Commercial Valuation Per Ton," is found the sum of the valuation of each plant food element calculated on the basis of analysis and trade values adopted for 1928, which appear on a preceding page of the bulletin. In the same table, under "Approximate Commercial Shortage Per Ton," is shown the commercial valuation of the deficiencies or tests found below the guarantee, per ton of fertiHzer, the value of overruns being used in all cases to offset valuation of shortages. Under "Mixtures Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More Per Ton," and "Mixtures Seriously Out of Balance But Not Having Commercial Shortage," deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. In those tables headed "Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees" under "Nitrogen" the column headed "Proportion in Mineral Form" includes both the ammoniacal and nitric nitrogen, both of which are water soluble and readily available. Footnotes indicate any considerable proportion of the min- eral nitrogen derived from nitrates; the absence of footnotes indicates that the greater part is derived from ammoniacal sources. Under "Quality of Insoluble Nitrogen" in all of the tables of mixed fertilizers, passed indicates an activity of 50 or over by the alkaline and 80 or over by the neutral permanganate method; inferior indicates an activity below 50 and below 80 by the respective labo- ratory methods. All samples are passed ^which show an activity of the water insoluble nitrogen of 80 per cent or better by the neutral method, even though they may have shown a test below 50 per cent by the alkaline method. All samples are passed which show the sum of the mineral, water soluble organic, and active water insoluble organic nitrogen equivalent to the minimum guarantee. In those tables headed "Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees" in the column marked "Form of Potash," the word muriate means that enough chlorine was found present to unite with all of the potash (K2O) found, and it is likely, therefore, that all of the potash was derived from chloride of potash or muriate. Figures in parenthesis following the brand name, in these tables, indicate the number of samples from which the composite sample finally analyzed was drawn. The detailed results of analysis of any brand inspected will be gladly furnished to anyone sufficiently interested to apply for them. 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 W5 •paa^uBJBnf) 00 'i''^ ■«< •puno^ Gi ^ n S **■ Z o P Ko CL o H O ■paa:(UEJEnf) oo CO 00 O ci OOO lO lO lO CO CO to O o in CD o CD o CO oo CJ3t> o o •puno^ ooo lO tr- od 00 o roooq o 00 00 00 in CD q 00 2S oJte M 00 CO H J M <: ►J < < •paa^uBJBno oo oq ooco O q CO ooo '-?'-! '-2 O q to o q CD o q CD o q CO oo 00 CO o q •puno^ ON 00 00 05 CO CD q CD 00 00 t> t- CDrf 00 CO bo C $ o CO •paatjuBJBnf) •puno^ -M.-I i-H IMS<1(N (M N (M 00 .-MrH ,-H "NCJN N e^ N lO Tl<^ Tji OOodoO 00 00 00 CD t-00 cjco coin ci n NOil •»r CO 00 •oiubSjo 1-1 N TtrHr-l •sacj-BJ^iN tuoj^ Eiuouiaiv moj^j 'J'OO IM OOiOCTJ O OlO CD lO CO S C3 o o CO C75 t-H lO lO lO U5 lO y-t IBiojauiuiog a^Buiixoiddv Ot- Oi CO-HOO O (M o coq n '^,0'^, "^ "3 "^ ^CO rH rHrHcd c4 rH rH •uox wd uoi:jBniBA IBWjauiuioQ aiBuireojddv <00 Oi Or^W o o o ° HH I? wOW w M M H U 3 3 _, c c (rt C3 oJ C 0) tu 2 03 c3 uoo — ^J3t: re M t« o i! ca rt I. 3 o ?c >^ " M (0 t-< ^ u y (U 0) ■: S = ° 2 " CS C3 C gcQW £ ^ to p. r , S «5 S f, u O C 0) Eb *i - U E -E -E ti,«i,co Ho -H f-t '^ CO OT M ctj cJ c^ iJ +J -M www 3 d C t- ^ t- 0) 0) 0) 3 «'<, W c o ^ 'u'S • OCD_ c3 I I ^^ 5 00 j:^ INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 17 OOOOOO CDtDtOOO OOOOOO 0000000000 ■^ t- tr- to ;o to oooioor^ot^ ^in-HOoi ^inoi o?od OOOOOO ooooo 0>05 05 t-moO cooo te» t 06 te t-(0 to ooooo 00 00 00 to to to to 00 T)< to IN 00 ^Nl/SNM 00 tOt-COtOtO-^ r-jMOOOlM CO o6o6cntD'*od ootetsinte to o— i-Hoooooo ooototo 05 0)« ^M ^ 00 00 00 1-1 tC »« cjc4« ' "in ^fOMMM MOT tON tO moo 00 --I Coo 0) aiiM 0 (POT c c c c' TOrHOJrHlM OS to ^ 000 »jO * 10 10 00 00 00 t- 1- t-00 I I I ^^ OOOOOO 1 I MtC Q) be o t-. o o C O C a, o c EPQ fc: c c S 01 . ta a S bO 0 Wo = 3I ' (B -^ ci I « s « V OJ-C oy c « C3 J2 C 3 p. m ai ra t- t-C-OO I I I •-i^ , OOOOOO I I o I I I 00 00, r ^^ io »n »o 1 I ^-^ 5tD a) Q) - >- t- tJ tJ ffl g* D oj c>^*jk^ aa £e-i - _ j: bO ho m m b«/r t-i 3'U»$ a; OJ Q) OJ a).-t-< 3 c "^ -o -o -a -a XI Cr-, jlo! •cSoJcSrtct!— <^ o > m 00 0 00 0 Orf -* N-^ '-t M'* 00 mN c^ in^ m ^ 00 0 1010 m to to to rH rH '^ lM-:)< to to -* 00 OT"^ N (MIN 00 0 00 0 toco CD rt^ '"' 0[~ 0 mm to (NOT WIN 00 IM 00 Oi C--H to ovoo IN m t- 0) CO to c ^^ 0 tH t~ 0 (N(N c- into 1 1 1 1 1 OTt< 1 NrH to to to ^ 1-H l-l 000 0 '^ -0 tH 0 •3 -a OJ 0 « 0 OJ »t 6 a> 0 Z"^ Oh 0 60 C . . '^ A 'H X w ■ • 0 "«o:^ 27ti gtOr-l J 0 r B 2 •■'T J. w "•^2 3 T3 4J CIS ca ID rn St tern S tern S d Sta 0! ■0 c ca it oi m V u ^ a •u gWH c M U 3 5 -2 -^ ^ E S S ■Sol o i; ■>. b y^ ^ S to «« ? o 5 3 «■ S 2 ■» 3 9.^ 2. 2, O Tf -" CH •2 S -a S ja S ■* j3 c «^ - 3 a rt 5 CO j^ 73 O ■O ^ S "o ^ 0) o S *• a a S •S § 3 I 0) 0) o •2 9 30- s s 0) 0) d) c T3 rO 'C rt rt ej rt Qj * a £ a a P. H R J3 'oT 0 (3 0 ^ Agrico Fertilizer for Truck (4) Aroostook Potato Manure (6)1 Bowker's All Round Fertilizer (7)i Bowker's Market Garden Fertilizer (13)' Bowker'sPotato&VegetablePhosphate(6)' Bowker's Square Brand Corn & Grain Fertilizer (5)^ . Bowker's Stockbridge Early Crop Manure (6) Bowker's Stockbridge Hill&Drill Fertilizer (5) ...••• Bowker's Stockbridge Potato & Vegetable Manure (9) . • • , ■ _• Bowker'sStockbridgeTobaccoManure(6)> Bowker's Sure Crop Fertilizer (5)i Bradley's Blood, Bone & Potash (5) Bradley's Complete Manure for Pota- toes & Vegetables (6) . . : ^^~ Bradley's Complete Manure with W% Potash (8)1 . . . ^ • ^^• Bradley's Complete Tobacco Manure (3)' Bradley's Corn Phosphate (5)' Bradley's Eclipse Fertilizer (9)' . . Bradley's Northland Potato Grower . Complete Manure 10% Potash (1) Co-Op 4-8-4 (1927 goods) (1) Co-Op 5-8-7 (2) Corn Favorite (5)' Cranberry Fertilizer (3) • E. Frank Coe's Blue Brand Fertilizer (1) E. Frank Coe's Celebrated Fertilizer (3)i E. Frank Coe's Gold Brand (3) . . E. Frank Coe's Potato & TruckManure (4) ' E. Frank Coe's Standard Potato Fertilizer (2) Farquhar's Garden Fertilizer (1) . Farquhar's Lawn Fertilizer (1) General Crop Fertilizer (2) . . Grass & Lawn Top Dressing (10) . Hi-Grade Tobacco Manure (4) Matchless Fertilizer (5)' Monarch Fertilizer (4)i . . • National Aroostook Special Fertilizer (2)' National Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (4) National Excelsior Potato Fertilizer (1) . National Market Garden Fertilizer (3) . National Pine Tree State Potato Fertilizer (3)1 National Premier Potato Manure (5)i . Peerless Potato Manure (2) . Princess Fertilizer (1) . . • Prolific 10% Potash Fertilizer (11) . Sanderson's Atlantic Coast Mixture (4) . Sanderson's Complete Tobacco Grower (1) Sanderson's Formula A (3) . Sanderson's Formula B (2) . Sanderson's Potato Manure (1) Special Grass Top Dressing (4) Tobacco Starter (3) Grade of Fertilizer. 5-7-10 1-9-4 3-10-6 2-12-4 4-8-6 5-10-5 5-8-7 3-8-4 4-8-4 2-9-3 2-8-2 5-8-7 4-8-7 4-6-10 5-3-5 1-9-4 5-8-7 4-8-7 4-6-10 5-3-5 2-8-2 1-9-4 4-8-4 2-9-3 3-8-4 3-10-4 6-6-4 4-8-7 3-8-4 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-7 3-10-6 6-6-4 3-10-4 4-8-4 3-8-4 5-8-7 4-6-10 5-8-7 6-6-4 2-9-3 6-6-4 7-3-7 2-8-2 4-8-4 5-8-7 5-3-5 4-6-10 3-8-4 4-8-4 4-8-7 4-8-7 5-10-5 2-8-10 3-10-4 5-3-5 4-8-4 4-8-7 3-8-4 8-6-6 3-7-16 Nitrogen. Propor- tion in Mineral Forms. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. 4/5 3/5 5/8 1/2 7/10 3/4 5/8 5/8 3/5 3/5 3/5 7/10 4/52 3/43 1/2,* 3/4 5/8 7/10 1/35 1/2 3/8 3/5 3/8 2/3 2/3 7/8 3/4S 2/3 5/8 1/2 4/5 5/8 4/53 3/5 3/5 2/3 5/83 3 /4s 4/53 7/8 1/2 4/5 3/lOS 1/2 3/5 7/10 2/51 3/4 2/3 5/8 7/10 4/5 5/8 1/2 2/3 3/10« 3/43 1/2' 7/10 9/103 7/10 Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Form of Potash. Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate ■ Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate 9/10 sulfate^ 1 Two analyses. s Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. « Nitrate salts 1/6, ammonia salts 5/6. < Nitrate salts 1/4, ammonia salts 3/4. » Nitrate salts 3/10, ammonia salts 7/10. « Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. ' Nitrate salts 2/5, ammonia salts 3/5. ^ , <^-.- ^ , „„*»„;, « The remainder muriate; i.e., sufiBcient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 19 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Grade of Nitrogen. Propor- Quality Form of Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Fertilizer. tion in Mineral Forms. of Water Insoluble Organic. Potash. American Chemical Specialties Co., Inc. Springfield Carnation Food (1) 2.5-8-3.5 7/10 Passed Muriate Springfield Rose Food (1) . 4-8-2 3/5 Passed Muriate Superior Plant Food (3) 14-6-8 All - Muriate American Soda Products Co. Grogreen Fern Food (1) 6-8-3 5/8 Passed Sulfate Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Corn Fruit & All Crops (3) 2-12-4 3/4 Passed Muriate Liberty Fish, Bone & Potash (1) . 3-8-3 2/5 Passed Muriate Liberty High Grade Market Gardener's (3) 5-8-7 3/41 Passed Muriate Liberty Potato & General Crops (2) 4-8-10 7/102 Passed 1/5 sulfate' Liberty Potato & Market Gardener's Spe- cial (4)^ 4-8-4 3/5 Passed Muriate Liberty Potato & Vegetable (2) . 2-8-10 3/5 Passed Muriate Liberty Special for Fruit (2)^ 7-8-6 7/85 Passed Muriate Liberty Tobacco Special (2) . 5-3-5 3/8 Passed Sulfate Liberty Top Dresser for Grass & Grain (1) 10-3.5-8 A116 - Muriate Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Crop 2-12-4 (3) 2-12-4 2/5 Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 3-8-4 (7)* 3-8-4 All - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-6-10 (8) 4-6-10 All« - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-8-4 (A)* 4-8-4 All" - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-8-7 (2)< 4-8-7 A116 - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 4-16-4 (2) 4-16-4 4/5 Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop 5-8-5 (1) 5-8-5 A116 - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 5-8-7 (9)< 5-8-7 A116 - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 7-11-10 (9) . 7-11-10 A116 - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 7-12-7 (1) 7-12-7 A116 - Muriate Armour's Big Crop 8-6-6 (4)* 8-6-6 5/8' Passed Muriate Armour's Big Crop Tobacco Special C6)i 5-4-5 _8 Passed Sulfate Armour's Lawn & Garden Grower (4)'' . 6-8-6 All - _9 Barrie Laboratories Barrie's House Plant Food (5) 8-7.5-6.5 none Passed 5/8 sulfate' Beach Soap Co. Beach's Advance Fertilizer (2) 3-9-2 1/21" Passed Muriate Beach's Corn & Vegetable Fertilizer (1) 2-9-2 3/51" Passed Muriate Beach's Grass & Garden Fertilizer (1) . 4.75-8-7 2/3'« Passed Muriate Beach's Market Garden (1) . 4-8-4 1/410 Passed Muriate Berkshire Chemical Co. Berkshire Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (4)^ 5-3-5 1/7 Passed 4/5 sulfate' Berkshire Economical Grass Fertilizer (1) 10-3-8 4/51" Passed 3/5 sulfate' Berkshire Grass Fertilizer (1)" 8-3-8 Allio - Muriate Berkshire Grass Special (3) . 7-6-5 3/412 Passed Muriate Berkshire Long Island Special (4)* 5-8-7 5/8 Passed Muriate Berkshire Market Garden Fertilizer (8)* 4-8-4 3/5 Passed Muriate Berkshire Potato & Vegetable Fertilizer (1) 2-9-3 7/10 Passed Muriate Berkshire Tobacco Special (5) 7-3-7 1/313 Passed Sulfate Berkshire Tobacco Starter (4) 5-8-10 3/42 Passed Sulfate Berkshire Truck Fertilizer (3)i< 5-8-5 5/8 Passed Muriate 1 Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. 2 Nitrate salts 2/5, ammonia salts 3/5. ' The remainder muriate; i.e., sufHcient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. * Two analyses. ' In one sample 1/4 of the mineral nitrogen was from nitrate salts and 3/4 from ammonia salts; in one sample 3/5 of the mineral nitrogen was from nitrate salts and 2/5 from ammonia salts. 6 Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. "> Nitrate salts 3/10,, ammonia salts 7/10. 8 One analysis (2 samples) showed only a small amount of mineral nitrogen; one analysis (4 samples) showed 2/5 of the nitrogen in mineral form, of whdch 7/10 was from nitrate salts and 3/10 from ammonia salts. » In one sample the potash was in form of muriate; one analysis (3 samples) showed 3/5 of the potash in form of sulfate. '" Largely nitrate salts. 11 A mistake was made by the manufacturer in formulating this fertilizer, supposed to be a 10-3-8, and 12 1/2 tons were shipped before the error was discovered. The guarantee tags were changed to 8-3-8 and the five customers were allowed a rebate of $10 per ton. Under the revised guarantee no commercial shortage was found. 12 Nitrate salts 1/2, ammonia salts 1/2. 1' Nitrate salts 3/5, ammonia salts 2/5. •< Three analyses. 20 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Grade of Nitrogen. Form of Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Fertilizer. Propor- tion in Mineral Forms. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. Potash. C. & R. Sales Co. C & R Lawn Shrub Fertilizer (3) . 6-5-5 1/4 Passed Muriate E. D. Chittenden Co. Chittenden's Complete Tobacco & Onion Grower 4% Potash (5)i 4-8-4 4/5 Passed 1/2 sulfate' Chittenden's High Grade Potato 7% Potash (3) 5-8-7 7/8 Passed Muriate Chittenden's High Grade Potato & Onion 7% Potash (1) .... 5-8-7 3/4 Passed 3/4 sulfate' Chittenden's Potato Special 4% Potash (2) 4-8-4 4/5 Passed 1/8 sulfate' Chittenden's Potato Special 7% Potash (2) 4-8-7 3/5 Passed Muriate Chittenden's Special 'Top Dresser (4)i 8-6-6 7/8 Passed Muriate Chittenden's Tobacco Special 5% Potash (1) 5-4-5 3/5 Passed 5/6 sulfate' Chittenden's Tobacco Starter (1) . 4-6-10 3/4 Passed 2/3 sulfate' Chittenden's Valley Tobacco Brand (8)' 6-3-5 2/5 Passed 3/5 sulfate' Chittenden's Vegetable & Onion Grower 4% Potash (2) .... 3-8-4 7/10 Passed Muriate Clay & Son Clay's Fertilizer (2) .... 4.86-1.12-.08 3/8 Passed Muriate Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc. Davey Tree Food (1) .... 7-8-3 5/8 Passed Muriate John C. Dow Co. Dow's 4-6-10 Fertilizer (1) . 4-6-10 2/5S Passed Muriate Dow's 4-8-4 Fertilizer (6) . 4-8-4 2/5< Passed Muriate Dow's 5-8-7 FertiUzer (4) . 5-8-7 1/5 Passed Muriate Earp-Thomas Cultures Corp. Stim-U-Plant (4) 13.37-11.71-15 All - 3/8 sulfate' Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States 3-12-3 Open Formula (2)5 3-12-3 3/4< Passed Muriate Eastern States 4-6-3 Cranberry Fertilizer (1)^ 4-6-3 3/4' Passed 1 '2 sulfate' Eastern States 4-8-10 Open Formula (.5) 4-8-10 4/58 Passed Muriate Eastern States 4-16-4 Open Formula (5) = 4-16-4 4/59 Passed Muriate Eastern States 5-8-7 Open Formula (7)' 5-8-7 4/58 Passed Muriate Eastern States 5-10-5 Open Formula (2)5 5-10-5 3/4>» Passed Muriate Eastern States 8-6-6 Open Formula (7)' 8-6-6 9/10' Passed Muriate Eastern States 8-16-8 Open Formula (3) 8-16-8 7/88 Passed Muriate Eastern States 8-16-20 Open Formula (2 ) ' ' 8-16-20 7/88 Passed Muriate Eastern States Open Formula 9-3-7 Tobacco Fertilizer (1) 9-3-7 3/8' Passed Sulfate Eastern States Open Formula 10-3-8 Tobacco Fertilizer (3)i2 10-3-8 3/10'3 Passed Sulfate Eastern States 10-16-14 Open Formula (5)i< 10-16-14 7/815 Passed Muriate Essex Fertilizer Co. Essex A 1 Super 2-10-2 (3) . 2-10-2 1/2 Passed Muriate Essex Complete Manure 5-8-7 (5) 5-8-7 7/10 Passed Muriate Essex Fish Fertilizer 3-8-4 (3) 3-8-4 1/2 Passed Muriate 1 Three analyses. ' The remainder muriate; i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. ' Nitrate salts 2. .5, ammonia salts 3/5. * Nitrate salts 1/2, ammonia salts 1/2. 5 Two analyses. ^ Only 5 bags sold. Formula discarded. ' Nitrate salts 3/4, ammonia salts 1/4. 8 Nitrate salts 1/4, ammonia salts 3/4. ' Nitrate salts 3/8, ammonia salts 5/8. 1" Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. •' One other sample was out of balance. See analysis in table of "Mixtures seriously out of balance but not having commercial shortage." 1' Three analyses. One other sample was deficient. See analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." 13 Nitrate salts 4/5, ammonia salts 1/5. 1^ Five analyses. One other sample was out of balance; see analysis in table of "Mixtures seriously out of balance but not having commercial shortage." Two other samples were deficient; see analyses in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." 15 Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 21 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Grade of Nitrogen. Propor- Quality Form of Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Fertilizer. tion in Mineral Forms. of Water Insoluble Organic. Potash. Essex Fertilizer Co. — Concluded. Essex Market Garden 4-8-4 (5) 4-8-4 7/10' Passed Muriate Essex Peerless Potato Manure 4-6-10 (4) 4-6-10 7/101 Passed Muriate Essex Top Dressing 7-6-5 (3)» 7-6-5 9/10 Passed Muriate Excell Laboratories Zenke's New Plant Life (1) . 1.7-1.07-.54 AlP - Sulfate H. L. Frost & Co. Frost's Special Tree Fertilizer (1) . 8-6-6 7/103 Passed Sulfate Grasselli Chemical Co. GrasseUi Plant Food (2) 5-13-4 All - Muriate Thos. Hersom & Co. Hersom's Neverfail (2) . 5-10-5 7/10 Passed Muriate International Agricultural Corp. I-. A. C. Berry & Fruit (4) 3-10-4 2/34 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Caribee Brand 5-8-7 (4)5 . 5-8-7 5/86 Passed 4/5 sulfate' I. A. C. Crop Grower (12) 5-8-7 7/10 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Fertilis Tablets (3) . 10-12-10 All - 1/5 sulfate' I. A. C. General Favorite (6) . 3-8-4 1/2 Passed Muriate I. A. C. High Grade Manure (3) 4-8-10 7/10^ Passed Muriate I. A. C. Ideal (9) . 4-8-4 5/81 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Multiple Strength 10-16-14 (2)6 10-16-14 3/4 Passed Muriate I. A. C. New England Special (4) . 2-12-4 1/2 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Onion Special (1) 6-3-6 1/3 Passed Sulfate I. A. C. Onion & Vegetable (1) 3-8-6 7/10^ Passed 4/5 sulfate' I. A. C. Special Multiple Strength (1) 4-24-4 5/8 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Special 4-6-10 (7) . 4-6-10 7/109 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Special 4-8-7 (1) 4-8-7 7/101 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Special Mixture (1) . 3.65-8.8-12 - Passed Sulfate I. A. C. Tobacco Special 7-5-12 (1) 7-5-12 1/2 Passed Sulfate I. A. C. Tobacco Special 7-6-5 (1) . 7-6-5 5/89 Passed Sulfate I. A. C. Tomato Special (1) . 4-10-7 3/510 Passed 4/5 sulfate' I. A. C. Top Dresser & Starter (1) . 7-6-5 3/5 Passed Muriate I. A. C. Top Dresser & Starter (5) 8-6-6 2/3 Passed Muriate Veulta Abajo Special Tobacco For- mula (3) 7-9-8 1/31 Passed Sulfate Henry James & Son 4-8-4 (1) 4-8-4 2/31 Passed Muriate 5-8-7 (3) 5-8-7 2/311 Passed Muriate Jarecki Chemical Co. Jarecki's 5-8-7 (2) 5-8-7 AU^ - Muriate Lowell Fertilizer Co. Lowell Animal Brand (7) 3-8-4 1/2 Passed Muriate Lowell Bone Fertilizer (9) 2-10-2 3/5 Passed Sulfate Lowell Corn & Vegetable (8) . 4-8-4 2/311 Passed Muriate Lowell Lawn & Garden Dressing (1) 4-7-2 All - Muriate Lowell Market Garden Manure (8) . 5-8-7 7/1012 Passed Muriate Lowell Potato Grower (8) 4-6-10 7/101 Passed Muriate Lowell Special Potato Fertilizer (2) 5-7-10 7/10 Passed Muriate Lowell Tobacco (1) 5-3-5 3/1010 Passed Sulfate Lowell Top Dressing (3) 7-6-5 7/8 Passed Muriate > Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. 2 Three analyses. ' Nitrate salts 1/2, ammonia salts 1/2. * Nitrate salts 1/4, ammonia salts 3/4. 5 Two analyses. « Nitrate salts 3/5, ammonia salts 2/5. ' The remainder muriate; i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. • Nitrate salts 3/10, ammonia salts 7/10. 1" Largely nitrate salts. 11 Nitrate salts 1/6, ammonia salts 5/6. 1' Nitrate salts 1/7, ammonia salts 6/7. 22 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Grade of Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- Quality Form of Fertilizer. tion in Mineral Forms. of Watar Insoluble Organic. Potash. Maine Farmers' Exchangfe M. F. E. Produce More 5-8-7 (3)i 5-8-7 4/51 Passed 1/5 sulfate' Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co Mapes Connecticut Valley Special (5) 6-4-7 3/83 Passed Sulfate Mapes Corn Manure (6)'' 3-8-3 7/10 Passed Muriate Mapes General Tobacco Manure (7)* 5-4-5 1/43 Passed Sulfate Mapes General Truck Manure (3) 5-6-5 7/8 Passed Muriate Mapes General Use Manure (2) 3-6-4 5/8 Passed Muriate Mapes Onion Manure (2) 4-6-4 4/5 Passed Sulfate Mapes Potato Manure (4)^ 4-7-5 3/4 Passed Muriate Mapes Special Trucker (2) . 5-8-7 4/5 Passed 3/10 sulfate' Mapes Special Trucker S. P. (4) . 5-8-7 3/4 Passed 1/4 sulfate' Mapes Tobacco Ash and Starter (1) 4-6-15 4/5S Passed Sulfate Mapes Tobacco Ash Constituents (1) 1-4-15 1/4 Passed Sulfate Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved (2) 5-6-1 3/55 Passed 1/2 sulfate' Mapes Tobacco Starter Special (2)^ 5-6-3 3/56 Passed Sulfate Mapes Top Dresser (2)* 10-4-2 7/8' Passed Muriate A. G. Markham & Co. Markham's 4-6-10 (2) 4-6-10 1/2 Passed Muriate Markham's 4-8-4 (2) . 4-8-4 1/2 Passed Muriate Markham's 4-8-7 (1) . 4-8-7 4/5' Passed Muriate Markham's 5-3-5 (2) . 5-3-5 3/103 Passed Sulfate Markham's 5-8-7 (1) . 5-8-7 3/4 Passed Muriate McCallum Co. Fertobac (5) . . . . 3-.5-3.5 - Passed Organic Meyer & Mendelsohn M. & M. Special Mixture (4)< 5-4.5-5.5 - Passed Carbonate Miller Fertilizer Co. Miller's Crop Grower (5) 5-8-7 7/10 Passed Muriate Miller's High Grade (1) 4-6-10 5/8 Passed Muriate Miller's Onion & Vegetable (1) 4-8-4 3/5 Passed Muriate Mitchell Fertilizer Co. Mitchell's Vegetable Fertilizer (1) . 4-8-4 2/3 Passed Muriate New England Fertilizer Co. New England Complete Manure (2) 4-6-10 1/2 Passed Muriate New England Corn Phosphate (2) 2-10-2 1/2 Passed Muriate New England Market Garden Manure (1 ) 5-8-7 5/8 Passed Muriate New England Potato & Vegetable Manure (4) 4-8-4 7/10' Passed Muriate New England Super (3) 3-8-4 1/2 Passed Muriate Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Old Deerfield Lawnshrub (3)< 6-5-5 1/3 Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 3-10-6 (1) 3-10-6 2/38 Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 4-8-4 (4)< 4-8-4 2/38 Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 5-8-7 (3) 5-8-7 1/28 Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 6-8-7 (2)* 6-8-7 1/28 Passed Sulfate Old Deerfield 6-8-12 (1) 6-8-12 2/5» Passed Sulfate Old Deerfield 7-3-7 Complete Tobacc 0 Fertilizer (9)'» . 7-3-7 l/6'i Passed Sulfate Old Deerfield 8-6-6 Grass Top Dressing (1 ) 8-6-6 3/45 Passed Muriate Old Deerfield 10-16-14 (1) . 10-16-14 2/512 Passed Muriate ' Two analyses. In one sample all of the mineral nitrogen was from ammonia salts. One analysis (2 samples) showed 1/4 nitrate salts, 3/4 ammonia salts. ' The remainder muriate; i.e.,[suflBcient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. * Largely nitrate salts. * Two analyses. * Nitrate salts 3/10, ammonia salts 7/10. ' Nitrate salts 2/5, ammonia salts 3/5. ' Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. 8 Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. * Nitrate salts 2/3, ammonia salts 1/3. i« Four analyses. " Nitrate salts 1/2, ammonia salts 1/2. " Nitrate salts 1/8, ammonia salts 7/8. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 23 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Olds & Whipple, Inc. O & W Blue Label Tobacco Fertilizer (6)' O & W Complete Market Garden Fertili- zer (2)1 O & W Complete Tobacco Fertilizer (3) . O & W Grass Fertilizer (1) . O & W High Grade Potato & Vegetable Fertilizer (4)' . O & W High Grade Starter & Potash (1) . O & W Special High Grade Tobacco Starter (1) Hartraan's Special Mixture (4) Oyama Products Co. Oyama Plant Food (1) Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co P & P A A Brand (7) . P & P Corn & Vegetable (5) P & P Grain Grower (1) P & P Maine Potato Fertilizer (5) P & P Plymouth Rock Brand (5) P & P Top Dressing (4) Pawtucket Rendering Co. Pawtucket 4-8-4 (1) . Pawtucket 5-8-7 (1) . Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. Harvest Brand 2-8-2 (1) Harvest Brand 3-8-4 (1)' Harvest Brand 4-6-10 (4) Harvest Brand 4-8-4 (4) Harvest Brand 5-8-5 (1) Harvest Brand 5-8-7 (4) Harvest Brand 8-6-6 (1)' Plant Products Co. Fulton's Plantabbs (2) Rogers & Hubbard Co. Gro-Fast Golf Green Fertilizer (2) Gro-Fast Lawn Fertilizer (1) Hubbard's Bone Base Fertilizer for Seed- ing Down (3) ..... Hubbard's Bone Base Oats & Top Dress- ing (5) Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Corn and General Crops Manure (6) Hubbards Bone Base Soluble Potato Manure (4) .... . Hubbard's Bone Base Soluble Tobacco Manure (4) .... . Rogers & Hubbard's All Soils — All Crops Fertilizer (3) Rogers & Hubbard's Climax Tobacco Fertilizer (2) Rogers & Hubbard's Corn & Grain Fertili- zer (3) Rogers & Hubbard's High Potash Fertili- |. zer (2) Grade of Fertilizer. 6-3-6 4-8-4 5-3-5 6-6-4 5-8-7 5-4-15 10-3-0 6-3-6 20-17.35-24.52 5-8-7 4-8-4 2-10-2 4-6-10 3-8-4 7-6-5 Nitrogen. 4-8-4 5-8-7 2-8-2 3-8-4 4-6-10 4-8-4 5-8-5 5-8-7 8-6-6 13.37-15-20 8-6-0 8-2-4.5 3-5-6 10-3-8 3-8-6 6-8-5 6-8-10 4-10-4 5-3-5 1-10-3 3-8-10 Propor- tion in Mineral Forms. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic 1/42 3/53 1/42 AlH 7/103 3/8« 3/7« 1/55 A116 7/10 4/7 1/2 1/2 3/5 All 1/2 1/2 3/5 2/3 7/10 7/10 3/4 3/4 9/10 All 8 7/10 1/22 1/3 All* 3/8 3/5>i 3/512 3/5 1/32 1/6 1/2" Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Inferior Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Form of Potash. Sulfate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Sulfate' 3/4 sulfate" Muriate 2/3 sulfatei» Muriate 3/4 sulfate" Sulfate Muriate 4/5 sulfatel" Muriate Muriate ' Two analyses. ' Largely nitrate salts. * Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. * Nitrate salts 1/2, ammonia salts 1/2. ' Nitrate salts 3/4, ammonia salts 1/4. ' Nitrate salts 3/5, ammonia salts 2/5. T One other sample was deficient. See analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." ' Nitrate salts 2/3, ammonia salts 1/3. » No potash guaranteed; 1.58% found. '" The remainder muriate; i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. 11 Nitrate salts 1/4, ammonia salts 3/4. •2 Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Continued. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Rogers & Hubbard Co. — Concluded. Rogers & Hubbard's Potato Fertilizer (1) Rogers & Hubbard's Tobacco Grower — Vegetable Formula .... Rogers & Hubbard's Tunaker for Tobacco (2)2 Rogers & Hubbard's 3-8-4 (1) Rogers & Hubbard's 4-8-4 (5) Rogers & Hubbard's 5-8-7 (6) Ross Bros. Co. Lawn Grass Top Dressing (1) Market Garden (1) . Potato & Onion (1) . F. S. Royster Guano Co. Royster's Comet Guano (2) . Royster's Farmers Brand Fertilizer (3) Royster's Gem Guano (5) Royster's Quality Trucker (1) Royster's Top Dresser (3)^ . Royster's Trucker's Delight (4)< Royster's 5% Truck Guano (4) Royster's Valley Tobacco Guano (2)* M. L. Shoemaker & Co. Swift-Sure 3-10-3 Tobacco & General Use (1) Swift-Sure 4-10-0 Tobacco Starter (2) . Smith Agricultural Chemical Co. Smith's Sacco Plant Food (2)< Springfield Rendering Co. Springfield Animal Brand (1) Springfield Lawn & Shrub (3) Springfield Market Garden Grower & Top Dresser (2) . Springfield Special Potato, Onion & Vegetable (1) Springfield Tobacco Special (1) . Springfield Top Dresser (1) . Springfield 4-8-7 (2) . Swift & Co. Vigoro (5) Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp. Nitrophoska (3)< Henry J. Taubert Ferti-Flora (2) Wm. Thomson & Sons, Ltd. Thomson's Special Topdressing Manure( 1 ) Thomson's Vine, Plant & Vegetable Manure (1) .... • Triton Oil & Fertilizer Co. Triton 4-8-4 (2) Triton 4-8-7 (1) Triton 5-8-7 (3) Uniform Products Co. F&I(1) Green Life (1) . Inseetilizer (1) . . . . • Grade of Fertilizer. 2-10-4 6-3-5 10-4-10 3-8-4 4-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-4 5-8-7 4-8-4 3-10-6 2-8-2 2-12-4 4-8-7 8-6-6 4-8-4 5-8-7 5-4-5 3-10-3 4-10-0 4-12-4 3-8-4 5-5-5 5-8-7 4-8-4 5-3-5 7-6-5 4-8-7 4-12-4 18.24-30-15 4-3 2/3-3.3 4.86-7-2.5 3.65-7-4 4-8-4 4-8-7 5-8-7 2.5-25-3 3-.25-3.5 3-.25-3.5 Nitrogen. Propor- tion in Mineral Forms. Quality of Water Insoluble Organic. 1/4 3/101 1/5' 3/8 2/3 5/8 3/4 9/103 9/10 3/5 1/2 2/5 3/5 9/105 3/5 3/5 1/5 1/2 1/2 4/5 1/2 1/2 7/106 1/2 3/101 9/10 5/88 3/4 All' Alls 1/2 1/2 2/35 3/59 2/31 Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Passed Form of Potash. Muriate Sulfate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Muriate Sulfate Sulfate Sulfate Muriate Muriate Muriate Organic Organic Organic ' Largely nitrate salts. ... , , , i<,>r. x. 1. .; » Two analyses. One other sample was deficient; see analysis in table of Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." s Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. * Two analyses. ' Nitrate salts 3/8, ammonia salts 5/8. ' Nitrate salts 1/7, ammonia salts 6/7. ' Nitrate salts 1/10, ammonia salts 9/10. * Nitrate salts 3/5, ammonia salts 2/5. ' Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. lo Nitrate salts 2/5, ammonia salts 3/5. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 25 Mixtures Substantially Complying with Guarantees — Concluded. Grade of Nitrogen. Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Propor- Quality Form of Fertilizer. tion in Mineral Forms. of Water Insoluble Organic. Potash. United States Guano Co. Standard United States Evergreen Fish Guano (6)' 4-8-4 2/31 Passed Muriate Standard United States Fish, Bone & Potash (5)2 5-8-7 3/42 Passed Muriate Standard United States Golden Rule Guano (4)^ ..... 4-6-10 4/53 Passed Muriate Standard United States Grain Grower (S)* 2-8-2 5/8< Passed Muriate Standard United States Jersey Special (1) 4-8-10 4/55 Passed 2/5 sulfates Standard United States Service Mix- ture (2)7 2-12-6 4/55 Passed Muriate Standard United States Special Potato Grov/er (2)' 3-8-4 1/28 Passed -» Standard United States 8 x 6 x 6 (!)■» . 8-6-6 4/511 Passed Muriate Victory Fertilizer Co. Victory Lawn & Garden Fertilizer (3) 4-8-4 4/512 Passed Muriate Victory Plant Food (5) 3-8-4 9/1013 Passed Muriate Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp. Bloomaid (1) . 6-10-4 7/1014 Passed Sulfate Bloomaid Tablet Form (1) . 12-14-6 All - Sulfate Bloomaid Liquid Form (2) . 2.25-2.62-1.1216 Alli« — Sulfate V-C Aroostook Potato Grower (1) 5-8-7 1/2 Passed Muriate C. P. Washburn Co. Made Right Potato Fertilizer (2)' . 4-8-4 9/10 Passed Muriate Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Wilcox Corn Special (2) 3-10-4 5/88 Passed Muriate Wilcox High Grade Fish & Potash (2) . 4-8-4 3/51' Passed 1/6 sulfate^ Wilcox Potato & Vegetable Phosphate (4) 5-8-7 7/1014 Passed Muriate Wilcox 5-8-7 Fertilizer (1) . 5-8-7 7/1014 Passed Muriate Wilcox 7-6-5 Top Dresser (2) 7-6-5 4/518 Passed 3/8 sulfate" Worcester Rendering Co. Prosperity Complete Dressing (1) . 6-6-4 4/5 Passed Muriate Prosperity Corn & Grain Fertilizer (3) . 2-10-2 2/5 Passed Muriate Prosperity Market Garden Fertilizer (5) 5-8-7 2/311 Passed Muriate Prosperity Potato & Vegetable Fertilizer ( 5 ) 4-8-4 3/412 Passed Muriate 1 Five analyses. In 3 samples (2 analyses) the mineral nitrogen was derived largely from ammonia salts; in 2 samples, largely from nitrate salts; in 1 sample, 3/5 from nitrate salts and 2/5 from ammonia salts. One other sample was deficient; see analysis in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." ' Five analyses. In 4 samples the mineral nitrogen was derived largely from ammonia salts; in 1 sample, 1/2 from nitrate salts and 1/2 from ammonia salts; Two other samples were deficient; see analyses in table of "Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton." ' Four analyses. In 3 samples the mineral nitrogen was derived largely from ammonia salts; in 1 sample, 3/5 from nitrate salts and 2/5 from ammonia salts. * Three analyses. In 2 samples the mineral nitrogen was derived largely from ammonia salts; in 1 sample, largely from nitrate salts. ' Nitrate salts 7/10, ammonia salts 3/10. s The remainder muriate; i.e., sufficient chlorine present to account for this amount of potash. ' Two analyses. 8 Largely nitrate salts. ' In one sample all of the potash was in form of muriate; in one sample, 1/3 was in the form of sulfate. 1° Three other samples were deficient. See analyses in table of "Mixture showing a com- mercial deficiency of $1 or more per ton." '1 Nitrate salts 1/5, ammonia salts 4/5. 12 Nitrate salts 1/4, ammonia salts 3/4. 1' Nitrate salts 1/3, ammonia salts 2/3. 14 Nitrate salts 2/5, ammonia salts 3/5. 15 The guaranteed composition given on the carton which contained the bottle of solution was Nitrogen 9.88%, Available Phosphoric Acid 14%, Potash 6%, and refers to the Bloomaid fertilizer in solid form, the label stating further that 11/2 ounces were in solution. The capacity of the bottle was 8 ounces, which would make the- actual guarantee of the solution about as follows: Nitrogen 1.85%, Available Phosphoric Acid 2.62%, Potash 1.12%. To avoid misunderstanding future guarantees on this product will refer to the solution and not to the fertilizer chemicals that are used in its manufacture. 1' Nitrate salts 1/2, ammonia salts 1/2. •' Nitrate salts 4/5, ammonia salts 1/5. 1' Nitrate salts 3/5, ammonia salts 2/5. 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 45 CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS Summary of Results of the Inspection of Fertilizer Simples and Raw Products. a) CD "o o-^ "o m 0) a . 00 B C 0) if 0) 0 _g a. 0 1^ 1^ PL, ■3 c t. 0 SCI Material. 0) 0) < 0 S3 (1) ri a 0 be a-ri 0 -a a, rt j3 s;-d to w (P - 0) 00 N M CT> N lO a> 00 t> ajoo >• P5«5^ ►J < C! J3 Z OJ-B m < 0) Q 00 s 01 o o z <1 >-H Ol C * O 3 -Is CO to t- lO M IJJ O o cr> o o ^ rH f~* < o a i 0) o o -* 00 o o o O Tl" O o t- ^ q q q q r-H 2 2 <« o d -1^ d M 00 CO i^ 3 .M CTj ai a> o> 00 d 00 CT> 00 o 1^ o 9 a: < C ■2 CO '-J OS o o OT CO q co q ^i 3 o 3! ^ Oi 00 05 OS CO CD 00 d CO J . ii o o o 03 1!-. o in o o gc o o q t~; CJ q t> q lo 3 M ^ ^ ^ CO CO oi ■-! 3 +^ ^§ -d CO -^ to 00 00 ^ 00 T^ 00 c o a> 00 O) q tr- q 05 t^ §s 3 oj t-^ ^ ei io d oi o fc< "■^ is o o o t> o o o o o o o o o 00 o q q q lo Sla LO lO c^i CO OJ t> lO d d DO 3 +J o Tf CO CO uo Tl* "* CO Tl< < Q -a 00 tr> o^ to Ol 00 o o" c M q o 00 00 N C^l q q >« 3 0 d .-^ CJ d c^i xn i^ d 00 o o ^ lO CO lO ■9 Ti> CO Tl< . „ ^ ^ ^ — a V u o So ■? c « O . .-0 Wo 2 §5 0 2 w 2 a 2 •:3 'SS <; D Z b O a s •< Z z m Q Z < •-l 3 . CD 0 « ICJEU <1 4J P I, .(g3uVoU o Q CO c.-> oSi; INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME Table IIL Gypsum or Land Plaster. Calcium Oxide Calcium Sulfate Calcium and (CaO). (CaSOi). Magnesium Carbonates Name of Manufacturer and Brand. (CaCOa- Guar- Guar- MgCO-,). Found. anteed. Found. anteed. Found. Atlantic Gypsum Products Co., Ports- mouth, N. H. Land Plaster (1) . . . . 31.44 30.61 72.15 74.76 4.58 United States Gypsum Co., 300 West Adams St., Cliicago, 111. Ben Franklin Agricultural Gypsum (1) 31.44 30.00 71.47 64.502 8.42 1 Gypsum does not neutralize sour soils. ' Guaranteed on tags attached to bags sampled, 85% calcium sulfate. Publication of this document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. 2500-3-'29. No. 5068. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 47 FEBRUARY. 1929 Seed Inspection "The Massachusetts seed law is written with intent of being of real benefit to the people of Massachusetts. It is hoped that it will bring about a very marked improvement in the quality of seeds which are bought and sold^in the Commonwealth, by causing seeds to be purchased and sold on a more intelligent basis. "But while the law is kindly in purpose it seeks aid in furthering its efficiency through a certain police power, namely that of publicity. The law provides for the publication from time to time of the results of the analyses and tests of samples of seeds procured on the market. This gives the purchaser an opportunity to study and compare the seed dealer's promises and practices from year to year." (Elizabeth F. Hopkins.) This bulletin is the first to be published under the new seed law which became effective November 1, 1927. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station Amherst, Mass. SEED INSPECTION Philip H. Smith, in Charge, Elizabeth F. Hopkins* and Oliver W. Kelly, Seed Analysts, Clarice L. Beane, Assistant Seed Analyst. This bulletin contains the results of the first inspection made under the provi- sions of the new Massachusetts Seed Law which became effective November 1, 1927. The Statute gives the Commissioner of Agriculture authority to enforce the law; he in turn has delegated the duty of analyzing seed samples which may be collected by his agents or submitted by citizens of the state to the Agricultural Experiment Station where a seed laboratory has been established for this purpose. Elizabeth F. Hopkins, a graduate of Vassar College with eight years' experience in the seed laboratory of the New York Experiment Station, was the first appointed seed analyst. To her fell the duty of installing the new laboratory and acquainting seed dealers and their customers with the requirements of the law. In May, 1928, Miss Hopkins was obliged to resign on account of ill health. The successful continuation of this work will rest in no small measure upon the excellent foundation laid by Miss Hopkins. In acquainting the public with the seed law a circular entitled, "How the Massachusetts Seed Law Operates" was printed and distributed. This is a resume of the law in non-technical language. Copies will be furnished upon request. In addition, talks and demonstrations were given at several meetings at the College, and in March the purpose and benefits of the act were explained over the Radio in the Farmers' Forum. The extent to which dealers have availed themselves of the facilities of the seed laboratory in determining germination and purity of the seeds they propose to sell indicates that a considerable proportion of those furnishing farm seeds are inter- ested in quality. These facilities are available to any who may wish to take advantage of them. As the seed laboratory becomes better known it is believed that the number of samples submitted will be increased materially. The fees are based on the actual cost of doing the work. A summary of the work accomplished from November 1, 1927, to October 1, 1928, follows: Non- Type of Test Official Official Total Purity analysis only (Special grass seed mixtures) 51 29 80 Germination test only 346 143 489 Both purity and germination required 152 68 220 Total number private and official samples examined 549 240 789 Class of Seeds Non -Official Official Total Field Crop 95 18 113 Forage Plant 177 78 255 Vegetable 253 144 397 Flower 12 12 Tree 12 12 Total 549 240 789 While it is believed that this collection is representative of the variety and quality of seed offered for sale, samples were taken from but few dealers. It is planned in the fviture to make a more general collection. ♦Resigned SEED INSPECTION 3 The law provides for the testing of seeds for trueness to type and variety under actual field conditions. It is intended to carry on this particular work from year to year to the extent allowed by available, funds, special attention being paid to those crops where the need for such investigation appears to be greatest. During the present season tests on vegetable seeds were made at the Market Garden Field Station at Waltham, and the Experiment Station Department of Agronomy made tests on samples of clover, alfalfa and sweet clover which were collected by the inspector. A report of this work by the investigators in charge is included in this bulletin. The Massachusetts seed law follows: [Chap. 274.] An Act to Regulate the Sale of Agricultural Seeds. Be it enacted, etc., as follows: Section 1. Section one of chapter ninety-four of the General Laws, as amended by chapter one hundred and seventeen of the acts of nineteen hundred and twenty-five, is hereby further amended by adding at the end thereof the following: — "Agricultural seeds" or "agricultural seed," in sections two hundred and sixty- one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, the seeds of Canada Blue grass, Kentucky Blue grass, Brome grass, fescues, millets, tall meadow oat grass, orchard grass, red top. Bent grasses, Italian rye-grass, perennial rye-grass, sorg- hum, Sudan grass, timothy, alfalfa, alsike clover, red clover, white clover, Canada field peas, cowpeas, soybeans, vetches, and other grasses and forage plants, buck- wheat, flax, rape, barley, field corn, oats, rye, wheat, and other cereals, mangels, onions and vegetables which are sold, offered or exposed for sale within this com- monwealth for use for seeding purposes therein. "Noxious weed seeds," in sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, the seeds of quack grass (Agropyron Repens), Canada thistle (Cirsium Arvense), dodder species (Cuscuta Spp.) and wild mustard. (Brassica Arvensis). "Weed seeds," in sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, all seeds other than agricultural seeds as defined in this sec- tion. "Inert matter," in sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, all foreign matter other than seeds. "Lot," in sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, contents of any container, open or sealed, from which or in which agricultural seeds are sold, offered or exposed for sale. Section 2. Said chapter ninety-four is hereby further amended by inserting after section two hundred and sixty-one, under the heading "Agricultural Seeds," the following twelve new sections: — Section 261 A. Every lot of agricultural seeds of ten pounds or more, except as otherwise provided in sections two hundred and sixty-one B to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, shall have affixed thereto, in a conspicuous place, on the exterior of the container of such agricultural seeds, a plainly written or printed tag or label in the English language, stating: (a) The commonly accepted name of such agricultural seeds. (b) The approximate percentage, by weight, of purity; meaning, the freedom of such agricultural seeds from inert matter and from other seeds distinguishable by their appearance. (c) The approximate total percentage, by weight, of weed seeds. (d) The name and approximate number per ounce of each kind of noxious weed seeds, which are present, singly or collectively, as follows: (1) in excess of one seed in each five grams of seeds of grasses, alfalfa and clovers; (2) in excess of one seed in each twenty-five grams of millets, rape, Sudan grass and other seeds of similar size not specified in subdivision (1) or (3) of this paragraph; (3) in excess of one seed in each hundred grams of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, vetches, soybeans, cowpeas and other seeds as large or larger than wheat. 4 CONTROL SERIES No. 47 (e) The approximate percentage of germination of such agricultural seed together with the month and year said seed was tested. (f) Name and address of the vendor of such agricultural seed. Section 261B. Mixtures of agricultural seeds of ten pounds or more which contain not more than two kinds of such seeds which are present in excess of five per cent by weight of each kind, shall have affixed thereto, in a conspicuous place on the exterior of the container of such mixture of seeds, a plainly written or printed tag or label, in the English language, stating: (a) That such seed is a mixture. (b) The name and approximate percentage by weight of each kind of agricul- tural seed present in such mixture in excess of five per cent by weight of the total mixture. (c) Approximate total percentage by weight of weed seeds. (d) The name and approximate number per ounce of noxious weed seeds which are present singly or collectively in excess of one seed in each fifteen grams of such mixture. (e) Approximate percentage of germination of each kind of agricultural seed present in such mixture in excess of five per cent by weight, together with the month and year said seed was tested. (f) Name and address of the vendor of such mixture. Section 261 C. Mixtures of agricultural seeds, except as specified in section two hundred and sixty-one B, shall have affixed thereto in a conspicuous place on the exterior of the container of such mixture a plamly written or printed tag or label in the English language stating: (a) That such seed is a mixture. (b) The name of each kind of agricultural seed which is present in excess of five per cent or more by weight of the total mixture. (c) The approximate total percentage by weight of weed seeds. (d) The approximate percentage by weight of inert matter. (e) The name and approximate number per ounce of each kind of noxious weed seeds which are present singly or collectively in excess of one seed in each fifteen grams of such mixture. (f) Name and address of the vendor of such mixture. Section 361 D. Every lot of vegetable seeds shall have affixed thereto in a conspicuous place on the exterior of the container a plainly written or printed tag or label in the English language stating: (a) The kind of seed and variety. (b) Name and address of the vendor of such vegetable seeds. Section 261E. Agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof may be marked "not tested" and seeds so marked or labelled shall have affixed thereto in a conspicuous place on the exterior of the container of each lot of such "not tested" seeds, a plainly written or printed tag or label in the English language stating: (a) That such seed is "not tested." (b) The name and address of the vendor of such "not tested" seeds. Section 261 F. Agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof shall be exempt from the provisions of sections two hundred and sixt3^-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive: (a) When sold to merchants to be recleancd before being sold or exposed for sale for use for seeding purposes. (b) When in storage for the purpose of recleaning or not possessed, sold or offered for sale for use for seeding purposes within the commonwealth. Section 26 IG. The commissioner of agriculture and his duly authorized assist- ants shall have authority to enforce sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, and to prosecute all violations thereof. Before any prosecution is begun by said commissioner or any of his duly authorized assistants, the parties concerned shall be given an opportunity to be laeard before said commissioner or a person designated by him for such purpose. The parties concerned shall be given reasonable notice of the hearing, specifying the day, hour and place thereof, and accompanied by a description of the alleged viola- tion. SEED INSPECTION 5 Section 261H. The commissioner of agriculture, either in person or by his assistants, shall have free access at all reasonable hours to each building or other place where agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof are stored, sold or offered or exposed for sale for the purpose of inspection of such seeds and, upon tendering the market price, tusly take samples of such agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof for tests and analyses. Such samples shall be thoroughly mixed and two official samples taken therefrom; each official sample shall be securely sealed. One of these official samples shall be held by the commissioner or his authorized agent at the disposal of the person named on the label as the vendor of the agricultural seed sampled, for six months after the results of the analysis have been reported as provided in the following section, and the other sample retained by said com- missioner or agent for analysis. Section 2611. The commissioner of agriculture shall cause such tests and analyses as he may specify to be made of samples collected under the preceding section in order to determine the quality of the seeds contained in such samples. To enable said commissioner to determine the trueness to type or variety of vegetable and other seeds he shall provide that field tests be made of such samples of seeds as he may designate and may publish the results of all such tests and analyses as are made in accordance with the provisions of this section. Section 261J. The word "approximate" as used in sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, shall be defined in rules and regulations promulgated by the commissioner of agriculture. Section 261K. Any person residing or doing business in this commonwealth shall have the privilege of submitting to the commissioner of agriculture samples of agricultural seeds for test and analysis, subject to such rules and regulations as may be adopted by said commissioner, including a reasonable charge or fee for such test and analysis. Receipts under this section shall be paid into the treasury of the commonwealth. Section 261L. Whoever sells, offers or exposes for sale, any lot of agricultural seeds, or mixtures of agricultural seeds, without complying with the requirements of sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one K, inclusive, or falsely marks or labels such agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof or vegetable seeds, or impedes, obstructs or hinders the commissioner of agriculture or any of his duly authorized agents in the discharge of the authority or duties conferred or imposed by any provision of said sections, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars. Section 3. This act shall take effect on November first, nineteen hundred and twentj'-seven. Approved April 18, 1927. Results of Inspection Seeds are examined by the seed analyst in order to determine if they meet with the requirements of the seed law for purity and germination. In some instances this work may be supplemented by field tests in order to determine if they are also true to declared type and variety. The purity analysis discovers the percentage of inert material (chaff and dirt) , the presence and amount of foreign seed including noxious weeds, and if necessary the amount of unnamed crop seeds present. An examination for purity is of special value for grass seeds and grass seed mixtures. The germination test determines the percentage of seed that will germinate under laboratory conditions which as nearly as possible duplicate conditions actually found by the germinating seed in the field. A statement of germination is not required or applied to mixtures of more than two kinds of seeds unless requested by people submitting seed samples for examination. On account of the fact that at its inception any control law must pass through a period of acquainting both seller and purchaser with the intent and purpose of the law it has not been thought wise to publish the detailed analyses of the 240 official samples. These were, however, reported to the dealers where samples were collected and attention called to any irregularities which might be in conflict with the requirements of the act. In some instances guarantees could not be obtained. 6 CONTROL SERIES No. 47 In future bulletins it is the intention to publish the analyses of all official samples collected. Seed Testing of Unofficial Samples It is the privilege of any person residing or doing business in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to submit to the Commissioner of Agriculture or his deputy, samples of seed for test and analysis on the basis of a specified fee for the character of service given. All fees exacted for the making of tests and analyses are paid into the treasury of the Commonwealth. The seed testing laboratory operates under certain rules and regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Agriculture and such rules must be strictly observed by the seedsmen or farmer in requesting service. These Rules and Regulations foUow: (1) The kinds of seeds that will be tested are those specified in the Massachu- setts seed law, and in addition, flower seeds may be tested for germination. (2) Samples to be tested should be drawn in such a way as to be representative of the bulk lot of seed from which they are taken. Directions for sampling are those given in United States Department of Agriculture Circular 406, RULES FOR SEED TESTING, page 2. 2. Method of Taking the Sample The sample must be taken in such a way that it represents as accu- rately as possible the bulk lot being sampled. To this end it is impor- tant that equal quantities be taken from each container sampled, and from each place in a container, in a given lot of seed. (a) Bags, closed or open, should be sampled — (1) With a trier or bag sampler long enough to reach the center of the bag; in small lots, approximately equal quantities should be taken from near the top, the middle, and the bottom of each bag; but when more than five bags are sampled, it should be sufficient to take from one place in each bag sampled (See 4) ; or (2) With a long trier or probe which should extend the length of the bag. (b) Bulk seeds in bins, cars, or other containers are to be sampled with a long trier or probe extended through the bulk in several places. (c) In the case of packet seeds, take entire packets. 3. Alternative Methods When better means are not available, open bags of cereals or other large seeds, or seeds in small bins or other packages may be sampled by hand, taking approximately equal quantities from different places including the top and opposite sides as near the bottom as practicable. Any portion of seed which has been opened and exposed for sale should be considered as liable to contamination and should be sampled with special care. 4. Number of Bags to be Sampled In lots of five bags or less, each bag should be sampled. In larger lots, sample every fifth bag, but never less than five bags. Whenever there is evidence of lack of uniformity in a lot of seed, each bag should be sampled separately. The samples from each bag may be kept separate or they may be com- bined in composite samples as circumstances require. 5. Dividing the Sample The total quantity of seed drawn may be in excess of that required for a sample. It is very important that the seeds should be thoroughly mixed before taking the sample that is to be sent for analysis; if possible a mechanical divider should be used to obtain the desired quantity. (3) Only samples which are of sufficient size for taking a representative test- sample will be analyzed or tested. SEED INSPECTION 7 The minimum weight of seed forwarded for purity analysis and germination test should be: (a) Two ounces of grass seed of any kind or of white or alsike clover, (b) Five ounces of red clover, crimson clover, alfalfa, millet, flax, or seed of like size. (c) One pound or more of cereals, or seed of like size. The minimum weight forwarded for germination test alone should be: (a) One-half ounce of grass seed of any kind or of white or alsike clover, or vegetable seeds. (b) One ounce of red clover, crimson clover, alfalfa, millet, flax, or seed of like size. (c) Eight ounces or more of cereals or seed of like size. (d) Two hundred seeds or more of any flower seeds. (4) Each sample should bear an identification mark, the name of the kind of seed, and the name and address of the vendor. Also the sample should be accom- panied by a letter stating exactly what is desired, — ^whether a purity analysis, a germination test, or both. (5) Tests and analyses made under the provision of the Massachusetts seed law are conducted under the supervision of the Director of the Massachusetts Experi- ment Station. The name of the Experiment Station, the Seed Laboratory, or of any individual associated therewith, must not be used for advertising purposes in connection with the report issued upon any sample. The information given on the report may be copied on to a tag or label for purpose of declaration of sale, but the party doing this is thereby guaranteeing that the quality of the seed to which this label is attached is equal to that indicated by the label. (6) Samples sent by mail or express must be fully prepaid, and should be care- fully put up and securely wrapped to insure their arrival without damage. Each sample should be plainly adddressed to the State Seed Testing Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts. (7) The fees to be charged for seed tests made at this laboratory are as follows: Germination test for all seeds except grasses other than timothy,- but including clovers and alfalfa, thirty cents each. Germination tests of grasses except timothy, fifty cents each. Purity analyses of cereals, fifty cents each. Purity analyses of timothy, and all other kinds of crop seeds, except grasses, seventy-five cents each. Purity analyses of grasses and of all mixtures of not more than two kinds of agricultural seeds, one dollar each. Purity analyses of special mixtures, including lawn grasses and pasture mixtures, a charge sufficient to cover the actual cost of working the sample submitted for test, minimum charge one dollar and twenty-five cents. In no case will final report be rendered until all fees are paid. (8) The methods and rules of testing in this laboratory will be in practically all cases those rules recommended and followed by the Association of Official Seed Analysts of North America. In order to prevent wide variations due to use of different methods of testing, it is advised that seedsmen and others doing their own testing employ the rules and methods followed by the State Seed Testing Laboratory. A copy of Rules for Seed Testing, Circular No. 406, may be obtained upon request from the United States Department of Agriculture. Field Tests of Alfalfa and Clover Seeds Dr. Cubbon for the Department of Agronomy issued the following report on alfalfa and clover seeds submitted for field tests: — CONTROL SERIES No. 47 Early in June 12 varieties of seeds were planted to be tested for trueness to name. These included 5 varieties of alfalfa, 1 of sweet clover, 4 of medium red clover and 2 of mammoth red clover. The seeds were planted in rows 3 feet apart. Each variety occupied approximately 24 feet in the row. All the seed was inocu- lated with Humogerm. Ground limestone, at the rate of 1 J^ tons per acre, was applied about a month prior to seeding, and disked into the soU. Fertilizer was also applied in adequate quantities. From the nature of this test it will be necessary to wait until the second growing season before definite characteristics of the plants appear, and for that reason nothing more than a preliminary statement is in order at this time. There seems to be no question but that the sweet clover was properly labeled. Some of the alfalfas appear quite certainly to be variegated strains, wliich would indicate that they may be Grimm alfalfa. It is too early, however, to definitely decide. Nothing can be said as to the clovers because the growth habits are so similar the first year. True Type Vegetable Tests The true type tests were an attempt to determine through actual field trials whether the seed sold for market garden crops was true to type and strain. These crops were grown at the Market Garden Field Station at Waltham, under the supervision of Mr. Ray M. Koon and Mr. Paul W. Dempsey. The entire range of market garden crops could not be covered in one season owing to the expense of carrying out such tests. This year the trials were limited to cabbage, caiTots, celery, lettuce, spinach, and squash. Unfortunately the carrot crop was a com- plete failure. The seed selected was purchased from twelve representative dealers, either by a mail order placed by someone not connected with the work or by an inspector where the seed house was located in Massachusetts. At the outset it was planned to select the same varieties of seed from each dealer. This was not found practical in every case and some substitutions were made. Before planting, all seeds were subjected to germination tests. In order to insure a sufficient num- ber of plants for a fair trial, the varieties of carrot, lettuce, and spinach were planted in rows 40 feet in length; SO plants of each variety of celery, 25 plants of each variety of cabbage, and 5 hills of squash were used. The results obtained were not sufficiently definite to cause an unqualified endorsement or condemnation of any particular dealer, although in a number of instances seeds were neither true to type nor of good germinating quality. In the following tabulation true type is expressed in terms of percentage: Cabbage Variety Number of Tests Germination per cent True Type per cent Min. Max. Min. Max. Copenhagen Market 12 6 1 1 1 11 8 12 50 63 44 9 50 92 92 70 4 63 90 96 92 34 62 70 58 34 88 Danish Ballhead 70 Danish Ballhead Short Stem 66 78 Danish Roundhead Short Stem 72 Golden Acre 96 80 88 Remarks: Golden Acre. One lot, large frame late Copenhagen type. Two lots, large frame. SEED INSPECTION Copenhagen Market. Two lots, small frame. Three lots, off in color, size, and shape. One lot, pointed. Carrots Variety Number of Tests Germination per cent True Type per cent Min. Max. Min. Max. Chantenay 11 11 10 54 47 63 Hutchinson Remarks: Crop failure for all varieties. Celery Variety Early Blanching Easy Blanching Giant Pascal Giant French Pascal Golden Giant Wonderful Golden Plume Golden Self Blanching Golden Self Blanching Dwarf Newark Market Paris Golden Paris Golden Self Blanching. Self-Blanching Wonderful Number of Tests Germination per cent Min. 82 58 75 73 74 28 66 68 Max. 86 79 87 86 66 90 74 54 91 93 50 74 83 True Type per cent Min. 96 96 92 90 98 92 96 Max. 96 98 98 100 100 100 96 92 98 92 96 90 100 Lettuce Variety Big Boston Black Seeded Big Boston Black Seeded Tennis Ball Market Gardeners May King New York Salamander Unrivalled Number of Tests Germination per cent 9 15 54 38 77 48 10 Max. 89 99 98 79 98 99 90 54 True Type per cent Min. Max 84 94 72 92 90 98 96 98 94 100 82 96 94 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 47 Remarks: Black Seeded Big Boston. One lot, no red tinge. One lot, no good heads. Big Boston. One lot, three types represented. New York. Two types represented in all lots. (a) Definite head. (b) Roseate. Definite head type considered as standard. Salamander. One lot failed to grow under field conditions. This showed 48% germination in laboratory. Spinach Variety All Seasons Bloomsdale Savoy Brand . Giant Thick Leaf Giant Virofiay King of Denmark King of Newark Large Thick Leaf Viroflay . Large Viroflay Long Season Long Standing Long Standing Bloomsdale Monstrous Noble Gaudry Princess Juliana Round Thick Leaf Round Crumpled Leaf Savoy Leaf Savoy Special Victoria Number of Tests Germination per cent Min. ! Max 54 77 73 76 60 59 61 67 51 92 85 81 74 92 51 74 72 98 53 83 88 73 88 86 75 76 75 92 True Type per cent Min. 82 86 90 80 90 Max 94 90 94 88 94 90 80 82 94 94 92 98 92 92 86 94 Squash Variety Number of Tests Germination per cent True Type per cent Min. Max. Min. Max. Blue Hubbard 11 56 100 68 82 Remarks: All strains contained some specimens both off color and off type. SEED INSPECTION 11 Conclusions The initial year's work indicates that the seed offered for sale in Massachusetts is of good average quality. Instances of the sale of inferior seed are of frequent enough occurrence, however, to justify this form of inspection service. Farmers who purchase seeds of reputable seedsmen need have little fear of fail- ing to secure what they demand. Many of the wholesale dealers whose business is of sufficient volume to warrant the practice maintain their own laboratories in order to protect themselves and the people to whom they sell. The wisdom of purchasing guaranteed seeds of high quality needs no argument to justify the practice. The farmer who uses inferior seed which fails to germinate or who introduces noxious weeds on to his land through the purchase of foul seed greatly increases the cost of growing his crop. Seeds which bear the "Not Tested" label may be cheaper to purchase but may actually cost more before the crop is harvested. In the 1927 report of Seed Analyses in the state of Pennsylvania are found the following pertinent statements: 1. "Weeds are estimated to cost the farmer $2.00 per acre for every acre of tillable land." 2. "Cheap seeds are a common source of weed infestation." 3. "The presence of weed seeds makes cheap seed expensive." 4. "Quality should be the first consideration, price second." Publication of this document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance. 5M-3-'29. No. 5069. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 48 JULY, 1929 Eradication of Puilorum Disease in Massachusetts (Bacillary White Diarrhea) 1928-1929 By W. R. Hinshaw, E. F. Sanders, and G. L. Dunlap This is the ninth annual progress report on the eradication of puilorum disease in Massachusetts under the Poultry Disease Elimination Law of 1919. Eradication rather than control has now become the objective of this service. The basic disease eradication principle is the recognition of and the removal of every infected individual on the premises. Annual testing of the entire flock; retesting infected flocks within the season, until a non-reacting report is obtained; an increasing number of poultrymen buying new stock from non-reacting 100 per cent tested flocks; and a continued yearly increase in number of birds tested, with a constant increase in the percentage of poultry population in non-reacting flocks, all point to progress in eradication. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE IN MASSACHUSETTS 1928-1929 By W. R. Hinshaw, E. F. Sanders, and G. L. Dunlap One of the most successful seasons in the history of the eradication program was closed on March 1, 1929. Service was given to every applicant, with the exception of one who had an outstanding account. Much of this success was due to the efforts of the State and County Extension Services in encouraging earl,v filing of applications. Because of the large number of applications received previous to September 1, 1928, it was possible to route the blood collectors more effectively, and poultry- men in turn received l)etter service than in j^revious seasons. For their excellent cooperation during the past testing season, we wish at this time to express appreciation to the poultrymen, the State and County Extension Services, Mr. Oliver S. Flint, Manager, M.A.C.F.B., the respective offices of administration, and the members of the Depart- ment of Veterinary Science. Name of Disease Changed At the second annual Conference of I>al)oratory Workers held at New Haven, Connecticut, May 1, 2, 3, 1929, it was unanimously voted to accept the suggestion of Dr. Leo F. Rettger, Yale University, to change the name of bacillary white diarrhea to "pullorum disease". It was further agreed that all laboratories represented at the conference (twelve laboratories located in United States and Canada) should make the pro- posed change in all publications and forms used as soon as possible. Therefore, in this report and on all new forms issued, the name pullorum disease will be substituted for Salmonella pullorum infection and for bacillary white diarrhea,. This is a most desirable substitution and will prevent confusion with the many other forms of diarrheas in chicks, and will be a specific name for the disease in adults. Furthermore, it will have the advantage over the name Salmonella pullorum infection, adopted by this laboratory a year ago, because of its brevity. There is little doubt but that "pullorum disease" will become universally accepted, and poultrymen are urged to use the term on all occasions when referring to the disease either in adults or in chicks. Summary of Service Rendered A service which has nt)t been rendered before is that of free autopsy and bacteriological examination of reactors from flocks which have pre- viously been non-reacting. In tiiese cases, the reactions often are questionable, and to give the poultryman the benefit of the doubt a nega- tive report is issued if Salmonella palluruin^ the causative organism, is not isolated from any of the reactors. If the organism is isolated from ene or more of the reactors, all the questionable birds are considered as in- fected. Anotlier service established during the 1928-29 season was that of telephoning the results of the test. When the owner agreed to pay the toll charges, the results of the test were telephoned as soon as they were available. This was recommended to hasten the removal of infected birds. During the 1928-29 season, 55 poultrymen requested this service and 66 telei)hone calls were made to tliis group. To obtain information on the role that fowl otiier than chickens play in the transmission of pullorum disease, free service was given to poultry- men desiring to test turkeys, geese, and ducks. This service is discussed later. Applications received 435 Applications cancelled at owner's request 21 Applications cancelled for non-paj^ment of previous accounts 1 Flocks tested 413 Tests made' 304,092 Birds tested 254,512 Personal conferences held with visitors at the laboratory from August 1, 1928 to March 1, 1929 131 Autopsies performed to check suspicious reactions 75 Poultrymen requesting and receiving telephone service 55 Distribution By Breeds, of Tests and Reactors A summary of the number of tests made in each breed is given in Table 1. The data in this table were compiled from the actual number of birds tested and not from the total tests made. . The difference between total tests made and number of birds tested was 49,580. These represent the number of retests made in flocks where an intensive retesting plan of eradication was followed. Details of the results of testing fowl other than chickens, which are included under the miscellaneous group, are given under another heading. Little change from 1927-28 in the percentage of total birds in the various breeds has occurred, and Rhode Island Reds have continued to be the most popular breed. Comparison of the data in Table 1 with similar data given in Table 1 of Control Bulletin 43 (the 1927-28 report), shows that an appreciable reduction in the average percentage of infection is reported for every breed. The average percentage of infection for all birds tested was 6.52 in 1927-28, as compared with 4.25 per cent in 1928-29. Thus the average percentage was reduced 2.27 per cent. When one considers that 63,854 more birds were tested in 1928-29, this decrease can be considered a reliable indication that eradication is being accom- plished. ^ To obtain further information on the proper age to test pullets, and on the possibil- ities of eradication of pullorum disease by an intensive retesting program, several easily accessible flocks were retested free of charge. The total number of such tests plus the total number of tests on fowl other than chickens was .'5,323. The number of routine testa for which charges were made was 298,700. 3 s •-; a; 1 i-I (^ '^^ ^* ^ ■^' ^-I o 'd '^ ^ ^ •4 §3 Si 3 z -H (^ 00 « P; in « — _^ o fs_ ■* 00 00 Total Birds Tested Oinc^30^^aOO>D»n^'N ITJ X D 0 a z < J a S i O Si ^ O (>) O CO O ^3 O O O '-"^ -H E -3 7.^ O •-^ CO OD !M lO — X '5 --H 'r^ O >< i 0 O t~ O O O O O O ^1 -1 ^- ^"^ oj -a 5 S Tt< CO '-0 CO CI '30 :Zi CO CO CI c; c ^ 1^ W5 '^ z o a u w I ^ II o O Cv] (M O cr- O " O -t< O O !M O CO CO T-^ ^ 'X> CO ^ 71 O '-'5 Oto— iO'^o-t-0 t^ -f t~ o li-: c; o CO t^ o t^ -"■ r~ rH co_ CO .-H .-1 CO iq lO_ lC3 (m" -i" .-'' co" e CO u O « o w CO i o O O t; o •£ o .-o o -f c<:. X M XJ -i0i-<05>0't<0000t^>0 rHiOT-llMi-cOOCDiOr^t^ oq Tj^rtOcOrtOiOi-i ci r-T rt" tC CO (m" o OS -<^ nO 130 00 t^ a < S a o S OJ o Pi tj CO c; C-. t^ ~. o o 'H o o -f f .-H cc O (N t^ '~ CO rt lO t^ M rt t^ ,-. -t< -^< rH ^-. oo co_ co_ r4 C^f .-<" 00 -^ cOOO^O)000)(MOXO)>.ot^ t>Of-.-iO^OOX(MaO(N r~ in o_ t^ '-<_ 'Ti; ^_ C) 3D c» CO CO co" --H '"" -^ 1-0 -f oT X" oi r-n" co" 01 O) .-H ?■) CO •* Ol is o =0 5 o O 111111111111 ■a ■" T) U "O S m S "5- S 1^ -3 a) ^ •A ^ 1) car, when v.e met liere, I felt t!i;it our most serious (luestion was that on the control of hacillary wiiite diarrliea. We stood for and preached tlie doctrine of freedom from liacillary white diarrliea. We were honest in our intentions, but somewhere there was a loop-hole through which our aims were not bein.2,- realized. When we met last fall it was with the determination of finding a solution to this problem. After much discussion the motion was carried that thereafter it would be necessary to have a flock tested 100 per cent annually to remain a member. We have completed a year under this ruling and if there is any one requirement that should never be changed it is tliis. Nothing we have ever done has operated more to give us success and prestige, and to place us on a sounder foundation than this one step. It was the only logical step we could take. Of the 71 flocks referred to above, 29 were tested for the first time; seven had been tested previous to 1927-28, but not during that season: and 35 had been tested consecutively for two or more years. Of the 29 in the first test group, 16 had less than 50 per cent; six had from 50-74 per cent; and seven had from 75 to 99.99 per cent of their flock tested. Twenty of the 29 purchased their original stock from 100 per cent tested and non-reacting sources; seven obtained the original stock from sources with histories unknown to this laboratory; one flock originated from a source previously infected but in 1928-29 having a non-reacting report; and one flock came from four different sources. Two of the sources of the last mentioned flock have non-reacting test records, one has been infected for several years, and the fourth was without infection several years ago, but has had no test since 1925-26. The flock had 8.20 per cent infection on the first test of the season, and was negative on retest seven weeks later. Less than 10 per cent of the birds were tested and it is reasonable to believe that in the remaining 90 per cent a large amount of infection existed. This is another case where little attention was paid to source of stock in regard to freedom from disease. Furthermore, nothing can be promised the owner of this flock in regard to the result of his test next season. Even if he uses the tested stock to obtain his next season's replacements, he cannot be assured of a non-reacting test in 1929-30. This applies not nierelj' to those who had infection on the original test, for even though the sample or partial flock test was non-reacting, there is a strong possibility of infection being present in the untested group. This has proven to be the case in several instances on record. The seven flock owners having partial flock tests, non-reacting reports, and testing intermittently, all have flocks ranging in size from 500 to 5,000 birds. One of the seven had more than 75 per cent; two had from 50 to 74 per cent; and four had less than 50 per nent of their birds tested. None of the seven flocks was 100 per cent tested at any previous test, but all received a non-reacting report at the last previous test. One of the flocks experienced a severe outbreak of pullorum disease in the spring of 1928. On the original test, infection was found, and the non-reacting report was based on the last retest of the season. This flock owner reported to us that all but 140 of his birds were tested by this laboratory, and these were tested by another laboratory. He also reported that previous to the first test by this laboratory his flock had been retested several times by another laboratory, thus reducing the in- fection considerably before the original test reported by us. One might argue from the results obtained by this group of poultry- men, that it is needless to test annually. The reader is referred to the 8 instance related in the previous paragraph for a direct reply to such a question. It is true that some poultrymen have succeeded in maintaining a disease-free flock by testing only the breeders every two or three years, but it takes exceptional management. Sooner or later flocks tested under such a plan will become infected. As mentioned previously, 35 of the 71 non-reacting, partially tested flocks were tested for two or more consecutive years. In 1927-28 ten of these were 100 per cent tested and non-reacting; 14 were non-reacting but only partially tested; two had infection and were 100 per cent tested; and nine had infection but were only partially tested. e2 1 n o-oct-oc — p in «' >n in -e «' o ^e ©' ©' rf. M> 2 ^ 1 u CT> ^ rH '" H 5 O00O00Tt< — -< O ■* -C (S o_ .— t^ -- M 1 (N ^C^sOir. TtrC^OO (H (N a-' w" 1 © uo n rs -" m ^e "a 0 H u 0^ ^^ 01>t^.0t^-<' ^ (N — 00 [ (N —I fN fS « (S (N -* 00 ^ ss s CO (N t--_ lO iC lO TO IM lO CO o to ^■r Ci •a ^^ 03 ._ 00 O^ t° ?^ PQ -^ Ol ;c co" oi t^ ,^ a -a ^^ OJ a; H ^ ,^, c t- — lOCOCOOi-llM-t t CO -^ Co to co■^•^'^^!r'C^^c^^rt^ o cc O t^ o o lo 00 Tt< lo o ro C^ CO t^ c% 'o •c M a3_ o_ o ^_ u: CO '#_ !C O) co_ <^. o to_ • _< ;c co" — " c; TT im" ro c-' cc o cd" o: ?^ £? T3 K f^ ?^ ■^ O o o O H U to *~^ o 00 lO t-~ -x: o iQ o r- o: -4. ^H c> ^; c rN (M \r. o- E " to 50 ^ ,^ e s: *C; o o ? -a 5 "K, >. -•^ --. a 3 a -5 o O U iJ _ i^ >■ ^1 ^? 2 S - =: -o -S S S S -C S £ d ri •- o 5 "J o oj >, o "3 0 mras:ufcEK^. /^ H t. * 10 the past testing season. A poultrynian who had a slight percentage of infection in his partially tested flock at the beginning of the 1927-28 sea- son, was given a non-reacting report on the partial flock test at the end of the season by virtue of his status, due to retesting. The untested birds were isolated in buildings some distance from his tested stock. In 1928-29 he had part of the untested stock of 1927-28 tested, together with his tested birds and progeny of 1927-28 tested stock. Most of the Infection this season was confined to the birds not tested in 1927-28. For three successive j^ears this man has had a small percentage of infection at the beginning of the season. Until he has all of his birds tested and removes all the infection from his premises by a retest program, it is doubtful if he will be successful in eradicating the disease from his flock. Tested Flocks Classified According to Size In sections of the United States, where very little progress has been made in eradication of puUorum disease, a common question is, "Can flocks of any size be made free from the disease and kept free from year to jear?" Table IV is included to help answer this question. Since less than 100 per cent tested flocks are always questionable as to their true status, no discussion will be given to such flocks. There were 264' flock owners who tested every bird on their premises in 1928-29. Of these, 130 (49.24 per cent) owned flocks of 500 birds or more; 51 (19.31 per cent) had flocks of over 1,000 birds; and 14 (5.30 per cent) owned flocks of over 2,000 birds. In the 100 per cent tested and non-reacting group, 88 or 56.05 per cent of the total (157 flocks) had over 500 birds in each flock; 38 (24.20 Table IV. Tested Flocks Classified According to Size. A. Classification of All Flocks. Less Size of Flock than 50 51-200 201-500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-3000 Over 3000 Totals Less than 100 Tc Tested 4 13 36 4S 35 9 4 149 100 To Tested 13 38 S3 79 37 7 7 264 Totals 17 51 119 127 72 16 11 41.^ Per cent of Total Flocks Tested 4.1;.' 12. So 2S.S1 30.7.5 17.43 3.S7 2.60 B. Classification of Non-reactirg Flocks 100 T^ Tested 75-99.99% Tested 50-74 % Tested 1-49% Tested Totals Per cent of Total Non-reacting Flocks 6 24 39 1 1 9 1 0 4 2 3 7 10 28 59 4.3.9 12.28 2.5.SS 30.70 9 45 19.74 9 3.95 5 1 0 1 7 3.07 157 26 10 35 228 11 per cent) were flocks of over 1,000 birds; 11 (7.01 per cent) were flocks of over 2,000 birds; and 5 (3.18 per cent) were flocks of over 3,000 birds. Tlie largest 100 per cent tested and non-reacting flock was one of 5,100 birds. This flock has been without infection for four years, and has been the source of a large number of the non-reacting flocks in the State. One other in the group of flocks composed of over 3,000 birds has likewise been non-reacting for several years. Two have been on the in- fected list, but have succeeded in eliminating the disease by an intensive retesting program. The fifth flock in this group is one of 3,600 birds, which was without infection two years ago, and was not tested in 19'37-28. Five reactors were found on the original test in 1928-29 and the infected pens were retested. No reactors were found on retest so a negative report was given. The experience of the authors has been that it is very important to test 100 per cent of the flock each year. The example given above is an illustration of this need. If the flock had not been tested this year, or if only a portion of it had been tested, there would be a strong possi- bility of a much greater percentage of infection anotiier year, because of the danger of leaving one or two reactors on the premises. Variation In Infection Table V summarizes the average variation in infection for the past six testing seasons. The details regarding the source and other historical data given in the following discussion are included as a matter of record. All these data, refer only to the 1928-29 testing season, and emphasis is placed on such examples as are illustrative of the need for annual 100 per cent testing,, intensive retesting of infected flocks, etc. In 1928-29, the infection ranged from 0.00 to S4.43 per cent. There were 228 non-reacting flocks, representing 153,334 birds in 1928-29, which is an increase of 90 non-reacting flocks and 72,505 birds over 1927-28. A more detailed discussion of the non-reacting flocks has been given in the discussion of table III. Less Than One Per Cent Infection Of the 40 flocks having less than one per cent infection, 33 had pre- vious testing histories, and seven were tested for the first time. One of the seven tested for the first time, originated from a non-reacting source. The one reactor in the flock was sent to the laboratory for autopsy and bacteriological examination, and Salmonella pullorum^ the causative organ- ism, was isolated. One of the flocks originated from a source having 5.22 per cent infection in 1927-28. Each of two flocks originated from two sources, one reacting and the other a known non-reacting flock. Another originated from one known non-infected, and one unknown source; and one originated wholly from an unknown source. The flock which origin- ated from a combination of the known non-reacting, and the unknown sources, was composed of two breeds. The Rhode Island Reds originating from a non-reacting source were without infection, while the Leghorns, which came from another state, with no testing history had 4.44 per cent infection. 12 Of tlie 33 flocks having previous testing history, all but three were tested in 1927-28. Nineteen were 100 per cent tested, while 14< were less than 100 per cent tested in 1928-29. The results of retesting during the 1928-29 season formed the basis for classification of 13 flocks in this group. Two of these 13 flocks had between 10 and 20 per cent infection on the original test; live had be"tween 6 and 10 per cent; and six had from 1 to 5 per cent. With the exception of one flock, only one retest was made. Eight of the 33 flocks with previous testing history were non-reacting in 1927-28. One of these was only partially tested during the last season, and is located within a few yards of a flock which has had a large per- centage of infection for two years. The second was partially tested in 1928-29, and had not been tested previously since 1925-26. The third flock was non-reacting on the first retest in 1927-28. With the exception of a few, all reactors were among the birds which were hatched previous to the time of the original test in 1927-28. Infection in the fourth flock can probably be accounted for by the introduction, after the previous tests, of Barred Rocks from a source known to be infected. The Rhode Island Reds in the flock were witliout infection, while the Barred Rocks had 2.74 i^er cent infection. The fifth flock was non-reacting in 1927-28, but two reactors were found in one pen in the past season's test. Both of these reactors were sent to the Iaborator\' and the causative organism was isolated from each. The reason for infection getting into the flock was not determined. This i? another example of the need for annual 100 per cent flock testing. If this man had tested all of the birds with the exception of the one pen he would have considered his flock disease-free, and the two reactors might have been responsible for a large loss among the chicks, as well as a large percentage of infection in his flock in the 1929-30 test. The sixth flock was owned by a man who had three Brahmas from an unknown source on his premises. The only reactor was one of the three Brahmas. In the seventh flock, the infection was probably introduced through an incubator where custom hatching was carried on. At least one other flock, which was previously negative, became infected by this same incubator. The eighth flock having a non-reacting report the pre- vious season, was one for which no history has been obtained, except that various blood collectors report poor cooperation and poor management. In such instances it is not surprising that an infectious disease finds its way into the plant. Thirteen of the flocks having previous testing history were only partial- ly tested at their last test, and ten of these were in the group of 14 which were less than 100 per cent tested in 1928-29. One to Five Per Cent Infection There were 49 flocks which had from 1 to 5 per cent infection. Twenty were tested for the first time, and 29 had previous testing histories. In the group which were tested for the first time, 14 were 100 per cent tested, and six were less than 100 per cent tested. The histories of these flocks are not different from those in the other classes where more infection M'as found and which are discussed later. All but one flock in the group originated from either unknown, infected, or a combination of unknown, infected, and non-infected flocks. Ten of the group originated 13 1°^ 'fc^if-HT^oocoocootooco^i n 'T. ^. 'I ' ^ TO oo yS »" '-T M TO -H r~ t^ o o »>! -" ■*■<»< i-l TO CiO^O^^-^TOiOO-^OO C^0^-t^t^t^«Ot^O5C5TOi-i OOoOTOC^TfHiO'-ii-i^T-HCO O ^ "O O C^ lO O lO" r-H .-7 t-h" :» oi TO TO lO C5 m TO ro -o TO -^ o o o o ci_ ^ TO o to :o o o" o" o m" (m" 'm" ^' -tCTOOTOOO3/O •-I ^ to CI r-. 'O -tH o 10 O -t 1^ O 'X O Ol ■M c o o ;-< Ot^'-(.-HTOOO>OOcOOOO M 05 (N t^ CO o cs r^ c^i © E .h: TOOcD(NiO!M GO -t< in 3 a o -H y] t^ ->) c^ Z 1 sO 03 ^ •"^ (U OT 05 -)i -t< -t< O <>) O C>1 O' .-■ o o o a o in 1^ iM-1oO 0 H 14 partly from negative sources, and partly from infected or unknown sources. The one flock which originated from a non-reacting source had 1.26 per cent infection. No information was obtained in regard to earlier condition of the plant, or whether or not poultry had been kept on the premises previous to the addition of stock from non-reacting sources. To emphasize the need for buying stock from non-reacting sources, and to show the danger of introducing infection into flocks by adding birds from unknown or untested sources, a few interesting examples are dis- cussed. One flock having two breeds had 1.21 per cent infection among the Rhode Island Reds, which came from a disease-free flock; and 10.09 per cent infection among the White Leghorns, which came from a flock with no testing history. One test on a flock of Barred Rocks and White Wyandottes showed no infection in the White Wyandottes, and 4 per cent infection among the Barred Rocks. The White Wyandottes came from a non-reacting source, while the Barred Rocks came from one which was known to have had in- fection in 1927-28. A third flock consisting of Rhode Island Reds and Barred Rocks had infection among the Rhode Island Reds, which originated from a source that had an outbreak of the disease in 1927-28. The Barred Rocks, which came from a known, disease-free flock, were without infection. In the group of 29 having previous testing histories, 16 were 100 per cent tested, and 13 were partially tested. All but two of the 29 flocks were tested in 1927-28. In the group wliich iiad been tested in 1927-28, two of the partially tested flocks and one of the 100 per cent tested flocks were non-reacting in 1927-28. No history was available on one of the partially tested flocks, but the other had been sold since the previous test and untested birds were added to this flock by the new owner. Like- Vtise no history, which would indicate the reason for the infection in the 100 per cent tested flock in 1928-29, has been obtained. Again, the importance of annual 100 per cent testing is shown. Two of the flocks had previous retesting histories, though neither of them retested long enough to obtain a non-reacting report. One of these flocks had a total of seven reactors left in it from 1927-28 until the 1928-29 test. The other flock was retested by the so-called pen method (llie infected pens only retested), which has not proved successful. The two flocks which were not tested in 1927-28 were only partially tested at an earlier season. One was non-reacting in 1925-26, and no history was obtained regarding what took place in the flock from that season until the 1928-29 test. The second flock having intermittent testing history had infection at the previous test in 1924-25. The classification of seven flocks in the 1 to 5 per cent group was based upon the results of retesting. Four of the seven had over 20 per cent infection on the original test in 1928-29, and three had between 5 and 10 per cent infection. By one retest on these flocks the infection \sas reduced to less than 5 per cent. Six to Ten Per Cent Infection There were 37 flocks that had from 6 to 10 per cent infection. Pre- vious testing records are available on 21 of these flocks, while 16 were tested for the first time. Nine of the 16 were partially tested, and seven were tested 100 per cent. Only one of the 16 originated from known 15 disease-free sources, and the owner of this flock bought hatching eggs from a disease-free source, but made the mistake of having Ihem custom hatched by a hatcheryman who, according to our records, did not have his own flock tested. The remaining 15 owners either purchased their stock from known infected sources, or imknown sources, or a combination of infected and non-infected sources. Two flocks included in this group are of particular interest. One poultryman had both White Rocks and Barred Rocks. The White Rocks were purchased from known disease-free sources in Mass- achusetts and were non-reacting to the agglutination test. The Barred Rocks were purciiased from a well-known Barred Rock breeder in another state. One of the authors has had opportunity to examine chicks and test several groups of Barred Rocks from this same source, and in every instance infection has been found. The second flock belongs to a poul- tryman who purchased Barred Rocks from known, disease-free sources in Massachusetts, and Rhode Island Reds both from known infected and from unknown sources. The Barred Rocks were without infection, while the Rhode Island Reds had several reactors reported among them. Of the 21 flocks with previous testing histories, 11 were 100 per cent tested, and 10 less than 100 per cent tested. All but three of the 21 flocks had been tested for two or more consecutive years. Only one of the entire group had been previously reported as non-reacting. The probable cause of infection in this flock was the change of breeds. White Leghorns were introduced, and there was 33 per cent infection in the White Leg- horns, while the Barred Rocks, which had previously been non-reacting, had 2.21 per cent infection. None of the 21 flocks had retesting histories until 1928-29. In three of the group having 12.99, 14.66, and 23.42 per cent infection, respectively, on the first test, this was reduced to less than 10 per cent on the second test. None of the three had more than one retest. Summarizing the discussion on the 6 to 10 per cent infection group, the histories of the flocks in this group are not different from those in the groups above 10 per cent. The majority of the flocks came from infected sources, or have not been following an intensive retesting program. As has been mentioned previously, it is almost impossible to eliminate the disease by a single test in a year. Eleven to Fifteen Per Cent Infection Tliere were 19 flocks that had from 11 to 15 per cent infection. Twelve of these flocks were tested for the first time in the 1928-29 season, while seven had earlier testing histories. All but one of the 12 originated either from known infected sources, from unknown sources, or from a combin- ation of known infected and non-reacting sources. The owner of the one flock which originated from two non-reacting sources, has furnished no history indicating whether or not infection was on the premises when the stock from non-reacting sources was added. Of the seven flocks with previous testing histories, three were 100 per cent tested, and two of the three have been tested consecutively for two or more years; while five were only partially tested. None of these flocks had been retested previous to 1928-29, and all but one, that had been tested consecutively, had infection at the last previous test. One flock which was negative in 1927-28, but infected in 1928-29, had added birds 16 of another breed from untested sources after the negative test. Since these additions Mere not tested, it was impossible to determine whether or not they were the cause of the flock becoming re-infected. One flock, tested and negative in 1926-27, had infection in 1928-29. This again sliows the importance of annual 100 per cent testing. Over Fifteen Per Cent Infection The problems presented bj' the flocks having above 15 per cent infec- tion are similar, and will be discussed under one head and not as class- ified in Table V. Of the 40 flocks having over 15 per cent infection, 25 were tested for the first time during the 1928-29 season. In a study of these flocks tested for the first time, it was revealed that none originated entirely from dis- ease-free sources. One flock having 33.89 per cent infection was used in 1927-28 as a source of eggs for a hatchery which supplied stock to two other flock owners in this group. One of the flocks originating from this hatchery had 44.53 per cent, and the other 17.87 per cent infection. Seven of the 25 flock owners purchased at least part of their original stock from states other than Massachusetts. Several of these out-of- state sources, are known to have infected flocks, because every lot of their chicks sent to this laboratory has been diagnosed as having pullorum disease. Nine flock owners, in addition to the seven mentioned, purchased at least part of the original stock from known infected sources in Mass- achusetts. The remainder of the flocks came from sources within the State, the histories of which are unknown. Most of these 25 flock owners made a very common mistake. They purchased stock from several sources, paying little attention to the status as regards pullorum disease. Many of them bought part of the stock from tested sources known to be infected, part from untested sources, and part from tested and non-reacting sources. The result of such a procedure is always the same: the status of the flock as far as pullorum disease is concerned becomes the status of the poorest stock purchased. In other words, if infected stock is purchased and raised with disease-free stock, the latter will very likely become infected. Poultrymen must learn that the only safe source of stock, from the standpoint of freedom from pull- orum disease, is flocks known to be free of the disease, as determined by 100 per cent annual testing. Fifteen of the 40 flocks having over 15 per cent infection have been tested at some previous time. With four exceptions, these flocks have never been without infection. One flock of 47 birds was non-reacting in 1927-28 and had 28.13 per cent infection in 64 birds in 1928-29. No visit has been made to this farm and no definite information as to the cause of the break has been found. Another of this group has not been tested since 1925-26 when 260 birds were tested and found non-reacting. In 1928-29, 324 birds were tested and 17.28 per cent infection found. No definite cause for the in- fection has been determined, but here is a striking example of what may happen when every bird on the premises is not tested annually. If this flock OM'ner had followed a program of annual total flock testing, a small percentage of infection might have been determined at an earlier date, and removed before so much damage had been done. 17 The third flock which was previously non-reacting was never 100 per cent tested until 1928-29. In 1926-27, 151 birds out of the flock of 600 were tested and no reactors were detected. In 1927-28, 470 birds out of 600 were tested and 1.91 per cent infection was reported. In 1928-29 the entire flock of 636 was tested and 18.08 per cent infection found. No retest was made, since the owner decided to buy replacements from pull- orum disease-free sources, and to sell his original stock. It is extremely difficult to explain breaks such as the first of the three just described, but one must always keep in mind that the disease is of an infectious nature, and like all such diseases, is easily transmitted by mechanical means, (birds, dogs, cats, etc.). Breaks like the last two are easier to explain. Lack of annual 100 per cent testing is one of the inost plausible explanations. The third flock presents another problem. The owner reported that for the last two years an avian mixed infection bacterin has been used to immunize the birds against chicken pox and winter colds. It is possible that this product contained either a culture of the germ causing fowl typhoid, or the one causing puUorum disease. In either case one would expect to find reactors in the flock. This flock owner has been asked to send some of the avian bacterin to the laboratory for examination, but as yet has not done so. The fourth flock was non-reacting in 1927-28, but infected in 1928-29. The c;uise of this break was easily traced to some new stock of another breed added as hatching eggs, and hatched in the same incubator as his original stock. This is another example of thoughtlessness on the part of the poultryman. No doubt this poultryman has learned his lesson, and next time will make a careful investigation of the record of the flock from which he desires to purchase hatching eggs. Of the remaining 11 flocks, two were tested for the last time in 1926-27; one in 1925-26; one in 1919-20; one in 1916-17; and six have been tested for at least two consecutive years. None of the. 11 flocks has ever been non-reacting, and no retesting within the season has been done; therefore, is is not surprising that no better results have been obtained. Two of these flocks are of especial interest because in the spring of 1928, new stock was added from the same hatchery from which three infected flocks, mentioned in the discussion of the 25 flocks tested for the first time, came. Thus, five of the 40 flock owners having over 15 per cent infection in their flocks bought the disease from one hatchery. This hatchery is making every effort this year to furnish its customers with stock from tested and non-reacting sources. Like other hatcheries operat- ing in Massachusetts, it has found that pullorum disease-free chicks alone f>re sought by the best poultrymen of this State. In the 51-60 per cent class is the flock of a young man who purchased his entire stock, only nine birds, five of which reacted, from another state. How much better off he would have been had he purchased his little flock from his father who has the same breed and a flock disease-free for the past three years. Besides losing a large percentage of his birds, he in- troduced infection near where his father's stock is kept, which may be- come a source of transmission of the disease to his father's stock. The one flock included in the group having over 60 per cent infection originated from untested sources and 84.43 per cent were reactors. The owner was advised to sell the 122 birds in the flock, and to buy replace- ments from known tested and non-reacting sources. IS Classification of Fowl Tested A suinniary of the various fowl tested in 1928-29 is given in Table VI. To obtain information on the susceptibility of fowl other than chickens to pullorum disease, free service on such fowl was given during the past season. The 264 fowl, including ducks, geese, guinea fowl, jungle fowl, pheasants, and turkeys were from 20 flocks, nine of which had reactors among the chickens. The only reactors were three among the turkeys, two of which came from a farm where 9.17 per cent reactors were found among the chickens, and the third from a farm where 16.39 per cent infection existed among the chickens. Table VT. Classification of Fowl Tested in 1928- 29 Total Number Perrenlage Fowl Sex Tested Reactors of Reactors Females 232.723 10,467 4.50 Chickens Males 21,515 34S 1.62 Females '67 0 0.00 Ducks Males 5 0 0.00 Geese Females 31 0 0.00 Females 12 0 0.00 Guinea fowl Males 1 0 0.00 Females 3 0 0.00 Jungle fowl Males (i 0 0.00 F'emales 10 0 0.00 Pheasants Males 16 0 0.00 Females 118 3 S.54 Turkeys Males 5 0 0.00 Totals 254,512 10.818 4.25 The three reacting turkeys were purchased and have been kept under observation. They are bled once a week and agglutination tests made. Later they will be killed and autopsies performed in an attempt to isolate (S. pullorum. More information on this problem, the susceptibility of fowl other than chickens, will be gathered during the 1929-30 season and it is hoped that poultrymen will cooperate as well as they did during the past season. We wish at this time to express our appreciation to those who did co- operate during the 1928-29 season. Comparing similar results of the 1927-28 season with those of the 1928-29 season, the average infection among female chickens was 6.8 per cent in 1927-28 as compared to 4.5 per cent in 1928-29. Among the 19 male chickens there was an average infection of 3.06 per cent in 1927-28, as compared to 1.62 per cent in 1928-29. It is interesting to note that each year the percentage of infection among females was slightly more than double that among males. Progress in Eradication of Pullorum Disease in Massachusetts In previous rei^orts, control instead of eradication has been stressed. This year, for the first time, eradication in preference to control is em- l?hasized. Enough progress has now been made so that all future work should be done with eradication in view. Annual testing of the entire flock; retesting infected flocks within the season, until a non-reacting report is obtained; an increasing number of poultrymen buying new stock from non-reacting 100 per cent tested flocks; and a continued yearly increase in number of birds tested, with a constant increase in the per- centage of poultry population in non-reacting flocks, all point to progres.^ in eradication. That eradication is possible is evidenced by the results obtained during the past season, as compared with the previous seasons. Tables VII, VIII, and IX, and Figures 3 and 4, are included as indications of progress. Table VII compares the 1927-28 results with those of 1928-29, using as a basis for comparison the 1925 poultry population. Figure 3 depicts these data for 1928-29 by counties, showing a comparison of percentage of poultry population tested, with the percentage of poultry population in non-reacting flocks. Every county in the State except one had an increase in number of birds tested and correspondingly in the percentage of poultry population tested. Even more significant is the fact that every county increased the percentage of poultry population in non-reacting flocks. With the ex- ception of two counties, the average percentage of infection was lowered. Norfolk County probably made the most outstanding progress, since 11,005 more birds were tested in 1928-29 than in 1927-28, and the average percentage of infection dropped from 11.01 to 2.84 per cent. Norfolk County ranks first in percentage of poultry population tested, and also in percentage of poultry' population in non-reacting flocks. Barnstable County, though having less birds tested in 1928-29 than in 1927-28 made a remarkable gain in percentage of poultry population in non-reacting flocks, as well as reducing the average amount of infection. Berkshire County showed marked imijrovenient also, though the fluctua- tion is partly due to one large flock being tested for the first time in two years. The reduction in average infection is even greater than tliat of Norfolk, but probably less significant because of the fact that it is due to the one large flock being tested and having less than one per cent infection on the first test, and non-reacting on retest. Essex County deserves special mention because of the increase in num- ber of birds tested in 1928-29 over the number tested the previous season. This increase was 14,902 birds, making the percentage of poultry popula- tion tested increase by 8.16 per cent. There were nearly six times as many birds in non-reacting flocks in the County in 1928-29 as in 1927-28. The progress made in eradication of pullorum disease in Massachusetts for the past six years is summarized in Table VIII, and Figure 4. These indicate the progress in eradication based on the 1925 Poultry Census. 20 *.4 veragc Infection Per cent e~ 0 f- 00 -* 0 Co 00 0 C5 ~* 9: c te 0cCi?^>-^O0^»fiQC^^ OO^J^ 00 2 4.37 19.80 5.18 0 6.57 6.29 5.61 6.66 0 11.01 6.48 0 7.39 to Per cent of Population in Non-reacting Flocks 01 00 01 10 Oi ^^ ^ 'O ^ CO ^^ •^ <^ *-- ^ <«" to 06 ~!}- '^j <» Co CO ~^ It; 00 ^ &3 --^'S^V-^&jlSO -^00' ~!f- 00 CO Number Birds Tested in Non-reacting Flocks 0 IM "orocot^roocoioooocoo t^ T-l .-H C_ Tf CO (N 0_ -H r- rH to ,j<" CC <0 '^ CO " 00" (N (N 03 ,-1 r-. 1-1 ea (N (N .