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NVINOSHLINS S31uvudl z Z Se z z ( . <= i pz Sp ee yum ee NS = = | bp 3 i BY 3S 4 3 | / se SEY YG 2 NN = Bd } p= 2 Uy = NS z = | = S = " Ss = n Zz n a a. ; n” : ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS Saluvugi7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN uw Zz a x 2 @ | — TEA «W = ws XX Zp) rad < YY tip = iss VS = er iY ty 4 We SA oa 5, © GH e Ps S\N a < , al 4 s UW 3 E YS = E At Zz rt ae J INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI \LILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3Itu¥VYudIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN 5 5 \ SS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI SaIYVUGIT LIBRARIES Ssaluvudl of INSTITUTION Saluvugii INSTITUTION ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVYdIT_ LIBRARIES ae NVWINOSHLINS S31YVvdd) uy NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLINS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS Na SMITHSONIAN VLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NOH UUSNI NOILALILSNI LIBRARIES ARIES SMITHSONIAN SOND “2 INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IuYvYYudIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN UVYEIT_ LIBRARIES 4VUGIT_LIBRARIES ‘ITUTION ITUTION YWudit ITUTION 79 RO 2 Nos ITUTION SS y : ‘i. an A ti AGRICULTURE — / AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Piant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 January 5, 1962 Number 1 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID populations expected to build up rapidly in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, alfalfa if warm weather continues. GREEN PEACH APHID medium to heavy on sugar beets and other crops in central Arizona, and CABBAGE APHID infestations heavy on cole crops in central and southwestern Arizona. (p. 3). Insect Detection A stink bug (Edessa bifida) was collected for first time in Virginia at White Stone, Lancaster County; and HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL was found for first time in Lebanon and Allegheny Counties, Pennsylvania. (p. 4). Miscellaneous Notes of Interest Several species of APHIDS were found on strawberries in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties, Maryland, from November 22 to December 28, and several species of MILLIPEDS that were collected at several localities in Virginia recently were determined by Dr. R. H. Hoffman. (pp. 4-5). The generic name of the New World SCREW-WORMS has been changed. The proper combinations for the SCREW-WORM and the SECONDARY SCREW-WORM are Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), respectively. (p. 5). Special Reports Status of the EUROPEAN CORN BORER in 1961. Spread during the year was reported to include 15 counties in 4 states (Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and North Dakota). The larval populations, based on comparable districts or counties surveyed in reporting states, generally decreased from those of 1960. The average number of borers per 100 plants was 70, compared with 133 in 1960 in the North Central States, and 171 compared with 164 in 1960 in the Eastern States of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia. The only state that had higher populations than the previous year was Delaware. (pp. 6-14). FOR IO I OR OR A ACK AE IK ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 29 unless otherwise indicated. WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK JANUARY 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for January indicates that temperatures will average below seasonal normals over the eastern two-thirds of the Nation except for near to above normal from the Appalachians eastward. Over the western third of the country, from near to slightly above normal temperatures are anticipated over central and northern portions, but below normal over southern portions. Sometime during the month, however, a radical change in this pattern is antici- pated wherein the Far West will revert to unseasonably cold conditions with a compensating warming in the East. It is not presently possible to determine precisely when this change will occur. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the Northeast, the middle Atlantic States and also in the middle Mississippi Valley. Much of this will fall as snow, except in Atlantic coast areas where rain will predominate. Subnormal precipitation is indicated over the northern and central Intermountain area and western Great Plains. In other unspecified areas near normal amounts are in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super- intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 1 The weether continued unseasonably mild in the Far West and extreme Northeast and extremely cold in much of the midcontinent area for the second consecutive week. Precipitation in significant amounts was mostly limited to the north Pacific coast, the extreme Northeast, and parts of the Southeast. Much of the Far Southwest and lower Great Plains received no precipitation at all. Most