-I PC 0 S OS 01 00 CM •*tDe0'^0305CO00>COC0aiOC:> ooor~oo.-icoTj<(Nco TjiT-i 05 0 iC' 0: oc tc cc oO_ 0 CO iq CO (N tC i-o -." >c; >o" CC fo" 0 CD 0" c' CO (N -H >.»■ CO 'O CO in oc (N 0 COTtiiCOt^iC-i-COOlOOOCOOt^ T}< 0-. CM ^ ,- OC' t^ — 1 CO CO -H Tj^cocc t^c^joocMO too 0 t^ CO o^cc^t^ ._ CD CO 03" r-" of co" --H n^ oT cm" oi 0" 0" -hCM — i-lrtCO -^CM CO ac 0 pi 1 c 3 Barnstable Rerkshire Bristol Dukes Essex Franklin Hampden Hampshire Middlesex Nantucket Norfolk Plymouth Suffolk Worcester C 0 u I •0 e 1 " ce "a w 0 E- 2J Figure 3. Comparison of Percentage of Poultry Population Tested with the Percentage of Population in Non-reacting Flocks. MA vSvS/3 C/iU>5ETT^ BAf^N3TA3Lf: CO. 3/?l3TQL CO. r/fAA/KUA/ CO. /YAMFD^A/ CO. NAMF^HIffL CO. MIDDLL-5LX CO. JVOFrOLK CO. PLYMOUTH CO. W0RCC3TfJf CO. ^: \/='£R CENT or f>OULrf?Y POPULA- T/O/V //V A/OV-PEACTyNG- FLOCKS. P£/f CENT or POULTRY P04=UI.ATI0f^ TESTED. 22 CR (N * -J. * (N « 30 5^ I--: O *f CO ^ S 00 ■* CI '-1 ^ T)< "i PO n ;^ IM 05 f»3 '-I — 50 00 ;5 '^ ^ § ? Ill S „^^^g3ig^^- t~ 5:!:Sg^,-is- 05 ^ ^ ., ^ ^ .; ^- J, ^ to 03 --S"5'--g?4- ^ j:^ 2 .^ § 2 ^ Tt^ - " § " i ^ -■ ?? - IN Soo^o=2^i?^§ 00 -"I5"S^::5^ -a: o "?=, ~ a j^ s: -o o x. "(o 5^ (/, -— k t^ s as S 2 S X "s- - >C1 V- -^ >o ■^ 11 S 7^) OJ ^ « OJ :3 ^ V o ? "^ ,| S K 5 '-5 1 5 S V m -S, ^ -o. 1 ^£ ^« ^ oj c o ^ o ^ o ^ c oj to o c o 53 c3 *^ *-* -2 d -2 OJ rn s; '-^ 2 o o ° 0 t .1: t HZ tL, r- a, m f^ 28 A yearly increase in the number of flocks tested over the six-year period is noted. With the exception of 1926-27, there has been a yearly increase of non-reacting flocks from 1923-24 to the 1928-29 season. There were 145 flocks tested for the first time in 1928-29; 33 flocks, tested previous to 1927-28, were again tested during the past season, making 178 flocks which were not tested in 1927-28. Of the 321 flocks tested in 1927-28, 235 were again tested in 1928-29, leaving 86 flocks tested last season, which were not tested in 1928-29. Of these 86 flocks, 33 were without infection, of which 14 were 100 per cent tested. Of the 105 non-reacting flocks in 1927-28 which were tested again in 1928-29, 71 were 100 per cent tested during the previous season. Seven, or 9.86 per cent of these, were infected at the 1928-29 test. Four of the seven had less than 1 per cent infection, one had from 1 to 5 per cent, and two above 15 per cent. The cause of the breaks in four of these flocks was determined, and in each case could have been prevented by proper management. In the other three, no history explaining the breaks has been obtained. In the 34 flocks which were on the partial testing list in 1927-28 and tested again in 1928-29, eight, or 23.52 per cent, were infected. Two of the flocks had less than 1 per cent, two from 1 to 5 per cent, two from 6 to 10 per cent, and two from 11 to 15 per cent infection. Thus a total of 15 flocks which were non-reacting at the end of the 1927-28 season, were reacting in the 1928-29 season. In nine of these flocks infection was introduced by means which has been definite!}^ traced. Five of the six remaining flocks had less than 5 per cent infection. As long as poultrymen continue to disregard average disease jirevention methods, and as long as there are infected flocks in the immediate neigh- borhood of disease-free flocks, breaks are to be expected. Therefore, the 15 flocks recorded above as having had no infection in 1927-28, but be- coming infected before the 1928-29 season, are not indications of lack of progress. This is especially true in the case of the flocks which were only partially tested the previous season. The fact that so many more breaks occurred in that group is another reason for annual 100 per cent flock testing. A study of Figure 4 will show that marked progress is being made in eradication of pullorum disease in Massachusetts. There are thirteen times as many birds in non-reacting flocks in the State as there were in 1923-24, while nearly four and a half times as many birds have been tested. There were nearly four times as many birds in non-reacting flocks in 1928-29 as in 1926-27, while only twice as many birds were tested. Likewise there were nearly twice as many birds in non-reacting flocks, and one and one-fourth times as many birds tested as in 1927-28. It will also be noted by comparing the results recorded in Table VIII that the percentage of total tests made in the non-reacting group is nearly double that of 1926-27. A further indication that progress is being made is the increase in num- ber of poultrymen testing their entire flock annually. Only when all poultrymen realize this necessity, will the maximum progress be noted. Table IX summarizes the progress that has been made by annual testing. It will be noted that the average percentage of infection in the flocks tested for the first time is over twice as great as that in the flocks tested for three or more consecutive years, and nearly twice as great as that 24 Figure 4. Progress in Eradication of Pullomm Disease in Massachusetts Based on 1925 Poultry Population. £/VT OFPOULTm POPULATIOAf TE. POPULATION IN STEO AIOM-J?£ ACTING f LOCKS / — — — /'^/P c // / /3.39 9 / / 7 / / / / / S ^6.Z7 / / / / / / / /' / / 6.93 _________ /3.35 v3 ,T> rjQ 29^ t fur Home Consumption: — A mistake which is sometimes made by poultrymen, is the keeping of reactors for home consumption. Such birds are suitable for meat purposes, but for the good of the eradication program, it would be better to sell them to the market. Reactors are killed and often very little attention is paid to the disposal of the ofl"al (feathers, intestines, ovaries, etc.). Many times these waste products are given to hogs, or thrown on the manure pile, or if buried, not deep enough to prevent dogs or other animals digging them up. Such waste products constitute one of the most dangerous sources of transmission of infection, and if carried to the poultry yards are likely to cause infection to spread rapidly among the adult birds. If it is necessary to keep reactors for meat purposes at home, we sug- gest that all offal be burned so as to prevent any possible chance of trans- mission of the disease to the non-reactors. Failure to Clean and Disinfect: — Unless tiie poultry houses arc tliorouglilv cleaned and disinfected following the removal of reactors, there is danger of disease-free birds becoming infected by the germs causing pullorum disease, which may be in the litter and on the dropping boards. This is especially true in flocks where the birds are in the habit of laying eggs on the dropping boards or on the floor, since eggs laid by reactors to the agglutination test may be teeming with the germs causing the infection. This is one of the most common methods of transmission of the disease from adult to adult. At the end of the 1927-28 season, and also at the end of the past test- ing season, a question regarding cleaning and disinfection was included in the questionnaire sent to all poultrymen for whom testing was done. In the replies received, 14 persons in 1927-28 and 34 in 1928-29 who had infection on the premises reported that they did not clean and disinfect following the removal of reactors. It is difficult to clean and disinfect during the winter months, but whenever possible an empty pen should be provided in order that birds may be moved from pen to pen, and thus permit thorough cleaning and disinfection. In the replies from the questionnaires sent to the poultrymen during the i)ast season, 36 different disinfectants were reported. Many of these lire of doubtftil value, and all poultrymen are advised to consult either their 32 local veterinarian or county agent regarding reliable disinfectants. For instance, seven poultrymen reported the use of kerosene in an attempt to disinfect the houses, while four used either transmission oil, or crude oil. These products are probably of value for controlling lice and mites, but not for killing the germ causing pullorum disease. Keeping Reactors for Egij-Laymg Purposes: — For the past two years, poul- trymen have been advised not to keep reactors in quarantine for egg producing jjurposes. However, a few flock owners still continue to follow this practice. The questionnaire sent to all flock owners for whom testing was done during the 1928-29 season yielded the following information on this sub- ject. Of 126 replies received, 23 or 18.25 per cent reported that they had kept at least part of the reactors on the premises. Last season (1927- 28), out of 170 replies to a similar questionnaire, 46 or 27.0-5 per cent reported that they had kept reactors on the premises. Ten of the 2-3 flocks were tested for the first time in 1928-29. Ten of the flocks were tested in 1927-28, while three had been tested previous to 1927-28, but not in that year. Five of the group who kept reactors in the 1927-28 season, also reported keeping them during the 1928-29 season. Fifteen of the 1927-28 group were not tested in 1928-29. Although some improvement is noted the danger of keeping reactors on the premises should still be emphasized. Such birds are a potential source of transmission of infection and may become the cause of heavy losses among the chicks, and a high percentage of infection on next year's report. Feeding Eggs From Unknoivii Sources: — Often it is difficult to determine why a non-reacting flock suddenly becomes a reacting flock. One reason is because infection is introduced to healthy birds through feeding infer- tile eggs from diseased sources. A few examples are on record of poul- trymen feeding eggs from unknown sources to adult birds. These eggs are usually infertile eggs obtained from hatcheries, and in many cases have proven to be the source of Infection in flocks. A good example of a flock becoming infected in this manner occurred during the past season. A poultryman who had a flock of about 2,000 birds had his hens tested early in the 1927-28 season. There was no in- fection in this group of birds. Later he had the pullets tested, and found several reactors. Retesting the hens proved them to be infected, in spite of the fact that they had previously been non-reacting. This man had been feeding uncooked, infertile eggs from a nearby hatchery, which paid little attention to the source of stock from which eggs were obtained. It was proven beyond question that this man's flock was infected by feed- ing these eggs. If infertile eggs are fed at all, they should be obtained from sources known to be non-reacting to the agglutination test, — that is, from flocks that have had no infection reported for at least one year. To insure freedom, it would be well, even then, to boil the eggs for at least thirty minutes before they are fed to the birds. Custom Hatching: — It is a well-known fact that pullorum disease can be spread from diseased chicks to healthy chicks in incubators. Therefore, poultrymen who have non-reacting flocks should not do any custom hatching except for flock owners who have similar flocks. Furthermore, poultrymen should refrain from having hatching eggs incubated by hatch- eries that do custom hatching for other than persons having non-reacting flocks. 33 Buy'uuj Stock from Diaeiued iS'aitrt-e.v:— With the hirge number of non-re- acting sources now available in the State, there is little excuse for poul- trynien buying either from unknown sources or from flocks known to have pullorum disease. Poultrymen should be extremely careful to de- termine the exact status of flocks where intended purchases are to be made, regardless of whether the flocks are located in Massachusetts or elsewhere. Such statements as "State Accredited", "Double Tested", and "Super-tested", should be examined carefully to determine what they mean before taking it for granted that the stock is disease-free. The word "accredited", especially, should be looked upon witli skepticism, since it has so many meanings in different parts of the United States. In the eastern section of the country "accredited" usually stands for dis- ease-free, while in many of the mid-western states tlie term "accrectited" may or may not mean tested and non-reacting. When buying replacement stock it would be a good investm.ent to pay a premium for hatching eggs or chicks that are known to come from flocks where no infection has been found for one or more years. Also, it would be well to inquire as to whether the entire flock, or only part of the flock from which intended purchases are to be made, has been tested. Best results can only be assured by buying from sources that have had no infection, or that have had the infection reduced to 0.00 per cent b}' an intensive retesting program during the season. Many examples of the results of buying from unknown and infected sources are included under other headings in this report. Returning Birds to Flock From Ec/g-Laymg Contests Without Quarantining and Testing: — Birds taken from the premises for any reason should not be re- turned to the flock without first being placed in quarantine, for at least two weeks, and being tested to determine freedom from pullorum disease. This process will not only insure freedom from possible transmission of the disease to a non-reacting flock, but will also help to prevent the spread of many other diseases, since the quarantine period will allow time enough for the birds to show indications of any disease they might have been ex- posed to while away from the farm. This is equally true of all birds which are purcluised, unless they come directly from recently tested and non-reacting flocks. During the past season, one poultryman who had a non-reacting flock, bought a pen of birds which had made a good record at an egg-laying, contest. At our suggestion he placed this pen of birds in quarantine and had them tested. One of the ten birds was a reactor to the agglutination test. This man thought he was buying birds from a disease-free flock because the former owner had told him that they were from tested stock. Later we learned that the stock was tested, but there was approximately 5 per cent in- fection reported. If this pen of birds had been added to the flock without being tested, the one reactor might have caused heavy losses nniong the chicks, and a high percentage of infection on next year's test. The damage that a single reactor may cause in a flock is illustrated by a flock with which the senior author had experience a few years ago. This was as follows: A pen of 12 birds was added to a flock under super- vision of the testing laboratory after the test had been made on the flock. The flock owner did not think it was necessary to have this pen of birds tested because they were progeny from a tested, but not a disease-free flock. In the first five hatches that spring, a 25 to 40 per cent pullorum disease 34 mortality occurred. After this experience, the flock owner reported that he had added the pen to his floclv, and asked that it be tested. Two reactors were detected among the 12 birds. One of the reactors was not layinir, while the other had laid 17 eggs in three weeks previous to the time it was removed from the pen. Salmonella pullorum, the causative organism, was isolated at autopsy from both birds and from 14 of the 17 eggs laid by one of the birds. After removal of these two reactors, cleaning and disinfecting of the pens, no more losses from pullorum dis- ease were experienced, and the chick mortality dropped to less tlian 5 per cent for the remainder of the breeding season. Lack of Attention to Detaih in the Field: — The blood collector is resi)onsible for collecting the blood samples, and seeing that they are properly packed and shipped to the laboratory. To a certain extent he is responsible for the pro]ier numbering of blood vials, checking of the leg band numbers, and proper banding of the birds, but part of this responsibility lies with the poultrymen. The owner of the flock should hold himself responsible for seeing that the assistants he furnishes are capable of putting on leg bands securely and numbering blood vials accurately. Personal investigations in visiting- flocks where the blood collectors were working, have shown that there is a tendency on the part of the poultrymen and their assistants to carry on a conversation during the blood collecting operations. Less trouble would be experienced with duplicate numbers, missing numbers, etc., if more attention were paid to seemingly minor details. It is only by a combination of the maximum efficiency of the laboratory workers and poultrymen that the best results will be obtained. The 1929-30 Testing Plan Very few changes in the 1928-29 testing plan will be made for the coming testing season. The reader is referred to page 14 of Control Bul- letin No. 43, where will be found descriptions of the various forms used in connection with the testing program. One minor change will be made in the method of handling applications. In order that the work may be placed on a better financial basis, and that the present price for testing may be maintained, it has become necessary to change the 30 day payment privilege to a cash payment plan. This necessitates a new application card which will be similar to the one used in 1928-29, with the exception of the statement regarding payment, which will read as follows on the new card: 1 promise to pay for service rendered at the rate of 10 cents lor each bird tested and 1 cent for each leg band furnished immediately upon receipt of bill. It is understood that no report will be sent to me until the hill is paid in full. In order that as much time as possible may be saved in reporting re- actors, bills for testing will be mailed as soon as all the blood samples reach the laboratory, and if the check for the amount of the bill is sent im- mediately very little time will be lost. Another ])lan, which is optional, is to be printed on the back of the new application card, and is as follows: To faci'itate the promjit send'ng of rejiorts and eliminate delay caused by the agreement th;it no rejiorts shall he sent until the bill 35 for services is paid, it is suggesteil tliat a deposit be made at the time of signing- tiiis contract sut!'icient to cover the estimated cost of the contract. In ail cases wiiere sucii deposit is made, a ciieck to cover the balance over the amount of the bill actually rendered will accompany the report. It is hoped that this new plan will not work hardship on the poultrymen and that it will be the means, in time, of actually reducing the cost of testing, because it will do away with losses resulting from non-payment of bills. Every effort will be made by the laboratory to get the reports to the owner as soon as the checks have been received, thus preventing the possibility of reactors being left in the flock because of delay in re- ceiving the report. A satisfactory method for handling telephone reports will be worked out before the next testing season starts. This pre-payment plan necessitates one other change in the forms used. This is in 3 (e) of the "Information Sheet" (page 16" of Control Bulletin No. 43), which will be changed to conform with the new system of payment for services. Cooperation of Poultrymen The cooperation of most of the poultrymen in the past season has been largely responsible for the progress made in the elimination of pullorum disease. The immediate return of application and verification cards, 100 per cent testing of the birds on the farm at each test, prompt removal of re- actors, and the early testing of birds to be retested within the season, have been the channels through which progress has been made, both by increasing the number of birds tested and decreasing the percentage of infection. However, a few poultrymen who did not cooperate caused much in- convenience and unnecessary expense. This refers especially to those who waited until the blood collector reached the farm before they decided to give notification of cancellation. Many times it has cost the depart- ment from five to ten dollars in telephone calls and express charges for return of equipment, because of thoughtlessness on the part of the poul- tryman. With very few exceptions, poultrymen were given ample notice of the time when the blood collector was expected to arrive, and there was little necessity of delay in notifying the department of change in plans. One example which occurred last year will serve as an illustration. A poultryman made plans for testing 3,700 birds. A verification card was sent to him and it was returned stating the number was correct. Flans were made for the blood collector to bleed that many birds. On arrival he found that the poultryman did have 3,700 birds, but only 2,900 were to be bled at that time. This necessitated the blood collector calling the laboratory to have arrangements made for more work. The laboratory in turn had to call five different poultrymen, besides putting in another call for the blood collector, before arrangements could be made for him to complete his week's work. The pails had to be reshipped from the farm to which they were originally sent, to another farm, and, in addition, a letter confirming the telephone call had to be written to the blood collector and sent special delivery to insure its arriving in time for him to make preparation for his new schedule. The total cost to the department, not including the time of the persons involved, was $5.75. In other words, if 36 this poultryman had noted on the returned verification card that he de- sired 2,900 birds instead of 3,700 tested, he would have saved the depart- ment at least $5.75. The time and worry involved in such cases cannot be accurately estimated, but amount to many times the actual cost. Such uncalled for expenses are in the end paid by the poultrymen, and tend to keep the cost of testing from being reduced. The average cost of making new arrangements following cancellations such as recorded above, is from five to ten dollars, without considering the time and worry of the laboratory workers. Such cancellations always involve telephoning to find flocks which can be bled on short notice, and usually several poultrymen have to be called before one job can be found. Often equipment has been sent to the farm, and arrangements have to be made for its return to the laboratory, or shipment to another place. Telephone calls have to be made to the blood collector, and at times new equipment has to be sent from the laboratory. Some complaints have been sent to us by blood collectors regarding poor cooperation by poultrymen. Lack of help, inefficient help, and lack of responsibility on the part of the poultrymen, all hinder progress. On the other hand, if the blood collector does not cooperate sufficiently, we will appreciate an immediate report of such lack of cooperation. If birds bleed profusely, or if they die from hemorrhage following the collection of blood samples, the laboratory should be notified immediately by tele- phone and arrangements will then be made to investigate such cases. As was stated in last year's report, the blood collector is an official agent of the department. His duty is to collect blood samples and not to give advice on diseases of poultry, or on husbandry problems. Poultrymen are urged to visit the testing laboratory to discuss their individual problems. It is only by personal contact with poultrymen that the best service can be given. Complaints and suggestions will be given consideration and questions regarding the testing will be gladly answered. Application cards will be mailed to all persons for whom testing was done during the past season, and an early return of these cards is urged. Service cannot be guaranteed unless cards are received before September 1. Early testing is advised, especially in those flocks where infection is suspected. If such flocks are tested in August or September, there will be ample opportunity to have retests made before the end of the season. Summary During the 1928-29 testing season 304,092 tests were made on 254,512 birds in 413 flocks. There were 228 (55.21 per cent) non-reacting flocks having a total of 153,334 (60.25 per cent) birds tested; 157 of these flocks, totaling 121,277 birds, were 100 jier cent tested, while the remaining 71 flocks were partiallj^ tested. Indications that progress in eradication is being made are supported by an increase of 92 flocks and 63,861 birds tested, and by the fact that there were 90 more non-reacting flocks and 72,505 more birds in such flocks than in 1927-28. The percentage of poultry population in non- reacting flocks has increased from 3.98 per cent in 1927-28 to 7.55 per cent in 1928-29. Publication of this document approved by the Commis.sion on Administration and Finance 4 M-6 '29. No. 5798. V Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 49 OCTOBER, 1929 Seed Inspection This Report, the second in seed control service, is a record of work delegated to the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station during 1929 by the Commissioner of Agriculture who is named in the Act as. Administrative Officer (Acts and Resolves of 1927, Chapter 274). Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 3m. l-'30. No. 7554. SEED INSPECTION Philip H. Smith, in Charge, Oliver W. Kelly, Seed Analyst, Clarice L. Beane, Assistant Seed Analyst. This report contains the results of the inspection of agricultural seeds for the period from October 1, 1928, to October 1, 1929. There were 485 samples col- lected throughout the State. These were analyzed and tested and the results mailed to the retail dealers. In addition to the purity analyses and germination tests made in the laboratory, there were 16 samples of Red Clover, 11 samples of Alfalfa, and 4 samples of Sweet Clover tested for trueness to type and variety, and 93 samples of onion seed tested for the same purpose. These two projects were conducted by the Agronomy Department and Vegetable Gardening Depart- ment, respectively. Their reports will be found later in the bulletin. In addi- tion to the official samples collected by the inspectors, 386 unofficial samples have been tested for purity or germination or both. Explanation of Tables The seeds are classified into three groups: (1) Field crops, (2) forage plants, and (3) vegetable seed. The seeds of each class are arranged alphabetically by their common name. The number which precedes each sample is the laboratory file number and is for identification purposes. In case any question arises regard- ing an analysis or test, it is requested that the sample always be referred to by this number. Under each sample, the name and address of the retailer is given. The wholesaler's name and address appears below that of the retailer in all cases where it could be obtained. The line to the right of the letter "L" gives the information copied from the label; that to the right of "F" is what was found by analysis at the Seed Labora- tory. In the table designated "Occurrence of Weed Seeds in 323 Official Samples Analyzed During the Period from November 1, 1927, to October 1, 1929," the number on the line with the various weed seeds indicates the number of samples of agricultural seeds which contained that weed. Species of weed seeds found in not more than two samples of any one variety of agricultural seeds are grouped together as miscellaneous. SEED INSPECTION T3 -rl c« f^ ffi C/J , C o f^ o a o O rt o P-l K CO a o o .^ hJ (x< I-) bn h-l U< ^ i^ ^ M ^ ^^U Q .S . •■ IS O ■sO 5 Ci Q. .- s O 0 r^ OS ■5 tf) s T-, >. 41 — 1 IS ^ GQ 0 -i-i o ■d c3 1) 0 03 ^ Ph c C u n a W 0 13 o >1! h d b g o X in C 0 "^0 2^ ^ o in 0 CO 3 u c lyj U ^j ^^ _ „ <5 -^ 4w Stx^^i; «(x,fiH «p^^ J! ^ S 1 — .00 U n BQ CQ 0 fL, C j3 _a U CONTROL SERIES No. 49 I II II II II II II II E .2 .o O OO 00 00 Tl< t-H C3 t- 00 00 o; oi I 00 ■* 00 00 C5 C3 I lO 1 -■ OS 00 I CO I 10 I o 00 en o II II II II II II II II I 1=1 O O en Q ui CO <: a: D H D O o < O 2 O H O cu C/3 z <: 0) $ £5 II II o o o «n o o O O O ■:)< O CO Ol C5 00 ij ta ij (K K-; fc h-; p^ iJ fe iJfe ^JUh l-Jfe hHpH iJUl a. O oi o Q o o o o Ul o o o o u o o o PQ CQ ^ « « pq PQ PQ 1S a E aw W ~~^ o o U c S ■g w w S C =3 CB S .2 si s ° ^ p. « S MO •^ .2 ,^ -^^ — ^ W J '^ ^ J! — »3 oa -- i) v a J tc c /, « 2 giypii gQM gfLiPL, gPL,P4 g o u u u So u f c SEED INSPECTION rt o ■# t^ o C5 O O AP^ hJfe Jta Jta Hlfe Ph m _* "3 « ^ o •" .2 o ^ So" X ? « 3 •5 ffl pq W -{g o" ■" 6 O .£ O 00 C <^ P5 P5 ^ pq m 4) M Ut ■ a " ^ 2 ^« I 5 fi S en ^ ,c3 « » ID -^ !: § § m P3 o o C S r? C - - _ - - J.p3^ fetfW Stfrt o p C q q C Id -2 03 « H c 1. d. S " 1 e ^ M ■ 0 ^ W u B ^ g « en "£ - S « '"' C3 C s CS « 1-5 1-5 P^ P^ " 6 be "2 "3 o 'S s-s^ =1 ■".si a ■gw-S P^ § 6 g c s * — Ph o 0 ■ s o ::^a 1SW tju w o 0 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 X CO S.2 O C O o .S5 ss — o c^ ^ — O CQ Oh t« o n O C5 o o 00 OJ 02 Z ^ fn iJ(z< iJIfx, haii< i^(iH h4(^ i-lU, iJlK kJIPc »4(z, 75 Bu O Oi U Q t» b, o *J T3 0 -T ^^ o o j: „- -2 u. -a 3 £ " 2 0) S" O S 0) _9 ^ M ^ a> « ^ eo ^ K Q 1! 3 Wi > M U > oa o O 00 o o 3 TJ EC « c rT — T3 O ^ ft S J a II a 2 « 2 m cffl r U r o -, o O -" O I ^ Ou Oi I— 1 ^ HH Bi SEED INSPECTION .- MM O W 00 r* ^f^ h4 [^ J ta J fa 0:3 SO ^ 0 ^ C K fa -r .15 0; is - g^ g Cti c « a ■« Sao JS fa 2 e t3 1^ c 2 3 « 5. g =0 2 9: <>; e £ o s s 0 2 2 u d o J was 6 6 = O O > ■a -c ^ CD

- 05 en O 00 T3 -^ ■73 t3 03 < T3 03 ^J^ in U] (£4 i-J '>^ J ta -:; N ^ ta hJ (Jh o s .S >> .s 'I -3-0 . - « * ^• E I c 0 c. s £ C S « o Ju gl'E ^K g £ ^ "u JuO "C t3 "O O S » :z .5i « •5 .U 0 J; .£ 2 x. c 2 < < 00 c 6 S I -J c C IX O : "0 O 41 >'2 » £ tS ^ ta £ 18 < CQ K 02 X 0 e ffi <8 ■-_ J2 o c j; c H JS go V A O \ „ o O OJ 0 g tt' 0 o ,S 2 . i c -B 03 P ■ < ^ ^- 8? » S == s SEED INSPECTION — 00 '": r~ -^ I ■* M 35 n 35 CO IC f- 05 o o Q o o o o o o o = c CO o •* «c ^ K ^ ^ ■N m ^ ^ I'* ,-T .» o; 00 C-j r> M OO C-. X 00 o 1.-; o o "O « i> ci C-. 00 ^^i U^ ^JH ,J(Z, ^(^ H^b H^tb H-^FXt >:;[X. H^[I, ^(£, >J(£. <1 -^. N >. «-'. o a d P3 a" >> c G >. ^- >> -r o o ^ 3 o o 3 u ;-■ 3 c CQ « C 3 •3 C o ^ o o U. u i:' t^ Si 1 'H -a 1 0) fa fa 1 ■J fl >. ^, otj ^ u V « 3 ffl K 3 PS « 3 a 03 03 - ~ T3 3 IS « " d 5 H u .= O ^ C ^ E (0 •- t; c s s = » c 3 "2 .S ' 3 f^ r= ~ =0 5 3 Ph V ■ ::: 3 W > b3 ^ c. ig J) . 5 3 fa-tS s a o 2 P3 -5 : o 3. a 3 - o « ^ a U J T; M -^ O « ■ ^ _3 O H 1^ =30 O g. 5 T) :=^ ° S i. o -1^ ■-^ .7} j< O d r - o oj W ^ = 3 "i -^ C & o .'^ ^ 3 -o c a> tfi _3 CO Ph CQ 3 < OQ : o « 0 a S « '3 -5 5 o -S 0 K < u i I .5 02 JB O « "a a '§ u 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 ci o O Q CO < o H D y o o z o H O Id a. z < •O -o is O b? 1 e 1^ CO 1 X 1 1^ 1 CO 1 o o e-i 1 X 1 ^ i " W M ■i a Gerir natic C 00 iO ^ ^ c M L- — *• 1 ^ CO CO ! X « •* c r: 00 oc a c; « t~ t^ ~ (X X — X 1^ r» 05 CT ■0 ir; °^ o o lO O ^ o o o o c 1 afeS o 1 1 c^ 1 ■* 1 c^ lO 1 , CO CO ■ o S N ■" "" IM ?1 CJ l-> ■e ^ O •c ^ »c ^ ^ o o »c ||S5 I 1 1 n 1 1 CO 1 IM 1 1 CO 1 1 c 1 '"' S ? -a 1- o o '-'; c 35 O o O ": 1 g^ -- X - ^ "^ ** 1 c^i t- LC 1 , ;c rH — o o o o •o !C C o lO (N O o o •O C g T3 o c 'O o w X 1-0 X CO O (N t^ o iO »c S £6? o t^ ■■D 00 t (^ CO 00 t; fc 1 t 00 d 1 C5 t-^ o. &H CB a a 35 C5 a-. < z 2: c3 C 0. 5 a . "Z ^ 3 £ 3 ?^ 0 c 1 1 t c d 'c p: c 1^: § "B* E pa 1. d C c o c o a K r^ "^ jt jJ U pi C' '-> "^ — .3 £ O 1 1 "3 u. - - ^ te 5 o o Ji t ■O - -o :ci£ = ffi TS « PC ■B d 6 1« c 5 a: t 1 a: , 3 1« 7 fi ^ > 02 a c jv 1 n "(3 S o £ E o «: = s u K W Jd • "(ft '3 d = -3 V t ci 3 ■i >. c £ « c 41 ■« "is o o o o G Q 4-> « '3 I- 4 c 1- (^ « '3 'E ^ d - CO c3 0 e 'S "(3 2 . '53 3 2 *3 CD a « CC X! X . oi 03 k "5 ^ C c ^ ."E C 5 _-^ b K *T^ u 1^ c 3 .-^ c P. & b o o V u tl ^ ^ «i V V V u a e 4) JS J3 > > > S cS > ji > ^ > > > > O C > H H 0 H X 0 t-^ ^ « m 0 C 0 Cl 0 O X 0 ^ ^ 0 ; !S 0 0 _D D U u O o U U U U ^^ X h- X "7 t- __ ^ I-- — X 1* ?j ~i o a M TO M ?j S — " •"- ^" "" ^^ 1 t^ cs .1 ■^ 2J ^ ~ »r X o •o M ti5 »>: c< ^ w ro N c^ S " SEED INSPECTION 11 I oc. --C .-^ '-•5 O 0-- ■* O « t^ CO •*! CO ►J b tj fe h4 (i, ^ lx< ^J &^ 1-5 fe •r ffl ffl :? K U O - -3 r ^ ^ 0 S - C3 C5 C -a j= 0 2. ^ 2 Oj > » g w K ? S S a 0 1^ 1? 0 ^ ^ fe g g S =a "S > -a W r/l 0 H H odd 0 l-t u u U 6 o U O I-. t- -§3 d d 0 o 3 ^ ja X-' ■2,4 CI °^ u g « JO W W _0 S S o 0 H Q U 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 40 KM ■i c go t. '-S ^ ,S^ £S I M -o ^ T. ro 00 00 S — O C^l ■^ iC — ;2 C^ O a O O OOO Ow 0(N OO 05C 00 CDO M OO t)<«o OC lOt^ Ot^ Z> --C O'C t^ Tj-t^ -< OO OtC — . t- CO M C-. C-. 3-. OC C! C". ' 3; C! C-. ' C: r: C: 00 O U(^ H:lt^ »J(x. Jtii Jtii JtL^ i-ilz*' h4t^ Jte<° J(:u ju -a T3 ■=■ 9.'^- 2 ir « = '^5 £ - ^3 -^ *-- ffl ^2 2J cc •S i r"; j= "O o ■£ 2 t, « " •5 Si O Z 0 u "2 -^ o o Q Q * — > 0 I. ci .S ^s. Jc S - 't: -,^ X 0 i- K ^ y o 6 O n 2 N O *! . 0 = 5 -J 0=3:2 2 SS 2 >-i :Z j= 5 so ' s » * -o ^ S -, -^ "0 X ^ H d.2 2a^ £ a^ 0 PQ ffl O 0 a ^ O 02 C» 0 O CB O ;;, -^ •" = S 1- -a « S -a « u u u 2 c 0 c CO ^ °a I ^ .E Is z I SEED INSPECTION 13 ■"^ n CD rt -HO lo r~ « CO — ' o 7-1 C-l — I IN 'f to rt 1-H o o 00 00 00 (M 00 C5 0> OS o> i< c^ 00 jfe H^ta )J(X( JUh Jfe hJfe iJta i-)(k hJti( ^ 2 „ ^ « •n C8 E CO 0 T-l ;^ c 0 •B , c* a 0 ^ E "0 w T3 X! V ^ 01 1- 3 !S 3 41 7.' u ►—I 0 ^ 0 Ui u U U % "S X m CQ o O c o b 3 41 o o E £ c a o o c S O o 2 ^ ^ s S o -0 CQ ffl ^ « m JS -a < V > 0 o o 0. o o U (J o u o o > o o > ^ pO > • u u u CQ < m ^o 3 S - .5 c a w ed Co kGra iierso 1°^ >«5 T3 ■0 ^ 2=«^ £ eo £ 1 fell •tJ^ V W 0 P H > 0 hJ W > 0 u U U 0) o > O ^ « K i4 O .2 « Q 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 o O a bi Ui IN 00 tn M fl) TO 06 -~D Cft -c c 00 C 00 c-. 00 '-* 0 Tf J> 0 "O rt TJ. 0 t^ 3 © B? 00 06 Tl< 05 05 a- 05 O) O! ■fe fe fc fe - ^ ,fe , fe fe fe fa s ■3 Q ^-• ° Si -^ Si 3 .s -0 0 a 1 C '^ 1 >1 C3 0 tn 3 z C < 2 "a ■| 1 ^1 02 '^ eu u 0 < oi 0 c 1 0 1 E 0 0 c c K c 1 0 s 0 0 5 c c C OS OJ 9) 6 a c s c " 0 1 C 0 "l 1 01 1 C u 41 ii S 0 K 91 M ■'C c 0 i t 1 c 0 c s" 0 0 1 s d d ^ a c c 0 X fa s Is 4-1 0 J 4-1 £ c ^^ a: c C ^ ;- 0 0 m m 0 0 Hi » 5 S 4J 4.i E "a IS (5 *j d d 00 41* * c 41 fQ (33 d d 4) d d U U 4) S ^ 41 1 91 in o3 10 5 s ^ u. 8 0 s 4) 4> B 4J 0 0 4-» •3 T3 1) CJ a: X 4-1 tlj bfl OJ ^ >i >i 1. > 0 0 0 > 0 =8 »3 c i) > 0 s 3 2; > 0 0 4) s < 0 b 4) > b 4> > 0 > > 0 0 b 41 > _0 IX, CM 5! 03 oj 1 U U 0 U 0 u u u U U — 0 0 .- 0 t- c c t-l 0 ^ c* 00 t^ (N -s ° txs CO i< CO 04 SEED INSPECTION 15 Kjfe H^fiH l-lfe 1-Ifo iJh J 'hi, H-!fe ^ f^ H-:ti FJt. SO OiX ^^ "S -3 « o o w 0 ;i< u >> > t, t, > '^ . - C » K U Q ^ > ° ° > ■ o m o cS £ ^ ^ » J2 ^ jo G u- 3 ^' C -S « o . V °° > -a i^ > ° 0 a; t> 0 Ci 0 u ^ o o *; ,- u V . 2 « " u 0 o d- 2 «; T3 tc M « q C X OJ L> C h O '^ C3 i o J U i« * o 1 =3 -0 S ■ ie H == O Q s"! U rO S-ffl ea o o J 0 r-' ? d *; S o CO 1 U5 1 ■o 1 t- 1 t^ 1 CO 1 '^ IN 1 CO 1 "O ' ?; 1 ^ 1 CO IN 1 1 ' s o 00 1 00 O 2 OO ^ 00 o o lo 00 t- C! t^ 1 t^ lO o> to 05 10 O r»l 6 T3 fe a o o "0 o ^ &s 1 iM 1 1 1 1 1 1:^ 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 o o t-l to -•^ '^ o c C5 O N o CO 00 o ir >— 1 O "O O lO o t^ "=^ . (-1 o s§ ,, .^ Z o Lo d C-. CB O C3 N c: 1^ 05 d o' d d C^ ' £ M c 00 Ci O 00 o o o o c c: 00 o O OS o 00 00 fa J fa , b -fe. fa fa fa fa ^fa h 1 «*4 _o ■a a to "S ^ 'S OJ -S (Q -S h <; j:: c 0 ■a ^ a 1 5 0 1 V) H 1 „ 3 1 Z < ■0 c !2 "c ^ Z T3 J «J _o o ■c < "2 Ou U 0 < a: 0 - "3 _ i >1 « S m 0) •Jj E •D 0 X c :3 c is 0 ■0 1 c J2 « 0 X Oi c IS ■« J c c c c d O o ?: T3 4J i ca c J 3 0 <<; c rr, f5 CO 'TJ o o o i< 1 li; 4f 0 u 0 1 o N c o 3 o z ID c s d '« c 6 S o -J .:« i? s n o d d V a: c 3 5 M 3 0 o p o c § d d O Q c c O 0 ui ^ S u f^ e u) Q 0 C e a c c c V o 'J2 o c Q C pq C c k O u ^ . -F Z _' 0. > >. ■? J ^" 1 1 s 15 "0 B, o c d U) d d tt n > > 0) 01 (9 X y 01 A y fa fa ^1 U K i 5 =a ^ 3 (0 0 (0 1. 0 K fa 0 i a 0 a,' 0 a! cc* V 4) OJ V X a! b£ ti "3 ■"■ V 0) OJ 0 o a; 0 m g 4J C > t > 0 4J c ea ^ c c H H 3 u > > O 0 K X 3 u I c o 11 u. 5 Z 3 ffl « 3 u w (2 > r> o o 1 > > o c O 0 ■^ TO 00 o (^ CO o C2 03 C<1 1^ t^ IN 03 00 •2 6 ro TO a CO CO N CO CO CO 1 '-' Z. 1 1 O 1 1 00 1 15 1 ot 03 J< C; Tt< •!< c< •f O ■n ■* ■* i Tf -Jl ■* ■* IN c^ •* ■* ■* SEED INSPECTION 17 3 N C-. 00 1 00 O CO 00 t^ 00 00 OO •-< 00 t- 1 >-: o ^ C-. 00 1 00 CD ^ 00 t^ ^ o o 00 C3 r-t J-l O O -H (N hJ ta hJ fe CO (N CD CO CO ' ci C73 C2 on Oi 03 o cr. Oi Cl 5 ° oz 20 2 c O C E 1. K 2 '^ S S -SO CM g £ s -^ 4) 3 C S. c c „ . o o g g o £ £ « o O C K W III W 4J ;3£S^^5:g^^||l 5 Hi 5 5 •j; o o *j K - S H H = W 02 S 5 COO C S C .5 % % .2 £ '53 mQ 0 c =y =a §2^ I S ^ I cc S: Ji S S = « P5 S S o .2 j5 n3 ^^ 2 O i, 0 V . " ,-r 9 — Cj 0; ^ ^ JS ^ cj O O -2 O 2 O --^ M CO C U 3 K ^ (5 b -= o !3 ^ = K 3 o I (3 §37; (5 "^ — - 9 C -a H C ^ 2 5 « < 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 1 -a T3 S g ^ 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 K CO ■~ c S ° 6? in lO •r' M CO N lO 00 o o o 00 c^ tc -- 00 N lO t^ 00 00 00 00 o o O 00 t^ 00 t^ 00 OO 00 t^ X t- o to •c ^ t^ l^ T)< 00 1 i ^ r-i d in o 00 00 t^ o 1 00 1^ 00 r~ ro ■d 00 to 00 t>^ 00 P-l £» O C5 C-. o c: O cs ro C3 o <3; as ro o o o . iri .fe . fe , fe fa fe fa fa a 0 t. rs -a — ^C •t; o 2 ^1 o O 1 M "o 1 o " m H S 2 Z 0. c. CO 2 "3 tc T5 a Id 0 < £ C c o O o ,< C o "i C 6 O c o 2 tc a c O a c 6 3 PQ r o 03 ■X. CI d d d 6 O c ci o 2: o o O 1 "3 •£ o d £ .2 I. 03 ca W M 0) ^^ 2 "a tc 6 d' 1 ffl d 00 M u 4J 0 c 4) O d>^ 01 * a 1 o i o s « CO CO « 3 O « ou u 6 g 4) o o V is S I E " 8 ^" V S V V ■5 -o u r- -C V |3 V 4) o o V 4) . T3 « I-, 6 u o' A c n a C a e5 Qj C II C a C '5 C IS a G P =3 =3 c IS a c a a iS M -1 IS CO . C IS a 6^ IS ^■^ d .t T3 « E "C 18 (B O IS *3 ,jj IS "3 >> IS IS (0 "^ -1 05| "n =3 O -1 -£ "E "^ Lh "1 "S "S •-> C3 a^ 1-1 •^ •1 p: pq c O "c 4J 4-1 -^ C *^ C 4J .t: 4* 4J 4J 4-1 O ._ *j 4-> • a) J) J) ^ ^ J) * 5 _« 3 £ J) 3 JU s s J) J) . t« _« " f _« 0 o TZ H i-^ :;; K X 77; K ^ 72 xri < 73 o 72 e PQ n; ::3 K M t;3 fa Ph ;;; tf fi S s s S s s % 2 S S M ^ l-O •* ■. <8r(-J 0'' & = s <1 s fc •5 2 < S 3 O S O J o z ^^ ■^ s r, 1- 3 J', - ^ » r: .i s s u t; o 5 ^ t^ sq z « d E ^ o :^ s o 1-5 ^ T3 £ JS o a -d w "3 it it rt I — o K ^ 0 11 rO l^t m K m pq 0 > > 0 > 0^ a: oi 20 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 T3 -s ■q ^ .£^ ^ ^ ^ (N ^ — ^ -73 ^ .oj ;?; >:;&:, h:; li. ^ fe I-! u, .^ fa T3 -o o o « C5 .;; - r s a o ^ -5 03 03 C CC' 2 ^ c . 0; 0 O — M 03 c r =s ^ 0) ^ d o K a cr 03 fa cr fa ca u 4. 12 o o u c (9 Q Q o3 fa c fa ^ ^ O 3 T3 O :2 a 0 T3 d c Q. 0 4-1 "0 0^ 4 pi pi < a 0 4-1 ■0 fa fa < a. 0 1-5 ir; a 0 >> 1 0/ u u a 0 4-> -0 t^ u o3 o3 « p; a 0 4J •0 V c o >> D C 1 a 0 44 M -3 1 1 a 0 4-1 "0 41 O fa d a. c « & oi o: Qi tc q: ai 0^ 0^ ^^ -f t^ ^ on r-i o •2 ° CO or. en eg o >o OS 00 OS 00 kJIxi tJ In i-lllH hJt^ ^^ \^ M dn to m «e £ O M - "^ -s o « 0 O OO ^ •z 2" 2 O £0 i: V «3 ^ 4-* (D ^ 4J T) £ ^ T3 i IP -^ *j X "' "^ o U _2 : aa c m 0 . E^ 1 CO . IP 6i C W > >< J? T 35 a«' ►^ ^ ^ tf I "0 IP S c ^ ■£ « ^ o J! gm O m - « fa S * ^7 O g-g s 5 §i S 5 T3 n ^^ 13 ^ to Z -§ ■73 P3 ^ " J2 IP f4 3 . CO 1-^6 3 ^ • 0 rj - Grain C ord Seed (Fancy & Beck Bros. Co C "o K ts' t. -S a-o „ a m M "S ^ tf "2 is b: (2 C8 »n fcS 3 0 rn 0 B 0 C3 o 00 ■* t^ t^ t- T) ■o o o o. o f>* o o ■* lO o S tv , t-: 1 '°- 1 * OJ o Oi t~ 1 "^ , o o ts m '^ '^ o o o o o -f o o 00 o o lO ■* t^ CJ CO 1^ 00 o o o t>. s S S^ ' od 1 .o -h' ,-; ' n-- P-I Ul 00 O) ai o-. 05 Oi 0-. 00 03 05 o o o :^^ »> ^ hJ h I.J [3h hH U< h-: t=H M fe M o M O i-i & a i-j H ^ P ffi s= ■" ^' £ •" T3 ^ ^ "B « « ^. p ^. 0 S c S -^ =3 ■ ic a ■ e c_ _ 4) =a =S .° .« <; Z3 tr. •n a , K < "S W S nJ - "C a • ^ 0 pq < ■? « . a: a • ■ t< 0 fe Q O as tt! (^ 01 CQ CO ~^ ►-! IS ja J3 C Oi en 1-5 W SEED INSPECTION 23 O -H o ^ CS -H ^ o o o o o c o ri o ir> o ,.- ^ o o >o ■n o ,^ ■o lO lO ffi t^ CD o o Cs 'X> 00 XI CO to o — ' o ^ Ci 00 00 ^ c: o: en o Oi CD rr: ,— ^ c o o o o 00 en O". 05 ca Oj o 03 o 0-. T- C-. o> 0-. hj fe |J fe J fe J fe e ta d fe e b J PH J fa e fa ij fa hJ fa ^ m r> . o e o .ts r/! ;-• «a o * if z m PQ is ^ u a 0£ 5g o o ■w S S « :s fa 0 W 02 o o Q Q rdwar ilin & ot 887 ckstoi 3 O >> e Ha Con y (L field ey-E J- D (P X ang W. oth een hitn J ;= >2 0 t! M 0 0^3 c eq m s o 3 E o ^ Emm H H H H - id s 2 a o 0) o >,a ^ ^ f^ p £ d m •2 W r~ . o 0 03 JD E fa ^ 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 ■V -c S g ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I ' 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X .i c GeriTi natio c lO c t^ 01 o •"»! (N f- ^ >o ■* 00 'J' « ^H ^ C^ lO c- » c r- 05 O O CS 1 t^ c 00 c 05 05 O) 05 OS OS 00 ther p Seed % c o o o >-o 2 o o o o o ■* 1 TO N M o 1 1 ^ 1 '^ 1 I 1 "■ r^ 1 '^■ o £ o tl ^ 4» c >n O O "C o m c in o U5 m in |l£5 c^ n 1 in '" ® 1 1 m ■<» N 1 N 1 , ^ 1 t ^ "S -o c u- lO 2 2 lO lO o O lO 00 o •* o |1^ 1 N =: , 1 o 1 •^ o o 1 1 •o o o o O 'O o c >c (M lO O lO o »o o »o a T3 N f en ^ CC •o t^ •o (D lO to t^ to t- o ■«- '-I CO 3 (U Sn c- C3 00 00 d o5 CS C5 1 d s s c oi OS OS 00 00 OS 05 Pi M c 05 c C5 o o O 03 Ol o c 05 05 05 OS OS 05 OS ,fe fe ta ta fe fa fa ^fa ,fa • fe "3 0 t. •c •a ^ X t- £ _3 •w — T3 O C ?S O 1 c »- 1 =3 O (/) 2 S H - < Z < c 0 Z Z "a C3 C T3" g U Oi 0 2 o o >^ Z o" to 3 « d O 5 c 2 Ph .2 a "3 3 d "ce 3 c _d "cs te 3 PQ c a b o o O V s u >< Z a o Z c u. o b. OS '■f ■d d O o C 4.) 0 C 2 03 C 0 2 c in in N in 4J 0 ^ i £ o Z d Q eg 1 1 £ n O z o O d O '5 o 4J 0 _o "3 to 3 d O ■a a 1 1 d d o d P5 p; c c o o 5 o T 3 ►J O O d pa d O •B >> s in 3 5 6o u (5 5 Lm rt b c u 0) ■rf d d K S .S en c Qj X ^ X >> X z 1 j: u c X s OJ X ^ c X K (S -S — >> O S 0 a ."t^ 4J 0 o J 0 4J 0 4J 0 1 IS 0 :: •3 4J 0 « c c3 0 c c 4J 0 SJ 37 0 P5 M E £ $ E K < E E^< E fe ^ E 1-5 ^ E fa X E r,-* r^ E >^ H^' E H H h P H H H H H H o 00 "* o 'C -*< t^ o t>. >o >o TO c^ N o ■-1 'j^ •r' OS lO 1 J b >-J bn ►Jta iJtti hJta k-!fc. iJ ta hJ ta 0 £ _o Ed a^. c t, o a m 2 PQ >i a) iJ « O _ T3 e H "S d S bo 0 ai ^ Ji :=. it Ji ^ 0 B a J ^ .2 J Eq^ o . 3 0 E^^ e - r.-'S J S M "S *i is W 5 o §W -*^ c ■ ■ w CO B O 02 *j K ^ 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 <^2 o ;s^ O CO 00 t^ 13 fe^ oo;d >nco T3 C.J3 S =^ SB g^ 03 a) o ^ t- 00 1^ CO to i~- 0) 3 '^Is o r^Ci c ^ O ^ QJ S 0) a t^ -X) (N (N O „ ^ J a u aj3 o oj:: P -t tcO 03 INSPECTION. 37 ■ ^ ao i-t c-. --c ci • lO TO (N Tf (N " -Tj c3 S caO ^ o ^ o S o^ a-^ a «|h4 o 28 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 3 ^ 1^ i ; ; i ; : ; ; ^^ ■cw«^ai ::::;: g? ^„^iS : : : :, : o« oQ^.x ■ ■ ■ > . do O .'-'5 ■ „ • g^ ■ oO w-^feO -;§ ■ CO 10 05 to CO —1 c O OJ PQ 6— & — T3— as u-^ J o j; o *i -t^ -^ TJ o^ n-X! c'« £^ ■ ■mot^OM • • 00 «; t- o 00 >;::::::: 'z ]:]■.:: : _2 ■••••■ ■ ■^ to • : : : : : : 3 : : PQ •;;:;; ; d !!■•■• i 0) 3 t- . ■ ■ ■ ■ -^■S5 i? • • ■ ■ '■'-' C ? 03 SEED INSPECTION 29 ooo O 03 o-*o>oo •* t^ 00 CI lO M Mo3 « ^ Lh W. 3 M 3 .^-^ s;< « o fl £^ o fe a 0-5 3 ■5 -^ O ° C -. - J^ 3 O OJ [i, o tH ^ « CO; 0) — sSt^O "OiOCOOOOOCO •-0 to IN CO ■* II M <^-- S;=£ o 3 ^ O fe 03 0) e 03 '-' s|i-ia a/ 3 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 O o f-. :^ ^^ -n^ eZ 33 00 CO O Tf CO -^03-* COCO ■O Ot! o ^.2 >> Ss S= ° o s a o3 i- -gm - C a o>> r-j m c3 t, OC^ OS 00 CD OtOO-*CO fe CO Tjl O "O « Tfl CO lO IN X ■* g 6 « .2 q'S si"? Ot)i so K.-Z SEED INSPEGTION 31 • (Noocom"-! CO • CO CO lO Tj< OD 05 •coooot^eq • CO •* lO 00 00 CO CO Is ;'0^ a ito 5f5^«^ ^.5 §"21 OJ Q »3 m S .a o c3 aj - a; O f- -a > a "I I i a P cd 1 C frt t- ■?; J? o C<5 "OiOioO in IN lO Ol ■<}< i-H -^ (N -H C <^ brrj M-3T3 S Ct3 S .-■^ swortoWrtH .ii o S »3 ■ • ui 00 -"ti h- CO • ■ coco a ■ o S .sS ::::;: : « c £:::;; : I-] o s . . . . • • t^o.2 ■ • K I • • feas! ■ ■ s S : : " . ' >,™ ■ > c ^'-'■S^iS >, ■ ° Oh cM S a'£7,2 ■odo5t^a> ■eoeod© §» ^>°c •is g Oor&faS^ o o mm O |o -Sc tfffi ■3° SEED INSPECTION 33 • to » O 1^ O to i-i ■ lO 00 !D 00 lO -H IN r» O IN CO •* t^ d CC CD 00 1^ -H i-i 03 - - .2® i; ^ ^ ca « S r^' rttf o S3 3 -i "a! . 1« .0' S 10 N lO c': o CO ococO'^03'* 3^ 3-0 o a> *3 i-.S cu 5 O *i oj ^*- 13" "So . .- *j . .-a S § 9 M O ?^ P K »=« P5 N ■*< -H 1^ O 00 lO 00 t^ 02 02 00 .2 « j;> • o CO OS o 00 •odro wO"-i — 02 -^ ■ • 3^ s- Q=a -a ■ • s*^ ?; daiiJta lis ■ " ■ 's " p t> a 03 * s o o5 " M ■ ■ 2 ' t-^i-J >^ Qj S ! ; &D ! S g d'^^Q ^ ■ •O GO -^ o >c lO lO '.O 05 C<5 !S & M O O'^ l-3i-!f^ 4) O ° S *^ O " Sffl 53 §H^^Wrt :S ■St;(i;a HP c.Ot^-- "CM > o > 3 c (p , >) o -5 SEED INSPECTION 37 O CO n 05 00 03 • O Tt* O -^ t>- »0 CD • O CD C5 CO O) (m' •O-^OOCD-^CJCD ■05 >OC<5 loom ■ 03 o lo "-I in "c c> !fe • O 13 c ISC' ^ O o o te^O" ..M .W ^^ ^ "^ QJ — -ii "-"rt as aa ■G O OJ. 6 6^ >, o >, s « Cj » O ■" ■" o s'i^ Ma)0 ■ "1 cj-o P. 1— < CD ?C O: -H CO -— PO i« (N t^(N OlO g to rO I 3 S ^ 3 f^'«^:s a gig-Sis' S^SjmS f' o3 «5 W'^ 01)— ^rO a^ 5 " CO M 00 LC O lO I^ C '^ M C^ C^ 50 _ -C -c -=' c^ t« "o HO Kin 'X ^ CO t^ 1-1 odod-* 30 !T3j=J= o a. -mm; ^Z SEED INSPECTION 39 ^M mm ^ IC >0 05 000^^ S OJ > m^ O-OtB 03 b m Il:sm|; r r a-3^ o oOJ 3 c > >K I— (N lO O — I :C t~ 01 05 O sis ztm M 1 Qj'r u. -J o ;; «J * o tiis G * S is P"^ '- ji 3 1; (u « 2; -s ■ r- CO c^ CO •-< "-I M £ " S C e £ SS 2^ >>S " 3 O o -■ -w oii;-*^ - 3 _ =9 2 : SO So ^ 2 ■ (M O CO to t^ -H ■O CO 00 CO CD ■ >-H C^I C<1 --H --I 20 O 3 _ 3 b ^ g is ct? >> o d-a o5(if |0_ •a c 40 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No. Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Address of Wholesaler Duration j of Test (Days) Germi- nation 370-319 347-299 34.5-297 237-200 236-199 20C-166 172-139 171-138 472-417 107-79 476-421 1 419-367 418-366 378-327 377-326 VEGETABLES Beans (Golden Wax) Balch Bros., Southwick (L. Thos. W. Emerson, Boston, Mass. (F. Beans (Improved Golden Wax) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow (L. Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. (F. Beans (Pencil Pod Black Wax) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow (L. Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. (F. Beans (Pea) Hanscom Hardware Co., Haverhill (L. (F. Beans (Horticultural Pole Beans) C. F. Glennon, Dalton (L. S. D. Woodruff & Sons, Orange, Conn. (F. Beans (Long Yellow Six Weeks) C. F. Glennon, Dalton (L. S. D. Woodruff & Sons, Orange, Conn. (F. Beans (Pencil Pod Black Wax) Chicopee Hardware & Pamt Co., Chicopee (L. S. D. Woodruff & Sons, Orange, Conn. (F. Beans (Horticultural Pole) J. Russell Hardware Co., Inc., Holyoke (L. Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. (F. Beans (Kentucky Wonder Vellow) J. Russell Hardware Co., Inc., Holyoke (L. Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. (F. Beet (Extra Early Egyptian Blood Turnip) Frank R. Boyd, Est., Southampton (L. Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y. (F. Beet (Early Wonder) Grange Grocery Store, Amherst (L.| Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. (F.i Beet (Detroit Dark Red) I H. P. Chamberlain, Orange (L.j Budd D. Hawkins, Reading, Vt. (F.[ Beet (Detroit Dark Red) i Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston (L.j Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. (F.i Beet (Crosby's Egyptian Connecticut Strain) ] Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston (L.i Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Cabbage (Early Jersey Wakefielcs) Frank R. Boyd, Est., Southampton (L. Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y. (F. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston (L. Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Cabbage (Copenhagen) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston (L. Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head) R. &. J. Farquhar Co., Boston (L. R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Cabbage (Copenhagen) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston (L. R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. (F. 10 97 99 99 78 91 93 99 40 78 95 95 90 75 92 85 90 83 5 90 SEED INSPECTION 41 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Address of Wholesaler Duration of Test (Days) Germi- nation Date of Test VEGETABLES— Continued Cabbage (Early Jersey Wakefield) S. S. Kresge, Springfield American Seed Co., Detroit, Mich. Cabbage (Copenhagen Market) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory «& Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Cabbage (Golden Acre) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Cabbage (Copenhagen Market) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Cabbage (Danish Ball) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. Cabbage (Copenhagen) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head No. 1) J. Russell Hardware Co., Inc., Holyoke Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head No. 2) J. Russell Hardware Co., Inc., Holyoke Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Cabbage (Late Flat Dutch) Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head) Ross Bros. Co., Worcester Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. Cabbage (Copenhagen) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Tlios. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Cabbage (Danish Ball Head) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Carrot (Danvers Half Long Orange) J. W. Ferry, Lee Budd D. Hawkins, Reading, Vt. Carrot (Danvers Half Long Stump Rooted) Grange Grocery Store, Amherst Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn.. Carrot (Chantenay) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Carrot (Danvers Half Long) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Carrot (Hutchinson) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. 5 (L. (F. 5 (L. (F. 5 (L. (F. 5 (L. (F. 5 (L. (F. 5 (L. (F. 14 (L. (F. 14 (L. (F. 14 (L. (F. 14 (L. (F. 14 70 63 87 78 73 85 97 87 53 91 l-'29 83 6-'29 95 l-'29 85 6-'29 90 l-'29 83 6-'29 '29 6-'29 6-'29 l-'29 6-'29 l-'29 6-'29 l-'29 6-'29 6-'29 6-'29 B-'29 6-'29 7-'29 6-'29 92 9-'28 61 7-'29 90 9-'28 71 7-'29 92 9-'28 55 7-'29 42 CONTROL SERIES NO. 49 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No. Kind of Seea, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Address of Wholesaler Duration of Test (Days) Germi- nation % 381-330 380-329 379-328 332-285 325-278 324-277 293-249 292-248 291-247 267-228 191-157 181-148 179-146 185-152 144-114 111-83 110-82 471-416 425-373 VEGETABLES— Continued Carrot (Danvers Half Long) R. & J. Farquliar Co., Boston .• (L. R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, IMass. (F. Carrot (Chantenay) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston (L. R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Carrot (California Grown Hutchinson) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston (L. R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Carrot (Chantenay) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead (L. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mas.s. (F. Carrot (Hutchinson) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead (L. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. (F. Carrot (Danvers) J. .1. H Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead (L. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. . (F. Carrot (Danvers Half Long) Perry Seed Co., Boston (L. Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Carrot (Hutchinson) Perry Seed Co., Boston (L. Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Carrot (Chantenay) Perry Seed Co., Boston (L. Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Carrot (Hutchinson) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell (L. Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. (F. Carrot (Danvers Half Long) Geo. IMethe Co., Inc., Springfield (L. Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. (F. Carrot (Danvers Half Long Stunrip Rooted) J. Russell Hardware Co., Holyoke (L. Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. (F. Carrot (Oxheart) F. W. Woolworth, Greenfield (L. Northrup, King & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. (F. Carrot (Improved Long Orange) Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke (L. Thos. W. Emerson Co., Bo,ston, Mass. (F. Carrot (Chantenay) Ross Bros. Co., Worcester (L. Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. (F. Carrot (Danvers Half Long) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston (L. Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Carrot (Hutchinson Connecticut Grown) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston (L. Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. (F. Celery (Golden Self Blanching) Geo. Methe Co., Inc., Springfield (L. Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. (F. Celery (Boston Market) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston (L. Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. (F. 14 14 14 68 71 7- '29 52 80 86 61 81 64 83 64 76 62 75 48 63 68 61 98 57 SEED INSPECTION 43 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No. Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Address of Wholesaler Duration of Test (Days) Germi- nation % Date of Test 424-372 423-371 384-333 383-332 382-331 336-289 335-288 296-252 295-251 294-250 113-85 112-84 485-430 460-405 426-374 350-302 298-254 VEGETABLES— Continued Celery (Golden Self Blanching) Boston Boston, Mass. Boston Boston, Mass. Boston Boston, Mass. Boston' , Boston, Mass. Thos. W. Emerson Co., Thos. W. Emerson Co., Celery (Giant Pascal) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Thos. W. Emerson Co., Celery (Easy Blanching) R. & J. Farquhar Co., R. & J. Farquhar Co., Celery (Giant Pascal) R. & .J. Farquhar Co., R. & J. Farquhar Co. Celery (Paris Golden Blanching) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. Celery (Easy Blanching) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead .1. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Celery (Giant Pascal) J. J. H. Gregory it Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Celery (Easy Blanching) ' Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Celery (Paris Golden) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Celery (Giant Pascal Spr.cial) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Celery (Golden Plume) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Celery (Easy Blanching) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Celery (Giant Pascal) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Cucumber (Green Prolific or Everbearing) H. P. Chamberlain Hardware Co., Orange Budd D. Hawkins, Reading, Vt. Cucumber (Improved White Spine) Frank R. Boyd P^st., Southampton Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Cucumber (Boston Pickling) The Mutual Plumbing Co., Amherst Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Cucumber (White Spine) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Cucumber (Improved Long Green) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. Cucumber (Davis Perfect) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. (L (F (L (F, (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L (F (L (F, (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L.: (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 75 79 31 70 9-'28 7-'29 9-'28 7-' 29 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 7-29 82 l-'2ft 93 7-'29 80 1-29 82 7--29 83 l-'29 60 7-'29 80 l-'29 86 6-' 29 75 2-'29 93 6-'29 C-'29 75 6-'29 94 9-'28 88 7-'29 9.5 12-'28 90 6-'29 90 l-'29 86 6-' 29 44 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No. 297-2.53 180-147 178-14.- 479-424 461-406 429-377 428-376 427-375 387-336 386-331 385-334 328-281 327-280 326-279 301-257 300-256 299-25.5 269-230 Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Address of Wholesaler Duration I of Test (Days) VEGETABLES— Continued Cucumber (White Spine) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Cucumber (Green Cluster) Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Cucumber (Improved White Spine) J. Russell Hardware Co., Holyoke Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Cucumber (Improved Long Green) F. W. Woolworth, Greenfield Northrup, King & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Lettuce (Prize Head) J. W. Ferry, Lee Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Lettuce (Big Boston Lot 61d) The Mutual Plumbing Co., Amherst Ross Bros Co., Worcester, Mass. Lettuce (Big Boston) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Lettuce (Black Seeded Tennis Ball) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Ma.ss. Lettuce (May King) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Lettuce (May King) Boston Boston, Mass. Boston Boston, Mass. R. & J. Farquhar Co. R. & J. Farquhar Co. Lettuce (Big Boston) R. & J. Farquhar Co., R. & J. Farquhar Co., Lettuce (Black Seeded Tennis Ball) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. Lettuce (May King) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Lettuce (New York) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Lettuce (Black Seeded Tennis Ball) J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc , Marblehead, Mass. Lettuce (Black Seeded Tennis Ball) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Lettuce (Big Boston) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Lettuce (May King) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Lettuce (Black Seeded Tennis Ball) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. (L, (F. (L. (F. (L (F, (L, (F (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. i (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. Germi- nation % 96 95 64 86 82 97 61 97 97 61 91 Date of Test l-'29 6-'29 6-'29 6-'29 6-'29 7-'29 6-'29 ■ 90 9-'28 89 7-'29 94 9-'28 99 7-'29 90 9-'28 99 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 6-'29 6-'29 6-'29 92 l-'29 92 6-'29 84 l-'29 77 6-'29 82 l-'29 99 6-'29 94 _ 74 6-'29 SKED INSPECTION 4o 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS -Continued Lab. No. 268-229 484-429 47.'>-420 480-425 478-423 Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Addrc.-i? of Wholesaler i i ! Duration Gernii- i Date of Test I nation • of (Days) I %■ 1 Test 430-378 388-337 304-260 184-1.51 182-149 348-300 23.5-198 229-193 218-183 201-167 VEGETABLES— Con ti n ned Lettuce (May King) Hartlett & Dow Co., Lowell Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. Muskmelon (Famous Rocky Ford) H P. Chamberlain Hardware Co., Oranse Budd D. Hawkins, Reading, Vt. Parsley (Double Curled) Frank R. Boyd, Est., Southampton Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, NY Parsnip (Hollow Crown) .J. W. Ferry, Lee Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wether^field. Conn. Parsnip (Improved Hollow Crown) .1. W. Ferry, Lee Budd D. Hawkins, Reading, Vt. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) Grange Grocery Store, Amherst . Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Parsnip (Hollow Crown Lot 23) Mutual Plumbing Co., Amherst Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) R. & .1. Farquhar Co., Boston R. & .J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) Perry Seed Co., Boston. Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Parsnip (Long Smooth) Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) J. Russell Hardware Co., Holyoke Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethe sfield. Conn. Parsnip (Hollow Crown) Ross Bros. Co., Worcester Ross Bros Co., Worcester, Mass Peas (Nott's Excelsior) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. Peas (Gradus) C. F. Glennon, Dalton S. D. Woodruff & ."^ons, I'raiiac, Conn. Peas (American Wonder • Ford & Parker, Dali.in Page Seed Co., Greene. \. V Peas (Sutton's Excelsior) Berksnire Coal & Grain Co., Pittstield Whitney-Eckstein Seed Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Peas (North Excelsior) Chicopee Hardware & Paint Co., Chioopee . S. D. Woodruff & Son?, Orange, Conn. (L.! (F.i (L.' (F.j i (L.' (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. I (L.! (F.; (L.! (F.i (L.j (F-l 93 I 6- '29 76 7-'29 2.5 7-' 29 2.5 1 7-'29 (L. - (F. 21 79 7-' 29 (L. - - (F. 21 23 6-'29 (L. ~ _ (F. 21 39 6-' 29 (L. 85 9-'28 (F. 21 21 7-'29 (L. - (F. 21 53 7-' 29 (I.. 88 6-'29 (F. 21 73 7-' 29 22 7-'29 _ 2. 17 7-'29 21 24 7-'29 74 l-'29 21 02 6-'29 98 12-'28 6 83 7-'29 0 82 7-'29 li 96 7-'29 6 90 7-29 90 _ 6 83 7-29 46 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No. Fvind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, XMiiif and Address of Wholesaler VEGETABLES— Continued 463-408 Radish (Early Round Scarlet White Tipped Tbe Mutual Plumbing Co., Amnerst Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. 167-134 Radish (Early Scarlet) Osborne Hardware Company, Holyoke. Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge. N. Y 481-426 Spinach (Improved Thick Leaved) S. S. Kresge, Springfield American Seed Co., Detroit, Mich. 433-381 Spinach (Princess Juliana) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. 433-380 Spinach Round Thick Leaf) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W, Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. 431-379 Spinach (King of Denmark) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston . Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. 31' 1-340 Spinach (Princess Juliana) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. 390-339 Spinach (King of Denmark) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston . . . R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. 389-338 Spinach (Savoy Leaf) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston R. & J. Farqunar Co., Boston, Mass. 306-262 Spinach (Princess Juliana) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. 30.5-261 Spinach (Bloomsdale Savoy) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. Spinach (Round Thick Leaf) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. 302-258 Spinach (King of Denmark) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston,- Mass. 283-239 Spinach (Princess Juliana) Hanscom Hardware Company, Haverhill . . . I Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y 282-238 Spinach (King of Denmark) Hanscom Hardware Company, Haverlull Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y. 271-232 Spinach (Round Thick Leaf) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. 270-231 Spinach (King of Denmark) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. Spinach Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Spinach (Round Thick Leaf) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. Lot6I«) - (L. (F. (L. (F. - (L.j (F. (L.l (F.I Duration Germi- of Test nation (Days) % (Li (F.I (L. (F. (L. (F.I (L.l (F.! (L.l (L.l (F.| (L, (F. (L.l (F.j (L. (F. (L. (F. 10 90 66 90 70 89 9.5 90 10 '■ 84 10 I 83 93 81 80 10 I 82 83 10 ! (L- (F. 10 (L. 1 (F. 10 (L. (F. 10 78 8.5 81 10 I 98 81 81 92 80 77 9.5 86 SEED INSPECTION 47 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No. Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and .Address of Wholesaler Duration of Test (Days) VEGETABLES— Continued ;J31-284 i Squash (Blue Hubbard) ' J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. .307-263 Squash (Blue Hubbard) Perry Seed Co., Boston Perry Seed Co., Boston, Maes. 4.59-404 Sweet corn (Golderi Bantam) W. H. Danahar Est., Williamstown Jerome B. Rioe Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y. 4,").')-400 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) B. J. Haggirty, Adams Page Seed Co., Greene, N. Y. 4.54-399 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) P. J. Vrabel, Adams Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. 43.5-383 Sweet corn (Whipple's Yellow) Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. 434-382 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) Tnos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston, Mass. :J93-342 Sweet corn (Golden Giant) R. & J. Farquhar Co., Boston R. & J. Farquliar Co., Boston, Mass. 392-341 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) R. &. J. Farquhar Co., Boston R. &. J. Farquhar Co., Boston, Mass. 372-321 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) A. W. Thayer, Southampton Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn 371-320 Sweet corn (Evergreen) Balch Bros., Southwiok Thos. W. Emerson Co., Boston Mass. 346-298 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. 344-296 Sweet corn (Bantam Evergreen) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. 343-295 Sweet corn (Whipple's Early Yellow) L. E. Whittaker, East Longmeadow Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111. .342-294 Sweet corn (Whipple's Early) Frank — The Seedman, Springfield F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Milford, Conn. 341-293 Sweet corn (Bantam Evergreen Scott) Frank — The Seedman, Springfield F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Milford, Conn. Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) Frank — The Seedman, Springfield F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Milford, Conn. 322-275 Sweet corn (Whipple's Giant Yellow) .1. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead J. .1. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. 321-274 ! Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) 1 J. .1. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead ! J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L-i (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F. (L. (F.i I (L. (F.; (L.| (F. Germi- nation % 86 91 79 93 98 94 79 95 93 90 9.5 83 Date of Test 6-'29 l-'29 6-' 29 ll-'28 7-'29 96 7-'29 94 9- '28 9.5 7-'29 92 9-' 28 94 7-'29 100 2-'29 96 7-'29 100 2-'29 81 7-'29 7-'2it 94 ]2-'28 94 7- '29 91 12-'28 91 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 7- '29 II -'28 7- '29 48 CONTPvOI. SKKIES Xo. 411 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued Lab. No Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address of Dealer, Name and Address of Wholesaler Duration j of Test (Days) Germi- Date nation % of Test VEGETABLES— Continued 309-263 Sweet corn (Whipple's Yellow) Perry Seed Co., Boston (L. Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. (F.' 308-264 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) Perry Seed Co., Boston (L. Perry Seed Co., Boston, Mass. (F.l Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) I Hanscom Hardware Co., Haverhill (L. Win. B. Evans, Georgetown, Mass. (F ! 280-236 Sweet corn (Golden Sunshine) ; Hanscom Hardware Co., Haverhill . (I..1 Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridse, .N. V. (F.' Sweet corn (Whipple's Yellow) ! Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell . ()..} Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. a'".[ 272-233 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell . (L.j Bartlett & Dow Co., Lowell, Mass. (F.' 220-185 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) j Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Pittstield (L.! F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Milford, Conn. (F. 199-165 Sw^eet corn (Country Gentleman) Chicopee Hardware & Paint Co., Chicopee (L.i S. D. Woodruff & Sons, Orange, Conn. (F. 198-164 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) Chicopee Hardware & Paint Co., Chicopee (L. S. D. Woodruff & Sons, Orange, Conn. (F. 170-137 I Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) j J. Russell Hardware Co., Holyoke (L. I Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. (F. Sweet corn (Whipple's Yellow) Foster-Farrar Co., Northampton (L. Comstoek, Ferre & Co., Wethersfield, Conn. (F. 133-105 Sweet corn (Golden Glint) Ross Bros. Co., Worcester (L. Ross Bros. Co., Worcester, Mass. (F. Sweet corn Joseph Breck «& Sons Corp., Boston (L. Joseph Breck «& Sons Corp., Boston, Mass. (F. 1 18-90 Sweet corn (Whipple's Yellow; Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston (L. Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, Mass. (F. 117-89 Sweet corn (Golden Bantam) Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston (L. [ Thos. J. Grey Co., Boston, .\Lis8. (F. 482-427 Swiss Chard (Sea Kale) S. S. Kresge, Springfield (L. American Seed Co., Detroit, Mich. (F. 473-418 I Swiss Chard (Sea Kale Beet) Frank R. Boyd, Est., Southampton (L. Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y. (F. 465-410 Swiss Chard (Dark Green) ; Grange Grocery vStore, Amherst (L. Chas. C. Hart Seed Co.. Wethersfield, Conn. (F. 376-325 Swiss Chard (Dark Green) J. W. Ferry, Lee (L. Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wetberafield, Conn. (F. 10 10 m l-'29 90 7-'29 92 l-'29 02 7-'29 91 _ 95 7-'2'.1 92 89 97 93 94 99 92 92 I 94 94 96 94 98 97 82 72 88 86 7-'29 7-' 29 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 7-'29 7- '29 7-'29 3-'29 7-'29 l-'29 7-29 l-'29 7-'29 l-'29 6-'29 7-'29 7-29 6-'29 7-29 SKKI) INSPlX'riON 41) 1929 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS-^Concluded Lab. No. Kind of Seed, Brand, Name and Address 1 1 1 ca m 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 3 m 1 0 o 7 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 . PS 3 1 1 2 c Number of Samples Ana NOXIOUS WEEDS Canada Thistle . Dodder Quack Grass Wild Mustard TROUBLESOME WEE Alyeaum spp. Amaranth spp. . Barnyard Grass . Black-eyed Susan BuU Thistle Campion spp. Carrot, Wild Cat's-ear . Chickweed spp. . Cinquefoil spp. . Corn-flower Devil's Paint Brush Dock spp. . Foxtail spp. Frenchweed Knotweed . Lady's Thumb Lamb's Quarters. Mustard spp. Night-flowering Catchfly Old Witch Grass . Ox-eye Daisy Peppergrass, Wild Plantain spp. Ragweed spp. Rumex spp. (unidentified) Rush spp. . Russian Thistle . Salt Bush (Atriplex spp.) Sedge Sheep Sorrel Smartweed spp. . Tarweed Tickseed S unflower Trefoil spp. Vervain, Blue Yarrow Miscellaneous lyzed 5 DS 16 1 1 11 2 3 1 7 5 1 2 5 5 1 2 1 13 8 11 2 1 19 3 3 2 2 5 1 3 6 1 4 3 8 14 3 85 8 1 6 2 13 3 1 3 23 41 3 1 7 1 3 29 22 4 15 9 18 46 17 11 62 72 .. 3 26 2 3 75 25 SEED INSPECTION 51 SUMMARY OF SAMPLES ANALYZED AND TESTED From October 1, 1928, to October 1, 1929 Total Purity analysis onh- ... Germination test only .... Roth purity and germination required Total number private and official sam- ples examined 386 485 871 Class of Seeds Non-Official Official Total Field Croi> ..... 129 45 174 Forage Plant ..... 66 259 325 Vegetables ..... 182 181 363 Tree 8 - 8 Weed 1 - 1 Total . . 386 485 871 Note. — Included in this Summary, classified as Non-Official Vegetable samples, were 9.3 sam- ples of onion seed furnished the l")epartment of Vegetable Gardening, M. \. C for Variety Tests. Unofficial Samples The term "unofficial samples" is applied to .seeds submitted by dealers and •growers for examination and for which service a fee is charged. This work is believed to be of material value to both dealer and grower, espe- cially where any doubt exists as to the quality of the seed. Manner of storage and the age of seed are such important factors in seed vitahty that a laboratory test is advisable where there is any question as to age or manner of storage. A purity test on grass seed or grass seed mixtiyes will also determine to what extent such seed ha.s been freed from foreign seed and inert material. The average time required for a germination test varies from ten to twenty- eight days; some of the grass seeds taking the longer time. Therefore, seeds should be submitted a sufficient length of time in advance to make sure of obtain- ing a report before planting time. Samples should be sent to the Seed Testing Laboratory, Massachusetts Agri- cultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Massachusetts. Rules and Regulations Governing the Testing of Seeds for Purity and Germination (1) The kind of seeds that will be tested are those specified in the Massachu- setts seed law, and in addition, flower seeds may be tested for germination. (2) Samples to be tested should be drawn in such a way as to be representa- 52 CONTROL SERIE8 No. 49 tive of the bulk lot of seed from which they are taken. (See directions for sampling, page 2, RULES FOR SEED TESTING, United States Department of Agriculture, Circular 406.) (3) Only samples which are of sufficient size for taking a re|)resentative test- sample wiU be analyzed or tested. The minimum weight of seed forwarded for purity analysis and germination test should be: (a) Two ounces of grass seed of any kind or of white or alsike clover. (b) Five ounces of red clover, crimson clover, alfalfa, millet, flax, or seecJ of like size. (c) One pound or more of cereals, or seed of hke size. The minimum weight forwarded for germination test alone should be: (a) One-half ounce of grass seed of any kind or of white or alsike clover, or vegetable seeds. (b) One ounce of red clover, crimson clover, alfalfa, millet , flax, or seed of likr size. (c) Eight ounces or more of cereals or seed of like size. (d) Two hundred seeds or more of any flower seeds. (4) Each sample should bear an identification mark, the name of the kind of seed, and the name and address of the vendor. Also the sample should be ac- companied by a letter stating exactly what is desired, — whether a purity analysis, a germination test, or both. (5) Tests and analyses made under the provision of the Massachusetts seed law are conducted under the supervision of the Director of the Massachusetts Experi- ment Station. The name of the Experiment Station, the Seed Laboratory, or of any individual associated therewith, must not be used for' advertising purposes in connection with the report issued upon any sample. The informa- tion given on the report may be copied onto a tag or label for purpose of declara- tion of sale, but the party doing this is thereby guaranteeing that the quaHty of the seed to which this label is attached is equal to that indicated bj' the label. (6) Samples sent by mail or express nmst be fully i^reijaid, and should be carefully put up and securely wrapped to insure their arrival without damage. Each sample should be plainly addressed to the State Seed Testing Laboratory, Amherst, Massachusetts. (7) The fees to be charged for seed tests made at this laboratory are as follows: Germination test except for grasses other than timothy, but including doA'^ers and alfalfa, thirty cents each. Germination tests of grasses except timothy, fifty amts each. Purity analyses of cereals, fifty cents each. Purity analyses of timothy, and all other kinds of crop seeds, except grasses, seventy-five cents each. Purity analyses of grasses and of all mixtures of not, more than two kinds of agricultural seeds, one dollar each. Purity analyses of special mixtures, including lawn grasses and pasture mix- tures, a charge sufficient to cover the actual cost of working the sample, the amount of such fee depending entirely upon the character of the sample sub- mitted for test, minimum charge one dollar and twenty-five cents. In no case will final report be rendered until all fees are paid. SEED INSPECTION 53 (8) The methods and rules of testing in this laboratory will be in practically- all cases those rules recommended and followed by the Association of Official Seed Analysts of North America. In order to prevent wide variations due to use of different methods of testing, it is advised that seedsmen and others doing their own testing employ the rules and methods followed by the State Seed Testing Laboratory. A copy of Ruhs for Seed Testing, Circular No. 406, may be obtained upon request from the United States Department of Agriculture. REPORT OF FIELD TESTS OF CLOVER AND ALFALFA SEEDS OFFI- CIALLY COLLECTED IN 1928 Acting in co-operation with the Department of Agronomy of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, field tests have been made upon a number of samples of clover and alfalfa in order to determine if they were of true name and variety. Dr. M. H. Cubbon makes the following report: These seeds were planted in rod rows June 4, 1928, and the plants made very good growth during the season. All plants came through the winter of 1928-29 in good condition. Prior to the first cutting in 1929, examination of the various groups of plants indicated them to be of the following types: Lab. No. Labeled Found 233-92 Sweet Clover . Biennial wnite flowered sweet clover. 220-79 Montana Grimm Alfalfa . Variegated alfalfa — probably Grimm. 211-70 Grimm Alfalfa , Variegated alfalfa. 228-87 Alfalfa . Variegated alfalfa. 226-85 Alfalfa . . Variegated alfalfa, but with more blue flowers than above varieties. Winter hardy under 1928-29 conditions. 236-95 Alfalfa . . Winter hardy, flowers showing some variegation. 213-72 Medium Red Clover . Medium Red Clover. 206-65 Red Clover . . Medium Red Clover. 218-77 Domestic Medium Red C over Medium Red Clover. 227-86 Medium Red Clover . Medium Red Clover. 221-88 Mammoth Red Clover . Mammoth Red Clover. 231-90 Mammoth Red Clover . Mammoth Red Clover. The findings thus indicate that the seeds were properly labelled as to type or variety, with three exceptions. These three are the sweet clover No. 233-92, and alfalfa samples Nos. 226-85 and 236-95, which should have been labeled as Biennial White Sweet Clover and as Variegated Alfalfas, respectively. REPORT OF TYPE AND VARIETY STUDIES OF ONIONS The seed laboratory has co-operated with Professor Snyder of the Department of Vegetable Gardening in an extensive project having to do with types and varie- ties of onions best suited to Massachusetts climatic conditions. That part of the project of especial interest to the Control Service comprised the determination of seed germination in the field as compared with laboratory tests, and trueness to type and variety. Owing to excessive dry weather and thrips injury, it was impossible to obtain accurate records, and the project will be continued during the season of 1930. The laboratory tests made in connection with this work follow. 54 CONTROL SERIES No. 49 ONION SEED PROJECT CONDUCTED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS SEED TESTING LABORATORY IN CONNECTION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE GAR- DENING, M. A. C, 1929 Test No. 61 62 6.3 102 110 111 112 113 114 Name and Address of Wholesaler; Variety of Onion D. V. Burrell, Rocky Ford, Colo. Yellow Globe Danvers Southport Yellow Globe Burrell's Mt. Danvers Ohio Yellow Globe Comstock, Ferre Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Southjtort Yellow Globe 117 Early Medium Yellow 117 Ohio Yellow Globe 116 Early Medium Yellow 118 Yellow Globe Danvers 247 Sweet Spanish 268 Ohio Yellow Globe 426 Southport Yellow Globe 427 Early Medium Yellow 688 Southport White Globe 811 Farmer Seed and Nursery Co., Faribault, Minn. Mt. Danvers D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich. Yellow Globe Danvers Yellow Danvers Michigan Yellow Globe Alexander Forbes & Co., Newark, N. J. Selected Yellow Globe Danvers Southport Yellow Globe INIichigan or Ohio Yellow Globe Ebenezer J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., Marblehead, Mass. Gregory's Imp. Yellow Globe 988 Early Round Yellow Danvers Southport Yellow Globe Cracker Thos. Griswold & Co., South Wethersfield, Conn Southport Yellow Globe Yellow Danvers Perfect Yellow Globe Danvers Yellow Globe Danvers Joseph Harris Co., Coldwater, N. Y. Southport Yellow Globe No. 488 Ebenezer .508 Yellow Globe Danvers 487 Round Yellow Danvers 491 Yellow Globe 486 ... ; Mt. Danvers Chas. C. Hart Seed Co., Wethersfield, Conn. Wethersfield Larpe Red Yellow Globe Danvers • Yellow Prizetaker .Japanese or Ebenezer Southport Yellow Globe Holmes-Lethermore Seed Co., Canton, Ohio Southport Yellow Globe Prizetaker Mountain Danvers Yellow Globe Danvers Ohio Yellow Globe S. M. Isbell Co., Jackson. Mich. Yellow Flat Danvers Isbell's Prizetaker Yellow Globe Danvers Southport Yellow Globe Riverside Sweet Spanish Ohio Yellow Globe Mountain Danvers TsbeD's Yellow Globe Ebenezer or Japanese Number of Seeds per Ounce 7,82,5 7,910 7,966 7,910 7,881 6,889 8,33.5 6,747 7,470 9,412 7,684 8,250 6,365 8,222 7,201 7,126 8,165 7,711 9,696 8,264 7,683 8,094 8,319 7,809 8,199 7,512 8,063 7,986 8,674 8,194 8,027 7,689 8,108 8,760 8,278 7,655 7,328 7.328 7,314 7,229 7,640 7,768 8,562 8,037 7,2.=^S 8,406 ,074 ,683 ,757 ,.542 ,078 ,725 ,755 ,537 ,910 Laboratory Germination Per cent SEED INSPECTION 55 ONION SEED PROJECT CONDUCTED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS SEED TESTING LABORATORY IN CONNECTION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE GAR- DENING, M. A. C, 1929— Concluded Name and Address of Wholesaler; Variety of Onion Number of Seeds per Ounce Laboratory Germination Per cent Johnson's Seed Store, Cleveland, Ohio Selected Ohio Yellow Globe The Livingston Seed Co., Columbus, Ohio Ohio Yellow Globe 777 C. C. Morse & Co., San Francisco, Calif. Squires Str. Yellow Globe Danvers Ohio Yellow Globe Southport Yellow Globe L. L. Olds Seed Co., Madison, Wis. Olds Y'ellow Globe Danvers 1.31 Olds Select Ohio Y'ellow Globe V32 The Frank S. Piatt Co., New Haven, Conn. Southport Yellow Globe Onion Danvers Yellow Globe Walter S. Schell, Inc., Harrisburg, Pa. Schell's New American Beauty Francis C. Stokes & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Mt. Danvers G. E. Stout, East Lansing, Mich. Danvers Vaughan's Seed Store, New York City Vaughan's Special Yellow Globe 755D. . . . Ohio Yellow Globe 7620 Southport Red Globe Eastern Grown 78()K Southport Large Yellow Globe Ohio Yellow Globe 7960 Vaughan's Special Yellow Globe 755D .... James Vicks Sons, Inc., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Danvers Danvers Yellow Globe The Western Seed Co., Denver, Colo. Ohio Yellow Globe A2o Mt. Danvers A245 Southport Yellow Globe S36 David Crocket A28 Y'ellow Globe Danvers S3S Oscar H. Will & Co., Bismark, No. Dak. Will's Dakota Globe Yellow Globe Danvers F. H. Woodruff & Sons, Milford, Conn. Japanese Yellow Strassburg Extra Early Yellow Ohio Yellow Globe ' Southport Yellow Globe Selected Yellow Globe Danvers Colorado Mt. Danvers S. D. Woodruff & Sons, Orange, Conn. Yellow Globe Danvers Southport Red Globe Southport White Globe Southport Yellow Globe 8,136 8,192 7,481 8,091 7,541 8,317 9,469 7,215 7,910 7,7.54 8,080 98 96 93 70 77 84 89 87 86 8,2.50 84 7,399 87 7,881 92 8,094 67 7,343 92 8,349 84 7,527 90 7,810 91 7,974 83 8,260 55 8,3.30 95 7,124 84 7,966 99 7,622 96 8,621 97 8,355 72 7,753 52 7,177 83 8,749 75 7,856 81 7,527 80 8,179 95 6,974 97 7,. 584 91 7,910 98 7,484 80 Massachusetts Agricultural ELxperiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 50 NOVEMBER, 1929 Inspection of Commercial Feedstuffs By PHILIP H. SMITH This is the thirty-fifth report of the work of feeding stuffs inspection and presents the results of the chemical and microscopic analyses on 1,670 samples of feeding stuffs intended for live stock and poultry con- sumption, collected during the year ending September I, 1929. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station Amherst, Mass. PUBLICATION OF THI8 DOCUMENT APPROVED BT THE COMMISSION ON ADMINISTRATION AND FiNANCE 2,500— 1-'30. No. 7553. CONTROL SERIES No. 50 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith^ In the enforcement of the Feeding Stuffs Act the inspector thoroughly covers the State at least twice each year, not only to seciu-e a comprehensive collection of feeding stuffs intended for subsequent analysis, but also to make sure that goods in dealers' warehouses are properly tagged and guaranteed. During the past year the inspector's activities comprised the collection of 1,670 samples of feeding stuffs. In order to make this collection, 216 dealers located in 117 towns were visited at least once. The following table shows the kind and number of samples and brands collected: Number Number Number Number Material. of of Material. of of Samples. Brands. Samples Brands. Cottonseed Meal 72 19 Fitting Rations 11 5 . Linseed Meal . 33 7 Stock and Horse Feeds 71 37 Gluten Meal . 1,5 1 Molasses Horse Feeds 66 26 Gluten Feed 48 6 Miscellaneous Mixtures 14 9 Distillers' Grains 2 2 Alfalfa Meal— Alfalfa Leaf Brewers' Grains 9 2 Meal .... 36 13 Malt Sprouts . 1 1 Chick Starting and Grow- Wheat Red Dog Flour 15 11 ing Feeds 69 44 Wheat Flour Middlings 21 12 Laying Mashes 177 81 Wheat Standard Middling 42 21 Fattening Feeds (Poultry) 4 4 Wheat Mixed Feed . 75 21 Chick Scratch Grains 22 16 Wheat Bran 89 38 Meat Scrap . 34 12 Hominy Feed . 40 12 Meat and Bone Scrap 60 23 Dried Beet Pulp 18 2 Bone Meal 15 7 Rye Feed 4 1 Fish Meal 10 5 Oat Feed 4 2 Dried Milk Products 26 9 Barley Feed 2 1 Cereal Meals . 142 - Dairy Feeds 339 139 Unregistered Feeds . 64 - Hog Feeds 9 7 Calf Meals 11 6 Total 1,670 602 The 64 unregistered feeds for the greater part represent samples collected from dealers who mix and sell prepared feeds and who register the mixtures. In other instances the feeds were sold in such small amount as to make it quite unworth- while to enforce registration. One hundred and forty-two cereal meals — corn meal, ground oats, barley meal and provender — while they do not require guarantee, were collected in order to ascertain if they were true to name. With the exception of three instances the goods were as claimed. Two samples of ground oats and one of provender con- tained rather more fiber than the average, which could only be accounted for through the use of very inferior oats or the deliberate addition of oat hulls. Our results on the particular samples will be re-checked by drawing further samples. About 60 per cent of the samples collected consisted of straight unmixed by- products and about 40 per cent, prepared feeds containing two or more ingredients. At the present time (May, 1929) 923 feeding stuffs have been registered, a slight increase over 1928 for the entire year. While small shipments maj' occa- sionally be offered and sold without registration, it is believed that the greater number comply with the law in this respect. Registration applications were presented by 229 manufacturers. ' The following staff members assisted in the inspection: John W. Kuzmeski, H. Robert DeRose, and Marvin W. Goodwin, Chemists; Frederick McLaughlin, Microscopist; Jam^ T. Howard, Inspector; Cora B. Grover, Clerk. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS U » o S 0 1 I o ft le >< ^ ^ c < s ?; ^ « P bo « u 41 > g 0 O -< O) O t>; •-< q p Tt; 00 O CC p t-; t-^ •* ■* h-. ■-< (N (N (N C^ to t>^ (D to 0 ^ II ppppppppppppppppppp ppppppio p T3 3 O fa pM00p(NO'^IN-HpT);0)l>.p00ro05l--i-i lOOOOCOOlOSN -H Oi^ioaoio5o6t^o5o6o5coo6o6c-io6ci-^t-lo6 w Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. oqpopiNp-^eO'ijoocopproooiN^.-jp pt^t^MNtN--; 'O oiooo-Hr-cod'^t^o>r-ppiNoqpp-*r-.'op^^-iTt;t>;OcD ■-i-*c^ CO t^ CD lO lO CD lO CD CO t>^ CO H O K ■-ipppppppp-Hpppppppoo ooooooo o i-H CO tH CO 1-1 TO 1-1 CO TO "-i CD TO ^ CD CO rH CD CO CO -^h IN »0 ■'l^ Csi rlH lO O ■* TO ■* TO 1* T)l T)< TO Til Tt< TO 'jH ■* TO -^ Tj( TO T}( TO TOTOTOTOTOTOTO ■* a 0 fa pt^iHiOi^p'OCOCOXp^^Cit^OWXt^O TtCT^ 00 0dt^-OW-Hi6dcD >OIN>Or)HT- TO Ttf -r TO Tf tH TO •* TO TOTOTOTOTOTOTO ^^ Water. T).cooqoqoqoqcopppiN-*TOC»o-*oo o t-^t-^t-^cDt-^r^cDcdc6cDcDt~iocDt^t-.^r-^t-;t>; odoooioooioot-^ oi « K < P z o s •• 5 OO ca "5 •^ C3 • -lis &&&&■;•£ o-oo^^^ll S^o=«^C^ 1 ■»"§ . 3 3 3 C3 03 03 . P Q W H fa 4* « (8 ' ^ i i. 1 fsf Isg ^,, 1 5 ^^"'ft§>5 .5 TO TO -^s? • • r; ■ W-^ffifapqoOOmQQiJhJhJ^^^QQ OOSWWOO Q 1^ rtlNTOTO"-!— iC^i-icO'0«'-i,-it..Tj<(NTOTOTO MlTjlt^iOTOCOrJt lo CONTROL SERIES No. 50 O s « u nrt 4) 9i 3 cu e T) O 3 O r ) ^ u 0) rfl O ; I H r ) 0 O U P 1 * 9 ^ « >. S c 2; < Oi-< -h «-oiC(Nop"5oqt^oor)< io>o •^ooootd;© ■-"'H MM aj CO CO M CO CO CO c; -6 a 3 O "Or-osTfcooo corH ot^ -H ^■sDiot^oi'CTjici'C'-ioo -^t^ o6t>;t>;o65Dt^ co^ tdco CO cdcocoiNficdrtcdcod-H -^id Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. p^r-.aqr>.>o lop pco p •-( lo r-. t-- --< 'f p q p in oq >ot>. ooi^oocdoot^ (6^6 >do6 o (Ncioc^od-ncicot^Tti do6 Tt( ■* T«< ■* T)i Tjt T»< Til ^T)( rH to "OCDOtDO® lOtOtOO O lO Eh' < pOOOpp po p. -H (N p ^ p (N 0 cq t-. lO (N cot- cdcdoi-H-^iN o6t>l t^td -n idid"d-.^id>didid'*r)i-'.cooooioiO'.D «dcd IM Cq (N O) Ol C^l IN(N (NIN (M ^ ^ ,-< ,-h ^ -h « ..h -h ^ ^ ^m « ^ OmOO-Hrf 020 0—1 IM OOC^lCiC-. — iiNO'MiOTt't^ ooco r^cicnoc-. 0 co-^ "-ot^ •* oooocM-^oorooo oo a « -<; b Z: b O H s ■<; 12; _ American Maize-Products Co. Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co. Corn Products Refining Co. Penick & Ford Ltd., Inc. . A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co. . Union Starch & Refining Co. Dewey Bros Co. ..... C. J. Martenis Grain Co. Farmers Feed Co. . St. Albans Grain Co. .... Wilkinson Grain Co., Ltd. . Commander Milling Co. Empire MilUng Co. .... Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., Buffalo International Milling Co. H. H. King Flour Mills Co. Minneapolis Milling Co. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co. . St. Albans Grain Co. Washburn Crosby Co. Washburn Crosby Co. Atkinson Milling Co. .... Elmore Milling Co., Inc. m b P a pa H Gluten Feed. Cream of Corn .... Clinton ..... Buffalo Douglas ..... Staley's ..... Union ...... Distillers' Grains. Alco ...... Brewers' Grains. Malt Sprouts. Red Dog Flour. Battleship ..... Blackhawk ..... Modoc ..... XXX Comet . ... Wirthmore Flour Middlings . Arlington Wheat Flour . Gold Medal Adrian Flour Middlings. Atkinson's Watchword Red Dog Elmore Snow Middlings 1-^ of Sam- ples. t^lCtOC^t^—l -<-< -^O r-1 r-l^rHCO-Hrtrt-Hi-lrHCO -H(N INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS O"ti0ppp00pi0 »OOpOiOtOOiOiOiOpOiOiOO»0»00>00»0 00t000000»00000 ppioiooooopp pppc^pioppiopicpppppiqpppp ppppp'^'-^r^oq--; T}^pc^Tt^c^_1-HlOTJ^,-Hpp^,TJ-HrHi-llO-H'-l.-lr-llM(NiOOTrt(N'l 9 O H U ^ g I ■a o ^ « Ph ^ o w ^ OO Q 5~ BJ g e <; ^ 4) t-H (S S o U o - ;roootDre;Dt^-*iNM^03roiocpcqinqo-. ;doo pt>.pOt>;10t>.p _ ___ __ ■<1O»OC0O^ p"5p>Or-;pppt>.iO(NOO'npO>0«0'<5p"3"50iO pppioint~.-*c<3T);c<5iN-Hpt>.c-opp>'5'op'cp'Opoioio ppMppicpt-pc^piot^coioiNpioppNpin oqpP5-*pppiN C0pT)<(Npp(N. 3 S " O O cj OOfe c3T3 ||«i ^ I I T-i y-i -^ r-i oi n n n rtTtpt^ oopppiopppppppp CO(NCCCCO:>iOCOpt-;'-HOppCO CO >0 'O O 'O »0 CO 'O -rt* i6 -^ »o Tji tP wpCQcot>;oqcoeoco«-Hpi>Ttjt^ 05dCs005005t^OiOOOl050 .■6^ o .o OS o ;4 =os- ■ O c . . • CO O oi O o ^ mOOo § C S:q «.S t-o c a d'^ o 03.01 ;^aS-2o.^ f-i:^^^ 05 ^ : •a- =.: ■rO lO Jcotfo <<;!» IP uo> 2 B 0.2 OPh •^OfO-HrJirti-l.-lt.rt.-Ti<>qc<)q"-;p'*qpc<3 000 060606 qojpqqt~;poqcocoi-<-H OJOOC3ioJt^oio6o>0'^OJ OS 06 06 C? M 3 ^"MO "^ M^ S O ^ 5 (E M ■w c3 C O m 3 a) > tt)j3 J d m OO 13 33 OUfl, •S" . 3 (NCO 1-1 (NM .-I 00 Tlirt 10 ■.^00 ■-< ■00 06 60 KO KCf C 3 » o Sg cj g^ o 3: COiM'-iC^O-*MCCI^C^'-l-* S M O 3 03 03'"' O f4> CONTROL SERIES No. 50 O -0 u CO Q ^ 41 W W "o U^ C^ U ^ m « 5i) < Oh 0. c < bo B 0 U o| ooppLoooopoopp'Cioo'oicioiooiopp'Oinppppop cqpco«5c<5iooq'-;pco--;o UUU o o o g ' M be bO ' " '>S»Si5 ' 'S oooooooo CCS £: OOOOOOUU ^--666 666 O ccccccccrj<^<'Hei„^^,^^^ °« ;::;;3;c — — ;c™— ,,„,°3'>8=ybDMbo — ^- — ^^ — — *^.— ^— ko5_— ccc • • ^ ■^■^-^■^■^■JZ-^-^Z^ c S c >•>.>.;=;=:=: o o o ^,iifS^<;^, p!^rf « ^ g ^.2.£ii = .— rsQOO S'=5S5SS5 cf^^t^f^ls'J'JSSS-^-a £ oooooooo<>. >-. >, '^CCC^C^ ■C'E'Ci'C'E'^ ■£;■£: • "C "W -O j^V • j^- o c o(i, ."W o-s-s: "So. o c -(H -f< -*< O o o o o C3 o oQ 03pH|ii IP • .^ V C h *"w •2 b&3 fcsi '^ C^ (N —■ -^ ►-■ « s C3.0 C'-S O . ,c^ .Kim . 1^ a ^ • o • K«| « t^ I. d >> ■ C3 osW -.ii ■ S 5 2 co^ ■3 h 9 E 0000 a;_ajs.;it,oo 0:5- ; s c c Eg:s g ;<;<;<<; M <; fi. o — I* > ta 03 I, n a c3 oj 0) PHQCfeepQ »- c o--^ '^ S ■« gg 3 >.»=« >>g a Q GaC.g°'Q.52o cOw<^Q C " o o ^^^ S S 03 a; Ja ooaoQ ^•-iCC^aCO'HCQ^lNIN'H'HC^CO— <'*IN'^-H'-iJ INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS t^iCiOcdoOOO 00 CD CD CO lO t^ CO *0 00 ^ t* CD »0 t^ CO CD r^ 00 t^ t>^ ^ lO »0 to CJ ;d lO "6 TJH CO CD "6 00 lO CO oi 00 00 t^ 1^ ^■^J4l^Tt<*»t'^ ■^■»^Tj.oq^^poq'Ooq■f5 irJTlJ'^il5idTjJKi--H (N O c^ IM O) c^ rt C<1 (N IN .- IN IN IN ^ M C-Hb.C0IN>Or)< >OClTjii-OOOOOppTlS« C---2-S . o d d 6 6 M M '~1'~I."'~1 c c.?,2 ■s'sddodddclciccc . .0-55° . . oOqooO.S.S dodo •"'-^"^(2[SOOOooOgS?5S5 d d'^'S:3:S^r°. o"s=MMMtii=S d^^^oO 5 £ U^rt — ^ = = = — ~jmmMTj c c c^^^ b « n"":;^ — -"-^— SssS — ^ |"SQa S S Si Si's 2i £ g^^^^^'^^^^o^^^-^s s ^l.a.E.H.s aa§,2.2 0.0 oQw^^wwwwwKww^?^?H?»?-^PHfe^QQQWM ffi jSSSSS2;2;2;oooo aC^ CJ m S C cc O •^^ Its -^3 f^c ~ ci'S^fH ■•art Of Wpqtspq NUSrHrtlN-Hr^ TO " CS Cq lO T)i J-. rH IN -H OO -< rt rt (N r^ IN -»< -H rt CO CO IN -H IN ri IN N •* IN ^ N IN IN rH C^ IN CO "O 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 o O c « u u ^ .S ^ •2 l-S (1) o c — O o ^ I O U Jj I ^ o i • ^ &, *© i '•§ to &< > S g Q, cs . e 5 1— < « bo > o u og C t,. e en coiNco M 1-; CO CO r- o t-. o CO IN t^ tooo-Hi-iococoNeO'OaiO ppO OppppOOOppp OppOO'OO'COOOO dciai •-HOJooJiNoooooc^ (NcqiNoiwoNcooioiooi poo 00 00 T); t>.oo t^^ to ■*• d 00 -H (N 00 CD 00 05 c> '6 _. , , ■*COtDh-icO-* 1-^060600":) •OpOpiOpiOpppio TjH^iOiO-^jirji-^rji-^^CO copc^ioppcqpppicp oicocococo-^co-^^^Tj^io pppp >npppiooopr>.'opppppppp pppp -- _ -__- - ')o «ot)<(N(n iM.-i(N W (N IN (N IN CM N (N iM iM CO IN IN CM '^ 'H in N i-i (N iN IN Ol CMCMCMCM r-. 00 t>. p 00 --< t>; p p p p CM OlCMCMtO -_ iO-*rth-;iX5Tl<^t^-T.» -i» c d d S.S .H.S.S.S 000-2-22 fcl =3 f3 ea 03 oi 'o'ofc^ ° °SSStS:^r3 — Sr^:;;^: 03 c3 0]'*'^'^ m m m m m °a=3 3CS 03 030303c3c3fefe S-B-n a) £ £-^5£ ^^■S252;Z2Z2:.S .S.S.S.S.S^-^-^lll^ <<<< 03d~OO^J^V'.^'^^'3 333333330 0 >i^ ^ ^J ^^ -^ Ph PL, CL, PL, cl, ts !? p IS t> PL, pup^d^pnftnO'O'O'BiPiPHM mmmtji « tl nOU 4) « c 5 i.'o T3(i, 03 ^j^ ""o'S .i! « ^Sq^ ^6?^, CM ■«ooS ■StJ-f P^QiP^Q ° o «p; fe o!Q-rd c C-2 03=3 •pc^Pi 0 ^ >.->,>.T3 ^ •^^o'-'>>-2.2o!^^ • f= S S^'SP'S o"S*§" S^ £ 2 § § §99.H^L-«5 PHffieQ<:pH-iTt^ lO CO t^ t-^ ^ t^ CD l^ 00 O 05 »0 IC t^ iO CD CD CO CD CD lO t^ CD CD CO poopqinopp ppppppoioopiopppppop ooooooo o6oi(No>'-ic30<>ido lot^^ddcot^t-^ -H r, 00 lo 00 p p CO to CO t-^ to lO »o ■^OOTO t-; p p CO p Ti< iH p 00 >-< peoo6'ocDc>i-Hcdt~t^"^o6do6o6-Hi-ido6 cococodb-^ooc^ ojoo Ttl-^iO >0 lO IC ■* T)H rjt lO •* Tf lO M" ■* •* ■^ ■* lO ■* Tj( -^ -^ Tj( lO -^ -^l* >0 "O lO T)< lO >0 113 "O lO ■* ira T»ji'^iOiC'^-^iO"0 ■^'jiiOiOCOCO'^ lOCO ppNpCO'^'Oi-Hp -^ lO lO T)< p in p t- 00 lO IN t-. p "-I ■* TjH t^ h, OcDtJ''-'-'-'^^'-''- - ^Z. -^ ^^ c 3 — » tH^HiH (-, £u— H flj^ojoi bflfafJ(/^«^:3;3^^(DlHQJa^a'a;-^^h^'^'rt Sci^-^ ti o3?i w a, ,r, ^ ^^-^MMeSca S3 - « ^ -^ 2 J J J ^^^"SS -^^ 2^=."^ c = = ^ Z;_g ££5 £ ^^^-^MOQ'^-^ an^T n O-^-" r ' "^S &« H £^ 03 iS-Q S£ ^^^- ^ ._j .^^ . >.2.2 ^-Q.li.tS . .^ ►?»?m'^°' £^-° -33 ■ ^S .(i .to .02 .(i tf .^ . . •rj'j^'^ >, .T3 . . p. . . . .^«t, .fa ."^ (^ .Xn .^"^oS'S'SS" >.-2fa5 e = >>& b cD^ a .Ho gf^oi2«on5 n -^^-Ss ^ ,.ooo -CD ■ <^ri,Pi Coi ^-r^ .tlM >;-!=-b OJ.fcl tu Sd S 03 O t m i cQ'c-r-'^ c3 03 g 3 3 >"? 3 3 3 C. 1^:5.2 O CM- CD^Jt— I —I — l—lCMrtCMCMOOi-HCO — 1— iC0C0C W fe u Q ^ 0 « . fL, ,_^ (S c c H- 1 "■""^ < t— ( « bo (9 a E o U (5 a 3 o Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. O 00 CO 00 cctooi— i H oJo6t>^t-^ lO O »0 ut lO qq-* loq c<5 lo ira Tji c<5 -tifflOHPL, "oqqqqqqqqioira oiiOi-tOiCOt^lNINoioi co(Nqc<3'>j<^.-<-^)-i c a 00 a — c ^-- -o-a .Q .2 js •»«•••• S M ci^lS-g-^ • -S c_ c 2 tl 0 « =3 g so C 2 oo C0-<1< COTji 1 «a j3 TJo" 0)"-' a.3 O'a O S ^(NiNi-HCQi-Hi-fi-'C^t^i-i INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 13 coqoqo-^'-;-*c<5p'*-*o>p'Ocoi/o.-Hio qqqqqppiqpqqqqppqpq Tji 05 rt 1-1 O) oi OJ 5D >-i O O OJ N -H (N fj as >o iOOCOCDCDOCDCO>00 qpqiN'nt-.pMqqiNqTiiqiqqoop O'Oc^q'oq'Oioqq qi.oioioooqioioiooqq>oqqioc<5 c.wh-p'>fqi-(00 oidd-^ooJo'-^dodoiodoooioit^doi Ti O odd s'~''-dd,- "^" ° d I °'"" s °: d d d 6 ^sSf^S"- 03^.52 — S — SS33 fc-ir^ M _: *f ^H=; ■^'^ o o o 0-— S S S o b =^iS o >,•- . oj^j^^^.S C C a 0) 3 3 o!^^^ O C 03 o! 03 cj 3 Cl-l (NCOIN'MCOCOC^NCOIN'-i.-lrtMiM^eOCO 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 O u ^ -d -n -^3 3 o 3 4J u o O V O 0 1 u U o to » ^ 13 f^ ^ u. o Si <*• P3 -« 0 ->1 c b c Oh ^ >. P-, m -Ci C t— 1 '~' < 1— 1 « bo a u 0) > < 1 < CC lO to CO •<* >C Tji iO CO^ Tji COCCCOO CD o PS a n ^1 qqqpqqqq qqqqicqqqq C 3 O •* ■* CD "C m ^ 1-0 in Tr 00 M o) q q -; 00 1^ t-^^o6cDcDo6LOt>^ coTi«ai«ocodt^"*o Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. 05C0I0 rt t^cD t^N loo^H t^(N coo coq d'ooixtcooc^d Tjito'i-'COooiocOTt'to COiOLOeDCOOCDCO cDiOCDcOCO-^iOiOtO < Si (N lo 00 cvi to q lO q qqqt-.ioqo'oq CO N ; 00 •* t>. fl T-; q 00 00 00 CO -^ lo -^ Tt* CO CO CO CO CO CO CO lO •* CO •* CO CO >d rH lO g H Eh 03 t^ooooooioq qqqqqqqqq ciddoidcidoi •* to oj cio«5qN dt^d'-it>^ioc .-I^J.-li--<0'*M05cqocppoooq o; 03 •-; 05 .-; o; co 05 co o p ■* lo t)< i-h t. co t~; t^pO!t>;iNpP'*-*iNp>-;p p(Npira-^oopoq>0'*r-.^ t-^ -i>-i"#piopT).p?^'Coq'-<'ninc^ioqt>- >-iTj(p oicdooi^oi ot-^cocD»ot>lo6ioocbt^t^t^r-^ o6o6oit>^o»OTHtocDo6»ocot>^cooooi»oo6 t^cb^ ■-Ir-lr-lrt^ o p p p iH N 00 -"i; p •* ■^ p 00 N T^ lOint-t-t-.iNppt^poqppi-ioqiO'O pp-; oioi'HoioioioJdoJoi'HooJoo O3oioido6o3t^o3odo6oo3o6ojo6odo6o6o doioJ 6 6^ S » o cj -m o . £0 •5--- ••CCS Se-'o-- • _-o--- ^ ^ 6 6 '-"-"-' . S'^ O . . . .oo' M •^Ic MM • 000 do . ■ ■►=0 ^QCfig^'^^^SfMOS •■•.£§ c^S o2^ i:;;S • cc . . r"ir"> o -O '^S'^.r^t.t.MM-c ^ oaf .S.Sci. Oi-3c 4>^ S "-O :=:=(_)0 5 S S >">' ~.S I'.S c c^^-£s;= = :=: 3^.:,Q pi =3 .'i;.': £ ?P^ S H>^|=^; ll<-. ^^.2 xi.ti . 5 """tH J....>-iiL..>,(ibn .....T<..-lr-l 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 q 'O p q "-"^ c a; X o r-i -H cniciNM'ncoio>oo5tcot^o-H^'Oooc +J •tJ c u o 01 U o u CO o Cfl W TJ H V tin 4) U. >- « Vta H 0 ►J P en to O Pi >, eS ,_J U t-H < •"^ « M (S OS qqi-oo'ooqqLoqqqoqoq'nooooo oqoO"-HT)<(Nqcot^oqt-.(Nqt-Niflqinr--. • c^ ■ p 6 6 6 '~"~' ^ ti --ncc -^.g^^ >oM^^ c"ooo s3o if^ ^ f^ E'^TrCJ.^ ^^Ujji ^ >'^oM g c 5 c<:^-« o*-'.2=a S > o oS 2 5 5 Sn^g-S <; <; -s;<;KmKpaaaooOi^HWOK^--Kii^OH^Qfa "O rs .t: .s ■? •tS ■P5 •^ TO «< a "J m'>> M cS 0 o 1 I' « ^ r- X ■ffi£ ■ • • -ss ■ is K s ■£ °^ C3' to .J2 J3 03 § ' (D"^ M >. c3 h >, S ,^ -- " >; 5 ht.^ a; 2 _.S o o o o =< fe S m C.-=^ o> 9 M « >- " .5 £ S c3 c "t jf M» ciO--— '-J= o E o HKOTt-eCJCOOP^O -3 M.C - M •" .S^Q^SggS c c -. _ ^ =5 '^'^ 2 hc 03 c oi-u Q) g-koSo^q CO rtr-l ^rt ..^li-H CO ■. N r>- 00 •-; CO CO 00 05 to CO CO O; "-I "t -^ to to ■^ M ^t^^oioo6 oo6o6aJaJoio6t>^ot^t>^o6t>^a>coo2003tdoJoio6tDt^t^o6 oJ-^iNt-^oot^io ppioppqqqqqqpqo qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqioinqqqqqqqqq o6t>^t6odt>^r^odo6o6'Ot>^odo6o oooor^tdootot^ooodt^^oJoioot-^ooooooooododtddot-^ eoqcoQO'or-r^eoqqc-iqqco "oqtcqt--'-;qoc^cO'^qcqi-H-^i-;t-.qTjHcO"nt^^qtoi'5 tot-;qooi>ooo t^l ^ CO UD lO TjH lO t^ 00 -^ t^ to to to to O O "7 to to lO to to O to CO 03 CO *0 to lO ifj to t>- t* »0 lO C^ O iO to to t>- 1^ -^ o -^ t»e<)p>oq'^oot-.qiNt^-^oot>- uiiocjcopcooooooiqiraqoq'^p'Ht-.rtCqO'^iNt^Tfot^ cicoiNoooTf ooioicoor-^td h^ ^-^ o co oc oi co c^ 06 ^^ --i o oi >-! lo oi -h oqqq«oqqqqqioqqqq>oqooooioooo ooooioioic iOCO'^'*'^iO'0'^"}<'i''0'^tOCO ■«)- CO p ic CO t". •* p t-- p •^ 'Ooq'Oqqcopppi-ii-;ooooppoqpocoooo:(NO >otoo en t~ i-i p t— ■* "O co»o»oioocoioio»oto»ototdtb Tjiioio»otdio-^io»ototd»oiO't}itOiOiO'»s^iotd*^tb»OTjH"^'iO »OT}i»ctd*o»oo pioopppopppoppp popppppppppppppppppppppopp poooppp oocotooooodd'odr-^'oddd do6dLcddt--^r>^o:lt^ 1-1 1-1 rH .-I rt -l (N IM rt r-l rt (N --H (N >-l (M rt r-l oooqp'O'^cO'^'Hp-jjHOjpoqi-; p(Ninp'JCOpT)<(Nh>coppr~t>-rtcot-'-itoooO'nco-H03 coc. t^t^-iCTHio tdt^t^ooco'-'oocidoi'Oiodc^ •-i'0'-Ho6dct>^o6dcoc:o6o6t^ddr^o6o6o6oioii>itdoitD t--t*00COtO00 '-H00O3iO00^^O5'O-^tOCilNC0'-i»OiN^'^05"^C0CMt^CMtO COr-HNCMiCt-lO d 00 00 oi " 00 00 d t~^ cJ 00 00 o> 00 dt^-oooooodddooddddddddddoodddoddd ddd'-. - 03 M , COC0iNCMi-llNrt-H-HCM,-ilNCMlNCO ININTj<,-ilNIN^iO'*INlNIN-HiOCOCOiOIN-HCO-*r-icOCMi-. A C < « bo A a H o U Ofl r «^ « " OS 0) Ort qqqqqqqqqq ic q q t~. q •* 00 00 q q qiocoio tOOt^COTf'Mt^TjioltOO'-it^OstDO lO-^OOOOiOrJ^iOO oocor>.cccoqqc«5c>jqqoor-.>Oi-;oq lOiooo'O'no'noooo oqinq qt>;qq Tt lO •^' Tj< qMoqqc<3qiooqr-.- iooot^c<5cDqoqqt>;oqmoqcoicco-^ _int-^"0 r-IrndddNdddddd-nddd rt rt ^ r-l rt ■-( — ( (N r-( ,^ rtrtrtrt rtr^-Hrt .-H rt ,-1^ ^ ^ -H r ' b--coqt-.qoq^Tjo-*-*oqt~;'H (NC. a> > £ i; 4) ^ "; 3^.T3 Hi ■^ _ S s C" 0) c " o ■- o •B^T3.2-M " o.».o«^«^ 03 C g 33 g U a> O 3 OJ.2 03 cqoCKtaO O S o =3 b'« ■a 0) ^ OJ o X^.SO 4) ^<:0h o3 p S go6S^«3 ■-"o T 3 tj 4) (InOhK^CQ C^ (N —I -< f>. O) lO .->jc ■-Hr-iCMINlMi-irti-ie^CQi-lC^ MMCOMINCOINCOCOMIMCOIN-'l'MeOCSINCO'^ 3 a o O « u « qqqqqoqqqoqoqoqqqqqq codo6odoocjo6o6o6o6o6>oioo6o6tdcd;o« -HiOINOOrHOqcONOOMCO ■N O OS O (N -H rt -<■ OS rt o d q(N(Nqocq-H^qqqco-*iN(Nq(N(Nqt>. ostD"-odio»o»od»oiodd'o>od'0»od i^qio-*c^(N^r^r--(qqiOTj.OTqq.-HoqT) "S « « « .|6^o 5a ^ O 6 c o d d SOs, - o O d ^ ^ ■O-S CO c s S S Ph 5' m « — . i; o ■.o'- >o^ £0 ffii-ihJ^^i-sZpHHi-slziailS a MM ■s a a 3 'S'S d d .Sd-S^OO "'^ g g & & t5 o m m^ £ 2 «j " c c c a) 3 3 o^^-J o • a :Q g," SOo . . t^ u_5> c (5 ^ fl G O 0CLCUT3.S O O O O S sill ^'S'S'S'H c a a a ti,fe^ S-n ^ s 9 o ^ '-fa'' 03 to t>" CO m-C t, a o o r s i ^=3£S 3^^2i_ rt K X' ffi t» •C^^ 3T3-0 C a> o o o a c t. o o ;(!, 3 M « a."T3 c; -a u, a o a c ' 'r,'? o o o 3 ■02"" ^ ^. !z s=^ b°3o^ 3 c3 3 rt S-f > OJ o <^ ; ffi tn « cj <3^-= 3 o o.£?£ 6 « 5 C Q a &^ O << ' 03 oCC 03 >, o3 03 ^ u, o o .CBCC o S9 o m U H en P •n U V V « U. Ph U4 ij 0 <5 CO S S 7; >. < « C > I— 1 « bo « a S o U t-p-H IN t>. M •* p -H t. •>in C0C3W to CO t^ r~ cxj ;o t^ cocorot-HC^ 1 o . OOtOO 00-«o>Ortodo6iot^ co-n'Mt-^oJ iiiiiiiii rt«r-c C^ (N CC IN -^^ ppMoqo t^ •* lO M CO 00 •* lO 00 dr^oo dcdioddi-id r-<-.;F-0>0;0 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO pi « e H o •< z ■< •< d Springfield Rendering Co. Worcester Rendering Co. Worcester Rendering Co. Beach Soap Co. Consolidated Rendering Co. John C. Dow Co. New England Rendering Co. Rogers & Hubbard Co. . United Chemical & Organic Products Universal Products Sales Co. . Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co., Ltd. New England Rendering Co. Russia Cement Co. Chas. M. Struven & Co. . Wilmington Packing Co. . C. E. Buell, Inc. Collis Products Co. Eastern Grain Co. . S. T. Edwards & Co., Inc. S. T. Edwards & Co., Inc. New England By-Products Corp. St. Albans Grain Co. W. G. Slugg .... W. G. Slugg .... m ft, P H Q _ Meat and Bone — Concluded. Springfield Poultry Feed Special Meat Scraps Prosperity Worcester Poultry Feed . Bone. Beach's Star Brand Pure Bone Meal Corenco Bone Meal Dow's Bone Meal for Cattle . Brighton Feeding Bone . Edible Steamed Bone U-Cop-Co Pure Raw Bone for Feed Edible Bone Meal Fish. Gorton's Codfi.sh Meal . Brighton Fish Scrap Chic-Chuk ..... Struven's Fish Meal Fish Meal Milk Products. Buell-Boston Dried Skim Milk Collis Process Pure Dried Skim Milk Pure Dried Skim Milk Powder Butterfly Brand Dry Skim Milk Yankee Brand Dried Buttermilk Gold Seal Dried Skim Milk . Pure Dried Skim Milk Powder Slugg's Pure Dried Skim Milk Slugg's Pure Dried Buttermilk E "^1 ■^CJCO ,-liO,-lC0-HC^C^ Tj-^C^rtM Cslr-i-Ht^iOMCOCON INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 21 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees. (Shortages of less than one per cent in protein or fat or an excess of less than one per cent fiber are not listed.) 1 13 il. O 99 « 3 o o .5 >, c u o o c Manufacturer and Brand. c . a S-3 » •S§3 'go Q ^ C3^ C4 m &H fi. E E. T. Allen Co. 1 1 Empire High Grade Cottonseed Meal American Maize-Products Co. 2.2 7 1 Cream of Corn Gluten Feed American Milling Co. " 1.5 3 1 Amco 12% Fitting Ration. — - 1.4 1 1 Ameo Growing Mash .... \ 1.8 - - 4 1 Amco Egg Mash ..... 1.3 _ — 1 1 Amco Laying Mash with Alfalfa Meal A. P. Ames Co. 1.3 2 1 Egg Mash ...... Arcady Farms Milling Co. 1.4 2 1 Milkers Ready Ration .... Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co. 1.2 3 1 Helmet Brand Prime Cottonseed Meal 1.1 - - 13 1 Paramount Brand Good Cottonseed Meal . E. W. Bailey & Co. 2,3 2 1 Capital Dairy Ration .... Beacon Milling Co., Inc. 1.1 4 1 Beacon Dairy Ration .... 1.8 - - 2 1 Beacon Sweet Feed ..... — 1.2 - 2 9 ( Beacon Special Horse Feed _ - 1.2 £< \ Beacon Special Horse Feed - — 1.2 1 1 Beacon Breeders Mash with Buttermilk Ben-Ford Co. ' 1.9 1 1 4D Laying Mash ..... Butchers Rendering Co. 1.6 2 1 Special Meat Scrap ..... Butman Grain Co. 1.3 3 2 ( Climax Special 20% Dairy Feed 1 Climax Special 20% Dairy Feed - 1.2 1.2 1.3 - 2,4 f Climax Laying Mash .... 2.8 - - 4 4 1 Climax Laying Mash .... 2.1 - - i Climax Laying Mash .... 2.4 — — i Climax Laying Mash .... 2.0 - - Commander Milling Co. 1 1 Commander Standard Middlings Corn Products Refining Co. " 1.4 15 1 Diamond Corn Gluten Meal E. A. Cowee Co. 1.6 2 2 ( Coweco Open Formula Ration \ Coweco Open Formula Ration 1.6 - 3.8 — - 2.7 1 1 Coweco Stock Feed ..... Clarence A. Cowles 1.1 1.5 1 1 Cowles 20% Dairy Ration J. Cushing Co. 2.1 1 1 Quality 2.5% Dairy Feed .... — - 1.0 2 1 Cushing's Open Formula 24% Dairy Feed . - 1.2 - 2 1 Diamond A Dairy Feed .... Cutler Co. 1.1 3.7 1 1 King Dairy Feed with Beet Pulp Sweetened. 3.0 - - 1 1 King Growing Feed ..... ~ ~ 1.4 22 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Continued. T3 o >> o a .2 >. •+J ^ tc • a ■ ■ m ■ o O s o "^ a ic til Manufactxirer and Brand. o g So ■ft OCL, c8 . 1 o Manufacturer and Brand. Qg fl ■ 1^ H 03 oPh S& OO CQ PL( fe S Chas. A. Krause Milliner Co. 9 1 Badger White Hominy Feed Larabee Flour Mills Co. 1.9 3 2 ( Wheat Bran \ Wheat Bran — — 1.1 - - 1.4 Louisville Milling Co., Inc. 4 1 Sonny South Hominy Feed L. B. Lovitt & Co. 1.3 7 1 Lovit Brand 36% Cottonseed Meal . Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd. . 1.5 ' 1 1 Rex Wheat Middhngs .... Maritime Milling Co., Inc. 1.5 2.2 2 1 Marmico Dairy Feed .... 2.3 — 1.4 1 1 Bull Brand Chick Feed .... Memphis Cottonseed Products Co. 1.1 " " t Durham 43% Cottonseed Meal ■1 Durham 43% Cottonseed Meal 1.6 _ — 3 3 2.7 - - [ Durham 43% Cottonseed Meal 2.6 - - Middleport Flour Mills, Inc. 1 1 Angelus Bran ...... Jas. F. Morse & Co. 1.5 1 1 Morse's 55 Beef Scraps .... New England By-Products Corp. 2.2 4 2 ( Blue Seal 50% Meat Scrap 1 Blue Seal 50% Meat Scrap 3.4 - — 1.5 - - New England Rendering Co. 2 1 Brighton Meat Scraps .... 2.8 — — ( Brighton Feeding Bone .... 2.8 4.1 — 3 3 i Brighton Feeding Bone .... [ Brighton Feeding Bone .... - 4.2 — — 4.2 — 1 1 Brighton Fish Scrap ..... Newton Feed Co. 1.1 1 1 Institutional 24% Dairy Feed . Niagara Falls Milling Co. 3.1 4 1 Niagara Choice Wheat Bran Willis Norton Co. 1.3 1 1 Wheat White Shorts .... Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd. 2.9 [ Ogilvie's Wheat Bran .... 1.6 — - 4 3 I Ogilvie's Wheat Bran .... 1.8 _ — [ Ogilvie's Wheat Bran .... 1.2 - - Ontario Milling Co., Inc. 3 2 1 Uncle John's 24% Cream Pot Ration 1.3 - — 1 Uncle John's 24% Cream Pot Ration - — 1.0 5 2 1 Big Value Dairy Feed .... - - 1.1 \ Big Value Dairy Feed .... - - 1.2 3 1 Oswego Egg Mash ..... 1.1 — — 1 1 Uncle John's Stock Feed .... - - 1.1 2 1 Uncle John's Molasses Stock Feed Louis E. Page 1.2 3 2 f Sunshine Poultry Greens .... \ Sunshine Poultry Greens .... 2.9 - - 1.7 - - Park & Pollard Co. 1 1 Chelsea Horse Feed ..... ~ ~ 2.4 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Continued. Manufacturer and Brand OPL, Pecos Valley Alfalfa Mill Co. f Alfalfa Leaf .Meal , ■I Alfalfa Leaf Meal . [ Alfalfa Leaf Meal . Postum Co., Inc. Burt's Dairy Feed 24% . Burt's Dairy Feed 24% . , Burt's Dairy Feed 24% . [ Burt's Dairy Feed 24% . Pratt Food Co. Pratt's Victory Laying Masti with Buttermilk Quaker Oats Co. ( Bell Cow Bran 1 Bell Cow Bran White Hominy Feed Quaker Boss 24% Dairy Ration Quaker 16% Protein Dairy Feed Quaker Ful-0-Pep Egg Mash E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co. Rauh's Meato .... John Reardon & Sons Co. Reardon's Meat Scraps 60% Reardon's Meat Scraps 55% Reuben W. Ropes [ Ropes Poultry Hash ■I Ropes Poultry Hash Ropes Poultry Hash Ropes Growing Feed Ropes Growing Feed Russell & Macaulay ( Chickfalfa . I Chickfalfa . St. Albans Grain Co. Wirthmore Wheat Feed Hygrade 24% Dairy Feed Sweetened Wirthmore Dairy Feed with Beet Pulp Sweet ened ...... W^irthmore Laying Mash with Buttermilk (Wirthmore Poultry Greens Wirthmore Poultry Greens Wirthmore Poultry Greens Wirthmore Poultry Greens I Wirthmore Poultry Greens [ Wirthmore Poultry Greens Wirthmore Buttermilk Baby Chick Food A. W. Scott Co. f Atlas Poultry Greens \ Atlas Poultry Greens Sheffield Elevator Co. Alpine Bran ..... Sherwin-Williams Co., of Canada, Ltd, / Old Process Oil Meal \ Old Process Oil Meal Standard Milling Co. of Canada, Ltd. Wheat Bran ..... Stratton & Co. ( Stratton & Co.'s Mixed Feed . 1 Stratton & Co.'s Mixed Feed . 1.5 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.6 5.0 3.7 3.4 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 4.2 5.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.1 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 25 Feeds Not Conforming to Guarantees — Concluded. 73 g| >) a a >> CJ o2 CC . c . m o a 1 C3 Manufacturer and Brand. qS oPl, •5 c 'go ■gCL, .Set, 03 £B £ f^ £ J. A. Sturges & Co. 2 I Jasco Stock Feed ..... 1 Jasco Stock Feed ..... — _ 1 2 2 - - 2.4 C. H. Symmes 2 1 Ideal Dairy Ration ..... Toledo Grain & Milling Co. 1.1 " 1 1 Camp's Winter Wheat Bran United Chemical & Organic Products Co. " 1.3 2 2 / U-Cop-Co Pure Raw l-5ono 1 U-Cop-Co Pure Raw Bone - l.S _ 1.2 1.1 - Vitality Mills, Inc. 1 1 Advance 20% Dairy Feed 1.5 _ _ 3 2 1 Will Pay Dairy Ration . 2.0 - 1.4 \ Will Pay Dairy Ration — - 1.0 f Advance Stock Feed - - 5.0 1 Advance Stock Feed _ _ 7.5 5 5 I Advance Stock Feed - 3.3 1 Advance Stock Feed _ 4.0 [ Advance Stock Feed - - 1.9 C. P. Washburn Co. 3 1 Made Right Wheat Feed .... 1.1 _ _ 2 1 Made Right Dry Mash .... 1.3 _ _ Made Right White Stock Feed 2.0 _ _ 3 3 Made Right White Stock Feed - - 2.0 Made Right White Stock Feed 2.0 - 5.5 H. K. Webster Co. 4 1 Blue Seal Improved Balanced Ration . 1.1 _ _ 4 1 Blue Seal Open Formula Dairy Feed . 1.3 — _ 5 1 Bhie Seal Standard Dairy Feed . — _ 1.7 1 1 Blue Seal Meato Buttermilk Mash 1.3 - 1.7 5 1 Blue Seal All-iMash Ration Worcester Rendering Co. 1.9 Special Meat Scraps .... 1.7 - — 6 3 ■ Special Meat Scraps .... 2.1 - _ Special Meat Scraps .... 6.5 - -. 3 1 Prosperity Worcester Poultry Food 1.5 ~ - 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 Results of Inspection Of the 1,670 samples of feed collected, 53 per cent were straight by-products and 47 per cent mixtiires containing two or more ingredients. It might be sup- posed that mixtures of feeding stuffs made under careful supervision would con- form more closely to guarantee than the by-product feeds resulting from a single mining process where the primary interest is to secure a satisfactory product for human consumption. The following table indicates that blended feeds- as a whole are Uttle better than the ingredients which go into them in maintaining consistent uniformity for protein, fat and fiber content, and that there is a lack of care in properly blending the components of a mixed feed so as to maintain a uniform product at all times. Samples Collected. Variations Found (Per Cent). Protein Deficient. Fat Deficient. Fiber Overrun. Prepared Feeds ...... Unmixed Feeds ...... 793 877 7.0 7.2 0.6 0.8 5.7 3.6 It has been charged that rations locally mixed by the retailer who does not have facihties for the selection and checking of the products which go into his mixtures are subject to greater variation than those made by feed manufacturers. This is in a measure true. There are, however, feed manufacturers whose products are open to criticism on account of numerous variations from guarantee, as well as local mixers whose records are excellent in this respect. In the following table an attempt has been made to indicate in terms of per- centage how closely feed manufacturers and local mixers come to maintaining uniformitv. Samples Collected. Variations Found (Per Cent). Protein Deficient. Fat Deficient. Fiber Overrun. Manufacturers ...... Local mixers ...... 536 257 5.8 10.1 0.6 0.8 5.0 7.4 It would appear from the preceding table that the manufacturer whose business is of sufRcient volume to warrant laboratory control has the advantage in manu- facturing a uniform product. In a number of instances wheat by-products exceeded the fiber standards set by the Association of Feed Control Officials and were considered as incor- rectly named and classified. The maximum fiber content allowed for the Hard Spring Wheat offals is: Standard MiddUngs, 9 . 5 per cent Flour Middlings, 6 . 0 per cent Red Dog Flour, 4 . 0 per cent Wheat Mixed Feed (Mill Run), 9.5 per cent The Canadian wheat by-products, of which there is an increasing amount sold in New England, tended to run low in protein and high in fiber. Investigation INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 27 developed the fact that this was due very largely to dimatic conditions which affected the wheat crop. As the Canadian wheat offals are free from screenings and of general good quality, no attempt was made to have the goods re-guaran- teed. The condition was temporary and will no doubt correct itself. The standards for Alfalfa Products, adopted by the Association of Feed Control Officials, are: — Alfalfa Meal is the product obtained from the grinding of the entire alfalfa hay, without the addition of any alfalfa stems, alfalfa straw or foreign material, or the abstraction of leaves. It must be reasonably free from other crop plants and weeds, and must not contain more than 33 per cent of crude fiber. Alfalfa Leaf Meal is the ground product consisting chiefly of leafy materials separated from alfalfa hay. It must be reasonably free from other crop plants and weeds and must not contain more than 18 per cent of crude fiber. Alfalfa Stem Meal is the ground product remaining after the separation of the leafy material from alfalfa hay or meal. It must be reasonably free from other crop plants and weeds. The relation of guarantee to actual analysis for the alfalfa products was far from satisfactory. Of the thirty-six samples reported, sixteen showed either a deficiency in protein or an excess of fiber, or both. Six samples of Wirthmore Poultry Greens collected were all deficient. In justice to the jobbers it may be said that the goods were bought in good faith and when attention was called to the quahty of the product new guarantees were attached and the brand discon- tinued. The Federal Department of Agriculture, acting under the authority of the Food and Drugs Act, have drawn numerous samples of so-called alfalfa leaf meal and have also made many prosecutions which should have the effect of plac- ing its sale on a better basis. It is quite evident that milHng processes are faulty or that the demand for alfalfa leaf meal exceeds the supply. The table of deficiencies is worthy of careful study both by the purchaser and by the manufacturers and jobbers whose names appear therein. While a defi- ciency of one per cent in protein, one per cent in fat, or an overrun of one per cent in fiber is not necessarily serious and should not in every case be made the basis for prosecution, it is believed that especially for feeds containing several ingredients it is possible without undue hardship to make products which will not vary from the limits set. Microscopic Examination Five hundred and eighty-three samples of feeding stuffs were submitted to microscopic analysis, of which only nine showed a variation from guaranteed components. In most instances these variations could be attributed to acci- dental rather than intentional adulteration. The feeds in which the listed ingredients do not correspond to microscopic analysis follow: King Dairy Feed with Beet Pulp Cutler Co. A small amount of brewers grains found; not declared. White Stock Feed J. B. Garland & Son Salt and calcium carbonate de- clared; not detected. Greene's Grofast Chick Mash and Greene Chick Feed Co. Cocoa shells found; not declared. Greene's Laymor Mash These feeds are no longer manu- factured. M. G. C. Laying Mash Marshall Grain Co., Inc. Kaffir corn meal found; not de- clared. R-Own Dairy Ration (2 samples) Rockdale Mills Brewers grains found; not de- clared. 28 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 Shea's Mash Feed Advance Stock Feed John Shea Vitality Mills, Inc. Charcoal found; not declared. Trace of gluten feed or gluten meal found; not declared. The feeds listed below contained an appreciable content of unground weed seeds. Germination tests were not made in order to determine if their power of growth had been destroyed. Milker Ready Ration Producer 20% Ready Ration Climax Laying Mash (2 samples) Perfect Dry Mash (2 samples) Elmore Stock Feed Otsego Economy Ration Conestoga 18 Dairy Feed Lancaster Mixing Feed Bull Brand Dairy Ration (2 samples) Hi-Test Dairy Feed (Sweetened) Jersey Dry Mash Marmico Dairy Feed with Molasses (2 .samples) Quaker 16% Protein Dairy Ration Arcady Farms Milhng Co. Butman Grain Co. J. B. Cover & Co. Elmore Milling Co., Inc. John W. Eshelman & Sons Maritime Milling Co., Inc. Quaker Oats Co. The microscopic examinations made serve to emphasize the fact that prepared feeds are as a whole dependable. Stock Remedies or Conditioners From time to time there have been sold in Massachusetts certain live-stock remedies which, in addition to any small merit they may possess, carry as a further inducement to promote their sale certain features such as insurance against disease or a guarantee to furnish free veterinary service during the period when the remedy is being used. So far as noted, no guarantee, expressed or im- plied, as to just what the use of these materials will accomplish is attached to the package or container. The statements of guarantee are so intangible and general in their nature that their meaning is difficult to interpret, and therefore conviction under the Federal Food and Drugs Act or State Law is practically impossible. The guarantees do, however, state the name of the material, the ingredients of which it is composed (but not the percentage of each ingredient), the net weight of the package, and the name and address of the manufacturer. Apparently all statements relative to the efficacy of the remedies are made orally by a ghb salesman or through correspondence. In September, 1928, notice came to the Experiment Station from a dealer in Franklin County who had in stock 156 twenty-five pound sacks of a remedy which he had purchased at the rate of twenty-five cents a pound, giving his note in payment. This shipment carried an agreement in which each user was guar- anteed free veterinary service while the feed was in use. The feed purported to contain sulphur, sulphate of iron, magnesium sulphate, fenugreek seed, charcoal and sodium chloride (common salt). A partial analysis gave the following results: Water ......... Common salt ....... Magnesium sulphate ...... Insoluble matter (charcoal, sulphur, fenugreek seed, etc.) Sulphate of iron ....... Per cent 2.8 90.0 1.2 6.0 trace INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 29 According to figures taken from a wholesale drug list, the price of these ingre- dients is approximately: Per Pound ouipiiui ..... Sulphate of iron .... .10 Magnesium sulphate .04 Fenugreek seed .... .17 Powdered charcoal .25 Sodium chloride .... .015 At the prices for which these ingredients can be purchased, and with 90 per cent of salt in the mixture, it could be sold at a good profit at the rate of five cents a pound. While its sale can be considered nothing less than fraud, yet it was so carefully planned as to leave no loophole for legal procedure against it. It is suggested that dealers who are solicited to act as agents for ] roducts of this sort request samples of the materials for examination before entering into a contract for their purchase. 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 Average Analyses and Retail Prices of Unmixed By-Products. Nitro- Num- gen ber Water Protein Fat Free Fiber Ash Price Feedbtuffs. Year.i of (Per (Per (Per Ex- (Per (Per per Sam- Cent). Cent). Cent). tract Cent). Cent.) Ton. ples (Per Cent). Cottonseed Meal 1926 62 7.0 39.7 7.0 29.6 11.1 5.6 $51 36 Cottonseed Meal 1927 98 7.2 39.2 7.1 29.1 11.2 6.2 43 14 Cottonseed Meal 1928 76 7.0 39.0 6.9 30.0 11.1 6.0 53 48 Cottonseed Meal 1929 72 7.0 38.5 6.8 .30.2 11.1 6.4 57 84 Linseed Meal . 1926 18 8.7 35.4 6.5 36.9 7.8 4.7 58 00 Linseed Meal . 1927 24 9.0 34.6 6.4 37.2 7.6 5.2 57 08 Linseed Meal . 1928 27 9.1 35.1 6.0 36.8 8.0 5.0 59 37 Linseed Meal . 1929 33 8.6 34.3 6.0 37.4 8.2 5.5 66 68 Gluten Meal . 1926 7 8.2 41.6 2.9 43.1 3.0 1.2 58 17 Gluten Meal . 1927 13 9.0 42.3 3.2 42.2 1.8 1.5 54 25 Gluten Meal . 1928 11 8.7 43.6 3.2 41.2 1.9 1.4 56 70 Gluten Meal . 1929 15 9.0 40.8 3.2 42.5 3.1 1.4 64 79 Gluten Feed . 1926 21 8.6 25.7 2.4 51.1 7.5 4.7 46 93 Gluten Feed . 1927 38 9.4 25.7 2.8 49.9 7.0 5.2 45 22 Gluten Feed . 1928 45 8.7 26.0 2.8 49.8 7.2 5.5 49 00 Gluten Feed . 1929 48 8.9 26.8 2.2 48.5 7.4 6.2 54 05 Wheat Standard Middlings 1926 29 9.6 17.2 5.9 56.1 7.0 4.2 41 26 Wheat Standard Middlings 1927 47 10.3 17.4 5.4 55.2 7.2 4.5 40 13 Wheat Standard Middlings 1928 55 9.8 17.0 5.9 55.4 7.6 4.3 46 27 Wheat Standard Middlings 1929 42 9.6 16.3 5.8 56.4 7.6 4.3 43 78 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1926 21 10.0 17.1 5.4 58.5 5.4 3.6 43 11 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1927 18 10.1 17.2 5.0 58.4 5.2 4.1 44 18 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1928 17 10.0 16.3 5.2 59.6 5.3 3.6 52 00 Wheat Flour Middlings . 1929 21 10.4 16.5 5.2 59.2 5.1 3.6 49 47 Red Dog Flour 1926 11 10.5 16.8 4.6 62.8 2.4 2.9 52 14 Red Dog Flour 1927 15 10.9 17.6 4.5 62.1 2.2 2.7 51 79 Red Dog Flour 1928 11 10.5 16.5 4.2 64.8 1.7 2.3 60 87 Red Dog Flour 1929 15 10.6 16.7 4.7 62.5 2.6 2.9 55 64 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1926 72 9.4 16.0 5.2 58.1 6.8 4.5 44 46 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1927 70 9.7 17.2 4.9 56.9 6.6 4.7 42 65 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1928 77 9.8 16.5 5.2 56.5 7.3 4.7 47 80 Wheat Mixed Feed . 1929 75 9.7 16.1 5.2 57 0 7.3 4.7 48 06 Wheat Bran . 1926 70 8.7 15.4 5.7 55.1 9.5 5.6 39 36 Wheat Bran . 1927 97 9.7 16.3 5.1 .53.7 9.4 5.8 39 63 Wheat Bran . 1928 95 9.5 15.7 5.4 53.6 10.1 5.7 43 28 Wheat Bran . 1929 88 9.6 15.1 5.4 53.3 10.7 5.9 42 74 Rye Feed 1926 _ _ _ _ _ - - - Rye Feed 1927 4 10.1 15.1 2.9 65.8 3.3 2.8 33 67 Rye Feed 1928 6 9.8 14.8 3.1 64.0 4.6 3.7 41 20 Rye Feed 1929 4 9.8 15.6 3.3 62.9 4.9 3.5 39 50 Corn Meal 1926 25 12.6 9.1 3.8 71.0 2.1 1.4 45 86 Corn Meal 1927 19 11.8 9.2 3.9 71.2 2.2 1.7 41 00 Corn Meal 1928 23 11.9 9.3 4.0 71.0 2.4 1.4 47 33 Corn Meal 1929 40 12.5 8.8 4.3 70.6 2.3 1.5 47 91 Ground Oats . 1927 52 8.6 12.1 5.0 61.1 9.7 3.5 44 90 Ground Oats . 1928 48 8.8 11.5 4.9 61.0 10.4 3.4 49 97 Ground Oats . 1929 66 9.6 11.5 4.9 60.6 10.2 3.2 47 20 Hominy Feed . 1926 37 9.2 10.7 6.1 67.3 4.1 2.6 43 15 Hominy Feed . 1927 47 9.4 10.8 6.6 66.4 4.1 2.7 41 82 Hominy Feed . 1928 44 9.5 10.8 6.7 66.2 4.3 2.5 49 18 Hominy Feed . 1929 40 9.4 10.5 6.4 66.6 4.5 2.6 48 58 Dried Beet Pulp 1926 12 7.0 9.4 0.8 60.1 18.7 4.0 50 09 Dried Beet Pulp 1927 11 9.6 9.3 0.9 ,57.4 19.3 3.5 49 09 Dried Beet Pulp 1928 11 8.6 8.6 0.8 60.1 18.7 3.2 47 82 Dried Beet Pulp 1929 18 8.3 8.9 0.8 59.3 19.1 3.6 55 38 Oat Feed 1926 6 5.5 5.8 2.4 53.5 26.8 6.0 25 50 Oat Feed 1927 3 6.7 6.5 3.0 54.3 23.7 5.8 34 00 Oat Feed 1928 4 5.8 4.8 2.1 51 7 29.3 6.3 29 00 Oat Feed 1929 4 6.1 5.4 2.8 51.6 28.8 5.3 21 50 From September 1 to April 30 of each year. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 31 Directory of Manufacturers Who Registered Feeding Stuffs for Sale in the State in 1929. Albers Bros. Milling Co., Tacoma, Wa.sh. (Registered for Ernest W. Fry & Son.) Alfalfa Products Co., Toppenish, Wash. E. T. Allen Co., P. O. Box 9.)1, Atlanta, Ga. American Maize-Products Co., 41 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. American Milling Co , Peoria, 111. A. P. Ames Co., 10 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., 223 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Atkinson Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Aunt Jemima iNIills Branch, Quaker Oats Co., St. Joseph, Mo. E. W. Bailey & Co., Montpelier, Vt. H. J. Baker & Bro., 271 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, Mass. Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y. Ben-Ford Co., South Deerfield, Mass. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Big Diamond Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Black Rock Milling Corp., 3.56 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. Bradlev & Baker, 420 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. (Registered for Universal Products Sales Co.) F. W. Brode Corp., Memphis, Tenn. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Co. of North America.) C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Buffalo Flour Mills Corp., 731 Chamber of Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain Co., Lynn, Mass. Caledonia Mills, Inc., St. Johnsbury, Vt. California Hawaiian Milling Co., 330 Ritch St., San Francisco, Cal. Canada Linseed Oil Mills, Ltd., Montreal and Toronto, Canada. A. B. Caple Co., Station A, Toledo, Ohio. Chapin & Co., 327 South LaSalle St., Chicago, IlL Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. CoUis Products Co., Clinton, Iowa. Commander Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Consolidated Rendering Co., Boston, Mass. Copeland Flour Mills, Ltd., Midland, Ont., Canada. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery PL, New York, N. Y. J. B. Cover & Co., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Clarence A. Cowles, Plantsville, Conn. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Lake-of-the-Woods Milling Co., Ltd., Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Sherwin-Williams Co. of Canada, Ltd., and Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd.) Crosby Milhng Co., Brattleboro, Vt. H. A. Grossman Co., Needham, Mass. (Registered by J. Cusning Co.) Cunningham Grain Co., Maiden, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. (Registered also for H. A. Grossman Co., and Wetherbee Grain Store.) J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. (Registered by St. Albans Grain Co.) G. C. Davison Milling Corp., Geneva, N. Y. J. W. Day & Co., 14."> Oxford St., Lynn, Mass. Decatur Milling Co., Decatur, 111. Delaware Mills, Inc., Deposit, N. Y. Denver Alfalfa Milling and Products Co., Lamar, Colo. Dewey Bros. Co., Blanchester, Ohio. F. Diehl & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. P. A. Doherty, 20 Central St., Peabody, Mass. Dominion Flour Mills, Ltd., 300 St. Ambroise St., Montreal, Que., Canada. Dominion Linseed Oil Co., Ltd., 31 Mill St., Montreal, Que., Canada. Jotin C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Duluth-Superior Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. Duluth Universal Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. J. Ij. Dunnell & Son, Bernardston, Mass. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers' Exchange, Inc., East Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern Grain Co., Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Box 1482, Springfield, Mass. S. T. Edwards & Co., Inc.. 110 North Frankhn St., Chicago, 111. Elmore Milling Co., Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Empire Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Penn. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Fairmont Creamery Co., Omaha. Neb. F. A. Fales & Co., Norwood, Mass. Farmers Feed Co., .'532 East 76th St., New York, N. Y. Federal Mill & Elevator Co., Inc., Lookport, N. Y. Fleischmann Co., Chicago, 111. Flory Milling Co., Inc., Bangor, Penn. Flynn-Winslow Co., Washington, N. C. Fred A. Fountain, 35.5 Tremont St., Taunton, Mass. 32 CONTROL SERIES No. 50 Fraser Milk Products Co., Inc., Fraser, N. Y. Ernest W. Fry & Son, Prosser, Wash. (Registered by Albers Bros. Milling Co.) E. & A. M. Fullerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. (Registered for Washburn Crosby Co.) Gilmore Grain Co., 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. Glen Mills Cereal Co., Newburyport, Mass. Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co., Ltd., 327 Main St., Gloucester, Mass. D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Hales & Hunter Co., Chicago, 111. Frank B. Ham & Co., Ltd., 1506 Royal Bank Bldg., Toronto 2, Ont., Canada. William Hamilton & Son, Inc.,Honeoye Falls, N. Y. Hecker-H-O Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 503 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-.Iewell Milling Co., 40 Corlears St., New York, N. Y. Hershey Creamery Co., Harrisburg, Penn. W. D. Higgins Co., Framingham, Ma.ss. Hinckley Rendering Co., Somerville, Mass. Hirst &'Begley Linseed Works, 2013 Mendel St., Chicago, III. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Gloucester, Mass. Home Soap Co., 103 Webster St., Worcester, Mass. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. R. B. Howlett, Amnerst, Mass. Hubbard Milling Co., Mankato, Minn. J. C. Hubinger Bros. Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. International Glue Co., East Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Jaquith & Co., Woburn, Mass. Jersee Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Judith Milling Co., Lewistown, Mont. Kansas Flour Mills Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Kelloggs & Miller, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. King Midas Mill Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Chas. A. Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Lake-of-the-Woods Milling Co., Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Larabee Flour Mills Co., Kansas City, Mo. Larrowe Milling Co., Box 68, North End Station, Detroit, Mich. Louisville Milling Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., North Billerica, Mass. Mansfield Milling Co., P. O. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont., Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Marble Ridge Grain Co., North Andover, Mass. Marianna Sales Co., IMemphis, Tenn. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., Lynn, Mass. Marshall Grain Co., Inc., 49 Central St., Salem, Mass. C J. Martenis Grain Co., L-3 Produce Exchange, New York, N. Y. (Registered also for Spillers Canadian Milling Co.) W. T. McLaughlin Co., 16 Railroad St., West Roxbury, Mass. Meech & Stoddard, Inc., Middletown, Conn. Mellin's Food Co. of North America, 177 State St., Boston, Mass. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros.) Memphis Cottonseed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn. Mennel Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. Middleport Flour Mills, Inc., Middleport, N. Y. Midland Flour Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. Miner-Hillard Milling Co., Wilkes-Barre, Penn. Minneapolis Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. Jas. F. Morse & Co., Boston, Mass. Moseley & Motley Milling Co., JMill St., foot of Brown St., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milhng Co., Mt. Vernon, Ind. Narragansett Milling Co., East Providence, R. I. National Milling Co., 2221 Front St., Toledo, Ohio. Nebraska Consohdated Mills Co., 1513 Sherman Ave., Omaha. Neb. New England By-Prdoucts Corp., Lawrence, Mass. New England Rendering Co., Rear 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. New Richmond Roller Mills, New Richmond, Wis. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Pittsburgh, Penn. Niagara Falls Milling Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Northwestern Consolidated Milhng Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Willis Norton Co., Topeka, Kans. Nowak Milhng Corp., Hammond, Ind. Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada. Ontario Mining Co., Inc., Oswego, N. Y. .,,,,, ,,.,.. ^ v Louis E. Page, 469 Rutherford Ave., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Sunnyside Alfalfa Milling Co.) Park & Pollard Co., 3.56 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtucket, R. I. Pecos Valley Alfalfa Mill Co., Hagerman, N. M. Penick & Ford Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 33 Postum Co., Inc., Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter & Sons, Inc., Greenfield, Mass. Prairie State Milling Co., Chicago, 111. Pratt Food Co., Haniinond, Ind. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills. (Registered by Ralston Purina Co.) Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. (Registered for Purina Mills.) John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge, Mass. Red Wing Milling Co., Red Wing, Minn. George H. Reed, South Acton, Mass. Robin Hood Mills, Ltd., Moose Jaw and Calgary, Canada. Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Reuben W. Ropes, 5 Hobart St., Danvers, Mass. N. Roy & Son, Rear 618 Newport Ave., Attleboro, Mass. Royal Milling Co., Great Falls, Mont. Russell & Macaulay, Sacramento, Cal. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Ryde & Co., Chicago, 111. Ryther & Warren, Belchertown, Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. (Registered also for Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass.) St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Montreal, Que., Canada. A. W. Scott Co., San Francisco, Cal. John Shea, 201 Lowell St., Lawrence, Mass. Sheffield Elevator Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Sherwin-Williams Co., 601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. Sherwin-Williams Co. of Canada, Ltd., Winnipeg, Man., Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Shredded Wheat Sales, Inc., Niagara Falls, N. Y. W. H. Shurtleff Co., 2K> Union Wharf, Portland, Maine. W. G. Slugg, Milwaukee, Wis. Allen V. Smith, Inc., Marcellus Falls, N. Y. Southwestern Milling Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. H. C. Southworth, West Stoughton, Mass. Spillers Canadian MilUng Co., Ltd., Calgary, Alta., Canada. (Registered by C. J. Martenia Grain Co. ) Spratt's Patent Ltd., Newark, N. J. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111. Standard Milling Co. of Canada, Ltd., 67 Yonge St., Toronto, Ont., Canada. Star and Crescent Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc., Hagerstown, Md. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. Chas. M. Struven & Co., 114-116 South Frederick St., Baltimore, Md. J. A. Sturges & Co., Easthampton, Mass. Sunnyside Alfalfa Milling Co., Sunnyside, Wash. (Registered by Louis E. Page.) Swift & Co., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, lU. C. H. Symmes, Winchester, Mass. Syracuse Milling Co., Box 1141, Syracuse, N. Y. Tioga-Empire Feed Mills, Inc., Waverly, N. Y. Toledo Grain & MiUing Co., Toledo, Ohio. Torrence, Vary & Co., 45 Alley St., Lynn, Mass. Traders Feed & Grain Co., Chamber Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. Jacob Trinley & Sons, Linfield, Penn. Troy Dairy Products Corp., Troy, Penn. Ubiko Milling Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Union Sales Corp., Columbus, Ind. (Registered for Union Starch & Refining Co.) Union Starch & Refining Co., Columbus, Ind. (Registered by Union Sales Corp.) United Chemical & Organic Products Co., 4100 South Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Universal Products Sales Co., New York, N. Y. (Registered by Bradley & Baker.) Upper Hudson Rye Flour Mills, Inc., Troy, N. Y. Victor Flour Mills, Inc., Pittsford, N. Y. Vitahtv Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. Wabasha Roller Mill Co., Wabasha, Minn. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Washburn Crosby Co. (Registered by General Mills, Inc.) Wayland Grain Co., Inc., Wayland, ^Iass. Wayne County Grangers Feed Corp., Clyde, N. Y. H. K. Webster Co., I^awrence, Mass. F. S. Wertz & Son, Reading, Penn. Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Toronto, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) West-Nesbitt, Inc., 30-32 Market St., Oneonta, N. Y. Wetherbee Grain Store, Gardner, Mass. (Registered by J. Cushing Co.) Arthur N. Whittemore & Co., Worcester, Mass. Whittemore Co., 35 Harrison St., Roslindale, Mass. Wilkinson Grain Co., Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada. Estate of M. G. Williams, Taunton, Mass. Wilmington Packing Co., Eames St., Wilmington, Mass. Wilson & Co., 4200 South Ashland St., Chicago, lU. Wisconsin Milling Co., Menomonie, Wis. Wolverton Flour Mills Co., Ltd., St. Marys, Ont., Canada, Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 51 NOVEMBER, 1929 Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers By H. D. Haskins, H. R. DeRose, M. W. Goodwin and J. W. Kuzmeski This is the fifty-sixth report of the Massachusetts Fertilizer Control, made in accordance with Chapter 94, Sections 250 to 261, inclusive, of Massachusetts General Laws 1920. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and FiNANCB 2,500. l-'30. No. 7552. CONTROL SERIES No. 51 BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH REPORT OF MASSACHUSETTS FERTILIZER CONTROL Brands registered and sampled. Prices of crude stock fertilizer materials. Fertilizer valuations. Tonnage of fertilizers and plant food sold. New England Standard Nine and their relation to tonnage sold. Deficiency statistics as applied to each manufacturer. Mixing efficiency table as appUed to the larger firms. Table showing composition of 19 samples of mixed fertilizer having commercial shortage of over $1 per ton and involving 7 manufacturers. Table showing composition of mixed fertilizers substantially complying with guarantees. Detailed analyses of unmixed materials which include 20 analyses of a variety of substances found deficient more than $1 per ton. Definitions and interpretations relating to fertiUzers. Vegetation pot experiment on 19 organic nitrogen substances including all of the processed low grade nitrogen materials that could be secured through trade channels. Directory of Manufacturers. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1929 By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist, assisted by H. Robert DeRose, M. W. Goodwin, and John W. Kuzmeski. MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS Since January 1, 1929, 104 firms or individuals have registered for sale in Massachusetts 604 brands of mixed fertilizers and fertilizing materials. The following classification shows the general nature of these products: Complete fertilizers 365 Ammoniated superphosphates 2 Superphosphates with potash 2 Ground bone, tankage, and dry ground fish 66 Fertilizer simples, including organic nitrogen compounds 147 Pulverized maniu-es 17 Wood ashes 2 Peat products 2 Stone meal 1 Total 604 The sampUng agents were not successful in securing samples of the following brands: 1 John B. Ziflin«ki, Jr., assisted in the nitrogen laboratory about two months. SampUng agents: James T. Howard, George H. Kelton, R. G. Tonseth and C. L. Whiting. Clerk: Cora B. Grover. CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. Manufacturer and Brand. | Grade, (a) Manufacturer and Brand. Grade, (a) American Cyanamid Co. Ammo-Phos-Ko No. 3 Anglo-Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp. Nitrate of Soda Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Potato and Vege- table 2-8-10 Carbonate of Potash Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Crop 5-8-5 . Armour's Big Crop 7-12-7 NPK 9-27-9 . Ground Tankage F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co. ^ , Bartlett Green Tree Food Collins Seed Service Co. Anti-Clover Manure General Purpose Manure . Collins Sheep Manure Consolidated Rendering Co. Blood Tankage 12% Davey Tree Expert Co. Davey Shredded Cattle Manure Eastern States Farmers' Exchange E. S. Open Formula 8-16-16, Potash from Sulphate . E. S. Basic Slag Phosphate E. S. Calcium Nitrate Coding & Edwards, Inc. Domestic Fertilizer . Hyper-Humus Co. Hyper-Humus International Agricultural Corp. I. A. C. Onion & Vegetable Kelloggs & Miller, Inc. K & iSI Pure Old Process Linseed Oil Meal . Maine Farmers Exchange M F.E. Produce-More 4-6- 10 . . • • M.F.E. Produce-More .50% Muriate of Potash Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Pure Ground Bone . Miller Fertilizer Co. Miller's Crop Grower 5-8-7 Miller's Top Dresser 8-6-6. Bone Meal Nitrate of Soda 10 (12.16)-30-10 15.5 (18.24)-0-0 1.64 (2)-8-10 0-0-60 4.11 (5)-8-5 5.76 (7)-12-7 9 (10.94)-27-9 7.4 (9)-6.87-0 4.94 (6)-7-4 6.58 (8)-5-l 2.47 (3)-10-2 1.65 (2)-l-2 9.87 (12)-0-0 1 (1.22)-1-1 8 (9.73)-16-16 0-14.4-0 15 (18.24)-0-0 4.94 (6)-8-2 .5 (.61) -0-0 2.47 (3)-8-6 5.44 (6.61)-0-0 3.3 (4)-G-10 0-0-50 3.29 (4) -20-0 4.11 (5)-8-7 6.58 (8)-6-6 2.47 (3)-22.88-0 15 (18.24)-0-0 Miller Fertilizer Co. — Con Sulphate of Ammonia Miller's Superphosphate 16% . Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co Inc. Carbonate of Potash Pawtucket Rendering Co. Animal Brand 3-8-4 Pawtucket 8-6-6 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc. Harvest Brand 5-8-7 Rogers & Hubbard Co. Cranberry Grower . F. S. Royster Guano Co. Royster's Top Dresser Royster's Nitrate of Soda. Royster's 16% Superphos- phate .... Standard Wholesale Phos- phate & Acid Works, Inc. High Analysis . Jumbo Potato Grower Mammoth Potato Grower Rainbow Brand Royal Potato Grower Truckers Fish Guano Wonder Brand 5 X 12 X 7 Raw Bone Meal Sulphate of Ammonia Animal Tankage Animal Tankage William Thomson & Sons, Ltd. Thomson's Special Top- dressing Manure . Thomson's Vine, Plant & Vegetable Manure Uniform Products Co., Inc. Green Life Victory Fertilizer Corp. Victory Humus Virginia-Carolina Chemi- cal Corp. V-C Aroostook Potato Grower V-C Tip-Top Top Dresser Sheep & Goat Manure Wessel, Duval & Co. Nitrate of Soda Wilcox Fertilizer Co. Nitrate of Soda Worcester Rendering Co. Prosperity Brand Complete Dressing 20.56 (25)-0-0 0-16-0 0-0-65 2.47 (3)-8-4 6.58 (8)-6-6 4.11 (5)-8-7 4.93 (6) -6-4 6.58 (8)-6-6 15 (18.24)-0-0 0-16-0 3.3 (4)-16-4 5.76 (7)-6-5 1.65 (2)-8-10 1.65 (2)-12-2 3.3 (4)-8-7 2.47 (3)-8-3 3.3 (4)-8-8 4.11 (5)-12-7 3.7 (4.5)-22-0 20.56 (25)-0-0 8.22 (10)-4.57-0 5.76 (7)-9.15-0 4 (4.86)-7-2.5 3 (3.65)-7-4 2.07 (2.52)-.2.5-4 .5 (.61)-0-0 4.11 (5)-8-7 5.76 (7)-6-5 1.35 (1.64)-l-2 15.25 (18.54)-0-0 14.8 (18)-0-0 4.92 (6)-6-4 (a) Grade is expressed in terms of nitrogen, ammonia (figures in parentheses) , available phc phoric acid, and potash. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 5 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES. For about ten weeks, beginning April 1, four sampling agents were employed in drawing representative samples for inspection and analysis. As only a limited time is available for drawing samples before the fertilizers are used on the soil, and as a large percentage of the selUng agents are located in country districts not conveniently accessible except by automobile, the four sampling agents are as- signed to sections that can be conveniently covered, thus increasing the prospect of securing representative samples of all the fertilizing materials that are offered for sale. The counties covered by each sampUng agent this season were as follows : James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden; George H. Kelton, Worcester; R. G. Tonseth, Norfolk, Bristol, Plymouth and Barnstable; C. L. Whiting, Essex, Middlesex and Suffolk. The following statistics are recorded with reference to secimng fertihzer sam- ples: 21,074 sacks were sampled, representing 6,804 tons of fertilizer; 216 town- ships were visited; 1,772 samples, representing 546 distinct brands, were drawn from stock in the possession of 565 agents or owners; 378 other agencies, or former agencies, were visited where no samples were secured. COMPARATIVE COST OF FERTILIZER CHEMICALS AND UNMIXED FERTILIZER PRODUCTS. AU of the ammoniates showed a fluctuation in wholesale cost during the six months preceding March 1, 1929. There was a lack of consistency noted in the average cost of both mineral and organic forms. The average declines or advances noted in ton costs, as compared with the same period for 1928, are as follows: ammonium sulfate, decline $1; nitrate of soda, dechne $4.70; nitrate of hme, advance $2.62; ammonium sulfate-nitrate, advance 75c; dried blood, decline $3.1.3; tankage, decline $1.90; dry ground fish, advance $10.86; cottonseed meal, advance $3.90. Ground bone (2.47% N, 22.88% P2O5) showed a decUne of $4. Superphosphate 16% held steady at $10 per ton f.o.b. Baltimore, in bulk, which was an advance of $1.29 over the average for 1928. Potash salts held steady and showed no variation from quotations for the same period during the previous year. The following average quotations were comi)iled from data secured from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter. CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Unmixed Materials. Average Price Difference PER Ton for Six between Months Preced- Price Price for Nature of Material. ing March 1. per Ton October Oct. 14, 1929. and Six Months' 1928. 1929. Average. Ammonium sulfate, double bags, f.a.s. New York $48.29 $47.25 $43.00 -$4.25 Ammonium sulfate-nitrate (26% N), bags, northern | ports ...... 59.09 59.87 53.50 - 6.37 Nitrate of soda (15.6% N), bags 48.20 43.50 42.00 - 1.50 Nitrate of lime (15.5% N, 28% CaO), bags, northern | ports ...... 49.38 52.00 46.55 - 5.45 Lime urea (34% N), bags, northern ports . - 84.98 87.25 + 2.27 Dried blood (12.34% N), f. o. b. New York 73.82 70.69 65.25 - 5.44 Tankage (8.23% N, 6.86% PzOe), bulk, New Yo rk 50.73 48.83 46.50 - 2.33 Dry ground fish (9.05% N, 6.86% P206), bags, Ba timore 61.63 72.49 55.00 -17.49 Cottonseed meal (5.76% N), bags, at mill . . . 35.39 41.05 37.50 - 3.55 Ground bone (2.47% N, 22.88% PiOi), f. o. b New York 35.33 35.33 32.00 - 3.33 Superphosphate (16% PjOe), bulk, Baltimore 8.71 10.00 9.50 - .50 Muriate of potash (50..54% K2O), bags 36.40 36.40 36.75 + .35 High grade sulfate of potash (48.65% K2O), bags 47.30 47.30 47.75 + .45 Potash-magnesia sulfate (29.94% K20), bags 27.12 27.25 27.50 + .25 Kainit (14% K2O), bags . 12.50 12,50 12.10 - .40 As the season advances, the quotations on most ammoniates are usually some- what higher. Even so, the prices for assembled goods in 1930 should not show an advance over this season's quotations. If the grade is increased by the adoption of nitrogen in place of ammonia, a corresponding increase in price should be expected. The following fertilizer trade values were adopted for 1929 by the Massachusetts FertiUzer Control. They are based on average wholesale quotations for the six months ending March 1, 1929, plus 20 per cent for overhead, proper allowance being made for bags and labor when bulk quotations are given and for freight when shipping point is outside of New England or New York. Fertilizer Trade Values for 1929. Form of Plant Food. Value per Pound. Unit Value. Nitrooen In ammonia salts . . ■ . In nitrates ......... Organic nitrogen in fish ........ Organic nitrogen in blood, meat and hoof meal .... Organic nitrogen in fine' bone and tankage .... Organic nitrogen in coarse ' bone and tankage, and in pulverized manures Organic nitrogen in mixed fertilizers ...... Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. Organic nitrogen in calurea and urea ..... Phosphoric Acid. Soluble in water ......... Soluble in neutral citrate of ammonia (reverted) In fine bone and tankage and in fish ...... In coarse bone and tankage ....... In pulverized manures, seed residues and ashes .... ■ Insoluble in mixed fertilizers ....... Potash As sulfate .......... As muriate .......... As nitrate .......... As carbonate .......... Total in pulverized manures and seed residues, and the water insoluble portion in ashes ........ .145 .17 .47 .34 .375 .2875 .34 .36 .15 .06 .05 .055 .045 .04 .02 .058 .043 .065 .10 .04 $2.90 3.40 9.40 6.80 7.50 5.75 6.80 7.20 3.00 1.20 1.00 1.10 .90 .80 .40 1.16 .86 1.30 2.00 .80 * Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which without further grinding will pass through a sieve having circular openings 1-50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to that portion which will not pass through the sieve. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in Massachusetts. July 1, 1926, to July 1, 1927. July 1, 1927, to July 1, 1928. July 1, 1928, to July 1, 1929. Mixed fertilizers ..... Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed Pulverized natural manures 46,574 21,715 3,445 47.626 19,644 3,188 41,529 18,788 2.174 Totals 71,734 70,458 62,491 The tonnage of plant food sold in Massachusetts for the years 1928 and 1929 is shown in the following table: Plant Food Tonnage. Nitrogen. Available Phosphoric Acid. Potash. 1928. 1929. 1928. 1929. 1928. 1929. Mixed fertilizers . . . . . Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed Pulverized natural manures 1,887 1,730 1,177 1,115 89 51 3,688 3,206 1,924 1,737 54 32 2,883 2,549 667 596 88 68 Totals 3,153 2,896 5,666 4,975 3,638 3,213 There were 7,967 tons less fertilizer sold in 1929 than during the previous year: 76.5 per cent of this (6,097 tons) was mixed fertilizers, 10.7 per cent (856 tons) was unmixed materials, and 12.8 per cent (1,014 tons) was pulverized natural manures. Of the total tonnage sold, 66.5 per cent was mixed goods, 30 per cent was un- mixed materials, and 3.5 per cent was pulverized natural manures. There were 11,084 tons of plant food sold, of which 67.5 per cent was derived from mixed fertilizers, 31.1 per cent from unmixed materials, and 1.4 per cent from pulverized animal manures. In case of the different plant food constituents, the amounts derived from mixed fertilizers as compared with unmixed materials were as follows: nitrogen, 59.7 per cent from mixtures, 38.5 per cent from unmixed materials; phosphoric acid, 64.4 per cent from mixtures, 34.9 per cent from un- mixed materials; potash, 79.3 per cent from mixtures, 18.6 per cent from unmixed materials. The following tables give the tonnage of the various grades of both high and low analysis mixed goods (expressing nitrogen and its ammonia eqmvalent, available phosphoric acid, and potash) as well as the unmixed materials. The number of brands is given in each case where it is five or more. The tendency to purchase higher analysis mixed fertilizers is evidenced by a comparison of the actual proportions of available plant food supplied by the fertihzer tonnage sold for the past two years. In 1928, 17.76 per cent, and in 1929, 18.02 per cent, of the tonnage of mixed fertUizers was actually available plant food. It is interesting to note that this was not due to the use of a larger tonnage of double strength mixtures, as statistics show that there were 340 tons less of double strength goods sold in 1929 than during the previous season. CONTROL SERIES No. 51 (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis {I4 per cent or more of Nitrogen, Available Phosphoric Acid and Potash.) Grade (a). Tonnage. Brands. Grade (n). Tonnage. Brands. 4.11 (5)-8-7 10,806 43 4.11 (5)-8-10 91 3.29 (4)-8-4 7,870 42 4.94 (6)-4-7 79 — 2.47 (3) -8-4 2,412 18 10 (12.16)-5-10 76 — 3.29 (4)-6-10 1,471 20 3.29 (4)-10-5 76 — 5.76 (7)-6-5 1,137 10 4.11 (5)-6-5 75 — 3.29 (4)-8-7 1,099 14 4.11 (5)-9-5 69 — 5.76 (7)-3-7 944 - 8.23 (10)-4-10 68 — 6.5S (8)-6-6 706 11 3.29 (4)-7-5 67 — 4.94 (6)-6-4 654 7 2.47 (3)-8-10 65 — 4 (4.86)-8-8 580 - 5.76 (7)-9-S 65 — 3.29 (4)-12-4 493 — 5.76 (7)-ll-10 65 — 2.47 (3)-10-4 432 0 4.94 (6)-5-5 62 — 4.94 (6)-8-10 345 - 3.29 (4)-8-6 59 - 8.23 (10)-3-8 325 - 6 (7.29)-15-9 59 — 2.47 (3)-10-6 309 - 4.94 (6)-7-4 52 — 6 (7.29)-S-6 286 — 2.63 (3.2)-4.3-13.5 52 — 4.94 (6)-8-7 278 — 5.76 (7)-8-6 49 — 8 (9.73) -16-16 247 — 14.81 (18)-30-15 49 — 2.47 (3)-8-6 232 — 4.11 (5)-5-5 41 — 4.11 (5)-10-5 228 — 8.23 (10)-4-2 39 — 4.94 (6)-10-4 219 — 2.47 (3)-7-16 38 — 4.11 (5)-8-5 218 — 1.05 (2)-10-4 37 — 4 (4.86)-12-4 190 — 6 (7.29)-18-6 29 - 8.23 (10)-16-14 177 7 4.94 (6)-8-2 26 — 4.94 (6)-8-5 171 — 8.7 (10.58)-3-3 25 — 3.29 (4)-8-10 168 — 4.11 (5)-4-15 23 - 1.65 (2)-8-10 158 — 16.45 (20)-16.5-20 22 - 4 (4.86)-10-6 128 — 3.29 (4)-6-15 21 — 1.65 (2)-12-4 117 0 1.65 (2)-12-6 19 - 5.76 (7)-12-10 113 - 3.29 (4)-16-4 15 - 3.29 (4)-10-4 105 - Miscellaneous 218 38 4.11 (5)-7-10 96 — 4.94 (6)-8-12 95 ~ Totals 1 34,538 296 Low-Analysis {less than I4 per cent of Nitrogen, Available Phosphoric Acid and Potash.) Grade (a). Tonnage. Brands. Grade (a). Tonnage. Brands. 4.11 (5)-3-5 4.11 (5)-4-5 4.94 (6) -3-6 4.94 (6)-3-S 1.65 (2)-9-3 1.65 (2)-8-2 5.76 (7)-2.5-4.25 .82 (l)-9-4 1.65 (2)-10-2 .82 (l)-10-3 3,124 1,154 556 472 331 272 238 177 177 75 16 6 6 6 2.47 (3)-8-3 2.47 (3)-5-6 2.47 (3) -9-2 2.47 (3) -6-4 4.11 (5)-6-l 3.29 (4)-6-4 3.98 (4.84)-1.12-.0S Miscellaneous Totals 74 48 45 37 34 22 22 56 10 6,914 66 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash Grade (a). Tonnage. Brands. 0-14-6 . 8.23 (10)-3-0 . 6.58 (8)-6-0 . 0-12-5 . 51 18 4 2 - Totals 75 4 (a) Grade is expressed in terms] of nitrogen, ammonia (figures in [parenthesis), available phoapharic acid, and potash. • INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 9 (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials. Material. Tonnage. Brand.';. Superphosphate Nitrate of soda . Ground bone Pulverized animal manures Cottonseed meal Basic slag phosphate Castor pomace . Ammonium sulfate Muriate of potash Tankage . Dry ground fish Linseed meal Stone meal Humus (peat product) Calcium nitrate Wood ashes Sulfate of potash Nitrate of potash Organic ammoniate . Sulfate of potash-magnesia Precipitated bone Carbonate of potash . Calurea . Rapeseed meal . Ammo-phos Mowrah meal Blood tankage . Cotton hull ashes Hoof meal Synthetic urea . 4,490 3,447 2,005 2,174 1,535 1,007 932 840 694 495 485 386 254 231 212 168 160 156 140 113 112 83 32 30 27 22 20 19 12 9 23 26 35 16 10 10 17 16 15 12 11 Totals 20,962 234 In order to conform to the recommendation made by the Committee on Defini- tion of Terms and Interpretation of Results on FertiUzers at their meeting in 1928, as well as to the vote of the National Fertilizer Association, the percentage of nitrogen is used instead of ammonia in expressing the grade of a fertilizer both in the tables of analysis and in the text of the bulletin. For this season, this auto- matically throws into the low-analysis group some of the grades previously appear- ing in the high-analysis group and representing some of the largest tonnages. It is also more or less confusing to the reader who attempts to compare the tonnage of this year with previous years on any fertilizer grade. In the tonnage tables, however, the percentage of ammonia is given in parenthesis following the figiu-e for nitrogen, so that such comparisons are possible. It is hoped that before another season the fertilizer manufacturers may unanimously adopt the recom- mendations of their association and state the nitrogen guarantee when expressing the grade of a fertilizer. It will help to avoid further confusion if the guarantee is raised in all cases so that the nitrogen statement is the same as the ammonia statement formerly used. This, of course, would result in a somewhat higher schedule of prices than would naturally prevail if the former system of expressing grade were in force. Even so, it should not result in greater expense in the pur- chase of plant food. In comparing the tonnage of some of the more popular grades this season with that of the previous year, we find that the three grades having the largest tonnage in 1929 were 4.11 (5)-8-7, 3.29 (4)-8-4, and 4.11 (5)-3-5. The first two had the largest tonnages in 1928. The third largest tonnage in 1928 was from the 2.47 (3)-8-4 grade, which in 1929 occupies the fourth position. It is interesting to noto that the grade having the third largest tonnage this season, 4.11 (5)-3-5, is hsted in the low-analysis group, as are also three other tobacco brands. The combined tonnage of these four grades was 5,306. These four grades represent the highest, individual tonnages in this low-analysis group. 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 The 3.29 (4)-6-10 and the 4.11 (5)-4-5 grades showed the fifth and sixth largest tonnage, the same as in the prevoius year. The 5.76 (7) -6-5 grade was advanced from fourteenth place in 1928 to seventh place this season, and the 3.29 (4)-8-7 grade was advanced from ninth to eighth position. The 5.76 (7)-3-7, another tobacco grade and a much more economical one to purchase than either the 4.11 (5)-3-5 or the 4.11 (5)-4-5 grade, was demoted from eighth to ninth place with a reduction of 426 tons. It is evident that the consumption of the double-strength grades is in an ex- perimental stage and this is likely to continue until an efTective, medium priced machine is perfected for their proper distribution to the soil. The following comparisons in tonnage are noted: the 8.23 (10)-16-14 grade was reduced from fourteenth place in 1928, with 548 tons, to thirty-first place with only 177 tons; the 6.58 (8)-16-8 was reduced from 89 tons to almost a negligible quantity this season; the same may be said of the 6.58 (8)-16-20 grade, although a new grade 8 (9.73)-16-16, has evidently taken its place, 247 tons having been sold. The total tonnage of grades that may be classed as double-strength or better is 683 for this season as compared with 1,023 for the previous year. A further study of the tonnage tables gives the following information: 1. Of the total tonnage sold, about 66.5 per cent was mixed fertilizer and 33.5 per cent unmixed materials. This is about the same proportion that existed in 1928. 2. Of the 41,529 tons of mixed goods sold, 99.8 per cent were complete ferti- lizers and .2 per cent were ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash. 3. Of the 41,452 tons of mixed complete fertilizers, about 83 per cent were high- analysis and 17 per cent low-analysis (containing less than 14 per cent of available plant food.) This lacks 10 per cent of being as good a showing for the high- analysis goods as in 1928. It should be recalled that the adoption of nitrogen in expressing the fertilizer grade (minimum guarantee) is largely responsible for this increase in low-analysis tonnage. The ratio of nitrogen to ammonia is .82 to 1.00, and on those grades where formerly the sum of the ammonia, available phosphoric acid and potash just equalled 14 per cent, the adoption of the nitrogen reduces the total of the three plant foods below 14 per cent and throws them into the low- analysis group. 4. Of the 34,538 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, about 82 percent were furnished by 11 grades and 171 brands, and 89 per cent were furnished by 19 grades and 189 brands. 5. There were 3,634 tons more of low-analysis complete fertilizers sold than during the previous year. About 45 per cent of the tonnage of low-analysis com- plete fertihzers was furnished by one grade, 4.11 (5)-3-5, comprising 16 brands; 62 per cent was furnished by two grades, comprising 20 brands; and 77 per cent was furnished by four grades, comprising 23 brands. 6. Only 75 tons of ammoniated superphosphates and superphosphates with potash were sold. Only four grades and four brands contributed to this tonnage. 7. The tonnage of the unmixed materials was distributed as follows: nitrogen products, 37.5 per cent; phosphoric acid products, 27.2 per cent; potash products, 6.6 per cent; tankage, fish, bone, and wood as es, 18.4 per cent; animal manures, 10.3 per cent. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 11 Distribution of Tonnage as Related to the Present "New England Stand- ard Nine" Grades. The following table shows the actual distribution of tonnage in Massachusetts as related to this revised list: Revised "New Engl.\nd Standard Nine" Grades. Tonnage. Additional Tonnage from Grades Varying but 1% in One or More Plant Foods. Total. 4.11 (5)-8-7 3.29 (4)-8-4 3.29 (4)-6-10 4.94 (6)-3-6 6.58 (8)-6-6 2.47 (3)-10-4 1.65 (2)-12-4 4.94 (6)-8-6 1.65 (2)-10-8 10,983a 8,1026 1,471 652c 706 432 117 286 none 1,828 2,852 96 5,842d 1,139 453 none 795 none 12,811 10,954 1,567 6,494 1,845 885 117 1,081 none Totals 22,749 13,005 35,754 a Including 177 tons of double-strength, 8.23 (10)-16-14. b Including 228 tons of 4.11 (,5)-10-5 and 4 tons of 6.58 (8)-16-8. c Including 76 tons of 8.23 (10)-5-10. d Including 68 tons of 8.23 (10)-4-10. An analysis of the above table shows that of the ten grades having the highest tonnage (31,132 tons), only four, totaling 21,262 tons, were members of the present "New England Standard Nine." In round numbers, 55 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was among the "Standard Nine" grades, as compared with 59 per cent for 1928. About 31 per cent additional tonnage was from grades varying from the "Standard Nine" in but one per cent in one or more plant food elements, so that 86 per cent fell within or varied but one per cent in one or more elements from this group. Of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers, 24 per cent was from six grades not recommended in the "Standard Nine" group. These six grades with their stand- ing as regards tonnage are: 4.11 (5)-3-5, third largest; 2.47 (3)-8-4, fourth largest; 4.11 (5)-4-5, sixth largest; 5.76 (7)-6-5, seventh largest; 3.29 (4)-8-7, eighth largest; 5.76 (7)-3-7, ninth largest. All of these six grades vary but one per cent in one or more plant food elements from the "Standard Nine" group. It may be noted that the adoption of the new method of expressing nitrogen in place of ammonia when stating grade throws one of the "New England Standard Nine" grades, 4.94 (6)-3-6, into the low-analysis group. This should be remedied by substituting the 5.76 (7)-3-7 grade unless the manufacturers decide when changing to the nitrogen system to state the nitrogen in round numbers cor- responding to the present ammonia figures. 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 MIXED FERTILIZERS Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Manufacturer. Number of Brands. \moncaii Agricultural Chemical Co American Chemical Specialties Co Inc. .... American Cyanamid Co. American Soda Products Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Barrie Laboratories, Inc. Beach Soap Co. Berkshire Chemical Co. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc. .Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. . C. & R. Sales Co. Lyman Carrier E. D. Chittenden Co.. Clay & Son Collins Seed Service Co. Consohdated Rendering Co. Davey Tree Expert Co. .John C. Dow Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchangi Essex Fertilizer Co. . Excell Laboratories . H. L. Frost & Co. . Grasselli Chemical Co. James J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc. Thomas Hersom & Co. International Agricultural Corp. Henry James & Son, Inc. Little Tree Farms Lowell Fertilizer Co. . Maine Farmers Exchange . Leon C. Mansfield Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co A. G. Markham & Co. McCallum Co., Inc. . Meyer & Mendelsohn, Inc. Miller Fertilizer Co. . Mitchell Fertilizer Co. New England Fertilizer Co. Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Olds & Whipple, Inc. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co Pawtucket Rendering Co. . Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Ine Plant Products Co. Rogers & Hubbard Co. Rose Manufacturing Co. Ross Brothers Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Smith Agricultur.al Chemical Co. Springfield Rendering Co. . Standard Wholesale Pho.sphate & Acid Works, Inc. . Stimuplant Laboratories, Inc. Swift & Co. Fertilizer Works Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp Henry J. Taubert Co. 68 1 2 6 13 S 7 2 2 1 20 1 3 5 3 1 7 n 1 1 2 1 c2 a)>. 5t% ftoa 68 2 2 1 1 10 10 16 16 1 1 8 3 9 9 1 1 2 1 I 1 1 1 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 12 12 () 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 U) 18 2 2 2 o 7 7 3 3 1 1 14 1 1 6 13 8 7 2 2 1 20 1 3 5 3 1 7 9 1 1 2 1 Number of Tests or Determinations. 204 6 6 3 30 48 3 9 27 3 6 3 3 21 3 3 35 18 3 3 3 3 9 56 6 6 21 9 3 42 15 3 6 3 6 18 39 24 21 6 6 3 59 3 9 15 8 3 21 33 3 3 6 3 ^6- ^.2 :^'? (a) Averages have been recorded for total number of tests or determinations as well as for de- ficiencies wherever several analyses have been made of the same brand. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 13 Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. — Concluded. Number of Brands. Number of Tests or Determin ^TIONS. ^ 0) C3 OJ !3 q; C a _ o A< g Ph 2 CL, g Manufacturer. P 0 o- o \*3 fo J3g -^ ,3 .a s g^ Ss 1 1"^ C3 -a o ^-^ ,^_o c4 « 2 T3 Sd- 6 gxi ,o .Q X a a nO a O |o5 ^ g l^ aj Or-. -^ .c ic t-. o -co t^ -t< -)< UJ T^. in OS 't rt t^ lO M « » Q G < m O a "3 O CO 5.13 14.67 15.31 14.29 16.20 16.20 6.40 8.29 'fcm-o^coxQOO'fl' -i< •* lo q 00 rt i^ ■* u) r:Mod*odoit^t^2| CO 00 N 9>N 00r~'4'C^ 00 •■^OlON-CC'-iON cot^oot-oooi^oj z & o o o 1 o 7.81 2.49 00 003 9>9>05co 2.11 2.12 4.47 .90 1.38 1.65 1 . 49 1.14 2.08 .87 cocoai-fco^cs^t^ OOSDrflMt^t^t^cOt^ 3.34 .21 none 1.76 1 . 50 .01 .91 1.03 .33 none none none none none none .63 1.78 1.75 none 2 . 30 .10 2.40 5.15 5.13 3.09 .5. 57 5.50 3 . 05 2.07 "-fcococooi^:-*co s-i t Tji ^ Tt" CO m ic c^' C) CO CO CO ■*' ' ' t>i 1 Approximate Commercial Shortage Per Ton. 2,42 1 , 52 1.02 5 . 68 1.29 2.05 2.15 1.41 CO CO 00 ?0 00 lO X c^ c as -1 o CD -H CO o oi C5 1.0 -h" ^ .m" lo ^' d 00 ^5 Approximate Commercial Valuation Per Ton. ^ CO 6^ 43.55 58.73 00.07 47.01 00.40 58.17 38.08 24.56 — iaot^t~i-'?cDc;uooo CD'HrHI^TtlTjo Guarantee: Nitrogen — Available Pho.sphorie Acid — Potash CD 00 1 1 CO o> 00 CO 7-5-2 8-16-10 8-10-10 6.58-16-8 8.22-16-14 8.22-16-14 6.58-6-6 3.29-8-4 4.11-8-5 3.3-8-4 4.11-8-7 4.11-8-7 6.58-6-6 6.58-6-6 0.58-6-6 6.58-6-6 8.22-16-14 Where Sampled. 0 o o d Scituate Conway E. Freetown C^harlemont Woburn Danvers Hojikinton Swansea Hudson Milford Taunton Milford Belchertown Framingham Northboro Marlboro Palmer Namk of Mandfacturek .-vnd Brand. American Agricultural Chemical Co. A A Country Club Golf & Lawn Fertilizer Brand B . Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Breck's Market Garden Manure(a) Lyman Carrier Lecco ..... Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Open Formula 8-16-16 Open Fornmla 8-10-10 International Agricultural Corp. Multiple Strength 8-16-8 . Multiple Strength 10-16-14 Multiple Strength 10-16-14 Top Dresser & Starter Mitchell Fertilizer Co. Vegetable Fertilizer 4-8-4 . Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works. Inc. Accomac Peninsula King Evergreen Fish Guano Fish, Bone & Potash . Fish, Bone & Potash . 8x6x6. 8x6x6. 8x6x6. 8x6x6. 10 x 16 X 14 S'E-c -g §■„ a! mJS e8;g ^^.H to 0) ^ 6-2 t^.D +j N § C3 O 9 >^-a .s "^ ca 13 S-C~ 73 o P O — ^ ao s O e c S a rjiS M ■^ -2_ ^ C-: .2 5: .Ji's o *-' ^ C t^ rr -^^ ci C3 Cj >> , I X i: 3 m OJ I sj -O C ^ o , g =^5 C3 - an *^ "3 ^ ; o :; > = -s i: s d o : a; ia._S C > ' C-tJ ^ - =3 I ;3 3^ o 0 "o- a "€ * '*^ S-g.5 f- a ;-<^^- J.Q CD ^ § S o a O J3 ,J o a g a a a 0) m H ^— s f.^ ;.• CJ T fn a ^ a I^^SE INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 17 fl a H^i z »-E-i1s 0 o •- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 o (^ CJ3 5! q O ^-^ n 00 00-* ■* CO coco o^ lO'O CO 00 NO NiO 1^-* TlKN ■-I03 -l H o coco -i o •*•*' coco ■*•*' dcd ■*iO COt^ ■*■* t^t^ •ii-ii pL, 1 £-C . .ilat cid und rtTjl 00 Tj< CO'* IN CO 1-H 1-1 COl^ COCO 03c:3 lO-^l 03IN t^N -H'-l 00 o CJ3C0 OO 00 CD .-I03 rtco OO Oim lO-* dt-i lO l> 00 ci do 1— < t— 1 00 00 OC^l 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 —"-1 "-I—I •p-> "3 OSiO CO •* IM05 coco coo T-IOS rH(N coco CO 00 1^03 CD 03 cq OO iraw 0>03 CON (Ni-H COrt CO o TjilN TfllN o r>^i^ 00 -J< rtrt IN IN ,-1,-. coco TtlTjl TjlTtI INci Tf tl COCO OiO C3 o t^-* lOrt o^ lOI^ TflO coco o>o CO 00 1^03 oo to o t^oo 35 -H 03 03 -*CO rHO lOt* C30 coo ■*iOO "^ £?o .-H l-I "C ^ *^ ^ ■ l-il-H ^ • •^ ^ • 0 o of^ fa O j^ z flia coo C^) ,~1 « IB a> a) 0 -- coco 03C3 00 IN •Oco t^oo COTtI rtO 003 ►-H 2 S ■OiO IN IN I-H t-H rHIN (NIN NIN coco IN^ ¥ < -d "~ o I »..S§ Guarante Nitrogen- Availabl Phosphor Acid— Pot; coco "OiO T o v "I COCO INC^ COCO iO>0 ^v TT TV TT ■c (^ 05"? 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 1 coco cJ, \^ 1 1 goo 7T XI 1 1 03 03 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 030 00 CO 00 •i cici CDO COCO •jiTji Tji-li TtlTjl iNoi -^•*' INC^I COCO « 3 73 T3 T) a a a z s! C3 C3 <; am m a ■•^ u M o .2 .2 .2 ?; < d U 1 U ■« 3 ^ i-« X lU fa a a i 3S o o OO OO (1 ti O O ^^ 03 C3 y. a a a C3 M ui u u t-< u* b! tl h u ,i<1^ c 3 3 3 v 1 ri — rt-ii coco Clio COIN rtC^ COO 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Q 00 0 o fi;V-; f^ ^«^s O 3 m 0(N c^co t^c^ 00 ON ^"S< (MO CDrH COO T)t^ 00 ^ ^ •* cot- tot- 0 0 MM •*■*•>*< PL, § ij ■5 2— i"^ OTf OtD r^ f-t THt^ CO-H 00 (NrH T-^a> coco •00 CO OTf 0X0 rtOO ■*(N 05O ^rH M a 0 a 5 fXifcN M M c 0 0 3 O -< b D Z U 0 0 PhUh 00 c s 0 0 00 T3T3 ft ft 0 0 00 C3 03 •'£•'5 QQ >> 0 0 00 0 03 XI 0 H jaxi II 0 0 "3=3 22 3 3 a a 03 oi 5~ 0 > C C 03 03 t^ it mm feta a a 0 0 meQ >^^ ^?- H a ft 3 T3T3 be bu -d-a bl) '0 ft ft 0 0 < 0 0 0 0 dnpL, 22 03 03 3 3 0 0 00 10 5i _o_o a 0 ss 02 CO 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 ft ft S f= 0 0 0 3 (c 00 "a e 0 0 a a 00 0) 0 4) ft ft ft "3 "3 "3 u >1 >> >) >> >) >. >, >> >) >!>>>. IS 0 0 (U aj V ) o '^ Tf 1-': o CO 00 Tt<--1 Oi-l I--00 o rf r-XO COO T}< Tf coco ■* Tjt ^ -* Tjl coco ■* t^CO oo ■^'l" oo ^ ■* t^t~ lOcO Tf coco -C r^M oo ■* to 00 (N o .-HCO o 00% coco CO 00 00 t>. t^co CO oo tH 3 R "o ^co (M OCD t^ 1— ( co^ CO O'* coo coo t^iO CD CO OCO ^to lO t> CO CO ot^ lO CVlrH •*co 10 ■* >oco -* o IN IN CO-* lO CD t^ coco rt,-( C<1 IN(N (N CO (NrH (N ■*■# coco (NN coco CO ■* ■*•* OCO 00 INCq s ^co ooo t^ lO-H O -J< oo CO ot- coco IN t^ ^o CO CO OIN CO OOO -hC 00 C3 - Ort 00 o oo o 'fO CO 00 OO IN 00 00 I^ ■*o OO t^ oo O o o 01 CD m

o coco 00 o ooo 00 t^ ^ T-H lo ic OOrt w o OOO 00 t^ in t^ IN CM C^M r-lN IN IN IN TjlTjl t^ ID Tl<-* ■* oo oo o T)< coco 0) 0> 1 1 coco 1 1 1 ii i 1 1 1 •n 'iT 1 1 TY 1 1 1 1< vv coco c^ AA 00 00 oo T* V '-' 00 00 00 coco 00 00 coco CO .00 00 00 coco a oim ^^-:> h^ t- 1^ t^ o J:o t-- lir-l C-.Oi r^t~ CiOi X r^r^ m (NIM aso ■* TflTjf •* ■* T— 1 .-H ■* Tl" INN (N Oi 1—1 T— 1 lO »o Oi -tiTjH 0) COCO ^rt IN C^(N C^J CO "'-' > -a ^ c c 0) (D .£ S 1 1 J=Jt J,Jo O > > 03 03 WW 3 3 a •3^ =3^ ^ ^^ 03 03 03 cS o3 03 0! WW o3 o! WW aa as aa S S a O a o aa OO a a oo a O ID •^ u o o o o o o o o o o o o o a« XtfQ PQ «« w w WW w WW WW OO oo O O oo oo O oo H 'e' —1 "i< OCi cq coco •^ '^ IN — C-1 rf N ^c^ c^ n fi ^H ■"^ ^^ -HlO rtTj( c^ rt Tf 20 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 fl o COrt x •*o 1 1 1 T»<00 X) 1 1 1 1 1 into 1 1 1 \^ £5§ ^ o S .^ — , a ■CNtJI o lO T)< CI r^ -HCO ^ CJi.f C<5 ?q-H ?^ < rHC^ICO 1 1 oiod ON OOO t^oo c^ o or~ 0000 coco OO 00 00 "3 -Hcn CI O ^ t^oo t^lO o TflLO o •^^ -HCO CO oco OOC5 C^iO CO (N 03 Ol-H CO i>o ?5 CQCI 0.1 o Old H ■OtJCiJI ■*■* 00 ■# •*< .-hN lOu'; - »-C tH CO •<1<^ ■*■* CO NN t~Co CJ O ci 00 CO O20 00 ot- CO Ort 00 ■* cici CO !ii!^ O of^ o#««i !^ In tratc rms. ^ lUOOO 00 CO o o aj 0 03 ot~ a) O S) c; TjllO a^ c^ H lOO COiC a 0-* lOCO 0 O « •- o C fl a ^ a a " a a a p 2; "3 ^ m 32C5rt OtJI 3 o o O i.'t xo o t^ o •^ xo 00 00 o .-ICI SO 2^ l^(NO MCO ■* CO 00 oo t^t^ CI ox -. ot^ •c ^ CO CO CO •Hi-H t^ M CO COCO --1 ^ C1C» f-r-t o — ..- < III I I o I OOO coco 1-1 00 III I I I. I ■^-^•^ -^-^ 00 '^ COCO -If Tj< 0S03 oo -jt l-l rt •* Tjl lO oo CO 0000 00 0000 coco O 0000 II I II I II II I II -^■^ O OlO O 1— I^H r-tT-t CS t^l^ 050 t>. oo c) .-Hi-; i-ti-; csj "^■* i^ CO ■*■*' Tji-^ CO cicj o I 0 i; ir ^ ^ .2.2 ^^ c.> H »- 2 gS^.N'r aao •3-3 88'^t^^S^ fj'"'""^"'^ ''SoS" oos:«-t.ae a .2.2.2 So ^ 0} „ MM oo g .2.2 S oo "S'S o ^^ u fcc fc. M .jQjD Mo3 ti art's tit.-3 OO aa ® t^'i CVI^jLljLu L^^ CD oo ^-^ (iL UiUj 'I' MM oo X .^Hfcl, Jf ^ S^i^ M 73 M MM =S^H '^r* t, <-<5 UO W SS ■^ MMM << r> ''• ">- ^^ '^'~' « "« ^ _-_ — _ _ _„ 3 -g-a-g ^.^3 2. life E^ o BI a -^-S .2.2 .2 .2.2 'SSSm oo o i S 3§ MM.i 22 .3 'S* 35 2 2'^ g OUU QQ Q fcN u, OO OO S r',<-. ,=? 2;Z 5?;Z 5<^ 2;S^ 3 m a 52 ►5.S O 03-S -f< — -H -< ,^ -HCI -H coo •*" »-" INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 21 o«o S£ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 OCD 1 1 1 1 CO t» >oin ^ 'a 00 05 Oi t~- row COCC 'r.t^ O:-^ iOC-i -f-H t^ noA r- -xo MO CvlrH n F-l t^ o ■*■* r-t^ t^t^ OiC •*■* I^O tX-* (DO ■* t-OO N M 00 CO COt^ iC-^ rfO COCO t^iO -HO <7> tOiO OiOO ooo t^ 1 O-H t^rH o 10!0 § COM O'^ COM -H.-1 MM MM OOO) OO 0;0 !Ot^ 0000 MtJi oct 0-. C5 00 IN ~ 00 -N t>.0 OO-H >N ,-1 rt .-I ,-1 iM ^ ^rt rt C. -fiTjH 1-H ^ r^ IM >0 "O -^ ■* MM MM MM -H— • C^IO) •* Tt< MM M COCO MIN V Oi :* ■-•- o o 3 3 O 0? OS "So DhPh O Si 03 ce S3 o 03 O 4) 0) 03 03 OO OS 03 mm c ■-H oc -.o ^ O^ n iM t-'jf « to O <-i. r- -H -If ;D O J- i I I I I I I 1 •• 00 0000 00 00 00 00 CO CO to O •* .-H.-I i-i-H OS o -M —I N CO CO CO oo . >, >. >. >. >i >i .n J3 ^ J2^ _D X: h-1 h4 h-1 l-Jl-l 1-1 i-I o a ^ o oS fe rt 00 COtO o 00 ^ "^ o 00 02 lO — lOO O 00 00 OSO lOCO 05 0> CO 050 COt>- IN CO CO - f- i^t o rt ,-H t^ o o 7 LO o ":t< Tin Tf' Tt* ■^ lO CO CO -iJ -i< 'O -I* -)< 0> CO CO xcc 00 « ooixi oven « — COCO CO II I I II II i I I L I O 1-1—1 — Irt I- CO 0000 "-I -H 7 t ^ ^^ — A lA, t( 00 00 -H lO S •" ■■ CI I I -tl -t* t- i I^ I^ LO IQ r I O CO "^ ■« -2 ^ ^ I i I CO II II lo — II -s T, ■■^ ^ i- 0000 00 "-I 0000 roo ^h "-i coco S Si f ^ "^ -:(<')< Tt< -t LO L3 LO 'O LO t^ 00 00 o o a> « » o o o CO N NN CJl u O '^ \^'^ o o o cs ■CO uo =8 C3 r*^ >-. *■' 3 3 3 9 3 3 3 o o o o o o o sa s a a 6s C3 oS PhCM (U J-< o>o ^1 n T^ « ^ I- ■^x ■c -i X t- XX S6 age O -^ O X -£ ' ^ ^ rH r- -H C o CU O OJ (U 0) « u u n -a J5 ,CJ2 -a J3 MJ3 rC^ ^-a -a ja X ^ -«-ii ^^ ^.i< J4^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ <: .JM c 0 b «« »« «ffi KK se MK a S (Nrt F-lr-i Mi-1 -H C<1 cDOt iCi-i INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 25 a> a y-i oto a> IN i-H WX i-i 1-1 05 O -1< OtH C^ ,-1 CO oo ■coo 00 00 oo do IN iNOi 0> INIO ■* rt •-i t: 1-1 o IN to "O i-H si IN •n i-HO to coco « a c; O (0 h a;. 3 cs n -a c HO ■^ "t tpto "H lO A tr J. 1 I I J. 00 i 00 too O CO I 00 I II I I 05 I 05 t-t- 02 lO IN r-< IN lOlO Cai CO toto CO •* 1-1 LOlO o oo ^ m ^ I O K Ph 0 2 ■a -^ c a 0 a i P (fl OO -T O u o * 1 0 o Q Tfl O > e o jc p 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 a z 0 D ^1^ CO 1.0 1 1 1 q « K C<5 (NCO 00 0!M CTI-* N-* •>J< (N «•*■.}< (NO ■*oo i§ OiOieo <'^ O lO t^ COO ON cq iO^.-l coo 005 00 J 2-^1 on 35 00 Tf 00 00 oo -HIN ,-1 lO 00 00 00 LO-* t^o ■>*< <:r "' 'rt C<3 oo coco rtO OO 00 o "^OOO oo 00 on o Olt^ 1 •* o ■-I .-H lOCO to to IN Ot^^J COiH 05 ^^ CM OOrtTf to 00 to ' ,-lt. ooo COO 00 OJ ooo OS ■*•* 020 CO CO 00 CO ™ o :m (NiN to o of^ z o ^ cSg -f COO 0o CO-H (N t^ooto t~t^ 00 c» CO t>- ooo 1 00 t^ rHOl rHC^ O rtOOl IN CO INrt to W05CD 0 a lO INPli-H Eh Zf^ ??: rt tS m o t>t^ coo rtco ooo cq to i^mo or~ CO-* a •^oa> a o c; oco ■* -(■-HIN t>(N .-IIN IN CO IN rli-l MN rHiM (N(N (N CO CO CO COCO ■*■* 0 1-0 0 , K 0 P C X . ^-0 O to D to CD CD X to to TJH-H %% 00 b 3 u 4- 00 00 1 1 AA ri,^ A a CO CD CO 1 1 1 J,^ 00 1 1 1 1 CD to to O O Ui 01 4) M V 1 o 4.4< ^Tll ^4. 4. 1 1 1 to to to ll 1 1 to to ■* 1 00 1 1 1 00 00 00 <5 s CS !3 cJ CS C3 CJ rt w cj c3 CS 03 cj c3 oj 03 03 03 « •3'=i O ■■g 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 b p se ea ae a sae ap a a s ees p. o H O U( o o o o o o o ooo 0 0 0 0 0 s t~t^ (^ f^fc< WW WW W www Wt^ WW w www < » 1 00 coop (S a a c e c c a Y dec C 3 c c c C 3 C 2; 0 (0 a> 0) a. 0) aj a CO oca) 0 £ a> O ■* ,k^ C u p. aa &a a c O. aa a aa a o OO OO oo o to ooo 00 00 0 000 o > » m ODtB OJM ^DO} w5 w cdmod aim aioQ 02 cdaQOQ r o o o J Q oo Cd WW WW WW W W www WW WW w www ■-) as-ss !C ^^ ^ OJ o rt Tjl —1 -1< ^ ^_, C<1 -H —■ co-H .-H ,-. ^ r-(co— 1 3 J 0 n-^ Z X — 1 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 27 i«00 CO in S o>o 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 CD ■* 1 1 1 1 1 1 thO rH m ^ lO CJOl CO 03 CD IN IN t^ on 001 1 1 o oo o 00 O •-I 1 1 C^l 1 00 o CM C0 05 (N r^t^ •* CO O U5 ■* N ■# CO ':)o 00 CO 00 c^ t^ 05 CM OtJ< COtJI o> COrH IN c^ o lO 'f* lO Ol (N ■* 05 00 t^r- ^,-1 '* '"' '-' IN Tl< '"' -^ 1> a o o CO O 0) >o CO lO 00 CM05 Oi->)< o ^=^ o Tj< T)< 3 t- to o CO •* ■<*l ■* coco 00 lO t^ -* t^ •-1 ■* csco (NIN 1.-5 IN CO CD IN CJ ■* • •o (N o l" ■* k^- C<1 oo i t^t~ c^ 10 1 CO o CD 1 CD 1 CO i I I 11 .^.i> 1 ^^ 1 1 A-^ -f 1 1 CO 00 on ■^ 1 00 IN 1 IM ■o C» 1 1 CD ^ 1 u a. 03 o^oS) c3 03 ■£^ ■ft'o. o o o u w 1 a 3 3 a o o (1. '0 ci 1 bO a •a u Q p. o to .s 'u 0 4-( 14 L« 0 3 a* 05 s « d O 4J CO » H "3. o a d U u E o o W a C3 S O T3 o c >. u 0 M U 0 T3 o o W OJ d U E S « C8 1 IN I U b 3 ■3 0 < C 0 'S'a WW «pq i2 UU w ^ 0 b "a n (8 0 "3 to a -1 05 ^ "S 4-> s c b V 00 mm 9) 0) U W WW w w H 1 W 0 X U J o W CSJ o 03 o H 0 H 2; > « -^■^ Tt< CD'N CO r^ CO CO CO - ■* - - - •* »-H rH ^6 s.s N o OJ bti sf ao J3 & 28 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 .- 0 00 Ui ICCO -,o o 000 0 1 «^ IMIO -f t^ 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 lOM i J f^fe3 -ft". 00 00 lOiO o t~o fil £5S o o o c e c n DO < CD TfltO -t 00 V a) 00 So OiO 0 0)0 0 0 Oo Uo cS a sm cio ::; SM-* 3 Bio 00 0 o o a o c . 0 0 . . 0 0 . CO gfi; fi l-H 1— 1 *"* "^ s " " "" "* a a a (S Z o C3 IK u ■*o OO OI^ Tt< 0^ — it~ 00 0 t-oo -4t, E t~ OS'^ MM 001 in-* O -S -J c c T313 ^^ 3" s 1 i3 1: •*T»<-t s » 1 d I OO rtr-; Oj 0/ ? 1 1 1 000 ^3 0 U '3 c s OO T 1 b4 t4 9 "^ oj C3 0 1 iii "cS Ex P "2 3 M O 1 1 o o a 0 fo M MM 88 13 T3X1 T3T3 c3 ci « gg 2§ ai a c c « U) (U 13 00 0 3 2 c4 03 O 0 0) (1) 0 o ^ ^ > > 0 OJ -§1 X a -. H^ ta^ HHi— ( ^^ HHI-I HHl-l Ml-I ■"■ H^rtl-H " H^HH "^ a- ^•2 •oil - "^ C-J M 7i -M -f o -. ^.- r- 0 •OM " ?i -^ .-■5-* INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 29 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t- lO 'O lyi -HO CO CO o^ coo o o CO ® o ooo N ■* coo •t^l-JI ® t> «'»' (N coo o ■* 00 lO lox; o® •<1" t~ ® ®t-. •* (NIN ■* ® o •j<>o ^ o M —(05 e^o-. o ■* CO -HN CO cofi •f ■* o on coco •X) lOQO t-oo ->> eo M CO'l« ■<1< o —' CI ^ to® ® ® CO CO O oo 00 oo 00 00 LO CO lO® 00 o t2g •*o o t^ X ooo r- O-i :S o o ® ®N !i: ■a< 1 CO-* ® w Oi ■. CO o t~00 CO ■o>o ® ® CO -tl o •Of w -<-( CO ■^ CO CO •OiO '"' ^ OiOi CO 00 ■* ® t^ t^oo t^ oco lO m eo o o^ o ••■5 1 O-Xi 00 C-. » o r^oo CO CO CO o coco -^ IN— 1 — < ^H ^ '^ '^ '^ "^ CO '^ O «ffi COiO w 4) (D a o a> o (u a> o « « !N a C^ •*co >o C a M fi on (N o o . o o a rt s a a a a c a a a a r/l ® 00 00 t^ c^ -HOt(< IN ■O'O (NOJ o r- CC® 'I' 'If Ac^ f ® Tto o IN — < ■* ® ® 5" T3 0 C3 O ■a o u o o a o3 p O 03 MM .2.2 QQ u Hi h ,°,'=' 4> • M a G l~, 03 .Q E 19 u C Ah r/1 HH HH c I 4) CU CD u. o o o o O o o d d dd dd ■* ob oi> 2 H J) _2 < o "3 "a; is is o o u O (=5 o Pi "3 o o & it o o " " "" "" TtH lO 4^ h-l H^H^ 1-1 1-1 fJ h-l h-l fJ ►-I i-:ii-l 19 r^ - - rtC^ -HTtI - - - ^^ lO ® rt " o 00 - -iM - a: n O (U t. S ^ 2 feSS N O O ■■^ 03 "^ M 3 X-- ^ C3 03 a a 03 (U -a 4J M o .^ a .^ a a c o a ■a (D C3 03 ^ t— . ap. Bfi 01 =3 r, 5^ ni ja^ tto V n> O J3 a # HOH 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 0 t^ 00 CO CO 00 M 0-- ^~ CO 1 >o CO 01 0 o co t~ ■»■ t^ •fl" lO w a 1) a m =3 IM^O lOOiN U5 CO t-M 05t~ on CO C^NiO CO c^o O CO 1 1 y < b O ^ ^ ^ ffll^t^ CO CO u-Jio •*•* o r^ fe s Ji-n . CO COM !DCOM en ^^ o IC on on CO OS vD — Tf ^ — C^ 00 '-' P3 o COI> CO 00 o 00 00 00 00«M ■* 00 •* t^CO coco t- t^ 00 o CO ■o o (N ■* Tt<-* C<1C0 CO CO ■<»< ■* CO rH o . agS rooc^ CO'-H 00 3J » CO ^00 IM O o ,_( >o 05 00 o> a Q0 35t^ co«:i^ o O ■"11 C^rt 03O 00 >c 00 >o N CJ "£fS ^„' ^ ^ P o ofe 0) ^ z flgS 0) O 4) o » « CO «) » 0) » 0) lO IN lO IT) V sea CO a a 8 a CO CO on a o o o o o o O O o S Zf^ s c s a a a ■^ lO-H Tj!"■* COO •c IN C^C Ol O) CO CO < J3 ^ axi o o 1 t^ CO ■o lOiO ■o o i-O Guarai] Nitroge Availa Phosph Acid— P 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 00 00 a?! i ^ 1 1 1 coco 1 1 COCO 1 rl ^ ^ 1 CO 1 00 00 00 1 1 1 1 r- 1 1 1 1 ■<»< -f t~ NN t~t- P4 o 1 00 CO CO CO CO CO -^Tl^ -fli 05 •* ■^'J' (N(N CO IN CO ■^ ■ 3 u I C3 » iS s < fa D z O 1 V c 0 A 00 00 00 3 a O 3 3 a a c3 05 3 3 a c S a < O O O U b tH o o o K* £ 3 3 3 3 » ^ O fa o O 0) (D O O O 3 3 3 CD O O 3 3 3 2 c8 3 3 H PP s 03 h < O < o H •DTJ-^ -0-073 tfi crt c3 03 03 03 < F O O O tH Lri t.) PLhOhPh O O O Lh U b.1 c a _c3 3 E a o a o s a a « (1) a a a 0) a 'a O 0) ft O 03 O h HKK WWH ^ L° U U o CO OO O Ph IB H H < u< fehfx* fefeh u a « a ft n s,?;, t.t. ft ft ft ft a ft e 0 d ca cl eS c3 03 CS al CJ C3 d 01 a §s§ %%% 'Jl 19 S <^ § §§ s§ s § % § f5 s (N^CO o 05tD o ^ot^ CI '0 05 1 1 to N o ^ CI «C1 1 I o -HOtO (N O f t^ 1^ •* t- OOOJ dCIC) o d d-t o ■* en CO CI CI CI to CO 00 o to CO to M ■* ■* to'o to f o o ^1-hO to t^ 'O <£> (^ 00 CO 00 •* ■* 00 00 to to to 0C50 CO o lO CO COtJI f~ to to o cocst~ CI CO to ■-1 CO ■o 'JH CO CO .-ICO t- T}>OC0 lO •"J" 00 CO CO CO ■* •* CI CI •* CI CO CO CO CO CO rt Cl-H 8 t3 ro 00 O) ,_4 ,_( o 05C0 CI o CO CO to 00 CO oscot^ o ■o -X) •* o t^ CI ■* o 00 00 OOO '^ '^ '"' " ^ CI 1—1 rt'ci •* '^ —Irt 1-< '"' o o v c;-<< « O (U (P o ;d (N c o f a o a o o o CI t^ o s COCO c ooo ro ^ CI c c CI c d a a c c o CO on o o to to « I) o CO oot---r C0003 o o> lO to CO y) CJtOOO ^^t^ o '.-5 CI c CI fl a CI CI " — ■o lOiO lo o coco 1—* ooo CI CI CI M 1 1 1 1 o -t< cJd -Jl 1 1 1 1 1 iii o to o 00 on 1 1 -(< » CO to to to 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO en 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 on on Of) 1 1 00 00 00 Tf-fl -f CI CI CI Cl •*rt< t o CI 1—1 CICJCI to to to -* ■* 00 CO CO CO •* ^ CI CI •^ CI CO rt< CO CO CO rt^rt ooo CI CI CI ol to to to 1 1 1 iii ■n TH ■i T)H Tt<-tH 1 1 1 1 S P s. cidci 1 CD B lU a !» •a 6 n a c cS 5i ci 03 oJ cS -ajqx; aaa . e Gj O OJ 'a'E.'a ase ooo J3^j3 5 CO X o ■J2 0 u u C C JS 0 0 U b .2 > a o '2 6 ace u t-i ^ ooo 1 o c c. X 6 u •a c n a o b e — & OOO a c g ooo o o 01 u IS o E 3 C3 C3 03 o V O b "u M M bC ace WWW WWW 5' r-, a. d 1 1 00 1 1 00 1 1 CO o!) 1 18 0 V s 3 f5 i u 4) 2 ^ & & i lO-r — OLt -. 3>f: 1* I.. OT r~ r- F-( CO O _t OO-^- -.-).C woe - 00 t- o 0-. •M t- 35 O 1 « 1 1 1 § o 3 0_-ri 3-5^ = — ^ * -r)-* ^ •* •f f ■^ t- t-c-. 00 00 00 OOt-OO O0t>.00 C) to 00 o r- » lO 00 00 00 ooo COCO . OI--> Mt-O "f _, M -N •c (- o ^ OJ^ coo M N lO i.T 00 r- :o o ■o ■-0 o Tt" -)> r- CA CB >oi< rH(N H -t-f t Mcoro cic^cq o ... Oi N ^5 CO 1t< -)> 'f ■* "-OU3 '.CO cli ■o-rM rnxci ot-s^ 00 ^ a> IN o or 'f to CO o CO 00 ■«o 00 Ol r-* C^l IN COO WC>) "£fS ■ ' ^' ^ ^ ^' f-.'rt ^' ^ P3 _■ ^ ^ CO IN IN CO coo lOO o ofe t- o lO 0 th a ot- o 0 ^^ a a a a a a a '^ a 6; "3 « oj O iO<10 o •* « •0 MO ^ x ^ *^ *7> 1- 3 r- •r 1-0 ojc: l^ o -'a B C-. Or- c. 00 00 •^ t^to — X c; — — o -»• CD i-co COCO ►2 o E el WM — -^-H -Hrf« IC w '- — — M — — ~s <(, •• 1 o-S a; tb.H S ^^ Guarante Nitrogen- Availabl Phosphor Acid— Pot CC ClC^l -) ;- L-. b. 3 3 3 c! 03 OJ L. - •^ ,^^<», (h a rt C3 C3 a) a) >> 1 1 1 ( ) z ooo ^=S=« 00 OCX 1 1 1 _ J= H b 0 c^c^ b U tH b d cs c3 C3 03 C3 OOO III 3 3 3 M 4-) 5 03 OC i 1 -.a ot 1 « 1 00 oL ^4 coco ^<'-,r^ CtlCL, m X X 00 ij: n CC -i- -f M Jj o -itD t-t^ ■n-Q-n T)"0T3 -O-BT! -a -r: -T! — . — ~ —J •n —I ■n T3-73 •3T5 "0 e 53 cJ ci 03 c3 c c3 c3 03 03 2 ai CC 41 te ■■c a; .a .i la a) « 'a3'a> etc t4 to a c a a i c KWK KBK WSK W u C Q Q Q Q a s ;;j Q oa GO UJ & S & 0) O OJ & & ? o a o & S !£ oca; aj Q T3 •o T) T3 T) T3 Tl ■T3 TJ T3T3 T3TJ > ;z;2:z ZZi^; zzz Z ■0 o O o o c o o o o oo OC Z 0 1 £ ?5>- S S MrH^ FHTjlIN i-(WCO iH M ^ ^ ^ U5 LO ^ lO ^ Ol — N^ ' 3_ = =-J:a INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 33 C) n I-CC C-. o-o "O c-x O OO'"!" •^^t 1 lO f lOr- 'Ot- 1 CO i CO o 1 I 1 1 o c; COM o COO t-M »^ OC cj«o -r c-.o> CO QO 1- coo 05 1-0 lOCO'* ©■<1< a ffl CO W ••■o !!;•* CO coco 00 CO CO 00 00 lOCO coco-* 00 00 t^ CCOO o COCO 'f 05 C5 _^ t-OJ CO CO Oi t^-f o to CD MCOCO -•t^ o ^- .-, t-co I c^ CO -J- -f C^-f< c c-< CO T)< f coc^ oa C5 10 05 '"' CD « CO ■o coco t- Oi.O CO ■* •^ ^-f( -ct" CO iC I'CD'* ^ -t" Tf COC2 " coco t^ MC MM "^ CO CO .-^ T •1< ■^ -}< Tt< CO ""■^ 01 ■0 10 Tfcoco " -H -. w ^ n a> ^ C-. X TO CO 10 co^ on a> a; c a) CO »t. i.O M c — M n 00 o "- t^t< « - cr. 00 y. oo X 3 o S 3*^. 3" CO co-t CO -t< ■^ 1— 1 i-H ^ '^ .-( ^ c = ■" en MX rr 5. O r-, a; CO CD O CO o « C0 3S a; COM lO O -t T. I-O -• « c ^^ •^ lO 3 S l- o o-.o ''•""'■ 2 0-. 00 o ooc CC n -i< -< M MM CO N COW •* 4, CD 00 00 >o (NO! M . OC Y 1 ■:l< to 1 lOiO 00 1 TY -1< i' 1 1 1 1 .o coco 1 CO CO 00 00 t MM CO CO CO 1 1 1 coco 0^ COM 1 1 1 rf> 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00« ^^ 1 1 >o .A A t^ -t^ 1 1 1 1 f XOO m M -l" »— * coco a: oa CO i— 1 o r-H r-t 1-H r~t~ lOiOiO CO MM « 00 lO CO CO •t ■* CO •I' ■* -t -l" -f lO IQ If'*-* ■*■* M" coco '-' COCO 22; u ;- ^ ^ fci 0) 0) s S S o O ja a o o gg ^^ ,o o 0 OO -OCD c p o H 0! V o o c O 0 -8 3 3 U u o 1 1 >.o 00 00 1 1 M -J 1 ;2 1 CD 3 0 o o J: 5 S 'c'o 3 S =«« 0) a; '3 u C J) "o. 0. ci C3 "3 "3 3, 1; 0, 53 X a) a; 0; S c 0 o KM 's's 'o'S .2-2.2 (V c; a> §88 C3 03 C3 Ou 1 1 00 00 a a 03 03 .3 '3 OJ x o o o 33 C3 03 « aJ M ac a a> >>■ a a 1 M £ c O O SB o o PLiPh aj a; Q C ■■c Q Si X ^5 ^ o ^ > &^ is a a XX "3 "3 "a C i u It << « < o o OO o PL, cS 03 P^PL, 2 0 a ^ Q (U ^_ -j^ J2 JJ >a -Ja CO ■^ Q OO OJ a V a a a XXX PLid, »8 PL, P^PL, 0 a. ■o - - - W-. - •M —1 - - " M-H IM rt (N — ^ t^ - "M - M- 34 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 n '=' a 00 OiCO p ° , -c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i< : t^cD 1 1 1 ; o fa ••i . o> o 1 CD iNO OS M c ■<»" h 3 ■* ■<}< Oic Tfl-lJI t>io M t^ MM CD CO d CD £ § e,.H ilab pho cid und t^i-l 00 l> ■*T)< tOOJ to •fl" O C) r^oo O-H C) CD MO lOM o »o CO(N CD o t^ OOM OOOi T --1 00 00 toco 00 00 o'oo ci oi 03 d coco ■OcD 00 00 'fc ^ ■^fO Mt)( oo ^H r-i t^ CD CD O iJiM OOO o « 0 00 (^ t^Oi •^tH IN CD M ■<*l M IN OM t^M t^ U5 (NN lOO MM ■*'■* M M ;:; 1> C5 00 INM N IN '5 S (Nr» OM MO t^rt 1^ •* M •* COO t-iN M M 1— « bi) ^ Mm (M(M t^-^ NM ■* lO m M'O t^O r- O p tT o IN M rt o cf^ z a ■ Ed fisa a o ® tt) CtD ^^Cl OJ V ■* 01 «^ 2^ »; 'ii O c c C C = Tt< MM c C COt^ sm _ .^ o o o o o o . 0 O o o . "II s c c c s t>. " t-^t- - - ^ q5 ^ u3 C^tC -«C-J t^-* t^-^ o (N C5 ■£i (U a M-* 00 M g'S £ •-•: 'O 1< t» !D00 ir^O 'I' o CO CD 3 S o o 05 -q" '- CO *"* c c t-H fH 1^ I" 1— i r~i C-JM ci M M -t 3 3 Pfe c < -■§ 1 O 1 OJ-S S larante trogen- vailabl losphor 1— Pot 1 1 00 00 i" r to CD 1 1 00 00 T^ T 00 1 00 ?5 1^ O 1 CD 00 00 1 1 •MM coco CD CD oi= 0^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 00 00 00 1 1 1 c 1 o t2 1 CO 1 1 T r CD CD 1 1 ■- CD cz'^ph;5 't "* t^r~; C^O) IN N 1 Ol ! » ■ 5 • TfTjl -H ^ £ 2 1 d 3 4t s s o .o < MM o o QQ "3 "3 Q .s a o o o 5H M C 3 S ■ 5 • c a 2 O 0) « 0) QJ "d •« ■*■ 1 << u C QQ 3 3 o3 ■ C3 • w 0 f-i ki a a o o 3 3 c; U ,°.° ^ o o **-< »,-. O O p k fata d u HH o -o • S S c3 U s =3=3 lU lU < ^ j^ I-, 0 ^ tn m '-S'+a 3 3 t-i t-> c IS 3 0 >. u ;-• ^ ^ -.3 F MaNC 4-) 0. ma o o OCO 1 1 M tt .s.s 6 u 1 00 1 00 d d U T3 ^1 33 C3 c3 OO fafa § C3 fflm 3 '3 § ■ s • o 3 3 ££ -0 c 11 00 00 < a > C3 Iff U fa (9 J2 O o o a 3 o o 3 3 o o C) o 3 3 O • 0 c 2 ° £ 5 a a o o faPu, 01 u 1 1 O O 3 3 1 1 0) (U ^^ o o 3 3 4J I 0 1 u 3 0 fa cu 3 c3 3 X "o a fa fflH s fa ^=a C-fL, 3 IS ea c3 cS PL, fa E 03 4-* c j5 C fa fa 0 o O 3 3 (— 1 iJ-* ■33-33 s fc- S i 0. 0. Ou cu o: MM CV)M ca^ >-!< 00 00 mo ooo o ^2 -HO 00 00 om oco »-( o CO o 1^ oo 00 CO 00 § 00 CD CO CO CO f-t .o t>. §g o -X) co^ cs — >H C^C^ ^^ -H-H CO CM coco r^ '^ "^ -HM rfrt o o • ■ 5J 2 o M r^o fi a o o a C rH rH -H ,-1 rtrt I, p 0) t^ O CJ t. c c o o a a ;Or)< CD CDOO « 2 (N CM IM CI M OO CM'O « 00 ON OO oor^ -H QOOO .-I O CD CO 00 c; CO c-i -H CM CMrH COr-iM t^t~ tO'O Tl -Jl rj( COCO oo ■*•* )00 00 oo coco .-i-H OOoo —"-I CO COCO --H --I 0000 Tt* T}< Tt* CO CO ■^ Tt* CD CD CM cm' I I I xoooo ■*"*< CO CO II CM CD cDcq o o gg CM ■* CO coco ^r^^^ r--H -f Tji ■• C» C^' CO coco TfTli-^jJ <5<; o o 'o'o Wffi s ^ ■£ TJ-d ^^ C3 C OJ fe(^ 03 c3 '~1 "1 61 IE m ftP. mra tH L^ ■S — > 2^ SS hfe ^b fcfe uo ns S 3 '3'3 gs o <:< o o OO ^1 0) < =a=3 o o o .§■§ o o m'm) oj sJ C3 o « UU UU WW OhPh H T3T3 T3X) T3T3 '0^3 T3T3 T3 c3 a c; rt C3 :3 r-l ^^ ^ J2 i^ ^^ XI Xi^ ^J2 ^X! ^X! -O^ n 3 3 d 3 3 3 3 3 3 WK WW WW WW WW w =y=y ^=a =a-« =tj»a c^oa =« £S iC M M M M bO M M M M to O O O O O O O O o KK «« «« «« «tf « C-l CM OO a r^rt rt c3 03 XI o oo H 00 00 1^ (^ t- o CO O .O lO rt rt C-l rH t^ CI O " CI — • ;i6 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 _ o D 1 d ■ ■a ~ H 03 00 ^^ »)< 0 1 I 1 1 CO 1 0 1 1 I 0 Eb ;« *^ C 5^ CO CO K a,' i£ * s C» C-. 0 CO CO < ^■s c 0 '^ m 35 0 1 ^ 1 1 1 0 0 0 ^ ■* t~ -1" t* t- CO t^ ci "^ ■* (i, <5 OJ.S ~ a o ■w 2 w 2 CO ^ t^ •^ t^ 0 CO lo CO t- lO ^ 0 •^ cc •— ' 0 r- 0 01 t^ CO 05 0 Cl 1^ s 00 ao ad CO X 00 00 •* iffl 00 oi d ci t- ►ii "S -x> M CO 0 05 CO 'f 05 0 0 CO « o> CJ iM CO t- •<»< Cl c» ■ 1 00 N t^ t^ z Mb 0 tT 0 CO o&^ 1 fe z si CO 0 C) a u a £1 (0 0) 01 a a V El] CO 0 G. c a 1 s c a a a o £ t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o i^p a a P c s a c c « 7^^ H ^ " ~S, 3 K c. 0 05 ^ 00 ic 0 I- X t- X t^ 0 „ S « CI iM c^ 31 0 '^ 0 1 CO t^ s CO t~ (N « ci ci ci ci *" Cl Cl CO '^ ■5 x: ;■ 1 ii "!_. i 0 !2 0 c: Jh ^ 00 10 00 Cl ci iy> _5 > .^ d U fe ^ 41 X 0 "3 b 3 •4-> ■3 0 0 tb 0 M b« at. s 1 6 u E Q 0 2 J: c ■s ci 0 00 1 -1< a 0 C 0 c TJ c Bi 0 T 00 cJ: 0 u ■ C3 0 C9 0 a. X >1 ^35 0 S 1 c ■0 i 0 0 X en J '5 02 u 3 M < X "i £ M C 0. ca M c *n a 1 Bi ui 6 ^ OT w ' 77. ' Ss'S 3_o; "* '^ '-' '" — ' '^ '^ CI '^ -<< N CO '^ Cl ?: /! — INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS I I I I I I I CCt^OO'OC^'OOt^Ci-* O 'M O -H O O O "*i CO c^ -# roOSOOOt^TfOiMOO -^ -^ -^ f, to (>- t^ t~ t- t- C. OS 00 05 o -tt^-«-l. <0 -^ 00>OC^-Ho' -*< t^ o lO M h- -^'Ol^O^'OOOOCOO:-* OC^tM^COC^^-HOO'J' 0"-i OCOWCOOi r5Mcoco'Oi-n-ico(M"-i'ra ■-irti-HrHiMi-iiNC^O'-i -sOOi CO CO CO CO ^3 CO CO CO CO CO CO ■* -t -*'«<■*■«»< ^^ tj< co -t -l CO CO CO CO CO N CO CO lO CO O (M o t>- io »i3 ^ lo •f hi. t, c c ^ ooooooooco o o o o o C fi s s s CO 00 rt ■N r-1 C 1-1 'O ■^ C5 -xi CO ^ iQ t» c^ r- •* CO cc t» t> c>) to CO -o >o ^ t^ •M M ri oi CO ci c !r, 0 — •B U •< tlH o o oou O o O O OOO 03 S 03 03 s 3 3 3 3 3 COOOO ok 00 7 .t oi) ti X ja j:-aj= -3 ^-a^x -ax p^PmX,CLiPL,!l,pHfl,fl o o o o o o o cc r» flO w OQ w fi swwwwpqwwwww (^plH(^(^[2H(^f3^(^(l4tq OO OOOOO en -f - - - CO - - - " - - - - - - -•^ w^^^, ^^_,- -- 0; -g'cfl C " OJ ■£ 0) o ;/.' jy.' ta c i ■"<;. C3 f-' L & '■ c f. tte. ^ != F ,>; (h l- u J=J3 -^ O C' ^ cu p n> a ux CHH 38 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 O 0 u to 3 O « CO 0 2 t« c % o O rt lO 00 t^ IN Ol O iNCCMCOfN fO 0(M ■* Tj< -^ lO «oooo T)c to CD CO CD CO CO r-(rt-< 000000 o I. u Jd u 0 *3 < u « a ■"tCO e<5(N COlO COM t>.CD I I IN IN ON in CO OJ ci (V S ? ^ o o o tH t^ b OOO o o o -*J +:> -t.^ t~M lO lO ooco CO-* ii 0 ,_,„ ^^ J u. ■" 03 c3 4J ca ?: CD CO CO CO c s a u u O O X X X X 'hJ °M o n 4J a a X X X X OOMWOO 3 s 4J 1 o c be U) c in CO w INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 39 (N N CO 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (N 1 1 1 1 1 t- ■* •* ■* -* in •V rt .— ( IN lom O (^ •^ o o o CD ^ COO CO O ICO ■* ■* lO o ■* ■>»<■* (^ o t~t> ,_, in lO IN CO ■* ^^ O) n 1^ o CD CO o 03 IN o CDtJI lO (NM o c o a o ■*' (N a c s Crt c •"* *"* B a •J r- o iMOO (N CO ot- 05 IN Ol (N ^ to CO r^ C»5 u-^ 1 to CO CO ■* i 1 1 00 00 1 oo 1 00 1 T in (N Jo 1 00 >n 1 1.0 CO Oic: Cl IN fQIN t^ o r!. 4. ■o A ,^ !< o CO (N *-* — CO Tf COCO CO -i< •>3< ■<}( w CO CJ ■* « CO ■* >: 2 j« 0 >< ^ tt a Z k 0 U ^ « a 3 3 u T3 E V X u a 4) 19 0 E « U 3 o a R J3 13 ^^ 6 U «8 V a a 0 a> .2.2 6 U a h 0 U n o a a u o a s 3 o O J3 ci « 0 h4 3 c3 I s 19 'r 00 1 00 CO 00 u 3 £ 4) N 4-1 u 0 u a C3 O h a £ "El u OS E >. o o >> E o -5 a O > X H H D > > ri CO o ->■"" S' S o E . bC c,' fl is c •S fl.£ aJ.H 3 "O Ci o ^°= a^ "' 2.9 g 3 (U o 40 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 J2 0_-S TO 5 <^ O ^^1 to lO o ^ o^ T-t Tfl 'J' C5 o o w CO o IN ■* >o •o o CC 00 COCO M N CO CO LO IN ■* CO CO 00 :tl as C CO rt -H IN(N OS OS COCO ■-H 00 00 to I 1 I I to Ci C T -^ 0 fa E o •a u (^ s s 0 .S ^ 3 fe — 3 c3 ^ 0 _0. fn ^ « 2^ _- & .5 s a (^ C ° ° r-1 .S o o <-J £■ S S t=> > c S o o .^j -*:> -k^ .fi -C H=X j: M hC M A tf Pi Pi > o i i Tl "OT! 01 0. S s§ OL' ai; OL' ^ 2 ^ •3 "O '^ a r'S ^ O ffi PM H a o c u I i p I I m PQ n M Ph PL, Ol Ph •* •* to en INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 41 CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS Summary of Results of the Inspection of Fertilizer Simples and Raw Products. I "c c J ° 'oii 1 o "3 c "^ V 1 02 1 c a li ^ A- 11 11 i-> fci o t-7; 5 t-. C O fc- > c^ i^ & §o ^y. ^H-; ¥<< ^^§ ^5. rut, > IS ^ ?^ < < ^ < < "^ c .Nitrate of soda . 82 28 15. 03 $00.95 $53.14 19.5 (nitrogen) Nitrate of potash 7 5 12.87 - - 44 . .55 120.92 101.68 24.5 (nitrogen) 6.5 (potash) Calcium nitrate . 1 1 14.. 50 - - ,50.00 49 . 30 17.2 (nitrogen) Calurea 5 5 33.38 ^ - _ 114.00 102. t)6 17.1 (nitrogen) Synthetic urea 4 3 40.. 34 - - - 170.00 1.39.02 18.3 (nitrogen) Ammonium sulfate 43 20 20.72 - - - 04 . 58 60.09 15.6 (nitrogen) Amnio-phos (20-20) 1 1 16.. 58 21 28 20.77 - 100.00 73.19 5. .5 (available I phosphoric acid 23.2 (nitrogen) Ainiiio-phoK il.S— ISi 3 3 11.14 .52.51 52.27 89.71 94 . 12 5.5 (available phosphoric acid) 14.3 (nitrogen) Cottonseed meal .56 ."50 0.01 1.70 - 1.90a| 51.20 47 . .59 3S.S (nitrogen) 6 Linseed meal old process 1 1 5.20 1.61 _ 1.92a 02 . 00 37 . 44 .59.0 (nitrogen) b Rapeseed meal . 1 1 5.00 1..52 _ 1.03a 45.00 40 . 32 40.2 (nitrogen) h Castor pomace 21 21 5.00 1.50 - 1.09a 34.00 36.00 34.0 (nitrogen) b Mowrah meal c . 1 1 2.69 .89 — 2.e4a 75.00 22.19 — Dried blood tankage 3 3 11.31 2.94 - - 87.20 79.85 37.2 (nitrogen) Hoof meal 2 1 13.80 - _ - 120.50 94.25 43.4 (nitrogen) Milorganite 4 1 4.94 2.55 _ _ 08.00 35.94 06.2 (nitrogen) Organic conditioner 4 1 0.10 1.02 - - 40.00 42.54 31.9 (nitrogen) Superphosphate (acid phosphate) 83 29 - 17 . .50 16.82 - 19.91 19.76 5.9 (available phosphoric acid) Precipitated phosphate 9 7 - 39.60 38.. 37 - 54.85 39.14 7.1 (available phosphoric acid) Basic slag phosphate . 6 2 - 17.41 15.79 - 27.06 16.44 8.6 (available phosphoric acid) Phosphate rock 1 1 - 34.00 - - 22.00 13.62 3.2 (available phosphoric acid) Muriate of potash 40 17 - - - 50.86 53.24 43.74 5.3 (potash) High grade sulfate of potash . 22 10 - - - 49.32 61.15 57.21 6.2 (potash) .Sulfate of potash-mag- nesia .5 4 - - - 28A8d 45,31 33.04 7.9 (potash) Dry ground fi.sh 24 19 8.. 50 7.47 - — 80.51 88.12 46.1 (nitrogen) .•Vcidulated fish scrap . 1 1 9.24 8.93 - - 30.00 89.98 14.2 (nitrogen) Tankage p 24 14 7.38 9.80 — — 52.65 58.41 29.1 (nitrogen) Ground bone / 93 47 2.80 25.. 52 - - .52.31 45.73 - Cotton hull ashes 1 ] - 5.30 — 20.30(7 92.55 49.76 16.8 (potash) Wood ashes 8 7 - 1.61 — 4.83a 30.02 9.83/1 - Pulverized sheep manure 38 S 1.76 1.22 - 3.e4a 50.18 14.01 - Natural sheep manure dusted from wool 1 ] 2.42 1.02 - O.S7a - 20.23 — Sheep and goat manure 14 2 1.40 .91 - 3.5O0 45.49 11.58 - Croat manure 6 1 1.38 1.15 3.02a 51.47 11.28 - Shredded cattle manure 3 1 . 95 1.27 — 2.02a 50.84 14.33 - Poultry manure . 6 1 5.40 2.68 - 1.30a 52.57 39 . 90/ ~ a Total potash. b In computing the pound cost of nitrogen, the value of the phosphoric acid and potash was not in- cluded. The average commercial valuation of the phosphoric acid and potash, based on 1929 trade values, ivould be: cottonseed meal, $2.93; linseed meal, $2.82; rapeseed meal, $2.04; castor pomace, $2.12. c Bought largely as a worm eradicator on golf greens and not for its plant food. d There was also present an average of 10.53'^'; of magnesium oxide. e Average tankage finer than 1/50 inch diameter, 47.66% ; coarser than 1/50 inch, 52.34%. ^ / Average ground bone finer than 1/.50 inch diameter, 60.49%; coarser than 1 /.50 inch, 33.51% . !} Water insoluble potash, 4.50% ; calcium oxide, 13.18%; magnesium oxide, 0.41%; chlorine, 5.12%. A The value of the lime and magnesium oxide present in a ton of average wood ashes would be about $5. This is not included in the valuation given here. The averages of the other determinations made were: moisture, 12.07%; calcium oxide, 32.96%; insoluble earthy matter, 12.68%,. i Nitrogen valued at $0.80 per unit, a? it is much more active than in the other manures for which the valuation is $5.75 por unit. 42 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Nitrogen Compounds. Under this heading will be found the fertihzer chemicals and unmixed materials valued chiefly for their nitrogen. Averages are given where more than one analysis has been made of the same brand; these are indicated by footnotes. Brands showing a commercial shortage of one dollar or more per ton are listed in a separate group and deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia. Nitrate of Soda. Sulfate of Ammonia. Manufacturer. NITROGEN. nitrogen. Number of Number of Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. Samples. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. 15.62 15.22 5 20.58 20.56 Apothecaries Hall Co. . 4a 15.72 14.80 1 20.96 20.58 .\rmour Fertilizer Works 6 15.48 14.81 1 20.80 20.56 Barrett Co. . {'■ 16.26 16.25 1 20.82 20.. 50 — — 8 21.06 20.75 Beach Soap Co. . 1 15.30 15.00 Berkshire Chemical Co. 4 15.48 15.00 _ _ _ Consolidated Renderins: Co. . \ 13a 15.54 15.49 15.22 15.42 7a 20.75 20.50 John C. Dow Co. 1 15.58 15.00 - _ _ Eastern States Farmers' Exchange 5 15.50 15.00 26 20.49 20.58 Thomas W. Emerson Co. _ 1 20.80 20.50 Ford Motor Co _ _ _ 3 21.10 20.80 Thomas Hersom & Co. 1 15.28 14.81 International Agricultural Corp. 2 15.58 15.00 6 20.57 20.. 57 Maine Farmers' Exchange 1 15.48 15.00 _ Mapes Formula ,l 7.03 8.58 7.41 8.22 9.18 5.25 9.15 4.57 46.41 44.77 53.39 .55.23 .lohn C. Dow Co. 5.21 5.00 16.84 14.00 56.01 43.99 International Agricultural ("orp. .... lb 5.. 35 4.94 20.66 13.73 42.90 57.10 Rogers & Hubbard Co. 7.40 7.40 10.33 6.86 34.70 65.30 N. Roy & Son . 8.57 7.00 8.67 10.00 56.84 43.16 Woodard Bros. . 4.42 4.. 50 21.94 18.00 4.20 95.80c Brand Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More per Ton. Eastern States Farmers' change . Ex- 2d 9.20 46.21 a Three analyses. b This tankage was tagged 9% ammonia and 20% phosphoric acid. The manufacturer claimed that the order called for 6% ammonia and 13.73% phosphoric acid, and that by mistake it was wrongly tagged; this was confirmed by the invoice of the agent. c Unground tankage. d Two analyses, .\verage commercial ^ho^rage, .$1.89. Shortages on individual .«ample.«, $2.27, $1.51. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 49 Ground Bone. 1 Total Phos- Dkgree of Number Nitrogen. PHORIC AciD. Fineness. Manufacturer. of Samples. Finer Coarser Found. Guaran- Found. Guaran- than than teed. teed. 1/50 Inch. 1/50 Inch. American Agricultural Chem- ical Co. 4 2.81 2.47 25.13 22.88 58.19 41.81 .\merican Chemical Special- tie.? Co. 3 2.71 2.47 24.24 24.00 71.28 28.72 [1 2.46 2.46 22.83 22.00 72.29 27.71 Apotheeario.s Hall Co. 3.47 3.29 20.26 20.00 61.72 38.28 Armour Fertilizer Works 6a 3.23 2.47 25.59 22.00 71,22 28.78 Beach Soap Co. 2 3.58 2.26 19.90 20.00 53.14 46.86 Berkshire Chemical Co. 4o 2.42 2.06 27.51 23.00 71.97 28.03 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. . 2 2.63 2.50 24.49 22.50 75.33 24.67 Butchers Rendering Co. o 3.84 2.46 21.84 20.00 74.23 25.77 Con.solidated Rendering Co. f 4« ! 1 2.77 2.10 2.46 2.06 25.77 30.46 22.90 22.88 73.62 69.02 26.38 30.98 Jacob Dold Packing Co. 1 3.19 2.47 23.60 20.00 73.90 26.10 John C. Dow Co. 7(7 1.99 2.00 26.86 24.00 73.51 26.49 Eastern States Farmers' Ex- change .... 1 2.60 2.50 27.04 23.00 66.56 33.44 Thomas W. Emerson Co. . 1 2.49 2.47 27.94 22.88 70.60 29.40 Thomas Hersom & Co. 1 2.67 2.00 22.45 16.00 71.00 29.00 International Agricultural Corp. .... 4 2.92 2.. 50 24.75 22.00 69.00 31.00 Mapes Fornuila & Peruvian j Guano Co. 1 2.67 2.46 25.64 23.00 65.63 34.37 Ceo. E. Marsh Co. 3a 2.60 1.65 26.97 22.89 61.64 38.36 New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co. .- 1 2.53 2.50 28.58 25.00 69.74 30.26 New England Rendering Co. 15a 2.34 2.08 28.86 25.17 72.21 27.79 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. .... 1 2.63 2.50 25.13 22.00 61.46 38.54 Carroll S. Page & Co., Inc. 5 4.21 3.70 19.77 22.00 38.07 61.93 Piedmont - Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc. 2a 2.42 2.47 26.47 22.88 75.06 24.94- i 3o 2.68 2.46 23.22 22.88 61.17 38.83 Rogers & Hubbard Co. 3o 3.87 3.69 26.48 24.70 98.77 1.23 2a 3.98 3.29 23.15 20.50 48.89 51.11 N. Roy & Son . 1 2.80 2.50 24.74 24.00 41.70 .58.30 F. Rynveld & Sons 2 2.32 1.85 27 . 30 22.88 54.70 45.30 M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. 1 3.89 3.70 22.07 21.00 52.92 47.08 Standard Wholesale Phos- phate & Acid Works, Inc. . 4b 2.40 2.47 25.75 22.00 52.61 47.39 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp 2 2.97 2.47 23.60 22.50 71.86 28.14 C. P. Washburn Co. . 1 2.63 2.50 25.18 23.00 50.12 49.88 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. . 1 . 2.63 2.46 27.80 22.00 74.04 25.96 a Two analyses. b Four analyses. Cotton Hulls Ashes and Wood Ashes. No. of Anal- yses. Mois- ture. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Cal- cium Ox- ide. Manufacturer AND Brand. Found. Guar- anteed. total. Wa- ter Sol- uble. Insol- uble Mat- Found. Guar- anteed. ter. R. & J. Farquhar Co. Hardwood Ashes International Agricul- tural Corp. Cotton Hull Ashes John Joynt Canada Wood Ashes . 1 1 6 14.20 6.70 10.95 1.96 5.36 1.55 1.75 5.00 1.00 4.65 30.86 4.67 4.00 30.85 3.00 4.40 26.30 3.60 34.02 13.18a 36.25 12.49 12.68 o Magnesium oxide, 6.41' v, chlorine 5.12'^, sulfuric acid (SO3) 3.60'j'^ . 50 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Pulverized Animal Manures. Total Total Phos- Total "o £ Nitrogen. PHORic Acid. Potash. Manufacturer OJ AND Brand. Sa •2 -t^ -° a -u 1 "O -d 1 "C -3 1 -a G a £ "3 2 3 o3_0J 61 a 3 o O a ^ c American Agricultural Chemi- cal Co. Pulverized Sheep and Goat ^Manure .... 6 1.30 1.23 .77 .50 3.34 2.00 35.00 American Chemical Special- ties Co. Garden Brand Sheep Manure . 2 2.00 2.00 1.15 1.00 2.47 2.00 63.35 Armour Fertilizer Works Sheep and Goat Manure 8 1.48 1.23 1.02 1.00 3.62 2.00 39.90 Berkshire Chemical Co. Berkshire Sheep Manure 2 1.90 1.80 1.79 1.00 3.70 2.00 65.10 Joseph Breck & Sons Corp. Breck's Ram's Head Brand Sheep Manure . 6 1.50 1.50 .64 .75 3.34 3.00 44.90 Consolidated Rendering Co. Corenco Sheep Manure . 9 1.44 1.23 1.02 .50 4.19 2.00 36.55 International Agricultural Corp. I. A. C. Caribee Brand Goat Manure .... 6 1.38 1.23 1.15 .50 3.02 2.00 35.13 Natural Guano Co. Sheep's Head Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 8 2.13 2.25 1.79 1.25 3.81 2.00 72.10 Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co. Groz-It Pulverized Sheep Ma- nure .... 4 1.41 1.25 .77 .75 3.90 2.50 45.35 Premier Poultry Manure Co. Premier Brand Shredded Cattle Manure .... 2 1.93 1.65 1.40 .85 2.97 2.00 66.43 Premier Brand Poultry Manure 6 5.40a 4.93 2.68 2.75 1.30 1.30 72.05 Premier Brand Sheep Manure. 3 2.15 1.64 1.53 1.00 2.19 2.00 61.05 Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Brand Cattle Manure 1 2.00 1.80 1.02 1.00 1.93 1.00 72.45 Wizard Brand Pulverized Sheep Manure .... 4 2.00 2.00 1.40 1.25 3.92 2.00 63.05 W. W. Windle Co. Natural Sheep Manure Dusted from Wool 1 2.42 2.44 1.02 .92 6.87 4.92 47.28 a Ammoniaeal nitrogen 1.10%. Stone Meal. • Manufactured by William N. McCrillis. Plant Food Elements. Soluble in Hydrochloric Acid. By Fusion Method. Potassium oxide ........ Phosphoric Acid ........ Calcium o.xide . Magnesium oxide ....... .04 .51a 2.86 2.46 1.13 .51 .5.15 3.40 a Soluble in aqua regia. The analysis of three samples of this Stone Meal, sampled at three different places (all in Barnstable County), is given above. None of the potash was soluble in water. There was 2.50 per cent of carbon dioxide (CO2) present, equivalent to 2.84 per cent carbonate of lime and 2.40 per cent carbonate of magnesium, which would have about 1/19 the neutraUzing effect on sour soils as would one ton of average ground limestone. Assuming, however, that all of the lime, magnesium, phosphoric acid and potash found soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid was effective INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 51 the first year, a plant food valuation of only 69 cents could be given on a ton of the product. The ton cost varied from $35 to $45. Colloidal Phosphate. This product was temporarily registered in Massachusetts as Florida Phosi)liate with Colloidal Clay. Later, through mechanical separation of the product supple- mented by a chemical analysis of the varioiis separated portions, both made at this institution, it was determined that the material was largely of a colloidal nature (having diameter of particles from .005 to .0001 mm.). Registration has since been completed under the name Colloidal Phosphate. This product is a low-analysis natural Florida phosphate known to the industry as "pond phosphate," a by-product in mining Florida rock phosphate. In the recovery of this Florida rock phosphate, water is used. The soft, finely divided phos- phate, with more or less clay and silt, is washed into ponds or basins, the finer material separating more abundantly at points farthest from the washer. When the water evaporates, the very finely divided deposit reinains, and this is the source of the product under discussion. The material is not sufficiently rich in phosphoric acid and, moreover, contains too much iron and alurnina to warrant its use in the manufacture of superphos- phate. Its use as a fertihzer is therefore restricted at present to direct application to the soil. The product is in no sense a complete fertilizer as it contains no nitrogen or soluble potash, but furnishes phosphoric acid in the form of tri- calcium, iron and alumina phosphate, forms considered unavailable according to official methods of analysis. With reference to its purchase as a source of phosphoric acid, without considera- tion of the claims of the producers as to merits based on its colloidal nature or any unique feature of its chemical composition, it might be compared to superphos- phate. The more common grade of superphosphate sold in Massachusetts contains 16 per cent available phosphoric acid of which from 9 to 11 per cent is in water soluble form. This product cost on the average during 1929, $20 per ton, deUvered, thus making the unit cost of available phosphoric acid from this source $1.25, which is at the rate of 6)^ cents per pound. The colloidal phosphate is guaranteed 22 per cent total phosphoric acid, no claim being made for either water soluble or available phosphoric acid. The ton price quoted for the product is $55, f.o.b. Boston, thus making the unit cost for (otai phosphoric acid $2.50, which is at the rate of 12^/2 cents per pound, or more than double the cost from superphosphate. This Station has made two analysis of the colloidal phosphate, with results as follows: • • , Total phosphoric acul. Sample received from Natural Products Corp. 20.40 Sample received from Market Garden Field Station 21.18 The product was registered under a guarantee of 22 per cent total phosphoric acid, no claim being made for water soluble or available phosphoric acid, nitrogen or potash. Our analyses, therefore, did not include these determinations. The variations noted in the composition of the two samples as compared with the guarantee are not surprising, as such a product is hkely to vary in composition, and it would hardly be an economical proposition to attempt its standardization. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS REGARDING FERTILIZERS. The following definitions and interpretations were adopted as official by vote of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists at a recent meeting held in Washington. .12 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Muriate of Potash (Commercial Potassium Chloride) Muriate of potash is a potash salt containing not les.s than forty-eight per cent (48%) of potash (K2O) chiefly as chloride. Sulfate of Potash (Commercial Potassium Sulfate) Sulfate of Potash is a potash salt containing not less than forty-eight i)er cent (4S'^'c) of potash (K2O) chiefly as sulfate, and not more than two and one-half per cent (2.5%) of chlorine. Ground Steamed Bone Ground steamed bone is a product resulting from grinding animal bones that have been previously steamed under pressure. Ground Raw Bone Ground raw bone is a product resulting from drying and grinding animal bones that have not been previously steamed under pressure. Tankage This term (without qualification) shall be restricted to meat and bone tankage derived from the rendered, dried, and ground by-products from the slaughter of animals, or from carcasses of animals that have died otherwise than by slaughter. Fish Tankage, Fish Scrap, Dry Ground Fish, Fish Meal Fertilizer Grade. Fish tankage, fish scrap, dry ground fish, fish meal fertilizer grade, is the dried ground product derived from rendered or unrendered fish. Garbage Tankage Garbage tankage is the rendered, dried, and groimd product derived from \vaste household food materials. Crude, Inert, or Slow- Acting Nitrogenous Materials Crude, inert, or slow-acting nitrogenous materials are unprocessed organic substances relatively high in nitrogen but having a very low value as plant food and showing a low activitj- by both the alkaline and neutral permanganate methods (below fiftv per cent (50%) and eighty per cent (80%) respectively). Hoof and Horn Meal Hoof and horn meal is a product resulting from tlie processing, drying, and grinding of hoofs and horns. Superphosphate Superphosphate is the product resulting froin mixing rock phosphate and sulfuric acid and or phosphoric acid. The grade shoukl always be used as a prefix to the name. Example: 16% Superi)hosphate. It is recommended that the use of the term "Acid Phosphate" be discontinued. VEGETATION POT EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE NITROGEN AVAIL- ABILITY OF PROCESSED LOW-GRADE MATERIALS, ACTIVATED SEWAGE AND OTHER ORGANIC FERTILIZERS. This is a report of results of a vegetation pot experiment and is a continuation of work begun five years ago in an efTort to study the actual availability of the nitro- gen in processed low-grade fertilizing materials valued chiefly for their content of organic^ nitrogen. For those materials under experiment for more than one year, the samples employed the previous season were not used in 1929 : new samples were secured which in most cases represent the products as manufactured in January or Februarv of 1929. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Composition of the Products under Experiment 53 Nitrogen. Name of Product. Total. In Am- moniacal rorins. In Nitrate Forms. Water Soluble Organic, Water InsolubTe Organic. Dried Red Blood (a) .... Grade used for feeding domestic animals. This is the standard by which the other products are rated. Dark Dried Blood (6) . Fertilizer grade. Mowrah Meal (c) . By-product from Dimorjihandia Excelsa, a tree belonging to the legume family and growing in Guiana and Trinidad. Sample furnished by Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Norfolk, Va. Hoof and Horn Meal (';) Process Tankage (6) Manufactured by Sniitl Norfolk, Va. Ueduction Co., Process Tankage "Smirow" . Manufactured by Smith Rowland Co., Inc. Norfolk, Va. Sample furnished by manufacturer. Said to be superior in quality to their regu- lar product. Garbage Tankage (6) . Omega Tankage ..... Manufactured by International Agricul- tural Corp. Sample furnished bj' manufacturer. Nitrolene ...... Manufactured by F. S. Royster Guano Co. Sample furnished by manufacturer. Milorganite (b) . . . Manufactured by Sewerage Commission of Milwaukee, Wis. Rape Seed Meal (b) . . . . Whale Guano (h) Nitrogenous Tankage (h) Manufactured by ^Ionroe & Co., Gla.sgow, Scotland. Agrinite (6) . Manufactured by American Agricultural Chemical Co. Hynite (6) . Manufactured by United Fertilizer Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Avail Tankage ..... Manufactured by Western Fertilizer Prod- ucts Co., Granite City, 111. Sample furnished by manufacturer. Peruvian Guano Imported by Nitrate Agencies Co., New York, N. Y. Sample furnished by importer. Darling's Tankage (h) . Manufactured by Darling & Co., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. Supernite Tankage (6) . Uric Acid ...... Purchased through Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y, 1.3.70 13.90 2.79 15.08 7.40 8.67 2.65 8.24 8.54 5.48 5.66 8.42 6.99 7.45 9.29 5.89 15.83 5.42 11.81 33.02 .19 .09 .03 .15 .59 .05 .04 .86 .19 .14 ,12 2.07 .24 .20 none none none none none .09 none none none none .13 .33 1.20 .34 .39 1.42 1.12 2.35 3 . 