of the week was cold in the midcontinent area, and subzero minima extended to St. Louis, Missouri, and the Ohio Valley on Thursday. By the weekend, temper- atures fell to subzero levels at scattered points in the Northeast. Freezing extended to the Louisiana coast on about 3 days, and occurred in most of Georgia on 4 to 7 days. Frost and freeze extended to the Florida Everglades on the 26th and to the interior sections along the southeastern coast of Florida cn the 30th. Tender vegetable crops in southern Florida were damaged. Snow flurries occurred in northern areas east of the Rockies on several days, but most precipitation east of the Rockies was produced by a frontal passage on the 27th and 28th and by an Atlantic coastal storm at the end of the period. Most of the week's precipitation in the Northeast fell on the 28th and was in the form of snow, except for rain in the Hudson Valley and on Long Island, and in southeastern New England. The coastal storm at the end of the week dumped up to 9 inches of snow in northern Georgia and lesser amounts over parts of the Carolinas, Virginia and Maryland, and up to 6 inches in extreme southern New England. In the Far West the mountain snowpack decreased slightly, while the cover from the northeastern Great Plains to the Atlantic coast gemerally remained unchanged, with depths ranging up to more than a foot in the upper Mississippi Valley, the Great Lakes region, and Northeast. Twenty-six inches of new snow, falling mostly from the 29th to 3lst, was reported by Buffalo, New York, and the cover there now is 22 inches. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEBRASKA - Annual adult hibernation survey conducted in 29 counties yielded only one economic sample. This is the lighest population on record for the State. (Bell). APHIDS - ARKANSAS - Oat fields checked in Jefferson County were negative for any species. (Ark. Ins. Sur.) THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Adults and nymphs noted in alfalfa in Dona Ana County; populations found in most fields, but generally very light. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate infestations in most fields checked in Dona Ana County; only occasional winged adult seen. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Adult populations generally light on alfalfa in Dona Ana County. Young very abundant on new growth in several fields; rapid buildup expected if warm weather continues. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Medium infestations present on some central and southwestern alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO - Adults active in alfalfa fields in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FRUIT INSECTS A CERAMBYCID (Snaphoeta quexi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in semiabandoned cherry orchard near Vacaville, Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infestations continue on sugar beets and other crops in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations continue on cole crops in central and southwestern areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). Aphids on Strawberries - MARYLAND - Collections from two localities in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties, November 22 to December 28, have disclosed a surprising number of species and degree of activity. Species and stages collec- ted: POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - oviparous females and eggs; YELLOW ROSE APHID (Myzus porosus) - oviparous and viviparous females; MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - viviparous females; STRAWBERRY ROOT APHID (Aphis forbesi) - apterous females (2 only); and Pentatrichopus sp. - apterous and alate viviparous females. Only the last named was collected after November 30, but it has been quite active. At Fairland, Montgomery County, on December 28, with snow covering the plants, apterous and alate viviparous females and numerous nymphs (averaged 8 aphids per trifoliate leaf) were present. Determinations confirmed by L. M. Russell. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WA = FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS A WEBWORM (Tetralopha asperatella) - VIRGINIA - Light infestation on pin oak at a home in Blacksburg, Montgomery County. Determination by H. W. Capps. (Tarpley, Oct. 2). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous males flying on Cove Mountain, Perry County, in wooded area on December 3. (Sleesman,Balsbaugh) . CHRYSANTHEMUM LEAF MINER (Phytomyza atricornis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite abundant in greenhouse on chrysanthemums at Blair, Altoona County. (Udine). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - PENNSYLVANIA - Appeared for first time on hollyhock in Lebanon and Allegheny Counties on June 2 and July 19, respectively. Determined by F. B. Negley. (Negley, Yackley, Balsbaugh). Aphids on Weeping Willow - VIRGINIA - Heavy infestation in Leesburg, Loudoun County, of Pterocomma smithiae, P. salicis and Lachnus salignus. Determined by L. M. Russell. (Rowell, Brown, Oct. 11). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes ovis) - VIRGINIA - Present on 25 sheep out of 444 inspected in State during October. (Va. Livestock Health Bull., 45(12)). BENEFICIAL INSECTS NABIDS (Nabis spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Active in alfalfa fields in Dona Ana County where aphids are present. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Active in Dona Ana County alfalfa fields where aphids are present. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Swarmed and clustered in homes in Ellsworth, Washington County, on November 27. (Balsbaugh). MOTH FLIES - PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant in bathroom in Carlisle, Cumberland County. (Udine, Dec. 20). GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - NEBRASKA - Infested homes in Lancaster County locally. (Bergman). A STINK BUG (Edessa bifida) - VIRGINIA - Collected for first time in State in home and garage at White Stone, Lancaster County. Determined by R. C. Froeschner. (Tarpley, McSwain, Cct. 11). BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant in homes near lights in Indiana County. (Udine, Dec. 17). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - PENNSYLVANIA - Invaded homes on December 4 at Harrisburg, Dauphin County. (Balsbaugh). MILLIPEDS - VIRGINIA - Several species determined by Dr. R. H. Hoffman are recorded in the State. Pseudopolydesmus serratus was collected at Mountain Lake, Giles County, on August 30. Apheloria corrugata was collected in basement of om home in Roanoke, Roanoke County, on May 17. Oxidus gracilis reported from Richmond, Henrico County, as somewhat more severe than usual and migrating into home during 3 weeks previous to August 25. Collected also at Stuart, Patrick County, on August 2 and September 12. This species was reported as very abundant at a home in Rocky Mount, Franklin County, on June 12, Numerous specimens have been entering homes in Boydton, Mecklenburg County, on September 20. Brachyiulus pusillus invaded homes in Saltville, Smyth County, on November 4; Staunton, Augusta County, on December 6; and Leesburg, Loudoun County, on December 5. (Matheny, Morse, Powell, Rowell, Tarpley, Tucker). CORRECTION CEIR 11(39) :918 - JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - VIRGINIA - should read A WEBWORM (Herculia intermedialis). Determined by H. W. Capps. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Perid. Prod. Spod. Trich, Heliothis saucia ornith. exigua ni zea ARIZONA Mesa 12/21-27 1 2 12 1 1 THE NAMES FOR THE SCREW-WORMS The generic name of the New World screw-worms and screw-worm flies has been changed several times in this century, for zoological or nomenclatural reasons, from Chrysomya (now accepted as restricted to the Old World screw-worms) to Cochliomyia to Callitroga. The last, a name originally cited only in synonymy, has been accepted in North America for the last decade, but used very little elsewhere. It is now clear, from the new International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (published November 1961), which reflects a decision of the XV International Congress of Zoology (London 1958), that Callitroga is nomencla- turally unavailable. Accordingly, the proper combinations for the screw-worm and the secondary screw-worm are Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) , respectively. (Curtis W. Sabrosky, ENT, ARS, USDA) . STATUS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER IN 1961 Survey Data Provided by State Agricultural Agencies, Compiled and Summarized by Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating agricultural agencies in 17 states reported on surveys conducted in their states to determine the abundance and distribution of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)) in 1961. All survey data, summaries or records of field observations were submitted to Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division office in Washington, D. C., for final processing. After processing, the material was reviewed by personnel of the Entomology Research Division, ARS. This is a compilation of the information submitted by the State agencies. Distribution Spread of the European corn borer during 1961 was somewhat limited. A total of 15 counties was reported from the states of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and North Dakota. The 15 new counties reported during 1961 was an increase from the 6 new counties reported during 1960 and the 13 in 1959, but considerably less than the 58 new counties and parishes reported in 1958. Special surveys were conducted during the fall of 1961 in New Mexico and Wyoming, with negative results. Counties reported as infested for the first time in 1961 are as follows: Alabama Georgia North Dakota Chambers Butts Billings Coosa Catoosa Hettinger Macon Cherokee Cobb Paulding Tennessee Pickens Putnam Fayette Troup Hardeman Abundance The 1961 European corn borer survey was conducted during the late summer and fall of the year. The survey is designed to measure the fall population