26 2.13 none 1.72 none 1.0] 3.89 1.73 1.28 .07 13.24 13.60 2.46 13.68 6.81 7.94 2.23 6.67 3.01 4.41 5.21 3.54 7.43 4.76 3.45 10.33 32.95 (o) This product also contained .66% total phosphoric acid. (b) Sample secured through trade channeLj. (c) This product also contained .85% total phosphoric acid, 1.93',' total potash. AS% calcium oxide, .33%, magnesium oxide. 54 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Outline of the Experiment Each pot received 38 pounds of soil mixture (one part loam from nitrogen deficient soil, Plot 9, North Soil Test, West End, and three parts of sifted sand). The fertihzers were mixed with the entire amount of soil in each pot, the amount of each material used being as follows: 14 grams of fine ground limestone, 5 grams each of muriate of potash and potash-magnesium sulfate, 23^ grams of high-grade sulfate of potash, 18 grams each of 16% superphosphate (acid phosphate) and basic slag phosphate. The nitrogen containing materials were applied in unit quantity sufficient to supply .42 grams of nitrogen. The experiment was run in two series to show (1) the availability of the total nitrogen and (2) the availabihty of the water insoluble nitrogen. Necessary checks were run mth double the amount of nitrogen from dried red blood, the standard nitrogen source, in order to prove that in the minimum nitrogen applications the full effect of the nitrogen would be secured. Checks were also run by using increased amounts of the basic fertilizer appUcation (phosphoric acid and potash) . Water was supplied by both sub-irrigation and surface appUcation in amounts representing 50 per cent of the water holding capacity of the soil mixture until hot weather when it was increased to 60 per cent. Japanese millet was the crop grown. All pots had ten plants when harvested with the following exceptions, aU of which had only nine plants per pot : 17, 26, 56, 62, 65, 76, 83, 96. In early August the lower leaves of all of the plants turned yellow. This did not prevent the further growth of the main stallc and upper leaves, but may have resulted in less dry matter yield and nitrogen recovery. As this condition appeared to be uniform on all pots, however, it probably would not interfere in making relative comparisons of both the dry matter yields and the nitrogen recovered. With the exceptions noted above, the experiment was conducted the same as described on pages 11 and 12, Control Bulletin 25. In the preparation of the soil, fertilizer appUcation, and general care of the experiment, including the harvesting of the crop, credit should be given to George J. Larsinos, a graduate student in the Department of Agronomy of the Massa- chusetts Agricultural College. The following table shows the yield of dry matter and the nitrogen recovered in the above-ground parts of the plant; the nitrogen availability of each product, from the standpoint of both total and water insoluble nitrogen and on the basis of yield of dry matter and nitrogen recovered from dried red blood being placed at 80. The activity of the total and water insoluble nitrogen in each product as shown by the two laboratory methods is also given. INSPECTION OF. COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 55 Series I. — Unwashed, (a) Yield of Dry Matter jer Pot 3rams) . Nitrog Recovei per Pc (Gram Average Relative Nitrogen Availability Dried Blood at 80. en cd Comparative Nitrogen Activity BY THE Chemical Methods. Source of Nitrogen. I (< t s.) Basis: Dry Matter Yield. Basis: Nitrogen Recovered Alkaline Perman- ganate Method. Neutral Perman- ganate Method. Dried Blood Red [47.75 51.64 49.55 .30 .34 .31 80.00 80.00 79.34 97.88 Dried Blood Dark . (48.10 1 51.05 .27 .31 79.88 73.26 75.34 73.88 Mowrah Meal . f 16.34 1 17.52 .11 .12 27.28 29.05 40.92 64.03 Hoof and Horn Meal (45.79 1 47.23 .28 .27 1 74.95 69.47 82.85 89.66 Process Tankage (36.79 39.62 .21 1 .23 1 61.56 55.57 62.64 86.38 Process Tankage "Smirow" 44.61 41.85 .25 1 .25 1 69.66 63.15 78.20 90.11 Garbage Tankage 30.15 28.73 .18 1 .191 47.44 46.73 39.92 69.54 Omega Tankage 35.70 35.53 .21 1 57.39 51.78 75.39 86.72 Nitrolene . . . ■ 47.35- 42.21 .28 1 .26 J 72.16 68.20 84.35 78.78 Milorganite . . . ■ 40.35 41.97 .26 1 .24, 66.32 63.15 67.59 83.99 Rapeseed Meal 39.45 40.06 .27 1 .24 64.06 64.41 60.11 91.59 Whale Guano ... 44.09 .42.91 .28 .26 j 70.09 68.20 77.11 97.03 Nitrogenous Tankage 42.12 39.31 .24 1 .23/ 65.61 59.36 75.89 83.49 Agrinite . . . . • 40.08 38.16 .23 1 .24/ 63.04 59.36 78.87 89.57 Hynite . ... . • 40.91 38.36 .24 1 .23/ 63.87 59.36 78.73 87.52 ■ Avail Tankage 31.38 25.17 .21 1 .16/ 45.56 46.73 58.78 68.81 Peruvian Guano 51.14 52.58 .34 1 .35 83.57 87.15 62.59 98.11 Darling's Tankage . 39.06 38.97 .24 .23 62.87 59.36 71.48 90.96 Supernite . . . < 45.37 43.33 .26 .26/ 71.46 65.68 78.66 96.85 Uric Acid . . . < 51.68 50.78 .33 .30 82.55 79.57 27.53 84.06 Dried Blood Red (6) . , 51.53 52.57 .32 .32/ 83.87 80.83 - - Dried Blood Red (c) . . J 76.77 78,05 .46 1 .54/ - - - - (a) By "unwashed" is meant the original ground material as furnished to the trade; "washed" designates each product largely freed from water soluble nitrogen by successive washings with water. (6) Potash and phosphoric acid IJ^ times the usual quantity, (c) Double amount of nitrogen used. 56 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Series II. — Washed (a) Yield of Dry Matter )er Pot 3rams) . Nitrog Recovei per P (Gram Average Relative Nitrogen Availability Dried Blood at 80. en xd Comparative Nitrogen Activity BY THE Chemical Methods. Source of Nitrogen. I « ot s). Basis: Dry Matter Yield. Basis: Nitrogen Recovered Alkaline Perman- ganate Method. Neutral Perman- ganate Method. f 52.78 .37 Dried Blood Red 51.33 45.79 .29 .25 80.00 80.00 70.60 97.80 Dried Blood Dark 22.75 1 23.98 .13 .16 37.41 38.25 74.80 73.30 Mowrah Meal . f 18.88 1 23.29 .12 .15 33.76 35.61 33.00 59.20 Hoof and Horn Meal (42.80 1 44 . 55 .28 .27 69.93 72.54 81.10 88.60 Process Tankage 1 29 . 62 1 32.87 .19 .20 50.03 51.43 59.40 85.20 Process Tankage "Smirow" 1 30.74 1 37.76 .20 .22 54.84 56.71 76.20 89.20 Garbage Tankage 1 26.71 25.09 .17 .16 41.67 43.53 28.60 63.80 Omega Tankage 31.60 29,33 .19 .17 1 48.78 47.48 69.60 83.60 Nitrolene ... 29.04 32.11 .18 1 .20 1 48.95 50.12 55.60 39.80 Milorganite ... 42.15 43.00 .25 1 .25 68.17 65.94 66.80 83.60 Rapeseed Meal 38.11 42.32 .23 1 .28 I 64.39 67.26 48.80 89.20 Whale Guano . . . • 45.75 47.20 .29 1 .29 1 74.41 76.49 63.00 95.20 Nitrogenous Tankage 31.34 26.46 .19 1 .17 1 46.29 47.48 52.40 67.40 Agrinite . . . . ■ 37.88 37.17 .24 1 .22 J 60.08 63.30 69.20 84.80 Hynite . . . . ■ 29.80 32.57 .18 1 .20 1 49.93 50.12 73.40 84.40 Avail Tankage 23.35 26.93 .15 1 .16 1 40.25 40.88 49.00 61.40 Peruvian Guano . < 59.10 65.45 .36 1 .38 j 99.71 97.59 40.60 97.00 Darling's Tankage 39.43 31.86 .23 1 .20 1 57.07 56.71 55.20 85.80 Supernite . . . • 43.66 43.43 .25 1 .27 ( 69.72 68.58 75.60 96.40 Uric Acid . . . < 55.46 55.87 .33 1 .34] 89.12 88.36 23.60 83.20 (a) By "unwashed" is meant the original ground material as furnished to the trade; "washed" designates each product largely freed from water soluble nitrogen by successive washings with water. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 57 Conclusions Drawn from the Experiment. Dark Dried Blood. Assuming that this material is the usual fertilizer grade of dried blood, its behavior is rather unexpected, both in the vegetation test and when studied by the laboratorj^ methods, and does not check with the uniformly good showing on the sample used in the 1928 experiment. The unusual features noted in the present case are the relatively low nitrogen activity by the neutral permanganate laboratory method and the low nitrogen availability of the water insoluble portion of the product as measured by both dry matter yield and nitro- gen recovered. It is hoped that further studies can be made on this product. Mowrah Meal. This is the first year's experiment with this material which is being sold largely as a worm eradicator on golf greens, claims also being made for its value as a source of plant food. Both the total and water insoluble nitro- gen show a low availability by the vegetation test and low activity by both laboratory methods. Horn and Hoof Meal. The results obtained this year confirm the results secured on other samples for the past three years and class the nitrogen as of good quahty. Process Tankage. About 92 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water in- soluble form. This completes three years' experiments with this product, all showing the water insoluble nitrogen to be of passing quality, but about 20 per cent less available than that from animal tankage and fish. Process Tankage "Smirow." This is the first year's experiment with this material. About 91 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form. Judged by either the vegetation test or the laboratory methods, it is of fair qual- ity, but somewhat under that derived from fish and animal tankage. Garbage Tankage. This is the first year's experiment with this product. About 84 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form and all of the tests, both vegetation and laboratory^ show the nitrogen to be of inferior quality. Omega Tankage. This is the third year that this product has been under experiment. About 80 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form, and its availability is below the passing mark of 50. These results confirm those secured in the 1927 experiment. On the sample tested in 1928, the availabiUty of the water insoluble nitrogen was a little over 53 per cent. The laboratory methods for the three years class the insoluble nitrogen as of passing quality, although in one instance, 1927, the alkaline method showed an activity below 50 and the neutral method an activity of only 80, the passing mark. Nitrolene. About 35 per cent of the nitrogen is in water insoluble form and of inferior quality as measured by the vegetation test. The alkaline method indi- cates an activity above the passing mark; the neutral method indicates inferior quaUty. When judged by the content of total nitrogen, quite satisfactory yields are obtained. This completes three years' experiments on this product. Milorganite. This test completes three years' experiments with this product. The three samples employed for the three years have shown a reasonably uniform composition, and the nitrogen availability has been consistent and quite satis- factory, although averaging a little below that of fish and animal tankage.. Rapeseed MeaL This is the first year's experiment with this material. About 78 per cent of the total nitrogen is insoluble in water. The availability noted is a little under but compares favorably with results secured in 1928 on cottonseed meal and castor pomace. Whale Guano. About 62 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form. The availability noted compares favorably with results secured in 1928 on a similar sample and with results secured on fish and animal tankage. This completes two years' experiments on this product. 58 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 Nitrogenous Tankage. About 51 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form. Although the nitrogen activity is above the passing mark by the laboratory methods, the vegetation test shows the water insoluble nitrogen to be of inferior quality. In 1928 it was found to be of passing quahty, although about 20 per cent less available than the water insoluble nitrogen from animal tankage. This completes two years' experiments with this material. Agrinite. About 69 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form. This completes three years' experiments with this product. All of the tests have shown the water insoluble nitrogen to be of passing quahty, but from 10 to 20 per cent below that recorded for fish and animal tankage. ' Hynite. About 80 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form and shows an availability of about 50 per cent, which is about 13 per cent under re- sults recorded for 1928. In 1927 and 1926 the water insoluble nitrogen was classed by the vegetation tests as of inferior quality. The availability of the total nitro- gen is about 61 per cent, as compared with dried red blood at 80 per cent. Avail Tankage. About 81 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form and of inferior quaUty, as measured by both the vegetation test and both laboratory methods, being about 30 per cent imder that for fish. This completes three years' experiments with this material during which consistent results have been secured. In only one year was the water insoluble nitrogen found of passing quality (50 per cent available). The availabiUty of the total nitrogen is only about 46 per cent, as compared with about 50.5 and 58 per cent for 1927 and 1928, respectively. Peruvian Guano. About 63 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form. The availability of both the total and the water insoluble nitrogen is higher than for dried i*ed blood which is used for the standard. These results confirm those secured in 1928 on a similar sample. It would seem that the alka- Une laboratory method was not reliable in measuring the activity of the water insoluble nitrogen in this material as it has shown results below 50 per cent each year. The neutral laboratory method gives satisfactory results on this product. Darling's Tankage. This completes two years' experiments on this product. About 64 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form, and in quality from 15 to 17 per cent under fish and animal tankage. Supernite. About 87 per cent of the total nitrogen is in water insoluble form. The availability of both the total and the water insoluble nitrogen is satisfactory and confirms results secured in 1928 on a similar sample. Uric Acid. This years' results confirm the availabiUty secured in the 1928 experiment on the same sample, the quality of the nitrogen surpassing that from dried red blood used as the standard. The Effect of Manganese Salts on Yield of Dry Matter and Recovery of Nitrogen. In order to obtain data as to the effect of varying amounts of manganese sulfate on yield of dry matter and nitrogen assimilated, as well as a comparison of the effect of manganese carbonate with manganese sulfate, ten additional pots were included in the experiment. All of these pots received the unit quantity of nitro- gen (.42 gram) in the form of dried red blood. The same basic fertilizer used in the main experiment was used in these pots also, except that in the case of the pots receiving manganese carbonate and one pair of pots receiving manganese sulfate, all the phosphoric acid was derived from 16% superphosphate instead of from equal parts of superphosphate and basic slag phosphate. One pair of pots received 2.6 grams of a mineral containing 36.65% Mn304 in the form of manganese carbonate with some manganese silicate. This mineral was the same product that was used in the 1928 experiment in two, four and six- INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 59 gram applications per pot, with the result that no appreciable increase in either yield of crop or recovery of nitrogen was noted. The present experiment differed from that of 1928 only in the use of 16% superphosphate to supply all of the phos- phoric acid, whereas equal amounts of superphosphate and basic slag phosphate were used in 1928. The basic slag phosphate was eliminated because it is known to carry some manganese. The following table shows average yields and nitrogen recovered per pot.The pots receiving dried red blood with the regular basic fertilizer are included in the table as a basis for comparison. AvERAOE Yield peb Pot Amount Number Materluj Tested. Applied of per Pot. Pots. Dry Matter. Nitrogen. grams grams grams No manganese ...... - 3 49.65 .317 Manganese carbonate (o) . . . . 2.6 2 50.65 .315 Manganese sulfate (a) . 2.6 2 52.14 .325 Manganese sulfate (b) . 2.6 2 54.49 .325 Manganese sulfate (6) . 5.2 2 55.17 .335 Manganese sulfate (b) . 7.8 2 54.27 .315 (a) AU the phosphoric acid from 16% superphosphate. (b) Phosphoric acid half from 16% superphosphate and half from basic slag. No significant increase either in yield of dry matter or in nitrogen recovered is noted where manganese carbonate was used, with superphosphate to supply the whole ration of phosphoric acid. A rather slight increase is noted both in dry matter yield and in nitrogen re- covered where manganese sulfate was used in varying amounts up to 7.8 grams per pot. This latter amount, the maximum ration of manganese, appears to have caused a depression in assimilation of nitrogen, accompanied by a slight decline in dry matter yield. The minimum amount of manganese sulfate used (2.6 grams per pot) is equiva- lent to the use of about 370 pounds of commercial manganese sulfate per acre. ♦30 CONTROL SERIES No. 51 DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILl- ZERS FOR SALE IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1929. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 89 Broad St., Bo.-ston, Mass. American Cyanamid Co., 535 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Soda Products Co., 322 Chestnut St., Moorestown, N. J. Anglo-Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Apothecaries Hall Co., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Work.s, 10 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. Ashcraft-Wilkin.-ion Co., Atlanta, Ga. Baker Castor Oil Co., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Barrie Laboratories, Inc., 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co., Inc., 60 Canal St., Stamford, Conn. Beach Soap Co., Cor. Maple and Lawrence Sts., LawTence, Mass. Berkshire Chemical Co., 92 Howard Ave., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Inc., 390-2 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. .Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 85 State St., Boston, Mass. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. C & R Sales Co., Box 835, Worcester, Mass. Lyman Carrier, Granger, Ind. E. D. Chittenden Co., 1115 Main St., Bridgeport, Conn, (^lay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, England. Collins Seed Service Co., (iO Congress St., Boston, Mass. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Ma.ss. Davev Tree Expert Co., Kent, Ohio. .Jacob Dold Packing Co., 745 WilUam St., Buffalo, N. Y. .John C. Dow Co., 121 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. Eastern Cotton Oil Co., 600 Board of Trade Bldg., Norfolk, Va. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Box 1482, Springfield, Mass. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex Fertilizer Co., 39 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravens wood Ave., Chicago, lU. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 and 9 South Market St., Boston, Mass. Ford Motor Co., Fordson, Mich. H. L. Frost & Co., 20 Mill St., Arlington, Mass. Coding & Edwards, Zellwood, Fla. Grasselli Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio. .James J. H. Gregory & Son, Inc., 198 Oxford St., Lynn, Mass. Thomas Hersom & Co., New Bedford, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Hyper-Humus Co., Newton, N. J. International Agricultural Corp., 38 Chauncy St., Boston, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Somerville, Mass. .John Joynt, Lucknow, Ontario, Canada. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., 98 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Kelloggs & Miller, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. JJttle Tree Farms, Pleasant St., Framingham Centre, Mass. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Maine Farmers Exchange, 801 Chapman Bldg., Portland, Maine. Leon C. Mansfield, 12 Valley St., Maiden, Mass. Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. A. G. Markham & Co., 20 Stoekbridge St., Springfield, Mass. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., East Lynn, Mass. McCallum Co., Inc., 133 Seventh St., Pittsburgh, Penn. William N. McCrillis, 89 State St., Boston, Ma.ss. Merrimac Chemical Co., 14S .State St., Boston, Mass. Meyer & Mendelsohn, Inc., 169 Water St., New York, N. Y. Middlesex County J'arni Bureau, 740 Main St., Waltham, Ma.'s.s. Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. Milwaukee Sewerage Commission, .508 Market St., Milwaukee, Wi.^. Mitchell FertiUzer Co., 26 South Water St., Providence, R. I. Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. Natural Products Corp., Ocala, Fla. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 174 Somerville Ave., Somerville, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40-A North Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Rendering Co., R. 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. Old Dcerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc., 28 Sugarloaf St., South Deerfield, Mass. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Pacific Manure & FertiHzer Co., 429 David St., San Francisco, Cal. Carroll S. Page Co., Inc., Hyde Park, Vt. Parmenter & Polscy FertiUzer Co., 41 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Rear 654 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md. Plant Products Co., Biddle and Morton Sts., Baltimore, Md. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 308 West Washington St., Chicago, HI. Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Ro,se Manufacturing Co., S. E. Cor. 37th and Filbert Sts., Philadelphia, Penn. Ross Brothers Co., Worcester, Mass. N. Roy & Son, 618 Newport Ave., Attleboro, Mass. F. S. Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Ruhm Phosphate & Chemical Co., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. F. Rynveld & Sons, 350 Greenwich St., New York, N. Y. G. M. Seidel, 10 Allen PI., Northampton, Mass. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc., 3600 North Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. Smith Agricultural Chemical Co., Columbus, Ohio. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS til .Standard WLok-salu Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Stimuplant Laboratories, Inc., Nelson Ave. and Rawson St., Long Island City, \. V. Swift & Co., Fertilizer Works, Baltimore, Md. Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp., 28.5 Madison Ave., New York. N. Y. Henry J. Taubert Co., Cochituate, Mass. Tennessee Copper & Chemical Corp., Lockland, Ohio. William Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland. Triton Oil and Fertilizer Co., 101 Beekman St., New York, N. Y. Uniform Products Co., Inc., Ill Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Vex Sale.s Corp., 1735 Armitage Ave., Chicago, 111. Victory Fertihzer Corp., 113 State St., Boston, Ma.ss. Virginia-CaroUna Chemical Corp., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Virginia-CaroUna Chemical Corp., Richmond, Va. C. P. Washburn Co., Cambridge St., Middleboro, Mass. Wessel, Duval & Co., 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Wilcox Fertilizer Co., 56 West Main St., Mystic, Conn. W. W. Windle Co., 95 West Main St., Millbury, Mass. Woodard Bros., Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN NO. 52 DECEMBER, 1929 Inspection of Agricultural Lime Products By H. D. Haskins and H. R. DeRose This is the eighteenth report on the inspection of agricultural lime products in Massachusetts. It gives the composition of the various products which have been sold, supplemented by comparative costs of units of effective oxides present. The function of lime as a soil amendment is briefly discussed and tabulated data give suggestions as to safe applications based upon known soil reactions. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. 2500-2-'30. No. 8045 INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1929. By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist, assisted by H. R. DeRose. Manufacturers and Brands. Twenty-nine different brands of lime and two brands of gypsum were regis- tered in Massachusetts in 1929 by 21 different firms. The nature of the products is shown by the following list: Hydrated or slaked lime 14 Ground limestone 11 Lime kiln ashes 2 Precipitated lime 1 Oyster shell lime 1 29 Gypsum or land plaster 2 The representative samples, analyses of which appear in the tables following, were secured by four sampling agents who cover the state each spring when drawing samjiles of fertilizer. Tlie lime samples were therefore drawn from a wide area and with the same care that characterizes the sampling of fertilizers. The samples should be fairly representative of the products registered, although lime that has been burned and hydrated will absorb carbonic acid from the air, and burned lime that has not been completely hydrated by artificial means will take on moisture from the atmosphere. The amount of exposure to which such limes are subjected determines the extent of changes which have occurred. If the lime is in tight paper sacks, the tops of which are securely tied or fastened, the changes resulting during a reasonable length of storage are not great; and any change due to absorption of either water or carbonic acid does not seriously diminish the effectiveness of the lime product as it simply makes the package that much heavier. All of the lime products registered in Massachusetts during 1929 were sampled and analyzed with one exception. No sample was secured of Producto Agri- cultural Limestone, registered by Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. Variations and Deficiencies in the Composition of Lime Products. Among the hydrated, air-slaked, and precipitated limes and lime ashes re- ported in Table I no serious deficiencies are found; in fact only one test out of 17 brands analyzed showed a deficiency. This was in the calcium oxide found in the Producto Agricultural Hydrate, sold by Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass., and in this case the 1.53 per cent calcium oxide deficiency was more than made up by the overrun of 2.45 per cent magnesium oxide. A common char- acteristic of all the products listed in this group is the very substantial over- runs in both calcium and magnesium oxides, as compared with the minimum guarantee. Among the ground limestones listed in Table II only one brand is noted where the sum of the calcium and magnesium oxides found did not substantially meet the sum of the guarantees. This was the Monarque Brand, sold by the Miller Lime Products Corporation. The analysis, representing cores taken from 70 sacks out of 351/2 tons found at three dift'erent warehouses, shows the presence of 7.55 per cent insoluble matter, which might indicate that these lots were from 3 stone near tlie surface where contamination by earthy matter is not unusual. Tlie raw ground limestones sold in Massachusetts are as a whole in a satisfactory mechanical condition, only one brand out of 11 sold showing less than 70 per cent that would pass through a 100-mesh sieve. The exception noted was the product made by the Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Inc. Only 42 per cent of this passed a 100-mesh sieve. About 80 per cent should pass a 100-mesh sieve to be equally effective with the hydrated products. No deficiencies were noted in case of the gypsum products, although the one put out by the Atlantic Gypsum Products Co. carried a relatively large amount of carbonate of lime, which reduced in proportion the amount of calcium sulfate present. Explanation of Tables of Analyses. Table I, "Proportion of total oxides as carbonates." The data furnished in this column are calculated from an actual determination of carbon dioxide (CO2). Calcium or magnesium not in the form of carbonate is present either as hydrated (water- or air-slaked) or as burned lime (caustic or unslaked). It should be understood that all of the products listed in this table have at some time been burned, and the proportion of oxides present as carbonates indicates to what extent the product has absorbed carbonic acid from the air. "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton" represents the sum of the calcium and magnesium oxides in one ton of the lime product, assuming that both ingredients from this source will become readily available. The calculations found in column "Cost of 100 pounds of eflPective oxides" are based on prices furnished by the producers. Table II, "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton." In securing these data the degree of fineness to which the limestone has been ground is taken into con- sideration. On those products which are finely ground so that all of the material will pass through a 20-mesh sieve, it is assumed that all of the calcium and mag- nesium oxides will become available in the soil within a five-year period. On those products which will not wholly pass a 20-mesh sieve, it is assumed that the oxides in that portion which is coarser than 20-mesh will be only 50 per cent effective during the same period. Under "Mechanical analysis" the figures represent in round numbers the percentage of product that would pass the various meshed sieves mentioned. In both tables the figures in parenthesis following the brand name show the number of samples collected and analyzed. Table I. — Hydrated or Slaked, Air-Slaked and Precipitated Limes and Lime Ashes. Calcium Magnesium m w 1 - - Oxide (CaO). OxiDE(MgO). •w 2 § -2 c (a 9 o3 O '3 O ^t^-^ "3 > So«.^ Name of Manufacturer and Brand. l| d M fc. o fe O PU, Ph o-;3fe!» Brewer & Co., Inc., Worcester, Mass. (a) Producto Agricultural Lime (1) . 64.72 60.00 3.62 1.00 1/4 1347 $0.41 Producto Agricultural Hydrate (2) 58.47 60.00 3.45 1.00 1/4 1238 .61 Farnam Cheshire Lime Co., Far- nan-is, Mass. Agricultural Lime (3) . . . 66.03 60.00 1.01 none 1/2 1341 .37 Lime Kiln Ashes (1) (6) . 35.18 35.00 2.75 none 9/10 759 .92 Hampton Co., Easthampton, Mass. Precipitated Lime (1) . . . 49.59 48.00 1.48 .50 9/10 1021 .66 Burton K. Harris, Saylesville, R. I. Slaked Lime (1) . . . . 5L32 50.00 18.38 18.00 1/10 1394 .84 Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Inc., Adams, Mass. Adams Land Lime (1) . 6L29 58.00 1.56 .50 3/10 1257 .48 Adams Lime Kiln Ashes (1) (c) . 58.65 50.00 2.03 .50 1/3 1214 .49 Lawrence Portland Cement Co., Thomaston, Maine. Mainrok (1) .... . 70.02 68.00 1.74 .50 1/7 1435 .. (d) Lee Lime Corp., Lee, Mass. Agricultural Lime (1) 47.21 40.00 30.83 20.00 1/17 1565 .54 Lee Agricultural Hydrate (2) 46.73 46.00 32.45 32.00 1/20 1584 .54 Canaan Agricultural lyime (1) (c) 48.75 45.00 27.17 26.00 1/5 1518 .43 Luckey Lime and Supply Co., Luckey, Ohio. Luckey General Purpose Lime (1) 46.30 42.80 31.37 32.70 1/20 1553 .. (/) Miller Lime Products Co., West Stockbridge, Mass. Agra Land Lime (1) ... 45.89 45.00 10.23 8.00 1/2 1122 .71 New England Lime Co., Adams, Mass. Agricultural Lime (2) . . . 60.30 50.00 2.74 .50 2/5 1261 .51 Agricultural Hydrate (1) . 58.97 40.00 2.59 1.50 1/3 1231 .77 Rockland & Rockport Lime Corp., 45 Milk St., Boston, Mass. R-R Land Lime (6) . 60.63 60.00 6.82 .50 1/3 1349 .44 United States Gypsum Co., 300 West Adams St., Chicago, III. Agricultural Hydrated Lime (1) 45.46 40.00 26.01 20.00 1/8 1429 .. (d) Commercial value of potash and phosphoric Commercial value of potash and phosphoric a Plant at Winooski, Vt. h Total potash .32%, total phosphoric acid .14%. acid in one ton, 37 cents. c Total potash .38%, total phosphoric acid .15%. acid in one ton, 42 cents. d Price not furnished. e Shipping point, Canaan, Conn. / 1928 stock. No price secured in ton lots. Two-pound packages retail for 10 cents. This material was registered in Massachusetts this season by the National Gypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y. V § m -n c 3 0 13 C (4 V c o E 13 C 3 O h 0 D G 0) £"03 u H 2 J Qj CO W -^ 3-0 0 «* c: S Ss z S3 , 0 Sen o 0 " iC^gSS u o X 50 § ; .5 J! S' I— ^ — " 5 ~ b 5 e '^ C B ?— " "l 5 r- "- r/3 O a* *J = <^ M fc J o « O « u 2 3 C Table III. Gypsum or Land Plaster. Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcium Sulfate (CaSOi). Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Found. Guar- anteed. Found. Guar- anteed. (CaC03- MgC03). Found. Atlantic Gypsum Products Co., Ports- mouth, N. H. Atlantic Agricultural Gypsum (1) United States Gypsum Co., 300 West Adams St., Chicago, III. Ben Franklin Agricultural Gypsum (1) 32.70 32.23 30.61 30.00 68.67 77.46 74.76 64.50 9.56 2.39 Note: Gypsum does not neutralize sour soils. The Use and Function of Lime in Agriculture. The great majority of Massachusetts soils through many years of use contain acid reacting residues which may unfit them for maximum production. In the absence of natural alkaline soils in New England, it may be said that most of our soils that do not respond with satisfactory crops following the liberal use of farm manures and fertilizers would benefit by a treatment that would change the soil reaction to a less acid condition. The most convenient method of accom- lilishing this result is by the use of lime furnished in the abundant and con- veniently located lime deposits of our section. It may be pointed out that the use of certain basic fertilizers, such as nitrate of soda and basic slag phosphate, tends to prevent the occurrence of extreme acid condition of soils. Their purchase, however, at very much of a premium over equally effective nitrogen and phosphorus products as sources of plant food might be questioned, in view of the relatively low cost of agricultural lime products which are always effective in reducing soil acidity. There are several methods of measuring the acid reaction of soils, or, as it is sometimes expressed, the lime absorption capacity of soils, such as the Hopkins, the Veitch, the Truog, and the Jones methods, not to mention various colori- metric methods which are largely based upon the hydrogen ion concentration or pH value of the soil solution. Aside from its acid neutralizing effect, other benefits are likely to follow the use of lime on acid soils having a low response to farm manure and fertilizer. The more prominent of these are briefly mentioned as follows: Lime products high in both calcium and magnesium oxides furnish both of these plant food elements in available form. Indications have been recently noted of magnesium shortage in a few Massachusetts soils, particularly where tobacco has been the dominant crop for many years. This condition is usually referred to as sand drown. Observations as to magnesium shortage have also been noted on certain plots under experiment at this Station. It may be appropriate at this time to give to magnesium oxide the greater ad- vantage which it possesses in its acid neutralizing effect, due to the lower mole- cular weight of its compounds. The percentage of magnesium oxide multiplied by the factor 1.39 will give the neutralizing equivalent of calcium oxide. It should be pointed out that large applications of magnesia will prove injurious to vegetation. It is not likely, however, that an application of five to six tons per acre of a magnesian limestone, followed every four to five years by a two- ton application, would ever produce injury. Liming hastens the decomposition of existing organic matter in the soil, thus liberating much of the nitrogen which is associated with it. Liming also pro- duces a better environment for nitrifying bacteria, and the presence of lime 7 furnishes an active base for the formation of the resulting nitrate salt. Liming is very favorable to bacteria found in the nodules on roots of various leguminous* plants. The presence of a liberal amount of lime in soils is unfavorable to certain parasitic organisms vi^hich cause club root of cabbage and a similar trouble with turnips known as finger and toe disease. Although lime decreases the tendency to these diseases, it favors the development of scabby fungus of potatoes and black root rot of tobacco, and should be used with great care and in moderate quantities on soils that will be devoted to these crops. The more active forms of lime will improve the physical condition of heavy clay soils, making them more open and porous and thus easier of tilth. Lime Recommendations. It is a relatively simple matter to determine the lime absorption capacity of a given soil by any one of the laboratory methods. It is equally simple to esti- mate the hydrogen ion concentration or pH value of soils by any one of the colorimetric methods or by direct reading with the potentiometer which meas- ures the electrical resistance of the soil solution. It is an entirely different matter, however, to make exact recommendations as to lime applications based upon results secured. In fact, there are so many varying factors which enter into the problem that at best we can only offer suggestions which may apply to the majority of medium to fine sand and silt loams. It should be borne in mind that the amount of lime to be applied to any given soil must vary according to the crop grown, the type of soil, and the character of lime i^roduct used. Sufficient data may never be accumulated to cover all con- ditions, and the grower must to a considerable degree make his own interpreta- tion. The following table has been prepared as a rough guide in liming soils on the basis of their hydrogen ion concentration or pH value only. A hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 7 denotes a neutral reaction, being neither acid nor alkaline; above 7, an alkaline condition. With average Massa- chusetts soils, therefore, reactions such as these (and they are few in number) indicate that the use of lime is unnecessary. A pH below 7 denotes acidity; and the stronger the acid reacting matter in the soil, the lower becomes the reading, and the more lime is needed to correct the condition. A pH of 4 or less indicates an exceptional concentration of acid reacting medium and usually calls for a relatively heavy lime application for most crops and soils. A reaction ranging between 4 and 5 would be called very acid ; between 5 and 6, moderately acid ; and between 6 and 7, slightly acid. Suggestions as to Lime Applications. Ground Limestone, Marl, Shell Lime and Lime Ashes. Tons per Acre, (a) Plants. pH 4 or less. pH 4 to 5. pH 5 to 6. pH 6 to 7. Alfalfa 4 2H 2 1 Apples . I'A 1 0 0 Asparagus 4 21^ 2 1 Azalea 0 0 0 0 Barley 2y2 2 1 0 Beans, garden I'A 1 0 0 Beans, soy IVi 1 0 0 Beets 4 2^ 2 1 Blackberries Vi 0 0 0 Blueberries 0 0 0 0 Buckwheat 1 J-2 0 0 Cabbage . 4 lyi 2 1 Cantaloupes 2M 2 1 0 Carnations 254 2 1 0 Carrots . 2^ 2 1 0 Cauliflower 4 lyi 2 1 Celery 2}-^ 2 1 0 Clover, alsike 1^ 1 0 0 Clover, red Wi 1 0 0 Clover, sweet 2J4 2 1 0 Clover, white IH 1 0 0 Corn IH 1 0 0 Cranberries 0 0 0 0 Cucumbers 2\i 2 1 0 Lettuce . 4 2J/2 2 1 Mangels . 2>4 2 1 0 Millet . \V2 1 0 0 Oats Wi 1 0 0 Onions . 4 1M 2 1 Parsley 2V2 2 1 0 Peaches, pears and plums Wi 1 0 Q Peas, both field and gardei Wi 1 0 0 Potatoes (in rotation) 1 H 0 0 Pumpkins 2^ 2 1 0 Radishes 2^ 2 1 0 Raspberries y^ 0 0 0 Red top . 1 yz 0 0 Rhododendron 0 0 0 0 Rye 1 J^ 0 0 Spinach . 4 2}^ 2 1 Squash 2J4 2 1 0 Strawberries Vi 0 0 0 Timothy 2yi 2 1 0 Tobacco . Wi 1 0 0 Tomatoes 1^ 1 0 0 Turnips . .Wi. 1 0 0 Watermelon H 0 0 0 Wheat . iM 1 0 0 a When using hydrated or slaked lime, use }/i less. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 53 MAY, 1930 Tenth Annual Report on Eradication of Pullorum Disease in Massachusetts 1929-1930 By H. Van Roekel, K. L. BuUis, and G. L. Dunlap. This bulletin reports the progress of the pullorum disease eradication program in Massachusetts. The objective of the program is to encourage poultrymen to adopt the following eradication measures: — (1) early test- ing of entire flocks, (2) if infected, elimination of reactors and retesting of the flock within the same season until there are no reactors, or replace- ment with stock from 100 per cent tested non-reacting flocks, (3) annual 100 per cent testing to maintain a non-reacting flock. The data compiled show an encouraging increase in the number of birds tested and in the percentage of poultry population in non-reacting flocks. Requests for bulletins should be addressed to the AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AMHERST, MASS. TENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE IN MASSACHUSETTS 1929-1930 H. Van Roekel, K. L. Bullis, and G. L. Dunlap' During the 1929-30 testing season under the Poultry Disease Elimination Lyaw furtiher progress was made toward eradication of pullorum disease. These encouraging results are the effects of soimd disease eradication meas- ures as adopted by an increasing number of pouJtrymen. Credit is due to Dr. \V. R. Hinshaw and Dr. E. F. Sanders (now of the University of California and the University of Missouri, respectively) for leaving the work so well established; and also to the various agencies which cooperated in the eradication program. Service Rendered During the Season Marked increases are observed in the number of tests and the number of autopsies of doubtful reacting birds. An effort was made to obtain more information on early pullet testing and intensive retesting. Further informa- tion in regard to pullorum disease in fowls otl^er than chickens was obtained. Summary of Service Bendeied Applications received 475 Applications cancelled 14 Flocks tested 46 1 * Tests made 386,682 Routine 377,152 Experimental 9,530t Autopsies of doubtful reactors 228 Personal conferences from March 1, 1929 to March 1, 1930 125 * Includes one flock of pheasants. t Includes 584 fowls other than chickens. Distribution of Tests and Reactors Classified According to County and Breed. — Table 1 shows the distribution of total tests and positive tests by counties in each of ten breeds, with other breeds grouped as miscellaneous because of the small numbers tested. Rhode Island Reds, White Leghorns, Barred Plymouth Rocks, and AVhite Plymouth Rocks were the predominating breeds and were represented by tested birds in every county, with the exception of White Leghorns in Barnstable and Franklin Counties and Barred Plymouth Rocks in Berkshire County. The ^ Respectively Chief of Laboratory and Assistant Veterinary Pathologists. Consider- ation is extended to Dr. J. B. Lentz, Head of the Veterinary Science Department, and Miss Miriam Clarke, technical assistant, for their assistance in the work and in the preparation of the report. S]S9] 31111} so J ^-^ ^!?< si 29 0.00 IBiOX in© Tj© 00© inoo -HO aot^ in^ o^nO t^ -•« © wsw "fire sefj f3»^ ^Ci 11 o^ w « »» »N r«5 OtC ^' © 2 « £ © 13-iSB01O\\ wo oo "305 oorji ma> Oi—I lOOl CO>H ■<»< Oi-C ■^tO -f >-i to IN 00 >0 rt' CO : g2 M >e ^ !C ^ to IC* q^nouii^lj i-iiO (N-* -HOO 'I'lN OO COO ooiOiooc-irooocs M cow- ^- t,- 00(N (NCO • CO i-ii-i ■ CO 2 ?" *^ 2 E! "=^ ^10}i0M INO <00 00'<1< »-lrH TOO 0S_'0 (» o_ CC to t-O (N ■ cow © >e o 2: s ^ ^- *". Q^ xasaippij^ 1-Hl^ OC>l OOCO iHOO Tfio lOO C>)0>03 OswIN CO CO U0C^_ w 00 !--_ lO IM-W ■^ 00 w" • INO • o ajiqsdiuBjj 0000 <-"» t-O wO "CO •o IN c-i w CO 'J- ^ i>.M CO " w CO • C^tO ^ O Oo uapduiBfj XC3 OO CC'-H C0:O iNl^ lO 00 1-1 CO I-_^ rH X w wO COCO f^ fS CO 3 K =5 © "^ UlJTJUBJjJ COO COCO in" : • lOO "SO • OSOi w • rjl CO «5 © Ci S 2 ^ xassg coco OO'O CO^O OOO (NO o> t- ^ t- CO 't CO 0_ 0_^ C)_ "O o_ lo^sug cpt^ tOOO 0)0 '-i(N Sco OCO CO w O O 05 t^ IN o'w TjT oi : : Z° ^ £:• =* r^ tH ijj 3JUlS3(J3g woi wO cow "OCO ^. o_ (N •*- ! 00 w OOC^ : 8° : : S 2 to ^ o [V, 3iqB:(suiBa OOO • o_ ci '. ■ OCO coo . to CD • Tj<00 l-Ml-l >e (N ^.^ *-< •o 05 ■♦-J o H ■c « c c; CD 1 £ O M -> -* *^ S "rt 0 o pi i a < a 1 i J 0) o c E S , ■♦- 1) m > *^ ^ ti "3. o c S "3 S S E 4-* > 1 O H a 1 Oh "3. h s o C < -> > ♦-'_ c CO s 4J 41 a; tn > *-■ 3 o u He « U percentage of positive tests was smallest in tlie predominating breeds which had been tested o\'er a longer period, thereby decreasing the amount of in- fection. Among the leading breeds the smallest number of positive tests was found in the Barred Plymouth Rocks. The total number of tests was 386,098, of which 2.17 per cent were positive. Plymouth County led in the number of tests made for the year. Three counties had less than 1 per cent positive tests. The largest percentage of positive tests was found in Hampden County. Classification of Tested Fowls Other Than Chickens Information is being gathered on fowls other than chickens to determine if they play a role in the eradication of pullorum disease. During the 1928-29 testing season, 264 such fowls were tested. Three turkeys were detected as positive reactors to the agglutination test, but upon autopsy the causative organism of the disease was not isolated. In Table 2 a brief sununary is given of the fowls tested during the past season. No reactors were detected among the 584 fowls which included ducks, geese, guinea fowls, pheasants, turkeys and pigeons. According to the findings, fowls other than chickens do not harbor the causative organism of pullorum disease. However, these results are not conclusive since only a small number of birds was tested. Poultrymen raising fowls other than chickens should cooperate in having such birds tested in order to determine their susceptibil- ity to pullorum disease. Table 2. — Classification of Fowls Other Than Chickens. Fowls FEMALES MALES Total Tested Reactors Teste d Reactors Tested Ducks 1 0 1 0 2 Geese 3 0 4 0 7 Guinea Fowl 2 0 1 0 3 Pheasants 372 0 — — 372 Turkeys 107 0 60 0 167 Pigeons 17 0 16 0 33 Totals 602 0 82 0 584 Range in Percentage of Infection First Tents of the Seasoiu-^During the season, 331,314 birds,— 303,125 fe- males and 28,189 males, — were tested'. Of the total number tested, 7,799 or 2.35 per cent were reactors. The percentage of female reactors exceeded that of the male reactors. As listed in Table 3 the percentage of infection in the 460 flocks ranged from less than 1 to more than 60 per cent. Approxmiately two-thirds of the flocks and birds tested are classified in the no infection group, representing 286 flocks and 203,038 birds. The number of flocks listed in the infected groups is 174, representing 128,276 birds. The owners of such flocks would have benefited by intensive retesting. Several infected flocks through retest- ing became non-reacting before the close of the season. These flocks are men- tioned later in the discussion of Table 4. r-IO>50COOOJOr-4rHlNlM CO-*J "* i-l CO O 1M_ tH^ 05 O "-I. COlOrjTt^t^COCOi-t T-trH O -* ■* >-" t- CO ^ f-l «o OOOOCOOO^C*CC»fllO(N cD'^incooO'-'oaot-ioo ';oococo»o»oco »^ t-^ ■* Co" r-T OOCO-^C-COlOt-iHSD iHCOCIOOE^COCOCO'^i' Qot- 00 CO to 05 M II Oi -i ; ; ; ; ; ; in ^ 7,330 15,963 17,0.38 1,591 113 rt" O E * lO lO (M O —1 (N r-^ IM s H (A Id H o o CO OJ OC^COOO'N'COO .t^-* CCi 0> o o te > > ^ rt d »- M M 4j JJ Ji ^ C S g D CO ^ ^ i •S ^ ^ .g -O -O (N 3 -Q •1 ■« 00 M M 60 0, 4J (u a c, D. D OJ Cj OJ T3 -o -a 3 3 = First Tests and Retests of 69 Flocks. — Sixty-nine flocks were retested dur- ing the season. Some flock owners retested by the pen method, whereas others retested all the birds in the flock. The latter plan is to be recommended for eradication because the true status of the floct can be determined only if all the birds on the premises are retested. The range in percentage of infection among the 69 flocks at the time of the first test and subsequent retests is summarized in Table 4. In the dis- cussion these flocks are considered in groups classed according to the per- centage of infection. In the no infection group six flocks were non-reacting on the first and second tests. Among the six flocks, two were experimental pullet flocks which had infection last season but were non-reacting before the end of that season. This indicates that the infection was successfully eliminated from the prem- ises. The remaining four flocks were subjected to additional tests to deter- mine the exact status of the birds. Thirteen flocks, representing 20,048 birds, revealed less than 1 per cent in- fection. On second test ten flocks, representing 3,117 birds were non-reacting. The remaining three were positive. Two of these were tested the third time and found non-reacting. In the 1 to 5 per cent infection group there were 29 flocks, representing 28,472 birds. Seven flocks were non-reacting on second test. Of the 22 posi- tive flocks 3 were non-reacting on the third test, 4 were positive, and 15 did not test. Eight flocks, representing 12,277 birds, revealed from 6 to 10 per cent in- fection. One flock was non-reacting on second test and seven were positive; only two tested the third time, both revealing reactors. One flock had 11 to 15 per cent infection and upon retest remained posjtive. In the 16 to 20 per cent infection group there were three flocks; one was non-reacting on second test, the other two positive. One revealed no reactors on third test and the other did not test. Five flocks in the 21 to 25 per cent infection group were positive on second test. Only two tested more than twice, one being non-reacting on third test and the other on fifth test. In the four groups having more than 25 per cent infection, four flocks were positive on the second test, of which three were non-reacting on third test, while one did not test the third time. One non-reacting flock classified under the fourth test was negative on the third test, and one flock classified under the fifth test was negative on fourth test. Of the 69 flocks retested, 36 became non-reacting. Of this number 25 were successful in obtaining a non-reacting report on the second test, while 11 re- quired three or more tests. ♦ Consecutive Annual Testing Versus Single and Intermittent Testing More poultrymen are beginning to realize that annual testing is necessary in the eradication of pullorum disease. Moreover, there is no assurance that a flock once free of infection will remain so, except by annual testing and careful preventive measures. This may be determined from the data in Table csEh v9 rHgH "bo > t^ Eh 1-1 00 m 1-1 ° ^ri O S H ^ 5. Among the 460 tested flocks the majority had been tested for two or more consecutive years. Twenty-five flock owners employed intermittent testing, and 122 tested for the first time. Approximately 80 per cent of all the birds tested were in the flocks tested annually, and the percentage of positive tests in this group was noticeably smaller than in the groups tested for the first time, or intermittently. The group with intermittent testing history had ap- proximately the same percentage of positive tests as the group tested for the first time, 5.50 and 5.63 respectively, indicating that little benefit is de- rived from intermittent testing. The percentage of positive tests in the group tested for two consecutive years was 2.46, and 1.18 in the groiip tested for three or more consecutive years. These percentages indicate that annual test- ing is far more effective in eradicating pullorum disease. The total number of non-reacting flocks was greater than the number of positive flocks. The groups testing annually had a greater number of non- reacting flocks in proportion to the number of positive flocks than the first two groups. The infection in the positive flocks listed under the annually tested groups can be accounted for by the employment of faulty eradication measures. Number of Birds in Tested Flocks and Tested Non-Reacting Flocks in Relation to Poultry Population in Each County* Figure 1 represents the poultry population and the number of birds in tested flocks and tested non-reacting flocks in each county. A study of this figure reveals that the number of tested birds is approximately one-seventh of the poultry population. Middlesex, Worcester, and Bristol Counties rank first in poultry population, whereas Middlesex, Plymouth, and Norfolk lead in the number of birds tested. Bristol, Norfolk, and Middlesex Counties rank first in number of birds in tested non-reacting flocks. Berkshire and Hampden Counties have the smallest number of tested birds. The number of imtested birds is exceedingly large compared with the number tested. This shows^ that untested flocks exist among tested non-reacting flocks and com- plete eradication is more difficult as long as that condition prevails. Owners of non-reacting flocks can cooperate in developing disease-free areas by in- teresting owners of infected flocks to eradicate the disease from their premises. Poultry associations can strive to attain a record of members who own 100 per cent 'tested non-reacting flocks. Through the continued efforts and assist- ance of the extension services and poultry associations, eradication of pull- orum disease may be further expedited. The geographical distribution of infected and non-reacting flocks is pre- sented in Figures 2 and 3. The distribution in each group is rather general, emphasizing the fact that known infected flocks are scattered among the non- reacting flocks. * The poultry population is based on the assessoi's figrure of November, 1928, plus the allowance for fowls legally exempt and allowance for mortality and culling, which total 50 per cent of the assessor's figure. 10 Figure 1. A Comparison of the Number of Birds in Tested Flocks and Tested Non-Reacting Flocks with Poultry Population in Each County. £ACfi ow/r /?£r/'/?£-s£:A/r^ zs,ooo 3//?os 2 3 4. S . ^J em •<=< •J > « -s 0 -^ .2 fl "" 3 ho " * £ '^ o I -3 a o Vi ^ ^ 3 « ° .2f £ -s O 05 1^ 15 15 \^ I f:: I >- I IS Q I <5 16 3 § ^ j: >» .2 •= •J Q> B O 10 cs to I- S "^ o ^ 43 c ■g « P. s w I u w i:' iir 1^ ^ k J.A/30 S3d 18 In Figure 6 is illustrated the possibility of pullets becoming infected by eating infective eggs laid by pullorum disease birds. Eggs are frequently laid on the floor and dropping boards by pullets when they first attain pro- duction. These eggs are likely to be eaten by the birds. Therefore, if pullets are tested before they attain egg production, one source of spreading the in- fection is eliminated. Figure 6. Prevent Pullorum Disease Dissemination by Early Pullet Testing Pullets may contract the disease by eating eggs laid on floor or dropping boards by infected birds. PULLLT NO.Z NON-INFECTED / -^_o_-^ Pullet No. 1 was infected during chickhood, and has become a carrier of the dis- ease. It has laid an infective egg on the floor, and this egg was eaten by non-infected pullet No. 2. Two months later both pullets were detected as carriers of pullorum disease by tihe agglutination test. Early pullet testing will permit elimination of birds such as pullet No. 1 and prevent spread of the disease by means of their eggs. 19 Early pullet testing permits the following: 1. Early elimination of infected birds which are a constant source of dan- ger to other birds. 2. Prevention of the spread of infection among the flock through infective eggs. 3. Placing only non-reacting birds into the laying houses. 4. Intensive testing within the same season if necessary. 5. Efficient cleaning and disinfecting of the pens during warm weather. Progress in Eradication is Encouraging In Table 6 are given the comparative results of the last two seasons of testing. The majority of the counties show an increase in the number of flocks tested and all but two show an increase in the niunber of birds tested. Bristol and Middlesex Counties have the largest increase in the number of flocks and birds tested. In all counties but two the average percentage of reactors was reduced. Bristol, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Plymouth Counties had increases of 16, 24, 14, and 13, respectively, among non-reacting flocks. There was an increase of 47 in the total number of flocks tested. This figure does not represent the total number of new flocks tested during the season, since 122 flocks were tested for the first time and 25 flocks showed an inter- mittent testing history. Of the 413 flocks tested during the 1928-1929 season, 102, representing 35,097 birds, were not tested this season. This means that 25 per cent of the flocks were either disposed of or not tested this season. This is rather a large percentage. Poultrymen should realize the value of annual and intensive testing as compared with intermittent testing which was emphasized in the discussion of Table 5. If the testing of a flock has once- been started it should be continued, provided the quality of the stock justifies the expenditure and the effort. That a flock is free from infection does not mean future testing should be discontinued. Such a flock may become re- infected with pullorum disease if proper saaiitary and eradication measures are not observed. Annual 100 per cent testing serves as a check upon the observance of the prophylactic measures. 20 cd o (N 00 CO CO o m 05 >H a* o i-t ■* Ol iH rt IN lO a fe th o m (N >^ to Ol ^ to ®3 M S ^ iH rH O cO'^'d'Ocoooooo CO c- o ■^_ O t- <-!_ 00 lO oT oT «o c^ o" in oo~ O) i-t to m lo CO o c- t- o so c- 0>^=0-*C>«oOOO"*®3tt! S i- "-1 '^ si ^' ej' «,"^COCO*<*C5dCO00»OCOO5Ol ,So)Q0t-00iHCOTJ<(M00'^iHO; t,O>O0SQ0C0«000OCDinc0(N m^^t-iOtH iri"io:oooocooo rt^ /^i »-H ^m m in CQ en '^ S el O " ;«| ^ a 'fci .2 " "" " p. ;:5 o lg J: e IS «> « o 21 Eradication Measures Apply to Disease-Free Flocks as Well as to Diseased Flocks In the annual report of 1928-29 there was considerable discussion of rea- sons for failure to eradicate pullorum disease. As mentioned in that discus- sion, the agglutination test is only one item in the eradication program. Failure to carry out suggested eradication measures is in most cases the rea- son why infection is not eliminated from the premises, and also explains why some non-reacting flocks become re-infected. The following measures should be strictly observed. 1. Assistants should be provided who can properly and accurately band and record figures for the blood collector. 2. Field operations should not be disturbed by unnecessary conversation nor be hastened at the expense of accuracy. 3. All birds on the premsies should be tested each year. 4. If infection is present, the entire flock should be retested within the same season until a negative report is obtained. 5. Reactors should be remioved from the farm and sold for slaughter im- mediately upon receipt of the report. 6. Offal from all birds dressed for market or home consumption, as well as dead birds that are not fit for consumption, should be burned. 7. The poultry houses, runs, and equipment should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected immediately after removal of reactors. 8. Birds removed from the premises to egg-laying contests, exhibitions, etc., should be held in quarantine and tested before they are readmitted into the flock. 9. Purchase of stock in the form of adults, chicks, and eggs should be from known pullorum disease-free flocks. 10. Eggs should not be saved for hatching until after a flock has been test- ed and all the infected birds removed. (Early pullet testing will permit early hatching). 11. Fresh and infertile eggs from unknown or infected sources should not be fed to chickens or exposed to an/imals, sudh as crows, sparrows, and skunks, that may carry or spread the infection. 12. Poultrymen should not custom hatch for untested or infected flocks. 13. Owners of pullorum disease-free flocks should not have hatching done where infected eggs or stock may be found. 14. Poultrymen should not buy feed in bags that have been used or ex- posed to infection. (Such bags, if properly disinfected, will be safe for fur- ther use.) Suggestions for Poultrymen The progress in eradication is greatly influenced by the number of poultry- men who accept the recommendations given by the laboratory. Most poultry- men have given excellent cooperation during the past season and have man- ifested an eagerness to eradicate puUorum disease from their flocks. 22 Some difficulty was experienced during the season through the poultrynien's neglect to submit their applications before the first of September. If the applications are returned prior to the specified date the work can be better organized and consequently more efficient service can be rendered. Priority of testing is based to some extent on the order in which the applications are submitted. No one should expect inuuediate testing if his application was not sent in prior to the first of September, because all applications then on hand will have been scheduled for a testing date. Changes in the schedule cannot always be effected and requests for immediate service always involve extra expense and tune, which affects the poultrymen in the end. All poultrymen who received testing service this past season will be sent an application card. Others njay obtain an application card by request. An early application assures better service. The return of verification cards which state the tenta- tive date and number of birds for testing is often neglected or delayed. The final routing is based on the verification cards that are returned and all flock owTiers failing to return the card will l>e considered as having cancelled their application for testing. Ample and efficient assistance should be furnished to aid tlie blood collector in collecting the samples, because experience has shown that most of the ir- regularities responsible for errors can be traced directly to a lack of such assistance. Occasional blood collectors' reports were received, stating that children were the only assistants. One should not rely upon a child to do a man's task. The owner or nuuiager sliould be sufficiently interested to secure the type of help necessary to carry out the field operations of the testing work accurately. Unnecessary conversation during the process of collecting samples leads to confusion and inaccurate work. The blood C((llector is instructed to carry out the field operations of the testing work and is not to be considered as a source of information on poultry husbandry or disease problems. In case errors are detected in the field the blood collector is instructed to rectify them before he leaves the premises. In such an event the poultryman should lend his assistance because he will receive the direct benefit. Most of the errors occurring in the field were found among flocks that were retested within the season. When a flock is retested the birds are not re- banded, but the old band number is recorded. In this way a complete testing record of each bird is obtained. It also serves ;is a check to determine wheth- er all reactors found in previous tests were removed from the flock. Poultry- men retesting within the season should exercise every possible precaution against errors by providing competent assistants. Accuracy should not be sacrificed for speed. Poultrymen are requested to cooperate in furnishing accurate information concerning their flock history. This information will be considered confiden- tial and is obtained for the purpose of aiding the flock owner in solving his problems. Trustworthy recoumiendations cannot be built upon either inac- curate or incomplete information. Personal conferences are to be encouraged and an effort will be made to establish more contacts with poultrjiiien through both group and personal meetings. 23 Summairy The results of tlie 1929-30 season show tliat the mmiher of tested flocks and the number of tested birds are steadily increasing. The average percent- age of infection was reduced and the number of non-reacting 100 per cent tested flocks was increased. No reactors were detected among the 584 tested fowls other than chickens. Intermittent testing was not as effective in eradi- cation as testing the entire flock each year. Early pullet testing was found practical and expedited the elimination of infection from premises. Sexual maturity of pullets did not appear to play a role in eradicating the disease. Infection was eliminated from many flocks within the season through intens- ive testing. Publication of this Document Approved by the Commission on Administration AND Finance. 3500-5-'30. No. 9158. i Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 54 DECEMBER, 1930 Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers By H. D. Haskins This is the fifty-seventh report of the Massachusetts Fertilizer Control, made in accordance with Chapter 94, Sections 250 to 261, inclusive, of Massachusetts General Laws 1920. Requests for bulletins should be adclressed to the Asi'if'ultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Aiiministration and Finance 3m. 1-'31. No. 871. SYNOPSIS OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REPORT OF MASSACHUSETTS FERTILIZER CONTROL Brands registered and sampled. Prices of crude stock fertilizer materials. Fertilizer trade values. Tonnage of fertilizers and plant food sold. "New England Standard Nine" grades and their relation to tonnage sold. Deficiency statistics as applied to each manufacturer. Mixing efficiency table as applied to the larger firms. Table showing composition of 4 samples of mixed fertilizer having commercial shortage of over $1 per ton and involving 3 manufacturers. Table showing composition of mixed fertilizers substantially complying with guarantees. Tables giving detailed analyses of unmixed materials, including 12 analyses of a variety of substances with a commercial shortage of more than $1 per ton. Definitions and interpretations relating to fertilizers. Vegetation pot experiment to study the nitrogen availability of 22 organic nitro- gen substances. Vegetation pot experiment to note the effect of manganese sulfate on yield of crop. Vegetation pot experiment to study the phosplioric acid availability of IS phos- phates. Directory of manufacturers. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1930 By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist' MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS During the season of 1930, 118 firms or individuals have rcfiistercd for sale in Massachusetts 598 brands of mixed fertilizer and fertilizing materials. The general nature of these products is shown below. Complete fertilizers 361 Ammoniated superphosi)hates 2 Superphosphates with potash '. , • i Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish 59 Fertilizer simples, including organic nitrogen compounds .... 146 Pulverized manures 21 Wood ashes 1 Peat products 5 Stone meal 2 Total 598 1 Assisted by H. Robert DeRose, Albert F. Spelman, .John B. Zielinski, .Ir., and George J. Lar- sinos, Chemists; James T. Howard, C. L. Whiting, A. G. Brigham and G. E. Taylor, Sampling Agents; Cora B. Grover, Clerk. 4 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 The Drawing of Samples for Analysis. Four sampling agents were assigned to specific sections of the State where by the use of automobiles, they were successful in visiting most of the agents in their respective territories within the ten weeks' period available for this work. The counties covered by each agent were as follows: James T. Howard, Berk- shire, Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden; A. G. Brigham, Worcester; G. E. Taylor, Norfolk, Bristol, Plymouth and Barnstable; C. L. Whiting, Essex, Middlesex and Suffolk. The following statistics will serve to show the immense amount of work in- volved in this very important branch of the fertilizer control service work: 19,631 sacks were sampled, representing 5,875 tons of fertilizer; 188 towns were visited; 1,788 samples, representing 532 distinct brands, were drawn from stock in the possession of 659 agents or owners; 253 other agents, or former agents, were visited where no samples were drawn, stocks having been sold out or not received, or consisting only of brands of which a suitable tonnage had already been sampled. The sampling agents were not successful in securing samjiles of the following brands : Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. Manufacturer and Brand. American Agricultural Chemical Co. A A Double Strength To- bacco Fertilizer American Cyanamid Co. Ammo-Phos-Ko No. 2-A . Amnio-Phos-Ko No. 3 Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Onion Si)ecial (Pot ash as Sulphate) 4-8-7 . Liberty Top Dresser for Grass & Grain, 10-3 > 2-8 8-.5-1.5 . Carbonate of Potash Cotton Seed Meal . Muriate of Potash Sulphate of Ammonia Tankage . Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. Pure Old Process Linseed Meal .... Armour Fertilizer Works Armour's Big Crop Fertili- zer 5-9-5 Armour's Lawn & Garden Grower Armour's Special Turf 12- 8-6 . Castor Pomace 5' 2% Barrett Co. Arcadian Nitrate of Soda. Berkshire Chemical Co. Berkshire High Grade To- bacco Fertilizer Nitrate of Soda Collins Seed Service Co. General Purpose Manure . Grade. 8.23 (10)-6-10 9 (10.94)-18-18 10 (12.16)-30-10 3.29 (4)-8-7 8.22 (10)-3.5-8 6.58 (8)-5-15 0-0-60 6. 58 (8)-0-0 0-0-50 20,58 (25)-0-0 7.4 (9)-3-0 5.92 (7.2)-0-0 4.11 (5)-9-5 5 ((i)-8-6 10 (12)-S-6 4.. 52 (5. 5) -0-0 16 (19.45)-0-0 4.93 (6)-3-6 15 (18.24)-0-0 3.3 (4)-10-2 Manufacturer and Brand. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States 8-4-8 Eastern States 8-16-16 Pot- ash from Suli)hate Eastern States 14-7-14 Eastern States Ground Animal Tankage . Eastern States Nitrate of Potash Thomas W. Emerson Co. Sulphate of .\mmonia International Agricultural Corp. I.A.C. Berrv & Fruit I.A.C. Multiple Strength 8-16-8 LA.C. Special 5-1.5-5 LA.C. Tobacco Fertilizer . I.A.C. Cottonseed Meal 36% Protein Henry James & Son, Inc. 4-8-4 .... 5-8-7 .... Kelloggs & Miller, Inc. K & M Brand Pure Old Process Linseed Meal Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. Mapes Connecticut Valley Special Mapes Special Trucker SP Mapes Tobacco Ash & Starter Mapes Tobacco Starter Improved Mapes Tobacco Starter Special Nitrate of Soda Grade. 8 (9.73)-4-8 8 (9.73)-16-16 14 (17)-7-14 7.5 (9.12)-9.2-0 13 (15.81)-0-44 20.5 (25)-0-0 2.5 (3)-10-4 6.58 (8)-16-8 4.12 (o)-1.5-5 4.12 (5)-3-5 5.76 (7)-0-0 3.28 (4)-8-4 4.11 (5)-8-7 5.44 (6.61)-0-0 4.94 (6)-4-7 4.12 (5)-8-7 3.29 (4)-6-15 4.12 (5)-6-l 4.12 (,5)-6-3 14.81 (18)-0-0 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 5 Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. — Continued. M.\NUFACTURER AND BrAND. Grade. Manufacturer and Brand. Grade. Donald S. McCrillis Seedtown Products, Inc. McCrillis Stone Meal 0-.2.^)-3 Seedtown Pawn and Gar- den Food 6 (7.3)-8-6 Merrimac Chemical Co., Inc. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., .Suliihate of Ammonia 20 (2-1.32)-0-0 Inc. Swift-Sure Crop Grower Miller Fertilizer Co. 4-8-4 .... 3.28 (4)-8-4 i\Iiller's Toil i:)resser 8-G-6 6.58 (8)-6-6 Springfield Rendering Co. New England Dressed Meat Springfield 7-6-5 To|) & Wool Co. Dresser 5.71 (7 J -6-5 Unground Dried Blood 12 (14.5)-0-0 Standard Wholesale Phos- Nitrate Agencies Co. phate & Acid Works, Xaco 6. .58 (8)-4-2 Inc. Standard United States N. V. Potash Export My. High Analysis 3.3 (4)-16-4 Sulphate of Potash . 0-0-4S 8 X 16 X 8 6.58 (8) -16-8 Animal Tankage 8.22 (10)-4..57-0 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Raw Bone Meal 3.7 (4.5)-22-0 Inc. Old Deerfield 8-.5-1.5 6.58 (8)-5-15 Tobacco By-Products & Old Deerfield 10-16-14 8.23 (10)-16-14 Chemical Corp. Carbonate of Potash 0-0-65 Sterilized Ground Tobacco Cotton Hull Ashes . 0-0-25 Stems 1 (1.22)-0-5 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Victory Fertilizer Corp. Co., Inc. Victory Plant Food . 2.47 {3)-8-4 Harvest Brand Superphos- Victory Humus .5 (.6 J -0-0 phate 207c ■ 0-20-0 Arthur B. Porter, Inc. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Porter Brand Bone Meal . 1.65 (2)-22-0 Corp. V-C Aroostook Potato Rogers & Hubbard Co. Grower 4.11 (5)-8-7 Gro-Fast Golf Green Fer- V-C Cereal Brand 1.65 (2)-9-3 tilizer .... 6.58 (8)-6-0 V-C XXX Fish & Potash . 3.29 (4)-8-4 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Wessel. Duval & Co. Roy.ster's Top Dresser 6.58 (8) -6-6 Chilean Nitrate of Soda . 15.25 (18.5)-0-0 Note: Grade is expressed in terms of nitrogen, ammonia (figures in i)arentheses\ available phosphoric acid, and potash. 6 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 COMPARATIVE COST OF FERTILIZER CHEMICALS AND UNMIXED FERTILIZER PRODUCTS The followinji average quotations were compiled from data secured from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter and Chemical Markets. Wholesale Quotations on Chemicals and Unmixed Materials. N.iTURB OF MaTERI.VL. AvER.\GE Price PER Ton for Six Months Preced- ing M,\RCH 1. Price per Ton Oct. 13, 1930. Difference between October Price and Six 1929. 1930. Months' Average. Ammonium sulfiite d' )..'i' , X), ha'js, iioithern markets Ammonium sulfate-iuti ;itc il'ii' , X), l)a., i . bulk, Baltimore Muriate of potash (50.. ■>!' , KiOLhags High grade sulfate of putasli ( Is i;.",' , K-20), bags Potash-magnesia sulfate (25. '.U' , KjO),bags ,$47.25 59.87 43 . 50 52.00 84 . 98 70.69 4 8., S3 72.49 41.05 35. 33 10.00 36.40 47.. 30 27.25 .$42.71 55 04 42. 53 44.93 87.25 103.25 63.42 44.36 ,58.28 32.91 31 . .50 9.50 36.76 47.76 27 . .50 $37 . .50 45 . 70a 40.40 40.00 77.75 101.25 56.25 38.00 58 . 00 25.00 28 . 00 8.. 50 .37.15 48.25 27.80 -$5.21 - 9.34 - 2.13 - 4.93 - 9.50 - 2.00 - 7.17 - 6.36 - .28 - 7.91 - 3. 50 - 1.00 + .39 -1- .49 + ..30 a Bulk. A comjiarison of tlie average price of fertilizer cliemicals and unmixed materials for the period from September to March with the price for the corresponding jicriod in 1929 shows that, with the exception of potash salts, which have shown a very small advance, all fertilizing materials have shown a very decided decline in cost. This should mean a lower cost of mixed fertilizer for 193L Fertilizer Trade Values for 1929. Form of Pl.\nt Food. Value per Pound. Unit Value. Nitrorjen. In ammonia salts ......... In nitrates .......... Organic nitrogen in fish .... Organic nitrogen in blood, meat and hoof meal .... Organic nitrogen in fine' bone and tankage .... Organic nitrogen in coarse' bone and tankage, and in pulverized manures Organic nitrogen in mi.xed fertilizeis ...... Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc. Organic nitrogen in calurea and urea ...... Phosphoric Acid Soluble in water ......... Solul)le in neutral citrate of ammonia (reverted) In fine' bone and tankage and in fish ..... In coarse' bone and tankage ....... In pulverized manures, seed residues and ashes .... Insoluble in mixed fertihzers ....... Potash. .■^8 sulfate .......... As muriate .......... As nitrate .......... As carbonate .......... Total in pulverized manures, seed residues, and the water insoluble poi tion in ashes ......... $0,125 .165 .37 .30 .35 .25 .34 .33 .14 .0575 .05 .055 .045 .04 .02 . 058 .043 .OS .10 .04 $2 . .50 3.30 7 . 40 6 . 00 7,00 5 . 00 6.80 6.60 2.80 1.15 1 . 00 1.10 .90 .80 .40 1 . 16 .86 1 . 60 2.00 .80 1 Fine bone and tankage refeis to particles which as sampled will pass through a sieve with cir- cular openings 1-.50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to that portion which will not pass through the sieve. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 7 The fertilizer trade values adopted by the Massachusetts Fertilizer Control for 1980 are based on average wholesale quotations for the six months ending March 1, 1930, ])lus 20 per cent for overhead. Proper allowance was made for bags, labor and freight in case of bulk quotations and for shipping points outside of New England or New York. FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in Massachusetts. July 1, 1927, to July 1, 192S. July 1, 1928, to July 1, 1929. July 1, 1929, to .July 1, 19.30. Mixed fertilizers ..... Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed Pulverized natural manures 47,620 19,044 3,1X8 41,529 18,788 2,174 42,881 21,249 2,491 Totals 70,458 1 02,491 66,021 The tonnage of the three principal plant foods sold in Massachusetts for the years 1929 and 1930 is shown in the table following: Plant Food Tonnage. Nitrogen. Available Phosphoric Acid. 1929. 1930. Potash. Mixed fertilizers ..... Fertihzer chemicals and materials unmixed Pulverized natural manures 1,730 1,115 51 1,797 1,441 50 3,200 3,306 1,737 1,630 32 37 2,549 596 2,703 584. 77 2,896 3,294 4,975 5,039 3,213 3,364 There were 4,130 tons more fertilizer sold in the State in 1930 than diu-ing the previous year: 32.7 i;er cent of this (1,352 tons) was mixed fertilizers, 59.6 per cent (2,461 tons) was unmixed materials, and 7.7 per cent (316 tons) was pulver- ized natural manures. Of the total tonnage, 64.4 per cent was mixed fertilizer, 31.9 per cent was unmixed materials, and 3.7 per cent was pulverized natural manures. There were 11,697 tons of plant food sold, of which 67.2 per cent was derived from mixed goods, 31.3 per cent from unmixed materials, and 1.5 per cent from pulverized animal manures. The proportions of the three plant food elements that were derived from mixed fertilizers and vmmixed materials were as follows: nitrogen, 54.6 per cent from mixed and 43.8 per cent from unmixed materials; phosphoric acid, 66.8 per cent from mixed and 32.5 per cent from unmixed mate- rials; potash, 80.4 per cent from mixed and 17.4 per cent from unmixed materials. The tonnage of the variou,s grades of mixed fertilizer as well as the unmixed materials is given in the following tables: CONTROL SERIES No. 54 (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Annlysis {I4 per cent or more of Niirogen, Available Phosphoric Acid and Potash.) Grade.' Tonnage. Brands. Grade. 1 Tonnage. Brand 4.11 (.5)-8-7 12,804 41 2.47 (3)-S-10 74 3.29 {4)-8-4 7,716 39 4.94 (6)-S-5 71 _ 3.29 (4)-6-10 1,530 18 3.29 (4)-10-4 67 _ 2.47 (3)-8-4 1,451 19 9.87 (12)-5-10 66 _ 5.76 (7)-3-7 1,044 6 5.76 (7)-ll-10 64 — 4.11 (5)-10-5 997 - 5.76 (7)-15-9 62 _ 3.29 (4)-8-7 974 11 4.94 (6)-8-2 58 _ 6.58 (8)-6-6 949 13 3.29 (4)-7-5 55 _ 4.11 (5)-12-4 920 — 3.29 (4)-10-5 53 — 4.94 (6)-6-4 7S5 6 6.58 (S)-5-15 45 _ 4.11 (.5) -8-8 615 - 4.11 (5)-6-5 44 - 4.94 (6)-8-10 544 - 6.58 (8)-6-5 43 _ 4.94 (6)-10-4 455 - 4.11 (.5)-5-5 43 _ 2.47 (3)-10-6 454 _ 1.65 (2)-12-2 41 _ 5.76 (7)-6-5 429 9 4.94 (6)-5-5 41 _ 4.94 (6)-8-7 408 - 4.94 (6)-9-6 39 _ 2.47 (3)-10-4 .390 - 5.76 (7)-18-6 37 _ 5.76 (7)-8-6 379 - 16.45 (20)-16.5- 5.76 (7)-4-6 330 - 21.5 37 - 8.23 (10)-3-8 295 - 8.23 (10)-4-2 36 - 8.23 (10)-16-16 269 - 9.87 (12)-.3-10 36 - 4.11 (5) -8-5 234 - 8.23 (10)-6-2 32 - 5.76 (7)-12-10 221 _ 3.29 (4)-16-4 28 - 2.47 (3)-8-6 200 - 4.11 (5)-13-4 25 - 8.23 (10)-16-14 175 / 1.65 (2)-10-4 23 - 2.47 (3)-7-16 163 - 4.94 (6)-8-6 23 — 4.11 (.5)-10-6 1.55 - 8.23 (10)-2-14 22 - 3.29 (4)-8-10 148 - 9.87 (12)-20-15 21 - 4.94 (6)-7-4 144 - 6.58 (8)-16-8 19 - 4.94 (6)-8-12 142 - 5.76 (7)-8-l 19 - 15 (18.24)-30-15 142 - 8.23 (10)-5-3 19 _ 1.65 (2)-8-10 132 - 5.76 (7)-3-6 17 - 4.11 (5)-4-15 128 - 4.11 (5)-20-16 17 - 1.65 (2)-12-4 106 - 1.65 (2)-12-6 16 - 5.35 (6.5)-3-7 90 - 4.94 (6)-9-19 16 - 4.11 (5)-8-10 85 - 4.11 (5)-9-5 15 - 4.11 (.5)-7-10 74 Miscellaneous Totals 1,018 32 38,431 287 Low-Analysis (less than 14 per cent of Nitrogen, Available Phosphoric Acid and Potash.) 4.11 (.5) -3-5 1,961 16 .82 (l)-10-3 55 4.94 (6)-3-6 034 - 2.47 (3) -5-6 31 - 4.94 (6)-3-5 532 - 4 (4.86)-1.2-.08 25 _ 1.65 (2)-8-2 2,50 6 2.47 (3)-6-4 23 - 1.65 (2)-9-3 226 5 2.06 (2..5)-.25-4 20 - 4.11 (5)-4-5 189 - 3.29 (4)-3.66-3.3 16 - 1.05 (2)-10-2 160 - 4.11 (5)-6-l 15 - .82 (l)-9-4 143 - Miscellaneous 24 10 2.47 (.3)-8-3 57 _ Totals 4,, 361 62 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash Gr.\de.i Tonnage. Brands. 0-14-10 3.29 (4)-10-0 6.58 (8)-6-0 56 31 2 - Totals 89 4 ' Grade is expressed in terms of nitrogen (ammonia equivalent in parentheses), available phos- phoric acid, and potash. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials. M.\TERI.\L. Tonnage. Brands. Materi.\l. Tonnage. Brands. Superphosphate 4,368 20 Wood ashes. 178 Nitrate of soda 4,364 21) Calcium nitrate . 157 _ Cottonseed meal . 3,159 10 Nitrate of potash. 148 5 Ground bone 2,692 27 Cotton hull ashes. 136 Pulverized animal manures 2,491 21 Precipitated bone 104 6 Ammonium sulfate 1,389 18 Sulfate of potash-mag- Humus 912 - nesia 69 _ Muriate of potash 640 14 Carbonate of potash 64 _ Castor pomace 575 9 Tobacco stems 59 _ Basic slag phosphate 520 - Calurea 46 _ Dry ground fish 375 12 Blood tankage 19 _ Colloidal phosphate 282 _ Cal-Nitro . 17 _ Stone meal . 209 - Ammo-Phos 14 _ Organic ammoniate 195 - Mowrah meal 4 _ Animal tankage 188 15 Synthetic urea 3 _ Linseed meal 182 - Cyanamid . 2 _ High grade sulfate of pot- ash .... 179 8 Totals 23,740 220 The method of exjiressing grades in mixed fertilizers adoptetl in 1929 is followed in this publication. It consists in stating the nitrogen guarantee, followed by the ammonia equivalent in parentheses, available phosphoric acid, and potash. The status of the method of expressing fertilizer grade among members of the industry is about the same as last season. The question is still being agitated, and when all members are ready to adopt the system the ammonia statement will be deletetl. A study of the tonnage table for mixed fertilizers shows that the three grades having the largest tonnage are 4.11 (5)-8-7, 3.29 (4)-8-4, and 4.11 (5)-3-5. These three grades also had the largest tonnage during 1929. In the following table the ten most popular grades are listed in tlie order of the largest tonnage. To effect a comparison and to illustrate how the selection of fertilizer fluctuates from year to year, a similar list is given for 1929. 1930. 1929. Gkade. Tonnage. Grade. Tonnage. 4.11 (5)-8-7 .... 3.29 (4)-8-4 4.11 (5)-3-5 3.29 (4)-6-10 . 2.47 (3)-8-4 5.76 (7)-3-7 4.11 (5)-10-5 . 3.28 (4)-8-7 6.58 (8)-6-6 4.11 (.5)-12-4 12,804 7,716 1,961 1,.530 1,451 1,044 997 974 949 926 4.11 (5)-8-7 .... 3.29 (4) -8-4 .... 4.11 (5)-3-5 .... 2.47 (3)-S-4 .... 3.29 (4)-6-10 .... 4.11 (5)-4-5 .... 5.76 (7)-6-5 .... 3.29 (4)-8-7 .... 5.76 (7)-3-7 .... 6.58 (8)-6-6 . . 10,806 7,870 3,124 2,412 1,471 1,154 1,137 1.099 944 706 The most radical changes noted in the tonnage of these ten grades are the promotion of the 5.76 (7j-3-7 grade from ninth to sixth place, the 4.11 (5)-10-5 from twentieth to seventh, and the 4.11 (5)-r2-4 from twenty-third to tenth, and the demotion of the .5.76 (7)-6-5 from seventh to fifteenth. Double and multiple strength mixtures totaled 1,667 tons, which is about twice the amount recorded for 1929. Of the total tonnage of fertilizer sold, 64.4 per cent was mixetl and 35.6 per cent unmixed materials and pulverized manures. The proportion of unmixed materials was larger by 2 per cent than during 1929. 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Of the 42,881 tons of mixed goods sold, 99.8 per cent were complete fertilizer and 0.2 per cent ammoniated superj^hosphates and superphosphates with potash. Of the 42,881 tons of mixed fertilizer sold, about 90 per cent were high-analysis and 10 per cent were low-analysis (containing less than 14 per cent of available plant food). This is 7 per cent more of the high-analysis goods than in 1929. Of the 38,431 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, about 76 per cent were furnished by 10 grades and 158 brands. There were 2,552 tons less of low-analysis complete fertilizers sold than in 1929. The 4.11 (5)-3-5 grade, comprising 16 brands, furnished about 45 per cent of the tonnage of low-analysis complete fertilizers. About 72 per cent were fur- nished by 3 grades, comprising 19 brands. The tonnage of unmixed materials was distributed as follows: nitrogen prod- ucts, 46.4 per cent; ]5hos{)horic acid jiroducts, 22.3 per cent; jjotash products, 5.2 per cent; tankage, fish, bone, wood ashes, and tobacco stems, 14.7 per cent; animal maniu'es, 10.5 per cent. Distribution of Tonnage as Related to the Present "New England Stand- ard Nine" Grades The following table shows the distribution of tonnage of comjslete fertilizers sold in Massachusetts during 1930 as related to this revised list: Revised "New Engl.\nd .Stand.\rd Nine" (Irade.s. Tounufe'e. Additional Tonnage from Grades Varying but 1%. in One or More Plant Foods. Total. 4.11 (5)-S-7 3.29 (4)-S-4 3.29 (4)-6-10 . . . . 6.58 (8)-6-6 4.94 (6)-:3-6 2.47 (3)-10-4 1.65 (2)-12-4 4.94 (6)-S-6 1.65 (2)-10-8 12,979a 8,7326 1.530 949 634 390 106 23 none 2,059 1,521 74 472 4,163 369 none 1,146 none 15,038 10,2.53 1,604 1,421 4,797 765 100 1,169 none Totals , . 25,349 9,804 35,153 a Including 175 tons of 8.23 (10)-16-14 I) Including 997 tons of 4.11 (5)-10-5, and 19 tons of 6.58 (8)-16-8. Of the ten grades, including the multi])le strength mixtures, that have- the highest tonnage (31,538 tons), only four, totaling 24,185 tons, were among the revised "New England Standard Nine." About 59 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was among the "Standard Nine" grades, as compared with 55 ]jer cent for 1929. About 23 per cent additional tonnage was from grades varying but 1 per cent in one or more l)lant food elements from the "Standard Nine" group, so that 82 per cent fell within or varied but 1 per cent in one or more elements from this group. Seventeen per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was from 6 grades not found in the "Standard Nine" group. They are: 4.11 (5)-3-5, third largest tonnage sold; 2.47 (3)-8-4, fifth largest; 5.76 (7)-3-7, sixth largest; 4.11 (5)- 10-5, seventh largest; 3.29 C4)-8-7, eighth largest; and 4.11 (5)-12-4, tenth largest. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 11 MIXED FERTILIZERS. Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Manufacturer. American Agricultural Chemical Co American Cyanamid Co. American Soda Products Co Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Barrie Laboiatories, Inc. F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co., Inc Berkshire Chemical Co. C ct R Sales Co. . T.yman Carrier I 'entral Chemical Co. ( 'lay & Son . Collins Seed Service Co. . Consolidated Kendeiing Co. Davey Tree Expert Co. John C. Dovv Co. . Eastern States Farmers' Exch Essex Fertilizer Co. Excell Laboratories H. L. Frost & Co. (;loucester Products Co. Coulard & Olena, Inc. . Clrasselli Chemical Co., Inc. Thomas Hersom & Co. . International Agricultural Corp. Henry James & Son, Inc. M. L. Lansill Little Tree Farms Lowell Fertilizer Co. Maine Farmers Exchange Mapes Formula & Peruvian C Co. McCallum Co. Miller Fertilizer Co. Mitchell Fertilizer Co. . New England Fertilizer Co. Okl Deerfield Fertilizer Co., I Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. Pawtucket Rendering Co. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc Plantabbs Corp. Plantspur Products Co. . Rogers & Hubbard Co. . Rose Manufacturing Co. Ross Brothers Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. O. M. Scott & Sons Co.. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc. Smith Agricultural Chemical Co Springfield Rendering Co. Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc. Stimuplant Laboratories, Inc. Swift & Co., Fertilizer Works Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp Henry J. Taubert Co. Tennessee Copper & Chemical Corp William Thomson & Sons, Ltd. t'niform Products Co., Inc. Victory Fertilizer Corp. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp C. P. Washburn Co. E. L. Winn, Inc. . Worcester Rendering Co. Number of Brands. 3 1 2 11 0 1 1 1 1 1 18 5 1 9 1 3 3 <» 11 10 6 3 () 1 1 21 1 3 "g ID a O rt — . £ S « a--, ■- 1 10 15 1 1 9 1 1 7 1 2 3 1 2 11 (i 1 1 1 1 1 2 1(5 .5 1 9 1 3 3 9 11 10 G 3 (i 1 1 21 1 3 1 2 1 6 10 1 1 2 1 1 Number of Tests or Determinations 195 0 3 29 45 3 3 27 3 3 21 3 0 9 3 6 32 IS 3 3 3 3 3 6 5i 15 3 6 21 15 27 3 33 30 18 9 18 3 3 03 3 9 15 3 3 IS 30 3 3 () 3 3 G 3 6 12 9 3 IS (a) Wherever several analyses have been made of the same brand, averages have been re- corded for total number of tests and for deficiencies. 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Summary of Deficiencies in Mixed Fertilizers. 1928. 1929 1930. Brands deficient in one element .... Brands deficient in two elements .... Brands deficient in three elements .... Brands deficient in nitrofjen ..... Brands deficient in available phosphoric acid . Brands deficient in potash ..... 78 28 5 69 26 54 90 18 0 43 51 40 94 14 1 .38 46 41 Serious Commercial Shortages in Mixed Fertilizers. Number of Br.\nd.s According to Ye.\rs. Amount of Shortage per Ton. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. More than $5 . . . . Between .84 and $o Between $3 and $4 . . . Between .S2 and .S3 . . . Between SI and $2 . . . none 2 1 1 8 1 1 none none none 3 none 1 2 5 3 1 1 2 6 1 1 1 none 1 Fewer serious commercial shortages were found this year than for any season since 1927. Of the 322 brands analyzed, 214 or about 66.7 per cent showed no deficiencies. Of the 963 j^lant food guarantees made, 87 jier cent were fully maintained, a substantial improvement over the previous two years. The deficiency table shows tlie following statistics: Deficienciesnot exceeding J4 of 1 per cent, 82. Deficiencies between 34 and 3^ of 1 per cent, 24. Deficiencies between J^ and ^ of 1 per cent, 7. Deficiencies more than % of 1 per cent, 11. On the basis of the total number of guarantees made, 11.84 per cent of the nitrogen guarantees, 14.3 per cent of the available phosphoric acid guarantees, and 12.8 per cent of the potash guarantees were not met. Thirty-one of the 38 nitrogen deficiencies, 25 of the 46 available phosphoric acid deficiencies, and 26 of the 41 potash deficiencies did not exceed 34 of 1 per cent. There were 5 less shortages in nitrogen, 5 less in available i)hos]ihoric acid, and 1 more in potash, than in 1929. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 13 Mixing Efficiency Table. Manufacturer. Average Percentage of Plant Food Above or Below the Minimum Guarantee. Nitrogen. Available Phosphoric Acid. Potash. American Agricultural Chemical Co. . Apothecaries Hall Co. .... Armour Fertilizer Works .... Berkshire Chemical Co .... Central Chemical Co. .... Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Esse.x P'ertiUzer Co. ..... International Agricultural Corp. Henry James & Son, Inc. .... Lowell Fertilizer Co. .... Maine Farmers Exchange Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co. New England Fertilizer Co. Okl Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Olds & Whipple, Inc Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co. . RoKer.s & Hubbard Co. .... l'\ S. Koyster Guano Co. .... Spriufitiekl Rendering Co. Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc. ....... Worcester Rendering Co. .... + .13 + .28 + .13 + .22 + .19 + .22 + .13 + .13 + .33 + .08 + .24 + .31 + .14 + .40 + .15 + .06 + .13 + .20 -.21 + .11 + .10 + .05 + .19 + .67 + .56 + .44 + .44 + .38 + .36 + .24 + .29 + .42 + .59 + 1.19 + .43 + .49 + .62 -.01 + .68 + .59 + .53 + .29 + .29 + .24 + .85 + .24 + .52 + .33 + .43 + .16 + .45 + .15 + .25 -.18 + .33 + .21 + .50 + .42 + .33 + .40 + .30 -.OS + .17 -.03 + .14 Of the 22 manufacturers listed in this table, all but 4 had an overrun in all three elements of plant food. One manufacturer failed to show an average sufficient to meet the guarantees in either nitrogen or potash. Although only one manufacturer failed to supply enough nitrogen to meet the guarantees, three others showed average overruns of less than .1 per cent. In available phosj^horic acid satisfactory overruns were noted in all but one instance. Three manufac- turers failed to supply a sufficient amount of potash to meet the average guar- antee. All of the other manufacturers showed overruns in excess of .1 per cent Explanation of Tables of Analyses. Guarantee. This column gives the manufacturer's claim or guarantee for the three elements of plant food, nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash, in the order stated. When the nitrogen system is finally adopted by all of the manufacturers, the guarantee of a fertilizer will be the same as the grade. With few exceptions, wherever the grade of a fertilizer is used as a part of the trade name the order and form express ammonia, available phosi)horic acid and potash. One of the exceptions noted is the Eastern States Farmers' Exchange. Their grade expression refers to nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash, con- forming to the recommendations of both the National Fertilizer Association and the Committee on Definition of Terms and Interpretation of Results on Fertilizers. Commercial Shortages. In the table designated "Mixtures showing a com- mercial shortage of %l or more per ton," the column headed "Approximate com- mercial valuation per ton" gives the sum of the valuation of each plant food element computed from the analysis by use of the trade values adopted by the Massachusetts Fertilizer Control for 1980, which appear on a preceding page of the bulletin. Under the heading "Approximate commercial shortage per ton" is shown the commercial valuation of the deficiencies or tests found below the guarantee after allowance is made for the value of overruns or tests above the guarantee. Deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Mixtures Substantially Complying with the Guarantee. In addition to the analysis of those fertilizers substantially complying with the guarantee, this table includes also those mixtures that are more or less out of balance; that is, having deficiencies in one or more plant food elements, but having overruns which largely offset the value of the deficiencies. Fortunately, only a very few of these were found, and as the analyses are given in sufficient detail so that the}' may be readily discovered, they are not placed in a group by themselves as for- merly, when the more abbreviated tables were used. "Number of samples" indicates the number of samples included in the com- posite which was analyzed. Inferior Nitrogen. The presence of inferior forms of organic nitrogen is indi- cated by footnotes. Potash Forrn,s. Wherever tests for clilorine showed a sufficient amount present to unite with all of the ]iotash foimd, the source of the potash is designated as muriate. Wherever insufficient chlorine was found to account for all of the potash it is evident that forms of potash other than muriate were used. In such cases, the figures under the sub-heading "As muriate" do not imply necessarily that muriate of potash was actually added to the mixture, but that chlorine was present, probably from impurities in the fertilizer chemicals, in amounts to ac- count for the percentage of potash indicated. The balance of the potash found is listed under the sub-heading "In forms other than muriate" and may be derived from sulfate, nitrate, or carbonate, as the case may be. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 15 bn 4-1 O X So 2 o 2;fe n o X' Ph P a s I, a o>f^ O^ 'Pi " M IM 00 CD n1 N OiM CO ta < S O c-i to CO i-i QW E I ■32? *^ ^ •3 "So o 3 " rx- -^d^- £ « 0 ,^ a C S 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 00 C E^^ CO •* o Tl< CO 1 1 1 9. ►-0 a aj -t< CS'CO om CD t^-f ^ -f^ f- COCO CO t^LO —1 L'> a < s <;'C c^ 00 CO— 1 M oco IM O -oo M O LO t^ 00 ) O 0) 01 aj 0) a) 0) 1) (U eg »0 LO o o r/1 CO LO o o r] C = OS Z&H "3 .-> (M o-t< C^l c^ .—1 ;.-5 CO 'CO CO ai o 'f o 'I* M 00 ooo CO =: S S o 00 00 o-- 00 o CO i.O t^t^ 00 m ■^)C^1 Tf "O f CO —1 —1 —1 e) eg OgrH C-1 -1 —1 el c <: -C oo COCO -f CO r- :o t^ 1 1 1 •* coco eioi t^ ^illf 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oo OiO lOiO 00 00 Tt^-* CO CD C2 (N oi CO TjJ rt< (N CO coco CD CO rf t^ tH Q z ^ ;3 — (D « ^ n o fefiH d o z •< 6 O M 'E'a .s.s 'S'S S K "o ■5 T N o o oo o a Uh PL, ~ P^fL, °3=S NUFACTU j: u L-i C 0) QJ _«_2 >> 32 o o oo c: c O § b 3 u fe fc 3 is is t" s-< C 0 -^ p 3 3 C3 o 0) 0 u u o o o '3 K« -ii! C9 oj c3 03 -« s < o o QQ o o o oo O ^ ^ ^< C8 O O PnfiH D-o- CO GO o o tH tH F-i is Si t-i t^ t4 u o O o o (llPL, HH o o o o o o ^-M /« .i & S f- M hll M M bli bl: t~l o o o o o o F < < -<< « < ■< << < -^ < pqffl « K« HPQ M < p !/i P. - - lO rH t^O) •^ CO 00 -H - t^ t~ CO eg o coog 'i'cg •— < INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 17 CO 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 C-l 1 1 1 \ 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 to oo o CO i~oi CO CO CC-f o ,-H -t< cOOl C-l OT C-l -H O o lO CM ^ lO CMC5 o lO 1 ^(M O) ooo C) CO -V -^ i-O CO c^ o t^ t^ t^ o -i a cu 0. » 0) « ttJ Ol c c S 3 -t< 3 3 3 3 3 lO CO C 0 o o o o OOO oico r> CO O CD -HO o Ol COOl CO -t< CO o CO o -t ,-1 00 CO 02 o Ci^ CO 00 COO CD CD t^oo CO r^ OO o o IM C-l C) -H Ol Ol -t< -f -ft o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OICM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oo 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 CO oa. 00 CO CO CO oooo en 00 C3 C3 C3 CO 00 00 o rJ,r!, CI c: \ lO lO C) o lO lO >o t^t- c:3 t^ cna^ lO (- r-. o •M IM CO 00 ^H CI Ol ^H coco 00 c-l CO CD CD TlHT)< TjHTtl CM ^ CO -H CO CO 'i< CO CO -t< ,-H^ CO ^^^ CMC<1 CMC 73 p:4 o o O oo w 1^^ PhPhPh PhPh x:x 03 O OO o o o o m K m m M m K m m m m m m m M m m > >^ >. ;>j ^j >! >.>. >>>. VI c « s 3 3 3 4^ Ai ^.i* & & T) T3 -o ^ T)T3 c3 c; 03 03 03 C8 03 03 oj tH tq[^ w w w w ^ tH ffi fQ pq« pq m P3 P3 PQP3 P3 m WpqpQ pqpq P5PQ py W WW w w w w ■* CD TftH lO t^ CO - CO CM •* 03 CM^CM Tflrt O-H i-H CM - -f-H - CM CO CM 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c>5-Ji -5- 6 w c3 CO o IN i.O CO o 1 CO C5 CO row 00 CO 1 1 rA ^05 003 Tf (-'XI 3D ^ 1-0 •^ *^ t~ -*< IMCO COTti t^O rt -H COCO i-io '-I Tf O 0000 Ot^ 00 0000 M i-O CO M '^ CO CO t^ O200 -i IN C^ " C^ Ol COCO -I ■-< -2 c:3 o o 0000 CO CO 00 ooco CO --H -H CO CO -H COCO -^^ t^t^ II II II 03 Oi CO CO CO CO 03 05 C3 ^^ 00 CO t^ CqiN IN — (— < lO o co'O -t< (N CO r^ Tf -*< t^ t^ CO t^ ^ CI CI CO CI ^ CO IN CI CO CO on f CO rr O-H r/1 CO lO CO CD lO lO -t< ot- IM CO ■o O 03 CO IN O CO o o IN CO lO CD -t< 1^ 'O 00 00 00 (N 00 00 t^ as 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 CD (N IN 00 l- ci o> 00 O CO fi i^ fi CO CO l-C^ lO CO t^ iri o cn C4 -f Ol o^ -t< 02 ■^ -f CO CO t^r- o Ol CO Tf o CO -t •^ CO fO o ""• TO tH ^ Csl CO CO CO rt rt -f ^ CO CO IN C) - CO CI OCO CO fO o ^ (M oq C-J o o •to n on Ol IN 0) aj .-) IO CD t- lO o uo o GO CO t-o (N o o CD t^ 3 § 1- 00 IC -t< 00 (P (N 'f >.o a) IM i.O o O c o o o o o O c C C a a " *"* C r- o en t^ lO on IN CO COC^l o t- -f 1-) r^ CI CJ o -f CD CO »tl 00 Ol 00 CO O OQO 00 00 CI CO CO •t^ CO CjiO Oi |^^ C m ,^^ Jh ^ C) CI o »— * ^^ •t cq ot (N coco •—I f-l IN IN •t o CO CD CD CD -f ^ CO ■^ 't IN CO CO CO rt^ -V -tl CO CO IN CO ^ ,-H,-l M s •• tH ^ 1 1 tH Lh t~i o CI 2; o « u 3 •V 0 u a. d o O << o V a o K Uh ti< < O r<; E L O Oh OO 'c "c » u o _c 0 _« 0 O o o oo E I!l c c oj a< 33 >, 3 C3 O o C3 2: o s 2; 3 a) cntn flipH a) e a) -0 S 03 o < c -5 'u F 0) bj; o o u lU 0 a 3 < ■< < «3 •* CO IC lO •* . "jS *j c CO 3 m ^ 0 S c3 aj 2 — -*j oi lO ti o . -S 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O O ^S5 t~ t^ K 0) o 00 t^ -f CO o^ t^ CO '1< CO i lO ci f^ S (p.H 9 £-2 =^ CO 03 lO !N -H ^ t^ CO Ol t^ ,»i >o CO 10 00 lO o ", CO -t< CO « IM CO rf O CM N o o 00 t^ t^ ^ 2r o 3 O O O O o o 0 •- 0 c 3 K Z;fe (- :S -3 j _2 05 CO Tti t^ CO CO t-^ T|< CO CD oici (N CO , >! >. >i >> >. >i 3 'ki"frM 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 tH X. Lh ^ 3 0 E O O O O O O O O j: 4J 0) .T! _s 0) 0; CJ a E g ^ s S s C 0 a ■-5 3 3 3 hJ h-l J «; « <; < < < < *i: < < < is"o iJ ra ^ rt CO T^ Tti ^^ o t^oo CD CO CD C-) 00 lO o -* fX rt< CO ^ <5 TfOO icco C3 0-. 00 00 C5 t^ O CO m o coco t^ t^ 00 •rf o 00 CO o -t< t^ tO'O o CO 00 CI CD 00 -tH -t< 00 00 o ^ o 1< 00 ~f. -t< 00 CO lO (M ^ C-1-+ 'OIM 00 m r~ o o t- 1- o oo ,^ MO rt< t^ 00 1- coco 1 1 CI rt o CO ^ o CO -to •^ 00 00 CO o coco •V -f -h Tt< tH -t< -f CO o COCO to t^ 2 t^o CO t-~ CO r^ ^ r) o lO CO cor^ on O CO oo ■-I ■o O'o oc^ 1 1 -f -h ^ o CC t^ t^OO to rt^ CO (MO^I C-IOI ■^ ■^ CO CO IMO OJ -t CO 00 t^ CD r^ t^ a; -♦< coco C] CO •V 00 r- O -t< O-f CO o 1 1 oo O o o c -fO c *"* " " " " c CI "" " " .-^00 O) IM ^00 CI o o '0 -f CI -V 1< TO Ci t^ t^ 1- O-H I- CD o to CO o CO o COO CO ■o CI C) CI CO -t -t< CO lO ■*-* 1 1 1 -H-t< t- 1^ r^ »-H f— ( CO 00 00 !Xl(Xl COCO 00 00 CO 1 CO CO 1 1 CD 1 1 1 00 CO 1 •^•^ 1< ^ otiot o CJ o CI . 1 CO ot. lOiO 1 1 CO to 1 A 00 00 CO '-' coco -f -f oo -*^ tl Tfl ^ CO CD CO CO CD CO -f -f C • (D<:D « 22 lO u CO 1 CO 1 >i 1 6 E m coco i 1 COM CO -f CO 1 OJ CO 1 1 CD 1 CO 1 o 1 o -f Tt< 1 1 o o o OO CD ocoo C3 o o 6 u fH ^ oo 4-4- -* 'f •V u CD coco CD 00 'u a fe fife fefe o a> (U OJ m 0) 0) a/ 0) U) 0) 0) (U s 3 CO o ■^■-1< r-t^ ci 03 C3 03 n^ 03 ctl d 01 03 03 01 03 03 DP V h 00 00 00 00 (5 -4-) Sm VI -fl M r/} Vl CO W COM !K y. CO o o O ^ Tt4 lO lO tfl r- r^ G C ^ r- r^ ^ a c c d r- C H c L-i U ti ti i^ !» > is 5: ^ ;; to to to tr tfi c3 ci 03 03 SI Cl cj « c« 03 o3 rt o3 03 OO O BI o 0 "1 PW QQ « WW WW w W w W W WW w W W Q u M^ CO - t-O) t^rt ^^ oco -* o CO - lO ^^ - - Tl( 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 m fi a ^_, rH ^__, CO p o i--r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lO — t K CO "^ lO tot- o« o o lO o 1:^ C2 -^"S o oo nn (N CO t^ 1 1 00 t~ 0 1 § C) t^t^ -V -f -f d -*< IN -*" -* (u.H ^^ ;- CO ot^ -t"M CO c; o oo -f LO •* ^ 0 o coco O-f CO o\ C-l o (N 0 i^ d 00 00 t^ t^ 00 d CO CO d 00 -* t^ ^^1 t~ 00 --1 003 o o o CO -* •* •^ CO -4^ t^ (NC3 CCTt< -H -f< 00 '0 lO t^ IN (N t^ o '~' ^ <; oo WW S w H J3 0 4-1 CO 5 •B ^ s U. X X X X X X X b "^i u u 1 1 1 01 WW WW CD w 01 W W u X c J d u 3 0 0) 3 ■3 0 0 u X 0 0 0 E ji ^^11 CO a>i-i -*(M t^ Tt< (N - - - - - - INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 25 ^— I o -H o CO coco 00 -tH I t~ II t^ I t~ lO 00 -H lo o I t ~ O O O I O t- I 00 CO CO t^ CO rH M< CO t-- CO o r/1 C^l C-) lO lyi o CO CO -^ o I^ l>- .-^r-l -t< ^ O) lO '-' CO r^ ^C-l 00 'f CO o o (M f t^ t>~ 00 00 C lOO en O (Tl C^1>M C-i Oii-f o t- 0(M C-l CO CO ■O lO M< !M CO a t^ t^ CO j; <^^ o MO) lo CO t~ o .-I - CD CO t^ CD LO I^ r^ 00 >o i-H C^) O G o O r-j •f ^ C-l o 1 1 1 1 (M 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 -r -t< 1 1 1 1 1 lO CO -* 00 00 00 Y (M 1 o on CO 00 (» '-* 00 00 oo«) CD CO CD CD 00 a J^ o Tt< r~ (N(N o r- t-1 CD cn 00 01 o c: 00 00 rj. i— ' T-H .—1 t- (N t- IM •V CO CO CO L-^ (M CO !M t^ -a ^ 03 03 ci 0) t^ O -r a u 0 h> t~ ^ •r c3 bn bn c/j C/J u c 0 4J T)T3 -^ -d T3 03 « o <5 S Ti =« =a o8 0 1 r 3 o < c3 c3 cn ^J2 C3 pq 0) X! c3 « XI 03 X O H a X o o OO C3 03 O 'X » "s OJ Q Q c 0 •a 1 1 It C 0 « c o3 « OO do OJ o d o d O d o d S2 OO 66 d O d d OJ OJ -CT3 dd d a d d d d o H O E (8 o *^ b > '^.< < <; <; -t; « -1^ -t; -t; -<<1 -T^ < -3^ < 1^ -r; >. CO CO ^ ■z 2; h-ih-i K-; «• H-; w ^^ «• h-; «■ H--H-; K-; M ►_■ H-; H-; ►_• C 1 1 h X CO CO lOC^ i^ CO - CO 33 CO (N -* CO Oi-r-i - CO CO -n - lO - CO 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 oi !== Q s.Si 2 ^ o P r°t!-§ 1 OD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o lO "-0 q '6 a o CD 1-0 CO CD CO CD -f coco COO ca CO H O -<■§ t- 1 O 00 O W oo CO CO ■*' coo od 1 Ph § ^•S ilab pho cid und >o CO CD 00 o o o o o CO-f r^oo o o o t^ CO -* Cl O: O lO ooo CDCSI com 00 t^ Tt< 00 CO 00 o t^ 00 cJ 00 00 00 00 coco CO „• M< (N CO 00 f 00 't' ^T»( ^O o^ r^ -M r~ 00 CO CO M< (N CD CD 00 coco (N(N coco IN o CO ^ Tti 00 CO CO C^ c^ ^ coco ■* Tf coco TfJ '5 c -f 1^ IM CD o o lO C) lO oo OHO Q C c3 C C3 CO O t^ o CO o o t^ COt^ t^cri Ol o S5 " ?fo Oi ^" (N p O of^ Z ^ll -t< a t^ t- ID dJ OJ d) (D OM co'O 0)10 CD t^ O o (M CD -t< lOC^J c CO CO O o o o o o 2 o ci OS 2;p^ Z C3 S ''^ CD CD N 00 r^ 00 C: CD o ^IM coo C5 00 S £1i S 2 O CO t^ CO CD LO CO —1 o in'im' C-. o (NCO oo o i^ -< - t^ IM o o •* -rf 1 ■^ -^ t^ t^ o C « c! J2 n. j r 1 1 lO 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 CO 00 CD CD CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 CD CD CO 00 o o O) 1 CO 1 CO 1 CD CO ft 00 00 oo 00 00 ^ CO •^ Th 00 CD co'co ■rtH .^ coco rt< M .0-. o o t4 tH O O < < I-, u, O • O • U-, fe q' O CD ^ 3 • 3 ■ K 5 S e . S f^ Q z ■X3 _3 t4 > ■d-a 3 3 S S T3-a c3 03 OO (D OJ IM o CO CD (M CO -f CD 0 r> c: cc -h t- CD 0 m TO o 00 eg ■ O -f CO CO'O 00 CO t -^01 '-' CO CO CD 00 oo '0 00 00 00 0 -t< t^I^ CO t^ t~ oco 10 00 lO ^ 00 -f oco -it 00 lOC^) -*< 0 cs iOiO -*< t-> CO ^ '*' o C-j CO •1< CO -r< 00 C3 -1< —1 t^ 00 CO -H Tt< 0 CD CD CD iQ CI '" CO coco •i< •M CO -V '1< a, n. c c c o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " s ^ C c a c c 00 o lO ,-lO ro 0 0 cioo 00 tn 01 cot r/i 00 . ot> -i< ■o t- A o^'-> 1- 01 Ol l» t- 01 C73 CI CI CI Cl '^ -h CO coco T— 1 -1^ »— 1 ^H ^H •^^ C-l Ol T— ( ^H CO Cl r— < lO '-' (M CO coco -H Ol -H -t -t O) CO CO -V -I* 00 Cl -t< • • d • • . .' • u 0 e a 3 0 "M -V 2 -f-t< 1- OJ 0; S 3 lO 00 Jo CD 00 00 00 s .2 ■> OJ fl a ^ 1^ 1 CO U !» CO -f -f -t lO oi 03 c S 00 1 C 15 a 0) o 0) o S2; o o 3 u 0 / rt .-H M C-] 00 00 CO CD I I 00 00 ;:; i6 3 I I 3 M .S S r- XX E. '^ t*- IM r^ (D oi C3 w • ro 1 O 1 i.O 3 SS5 QJ 1 -V a 3 ci, "g o C3 C3 03 0 0) 6 C3 ■^ § h« bO » 0 bt . X c 03 Li ID o o =a^ < 0 0 M c3 03 S c3 bll i2: o u X A P^Pl, c» H -o Tl T} Tl T3T3 T) TT -rl T) c a 3 C C3 C3 C8 C3 03 C3 01 n bll b|| Sll bll SO M bll C C^ c W w W W WW W Wrl, w bJ S s 5= & s > ^ £co s S 01 I) 0) » 0) 01 0) z; g; Z z; 2:;Z 2: '4, ^ lO OOr-l ,-1 •* r-l .-I INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 29 I i-H CO CO lOlM 'O O t-l t^ IM CO to ooo ^ Ci ^ \ f-H O CD 05 o CO CO r-.co 00 CO CO o CO-tH CD CO o IM CO 1^ CO o O CD 00 ^ 00 00 00 00 CO lO >0 ■o-*< CO 00 -f CD 00 -f ^ 00 CO CO lO lO CO CO CO cooq o 05 SJ O CD C^ CD C3 ■O t- O CO CO CO CO t^ M CO CO ■* ■* lO lOiO CO CO >o COCO M< CO •il -t< -ft 1< (N CO o CO CO CO o CO CO ■coo 00 10 CD 00 CD CO o o CO o o CO o CO lO CO '-' ^ ^ CO ^ N (N CO >-o '^ CO OiO 'V CO "^ ""• l>1 CO CO Tt< CD CO 2 --ic^i CO C2 CO C-) 00 .-I ^ IM i-H i-H CO CO IN 5> 1.0 CO CO CO CO ^ 05 CO 00 00 00 5;co .-I ■-(< "O t^ rt .-H t-^ CO rt CO 00 CO CO 00 OOCO CO CO I I I I I I I I I I r^o^o^i-if-icococo'oco -f C^ Cl *-i '-I o oi o t^ 'O >0 'O lOiO COOOCOCDOO-t^rHOO I I I.I I I I I .-H -H I- O t-H ro --I --I IS 03 o o 03 o! O O *^ ^ CO 00 CO 00 00 coco CO COCO CC CC tc cc yicc tc to Q Q Q Q Q Q •73 XJ t3 T3 T3 'tJ o o o o o o -d-d oo i ^ -2 i; 33 O o O M ffi ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -y =a =3 =« <« «3 a K ooooootsi^ (M -^rH (M IM -* r-1 i-H o3 0) ■3 ° di o 3 a> o £ o ji~ =3 ■s "■' £ Is oj S Oj O OJ F^ «•* 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Q s|i w O 0 "t^.2 1 ^. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fe c^g q "O^ ■ K » t- rt< CO iM a IM T o t^ CI ,^ 00 O t^ CO •< H O -< '- ^ ^ ^ O o O CO c^ o oi 00 t^ t^ s t^ CO t^ '*< d ■* lO -1" -t< i^ IN CO d -f' o (D.i; ilabi phor cid und. i» o (^ -f t^ o lO CTJ 05 t^ w t^ ,^ lO 00 o o CO o t^ o CO r^ CD CO 05 o t^ CD W'^ (33 I^ r^ 00 00 CD t^ CD 00 00 GO t^ 00 CO 00 •Ph _• 00 o 'J' -1< LO •t' CO o CO in' CD cq' CO -t< IN (N CO CO .H« fi a 00 i^ CD CO CO -f t^ CI o 00 ^ CO CO o Q C3 H c o I^ CD 00 CO 00 lO o -V CO 1< CD lO uO z " ?^o ^' ^ o of^ z (N CO _^ Q 00 Z 1 CO PS . CO « o Q Z a < _S o s K ^ 1 ■<^ ■a 1 d U -f CD 1 Uh d < -^ i' 4) N 1 00 lO Oj •a U it. ^ ^ '— 1 1 • — S ^ 0 z < o O 1 u C *', >> r 1 1^ 00 1 u 0/ 0 o3 ffl T 6 u M V C ti 00 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 c IS 3 0 IN ot CO ol o 3 O H < "a ^ "2 s P2 =3 0) O Ph 3 O "2 s iH P5 P5 < i 1 i o 4J 0) 0 0) « P5 PQ o V C 4) E u a PL, PL, pL, Ph p-l Ph Ph PL, u 3 % 3 Is ci o 3 3 ■s C3 Ph 4J C 0 E 4> > K j5 03 > Lh IP > 03 O a. Qu '£. 1-^ C>) - lO CO - Tf CO 0 OD '-0 00 O Cv| i-t 00 00 (N »0 »0 CO CC 'l^ C^ T-H iO »0 luO O IM -^ 'X! ^ CO 'M --^ O -H -H CD O -t< '-^ CO ^ t- O CO CO C-l .-< .-i M rt —I CO CO CO CD Ol Oi CO O (M '-H W O CI 'O (M O CO CDIOCOCO CCCOCO'-I— ICO^OOt-ICOCpiO.-f I I II I I I II I.I I I II I t^ I c COCDfNlM CDCOCOOO-— iClcD-fCOCOCOCO Q 2 d H U ■^ T5 0) A .:3 o 3 O E S o n M W) c a c 'Qi CO T3 d o ■*< CO S OJ.g 75 ac 3 CQ in-* N 05IM o CO 00 •4* CO o a> 00 00 t^ CO ■"1 ■*CD lO (NIN t> 00 lO O lO lO CD '^ CO 1.0 (M t>i 00 00 00 coco 00 CO CO 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 CO „. o t^!N o t^Cl X 1.0 00 CO (M C5 CD CO 1^ ^ ■* -2 CO Tt( O CO t~t^ t^ ^ (M CO Tt< o t^ lO o CO COCO ■:)< coco 00 00 CO Tti CO Tt< CO CO CO S ^ o co^ 00 "1<00 ■^ CO •^ t~ 00 CO 'i* ^ 1^ CO Q r: a a CD t^o o CO t^ ^ t^ to IM IM Tf CD CD CO o Z ■^ C?o ^ CO ^' 1t< O Of- QJ -: ?: -»J CO C3 g S 0^ 00 N. QJ 00 ci 0) OJ OJ OJ . O OJ a> o w e CO yD c CI 00 c c CD a C o o o o o o o O o O o o o ^5 ° c c^ C a 13 c « Zfe H ;S "^ rt oi o oi< .—1 1-CIM -t< IM -^ CD -1< CD i.O IM o CO rf flSS t^ COC>l CO CO CO o (M Cj '-' o 00 Tt< o CO CO (M in'im' CO -# CO 00 t^ CO CO CO ^ iM CO h < "2 o ; CO COCO Tti CD CD 00 00 CO CO Tti CO •* CO CO Tji in Q • ■* Z 1 00 1 Q a 1 o •< CO 00 T c K a r3 1 t4 Q 1 13 1 03 3 O H ft o H c o o o c3 'H O S3 Ui o 3 ■n z 1 d t-l ■=a 6 O 0 c IS 3 0 H .^i a O a d U ■H U 611 c 3 0 a a is h-1 o o PL, "S a o 3 u H P 3 u 03 ft & S M 4^ u 6 6 6 a "3 3 S5 o3 3 0) u O U U o O 3 O' E Tt< 3 C X o o o 4J IB _^K _m _m 03 -°° c ki t~, u >t "m 't^ 'U. '(-1 o8 o 00 1 n OJ 0 « PQ pq 0 (B OJ CD 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 COCO 1 1 Jd CO S be O ca » ct >. >1 >> >. >, 4J 'J3 CO 00 00 COCO 1 1 4) s CO o o o O o O o O 0 1 1 1 Tt ■* i-H - CO - - - IM o CM o t^oo oo-x> -h .-ICO lO C^l (N 1 1 00 o o O 1 1 coo ■o CO CM 0) ■* coco ■* CO '~ t^ -f Tt< XI t^ o CD t -ti lO CO CO 10 CO 10 00 CO C3 COO lO 00 ^ ^ or- C-l 1^ CO t~ o lo t^ f ^ a: -1^ >o o cc cc 10Tt< t^ lO rf 00 IN '-' C^l CM 0> r/1 -t< r/1 ooo iOtI< ■:*< -H GO-f< 00 'S' CO CC (N o -V CO o C-) o t^ lO '^ 00 CM coco C>1 C) C-) C^) CO CMOl coco C^l CM CM CO in o CO LO i.O lO t -v r^t^ 1 -tH -f ')' O o -t< -f 1 CO 1 CO 1 CO 1 CO 1 lO 1 CO 1 1 00 CO 1 1 00 00 1 CO 00 CO CD CO CO CM CM ^ 00 o o O C2 ri. -i| o lO t~t^ r-l ot) o (M ■+ c^ CM ^H coco 1—1 rH ^ T)( *— 1 N CO ■* -S< CM CO CO Th •t -l- coco ^Tf CO -' CqCM Tt< CO U c 0 o o c a 03 03 -d-a t4 Fh OJ OJ is S CO 1 o 1 CO .2 :S 3 a CO 03 OS o o o 1 d tH fe B ta 'o < "S'm a a a a _2 p=5 O p 03 o3 "So WW lO V o o p 0; 61) M wn S CJ 03 03 o u C ^ u 0 u ^1 ^ m X (^ a > > ■s-s 2 "3 tH a 0) a a y. X ^ 3 h 0 % N =>i N 0 1 J) "o -a 18 "0 c WW, WW O m mm lO 00 6 u c 0 oa 4J d U V £ o o C3 O O o u 'it !• 3 3 u o o o o U M _C ■0 c V 0^ 1 CO -rl 1 1 I 1 o lO 1 CO h-1 lO 1 lO ^3 T3T3 'a'a o3 o3 ■n-a 'a'a &t3 m 'a t3 T3 'a mm O OJ 'a'a WP w 01 0) 'a 0 u H 0 3 ^ X < r o o 0) Uli M 0) 0) ui: 0) T3T3 a a 03 c3 a 03 oi T3 Fh 03 "5 u 03 a "? o J '> ■> 4-1 o o 03 C3 c3 c3 C3 o3 03 03 6 C/J S M <7j mm c^ OJ X ■7J OJ C/J i/J 4J Vim ■mmi m (/J mm t/J m - - N ^^ - CM - - - too Q-\ Cvl ^^ - lO 34 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 m C BJ-Si o OOM lO CO Tf( 0«D 1 lO 00 t>it>^ •* CO a; '*^ t^ (M CO -f CM !D lO rt< to o <'S, ro 1 C^ IM O-H "^ IM 1 t^ o -V t- -t< Tfl* t^OO ,-H IN M ,_( § w IM coco .-I ^ COIN - s = a 1- CO CO coco coco rt IN i-i -1< COCO ^ ^ « 1— ■'- -S ■If C^ o o c3 M— o.'T OZ'^Ch'S CO CO ,J.co 1. .iS fl^ 0 kn ^ =a OJ T1 U -J' o ffl °ij "« "> K PQ S JC r* 0 X d S oi ^ ci C3 ifl rr ri' r// ■0 -d T-) -rt 0 T! c G G c *j t: t Z Z "a Ph 0 U U 2 2 0 08 0 0 4J c a U 0 ' 1 ^b m 4J 1 .MM X 4-1 c gg (« (« en ^ M u (/) =a oa b c rtCO --l T-l INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 35 O Ol "O '^It ,-1 :D 1.0 o n ■Q 00 o CO 00 CO 00 "M O o -r lo to CO M< C-l ^--Ol 1< o o I - C3 CO o 0000 00 to o ^ O t-- C -O lO CO O t^ -H -o C~J o CS CO CO ■* CO 0 -H (M(M o lO !M t< (N rt< t CO CO to 0 10 00 Oi lO IM TO D ro t-co 00 00 t^ i.o 1^ 3j CO !M Cl O M (M CO 00 1- lo o C) c. ^ -#r|i CO CO d H U ^^ -^^ Xi^ C a cs T) ci 60 M ^ n fc K-t-' o o U s 6 () ^^ c^ c V (i< c OCJ f^ r?r •a c >. 3 .^_^ ^ jD -C j:: -a r! (V r bC bl 6(1 Mi "1 a «K a « V h ^ i o -dT3 T? -rt 91 (S C3 c3 ct u Bu I-* r^^. <^ <-, 0 U ^ o3 03 O OO =a ^ ^^ o 03 03 U r> >>>> ^ Ix bH c> o o (i1 PL,^ *j oj a M CO •* i-H >o cq >-< 36 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS Summary of Results of the Inspection of Fertilizer Simples and Rawr Products. •0 "o "o^i 0 '0'^ a c 0 til a a s ^ V C3 il ^ ^ < <; < < -< <^ 0 Nitrate of soda . 67 20 15.87 $61.08 .152.37 19.2 (nitrogen) Nitrate of potash 11 6 13.24 ~ ~ 43 . 98 105.21 114.06 16.5 (nitrogen) 7.0 (potash) Nitrate of lime . 6 2 1.5.07 - - - 50.25 49.73 16.7 (nitrogen) Calurea 5 3 34 . .52 - — — 107.88 96.66 15.6 (nitrogen) Synthetic urea . 0 3 46 . 2.5 - - - 173.90 129.50 18.8 (nitrogen) Cal-Nitro . 3 2 20.82 - - - 70.00 60.38 16.8 (nitrogen) Calcium cyanamid 2 2 21.54 - - - _ 60.31 - Ammonium sulfate 49 17 20.87 - - — 63.34 52.18 15.2 (nitrogen) Ammo-Phos (20-20) . 2 1 16.69 21.12 20.93 90.00 65.57 19.8 (nitrogen) 5.8 (available phosphoric acid) Ammo-Phos (13-46) . 3 3 11.26 48.57 47.00 86.00 82.28 13.0 (nitrogen) 5.8 (available phosphoric acid) Cottonseed meal 73 73 6.74 1.70a - 1 . 96a 44.17 44.48 32.8 (nitrogen) Linseed meal, old process 3 3 5.38 1.61a — 1 . 92a 57.33 35.51 53.3 (nitrogen) Castor pomace . 18 18 5.28 l,.56a — 1.09O 33.25 34.85 31.5 (nitrogen) Mowrah meal 1 1 2.77 .89o — 2.64a 45.00 -6 - Blood tankage . 7 4 10.98 4.40 - - 89.83 71.64 38.9 (nitrogen) Milorganite 1 1 5.42 2.42 - - 40.00 .34 . 94 34.7 (nitrogen) Organic Conditioner . 1 1 5.89 1.68 — - 46.00 ,37.02 37.6 (nitrogen) Superphosphate . 70 21 - 17.58 16.89 - 22.07 18.92 6.5 (available phosphoric acid) Precipitated bone S 6 ~ 42.49 40.64 — 63.90 41.38 7.9 (available phosphoric acid) Basic slag phosphate . 10 2 - 17.. 39 15.48 25.05 16.24 8.1 (available phosphoric acid) Colloidal phosphate 11 1 - 20.56 3.72 - .54.22 10.46 13.2 (total phos- phoric acid) Phosphate rock, ground 1 1 - 33.65 - - - 13.46 _ Muriate of potash 42 17 - - - 50.57 .54.25 43.49 5.4 (potash) High grade sulfate of potash . 19 14 - - - 48.91f 62.47 56.74 6.4 (potash) Sulfate of potash-mag- nesia 4 4 - - - 27.71d 41 . .50 .32.14 7.5 (potash) Cotton hull ashes 2 2 - 2.62 — 30 . 83e 57.72 61.66 9.4 (potash) Dry ground fish (/) 29 16 8.. 58 7.47 — — 76.66 71.71 39.9 (nitrogen) Animal tankage ig) 22 12 8.02 10.44 - - .59.12 58.67 30.4 (nitrogen) Ground bone (h) 82 31 2.64 25.83 - — .54.91 43.72 — Wood ashes (i) 8 8 - 1.93 - 4.37 35.07 10.28 _ Pulverized sheep manure ik) 40 10 1.67 1.08 — 3.46i 51.11 11.98 — Pulverized sheep and goat manure {k) 16 2 1 . 36 .98 — 2.99^ .50.91 9.97 - Goat manure {k) 4 2 1 . 38 1.40 - 3.75i 41.00 11.02 - Poultry manure (k) U 3 4.. 54 2.97 - 1 . 28; 48.75 26.10 - Cattle manure (k) 7 4 1.96 1.09 - 1 . 82y 54.50 12.13 - Sheep manure and wool ] waste 2 2 2.02 .56 ~ 4.26y 24.00 13.96 ~ a From previous year's analyses. The potash percentages refer to total and not water soluble. b Valued chiefly as a worm eradicator on golf greens. . c Average chlorine, 2.40%. d Magnesium oxide, 11.27% ; chlorine, 2.02%. e Calcium oxide, 8.95%; magnesium oxide, about 6%; chlorine, 1.72%. /Chlorine, 1.09%. g Average tankage finer than 1/.50 inch diameter, 50.62%; coarser than 1/.50 inch, 49.38%. /t Average ground bone finer than 1 /.50 inch diameter, 69.51%; coarser than 1/50 inch, 30.49%. i Average calcium oxide, 33.59%; moisture, 10.41%. j Total potash. k Average organic matter: sheep manure, 51.81%; sheep and goat manure, 36.15%; goat manure, 38.55%; poultry manure, 69.20%; cattle manure, 64.30% ; sheep manure and wool waste, 41.53%. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 37 Nitrogen Compounds. LTndei' this heading will be found the fertilizer chemicals and unmixed materials valued chiefly for their nitrogen. Averages are given where inore than one analysis has been made of the same brand; these are indicated by footnotes. Brands showing a commercial shortage of one dollar or more per ton are listed in a separate group and deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia. Nitrate op Soda. Sulfate OF Ammonia. NITROGEN. NITROGEN. Manufacturer. Number of Samples. 1 Number of Samples. Found. (tuaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. 9 15.84 15.22 S 20.96 20 . 56 Ant.'!i<-('hilean Nitrate Sales Corp. 10 1.5.64 15.50 - - - .\pothecaries Hall Co. . 3 15.70 15.21 — - - Armour Fertilizer Works .3 15.34 14.81 3 20.56 20.56 Barrett Co. .... f 18a \ - 16.. 30 16.25 66 3 21.10 20.80 20.56 20.. 56 Berkshire Chemical Co. _ - 2 21.14 20.56 Central Chemical Co. . 1 15.76 15.00 - - - Coiisolifhited Rendering Co. 1 15.64 15.22 6a 20.84 20.. 50 .John C. Dow Co. 9 15.76 15.00 - - - Eastern States Farmers' Exchanse O 15.82 15.00 3 20.90 20.. 50 Ford Motor Co. ... - - - 2 21.06 20.80 International Agricultural Corp. . '-> 15.40 15.00 3 20.72 20.56 Koppers Products Co. . - - - 7 20.90 20.75 Merrimac Chemical Co., Inc. 2 16.32 16.25 - — — Miller Fertilizer Co. 1 15.20 15.00 - — _ Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . 2a 16.10 15.. 50 1 20.82 20.50 Olds & Whipple, Inc. . 1 15.06 15.00 1 21.00 20.56 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc. 4 15.84 15.00 2 20.76 20.56 Rogers & Hubbard Co. 1 15.02 14.80 - - _ F. S. Royster Guano Co. 1 15.04 15.00 — - - Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc. 1 15.60 15.00 1 20.26 20.56 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp. . ~ ~ ~ 1 21.10 20.56 n Two analyses. b Arcadian brand. Two analyses. Synthetic Urea, Calurea, Cal-Nitro, Calcium Nitrate and Cyanamid. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Manufacturer. Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. American Cyanamid Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. .... Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp. . Vex Sales Corp. ..... Aero Cyanamid Calurea [ Urea . J Calurea 1 Cal-Nitro . [ Calcium Nitrate . Vex 2a 1 4o 4a 3a 6a 16 21.54 34.66 46.29 34.49 20.82 15.07 46.06 21.00 34.00 46.00 34.00 20.50 15.00 46.00 a Two analyses. 6 Urea compressed into cartridge form and sold with hose attachment to faciUtate application to lawns, etc. 38 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Nitrate of Potash. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. p0ta.ssium Oxide. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Chlorine. Apothecaries Hall Co. . International Agricultural Corp. Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Olds & Whipple, Inc. . 2 3 3a 2 13.68 12,36 13.30 13.80 13.00 12. 33 13.00 13.00 44.64 44.00 44.73 4.5.00 44.00 42.00 44 00 44.00 .35 .75 .25 .60 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of |1 or More per Ton. Berkshire Chemical Co. I I 1 1 13.70 I 13.00 I I 38 22b a Two analyses. b Commerciid shortage, $6.78 per ton. Ammo-Phos. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Pho-sphoric Acid. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Total. AVAILABLE. Found. Guaran- teed. American Cy-mamid Co. !? 11.20 16.09 1 1 . 00 16.50 48.57 21.12 47.00 20.93 46.00 20.00 a Three analyses. Cottonseed Meal and Castor Pomace. Cottonseed Meal. i 1 Castor Pomace. Manufacturer. Number of Analyses. nitrogen. Number of Analyses nitrogen. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. Apothecaries Hall Co. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co. . Berkshire Chemical Co. Central Chemical Co. . Cutler Co. ..... Humphreys-Godwin Co. International Agricultural Corp. Spencer Kellogg , >. "1 "0 5 i 5 £ S«= = = J J« j« ^5 f •" *j t-S "S » K i-.l^ >'.^ i-i; Q Q U U U Q Q 0 48 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 U u -3 a 2;(^ c 9 o I— I St, 00 CO CO 00 rt c<) --H -H CI —I -^ CZ) !M -sT! CI --I -■C CO ^ 00 £§ SS S S S n ^-^ CS-= 4) ^_- u_- S^? s^ Tl^ 5 •0 z: « - o u - - b - « S -• 0 c .fl : r; J3 cj j-r-^ J^ ■30^. 3<, ft! Oi ■= o in V C T3 rr. cSCl S -rt 01 ^ (D .c -l!) 0) bl 01 > 0 o^'S t; S - b 0 d) oH a a. M 3 J:: = 'o- tein) .... 73.20 68.37 .576 1 .515 ( 91.80 96,83 52.40 88.60 Darling's Tankage . 57.28 57.24 .395 1 . 432 1 74.27 73.40 61.60 92.00 Fleshings from Hides 64.73 66.97 .515 1 . 5.55 1 85.40 94.96 07 . 80 91.20 Garbage Tankage (Ameri- can Reduction Co.) 55.30 51 . 20 .413 1 .398 1 69.06 71.98 45 . SO 03.40 Garbage Tankage (Detroit Reduction Co.) 64.45 61.78 .481 1 .401 1 81.85 83.60 48.00 69.40 Garbage Tankage (Reading Reduction Co.) 50.26 54 . 04 .3.54 1 .439 1 67 . 63 70.. 38 39.40 64.00 Linseed Meal Old Process . 62.04 63.78 .464 1 .458 1 80.94 81.83 76.40 87.20 Peruvian Ciuano 72.41 79 43 .603 1 653 1 98.46 111.47 39.00 99.60 Rapeseed Meal (6.70','/, nitrogen) 65.96 57 . 73 . .549 1 .439 1 80.20 87.69 50.00 91.40 Rapeseed Meal (5.35% nitrogen) 70.24 59.42 .489 1 .433 1 84.08 81.83 45.40 84.00 Rapeseed Meal (3.95% nitrogen) 58.76 53.00 .427 1 .352 1 72.47 69 . 14 36.40 77.40 Rubberseed Meal (Blue Point Oil Corp.) . 58.71 60.95 .452 1 .457 77.59 80.67 51.60 90.20 Rubberseed Meal ( Prcsco Oils Corp.) . 57 . 80 61.18 .458 .4.50 77.15 80.59 77.20 87.20 Smirow Tankage M . 57 .53.83 ..383 .418 70.29 71.09 53.80 76.80 Supernite Tankage . 60.34 07 . 35 .444 .546 82.80 87.80 78.40 97.80 Whale Guano . 71.54 71. 33 . 557 .562 92.04 99.31 68.20 98.40 (a) By "unwashed" is meant the original ground material furnished to the trade: "washed" designates each product largely freed from water soluble nitrogen by successive washings with water. Conclusions. Dried Blood, Dark. I'he two lots of fertilizer grade Dried Blood .showed satisfactory nitrogen availahility. The direct-heat drying system employed in the preparation of this product, which is probably responsible for the dark color characterizing this grade of blood, apparently does not lower the quality of the material as a nitrogen source. The results secured on the 1929 sample in Series II, the washed product, do not confirm the low availability recorded in the 1929 experiment, and indicate that the material is of excellent quantity. No explana- tion can be given for the low test secured in 1929. XTottonseed Meal. All three grades of Cottonseed Meal showed satisfactory nitrogen availability, the lower protein meals leading the higher grade both in dry matter yield and in nitrogen recovered. Darling's Tankage. Experiments with this product have given consistent results for three successive years. The average availability of the total nitrogen INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 51 has been about Gl on the basis of ch-y matter yield and GO on the basis of nitrogen recovery. The average availabiUty of the water insokible nitrogen has been about Go on the basis of dry matter yield and G4 on the basis of nitrogen recovery, as com]jared with Dried Blood at 80. Distillery Waste Fertilizer. This is the first experiment with tliis material, which is not valued primarily for its content of nitrogen, but is a complete ferti- lizer mixture composed of distillery waste jjroduct to which is added superphos- phate, jiotash salt and anhydrous ammonia in amounts to furnish a 3-8-4 grade. Practically all of the nitrogen present is in water soluble form; therefore, the material is not listed in Series II. In dry matter yield and in nitrogen recovery the fertilizer compared favorably with medium grade Tankage as a nitrogen source. (See page 42, Control Bulletin No. 45, December, 1928, Massachusetts Agricultural Exjjeriment Station.) These results do not .justify claims for supe- riority of the fertilizer due to the presence of a relatively large amount of soluble organic vegetable matter. The fertilizer to which manganese sulfate was added seemed to have a depressing effect ujjon both the yield of dry matter and the nitrogen recovery, — in other words, the manganese sulfate did not increase the effectiveness of the fertilizer. Fleshings from Hides. This is the first experiment with this material. About 63.5 per cent of the nitrogen was in water insoluble form and was found to be of excellent quality. The nitrogen derived from the water insoluble por- tion of the product had a much higher availability than that derived from the original ground but unwashed material. This same characteristic has been observed in case of other products under experiment, and might indicate that the water insoluble portion contained some substance that was toxic to soil organisms or possibly to growing plants; or that the washing treatment removed some colloidal material, thus making the washed i:)roduct more easily attacked by decomposition organisms in the soil and rendering the nitrogen more quickly available. Garbage Tankage. One samjjle of this ]3roduct was included in the 1929 experiment and showed availability of about 47 on the unwashed and 42 on the washed material, as compared with Dried Blood at 80. Information was secured as to the manufacturing source of the three samples under experiment this year, in order to check the uniformity of the product as offered to the trade. The results secured are rather more favorable to the product than were expected, judging from the previous experiment, and show a rather wide variation in effect- iveness. The availability of the total nitrogen varied from about 53 to 59, and the water insoluble nitrogen availability varied from 68 to 84, as compared with Dried Blood at 80. The availability, particularly on the washed ]3ortion, seems high for this class of materials, and it is hoped that further studies of these products may be made in 1931. Linseed Meal. This is the first experiment with this product. The nitrogen availability exceeded that of Dried Red Blood, classing the ])roduct as an excellent source of nitrogen. Peruvian Guano. This completes three experiments on this product. All three sami)les showed very satisfactory nitrogen availability. The alkaline laboratory method, as has been previously pointed out, does not give a fair index of nitrogen activity for this class of products. The so-called neutral method, however, is quite satisfactory, giving results that indicate the superior quality of the nitrogen. Rapeseed Meal. The nitrogen in this ])roduct was shown to be of good quality, comparing favorably with the nitrogen from Cottonseed Meal. The sample with the lowest nitrogen content, and therefore with the highest per- f)2 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 53 *J 0 a b ■5^0 -< « IS k. oix ■mT) 54 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 centage of seed hull, naturally gave the lowest nitrogen availability as its decom- jiosition in the soil would be somewhat slower. Rubberseed Meal. The first experiment on this material indicates that its nitrogen availability is quite satisfactory, comparing favorably with both Cot- tonseed Meal and Rapeseed Meal. Smirow Tankage. The product under experiment this year showed a some- what lower availability of total nitrogen and a higher availability of water insol- uble nitrogen than did the sample secured in 1929. Both experiments, however, showed the j'roduct to contain nitrogen of fair quality. Supernite Tankage. This season's results confirm the availability shown by other samples of the product in 192S and 1929, and indicate that the nitrogen is of very satisfactory quality. Whale Guano. Results this season, as in the past two years, indicate that the nitrogen furnished by this product is of very satisfactory quality. The Effect of Manganese Sulfate on Yield of Dry Matter and Recovery of Nitrogen. The study of the effect of compounds of manganese on yield of crop and assimi- lation of nitrogen, which was begun in 192S, has been continued this season. The use of carbonate of manganese was discontinued, as two previous experiments gave negative results. In this experiment all of the pots received the same basic ration of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash that was used in the main experi- ment, the nitrogen being supplied from Dried Red Blood. The following table gives average yields of dry matter and nitrogen recovered with the various treatments. Treatment. Number of Pots. Average Yield per Pot (Grams) . Dry Matter. Nitrogen. No Manganese Sulfate added ..... Manganese Sulfate, 3 grams ...... Manganese Sulfate, 6 grams ...... Manganese Sulfate, 9 grams ...... 3 2 2 2 65.073 59 . 085 62.555 62 . 580 .4633 .4295 .4440 .4465 Conclusion. No increase either in dry matter yield or in nitrogen recovery was noted with any of the treatments with the manganese salt. VEGETATION POT EXPERIMENT WITH PHOSPHATES. This is a report of results of a vegetation pot experiment to determine the availability or crop-producing value of certain phosphatic materials largely used as sources of phosphoric acid, both in mixed fertilizers and as fertihzer simples. Some of the phosphates employed in this experiment are comparatively new, others have been produced by jjrocesses more or less modified from the original. While some of the materials have been iised by the trade, with apparently satis- factory results, yet there is a lack of recorded data as to the actual crop-producing value of the phosphoric acid which the products carry. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 55 Description of Phosphates Included in the Experiment. Ammoniated Superphosphate. This is the product of the Davison Chemi- cal Co., Baltimore, Md. It is made by adding liquid or anhydrous ammonia to superi)hosphate. As ordinarily carried out, the jn-ocess results in somewhat lowering the availability of the phosphoric acid originally contained in the super- phosphate, as measured by laboratory methods. The process appears to be a very economical method of ammonifying fertilizer mixtures and is of much in- terest to the fertilizer industry at present. The product usually contains from 17 to 19 per cent total, and from 12 to 14 per cent citrate-soluble phosphoric acid. Ammo-Phos (13-4G grade). This is the jiroduct of the American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y. It is known to be a very reliable source of available l^hosphoric acid as well as anuxionia and was included in the experiment as an- other standard or check with which to compare some of the other ])hosi)hates. Basic Slag Phosphate. Two grades were employed, both having been drawn by our insjjectors from stock imported from Belgium or Germany during the season of 1929. These slags are said to differ from the basic phosphatic slags of pre-war times in that less lime and more sand is used in slagging the iron ore. Calcined Phosphate. The two jiroducts under this name were developed by the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh, Penn. They are of recent origin and are not ]iroduced commercially at present. Colloidal Phosphate. This is a fine, silty, natural phosi)hate, a by-jiroduct in mining Florida ])hosphate It is sold rather widely, in experimental amounts, in Massachusetts and other New England States by the Colloidal Phosjihate Sales Co. of New England. A description of this product is given on i)age 51, Bulletin No. 51, Control Series, ])ublished by this station in 1929. Fused Phosphate and Potash. This jn-oduct is manufactured by the Kreiss Potassium Phosphate Co., Tampa, Fla. It is not a true chemical compound of potassium phosphate. Claims are made by the producers that both the phos- phoric acid and the potash are readily available to-ijlants. It is not, to the writer's knowledge, sold in this locality. High Grade Residue. This is a by-product, largely iron and aluminum l)lios])liate, made I)y the Grasselli Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio, and used largely in mixed fertilizers. Ober Residue. These materials were jirepared under the direction of Dr. W. H. Ross, of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, United States Department of Agriculture, from the so-called insoluble phosphoric acid found in ammoniated superphosphates. The water soluble phosphoric acid is first extracted from the ammoniated superphosphate (anhydrous ammonia process), and the residue is then treated with neutral citrate of ammonia solution as in the determination of citrate-soluble or reverted phosjihoric acid described in the book of methods of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Residue A is made by treating 2 grams of the water insoluble residue of the ammoniated superphosphate with 100 c.c. of the neutral citrate solution; Residue B, by treating Jo gnvm of the residue with 100 c.c. of the solution. Precipitated Bone. In the production of this i)roduct the mineral part of bones is dissolved in a solution of hydrochloric acid, permitting the recovery of the organic portion of the bone for the manufacture of glue. The phosphoric acid is precipitated from the acid solution by neutralizing with milk of lime, and is largely in the form of di-calciiun phosphate, a white amorphous powder when dry. Precipitated bone has a high content of citrate-soluble or so-called reverted phosphoric acid. There is a lack of experimental data as to its availability by vegetation tests. 56 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 bJ -l Tf --I C^ o 3 iJ rt rt ^ COtOOOl-H'OCKt^iO >M —1 CO t^ --I OC' o 0) "d O TfH t^ O t^ I^ l> t^ ^ 1 1 o lO -^ oo "O i-o 1-^ fi 'S ^O lO rH ,-1 rt § S „; i-O O t^ CO "O CO IM .2-§ CCCCCTit^-*i02-*-< O O O 00 O) O !N 1 go ro(Ncomc Of o :o ^ 10 t-- CO 1-1 IN C^l O •Oi-ilNiMTft~00<-(t^ IN CO d < 1 C5 lO O CO O t- (M O I^ rf -r CI 1- ^ o -H « 0 K P. ^ -SJ r- o 05 cc ^ 1.'; o o '^ -f O) c: (N lO o CO 1 > 3 (NCDOTtiOOC^^lM _l _ ,+) tH rji t^ l-O -? « rtTj(,-(i-icoi-i rtco -*l Tt< Tf< M TlH 0 X pL) OOfCOCOOOCOC^lt^ ro -H -M C C-. O O O "5 t^(M(NCCt^(NC0003CO 'X IN C3 t- M -1 X' O CO X' « r~ ^ 't* o lo OS t^ rt _a) .5 Lc" 3 5 -^ ■■= • ^ 3 s; T^ INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 57 Citratus Precipitated Phosphate. This product is manufactured by the IJay Chemical Co., New Orleans, La. This firm employs raw mineral phosphate in place of bone, re-preeipitating the dissolved jihosphate by neutralizing with milk of lime solution. Precipitated phosphate is not greatly unlike i)recii)itated bone, but contains somewhat more iron and aluminum and somewhat less cal- cium, as will be seen in the tabulated results of chemical analysis. Reform Phosphate. This product is manufactured by the Reform Phosphate Corp., New York, N. Y., by treating mineral phosphate with sulfuric acid in amoimts very much under the usual quantity employed in making superphos- |)hate. By the laboratory methods Reform Phosphate tests very much less in so-called available phosphoric acid than does ordinary superphosphate. The producers claim, however, that the phosphoric acid is readily available to growing plants. Finely Ground Rock Phosphate. This product is washed and finely ground natural phosphate, sold widely in this country, and registered in Massachusetts by the Ruhm Phos]ihate & Chemical Co., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. Superphosphate. This is a typical 16% Superphosphate selected at random from the large number of superphosphates sampled by our inspectors during the 1929 season. It was selected as one of the standards by which to measure the availability of the phosphoric acid in the other phosphates under study. Triple Superphosphate. This material was secured from trade channels and was selected as one of the standards for comparative purposes. The following table shows the general chemical composition of each product imder experiment. Outline of the Experiment. The experiment was conducted in three series: I, with minimum phosphoric acid; II, with optimum phosphoric acid; and III, with the raw mineral phosphates, using double the optimiun phosphoric acid. In addition check pots with in- creased amounts of nitrogen and potash were included to show that these two elements were not limiting factors in the growth of the croj). Each pot received 36 pounds of air-dried soil secured from the west end of Plot 7, North Soil Test, which has had yearly applications of nitrogen, potash and lime, but no phosphoric acid since 1890. The soil showed 0.085 y.er cent acid-soluble phosphoric acid. The fertilizers used in the experiment were mixed with the entire amoiuit of soil in each pot. The pots were filled, thoroughly moistened, and allowed to stand two weeks before seeding. Each pot received 1.143 grams of phosphoric acid for the minimum series, and double this amount for the optimum, calculated in each case from the content of total phosphoric acid as shown l)y chemical analysis. Fine ground limestone was ap]ilied at the rate of 16.33 grams per pot, which was a little more than sufficient to produce a neutral soil, as measured by the Veitch Method. The nitrogen was supplied by 35.76 grams of dried blood and 10.54 grams of nitrate of soda, the total being equivalent to 1,142 pounds of nitrogen per acre. The potash was derived from 15 grams of sulfate of potash- magnesia, 8.20 grams of high grade sulfate of potash, and 16.33 grams of muriate of potash, the total equivalent to 2,880 pounds of i)otassium oxide per acre. Wherever the phosphoric acid fertilizers carried either nitrogen or potash, a modification was made in the regular application of these two ingredients, so as to insure the same amount to each i)ot. Water was supplied by both subirrigation and surface application in amounts representing 50 per (!ent of the water-holding capacity of the soil. The pots were balanced twice each week during the growing season. 58 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Dwarf Essex Rape was the crop grown. Each pot was seeded with three seeds per hill, five hills per pot, the plants later being thinned to one good vigorous plant jier hill or five per pot. The crop was harvested when most of the plants had ap- jjarently reached their maximum growth. The yield from each pot was artificially drietl at a low temperature and analyzed for dry matter and phosphoric acid. It was observed at the time of harvesting that some pots had one small and four large plants, others two small and three large, while others had only three or four plants in all. In attempting to interpret the effect of these omissions or differences on the dry matter yields or phosphoric acid recovery, it was noted that as often as not the pots with the smaller number of plants, or with some small and others normal in size, gave the higher yield of both dry matter and phosphoric, acid. The differences due to stand of crop were therefore not considered sig- nificant. In the preparation of the soil, fertilizer application, and general care of the ex- periment, including the harvesting of the crop, credit is given to George J. Lar- sinos. Albert F. Spelman and John B. Zielinski, Jr. assisted in the chemical analysis of the phosphates, and H. Robert DeRose assisted in the analysis of the crop. Series I. Minimum Phosphoric Acid. Average Rel.\tive ^ 'ield of y Matter er Pot jrams) . Phospho Acid Recover per Po (Grams Av.\IL.\BILITy OF Phosphoric Acid. ric Di houRCE OF Phosphoric Acid. p ed t Basis: ). Dry Matter Yield. Basis: Phosphoric Acid Recovery. No Phosphate ...... 75.74 66.98 106.50 .189 1 .153 .197 - Superphosphate lO'^f (for standard) 126.56 112.69 .566 .446 1 100.00 100.00 Amnioniated Superphosphate 109 . 40 114.94 .520 1 .528 1 79.60 105.52 Ammo-Phos (13-46) ..... 124.94 127 . 64 .625) .489 1 ' 118.23 115.63 Basic Slag Phosphate (10%) 101.69 112.72 .486 1 . 533 1 66.02 101.07 Basic Slag Phosphate (I57c) 98 . 65 109.60 .311 1 .467 1 57.59 64.15 Calcined Phosphate or Available Phosphate . 107.97 113.47 .437 1 ..541 I 75.04 94 . 79 Calcined Phosphate or Low Fkiorine Phosphate 113.05 109.02 .3.57 1 .441 1 76.. 50 67.21 Colloidal Phosphate ..... 71.29 73.95 .218 1 .315 1 no gain 20.61 Fused Phosphate and Potash 104.34 124.46 .494 1 . 528 1 85.71 101.. 53 High Grade Residue By-Product. 119.89 97.17 .525 1 .453 J 69 . 05 94.79 Ober Residue A ..... Ober Residue B ..... Piecipitated Bone (American (!lue Co.) 116. 50 98 . 37 124.81 105 . 40 .577 .437 .427 .389 91.45 41.85 87.63 98.50 121.76 78.80 69.97 Precipitated Bone (imported) 126.34 , 111.81 .506 .449 1 91.27 Citratus Precipitated Phosphate 1 89.44 124.47 . 385 1 .405 65.34 65.99 Reform Phosphate ..... 102.68 121.76 .455 .439 79.74 81.92 Finely Ground Rock Phosphate ... 82.37 72.65 .306 .261 1 no gain 31.82 Triple Superphosphate .... 127.85 110.00 .693 1 .622 J 98.04 146.43 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 59 The tables show tlie yield of dry matter and the iihosjjhoric acid recovered in the above-ground parts of the plant and the iihosjjhoric acid availability of each plant on the basis of both dry matter yield and phosjihoric acid re- covery. In calculating the average relative availability of the phosphoric acid, the increase in yield due to the use of superphos]ihate as compared to the yield of the no-phosphate pots is placed at 100, and is used as the standard of com- parison. Series H. Optimum Phosphoric Acid. Average Rel.\tive Av.\IL..iBILlTY OF \ ield of y Matter er Pot iranis) . Ph(jspho Acid Recover Phosphoric Acid. ic .Source of Phosphohic Acid. * p ed (C per Po (Grams t Basis: )• Dry Matter Yield. Basis: Phosphoric Acid Recovery. No Phosphate ....... Superphosphate (for standard) ... 75.74 66 . 98 106.50 1.56.98 1.50.63 .189 ' .153 .197 .751 1 .681 ( 100 , 00 100.00 Ammoniated Superphosphate . . 154.83 1.52.02 . 720 1 .820 I 99.46 110.07 Ammo-Phos (13-46) 1,59.18 153.72 .764 1 .828 j 103.74 114.92 Basic Slag Phosphate (16%) 132.62 139.43 .890 1 . 898 1 74 . 86 133.19 Basic Slag Phosphate (15%) 1.35.33 1.57.99 .756 1 .977 J 89.90 128.00 Calcined Phosphate or Available Phosphate 101.93 133.29 .930 1 .715 1 91.24 119.86 Calcined Phosphate or Low Fluorine Phosphate 136.42 129.84 .590 1 ..588 70.77 76.32 Colloidal Phosphate ..... 113.42 83 . 87 .419 . 3.52 1 22.02 38.38 . Fused Phosphate and Potash . . . ■ 145.40 1 151.48 .802 1 .623 92.42 99 . 35 High Grade Residue By-Product 1 133.05 146.27 .667 .696 80.00 108.04 44 . 67 93.57 Ober Residue A ..... Ober Residue B ..... 1.59.49 114.67 .802 .575 116.03 73.71 Precipitated Bone (American Glue Co.) 1.50.36 1 140.34 .824 .730 88.05 111.37 Precipitated Bone (imported) ( 146.72 1 163.65 .773 . 7,59 101.95 109 . 32 Citratus Precipitated Phosphate ( 140.30 I 182.76 .901 1 . 1.52 110.92 157.89 Reform Phosphate ..... 141.. 34 129.46 . 605 . 566 73.98 75.67 Finely Ground Rock Pho.sphate . I 85.87 1 99.71 .312 .425 13.74 35.21 Triple Superphosphate .... / 1.52.. 36 162.06 .7.56 .818 104.81 113.24 Check pots', Superphosphate / 1.36. 10 [ 145.83 .696 .624 - - Series III, Double Optimum Phosphoric Acid. Superphosphate (for standard) ( 148.69 1 143.86 .920 1 .938/ 100 00 100 00 Colloidal Phosphate . / 121.39 1 123.79 . 564 \ .703/ 62 52 60 56 Finely Ground Rock Phosphate 1 112.01 1 89.92 . 699 1 .340 / 28 31 45 35 'Nitrogen and potash increased one-half CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Series I. Growth Secured When the Minimum Amount of Phosphoric Acid Was Used. (About 200 pounds of Phosphoric Acid Per Acre.) INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 01 Growth Secured when the Optimum Amount of Phosphoric Acid Was Used. (Double the Minimum Amount.) 62 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Series III. Growth Secured with Double the Optimum Amount of Phosphoric Acid. Conclusions. Bearing in mind the undesirability of tlrawing conclusions from one season's work, it does not seem out of place to indicate briefly the outstanding observations. 1. In most instances, in both Series I and Series II, the availability based ujjon i>hosplioric acitl recovery was higher than that based upon yield of dry matter. 2. In Series I, where the minimum ration of ])hosphoric acid was used (about 200 pounds of iihosphoric acid per acre), only one of the phosphate carriers, Ammo-Phos (13-46), gave dry matter yields equaling 16% Superphosphate, al- though three others — ^Precipitated Bone (imported). Triple Superphosphate, and Ober Residue A — gave availability between 91 and 98+ on the basis of dry matter yield. On the basis of phosphoric acid recovery, six carriers exceeded Super- phosphate. In the order of greatest recovery they are: Triple Superphosphate, Ober Residue A, Ammo-Phos (13-46), Ammoniated Sujierphosphate, Fused Phosphate and Potash, and Basic Slag Phosphate {l(}%). Three other carriers — High Grade Residue By-Product, Available Phosphate, and Precipitated Bone (imported) — gave averages above 90. The recovery of a greater proportion of phosphoric acid, accompanied by a very much smaller yield of dry matter, in these six phosphates as compared with 16% Sujieriihosphate, is a fact rather difficult to explain. It does not seem that it could be due to a deficiency of the rarer elements of plant food, as care was taken to supply many of these in the basic fertilizer ration. The raw mineral products — Colloidal Phosjihate and Finely Ground RocJ: Phosphate did not show, in this series, any average gain in dry matter yield over the no-phosphate pots. Based on recovery of phosphoric acid, they showed availability amounting to one-fourth that of Superphosphate. Ober Residue B, as might be expected, gave a relatively low yield of dry matter as well as phosphoric acid recovered, yet the average availability was better than one-half the standard set by the Superphosphate, indicating that the phosphoric acid left in the residue and ordinarily classed as insoluble phosphoric acid, has in reality considerable plant food value. In case of the other products the tabulated results are self-exi)lanatory, and show an average relative availability varying from 58 to 98 based on dry matter yield, and from 64 to 95 based on recovery- of phosphoric acid, as compared with Superphosphate at 100. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 63 3. With three or four exceptions, the phosphates in Series II, with the op- timum amount of i)hosphoric acid, gave a larger yield of both dry matter and phosphoric acid than was secured in Series I. These exceptions which indicate a depression in yield may or may not be significant. It will be interesting to note if the same conditions exist in 1931, when it is hoped that the experiment may be continued. In Series II, five of the phosphates led 16% Superphosphate in yield of dry matter, and ten led in phosphoric acid recovered. The two raw mineral phos- ]ihates. Colloidal Phosphate and Finely Ground Rock Phosphate, showed an average availability of about 18 based on dry matter yield, and about 37 based on recovery of phosjihoric acid, as compared with Superphosphate at 100. The Low Fluorine Phosphate, High Grade Residue By-Product, and Reform Phosphate, next to Colloidal Phosphate, Finely Groimd Rock Phosphate, and Ober Residue B, gave the lowest availability based botli on dry matter yield (70 to 80) and on phosphoric acid recovery (76 to 95). 4. In Series III, where double the optimum amount of phosjjhoric acid was used. Colloidal Phosphate was rated 63 and 61, and Phosphate Rock 28 and 45 for availability based on dry matter yield and on phosphoric acid recovery, as com- l)ared with Superphosphate at 100. Note the depression in yield of dry matter with this large application of phosphoric acid from Superphosphate, and the same phenomenon in case of the increased amounts of nitrogen and potash. The accompanying photographs show the healthy ajipearance of the crop just jjrevious to harvesting. They also confirm in a general way the differences noted in dry matter yields. DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILI- ZERS FOR SALE IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1930. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 89 Broad St., Boston, Mass. American Cyanamid Co. 535 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Soda Products Co., 121 East Oak Ave., Moorestown, N. .P. Anglo-Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Apothecaries Hall Co., 24 Benedict St., Waterbury, Conn. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 10 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Atkins & Durbrow, Inc , 29 Burling Slip, New York, N. Y. Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Barrie Laboratories, Inc., 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co., Inc., 60 Canal St., Stamford, Conn. Berkshire Chemical Co., 92 Howard Ave., Bridgeport, Conn. Bon .\ibor Chemical Co., 390 Straight St., Paterson, N. J. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 85 State St., Boston, Mass. C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. C & R Sales Co., Box 835, Worcester, Mass. Lyman Carrier, Granger, Ind. Central Chemical Co., 1115 Main St., Bridgeport, Conn. Clay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, England. Collins Seed .Service Co., 60 Congress St., Boston, Mass. Colloidal Phosphate Sales Co. of New England, 126 Newbury St., Boston, Mass. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Consumers Import Co., Inc., 115 Broad St., New York, N. Y. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent, Ohio. Jacob Dold Packing Co., 745 Wilham St., Buffalo, N. Y. .lohn C. Dow Co., 200 Broadway, Cambridge, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Box 14.S2, Springfield, Mass. Eastern States Poultry Manure Corp., 420 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex Fertihzer Co., 39 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, 111. Ford Motor Co , Dearborn, Mich. H. L. Frost & Co., 10 Mill St., Arlington, Mass. Gloucester Products Co., 3 Angle St. (rear), Gloucester, Mass. Goulard & Olena, Inc., 140 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. GrasseUi Chemical Co., Inc., Guardian Building, ('leveland, Ohio. Halfhill Co., 783 Ceres Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Thomas Hersom & Co., New Bedford, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. 64 CONTROL SERIES No. 54 Hyper-Humus Co., Newton, N. J. International Agricultural Corp., 38 Chauncy St., Boston. Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Sonierville, Mass. Henry .James & Son, Inc., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. John Joynt, Lucknow, Ontario, Canada. SpencerKellogg & Sons, Inc., 98 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. kelloggs & Miller, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. Koppers Products Co., Koppers Bldg., Pittsburgh, Penn. M. F. Lansill, 80 Charles River Parkway, Newton, Mass. Little Tree Farms, Pleasant St., Framingham Centre, Mass. L B Lovitt tfe Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Maine Farmers Exchange, 708 Grain & Flour E.xchange, Boston, Mass. Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., East Lynn, Mass. McCallum Co., 133 Seventh St., Pittsburgh, Penn. Donald S. McCrillis, 89 State St., Boston, Mass. W. N. McCrilhs & Co., 89 State St., Boston, Mass. Merrimac Chemical Co., Inc., 148 State St., Boston, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 740 Main St., Waltham, Mass. Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore, Md. Milwaukee Sewerage Commission, .508 Market St., Milwaukee, Wis. Mitchell Fertilizer Co., 4 Westminster St., Providence, R. I. Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. New England Dressed Meat and Wool Co., 1/4 Somervdle Ave., Somerville, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40-A North Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Rendering Co., R. 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. Nitrate Agencies Co., 104 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. ,, , ^. ,- N V Potash Export My. of Amsterdam, Holland, 19 West 44th St., Aew i ork, N. 1 . Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc., 28 Sugarloaf St., South Deerfield, Mass. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. Carroll S. Page Co., Inc., Hyde Park, Vt. ^ „ Louis E Page, 469 Rutherford Ave., Charlestown Dist., Boston, Mass. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co., 41 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Rear 654 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md. Plantabbs Corp., 1214 Court Square Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Plantspur Products Co., Ridgefield, N. J. Arthur B. Porter, Inc., 55 Dearborn St., Salem, Mass. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 327 South LaSalle St.. Chicago, 111. Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Chicago, 111. Ramshorn Mills, West Millbury, Mass. Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. , , , , . „ Rose Manufacturing Co., 37th and Filbert Sts., Philadelphia, Penn. Ross Brothers Co., Worcester, Mass. N. Roy & Son, 675 Washington St., Attleboro, Mass. F S Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Ruhm Phosphate & Chemical Co., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. ^ F. Rynveld & Sons, 3.50 Greenwich St., New York, N. 1 O M. Scott & Sons Co., Marysville, Ohio. Seedtown Products, Inc., .526 West 18th St., Chicago, 111. ^, ,, ,, ^. ^ M. L. Shoemaker & Co., Inc., 3000 North Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, 1 enn. Smith Agricultural Chemical Co., Columbus, Ohio. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. ,^„„^ ,. .. , t^, , r,,..- at i Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc., 1600 Contmenta Bldg. Baltimore, Md. Stimuplant Laboratories, Inc., Nelson Ave. and Rawson St., Long Island City, N. \. Swift & Co., Fertilizer Works, Baltimore, Md. ,.t ,^ , „t x- Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp., 285 Madison Ave., New York, N. \ . Henry J. Taubert Co., West Plain St., Cochituate, Mass. Tennessee Copper & Chemical Corp., Lockland, Ohio ,,,.*. i William Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland. Tobacco By-Products & Chemical Corp., 1010 Columbia Bldg., Louisville, Ky. Uniform Products Co., Inc., Ill Fifth Ave., New York, N. \. Vex Sales Corp., 1715 Armitage Ave., Chicago, III. Victory Fertihzer Corp., 113 State St., Boston, Mass. Virginia-Carohna Chemical Corp., 120 Broadway, New \ ork M. 1. Virginia-Carohna Chemical Corp., Richmond, Va. Walker-Gordon Laboratory Co., Inc., Plainsboro, N J. C. P. Washburn Co., Cambridge St., Middleboro, Mass. Wessel, Duval & Co., 1 Broadway, New York, N. \ . Wilcox Fertihzer Co., Mystic, Conn. W. W. Windle Co., 95 West Main St., Millbury, Mass. E. L. Winn, Inc., 355 Jersey Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. Woodard Bros, Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 55 DECEMBER, 1930 Inspection of Commercial Feedstuffs By PHILIP H. SMITH This is the thirty-sixth report of the work of feeding stuffs inspection and presents the results of the chemical and microscopic analyses on 1,738 samples of feeding stuffs intended for live stock and poultry con- sumption, collected during the year ending September 1, 1930. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station Amherst, Mass. CONTROL SERIES No. 55 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS By Philip H. Smith' Du ing the past year 1,738 samples of feeding stuffs have been collected and analyzed. The collection of these samples involved visiting at least once 178 dealers, located in 107 towns. One thousand and fifty brands of feed have been registered for sale by 258 manufacturers and dealers. This is a greater number than for any previous year since the present law has been in force. The number of violations of the law is extremely small when the volume of business is considered, and it has not been necessary to prosecute a single case this year. In common with other lines of business, there is a constant trend toward consolidation, and at the present time a considerable proportion of the grain business of Massachusetts is in the hands of a few large corporations. Con- trary to what might be expected, this has not decreased the number of brands of feed offered for sale. Such a decrease should be anticipated as a future trend. iThe following staff members assisted in the inspection: John W. Kuzmeaki (resigned), H. Robert DeRose, Albert F. Spelman, John B. Zielinski, Jr. (resigned). Chemists; Frederick A. McLaughlin, Microscopist; James T. Howard, Inspector; Cora B. Grover, Clerk. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS J3 — 1 t-oooo oinoNOiHoeotxjwoootr- o 00 » Tt IN in o CO t- 05 1- 05 COCD t> CO ;0 CD ;D CD Irt CD ?D W lO CD U5 lO lO ITi lO lO CO 4fl CD ■^ lO lO ^1 of OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOiO O -^ O O ■*!* OO O lOO OO >0 OO -^ O -^ O OS OS CTJC30 O 005 (J5 OOi t- -0 c 3 o fa ■"jcocoosoooTj-ojoo-yoii-HTjiiooMCDOi ooco-^ioinmooot-cooi'i" O CO t- Oi M 00 CD OS -1 i-H t> OS M 00 --l O 00 -H 00 00 00 t> C- t- 00 00 t- t:- 00 t- 0(D ijj Tji00t>t-^r-(-(rKt0N00l0OOT00a5"O .-llMO5 00M00';ONt>t-«-.f < 1 T3 ooinooooooooooooooo ooooio oooooom CD lO U5 CD in lO lO ira lO to CD CD lO CD CO lO CD IC >0 lO m lO CO >0 in >0 in CD U5 CD T3 C 3 O fa N CD Tji t- 00 N -^ 00 •* ■>* O CO ■* CO Tf O 00 T»< 00(M0100 CDCDlOmi>COCO t^int^CDCOXt-COCDCDOOt-COt-CDt^COCD lOlOmmt*»OU3CDCCtr-CD00 o Pi Si's 0000000.-H0000000000 oooooooooooo tH CD CO —I CD rt CO --H CD rH CO --I CD CO -H CO .-H CD O 'J' N Tf Tf t* e!< Til Tf CO -* Tj CO ■sj- CO co co co eo co co co co co co co co T3 c 3 O fa o CD Tf tjno t- lo oi 00 CO o in c- CO in o .-1 CD o co <3> oo as oj co co oo m co m rtTPTfrHt-MCOOCCOCOr-iCDC^i-lOOwoO OTl-HTCNOOCJlO Tf CO ■* Tf CO ■* Til ^ CO ■* ■* "* CO CO •>* CO Tf CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 01 OS O Tf ^H CO t- 00 »H CD Oi C^ O N Tjl 00 Ofl OS CO CO CO N 00 iH -'^ fH O Til 1-H t^ 00 m t- CO t> t- CO CO C- t- 00 CD C- 00 t- t- » CO l> OS 0> OS 00 00 OS OS 00 00 05 00 in OS H o < z O < ■V 66 -J OU . rt 3 3. . d ohJ'^^ g . . . S • -odd -aaa f^*^ .-H^s^gg,.; .""s ^^:3S.-S 0) 1 1 1 *jww cs cu cs o O ..S.2 m":; — — ^^^fLiS 11^^^ 2 5?&&&-? > > CI c« « m m S » «3 ctSw^-a §^^ EhH «i ^ 5i^ £ S S cfQcqcq E'E-E E 6 uj=^ g g c c ° ° c^ S ■§■«■§ 3 3 3 M "1 « =« OJ I) - £! £i g O s a~'3 =«« s H El ^ 2 -: EgS'''S' -* ^ . . .5§6§- . . 1 § g . . g s "2 g ^5| ; ££ 2^ o 2§«^ ^ll^^^^^gt;^ j£22^„SS222£ e:s°^u^^-^^Btzz§§o^^ £3352-3-53^^ Cq i-l N in lO CO t> OS CO -H -4 -H CO i-H W Tl rH 10 M Til W 0 CD iH CO >H .H 03 00 "3 05 00 CO CO 00 C- to lO N ;d t- r^ N —I 05 N N eo oooo ^ -^ Tjl Tt lOlOiOOOO 00 00 00 00 00 M oo 05 ■«< OOO C^ 05 tC -HOI TfCO tOt-( t> CD10 50 C> lO t' C^ CD tr- lO to to 00 lO •* 00>0 TfOOOO to -^ •— < lO CO ■^ ^ 05 CO W 05 05 TJ* t* (MM CO—I — CH O _ (1) , 4J « S £ X S tOC-t> CO — i(MN(M >0 CO O IM N C] 00 00 05 000l> "^ "^ "^ "^ lO "^ 05C0 t- lO iH CO CO l> 05 C~ CO "O O lO ■>* 05 o to to to to to lO s D- .S • 2 o .S "1 o t> I •o 9 ^ aj K «> o ^ OJ tM -^ aj PL, ti, ^ >- .S >*■ CQ 5 ° Q S 2 S 3 ^^ o . In > <1 a S o E i-^ c to oooo oooooo C^ N (M —I ■-I -H OO OOOO OOO lO Irt U5 ■^OINO C 05 in 05 — I in OOOlOOl OO 00 c- to w — t uo to t- w to .So -o a; boC c ^ Oog -w d . ■^.Sd 2a = -. L, 3^-»e am hn o ,ctf ^=3 'H.2 d.S u g t»a Q5^ !t3 J- 3 y,o kiH CS 3 C 0° (N CO CO ■^ ^ CO ^ Tf Ot-OS wooco CO ■^ CO "^ CO CO W5 »0 CD Tj* -^ lO CC CD Tj* 00 in O t> CO "^ Tf CD l>- 1- O CD 00 00t>Ol Tt ^ WO OS O 1-H O t-H ^ "-H . . . o ■ • cfl iC . . . 3 . . « • ■ ■ d o c; . ..^5 . «3o t£m m O i_^ c = — — "u SS M >-. ca'7 -t^cn 2-3 gs ig§ >> 0) 0) • .ii !- bo ^ C C S oS c I --z: OQGP 2:3 3 o « c >'S .S3 ■a ct-U3tC00O5O50000SD00;D ooooooi 0000 coomooosoi 00 05 0505 00 00 OOOOU3 0U30 t-C-t-;D05t-t-O 1XM05 NNCO O5^TlllOTj<00C0rHTjli-lt>5O t:-t-Nt-C0in00O5I>C0IMMC0C0C in 5005 00 «3 00 05t>t>M IXC t- Ni-lt-M(0-U5;O00W3U3t- OOtONr-IOO«3C»300IMON'* O 05 O COOO MlO 0000 00 -a-^t>Q005 lOLOlOmiOlOlOlOlOiOlOlOlOlOlOlOlOlOlO 5oi>o5oo>oa5a5io lOioioioioiomio ooo Tj*-<^ IC COOSCOOOOOOOOTO ooinoooooooooooomooomo oinoooioooo OTt1«005 0iH«D05l>05COlOC0050Tjieq(M05lO ooo 0 005 00>OOOOONO C0lOTj*lO5OlOl0;0t-m5O5O OU510OOOOO10OOOU5O10OOOO lOrf^ocD'^coocO'^mmioirscoioioiomco OOOOOOOO ■^toLoinincous-^ THinm mootc O-^Wt'iOCOO'^OCCmoO CO:OCOI>00t^t:'^lO«D 00^00t-50»OWO0jTf.-IX05t:'O00*niO!O 5OlO00COt-5OCOt:-;DC^005O^t't-5O5Ot^l> mo5t-wa50'*i> 50C050CO»nt>COt> ooioin eq«3;£>i0O-H03Mi0Tllrt05 0500 00005 1-I0 0005 OTC05>CiNt-05COOtOOgCr-00'^COC005t>05 r-liHC00005O05O'HOOO05O0505000505 N ;0 O 00 W IM Cr- N — 1050000005 ""Its yo o S CD .•s c > "a § • t^ c be ■ T3 -(^ .o i^ m c ^ *:; 0) t — t- a ~ C * CD I" o to & . 3 a) hJ 6 s.s ^ O c^^ K ta fife • O M ^ • .■;3T3_aj o 3 O 2 c! c^ C Q c ^ m +j .Irr ca o-c =Sr°.0 3 M t* m'"' 1-5 ►^ .E S 2 O 0) 0) CD^ £ E S g WHHO IP o ■ : ^1 K^ O w5w S -^^ C 0)— G ^'^ 3 «_<= ij T) « C XI . a* . ¥ 3 Si S% CD j3 0) JS to !;t3 m-r fc< O =5 60 3t:i. HI tc ^ ca car- 1-12; o-c 5 .=a l> t. o-_ ca a-.S G o «5 ~ a "- =a S >.ca „ o "1 w o 2 o :S.£PSoygSg5-3 -°^ 2 2& !-S =a I* I;; o ta.2 = ,1 .t J= 3 T3 ca c K^ ca ^^"^ C ca-r z t- > 3 ^"O — j»,o ca P*2 .■S " g'^^ ca — « a 3 &=: u >.2-^ caoo330oy -^^-Hf-l(MMr-(i-l^t-NCO'HTj 3 Oh -3 73 CD •o ,9 T) 5 O 3 '^ 1 C ^" H o O J^ U u S 1 00 O -^3 •O K ->: 0) CL, « 1 t^ fa i: s- <« w « « ? a. C8 Z "^ fi t) < cs In V 6» •<3 o o _, a> I -t-i tH C 01 JL y 3 J2 ° CO — 2 w o. t>OTtNoO'-(ojioo>HtDi-ieoeot-ot-u5eO'^'0'H 05 00 0000O05 00C-O moioooooooooooiooooooooo -HOT'HeCllMMC^IMM-^IN'-lr-l-HOOCOTH-HNNO t-oc-oo;oc-to«2;o OOOOiOON<3J0005050IN'HO>t-0>000 •* m 05 t- •* MTOIMCO lOOIMNWCOlM WIMNM tONinWlMTji-* IC lO »0 lO lO lO U5 lO lO lO lO u? in lO lO IC ii^ U5 U5 »0 lO lO ii3 lO lO no U3 iO O U3 lO looooomioi-io lOOinoOOrtOOOiONiOOOlOOOiOiOOOlO CO ^ CO CO ^ CO ^ CO ^ CO CO CO ^ ^ co co co co co ^ ^ co ■"tcooooNoot-ioco tDC00500i-C»'0'HtOC595t- iOTjiiou5toiou:i»Ciiiu:>u5cou5toco^iOTi*io^ioco i Guar- anteed. oooooooeoo lOU3lOlOtOlOlOTj1.cl1 ooinooooooooooiooooioioousous T)'coi*-*cocO'*'i'-<}i-*miOT)'-*iococo>o-^cO'*'* c 3 O rHOt^OSOOtOlO^HO t>oototct^t>»omt^ t-m^oc~oo-comot>coNNOicinNO» ^t-10miC510t*lOlO'^t^tO»Oi:11tOtOtDt-»OtOU3t^ oo>a>oc!OCT>Oi-i OS(NifliOOTjCOt:-tCtO«U500i-lt>Oi-lO»OOeq«0 OXOOi— iOOOOOO>C^0)OO)O>OOdO)O)O)OS 2S dT3T3 ^ +J -M — T3 T3 •• t, c c 3 o o oOU == mm ffi ti ti . o o ~ Co 3m..2oS o 0.2 u J M 60 Ma . • -.S.S— • 0) 0) > t, _r OT w f "3 -S 3 3 3 JS (U 555 =« c; s^ ; HH r3 ^ - d a^-= 3 ©2 ■ "J J 4j HI am '3 33 w art 5 "^s "X*;; fsoxi o-c 5555 =0 a; OOQQQQHfe — ."V ■" !:d JL 01 13 "^ 2 2 o a) fc- OJ c =0 . I o CO a; cW^ g "" .2 c .'I ,_: =« * =3- o Sj= 0) ° 0)., o§2;: — ^S^ •- 0--2 ^ Sfe >> " te *, ^^ t^ (> a> 3 '^•«iss -S S e^ S 9. 2 e ■oiS acL, E Di o ^ M S a a u a JQ * E , t, rt >Q ■ 01 ■ ■ ■ ' o, 3C Ss jap S=j*^ Si-" 2 -ooo-*t- tO ^ Tj< ITS Tjl lO »rt eg O r-( ^ r-l T-( — I O lO U5 Tt Tj< CO w O03 0>0>9>000 O •^ CO 05 Og Ol lO CO eg CO -* ■* t.M tr- io lO IC »0 lO U^ lO ^ CO CO CO CO CO ^ Oi "* N T)< 03 lO .6, fa t-^ — 5 0) c 1' ^ "! O C U rt M^ c<-. ■" d c to ,S c m "- 5 0.-0 1: fa O O w 2r5"C * ^ eg eg to eg T-i CO Tji OQ egTj'cO'Hiocgcgt-egtcio.Heg'O coegNcgegcocoegegogegegegeg oocoooo o lo egcoco'^ -*co OOW3000100000000 oooo oo ;OLO;o;ocO'^to»ot£;iOrHco'Htx: •^■^C0C0"^lO'^Tj<»OTfTi4Tj*TPTf t- tr- lO- 00 c- 00 in oocg'-ioieO'-i'Hoooeg-^'^oo oooooooooooooo lOt-tDy^:Dt-t^l>lOlOCO»OlOtD lO »0 lO U5 Ti< lO xooeg'^Tjiiooo-^t-«50»-i lOC0t^tDt£M>C:-C>t-UTKCCD*Ot> C- 00 «C t> t- C- OOOOOOOOOOOIOIOO oooooooooooooo oooo 00 tr- oo 00 ooot-tcDCg^i^t-t-xcocgoo; oooaji-iOr-ioooooi-iai 00>-HO5 — I woooO'-H tOrH ;ocgoo^t-i-''-iot-cr-cgt-tcoT-< aio^ooa^o^0500o^ci iM to eg eg 00 00 00 t> eg lo ooo §0 6 ■^1 — o 3 ° 0! cs w 3 o 3 3^ 3 E I I I 3 a. -g 3 .■SJ= ca « ° 8 o a) " >> 8 -s ; S 8.ti*fc.Ho-s 1 5 e^-a c ^ o >> ■3 ."> S -liHTl"^'*T .H ■»!< tr- to eg iH r-l NrHeg CONTROL SERIES No. 55 oooooooooooomin oooooooooooooooooo oiooooooiMoaiooooO'Hasoo OOt-t-OOt-OOOC-OlOl-HOlt-C- t-oot-ooi 005 00 0500 00 t-0iooooait>05 ^iHlOTj-OSOOOiOTtOOOC^IOOOJ •OOt-COOlOiOtDiStD'^t— i-H t-C-05l»«5'H'-l00Tf00N--iO5i-l«CtOTf.H cou:jOioot>ai'^t-t-t-o^'^iocjooo5X ■^Tj<-<^lO-rf'^iOTj'Tj«Tj*-^-^lOlO ■^•(j^T}*TfT3oioio loiooooooiaioooooooooo Cg(M;ON05U3 00t~Oi-H'^t><0 t-t-«DCOrCCO'^«5t-t-'>3Tf O Q OOOOOOCO'^COOiOOi-iiJ^WOiOO C4iOTHt-cOt-WrHOtHCO*-tOJOOTfrH'<^00 ooaioooooo^^ooa;0500>i-to rHaiOt>0505aiooooiOt>ojOdoo C C G C C C^ O „ „ „ m^=^ '^.^.^.^.^.'^'^.^ E S £ a >> >» ^;:3^M — ^— ^ ^ ^ ^ rtn^.w 'CC'U'O'U'^TJ . '^ "O '^ '^ t> t> QJ (D 0; O) d) CJ i) fi, cfl rt o3 03 & t> .;:; .-^ .M ..-I .«•—•■-. ^*H y ^ y 5j f^ '^ d ddOC CO .b. , • O O M O o o o ° ° « 0) 0) 0)000000 w w O) r.i aj <1J =y°3 o I o 0.5.S.S.S.S.E £ COC i CJ O -c x: J3 ^ J3 X ca rt<<<3<;cjOOOOO oowwww>-;i-;i-;i-;>-i^ J2 >. ■ 3 >..t! — c — C tH O O tH •X3 3 1^ • --"S T3'3 • -so C3 . cs ^5 ^5 Q 3 '^ C ^ • jg^w cSsi-2 So 3 g.^ 3 b^.fa;; < 'T^ Tf O < ^ j3 (N(NiMi3 0000 t- w o c^ o o ■3 s£ g a 000 o o o --■- E S £^- -l« INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS Oi-*t-c-t-^ino> rtINO 03 t- TOrt r-<00 iOi-IIN t-t> ;D lO lO 00 t> lO CO;OI>t>t>00O3'^ -J5 -:f to in IC c- o »o IC tD>0 'J'tO oooooooo o>o O OOO O O O OOOOOOOO lO o OOO O OOO oooo .-imi-HOr-oooa; ooox 00 00 rH 03 —teg OO-H-H — -H03INO 00 o OC lO o TO OTOiO C-TOOO OOit-t-O^OiCSd OOI>00 l:~ 00 O O 03 c- ooooooooooti-os OOO 50 00 00 to t-ooos tr-o t- O OMtDOOOt-iflO tO^DTO 00 N t> 00 in OS 03 t- M lO O OS 03 N COU3 OOTOTji o TOrtOT Nr-OlO-*C3U5U5 T)( Tf-* Tt Tf IC -^ rj« ^ ■"t-^i^OTiomTOTO lO lO T^l lO lO "# TtlO Tjl Tj< ■* ■* lO lo CO ■* --i M o (33 m 03 03 0 TO'^OOO t-CO ^T-H10IN00003.H COrH 03 lO CO lO TOO-* TO^tOOO lOTfTj^tr^ioio-^Tj* Tl< tjl Tj- Tf T}< lO tP -^ O TtlTt^CDTtlTtlTO-* lO o -<^ lo lo ^ -*lO-j}< lO Tf Tli-31 oooooooo OOO oooooo oooooooo oo OOO o OOO oooo CDNOTfOOO-'tO >-lNCJCa5N^-qt>00 — 1 i-HOCDOON^-HtO COIN IN03TO lO ■*oo 00 "C ION 00 ■* --1 TO CJ o m 05 IN C M IN 00 O rH 00 O! OTOO'Xi lOrtOOCOOTf t-lOCOW-^TO—lt- too OOINC- ■* (N.HOT NINtOTO oooaoooooov OOO 00 03 O 00 03 O 03 1-H 1-1 OSOS*— I*— 1030030 03 03 0103t> tH 0003 03 03 0 03 1 X > o! . . . ; 0) 5 5 c5? - &.: Qfe 5 Cf^ ' d 6 OO a 0^ Qj a a XX.... "m-m ^ 'J o ^ SE r r r r b b o o o o [^^OOOO n n ^ ^ ^ ^ Qi v a c c a c c c c C4 C4 03 c^ S S S E »-i )M i-, g .— .^ .s .;i .^ .^ •^■S^-^-^ X J3 J3 -C ? £ GJ O (1> OJ i^S o o o o m M £ g g g HWWWWW o o o „ 000°3 M U) WW C C C C S — — IS ^^^^§^§0 g c c c c OOOO >-S ►■5 1-3 1-5 O .2.25 (i<&-i6h>-3 -.S OQ .S .£ .S c c c L^ ^ L^ OOO ffiffiW .sec C tH fc^ goo O N N . o o QffiK . ° d _ oOo d^ M5(, O bO.H CI 0'^T3 £c-c t-i ^ ^ Jg 6§§ Oi C o IP a) fo.2 afe^T, Ctf.^ •:^-oo--5i!i3 c cOi ■K -l::^ >> 0) 0) f; a> 0) 2 fefe E .13 .tS oj os2 OQ M toO ■*0 -w JJ NINM .C/j c c c c 4) Q; aj ^ IIJ •ris .2 .2 u 3 •iS b°S gQ;^0 "^>?- E ■'-' - ■ s 2 g(N O ^ c g w S-c ooSw ^ 01 0) Q°. I— I (M ; -Bb E^ " (P iH to-* M aJ-HIN B^ g 2 >>T3TJ'B °^ •^ cu w a) . .c c c^n o=: o'a3'a^*Q/ '^iQ-S w C mmm.2a'°'0> SQ £§ .&< .^ .^ c •Q • .5? . 3M I— I _^ a> X ca g :S& o c c £ '^ ca ClJ [t^ tjt; T? aj c c £^ aj ca c4 c3 fx^ oo OOO 2 t«"-s • I .f^^o . ^ . <^ !^ o ■ C 'OOO is a) -M -u 4J a) g .in c c C c O ^^^ .S CIJ &'3 fe^2 o »M tH c — .-I T-l -H Tf N N .H rH -H TO-HM IN rH lO t- >H --I tH Tf i-l ^ TO N --HO 04 -^ 0> O Tji CO ■^ 03 ■<1< -^ o i-H t> CO 00 00 00 00 o: 00 00 rt IM 00 lO N CO 00 rH CD 00 lO to -^ 00 t- o t- 1> CO 00 CO o> 00 00 1- 05 --I Tjl i-l lO iH 05 as CO CD CD CO N ■"^lOin-^iO^rfTjiTjl cocO'«#'^OiOiooO'-OOOU50000U; o o cs a> ■* ■* Tj005t>rHCOCDO t> C0OC0NOU5rHN>-IC0-a!< -* ooooooooo COIMOOO-^'^OO oo ooooooooooo TfT^OCOCD'^t'^'^OOO^O eg eg ■-( fj (M eg eg (M eg ^lOt>O03 0 005 0 00500 00 ioegoocooo"3cou3cox»-foo 005 0-^00505 05 0005 000 a a R c c CO CO o o u o u o 00 c « c c I— IMI— II— I M bo . . , . c c O '-J 6 o-^.Z o o 6 o .2 .§ .6-a3-3MM.2.2.2.2 .ti .ti .ti c c ? ?> !3 b b i n n (^ £2 £3 *-■ *-< w w ra CJ 2 S §S§z:?oooo o o Qj Q; 4) d) 0} 00000 -M +J +J +J -M W M W C/j K .£ .S .S .S .S ^ ^ tn ^ a tH Lh t-. ^ ^H 00000 0000 05^ Ph^PhPhA,'^ ^ 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; .S-^ 5 3 ,^^^^^eL,eL, Ph (i; CO ■>!■ 1-1 --ir-t i-H eg <-i eg "-I eo eg "3 •-< INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 11 <0't^05?Dt:~ fC-OONM-fl" ^ t- .H Tji >-i t- Oi NOOU5T^r)ia>- i;0 «r> ^ t^ t' t^ t^ lO ;£> O ?D ;D CO t- lO lO lO CD IC lO (O tJI CO 00 ajlO'^'^CDTta>C£)CDiO»0'^ ooinooooooo NNCOOOOiOJOOCTi lOOOlOlOO oooo>ooo oooiejoooooo rHosooNooNO oooooioooinooooooo NOO00O00050500OOOOO05T-I -HNNOOOOJOlOOOC- O «D 05 t~ CD "-I 00 t- CTl t- t- t^- CO IM (M ■* -^ T-H Tf 00 00 t> TfiC- ooo CrsOCt>(MO>tD05 0tHr-lT)l01 005 0J5DOOt>OC~OOOJOOOOOOOOt>0 CDlOlOOC-eOCD t~ THC5 COICIOOIOOOO in CO 00 M 00 t- M 05 Nt>lMt>C000a>(MI>05IM00OC0NCD CCOt'COOOOOCD^OiO'^OOOO^OOO TPlCTJ-( eo ■-< th N CO CO c1-( co^oooa-^c-aii-ieoininooiMegcoco oocoooocoN'-H'HcocO'HegeqiMco eg eg eg eg eg --( eg eg c^ eg eg eg eg eg eg e> >>; ^ oj M t- t,'' OOO q; 0) a> 0) Q^ C C -^ rt OJ c3.„ .„ , 3 3 3 3 3 o o'o-o'O'atf a a c IS c a C^ C^ 01 CQ CQ cj oooooo •S .S .5 tH fcH t- ooo •5^ — ; 513 0) ■^a^ a. 01 di o o ' CJ O CJ t) tl +? *' ) c c c c c t« f J 0) 01 O) 41 ^ ^- 4^ . i_» jj ^i j_i -*-* +^ -ir - - -. • . >,.2 a K Pirn Mc/JMWKc« Mt/jwQOyjH t3 > ^^ rt c3 nj >ddd C +-» -M -*-> +^ ^ m w w m ,V OJ Oj 111 0) ^^^^^ Iq X! j2 ^ jD .t; .-s o; 0; 01 01 di ;:5 r? m m mm mHH 01 0) 01 a) Q) • • ■'O'O r- <- 4 Q> C C 01 Ci s.2.2hfc. O +J ^ . . ■43 cS c3 C" C" .« M OJ i'-i ~ ^QQino d CIS •a 01 f Duf'^'^Cyo'^sS-SiniM ^6^r .- J. ^ fcH t- c — i >-^ i-"3 '3 i2 '-I S§S a; fePC =« 5f o o ^Jri4<: S a & P 0) a,5'5 3 3 3 3 3T^T^ °-SS aj 01 S.b C^ Si-'s^ 3 go o ■ a'r£"S =3'3 &'S a* =« >>.2&h c3^ Ecg^-jcgt-iHtHp^t- bo. 3^^ ^ « c oi'wg'osaecv'og^Q-s^r^.s. 0 0 s S ■jg ■ J3 ' .•^ /s . -o T3 , >. ca a Q Q ■5t3t3 -^ c5 01 0) ca «£^« oo«'3 S ^Oh mOT) e 2 "Sb«".2 J3J3J3 Skh CgM aj 0)0 M M M 3 __ >, ^ b b =^ m o 0) u^'^^a^^^^ .- t- 3 ^-^-^t^Coioiojo^oiPh 2alo!ojg3J33 3. 0._^ ^ w ^ m 0) CD OJ s« dj"3 3 -w ™ $^ b C's >>'3 T3 OJ.tlQ 0) a^ 01 _ incoeg-negwrtcoegin^ coco-q-ej- icoioeg th i-h -h rt 1-1 eg CO eg CO eg t 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 o 01 a> . -— C '^ ^ o O « "» « ?* p a> "^ ^ >i « -« IS C . <0<) 05 S o o o§ ^ ID'S S " lo »o :o CO o-*oo to lO O U3 CO CO U5 ^ ^ ^ CO t- ^ ^ lOOOO 00 C^l oo ooo OOU5 ooo lo o lo lo o ■^ CD (C ^ t^ ■^ 'ej' CO-HC i> — 1 CO t- o OS oo-^ 00 com CO CD CD CO »0 CO C 00 •* CC CD CO lO OOO OOO -^ -rj* lO lO in IC CO OOlO OOM>0 CO iO CO -^ t> CO lO coo-^o lO lO in lO oco ••* lO iC'^ CO as CD CO CD tH o> CO -^ CO CO CD -^ >o ooo o OOCvJO OOiOOOOO ■^t-OOCD t>CON CO 00 "-H O t> 00 05 rtOCOO OOOOO IM -* cq NNIMN ^rH.-l CJ eg rH oq C>_0 CS^TJ "Z! ^ ^ :;3 .J2 o _» "3 ■■« ts « . . . c ** . "^ -a .3 C3 «^^S --3^^ r/, SCO >- ca 3 es CO t> 00 CD in 1-1 N ^ CO 1* in CO ^ t- t^ ^ t- m 35 00 00 in O 1-1 i-( CO 04 CD in CD CO CD »n in in in in in in in CO o o CO CO CO •^ eg Tj< ■q> in CO CO CO C5 in CD CO Tji CO ■* CO T)< Tji ooooinoin CO eg IN M CO -^ in oowrHOinc-c-- CD cococoinTjiino th eg t- CO CD m CO -^ oojcgi-ieg ooi o2 CO e .-oO „ ^ _ '"',9 i: t. • ^ ^ -w „-O^SmO-S 5 S m'o r — <; c;l, II, a, ^ b I 73 .01 0 in eg 1-1 1-1 1* f -H ' INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 13 ocooooooomooo ooooooeocoooooo iHr-l'^>Oi-lTH00Q0rHt>;Dt-00 ooooooooooooo OOiO^CiOiO^OOOiOiCS'— 100 iHoooioooooiOOiO^oaj 00O00«00«Dioe4C-Nt~t-rf osrHosoj05oooieao505050o oj "■■■;' " o c S c =« ■ ; • ;"Jo j:°3 odd dS "-^ • • •£§ .oooo^'g ;S w I-; o Q ►? c w w M aj tj M OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOir^^OOO CO C- O -^ to ^ C- lO Tf t:- CJ M O « lO >-• Tl< lO t- rH iH N rt .-( .-I O .-I -H O O -H O — l^rt i-H rt WOOrHO-HO ^5Ot-a>O>NNIMNiC.-i00 Ot-rtOO.-lOIMO(NO.-l-* lO ^ t£) CD CO iO lO CO O CD CO lO CO kO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO OOOOOOOOOO CO CO ■* corf CON coco ^ ooocoocoooooinmin C0C0T)000>C» OiOOOOCOlOOC^OOO o^ojooooosiooiooo COt>OaiCO^t:-t^OOOt>t- Oioasoooooioiooooo^ «3C0mTj 6 U ■ c j; M o r*— < — : c o -^ ^P dS c btf-> a — '.5 c 5 tH "^ S c3 ca C cs 0) d ° . oo -iJ -M ^^ CO s g oj ojii — ^-^^■^ caMM u .c5d2 i^ d 3 S a* w c3 "S -f " C _ ca,~ X — ^ 'fa-^' C «T3 J, 0) O, 5 ? o o a-S'oi 5^ o c« O ,^WrC O O Oi-o J-fi, a, •2 5-'^ '5 m P ^S O cs ►2 o o 0) ■ [V, "■a Vc 1* '^ cj t^ 3 01 O-i-iQ 0) 0) a>t^ o 0) V 0) ^ -u ^ 5:i ^ r/1 "e O O o"-' S +J -M +j 03 ^ ryj M CO -_ o - ^-^'5 >E§c •^ 3 C O 0.5 ■^ »,=^ QWtnOP E XI •« 3 (U O -03 ofci 4 ca 3-5 P^J3,^ g-SSi +^ '^ ^ ca •OB ;z Mrf^" OS 00 iH 00 O 05 « to N t- lO CO 00 05 00 -^ 00 "3 lOOfl O5t-NO5t-O5NO5tD00;DejasNO5O5O5 0505 8(. ooooooooooo-*o u3-*iBNo5e05 iOCOC-iOM(M(NN05-^-*0505 ■^oooO"*0"-HC-oi ;d irt Tf 05 »o CD CO :d 00 w CO OiOi»& -^ooo'-i'^coooMOeooico 00 0000 00 0(MI>COOII5000000 U510U5lO';OCO»'5l£5CO"5W5U5U5 Oi053-H.H050lOi-HOai OOOC005'HCOU5N'-»CC05-*OJTli-^00> CD'^COCOU5COCOCOW5t1t>oo ooooooioioiraoooooooo ooo5aiOooo500iiM0050a>ait>a) ooo>c cgcocoiO'.^cooO'-HOt'OOOoos OiOit-WOOOO-HrHOOOOWCJ) ■^cDO>t>ooi-iooo5a>oooi"-ocoo5cooa> 050COU505lOCi"5^0aiOOCO t-OlOl 05 0)0000 00005 00 o>os OOMOTjIiHOO-^MOi >OOOCDOSOOOCDOO 0500 05 lO M M -^t N N 05 ■* e>] O N N . . S SC C flWM . • . c c ^ ^ ^ _ „*^'~' o tji-ooocc .-r", " ^r^ir^r^ cs ca _; ^^^^ _, „ M M boi 5 U U 01 «. «^ -* « rt rJ — ^ — « w c .5 ^ '0'?'^'S33ii?i«ooo-->.>.2 -til .S.^.S Sou-" CO m a S Ej3j3 o Ort e« I m v_j ^ 6 "c 0-5S a cs' (S.O •a !3-^ "-. '"''3 4) 1^ -COO^fl.O'O'tfWOMS s ^ 0)3 •§.w _ <3 Mm StSjJoo oQ u a; Oijlr' n ^So-SSs3=2o.|s...co o ?^ S mSS o o OSS TSfo 01 QJ**^ to kTH fa 0) ^* £ ° fl o ffi^ cs W-a'3eQ J N ■'Jl 05 tH N N "H 05 N r-l CJ rH iH rH N r-( •< INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 15 oooooooooooo OOOOiOlOOOOO «c 0-. MooMioojNt- CO -.oai lOMOO^tHCOtOMCOCTJ OOTfTj-tDf-UDOiCO-^t- oioooNTOooioeomoo eqcoMcoM^iMNcococoN oiooooiooioioo >ONeoN-^coco-*'Hco W'^C^COWCOWC^COCOOOCO inoooc-oooooooo ooooo-^OiC500a>OCTio> oooooooooo tOm^COONOOt-COC-OOt- iHOOOTfOOOT-HO^OOOi ^DtCt'NcrW'HlOOO^ ONCOC^JMeONN'HOiOCvJ «Oe0O5'*tDN00O5CON o o d . . •Sea eg a vi C rt ca 3 3 'OpHCL,a,(iH O O .S tti ^ 1-1 3 3 3^.2j=.ti Spq .2W<;Q:2 « c ° ° - 0) bat^ S oj 1^ i;, c3 ci a> o 3 3 = m CD r ?3 1^ OJ m • 5) _« — (^ Sc2w , 0) (D O ■fi C <— T3 •-; •^S-5 3 3 3 D as «; S S, .-ioCMIN-He-> ox) ^ O 'O'O OJ S «-■:=; 01 fe 3 C^ >- o t- -< Quo a S S * paww CJ'-iW^W'-HCJ-jii-i lOOOOOOOOO ■-I a>00 O00C005 rt t>0» 0> iH lO .H rH M CO "* CTl 00 05 oi t>ooONooaiooo CC COCOCO^^COCOCS'^ in OS o o 10 10(0 0 0 int-t>«5N01t>00 W ^ rH rt N f-< rt IM M tooooooooo CO CO Tf c<3 O ■^ O O 00 00 as 1-1 -* ■* (M b- -"t 05 Oi Oi C0C-HlOCOW"-(t> t>O00t~005O0500t- o u § '-fS-iS cS c« ^O t> -:3'^ — • a* o S S 3 3 • CDMCO '^ C- tr- o oc CO CO to O'^Ol lO -^ -^ tOtOM ■*CO(M ooo COOJIO »0 lO lO ooo t-ixo t-00 00 c-oooo OONCO OO.H l§g <« to '^ d tH C SS-oPh « fi >. ■T! • 0) C 3 ^^ S O .a . .J4 O ^ « (D ■ c •<; 0) J5 •< • >> a ■ (11 T) o .Ph o Is 2m <^ c 3^ CC C3 r* ■w can' H h ^ to C c ex(s <^~^ am ^ rt <" •g o 2 o c '^s .tjU rHM MOi-linrtlM-tM 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 o u 0- C •o c O o r^ U c K 05 W •o Ph b (U c 0) (X( >. « |_H s hH -?i *"^ -^ X lo oooo -^ lO O 00 00 IMIO •^ CO T^uO -jf Tt -^ -^ cc to '.S COOCDOO'^O-^— ' TtOOCOIMlO-TfC-^; — ICONNOOO .-ICJ — '(MCO'a COOONin lO «o o CTlTjitO'^lOm NOO OOOCON 10tli:C^ o o> -h lOioioioi^ioioo loioioicoio iOid loiciouo micioto \a -^ OiflOOOOOO OOO OU5U5 -^ Tt ic -^j* -i* -^ oo OOOO OOiiiO c OOOOUOOOO OOOOCO oo t- in OuO O O ^ (£, t- 5C l(i.5 17.0 17,0 14,0 o X o o z 3 o a: l0T(*OC0(^t-l010 lO 00 t> t>- 'I' 00 X N ■d 3 o O5xajo5t-cqco<>q com^oio> Tf IC t> CO O X lO -HOiOX t- IM OS U IX>»0t^CDt>t-O»0 >na> t> c-io t- t--* c-x t- t- t™ CO X X X OS •* X OS IC 05 lO "-I OS iH OSOS'i"nOS'H ■*[- oooooosoo oosososoo oo «DX'-lin OS oos t- oooo OSi-fOOS 3 r r r i" o SOOO =3 too s-^-S.S-i "*<;<; >,c c c § -o . .T3 o o o a ■HCUCU C3 " y f c z:; . . t. oj oj 0) 3 >>ho .' at p. ( c 0) 01 0. ^ ^ oiO ooOOgc UO m «0 J3 « m ™ CS (1) 4J o c c c C £ a) 0) 2 iJ o o ■gis S 'c fitzi MC CO C 3 3 C :— o o o! <<;0 =* — , — « c l-'O 0) t^ « .s •s :swo g S'&.-s •s ^ M -S « to (Km ?? (U 1* > U ^CQCQCQWCaWOO 5 -^jd 03 t; « <|-ga-^opac ^ oiEE^ccc .26 COJOJO^OOC O >j*J +J^ o o o M ►^3301013)01 ^ fl ba^ --1 SM|-gc o o|o2|^ -^£ ,.MJ=„0£ o;^§0 - r^V oO si -3 «_ 40 0; CO « ■ (life 1^ ^1 OtfOOmC Cm !„-'' 1 « t" t- « OJCO 000^0- S 2 £." fc' fj o o ">>> I 0) OJ 01 0> ■S's • ^ =« ? ir WO «t 0! oJ.;; u Et^fe-i o a o 5.? 20 3 3 .-S M « ? ■H ^ % t. -= -s I ■; o /S-M C C;^ 0)i 0)=q ^ :: o o (M i-< CO i-H C^ N rH CO rH iH N O) iH N CO r^ N M M --I ■-< -H N N rt -H ooow*e t-t> t-in 00 10!0 <35 1- 1- to o oo OOOOiOiOOOOOO oooooooooo O loooo OO o OO ooom 00 00 lO toUJiO^OSDtDOOtr-O-^OO 00»AXt-l>t*«D00COkO in TflO-lf t- mm la •^fTji iOUS\0-r)l U5 COM OOt>C o oc oooioooooooo OOOOTOOOOOO o lOOOO oo o mm oooo * 'rft Tf 'Xi Tt< T}4 ■«1< CO t- CD «> CO CO tP Ut) rj< Oi CD lA OS CO t> t- lO CO t~ OC CD 00 "^l* t- OOO CDCDCOC-COOJC^IOONt-OO ■*0«D-*050t-M.-(t> CO t- ooj m MM IM mrt t- Tf m (N m m t- mmmmc-c-oito^mto mmcoot^moscoast:- .-(.-IrHCg'H.-l-Hrt.-Irt m m t-ooo 00 ■* o m t- to to 00 00 N IM05 ooootot-m(3>->!i to O ai o 0»0»0050005005tHO 05T-ia>050iO>ooooaio - Oi-HOO OO o rHO oooos i-Hi-l S .S-2 •3 -3 c 3=3 6 £ u ° ° ■ • ■ . ,cOU 6 c,'~* tcbc d ^"O o_ c c ^ & fetc-S S MbO 0) o o « tiM t^ * o 6 6 . c'S'2 a ^ ^ ,S . . CP C («i o o a g .5 m to m^iSo -■ ■►J +^ •& ^H t- c t"3 OJ OJ QJ m 5 ■C M cs 3 73^ 3 3 a Q) >.jj '3 '3'g:§s o oo|| CO m CO ^ ^ § § § OJ ffl J2 J2J0 3 3 •^ '^'34 tJ C 66 U oo c M bO 3 is I m m 0)0) ^^ MM WW E E o 6 .rt^rtOO ^^2 2 ta ni'c'S WWWM a t~ om. .Q ■t3« .fe.S ■S--2 ■n-o a C3 OS g-< oo eII O o »^ OU- tftf -d 0) ca ■|^^ . m"^ c , •s- o g ta -" bo bo; , ca 3 3 « J= o__ S^ c-^S -? ' -H >^ ^ 0) •— ■* ^ <5 bfO c a s bo.i;— c ^i-H w c ^^■o 2 c *" ^-" °2go|5 SajS O mW 1 a g ^ *j mJ5 3 ' a a 3 ■* fag "S Ufa ^ 5 0) •So a ^=aa O a-S o • C t- tH ^BO'O ■ ph^ (Ufa a j^ -« O ^ ^fc^OO 'C_!.ao.Ct.iH?2«| O a cqo ■ 0) 0) EEg o2Sl!l!l .■g a a 0).-. 2 5 ,atf : 0) 01 a ':2§ fa a^ • bObo" c c.S •111 ^ CO C ro T3 "O S S O C 0) g Oia ^^ ^ u a -3 MO ^^^^ pS S'^S^ ^££ Mr-I NM -^iHOSN tHOJNNrt -aieO "H r-l 05 M N M N 1H -i* r-l .-( rHi-HrtCO ■* N "-I "H i-l M -H -H 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 ID SO u5-00 OJ lO U3 n O 00 lO t> CD »-H Oi t* 05 00 00 00 00 00 t^ 05 00 00 X Oi ;0 OJOO ^00^ C4 (D oooooo t> t- 0 05 ;Ot> ooo t- t>Oi ooo os«oo ooooooooo l>t>00O5CTlt>t>^00 rt lo toooooocnm UD (;0 -^ lO Irt ^ li!) IC ;OU3 00 loioo lo ooo OOO«IM00C5OM 2-fe^ lO -H O Ca Tf T-l c- Oi-HOO oooo ^ lO in lo lO -^ u5 Tf m u:) Tfio-^it 05-^N MNOO ;d CO C- ■^ t- in 03 05 lO -^J" ooooo cjiioo 00 ^ t-oo -HtoN w ooo lO^-^lO^OlOlO^ o .s o ooooin ■»a" Tf lo Tf li^ -^ ooo moo inoiooooooo C0Ut>-^;OC0»n'^rJ«CO i-H 50 tH t- lO 5D 00 t-^N O^IO .>7(MICrH0-Hm-^0 Og in lo oooo oooooo OOi-l ooo lOOOOOOOOO 7-( .-I .-H i-H IM (N N N r-(.-lrt N i-H O! 0> C^ --I y-l 05 C-O a> t- -^ coiMinosCicoMioos rH IMN.-Hi-IMC^ Cq -1— 1(M T-1,-1,-1 O IO.HO500 com rH Oi-HOJCTlOOO OS t^ in o 00 osooi (N(Min 1-1 -hOOO O t-eooascoNtD'tm 0000030)00)03 o 1 O CAj a M •o b^ 0) fe to ^ «*- cc o H c« h-l

  • >0h « e l_l < — 1 v •01 CJ a o C C o ,„ 3 t* m oT M t- f^ f^ ■"■ Cfc, 53S; T3T3 ."O • O c c s s§ < ^ <<<> o £ .S .5 .S '^^ S CASSIS 153 s • 3 3 3 3^ g .S'^' ttJQ ^ ^ « «<* c «= Ma ■ *« OOO) O— J " «2mM - , oSt) O O ^^ 0.-3 C mS cj « « ^ a> •SO -.s-l w ca _ cs jxi m'3§ c -^ •- c tm >. 3 M ^Sa> = ca c 3 £ S ■- o C 10 3t; s a J3 S"— , c ea M Bo's :>.iJ C *J " " m „ _ ■^'^E.SS.232-3 3 •- "J 0) i^ c ■;;■;? 0. -I CJ CO N rH T* T)< -H CO.-lrH M .-I CO r-l rH Tf N M i-l CO il N N INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 19 0>00CaOi«i3>t-;Da>>HO -H IN -.at y3 t- Tf M cotoNtoeq i» 00 t> N O 0» 00 iHt-OON eoNeoou5oo(N cot-io OiOO^DOltDt-t-t-NOOi-l oj o> 00 «o a> o t- Ot-t-C-M 91 O X Ol 0^ 05 00 «Ot-t-00 OI >-i t- Ti< © >o 00 t-«00 lOOOOOOOOOOO ooooooo OOOOO lOiOOOOOO OOOO ooooooo ooo tooooot-ooooio t>oot>oo N 00 to o> 00 COOtO-HOi 00 CO t* oi 00 o oo Tjit-oooo t- 00 T)l M -a" 00 rH lOOOlO miowt>io?D^^^ioio CO v5 -^ lo t- lo ^ t>o t-in->* li5 CO iO to to 00 to tootcira lO to to t- 00 to to TJIIOIO eoujiooot-osootocoM 00 o o o CO CO ^ OtOrHOOt- N ^ t- O ■<* O ■>* oicouo 00 Tl- N t- N t- [- .-1 rHintO Tj* OJ M* lO t> CI 00 lO -<1< lO lO T* Tt ^ t^oioo to t~ Tl" Tjl Tt in Tjl ooooo 01050 lO iO lO -^ Tj* Tj* lO CO -H.H CO lO »0 U5 lO OI to CO in ■* IN ej ■^ Tjiir:) Tji Ti< in u^ t-oco U5 lO lO ooiooo oo oiooioo OOOiOiOiOO ooooo ooiooooio loiao Tt«3Tl* CO cq eoTjin. O»e0t-t-iniNTCIM-*05N Tt CO lO U5 t- IN O locOTjiioM Tji IN M ■«1< 00 CO t- eocoNt- to 00 Tjl -^ O lO r-l OT(lt- ■rftD\a!D-^ir>-«\Oiaia-^ T)i m ■^)i lo lo 40 (D lO WlOTjIkO W lO ^ -"^ Tj* Tf U3 lOUiiO-^ •^ Tf -^t idC -^ Ut) uri o Til lOOOOOOOOOOO ooooooo ooooo OOOOOOO OOOO OONOOOO OOO (OOoooooot-voT-ioo U5 OC- t-OON rt IN tH rH eO .H N otootoo eq^lNiHlN oi 00 00 oi oi t- o rtrtrHrHrH-MIN oit>oot> OOO toOOOOt- IN tH tH IN N rt ^ tooto rHOJrH lOOOOCO-TtOlO^UJ-H^ IN CO -tl" to IN IN lO »H 005 lO lO to 00 CO 00 05 C- 00 U3tO W U3 ic o CO -"t 00 00 CO TfOO t-oooiNoooomtnN^-H iHNrHO)rH.-(i-l.-l(NlNC rtlNt-OOOlO ININrHINlN^M toooo .HINrt t-0«5t>COONOe<301lO t- CO lO U3 "3 O 1^ ooooooioio Tf 00 ■»!' t> r^ rt lO 00 TJOt-(o>0ia5 Oi O »H Oi 01 Oi o CI Ol O C5 91 OIOOOOOIOOO 05 00O5 o 01050C-0000 05 05 05 a OS JS o X W 6 ° £"3 0)^ ".a Ex w ^ o c =3 o'.S S -e a C 3 c . .O c c 2 c s o a) _ o d II Wo do c = Od dd.S mOOOS B '3 .S .S ^ .■tim C C 0! !3 i: « =! fc: ^ 3. Si 2 c O O o OOtj o •2.2«a rt cj =« s C C a 3 3 3 3 o o fc fL, Ph a< o" c« -o S c c r=^ o fc: t: eg-'- .2 3 ■!-> -" 3 D >>>> ■ • ^ ;§ fife ^mm MM 52 1^ M^^KdMH ^ ^ ^- bo 3 01 t)oW S §:^3^mS-S i be yEix'^S'^s^ '11xj3 -3^ ^^r'^ M~ ssbgB2|s|5^ -^inOOo3tiJOt-QJ^ 3W«&Ha(i,feOOODi .S t< bx 3? bo 2 J ea goQ»^»J.a!pa •S5 boS bo-g .S t« (a^5 iJ bo*^ . bo:S . o o oga ■ u a> "3 bo a bo « cafe ^P3 t. c *^ ca 4J bo§ w Cog 5^mo ca =5^ bo ffi< bO.S bbw « '^ Ph ^ 5 Oh Ph "^^ e CO S Ma) o o:g:;3 •c_;..2c Qcct: p flifeO' Pi§g^ ID ID "5 •e w 00 r t" ^ ■s 3-a boc* -^5 Tjl CO CO ^ tH CO C t- ';d 00 1> o c- oo o ooo LO ooooioooinoooooino© N -^ 00 •^ lo CD CO t> ■* iH in 1-1 o eq ID U5 CO ic u2 lO !:d lO ec CD -^ CO -^ CO COOOOTjIiniON'Ht-t-CDt-W"*^)!"* tC ■* CO CO CO 0> 00 O CD U3 ^ N NOiiOONTMOO-tM lO lO iO lO lO UO »0 rj» »0 ir5 U5 Ot> CO o-^eO'Heomot-'-ieqcot-Mc^oo-H cooo5 0)—iocoN^'*-^o>Oi-ia>oo t>t>CO-Ot>t>t>tr-C-CDt-CDt-t-CD5D U o 1 T3 lO U3 10 10 0 000 0010 lOlO lO OlOlOOuDlfllOliOO^OOOU30U30 < §1 lO COTj •* vo(jsinoocDoo(Mwoot-MNcoint>e CO t- IM >« COOO O o ooi-ooO"-<(j>;OTjioooseo coco m THTi"o>-HTHt-oot>cococO'^cocoooeo O-— O-HOOOOONOi-n-HOO^H fa ._ 05 C a o 05 Tf O CO 05 ^ t- O -H lO N 0> O-^OOC- 00500(390 [-N CO 050 o ooco-^c3»cOTjit-u5toeq-*oe 5 < a H^ S Q re O CD •* c« =5 « a 3 2 Mft O rt |> IX B- >>5^T3T3 ," . &-( ^•s^ 8'S *" ojja 0)0 . . .£^■3 oTrlf^ ^ CD J5^ ^ 3 3fr: >^J5 -IC»-*«CTO'a"Tl< tHCJO^HCO^S'^OiOOt'OOOU^NCOO CO(Dt-00OSt-t-00t-00t-t-O» NN-HNCOOWr-IOi-d-IOlNTllMNr-ICD ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooto<£>oooooo oooooooooooooooooo 050i©OtD000000O000000lO0000;£)OTO COCOOOlOiHOt-OSrHNOJ^DO OOOOOO'^rHMOOOOOOO a>oco«)ooooooo>-^eoooo-^o>.-ioooN O fi ooooooooooooo ooioiooioioooirtooo oooooooooooooooooo Ttoojc-ooo>n'-iot-t>ct-00>H u . . . S.OOO -O-- U r< 'C hfl tn tn b£ ... ►„ • • r° • ii C C C . c^ M C fe fe fe-S -5l-52;wt> O^ • ■ • • 2U . . . . OvjOOOO d d o 3 cOOOO UO '^ddd o'CbtoiMm MM • -MOOO . ■ d d^-S.S o o o •S.S . .■StibOwOdOC'i^g fcMWM ^^'^"3 = = = HHV-t;KW §tf«K (^^ ai7 fc S 0.0.5 o^^'^wm''-' g „fcSf--5'§.^^2gg_" going^^eS^oS ^4 ^^ "^ tn - -'" o c oj 0) ^ ? — . 5 g g"E « g.sps MM>..yg oPh"'^ t^ o *- ^ O M o. o o • ■ -J, ■„ ■ -2^^^ Ba>4Jo!c«a)a)T3a'''-'T) WW • 0) a> , a fi J- o o 5mm aiwo>« « » mpqQQtnPHfi,m2<5gsmma(«tf« j3 .a «) N m CO .-< N .-I TO rt IN r-( r-l r-l NCqiM t-.> ?^ (S <1 c ^ > o ►— 1 ■oc ooo t>CO TtO t~— 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 oooo ooco Ot-iTHOOo Nooooooeooooo wooooo X 00 X 00 CO lO lO CO -^ r-t tH lO ^H Tf lO CO 10005 oa ■■*ooco CON C- •« T-H :o 00 c- CO "-KM—lOrH CO>OOOCOT»iTl<05COCOCOCOOe005 OOOO O »0 lO lO OOO ocoio oooooo lo loiocgioo oooooooooooooo (TfOCOOJOJNIMONOONO lO lO Til CO in CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO O5C0>-H CO cot->OTj< LOCO 00 05 05 t> t> T-( 00 OCJ5COT11— <0 NCOT-t":3*m^HC005Tt050lJOC505 lOC0IM"*C0lO0aT»i— (incONCON comiocococo CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 'CO ^ bD bo ■a-a a c 11 01 O W) QJ 0) t, o o c-S o 1= S i: m ^ 0) O !> O g ^ s ^ ° o5£ c c.SO .u .^ "go •o| 2- )=g;2o JSs o bo<5 ^-> C j^ bo ;2o^ ;S bc b/! o^ (i^ WS2 OOO >i d) . . o ca M be >i , 0) ^ i; 2 *i §1 - -Sfe • o .2 <1) 3 0) i 3 „'3 s S S 1 ti t> ySTS — — ^"73 a) s £.2 3.-^ O 73 -tt m a) fe S "g . '"g . :« :S ^ ^ O^W 3 3~ •— a» c S„T! C^ E-oW nlM "In b S & c £ o cQ a> 3 3t3 3 1.1 "^1 3 3 C 3 C^Ph gPn ,3] _in CQ jn 'b£"bo ^-b bt be R> i: 3 3 2^ lOCO-H — I— (NM-Hi-C ea -< N IM O) 00 2% sulphur, 3% calcium carbonate, 2% calcium phos- phate, 1% Protozyme (an enzyme-supplying product derived from biochemically processed cereals). Beacon Dairy Ration Old process linseed oil meal, soy bean oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn distillers dried grains, barley, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, corn meal, cottonseed meal, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% salt. Beacon Egg Mash with Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, meat scrap, bone meal, fish meal, corn gluten meal, soy bean oil meal, pulverized barley, pulverized heavy oats, corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, 3% calcium carbonate, 2% calcium phosphate, }/2% fine salt, 1% Protozyme (an enzyme-supplying product derived from biochemically processed cereals). INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 29 Beacon's Cayuga Laying Mash with Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, fish meal, meat scrap, corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, pulverized barley, corn gluten meal, pulverized heavy oats, 3% cal- cium carbonate, 2% calcium phosphate, ^ 2'H salt. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc. Berkshire Hills Sweet Dairy Feed Molasses, wheat bran, ground barley, ground oats, gluten feed, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, corn meal, calcium carbonate, bone meal, salt. Green Mountain Dairy Ration Cottonseed meal, wheat bran, ground oats, ground barley, gluten feed, hominy, oil meal, salt and calcium carbonate. Butman Grain & Feed Co. Climax Laying Mash Corn meal, bran, middlings, ground wheat, ground oats, beef and fish scraps, gluten, calcium carbonate and salt. Cllmas Special Twenty Dairy Feed Corn meal, bran, middlings, ground oats, oil meal, oat and gluten feed, cottonseed meal, molasses and salt. Chapin & Co. Ajax Dairy Ration 20% Cottonseed meal, linseed meal, dried brewers grains, corn oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy meal, ground barley, molasses, salt, 1% calcium carbonate, bone charcoal, wheat bran and wheat middlings contain screenings not to exceed mill run. Unicorn Dairy Ration Linseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, brewers grains, corn oil meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy meal, ground barley, molasses, calcium carbon- ate, bone charcoal, salt. Coles Co. Fortune Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Ground corn, wheat, oats, barley, kaffir corn, buclcwheat, alfalfa, wheat bran, wheat flour midds, old process linseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn germ meal, hominy, dried buttermilk, fish meal, bone & meat meal, calcium carbonate, 1% salt, (wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) Nicolas Courcy Courcy's Eastern Milk Laying Mash No. 2 yellow corn meal, wheat bran, flour middlings, pulverized oats, alfalfa leaf meal, dried or skim milk, 50% beef scraps, fish meal, steamed bone meal, 1% fine salt. Cover & Palm Co. The Perfect Dry Mash Alfalfa meal, hominy feed, corn meal, wheat mixed feed, animal meal, gluten feed, linseed oil meal, beef scraps, oats and oat feed, kaffir corn meal, dried buttermilk. E. A. Cowee Co. Coweco 20% Dairy Ration Wheat bran, wheat middlings, gluten feed, corn meal, linseed meal, ground oats, cottonseed meal, brewers grains, molasses, edible bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. Coweco 20%, Beet Pulp Dairy Ration Gluten feed, cottonsef d m?al, malt grains, corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, beet pulp, calcium carbonate, and salt. Coweco 1925 Dairy Ration Wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, cottonseed meal, gluten feed, linseed meal, hominy, ground oats, brewers grains, salt and cane molasses, calcium carbonate. Coweco Open Formula Dairy Ration Corn meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, o. p. linseed meal, brewers grains, gluten meal, molasses, edible bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. Coweco Special Open Formula Egg Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, flour middlings, fine ground oats, meat scraps, fish meal, alfalfa leaf meal, edible bone meal, salt and calcium carbonate and cane molasses. Coweco Laying Mash Wheat bran, oats, barley, gluten feed, linseed, meat scraps, wheat middlings, fish scraps, corn meal, buttermilk, alfalfa meal, calcium carbonate, salt. With or without cane molasses, with or without cod liver oil. J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. Lexington Poultry Mash Meat scraps, fish scraps, gluten feed, linseed meal, alfalfa meal, wheat middlings and bran, corn meal, salt. 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Big C Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, stock feed, hominy, scraps, corn meal, oil meal, corn gluten feed, fish meal, ground oatmeal, 5 2% salt, molasses. Big C Special Dairy Feed Stock feed, cottonseed meal, oil meal, hominy, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, 1% salt, 1% bone, 1% lime, 3% molasses, wheat middlings, ground oats. Diamond A Dairy Feed Corn meal, oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, dried brewers grains, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, stock feed, 1%. salt. Diamond A Mash Meal, wheat bran, wheat midds, scraps, alfalfa meal, ground oats, corn gluten feed, old pro- cess oil meal, cottonseed meal, 1% salt. Diamond C Dairy Feed Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat midds, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, oil meal, beet pulp, salt 1 5^2%. Quality 24'^ Dairy Feed Wheat bran, wheat midds, corn gluten feed, dried brewers grains, cocoanut oil meal, cotton- seed meal, old process oil meal, soy bean meal, cane molasses, corn feed meal, ground oats, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Quality 20< f Dairy Feed Wheat bran, corn gluten feed, wheat midds, dried brewers grains, cane molasses, cottonseed meal, soy bean meal, corn feed meal, ground oats, cocoanut oil meal, old process oil meal, reground grain screenings from wheat, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Quality Laying Mash Dried buttermilk, meat and fish scrap, wheat midds, corn feed meal, wheat bran, corn gluten feed, ground oats, hominy, old process oil meal, alfalfa meal, J'2% salt. Vigor 24% Dairy Feed Wheat bran, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat midds, soy bean meal, cane molasses, dried brewers grains, cocoanut oil meal, ground oats, corn feed meal, old process oil meal, reground grain screenings from wheat, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Vigor 169, Dairy Feed Corn gluten feed, dried brewers grains, cottonseed meal, soy bean meal, cane molasses, cocoa- nut oil meal, old process oil meal, wheat midds, wheat bran, oat meal mill by-product (oat midds, oat hulls, oat shorts), reground grain screenings from wheat, 1% bone meal, 1% cal- cium carbonate, 1% salt. Cutler Co. King Dairy Feed with Beet Pulp Sweet Dried beet pulp, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, yellow corn meal, ground oats, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. King 22 Milk Ration Sweetened Old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, yellow corn meal, ground barley, ground oats, alfalfa meal, bone meal, calcium carbonate, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Delaware Mills, Inc. Delco 24 '"o Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat bran (which may contain mill run screenings), wheat middlings, corn meal, calcium carbonate, salt. Indian Laying Mash (with Dried Buttermilk) Dried buttermilk, meat scrap, fish meal, bone meal, linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn feed meal, ground barley, ground oats, cottonseed meal, calcium phosphate and salt. F. Diehl & Son, Inc. Diehl's Dairy Feed Banner Feed, bran, brewers grains, cottonseed, gluten feed, linseed meal, and salt, and calcite flour. Diehl's Dry Mash Alfalfa, Banner Feed, bone, buttermilk, charcoal, fish scraps, gluten meal, linseed meal, meat scraps, middlings and red dog. J. L. Dunnell & Son Excel Dairy Ration 24% Corn meal, gluten feed, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, ground oats, oil meal, salt, calcium car- bonate. Excel 20% Dairy Ration Corn meal, gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, ground oats, salt, bone meal, calcium carbonate. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 31 East Bridgewater Farmers Cooperative Exchange, Inc. Special Dairy Feed Wheat bran, middlings, corn meal or hominy, gluten feed, linseed meal, ground oats, cane molasses, edible bone meal, calcium carbonate, cottonseed meal and salt. Special Milk Mash Yellow corn meal, wheat bran, red dog or second clear flour, choice beef scrap, alfalfa leaf meal, ground oat meal, linseed meal, dried skim milk, edible bone meal and salt. Eastern Grain Co. Eastern 24% Dairy Feed Sweetened Bran, 43% cottonseed meal, linseed meal, distillers grains, ground oats, Buffalo gluten. Dia- mond gluten, peanut meal, ground barley, corn meal, pure cane molasses, high grade bone meal, calcium carbonate, middlings, salt. Eastern 20% Dairy Feed Sweetened Bran, 43% cottonseed, linseed meal, distillers grains, ground oats, Buffalo gluten. Diamond gluten, peanut meal, ground barley, corn meal, pure cane molasses, high grade edible bone meal, middlings, calcium carbonate, salt. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Eastern States Milk Egg Mash E. S. No. 2 yellow corn meal — attrition, standard wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, E. S. pure ground oats (No. 2 — 38 lb. clipped — unsul.), E. S. meat scraps 50%, pure fish meal 55%, alfalfa leaf meal, pure dried buttermilk, steamed bone meal, salt. Eastern States Fulpail Dairy Ration E. S. pure ground oats (No. 2 — 38 lb. clipped — unsul.), standard wheat bran, corn gluten feed, E. S. choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal — pure, choice yellow hominy, E. S. barley — ground, soy bean oil meal, corn distillers grains, molasses, bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. Eastern States Milkmore Dairy Ration E. S. choice cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, old process linseed oil meal — pure, soy bean oil meal, standard wheat bran, E. S. barley — ground, E. S. pure ground oats (No. 2 — 38 lb. clipped — unsul.), choice yellow hominy, corn distillers grains, molasses, bone meal, cal- cium carbonate, salt. Michael W. Ellis Uncle Mike's Poultry Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy, gluten, corn meal, rolled oats or fine feeding oatmeal, beef scraps, bone meal, salt, charcoal, dried skim milk, calcite flour. Elmore Milling Co., Inc. Elmore Egg Mash 20% dried buttermilk and meat scraps, 2nd clear wheat flour; pure ground oats, wheat mid- dlings, corn meal or hominy feed, wheat bran, cod liver oil, not more than 1% calcium carbon- ate, salt. Elmore Milk Grains Corn distillers grains, wheat bran, old process oil meal, corn meal or hominy feed, barley malt sprouts, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, dried brewers grains, calcium carbonate, salt. Elmore's Sweet Digesto Dairy Feed Corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, linseed oil meal, pulverized wheat screenings, oat meal mill by-products (oat hulls, oat midds and oat shorts), cane molasses, salt. Granger Ration Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, corn gluten meal, malt grains, cane molasses, corn meal, hominy feed, soy bean meal, bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. Otsego Economy Ration O. p. oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, corn gluten meal, corn meal, cane molasses, copra oil meal, phosphatic calcium carbonate, ground oats, salt. John W. Eshelman & Sons Eshelman Certified 24% Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, 34% pro. o. p. oil meal, 41% pro. cottonseed meal, choice hominy feed, pure ground 38 lb. No. 2 white clipped oats, soy bean meal, standard wheat bran, corn distillers dried grains, cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. Eshelman Challenge Dairy Feed Wheat bran, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, soy bean meal, cane mo- lasses, dried brewers grains, cocoanut oil meal, ground oats, corn feed meal, o. p. oil meal, reground grain screenings from wheat, 1%, bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Eshelman Lancaster 20% Dairy Feed Wheat bran, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, dried brewers grains, cane molasses, cotton- seed meal, soy bean meal, corn feed meal, ground oats, cocoanut oil meal, o. p. oil meal, re- ground grain screenings from wheat, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Eshelman Laying Mash Wheat middlings, corn feed meal, meat scrap, fish scrap, wheat bran, corn gluten feed, ground oats, hominy feed, o .p. oil meal, '2% dried buttermilk, 1% alfalfa meal, } 2% salt. 32 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 Eshelman Pennsy 16% Dairy Feed Corn gluten feed, dried brewers grains, cottonseed meal, soy bean meal, cane molasses, cocoanut oil meal, o. p. oil meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, oat meal mill by-product (oat midds, oat hulls, oat shorts), reground grain screenings from wheat, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Frank A. Fales & Co. Poultry Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, ground oats, gluten feed, alfalfa meal, meat scraps, fish scraps, linseed meal. Flory Milling Co., Inc. Flory's Dairy Feed Cottonseed meal, o. p. oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, dried brewers grains, corn meal, alfalfa meal, standard wheat bran, standard wheat middlings, ground oats, molasses, calcium carbonate, bone meal, salt. Fred A. Fountain Fountain's Buttermilk Laying Mash Dry buttermilk or dry skim milk, beef scrap, fish meal, ground oat groats, second clear Hour, bran, middlings, yellow corn meal, gluten, calcium carbonate, powdered charcoal, table salt. E. & A. M. Fullerton, Inc. O. K. Poultry Mash Corn meal, gluten feed, bran, middlings, ground oats, linseed meal, meat and bone meal. J. B. Garland & Son Garland's Poultry Mash Wheat bran and middlings, corn meal, gluten meal, oat meal, alfalfa, beef scraps, fish meal, dried milk, calcium carbonate, salt, with or without cane molasses, with or without cod liver oil. Royal Worcester Complete Ration Gluten feed, linseed, oats, wheat middlings and bran, cotton seed meal, beet pulp, salt, cal- ' cium carbonate, bone meal and cane molasses. General Mills, Inc. Eventually Gold Medal Dairy Ration Wheat germ, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, ground corn, ground oats, wheat bran, wheat middlings, calcium carbonate (from ground limestone) 2% iodized salt, 1%, bone meal 1'^. Eventually Gold Medal Egg Mash (with Dried Buttermilk) Wheat germ, sifted meat scraps, corn gluten feed, linseed oil meal, alfalfa meal, corn feed meal, fine ground oat groats, wheat standard middlings, wheat red dog, fine ground bone meal JaVo- calcium carbonate (from ground limestone) ' 2%, iodized salt 32%, dried butter- milk. D. H. Grandin Milling Co. Grandin's 24% Balanced Dairy Ration Distillers dried grains, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy meal, and one-half of one per cent of salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Laying Mash with Buttermilk Ground fish, ground meat and bone, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, ground oats, powdered buttermilk, alfalfa meal, calcium carbonate, and a small percentage of salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Milk Maker Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, beet pulp and one-half of one per cent of salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Sweetened 24 'c Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy fee I, cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Sweetened 20 Vc Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Sweetened 16% Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, ground barley, cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 33 Grandln's 12 Twin Six 12 Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, alfalfa meal, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, and one-half of one per cent of salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may con- tain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Hales & Hunter Co. Red Comb Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Corn feed meal, oat flour, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten feed, meat scraps, alfalfa meal, soy bean meal, dried buttermilk and not over 5% minerals (calcium carbonate, rock phosphate, sodium chloride, steamed bone meal, granulated charcoal, iron sulphate, sulphur.) Horvitz Grain Co. Make- M -Lay Laying Mash Wheat bran, corn meal, gluten feed and gluten meal, ground oats, ground barley, red dog, wheat middlings, linseed meal, meat scraps, calcium carbonate, charcoal. Open Formula Mash Coarse corn meal, wheat bran, white middlings, ground oats 40-42, meat scraps 55 p. c. pro- tein, alfalfa leaf meal, steamed bone meal, dried milk, common salt. Wantmore Dairy Ration Hominy feed or corn meal, wheat bran, ground oats, gluten feed and gluten meal, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, salt, calcium carbonate. Wantmore Dairy with Beet Pulp Hominy feed or corn meal, wheat bran, gluten feed and gluten meal, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, salt, beet pulp, calcium carbonate. Wantmore 20% Dairy Feed Sweetened Bran, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, distillers grains, ground oats, Buffalo gluten, peanut meal, gluten meal, ground barley, corn meal, cane molasses, high grade edible bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt, middlings. Jaquith & Co. Dry Mash Ciround corn, wheat and oats, gluten feed, oil meal, meat and bone meal, buttermilk, beet pulp, salt. Jersee Co. Just Right Egg Mash Meat scraps, charcoal, ground bone, salt, wheat middlings, wheat bran, ground oats, ground corn, powdered whole and skim milk, St. John's bread, starch, calcium phosphate, anise, dried blood and oxide iron, barley fine ground. Larrowe Milling Co. Larro — The Ready Ration for Dairy Cows Yellow corn meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, o .p. linseed oil meal, standard wheat bran, standard wheat middlings, dried beet pulp, %% salt. Larro Egg Mash Fine ground feeding oatmeal, standard wheat middlings, yellow hominy feed, meat scrap, standard wheat bran, dried buttermilk, alfalfa meal, bone meal, ?4 % salt and ?4 % calcium carbonate. Mansfield Milling Co. Mansfield Cow-Ration Wheat bran, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, gluten feed and salt. Mansfield Dry-Poultry Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog flour, corn meal, gluten feed, and meat scraps. Maritime Milling Co., Inc. B B (Bull Brand) Dairy Ration Sweetened Dried brewers grains, dried malt grains, o .p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) B B (Bull Brand) Laying Mash with Dried Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, o. p. linseed oil meal, corn gluten meal, corn meal, pulverized oats, ground oat meal, meat meal, fish meal, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wiieat middlings may contain mill run of ground screenings.) B B Hi-Test Dairy Feed 24% Protein Sweetened Dried brewers grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, corn meal, cleaned pulverized and bolted grain screenings, wheat bran, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. B B Hi-Test Dairy Feed 20%, Protein Sweetened Dried brewers grains, dried malt grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, ground oats, corn meal, cleaned pulverized and bolted grain screenings, wheat bran, cereal feed (wheat and wheat bran processed), molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. 34 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 B B Martnico 16% Dairy Feed with Molasses Dried brewers grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, cleaned pulverized and bolted grain screenings, wheat bran, oat hulls, oat shorts, oat midds, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. Marshall Grain Co., Inc. M. G. C. Laying Mash Hominy meal, mixed feed, oil meal, corn meal, gluten feed, oat feed, alfalfa meal, beef scraps, rolled oats, buttermilk. Mennel Milling Co. Memo All Mash Ration Ground corn, wheat bran and middlings, meat scraps, dried buttermilk, alfalfa meal, bone meal, V2 of 1% salt. Narragansett Milling Co. Narragansett Indian Dairy Ration Corn meal, cottonseed meal, o. p. linseed oil meal, gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat midds, ground oats, salt. Narragansett Indian Egg Mash Dried buttermilk, meat and fish scraps, hominy feed, wheat midds, wheat bran, yellow corn meal, corn gluten feed, ground oats and barley, o. p. linseed oil meal, alfalfa leaf meal, salt, with a mineral mixture. New England Dairy Ration Yellow corn meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, o. p. linseed, ground oats, cottonseed meal, calcium carbonate, salt, molasses. Ontario Milling Co., Inc. Aunt Mary's Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, meat meal, fish meal, oat meal, calcium carbonate, corn germ meal, old process linseed oil meal, hominy, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat flour middlings, alfalfa meal, corn feed meal, 1% salt. (Wheat feeds may contain ground screen- ings not to exceed mill run.) Big Value Dairy Feed Old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, hominy feed, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, corn feed meal, ground wheat screenings, oat meal mill by-products (oat middlings, oat shorts, and oat hulls), 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Butterfat Dairy Feed with Molasses Old process linseed oil meal, wheat bran, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, corn feed meal, cocoanut oil meal, ground wheat screenings, molasses, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) Oswego 16^0 Dairy Feed with Molasses Cottonseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, ground wheat screenings, oat meal mill by-product (oat hulls, oat shorts, oat middlings), molasses, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. Oswego Egg Mash with Meat and Fish Meat meal, fish meal, oat meal, corn germ meal, old process linseed oil meal, hominy, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat flour middlings, corn feed meal, ground oats, alfalfa meal, ground scratch feed screenings from (corn, wheat, oats, barley, kafflr corn, and buckwheat), bone meal, calcium carbonate, 1% salt. (Wheat feeds may contain ground screenings not to exceed mill run.) Uncle John's 24% Cream Pot Ration Cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, old process linseed oil meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, cocoanut oil meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn germ meal, 1% bone meal, and 1% salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) Park & Pollard Co Herdhelth 16% Ration Corn gluten feed, hominy feed, ground oats, cottonseed meal, wheat bran (may contain mill run of screenings), wheat middlings, molasses, lodol tish meal, calcium carbonate and salt. Lay or Bust Dry-Mash Ground: corn, wheat, oats, barley, kafRr corn, buckwheat, alfalfa, fish, meat, bone, wheat bran with mill run of screenings, wheat middlings, calcium carbonate, salt and dried butter- milk. Milk-Maid 24% Sweetened Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains, wheat bran (may contain mill run of screenings), brewers dried grains, malt sprouts, corn gluten meal, copra oil meal, corn meal, lodol fish meal, molasses, calcium carbonate and salt. Overall 24% Dairy Ration Corn, gluten feed, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, distiflers dried grains, wheat bran, wheat middlings (may contain mill run of screenings), corn gluten meal, hominy feed, calcium car- bonate and salt. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 35 Top Notch 16% Ration Corn gluten feed, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, malt sprouts, fine ground grain screenings, corn gluten meal, oat feed (oat hulls, oat shorts, oat middlings), corn meal, molasses, calcium carbonate and salt. Postum Co., Inc. Burt's Dairy Feed Cereal and Postum by-products: (corn, wheat, wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat flour, barley malt Hour, barley malt hulls, may contain trace of screenings), hominy feed, gluten meal, old process oil meal, choice cottonseed meal, calcium carbonate and salt. W. N. Potter Grain Stores, Inc. A. D. P. 24% Dairy Ration Ground corn, hominy, cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, ground oats, oil meal, calcium carbonate, bone meal, salt. I A. D. P. 207c Dairy Ration Ground corn, hominy, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, ground oats, oilmeal, calcium carbonate, bone meal and salt. Potter's Sweetened Dairy Ration Linseed oilmeal, wheat bran, hominy, cottonseed meal, ground oats, gluten feed, wheat middlings, corn distillers grains, cane molasses, calcium carbonate, bone meal, salt. Puritan 24% Dairy Ration Gluten feed, gluten meal, oilmeal, brewers grains, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, standard middlings, hominy, ground oats, molasses, calcium carbonate, bone meal and salt. Puritan 20% Dairy Ration Gluten feed, oiL-neal, brewers grains, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, ground oats, corn meal, ho.niny, standard middlings, molasses, cal. ium carbonate, bone meal and salt. Quaker Oats Co. Quaker 24% Protein Dairy Ration Hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, linseed meal, wheat brain, wheat middlings, oat i.eal . ill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), Ji of 1% salt 1% ground limestone, molasses. Quaker 20% Protein Dairy Ration Hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, barley meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, oat eal nill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls) %, of 1% salt, 1% ground limestone, molasses. Quaker 16% Protein Dairy Ration Hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, barley real, cottonseed freal, linseed meal, gluten feed wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground grain screenings from wheat, oatmeal mill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), 54 of 1% salt, 1% ground li.x.estone, molasses. Quaker Ful-O-Pep Egg Masli Oatmeal, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, barley meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, meat scraps, cod liver meal, fish meal, alfalfa ineal, 2% ground limestone, M of 1% salt, molasses. Quiseiiberry Feed Mfg. Co. Quisenberry Quality 25% Dairy Feed Dried brewers grains, distillers grain, corn gluten feed, o. p. oil meal, hominy feed, wheat mid- dlings, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, corn meal, calciu a carbonate, not more than 1% fine salt 1% charcoal. Quisenberry Quality 20% Dairy Feed Corn gluten feed, o. p. oil neal, hominy feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, dried beet pulp, corn meal, whole ground oats, alfalfa meal, calcium carbonate, not more than 1% tine salt, 1% charcoal. Quisenberry Quality More Egg Laying Mash Dried butter ralk, meat and bone meal, o. p. oil meal, alfalfa meal, pulverized cats, wheat middlings, wheat bran, corn meal, corn germ meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, not less than 2^2% cod liver meal, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate (organic and inorganic citrates soluble), salt, sulphur, ferrous sulphate, charcoal, iodine. Total added minerals less than 5%. Ralston Purina Co. Protena 20% Dairy Feed Cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, oat meal mill by-product (oat shorts, oat hulls, oat middlings) ground grain screenings (from wheat, corn, oats, barley, kaffir), wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, molasses, 1% iodized salt. Purina Blue Checker Cow Chow Feed Linseed meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, molasses, 1% iodized salt. Purina Breeder Lay Chow Feed containing Mineral Dried buttermilk, cod liver oil, wheat middlings, wheat bran, corn meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa leaf meal, linseed meal, meat scrap, 1% bone meal, 1% salt, 2% calcium carbonate (limestone). 