of European corn borer larvae. The participating states were encouraged to time the surveys to include a high percentage of mature larvae whenever possible. In all cases, except for some minor differences in compiling data, the accepted survey methods were used. The survey was continued on a district basis whenever possible in 1961. A dis- trict is usually a group of counties within a state, in most cases being based on the Agricultural Marketing Service Crop Reporting Districts. Only in the states of Delaware, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio and Virginia were the aforementioned AMS Crop Reporting Districts not used. In Delaware, the entire State was classed as one district, and the surveyed counties in Michigan were classed as one dis- trict. State-derived districts were used in Maryland, Ohio and Virginia. The population levels for 1960 and 1961 are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, with the district or county counts being reported in the latter table. OO Population levels of the European corn borer were generally lower than in 1960 in the North Central States. Decreases were most notable in Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin; but, the 1961 counts were about the same as those in 1960 in Iowa. In the latter State, a slight shift in the population from the northwest, which was the highest in 1960, occurred in 1961. The highest counts in Iowa were present in the central and west central districts (IV, V, VII, VIII) where borers per 100 plants averaged 144, 143, 199 and 188, respectively. The largest populations recorded in the North Central States continued to be present in District II of North Dakota (Cass and Richland Counties) where larval counts averaged 262 per 100 plants. However, the 1961 counts in District II of North Dakota were considerably lower than the 474 recorded in 1960. In the Eastern States, populations were somewhat lower than those encountered in 1960 in Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia, but higher in Delaware. The State average of 376 borers per 100 plants found in Delaware was the second highest population recorded in that State since 1936. The 394 borers per 100 plants which occurred in 1959 still stands as the highest recorded population in Delaware. The 1961 increase in populations in Delaware was mainly in the cen- tral and northern parts of the State (Kent and New Castle Counties) where the population increased 35.5 and 54 percent, respectively, over the 1960 fall popu- lation. In Pennsylvania, an increase was recorded in the southeastern district where counts were 161 per 100 plants compared with 136 in 1960. The highest counts in Maryland were again on the Eastern Shore, but yet somewhat lower, being 186 in 1961 compared with 209 in 1960. The survey in Arkansas indicated a decrease in populations, and the results of the past season's inspection in Payne County, Oklahoma, indicated that this was the lighest infestation observed in that area of the State in several years. For all states reporting, based on comparable districts or counties surveyed, the average number of borers per 100 plants decreased from 142 in 1960 to 97 in 1961. The average for the North Central States was 70 in 1961 compared with 133 in 1960, and the average for the Eastern States (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia) was 171 in 1961 compared with 164 in 1960. The population counts for the States of Arkansas and Michigan were not included in the United States aver- age since they were not comparable with the 1960 survey. A summary of the 1959 and 1960 surveys is shown on Table 1 by states. State summaries are shown on Table 2. Accompanying maps show districts surveyed, approximate population levels and counties infested for the first time in 1961. *pakeAINS S}OTIZSTp uo peseq seseroae poe,yStom /T €% L ile 61 LE i uestyotH GE 6S Ss 6T LG v 61 €9 v sesueyty aseIOAY °S “MN UT pepntour 1ON tng pesdAang seaie4¢9 L6 CPL Ft aeBeIoAy £09 T6 Tv9 T6 Te40OL seze1S pe tun OL €eT Ft eseroay 69S LL 69S 82 TB4OL (54 €6 6 8s (4 6 8s €6 6 uTSUOOSTM €0Tt GLI 9 (a4 €0T 9 (44 GLI 9 eyoyed 4ynos €T 89 S €€ (SIL c €€ 89 c otyo 69G ULV i G 69G T v CLE 4 e,oyed Y1I0N 9S Set iL GL 9S L 69 61TT 8 BySeIqon se 19 8 Iv sé 8 9F 19 8 TINOSSTA 89 LOT 9 69 OL L €9 LOT 9 e7.OSeuUuTA GG OL € x4 GG € VE OL € sesuey OOT VOL ral 66 Oot rae 66 ver GL eMOT LG 19 an G6 LZ GL 48 19 ol euetpult LS €01 ZL LE LS ZL LE €0T L STOUTTTI T#1zU98D YYION TZT POL /t aseIOAy UL FI 6L €T T210L 6eL T6T 4 8 6aI Z 8 T6L A eTUTSITA G9 GL 9 OV LS 8 cE GL L etueatAsuuad STITT LOT € €S% SII € €S LET € pueTAren 9LE Z9SG ue € OLE T (3 69 T eIVMCTOG Urd4Seq T96T Oo96T : <«ZequmN + pdAdAINS: szUeTd OOT: peseAang :pekaaang: siuetd OOT: peAeaAans : So1e1¢ S1LUCTd OOL ted Saez0g -: + setzuno): rod *S}OTIZSTG +: SetzunoH: 13d *SJOTIYSTG : : : JO °ON: Ssazeatog fo: FO “ON : FO “ON: SaerTOg Fo: TOON: sieax y.0g poAdaAang g :°ON OSeIOAy: : :'ON o8etaay: : setyzunod Io sz0T414S : 8 ty 0) FOTIYSTA oT qereduog ; I96I : 096T ee ee ee IE CE I a Ph Sear es ase pe Ve ES O96T 1OF 48 4LTM poredmoD ‘T96T FO TTeA@ ‘usT0D Ut souepunqy Jelog uroDj uegedoing Fo seyey19g Aq AreuuMg “*T SeTAeL -9 Table 2 - European Corn Borer Abundance in Corn, Fall of 1961, Compared With Data for 1960 : Average Number : of Borers Per State 5 Arkansas (Ark. Ins. Sur.) Northwest North Central Northeast East Central Southeast Average Average comparable districts (3) Delaware (Agr. Expt. Sta.) Kent New Castle Sussex Average Illinois (Natural History Survey, Ext. Ser.) Northwest West-southwest East-southeast Average Indiana (Ext. Ser., Expt. Sta.) North-northwest North-northcentral North-northeast Northwest 1/ North Central Northeast Southwest 1/ 1/ Areas not completely surveyed in 1960. 