36 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 Purina Chicken Chowder Feed containing Mineral Wheat middlings, wheat bran, corn meal, corn germ meal, alfalfa leaf meal, linseed meal, meat scrap, 1% bone meal, 1% salt, 2% calcium carbonate (limestone). Purina Cow Chow Feed Linseed meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, molasses, 1% iodized salt. Purina Lay Chow Feed containing Mineral Soy bean meal, molasses, alfalfa meal, corn meal, meat scrap, wheat middlings, wheat bran, 1H% bone meal, 1H% salt, 2l47o calcium carbonate (limestone). Reuben W. Ropes Ropes Balanced Ration Yellow meal, hominy, gluten feed, cottonseed meal, bran, oil meal, beet pulp, alfalfa meal, oat feed, ground wheat, oatmeal. Diamond gluten, salt. Ropes Poultry Hash Corn meal, hominy, gluten feed, oil meal, cottonseed, oat feed, wheat meal, bran, alfalfa meal, bone meal, rolled cats, beef scraps, fish scraps, dry milk. Ryther & Warren Blue Tag Dairy Ration 41 per cent cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, white hominy, standard bran, standard middlings, ground oats, dried beet pulp, calcium carbonate 1 per cent and salt 3 2 of 1 per cent. Minot Milk Egg Mash Yellow corn meal, wheat bran, flour middlings, meat scraps 50% pro., fish scraps 55% pro., alfalfa leaf meal, steamed bone meal, dried milk, salt, ground 40 lb. oats. Minot Poultry Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog, corn meal, gluten feed, alfalfa meal, ground oats, oat flour, fish and meat scraps and one-half of one per cent salt. St. Albans Grain Co. Hygrade 24 Sweetened Milk Ration Corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, brewers dried grains, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, wheat bran, wheat middlings, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, dairy salt and pure cane molasses. Hygrade 20 Sweetened Milk Ration Old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, brewers dried grains, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, wheat bran, wheat middlings, pure cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Hygrade 16 Sweetened Milk Ration Old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, brewers dried grains, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, wheat bran, wheat middlings, pure cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Paragon Dairy Feed Sweetened Cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, brewers dried grains, oat meal mill by-products (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), wheat bran, wheat middlings, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore 25 Balanced Ration Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, pure ground oats, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal and dairy salt. Wirthmore 25 Balanced Ration Sweetened Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, pure ground oats, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, wheat middlings, wheat Ijran, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore 20 Dairy Feed Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal and dairy salt. Wirthmore 20 Dairy Feed Sweetened Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore Dairy Feed with Beet Pulp Sweetened Dried beet pulp, cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore 16 Dairy Ration Sweet Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, corn gluten feed, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, wheat bran, wheat middlings, cotton- seed meal, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 37 Wirthmore Laying Mash , ,, u Pure dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, choice beef scraps, fish meal, yellow corn meal, alfalla leaf meal, linseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground rolled oats, oats, barley, buckwheat, milo maize, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. John Shea Bran, midds, meal, ground oats, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, beef scraps, bone meal, alfalfa meal, fish scraps, dried buttermilk, red dog flour. J. H. Smith Smith's Open Formula Laying Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, fine gound oats, 50% meat scraps, 50', fish meal, alfalfa leaf meal, edible bone meal, salt. H. C. Southworth Special Poultry Feed or Mash Wheat feed, corn meal, gluten feed, alfalfa meal, linseed meal, meat scraps, gniur.a oats, ground bone, charcoal, Fos-for-us, dried milk, salt. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc. Blue Ridge Dairy Feed , ■,, Linseed meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, oatmeal mfll by-product (oat shorts, oat middlings, oat hulls), cornmeal, hominy feed, calcium carbonate, salt . C. H. Symmes The Ideal Dairy Ration Wheat middlings, wheat bran, brewers grains, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, glut^^n rneal, gluten feed, hominy or corn meal, molasses, salt, calcium carbonate, bone meal, ana ground barley. Syracuse Milling Co. Syragold Dairy Feed Corn meal, ground oats, wheat bran and wheat middlings with mill run screenings, toasted wheat feed (wheat and wheat bran processed), corn gluten feed, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains, brewers dried grains, calcium carbonate and salt. Syragold Egg Mash Ground corn, ground barley, wheat flour, wheat middlings and bran with mill tun screenings, alfalfa meal, ground meat and bone, fish and salt. Tioga-Enipire Feed Mills, Inc. Red Brand Tioga Dairy Feed Corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, cocoanut oil meal, peanut oil rneal, cane molasses, salt, iodine, phosphate of lime, charcoal, soy bean oil meal, hominy feed, brewers dried grains. Ti-O-Ga Laying Food Wheat middlings, corn meal, wheat bran, phosphate of lime, pulverized oats, fish meal, soy bean oil meal, corn gluten meal, meat and bone scrap, powdered buttermilk. Ubiko Milling Co. Ubiko All-Mash Connplete Laying Ration Cod liver oil, Kraco milk sugar feed, meat scrap, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground oats, yellow corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, corn gluten feed, o. p. linseed meal, 32% salt, 2% calcium carbonate and 1% Dicapho calcium phosphate- Union Grains Ubiko 20^0 Sweet Dairy Ration Corn distillers dried grains, brewers dried grains, choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, corn gluten feed, winter wheat bran, white wheat middlings, hominy meal, ground oats, one per cent chemically pure calcium carbonate, one-half per cent of fine table salt, cane molasses. Vitality Mills, Inc. Vitality 20% Dairy Feed with Molasses Cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, peanut meal, wheat bran, wheat mid- dlings, clipped oat by-products (oat hulls and oat shorts), ground and bolted grain screenings, 1% calcium carbonate (limestone), molasses and 3 2 of 1% salt. C. P. Washburn Co. Made Right Beet Pulp Dairy Ration Cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, corn gluten, wheat bran, corn meal, oat feed, beet pulp, charcoal, calcium carbonate, salt, bone meal, ground oats. Made Right Molasses Dairy Feed Yellow hominy, ground oats, cottonseed meal, o. p. linseed oil meal, wheat bran, gluten feed, soy bean oil meal, corn distillers dried grains, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. 38 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 Made Right Dry Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog, 2nd clear flour, ground oats, linseed oil meal, gluten feed, meat scraps, fish meal, buttermilk, alfalfa leaf meal, molasses, bone meal, charcoal, calcium carbonate, salt, and cod liver oil. H. K. Webster Co. Blue Seal All Mash Ration Ground whole corn, ground fancy wheat, ground poultry oats, pure bran, flour middlings, h. g. meat scraps, dried fkim milk, edible bone meal, P. R. cane molasses, salt, cod liver meal blend, and alfalfa leaf meal. Blue Seal 20 Dairy Feed Gluten feed, yellow hominy, o. p. oil meal, ground oats, bran, choice cottonseed meal, st. wheat middlings, P. R. cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, and salt. Blue Seal Improved Balanced Ration Gluten meal, hominy feed, o. p. oil meal, ground oats, wheat bran, choice cottonseed meal, corn distiller grains, malt sprouts, peanut middlings, P. R. cane molasses, and Oregon Mineral Mixture (sulphur, ferrous sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, potassium iodide, sodium bicarbonate, and salt.) Blue Sea! Milk Mash Pure bran, pure middlings, red dog flour, corn meal, fine ground oats, alfalfa leaf meal, h. g. meat scraps, cod fish meal, dried skim milk, edible bone meal, and salt. Blue Seal Standard Dairy Feed P. R. cane molasses, gluten meal, 43% c. s. meal, 34% o. p. oil meal, malt sprouts, peanut middlings, pure bran, hominy feed (or corn meal), beet pulp, and Oregon Minerals (sulphur, ferrous sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, potassium iodide, sodium bicarbonate, and salt.) University Open Formula Laying Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog flour, fine ground oats, 50% meat scraps, 55% fish meal, alfalfa leaf meal, edible bone meal, and salt. University Open Formula Laying Mash with Molasses Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog flour, fine ground oats, 50% meat scraps, 55% fish meal, alfalfa leaf meal, edible bone meal, and salt, and molasses. X-L Dairy Ration Gluten meal, o. p. oil meal, 43% cottonseed meal, malt sprouts, bran, oat feed, peanut mid- dlings, P. R. cane molasses, toasted wheat feed, Oregon Minerals (sulphur, ferrous sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, potassium iodide, sodium bicarbonate, and salt). West-Nesbitt, Inc. All Pure 20Vo Milk Ration Choice cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy feed or corn meal, pure cane molasses, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, '^ of 1% salt. Pure Feed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat bran, beet pulp, hominy or corn meal, cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal, J-2 of 1 per cent salt, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate. Pure Sweetfeed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, soy bean meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, hominy or corn meal, choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal, pure cane molasses, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, 34 of 1% salt. Pure Feed Eggmaker Dried skim milk, bone and meat meal, old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat flour middlings, hominy or corn meal, steamed bone meal, 1% calcium car- bonate, 1% salt. Pure Feed Egg Mash Corn meal, oat flour, wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, leaf alfalfa meal, dried skim milk meat scraps, fish meal, steamed bone meal, 1%, calcium carbonate, ^i% salt. Super Pure Feed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat bran, dried brewers grains, hominy or corn meal, cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal, 2% phosphatic calcium carbonate, J4 of 1% salt. Super Pure Sweetfeed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, soy bean meal, choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal, dried yeast grains, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy or corn meal, pure cane molasses, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, }4 of 1% salt. Wetherbee Grain Co. Wetherbee Laying Mash Wheat bran, wheat midds, corn meal, ground oats, red dog, gluten meal, alfalfa meal, meat scraps, salt. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 39 L. E. Whitaker Stores Co. S. D. Milk Laying Mash Yellow corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground oats, meat scraps, cod fish meal, dried milk, alfalfa meal, steamed bone meal, pure salt. S. D. 20 Dairy Ration Hominy or yellow corn meal, standard bran, standard middlings, ground oats, gluten feed, old process linseed oil meal, cotton seed meal, corn distillers dried grains, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, pure salt. Arthur N. Whittemore & Co. Whittemore's Dry Mash Dried buttermilk, fish meal, corn meal, corn gluten feed, meat scraps, rolled oats, linseed oil meal, wheat bran and wheat midds (with screenings), ground oats. Estate of M. G. Williams Williams' Balanced Ration Corn meal or hominy, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, ground oats, gluten feed, wheat feed, bone meal, and 1% salt. Williams' Dry Mash Wheat bran, middlings, corn meal or hominy, ground oats, beef scraps, linseed oil meal, gluten feed, lime and fine salt. Stanley Wood Grain Co. Bliss Dairy Ration Meal (or hominy), cottonseed meal, wheat bran, linseed, wheat middlings, gluten meal, gluten feed, peanut meal, calcium carbonate, beet pulp. Preferred Laying Mash Pure dried skim milk, dried fish meal, alfalfa leaf meal, beef scraps, yellow corn meal, wheat bran, pulverized oats, wheat middlings, edible bone meal, table salt, calcium carbonate. Wood's Dairy Ration Wheat middlings, malt sprouts, linseed, meal (or hominy), wheat bran, molasses and alfalfa meal, cottonseed meal, oat feed, gluten feed, salt, calcium carbonate. 40 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 Average Analyses and Retail Prices of Unmixed By-Products. Feedstuffs. Year.i Num- ber of Sam- ples. Water (Per Cent) Protein (Per Cent) Fat (Per Cent) Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract (Per Cent) Fiber (Per Cent). Ash (Per Cent) Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Cottonseed Meal Linseed Meal Linseed Meal Linseed Meal Linseed Meal Gluten Meal Gluten Meal Gluten Meal Gluten Meal Gluten Feed Gluten Feed Gluten Feed Gluten Feed Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Standard Middlings Wheat Flour Middlings Wheat Flour Middlings Wheat Flour Middlings Wheat Flour Middlings Red Dog Flour . Red Dog Flour . Red Dog Flour . Red Dog Flour . Wheat Mixed Feed Wheat Mixed Feed Wheat Mixed Feed Wheat Mixed Feed Wheat Bran Wheat Bran Wheat Bran Wheat Bran Rye Feed Rye Feed Rye Feed Rye Feed Corn Meal Corn Meal Corn Meal Corn Meal Ground Oats Ground Oats Ground Oats Ground Oats Hominy Feed Hominy Feed Hominy Feed Hominy Feed Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Dried Beet Pulp Oat Feed Oat Feed Oat Feed . Oat Feed 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 1927 1928 1929 1930 98 76 72 83 24 27 33 44 13 11 15 20 38 45 48 51 47 55 42 37 18 17 21 17 15 11 15 15 70 77 75 55 97 95 4 6 4 3 19 23 40 58 52 48 66 78 47 44 40 52 11 11 18 21 3 4 4 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.4 9.0 9.1 8.6 8.0 9.0 8.7 9.0 8.7 9.4 8.7 8.9 9.7 10.3 9.8 9.6 10.2 10.1 10.0 10.4 10.2 10.9 10.5 10.6 10.9 9.7 9.8 9.7 10.3 10.1 9.8 9.8 9.9 11.8 11.9 12 5 12.8 8.6 8.8 9.6 9.8 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.6 8.6 8.3 8.2 6.7 5.8 6.1 39.2 39.0 38.5 39.2 34.6 35.1 34.3 34.6 42.3 43.6 40.8 41.7 25.7 26.0 26.8 25.7 17.4 17.0 16.3 17.2 17.2 16.3 16.5 16.7 17.6 16.5 16.7 16 5 17.2 16.5 16.1 16.8 16.3 15.7 15.1 16.0 15.1 14.8 15.6 16.5 9.2 9.3 12 1 11.5 11.5 11.1 10.8 10.8 10 5 10.3 9.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 6.5 4.8 5.4 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.8 3.2 3.2 3.3 19 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.2 5 0 4.3 4.2 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.0 2.1 2.8 29.1 30.0 30.2 29.7 37.2 36.8 37.4 37.3 42.2 41.2 42.5 42.6 49.9 49.8 48.5 49.1 55.2 55 4 56 4 55.0 58.4 59.6 59.2 59.8 62.1 64.8 62.5 63.5 56.9 56.5 57.0 56.3 53.1 65.8 64.0 62.9 61.2 71.2 71.0 70 6 70 8 61 1 61.0 60.6 61.9 68.4 66.2 66.6 66.6 57.4 60 1 59 3 60.6 54.3 51.7 51.6 11.2 11.1 11.1 10.6 7.6 8.0 8.2 7.8 1.8 1.9 3.1 2.6 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.7 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.0 2 2 1.7 2 6 2.3 6.6 7.3 7.3 7.0 9.4 10 1 10.7 10.1 2 2 2,4 2.3 2.0 9.7 10.4 10.2 9 7 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 19 3 18.7 19.1 17.6 23.7 29.3 28.8 6.2 6.0 6.4 6.2 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.5 5.2 5.5 6.2 6.1 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.9 2.8 3.7 3 5 3.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 3.5 3.4 3 2 3 1 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 'From September 1 to April 30 of each year. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 41 Directory of Manufacturers Who Registered Feeding Stuffs for Sale in the State in 1930. Alfalfa Products Co., Toppenish, Wash. E. T. Allen Co. P. O. Box 951, Atlanta, Ga. Allied Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. American Maize-Products Co., 100 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. A. P. Ames Co., 10 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., 223 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Associated Farmers E.xchanges, Inc., Northampton, Mass. Atkinson Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. E. W. Bailey & Co., Montpelier, Vt. G. N. Bartemus Co., Concord, N. H. Bay State Milling Co., Winona, Minn. Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Big Diamond Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Black Rock Milling Corp., 356 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. F. W. Brode Corp., 119 Madison Ave., Memphis, Tenn. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Co. of North America) Geo. B. Brown, Ipswich, Mass. C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Buffalo Flour Mills Corp., Buffalo, N. Y. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain & Feed Co., Lynn, Mass. Caledonia Mills, Inc., St. Johnsbury, Vt. California Hawaiian Milling Co., Inc., 330 Ritch St., San Francisco, Calif. Canada Linseed Oil Mills, Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Cannon Valley Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Capital Flour Mills Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. A. B. Caple Co., Station A, Bo.x 27, Toledo, Ohio. Case Commission Co., Jackson, Miss. Center Milk Products Co., Middlebury Center, Penn. Chapin & Co., Hammond, Ind. Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. Coles Co., Middletown, Conn. Collis Products Co., Clinton, Iowa. Commander Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Consolidated Rendering Co., Boston, Mass. Copeland Flour Mills Ltd., Midland, Ontario, Canada. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery Place, New York, N. Y. Nicolas Courcy, 11 Waverly St., Tatxnton, Mass. Cover & Palm Co., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, Mass Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston Mass. (Registered for Lake-of-the-Woods Milling Co., Sherwin- Williams Co. of Canada, Ltd., and Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd.) Crosby Milling Co., Brattleboro, Vt. H. A. Grossman Co., Needham, Mass. (Registered by J. Gushing Co.) Cunningham Grain Co., Maiden, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. (Registered also for H. A. Grossman Co., and Wetherbee Grain Co.) J. Gushing Co., Lexington, Mass. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. (Registered by St. Albans Grain Co.) Dairymen's League Cooperative Assn., Inc., 11 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y. C. C. Davison Milling Corp., Geneva, N. Y. Decatur Milling Co., Decatur, 111. Delaware Mills, Inc., Deposit, N. Y. Denver Alfalfa Milling & Products Co., Lamar, Col. Dewey Bros. Co., Blanchester, Ohio. F. Diehl & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. Dominion Flou- Mills, Ltd., 4394 St. Ambroise St., Montreal, Quebec, Canda. Dominion Linseed Oil Co., Ltd., 837 Mill St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. John C. Dow Co., 200 Broadway Cambridge, Mass. Duluth-Superior Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. Arthur G. Dunn, 82 Wall St., New York, N. Y. J. L. Dunnell & Son, Bernardston, Mass. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers' Cooperative Exchange, Inc., East Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern Grain Co., Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Box 1482, Springfield, Mass. S. T. Edwards & Co., Inc., 110 North Franklin St., Chicago, 111. Michael W. Ellis, 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Elmore Milling Co., Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Empire Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Penn. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Fairchild Milling Co., 1635 Merwin St., Cleveland, Ohio. Fairfield Western Maryland Dairy, Baltimore, Md. Fairmont Creamery Co., Omaha, Nebraska. Frank A. Fales & Co., 119 Railroad Ave., Norwood, Mass. Farmers Feed Co., 532 East 76th St., New York, N. Y. Federal Mill, Inc., Lockport, N. Y. Flory Milling Co., Inc., Bangor, Penn. Fort Schuyler Farms, Inc., 408 Franklin Bldg., Utica, N. Y. 42 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 Fred A. Fountain, 355 Tremont St., Taunton, Mass. Fraser Milk Products Co., Inc., Fraser, N. Y. E. & A. M. Fullerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. W. K. GiL-nore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. Glen Mills Cereal Co., Newburyport, Mass. Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co., Ltd., Gloucester, Mass. D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Hales & Hunter Co., Chicago, 111. Frank B. Ham & Co., Ltd., 1503 Royal Bank Bldg., Toronto 2, Ontario, Canada William Hamilton & Son, Inc., Honeoye Falls, N. Y. Hecker-H-O Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 503 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 297 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. Hershey Creamery Co., Harrisburg, Penn. W. D. Higgins Co., Framingham, Mass. Hinckley Kendering Co., Somerville, Mass. Hirst & Begley Linseed Works, 2013 Mendel St., Chicago, 111. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Gloucester, Mass. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. Home Soap Co., 103 Webster St., Worcester, Mass. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. R. B. Hewlett, Amherst, Mass. George R. Hoyt, Merrimac, Mass. Hubbard Milling Co., Mankato, Minn. Hubinger (^o., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. International Glue Co., East Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Henry .lames & Son, Inc., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. Jaquith & Co., Woburn, Mass. Jersee Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Dan Joseph Co., Columbus, Ga. Judith Milling Co., Lewistown, Mont. Kansas Flour Mills Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek, Mich. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Kellogs & Miller, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. King Midas M 11 Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Kraft-Phenix Cheese Corp., 400 Rush St., Chicago, lU. Chas. A. Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Lake-of-the-Woods Milling Co., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co., and Sheffield Elevator Co.) Land O'Lakes Creameries. Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Larabee Flour Mills Co., Kansas City, Mo. Larrowe Milling Co., Box 68, North End Station, Detroit, Mich. Lincoln Farm Products Corp., 407 East 31st St., New York, N. Y. Louisville Milling Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. (Registered by Washburn Crosby Co., Inc.) L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., North Billerica, Mass. Maney Milling Co., 2963 South 27th Ave., Omaha, Neb. Mann Bros. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Mansfield Milling Co., P. O. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Toronto, Canada. (Registered by Traders Feed & Grain Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y.i Marbleridge Grain Co., North Andover, Mass. Marianna Sales Co.. Memphis, Tenn. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., Lynn, Mass. Marshall Grain Co., Inc., 29 Central St., Salem, Mass. C. J. Martenis Grain Co., L-3 Produce Exchange, New York, N. Y. W. T. McLaughlin Co., West Roxbury, Mass. Mellin's Food Company of North America, 117 State St., Boston, Mass. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston Mass.) ' Memphis Cottonseed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn. Mennel Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. Middleport Flour Mills, Inc., Middleport, N. Y. Midland Flour Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. Miller Ceareal Mills. Omaha, Neb. Milmine, Bodrnan & Co., Inc., 115 Produce Exchange, New York, N. Y. Miner-Hillard Milling Co., Wilkes-Barre, Penn. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. Jas. F. Morse & Co., Ward & Horace Sts., Somerville, Mass. Moseley & Motley Milling Co., Mill St., foot of Brown St., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milling C'o., Mt. Vernon, Ind. Mystic Mills, Sioux City, Iowa. Narragansett Milling Co., East Providence, R. I. National Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio. Nebraska Consolidated Mills Co., 1513 Sherman Ave., Omaha, Neb. New England By-Products Corp., Lawrence, Mass. New England Rendering Co., R. 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. New Richmond Roller Mills Co., New Richmond, Wis. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Carson Sta., Pittsburgh, Penn. Niagara Falls Milling Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Northern Illinois Cereal Co., Lockport, 111. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Nowak Milling Corp., Hammond, Ind. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 43 Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Ontario Milling Co., Inc., Oswego, N. Y. Oswego Milk Products Co., Inc., Mexico, N. Y. Louis E. Page, 469 Rutherford Ave., Boston Mass. (Registered also for Russell & Macaulay). Park & P. Hard Co., 356 Hertel Ave., BuflFalo, N. Y. Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtucket, R. I. Pecos Valley Alfalfa Mill Co., Hagerman, N. M. Penick & Ford, Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Peterborough Cereal Limited, Peterborough, Ont. (Registered from Montreal). Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Linseed Oil Division, Newark, N. J. Postum Co., Iric , Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter Grain Stores, Inc., Greenfield, Mass. Prairie State Milling Co., 4554 Lexington St., Chicago, lill. Pratt Food Co., Hammond, Ind. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills. (Registered by Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo.) Quaker Oats Co., 80 East Jackson St., Chicago, 111. Quisenberry Feed Mfg. Co., 95 Kentucky St., Buffalo, N. Y. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co., Union Stock Yards, Indianapolis, Ind. John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge A, Mass. Red Star Milling Co., Wichita, Kansas. Red Wing Milling Co., Red Wing, Minn. George H. Reed, South Acton, Mass. James Richardson & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Robin Hood Mills Ltd., Moose Jaw and Calgary, Canada. Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. Reuben W. Ropes, 5 Hobart St., Danvers, Mass. N. Roy & Son, 675 Washington St., Attleboro, Mass. Royal Milling Co., Great Falls, Mont. Russell & Macaulay, Sacramento, Cal. (Registered by Louis E. Page). Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Ryde & Co., Chicago, III. Ryther & Warren, Belchertown, Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Schwartz Grain Co., Inc., 2 Broadway, New Ifork, N. Y. John Shea, 201 Lowell St., Lawrence, Ma.ss. Sheffield Elevator Co., Minneapolis, Minn. (Registered for Spillers Canadian Milling Co., Ltd., and Lake-of-the- Woods Milling Co.) Shellabarger Mill & Elevator Co., Sslina, Kansa=. Sherwin Williams Co., 601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. Sherwin Williams Co. of Canada, Ltd., Winnipeg, Man., Canada. (Registered by Chas M. Cox. Co.) Shredded Wheat Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. W. G. Slugg, Milwaukee, Wis. Allen V. Smith, Inc., Marcellus Falls, N. Y. J. H. Smith, 102 Hale Street, Haverhill, Mass. Southwestern Milling Co., Inc., Kansas City, Mo. H. C. Southworth, West Stoughton, Mass. Spillers Canadian Milling Co., Ltd., Calgary, Alta., Canada. (Registered by Sheffield Elevator Co.) Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Mfg. Co., Decatur, 111. Standard Brands, Inc., 2655 West Nineteenth St., Chicago, 111. Star & Crescent Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. State Mill & Elevator, Grand Forks, N. D. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc., Hagerstown, Md. David Stott Flour Mills, Inc., Detroit, Mich. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. Chas. M. Struven & Co., Baltimore, Md. C. H. Symmes, Winchester, Mass. Syracuse Milling Co., Box 1141, Syracuse, N. Y. Tioga-Empire Feed Mills, Inc., Waverly, N Y. Traders Feed & Grain Co., Inc., 736-737 Chamber of Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. (Registered also for Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd.) Jacob Trinley & Sons, Linfield, Penn. Troy Dairy Products Corp., 211 North 8th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Ubiko Milling Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Union Starch & Refining Co., Columbus, Ind. United Co-operative Farmers, Inc., Fitchburg, Mass. United Mills Co., Inc., Grafton, Ohio. Upper Hud.son Rye Flour Mills, Inc., 7-9 Madison St., Troy, N. Y. Vannatter & Co., Ltd., Toronto 2, Ont., Canada. Victor Flour Mills, Inc., Pittsford, N. Y. Vitality Mills, Inc., 166 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III. Ward Dry Milk Co., 2219 Charles St., St. Paul, Minn. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. H. K. Webster Co., Lawrence, Mass. West Bay City Sugar Co., Bay City, Mich. Western Canada Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont., Canada (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) West-Nesbitt, Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Wetherbee Grain Co., Gardner, Mass. (Registered by J. Cashing Co.) L. E. Whitaker Stores Co., South Deerfield, Mass. Arthur N. Whittemore & Co., Worcester, Mass. 44 CONTROL SERIES No. 55 Whittemore Co., 35 Harrison St., Roslindale, Mass Wilkinson Grain Co., Ltd.. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. F.st M G. Williams, Taunton, Mass. WUmington Packing Co., Eames St Wilmington, Mass. Wilson & Co., 4100 South Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. PUBLICATION OF THI.S DOCUMENT APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION ON AdMINKSTRATION AND FINANCE 2,500 - 1-'31. No. 869. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 56 DECEMBER, 1930 Seed Inspection By F. A. McLaughlin This Report, the third in seed control service, is a record of work delegated to the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station during 1930 by the Commissioner of Agriculture who is named in the Act as Administrative Officer (Acts and Resolves of 1927, Chapter 274.) Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to Agricultural Experiment Station Amherst, Mass. Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 2m. 1-'31. No. 872. SEED INSPECTION By F. A. McLaughlini During the period from October 1, 1929, to October 1, 1930, the Seed Labor- atory analyzed for purity or tested for germination, or both, 854 samples of seed, of which 349 were collected by inspectors for the Commissioner of Agri- culture and are termed official seed samples; 390 were received from growers, dealers and farmers; and 115 were sent to the laboratory by the Commissioner of Agriculture of Rhode Island. In addition to the routine analytical work, the Seed Laboratory has continued to cooperate with the Departments of Agronomy and Vegetable Gardening in the conduct of field tests for trueness to type and variety of Red Clover, Sweet Clover, Alfalfa, and Onions. Results of these tests conducted by Professor Miles B. Cubbon of A,gronomy and Professor Grant B. Snyder of Vegetable Gardening are contained in this report. "Vendor" and "Container" defined by Attorney General Public Document No. 12, Report of the Attorney General for the Year Ending November 30, 1929, contains on pages 94 and 95 the following state- ment in reply to a request by Dr. Arthur W. Gilbert, Commissioner of Agri- culture, for opinions relative to the meaning of the words "Vendor" and "Container" as used in the Massachusetts Seed Law. "G. L., c. 94 § § 261A, 261B, 261C and 261E, require that the name and address of the vendor be shown on containers of agricultural seeds or mixtures of agricultural seeds. The question arises as to who the vendor of the agricul- tural seeds is when there has been a sale of such seeds in the Commonwealth. Many of the seeds that are sold have the name and address of the wholesaler on the package, and a large amount of seeds that are sold have the name and address of the wholesaler on the tag fastened to the large container from which the seeds are sold in smaller packages. It is the contention of many of these who have been requested to appear with reference to reported violations of our seed law that the name and address of the wholesaler satisfies the law as to the requirement for the name and address of the vendor of such seeds or mixtures. Your opinion is therefore requested as to who is the vendor in the sale of agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof in the State of Massachusetts. Sections 261A, 261B and 261C indicate that agricultural seeds or mixtures of agricultural seeds shall have affixed thereto in a conspicuous place on the exterior of the container of such seeds or mixtures a plainly written or printed tag or label with a statement in the English language of certain required in- formation. The question has arisen as to the interpretation of the word "container" .... This Department is interested in the interpretation of the word "con- tainer" .... The question of importance, therefore, is whether or not the word "container" refers to the package that is handed over the counter to the vendee in a sale of agricultural seeds or mixtures thereof." G. L., c. 94, as amended by St. 1927, c. 274, § 2, provides: — iThe following have assisted in the inspection: Oliver W. Kelly (resigned July 1, 1930) and Elizabeth F. Hopkins (for the month of July), Seed Analysts: Margaret E. Nagle, Laboratory Assistant, SEED INSPECTION 3 "Section 261 A. Every lot of agricultural seeds of ten pounds or more, except as otherwise provided in sections two hundred and sixty-one B to two hundred and sixty-one L, inclusive, shall have affixed thereto, in a conspicuous place, on the exterior of the container of such agricultural seeds, a plainly written or printed tag or label in the English language, stating: (f) Name and address of the vendor of such agricultural seed." Sections 261B, 261C and 261E, added to G. L., c. 94, by St. 1927, c. 274, § 2, contain similar provisions with reference to the information to be written or printed on the tag or label to be affixed to the container. Section 261L, added to said chapter 94 by the 1927 statute, provides: — "Whoever sells, offers or exposes for sale, any lot of agricultural seeds, without complying with the requirements of sections two hundred and sixty-one A to two hundred and sixty-one K, inclusive, or falsely marks or labels such agri- cultural seeds or mixtures thereof or vegetable seeds, or impedes, obstructs or hinders the commissioner of agriculture or any of his duly authorized agents in the discharge of the authority or duties conferred or imposed by any pro- vision of said sections, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars." G. L., c. 4, § 6, provides: ■ — "In construing statutes the following rules shall be observed, unless their observance would involve a construction inconsistent with the manifest intent of the law-making body or repugnant to the context of the same statute: Third, Words and phrases shall be construed according to the common and approved usage of the language; but technical words and phrases and such others as may have acquired a peculiar and appropriate meaning in law shall be construed and understood according to such meaning." I am of the opinion that the words "container" and "vendor", as used in the statute above quoted, are to be given their ordinary meaning. The word "container" means a package of any description capable of holding the various seeds described in the statute. Said package may be in the form of a box made of wood, tin, cardboard, fibre, etc., or it may consist of a paper bag ordinarily used in retail stores. The word "vendor", as used in said statute, must be construed to mean a person, firm or corporation which actually sells within the Commonwealth the seeds described in the statute. This statute applies equally to producer, wholesaler or distributor and retailer of agricultural seeds if he engages in business in this Commonwealth. The tag or label required to be affixed to the container must have written or printed thereon all of the information required by this statute. This applies to the retailer who sells the seeds within the Commonwealth, notwithstanding the fact that the seeds which he sells may have been put up in packages by the producer, wholesaler or distributor doing business within or without the Commonwealth, and that tags or labels bearing the name and address of such wholesaler, producer or distributor are plainly printed in the English language and affixed to said containers. In other words, the name of the retailer must appear on every package of seeds whether the seeds are contained in packages put up by the producer, wholesaler or distributor or put up in a "paper bag package." This contention is clearly supported by the last paragraph of St. 1927, c. 274, § 2 (G. L., c 94, § 261L). Joseph E. Warner, Attorney General. SEED INSPECTION Purity and Germination Standards — Average of Ten States Massachusetts has no purity or germination standards. Whether or not this is a wise pohcy remains to be seen when the Massachusetts seed regulations have been enforced for a sufficient period of time to draw definite conclusions. The present policy of having no standards is based on the hope that the pro- ducer will continually strive to offer seeds of the best possible quality rather than to meet some definitely established figure which for fairness must be only average. There are, however, many producers and consumers who desire to know what reasonable purity and germination may be expected for various seeds. The following table, which averages the standards of ten different states', has been prepared to supply this information. Field Crops Alfalfa Canada Blue Grass. . Kentucky Blue Grass Alsike Clover Crimson Clover Red Clover Sweet Clover White Clover Field Corn Meadow Fescue Red Fescue Sheep's Fescue Common Millet German Millet Hungarian Millet. . . , Japanese Millet Oats Orchard Grass Field Peas Red Top Rye Perennial Rye Grass. Italian Rye Grass . . . . Timothy Tobacco Purity % 96 88 85 93 97 94 95 93 99 95 94 94 94 94 94 92 98 79 97 90 98 95 95 97 98 Germi- nation % 83 50 50 78 85 85 88 77 92 85 80 80 86 90 73 93 80 90 85 80 Vegetables Asparagus . Beans Beets Cabbage. . Carrot .... Cauliflower Celery .... Sweet Corn Cucumber. Lettuce . . . Melon .... Onion Parsley Parsnip . . . Pumpkin. . Radish .... Spinach . . . Squash. . . . Tomato . . . Turnip .... Germi- nation % 78 90 82 85 75 75 60 80 85 84 84 80 64 62 80 85 75 85 80 85 2 Published in various reports and bulletins of Alabama, Connecticut, Indiana, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee and Virginia. CONTROL SERIES No. 56 5 1930 Official Inspection of Agricultural Seeds Explanation of Tables In these tables the seeds are listed in alphabetical order by groups, each group containing only those seeds, the sale of which is regulated by a definite section of the Massachusetts Seed Law. Section 261-A of the Acts and Resolves of 1927, Chapter 274, defines the group from Alfalfa to Vetch, inclusive; Section 261-B, Mixtures; Section 261-C, Special Mixtures; and Section 261-D, Vegetables. The number preceding each analysis is for identification and reference. The line to the right of the letter "L" gives information copied from the label, that to the right of "F" what was found in the laboratory analysis. Attention is called to certain irregularities by the following: (1) Date of test indicates that tjiis seed was matured and possibily marketed prior to 1929. (2) The "F" percentage of weeds is more than the "L" percentage by an amount exceeding that allowed by tolerance. (3) More noxious weed seeds are present than are allowed by law, unless the number appears on label. (4) The "F" percentage of inert matter is more than the "L" percentage by an amount exceeding that allowed by tolerance. All lots of seed included in this report have been tested according to the Official Rules for Seed Testing established by the Association of Official Seed Analysts. "Tolerance" is applied only to purity. For this application the sample is considered as made up of two component parts: (1) The component being considered, and (2) the balance of the sample. The tolerance in percentage allowed for each component shall be two-tenths of one per cent (0.2%) plus 20% of the lesser of the two parts. CONTROL SERIES No. 56 iH'^ OOlO eOUS NU3 1^ 0£ gT3 OtI" Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi Q^ O C) O O) G> C) 0^0) SEED INSPECTION o o>o 050 0 00 ooo o>o 0 C3 N« NCO CO coco NCO NW *^ * « nS" io?" * 00 Int^ NCO NC^ ■«)< N rt CO 1 * ^ * © 10U5 00 OCJ 1 OU5 1 1 * N t- 00 t- t- 0000 0000 9>00 ojoo looo o JO , « 10 lO 10 1 m 00 CO 1 N 1 IN CO 1 in 00 1 IM 1 0 N 1 CO 00 lO^ o;o 0 —1 ON 0.-1 ON ■* * N ^o -If w rHOO rH(M ^00 i-lrH (^^c^^ NCO 1010 * « N «o ooo o-CT> 00 00 0000 00 00 a>ai o>o> O) (Jfe Jfe Jfe ijfe iJ>, hJfe hjfe ►jfe 'o c .2 '0 ^ tH O o 0 > 73 C/3 CD S c« H ^ _o C VI 11 0 S c IS 0 < ai 0 0 PQ 3 U ^ 0 ft S cfl 3 z x; M z X 12 >> ^ s Z h" o o 2 fe § 0 M 1 0 0 a ■q! o o ■3 0 a S E ca J3 ca d" 0 d 6 O CO o w Z 1 6 0 1 0 Z^ OS M „ m 6 - c 0 i 3 0 «^ ZEf <-« a 0 1 0^1 On 2 Q60 t- co c. 0 0 w 0 a in 0 -« Wm-5 ai rt H a,W 2 01 0 Z ca Zc go 0 OS Wi5 2 < ;3 OJ 3 0 OJ 0 OJ *3 O OQ 5« 0 1^ =io =15 O W W K W a< ^ < Q H H a H lo tr- t- N w CO ee CO 05 N 00 la T-i 7 N N 00 Oi 1 o 4. N 00 4< C^ CO 0 T' lO Tl t- 0 (M 00 0 w CO "^ 1 o S aw >.2 |o 0) ? ?> ^ CONTROL SERIES No. 56 ■2 -S OSO 0 0 000 «o 00 00 00 0 N W CO .. CO Neo Neo coco COCO coco V « 5°^ ^ ^ * * ^-- * *-- 0-* ?■ c- ^^t^ N?" eot- ^ t- ???■ T)l 10 ^DCO ^ t- rHlO t-CO ccoo t- Tl" 0 t- 1 1 1 1 1 1 i-r 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 o (s «OlO od> OOM NOO 10 10 0010 00-* 000 N O c 00 00 0> V 00 00 00 u> 00 1- 0000 0000 OS 00 t- T3 OlO t- 10 t- «0 CO 00 t- ■* 00^ 1 t- 1 M 1 -; 1 10 1 OS 1 CO 1 !i< f_4 CO \a N S^£^ N'* 1 10 1 (M 1 CO 1 ■>* 1 t- 1 0 1 0 1 ^ "S "^13 ■*N in t- 00 ON Tf 05 00-* OrH ■* |r coio ■^t- com o»o U5C0 CON ^co 10 Tt * ^ eoto 10 ■* 10 CO oa> ocs U3tj< touf ot- 0 oj-a ioa> OOi NO rH •>* o;o rtO r-IN i-oo tC 3 01 e^ 00 t> t> to t-'t> t> to cot- *oi PhW o>as 0 05 <3iO> OSOi OlOS OS OS OS OS 05 05 OS d.f^ d!^- Jfe hJ&^_ df^- Jfe dK Jfe dfe 3 J3 T3 OJ D 9; M § w "o ■M W 2 0) E "S 3 Q •s H=3 c « Q — "3 B O O 1 O < u Mi •a ■3 tn 'E 0. M oT ■- M c CD 1 JA 2 s C 0 0 M >^" IS < 0 u 0 M 0 w d 0 c 0 ca e 0 1 m < 0 0 0 1 m d 0) d' 3 m >^" §^ c 0 0. s M 0 z c 1 w c ir ■3 1 1 d ■£ a) PQ ■0 •c 0 +^ [/I 1 d (4 0 a a! 1 bo m I- ^^ «3 >. 1 "3 d 0 ■5 0 s CS A tn s :? a 5 a a -0 ,Z 0 o •7-S 01 E tn 0 >. d-S 01 • a > c 4J 0 0 Mt. S 0 ■r- "> MOg •< a, 0 11^ 0) 0) ^1 % 0 - i 0- A 12^ Ja(^ jxt: H-SH H •SH •sn^ •s< w< a< ^ < < .< w H H z w c- T)" CO 1-1 CO 00 T)" OS oc ■<1< N T(l U5 us C\ C > *" SEED INSPECTION o»o o 05O o oo o OO *2l coco *Si coco NCO coco tHIO rHUS COlO U5 0>(D Jt f-H NCO ■* IM COM ;d c- lOOO «5 ■HO (MIM Tf-V a> Oit- CO OJOJ ojoo 00 00 1 1 1 O 05 eg 1 ,s 1 1 1 1 1 1 ON ooo (M lO 1 , S , S! CO-* O o O 1 N 1 t- lOM ■*rH IMO o IN-* too OIM -* o-q< * "^ * w ^CO Ot1< oo OCO OU3 05 05 OCO o-* OCO O5 00 OOO t-00 0^O5 aoi iJfe tJfe Jfe J&i <1 d, o o o rjco o2 ° !:?■* a QMg _ o ^ CO > 0) Z §3 Q) E-i o o Q w m GO o g o He'-' 1^ (So E S 3~ o c - .2 •On .Sfl ^5 3j Oj 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 ■2^-S oo 00 00© 0 OSO 0 OSO cow COM Neo ^ '=^ NCO CO NOO ft O V Q H ^..^-.. * ^ ■)f eo»o rt^ NIO 10 OlO 0 Nt- 1 1 to * 1 1 1 * U3 1 t-co 1 1 9> 3! OS OSiH to 00 1- t- 00 00 fr4 QJ ooo 00 00 00 co coco 5a^ t-o 1 0 10 rH 1 1 0 1 1 10 CON O o O »H 4-3 OJ ooo 0 0!0 N 000 OS NO •"TN 1 IM 10 CO 1 (M NN 1 CO NN -S "S-o OO OIM ON 0 CO 00 10 loco 7-lO> 10 ifl U5 05 * «i 00 * t- Ni-l WIN 0 0 ON 00 OON CO OrH 0) s>o> 01 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS (Jfo hj&; d^ jjfo d"^ (J&; 3fa 3 2 3 0 TS C9 0) (1) cd m ^ s s ■B 0 o 01 3 >H .2 12" 2 T3 3) C O 2; 0 c tC bO 0 -s^ 3 O _o- 0 Q. >^ a 2 '^ Ho " 0) PO-a * c o O 1 Pi a > o u Q M CIS 1 S '■5 c .2 2 ■4! ■3 ia 3 cq >^ Z < 111 0 0 Q H H m 2 "a! cc ^^ 3 0 > 0 0 H 60 0 .J 0 H 0 0) 0 Z < X 0 1q 'S o 3 t/T 0 a B 0 a E 0 2; t. c 0 CO E "o K 6 0 i 5 2: o i 0 k 6 s 01 ^J3 >7.2 rt h|1 5 a, « OJ 0 . c 0 E c< 01 0 >, '"o S tf (2 a o WO +^ 0 0) Lm ta.-S . 0 b> r 0) 0 eg H S _- ^ S E Hot 0 (J tn'- a Hj: C3 be < a E 2: Oi 3 .2<1 Ht> ofc S^^ .« ■0 . K H;atf z ^ H W Q w 00 OS •* 00 cc to •>* c •S o >-i N •-' « '-' ^^ 1 1 ^ •* 00 ,.. CO o N la CO N "" '" "" SEED INSPECTION 11 oo ©o ©o coco coco coco tHtJI rH-* ei W P)^ ©oo ©-H Tjit- ON O© ©.-I ©© OlO ©© ©05 oo ©-"t oo OOJ ©o 00 o ©0> 00 O) O^ © Cb Cd i2^ 9 0) o o - »« o 9 VT3 : a Jfe ijfa l^l^ ^JIx^ iJfo iJb hJ(^ t^f^ •& EO at ^ 4) cwmm H u OS Eh HH W ow 4) ^ S»5 o o o « m o rt C^ rt 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 .H50 NtD o© o© CO CO CO CO E.2, !/5 Q (id «! -- aW O o fe >.§. Pa M ■So ©•* '-IN ON tCC- con ©CO h3P^ hJI^ iJ[^ « z"2 StsJ 6 W y a 2| CQ o In I m 3 d 1^0 0) d fc=a s=3 5 > QJHW >. ^ >. to 5 w z o Q W W •z "2 Jl,d 72 O >> z SEED INSPECTION 13 OSO oo o 00© ooo ©© o© 00© oc© NCO (M» INC- rH t- eot- coc- rtTC (Nt- CO "3 ■*■* US 00 ©(M ©N ©os ©IM ^~* OS 00 OS 00 OS 00 OJOO 00 0 1 ^ ©.H o t- Tjlt- ©Ttl 00© * ^ * «^ lO-^ rtN i-HCO ©N 00 00 OTti «D t- ^__^ U5 00 00 CO Ort ©OS 00 to rHCO ■*«o Tft- oqiM OI> 00 00 OS OS * 00 00 00 00 OS OS OS osoo o> OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS o g S M o p §1 i-)b h^lb^ i^pL, ^|k^ PL, Oto_ M •* O — a go tf .O Ow CI Q— « «S • MP! ?» HQ o go 8- -s" . ffo^ en" ;z; c- o t- „- OT 6 o do Z^w Zw 03 S S 2 Ssi- so Zri? Z| m oipH I^Og 02; «5^ El ' 2 a •? - HI hJ X - m ti 0) 0 _aj * V ai j3 J3 1 W H 0 z 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 Q-H «t- .-I Tl< O t- NtC * to S.2 ^ wo * to O lOO lOt- CO CO CO ^ OtO NOO laco 00 NN rHrH ©>-i Nco 00 0000 t-io woo 00 0-* aiO> 0)O) Oid CO-* ©ii Ho .a ijfe h4l^ H^IP^ hJEci 1-3^ i-:||i< iJP^ iJCh ,« 0 >H & <0 z 0 g] fc 3 0 >- 2; 2 B A J3 CIS ■B ^ 3 0 M 0 :(1h h r ■g 0 M U M 5 ^ "3 K to -t^ « c O 7 SEED INSPECTION 15 SiS Mo

    00 00 05 0S 00 CO 005 03 00 00 03 05 00 010 IMN OiCTi 00 oco ^00 (MO 1000 03 OJ OtJI 00 00 03 03 03 db dfe- dfe. dfe dfe db dfe. db db an Ho an, fflT) ^Q pa o a> H-affi 3 o ■=3 : & ia : s a • c3 o l« o.>> 03 or o a) n °r-; w o -u 00 _s 03 b! copq ft ii -^^ OS- ^ 0)0 C3 >- S i I o m2 g c 6 m 0) (M ^ I I (M rt SEED INSPECTION 17 o 050 oo 05 O O 05 o oo 03 cjco coco (M CO CO Mco coco * ^ to «2 CO«D 050 CO (M CO coco * N N-y< ^00 t> t> IMiO ION coio 00 O5 00 a>oc 00 CO O5 00 0J05 OiOi O 00 (Mt- t- CD OJ 1 1 1 1 o 1-IO 1 o 1 O 1 o OJ 00 o OlTf CD CD o 1 00 1 O 1 --I rt (N 1 1 IM IT ino5 CON lO CO «g imn * ' c si oo OO OO O cfl oo L4 H 'h o HON in CO t-ICO looo OCD o U5CX) LO I> tct> U5C- CD t- CD CD * o^ Oi05 OiQ^ 0105 05 05 05 05 05oi en OOi OlO, 03 05 OJCJ5 05 05 IJ^'Jt (JPh ^ fa Jfa (jfa (Jfa (Jfa Jfa .2 'o a o 1 1 tc bn Q. 3 o C4 3 0) bo as M s J3 n 3 01 < T3 "3 o 2 c o o PQ (8 CS 0) Oi S J2 O o >• o CtJ < * ^ S fe O Z o 0 a; O H § w bO <1 a PQ 1 a o +-> o PQ -X. OS "1 i/3 Si 81 O 13 o o o w g M o Q E- T3 1 d 1 OS 03 cc c IG 0 t-H i o m c 2 o 0) (2 H E-i w 4. C o O a m o X W 0) a fa 1 3 m fa % O O o w p o M d O d o i2 Q) a w < fa O O « a o o P9 d t O 1 o pq d 01 1^ ^1 'a o %r% f^ o o J3 1^" H 2 s S| ^ i|s W^ p < H ffiEH KH OH tf H H H H W O ■^ o c o CO in cc t- t> CO o> ■-1 lO (M CO Cvl ^ en to U5 J 00 1 00 u « t- OC o ■" "" M a cc 1 3 S O 0) fa& ?,W T3 c :; r! fa o CS £5 O CS > - >^ ■$. - m r/) fi (P o J3 •M ^^ ■X- a> 0) J3X! 1 w H O ^ 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 Q"H oo ooo oco OO oo oc N CO am coco COOT — ( CO t>?" inoc tr> a>co Oi 7 1 1-* 'H IM 05 Tf ■* TJIO o TPOO o 000 a XlC- t- t>in 05 t>oo 05 CJSt> in o t- in o OS M ■q< CO o 1 IM o 0 in '^ in Oi in t- in 05 * o CO IN CD 1 in in (M CO c CO ^ CO o (N CD 1-1 t- 00 OlO m COO CO m coco Ol o 050 05 o 0>(N in o in CO O CO w 05 05 00 o 00 00 CO Nin 00 coin 00 t-OJ en t- coo o CO t>co ,^ IM o> OJ 05 a> o 05 O) OOi-H 05 00 C-.H 05 05 0j , fefa t. bfe. n "o fl t-^ o tag d _o CS la c w U .2 2 ta ^ ■3 >- c "3 cC ^ z c H < ^ c o o OS o >. d 00 CD 'S o 3 ■z o* c O o c o * a 6 0 '>i U =3 o o Si C '3 O < 'Z 0 0 =3 a 'a 0 J3 0 s H 73 l> m B2 O Cm 1 C 2»j E^ 1 Z ^ a; C o H T3 4 >H 0 ^ < « H 2 o N CO t- OS CO o a ▼-< ^ 0 lO oc 3 oc CO CO o '^ rH T30 IBS §■? 4^ CO 0 a> 20 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 C =3^ OJ-O §^ toPli f-, U) CI « . ca o S2;g 5 '-" .2 "3 •S.2 (MOO) com i03 O "I" 3 1= rt=3 osg 2-d o ■'-' 0) O _ 0) 01 o .5 com Tf 1-100 ^H 3 gH 3^ S ffl '2x1 cMts c g S-a 0 O SEED INSPECTION 21 2S oc5 .-icoc-OJ o ;o i c sS .0' 2 « M iS ■^ CDC- coo 00^00 CO rH 5^ o „> o 0) to (U O rt ' S'-^ \^ a)T3 gm MT3 fl-g c cH M 2 <2 •?P5>: tfu « 3 O 3 =« o o oo o S-t^^ O - o o .Oh ca cS o 7323 Qj oj o _ a>^ OJ o * >>+j .(^ OMiOSOii-H a>>o,-( cg(M M p. M 3 01 S a! P o o o K^ja t3 m 3 (U T3_aj iJ . 22 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 ^S5 3 .s a o O W3 «< H 1^ U 2 o . a>CL-- t- .43 WO c 3 O M q£ "^5 'S O a o X w w fun a t-o>tomt- - s 10 10 05 t-M 01 (V Qj-d Mj= fl-o ca-a^2 o 3 So* m-a cc Ma's =3 -ti „-^ -S o 0) E a^^E-i S'S O »- QJ -M M c! S 2 "X C 3-3 C O) ■^Ct/jaJOdiOjs w P5 CO ^ tc ^ "^ OONCi 1-1 1- t>00 Tl0 U <0 05 s« S 2 <" P 0005 Tf MO '-0 00 T-i 10 (N fe -a "-^ o o c3 ja to o o x; CQ >-i' 2 S S . M S c °^ 3g; [t, _£< •S^ 3 ° 0) 0) "O C S ° c 3 0 0 ifl : S •rt ,^ cfl R fi 3 ' ' ^ s 13 tn ■c a> 0 h3 . fe.2 (11 I- or =6 * ss s . O « J -o -a -c ,° " (1h m J fe ►J fa ■ t-«; o;£>cD * ^ — £ fe-gfa 3H o « M SEED INSPECTION 25 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation Month of Test 1930 BEANS JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Six Weeks Beans, 7402 (P. Sure Crop Beans, 7435 (F THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Bush Lima Beans (F. The O. B. Parks Co., Westfield Pole Lima Beans .' (F The O. B. Parks Co., Westfield Six Weeks Beans, 100-29 (F. Sure Crop B. Wax Beans, 91-29 (F. R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Imp. Six Weeks Beans, 46/4 (F. Sure Crop Stringless Wax Beans, 20/16 (F. THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Sure Crop Beans, A. S. G. Co., OV (F. Bountiful Beans, L. S. Co., OV. .(F. LEONARD SEED COMPANY, Chicago, Illinois Long Yellow Six Weeks Beans (F. Morris A. Cohen, Springfield PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Bountiful Six Weeks Beans, 3C3C (F. Sure Crop Stringless Wax Beans, 994C (F. JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Burpee's Stringless Green Pod Beans (F. Frank, The Seedman, Springfield ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts Kentucky Wonder Beans (F. Arthur W. Baldwin Co., West Stockbridge S. D. WOODRUFF & SONS, Orange, Connecticut Henderson's Bush Lima Beans (F. Franklin Hardware Co., Springfield BEETS CHAS. C. HART SEED COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Crosby's Egyptian Beet (F. Wilson Hardware Co., Holyoke NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Edmond's Imp. Blood Turnip Beet (F. P. J. Vrabel, Adams JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Crosby's Dark Red Egyptian Beet (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke STUMPP & WALTER COMPANY, New York, New York Detroit Dark Red Beet (F. (Retailer's name not known) S. D. WOODRUFF & SONS, Orange, Connecticut Detroit Dark Red Beet (F. Holyoke Farm Machinery Co., Holyoke 87 May 99 May 87 May 91 May 95 May 89 May 98 May 90 May 90 May 100 May 86 92 89 80 80 May 86 May 100 May 92 May 95 May 87 May May May May May May 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Lab. No. Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation Month of Test 1930 229 232 230 231 254 255 256 183 184 182 316 317 318 170 200 199 201 42 235 233 234 15 258 257 259 180 181 CABBAGE JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Copenhagen MKT, 2789 (F. Danish Ball Head Cabbage, 7367 (F Golden Acre Cabbage, 6295 (F. Succession Cabbage, 1360 (F THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Copenhagen Cabbage, 12-28 (F Danish Ball Head Cabbage, 167-28 (F Golden Acre Cabbage, 107-28 (F R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Copenhagen Cabbage MKT, 120/12 (F Danish Ball Head Cabbage, 128/7 (F Golden Acre Cabbage, 119/2 (F, THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Copenhagen MKT Cabbage, Hanson OV (F, Danish Ball Head Cabbage, Hanson (F. Golden Acre Cabbage, Hanson (F, NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Premium Late Flat Dutch Cabbage (F P. J. Vrabel, Adams PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Copenhagen Cabbage, 1758H (F Danish Ball Head Cabbage, 1620D (F Succession Cabbage, 1673M (F. CARROTS AMERICAN SEED COMPANY, Detroit, Michigan Guerande Carrot (F. J. G. McCrory Co., Holyoke JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Chantenay Carrot, 61-17 (F. Danvers Half Long Carrot, 6111 .. ■. (F. Hutchinson Carrot, 4107 (F COMSTOCK-FERRE & COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Imp. Danvers Half Long Carrot (F Foster-Farrar Co., Northampton THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Chantenay Carrot, 140-28 (F. Danvers Half Long Carrot, 23-28 (F. Hutchinson Carrot, 107-28 (F. R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Chantenay Carrot, 149/11 (F. Danvers Half Long Carrot, 150/2 (F. 86 May 82 May 53 May 75 May 66 May 77 May 84 May 91 May 72 May 64 May 95 May 73 May 61 May 83 79 85 52 87 80 73 May May May May May-Get. May May May April 56 May 49 May 59 May 60 May 68 May SEED INSPECTION 27 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation % Month of Test 1930 CARROTS — Continued THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Chantenay Carrot, Morse (F Danvers Half Long Carrot, Morse (F Hutchinson Carrot, A.S.G. Co (F BUDD D. HAWKINS, Reading, Vermont Budd's Early Chantenay Carrot (F Franklin Hardware Co., Springfield Budd's Early Chantenay Carrot (F. Chapin & Clark, West Springfield NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Chantenay Carrot (F P. J. Vrabel, Adams PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Chantenay Carrot (F. Danvers Half Long Carrot, 2064M (F. Hutchinson Carrot (F JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Half Long Carrot (F. J. A. Sullivan & Co., Northampton STUMPP & WALTER COMPANY. New York, New York Chantenay Carrot (F. (Retailer's name not known) CAULIFLOWER AMERICAN EED COMPANY, Detroit, Michigan Early Snowbal Cauliflower . . . (F. S. S. Kresgt Co., Springfield JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Cauliflower (F. J. A. Sullivan & Co., Northampton Henderson's Early Snowball Cauliflower (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts Early London Cauliflower (F. Auburn Hardware Co., Springfield CELERY JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Boston Market Celery, 6125 (F Easy Blanching Celery, 2771 (F Giant Pascal Celery, 1682 (F. Golden Plume Celery, 4304 (F, THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Market Celery, 112-29 (F. Giant Pascal Celery, 140-28 (F. Golden Self-Blanching Celery (F. White Plume Celery, 140-28 (F. 66 May 64 May 67 May 60 May 60 May 49 57 63 78 78 62 May May May May May May May April May May 50 May 30 May 55 May 46 May 69 May 60 May 7 May 93 May 28 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation % Month of Test 1930 CELERY — Continued R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Market Celery, 173/8 (F. Easy Blanching Celery, 169/8 (F. Giant Pascal Celery, 168/4 (F. White Plume Celery, 170/9 (F. THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Market Celery, Wyman (F. Easy Blanching Celery, Morse (F Giant Pascal Celery, Wyman (F Golden Plume Celery, Morse (F NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Golden Self-Blanching Celery (F F. W. Woolworth Co., Holyoke PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Market Celery, 2232W (F. Easy Blanching Celery, 2344M (F. Giant Pascal Celery, 2323F (F, JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Dwarf Golden Self-Blanching Celery (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke SWEET CORN JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Golden Bantam Sweet Corn, 7210 (F. Golden Sunshine Sweet Corn, 6435. . . .(F COMSTOCK-FERRE & COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Whipple's Yellow Sweet Corn (F. Carlisle Hardware Co., Springfield THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Golden Bantam Sweet Corn, 100-29 (F. Sunrise Sweet Corn, 160-29 (F. R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Golden Bantam Sweet Corn, 206/15 (F. Golden Nugget Sweet Corn, 209/11 (F. THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Golden Bantam Sweet Corn, A.S.G. Co (F. Golden Sunshine Sweet Corn, Rice (F. CHAS. C. HART SEED COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Bantam Evergreen Sweet Corn (F. F. H. Turner & Co., Gt. Barrington Golden Bantam Sweet Corn (F. J. Russell & Co., Inc., Holyoke Golden Bantam Sweet Corn (F. F. H. Turner & Co., Gt. Barrington Stowell's Evergreen Sweet Corn (F. J. Russell & Co., Inc., Holyoke 55 May 74 May 48 May 58 May 57 May 88 May 69 May 87 May 68 86 82 43 70 77 94 May May May May May May May May 82 May 91 May 87 May 60 May 90 May 73 May 73 May 90 May 86 May 83 May SEED INSPECTION 29 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected SWEET CORN — Continued CHAS. C. HART SEED COMPANY— Continued Stowell's Evergreen Sweet Corn (F. F. H. Turner & Co., Gt. Barrington Whipple's Early Yellow Sweet Corn (F. J. Russell & Co., Inc., Holyoke LEONARD SEED COMPANY, Chicago, Illinois Golden Hammer Sweet Corn, New (F. Frank, The Seedman, Springfield PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Golden Bantam Sweet Corn, 2595C.F (F, Golden Sunshine Sweet Corn, 2394C. F (F JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Bantam Evergreen Sweet Corn (F Frank, the Seedman, Springfield Golden Bantam Sweet Corn (F. Frank, The Seedman, Springfield ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts Golden Bantam Sweet Corn (F. Arthur W. Baldwin Co., West Stockbridge Stowell's Evergreen Sweet Corn (F Arthur W. Baldwin Co., West Stockbridge F. H. WOODRUFF & SONS, Milford, Connecticut Golden Bantam Sweet Corn (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke Golden Bantam Sweet Corn (F Geo. Methe & Co., Springfield S. D. WOODRUFF & SONS, Orange, Connecticut Bantam Evergreen Sweet Corn (F, Holyoke Farm Machinery Co., Holyoke Stowell's Evergreen Corn (p. Franklin Hardware Co., Springfield CRESS BUDD D. HAWKINS, Reading, Vermont Curled Cress Franklin Hardware Co., Springfield .(F. CUCUMBER FREDONIA SEED COMPANY, Fredonia, New York Early White Spine Cucumber (F. Chapin & Clark, West Springfield BUDD D. HAWKINS, Reading, Vermont Imp. Long Green Cucumber (F. Franklin Hardware Co., Springfield NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Boston Pickling Cucumber (F, F. W. Woolworth Co., Holyoke Boston Pickling Cucumber (F, P. J. Vrabel, Adams JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York White Spine Cucumber (F J. A. Sullivan & Co., Northampton Germi- nation 67 77 90 Month of Test 1930 May May May 84 May 90 May 86 May 70 May 97 May 86 May 89 May • 84 May 78 May 15 May-Sept May 67 May 87 May 83 May 89 May May 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation Month of Test 1930 LETTUCE AMERICAN SEED COMPANY, Detroit, Michigan Early Prize Head Lettuce (F. J. G. McCrory Co., Holyoke JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Big Boston Lettuce, 7006 (F. B. S. Tennis Ball Lettuce, 7169 (F May King Lettuce, 7116x (F New York Lettuce (F, THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Big Boston Lettuce, 48-28 (F, B. S. Tennis Ball Lettuce, 77-28 (F Iceberg Lettuce (F May King Lettuce, 140-28 (F, New York Lettuce, 182-29 (F Salamander Lettuce, 140-28 (F. R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Big Boston Lettuce, 292/6 (F B. S. Tennis Ball Lettuce, 289/19 (F. May King Lettuce (F. New York Lettuce, 299/5 (F. FREDONIA SEED COMPANY, Fredonia, New York Black Seeded Simpson Lettuce (F. Chapin & Clark, West Springfield THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Big Boston Lettuce, Morse (F. B. S. Tennis Ball Lettuce, Morse (F. May King I^ettuce, Morse (F. New York Lettuce, Morse (F BUDD D. HAWKINS, Reading, Vermont Early Prize Head Lettuce (F Chapin & Clark, West Springfield NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Prize Head Lettuce (F F. W. Woolworth Co., Holyoke PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Big Boston Lettuce, 3360M (F B. S. Tennis Ball Lettuce, 2652M (F May King Lettuce, 3617M (F New York Lettuce, 3603M (F. JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Improved Hanson Lettuce (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke Tennis Ball Lettuce (F J. A. Sullivan & Co., Northampton 75 75 92 8H May-Oct. 59 May 89 May 61 May 93 May 70 May 98 May 97 May 96 May 98 May 92 May 51 May 96 May 95 May 99 May May 82 May 90 May 93 May 99 May May May 57 May 97 May 92 May 96 May 70 May 89 April SEED INSPECTION 31 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Lab. No. Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation % Month of Test 1930 106 167 39 32 48 34 288 290 289 295 298 299 221 222 332 334 333 68 112 LETTUCE — Continued ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts Paris White Cos Lettuce (F Auburn Hardware Co., Springfield STUMPP & WALTER COMPANY, New York, New York Big Boston Lettuce (F (Retailer's name not known) MUSKMELON JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Osage Muskmelon (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke PARSLEY JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Moss Curled Parsley (F J. A. Sullivan & Co., Northampton PARSNIP COMSTOCK-FERRE & COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Long Smooth or Sugar Parsnip (F Foster-Farrar Company, Northampton CHAS. C. HART SEED COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Hollow Crown Parsnip (F. Wilson Hardware Co., Holyoke JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Long White Dutch Parsnip (F. Osborne Hardware Co., Holyoke PEAS JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Gradus Peas, 7193 (F. Sutton's Peas, 7456 (F Telephone Peas (F. THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Gradus Peas, 15-28 (F. Sutton's Excelsior Peas, 15-29 (F. Telephone Peas, 91-29 (F. R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Gradus Peas, 434/10 (F. Telephone Peas, 448/19 (F, THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Blue Bantam Peas, A.S.G. Co (F. Gradus Peas, A.S.G. Co (F. Telephone Peas, A.S.G. Co (F. LEONARD SEED COMPANY, Chicago, lUinois Blue Bantam Peas (F. Carlisle Hardware Co., Springfield. McLean's Little Gem Peas (F. Morris A. Cohen, Springfield 92 87 92 May May May May May May May 90 May 92 May 87 May 98 May 98 May 82 May 95 May 87 May 81 May 86 May 85 May 88 May 73 May 32 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Lab. No. Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation % Month of Test 1930 161 40 93 47 108 95 247 246 245 244 14 270 273 274 272 PEAS — Continued JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Telephone Peas (F J. A. Sullivan Co., Northampton ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts Gradus Peas (F Arthur W. Baldwin Co., West Stockbridge PEPPER AMERICAN SEED COMPANY, Detroit, Michigan Large BeU Pepper (F, S. S. Kresge Co., Springfield COMSTOCK-FERRE & COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Large Sweet Mountain Pepper (F. Foster-Farrar Co., Northampton RADISH AMERICAN SEED COMPANY, Detroit, Michigan Early Scarlet Globe Radish (F, J. G. McCrory Co., Holyoke FREDONIA SEED COMPANY, Fredonia, New York Long White Icicle Radish (F. Chapin & Clark, West Springfield CHAS. C. HART SEED COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Early Scarlet White Tipped Radish (F. Wilson Hardware Co., Holyoke ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts Early Round Scarlet Radish (F. Auburn Hardware Co., Springfield RUTABAGA BUDD D. HAWKINS, Reading, Vermont Rutabaga (F, Chapin & Clark, West Springfield SPINACH JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Giant Round Thick Leaf Spinach, 7445 (F. King of Denmark Spinach, 7260 (F. Princess Juliana Spinach, 6436 (F. Savoy Spinach, 7057 (F. COMSTOCK-FERRE & COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut Savoy Leaved Spinach (F. Foster-Farrar Co., Northampton THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Bloomsdale Spinach, 12-29 (F. King of Denmark Spinach, 163-29 (F. Princess Juliana Spinach (F. Round Thick Leaf Spinach, 12-29 ( F. 90 29 80 68 86 95 86 79 53 May May May-Oct. April May-Oct. May May May May May May May May April 81 May 78 May 89 May 81 May SEED INSPECTION 33 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Continued VEGETABLES — Continued Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation Month of Test 1930 SPINACH — Continued R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts King of Denmark Spinach, 548/3 (F. Princess Juliana Spinach, 553/2 (F. Round Thick Leaf Spinach, 551/9 (F. Savoy Leaved Spinach, 554/15 (F THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Bloomsdale Spinach, Z.D.W (F. King of Denmark Spinach, Z.D.W (F Princess Juliana Spinach, Z.D.W (F. Round Thick I^af Spinach, Z.D.W (F. PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Giant Thick Leaf Spinach, 6131 Z.W (F. King of Denmark Spinach, 6104 S (F. Princess Juliana Spinach (F SPINACH, NEW ZEALAND JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts New Zealand Spinach, 7153 (F THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts New Zealand Spinach, 12-29 (F R. & J FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts New Zealand Spinach, 556/5 (F. THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts New Zealand Spinach, A. S. G. Co. . (P. CHAS. C. HART SEED COMPANY, Wethersfield, Connecticut New Zealand Spinach (F. Wilson Hardware Co., Holyoke PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts New Zealand Spinach, 6130 SB (F. SQUASH JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Hubbard Squash, 7314 (F. THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY. Boston, Massachusetts Imp. Hubbard Squash, 11-26 (F, R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Green Hubbard Squash, 537/16 (F. THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Hubbard Squash, A S. G. Co (F. PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Hutbard Squash, 4412C (F. TOMATO AMERICAN SEED COMPANY, Detroit, Michigan Early Acme Tomato J. G. McCrory Co., Holyoke 88 May 82 May 65 May 88 May 85 May 81 May 27 May 33 May 89 May 93 May 82 May 39 May 66 May 24 May 39 May 35 May May 'M May 76 May 35 May 94 May 86 May .(F. May 34 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 1930 OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS— Concluded VEGETABLES — Concluded Lab. No. Wholesale Distributor, Kind of Seed and Variety, Dealer when other than Wholesale Distributor, and Place Collected Germi- nation % Month of Test 1930 78 172 31 249 275 198 341 216 30 109 59 TOMATO — Continued BUDD D. HAWKINS, Reading, Vermont Budd's Selected Sparks Earliana Tomato (F. Franklin Hardware Co., Springfield NORTHRUP, KING & COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minnesota Yellow Pear Tomato (F P. J. Vrabel, Adams JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York Dwarf Stone Tomato (F, J. A. Sullivan Co., Northampton TURNIP JOSEPH BRECK & SONS CORP., Boston, Massachusetts Purple Top Strap Leaf Turnip, 1993 (F. THOMAS W. EMERSON COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Purple Top Strap Leaf Turnip, 41-28 (F R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY. Boston, Massachusetts Purple Top White Flat Strap Leaf Turnip, 600/4 (F. THOMAS J. GREY COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Purple Top Strap Leaf Turnip, Johnson Eng (F. PERRY SEED COMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts Purple Top Strap Leaf Turnip, 7069 C. T (F. JEROME B. RICE SEED COMPANY, Cambridge, New York White Swede Turnip (F, J. A. Sullivan Co., Northampton ROSS BROS. COMPANY, Worcester, Massachusetts L. I. Improved Turnip (F. Auburn Hardware Co., Springfield S. D. WOODRUFF & SONS, Orange, Connecticut White Egg Turnip (F. Holyoke Farm Machinery Co., Holyoke 75 83 May May May 81 May 78 May 87 May 92 May 42 May 38 May 73 May 96 May SEED INSPECTION 35 Type and Variety Studies of Onions, 1930 Conducted in Conjunction with the Department of Vegetable Gardening, M. A. C. The field trials of onion varieties and strains included 42 named sorts from 47 sources, or 132 varieties and strains of varieties. The seed was purchased in every case from the seed firm or grower. In conducting the trials an effort was made to maintain as uniform conditions as possible for all the samples used, including soil type, fertilization, planting distances, rate of seeding, thinning, cultivation and harvesting. Comparisons of strains of a given variety and various varieties one with another were fairly made. The purpose of the trials was to evaluate each variety or strain from the viewpoint of trueness to type. In making the observations, however, such other factors were noted as a comparison of laboratory seed germination tests with the germination in the field, and size of seed and its effect on germination. In general the samples included were fairly true for the sort designated by the seedsman. Some of the lots showed weak germination both in the labora- tory and in the field. There was some indication of variations in shape and color in the Danvers types away from that commonly considered ideal. Possi- bly the most pronounced deviation, however, was the prominence of mixtures — red and white bulbs in the yellow lots — from a few sources. The results are given in detail in the following table. Explanation of the Table Germination. — In some cases the samples of seed purchased were too small to allow for laboratory germination tests. Seedling Growth. — Observations were made at weekly intervals over a period of six weeks on the vigor of the seedling plants. These observations were then condensed to denote the type of growth during the entire establish- ment stage of the plants in each lot. In the terminology used, "poor" means very slow, weak growth; "fair" indicates slow plant establishment; and "good" designates strong, vigorous growth. Percentage of No. 1 Bulbs. — After the bulbs were harvested, each lot was run over an inch and three-quarter mesh screen, so that a fairly accurate estimate, by count, could be made of the percentage of No. 1 bulbs. Trueness to Type included all those factors usually considered as designating the characters of a given sort, such as shape, size, color, percentage of outer papery leaves, texture, etc. Because there may be some difference of opinion among seedsmen as to details for the ideal type of a given variety, only those variations which were quite outstanding are recorded. "Poor" means that the bulbs in the lot deviated markedly in one or more factors from the ideal; "fair" signifies a less marked variation from the type; and "good" indicates that the lot in general ran true to type. Rating, Type and Performance. — Each lot was evaluated from the view- point of trueness to type and general performance under the conditions in which they were grown. A given lot may have produced bulbs of a good type, but have been rated low as a commercial variety because of only fair germi- nation and slow plant growth. Or, a lot may have been rated low because the bulbs matured down soft, although the plant growth and trueness to type may have been very good. In this column X means very poor; XX, poor; XXX, fair; XXXX, good; and XXXXX, excellent. 36 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 (V c3 O. o ft, XX X XX XXXXX XXX XX ^x xXXXX XX XXXXXX XX >iXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX xxxx i^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX xxxxxxxxxxxx V 0} E Ss a c3 s g.s.s s o o'S'S o E'Sg' tM ^ Lh o . o c o c 3 O 3 . M . o C o o 0) o j3 3 ti s? S o-i ^ O o w >._« b&^s-SSb b.t o o o b-is" b"? b'c.t c o C o s ajctjOOoaJctjajOojOcjo^tu^o t,o o a o cs CJ^ ca o E b « Mqn 3 .t! o .-ti o o C o pj o 3 o o a; o feOO'CJO>0 s c S - 3 t- oj o c > O 3 SS . M ■O-C -'O c o o.ti O o O O 03 O O ^5 ^1 oooooooooooo.'i__ _ _ _ -_.„_- .„ ooooooooooootaooooooortoooca oooooooooooofiHiiiOooocpHfeaiOOP^ o o o o o o T3 T3 ►^T) 'O "O '^ ^3 'C •>, !>, ooCooooo.tiot?c OOa;OOOOOc^Ogj^ 00>OOOOCifeC!>> o-o 3 t- CO t- o o 00 •<* •* to ic CO aioo I I Tf I «5roiNOTrONO<»o_ I oq^_ I I I I I I I I t> i>'oot>oo''t-oo"c-''t-''t^t-" as't-" oeom I N .t;.t:oooooooooo.t3.t;oooooo.t!ooo.t3 c^cSOOOOOOOOOOcJcjC'^^^'aOrtoOOaJ o o o o o.boooooo.tioCt? CfePL,OOOOOfoO>> I ooeoootot-oootO'^Ti'Tf |ot-T)< I o Oi 00 00 o Ci o^ O) 0) o> t~ ;s I a>aoo> Oioooi I 00 II « -a -r m m = c.v-S 'HC000>OiHCqcOTlim!Dt-00 0505 0'HC^CC-^ U5«0C~0005O'HNW*'0«0 r-Irt rHrtrHiHrHi-H-HiHrHNNNNN O) M CJ M N 05 CO CO CO CO COCO SEED INSPECTION 37 r^ rS rs rS ?N \^i^XX XX XX XX XXXX XXXXXX X XX M V S*^ S^ 'v* hrf^ 'v' ^v< "v* hrf^ S-^ ^ ^^ X X X X X X XX X XX , X X XXX X X H-O S o CSSn 6X|j) o !>io -* > M . -tS - - • • • o.fci.t ■ 65 -3 6? ■3 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 10 in t-00 So 3 > — .2 o oooinoinooooo i-H 00 !D 00 05 00 00 05 1- 00 1- 1- o o.J:.„ ooojcaOcartcsooo 000 000 000 9 o'ea'ca o'ca'S'ca o o'oj ■dT3 o o o o 00 000 000 OOO in I IM I t I in !C 00 I «5 I Oi I t- t- S ° !« ? S O O o o 0x1 4|i-l .F^ (-, 0) *J — I? Q 2ffi 2s 1^ >-b ^ OJ 0) Q) tx U. tH 0; QJ OJ ii o o o "^ +:» -(J -M ■Co o o ^000 0. >. 3 a ca « - us 'S '^ gw OOOSOiHNOT-^lO^Ot-OO 38 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 a) oj CD X XIX! XI X X X X X X •S»s X X XXXX XXXX XX XX X XXXX X XI XXXX X< XI X XI XI XI XXI X!XI X XXXX X XI XXXXXXXXXXXXXoXX X XXXX o f£ g „ ■^ o. 0) s ^ >> -a S " H s - !^ c s gam cs .S c c S .2 a> ^ C t. C -QMS g ^ ^^ - 2 >. > > H 'c 'S'S b kO « OJ 3 3 ta C. > > c3 6^ ^ o s > N So . . > >o . t. ft •a T •WtS-BTJ ..t3'Ct3t3T3 .T3T3 T3"a ■3 73 73 3 , o o OOOO.bOOOOO.tiOO oo O o o^a.i; O O OOOOrtOOOOoSoO oo O o o c 5 O o OOOOfeOOOOOfaOO OO o OOl^fe S'o'^J lO o OOOlOOOOOOOiOOiffOOO o oooo o " £,^3 00 to 05 a> 00 t> lO 05 05 00 00 05 00 00 00 5CX in lOtOt- to £^^« k. L-. t^ ^5 o o o o o o ■^1 (IhPh o. -c x 13 73 T3 73 s,>,TiTJT3'BT3l3'0 2 ^ X OOOOCi?OOOOOOOC.'-C t: 73 ^73 7: o 0 o c 01 S '^ c c c c ^o c c ooooajajoooooooOi^c c o 5 o c O C c oooo>>ooooooo2;feC O o>oc z •olg T COtOOOCJ'HOO-^'Ht- oc o CO fi 1 rH ^ CO in (35 IM 00 to t> 1 CO 1 -H 1 1 OT3 3 1 CT COO-<*00_tO_05_OiniO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (= Tl< 1 to 1 1 ZSo «: 00 C^ 00 t-" t-" 00 C-" l> t> t- oo" t> w ^ t, tH O o o o o o 2 0,0, Ct, c "a! X T ooooCCo.iioooooflo.!: •c 73 '>,73X o £?o c 0) o E c C c 3 c C ooooajoiOcaoocoooocs 0 o S o c o a 'b C C 0000>>0&^00000ZO&^ C 0>0C: z 0) o O oi 1 c- to to N 00 t- to to to -* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (= ■* 1 to 1 1 o 1 a 00 en 00 a> "3 to o> 00 (33 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . .o a > 0 1 o u o 73 0 0 Q 0) 01 E X^ i** at 1« 3to 1.-3 -2 ^ o fc; 11^ i 3 > ■S p ^O O O (S o X 1 3 a XI 1 c 0 bl 3 > b, N'r; a a 0) a) iil CS m o teg ■3 £ O di O -1^ 2. 0 £ 5o M M >• a >^ >« |o IM CO ■ t> c- t- t- t- t- t- t> 00 00 00 00 w 00 SEED INSPECTION 39 X<^ X X X X X X X X « X X X X X X X XX XX X XXX X X X xxxxxx X XXX X X X X xxxxxx X xxxxx XX ■sX o o s-'? m 0) 0) J2.a 0) e3 rt -S 3 „, 3 3 -D ^ ,Q 3 3 3 o O T3 73 T3 SS ^ &b 6? C O ^^ O 00 . >co . T— I r-t IM -T3 - -"0^3 „ -'0 T3 ^ if ^ .S o.tj.t: o o .is o O o o a o o o bOfefi^OO fe feOOfefi, fe&H inio lO lO W lO lO lo icmo o oo QOOiOi^Gim Oi 9> 0) 0) o o o»o> o c o o O O O O.t! o o o O O c3 O O O OOfeOOO o o o.ij o o o o cs o 000^^0 O O Co o o o o oo ZO 1 1 o c o o 02 .-oooo oo Co rtOOoO oo Oo faOOAnO OO 2;o • ta 7;ic ij ? 01 o OJ= O 2 o St^ 3 I- 0~ 3 M 3 C9,C .« «=: U+J o "aj a; c ^ .i;=: CO ftM -jjfiH .s:pqOM<;oM am .gpqtemW^iS fl. w >• rt O eu < CO CO Tt 10 CD t^ 40 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 t2 73 n ^ a Fl 0! « >> Ah o>'^X X X X X X X X XX X X XX XX X XXX XX X X XX XX X XXX XX X X X XX XX s ^.5 a ■2^^ §8^ a 3 . -■* -aT3 - ■OT3 o o.t; o o o o 006h oo o o o o CO ■va o o o o oo y a o — c o o o o o ZCIhO ■BXiTJ O O O o o o OOO o o o o oo O O O O O O O O OO oo CO 3 C ^ O ZfeO OOO OOO OOO ■OTS O O O O OO T3T3 o o o o oo ■a -a o o o o OO u O o 0 I- iP 5 J h o tj o o 22^ o Pi C O 3 cs S u -M be c 09 Ul C4 2^S 2^u 2S > o ■z f^ o I I I o z ^3 « O ^ C l-T wo >i o !- Si Ed Ok 42 CONTROL SERIES No. 56 Field Tests of Glover and Alfalfa Seeds Collected in 1929 Conducted in Conjunction with tlie Department of Agronomy, M. A. C. Thirty-one samples of clover and alfalfa seeds were planted in rod rows for variety testing on July 5, 1929. All plantings grew very well considering the extremely dry season. Difficulty in securing adequate stands of two red clovers and one sweet clover was traced to poor germination. The germination in the laboratory was 46, 68 and 52 per cent respectively, yet in the field even second and third plantings failed to give average stands. This indicates the impor- tance of a germination of at least 70 per cent under laboratory conditions before the seed can be expected to produce satisfactory growth in the field. Observations on the varieties were made twice during the 1930 season, on the first and second cuttings, except the sweet clover varieties which were cut but once. Following are the results of the variety tests. RED CLOVER Lab. No. Labeled Found 148 Imported Red Clover .... Medium Red Clover. 152 Medium Red Clover .... Medium Red Clover. 164 Medium Red Clover .... Medium Red Clover. 189 Mammoth Red Clover. . . . Mammoth Red Clover. 206* Red Clover Medium Red Clover 223 Medium Red Clover .... Medium Red Clover. 233* Red Clover Medium Red Clover. 240 Red Clover Medium Red Clover. 249 Domestic Washington Red Clover . Medium Red Clover. 256 Red Clover Medium Red Clover. 339 Red Clover Medium Red Clover — • Considerable Mammoth Red Clover present. 349 Matrix Red Clover .... Medium Red Clover. 361 Red Clover Medium Red Clover — Mixed somewhat with Mam- moth Red Clover. 374 Red Clover Medium Red Clover. 399 Red Clover Medium Red Clover. 416 Red Clover Medium Red Clover. SWEET CLOVER 210 Sweet Clover White Biennial Sweet Clover. 247 White Biennial Sweet Clover . . 80% White, 20% Yellow Biennial Sweet Clover. 401* White Biennial Sweet Clover . . White Biennial Sweet Clover. 408 Sweet Clover 50% White, 50% Yellow Biennial Sweet Clover. ALFALFA 142 Grimm Alfalfa . ... Variegated. 151 Idaho Certified Grimm Alfalfa . . Variegated. 160 Montana Grimm Alfalfa . . . Variegated. 163 Idaho Certified Grimm Alfalfa . . Variegated. 176 Idaho Certified Grimm Alfalfa . . Variegated. 216 Grimm Alfalfa Practically all blue flowered (Common). 245 Grimm Alfalfa Variegated. 246 Northwestern Utah Common Alfalfa Common. 317 Grimm Alfalfa Variegated. 375 Canadian Certified Grimm Alfalfa . Variegated. 405 Grimm Alfalfa Variegated. * Indicates poor germination. The term "Common" refers to the blue-flowered alfalla, while the term "Variegated" indicates a mixture of blue to yellow flowers, typical of the more hardy strains of alfalfa. 1/ Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 57 DECEMBER 1930 Inspection of Agricultural Lime Products By H. D. Haskins and H. R. DeRose This is the nineteenth report on the inspection of agricultural lime products in Massachusetts. It gives the composition of the various products which have been sold, supplemented by comparative costs of units of effective oxides present. The tonnage of lime products sold as soil amendments is given, with similar data for a previous year. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station, Ajnherst, Mass. INSPECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LIME PRODUCTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1930. By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist, assisted by H. R. DeRose. Manufacturers and Brands. During 1930, eighteen firms registered for sale in Massachusetts twenty-five brands of agricultural lime and one of gypsum or land plaster. The nature of the products is shown below: Hydrated or slaked lime 10 Ground limestone 12 Lime kiln ashes 2 Osyter shell lime 1 25 Gypsum 1 The representative samples which served for analysis were largely drawn during April and May by the sampling agents employed to draw samples of fertilizer. A few of the samples were obtained from the manufacturers through correspondence. All of the products registered were analyzed. Variations and Deficiencies in the Composition of Lime Products. In Table I, devoted to hydrated limes and lime ashes, only one product, the Adams Lime Kiln Ashes, sold by the Hoosac Valley Lime Co., Inc., was found seriously deficient. This was 5.87 per cent below the guarantee in calcium a,nd magnesiufn oxides, causing a commerical shortage of about 65 cents per ton. The defiiciency was unquestionably due to the high content of water (24.56 per cent). It would not appear to be good economy to purchase lime ashes as a soil amendment unless the product has been stored under cover to avoid the absorption of excessive amounts of water. Some of the other products listed in this table were found deficient in mag- nesium or calcium oxides, but showed no commercial deficiency, nor was their effectiveness impaired, as the shortage was more than made up by an overrun of the other element. In Table II, devoted to limes in form of carbonate (unburned), no serious shortages were found: three of the products, however, would have been materially improved by finer grinding. To be equally as effective as hydrated or slaked lime, when used in amounts to furnish the same quantity of calcium and magnesium oxides, limestone should be ground so that about 80 per cent will pass a 100-mesh sieve. Tonnage of Lime Products Sold as Soil Amendments in Massachusetts during 1930. Tons. Ground limestone 30,315 Other forms (largely hydrated and air-slaked) 26,021 Total 56,336 3 These figures show a very healthy increase in the use of lime in Massachusetts as a soil amendment. In 1928, the approximate tonnage sold in the state was 21,169, of which 13,166 tons was fine ground limestone. The present tonnage is about 85 per cent as great as that of commercial fertilizer sold in the state. Explanation of Tables of Analyses. Table I, "Proportion of total oxides as carbonates." The data furnished in this column are calculated from an actual determination of carbon dioxide (C0«). Calcium or magnesium not in the form of carbonate is present either as hydrated lime (water- or air-slaked) or as burned lime (caustic or unslaked). It should be understood that all of the products listed in this table have at some time been burned, and the proportion of oxides present as carbonates indicates to what extent the product has absorbed carbonic acid from the air. ' ' Pounds of effective oxides in one ton " represents the sum of the calcium and magnesium oxides in one ton of the lime product, assuming that both ingredients from this source will become readily available. The calculations found in column "Cost of 100 pounds of effective oxides" are based on prices furnished by the producers. Table II, "Pounds of effective oxides in one ton." In securing these data the degree of fineness to which the limestone has been ground is taken into con- sideration. On those products which are finely ground so that all of the material will pass through a 20-mesh sieve, it is assumed that all of the calcium and mag- nesium oxides will become available in the soil within a five-year period. On those products which will not wholly pass a 20-mesh sieve, it is assumed that the oxides in that portion which is coarser than 20-mesh will be only 50 per cent effective during the same period. Under "Mechanical analysis" the figures represent in round numbers the percentage of product that would pass the various meshed sieves mentioned. In both tables the figures in parenthesis following the brand name show the number of samples collected and analyzed. Lots, icks, lant, raft /L Cost of ounds of tive Oxi asis Car Paper Sa F.O.B. P Sight D with B Ot)i M "5 ON NM 05 -^ COUS li^ CO 00 lO 1 Tf lO U5 «5 lO lO T3* t> 11 e^ pa " da of :tive es in Ton. iotji o> --im -jji co 00 to o o ooeo 3ta X o T)iiO T)< MOO ■* lO WrH Tt N NC- (2«oo .2-3^1 iport Tot ides bona lO ^ CU5 i> Tjiuj 00 iM >H Tf in eo "5S £1;::^ ;^ rtw ^ ^ rtm c5" ^ co=^ p OO O OO © O NO O O 0)0) oo o >oio lo o t-o lo lo 0 o so O J? ^tm o t)i com ^ c is ^1 N N r-l T3 C 3 -rfto t~ y-im 5D in 05T)i in co O! m < Q CON "-c t>N N 0> -^OO oc O 0-* §s COTf TJI rHrt N O 0510 rt .H - (CO •* -* 5Dt- (M N inTf ^§ OSO> N 00T1< 0> to OJrH TJ. O 0-* X 3 OON «o OCO OJ «0 OVN 00 05 CO m o O tot- Tj< to -^ to -^ inio to in toco « 1 . . nJ « u 2 ■ ■ 09 « J3 U s ■ • « e . . C3 b « r 09 « « s s-:* •■ Q « • ■ ■§ -^ • • z < o: ' C s SS * m n ~ • •« • ■ • 0 •?; CO S g EQ w Q Z S . . ."* . . 4> . . . * .*- "=; • • • - • ••oc i; M u »5 S 2 ^ ^ »^ OS Ed 1 < C ^-.Sa 0) c o)^t;ii ^ da i^« r« 5 35 «SS DOG K «a JjS ZB!S ft ^ s> .2 a M o o a a tn to *0 Oco gco ■w O ij o « &0S ft c t^ ca ^ — o =* o w c S §1? 00 O o 00 o © lO o ©© © S N © o © g-g-g ^ o 05 ^ CJ ■0' t- © lO Qj c a> t- IN 00 e- -MO I rH o> 00 o o» to ©© to t-^ rt © o» N a_, ja CO 00 o U5 CO CO lO CO to U3 S fl oj m o © O) to >* Oi m N lO © 01 lO ©© \a t> U5 © O r~* O) 73 M n- 3 s-o-s ■* t- © 01 C a, ^ a g T)< M 00 to O CO M © ON t- t- IM oi lO 13 rt © es .J < o 5 ^-g <-t O) s-g-l o O lO lO \a © o> 05 lO IC O rt o !:§ OJ 05 © t- © ©CO 00 o a ■* eo IM CO N CO 03 r^ to S J3 c S E lj> TJ* IM to © to OS CO CO (M d Tf r-i to t- 1> 04 \a t- 00 a> •^ t- axn t- lO t- OS •<» -1 %s lO OS o c^ M in a> r-(OJ co IM (M N ° 3 T! „. Tf eo ■>1" eo ■^ -qi ■* lO Tjl T)< Cost 100 Po of Effec Oxide o 6«- _ a) C t4 lO o> •^ 00 CO to la to 00 to Poun of Effect Oxide One T 00 Oi OJ © 00 to CO lO o CTl a> ©© © OJ 3 " Oi o o o IM o © ©© o © OJ Tl< © o N o o o o> © © ©o © © IM rt © CO o m o 00 t- ^ o© © t- m Ug 05 a> 05 o> O) ■^ 00 00 a> t- d 00 9> 13 B 3 lO lO N o» U3 00 t- ©rH lO ■^ t> CO CO 00 00 ■^ OJ oat- o» 00 lO 00 M t- t- a> 00 t-in CO ^ a> OJ t- 00 O) OJ 00 OOi OS a> o 00 05 3-S o o o o © lO © ©© o U5 o o o o lO o o c- t- © lOlO © t- O U3 O oi © U3 OS rH d ^§ "^ ""* 1H 0) U H ■B lO o> CO lO eo c- eo ©© ■* O < a o (M OJ 00 © to © rHCO o> 00 00 CO © §S 3 o> M CO t> ^ ^ © rHi-l M O tH © O (i; " " (M M Is'S o O o o 00 o © ©© © © O © © o o o o CO © © ©© © © © lO © s9 DO 3l o •0" la in CO © to lOlO lO lO «S CO ■* CO CO lO CO ■^TJI ■^ T)< CO ■>* N ^1 C 00 CO ea U5 CO a> y-l 00 -H to 00 N •* o> © to c- t~ rHrH oo 1-H to ■<1< rH o 3 o (N in O CO co O CON to 00 05 CO ■* CO •* ■* N ■* CO — oi . - « ^ . , •-1 ■ .Co . • CO P « o . ■* c P s |l - C , • u Si c S -« 0 a) V" 0 u OH I. -Baa o a at o w li JOD 'O.-i c i: X s « e 01 » ^Spg| ^^ c r SS EO .IS Eo-9 s w (» 1°: S 0) 0 S?EU -"2 S OtgJ ■2«-o fe a) C fl CO '-"-'oo a 0 ' 3 3 o 2 £u "22S . 3 3"^ II III --MM "3 C m V lei & "i" S oSuggS > T3 « 0 -w Ot w § ■3 X u 0 a X :s Z 0. a< Q Table III. — Gypsum or Land Plaster, Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcium Sulfate (CaSOM- Calcium and Magnesium Name of Manufacturer and Brand. Found. Guar- anteed. Found. Guar- anteed. (CaCO'- MgCOM. Found. United States Gypsum Co., 300 West Adams St., Chicago, 111. Agricultural Gypsum, Oakfield, N. Y., product Agricultural Gypsum, Mystic Wharf, Boston 32.33 34.40 30.00 30.00 68.24 81.05 64.50 64.50 12.67 3.26 Note: — Calcium sulfate does not neutralize sour soils. The small amount of calcium and magnesium carbonates present in the gypsum would, however, be effective for this purpose. The two samples analyzed contained an average of about one-twelfth as much calcium and magnesium carbonates as does fine ground limestone. Publication of this Document Approved by Commission on Administration and Finance. 2m — 1-'31. No. 873. l/ Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station Control Series Bulletin No. 58 May, 1931 Eleventh Annual Report on Eradication of PuUorum Disease in Massachusetts By H. Van Roekel This bulletin includes a brief discussion of pullorum disease and progress in its eradication. The motive of the eradication program is the estab- lishment and maintenance of pullorum disease-free flocks in Massachusetts. This may be accomplished if pouiltrymen understand the nature of the disease and if they adopt effective eradication and prevention measures. MASSACHUSETTS STATE COLLEGE AMHERST, MASS. ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE IN MASSACHUSETTS 1930-31 By H. Van Roekel' Introduction The contents of this bulletm inchide a discussion of piillonim disease, the objective in its eradication, and the progress made in testing during the past few years with special reference to the past season. The purpose of the discussion is to make poultrymen more familiar with tlie cause and nature of the disease, and thus enable them to cooperate more intelligently and ef- ficiently in the eradication program. A report on the progress in testing points out that the disease is being eradicated from breeding flocks in this State. Nature of the Disease Pullorum infection, caused by a specific microorganism (Salmonella pullor- um), manifests itself as an acute disease in chicks and occasionally in adults. In the adult, however, the infection is usually localized in one or more organs and produces little or no systemic effect in the majority of cases. In chicks, the disease may manifest itself within a few days after hatching. The onset and severity of the symptoms depend upon the amoimt of infection in the body, the ability of the organism to produce the disease, the resistance of the chick, and the care given by the poultrymen. In some cases of dis- eased chicks, little or no evidence which might suggest infection is observed, whereas in other cases, all the possible manifestations of the disease are foimd. The following symptoms may be revealed: depressed vigor; loss of appetite; remaining under the hover; frequent cheeping; droopy wings; shortened bodies; the adherence of white chalky excreta to the down around the vent; marked depression and exhaustion, followed by death. None of these symptoms are characteristic or specific of pullorum disease alone, since they may be encountered in other health disturbances of chicks. The mortal- ity rate may vary from slight to heavy, or even 100 per cent. Losses may be observed within two or three days after hatching and may continue until the chicks are three weeks of age or older. The heaviest losses usualljr occur dur- ing the second week of chickhood. Diagnosis of the disease in young chicks should be based upon bacterio- logical examination. Chicks which succumb to the disease do not always show gross changes in organs such as the liver, heart, and lungs. Some workers have entertained the opinion that a yellow or ochre-colored liver and an un- ^ Assisted by K. L. Bullis, O. S. Flint, and Miriam K. Clarke. Credit is due to Dr. Glen L. Dunlap for the necropsy results reported in this bul- letin ; and consideration is extended to Dr. John B. Lentz, Head of the Department of Veterinary Science, for administrative assistance. Appreciation is extended to various agencies which cooperated in this work, with special reference to County Extension Service. ERADICATION OF PULT.ORUM DISEASE 1930-31 3 absorbed yolk are characteristic of the disease. Both conditions, however, may be found in young chicks that die during this early period of life from causes other than pullorum disease. Lung and heart lesions, often encountered in pullorum diseased chicks, may also be found in chicks affected with other diseases. Mortality among chicks during their first two or three weeks of chicklihood may lead the poultrymen to suspect pullorum disease, but it must be remembered that other chick ailments may be responsible for similar mortalities during this early period of life. Laboratoiy examination is the most accurate, expedient, and economical means of diagnosing pullorum dis- ease, as well as other diseases of chicks. J Mmc/r MAY SPfiEAD inrecTioN //V /A/CUBATOf^ Cycle: or Infection CHICKS W B/fOOOC/f HOUSE. Figure 1. Infection in a Flock May Follow This Cycle. The cycle of infection can best be broken by eliminating the infected birds from the young and adult stock by means of the agglutination test. In iuunature and adult birds, tlie disease may occasionally manifest itself in an acute form causing slight to heavy losses. Usually in diseased adults, the infection is localized in one or more organs such as the ovary, heart sac and heart wall, oviduct, and cysts, attached or free in the body cavity. The most common seat of infection is the ovary, where diseased ova appear dis- colored, cystic, odd-shaped and pedunculated. The organism is generally found in the diseased ova. These ova may be found free in tiie body cavity and also in the lumen of the oviduct. One may assume tiiat such ova may be eliminated tlirough the oviduct and thereby become a means of spreading the disease if eaten by other birds. Normal appearing ova may also be infected, and in this manner the organism may become part of the egg. When infective 4 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 eggs are incubated and hatched, infected chicks may be the result. The in- fected clucks may die or survive and transmit the infection to other chicks. Chicks which survive an acute attack of the disease may grow to maturity, may remain infected, and thus become "carriers" or transmitters of the dis- ease. The disease might become almost self-limited if the organism were not transmissible from the adult to the chick by means of the egg. Photograph 1. — Ovaries Removed from Hens. Specimens numhered 1 and 3 infected with pnllorum disease; No. 2, a normal ovary. Losses Resulting from the Disease Chick mortality. — The greatest loss encountered from this disease is among the chicks. A slight to a heavj^ mortality is often observed among infected cliicks, depending upon certain factors mentioned earlier in the discussion. Reduced fertility and hatchabilify. — The disease may be responsible for re- duced fertility and hatchability to such an extent that it may inflict a great loss upon poultrymen. Numerous investigators have substantiated this ob- servation. Under-developed birds. — Among chicks that have passed through an attack of the disease, one generally finds a great variation in size and rate of growth. This has also been observed among artificially infected chicks which were given equal doses of infective material. Apparently chicks do not all possess the same degree of resistance and may not be re-infected to the same extent by contaminated litter and droppings. Such observations were made at this laboratory when a suspension of the causative organism was admin- istered, by mouth, witii a pipette, to 52 strong vigorous chicks, 72 hours old, which had been procured from a pullorum disease-free flock. The infective dose was rather Iieavy, .since 44 ])er cent of the chicks died during the first six weeks following initial exj)osure. At this time tlie weights of the 29 re- maining cliicks varied from 90 to 558 grams, as shown in the following table: ERADICATION OF PULI.ORUM DISEASE 1930-31 6 Range of Weight Number of Chicks 90-100 grams 1 100-200 grams 4 200-300 grams 3 300-400 grams 12 400-500 grams 8 500-558 grams 1 Three chicks of different sizes are shown in photograph No. 2. Since all of these chicks were treated alike and were kept under the same hover, the vari- ation in size is not attributable to management. Photograph 2. — Six-weeks-old Chicks Exposed to PuUorum Infection when 72 Hours Old. Weights of Chicks: No. 1, 115 grains; No. 2, 488 grams; No. 3, 193 grams. Some poultrymen and hatcherymen recognize the fact that in raising pullor- um diseased chicks mortality and variation in size are usually to be expected. A few have modified their methods of selling chicks. Instead of selling day- old chicks they offer "started" chicks. The term "started" chicks means chicks ten to fourteen days of age. The sales propaganda that usually is associated with "started" chicks implies that they have passed the age at which they are the weakest and at which the greatest mortality occurs. Furthermore, "start- ed" chicks are often said to be stronger and more uniform in size. The sale of "started" chicks is to be discouraged, unless the purchaser is informed definitely and honestly about the true pullorum disease status of the chicks. Often the purchaser is led to believe that "started" chicks have had a high livability and that they are free of disease. This statement may be supported by giving the buyer chicks of uniform size but not stating their correct ages. The stunted and weaker chicks may be withheld and disposed of in some other manner. Ordinarily among infected chicks that have not been culled for size, the stunted and weaker ones may die off while growing to maturity; or if they reach maturity, they may be culled from the flock as undesirable for production and breeding. One must not assume that all under-developed 6 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 birds are "carriers" of tlie disease. One may find such birds which are not infected, but their small size and weak vitalitj' are the results of infection durint;^ a period earlier in life. Furthermore, "carriers" are not limited to under-developed birds, since frequently one may find that the best developed birds in the flock are infected. Mortniiti/ amoiuj nrlults. — Occasionally one may observe heavy losses associ- ated with acute outbreaks in adults. Frequently a single infected bird may succumb to the disease, especially if its resistance has been lowered by other factors. In such instances, it is not infrequent that iS. pullorum may be re- covered froiu organs such as the heart, the liver, the spleen, the ovary, and other lesions. Lowered egg production. — Repeated investigations have shown that egg production in general is lower among infected birds than among non-infected birds of the same breeding. In some infected birds egg production is not lowered, since the particular localization of the infection and the extent to which the ova are diseased appear to be the influencing factors. Culling the low producing birds should not be regarded as a method of eliminating pullorum disease from a flock, because the high producing, infected individu- al and the infected male would remain in the flock. Reduced salability of froducts.- — Poultrymen who have once experienced losses from pullorum disease through negligence of proper precautions are not likely to risk repeating the experience. The losses involved are often costly and may even lead to a failure in business. The majority of those who are correctly informed about losses associated with this disease will purchase eggs or stock from a non-infected flock and will exercise every jjrecaution against exposing their eggs or stock to sources of infection. Eggs or stock from pullorum disease-free flocks have increased salability and command higher prices. Spread of Infection Among adults. — In adults the disease may spread through contact of in- fected with non-infected birds, as has been demonstrated frequently. Just how the infection is eliminated from the diseased bird and transmitted to the uninfected is not clearly and completely comprehended. It is known that the infection may localize in the heart sac and heart nmscle, liver, gall bladder, spleen, kidneys, free and attached cysts, testes, ovary, and oviduct. If the infection remains localized in the heart, spleen, or fixed body cavity cysts, the opportunity for elimination of the organism appears to be negligible. If lo- calized in the liver, gall bladder and kidneys, or testes, the lesion might be of such a nature as to permit elimination of the organism through the intest- inal tract, and tubes leading from the kidneys or testes to the cloaca. The organism has been isolated from the intestinal tract and also from the nasal sinuses of naturally infected birds. Isolation from the latter organ has been reported only once. Adults may be artificially infected by injecting the organism into the blood stream, body cavity, under the skin, or into the oviduct; by feeding; and by dropping into the eye. The r61e that the male bird plays in disseminating the infection has not been definitely determined. Males may become naturally infected. Based upon agglutination tests, the percentage of infected males as compared with females is less. ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1930-31 7 Table 1. — A comparison of the percentages of reactors detected among females and males. sting Season Sex Number Tested Per cent Reactors 1927-28 Females 17«,003 6.80 Males 14.041* 3.06 1928-29 Females 232,723 4.50 Males 21, .51.')* 1.62 1929-30 Females 303,125 2.42 Males 28,189 1.61 1930-31 Females 327,110 1.60 Males 29,700 0.70 ♦Includes reactors detected on retest. Some investigators have observed that infection may spread from an in- fected mature female to a non-infected by contact eitlier in the absence or presence of males. To our knowledge, no observations have been recorded stating that infected males may transmit the disease to fetnales or other males. Since males are found infected (in some cases lesions being comparable to lesions in females), one might assume that they might play a role in direct transmission of the disease. The problems of soil and house infection have received very little attention. One investigator reports that the causative organism of the disease may re- main in the soil in a virulent condition for a period of fourteen months. This was true for both red clay loam and rich black loam. In the published report the author did not state definitely whether the soil had been infected artifici- ally or whether it had been contaminated by infected birds; but by personal correspondence it was learned that the soil samples were sterilized and arti- ficially inoculated in crocks. Adult birds may become infected by feeding infertile eggs from infected or untested sources. Fresh eggs laid by infected birds and eaten by non-infected birds may be a possible means for the spread of infection among adults. AmoiKj chicks. — Eggs from infected birds may contain the organism, and if such eggs are hatched the chicks may be infected. Incubator hatching has played an important role in the dissemination of tlie disease. Investigators have demonstrated conclusively that infection will spread in various types of incubators and to a greater extent in some than in otiiers. The organisms adhere to down and dust particles which are circulated by a movement of air currents. Chicks inhaling these particles may become infected through the respiratory tract. Infection may also gain entrance through the digestive tract, if infective material is picked up. There may he other avenues that have not been discovered definitely, as for example the eye. Attempts to prevent the spread of infection in the incubator have been only partly suc- cessful. The amount of dissemination in the incubator may be reduced to some extent by fumigation and special handling, but it can never be com- ])letely prevented by these methods because they fail to kill the organism in the live chick. Fumigation may be of some benefit in destroying the organ- ism, but it may also be injurious to the chicks. The time, effort, and expense associated with these methods should be directed toward effective measures of eradication and prevention. Flocks frequently become infected through such practices as custom hatching and having eggs hatched in incubators 8 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 which contain eggs from infected flocks. The spread of infection is not limited to the incubator, but may also occur while chicks are in shipping boxes and after they are placed in the brooder. Non-infected chicks may contract the disease by picking at droppings from infected chicks. In feeding eggs to chicks, one should safeguard against infective eggs. Only eggs from non-infected flocks should be fed. Grain sacks may play a role in spreading the disease. At this laboratory it was observed that a grain sack artificially contaminated with S. pullorum and used for holding mash was responsible for infecting 2 out of 25 chicks which received this mash for three weeks. No mortality was observed. The organism was recovered from one of the two reactors. Used grain sacks which are refilled with feed by feed stores may be a disease hazard. Sacks that have been properly and thoroughly sterilized may be used again with safety. During the last few years, attention has been directed toward fowl other than chickens to determine what role they play in pullorum disease dissemina- tion. A few isolated cases of pullorum infection in turkeys, pigeons, pheas- ants, sparrows, and bull-finch have been reported. In most cases, the source of infection was traceable to chickens. In this State during the last four years, such fowl hav^ been tested whenever possible and four reactors were detected — one guinea hen and three turkeys. The three turkeys were necrop- sied and S. pullorum was not isolated. Prevention and Eradication Prevention. — Prevention of the disease is of interest to those who own a non-infected flock and to those Mho are contemplating the purchase of stock in the form of eggs, chicks, and adult birds. To assure prevention of the disease, the following measures should be observed: — 1. The entire flock should be tested annually. 2. New stock should be introduced or purchased only from non-infected flocks. 3. Birds returning from shows or contests should be tested, and not ad- mitted to any flock until pronounced free of the disease. 4. If custom hatching is a necessary business procedure, it should be of- fered only to those who supply eggs from non-infected flocks. 5. If eggs have to be hatched away from the premises, one should ascertain definitely that the eggs are not being exposed to infection. 6. Infertile eggs from infected and untested sources should not be fed. 7. Offal from dressed birds should be burned. 8. Proper sanitary measures should be observed at all times. Eradication. — The best means of eradicating the disease from a flock is through intensive testing of the entire flock, provided the breeding value of the birds warrants the expenditure. It may require two or more tests within the same season to determine that all of the infected birds have been de- tected. The success of intensive testing depends upon follow-up measures such as prompt disposal of reactors for meat, followed by thorough cleaning and proper disinfection of pens, houses, and equipment. While the infection is being eliminated from the premises and after the flock is regarded as free of the disease, the measures listed under prevention should be observed in order that the flock may not become re-infected. ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1930-31 9 Discussion of Service Rendered during Season During the season, 479 applications for testing were received. Service was rendered to 452 flock owners, for whom 405,082 tests were made. Twenty- seven owners cancelled their applications before the close of the season. In- creases over the previous season were observed in the number of tests, birds tested, and personal conferences. The latter service is to be encouraged for the benefit of flock owners because it gives the personnel in charge of the testing work an opportunity to obtain more complete information about the flock than is submitted by the blood collector and through correspondence. Suggestions and advice relative to eliminating the disease from a flock must necessarily be based upon accurate and complete flock information and the possible types of management which may be instituted. Summary of Service Rendered Applications received 479 Applications cancelled „ 27 Flocks tested 452* Tests made - 405,082 Chickens: Routine „ 386,928 Experimental 16,055 Fowl other than chickens: Routine 1,360 Experimental _ 739 Owners receiving necropsy service 66 Necropsies of reacting birds — 226 Personal conferences from March 1, 1930 to March 1, 1931 191 * Includes five floclcs of poultry other tlian chickens. Distribution of Tests and Reactors In Table 2 is given the distribution of tests and positive tests by breeds in each county. Birds were tested in twelve counties, six of which had an in- crease in the number of tests over the previous season. Middlesex, Plymouth, and Norfolk Counties had the largest number of tests. Barnstable, Hamp- shire, Franklin, and Worcester Counties had the lowest percentages of posi- tive reactors. Special attention is called to Barnstable County with only one reactor among 6,819 tests, and to Worcester County with 0.78 per cent posi- tive tests among 51,198. Only one county had an increase in the percentage of positive tests, which Mas due to an increase in the number of flocks not tested in the 1929-1930 season. In one county (Dukes) which revealed the highest percentage of positive tests, no birds were tested last season. Seven breeds and others grouped as miscellaneous were tested. Rhode Is- land Red, White Leghorn, Barred Plymouth Rock, and White Plymouth Rock were the four predominating breeds tested. White Wyandottes and Barred Plymouth Rocks have the lowest percentages of positive tests. No reactors were detected among the Brahmas. The total number of tests among the chickens was 402,983, of which 1.47 per cent were positive. 00 ^ «! w ^t o ^ ^ 1 SJSSJ 9lltliS0J £^ ^ fO i< 05 d *'^. ^T " t- ^ 1*5 © ^ in c> ^ >n M in t~ o © © t^ PC oc >e e (N >e t~ 00 sC l> fC •^ t^ in (S — 1 00 © moj. 00 00 >e Ml (N « 00_ "5 © >e i<5 ff> ®^ *". ©T ^ vc" in -e ro (N in (S (N ^ © f> •* rt ;o C^ CO 03 t^ 00 o (X) o 00 0- 00 00 CO 00 ■<»< T»< .-1 (N lO o> o^ *^ j35sa3iOjW 00 r~ -. '^ d in ■~c a t^ r-H CO CO Tj< -XJ o o CO CM 05 O -XI CD .":; •i ^ ■o c^ M O CO Tfi 00 CO •w t^ ro in >c 50 innouiAij •<»<_ CO ■** -»< q co" »" XI CM CM •« o^ ^ rt lO 03 00 00 t- Th "C CO o Cl — t> I^ CO M CO M CO "; T»H rt M t^ -*< ■>; S "^ xassippji^ C<3 -<" CD (N o" q t^ CO in ^ oo' « "" 00 00 MO (^ o t^ o 03 C o c f2 * ~ r>- 00 c^ 00 M CM in 00 «5 aaiqsduiBj^ co" c^ c^ " d 00 ^ Oi C-l Oi ^ ,086 264 2.ai uapdiuBj^ O CO TO M 00 CO 05 C<1 OO" a rt lO O O CO c o o t^ in -, Tf< 00 CO CO 00 -H 00 CO UIj^fUBJj q TO •o IN 2 " -H M O IN — C IN — f-H ,- ■* ■<» t~ c t~ C « © eo « o •* 00 CO 00 '- CO CM c; © CO xassg t " Tf -H CO_ t^ 00 in in ^ in" •*" Ol ©' C^ P<5 CO IN lO o CO <-i (N ^ ssjjna in oj CO iC lO CO CI « IM CO ^ o c vD t» GO og CO 'O 03 (N — f^ lojsijg CO 00 ■*. •O t '^ --^ CO •o in" « ■»t< in 05 to * ■o c m © ~. CO 'O o » o ■^ 00 »■ 50 ajiqsifljsg co" •*" CO ws — ^• 05 -H o c > a — ~. ajqcisajBg CO CO IN 6.81 0.0 ^ -t^ 4.) J ^ J _» ^ -> ^ s 0^ OJ w ^ ^ ' J -IS 0 y^ - ^ a; (u V (U dJ U OJ OJ l) V V ID U CI *" .> > *'' > ■" > -^ > •" ^ > > ■" > "t3 .t; "3 - "rt . ;i "rt .■• i 15 . ^ "« . - 5 • 5 "to '. S -^ (A z O 0 o c o 0 o D O 0 0 S o o o 0 H a- H 0- H C U H C U H C I. H C I, H C 1. H C 1- 4) ~ ■C ? ^ M E ^ o 3 t: ■ Oi o e -ci. XI (2 c X 3 a; X lU 4J •o c O E o c m 3 OB CI 13 X bi «• E a, V > E O 1 "cj QD ^ *- > .■^ l_ c X u 2 -^ X BQ XI X 2 i 0 £ 1 ERADICATION OF PULl^ORUM DISEASE 1930-31 II Tested Fowl Other Than Chickens During the past four years, testing information has been collected to de- termine what role fowl other than chickens play in eradicating piillorum dis- ease. Based upon the testing results obtained thus far, one might conclude that fowl other than chickens ])lay little or no part in pullorum disease erad- ication in this State. During the past season among the 2,099 birds tested, no positive reactors were detected. These birds were distributed on 29 premises. On 14 of these premises, chickens were tested and foimd infected. Turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl, pigeons, geese, and starlings were tested. The testing of such fowl will be continued during the coming season. It is hoped that all poultrymen will cooperate in this survey by ])ermitting such birds to be tested. Table 3. — Tested fowl other than chickens. Fowls Fi EMALES M ALES Total Tested Reactors Tested Reactors Tested 1521 0 217 0 1738 124 0 24 0 148 93 0 43 0 136 30 0 11 0 41 23 0 0 0 23 13 0 0 0 13 1804 0 295 0 2099 Turkeys Ducks Guinea fowl Pigeons Geese Starlings Totals Consecutive Annual Testing Necessary to Determine Flock Status Eradication of the disease from a flock does not assure the owner that it will remain free of infection. Success in preventing re-infection in a flock depends upon the strict observance of sanitary and preventive measures. The agglutination test is not a means of disease prevention but a means of dis- ease detection. Testing results extending over a period of eleven years prove that consecutive annual testing of flocks is essential in determining the flcok status. This measure has been advocated for a number of years, but it was not until the last few years that poultrymen began to realize its significance and necessity in pullorum disease eradication. Table 4 shows that the number of flocks (253) tested for three or more consecutive years is greater than the number of flocks tested for the first time, intermittently, or for two consecutive years. The number of tests and tested birds represented are also greater and the percentage of positive tests is less than 0.90 per cent. The percentage (4.07) of positive tests in the in- termittent group is almost as great as the percentage (4.78) of positive tests in the group tested for the first time. Among the 328 negative flocks, 118 were partially tested. Partial flock testing is not regarded as a sound procedure in determining the true status of a flock nor is it effective in eradicating the disease from the premises or in maintaining a disease-free flock. Some flock owners who practice partial testing apparently may be free of danger for a time, but sooner or later they will realize their mistake, which 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 Table 4. — Consecutive annual testing versus single and intermittent testing. Floclcs Birds Total Tests Positive TESTS Negative FLOCKS Positive FLOCKS Classification S f^; §1 §1 13 T3 II Tested for first time. . . . Intermittent testing his- tory 89 20 85 2.53 447 .33,249 9,633 46,593 267,335 356,810 36,520 10,317 50,430 305,716 402,983 1,745 420 981 2,762 5.908 4.7S 4.07 1.95 0.90 1.47 24 36 143 210 25 4 26 63 118 14 3 9 23 49 26 6 Tested for two consecu- 14 Tested for three or more consecutive years. . Totals 24 70 in the end will prove far more costly than consecutive annual testing. Ex- perience has taught that eliminating the disease from only part of the flock is of very little value because the tested non-reacting birds may soon become re-infected by the untested infected birds on the premises. By eradication of the disease from a flock through testing is meant that all birds on the premises have been subjected to the test and found free of the disease. Among the 328 negative flocks, 206 were tested for three or more consecu- tive years and 62 tested for two consecutive years. Among the 460 flocks tested during the 1929-1930 season, 122 were not tested during 1930-1931. Of these 122 flocks, 54 were tested for the first time during 1929-1930. Number of Non-Reacting Flocks is Increasing In Table 5 it is shown that the number of non-reacting flocks was 328 dur- ing the past season. Of this number, 210 were 100 per cent tested, represent- ing 190,604 birds; and 118 were partially tested, representing 76,625 birds. Plymouth and Middlesex Counties had the largest number of non-reacting flocks, 60 and 46 respectively. Among the 13 flocks tested in Franklin County, twelve 100 per cent tested flocks, representing 12,841 birds, were non-reacting and one partially tested flock was positive. A total of 119 positive flocks was tested, of which 49 flocks representing 35,746 birds were 100 per cent tested and 70 flocks representing 53,835 birds were partially tested. Barnstable and Franklin Counties had only one positive flock each, and Hampshire had three. Plymouth and Middlesex had the largest number of positive flocks 23 and 22 respectively. The number of non-reacting and positive flocks is always of great concern to all poultrynien, j^articularly to those who introduce new stock. At the present time there appears to be a sufficient number of non-reacting flocks in this State so that no one should have difficidty in purchasing pullonuii disease-free stock. Poultrymen may obtain information about non-reacting flocks from their local county agent, provided the flock owner has given the laboratory permission to forward the testing results. It is recognized that the county agent can ofl^er great assistance to his poultrymen regarding erad- ication, purchase of new stock, and custom hatching, if he is familiar with the testing results of the flocks in his county. ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1930-31 13 Table 5. — Non-reacting and positive flocks classified by counties. Countv 100% Tested Partially Tested Birds Total Flocks Birds Non-reacting Flocks Barnstable 7 6,208 2 436 9 6,644 Berkshire 8 6.108 3 364 11 6,472 Bristol 19 16,268 21 13.049 40 29,317 Dukes Essex 18 14.689 15 10.767 U 25,456 Franklin 12 12,841 .. .... 12 12,841 Hampden 9 3.742 2 1.042 11 4.784 Hampshire 19 10.364 9 5.354 28 15.718 Middlesex 26 36,740 20 18.209 4«) 54,949 Norfolk 29 25,586 11 9..365 40 34.951 Plymouth 36 30.140 24 12.879 60 43.019 Worcester 27 27,918 1 1 5.160 38 33,078 TOTAL 210 190,604 118 76,625 328 267.229 Positive Flocks Barnstable 1 175 . . .... 1 175 Berkshire 2 1,678 1 176 3 1,854 Bristol 7 8.714 13 7,136 20 15,850 Dukes 1 51 1 51 Essex 3 730 5 4.407 8 5,137 Franklin .... 1 255 1 255 Hampden 5 2.476 3 1,363 8 3,839 Hampshire 2 1,256 1 179 3 1,435' Middlesex 6 3.775 16 10.362 22 14,137 Norfolk 7 5.456 7 ■ 12.319 14 17,775 Plymouth 11 6,180 12 9,157 23 15,337 Worcester 5 5,306 10 8.430 15 13,736 TOTAL 49 35.746 70 53,835 119 89,581 According to flock information submitted by tiie owner through the blood collector, 61 flock owners introduced stock from non-reacting sources, 30 from positive sources, and 20 from untested sources. 1929-30 Non-Reacting Flocks Which Revealed Infection in 1930-31 In Table 6 is given the number of flocks that were non-reacting in 1929-30 but revealed infection in 1930-31. According to the information submitted by the blood collectors and owners, the most common sources of infection were the introduction of new stock from untested or infected flocks, and the hatch- ing of eggs at poultry plants where infected birds were maintained. In nine flocks a combination of sources was responsible. In three flocks, the source of infection was unknown except that all three flocks showed infection during the 1928-29 season. This suggests that it is not safe to consider a flock free of disease when the testing results for one year have been negative. Without a doubt the re-infection in the majority of these flocks might have been prevented if the owners had consulted the testing laboratory or their local county agent for information about the sources that were responsible for the infection. 14 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 Table 6. — Flocks which were non-reacting in 1929-30 but which showed infection in 193C-31, with explanation for possible sources of infection. Possible Source of Infection Number of Flocks Introduction of stock from untested flocks 4 Introduction of stock from tested infected flocks 3 Custom hatching _ 2 Eggs hatched at poultry plants with infected flocks 3 Birds returned from egg-laying contests 1 Partial flock testing 1 Combination of sources - _ - 9 Unknown „ „ 3 Total „.. 26 Progress in Eradication In Table 7 are given the comparative results of the last two seasons of testing. The number of tested flocks was less in 1930-31 than in the previous season. Five counties showed an increase in the number of flocks and six a decrease. Increases in the number of tested birds and tests are observed in the 1930-31 season. Eight counties had an increase in the number of birds tested. The average percentage of infection was reduced from 2.17 to 1.47. All but one county showed a decrease in the percentage of positive tests. The number of non-reacting flocks increased from 309 to 328. Five counties showed an increase in number of non-reacting flocks, five a decrease, one no change, and one had no testing during the 1929-30 season. Plymouth County had the largest increase in the number of non-reacting flocks. In Table 8 is given an eleven-year testing summary which shows that the number of tests has increased each succeeding year. The percentage of posi- tive tests was reduced from 12.50 to 1.47, the lowest attained during the eleven-year period. Suggestions for Poultrymen Success in the elimination and prevention of any infectious disease depends upon the observance of effective eradication and preventive measures. Poul- trymen should bear in mind that the agglutination test is only one item in the pullorum disease eradication program. The test, if properly conducted, can only detect the birds that are or have been infected. Eradication of the disease depends upon the prompt removal and proper disposal of the dis- eased birds, followed by thorough cleaning and disinfecting of the houses, pens and etjuipment, and the observance of effective measures against re- infection. Test all birds on premises. — During the past season 259 flocks were 100 per cent tested and 188 were partially tested. The previous season 280 flocks were 100 per cent tested and 180 were partially tested. The decrease in the num- ber of 100 per cent tested flocks may be due in part to the business depres- sion. However, some poultrymen do not realize that testing all the birds on the premises is the only accurate means of determining the true status of the flock. A flock can not be regarded as free from pullorum disease if only part of the birds are tested. The testing records show that where partial flock ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1930-31 Table 7. —Comparison of 1929-30 and 1930-31 testirg. 15 County Flocks Birds Tests Positive tests Per cent Non-reacting flocks 1929-30 Season Barnstable 14 10.703 10,796 O.DJ, 12 Berkshire 13 7,403 7,798 S.S6 8 Bristol 67 45,816 47,976 S.Z9 43 Dukes Essex 39 25,366 25,960 0.60 26 Franklin 12 9,742 13,343 0.90 10 Hampden 23 9,047 10,113 5.06 13 Hampshire 34 16,401 17,414 1.S8 29 Middlesex 73 62,064 68,051 1.94 51 Norfolk 55 60,705 66,790 2.S0 40 Plymouth 80 55,181 71.904 S.J,7 45 Worcester 50 38,886 45,953 1.67 32 TOTAL 460 331.314 386.098 JP./7 309 1936-31 Season Barnstable 10 6,819 6,819 0.01 9 Berkshire 14 8,326 8,385 1 .31 11 Bristol 60 45,167 53,126 1.73 40 Dukes 1 51 51 S.9S Essex 41 30,593 30,593 1.63 33 Franklin 13 13,096 13,917 0.61 12 Hampden 19 8,623 9,086 2.91 11 Hampshire 31 17,153 17,153 0.61 28 Middlesex 68 69,086 78,577 1 .65 46 Norfolk 54 52,726 62,927 S.16 40 Plymouth 83 58,356 71,151 1.36 60 Worcester 53 46,814 51.198 0.78 38 TOTAL 447 356,810 402.983 l.J,7 328 Table 8. — Eleven year testing summary. Year Flocks Positive Tests Non-reacting Total Tests Per cent Flocks 24,718 12.60 25 29,875 IS. 66 27 33,602 7.60 29 59,635 6.63 38 66,503 S.94 79 67,919 S.Sl 124 127,327 4.03 114 232,091 6.6S* 138 304,092 4 26* 228 386,098 2.17 309 402,«)83 1.47 328 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-20 1930-31 108 no 121 139 156 201 249 321 413 460 447 *Based on total birds tested: 1927-28, 190,658 birds; 1928-29, 2.54,512 birds. 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 testing was resorted to and no reactors found, infection was frequently de- tected later in the untested group. Untested birds should be regarded as a potential source of infection even though the j^arent stock was tested and found free of infection. Retest'mg of infected flocks. — Owners of infected flocks who wish to eradi- cate the infection from their premises without disposing of the entire flock may do so by retesting the flock at frequent intervals within the same season. The first test should be applied at the beginning of the season, which will permit ample time for subsequent retests. The number of tests required to eliminate infection depends upon the size of flock, the amount of infection present, and the management of the flock. According to observations at this laboratory, the maximum number of tests required to eliminate the reactors from a flock within one season has been five. Intensive retesting is the most efl^ective and expedient means of eradicating infection from a flock, if the owner observes proper eradication and sanitation measures. Retesting part of the flock is not considered sound because experience has shown that in most cases where a negative report was obtained through a retest of part of the flock, infection would appear later in the portion that was not retested. Introduction of new stock. — The introduction of new stock has been a fre- quent source of infection. During the past season, fifty flock owners intro- duced stock from either infected or untested sources. Owners who introduce stock should carefully and thoroughly investigate the source from which stock is selected. The local county agent should be consulted since he is able to furnish testing information about flocks in his county. Custom hatching.- — Owners who practice custom hatching as a source of in- come may experience considerable trouble and loss if by chance eggs from infected flocks are selected. Not only may the owner's flock be infected, but also those of his customers. Custom hatching should not be practiced unless the owner is certain that all eggs incubated are from pullorum disease-free flocks. This likewise applies to owners who have their eggs hatched. Contest or show birds should be tested. — Birds that are returned from egg- laying contests or shows should pass at least two consecutive negative tests (four to six weeks apart) before they are re-admitted into the flock. This measure should not be neglected, since flocks have been known to become in- fected through birds returned from contests. The testing of the contest or show birds is far less costly than retesting the entire flock. Necropsy of doubtful reactors. — In the testing of flocks that have been negative for one or more years, one may encounter doubtful birds. Such birds should not be regarded as free of disease. Since it is impossible to determine definitely the true status of doubtful birds by only one agglutination test, one must resort to retests and necropsy. When this additional service is neces- sary, the laboratory will request that the doubtful birds be submitted for further observation. If' the findings are negative the flock is considered nega- tive. Some owners have failed to comply with the laboratory's request to send in doubtful birds, and in that event the flock was considered positive. The owner can better afford to sacrifice a few birds for further observation than to have his flock considered positive when it might be negative. The owner should not take a chance on the determination of his true flock status. Advertising. — Attention is called to the wide variation in the terminology used in advertisements to describe the status of a flock as regards pullorum disease infection. Such terms as "State Tested,'' "Officially Blood Tested,' ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1930-31 17 "Government Tested," should be avoided when advertising a pullorum dis- ease-free flock. These terms have been used from the time testing for pullor- um disease was first started. They are general terms and are misleading. Owners of pullorum disease-free flocks should so word their advertisements that there may be no doubt in the buyer's mind as to what the status is. There are tests for other poultry diseases beside the agglutination test for pullorum disease infection, and flock owners should say for what the flock was tested; that is, they should not stop with the phrase "State Tested," but should specify the test as "State Tested for Pullorum Disease." Flocks which had every bird on the premises tested should so state, i. e. "100 Per cent State Tested for Pullorum Disease." Owners of flocks which are 100 per cent tested and are free from pullorum disease should make these facts known. These flocks are the safest from which to purchase stock and are of great importance in the program of eradication. Following are a few examples of advertisements used by poultry flock own- ers where every bird was tested for pullorum disease and where no infection was found. A. "State Tested." For 5 consecutive years 100 per cent tested and 100 per cent free from Pullorum Disease (B.W. D.)^ — never had a reactor. B. 100 Per cent— State Tested— Free from B. W. D. C. Every Bird Tested— 100 Per cent Clean. D. 100 Per cent State Tested— 100 Per cent Clean. B, C, and D would be strengthened by wording as follows: — B. 100 Per cent— State Tested for Pullorum Disease (B. W. D.)— Free. C. Every Bird Tested for Pullorum Disease — 100 Per cent Free. D. 100 Per cent State Tested for Pullorum Disease — 100 Per cent Free. The following advertisements also describe flocks of the same status as the preceding. While they are clear in conveying the fact that no pullorum in- fection was found, the buyer does not know what portion of the flock was tested. A. State Tested, 100 Per cent Pullorum Disease Free. B. 100 Per cent Free from Pullorum Disease by State Test. C. From Blood Tested Stock, 100 Per cent Pullorum Disease Free (B. W. D.). The following terms should be avoided as they may be used where pullor- um infection is present or by hatcheries buying hatching eggs from many sources. A. From Our Own Disease-Free Stock. B. Trapnested, Blood Tested. C. Tested Chicks of Proved Quality. D. State Tested Stock. E. Officially Blood Tested. The following points should be considered in describing the status of a poultry flock as regards pullorum disease: — 1. Tested for what? 2. What portion of flock is tested? 3. Year flock was tested. 4. Under whose supervision was test made? 5. Results of test. 18 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 Summary This report contains a brief discussion of pulloruin disease, losses en- countered, means of spread, and methods of combating the disease. The 1930- 31 testing results show increases in the number of tested birds and in the number of tests. The average percentage of infection was reduced and was the lowest attained during the eleven-year testing period. The number of birds in 100 per cent tested, non-reacting flocks has increased. No reactors were detected among the 2,099 tested fowl other than chickens. Suggestions are made to aid poultrymen in establishing and maintaining pulloruin dis- ease-free flocks. Testing operations as conducted in the laboratory are il- lustrated by photographs. Poultrymen Are Urged to Visit the Testing Laboratory Poultrymen are invited to visit the laboratory both to observe how the test- ing work is being conducted and to discuss their testing problems. During the past season, 191 persons saw the laboratory in operation. For those who may find it impossible to arrange for such a visit, the following photogra})iis will give some idea as to how the work is being carried on. Photograph 3. — Blood Sample Containers and Bags of Leg Bands for One Week's Work, Ready for Shipment to Blood Collectors. ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1!)30-;JI 1» «^. *,^ Photograph 4. — Two Sizes of Shipping Containers for Blood Samples, Showing the Inside Containers. Capacity: large size, 700 tubes: small size, 415 tubes. iSr^t% , Photograph 5. — Blood Collector's Ectuipmeut. 20 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 Photograph 6. — Checking the Shipments of Samples as Received at the Laboratory. Photograph 7. — Breaking of Blood Clots, Centrifuging Samples, Sorting and Check- ing the Numbered Samples. ERADICATION OF PUIJ.ORUM DISEASE 1930-31 21 Photograph 8. — Removing the Sera from the Tubes, Adding Test Fluid, Reading of Tests, and Transporting the Used Glassware and Tested Samples. Photograph 9. — Reading and Recording of Tests After the Serum and Test Fluid Are Mixed aud Incubated. 22 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 Plhotogragh 10. — Refrigerator in Which the Tested Blood Samples Are Retained Until the Tests Have Been Recorded. ERADICATION OF PULLORUM DISEASE 1930-31 23 Photograph 11. — Preparation of Test Fluid. Photograph 12. — Reacting Bird Submitted to the Laboratory for Examination. 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 58 Photograph 13. — Cleaning and Disinfecting Shipping Containers Before They Are Repacked and Shipped to the Blood Collectors. Publication of this Document Approved by Commission on Administration and Finance. 4M-6-'31. No. 2486. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 59 1931 inspection of Commercial Feedstuffs Bv PHILIP H. SMITH The thirty-seventh report of the work of feeding stuffs inspection presents the results of the chemical and microscopic analyses on 1,591 samples of feeding stuffs intended for live stock and poultry consumption, collected during the year ending September 1, 1931. Requests for Bulletins should be addressed to the Agricultural Experiment Station Amherst, Mass. CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Inspection of Commercial Feedstuffs By Philip H. Smithi During the past year 1,014 brands of feed have been registered for sale by 244 manufacturers and dealers. The increase in registrations during recent years appears to be due to an increase in the number of retail stores that manufacture their own brands of feeding stuffs and to some extent to a larger number of individual brands carried by many manufacturers. In many instances there are only slight differences between brands, and brand names are often so similar as to be confusing to the purchaser. It is believed that some of the larger manufacturers could cut down their lines without material injury to the consumer and with benefit to themselves. One thousand five hundred and ninety-one samples of feeding stuffs have been collected and analyzed. The collection of these samples involved visit- ing at least once 171 dealers located in 108 towns or cities. The collection is believed to be representative of the general character of goods sold in the State. A considerable number of the brands of feeding stuffs registered were not found on sale, and this will always be true, as registrations are usually made with the expectation of sale rather than after actual sale occurs. No cases of violation of the feeding stuff's act were brought to the State courts during the past year. >The following staff members assisted in the inspection: Albert F. Spelman and George Larsinos, Chemists; Frederick A. McLaughlin, Microscopist; James T. Howard, Inspector; Cora B. Grover, Clerk. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS A large shipment of misbranded alfalfa stem meal sent by boat from California was found in storage in Boston. Samples of this were drawn and left with the Federal authorities. Where alfalfa leaf meal is manufactured, the disposal of the stem is a problem which must be met by the manufacturer. This product, after being finely ground, has been finding its way into Mas- sachusetts to a limited extent, both in mixed feeds supposed to contain alfalfa meal and as an ingredient to be used by local manufacturers. Its value is unquestionably inferior to either alfalfa meal or alfalfa leaf meal. As a whole, the feed situation was found to be satisfactory. Inferior feeds can be legitimately sold; but with the information carried on the label, the purchaser need not be deceived as to their true content. There were no new feeds found. Soy bean oil cake meal is beginning to have a more extended use, particularly in feed mixtures. This product is a valuable addition to our protein concentrates. Alfalfa stem, to which ref- erence has already been made, can simply be considered as a roughage not greatly increased in value by being finely ground. Occasionally manufacturers include in their mixtures small amounts of patented preparations supposed to have especial value for their vitamin, yeast or mineral content. If the cost of the feed is materially increased thereby, the purchaser should satisfy himself that he is securing extra value for the additional cost of the product. CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Summary of Analyses Reported Season of 1930-1931. Samples. Brands. Manu- facturers . Alfalfa Products Alfalfa Meal 9 Alfalfa Leaf Meal 14 Animal and Fish Products Bone Meal 9 Fish Meal 26 Meat Scrap 22 Meat and Bone Scrap 47 Milk Powders 21 Brewers and Distillers By- Products Brewers Grains 5 Distillers Grains 2 Malt Sprouts 2 Cereal Meals Barley Meal 2 Corn Meal 38 Ground Oats 64 Provender (Corn and Oats) 17 Com Products Gluten Feed 53 Gluten Meal . ° 22 Hominy Feed 35 Miscellaneous Mill Residues Barley Feed .' . . 1 Beet Pulp 21 Oat Feed 13 Rye Feed 3 OU Cake Meals Soy Bean Oil Cake Meal 1 Corn Germ Oil Cake Meal 2 Cottonseed Meal 85 Linseed Meal 29 Peanut Oil Cake Meal 1 Wheat Products Red Dog Flour 14 Wheat Flour Middlings 11 Wheat Standard Middlings 40 Wheat Mixed Feed 54 Wheat Bran 84 Mixtures for Animals Calf Meals 14 Dairy Feeds 313 Fitting Rations 19 Hog Feeds 8 Molasses Feeds 76 Stock Feeds 63 Mixtures for Poultry Chick Growing and Starting Feeds 99 Chick Scratch Feeds 15 Fattening Feeds 2 Laying Mashes 164 ♦Miscellaneous 70 Totals 1,590 4 4 4 4 5 5 9 8 10 8 22 14 10 10 4 4 1 1 2 2 9 8 4 4 11 9 1 1 7 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 8 12 8 1 1 10 9 9 9 17 16 17 16 35 31 8 7 50 56 10 9 6 5 38 24 30 24 2 83 39 2 60 ♦Consisting largely of material used by Massachusetts manufacturers in preparing registered feeds. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS U o a; U H o ce t> . •o Q i« a> O '« n >^ s m "s ^ g ^ ■M « • U 1-H s o e4 0) 5s tioftiH OS 3j3 ° OS — 2; wa oooooooooooooooo OOiMOOOt-OONt-t-r-lOt-Ht^CTilMOl (N CO oaroiM COOT 030103 04 cocoes CO CO »^oooooo»oowoooooio i-HCqiOOTCOlO.HOXJJ'^MMMOOOt:- oooooooooooooooo -HtOrtCOOTrt«Dro'H«DT-!5OC0-HCOi-l •^OTTfCO-^'^CO'^'^CO'^COTf-.^COTP iOOOtOtO'*rtOTOOt>00(M05000'<3'03 ■»^OT'^C0-^'^CO'^-^OT'<1" =" fe S^-c-a-S o o '-''-' c .S.Sr^r°^0 o^ 6 d 6Z,Z, gsS ^p-oo>>>>>'0.a D.-C 'C - ^ ■-: 22^^ae.a'-=T-5..§§g'g ij-^ . , 3 3 3 M oj c« , .iSiSifis COTfO0C0t>T-H0O— lOlOt-O oooooooooooo ooiosasaiCTjasoooooo O00O0OCDt>t-O0!X>t>t>t>t> 0»-(i:£)CC oooooooooooo OTj«NiOTtTj«c^Tjt-oooooot>ooc--x^t- . o ■m;5 cd 'B ■ ■ '^ • -a c ■oo^JJ . Js .gs; .5500 CC^=3 ■ „ „ C M «^^ = := Sm° S g 2 2J °^ '^SS^^^s — ^^xgg o oSS egg M "SIS . 01 01 Ji;O«5 ■*-q"*Ti< 000000000000000000 rt* OJ t-lOlO """^ tin T3 3 TtOJlO coos ,-100 •^OTrHOOMOSONOl 00 t-lOO» t- ^IMCJCO t-int-t-oot-ootoc- 05 loioioeo 0 fa h, £-■*•>)" NNOiO cOTj<«mooi-ioo>-i" ■>* oeoooj m X a 4J in rtl-^O OOO)0)OSOSOOOOOt^ 0 t- rj«u3 CO 2" fcW NlOCO ^ T^ xJ-tC ^^^^..3«rfir5.rtTf ■>f .»f'a"3' u, •0 ooin 0000 OOOOOOiOOO 0 0000 a 0) tDlO Tji ^^^^ NNNWlNN,-(rtr-l 00 lA coco to H < 0 c 01 b ■d a 3 Nt-KO ooa>o«5 ■^■*ooTji;Dai.-ie Tj-oo 10 1- to t- «OMOCO.-l!Ot-U3 ■* CO 01 CO CO di 3 m^cioj t-OOlOlO-^lOWCOCO a> Otjiojco Tf Tl< T)C Tf IMINMIMINCJNN(N IM MMMN fa Mtr-O co>-i --I t- t-O-HNOOt-COOlO OJ reus CO CO C-OiOO t- OOOOCSGSOOCSOOSO t^ CO 0 1- iO s — 0: a £ . 0 . . . 0 -) .0 . 0 0 < ^M6 ■ - ..^. ... -a -1 S CO . ^ T(" in o >H lo CO MrHNOCa-HrHCaM uitc-Hoooomtot-oj eoeoTOMeoTOcoe^N 00 OTjir-ito .-i.-iooNa> CO ^-^TfCO ^^Tf^^CO © OiOOOOOOOO «0 Tl" 1-1 tD ■^ T)> to CJ 0> -^ lomoioooooio ooc^ioc^eooototD lA ko m LO m u:> lo LA o o o OiOlOSOl 050000>t-00 OJ eo Ti" M Oi lo Tji rt .H w t- CO •Hoe^N.HcoO'-io coo«>'a'coMoocO'-( lO OC005W to oot- ooo t-ooeo«D t-c~ 00 t0NOiOi0 0000"*O iH C0O5 coo5N;coaioo t-C-COtDr-nOrl-OSN o>T)Ni-i CO CO CO to «3 ;0 to t~ «0 to U5 CO »0 CO ic m ic to to in c-ooNiH OS CO CO Tl" t- iH lO lO lO to t- c IOU3U310U50000 oiftOio o»nu:iou5o ■^CO^tif -^ CO Tl< Tj( Tj* lO rHT-l to ejo»Ti'Oi-ic-'>tt-co •"I'M'^co'j'cotHcO'* —icDi-i-ti'eO'^t-i-iin U3CO»OtJ*u5iOCO'^'<^ Oeo'*t>ot> U3 »0 U3 W5 to »0 oo ooooooooo COTj'lCCOtOiC'^^tO 00100U50000 iCiolOtOmiOlOlOCD o ift o o 00010*00 -r}< CO iC »0 IC lO CO lO »o to OJCO •VCD -H Nio 00 o t> -v a> M (M lO 00 »c c^ -"f 05 lo -^ -i^ in cooiOimaiC^t>Tj Oi OOCJOCOi-IOJOOtOO QOOSOiOOOOiOSO) Oi iH -^t in i> t^oowcDcot- O: CTj Oi 00 W OiOiOSOOOOi ?? c I I I I 3 o u *=■ I •d -a • • 50^ ■^ M- • — C g ° MM J3_ C'Z ssslll c C u 0^ t s .s 'u -M hft > ^ o "6 CO ^ . o ea"^ so n^ -eq S-^ =« a u «^ -SSI'S -2 5 3^ i • •" • O g 3 . oi — h C3 3 OJ ^ ^3 U1T3 .^000^- a C oW •'^ 1^ */^ ■« ^ „ 03 43 fr. >. Ofa^ZZO ft, •0 13 3c"qS „3 ^■B CO Q) a -s: dS^ -§^5,9 = Set; 5^ 5« o E g " ft,* * * * fa ^ 1^1 bl||| J 1.2:^ = 1 *** •*^*^^# *5r« C* o w ^1 ta i s? «3CQ r/. Q i? 0) [^ n. « X >> w 1 § 2 « . CD ►-! « u V > -JJ a o u OS +-> d) tn '^ d CO ^ n'co'a' —I •* o iM OS o "-I Tfioo t-'^»c-coNa>o Tt< -"i* "^ Tj* CO lO Tf Tl< CO to -^ Tl* CO Tf "^ -^ lO oo looo 0000 05 X05 0000*0100 io lo ooio loio o^H io t- t- 00 «) 00 o t- t> o> o 00 00 00 05 00 1- o> NO TfOC^ C- t- 00 ^c- lO -^ ;D O «5 CD N WCOOt1 CD t> t* lO lO C* 00 t- CD »0 t' CD t- OS t-0» CDOSi-l t^ -^ CO t- »o lO lO iO »0 lO CaO t^ »0 lO CDO 05MCS t OJCOCOOJ'HO'^TfOiTH OJiOtr-COt^OS-^OOOO- oo ooio Tj< lO -^ lO -^ looioooioo •^ Tj* Tj* lO iO CO •«* lOioooooioiorHio ■^ CD T)< ^ 1-- lO »0 CO lO IC t- Ol ■* t~ C^ -H CD -H rt CO -H CO 00 C~ C^ CO CD Tf CO -^ -^ CD to tP -rt >0 -^ CD »0 Tt lO Tf -^ lO oo ooo lO C^ »0 CD CD OOOOOiOO ooooooooioo CD »0 lO »0 CD -^ CD iO »0 ■'t lO lO lO lO lO CO Tf oo rtoCO t-00 00 t-C35 t-NOiOTfC-t- >-l(M O 00 t- CD CD 00 CO Oi 00 CO 00 t> Tji CD O"* 0->l<0 OS O O OS OS 00 <-l CO -H rl" O -a- 00 Oi oo O O Ot Oi t-Ot--^OSi- ICOCOOOCD OSOQOOOt-OOSOSOSOl O w E^ O fa's 0) 01 c -'So 5S £3 O n ° -Ik c o c So o "- .3 X 0) . L^ O ^ 4^ »i f^i rt cs^ ■ — '~"S3^ . «3 " w to ^ t,0 C c : 3 y o o ^ o=<*'00 iSfci o £ S 2 yj O (3J OJ 2 .0"|| fflffi .tits 0) . 0) o o o«c2;z .2 .20 >.§ = 3 = -Q O OJ mO C^JOONCOOS CD Tf CD »0 Tj< ■T) >» 13 .'^M ■o co^:s W t. ., CJ ■o 2 £o I ^ ■^-. =^b5 •o a* oj b oj ■o^ ■ s .fa CI rt 0) _ fa a* " X x^ «-- • "; jj .0) 01 _5! cfa " oioooio eaiHcoco>-< 00 TjiTjiC-CD OS O O OS OS .H -TfilO CD t- ) lO lO VO lO lO »0 lO »0 lO iO lO lO lO oio ooto ^ CO Tl< t:)< CO TliNO OlO lO iO Tj* Tt lO ooooo Tj* lO CO CO lO CO CD lO »0 CD t- CDU5 00CO NCD tPOSC- 00 00 OS t- 00 s s S >-oo 5 2 2 X X o afaOO^ S .5 . . .^ 5*0) w m'3 S ftrt a g ooooQ rJ!0 W30J5^^ # fa* * Ph* S a)_ 13 tiT) •rcij 0) "^ mfa O 0) fa 0) ^fa^ fa g g^ »fa ■« ,"" O fe ;= "^ 1.5 m ca a; .2 I * * w * * * jj 0! § 2fflM2g C-Tl 0) N OS g g_M CS 0) * o* * ^ -i o l> r-( iH ■<* eo C5 00 in t- .-I 05 IM N r-l li5 N O iC ^ N 01 O CO lOiOOOO O CC IC lO t- m U5 "^ «D m IC in CD m m ^ Tt CO in in t)< m oo o oo in in in o o o in oom o o CO o min m o o m o Nooo (M (M .-H -H 1-1 05 O i-l .-1 1-1 CM N i-l N O in CO "H 1-1 i-H M i-H —I IN CO iH (N (M o>o ooNco-i"cDoai(N'Hco05inoo>-icoCTiiMc~eooooc~'Hai aiaioooiosoooooooiooioosoooiosoiooooos COi-li-lM Oioooo o coco o t> in o ■■3' t- 05 CO 1-1 00 CO CO o 00 Oi Oi CO iH CO ^ tr- CO CO OS TjicoinN COM Tji CO CO I* N Ti< iM in CO CO CO in -# eg CO "ii CO CD CO CO in CO CD CO noo-^im in in in in m in in m in in lo in in in in m in in in in in in in m in in inininin mo coco ONinininoinininoooinoinT-*oinoinoinino ^COCOCOCO^COCOCOTj^^TJlCO'^CO^TfCOTfCO^COCOCO oomin in Ti-l O O: CD 00 t- t- t- 00 CO 05 05 N -^ C~ ■^ CO N IN CO CO 1-1 t> Tf ■^ iH in rt CO 1^ m in -^ CO -^ in -^ ^ CO in Tji -^^ Tf in -^ in Tji -^ in in in -^ CO in Tj* co-^min ino oooooooinomoooooinoooooinoo ■T}lNOO'-lT)i'^(MinClCDt>';tiOOOT}0> cDb-cocococooococDcoC*iococDcoincocot-inincoinin t> in ^H 1^ OOO) ^ini-iot-oOi-iwcooocoinoincDrHoooi-iinc-MiincD 05030J«:50C>OiOOiOOOOO)OiO>0>e3105000iOOOOO-. wo Ort -^CD 0> Oi O Oi , d . .s o- o- Cm Q3 ;S S 2 rt J:; t- 1 J3 * fea)2-C CO rt CO rt N 1-1 rH tH tH M tH CD 02 incowooincMojco (M iH CJ CO M CM IM N oooinomoo cot>incoinTfcDin OiH050C005COCO T(*TtlCOCO'«#COTjccoTHTj< t>cot>incococ^^ OOOOOOOO OOOOiOOOO OicOCDCDCOWOCO OOOOJCJOrtO oscDcOi-t'^ji'^inco O0O500CDO1O1O5C3S .B^ 0)^ O O m 0) O SC— — C3S IJ j3 ■- s- 0. g • -2,^^ . . . O ^ a ^ O *" r-t^^ >^'T3 2 til-. i-)'^co 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 fl 0. 13 13 1) ^-^ Tl O U 1 rr o H o r; 1 U P 1 n w o (In U, C2H ^ as <4-C 0 m -a; 9) Q a CO &Q >, C4 < S~ ^ V •M HH e« o. a o jd NOW -H O Tf --I 0» t> ■* O ooiNO ■* "* < Nooco N ■* IS M (N (N (N N IM (N CO CON cs 1^ N-^PJ ooo(N-HCaoio 00 fi*ad t- Tf 3 TjiTt Tf ■«< CO CO U3 05 CO O CONN fa 2fl a , -u eooco 00 0» -H 00 N to t- o OONN o CO <£> oONO-iaxM CO CJN-* O) Oi gu (OtO to CO CO CD CO CO ^ CO CO ■rfiata CO s'2 OOO lO lO lO lO N lO in o NON o U5 Tt rfito OOOOOOO CO -HN^ CO N H o§ fa ■o ^OOJ O t- COOCO t-c- CO CO— 1 CO 00 -H a to coos t- lO t- h 3 OOO o> 00 o 00 00 CD 00 CO 03 lO'-* ■* o> fa C O5C0 1O ■>!< O lO 0> t- .-( O o Tjit-CO CO rt CS t- 00 CO OO 00 O 00 o» U3CO t- OS (M ^ H =S 2 c S d • ■ D ^ u u 2 < d Mills, Inc. we Milling Co. . we Milling Co. . Martenis Grain Co ine, Bodman & Co. artz Grain Co., Inc Bay City Sugar Cc 3 o fa "3 . . d 6 6.S Di ■~ 6 6 '"' s < 2; ^ CO t» OO S3' I. I- § c* ca^ c o •V 3 K '^ rt 0! cOO m t- t^ _? 0) 0) •- eo 01 a w T3 o fa =3 Allied Larro Larro C. J. Milm Schw West 01 a c M 3 3 jj O 3 3 zee < cs fa T3 0) • . • -o II -III ^ 1 1 £• 1 1 1 1 — 3 1 3 ^ •0 « b CJ . . . a. ^ t3 1 •a • • • a* ■ S fe o « 1 1 °^ 1 1 1 1 V IV fa •O &; O fa 1 to . .-a fa c o 1 ca 1 V *- S u a •a o . . . ■o S ai 1 a ^ "Cfa ^■^ CQ a; .2 pa fa Hominy Fe White . Yellow . Paragon «l ,l, 1 . , Q s r3T3> 3 a>l^ Sf.s| P lr-N«0 1-C -^ ■<* -H — 1 — ■ ffj CO NN05 -, N M a INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 11 w lO^Hin N oj t- eg CO o "-c Tji t- o rH ;o Tf 05 (o (N o in 00 o eg eg t> CD oi »H OS t^ -^t eg 10 10 00 as t-h eo 10 1- 00 co ^ 00 o eg co as o co eg CD t^ t> t^ 00 t- CD 00 1-H rf 00 as O 00 05 0> CO I> t-0000 t* t-OJ 000 OCO t* 1000 OOOi t^ t- OS OOOi CD lOcDcg 000 eg w CD^H eg t> cDcg Tj*co eg o cgosoegoo-HCDCDoo— icoocD ooooiooO'^ocDO'-tcgooococooiocO'^ioaiO 0100 lOlOUOOlOOUt>OlOU5lOOOlO looioooiooooowsioioioooooooo t>CD ^ 03 Tjmcgioo5 0-^t>mO'Hooioooo-<3't-t-(N 000 OS ■^asosa^oOTHcoioosot-asos-^ osasosooaiosooooooooooooooos ascooocoot-t-Oi-iiooocoososooeaoocd'O oooot>oooooooosooooooooost>osoooooasooos at a bo be C C • . . . CS CU O O OX-C 000 Ji g ■ bo 5>0 Ma tq c c c . _ T3T3T3 73 T3 "O T3 TJ TJ 'O . TJ ^^ T3 C^ CJ i-^ Qjcuo) a>a)a>a)a>_aj o rj 6 6 6 d ^ og 3 to b« bo bJ— . . C C C C C rt ^ S :s ;=: S — ,° bl bo .s.s • 00 ^ 0^0 6 6 6 6 6 6 ■3 SSSiSS £ dec Cx;. .000 o m »>• 000 a/-;. '^'^ a a a tn 1^ , t dJ CU QJ 2 >.3 Ttego C N a, =^.2 O c ooegegcDh-ca ojO eg w m m^ a>^ ^ ^ ooccoc _j^ 0 tl >, >> CJ >ivO > M .os.o o 2 (-"•■'-- 5 c Tfo a t- o) *- ^ . a; > „ fcWW.i:g C CS CU^-'O O I ' .^-. T3 ^ C O o « S 3 3 ^^fe 'f^ .S .2 ■ rt <- c c ■ ■ c c « 3.2.2 .2.2 g " '3'3 ^'-^Cl, 3 c^ [l, 01" OJfc. 01 ^[i. :\2 ^i>ioi i„'-'-iegT3 ^^■----aVS c o o ^ o Cm J go; . £ §5 S g a 01 (-.-ax) i;'-' 2 5 5 t^ 0) t- 0) .— .— o . 03 o o ■— pqOcqeqwpqMHOOQ •3 b^.i:'3 ^~" o"302^ ^ t? £ o cgi: aT3M >..mW g >. S go e5 2 bj bc.g s eg^ ^-Hco iTi<-Hcg-HM--icoOTeg-i-H — legro—iegegegOTi-i^egrtegegegeg'Hegeg-fl" 12 3 .s n o o « u . o O 3 = I ^ w o ' o «1 « tin S - ^ ^ ^< I— I •on et u 9) > < O O _. QJ , 4J t-l C QJ jL y gM£H2 OS 5 0) o 5 « 2 w o. CONTROL SERIES No. 59 0» «! ■ 50 N 00 t- N ■* U3 ;0 t> t- a> ■* 0» -H T-1 00 a> t- 0> rH O CO CO 0> «£) CD lO "5 »0 u:i lO lO lO »0 U5 ;0 Tj< U3 lO 00 -^ CO U3 t- CD C> CD CD t^ lO CD Wi CD -^ 00>»0000010 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0OU20 -HOSOOOOO OOOOO 00 00 N 00 00 -H Ol O r-( N w >-( rH ,-( 0> cq o OJOOOO THC-MlOMOiCDCDO OlOOCDOOOOOOOC-OO 0->*t>COCDOJ05lO'*t-COOCDt-OOCO t-t-^t>0005000000C^OOOJOOilOC- OCDWOO OSI>00t> W 00 -^ t- CD "-I CO 1 OCDOJCDr-IOOCOmt- C- tH Tj- 0> CO CO (M t> 00 t- t- CD 0» CD lO t- OJ Ot-t-rH t-Noo U50ju5io^a>^u50oomo>ooo oo>-hooo U3 Tjt Tl< -^ lO Tjt lO ■'^ ■'t •«* lO Tf lO -^ -^ -^ lO Tj* lO TJ1 O T}< ■<* Tt lO Tf '^laiOrj* oinooooooo CO-'t-^^COlOlO-^-^ ooiooooooooooooomio -^■ O C- -^ IM Tji O •-( t- O CO ■-" r-( O-HOOOS ooooooooo CDNO'^OO-^OOl'^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO -^OOCOOIO'^OOCD'^OCD'^OCDT]* OOOO OOOTl" HNNN .-ICJMNIM CJ-iM(NNN(NtH N(Mr-ie c^ CD "^00 CD CD 00 ■* (M "O O CO 05 CO •^ lO ^ ^ tXM CC CO -H -H CD in .-I 00 CO -H ^ CO OOOOJiOt-ONOOOJ Oi0i0oot~a>a5 0>oo MTjitr-OOCOOCOOOJOJNOTtOiC-t-O <3500 000 05«nC7>OOOOt>0 00 CD -^l^ »0 ooooc- bO U) Ul bo c: c c c E4 C^ C4 C4 O O O CJ ai m m K O 0) QJ OJ SSEE C C C C CMWW ■ ■ 'l-o-lGO W u O o . .:= o I S c m t- I. g (uQC-lpg I-. 3 a> a) g •- . . ^ * ,SEEc n> fii (11 fl) M 4J 4J +J +J c c c Co 01 OJ « 0) 3 . o o o ^, i i S MM MT3 ^■^-^ c c c c m - , Pj CQ C4 P3 1 a) (D 0) 0) 01^^^' S E £ E Exxj= oo2^ P5PQ c^^ l" S >» O O >>. .3t;.t, b£ &I £S§ ^^E Q-aQ Sco ftTJM^TJ .S,.2 .^5 ._C_ . .3o2'*0 So.r"oT3r£ ^rS .^'^ g.2 2^^" t^^glO) g.?^fS^Q3oC^ g^«^«.sS^Sw.»§§ f,--?3S^ »Q^^ £ S-2 S £ £= 2 S,£ o £ E E •-«§jCC-a;a)""o;MgtfmMm^E££mE^-S •fe? . CO T).2 b '^■B'^ o!l«§ s, a) 0) rr' JS o g >>>..5^H i" t, I- ca ■* " g „" rt-WT) O E."^ c c c-^ •i; >>o.2 JSJH « uj— 0) ca cs cs^ HfePiZOO •2 0! C ««« ojQ-o ^— "> S-o S O 0) rt — •w'3 « c a >>a) cs O > t- tfHO in e^ 1-1 d (M rt >-(i-i N CO N CO tH rH to T-i 1-1 >0 -"f .H T)i M CO 1* >-l N i-H iNt-N INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 13 eqo>eo lO tDr-lt> t- ^M O) 00 CO to CO 1-1 1- o — 1 ■* t- 00 Q> to o egot-t-ootoiooo CD lO us 00 lO U5 Tt -^ lO Tj< CD lO TO t> to CJ5 -* lO lO U5 CO U3 •^ •* lO cocototOT5«m'-Ho -HN O IN IM T)l tr- to to o to t> CO 00 to 00 TO 00TjiioirarHOCT>o> t-00 1- o lO 00 05 05 Oi tr- 00 o> 00 o 00 OtOOOJt-OO t> to 00 to tot>t>egooooc-t- rrOieo to CD U3 o t^ io .H eg ^ 00 (N rt O 05 00 "-H Tt ,H O rt eg t- egegotot-oicjst- t- >n OOTO ,-liO CO t> (M CO o 0> lO eg M 00 to O) eg eg \a oooosoorHOoo Tf-^lO ■* O lOlO UD ■* •* T)< lO-^^iOiOlOlO^ ooo o O OOlO OO o lO lO lO o o»o lOo o lo »o U5 O la U5100100000 ■<3<"3"3 ■>* T^IOIO -^ ■<* 'S' lO ■^ Tjl ^ lO T^ TO Tj< CO lO ira Tt< ■* T)i TO ■^■^'I'TOlOTliTfTji lON'-l t- m Tf^iM ■*t> CD 00 t- o t- TO-^t-t^OrtOO •* o t- tDto<7>i>inegiocg TJIIOIO 03 CO-* Tj<10 ■*-^ ■* T)< -* lO ■"f lO TO Tji 5^ lO U3 Tj< Til Tl< tl< TllT)ITOT)<-JlT)lT)n TO to-* eg -H eg NNN (M tH(M t- eg oi eg -a- to TO TO eg ooooooJcgi-Htoeg 00 05 00 o> O5l>00 00 OOO 00 00 O OJ t> 00 00 X 00 00 00 o O o> o O5ooo5ooi>oooo o o • a a 6 6 6 d o tj 5J ^ o j3 o mm' uoo o o .S-S.S ■5 '5-3 a a a t- t^ L^ OOO www 1 a c i'3'3 oO O bo ^ C:3 O O O U O U o o u o .O c c CI M . . . 5? M M bd M bO d 6-- O O O .S bo bo's M bo bo goo 6 O N nO ■ o o !^ S ^ S S S E ^ ^ .-H :^ 0) "^ -^ '^ a s s^-^ooo -d TS -O T3 t« Lh u. t^ cd t4 C4 ^ o o . ■»-> +J . M W S S .'3 '3 u t. '- • eOO ° S § S ^s § a § 01 0) St-— w c a g i; i; !; §:§S2;ooo - OJ QJ (-1 3 O oo'§ Cl,Pli ^ .3 .J^ £5 •Q ;^ 0) > M > 3 5 =< o*^ o +-* ' 'S ^ '43 ^ Ova W,'^ Ih O O CO °fci to "fl s >>"fl ^ -2 '-a c«-VQ c3 OS O ■ n o ■ a o • a o es iti tf « >, ■ >. cs a ^« Q Q •-M •^ • ^ ca t-> rt-d eg eg o o bov „ i-g 2 3 MM ta.is S CD C •- ^o S =« 2 1^ Qo^fc.'-'Sb s« _ '-' >>tr- 0) ea eg *3 *-> /-^ . »- _ «f o Q Ph .m g > 0( o 3 . o 2 OP3E-im<;eL,A< N tocgcg T-{ rHegiHoo eg-* "-i ih to eg n th to to to i-i eo eg e* ih ^h eg eg -h c>q fh w i-h 14 O O . o ^ = 1 ^ O -^ I 4> w n^ - "^ ^ c • ~-' •00 C3 s O CONTROL SERIES No. 59 sIhs C4 OJ o9 U3 t- Tt t- « 05 «> 0> -H a> NtJUO ■^ OMNmO •*O00O 05COCO(3»t- t^ lO lO U5 ;D U3 -^ -^ CO W3 !D Tj* Tt lO CO t* »0 ?C lO U5 lO Tj< (O tJ* CO CO Tt U3 looooooooooinooo laou-. oin OU3010 ooa>oo>Ho "-1000000 00U500 OOMOONO ocDeacocoeot>05'o^N'Ooocc eJOr-ioMOOoii-ii-icoojt-oo eooo-vcDoq oot- t-O"-! t— ^ Cs ^ c-t- t-t- 05 N CD CO ■"!)• COO) CO 00 00 lOO-^Nt-cD'S'OO.-iooooooj C0»»'O>Ot:-00OOT'^0>a>i-lM«5 locc'-ioai oi'-H-Hc-j N W t^ t^lO U5 05 OOOCO Tj* CD Tj* -^ Tj< TJ* -^ lO "^ rJH Tj* »0 lO Tj« Tf ■'S* lO Tf Tj< -^ »0 iO IC UO Tj< lO -^ Tt lOooomooooNinoioo OTC0e0C0(NC0C0W?q-^CC00O CO'^'^^CO^^CO'^^^^^CD 00 05 00 CD 00 ^ CO CO CO CO ■*-*>oco inocnooo Tf lOCO W3 "^ oooooooooooooo O-^-^-^OOOCDTtoCDNOiO ooooo ir5 -t^o o o oooo OOOCO ooooo CD.-iOt1-l -^ W N M 04 N i-tOit-iHOCDCOOt-OO^lOOlO .-^inioiOrHi-iMooio^t-NeJco O CO r-( CO "^ rH O CD CO lA 05 i-" "3 C OTft-rtcoooj-a'Ot-ooNooco oioot-cnoooit-oooxoot-ooc^ •^cjoooo -"^ a> 05 o 00 OS t- 00 0)00 a> 00 00 05 Ort TfCOCO O t-ooooo o o o agj.s ouu ° t- s •33333333 ^S.'H ^*^ 3 CL, fl4 Oh (1, fl, ft. Oh O'CCtf Pi M .S .S .S .S .2 ctf cQ cJ C^ ClJ U t~i u, %-, u cocoa ui ai oi m C C c t: C^ ^ C] E^ C4 c c c c ^ oi c4 c4 oooo vi m 1/1 03 c c c c c4 ^ ^ c4 s c c c s vi ^ d ^ ^ MWWOJM OTWMW mQOwH & : « ;§ rj o QT) O 1) P-j-i "3 ; • o c3 se- s a o ■ 30 3« fe «(S(S ■gtf ain cco jj(M (jcgfa -" oj ca c « c c« ca i..3.3.3 ►^ r g ta C3 CS _ ^ O c c c'5'S c^ Tj tt u-a >,W lo ftnft-ftH g.t:u:,i >> rt '.2 ■■- "^ •- ■- >>•-" "" ■'.fl t * C ftH0'0'0'«e3^^ WKPnti^ ^^W^ pqEHwtfP ■.ex 3^ o (3.S — iNrHCOCO— lWT)l-!)>lONi-lMr COMN-HCl .-l"^.-!.-! — l-ai'-HcccocooO'-itDrHotct-Hicai OiOia>owt>ooaiaioooooiCiOiajoooiXt^ u o C c hHI— ( oT CO 0) (1) eg cs vt 6 6 fafe OO 4> a> . • « c c > > o o ?•=•= g g g i-OO'OUOO c c c c c c.2^^, O O -^ -^ m m w m m K iS .^ 5 .^ S .^ '^ ° ° °,9 S S « >t>t>>t> (D Qj 0) Q) 0) 0) '^'^ 00 Tji t- moo !£i 00U5OTl-l ooooo t> t- U500 USC-lOOOOlOO t-m looooo ^H ^^ -^ CO -^ W OJ «-< 00 ■<)< .-I 00 CO N ON00OTfU5rHT(> O 05 -< Tt< IX: IM rt ■ Tf CD U5 lo Tt u:i ir5 Tj< uD CD lO u^ lo to OOOIOOOIMIO Tru5cococor}«coio 00IMt>coooooo5(Mm OlCCOOi 00 t-OC5 00 0> lO in O5 05 lO Tj< IC CC t^ *-l ooooosooo E tZ n c ^ c:= m „_ ST3 'K : jso 1^ O •«; 'i; •■o « S>.oi a) ca- 11 5=1.2 n '3 " L "- r^ ._ _ Ji « .s 3i>2 0) 2; i T3 oj C-- O M>^T3 P sSS^i 5^5— 3 3=: 3 a'c-- !ib S^ r, - " - ^ "■ S ;5 E rt S 3ic- OJ CSOr, EJ5 S is 5 = '0 o w 1 3fC — -J i-ifjrt-HN— iM-Hcoro«-H i-Hc^eqe^e^ ^-.^(MrtM (NIM-H(«rt^C0-H OCDOTTf to ^ Tf in oooo 0>0S t-N ooc- ^ t- lO CD CD O MtCNtIi rtOOCD OOiOiO OOCDMr-f OOOO (NNIMOJ C-OOOO t~ CO ^ Tj< CO U3 050C- OOOOO a> oi m E E o^ c a) -ifn M >. c3 ca -M -*J 11 WW C C -oS L^ ^ .£ S ta ca y rH ^j 4_, 16 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 iri -^lO CO CO -^ iou5oooiO>oseoo»w>HNog Tl<-#COC0MN'*COO3COCO-

  • C t- OO OS 0> 00 00 05 a> 0> t- 05 05 00C~tO OOO'^ lO iO IC ^ lO (^ U5 Tjl Tf in CO tC 05 COtJI ooooooo oo N IM ■-( 00 M T)i N NN 00 -^ t> «o CO N lO Tlipj OOO'^COmutl Tj< ^ o o . "ma U Q I «, a ^ 09 (^ '3 05 k' « rO "Ot C3 II C4 0) coN-^ OOOOOOOOOOOlO •*-^C0t(U3 INOOO C0'<*C<3 0iU5C~OCTJNt-JJt>00iOt:- TtCOtM^COlOCO-^CO-^COTf 0"3 O ooo c^coco ooao oooooooooooo o^ooiaiasasoaiaiOioo OS i-o t- 00 in 00 lO^^CO T-ICOO C0l0lO^00CDC^CJ00r-lt>O CDMOO>005050^00S—( »-( Tj< t^ 005 00 W-H O Ot-iO 0> 00 00 0 00 0500 00 005 05 0 o>o>o>cx>ooaioot>a)ooo»cJ! •s • s c g c '3 0)'"' <1 ■" M c c "O-c o oJS . 2 0) 0)"- . PQpqZW w b«_ III 3^ § O o o o 2|i . *-• -M >> • ooooooo oo 05 CO •* IN CO 05 ■^ eOTt c^ «5 to ■^ IS in 05 coco CO CO -^ Tf U5 CO TJ' W UD OOOOOOIO O U5 O^ O 05 X O l> 00 05 00 00 T)< 1-1 00 TJ" OS N CiO ^ 1-H O CO Oi 00 CI 05 00 M CO t- 00 t- lO c- ^so 050t-t>t-ooo ooo • c • be c ti 5 OJ SPQ' Oo ■ ■ CO rU 7> IH Ot-i ^ . . .° ■w £3 5 c tf r. ns — Co Chow Ration ng Rat UK •Bl«^l qJ c P ,9 ing Ra ng Rat na Fitt ot Fitti rade F ed . ed Far ng Rat S-g-n|^u;-sii bii,ei,2a tJfe 03 '^ JJ -a -O ■ . 0) ii^ ^ . .M •s« 1^ -^ gj^fef^^fefeoj^fe^g^f X j3>.352c-2Sj3.t;2>3 ii .2 M CQOOOO'WOWHPki; S^a-^, ■ ■ • • fe« OT3 >- 4) -TJ fe r** 0) 1) O o oj^fefefe Ti S SS go" w o g g.a; E fe '^'o ■a X -a rt ^i N(MOTaOM'HCCIMiOM CO oinoooo (N05Tl<,HMeq ooooooo eQOO(N"*MNN 00000>«i«00000iC000 0000 ■HOOO>05^tO<£l'-iajlOCT>05t>'^T-IU3 00t-'-l :£) ;D C- Utl 00 lO "^ O — lOOOOO ;d O -H 00 Ti< Tji t- T|i CO N (M CO M N •<)ia) c<50500t--^T)<«>t:-;DC^'-l00'*i3SOOC0NC0t0 ■^ N Tj" 1-1 ;o o> T-i Tj< 00 o -^ CO t* t- o <0 •* "H T-H lO i-H tH CO 00 1-1 CO -"f C- M 05 O CO O -^ IM M 05 lO ^ -tl" OS CO CO t- iH .-( Til lOM CO CO lO M t- t- Til i-( Tl» CD <£> CO lO ;C 5£) CO ^ iO ^ e£) C£> U3 CO Tjl ;0 CO ^ ^ CO oqoioiooo CO ^ CO CO ^ ■^ oooooeoo ooo CONCOCOCOMCO CON OCOeOCOlNCOCONNNMCOCO-HNNCOINCqCO ej N CO M CO CO CO tH CO Til CO CO lO lO CO Til CO 1-1 CO Nt* CO Tt Til CO N CO CO eOTii OOt-lOt>CDCOCONlOt-OTlli-tOlOt^O*OTlllO OCOCOCONCOCOCvlTlifqTtieOTliMCONTticONCO oooooo OOIOOOJ-HOO OOOOiOOO a> 00 OS 00 0s 91 o OlO OS t> OUSOOOiOC-OOOOlOlOOOOOOOlO 0 010SOSOOOOOSOO'HOOOSOOOS'HOSOSt>OS Tiiosost-ooo O OS OS OS 1—1 OS cocoomoocoo coco OCOOSt>WOi— I OS X oeoi-itoosooooTjioio(j5COT)iosTtno(Mi-(oo -HOOOOOiHCJiMi-lcOOOSMiHOCOOOSOOO CO 1-1 Til iH Tfl N OS 00 OS 00 OS OS M lOMOOO CO t- 00 CO 00 1-1 OS t- OS OlO OS OS OSt-inOSTjlUSNt-T^COTliOOCOOOTliCOTllOSM COrH— (■-iM^COOS'-KMi-IM.-lCO-^NMOOKM o o o d c c gO ■o so ■ ■ O l-l ■ ■ • •£ c - ca = — *a-- "1 01 t.-3'^ ca „'*^ a; .^ c a 3 06 ^ o n! o! o ox 6^ 12 a = = £ d o"fe U«S«S g c^ y, T3T) m fcH fc- Q^ -^ fc- — rt cy x3 r72 ^ ri^ WW 'ss - - o o o • £ S cWM « oil— I ig Kl ES r°^°^ ■ !3 i; o =^ =i ^ mJS do . S S c "oj "S QO «W^XJ3 CO c3=: w m C C ° W r/5 ^ ^ ^ 22^ a a 0,^^ o°a <3<5 o « h,h;owHWH;»^wi-»Q S fe = . .J.S . . . -13 O o CI o M ^ -^fefcifeg •w.S o- -^-g^ S i «5 E.M 3k ^fS^^ S-;: TJ CJ a; o . a; +-» Km ■-fi c ^^^3^ o o.^ '•S3 0) 0) <■■ o o y MM T3 a g a) c £3 ■ (u ■ e ta W 3-- -aQ ' iia^Vi „^ •"M ta> OW^no "o'E ca-g[£ ca — 1 "' W fa 3 ° Hi" fa s " a, aj* tt)-; ffl C OT3.2 .3 2 >,cj c 3 •^ ca g o g 5 ^ .-S 0)3 & ■a £ OT3 ■ S ° 3 S 0) M W ■ 3 mfa a* 2 ajO ' g aj rt ^ £ '- ^M E s £ e -J i-^ ca ca — 1 CO o-Wwwww a> '3 a) -O ? ft, . ■ 0) o -cSfa • coxl o e =« tf £Mlmg Ci-|H m.m— ^ g'^T3 c3.2 ^ >'J2 c i3 •g°!a2«^ HfaOOCQ Nt-l .Hi-INNN eq rH M N tH 1-1 N rt N CONNMNCOi-li-lMNCOeMeO'^Ni-lrHNCaCHi-i 18 o "-^ ^ -« -^ •O S3 3 « o y t;^ § ^ |5 a§ I « - Ei, >.P-. « c« a o OS O _ 01 , -w H; H ID X u a 01 OS iz; M S =" CONTROL SERIES No. 59 lOOOCOt-NtD in CO ■>!< IM 05 --I vo to o •* CO N ro M OJ "5 (N U5 icl(M CO CO la N U5 05 CO ooooooo oooooooo>oo NC^OOjmWOJ lO N 0> .H rH to 05 05 to 00 0> "3 00 t:- iH t-OJ to T)< t- 00 U5 -^ to CO rH N OlOMiOtOt-tO N 00 to t- 05 CO to t- >0 U3 CO irt 0> <35 lO to »0 »-l 05 t^iO NO^ X to too lOOOOiOON r-l CO CO CO CO CO CO --(CJCONNNCOr lO U3 T-( to O •«i* tH N CO ^ CO ^ CO ^ NOt-COtO>-llOOlOtO N-^COCOCONCONCOCO ■»)< 00 >-l r-l t- 0> N C- O "-1 1-1 CO cq to lO N t- r^rHOr-IOCOO OOi-l rHrHWrHCONO O 0;S go.. M-i a o (J •S mS mtj .= .S-w e ir •c S 2 g M a S 5^ « ° S 3 3 g 2 2; l^ Oh CL, Oh . . o 6 6 6 6.5 oouo 2 CO m tn m M mrh — ^ -W -M -tJ +J ^^ IS^oooo s t. t. t- t, '^ cj cd (11 fii ni fii .^ r* r* /T« M ^ n* ^ '3 o ego '3 01 I- oots §o> -H ax; c 35 .a b'S w o ■"O-g .2 I fe 5 2 0 0) » •* CO C) g«'3S • ■ £ a) • ««^ '256 r,o 01 .:: tf^ co»> 00 C3 o e2s a; 3! o -H 00 00 c- U5 TjtlOTli 0000 00 000 00 ■* to to to-* 00 00 ooino CON ■*■* O10M05 10 -* in CO 0; 3 0 •a 0) a ujoomooc- ooinoinooooou5 0000 g 0 to 0 a> i?> 0 T)i o> O) 9) 0 0 0) 05 9) 0 0 0 10 toco ■* a 3 Tji t- .-1 -* 0 N t- O-^TjirHiOCOOOtOi-l OOrHOOrH PL, oooiOosNino OOOOrHOOOrtrH CONIMC- Oin iH rj< 00 to too u 5 O -60 ogos 0)W mj3 o — O rt 0> 0)'^ 'lh Lh c4 C4 03 ^ 3 3 3 3 3 3^„ -,_ . . _ . OnfLiO'C'O'O'MMpffi HfaCO &0 T30 03 c« 1^ ■.Sfci ■as"' ^. ^ *- 2 o 0) • cqH o PJ TO —^ C3 m -^ ■"^•a g oi fafa ^, O 0) ^.^ 0) ajSfa t. =2Kfa go «o a, 0) eM o^ o ofo a •^ !:^ S E J3 J2 3 3 3^ .^ JJ JJ 4J o 3; ^o'Mao'^^SS ^ S c •3 CS ctl $ M oom? tH rH 1-1 CO CO rH tJI -^ r-( M N rH rH in eg rH N t-to 00 to 100 MM Nt- ©o O'^l' 10 CO t-o» a c II c« a & ^ CU C4 WM CH CS c d 0 0 3 3 cd CU 00 ca .2S ^ -^2; ■0 0 3 0 01 0 ja 13 Ofe INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 19 CO 1-i a Tji -rt in O»00«5 t- t-oo oooooo 00 co;o CO looo »— I CO CO OJ CO »-H -ma l> ;0 t- ^ t- WfH -^ CO rH -^ -^-H 00 »o -^ t> c<) t™ «D lO O Tj< CO 00 o^ t^ t* t^ ;o »-i 5D 00 CO ;d t^ 00 CO 00 1^ t- t^Tfcot- t^ oo o lo la oo ^ o oo ooooo ooioooooooo y3 CO CD CD O lO CO lO lO lO lO CO CO lO t^ OOlOlO CD t> -^ »0 ooooooooo co'Ooow:'cocot>x^a o o t> t- -^ o cooocoocooo — < IM CO Csl CO r-< lO iOiH CO UO t* coos OCO 00 N ■^ CO ■>* -^ CO ■* ^ o^ ^ o^ CO ^ CO ■'f Tf Tj* i-fU500t^05COOOOCOai lO-^COCOCOTl'CO'^-^W inco Tf tc t--HO!CO00N0000-H ■^i'lOTl'COCOCO'^NCD IM(N ■<* t> O TJH -^ -^ CD 00 lOCOOC-COOiCOCOOlO [-Tt-OOOlO-^iHCOOOOO CO Tf Tt N -^ii .H Td< CO O C<1 CO CD T}< lO in lO lO lO rj< »0 m CO lO lO »o »0 lO lO I too lOimO ooooo •"^ Tf -^ -^ lO ooiraooooiooo oooo UD Tt -^ Tf oooooo«oo OOO-qiCOOlN locjooo ^ CO ■* o> CO 00 w CO lo 00 lO u5 lo m CO T^ Tjj rj* u5 m '^ in m m CO -•^ "^ t:- O^ ^ O^ CO -"i* lO -H 05 00 Tf oooooo ocoNt-ogo (N rH ■-! rH rH N ooooo c~ t-cD in o oooooooooo t>t>coinc^t-[>Tfcoco ooinin t- ■^i>oo inoooooooo cot— t-'-^int't^t^t- iHOJOOCO-^lO OlOrH WMrt N rH rH i-( <-H (N CD t> r-l O -^ r1 00 CD t- 00 cot- OS -^ in CO in CT>O5 0Ot^-H coint>t-caT)icot>co"* CDOJOOlOCTiOOt-CDCDCO O-H t>00 o> t- in o Oi-^oiTHcoocsa^in OOOOOO-^COOC-OOOi osooinNin 00 O ^ O) 00 OJ'^OiCTlOiCOCOCOCOOO OOOC005000505C350000 CO i-H t- CO OT O 00 ^ t:-0OCD-<*'»1<-H00i-lt- oooxoxcioiajoo o o ci CIS ^5 « &&§ I- ^H>> — ■ — — '^ O t) o u c c c s 6 T3 T3 TJ 73 . ca 0! t c ° ° fe & 2 t^ •3 cg-3^ .JSJS . . 5?3 1= g.s| a h c a 5 O) tt) !3 o o o C ,„ tm M ho- rn c c c 5i ■^ — — — -C C OJ 0) QJ^ 5000- ,s.s™s § s ^ .S.S'^c ca cjcy— ' c ca m 3 3 c:= O O C3^ T3T), 01 ra - 2 '^ ■0« 0) C « _ c«___ ■ *t3 c3 ^ rt ca Sfe T3 0 0 S-S-S -.5 i . g oSocc-cttS t)oo>>>,gcao SM£^^2^c5 "CJ bo-' to ^ i2 '5 c 'C c .S c c ^ gSx55s2£2o ^§-c1^3&S glials C~. (J! t, S0tu™MO _ c c c-c .2 CD 0) o) ca • ■■«■« • S c • tj 0) (u -43 • - :s S? .S -S J= ^ M 2; XI 0) OJ I p 5 X OJ QJ QJ " +J 4J ^"w ^'c "O 3 3 c'o S n S ^3 5 c 2^-c "3 c ciS c c.« j3 3 3 "J g ca ^ m -C 4^ J3 ^ is J3 J5_ ca rtO § §; =- !r > c ^^ is 0 t- -c cq 0 s.- «o m ■3:S'3 S ca c ca ^ -H CO (N CO ooino o o OO o oo o O o OOOOO w iO to «0 » to lO CD 00 t> to t- w 00 00 00 00 t> t> t-c- tot- 1- Ed O C CD fi< T3 lO t- CO in ^ ■* 00 05 IM '^ corf 00 ooo -H ■* rH 00O->l'Ot- a lo ■* ■* to in ■* in Tj< to tc -"r 00 in in inin -*co to 2c n> 4J Tjl tOtCNOiMift'O to I- IN OS to tHOO CT> O o NOO tCHOS X 4J eo 00 t- to to 00 to (M to t- «■* CO OS^ 00 ^^ CO t- rt t-in-qi g M iw to O U5 in lO lO lO lO in in lo in m mcD ■* m in in in in lo i^ ■o o ooommioo o o mo o oo m o o inoooo a tC Tf -^ Tt ■* Tl> Tf T)l ■-i o N 00 •q< C-rt CO >HOi i> ■* ■* ■^inm too 3 o CO coin in in in in in in in CO-* m T1.CO m in m rt in in o to • i 13 o OOOOiOOO o o oo o OO o o o cooooo s 3 ;5 01 ■* ■* to in t> to to t> to in in«> c- -acsf OJ 05 w toa>o>in t- ■d m tl< (M t- ■* 05 Tl< to t> CO MCO ■■* 00 Tji IN m in toegoinoo fe 3 o fa in to c~ in c- 1- 1- oi to in into 1-lT-t t> ^Tjl IN c^ o t--HO0 t- 1- 1-1 OJ rH .-( l-H IM t> Oi oi 05 i-H in Tj* t> M in 00 co COCO CO in 00 OS in t- ooo c« C 00 ^ ooo en en 00 t^ 00 <3i 00 00 1- X OS ^ ai x D H O 2 6 V u z < U bo c c a a § . . . o d 6 6 bo '"' '"' rr-i d o o oO f ) C ) o.S o B o • -OOO M bo bo bO.-=! O OrS ... 0) w s < Z 3 ' 'SSiag c 1 E _C i Qi E a) c bo a 1 .2^ ct! a o o o a OOO ° ^ iH I, t. C a c O OPL, "C 3 Ah c <2 3 'E 01 a a 3 d 3 3 3 m foO'O'O'tf C T3 3) Q ...... .^ . ,1 . .0)1- IS T3 -JSJS • o s 8 o O E 0 » o j: ^- fe:= S bO |.| o S .S — T3 C &-I ti &bog s h/ a> f -^ [* CJ . o p -g • moo-g a 01 0) oifa .Scco.S ^■3331 s; Q H ii 75 4) ^ ■ O ■ >> mis mE 5 C o O n . 1 - iJ III. 11 ■0-gcs^l:^ =S O U ? ^ .= - sj l--2 2gg« ■ ct < bo c CO s ■ bo c ■ C o « & 0) 3 •a & o X b£ bC 01 ■0 n O c ei! 13 0) c 0) C a tH en w « < C s: 'O B 0) o |o in bO u .52 X k. o |«^ 0) 01 3 «= C^"^ Q bo n a boo c (3-3 B! C.S C bO B 'e c '3 c « — OJ 0) 0) m E.3^^^ a) o g« ■a 0) Offl w ?0|5 §Q c 3 -1 -1 4^ 1^ -1 -1 a a a a o. ■" 3 3 3 O O K >-5 1-5 ij iJ iJ : CO « aq ?;<: < Ofc In 3h X O'G'O'Pi 1^ O ^ rt NMrHM^NN ^ r-( (M _ N rt ^ rt rt N ^^-^^ 7J INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 21 OS CO O U3 N 0> W 00 -^ !£> CO W t- Tf OtJ< ONU5C40^irt was CO rH T}< lO CO lO ^ -"^ "^ ^ »0 lO t- Tf lO CD -^ i^ lO t- irt »0 iO lO X -^ lO CD MOKH COCnOS OOOO !DCO(N OOCOCD CDt-*^ OSCOt^ 'Xlt^Oi OOO OOO O O lO ooo CC CD U5 CD E> 1^5 iO'rr'^ 00 CD CD OJOOeO OOC-CD .-IIM'-I 10--N T)"T)<-^ TfCOCO lOCOCD TflO-^ »-trJ»CJ CDCDo O"0O lOOO OOO OOO t-eoco toNO •>*iot- incD'* (MC-05 t-c-oo ^Noo ooc-^ '^"^'^ oot-io OOOJO 0050S OSOJOO 050500 6 o do 66 o cc-S c Or^r> raw*- S22 SsM Sfeo! gS-a |oo op -II ^^1 Jss fi§ 1^1 ^^^ fe5£ 5go ^-^ SSI" 5<;< t- 00 ^ o t> OS 01 1> t> 00 1- ^ w i> t* 00 OJ Oi OS "Xi t> 10 « OOOOOOOiOO 0 0000 10 0 0 0*0 00 0 00 t- c- 00 tr- 1* 00 "O ^ tr- r> as o c^ t> 10 1> (^3 o c* CD i> X o> t^ O00iOT} -^ o t> 00 -^ ca Tt* tH CO »0 10 tJ< CD -^ CO Tj< rj* lO lO tJ< Tf <;D -rt* CO '^ UO -^ rf LC lO »0 rj* o^oooioo»oo 000000000000000 5 Ol t> O i-H 10 O ' H OS 00 Ol 00 t- CO c W i-lfH 1-1 rH 1-1 (N r ICO <-( »-H '^ 1-H 10 CD i-H CO O O i-H t- 1-H 10 01 ooas'- O t— OS OS OS t- OS 01 X X X 01 O X X CD X OS X X X X OS X OS ------(Jh;— 60 i2^i2i2i3i2«'-'S so^g e §5 <<<^^^«ii0 be t; o Ul • o o i< 3 ea ui 3 hH u L^ C ^ O O O •- -.52- Si9-5 Si a> M wOO bo a ■ ■'% o t-, -eO ■ 0) bD 01 a>~ 3 3:3 5S^ C.t; Is :.2S £ o >. Oi3 •j= 3 .ti o •|3S ^«b. t- nl bd «5 C3 is' " "m >>^ '^ "^ m t* OT - 0) S M -^ Sal " "^ -M , , o O" C ij , £ SS bo bo=: i, M.=« ~ 8g£^&£tS8S| oot-t-t-oo t-o 00 t- COCOt>00 t-c- c- 05 a> a ^ E^ ■o t-.-IC0C51> 00 t- 00 t- O 05 N 00 ■* C^05 00 10 05 -^COOO-HOl co M 0 3 o fa UD CO Irt -^ CO lOlOTfCOCOU5lCOU5 CDIC U5 10 10 CO "3 00 CO -^ CO CO CO 2c <1) , ^ COO -^NCO i-H(MOiHCOOO(MCOM •-IM rt U5 • Tto5 0 CO M Ol j" X CO OiO^ O t- cot>cot-Ti ._, 00 0 10 g^ .^W lO -"f •>* CO "3 io Tj< ■* 10 10 IC U3 T)> tC Tjl ■* la 10 b< T3 OOOOO 000000U300 100 0 0 OOiOOOO 0 0 \o Ti 5 ■^ CO icio -^ •fl(CCTj»T)>l«Tl< 10 CO Tf •^ •^in-^-^ioia ■* >o CO 01 n a s < fa .S ■6 CO lOt-l-HrH U3lOOCOCOOt-MCT) "3 0> M 10 OOMCO TfOO Tl" <» 0 (3 3 TJIT)< lOTJilO lOCOCOCO-^lO-^CO-^ 10 ■* la 10 10 »C Tj" »/5 10 10 10 U5 ■* O o ^ 1 i •d OOOOO U300000000 00 0 0 000000 0 0 0 ,^^ 3 a V lo coo^oo lo coooooioot-ioo 00 0 00 ic 0 t- 005M 0 00 00 5 a -H(M,-HrartlMrtrt(M MM M *"* rHM^M^M M '^ " u ■o OCOOiOOO COOOlOTtOt-O^US com o» 10 ^MOOMCO^ CO t- •"t In 'O t. 3 t-TflMCDOO 00NasN00O05t-M rHCO ^ 01 OOOCOrHO-* M 0 00 t>d00000000O5OJ 10 CO 00 1- 00 00 00 00MCDO5 1O -^ t-OS 05 00 t-C5 t> OJ M M 01 U " ^ o o w w . . . C . "O w '"' v li* y 0) m s cd 01 be 0 CD 3 . . . o • a < C3 w O b D Z < O H E < 2 . . .E . ceo**. 1^^ C M^"- o o c tH o C^ -« O ^S mJ mU rt=g°3 c ' c 0 c=3 - £ i2 0 SI 6 U M C C -5 C 03 6 0 0. c 3 d d oO 0 6 6 -^ be i,OU M.c 5cc ..S = 3 2 g =S Woo O'^TJ c d a M C (U u a 6 0 M C 01 6 a 6 bc c S > < KlSH4fafafafa>-J ■3^ 0^ C Q =3 S HI cy N nO I'^ .I'll 1 si "3 0 0 £ n =3 c3 B •E 01 u. s o . . . . X s: X ■ • x: • • ^ T3 •0 X ■ J3 ■ ■a • 01 ■a o ►-' S J3 ca ^ . . . c9 • -iSi • • 3 m 0; Q 2 5 .c & 4.) 1 2 u Q • -C S M .a 2 3fa I, fa M-g C ^ J5 • •* *s JS it; • • -^ 0 c c J2 . . . M . -1 . . S • ? s ^ 0'>, .2 0OJ3 .Q^ « § . - o- ^ < b-g S o •- S mS— C H^ — • a; V oj CO C3 ■ J3 be J3 . a Sb3§-gx:3|>.3 ^^j.2« g^H c 0-" c^3 o;c>"c'3'^^ S".SS-ggog^S 25^ 0.11 ■3 £"S 3MS M ■ C CS ^ E P 0 OJ M ca S ** J= b.H £ H ^" ca Mc«Qg « 2'E ^1 oi 01 btl be «^ rt CD S 0 a II 3 T3rQ aomomm H HWHii.Ofaoow za « aq pa PQ i^ o^ 0) -HlM»Hrt« CO rt .-( N r-l .-1 N M CO ■* -^ CD r-, M MMCO'^CO ^ M CO z 'J INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 23 CS ^H t» 00 tH N t* OS C* to Oi »H O O Oi-^iCCO CO "^ "^ W CO M r-t rH 05 lO CO Oi '^ 00 "^ N o 00 00 00 co oo co o^ t- cs OOOO lOOO OOOtAC- 000000 oooooo ooooooooo t> OOOO OU300U3 lOOOOOOO t^««Ob» COCOVCOCO CD Tjt t- t- 00 t> t* OOOCOOO iHOOtJi to t- t)i N 05 05 to to ^ ^ to W t^ to to to 05 "3 WD eoco05t> Tf o> •a« ■* 00 T)> M t- Oi Tj< o coco »c tr-OU5cO O'^tOOlN Tji o 00 05 O rfi to ■* O CO IM to CO CO lA UO lO r^ -^ lO Tl« -^ U5 u:i UD lO lO IC lA U5 lO m lO U5 TJ* lO lO lO to lO lO Tj* lO lO ooo U5IOOOOO CO OJ ■>* "5 '^ ■^ OOOO ■"J' CO CO-* U50 U3 O W CO ^ ^ M* ^ O ICOU5U5 O lO ■<^ Tj* lO "TJ4 -^ Tj< TJ* t* 05 O iH CS 05 o lONCOCO tO-H ■^J< T^ lO UD O Tl< rHOOtOO OSCOOlrHCO N ■* ■* t- 05 O lO lOTjfCO-^ Tji »0 Tj* ic lO Tj< Tj< lO -^ U5 lO -^ ooo O5 00 o oooooo 05 t-Ot>00 t> rH.H(M rH^lM'-l>-lrt OOOO OCX) i> to O U3 O IC»0 totoo to to ooooooo <00 tOtO T-ICO>H oii-i to t>ooeo O 05 O t> 05 00 >COi-l'^ OtOOOOJ"-! e^05>-it- t-t--^oooo ■^ >-l Oi 05 OO to CO 05 tOOOOM05 00 Wi-HNi-l i-H 1-1 N 1-1 .-I — I rH rt N N 1-1 >-l iH rS ^i-I00t1< 05 05 0)00 mt-05 t-05C0>O' M ■See?) t: a a i: CS 0) 0) M SS22 ° d Ill .Sec dags; O q E !: ,t« «« ^- C tH L- Ca W QJ QJ ^ ^ C C.al.i3xlJ5 E C « 3-w +j 3 3 3 QJ >i >i |1h (1, O'Pi tf tf o o o_ O OO-So •3 ■S.S^>. m tn'=; g''^_^ ra ea m Ci3 tj ^ :£ ay a -3 "3 u cj 0) <; <; ea M fH > o wU 6 d ";' 0) 1. 1. t. tf O, 3 01 01 CO-^mm S I ■* Xl J2 S " c ti o o cj £ § § ■g-^SSfel? o ^j=3S - ° zz WW- ;0^ I kk'^^-^hm < m .S M 2 bo §ss ~ 00 ■kJ tn.;i! 4J-: — c !a B tag 01 b Cm ca s" ,j3j; o MS " ■ '? CT3 >.■>;& -w ho off _ ta t» 3 hJWPh CQ .S 60 K ■ a ta ■IIS §1^ IS u caO _,taaim-w-w5E5T3 ta S^ oj o o-R >-£ o '■•C ta a c c t. s tlrj 3 3 o;5"-;r *^:r^ J3 o taU 2tj:: a2 oj w j3 0) > w 3'g^ St) 35 s -g Sbo&Q^.S a bo tio to >, >. 3 0) 0) C c 0) t/i 1-^ HH ^ pj t- Qj 0) q; .t^ ::^ t2i _3 ^ g-C— H (H h3 GO t3 HI n fin « C h— 1 <: ►-H H) •OB IS a o U JS ^ OiNOO-HtDCCSDO H M si 51 Oi«0io000>0 13 C i lOcoM'-ji'-ioiom Nitro- gen Free Ex- tract. < 1 -B OS S ■d c 3 OT (N OT (N "O CO ro(M g 3 o OS r T3 0U5000000 Ot-IOOOOt-IO •d c 3 0 OTai»-(a)«cD';oio a^t^Tj't^c>.-»OOT H E- O < z < O » s < Z Allied Mills, Inc J. B. Garland & Son D. H. Grandin Milling Co Larrowe Milling Co Ontario Milling Co., Inc Purina Mills Quaker Oats Co. St. Albans Grain Co. Feedstupfs. Chick Grains. Amco Chick Grains .... Garland's Fancy Chick Feed . Grandin's Baby Chick Feed Larro Chick Grains .... Aunt Mary's Fine Chick Grains Purina Chick Chow .... Quaker Ful-0-Pep Fine Chick Feed Wirthmore Gritless Chick Feed a ■^ r^ •:), :r^ ^ ^ ^ INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 25 oic-eoioo3oooOrHoo COOOCJOIIOOOtHtCOiO rtiHNi-HNiHWMIM'-l eMCOt~lOCOl0004«OOOOlOOOa>0>0>HlOOOOOC5t- .HO00t-OCT100T}iH-*O'-l(MrHC0'-l-HM.-l.HMNO«C05DT-loC0 oooooooooo O0000Otl0 00 50;D00 00 oooooooooooooooooooooo C»0000OIMi-0 00000000000000'OCJ0tO!O«0;D0000C» t-ooiNi-ooNi-iiooieo oooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo soicouDOiOiOoiooioioio !O«D(NOT00a5M'^iOt>Oait-miOC~.-(TJi00«DM'-( __ _ . oou^'^i>tX)«?o^LOC^Mxi-»*t>woo^ascDOoo^co o o oo . . . 0) 0) P c 2 c c« ° o ca_rt ^^ §■316115 cu ** c c-^ a' o o o C C 01 o op; •aOT '^ ^"^ «&'^ •* . fe ■"sZcO c c _ bDl-HM g g & ^ Cioo QQ-S r ") -^ -^ . . . . § § o o o . °-S O O MMUlr'R^ m "^ t- t, t^ jC CCCCHOiomO) Wr§ b i; c c c «! i: ooooooo^ 30000CUur o id "■ " " »- C " bo , S 5 5 c - - ^ c y* o o o -S c c Tga'CCCCl'gS «te S^^o .:2cc p^ •Q ■Si_^ g ZPL|>-5 01 01 01,5; *5 w c c c.S £i g jsjsj: !- o o 1-3 1-s i-s M t> ^ ii c S' «czic/j « -w a-^j-> t> 3 3 0) o M =5 C C S M t^.^ ° 3 o.ot'C Si>5i~oi-c O tifl t^rt 3 o OT3 Ot3 • M e H O. S«m o +-> 4J +-> C 0) 01m t; ai g S S „Kj " °3c 3UJc^01T3 O — ^-J01^0IX"^*^'-*-'^,yjj^-^ CO>-ICOIN-HMlM->tCJrH »-ICOW>HrHeOiH.HiHiHe^iH-*.HCOrorHC-MCOMT-l 26 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 oocomuKN lOt:- t- t-00 O5Tjl{N00C0NO5C-00 0>OOT05«lTj 05 to »0 C£ t> U5 U5 lO lO U3 ;o O CD t~ 00 CO iC ooo QOOT 00-^10 00 00 05 0> O ■'J'O-^OO oo TO CD OTO O^ oooo 00 O lONCOCO OJ o in O -H O OOO-H^OTO OOOCJ mOT lOOTIM -HO OOroiNOTOOT-^W-H t-^iOC0C0lON(M05 ooo OOOOOMO ooo o o o 00 u:> t- »c ooooooooo >OiOOTO(MOOOO ooo ooooooo ^TOO miMWNNON lOinLOlOCD-^CDCDlO OTOTCO OTOTOTOTOTOTCO U5m05 IM lO U5 t* lO 00 CD t-lOOOCDO-^NOO-H CTiOSN-^-^—lOTWCD lOiOiCCDCD-^CDlOlO M rji Tf tg o OT lO ■^ ■»!* Tj* t:J< iO OT CO CC CO OT CO OT CO CO o w _ 0) "O 0) I c' C C 0). bo ^c3 0) c c tio T3 o O O C OJI-H ,, ^, 0) ,T3'S C C § ; C =3 ° °Qi J hfl • C3 OJ Qj 5 CO! a) o £ » S* 3^T3 0) M ^= S . OJ o ^ OOOQ ■S S - 1 g E o a) ^ -'■' .a _. m a) '^ S g 0) S cs- ojffl o pa gcQ^^ ffi oCQ.t: Sm o o^ E-d OQ4%, salt H%- Eventually Gold Medal Dairy Ration Wheat bran, wheat germ, standard wheat middlings, pulverized oats, yellow corn meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, phosphated limestone 2%%, salt %%■ Eventually Gold Medal Egg Mash for Breeding and Laying Yellow corn meal, standard wheat middlings, corn gluten feed, wheat red dog, fine ground oat groats, alfalfa meal, wheat germ, linseed oil meal, sifted meat scraps, dried buttermilk, phosphated limestone 1%, salt }'2%- W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc. Neponset Poultry Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, ground oats, alfalfa, beef scraps, fish scraps, linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, ground rolled oats, calcite flour, dried skim milk, fine salt. D. H. Grandin Milling Co. Grandin's Baby Chick Starter with Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, fine ground hulled oats, ground wheat, corn meal, hominy feed, wheat middlings, alfalfa meal, calcium carbonate, bone meal, and one-half of one per cent salt. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 37 Grandin's Broiler Mash with Buttermilk — Cod Liver Oil Dried buttermilk, ground meat and bone, fisli meal, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat middlings, corn meal, hominy feed, ground hulled oats, ground wheat, ground barley, bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt and cod liver oil. Grandin's Complete Starting Ration with Buttermilk — Cod Liver Oil Dried buttermilk, cod liver oil, ground meat and bone, fish meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, alfalfa leaf meal, hominy feed, ground yellow corn, ground wheat, ground hulled oats, ground barley, bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. Grandin's Growing Mash with Buttermilk Ground meat and bone, dried buttermilk, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, ground oats, alfalfa meal, bone meal, calcium car- bonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's 12 Twin Six 12 Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, alfalfa meal, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Sweetened 24% Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screen- ings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Sweetened 16% Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal corn feed meal, hominy feed, ground barley, cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's 24% Balanced Dairy Ration Distillers dried grains, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy feed, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, and salt! (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding 'mill run.) Grandin's Milk Maker Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, cocoanut oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, beet pulp, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Grandin's Laying Mash with Buttermilk Ground fish, ground meat and bone, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, ground oats, powdered buttermilk,' alfalfa meal, calcium carbonate, and a small percentage of salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) M-S (Money Saver) 20% Sweet Dairy Feed Cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed", linseed oil meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground barley, corn meal, corn feed meal, hominy feed, ground grain screenings, cane molasses steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. ' Hales & Hunter Co. Red Comb Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Corn feed meal, feeding oatmeal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten feed, meat scraps alfalfa meal, soy bean meal, dried buttermilk, and not over 5% minerals (calcium carbonate' rock phosphate, sodium chloride, steamed bone meal, granulated charcoal, iron sulphate' sulphur). ' Red Comb Growing Mash with Dried Buttermilk Corn feed meal, oat flour, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten feed, meat scraps, alfalfa meal, soy bean meal, dried buttermilk, and not over 5% minerals (calcium carbonate, rock phosphate, sodium chloride, steamed bone meal, granulated charcoal, iron sulphate, sulphiir). Horvitz Grain Co. Make-M-Lay Laying Mash Wheat bran, corn meal, gluten feed and gluten meal, ground oats, ground barley red dog wheat middlings, linseed meal, meat scraps, calcium carbonate, charcoal. ' Open Formula Mash Coarse corn meal, wheat bran, white middlings, ground oats 40-42, meat scraps 55% protein, alfalfa leaf meal, steamed bone meal, dried milk, common salt. Wantmore Dairy Ration Hominy feed or corn meal, wheat bran, ground oats, gluten feed and gluten meal linseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings, salt, calcium carbonate. ' Wantmore Dairy with Beet Pulp Hominy feed or corn meal, wheat bran, gluten feed and gluten meal, linseed meal cotton- seed meal, wheat middlings, salt, beet pulp, calcium carbonate. ' 38 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Jersee Co. Just Right Chick Starter Powdered whole & skim milk, oxide iron, calcium phosphate, corn meal, bone meal, feeding oatmeal, standard middlings, fish meal, anise, dried blood, charcoal, salt, starch, St. John's bread, sugar, alfalfa leaf meal and meat scraps. Just Right Dairy Ration 20% Ground oats, wheat bran, corn meal, oil meal, cottonseed meal, anise, St. John's bread, oxide iron, sugar, calcium carbonate, iodine. Just Right Egg Mash Meat scraps, charcoal, ground bone, salt, wheat middlings, wheat bran, ground oats, ground corn, powdered whole «fi: skim milk, St. John's bread, starch, calcium phosphate, anise, dried blood, oxide iron, fish meal and alfalfa meal. Just Right Growing Mash Powdered whole & skim milk, wheat middlings, oxide iron, calcium phosphate, corn meal, bone meal, anise, dried blood, charcoal, salt, starch, St. John's bread, sugar, meat scraps, feeding oatmeal, alfalfa leaf meal and fish meal. Larrowe Milling Co. Larro — The Ready Ration for Dairy Cows Yellow corn meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, o. p. linseed oil meal, standard wheat bran, standard wheat middlings, dried beet pulp, ^i% salt. Larro Chick Starter Oatmeal, yellow corn meal, standard wheat middlings, dried skim milk, dried buttermilk, meat and bone scraps, wheat bran, alfalfa meal, cod liver oil vitamin extract, 14% salt, and 1 14% phosphated limestone. Larro Egg Mash Oatmeal, standard wheat middlings, yellow corn meal, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, meat and bone scraps, dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, cod liver oil vitamin extract, 2 J^% phosphated limestone and H% salt. Larro Growing Mash Yellow corn meal, oatmeal, wheat bran, standard wheat middlings, meat and bone scraps, dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, alfalfa meal, cod liver oil vitamin extract, 2% phosphated limestone and } 2% salt. Larro Turkey and Game Bird Starter Yellow corn meal, oatmeal, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, standard wheat middlings, meat and bone scraps, dried skim milk, dried buttermilk, cod liver oil vitamin extract, J^% salt and 1 ^2% phosphated limestone. Mansfield Milling Co. "Mansfield" Chick-Crowing-Feed Wheat bran, red dog flour, corn meal, oatmeal, fish scrap, meat scrap, dried milk and charcoal. 'Mansfield" Cow-Ration Wheat bran, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, gluten feed and salt. "Mansfield" Dry-Poultry-Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog flour, corn meal, gluten feed and meat scraps. Maritime Milling Co., Inc. B-B Bull Brand "24" Dairy Ration Sweetened Dried brewers grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screen- ings not exceeding mill run.) B-B Bull Brand "20" Dairy Ration Sweetened Dried brewers grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) B-B Bull Brand Vitaniized All Mash Broiler and Growing Ration Cod liver oil, milk sugar feed, dried buttermilk, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, o. p. linseed oil meal, ground wheat, corn meal, ground oat meal, pulverized oats, soy bean meal, meat meal, fish meal, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. B-B Bull Brand Vitamized All Mash Chick Starter Ration Cod liver oil, milk sugar feed, dried buttermilk, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat middlings, o. p. lin- seed oil meal, corn meal, soy bean meal, ground oatmeal, meat meal, fish meal, ground wheat, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. B-B Daisy All Mash Starter and Growing Feed Milk sugar feed, dried buttermilk, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, soy bean meal, corn meal, pulverized barley, pulverized oats, ground oatmeal, meat meal, fish meal, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may con- tain mill run of ground screenings.) INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 39 B-B Daisy Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, soy bean meal, corn meal pulverized barley, pulverized oats, meat meal, fish meal, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain mill run of ground screenings.) B-B Hi- Test Dairy Feed 20% Protein Sweetened Dried brewers grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, ground oats, corn meal, cleaned, pulverized and bolted grain screenings wheat bran, ground oats, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. ' B-B Marmico 16% Protein Dairy Feed with Molasses Dried brewers grains, o. p. linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal cleaned, pulverized and bolted grain screenings, wheat bran, oat hulls, oat shorts', oat midds' molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and salt. ' ' B-B Ked-E-Mixt Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, soy bean meal, corn meal pulverized barley, pulverized oats, meat meal, fish meal, steamed bone meal, calcium car- bonate and salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain mill run of ground screenings) Mennel Milling Co. Memo All Mash Ration Ground corn, wheat bran and middlings, meat scraps, dried buttermilk, alfalfa meal bone meal, '2 of 1% salt. ' Memo 20% Dairy Feed Corn, oats, wheat bran, brewers dried grains, alfalfa meal, cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal gluten feed, 1% salt. ' Memo Egg Mash Ground corn, ground oats, wheat bran, wheat middlings, meat scrap, bone meal dried butter- milk, alfalfa meal, }2 of 1% salt. ' Memo 22%, Sweet Dairy Feed Corn feed meal, cottonseed meal, gluten feed, wheat bran, linseed oil meal, brewers dried grains, ground grain screenings, molasses, 34 of 1% salt. Narragansett Milling Co. Narragansett Indian Egg Mash Dried buttermilk, meat and fish scraps, hominy feed, wheat midds, wheat bran, yellow corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, corn gluten feed, ground oats and barley, o. p. linseed oil meal with a mineral mixture containing calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulphate iron sulphate, sulphur, iodine and salt. ' Narragansett Indian Growing Mash Dried buttermilk, fish and meat scraps, wheat middlings, wheat bran, yellow corn meal corn gluten feed, ground oats and barley, o. p. linseed meal, alfalfa leaf meal, hominy feed 'char- coal, with a mineral mixture containing calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sul- phate, iron sulphate, sulphur, iodine and salt. New England Dairy Ration Yellow corn meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, o. p. linseed, ground oats cottonseed meal, calcium carbonate, salt, molasses. ' ' Ontario Milling Co., Inc. Aunt Mary's Egg Mash with Dried Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, meat meal, fish meal, bone meal, oatmeal, calcium car- bonate, old process linseed oil meal, hominy feed or corn feed meal, corn gluten feed wheat bran, wheat middlings, alfalfa meal, 1% salt. (Wheat feeds may contain ground screenings not to exceed mill run.) Aunt Mary's Growing Mash with Dried Buttermilk Dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, meat meal, fish meal, oatmeal, alfalfa meal, corn feed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, bone meal, calcium carbonate, J/2 of 1%, salt.' Big Value 16%. Dairy Feed with Molasses O. p. linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, hominy feed or corn feed meal, cottonseed meal, soy bean oil meal, wheat middlings, cocoanut oil meal, ground wheat' screenings molasses, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) Big Value Dairy Feed Cottonseed meal, soy bean oil meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, cocoanut oil meal old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed or corn feed rneal ground oats, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. ' Big Value 20'/^, Dairy Feed with Molasses Cottonseed meal, soy bean oil meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, cocoanut oil meal old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed or corn feed meal ground oats, molasses, 1%, calcium carbonate, 1% salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) 40 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Butterfat Dairy Feed with Molasses Old process linseed oil meal, wheat bran, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, hominy feed or corn feed meal, wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, soy bean oil meal, cocoanut oil meal, ground barley, ground oats, molasses, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) Oswego 20% Dairy Feed with Molasses Cottonseed meal, soy bean oil meal, wheat bran, wheat midds, corn gluten feed, hominy feed or corn feed meal, o. p. linseed oil meal, dried brewers grains, ground wheat screenings, oatmeal mill by-products (oat middlings, oat shorts and oat hulls), molasses, 1% salt, 1% calcium carbonate. (Wheat feeds may contain screenings not to exceed mill run.) Uncle John's 24% Cream Pot Ration Cottonseed meal, soy bean oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, old process linseed oil meal, hominy feed or corn feed meal, cocoanut oil meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, 1% bone meal, and 1% salt. (Wheat bran and wheat middlings may contain screanings not to exceed mill run.) Park & Pollard Co. Bet-R-Milk 20% Ration Corn gluten feed, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, malt sprouts, wheat bran, wheat middlings may contain mill run of screenings, hominy feed, lodol fish meal, molasses, calcium carbonate and salt. Growing Feed Dried buttermilk, ground corn, wheat, oats, alfalfa, barley, lodol fish meal, meat and bone meal, wheat bran with mill run of screenings, wheat middlings, calcium carbonate and salt. Lay or Bust Dry-Mash Dried buttermilk, ground corn, wheat, oats, barley, kaffir corn, buckwheat, alfalfa, lodol fish meal, meat, bone, wheat bran with mill run of screenings, wheat middlings, calcium car- bonate and salt. Milk-Maid 24% Sweetened Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains, wheat bran may contain mill run of screenings, brewers dried grains, malt sprouts, corn gluten meal, copra oil meal, corn meal, lodol fish meal, molasses, calcium carbonate and salt. Overall 24% Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains, wheat bran, wheat middlings may contain mill run of screenings, corn gluten meal, hominy feed, calcium car- bonate and salt. Top Notch 16% Ration Corn gluten feed, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, malt sprouts, fine ground grain screenings, corn gluten meal, oat feed (oat hulls, oat shorts, oat middlings), corn meal, molasses, calcium carbonate and salt. Postum Co., Inc. Burt's Dairy Feed Cereal and Postum by-products: (corn, wheat, wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat flour, barley malt flour, barley malt hulls, may contain trace of screenings), hominy feed, gluten meal, old process oil meal, choice cottonseed meal, calcium carbonate and salt. W. N. Potter Grain Stores, Inc. Potter's Sweetened Dairy Ration Gluten feed, hominy, linseed oil meal, ground oats, wheat bran, standard wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, corn distillers grains, molasses, calcium carbonate, bone meal, salt. H. C. Puffer Co. Egg-Em-On Growing Feed Corn feed meal, corn gluten feed, ground barley, ground oats, wheat bran, wheat middlings, meat scraps, dried milk, alfalfa meal. Producer Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, ground oats, corn feed meal, wheat bran and wheat middlings (not exceeding mill run of screenings), small percentage salt and calcium carbonate. Sweetened Producer Dairy Feed Linseed oil meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn feed meal, wheat bran and wheat middlings (not exceeding mill run of screenings), oat feed, molasses, small percentage salt and calcium carbonate. Quaker Oats Co. Quaker 24% Protein Dairy Ration Hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, oatmeal mill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), ?4 oi 1% salt, 1% ground limestone, molasses. Quaker 20% Protein Dairy Ration Hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, barley meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, oatmeal mill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), M of 1% salt, 1% ground limestone, molasses. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 41 Quaker 16% Protein Dairy Ration Hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, barley meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground grain screenings from wheat, oatmeal mill by-product (oat middling?, oat shorts, oat hulls), H of 1% salt, 1% ground limestone, molasses. Quaker Ful-O-Pep Broiler Mash Oatmeal, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, fish meal, cod liver meal, cod liver oil, dried skimmed milk, dried buttermilk, molasses, alfalfa meal, % of 1% salt. Quaker Ful-O-Pep Chick Starter Oatmeal, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, fish meal, cod liver meal, cod liver oil, dried skimmed milk, dried buttermilk, molasses, alfalfa meal, ?4 of 1% salt Quaker FuI-O-Pep Egg Mash Oatmeal, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, barley meal, fish meal, cod liver meal, meat scraps, dried skimmed mUk, dried buttermilk, molasses, alfalfa meal, U of 1% salt. Quaker Ful-O-Pep Growing Mash Oatmeal, hominy feed, yellow hominy feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, barley meal, fish meal, cod liver meal, meat scraps, dried skimmed milk, dried buttermilk, molasses, alfalfa meal, Mof 1% salt. Ralston Purina Co. Protena 20% Dairy Feed Cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, brewers dried grains, wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, molasses, 2% iodized salt. Purina AH Mash Startena Chow containing Mineral Dried buttermilk, meat scrap, cod liver oil, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat germ, linseed meal, corn germ meal, corn meal, wheat bran, grey wheat middlings, 1% calcium carbonate (limestone), }4% bone meal, }-,% salt. Purina Breeder Egg Chowder containing Mineral Dried buttermilk, cod liver oil, alfalfa leaf meal, meat scrap, linseed meal, corn germ meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, 1% bone meal, 1% salt, 2% calcium carbonate (limestone). Purina Bulky Cow Chow Soy bean meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, dried beet pulp, molasses, 2% iodized salt. Purina Chick Growena Chow containing Mineral Dried buttermilk, meat scrap, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat middlings, oat middlings, linseed meal, corn germ meal, wheat bran, alfalfa meal, corn meal, wheat germ, 1% bone meal, 1% salt, 2% calcium carbonate (limestone). Purina Chick Startena Chow containing Mineral Dried buttermilk, cod liver oil, meat scrap, alfalfa leaf meal, wheat germ, linseed meal, corn germ meal, oat middlings, corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, 1% bone meal, 1% salt, 2% calcium carbonate (limestone). Purina 34% Cow Chow Linseed meal, corn gluten meal, soy bean meal, cottonseed meal, alfalfa meal, molasses, 1% iodized salt. Purina 24% Cow Chow (Buffalo Mill) Linseed meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, molasses, 1% iodized salt. Purina 20% Cow Chow (Buffalo Mill) Beet pulp, linseed meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, wheat middlings (standard), wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, molasses, 1% iodized salt, soy bean meal. Purina Egg Chowder Containing Mineral Meat scrap, linseed meal, alfalfa leaf meal, corn germ meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, corn meal, alfalfa meal, 1% bone meal, 1% salt, 2% calcium carbonate (limestone). Purina Lay Chow containing Mineral Soy bean meal, meat scrap, alfalfa meal, molasses, corn meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, 1.25% bone meal, 1.25% salt, 2.5% calcium carbonate (limestone). Reuben W. Ropes Ropes Balanced Ration Yellow meal, hominy, gluten feed, cottonseed meal, bran, oil meal, beet pulp, alfalfa meal, oat feed, ground wheat, rolled oats. Diamond gluten, salt. Ropes Poultry Hash Corn meal, hominy, gluten feed, oil meal, cottonseed meal, oat feed, wheat meal, bran, alfalfa meal, bone meal, rolled oats, beef scraps, fish scraps, dry milk, salt. Ryther & Warren Blue Tag Dairy Feed 41% cottonseed meal, o. p. oil meal, gluten feed, hominy, wheat bran, wheat middlings ground oats, beet pulp, lime and salt. 42 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Minot Milk Egg Mash Yellow corn meal, wheat bran, flour middlings, ground 40 lb. oats, meat scraps 50%, fish meal 55%, alfalfa leaf meal, steamed bone meal, dried milk, salt. Minot Poultry Mash Wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog, corn meal, gluten feed, alfalfa meal, ground oats, oat flour, fish and meat scraps and one-half of one per cent of salt. St. Albans Grain Co. Hygrade 24 Sweetened Milk Ration Corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, brewers dried grains, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, wheat bran, wheat middlings, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, dairy salt and pure cane molasses. Hygrade 20 Sweetened Milk Ration Old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, brewers dried grains, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, wheat bran, wheat middlings, pure cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Hygrade 16 Sweetened Milk Ration Old process linseed meal, cottonseed meal, brewers dried grains, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, wheat bran, wheat middlings, pure cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Paragon Dairy Feed Sweetened Cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, brewers dried grains, oat meal mill by-products (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), wheat bran, wheat middlings, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Utility Dairy Ration Old process linseed meal, corn gluten feed, cottonseed meal, corn meal, ground oats, ground barley, brewers dried grains, oat meal mill by-products (oat middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), wheat bran, wheat middlings, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore Baby Chick Starter Cod liver oil, cod liver rneal, pure dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, alfalfa leaf meal, fish meal, fine ground beef scraps, edible bone meal, pure wheat bran, pure wheat middlings, ground hulled oats, ground wheat, yellow corn meal, corn germ meal, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Wirthmore 25 Balanced Ration Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, pure ground oats, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal and dairy salt. Wirthmore 25 Balanced Ration Sweetened Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, pure ground oats, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore 20 Dairy Feed Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal and dairy salt. Wirthmore 20 Dairy Feed Sweetened Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, wheat middlings, wheat bran, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore Dairy Feed with Beet Pulp Sweetened Dried beet pulp, cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, corn gluten feed, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore 16 Dairy Ration Sweetened Corn gluten meal, corn distillers dried grains, corn gluten feed, old process linseed meal, brewers dried grains, yellow corn meal, pure ground oats, wheat bran, wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, edible bone meal, pure cane molasses and dairy salt. Wirthmore Growing Feed containing Buttermilk Pure dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, choice beef scraps, fish meal, edible bone meal, yellow corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, ground wheat, oats, barley, milo maize, wheat bran, wheat mid- dlings, wheat red dog flour, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Wirthmore Laying Mash with Buttermilk Pure dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, choice beef scraps, fish meal, yellow corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, linseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground rolled oats, oats, barley, buckwheat, milo maize, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. Wirthmore Laying Mash containing Cod Liver Oil — Buttermilk Cod liver oil, pure dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, choice beef scraps, fish meal, yellow corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, linseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground rolled oats, oats, barley, buckwheat, milo maize, calcium carbonate and dairy salt. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 43 Wirthmore Turkey Growing Feed Cod liver oil, pure dried buttermilk, dried skim milk, fine ground beef scraps, fish meal, edible bone meal, yellow corn meal, corn germ meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat red dog flour, ground oats, ground barley, cracked wheat, alfalfa leaf meal, calcium carbonate and salt. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc. Blue Ridge Dairy Feed Linseed meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, oatmeal mill by-products, (oat shorts, oat middlings, oat hulls), corn meal, hominy feed, calcium carbonate, salt. C H. Symmes The Ideal Dairy Ration Wheat middlings, wheat bran, brewers grains, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, gluten meal, gluten feed, hominy or corn meal, ground barley, molasses, salt, calcium carbonate, and bone meal. Syracuse Milling Co. Syragold Dairy Feed Corn meal, ground oats, wheat bran and wheat middlings with mill run screenings, toasted wheat feed (wheat and wheat bran processed), corn gluten feed, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains, brewers dried grains, calcium carbonate and salt. Syragold Egg Mash Ground corn, ground barley, wheat flour, wheat middlings and bran with mill run screenings, alfalfa meal, ground meat and bone, fish and salt. Syragold Growing Mash Wheat flour, wheat middlings with mill run screenings, ground barley, ground corn, alfalfa meal, dried buttermilk, fish meal, ground meat and bone, calcium carbonate and salt. Tioga-Empire Feed Mills, Inc. Red Brand Tioga Dairy Feed Cocoanut oil meal, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, peanut oil meal, cane molasses, iodine, salt, linseed oil meal, phosphate of lime, charcoal, soy bean oil meal, ground wheat. (Wheat bran and wheat midds may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Tioga Laying Food Wheat middlings, corn meal, wheat bran, pulverized oats, fish meal, soy bean oil meal, corn gluten meal, meat and bone scrap, phosphate of lime, linseed oil meal, dried skim milk, ground wheat. (Wheat bran and wheat midds may contain ground screenings not exceeding mill run.) Torrence, Vary Co. Elegant Laying Mash Corn meal, bran, middlings, reground rolled oats, alfalfa leaf meal, dried skim milk, beet scraps, fish meal, salt. Ubiko Milling Co. Ubiko All-Mash Complete Laying Ration Cod liver oil, Kraco Milk-Sugar Feed, meat scrap, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground oats, yellow corn meal, alfalfa leaf meal, corn gluten feed, o. p. linseed meal, "2% .salt, 2% calcium carbonate and 1% Dicapho di-calcium phosphate. Ubiko All-Mash Developer Cod liver oil, Kraco Milk-Sugar Feed (dried whey), fine ground meat scrap, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground oats, yellow corn meal, o. p. linseed meal, }/2% salt, 1% calcium and 1% Dicapho di-calcium phosphate. Union Grains Ubiko 24% Sweet Dairy Ration Corn distillers dried grains, brewers dried grains, choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal, corn gluten feed, winter wheat bran, white wheat middlings, hominy meal, ground oats, one per cent chemically pure calcium carbonate, one-half per cent of fine table salt, cane molasses. United Co-Operative Farmers, Inc. United Farmers Milk Egg Mash No. 2 yellow corn meal — attn., standard wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, pure gr. oats (No. 2 — 38 — clpd — unsul.), meat scraps 50%, pure fish meal 55%, alfalfa leaf meal, pure dried buttermilk, steamed bone meal, salt. United Farmers Milkmaker Choice yellow hominy, pure gr. oats (No. 2 — 38 — clpd — unsulJ, standard wheat bran, choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed oil meal — pure, corn gluten feed, soy bean oil meal, molasses, corn distillers dried grains, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. United Farmers Milk Pep Choice cottonseed meal, old process linseed meal — pure, choice yellow hominy, corn gluten feed, pure gr. oats (No. 2 — 38 — clpd — unsul.), soy bean oil meal, standard wheat bran, corn distillers dried grains, molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. 44 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 C. p. Washburn Co. "Made Right" ^Balanced Ration Cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, corn gluten, wheat bran, corn meal, oat feed, beet pulp, charcoal, calcium carbonate, salt, bone meal, ground oats, soy bean meal, ground barley, alfalfa. "Made Right" Dry Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog, 2nd clear flour, gr. oats, linseed oil meal, gluten feed, soy bean meal, ground barley, ground wheat, meat scraps, f sh meal, dr. skim milk, alfalfa leaf meal, molasses, bone meal, charcoal, calcium carbonate, salt, cod liver oil. "Made Right" Molasses Dairy Feed Corn meal, wheat meal, ground oats, ground barley, cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, wheat bran, soy bean meal, gluten, oat feed, molasses, bone meal, calcium carbonate, and salt. "Made Right" Starting and Growing Feed Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, oatmeal, gluten meal, red dog, 2nd clear flour, meat scraps, ground wheat, ground barley, soy bean meal, fish meal, dr. skim milk, alfalfa leaf meal, molasses, bone meat, calcium carbonate, charcoal, salt, and cod liver oil. II. K. Webster Co. Blue Seal Twenty-One Dairy Ration Gluten meal, hominy feed, o. p. oil meal, ground oats, wheat bran, choice cottonseed meal, malt sprouts, peanut middlings, P. R. cane molasses, Oregon Mineral Mixture (sulphur, ferrous sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, potassium iodide, sodium bicarbonate, and salt). Blue Seal "20" Dairy Ration Gluten teed, yellow hominy, o. p. oil meal, ground oats, bran, choice cottonseed meal, st. wheat middlings, P. R. cane molasses, steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, salt. Blue Seal Growing Feed Pure bran, wheat flour middlings, corn meal No. 2 yellow, fine ground heavy oats, alfalfa leaf meal, high grade meat scraps, cod fish meal, dried skim milk, edible bone meal, calcite flour, salt, cod liver meal blend. Blue Seal Improved All-Mash Ration Ground whole corn, ground wheat, ground poultry oats, bran, middlings, h. g. meat scraps, dried skim milk, alfalfa leaf meal, P. R. cane molasses, salt, cod liver meal blend, steamed bone meal. Blue Seal Improved Balanced Ration Gluten meal, hominy feed, o. p. oil meal, ground oats, wheat bran, choice cottonseed meal, corn distillers grains, malt sprouts, peanut middlings, P. R. cane molasses, Oregon Mineral Mixture (sulphur, ferrous sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, potassium iodide, sodium bicarbonate, and salt). Blue Seal "Lo-Cost" Dairy Ration Choice cottonseed meal, hominy feed, malt sprouts, wheat bran, wheat middlings, P. R. cane molasses, peanut middlings, ground barley, calcium carbonate, salt. Blue Seal Milk Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, fine ground oats, dried skim milk, meat scraps, fi.sh meal, alfalfa leaf meal, salt, cod liver meal blend. Blue Seal Starting Ration Ground whole corn, ground rolled oats, pure bran, pure middlings, h. g. meat scraps, alfalfa leaf meal, dried skim milk, salt, calcite flour, cod liver meal blend, ground fancy wheat. Blue Seal University Laying Mash Corn meal, wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, fine ground oats, meat scraps, fish meal, al- falfa leaf meal, salt, cod liver meal blend. West-Nesbitt, Inc. All Pure 20% Milk Ration Choice cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy feed or corn meal, pure cane molasses, 1% bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, J 2 of 1% salt. Pure Feed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat bran, beet pulp, hominy or corn meal, choice cotton- seed meal, old process linseed oil meal, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% calcium crabonate, }/i of 1% salt. Pure Feed Eggmaker Dried skim milk, bone and meat meal, old process linseed oil meal, corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat flour middlings, hominy or corn meal, steamed bone meal, 1% calcium car- bonate, 1% salt. Pure Feed Egg Mash Corn meal, oat flour, wheat bran, wheat flour middlings, leaf alfalfa meal, dried skim milk, meat scraps, fish meal, steamed bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, H% salt. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 45 Pure Sweetfeed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, soy bean meal, wheat middlings, wheat bran, hominy or corn meal, choice cottonseed meal, o. p. linseed oil meal, pure cane molasses, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% cal- cium carbonate, ,'4 of 1% salt. Super Pure Feed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, wheat middlings, wheat bran, dried yeast grains, hominy or corn meal, cottonseed meal, o. p. linseed oil meal, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, J^ of 1% salt. Super Pure Sweetfeed Dairy Ration Corn gluten feed, soy bean meal, choice cottonseed meal, o. p. linseed oil meal, dried yeast grains, wheat bran, wheat middlings, hominy or corn meal, pure cane molasses, 1% steamed bone meal, 1% calcium carbonate, H of 1% salt. Estate of M. G. Williams WUliams' Balanced Ration Corn meal or hominy or wheat meal, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, ground oats, gluten feed, wheat feed, bone meal and 1% salt. Williams' Chick Starter and Broiler Ration Corn meal or wheat meal, cut oat groats, beef scraps, middlings, bran, alfalfa leaf meal, dried skim milk, linseed meal, bone meal, lime, granulated charcoal, and fine salt. Williams' Dry Masii Wheat bran, middlings, corn meal or wheat meal, ground oats, beef scraps, linseed meal, gluten feed, lime and fine salt. Williams' Growing Feed Corn meal or wheat meal, oatmeal, beef scraps, middlings, bran, second clear, alfalfa leaf meal, bone meal, linseed meal, granulated charcoal and fine salt. Stanley Wood Grain Co. Bliss Dairy Ration Meal (or hominy), cottonseed meal, wheat bran, linseed, wheat middlings, gluten meal, gluten feed, peanut meal, calcium carbonate, beet pulp. Preferred Laying Mash Pure dried skim milk, dried fish meal, alfalfa leaf meal, beef scraps, yellow corn meal, wheat bran, pulverized oats, wheat middlings, edible bone meal, table salt, calcium carbonate. Preferred Starting and Growing Feed Pure dried skim milk, dried fish meal, yellow corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, fine ground oatmeal, alfalfa leaf meal, beef scraps, edible bone meal, table salt, calcium carbonate. Wood's Dairy Ration Wheat middlings, malt sprouts, linseed, meal (or hominy), wheat bran, cottonseed meal, oat feed, gluten feed, calcium carbonate, molasses, salt, peanut meal. 46 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Average Analyses and Retail Prices of Unmixed By-Products. Nitro- Num- Pro- gen ber Water tein Fat Free Fiber Ash Price Feedstuffs. Year, i of (Per (Per (Per Ex- (Per (Per Per Sam- Cent). Cent). Cent). tract Cent). Cent). Ton. ples. (Per Cent). Cottonseed Meal . 1928 76 7.0 39.0 6.9 30.0 11.1 6.0 $53 48 Cottonseed Meal . 1929 72 7.0 38.5 6.8 30.2 11.1 6.4 57 84 Cottonseed Meal . 1930 83 7.4 39.2 6.9 29.7 10.6 6.2 51 25 Cottonseed Meal . 1931 85 6.7 39.4 6.5 31.0 10.8 5.6 44 95 Linseed Meal 1928 27 9.1 35.1 6.0 36.8 8.0 5.0 59 37 Linseed Meal 1929 33 8.6 34.3 6.0 37.4 8.2 5.5 66 68 Linseed Meal 1930 44 8.0 34.6 6.8 37 3 7.8 5 5 65 36 Linseed Meal 1931 29 8.0 36.0 6.4 37.1 7.5 5 0 52 12 Gluten Meal .... 1928 11 8.7 43.6 3.2 41.2 1.9 1.4 56 70 Gluten Meal .... 1929 15 9 0 40.8 3.3 42.5 3.1 1.4 64 79 Gluten Meal .... 1930 20 8.7 41.7 1.9 42.6 2.6 2.5 60 90 Gluten Meal .... 1931 22 8.1 42.6 1.9 43.4 2.4 1.6 50 90 Gluten Feed .... 1928 45 8.7 26.0 2.8 49.8 7.2 5.5 49 00 Gluten Feed .... 1929 48 8.9 26.8 2.2 48.5 7.4 6.2 54 05 Gluten Feed .... 1930 51 9.7 25.7 2.3 49.1 7.1 6.1 49 91 Gluten Feed .... 1931 50 9.3 25.7 2.5 49.1 7.3 6.1 43 90 Wheat Standard Middlings 1928 55 9.8 17.0 5.9 55.4 7.6 4.3 46 27 Wheat Standard Middlings 1929 42 9.6 16 3 5.8 56.4 7.6 4.3 43 78 Wheat Standard Middlings 1930 37 10 2 17.2 5.6 55.0 7.7 4.3 43 94 Wheat Standard Middlings 1931 40 9.4 17.7 5 3 56.0 7.5 4.1 33 76 Wheat Flour Middlings 1928 17 10.0 16.3 5.2 59.6 5.3 3.6 52 00 Wheat Flour Middlings 1929 21 10.4 16.5 5.2 59.2 5.1 3.6 49 74 Wheat Flour Middlings 1930 17 10.2 16.7 4.9 59.8 5.0 3.4 46 64 Wheat Flour Middlings 1931 11 9.5 17.1 4.6 60.1 5.3 3.4 39 27 Red Dog Flour 1928 11 10.5 16.5 4.2 64.8 1.7 2.3 60 87 Red Dog Flour 1929 15 10.6 16.7 4.7 62.5 2.6 2.9 55 64 Red Dog Flour 1930 15 10.9 16.5 4.1 63.5 2.3 2.7 52 38 Red Dog Flour 1931 14 10.2 16.5 3.8 65.8 1.7 2.0 40 00 Wheat Mixed Feed 1928 77 9.8 16.5 5.2 56.5 7.3 4.7 47 80 Wheat Mixed Feed 1929 75 9.7 16.1 5.2 57.0 7.3 4.7 48 06 Wheat Mixed Feed 1930 55 10.3 16.8 5.0 56.3 7.0 4.6 45 08 Wheat Mixed Feed 1931 54 9.4 17.1 4.9 57.3 6.9 4.4 36 53 Wheat Bran .... 1928 95 9.5 15.7 5 4 53.6 10.1 5.7 43 28 Wheat Bran 1929 88 9.6 15.1 5.4 53.3 10.7 5.9 42 74 Wheat Bran 1930 72 9.9 16.0 5.0 53.1 10.1 5.9 42 48 Wheat Bran 1931 84 9.2 16.6 4.9 53.9 9.8 5.6 32 77 Rye Feed 1928 6 9.8 14.8 3.1 64.0 4 6 3.7 41 20 Rye Feed 1929 4 9.8 15.6 3.3 62.9 4.9 3.5 39 50 Rye Feed 1930 3 9.9 16.5 3.7 61.2 5.0 3.7 36 00 Rye Feed 1931 3 9.0 16.9 3.3 63.0 4.8 3 0 32 50 Corn Meal 1928 23 11,9 9.3 4.0 71.0 2.4 1.4 47 33 Corn Meal 1929 40 12.5 8.8 4.3 70.6 2.3 1.5 47 91 Corn Meal 1930 58 12.8 8.8 4.2 70.8 2.0 1.4 47.42 Corn Meal 1931 38 11.2 9.4 4.0 71.9 2.0 1.5 43 65 Ground Oats 1928 48 8.8 11.5 4.9 61.0 10.4 3.4 49 97 Ground Oats 1929 66 9.6 11.5 4.9 60.6 10.2 3.2 47 20 Ground Oats 1930 78 9.8 11.1 4.4 61.9 9.7 3.1 47 63 Ground Oats 1931 64 8.9 11.8 4 3 61.9 9.9 3.2 40 77 Hominy Feed 1928 44 9.5 10.8 6.7 66.2 4.3 2.5 49 18 Hominy Feed 1929 50 9.4 10.5 6.4 66.6 4.5 2.6 48 58 Hominy Feed 1930 52 9.5 10.3 6.7 66.6 4.4 2.5 48 16 Hominy Feed 1931 32 9.5 10.7 6.7 66.6 4 2 2 3 40 46 Dried Beet Pulp . 1928 11 8.6 8.6 0.8 60.1 18.7 3.2 47 82 Dried Beet Pulp . 1929 18 8.3 8 9 0 8 59.3 19.1 3.6 55 38 Dried Beet Pulp . 1930 21 8.2 9 2 0 7 60.6 17.6 3.7 52 25 Dried Beet Pulp . 1931 21 7.9 8.9 0.7 66.1 18.1 3.3 38 15 Oat Feed .... 1928 4 5.8 4.8 2.1 51.7 29.3 6.3 29 00 Oat Feed .... 1929 4 6.1 5.4 2.8 51.6 28.8 5.3 21 50 Oat Feed .... 1930 _ _ - - - Oat Feed .... 1931 4 6.0 4.6 1.7 51.0 30.2 6.5 24 00 1 From September 1 to April 30 of each year. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 47 Directory of Manufacturers Who Registered Feeding Stuffs for Sale in the State in 1931. Albers Bros. Milling Co., San Francisco, Cal. E. T. Allen Co., P. O. Box 951, Atlanta, Ga. Allied Mills, Inc., Chicago, 111. American Maize-Products Co., 100 East 42nd St., New York, N. Y. A. P. Ames Co., 10 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Arcady Farms Milling Co., 223 West .Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III. Archer-Daniels-Midland Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Associated Farmers' Exchanges, Inc., Northampton, Mass. E. R. Bacon Grain Co., Chicago, 111. (Registered by Edward R. Bacon Grain Co , 205 Grain & Flour Exchange, Boston.) E. W. Bailey & Co., Montpelier, Vt. G. N. Bartemus Co., Concord, N. H. Beacon Milling Co., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y. Berkshire Coal & Grain Co., Inc., North Adams, Mass. Black Rock Milling Corp., 356 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Blatchford Calf Meal Co., Waukegan, 111. Bolduc & Sons, New Bedford, Mass. Borden Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Borden Sales Co., Inc., 350 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. F. W. Brode Corp., Memphis, Tenn. A. H. Brown & Bros., Boston, Mass. (Registered by Mellin's Food Company of North America.) George B. Brown, Ipswich, Mass. Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. Buffalo Flour Mills Corp., Buffalo, N. Y. C. W. Burckhaiter, Inc., 119 Broad St., New York, N. Y. Butchers Rendering Co., Fall River, Mass. Butman Grain & Feed Co., Lynn, Mass. Cairo Meal & Cake Co., Cairo, 111. Caledonia Mills, Inc., St. Johnsbury, Vt. California Hawaiian Milling Co., Inc., 330 Ritch St., San Francisco, Cal. Canada Linseed Oil Mills, Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada. Cannon Valley Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Center Milk Products Co., Middlebury Center, Penn. Chapin & Co., Hammond, Ind. Clinton Corn Syrup Refining Co., Clinton, Iowa. Coles Co., Middletown, Conn. Collis Products Co., 201 Custer St., St. Paul, Minn. Commander Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Community Feed Stores, Inc., East Longmeadow, Mass. G. E. Conkey Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Consolidated Feed & Grain Co., Inc., 910 912 Chamber of Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. Consolidated Rendering Co., Boston, Mass. Consumers Import Co., Inc., 115 Broad St., New York, N. Y. Continental Feed Products Corp., Baltimore, Md. Copeland Flour Mills, Ltd., Midland, Ont., Canada. Corn Products Refining Co., 17 Battery Place, New York, N. Y. Nicolas Courcy, 11 Waverly St., Taunton, Mass. Cover & Palm Co., Lowell, Mass. E. A. Cowee Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Chas. M. Cox Co., Boston, Mass. (Registered for Lake-of-the-Woods Milling Co., Sherwin- Williams Co. of Canada, Ltd., and Western Canada Flour Mills, Ltd.) Crosby Milling Co., Brattleboro, Vt. Curley Brothers, Wakefield, Mass. J. Gushing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. Cutler Co., North Wilbraham, Mass. (Registered by St. Albans Grain Co.) Dairymen's League Co-Operative Association, Inc., 11 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y. S. P. Davis, Little Rock, Ark. Decatur Milling Co., Decatur, 111. Delaware Mills, Inc., Deposit, N. Y. Denver Alfalfa Milling & Products Co., Lamar, Col. F. Diehl & Son, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. Dietrich & Garabrill, Inc., Frederick, Md. Dixie Mills Co., East St. Louis, 111. Dominion Flour Mills, Ltd., 4394 St. Ambroise St., Montreal, Que. Canada. Donahue Stratton Co., Milwaukee, Wis. John C. Dow Co., Inc., 200 Broadway, Cambridge, Mass. Duluth Superior Milling Co., Duluth, Minn. Arthur G. Dunn, 82 Wall St., New York, N. Y. J. L. Dunnell & Son., Bernardston, Mass. Eagle Roller Mill Co., New Ulm, Minn. East Bridgewater Farmers Exchange, Inc., East Bridgewater. Mass. Eastern Grain ('o., Bridgewater, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Springfield, Mass. B. A. Eckhart Milling Co., Chicago, 111. S. T. Edward & Co., Inc., 110 North Franklin St., Chicago, III. Michael W. Ellis, 19 Walnut St., Peabody, Mass. Elm City Creamery, Inc., 3 Pleasant St., Fairhaven, Ma.ss. Elmore Milling Co., Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. John W. Eshelman & Sons, Lancaster, Penn. Evans Milling Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Everett, Aughenbaugh & Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Excelsior Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48 CONTROL SERIES No. 59 Fairfield Western Maryland Dairy, Baltimore, Md. Fairmont Creamery Co. Omaha, Neb. Frank A. Fales & Co., Norwood, Mass. Farmers Feed Co., 532 East 76th St., New York, N. Y. Federal Mill, Inc., Lockport, N. Y. Flory Milling Co., Inc., Bangor, Penn. Fort Schuyler Farms, Inc., 49 Franklin Sq., Utica, N. Y. Fred A. Fountain, 355 Tremont St., Taunton, Mass. Dean S. French, West Stoughton, Mass. R. T. Friend, Lafayette, Ind. E. & A. M. FuUerton, Inc., Brockton, Mass. J. B. Garland & Son, Worcester, Mass. General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. W. K. Gilmore & Sons, Inc., Walpole, Mass. Gorton-Pew Fisheries Co., Ltd., Gloucester, Mass. D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., New York, N. Y. (Registered by Frank M. Tully, Agent, 504 Hodgson Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. Hales & Hunter Co., Chicago, 111. Frank B. Ham & Co., Ltd., 1506 Royal Bank Bldg., Toronto 2, Ont., Canada. Wm. Hamilton & Son, Inc., Honeoye Falls, N. Y. Hecker-H-0 Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Co., 503 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y. R. L. Heflin, Inc., Sherman, Texas. Hershey Creamery Co., Harrisburg, Penn. W. D. Higgins Co., Framingham, Mass. Hinckley Rendering Co., Somerville, Mass. Hirst & Begley Linseed Works, Chicago, 111. (National Lead Co., successors.) D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Gloucester, Mass. D. B. Hodgkins' Sons, Manchester, Mass. Horvitz Grain Co., 405 Earl St., New Bedford, Mass. R. B. Howlett, Amherst, Mass. Hubbard Milling Co., Mankota, Minn. Hubinger Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Illinois Linseed Meal Co., 2012 Butler St., Chicago Heights, III. International Glue Co., East Boston, Mass. International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Henry James & Son, Inc., Springfield, Mass. Jersee Co., Minneapolis, Minn. M. B. Jones & Co., Inc., 2 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Dan Joseph Co., Columbus, Ga. Joslin-Schmidt Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio. Kansas Flour Mills Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Kellogg Co., Battle Creek. Mich. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Kelloggs & Miller, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. H. H. King Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. ' Kraft-Phenix Cheese Corp., 400 Rush St., Chicago, 111. Chas. A. Krause Milling Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Lake -of-the- Woods Milling Co., Montreal, Que., Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) Land O'Lakes Creameries, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Larabee Flour Mills Co., Kansas City, Mo. Larrowe Milling Co., Box 68, North End Sta., Detroit, Mich. Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Co., Lawrenceburg, Ind. Lincoln Farm Products Corp., 407 East 31st St., New York, N. Y. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Rendering Co., North Billerica, Mass. Mann Bros. Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Mansfield Milling Co., P. O. Box 54, Mansfield, Mass. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont., Canada. (Registered by Traders Feed & Grain Co., Inc.) Marble Ridge Grain Co., North Andover, Mass. Marden-Wild Corp., 500 Columbia St., Somerville, Mass. Marianna Sales Co., Memphis, Tenn. Maritime Milling Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., Lynn, Mass. W. T. McLaughlin Co., West Roxbury, Mass. Mellin's Food Company of North America, 177 State St., Boston, Mass. (Registered for A. H. Brown & Bros.) Mennel Milling Co., Toledo, Ohio Midland Flour Milling Co., Kansas City, Mo. Milmine, Bodman & Co., Inc., 115 Produce Exchange, New York, N. Y. Miner-Hillard Milling Co., Wilkes-Barre, Penn. Geo. Q. Moon & Co., Inc., Binghamton, N. Y. Ward Mooring, Bryan, Texas. Jas. F. Morse & Co., Somerville, Mass. Moseley & Motley Milling Co., Mill St., foot of Brown St., Rochester, N. Y. Mt. Vernon Milling Co., Mt. Vernon, Ind. J. H. Murphy Co., Chicago, 111. (Registered by Park & Pollard Co.) Mutual Rendering Co., Inc., Ontario St. & Delaware River, Philadelphia, Penn. Narragansett Milling Co., East Providence, R. I. National Biscuit Co., Shredded Wheat Bakeries, Niagara Falls, N. Y. National Lead Co., 900 West 18th St., Chicago, 111. (Successors to Hirst & Begley Linseed Works.) New England By-Products Corp., 20 West St., Lawrence, Mass. New England Rendering Co., R 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. New Richmond Roller Mills Co., New Richmond, Wis. Newsome Feed & Grain Co., Carson Sta., Pittsburgh, Penn. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FEEDSTUFFS 49 Niagara Falls Milling Co., Lockport, N. Y. Northern Illinois Cereal Co., Lockport, 111. Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Nowak Milling Corp., Hammond, Ind. Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada. Ontario Milling Co., Inc., Oswego, N. Y. Louis E. Page, 469 Rutherford Ave., Charlestown, Mass. Philip R. Park, Inc., Naval Station, San Pedro, Cal. Park & Pollard Co., 356 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (Registered also for J. H. Murphy Co.) George H. Parker Grain Co., 56 Water St., Danvers, Mass. Patent Cereals Co., Geneva, N. Y. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Pawtucket, R. I. Pecos Valley Alfalfa Mill Co., Hagerraan, N. M. Penick & Ford Ltd., Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Newark, N. J. Postum Co., Inc., Battle Creek, Mich. W. N. Potter Grain Stores, Inc., Greenfield, Mass. Pratt Food Co., Hammond, Ind. Chas. W. Priddy & Co., Inc., Norfolk, Va. H. C. Puffer Co., Springfield, Mass. Purina Mills. (Registered by Ralston Purina Co.) Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. Rach Milling Co., Cairo, III. Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo. (Registered for Purina Mills.) E. Rauh & Sons Animal Feed Co., Union Stock Yards, Indianapolis, Ind. John Reardon & Sons Co., Cambridge, Mass. George H. Reed, South Acton, Mass. James Richardson & Sons, Ltd., Broad of Trade Bldg., Montreal, Que., Canada. Robin Hood Mills, Ltd., Moose Jaw & Calgary, Canada. Reuben W. Ropes, 5 Hobart St., Danvers, Mass. N. Roy & Son, South Attleboro, Mass. Russell-Miller Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Russia Cement Co., Gloucester, Mass. Ryde & Co., Chicago, 111. Ryther & Warren, Belchertown,. Mass. St. Albans Grain Co., St. Albans, Vt. (Registered also for Cutler Co.) St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada. Schwartz Grain Co., Inc., 2 Broadway, New York, N. Y. John Shea, 201 Lowell St., Lawrence, Mass. Sheffield Farms Co., (Milling Division), Jordan, N. Y. Sheffield Farms Co., Inc., 524 West 57th St., New York, N. Y. Shellabarger Mill & Elevator Co., Salina, Kan. Sherwin-Williams Co., 601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. Sherwin-Williams Co. of Canada, Ltd., Linseed Oil Dept., Montreal, Que., Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Co.x Co.) Allen V. Smith, Inc., Marcellus Falls, N. Y. James H. Smith, 102 Hale St., Haverhill, Mass. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. A. E. Staley Mfg. Co., Decatur, 111. Staley Milling Co., Kansas Citv, Mo. Standard Brands, Inc., 2655 West 19th St., Chicago, 111. James Starke, Board of Trade Bldg., Montreal, Que., Canada. D. A. Stickell & Sons, Inc., Hagerstown, Md. Stratton & Co., Concord, N. H. C H. Symmes, Winchester, Mass. Syracuse Milling Co., Box 1141, Syracuse, N. Y. Tioga-Empire Feed Mills, Inc., Waverly, N. Y. Torrence, Vary Co., 45 Alley St., Lynn, Mass. Traders Feed & Grain Co., Inc., 736 Chamber Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. (Registered also for Maple Leaf Milling Co., Ltd.) Jacob Trinley & Sons, Linfield, Penn. Ubiko Milling Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Union Starch & Refining Co., Columbus, Ind. United Co-Operative Farmers, Inc., Fitchburg, Mass. United Mills Co., Inc., Grafton, Ohio. Upper Hudson Rye Flour Mills, Inc., Troy, N. Y. George Urban Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Van Iderstine Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Victor Flour Mills, Inc., Pittsford, N. Y. Ward Dry Milk Co., St. Paul, Minn. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. H. K. Webster Co., Lawrence, Mass. West Bay City Sugar Co., Bay City, Mich. Western Canada Flour Mills, Ltd., Toronto, Ont., Canada. (Registered by Chas. M. Cox Co.) West-Nesbitt, Inc., Oneonta, N. Y. Est. M. G. Williams, Taunton, Mass. Williamson Feed Co., Inc., Williamson, N. Y. Wilmington Packing Co., New Boston St., Woburn, Mass. Wilson ifr Co., Inc., 41st & Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Stanley Wood Grain Co., Taunton, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Aubuin, Mass. Publication of this Document Approved by Commission' on Administration and Finance 3m-10-'31. No. 3570 Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station CONTROL SERIES BULLETIN No. 60 DECEMBER, 1931 Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers By H. D. Haskins This is the fifty-eighth report of the Massachusetts Fertilizer Control made in accordance with Chapter 94, Sections 250 to 261, inclusive, of Massachusetts General Laws 1920. Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Mass. CONTROL SERIES No. 60 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE SEASON OF 1931 By H. D. Haskins, Official Chemist i CONTENTS Page Manufacturers and brands 2 Comparative cost of fertilizer chemicals and unmixed fertilizer products 4 Fertilizer trade values 5 Fertilizer tonnage 6 Plant food tonnage 6 "New England Standard Nine" grades 10 Mixed fertilizers 10 Guarantees to be simplified 10 Deficiency statistics 12 Mixing efficiency table 13 Mixtures showing a commercial shortage of $1 or more per ton 15 Mixtures substantially complying with guarantees 16 Chemicals and raw products 38 Summary of results of the inspection 38 Nitrogen compounds 39 Phosphoric acid compounds 42 Potash compounds 42 Products supplying nitrogen and phosphoric acid 44 Miscellaneous 45 Stone Meal 47 Definition and interpretations relating to fertilizers 48 Directory of manufacturers who registered fertilizers for sale in Massachusetts in 1931 49 MANUFACTURERS AND BRANDS During the season of 1931, 125 firms or individuals have registered for sale in Massachusetts 589 brands of mixed fertilizer and fertilizing materials. The general nature of these products is shown below. Complete fertilizers 357 Ammoniated superphosphates 4 Superphosphates with potash 1 Ground bone, tankage and dry ground fish .... 56 Fertilizer simples, including organic nitrogen compounds . 130 Tobacco stems 2 Pulverized manures 23 Cotton hull ashes and wood ashes 9 Peat products 6 Stone Meal 1 Total 589 The following brands were not sampled, for the reason that in some cases no sales were made and in others the goods were used as soon as received. lAssisted by H. Robert DeRose, Albert F. Spelman, George J. Larsinos and John B. Zielinski, Jr., Chemists; James T. Howard, C. L. Whiting, A. G. Brigham and G. E. Taylor, Sampling Agents; Harry L. Allen, Laboratory Assistant; Cora B. Grover, Clerk. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Brands of Fertilizer Registered but Not Sampled. Manufacturer and Brand Grade. Manufacturer and Brand Grade. American Agricultural Maine Farmers Exchange Chemical Co. M.F.E. Produce-More Acid Agrico for Aroostook with Phosphate 0-16-0 10% Potash . 4.94-8-10 Blood Tankage 9.87-5.49-0 Miller Fertilizer Co. Miller's 3-8-4 . 2.47-8-4 American Cyanamid Co. Miller's 4-8-7 . 3.29-8-7 Ammo-Phos-Ko No. 1 12-24-12 Miller's 4-8-10 3.29-8-10 Ammo-Phos-Ko No. 2 10-20-15 Miller's 10-16-14 . 8.23-16-14 Ammo-Phos-Ko-No. 3 10-30-10 Miller's Superphosphate 20% .... 0-20-0 Apothecaries Hall Co. Liberty Top Dresser for Old Deerfield Fertilizer Grass & Grain, 10-3 J^-8 8.22-3.5-8 Co., Inc. Liberty Tree & Shrub Old Deerfield 8-5-15 6.94-5-15 Food, 10-31-2-8 . 8.22-3.5-8 Cotton Hull Ashes . 0-0-17 Basic Slag .... 0-15-0 Dry Fish, 10% 8.23-5-0 Carbonate of Potash 0-0-60 Cotton Hull Ashes . 0-1-25 Olds & Whipple, Inc. Cotton Seed Meal . 6 . 58-0-0 Wilcox High Grade Fish Nitrate of Soda 15.21-0-0 & Potash 3.29-8-4 Sulphate of Ammonia 20.58-0-0 Pawtucket Rendering Co. Armour Fertilizer Works Special Burnley Mixture . 4.1-8-7 Armours Big Crop Fertil- ilizers 2-12-4 1.65-12-4 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Armours Big Crop Fertil- Co., Inc. izers 5-15-5 . 4.11-15-5 Harvest Brand Super- Armours Big Crop Fertil- phosphate 20% . 0-20-0 izers 10-16-14 8.23-16-14 Castor Pomace 4.52-0-0 Rach Milling Co. RMC Brand Cottonseed Barrett Co. Meal .... 6.56-0-0 Sulphate of Ammonia 20.56-0-0 Rogers & Hubbard Co. F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Linseed Meal 6 . 12-0-0 Co. Nitrate of Potash 13.16-0-44 Bartlett Green Tree Food 4.94-8-4 F. S. Royster Guano Co. Berkshire Chemical Co. Royster 5% Truck Guano 4.11-8-7 Berkshire Sulphate of Royster Wrapper Brand . 5.76-3-7 Ammonia 20 . 56-0-0 Berkshire Ground Tankage 7.4-6.86-0 Standard Wholesale Phos- phate & Acid Works, Collins Seed Service Co. Inc. Complete Grass Manure Standard U.S. Mammoth 7-8-1 .... 5.76-8-1 Truck Grower 1.65-8-5 Standard U.S. 5 x 10 x 5 . 4.11-10-5 Eastern States Farmers' U.S. Vitamin Brand 4x6 Exchange xlO. . . 3.3-6-10 Eastern States 2-12-6 . 2-12-6 U.S. Vitamin Brand 4x8 Eastern States 4-16-20 . 4-16-20 x4 3.3-8-4 Eastern States 8-4-8 To- Standard U.S. Steamed bacco .... 8-4-8 Bone Meal 2.47-22-0 Eastern States Ground Standard U. S. 20% Super- Animal Tankage . 7.5-9.2-0 phosphate 0-20-0 Standard U. S. Tankage . 4.94-13.73-0 H. L. Frost & Co. Frost's Special Tree Fer- Virginia-Carolina Chemi- tilizer .... 6 . 55-5-5 cal Corp. Bloom Aid, Liquid Form 1.85-2.6-1.12 Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. Wessel, Duval & Co. Castor Pomace 4.5-0-0 Chilean Nitrate of Soda . 15.25-0-0 Drawing of Samples. Between the dates of April 1 and June 15 four sampling agents, by means of automobile, made the usual thorough canvass of the state. The counties covered by each agent were as follows: James T. Howard, Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden; A. G. Brigham, Worcester; G. E. Taylor, Norfolk, Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable and Dukes; C. L. Whiting, Essex, Middlesex and Suffolk. The sampling statistics for the year are as follows: 23,250 sacks were sampled, representing 9,416 tons of fertilizer; 336 towns were visited; 1,950 samples, representing 535 distinct brands, were drawn from stock in the possession of CONTROL SERIES No. 60 597 agents or owners; 208 other agents were interviewed without samples being drawn, stocks having been exhausted, or comprising only brands of which a sufficient number of samples had already been drawn. COMPARATIVE COST OF FERTILIZER CHEMICALS AND UNMIXED FERTILIZER PRODUCTS. The following average quotations were secured from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter and Chemical Markets. Wholesale Ouotations on Chemicals and Unmixed Materials. Nature of Material. Average Price PER Ton for Six Months Preced- ing March 1. Price per Ton Nov. 2, 1931. Difference between November Price and Six Months' Average. 1930. 1931. Ammonium sulfate (20.5% N), bags, northern markets Ammonium sulfate-nitrate (26% N), bags, northern ports Nitrate of soda (15.5% N), bags, natural or synthetic . Nitrate of lime (15% N), bags, northern ports Calurea (34% N), bags, northern ports .... Urea (46% N), car lots, bags, northern ports Dried blood (12.34 N), ground, bags, New York . Animal tankage (8.23 N, 6.86% P205'), bulk, New York Dry ground fish (9.02% N, 6.86% P2O5), bags, Baltimore Cottonseed meal (5.76% N), bags, at mill Ground bone (2.47% N, 22.88% P2O5), bags. New York Superphosphate (16% av. P2O5), bulk. Baltimore . Muriate of potash (50.54%) K2O), bags .... Highgradesulfateof potash (48.65 %K20^, bags, . Potash-magnesia sulfate (25.94% K2O), bags. $42.71 55.04 42.53 44.93 87.25 103.25 63.42 44.36 58.28 32.91 31.50 9.50 36.76 47.76 27.50 $37.95 48.57 40.54 41.09 88.65 104.08 47.60 34.82 59.42 24.81 28.96 8.75 37.15 48.25 27.80 $27.00 No price 34 . 70 34.00 83 00 82.60 30.00 16.50 40.00 15.00 21.00 7.50 37.15 48.25 27.80 -$10.95 - 5.84 - 7.09 - 5.65 -21.48 -17.60 -18.32 -19.42 - 9.81 - 7.96 - 1.25 none none none With the exception of potash salts, the average wholesale price for all fer- tihzer chemicals and unmixed materials has been very much less during 1931 than for the previous year, and a comparison of the quotations for November 2 with those for the six months ending March 1, 1931, reveals a most astonishing price reduction, many of the products being quoted for less than at any time during the past forty-five years. Only once in this long period of time has nitrate nitrogen sold at a lower price than at present. In 1899 the pound of nitrogen from this source was valued at 123^ cents, which would make the wholesale ton cost of nitrate of soda $32.29. In 1896, and again in 1900, the wholesale price was about the same as at present. Nitrogen from ammonium sulfate and from the organic animal sources costs less now than at any previous time. Regarding organic vegetable ammoniates, although they are remarkably low at the present time (the pound of nitrogen from cottonseed meal costing only 19.1 cents), yet during a period from 1895 to 1898, inclusive, the pound of nitrogen from this source was valued at only 12 cents, which would make the wholesale cost of 38% protein meal at the mill only $9.87. From 1889 to 1892, inclusive, and again in 1894, the pound of nitrogen from this source was valued at only 15 cents. Superphosphate in 1914-15 was 37 cents per ton less than the present Baltimore price. Potash is the only plant food element that has not declined in price. Muriate, high grade sulfate, and sulfate of potash-magnesia cost more at the present time than for any year since 1922. The very marked reduction in cost of the nitrogen-containing products should insure very much lower prices for mixed commercial fertilizers for 1932. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Fertilizer Trade Values. Form of Plant Food. Value per Pound. Unit Value. Nitrogen. In ammonia salts In nitrates Organic nitrogen in fish Organic nitrogen in blood, meat and hoof meal Organic nitrogen in fine ' bone and tankage Organic, nitrogen in coarse ' bone and tankage and in pulverized manures . Organic nitrogen in mixed fertilizers Organic nitrogen in cottonseed meal, castor pomace, etc Organic nitrogen in calurea and urea Phosphoric Acid. Soluble in water and neutral citrate of ammonia (available) In fine i bone and tankage and in fish In coarse ' bone and tankage .......... In pulverized manu'-es, seed residues, and ashes Insoluble in mixed fertilizers Potash. As sulfate As .muriate As nitrate As carbonate In pulverized manures, seed residues, and the water insoluble portion in ashes $0.1125 .15 .38 .245 .265 .19 .27 .27 .14 .05 .055 .045 .04 .02 .059 .044 .045 .10 .04 $2.25 3.00 7.60 4.90 5.30 3.80 5.40 5.40 2.80 1.00 1.10 .90 .80 .40 1.18 .88 .90 2.00 .80 ■Fine bone and tankage refers to particles which, as sampled, will pass through a sieve with circular openings 1/50 of an inch in diameter. Coarse bone and tankage refers to that portion which will not pass through the sieve. The fertilizer trade values are based on average wholesale quotations taken from trade journals for the six months ending March 1, 1931, plus 20 per cent for overhead and proper allowance for bags, labor and freight when appropriate. CONTROL SERIES No. 60 FERTILIZER TONNAGE. Tonnage of Mixed and Unmixed Fertilizers Sold in Massachusetts. July 1, 1928, to July 1, 1929. July 1, 1929, to July 1, 1930. July 1, 1930, to July 1, 1931. Mixed fertilizers Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed. Pulverized natural manures .... 41,. 529 18,788 2,174 42,881 21,249 2,491 43,463 19,174 2,426 Totals 62,491 66,621 65,063 Although there were 1,558 tons less fertilizer sold in the state in 1931 than during the previous year, nevertheless, the tonnage of mixed fertilizer was 582 more. The tonnage of unmixed materials and pulverized manures was 2,075 and 65 less, respectively, than in 1930. Of the total tonnage sold, 66.8 per cent was mixed fertilizer, 29.5 per cent was unmixed materials, and 3.7 per cent was pulverized natural manures. Plant Food Tonnage. Nitrogen. Available Phosphoric Acid. Potash. 1930. 1931. 1930. 1931. 1930. 1931. Mixed fertilizers Fertilizer chemicals and materials unmixed . Pulverized natural manures .... 1,797 1,916 1,441 1,084 56 42 3,366 3,473 1,636 1,630 37 30 2,703 584 77 2,827 561 87 Totals 3,294 3,042 5,039 5.133 3,364 3,475 There were only 47 tons less of plant food sold in the state than during 1930, although the actual tonnage of fertilizer sold was 1,558 less. Ninety-four tons more of available phosphoric acid. 111 tons more of potash, and 252 tons less of nitrogen were used in the state than during the previous season. There were 11,650 tons of plant food sold, of which 70.6 per cent was de- rived from mixed goods, 28 per cent from unmixed materials, and 1.4 per cent from pulverized animal manures. The mixed and unmixed materials furnished the three plant food elements in the following proportions: nitrogen, 63 per cent from mixed and 37 per cent from unmixed materials; phosphoric acid, 68 per cent from mixed and 32 per cent from unmixed materials; potash, 81 per cent from mixed and 19 per cent from unmixed fertilizers. The tonnage of the various grades of mixed fertilizers and unmixed fertilizer materials is given in the following tables: INSPECTIO,N OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS (a) Tonnage of Mixed Fertilizers. Complete Fertilizers. High-Analysis {lit per cent or more of Nitrogen, Available Phosphoric Acid and Potash.) Grade, i Tonnage. Brands. Grade. ' Tonnage. Brands. 4.11 (5)-8-7 11,921 40 4.94 (6)-8-4 100 _ 3.29 (4)-8-4 8,267 39 2.47 (3)-8-6 95 - 3.29 (4)-6-10 1,936 20 1.65 (2)-12-14 84 5 2.47 (3) -8-4 1,633 20 6.58 (8)-6-5 82 ~ 5.76 (7) -3-7 1,461 9 6.58 (8)-5-15 74 — 6.58 (8)-6-6 1,018 13 2.47 (3)-8-10 67 — 4 (4.86)-12-4 1,010 - 8.22 (10)-6-2 64 — 4.11 (5)-10-5 963 - 6.58 (8)-13-ll 63 ~ 3.29 (4) -8-7 848 10 5.76 (7)-ll-10 61 — 5 (6.08)-10-4 712 _ 4.11 (5)-5-5 61 - 4.94 (6)-6-4 692 6 5 (6.08)-5-5 58 - 4 (4.86)-8-8 587 - 3.29 (4)-10-4 57 - 4.94 (6)-8-7 562 - 6 (7.29)-15-9 55 - 4.94 (6)-8-10 535 - 10 (12.16)-6-4 50 - 2.47 (3)-10-6 477 _ 8.22 (10)-6-4 45 - 5.76 (7)-6-5 439 9 5.76 (7)-8-6 45 - 2.47 (3)10-4 339 - 4.11 (5)-4-14 43 — 3.29 (4)-8-10 289 7 1.65 (2)-]2-2 35 - 15 (18.24)-30-15 284 - 5 (6.08)-8-6 34 - 4.11 (5)-8-5 283 - 9 (10.94)-18-18 32 - 5.76 (7)-6-4 255 - 3.29 (4) -10-5 30 — 8.22 (10;-16-14 247 11 6.58 (8) -8-4 27 - 6 (7.29)-8-6 238 - 5 (6.08)-9-6 27 — 8 (9 73)-16-16 233 - 10 (12.16)-3-3 27 - 2.47 {3)-7-16 228 - 10 (12.16)-5-10 23 - 4.94 (6)-8-12 226 - 5.76 (7)-8-l 22 - 8.22 (10)-3-8 225 - 12 (14.59)-16-12 22 16 (19.45)-16-16 217 - 1.65 (2)-12-6 22 4.11 (5)-4-15 190 - 1.65 (2)-10-4 21 - 5.35 (6.5)-3-7 153 - 2 (2.43)-12-4 20 - 4.11 (5)-7-10 136 _ 8.22 (10)-6-6 17 — 4 (4.86)-10-6 121 - 6 (7.29)-18-6 17 — 1.65 (2)-8-10 113 - 10 (12,16)-8-6 16 — 4.94 (6)-8-5 106 - 5.76 (7)-6-6 15 - ■ 5.76 (7)-12-10 105 - Miscellaneous 840 44 — Totals 39,492 309 Low-Analysis {less than 11^ per cent of Nitrogen, Available Phosphoric Acid and P otash.) 4.11 (5)-3-5 4.94 (6)-3-6 4.11 (5)-4-5 1.65 (2) -8-2 1.65 (2)-9-3 1.65 f2)-10-2 1,614 896 343 329 230 182 101 12 7 6 .82 (l)-10-3 6.58 (8)-4-2 4 (4.86)-1.12-.08 3.25 (3.95)-3.65 -3 3 1.65'(2)-8-3 Miscellaneous Totals 63 53 22 15 15 39 6 2.47 (3)-5-6 3,902 45 Ammoniated Superphosphates and Superphosphates with Potash. Grade, i Tonnage. Brands. 0-14-6 50 17 2 3.29 (4)-10-0 . 3.29 (4)-4-0 . : Totals . 69 4 'Grade is expressed in terms of nitrogen (ammonia equivalent in parentheses), available phosphoric acid, and potash. CONTROL SERIES No. 60 (b) Tonnage of Unmixed Fertilizing Materials. Material. Tonnage. Brands. Material. Tonnage. Brands. Superphosphate 4,389 22 Sulfate of potash . 140 7 Cottonseed meal 3,454 13 Calcium nitrate 122 - Ground bone . 2,825 28 Precipitated bone . 71 5 Nitrate of soda. 2,555 14 Cyanamid 60 — Pulverized animal manures 2,426 21 Cal-Nitro 33 — Humus (peat) . 1.088 7 Sulfate of potash-mag- Sulfate of ammonia. 879 17 nesia .... 30 - Muriate of potash . 591 11 Carbonate of potash 26 - Castor pomace 359 10 Ground mineral phos- Animal tankage 345 11 phate .... 25 — Dry ground fish 332 14 Blood tankage 20 - Basic slag phosphate 330 - Organic ammoniate 19 — Cotton hull ashes . 290 7 Ammo-Phos ... 12 - Milorganite 243 - Dried Blood . 11 - Tobacco stems . 213 - Calurea .... 9 — Nitrate of potash . 202 7 Synthetic urea 5 - Wood ashes 184 - Mowrah meal 3 — Stone Meal 156 — Horn and hoof meal 3 — Linseed meal . 150 Peruvian guano Totals .... 2 - 21,602 229 In expressing the grade in mixed fertilizers, nitrogen is given first, followed by the ammonia equivalent in parentheses, available phosphoric acid and potash. This custom will be modified in 1932 when the ammonia equivalent will be eliminated. Of the total tonnage of fertilizer sold, 66.8 per cent was mixed and 33.2 per cent was unmixed materials and pulverized manures. The proportion of mixed fertihzers was larger by 2.4 per cent than during 1930. Of the 39,492 tons of high-analysis complete fertilizers, 75.4 per cent were furnished by 10 grades and 159 brands. Double and multiple strength mixtures totalled 1,207 tons, which is 460 tons less than for 1930. Of the 43,463 tons of mixed fertilizer sold, 90.75 per cent contained 14 per cent or over of available plant food and 9.25 per cent contained less than 14 per cent and would thus be classed as low-analysis fertilizers; this is % of 1 per cent less than for the previous year. The amount of ammoniated super- phosphates and superphosphates with potash sold was less than 0.2 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed goods. There were 440 tons less of low-analysis complete fertilizers sold than in 1930. The 4.11 (5)-3-5 grade, comprising 12 brands, furnished about 41 per cent of the tonnage of low-analysis complete fertilizers. About 73 per cent was furnished by 3 grades, comprising 17 brands. The tonnage of unmixed materials was distributed as follows: nitrogen products, 37.63 per cent; phosphoric acid products, 22.34 per cent; potash products, 4.99 per cent; tankage, fish, bone, wood ashes, 18.05 per cent; miscellaneous, 5.76 per cent. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS The following table listing the ten most popular grades in the order of the largest tonnage, as compared with a similar list for 1930, will show how the choice of fertilizer grade varies from year to year, the choice no doubt being influenced more or less by the yearly variation in crop acreage. 1930. 1931. Grade. Tonnage. Grade. Tonnage. 4.11 (5)-8-7 3.29 (4)-8-4 4.11 (5)-3-5 3 29 (4)-6-10 2.47 (3)-8-4 5.76 (7)-3-7 4.11 (5)-10-5 3.28 (4)-8-7 6.58 (8)-6-6 4.11 (5)-12-4 12,804 7,716 1,961 1,530 1,451 1,044 997 . 974 949 926 4.11 (5)-8-7 3.29 (4)-8-4 3.29 {4)-6-10 2.47 (3)-8-4 4.11 (5)-3-5 5.76 (7)-3-7 6.58 (8)-6-6 4 (4.86)-12-4 .... 4 11 (5)-10-5 4.94 (6)-3-6 11,921 8,267 1,936 1,633 1,614 1,461 1,018 1.010 963 896 The two most popular brands, both in 1930 and in 1931, were the 4.11 (5)-8-7 and 3.29 (4)-8-4 grades. The combined tonnage of these two grades in 1930 was 20,520 and in 1931, 20,188. The 3.29 (4)-6-10 grade had the third highest tonnage, showing an increase of 406 tons over 1930. The 2.47 (3)-8-4 grade was advanced from fifth place in 1930 to fourth place in 1931, with a tonnage increase of 182. Out of the ten brands having the highest tonnage, three were grades used on tobacco: the 4.11 (5)-3-5, 5.76 (7)-3-7, and 4.94 (6)-3-6. They had a combined tonnage of 3,971, the 4.11 (5)-3-5 (the lowest grade) leading. It may not be out of place here to observe that in case of the three grades of tobacco fertilizer, the use of the higher grade will result in better economy. A 4,11 (5)-3-5 grade made by using nitrate of potash, dry ground fish, 6.56% nitrogen cottonseed meal, cotton hull ashes and precipitated bone, would re- quire the use of 730 pounds of filler in each ton of fertilizer. The 5.76 (7)-3-7 grade made by using the same high grade materials would require the use of only 305 pounds of filler; moreover, only 2,150 pounds of the latter grade would need to be used to furnish the same amount of both nitrogen and potash as would be suppUed by the use of 3,000 pounds of the 4.11 (5)-3-5 grade. Thus the labor of handling 850 pounds of fertilizer is avoided, besides the actual money saving that would result. 10 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 "New England Standard Nine" Grades. The table shows the distribution of tonnage of these grades, also the grades proposed and adopted for New England for 1932, when nitrogen takes the place of ammonia in the statement of grade. Additional Tonnage New England from Grades Varying Tentative List of Standard Nine Tonnage. but 1% in One or Total. New England Grades Grades. More Plant Foods. for 1932. 4.11 (5)-8-7. 12,168a 2,296 14,464 5-8-7 3.29 (4)-8-4. 9,2306 1,906 11,136 4-8-4 3.29 (4)-6-10 1,936 136 2,072 4-8-10 6.58 (8)-6-6. 1,018 536 1,554 7-6-6 4.94 (6)-3-6. 896 3,571 4,467 6-3-6 2.47 (3)-10-4 339 338 677 3-10-4 1.65 (2)-12-4 84 _ * 84 2-12-4 4 94 (6)-8-6. 34 662 696 5-8-10 1.65 (2)-10-8 none • none none 2-8-10 25,705 9,445 35,150 a Including 247 tons of 8.23 (10)-16-14. b Including 963 tons of 4.12 (5)-10-5. Of the ten grades, including the multiple strength mixtures, that have the highest tonnage (31,929 tons), only five, totaling 25,248 tons, were among the "New England Standard Nine." About 59 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was among the grades advocated for New England conditions. In addition, about 22 per cent of the tonnage was from grades varying but one per cent in one or more plant food elements from the grades advocated, so that 81 per cent fell within this group or varied from it but one per cent in one or more elements. About 17 per cent of the total tonnage of mixed fertilizers was from six grades not among the number advocated for New England conditions. They are 2.47 (3)-8-4, fourth largest tonnage sold; 4.12 (5)-3-5, fifth largest; 5.76 (7)-3-7, sixth largest; 4 (4.86)-12-4, eighth largest; 4.12 (5)-10-5, ninth largest; 3.29 (4)-8-7, eleventh largest. MIXED FERTILIZERS. Guarantees to be Simplified. In 1927, on recommendation of the Committee on Definition of Terms and Interpretation of Results on Fertilizers, the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists made official the following interpretation: Interpretation of brand name to include the analysis or grade of fertilizer. The Committee recommends and urges the practice of including the analysis or grade of fertilizer with the brand name, both by the manufac- turer on sacks and in printed literature and by the control official in his reports and publications. In 1928, the Association on recommelndation of its Committee adopted as official the following definition of Fertilizer Grade: The grade of a fertilizer shall represent the minimum guarantee of its plant food expressed in terms of nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and water soluble potash. In 1930, the Association through the same procedure officially adopted two other interpretations bearing on this subject, as follows: Order of Terms. The order of terms in mixed fertilizers shall be nitrogen first, phosphoric acid second, and potash third. Statement of Guarantees. The statement of guarantees of mixed fer- tilizers shall be given in whole numbers. In 1927 and 1928, the National Fertilizer Association displayed a fine spirit of cooperation by the adoption of the recommendation that its members throughout the country use the term nitrogen in place of ammonia, and that INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 11 the guarantee of nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and potash in mixed com- mercial fertilizers be stated only in whole numbers. During the past year the fertilizer manufacturers, in conference with agron- omists and control officials of New England and Middle Atlantic States, have agreed to adopt, beginning with January 1, 1932, certain recommendations that should eventually simplify some of the manufacturer's problems and constitute a valuable educational feature in the selection and use of commerical fertilizer mixtures. Beginning with January 1, fertilizer trade names will include the fertilizer grade, which is the minimum plant food guarantee expressed in whole numbers and in the order and terms of nitrogen, available phosphoric acid and water soluble potash. This will be accompanied by a simple statement of guarantee and read somewhat as follows: 100 lbs. Net Good Luck 5-8-7 For Potatoes Guaranteed Analysis: Nitrogen 5 Available phosphoric acid 8 Water soluble potash 7 (Manufacturer's name and address) After January 1, the first figure in expressing fertilizer grade will refer to nitrogen and not ammonia as in the past. This means that a 5-8-7 grade will carry 5 per cent nitrogen in place of 4.11 per cent as heretofore. It is believed that in most instances this 22 per cent increase in the nitrogen content of fertiUzer mixtures will prove through increased yields to be good economy. For the purpose of reference, it may be recorded that 1 per cent ammonia represents only .82 per cent nitrogen, and that 1 per cent nitrogen represents 1.22 per cent ammonia. F^iture guarantees will be much simplified by the omission of ammonia equivalent, fractional analyses, and total, water-soluble and citrate-insoluble phosphoric acid. The omission of the water-soluble phosphoric acid from the guarantee was made for the purpose of simplifying the statement of analysis. It was formerly believed that a mixed commercial fertilizer with a high percentage of water- soluble phosphoric acid was superior to one with a high percentage of reverted or citrate-soluble phosphoric acid and a correspondingly low percentage of water-soluble form. This has not proved to be the case, however, and it seems no longer necessary to make this distinction. Bone base fertilizer mixtures, containing all of their phosphoric acid in form of undissolved bone, are to carry a guarantee of total phosphoric acid ac- companied by a statement that all the phosphoric acid is derived from un- dissolved bone, and the statement of grade may for the present be omitted. Upon the adoption by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of a modified method of determining available phosphoric acid in ammoniated superphosphates made by using either anhydrous or liquid ammonia as the source of nitrogen or in mixtures containing this product, it is believed that the available phosphoric acid in bone base mixtures may be readily determined by the same procedure. Statement of grade may then apply to such fertilizers and the statement of total phosphoric acid may be omitted from the guarantee. 12 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Deficiency Statistics for Mixed Fertilizers. Manufacturer. American Agricultural Chemical Co American Cyanamid Co. . American Soda Products Co. . Apothecaries Hall Co. Armour Fertilizer Works . Berkshire Chemical Co. C & R Sales Co Lyman Carrier .... Central Chemical Co. Clay & Son Collins Seed Service Co. . Consolidated Rendering Co. Davey Tree Expert Co. John C. Dow Co., Inc. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Essex Fertilizer Co. . Excell Laboratories Grasselli Chemical Co. Thomas Hersom & Co. Independent Manufacturing Co. International Agricultural Corp. Henry James & Son, Inc. . Jax Plant Food Co. . M. P. Lansill .... Lebanon Fertilizer Works . Little-Tree Farms Lowell Fertilizer Works Maine Farmers Exchange . Miller Fertilizer Co. . Mitchell Fertilizer Co. New England Fertilizer Co. Nitrate Agencies Co. . Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. Old Gardener Co. Olds & Whipple, Inc. . Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co. Pawtucket Rendering Co. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc Plantabbs Corp Rhodey Corp Rogers & Hubbard Co. F. S. Royster Guano Co. . O. M. Scott & Sons Co. . Seedtown Products, Inc. . M. L. Shoemaker & Co. . Smith Agricultural Chemical Co. Springfield Rendering Co. Standard Wholesale Phosphate and Acid Works, Inc. Stimuplant Laboratories, Inc. . Swift & Co., Fertilizer Works . Arthur F. Sylvester Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp Henry J. Taubert Co. Tennessee Corp William Thomson & Sons, Ltd. Victory Fertilizer Corp. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp. Walker Fertilizer Co., Inc. C. P. Washburn Co. . Worcester Rendering Co. . Norman S. Wright & Co., Ltd. Number of Brands. 59 4 1 14 13 11 1 1 8 1 2 3 1 4 11 8 1 1 3 1 17 7 1 1 2 1 9 4 4 2 7 1 12 1 8 6 4 7 1 1 22 4 1 1 3 1 13S 3E a- o '.S.2 o ^ . t. 3 M S-O-3 57 4 1 14 13 11 1 1 8 1 2 3 1 4 10 8 1 1 3 1 17 7 1 1 2 1 9 4 3 2 7 1 12 1 8 6 4 7 1 0 22 4 1 1 3 1 Number of Tests or Determinations 177 10 3 40 39 33 3 3 24 3 6 9 3 12 32 24 3 3 9 3 51 21 3 3 6 3 27 12 12 6 21 3 36 3 24 18 12 21 3 3 66 12 3 3 8 3 24 36 3 6 3 9 3 3 6 9 30 3 12 18 3 X > a, a) ai a O 01 a • fe 0) « V *^ a Several analyses of the same brand have been averaged and recorded in the table as one analyais. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 13 Summary of Deficiencies in Mixed Fertilizers. 1929. 1930. 1931. Brands deficient in one element . Brands deficient in two elements . Brands deficient in three elements Brands deficient in nitrogen .... Brands deficient in available phosphoric acid Brands deficient in potash .... 99 18 0 43 51 40 94 14 1 38 46 41 99 15 0 23 67 49 Serious Commercial Shortages in Mixed Fertilizers. Amount of Shortage per Ton. Number op Brands According to Years. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. More than $5 Between $4 and $5 . . . . Between $3 and $4 . . . . Between $3 and $3 . . . . Between $1 and $2 . . . . 1 1 none none none 3 none 1 2 5 3 1 1 2 6 1 1 1 none 1 2 none 1 none 3 Of the 332 brands analyzed, 218, or 65.7 per cent, showed no deficiencies. Out of 990 plant food guarantees made, 87 per cent were fully maintained. The deficiency table shows the following statistics: Deficiencies not exceeding H of 1 per cent, 69. Deficiencies between J^ and K of 1 per cent, 34. Deficiencies between 3^ and % of 1 per cent, 14. Deficiencies more than % oi 1 per cent, 13. Based upon the total number of guarantees of each element made, 7 per cent of the nitrogen guarantees, 17.3 per cent of the available phosphoric acid guarantees, and 15.1 per cent of the potash guarantees were not met. Seventeen of the 23 nitrogen deficiencies, 18 of the 57 available phosphoric acid deficiencies, and 34 of the 49 potash deficiencies did not exceed 3P-i <0 -IJ c-o O o C a) cs J3n^ tS Mn3 D. r o^- lOOO 00 ^ t^t- o^oo Tt t- ■"frt ^r)< ■>* 0000 OS (MOO •^ OU5 001 co«o C- OOStH t- coo rt 0 COCO 05(M mco 'SI 00 00 00 in 1-1,-no m in in 00 05 to CO § r-i H'C 3^3 C 3 a o 3 in 10 U3 COtO-H Tl< ot-co T-t 1^ oso OS osTf f^ •"jicoo 00 CO i 0 05 10 10005 in TjHcoc^ T».-H COtJi (M rtIM 10 NCOO t-co eg «5 «5t> CO t- to 00 00 X 00 00 CO CO IM 00 00 CO 000 < ■3 OS rHTil TjiO«> t- -5(<,-IOO •*os coo CO CO 00 0 CO CO CO 000 COrt CD«2 50 n Oi OS Oi in m MtI" t- CON tr- TH(M.-I iHin H 00 •* Tjl «0«0 50 in ■^Tjlrjl NN 00 00 "" coco ee TllTfTl. ■v-^ file OS 10 0 coooo on NOiCO oos ■*■* CO oco on OS in CO ■HIM Q 03 oo t- N ot> to CO CO cot> CO (MOO CO t-OOTf OtJ. z Mt.- ^ ' 0^ fe c2S z 0) rtO OiOlM ^ IMC^M a 0) 0 a) v (U (V (U t-OO t-co la n V> in in t- c c Tj. a a c a c CO in in eo« o 0 0 0 ■ 0 0 0 0 0 o gfi; c s s c c c a c « H s ■3 0 .2 w 0 IM-* NOys 00 ocoo TfO NCO 0 CON IM 000 0 0(M £§6 00 Oii-I i-HOC- ■q" TfCOCO OS 05 in CO »-i r-l-a' 0 OOOM OON CO COCO iniOTf TJ" CO CO CO ,-,,H t-t> '^ NN CO CONCO IMCO <1 ■■ 1 JS p^l ^■^a ©0 coco ■* 00 ininin -So 0 ■■3" m 00 00 CO coco CO •^t ■* *-l rH d z < cs ra Q Z < d 0 . . . OS .a u 3 g u J3 E- E 01 ^ Lh 03 fc. N D Z 0 3 3 ■-3 3 0 0 fi f-< L^ 000 000 a c a _«_C3 bfi bo c c WW i H 0 M^^ 3 3 c c ca ca 55 U u 000 ca ca a s < 2: k 00 000 0 0 3 3 0 0 00 t^ tH b QQQ <<<: uo 0 1-. tH tH 3 0 0 0 0 D. a, a 000 0 0 000 0 CJ 0 33 0 0 0 0 "is 0 u 0 0 0 cj 6h 0 0 CJ CJ 0 0 ss 0 S 4) * t- ost- MO 05lH iHO IH Tl<-* COCO r-IN t-t- O 00500 iMOO eo eo «o (ota t-t- to ooo>o OS 050 N tH iH WOO t-OJ iH WOO «>D5 COM too o coco NO OOlO in t-N ■>t lOCO ^[ CO to o CO OlM rt to rHO rHO 00 to CO CO 05 o lO 00 0000 OSO> 00 00 00 00 Ui oow 00 OO X tototo 00 00 05 00 00 OO tH t-H 00 00 00 00 o CO OS rHO 0>0J t-05 CON t- 1-1 tH t> t>co IMOO 05 i«coco 00 ■ eOTji t-o eot- OStH ojco OiO> 030M ^005 C-rHt- ^ CO N 05 U5t- 05tD 05t- o o o 00 s a a ss a o o o o Oii-H CO t-00 >0t> r-liHrl 00 00 00 0505 00 00 00 00 to oooo woooo tototo 000005 0000 th r-t 00 00 to N to T-li-H •.a 0) 01 >>> o o OhPh O (U 33 60 be >> .s.s '3 '3 I- u 8 O S C mm m CO 3 3 c c 00 c c -■c 43 > o o °° t o) k^ Lh tM 3 3 3 c c c 0) 0) 0) "Efto. """^ •-' sss 000 09 03 t» 3 3 c c eij a o o O 2 fL, o o D. O. dJ 0) 0. a 3 3 m w X><1 a o o rt u '-^ ^J- * -^ t. 't- ^ - "^. ">>">. '>:\~>, ">,">■''>. '>, ">> ">, ">>">. ">.'>. ^ ^ S? ^ & -K^ & ^ ^ & nanaxs 13 -a -a 0) 03 TJ-O -a-o ^ 0 £b PTI i~ ;- t^ U, t~i « mm mm mm mm m mm mmm mmm m m m mm mm m f=:i » W 00 r-l 00 Tic COiH 05-H 05 >H t- IM Tf rH .H t- CJ T)! 05 lO N -^ N lO o •*•* to t- t- in to to co-^-*-^ toto ■* COOJ-^f ■* Ph S -•s . •2 S-a"? 0 t-O NN -^co t-^co coooi 00 CO ■* to o» 05 10 .t: ao 3 (N ;j3 Tf 00 ■*IM ■5)1 toco CJXMOO OJOC-IN T*01 10 0 OC-IOC- <1£ 00 00 00 «£> to 00 00 00 00 00 to to to lA to to to oo> to CO t> to 10 CD "S CO •*00 too y-t rH coo t- INOO t- t>05 0> to t-U5 CO 0 Tj-CONCO \oto -*■* t-lO NIMN to to Tl< 010 CO to 1000 t5.-l,-l UJOJto 0 toco to t-eo ^ CO 00 -^oo* 0 C-05 OS t- i-tOi O»00t> OjtC* incocoo OSrH CO to T)C- Z "£?S ^ ^ ' ' ' 'rH ■^' (N o fa ofe 3) „; z c i s ._4 0 IV 00 Ti' toco O»-l00 CO CO 00 rH tooo s 0 CO 00 05 CO CO 0 0 0 0 o gfa c a rHrH C a a ■^ "a o c3 a «l ^00 ■*N 000 00 00 00 00 to IN Tfioooo O^J CO rti OOOtJiO CO ^ 00 1> e oocoHto* N rt-i N t- OiOi m § 1 6 0 3 < s ^J3 H "a u B 0 0 3 t.< H =3 .2.2 00 .2 "m C' k< L. tn 0 a d) a> <: ti 0 ti t; -t-i *^ S 3 0 3 3 ^ =3 .2 fa 8 Lh t.. Lh L. rHN CO CO CO OOO t-t- y-t ejt- Tf^ N I 50t- O50i t- -^eO rH o oaco eo(M coo> OOO NiO oa> o-* cqo» iH(N ino t-o 00 CO S;:! IH-* oo> 00 OlTil looo t-00 T}tco TlllO too co«o CON 00 00 1-1 Oi-H OOO TllTjl lOO •noo •»* U5 rtrt ifia «0«D rtrH coco •*■* TJI.^ IN coco coco T^rl ■* coco coco INN to O CO 00 C-00 «DN CO-* ^o 00 t> ot> Til -a' co rtOO lOO MOO coo TjltC U3 §^ CO "5 00 00 U3 00 VU3 O <1> U3 0) 0) 0) . o • o o o a a a a o 3 t^ CJ o ® to CI] »;D t(IO TllO NtJI TllO !O00 00 0»0 •* t- t- -"ii N-ill r-IO» Oto ON o OCO TtN 05 iH coco 1-11-1 i-li-l NN CON 1-1 N NN NN i-l iH N NN NN "H N CD CIS t- ■«» COCO TfTf t-t- NN Tfi'^ t-t~ lOiO I I I I II II 00 cc a><7> coco coco oooo oooo oooo coco oooo TfTli coco Oi05 C- [- NN rli-l iHi t- [- iHi-l t- Tl CD o <=5 >-l iH Nl* HOO iHlO THte iHiH Ni-I Ni-( CO >-liH COCO t-l t~ CO iH ■* i-l T)< COCO 20 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Q 2 D CO OS-* 1 1 1 1 00 COO 1 1 O t> CO c- o «o^ » 0 ■* ;doo ^ lO N 00 CO N -0 0 laio t- CO <-2 r-i ■^-^ CD OS O N (1. § OJ-r* .2 u ilah ipho cid und lO 00 lO 05 00 cs O] 00 0100 CO t- lO M t- t- la ■>* 00 t- y-t CO c- 05 CO 05 oa 0000 00 DO 10 rH "(3 O OM 00 00 CT> 0 00 04 00 rHCO «-lCO CO 00 00 (a CO Tj< \a o CO 05 00 •* IM 0010 -^ uo o> 00 t- o a> IMIN •V IM e t- U3 CO CO coo IHIO 0 OS la o ci N 04 rjl TH.H N ■^' fe S to c2S z V \a TflOO CJ 0 00 OS CJ u a C E3 s c a ■>* a OS 01 •*co c a to N fl o M« J. o O O o o o 0 0 0 0 o g^ e a a a a a ^ a "^ a a ci a H 2 ■« =3 m T)i rfO ei N CO CO -f •iti OJ OJO •^(O 0 CO -f 00 NCO lO CO a> (N 0 (M O-H OJO CO CO e>] 00 W!N N ^" ^ CO CO OJIM IMCJ ^" ci <5 J3 ntee: en — able horic 'otas ■* •>* 0 MC<1 N 1 1 CO t- t- t- t- Tl<-<1< *? r-( 0 00 1 01 CO [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rt tea D.^^ 1 1 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 °? ■* 2 o S m 1 to HO CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gua Nitr Avi Pho Acid- 00 1 ■* ■* Si t- \a 0>05 o>a> iO OS OS 1 1 00 «5 CO N "*. tH t- 0J04 IMOJ t- OJ 0) 1 at (NN 1 CO ^ -^ 00 ei •^ 10 coco COCO \o CO CO tX t1< V7 1 1 00 00 § 00 op ^>. 2 t- Tjir)" 1 00 t- 1 !23 1 CO 0) CJ *o *CJ 10 1 CJ CJ CD § 7 t- -=■5 a. 0. WW 1 00 0' ii < N 1-, a a 1 1 CJ CJ aim t- 00 1 CO* 1 IS 3 3 3 WW CJ CI 1 fl a 1 00 o CO 0 C3 OS 03 CJ CJ 1 ^ a 0 » ^ D Z 6 < 1 N a o 1 CD s 0 Ah lU •0 2 0 0 CD .a 0 0 0 CD oS 00 CJ CJ 0 ■3 CI 0 ki CJ .a b4 "a •s CJ o < "0 E c 6 o 6 d o o WW 3 1 o a 09 < =3 ■3 a 1 0 c =3 s 0 m lU 2 0 UI 0 0) WW c a .2.2 0 0 +j ■*-> CH CI] CJ a CJ 0 5 z u o o o M o 0 0 '^'s 0 0 0. 0 0. a a 0) PhOh C c u 0 fe fe £ £ 00 fLiOn w P^ w be o >, >. >. >. >. ^ >.>. >.>. !» >, ^ o o o +J +j ■4J -^ 4J +J 4J -M s £E *-* .n J3 J2 J2 ^Xi J2XI .13 x> J3 a < <;<; a O a 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 33 3 3 3 < < < ^ ^^ (M IM c^ ^ ^ (M ^ ^^ rtlO ^ ^ ^_^ Z^ ■^ w a INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 21 lO 05 TJi t- r-( .H t>as o 00 o OO 00 OJ Tjl 1* o Tj<- 0)10 io to (U O eot> 03 V lOlO a 00 t>io N a fi a fl o o o o o o o o • o o O o o fl '' c a a c a a a c c: *"* rH tH N fl c fi fl so o 00 to 00 to Tjl^ Oi to to ■* NOO 00 to Tf a) N ^ o 00 N ■* ■-1 MOJ lO ^o CO r-l OS (M—l • o a M lO CO r^ (NtI CO coco IN CO CON lOlO to OS lO OO o 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 TfTjl 1 1 t> 1 1 to t>C- 1 1 1 1 to 1 lO lOlO 1 1 1 to 1 7 1 •>* 1 00 00 1 1 f 00 00 1 1 00 1 1 00 00 1 1 1 1 to 1 CO 1 TfTjl 1 1 CO 1 to 1 to 1 N t- 1- OS 05 01 OS (T> 00 1 1 1 •^ w '-t ■* -^ (N IM(M eg (M r-i i~t c- t- lO r-t iH 1-) c- 1 o 00 lO t> ■<* eo •^ (NN CO COCO CO CO ■*■* lo la to ■* ■<*-^ U5 \a to '^ U3 ik n ■« § lO lOin t- to CO ■*■* co 00 •a o OO in inio t- z r/1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (jl rt C3 (3 o c o T)< to 00 00 00 00 00 '3 'S'S 'o o o 1 COCO •* ■fl<^ 1 T)l Tj< VO lO t- t- 1 00 a a a MM a M 01 S O ■* >a 0 N N N Sa N V . >. >. h 5 ^ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 i-l *a> 3 O o o o o o o O O tiS s id a S fl ?. s p. fi F H F P F F a> ^- u. C4 J 1-1 hJ « < « <; <; < « CQ m 11 pa m M - - r-(CO iO y-l O - - N tr- r-ltO N - rtco - - oa CO N ^ ^ « 22 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 -HO ON N to 00 N 00 D 50IM eoeo 1 00 1 1 1 1 en 00 1- 1 1 1 o fa fa|S «5§ ■>*«) 00 CO •,* t> (MM o '-'c ^~^ (U .0 .0 J3 X «.2 la N t- coco o>o CJO ^N T)l t- o> ai 1 1 1 CO iH 03-* 05 00 1 coco U3U3 to to t- < <5 H •* 10 t-t-' •<* .* NN to 16 CO i-H to o § S.-C 3 o_'d W-^ a> N 0 vH m t- CO to m 00-* too 0 rH CO ON 10 Tj* t- 0 10 —( ■q 05IM •«}I.H to 00 CO WOO 00 ■* to CO to 10 t- 0 CO to 05 ."1" CO 0 to 0 •^TJ< t>as CO 10 Tj"-^ coco to rfa< ■^TJI 00" t-' us' cli rHkO o>t- ■^ CO Tl 10 to 005 t- ■^t t- Q 000 lOOO a> 0 cot- 10 10 CO Ttt- ■"i-os oa N 2 NM 10 rtrt '-"-' CO ^^ rtrt -' •<* ■*' Z CO t- l-(^ ^ CO c a o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o ;^.° [-'00 M c c a a oi NCq a a N a S Pi 2;fa "5 0 C9 m 00 a) 00 ■* ■* 0 to-* 0 to 0 ■>i* ■* to NCO 10 N c 0 s 05 00 (MN oeq co-^ Oit ••I' 00 co' CO 1 <; r -^ «, « m T)l ( 0) ' iJ'E « inia « o^ o -e 1010 00 00 in «o t-t- I- U5 10 1 Guaranf Nitrogei Availa Phosph^ Acid— Pc 1 1 coco 1 1 1 1 coco 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 coop 0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 op op to 1 ^_, U5 e^N 10 05 1 1 10 N 1 1 tt Tl< 0000 05 •^•"S" coco coco 10 ■ 1 < K U H W 0) 0 0 ■tta s a Oc5 0 0 ■g's 0 0 c a 0 0 is S. Eh a> JS be cow TJ-O c c — — C C CD (U si C4 00 0) a; fafa 11 fa 1 to 1 u 3 0 6 U 1 2 J3 0 0 0 a; oj §1 0 0! 0 0 0) V 01 0 0 IH 09 a Pi 4) b L, .S.i3 t; .ts.b .*" .^ ^t- U 3 23 SIS 2 2 "-CX 22 2 22 22 2 -i-s ^^ ^ i§ .ii-M ^M •S .SJ3 MS rS e 0 Pi Cfi Lh Ui u, (^ (m u U t4 t- 1~, ^ 0 V (V a g ^ 0^ mw mm m m mm mm m mm mm m 6 oa J 0 is-sii iHCO iHCO ^ ^ CO 00 CO t> (M IMC<5 NN rH cq ^ V, -" w a INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 23 CD tO(N W -H I OON cot- N ■"I'N CO U5 lOlO ZO -"t (M W* 5D«> i-C M «D --I «O00 •-H05 00 1- e^ CO N CO MO CD "-I Nco i-HO CO t-00 ■* CD 00 O o CD c^ NCO T)lT)l CO COCO ■* CO CD lO WOO C-rH CD lO core in CD 00 -< CD O ■* CO uo ON CCOO TtO C^CD CD ■* -* ■* CD CO o CO i~* ^ coco (M IMN tH rH UO ^ Tj< rjf t- t» -^ "^ -^ U5 1-H CO t^ II II I II I I I I 0000 0000 00 0000 ■>* CO CO CO II II I II I I I I t-t- NN 05 O502 cq 0> 00 Tf tC'^ iHr-l N NC^ i-H N lO CO NO ^■^ CO COCO ■* CO CD in ■ ■ o o C3 CD _^ O o • _, c^ Q> ' TS '2'2PhCl,_ caca'St! S CC T3-r;-r; Km 22£wMo o I fc Sg ^^ c 22 o o Q I -C-O J=^ O C3 (3 g S « §■ OO OO O OO o o o o U, Ih l^ 1~, L^ t-, U U l~t l~, u OO OO O OO O O O O in --I rH ^1 z •on iJ a" 3 3 w o oU so S ,« fe ^0-300 Q ^ Q Cv!--! Ca Cq .-I .H •H CO CO 24 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 to ^ a z E^i N ^ D o 'T-S 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tj* o 1 O ■* N »~' 'H O •^o X CO t- t- ■* to tr- in s^m -Hin o> o iMtji J5 o ■q> c- "-; to O in in ■rji in oo o ■* too 00 1 IM o ■* t> t~ 00 OS to ■ ^o tHCT> ■5JI CO in 00 Tf" in ,_j ■* o CO IM 00 in c-q CO.H 00 00 in t> int> m CO Tf ir^ to 00 00 ■* t>t> 05 iMrH t-'oo in t> coco in o o O! t> t>in m inrH ooo in N inN o to la U5 ■* 1 « OiO 00 (N oo o CO tH o CO CO ■* Tlt •*■* into m CO 00 00 00 m IM ^- in ^ t-Oi ■^ CO t- t> IM t^ Q lO c- CO 1 05 in CO ■q'oo in to CO m t-co ■* t- t- z O 1-1 w ^ '-,'- CJ Ofc- '-i s £5 2 S z \a G> c O o o o o IS -^ o c s '^ '^ (Mi-I ^ "^ rSrH '"' CO a H 2 1 ^ en 50 ■* to NOO ■* 00 !N (MCVl ■* • "? CO 1 t; O « m 1 1 00 1 00 00 1 1 1 toco 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 2 >- > O 1 00 00 1 ■* 1 1 o NN 1 1 in 00 to to to Tf 3 .t; ^ j= -3 N N 00 00 00 00 1 to CO CO ^ 1 o 1 1 v ^ 1 1 1 1 to to 1 to 1 to 1 1 00 00 1 00 ■* - d z < 0) K -w m CD Q a, Z 3 •01 W a 0) E H 13 e p fiS 3 C3 Ui 3 H ■3 CI o A o i < O U ■S o D 1 09 IX, Z < 1 a; ^3 t- 'fc. to to rfrji 05 CO to to CO o 1 7 c c5 .2 a 00 00 1 1 CD to 1 1 1 1 00 o •^ 1 i o weq 1 1 in 00 to to to fe (2 o 00 00 1 1 TjlrJI 1 1 1 00 00 1 1 to to CO 1 to ' 1 00 00 1 00 1 a 1 OJ u U o fL, fe 00 1) <:> o a> QJ o a; s s 1 o a Q) s 1 (i> s ^ •* t^ ^ ■M -M 4J -M +-> N 3 < 1 1 rt n! cS •a p3 cU 03 13 C3 M ts ea rt "S % 0 Q 00 00 cs -w -M -M -M -.J) 4J M 1 1 (S w WW w WW WW w w WW W w 4-) t-i ■* •* in c B C c c c c a c c c a c c S3 ■< C b t^ &^ &-< L. t- t. t~. Ui f^ o 0)

    a; oj a> OJ OJ 0) 01 0) 0) a c o o o 2 1 ■4-> +-> C9 C4 CIS ■1^ -S a CIS C3 C3 i tS M S 1 4-> CO 0 Q Q Q W WW W WW WW W W WW w w w I-) H w %%'o i^ ^ to 00 N ■tfO) to eot- ■>1 rt CO oq ■"f o> (M lO tH 00 00 c- 00 5D to o •<1< t- t- 00 t- o " 00 00 w to t^ t> os t^ lO 05 ^ w o O r- 00 00 o 00 o r~ U5 OS lO m CO 00 IM 00 i> u> CO to CO PJ w a> •* (N ■<1' CO « to '"' ^ Tf CO co ■* to IN CO t- ■* lO in cj 00 to 00 M 00 CO N CO N M to (M (M N 00 00 00 00 00 to ■-I (N N to N 00 N in iH CO N to M 00 00 N CO t> •<* 05 C^ N in 00 rt I 00 M to 0 . . . ■ 3 t> 1 00 o o to d d. Ph la 1 1 3 ■a ■ o 1 'St 0 0) c 3 3 0) O 0) 1 N 3 r. 1 3 C in 1 to 3 o o (in a . 00 1 c •n 3 4-1 "3 In 3 1 1 O «3 o 3 a 0, M a •V cs 0) O « o 1» 3 ;3 "a rt E (V D. y s e 2 3 3 a 3 o •3 c P3 T3 C 2 M 3 EH 01 ft o H 0) O d, 0) ■ 0 P S s -* 2 t- « 1 M 1 2 s < =3 S s $ fa w — :3 s a* W w W W W W W to in th to lo iH — I & o IH 01 1 o Ph 1 ?; X — — — rt a CO CI a a; fc o; s N s 3 'd > > > a; 2 Q A iz; Z 2 o h s « P3 O O O d u d u s c rH rt W <3 * ■ 0 in to to ■^ t^ O 3 N Ph § a,.g .-S tH • ,J2 0_,'^ =5 S-5i 3 05 MtO »-( T)l K5 in 05 i-H y-t 0 in ■* OC-*--* 00 10 ^00 '^ ■* CO in 00 CO d t- 00 .-10 CO ||.£ 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 1> N to to ,— ( to to to to 00 00 1-H 4J t-osoo o> (N «o ^0 t> t> t- 00 0 IM toco 0 0 COrHCJ 00 00 10 'a' 00 00 Oi CO 0 ■* 00 tot> in CO o '*■>*'* 00 IM CO coco M5D 10 to 0 too to <>i © o» to QOOOO 00 t- D ■^ '-' ''^' '^ ■* IM ■^ z 10 in-* a ^ (U (U u a •* 9> 0) 0 a X a in 00 H Tji am c ■<1< fl c a a to C B CO c c c to ■* U ij^ r^ t- ■ 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 o X .« o c a a c a s N a fi c a fl 2 ■3 c3 m f 00-* ■* 0 N rfOO 00 0 M e^ 0 OtO-* 00 to CO 1-105 CO .•0 00 \a 00 t> *-H »-H CO 1— 1 in 0 tooo Oi 0 eoc^co 00 '^ e^ N(M iO M to -^ IM to in in '^ CO O 03 M N 10 1 t 1 1 o» ■* IM in 1 00 00 00 00 1 3 .t; ^ ja T3 N la CO coco in (N (M to CO in in in IM Tl< T) 2 0) T3 4J w — 0 u u, t~, H a 0 (U 01 T3T3 3 3 IS 3 a) ao. a 000 HHE-i C9 i a odd d d d 66 d d d 6 d ddd i-s ^ t- <<< < -^ << << < j< -I 00 f— t rH 10 ■^ CO COIMIM T-* rH 1 Z^ ^ 75 a INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 27 IM >-( OJ w O 00 t^ d ■>* t-' CO t- O § 1H £C 03-^3 c M 00 Ol t- o TfOO U5 t- oco ■* 00 ,_f o t> ';o lOO .H oco NCO t- 00 CO t- la •* <£> t-00 \o CO CD co t> 13 00 • N tr- t-» ■* 05-^ coc^ 00 CO 00 co M o rf io ^rt CO COCO Tl"^ TJITJI CO CO CD CO T)' o . ^^ clg N 00 «■* T)l coco a>T)i tCN lO la 00 o t- A ■^ >* t-lO ^ CD 00 coco COC- lO CO l> t-t- ■^ CO 1 t- ia 1 i 1 TjirC 1 i i 1 1 1 1 TJI 1 (O 00 00 CO i 1 00 00 00 00 CD 00 CO w t- o 3 m CO I 1 1 1 00 00 1 1 1 1 1 cs »5 2 c 1 1 «5 loira 00 1 1 CI 05 00 CJS tH t- COtD N coco »-l 1— 1 y-* f— 1 N IM in a tH Tj< lO —^ 05 COCO ■*■* Tj< Til CO 00 CO 03 ■<* d z ■< M H Q Z < o: 73 0) TJI ■d _3 in WCQ o Tf-JI c-c- 00 1 'q o "w 05 1 1 i 1 1 1 Tjl 2 c o lO (U 00 00 1 CD [ 00 00 1 1 00 00 1 1 t-t> 1 I o OJ CO 1 D O CD ■ao CJN 'J ■^■^ inio 00 00 1 3 1 CD 1 00 0) 00 Z < 1 6 U 0) 3 C 1 t> C « u d) 0) o o o i O 0) o o 0) i) o o 0) i a 1 1 a) CD o o CD 1 Tji a) -0 CS OS 0) 01 > 6 1 in o m o o o c; U fcH ^ £ _N ft p OJ 05 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 is OO O c W m o (S In xna ■a T3T3 -a -a B s rt a> o o o O O o O ft ft -C _o T3 < 2 ^ (-. k^ L^ I-. L. L^ o o tc ft Im S 4-1 o ft o PhPl, fc PLiO, fL,|lH U oo a O o 4> WH W HH HH Ci b je 01 ti *»-. -^ O 1 O c "si 0 o 1-) o 4J c fe § 1 ^ 1 s 2 S i § 1^ "o «J w ft - 00 —IN - — ICO rHCO wco CO CO - - - INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 29 t- M in 00 •^O) N m t>' to t> NtO eoo N t- o ■* lO o CO 00 00 00 00 CO o NO .« ■"t Tjl o 50 Ol o o COO o 00 >* 1 in CO to 1 1 1 in 1 a> (N t- Tji ■* • l> os 00 00 00 to CO too in Oi •* ^-* 00 Tjl r-<0 o OlM 00 M COrt t~ t> y-iOl o to o> 00 t- I> 00 «D lO rHO to ast> CO in 00 00 t- 00 tr- to in o t- o o 50 a> ^ -* to to 00 to (N 00 «5 050 00 to to to 05 to 00 00 in o M N CO CO CO CO Tj -^ in 00 N CJN tH CO "^CO to CD to in o C Tf in 00 N N -H N -I CO m to CO C csi2 a, 3 ■-H.-I to 0000 0000 00 00 0000 CO N to r-i cq in N NN rH in r-lrH •C B 00 ^ =a CL, to to I I oo O O S Ph M M H Tj t3 "O "d T3 t3 • "a i^i s s s =! s s "bi) "S) "ti bfl "bi) bo • "bl) c a c a a J^-^ c & &" & (]j QJ CO QJ 23 •OD a W w H w M fs & & ^ ?> 2; 2 iz; ^ E T3T3 oo Q Q 22 si's tc« -. I-. QQ o o oo o o oo o T-4,-H y-l rHN r-l CO N iH N N NN iH n! - CS C •i « ° >>.s s ^ CD to ill a> ""a § a) a o 0. P ffi 01 2 OHH 30 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 a z ' N a>o o M D 1 1 1 1 OJOl 1 1 1 1 1 1 to 1 1 O ^5^ V> to to to to O A a OlO ■* •<* t- t- OOO o>-i •* Oi 5 CO o CO CO 1 1 1 T) ■>* o s t s-g . J 3 S-5 3 -H (O T^ 00 o MOO 00 00 00 rtco t-co t~ ,_f o» r t-o t- 'H_ CO to in lo to 00 lo -^ CON Ol t- o < to to to '-' ■* OS CO 00 00 CO to to 00 00 ■^ 00 00 "rt in ■* CT> ■* OJ-H 00 to t- inc- to t- ■* •* 05 O N 00 •^ rtO C-OJ N NO ■>3 ^cj (M-< m t> to Q OS m o ■* lO Nrt O5 00 lO (MO (MCO 00 co 00 Z § >— < (Mi t i-H iH CO CO ■* -* CO >-l>-< T-ll-H N P^ a) ^ C 2 S z 00 -H N a 01 WIO OOO 00 •*lO 00 00 OS to eq H rtOO to a a 00 00 (M W to 00 05 OM 00 CO u M-u ^ o o o •i-« o s s ci « 2:fo "3 o "> to to 00 M o r_( to 01 to^ 01 OO to 00 0) 00 to CO 1^ 00 «5 lO •v 05 rt c to 00 a ca -H ^05 c o CO • o o o coco CO M M c »— ( *-H fi NN Nrt a M IM < ,, J3 0) — I- TO T)" m ■S £ 3^ O-g (C<0 1 to to to lO Tf-^ t-t- t> t O 0 1 1 to 1 1 1 Tj<-<1< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CS t «o to ■* ■* coco 1 1 eo to to 00 00 T)l 00 00 b <: :3k 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e« t 3 > O 00 00 CO O Ui mm 1 1 mm 00 3.t < taia IN t~ 05 0» coco t-t 05 05 1-H tH rH tH ll ■>!" CO •d i T3 fi 3 <; 01 o tf -a & PQ _3 "3 3 0)^ II fi o a o U 1 _a) o O 0) •a o o o .H.2 01 01 a a 0) 0) 'H'H M Oi fi, § J2 O H O o Oh +J ca J3 o. o J3 dl a) 01 tu 01 > =3 3 p H O 2 z < h O 6 u V 1) to to 1 1 to to 1 1 00 00 1 to o d a O a w c o o o O 0) 01 _a)_0) 'H.'d, 11 (U 01 =3°a 01 V -OT3 OO =13 a> 01 O a> CD "3 0* 1 00 1 _a; C4 01 bo 0) > 2 "3 T)2 0) aj QG 2 "3 0) Q c "0 a c n) O "a 0. is CO d o 01 0) ss s s o o S o O OO J3 J3 U) bo s o o Ph o c =3 a o O T3-a T3 0 •a ^ =3=3 =3^ =3 =3^ =3=3 =3 1 s ^ •o So o ■o O ■o >-s do do d do dd d O, O 0 o |i — E « ' o Sii rtco t-H "-H CO rHCO i-H T)l ■ la M Tf ■* to ■>J< CO ■* o T)l c- to Til to N o Tl' 00 00 t- CO CO 00 99 o ■0" o t> to 00 to to t- lO o in N in in CO ■>}• ^ CO t> 00 00 •* t- t- o •* N (M M CO CO ■* to ^ in in c- IM 05 05 ^ to 03 in 03 03 o ^ 00 to 00 lO 03 00 t- 00 ■* O OJ to 03 IM IM N a 0) 0) 01 to 0) 01 a o ;dn o to OO O in OT ■^ M N05 •«v> MM 1 1 1 1 ■<1■* t-OT 05OT 05-* 0>N N TfOJ 05 t- ,_^ to N ^ 030 «cm Ort in-H .-1 lO m t> 00 ■"foo in N OT 00 < lOin Tjin 00 00 t>00 00 00 OS 05 OT o 00 05 OT in in 4-3 in 00 00 in ooo t-05 t-co 00 00 to 00 to o> Tf ■q" o ■* lO in 00 CO t- to 050 NN in to t- 05 05 to o N o o COIM 00 00 INN ■>j>in in in OTOT OT N N in in in cli t- t> o 00 o t~ •— f bfi J? Q t-7 O N 01 00 N z a a OTN c c t-- c c C c ■* in o o o o o o c o o o a "gl s a 00 00 c c c c s s s a o o H 2 00 to o o to^ tON NO T)<00 a T)<0 o N N 00 o CO 1^ OTC~ OT C • o s -HO N-* ■*N OTO N-H a o c NN in o OT in 00 < '6 0) OO o f 1 to 00 1 -M 2J2 0*f «) !C 00 00 ;0«) in in T)( -^ in OTOT to to in c 1 1 lO U3 1 1 OTOT 1 1 00 00 00 00 1 1 00 00 1 1 OO 1 OT 1 1 OO 1 00 o 1 OT Tf in u 2 rt w 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 i 1 1 1 OT 1 C!l 3 > O «DtO IMN CO 5£> coco COOT 1 1 1 1 to •5(< OT OTOT OT 3.-* < "^ Tf (MC^ Tf Til 05 05 ^Gi OTOT NN •>* to 05 05 • 05 02 (NN 00 00 NN -a" •* Tj>-* OTOT Tf MOO N ^ -a" ■q" bo S cs ts oJ c3 ea ca ca ca a ca 01 cfl m m 03 0) 03 03 o •o mm mm mm mm mm ■CTJ -b T3T3 ■b -a T3 & . 1 2 b oj 0; at a> a) o

    o o o o o o o o o o .CQ .o ^ J3 J3 .a J3 P s 3 mm mm mm ?? mm ^ J3 3 3 J2 3 3 3 3 J3 3 J2 3 < rnm 'mm 'mm MM 'eo^M ffiW X XX K X « O . Oo T3T3 T3T3 ■b-c3 ■b-b ^T3 «3t« =3 =3»3 =3 =« =3 o t^ ^ L^ Lh t^ U. i^ U, iM L. t^ S ea ca o 03 ca (3! ca ta ca ca c3 J3 J2 ca ca 2 2£ QJ 0) h _QX! ^.o J3j0 -ca .ax! be be bo bO bo bo bo bO -g^ a; 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 c o o o o o o o •M 0 WW wa KM WK XX Pitf « aai 03 Pi Pi ir> E" tf e 3 Tf^H a>N t-co OON ^00 Ni-I tON OT OT OT ^ ^ ^' INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 33 in 00 N CO IM 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in CO 1 1 1 •* 1 CO U5 to rH CO ■* o r- Nooia-<)" «> o>n to COO to •^ ■* CO t- N^MN c-c^i to t-^ to o CO c- Oi Tj"-^-* -^ (M t- t- [- lOtOlO Tf t> lO ■* IM CD t^ CO r-llOt- CXJiCi (N a> CD CO in CO IM m •* o ^owooo eoc-o t--*oo •-I IN N iO 00 00 00 00 ■^ 00 00 00 to;o =n 0 .-iT-IOOl-l t- coojoo Nt- tr- 05 00 CO t- LO ■* IM CD in ^ -rf T)i«D tOlO c toto 00 lO Tl< CO CO CO 0 CD IM CO CO tct> 00 t> • to to CO rH in o c a> to ■-1 "-1 (N NCJNN CO CO CO U3 10 tr- M Oi OJ 00 in IM IM CO o t-t-t> CO to to 1 t- t> CD ■* ■* 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 00 00 00 CO CO CD T-( co II II 00 00 00 (M CD Oi 00 OS m CO CO CO CO "-I rH.-liH lo u:) lo w tr- '-' ca (N 00 tC eo CO CO CO CO •<* •^TjlT)< CD coco 00 io ■^ CO CO CO CD IM CO CO CS u a a 3 2? T3 0) c a) 0) U U, Ih O 0 oj a> 0^ 0, OJ o OJ C ."75 tiliz tiliz tiliz tiliz -M Lh ^ o o Ct! ^ =y M C OJ C o 1 «3 8-4 Fe 8-4 Fe 8-4 Fe 8-4 Fe 1 OJ 0; OJ t-t-t- 1 1 1 00 00 00 CO CD CD 1 1 1 CD CD CO 1 CD 1 CO a o c o H 3 00 t-, ■3 Q 0 c u u C d Cj 0 H 0 a 0 0 1 0 0 H TT'o-a'a U3 T) T3T!T3 00 00 00 T3 T3 3 0 CJ W Q 0 2 '3 u 3 V CO 0 0 1 0 a c c c c C C C C c c c c .^ 4-1 m r« rt '~i ^~* 2 ^ cd Ctf C4 nncQcq C3 pq ctl cU CS ^ u u 2 m m IM c o O 0) 3 C7 a o H 3 E 9< CO 0) 01 0) •o ■OTS-O'd T! •OT3T3 Ts-v-a •o >. - 0 £ M 3 3 3 a c c c c C c c c c c c 0 0 M m r/i r/j W a -M 0 "0 o o o o ooo o o M >> o & §• 0 S 0 'y ^ '? "^ fe Pn PklXP-CL, (^ P-ldnCL, PmChO^ Ph (i. Oi Di « (ii r/3 0 OT w w 00 b 0 a: s - •HiHooyj N 1-ItH Tl" rHCDiM rH - (M - rH ca - - - - C<1 34 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 lO us OO t-OlOO CX! •* N (M 00 00 00 CO 0000 000000 to 00 00 C^ = 21 5 B nnoooocothoo^ N CO C5 coco Ti<-a"co CO N to OO Oi ';o o> as u> OrH «>ooco o> N 00 1- t- t-to 00 o> tH M .H in CO u; i-H «o to o rH N N a rH tOtO NNCO ■<)> --I N w cocoeo M i-i !3 2 ^i S ™ H > o <£> 00 00 00 00 t-c- 1- I I I 00 00 w M W rH rH o o c a CD CIS 3 3 OO J=J2 j3 xja rt^ mm '^ *r 'T -fefefeHiJ&HffiE-i-- «c r' — J3 00 00 00 CO in 00 I I I 1 I I CO -^ Tj< lo in in 01 CC tc tc c CC tiC bo bD bfl LOW C4 o! T3T3 C C C3 ca 0) a> oj c c a o o o mcQca c MWM t^ L^ Ih c B a O fc O O Pi W W M t3 t3 t) MMMMWWMW « WM MMM W M 00 3 S O C3J£ INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 35 I I I I I I I I I ooiooi O (D Oi-H io lo .-( U5 ;0^ t a> lO tr- in «D >o MM-* to M 00 00 IM WIMIM 00 ^ in lo n 00 O "OOOOwcOOOOt-iO O^OOOTOJrtOOtOO o o o^ o c^ o a; o^ o r-( -l^.-l N lO CO O^'-l la 00 to (M -H ^ CO *-tt-tOT-ia>oitDto^H CO-*CO-^COCONlOTt< NNNNNCOINNIM loicioioioicioicin --(t-Hrt 00 to 0000 •? (U 0) 0) Vjmvi w www W &t3t) u 73 7313 ■n a T)T3T3 ■a C C C a 01 WWW w to > s ^ P e .S « « ? fa (M :S ooooooooo cococococococococo lOlOlOlOlOlOlOtOm coooooooo ooooooooo X J= J3 J= J3 ^ J3 x: J3 0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0. ooooooooo o o aa o o rq > -S Q a 2;2;2;^;^;2:z;;z;;z; i^ ^g 36 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 a z (M 05 CO D O 1 1 lO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tjt O c n lO «)' u X M.2 •* t-«o » CO N ^ N t- CO M a m o ooo 1 1 Tji •<* o 05 lO «o CO o < •< !3 H 3 Tli CO ■* lO (m' «)' o -i" tC ■^ >o o § fflS CO OiO 00 lO •* o> IM ■* N 00 CO ,_4 00 00 l-HO o> CT> c» (M ■<1< t- N Oi CO CO n oo 00 00 oj 1—1 OS t> 00 IM 00 oJ to "5 lO t>co ■* 00 IM to in CO IM o o lO 05 o IC la r-t lO o t- o 00 o CO iffl'lO ■* '^ ■* ■* in ■rf CO N N '-' \a cli 005 (M IM •* 05 t- IM CO IM to o Q 1 CSIO o »-H 00 00 ^ ■* o ■* O to CO o *^ Ef o V 0) a 01 0) oo c:5 05 N !£> M t~ lO to t> CO lO r-i ■* -"Jl N '^ CO CO ■<* IM N rH '^ ■>* < 1 , -^ «o o ■<1' «D ■* ■* N t- 1 ■^ lO CO ^ Tt lO 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 IM 1 00 1 to *- O rt w 1 CO IM -* 1 1 1 1 m 1 M ti > o lO oo 1 a> t- T)< 05 t> 1 lO IN CO t> t- ^ ;z Q •2 z o < Oi fH m 3 c 0> Z 0) CC Z < 3 s OS c a jj d Oh "S S 3 1 ^ 0 D H I-) c 0) U OJ 0) O " 01 t^ "3 u S 0) u _C "o o O o C3 O o o +-> o o .2 tH 2 a z b O < 2; 6 U 3 s o d ll 0 o « C 0 c o i o XI H a o is 01 o. M "c > c ca E OJ c > "c d o U h O 01 c 0) tii O c a! -a o o 6h a S c 0) a ho +J 3 c 2 m c 0) 1 T3 c g P3 •a c W 0) 3 .2 4J > > "•3) > > > > > 9 > > ji Vi a. CO (MOO - IM CO CO - IM - - - rH IM INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 37 .-I ;o >0 (M too 00 (N t-OJ ■^O CO ;0 t- !D Q0(J3 TO 0> 05 O 00 050)00 00 00 i-H TO t- i-H (M-^'^ tr-i-H 00 rn IM TOTO ■^ 05 CD Nooo i-H in OOI>C~ TfCO CD N 0> OS C C C C fl o o o o o c c c c c CO TO in N OCD ^ CDCO TOC<1TO U3 05 TON Ts eq ca .-I rt rH CD CD CD CD 00 00 o>a> CD CD CD 1 1 1 1 00 00 00 00 00 1 1 1 1 1 CD CD e « oQ bi .2 1^ <1< O (U _ c •d a 0) e >, < c c c. a; J3 1:1 ^ 5 bO II £9 C3 (U Materials. o ^2 Si; PhJ2 aJW . "3 a m o 0.2 0^ lh at 3 3 fe"o > M o o > 0. « . Ml, > Z 2; < < < <: < < 0 Nitrate of soda 71 19 16.14 $54.64 $48.42 16.9 (nitrogenl Nitrate of potash y 7 13.24 ~ - 44.48 69.48 79.75 11.1 (nitrogen) 4.5 (potash) Nitrate of lime 5 3 15.31 - - - 49.67 42.87 16.2 (nitrogen) Calurea .... 4 2 34.16 - — - 96.66 95.65 14. 1 (nitrogen) Ammonium sulfate 52 17 20.68 - - - 54.02 46.53 13.1 (nitrogen) Cal-Nitro 1 1 16.28 - - - 45.00 36.63 13.8 (nitrogen) Synthetic urea 3 2 46.52 - — - 165.00 130.26 17.7 (nitrogen) Calcium cyanamid 4 3 22.80 - - - 54.00 46.28 11.8 (nitrogen) Ammo-Phos (11-46) . 2 2 11.02 48.66 47.36 80.00 72.68 12.4 (nitrogen) 5. 5 (available phosphoric acid) Ammo-Phos B 1 1 16.58 21.43 21.15 - - 58.57 - Cottonseed meal . 108 108 6.62 2.61 - 1.94a 34.88 35.75 26.3 (nitrogen) Linseed meal. 2 2 5.94 2.10 - 1.64a 38.25 32.08 32.2 (nitrogen) Castor pomace 11 11 5.19 1.85 - .92a 29.36 28.03 28.3 (nitrogen) Mowrah meal 1 2.93 1.02 - 2.57a 45.00 15.82 -6 Blood tankage 8 12.44 1 12 - - 56.60 62.08 22.3 (nitrogen) Hoof and horn meal 1 15.05 - - - 76.00 73.75 25.2 (nitrogen) Milorganite . . 2 5.23 2.59 - - 40.00 26.39 35 7 (nitrogen) Organic conditioner 1 6.04 1.28 - — 40.00 28.76 32.0 (nitrogen) Superphosphate . 101 21 - 18.07 16.71 - 16.44 17.25 4.9 (available phosphoric acid Precipitated bone. 8 6 - 44.02 43.68 - 51.40 43.82 5.9 (available phosphoric acid) Basic slag phosphate . 4 2 - 17.22 15.61 - 20.80 16.25 6.7 (available) phosphoric acid) Colloidal phosphate . 1 1 - 20.41 .64 - 40.00 8.55 - c Phosphate rock ground 1 1 - 34.18 - - - - - Muriate of potash 53 20 — - - 57.34 50.66 50.46 4.4 (potash) High grade sulfate of potash 18 11 - - - 49.37d 57.40 58.26 5.8 (potash) Sulfate of potash-mag- nesia (e) . 2 2 - - - 26.45 36.57 31.21 6.9 (potash) Dry ground fish (/) 34 24 9.02 7.24 - - 76.00 76.51 37.7 (nitrogen) Animal tankage (g) 30 10 10.12 8.42 - - 49.00 54.85 20.0 (nitrogen) Ground bone (h) . 92 28 2.63 26.44 - - 53.95 40.77 - Cotton hull ashes (i) . 6 6 - 1.57 - 22.21 51.62 45.68 11.3 (potash) Wood ashes {j) 6 5 — 1.78 - 5.02 35.89 15.55 30.0 (potash) Ground tobacco stems 6 2 1.42 .73 - 5.01a 25.92 10.99 - Sheep manure {k) . 33 6 1.62 .96 — 3.87a 50.61 10.12 - Sheep and goat manure (fc) . . . . 12 2 1.38 1.22 - 3.48o 40.40 9.12 - Goat manure (k) . 7 2 1.15 .95 - 3.51a 42.55 8.04 - Cattle manure (k) 13 4 2.01 1.20 - 2.01a 53.24 10.33 - Poultry manure (fc) 9 2 5.00 2.57 - 1.14a 53.16 22.22 - Peat and Poultry man- ure (fel . . . 9 2 2.89 3.19 — 1.51a 60.60 15.06 - Sheep manure and wool waste (k) . 3 3 2.30 .73 - 5.57a 21.04 13.86 " oTotal potash. 6The product is valued more as a worm eradicator on putting greens than as a source of plant food. c9.8 cents per pound of total phosphoric acid. dAverage chlorine, 2.39%. eMagnesium oxide soluble in water, 7.60%; chlorine, 2.06%; material insoluble in water, largely lime and magnesia compounds, 22.48% /Average chlorine, .67%. j/Average tankage finer than 1/50 inch diameter, 52.31%; coarser than 1/50 inch, 47.69%. /(Average bone finer than 1/50 inch diameter, 75.56%; coarser than 1/50 inch, 24.44%. iChlorine, 1.58%; sand, 14.89%. ^Average calcium oxide; 35.26% insoluble matter, 15.92%. fcAverage organic matter: sheep manure, 51.26%; sheep and goat manure, 38.68%; goat manure, 32.69%; cattle manure, 67.89%; poultry manure, 68.00%; peat and poultry manure, 68.43%; sheep manure and wool waste, 42.95%. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 39 Nitrogen Compounds. Under this heading will be found the fertilizer chemicals and unmixed materials valued chiefly for their nitrogen. Brands showing a commercial shortage of one dollar or more per ton are listed in a separate group following the appropriate table and deficiencies are emphasized by boldface type. Nitrate of Soda and Sulfate of Ammonia. Nitrate of Soda. Sulfate of Ammonia. Manufactuker. NITROGEN. NITROGEN. Number of Number of Samples. Guaran- Samples. Guaran- Found. teed. Found. teed. \\ 15.50 15.22 3 20.82 20.56 American Agricultural Chemical Co. 16.06 15.22 2 20.64 20.56 ( 9a 16.40 16.00 — — — j la 16.08 16.00 - - — Anglo-Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp. . \ 26 15.94 15.25 - - - I 16 15.80 15.25 - - - Armour Fertilizer Works . 4 15.42 14.81 - - - Associated Chemical Co. . 2 16.40 15.00 1 20.76 20.56 Barrett Co 15 16.40 16.00 5 20.90 20.56 Berkshire Chemical Co. . 3 15.92 15.00 - - - Consolidated Rendering Co. . - - - M 20 82 20.50 20.34 20.50 Eastern States Farmer's Exchange . - - - 1 20.18 20.50 {U 16.44 16.25 16 20.62 20.50 } 1 16.16 16.00 - - — Essex Fertilizer Co 1 3 16.26 16.00 - - - I 1 16.30 16.00 - - - Ford Motor Co - - 1 20 98 20.80 International Agricultural Corp. 3 16.36 16.00 4 20.54 20.50 Koppers Products Co. - - - 6 20.96 20.75 Merrimac Chemical Co., Inc. . 1 16.28 16.25 1 20.10 20.00 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. 1 15.60 15.50 2 20.82 20.50 Sears, Roebuck & Co. - — - 1 20.94 20.75 Standard Wholesale Phosphate & I! 15.60 15 00 1 20.56 20.56 Acid Works, Inc 16.22 15.00 - - - Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp. . - - 11 20.50 20.50 ~ ~ "" 20.56 20.50 a Champion Brand. 5 Standard Brand. Nitrate of Potash. Potassium Nitrogen. Oxide. Number Manufacturer. of Samples. Chlor- ine Guaran- Guaran- Found. teed. Found. teed. Apothecaries Hall Co. 1 13.40 13.00 45.28 44.00 .19 ',3 13.26 13.21 44.64 44.00 1.45 Easterns States Farmers' Exchange . 13.46 13.00 44.60 44.00 .10 1 13.40 13.21 45.04 45.00 1.36 '1 13.19 13.16 45.64 44.00 .86 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. 13.34 13.16 43.92 44.00 .80 1 13.36 13.16 44.20 44.00 .93 Olds & Whipple, Inc 12.48 12.00 43.96 44.00 1.42 International Agricultural Corp. 2 13.58 13.16 44.64 44.00 .55 40 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Calcium Nitrate, Cal-Nitro, Calurea, Urea and Calcium Cyanamld. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Manufacturer. Brand. Found. Guaran- teed. American Cyanamid Co. . Berkshire Chemical Co. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . Electric Sprayit Co Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp. . ( Aero Brand Cyanamid ■< Aero Brand Cyanamid ( Aero Brand Cyanamid Calurea .... f Calurea 1 Urea .... Sprayit Plantilizer (o) . , Calcium Nitrate . j Calcium Nitrate . < Cal-Nitro 1 Floranid-Urea Floranid-Urea 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 22.86 22.68 22.60 34.44 34.00 46.44 42.40 15.16 15.62 16.28 46.52 46.52 22.00 21.00 21.00 34.00 34.00 46.00 42.00 15.00 15.00 16.00 46.00 46.00 a Urea compressed into cartridge form and sold with hose attachment to facilitate application to lawns, etc. Cottonseed Meal and Castor Pomace. Cottonseed Meal. Castor Pomace. NITROGEN. NITROGEN. Manufacturer. Number of Number of Analyses. Guaran- Analyses Guaran- Found. teed. Found. teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. 1 4.92 4.53 Apothecaries Hall Co. - - - 1 4.70 4.52 29 6 67 6.58 — - - Ashcraft- Wilkinson Co. \ 1 6.93 6.88 - - - / 1 5.88 5.76 - - - Baker Castor Oil Co _ — _ 2 5.12 4.50 Berkshire Chemical Co. _ - _ 3 4.63 4.31 F. W. Brode Corp 3 6.69 6.56 - - — Consolidated Rendering Co. - - _ 1 4.66 4.52 R. L. Heflin, Inc 1 6 51 6.58 - - - \ 3 7.11 6.88 - - — Humphreys-Godwin Co. ] 2 5.64 5.75 - - - 1 52 6.68 6.58 - - - International Agricultural Corp. 3 6.62 6.58 1 5.19 4.53 L. B. Lovitt & Co It 6.78 7.09 6 56 6.88 : ~ ~ Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. _ _ 1 5.66 4.52 Olds & Whipple, Inc - - - 1 5.33 4.52 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More Per Ton. Ashcraft- Wilkinson Co. Humphreys-Godwin Co. , la I la < la I la ^ 1^ 6.19 6.58 6.32 6.58 — - 6.29 6.58 - — 6.25 6.58 - — 6.19 6.58 - - 6.12 6.58 - - a Commercial shortages per ton were as follows: $1.86, $1.21, $1.35, $1.53, $1.86. 6 Commerical shortage per ton, $2.23. INSPECTION OF C0MM;ERCIAL FERTILIZERS Old Process Linseed Meal and Mowrah Meal. 41 Brand. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. Kelloggs & Miller, Inc. . Arthur B. Porter, Inc. . Old Process Linseed Meal Old Process Linseed Meal Mowrah Meal 1 1 1 6.38 5.50 2.93 5.92 5.44 2.50 Dried Blood, Hoof Meal, Milorganite and Organic Conditioner. Phosphoric Nitrogen. Acid. Manufacturer. Brand. Number of Samples. Guaran- Guaran- Found. teed. Found. teed. Consolidated Rendering Co Blood Tankage 1 10.26 9.87 6.84 - Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . Horn and Hoof Meal 1 15.05 13.00 - - Middlesex County Farm Bureau Organic Conditioner 1 6.04 5.76 1.28 1.00 New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co. Dried Blood . 1 12.84 11.93 .38 — New England Rendering Co Dried Blood . 4 12.02 11.51 1.28 - John Reardon & Sons Co. Dried Blood . 2 13.56 12.34 .56 - Sewerage Commission, Milwaukee . Milorganite 2 5.23 5.00 2.59 2.75 Commercial Peat Products. Manufacturer or Organic Mineral Nitrogen. Brand. Importer. Water. Matter. Matter. Found. Guaran- teed. Atkins & Durbrow, Inc. Granulated Peat Moss 12.13 86.50 1.37 .77 .24 C. E. Buell, Inc. . Buell-Boston Ground Peat .... 16.43 81.75 1.82 .79 .75 Curley Bros. . Crystal Peat Moss . 15.13 82.70 2.17 1.06 .50 Hyper-Humus Co. Hyper-Humus 68.74 25.90 5.36 1.55 .50 J. H. McCusker & Sons McCusker Humus Peat 72.79 21.90 5.31 .43 .40 Louis E. Page Page Brand Peat Moss 13.75 84.53 1.72 .76 .40 Victory Fertilizer Corp. Victory Humus . 51.20 20.94 27.86 .63 .50 42 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Phosphoric Acid Compounds. The following table gives the analyses of those fertilizer simples valued chiefly for their phosphoric acid. Superphosphate, Precipitated Bone, Basic Slag Phosphate and Ground Phosphate Rock. Available Num- Total Phosphoric Manufacturer. Brand. ber of Phos- Acid. Sam- ples. phoric Acid. Guaran- Found. teed. American Agricultural f AA 16% Superphosphate . \ C^o-Op 16% Superphosphate 10 17,86 16.48 16.00 Chemical Co. . 4 17.60 16.58 16.00 Apothecaries Hall Co.. j Superphosphate . 1 Precipitated Bone 3 1 17.30 40.42 16.28 40.11 16.00 36.00 Armour Fertilizer Works . Armour 16% Superphosphate 7 17.04 16.20 16.00 Berkshire Chemical Co. 1 Berkshire Superphosphate. 1 Precipitated Bone Phosphate 5 3 16.79 40.82 16.61 40.48 16.00 38.00 Consolidated Rendering Co. 16% Superphosphate . 9 18.24 16.94 16.00 John C. Dow Co., Inc. . Dow's Precipitated Bone . 1 40.76 40.33 36.00 Eastern States Farmers' f E. S. 16% Superphosphate \ E. S. Precipitated Bone . 8 17.45 16.48 16.00 Exchange .... 1 43.12 42.37 38.00 Essex Fertilizer Co. 16% Superphosphate 16 18.28 16.77 16 00 /I. A. C. 16% Superphosphate 8 17.09 16.64 16.00 International Agricultural ) I. A. C. 16% Superphosphate 2 16.84 16.30 16.00 Corp \ I. A. C. Basic Slag Ph.isphate 3 17.14 15.24 14.40 U- A. C. Basic Slag Phosphate 1 17.35 16.28 14.40 Mardal Corp. Colloidal Phosphate 1 20.41 .64 none Miller Fertilizer Co. . 16% Superphosphate . 1 16.84 16.16 16.00 Mitchell Fertilizer Co. Mitchell's 16% Superphos- phai^e .... 1 16.91 16.49 16.00 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., ( Superphosphate . 1 19.01 16.71 16.00 Inc. •< Precipitated Bone 1 39.62 37.68 38.00 ( Precipitated Bone 1 46.13 45.90 38.00 Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Harvest Brand 16% Super Co., Inc phosphate. 4 16.20 16.01 16.00 Rogers & Hubbard Co. f Superphosphate . \ Superphosphate . 6 2 17.99 17.60 17.65 17.28 16.00 16.00 Ruhm Phosphate & Chemical Ruhm's Lime Phosphate Co (Phosphate Rock Washed and Ground) . 1 34.18 - - Standard Wholesale Phos- f 16% Superphosphate \ 16% Superphosphate . 2 17.35 16.84 16.00 phate & Acid Works, Inc. 5 17.22 16.58 16.00 Virginia-Carolina Chemical f V-C 16% Superphosphate. I V-C 20% Superphosphate. 1 16.07 15.56 16.00 Corp. .... 2 21 68 20 58 20.00 C. P. Washburn Co. . Superphosphate . 4 17.60 16.20 16.00 Potash Compounds. The tables under this heading give the composition of those products valued chiefly for their potash. Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia. Num- ber of Samples Potash. Magne- sium Oxide. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Chlorine. Apothecaries Hall Co N. V. Potash Export My., Inc 1 1 25.36 29.18 26.00 25.00 10.28 .70 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 43 Muriate and High Grade Sulfate of Potash. Muriate of Potash. High G RADE Sulfate of Potash. Manufacturer. POTASH. POTASH. 1 Num- Num- ber of ber of Chlorine. Sam- Guaran- Sam- Guaran- ples. Found. teed. ples. Found. teed. American Agricultural Chem- {f 51.48 50.00 4 49.12 48.00 2.40 ical Co 52.08 50.00 Apothecaries Hall Co. . 1 50.88 50.00 2 48.92 48.00 4.00 Armour Fertilizer Works 1 49.20 48.00 - - - - Associated Chemical Co. 1 49.76 48.00 - - - - Berkshire Chemical Co. . - - - 2 49.24 48 00 2.55 Consolidated Rendering Co. . 3 52.08 50.00 - - - - Eastern States Farmers' Ex- change 1 50,56 48.00 - - - - 1 15 59.40 59 . 00 2 50 . 40 50.00 2.25 Essex Fertilizer Co. . \ 1 58.24 59 00 1 50.24 50.00 2.25 i 1 58 . 04 59.00 - - - - International Acricultural Corp. 6 51.88 48.00 1 50.24 48.00 3.10 MiddlesexCcuntyFarmBureau 1 51.32 50,00 - - - - N. V. Potash Export My., Inc. 1? 49.68 48.00 2 50.24 48 00 2.60 48.76 48.00 1 49.96 48.00 2.35 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co. Inc. 1 50.48 50.00 - - - - Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of .$1 or More Per Ton. Eastern States Farmers' Ex- change Essex Fertilizer Co. Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc. - - flc lid 56.00 57.28 1 le 45.80 \^f 42.88 n? 46.36 _ la 46.04 _ lb 47.04 59.00 - _ 59.00 - - 48.00 _ _ 48.00 _ _ 48.00 - - 48.00 48.00 2.94 5.20 The commercial shortages per ton, which in all cases have been adjusted, are as follows: a $2.61 6 $1.07 c $2.54 d $1.28 e $2.30 / $5.34 g $1 87 Cotton Hull Ashes. > Manufacturer. Number of Samples. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Chlorine. Found. Guaran teed. Found. Guaran teed. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange . Olds & Whipple, Inc. 1 11 2.59 3.19 1.68 1.44 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 34.00 24.59 22.40 26.36 25.00 20.00 20 00 20.00 1.95 1.70 1.50 1.75 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More Per Ton. Berkshire Chemical Co. . International Agricultural Corp. la 16 .38 2 74 1.00 2.50 9.89 30.72 25.00 39.00 1 45 (a) The ashes were bought by the Berkshire Chemical Co. on a potash guarantee of 27% and sold on a guarantee of 25% potash. A proper adjustment was made with the consumer for the deficiency, $34.15 per ton, and later the Berkshire Chemical Co. registered the material under a potash guarantee of 9.8%. (6) Commercial deficiency, $16.41, 44 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Products Supplying Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid. Dry Ground Fish. Nitrogen. | Phosphoric Number Acid. Manufacturer. of Samples. Chlorine. Guaran- Guaran- Found. teed. Found. teed. American Agricultural Chemical Co. {? 8.18 8.23 8.98 6.00 .40 8.11 8.23 9.34 6.00 .49 Apothecaries Hall Co. 1 9.19 8.20 8.24 5.00 .25 Armour Fertilizer Works 1 8.79 8.22 6.26 4.00 .35 8.04 8.22 6.56 6.00 .18 8.79 8.22 6.07 6.00 .53 8.04 8.22 6.43 6.00 .38 Berkshire Chemical Co. . \ 8.00 8.22 7.14 6.00 .12 8.39 8.22 5.97 6.00 .45 9.26 9.04 6.38 6.00 .49 9.20 9.04 6.02 6.00 .59 Consolidated Rendering Co. . 1 10 01 8.22 8.34 6.40 .31 Eastern States Farmers' Exchange. 1 10.33 9.00 5.49 6.00 3.03 International Agricultural Corp. . 1 9.59 8.20 6.51 3.70 3.69 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc. . 1^ 9.14 10.72 9.04 9.04 8.88 9.36 5.00 5.00 .50 .40 Olds & Whipple, Inc. 2 9.68 9.05 7.14 5.00 .29 Rogers & Hubbard Co. . 5 9.62 9.46 8.16 6.00 .43 C. P. Washburn Co. ... 1 9.54 9.60 5.23 5.00 .46 Wilcox Fertilizer Co. 3 8.88 8.23 5.20 6.00 .43 Brands Showing a Commercial Shortage of $1 or More Per Ton. (la 7.99 8.22 6.22 6.00 .35 Berkshire Chemical Co. . \la 7.94 8.22 5.87 6.00 .40 la 7.73 8.22 .'>.36 6.00 .48 Consolidated Rendering Co. . 16 6.67 8.22 6.00 6.40 4.76 a The commercial shortages noted were $1.51, $2.27 and $4.42. 6 Commercial shortage, $12.29. The following explanation regarding the product is supplied by the Sales Office of the Consolidated Rendering Co.: "An order calling, among other fertilizers, for two tons of dry ground fish was received in April. As fish was not stocked at the Lowell plant, it was necessary, if the order was completed, to buy this material on the open market. The fish was purchased from the Geo. E. Marsh Co. at Peabody, Mass., and was contained and delivered in second-hand bags. It was supposed to be ordinary grade of fish (,8.22% nitrogen and 6% phos- phoric acid.)" A proper adjustment was made with the consumer for the deficiency. Animal Tankage. 1 Total Phos- Degree of Nitrogen. | PHORic Acid. I Fineness. Number of Manufacturer. Samples. Finer Coarser Guaran Guaran- than than Found. teed. Found. teed. 1/50 Inch. 1/50 Inch. American Agricultural Chem- ical Co 1 7.47 7.41 11.35 9.15 61.62 38.38 Apothecaries Hall Co. . 1 8.07 7.40 7.17 3.00 64.07 35.93 Consolidated Rendering Co. 5 7.72 7.41 10.41 9.15 39.01 60.99 John C. Dow Co . 1 5.61 5.00 17.20 14.00 54.17 45.83 Essex Fertilizer Co. {'$ 10.60 10.42 10.69 10.69 7.48 8.04 6.87 6.87 42.10 42.70 57.90 57.30 International Agricultural Corp 2 7.90 7.25 12.37 9.15 78.79 21.21 N. Roy & Son 1 10.22 7.00 11.43 8.50 66,66 33.34 Woodard Bros. 1 4.12 4.50 21.97 18.00 32.49 67.51 Brand Showing A COMMER DIAL ShO RTAGE OF $1 OR Moke Pei « Ton. EBsex Fertilizer Co. la 10.32 10.69 7.02 6.87 41.49 58.51 aCommercial deficiency per ton, $1.51. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Ground Bone. 45 1 Total Phos- Degree op Nitrogen. I PHORIC ACID. Fineness. Number Manufacturer. of Samples. Finer Coarser Guaran- Guaran- than than Found. teed. Found. teed. 1/50 Inch. 1/50 Inch. American Agricultural Chem- ical Co 11 2.54 2.47 26.79 22.88 68.48 31.54 Apothecaries Hall Co. . {? 3 06 4.61 2.46 3.29 25.44 20.54 22.00 20.00 78.24 65.35 21.76 34.65 Armour Fertilizer Works 1 2.63 2.47 27.22 22.00 77.73 22.27 Associated Chemical Co. 3 2.42 2.47 27.14 23.00 75.67 24.33 Berkshire Chemical Co. 1 2.12 2.47 28.00 20.00 70.78 29.22 Bradley & Baker . 4 2.36 2.46 26.79 22.88 74.50 25.50 Joseph B reck & Sons Corp. . 6 2.60 2.50 26.18 22.50 70.68 29.32 Consolidated Rendering Co. rt 2.42 2.27 2.05 2 05 27.67 27 43 22.90 22.90 76.21 69 . IS 23.79 30.87 John C. Dow Co., Inc.. 7 2.01 2.00 27.66 24 . 00 78.36 21.64 Eastern States Farmers' Ex- change 3 2.86 2.50 25.74 23.00 72.34 27.66 Thomas W. Emerson Co. . 4 2.99 2.75 24.95 24.93 76.72 23.28 J. J. H. Gregory & Son 1 3.08 2.91 24.11 25.76 81.55 18.45 International Agricultural Corn 2 2.71 2.50 26.79 22.00 77.23 22.77 Geo. E. Marsh Co. 3 2.25 1.65 26.54 22.89 73.42 26.58 New England Rendering Co. 10 2.19 2.08 25.92 25.17 76.52 23.48 Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc 1 2.39 2.52 27.14 22.00 72.41 27.59 Olds & Whipple, Inc. . 1 2.52 2.50 25.21 22.00 79.20 20.80 Carroll S. Page Co., Inc. . 2 4.20 3.70 22.25 22.00 15.43 84.57 Arthur B. Porter, Inc. . 1 3.06 1.65 23 . 98 22.00 76.80 23.20 John Reardon & Sons Co. . 1 2.93 2.08 25 00 22.88 70.43 29.57 'i 3 3.77 3.69 26.69 24.70 97.75 2.25 Rogers & Hubbard Co. i 3 3.88 3.29 22.14 20.50 62.39 37.61 • • 2 2.96 2.46 26.02 22.88 63.42 36.58 N. Roy & Son 1 2.66 2.50 26.92 24.00 71.87 28.13 F. Rynveld & Sons 1 2.46 1.85 24.49 22 88 79.77 20.23 C. P. Washburn Co. . 2 2.74 2.50 24.24 23.00 79.10 20.90 Ammo-Phos. Number of Samples. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran- teed. Total. available. Found. Guaran- teed. American Cyanamid Co.. 11 11 12 11.02 16.58 11.00 11.00 16.50 48.14 48.68 21.43 46,30 47.40 21.15 46.00 46.00 20.00 Miscellaneous. Wood Ashes. Phosphoric Potassium Acid. Oxide. Manufacturer. Moisture Calcium Oxide. Insoluble Matter. Guaran- Guaran- Found. teed. Found. teed. R. & J. Farquhar Co. (a) 8.20 1.73 1.75 5.71 4.00 33.10 10.40 /8.80 2.17 1.75 6.40 5.00 28.24 14.28 )3.40 1.15 1.00 3.86 3.00 37.75 12.75 John Joynt .... 15.50 1.94 1.00 3.78 3 00 38.11 28.33 U.20 1.82 1.00 5.82 3.00 26.26 9.65 o Two samples. 46 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Ground Tobacco Stems. Num- ber of Sam- ples. Mois- ture. Nitrogen. Phosphoric Acid. Potash. Chlor- ine. Manufacturer. Found. Guaran teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Found. Guaran- teed. Tobacco By-Pro- ducts & Chemical Corp. Uniform Products Co., Inc. . 4 2 3.40 12.90 1.34 1.84 1.16 2.07 .77 .52 .50 .50 5.04 4.85 4.00 4.00 2.29 1.82 Pulverized Animal Manures. Total Total Total Nitrogen. Phosphoric. Potash. Acid. Manufacturer and "o ^ 6 Brand. t. 0) 3 ■S 5- ■6 s • •B c • •6 c ■ cs ij ^CQ c £ a "V, a g-B a CUTS bCcS 'S 3 o a 3 o S 0) 3*^ a g tL( 3 ■" o o§ § American Agricultural Chemical Co. Sheep & Goat Manure 10 1.28 1.23 1.12 .50 2.68 2.00 31.53 16.65 Armour Fertilizer Works Sheep & Goat Manure 2 1.45 1.23 1.28 1.00 3.97 2.00 43.03 10.40 Joseph Brack & Sons Corp. Ram's Head Sheep M anure 7 1.21 1.46 1.02 .75 3.49 3.00 36.50 9.65 C. E. Buell, Inc. Two-in-One Peat Poultry Manure 8 2.93 2.75 3.19 3.50 1.53 1.50 69.20 13.08 George G. Collinge & Son, Inc. Peat, Liquid Cow Manure and Poultry Manure . .80 3.03 - .45 - 24.98 40.10 Collins Seed Service Co. Natural Sheep Manure and Wool Waste . 1.59 2.06 1.05 1.50 4.73 3.25 38.63 6.10 Consolidated Rendering Co. Corenco Sheep Manure . 11 1.24 1.23 .64 .50 4.38 2.00 36.65 16.30 Davey Tree Expert Co. Shredded Cattle Manure 1.93 1.00 1.28 1.00 2.02 2.00 69.60 8.45 Eastern States Poultry Manure Corp. Poultry Manure (1930 stock) .... 2.18 2.50 2.83 2.00 1.00 1.00 44.00 6.68 Thomas W. Emerson Co. Venezuelan Goat Manure 1.00 1.23 .64 .50 3.08 2.00 30.60 21.45 International Agricul- tural Corp. Caribee Goat Manure 6 1.31 1.02 1.28 .50 3.97 2.50 34.93 16.10 Natural Guano Co. Pulverized Sheep Manure 8 2 14 2.00 1.42 1.25 4.32 2.00 72.53 7.45 Pacific Manure & Fertil- izer Co. Groz-It Pulverized Sheep Manure 3 1.33 1.50 .89 .75 3.38 2.50 40.23 10.55 Premier Poultry Manure Co. Shredded Cattle Manure 2 1.86 1.65 .96 .85 2.23 2.00 61.15 7.20 Pulverized Poultry Manure 8 5,25 4.93 2.55 2.75 1.15 1.30 70.12 10.03 Pulverized Sheep Manure 6 1.94 1.64 1.08 1.00 2.17 2.00 63.15 5.88 Pulverized Manure Co. Wizard Cattle Manure . 4 2.03 2.00 1.34 1.00 2.00 1.00 66.17 5.53 Wizard Sheep Manure . 5 2.00 2.00 1.48 1.00 3.30 2.00 62.88 6.20 Ramshorn Mills Ramshorn Sheep Manure & Wool Waste . 1 1.90 1.50 .66 .60 4.96 3.75 41.46 6.52 Rocky Mountain Fertilizer Co. Wonder Pulverized Sheep Manure 1 1.89 2.00 .84 1.00 3.10 2.00 61.45 11.28 Walker-Gordon Farms Driconure 6 1.94 1.50 .43 1.00 2.03 1.25 79.49 9.61 W. W. Windle Co. Natural Sheep Manure Dusted from Wool 1 2.44 2.44 .70 .92 5.76 4.92 43.65 6.38 INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 47 Stone Meal. Manufactured by Donald S. McCrillis, Boston, Mass. Plant Food Elements. Potassium oxide . Calcium oxide Magnesium oxide Phosphoric acid Guaran- teed. 3.00a 2.00 .25 Found. Soluble in Dilute Hy- drochloric Acid. ,08 2.36 2.82 .32 By Fusion Method. 1.14 5.72 3.00 .32 a Total potash. No water soluble potash guaranteed. 6 Calcium carbonate 1%. Note: The maximum commercial valuation of the plant food in one ton of the Stone Meal is 79 cents; the ton cost of the Stone Meal is $35. Comparison of Stone Meal with Massachusetts Soils. Total Constituents Guaranteed in McCrillis Stone Meal. Acid Soluble Constituents in 13 Types of Massachusetts Soils. Insoluble matter (silica) Potassium oxide Sodium oxide . Calcium oxide Magnesium oxide . Manganese oxide . Ferric oxide Aluminum oxide Phosphoric acid Sulfur trioxide Nitrogen . . . . 27.00 3.00 2.00 .56 2.00 .25 4.00 14.00 .25 5.00 none 69.92 .29 .73 .78 .54 .08 4.82 4.43 .21 .24 .22 A comparison of the analysis of Stone Meal with the guarantee indicates that the statement on the package does not represent the product sold at the present time. Although this is an irregularity not permissable under the state fertilizer control regulations, it is of insignificant importance in a product like Stone Meal which, as the analysis shows, contains nothing either in quantity or quality that is not present in ordinary soil. (See Table.) The matter of greater importance to the consumer is the fact that, on a com- position basis as determined by chemical analysis, this product has no place on the fertilizer market at the price at which it is offered to the public. Further- more, Stone Meal has been used at this institution in the past in carefully conducted vegetation tests both in the field and in greenhouse pots, as well as in experiments to determine its worth as an insecticide. The conclusion drawn at the completion of these experiments in 1914 is quite as true and ap- plicable today as it was seventeen years ago; namely, that Stone Meal has no economic agricultural value. 48 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS RELATING TO FERTILIZERS. The following definitions and interpretations were adopted as official by- vote of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists at a meeting held in Washington in November. Process tankages are products made under steam pressure from crude inert nitrogenous materials, with or without the use of acids, for the purpose of increasing the activity of the nitrogen. These products shall be called "Process Tankages" with or without further quahfication. The water-insoluble nitrogen in these products shall test at least fifty per cent (50 %) active by the alkaline, or eighty per cent (80%) by the neutral permanganate method. Sheep manure, wool waste is the by-product from wool-carding es- tablishments and consists chiefly of sheep manure, seeds, and wool fiber. Available phosphoric acid is the sum of the water-soluble and the citrate- soluble phosphoric acid. Peat is partly decayed vegetable matter of natural occurrence. It is com- posed chiefly of organic matter which contains some nitrogen of low activity. Charred peat is peat artificially dried at a temperature that causes partial decomposition. Sulfate of ammonia is a commercial product composed chiefly of ammon- ium sulfate. It shall contain not less than twenty and five-tenths per cent (20.5%) of nitrogen. Cyanamide and urea nitrogen is synthetic non-proteid organic nitrogen. Dicalcium phosphate is a manufactured product consisting chiefly of a dicalcic salt of phosphoric acid. Quicklime, burned lime, caustic lime, lump lime, unslaked lime are liming materials that have a high content of calcium oxide, with magnesium oxide, produced by heating suitable carbonates until substantially all the car- bon dioxide has been ehminated. Hydrated or slaked lime is the product obtained by treating quicklime with sufficient water or steam to combine with its oxides. Air-slaked lime is the product obtained by exposing quicklime or hydrated lime to the atmosphere until partially carbonated. Ground limestone is the product obtained by grinding calcareous or dolo- mitic limestone. Not less than seventy-five per cent (75%) shall pass a 100- mesh sieve. It shall contain calcium and magnesium carbonates equivalent to not less than ninety per cent (90%) of calcium carbonate. Ground shell lime is the product obtained by grinding the shells of mol- lusks. Not less than seventy-five per cent (75%) shall pass a 100-mesh sieve. It shall contain calcium and magnesium carbonates equivalent to not less than eighty per cent (80%) of calcium carbonate. Marl, ground shell marl., is the product obtained by grinding natural deposits of shell marl. Not less than seventy-five per cent (75%) shall pass a 100-mesh sieve. It shall contain calcium and magnesium carbonates equiva- lent to not less than eighty per cent (80 %) of calcium carbonate. Waste lime, by-product lime, is any industrial waste or by-product con- taining calcium or calcium and magnesium in forms that will neutralize acids. It may be designated by the prefixation of the name of the industry or process by which it is produced, i.e., gas-house lime, tanners' lime, acetylene lime- waste, lime-kiln ashes, calcium silicate, etc. Gypsum, land plaster, or crude calcium sulfate, are products consisting chiefly of calcium sulfate. They may contain twenty per cent (20%) of com- bined water. (They do not neutralize acid soils.) INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 49 DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS WHO REGISTERED FERTILIZER FOR SALE IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1931. American Agricultural Chemical Co., 89 Broad St., Boston, Mass. American Cyanamid Co., 535 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. American Soda Products Co., 121 East Oak Ave., Moorestown, N. .1. Anglo-Chilean Nitrate Sales Corp., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Apothecaries Hall Co., 8 24 Benedict St., Waterbury, Conn. Armour Fertilizer Works, 10 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. Ashcraft-Wilkinson Co., Atlanta, Ga. Associated Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. Atkins & Durbrow, Inc., 29 Burling Slip, New York, N. Y. Baker Castor Oil Company of Delaware, 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Barrett Co., 40 Rector St., New York, N. Y. Barrie Laboratories, Inc., 80 Federal St., Room 1100, Boston, Mass. F. A. Bartlett Tree E.xpert Co., Stamford, Conn. Berkshire Chemical Co., 92 Howard Ave., Bridgeport, Conn. Bradley & Baker, 370 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., 85 State St., Boston, Mass. F. W. Brode Corp., 119 Madison Ave., Memphis, Tenn. C. E. Buell, Inc., 131 State St., Boston, Mass. C & R Sales Co., Box 835, Worcester, Mass. Lyman Carrier Products, R. C. Thomas, Manager, Granger, Ind. Central Chemical Co., Inc., 1115 Main St., Bridgeport, Conn. Clay & Son, Temple Mill Lane, Stratford, London, England George G. Collinge & Son, Inc., West Dane St., Beverly, Mass. Collins Seed Service Co., 60 Congress St., Boston, Mass. Consolidated Rendering Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Curley Brothers, Main St., Wakefield, Mass. Davey Tree Expert Co., North Water St., Kent, Ohio. John C. Dow Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Eastern States Farmers' Exchange, Box 1482, Springfield, Mass. Eastern States Poultry Manure Corp., Douglaston, N. Y. Electric Sprayit Co., 320 East Colfax Ave., South Bend, Ind. Thomas W. Emerson Co., 213 State St., Boston, Mass. Essex Fertilizer Co., 39 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Excell Laboratories, 4535 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, HI. R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 & 9 South Market St., Boston, Mass. Ford Motor Co., By-Product Sales Dept., 3674 Schaefer Road, Dearborn, Mich. H. L. Frost & Co., 20 Mill St., Arlington, Mass. Grasselli Chemical Co., Guardian Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Marblehead, Mass. R. L. Hefiin, Inc., 419 North Willow St., Sherman, Texas. Thomas Hersom & Co., New Bedford, Mass. Humphreys-Godwin Co., Memphis, Tenn. Hyper-Humus Co., Newton, N. J. Independent Manufacturing Co., Wheatsheaf Lane & Aramingo Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. International Agricultural Corp., 38 Chauncy St., Boston, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., Somerville, Mass. Henry James & Son, Inc., 20 Stockbridge St., Springfield, Mass. . Jax Plant Food Co., 8011 Idaho Ave., St. Louis, Mo. John Joynt, Lucknow, Ontario, Canada. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., 98 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Kelloggs & Miller, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y. Koppers Products Co., Koppers Bldg., Pittsburgh, Penn. M. F. Lansill, 86 Charles River Parkway, Newton, Mass. Lebanon Fertilizer Works, 1600 Continental Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Little -Tree Farms, Theodore F. Borst, owner, Framingham Centre, Mass. L. B. Lovitt & Co., Memphis, Tenn. Lowell Fertilizer Co., 40 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Maine Farmers Exchange, 708 Grain & Flour Exchange Bldg., 177 Milk St., Boston, Mass. Mardal Corporation, 370 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. Geo. E. Marsh Co., 393 Chestnut St., East Lynn, Mass. Donald S. McCrillis, 89 State St., Boston, Mass. J. H. McCusker & Sons, 62 Church St., Waltham, Mass. Merrimac Chemical Co., Inc., 148 State St., Boston, Mass. Middlesex County Farm Bureau, 657 Main St., Waltham, Mass. Miller Fertilizer Co., Baltimore Trust Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Sewerage Commission of the City of Milwaukee, Jones Island, Milwaukee, Wis. Mitchell Fertilizer Co., 4 Westminster St., Providence, R. I. Natural Guano Co., Aurora, 111. New England Dressed Meat & Wool Co., 174 Somerville Ave., Somerville, Mass. New England Fertilizer Co., 40-A North Market St., Boston, Mass. New England Rendering Co., R 39 Market St., Brighton, Mass. Nitrate Agencies Co., 104 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. N. V. Potash Export My., Inc., of Amsterdam, Holland, 19 West 44th St., New York, N. Y Old Deerfield Fertilizer Co., Inc., 28 Sugarloaf St., South Deerfield, Mass. Old Gardener Co., Malonev Bldg., Pittsburgh, Penn. Olds & Whipple, Inc., 168 State St., Hartford, Conn. Pacific Manure & Fertilizer Co., 429 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. Carroll S. Page Co., Inc, Hyde Park, Vt. Louis E. Page, 469 Rutherford Ave., Charlestown District, Boston, Mass. Parmenter & Polsey Fertilizer Co., 41 North Market St., Boston, Mass. Pawtucket Rendering Co., Rear 6.54 Mineral Spring Ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Piedmont-Mt. Airy Guano Co., Inc., Baltimore Trust Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Plantabbs Corp., successors to Plant Products Co., 1214 Court Square Bldg. Baltimore, Md. Arthur B. Porter, Inc., 55 Dearborn, St., Salem, Mass. Premier Poultry Manure Co., 327 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. Pulverized Manure Co., 828 Exchange Ave., Chicago, 111. Rach Milling Co., Cairo, 111. 50 CONTROL SERIES No. 60 Ramshorn Mills, West Millbury, Mass. John Reardon & Sons Co., 51 Waverly St., Cambridge, Mass. Rhodey Corp.. 4919 Queensberry Ave., Baltimore, Md. Rocky Mountain Fertilizer Co., Helena, Mont. Rogers & Hubbard Co., Portland, Conn. N, Roy & Son, 675 Washington St., South Attleboro, Mass. F. S Royster Guano Co., Baltimore, Md. Ruhm Phosphate & Chemical Co., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. F. Rynveld & Sons, 350 Greenwich St., New York, N. Y. O. M. Scott & Sons Co., Marysville, Ohio. Sears, Roebuck & Co., Chicago, 111. Seedtown Products, Inc., 526 West 18th St., Chicago, 111. M. L. Shoemaker & Co., 3600 North Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. Smith Agricultural Chemical Co., Columbus, Ohio. Springfield Rendering Co., Springfield, Mass. Standard Wholesale Phosphate & Acid Works, Inc., 1600 Continental Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Stimuplant Laboratories, Inc., Nelson Ave. & Rawson St., Long Island City, N. Y, Swift & Co., Fertilizer Works, Baltimore, Md. Arthur F. Sylvester, 11 Cheever St., Revere, Mass. Synthetic Nitrogen Products Corp., 285 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Henry J. Taubert Co., Cochituate, Mass. Tennessee Corp., Lockland, Ohio. William Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Tweed Vineyards, Clovenfords, Scotland Tobacco By-Products & Chemical Corp., 1010 Columbia Building, Louisville, Ky. Uniform Products Co., Inc., Ill Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Victory Fertilizer Corp., 177 State St., Boston, Mass. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp., Richmond, Va. Walker Fertilizer Co., Inc., Orlando, Florida. Walker-Gordon Farms, Juliustown, N. J. C. P. Washburn Co., Middleboro, Mass. Wessel, Duval & Co., 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Wilcox Fertilizer Co., 56 West Main St., Mystic, Conn. W. W. Windle Co., 95 West Main St., Millbury, Mass. E. L. Winn, Inc., 11th Ave. & Chestnut St., Roselle, N. J. Woodard Bros., Greenfield, Mass. Worcester Rendering Co., Auburn, Mass. Norman S. Wright & Co., Ltd., 70 Lombard St., Toronto, Canada. u r'i