100 Plants $ 1960 1961: - 12 22 20 58 44 97 32 71 - 63 27 59 32 239 523 132 205 415 399 262 376 95 81 61 70 173 59 139 64 72 64 448 43 35 20 103 57 64 60 192 29 76 5 11 abal 73 10 125 10 12 6 : Average Number State Indiana (cont'd) South Central Southeast South-southwest South-southcentral South-southeast Average Lowa (State Dept. of Agr.; Ext. Ser.; Expt. Sta.; ENT, ARS, USDA) District I District II District III District IV District V District VI District VII District VIII District IX District ».4 District XI District XII Average Kansas (Ins. Sur.) Northeast North Central East Central Average Maryland (Agr. Ext. Ser., Ins. Sur.) Eastern Shore Southern area Western and Central areas Average of Borers Per 100 Plants 1960 1961 11 20 18 8 37 52 56 41 59 72 61 27 235 66 181 68 112 78 165 144 149 143 56 82 286 199 143 188 44 62 66 79 26 47 30 42 124 100 17 27 66 4 66 43 70 25 209 186 81 83 93 75 127 115 Table 2 - (Cont'd) oS 4) o : Average Number : of Borers Per 9 100 Plants : State : 1960 fe 1961: Michigan (Ext. Ser.) Surveyed Counties 27 qT (Survey in 1960 conducted in 19 counties; survey in 1961 conducted in 19 counties) Minnesota (State Dept. of Agr.) West Central 173 112 Central 60 52 East Central 34 17 Southwest 280 115 South Central 65 66 Southeast 30 43 Northwest - 86 Average 107 70 Average comparable districts (6) 107 68 Missouri (Ext. Ser., Ins. Sur.) District I 56 59 District II ‘ 54 37 District III 64 23 District IV 34 28 District V 21 45 District VI 719 32 District VII 28 18 District IX 154 69 Average 61 38 Nebraska (Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Ser., Ins. Sur.) North 71 47 Northeast 191 87 Northwest 3 - Central 227 51 East 222 137 1/ District not comparable both years : Average Number : of Borers Per : 100 Plants State : 1960 1961 Nebraska (cont'd) South 111 42 Southeast 106 25 Southwest 18 (0) Average 119 56 Average comparable districts (7) 135 56 North Dakota (State Dept. of Agr.) District I 269 - District II 474 262 Average 372 262 Average comparable districts (1) 474 262 Ohio (Expt. Sta.; Ext. Ser.; ARS, USDA) Northwest 85 28 West Central 83 9 Central 23 4 Southwest 68 7 Northeast 79 17 Average 68 13 Pennsylvania (State Dept. of Agr.) Northwest 24 27 West Central 36 38 Southwest 40 41 Central 125 81 South Central 89 40 Northeast - 19 East Central 1/ 74 51 Southeast 136 161 Average 75 57 Average comparable districts (6) 75 Table 2 - (Cont'd) State South Dakota (Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Ser.) North Central Northeast Central East Central Southeast South Central Average Virginia (Ins. Sur.) Northern District Southwestern District Average or ayo ; Average Number of Borers Per 1960 1961: 90 24 140 66 140 88 261 150 220 230 182 59 172 103 236 151 147 107 191 129 Q 100 Plants : State Wisconsin (State Dept. of Agr.) Northwest North Central West Central Central Southwest South Central Southeast East Central Northeast Average : Average Number : of Borers Per 100 Plants 1961 1960 EUROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE FALL I96l EUROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE FALL I96l e96t AuvANVe ‘vasn ‘SUV ‘Odd ‘SNOILVUdO NOILOSLAG GXV ATAUNS NI Gguvdaud avn SHLVLS GHLINN FHL NI UduOd NUOO NVEdOUNT ‘£ d¥H T96T ONIUNG SKIL usura YOX GHLSTINI SHTINNOD ae Gaquoomi Nasa SVH uaYOR NYOO SN oe ae Nvgdoung HOI NT SarzNnoo © \ es As SS + i ms | = ees oe ine bed ng meninges \ ~ ONS a = ~ SSNS Sel ee si} ‘ S S NS \ NG FY “=: Y3YOEd NYOO NVAdOYNSA MENT OF -AGRICULTUR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesrot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 January 12, 1962 Number 2 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG beginning to cause localized damage to small grains in few west central and northeast Texas counties; populations remained noneconomic in small grains in central and east central Oklahoma and none found in northeast Arkansas. (p. 17). WINTER GRAIN MITE generally light on small grains in northern half of Texas and in central Oklahoma; few localized heavy infestations reported in northeastern and north central Texas. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID light in areas checked in Arkansas, Oklahoma and California. Some ARMY CUTWORM feeding noted in central Oklahoma wheat fields. (p. 18). CITRUS PESTS were generally in the low range at the end of December in Florida. (pp. 18-19). CABBAGE APHID continues heavy on cole erops in central and southwestern Arizona and heavy populations of TURNIP APHID present on mustard greens in Brazos County, Texas. BEET LEAFHOPPER populations high in beet fields in Imperial Valley, California, but curly top not over 5 percent in any instance. Also, winter annuals making a rather uniform appear- ance in parts of San Joaquin Valley, which will be favorable for overwintering populations of beet leafhopper. GREEN PEACH APHID continues medium to heavy on sugar beets and other crops in central Arizona. (p. 19). Controls for CATTLE GRUBS and LICE on cattle reported in areas of Utah and for lice in Texas. SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO active in southwestern Texas during December and required limited control measures. (p. 20). Infestations of unspecified TICKS heavy on cattle in Brown County, Texas, and Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) heavy on horses in Cherokee and McCurtain Counties, Oklahoma. (p. 21). Miscellaneous Notes of Interest A WALKINGSTICK, Anisomorpha ferruginea, determined as being species involved in fall outbreak reported in Polk County, Arkansas. (p. 20). A spider mite (Eote- tranychus lewisi) reported medium on poinsettias in San Diego, California. This pest has become serious on poinsettias in many locations of California. FACE FLY reported for first time as overwintering in a house in Kansas. (p. 20). Special Reports Status of EUROPEAN CORN BORER in New Jersey in 1961. Fall abundance survey indicates populations to be slightly less than those recorded in 1960 fall survey. Increases recorded in Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex and Monmouth Counties, however. Highest counts were 339 borers per 100 plants in Mercer County. (p. 17). BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey in Texas —- fall of 1961. The average number of live weevils per acre in Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan Counties was 4,114 in 1961 compared with 4,501 in 1960 and 6,631 in 1959. (p.19). INSECT DETECTION in the United States - 1961. First reports include one United States record and 59 new State records. (pp. 23-26). FO I IK KK Reports in this issue are for week ending January 5 unless otherwise indicated. NG io WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 8 Unseasonably mild weather continued in most of the Far West for the third consecu- tive week. Tempeartures for the week averaged as much as 12° above normal in the Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest. In the north-central Interior, this week was much warmer than normal and 10° to 15° warmer than the preceding week. Temper- atures averaged well below normal for the second consecutive week in the Southeast and for the third consecutive week in most of the remainder of the South. Freezing and frost extended into the Florida Everglades for the second time within a week on January 3 and 4, causing additional damage to tender vegetables. Freezing extended along the Gulf coast from Lake Charles, Louisiana, to Talla- hassee, Florida, on Tuesday, and from Lake Charles to Mobile, Alabama, on Saturday. Freezing also occurred in the lower Rio Grande Valley on the latter date. Precipitation exceeded 0.50 inch in the southeastern Great Plains and in most areas east of the Mississippi River, with more than 2.00 inches in central Gulf coastal areas and in the Atlantic coastal areas from Georgia to southern New England. Most of this precipitation fell during the latter half of the week as stormy weather over the midcontinent area moved slowly northeastward. A tornado struck Crestview, Florida, on Friday evening, killing one person, injuring several others, and causing widespread damage in the town. Heavy weekend rains caused local flooding in many Gulf and south Atlantic coastal streams. Near-record 24-hour amounts of rain were reported from stations in New Jersey during the weekend. New England had its worst icestorm in many years on Friday and Saturday. The glaze was responsible for numerous accidents, and transportation was almost completely halted. Blizzard conditions developed in parts of the lower Great Plains on Friday and Saturday when heavy snow fell over much of the north-central Interior and light to heavy amounts as far south as Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, reported 5 inches on the ground on Saturday morning, but this melted during the day. At the end of the period, the ground was mostly bare in the western portion of the Great Plains, but snow covered the eastern portions as far south as Kansas, and the cover extended northeastward over the Ohio Valley and Northeast. As the period ended, cold air was moving into the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains and heavy snow was falling in the central Rocky Mountains and along their eastern slopes. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). Sef S CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS Status of European Corn Borer in New Jersey in 1961 Cooperating agricultural agencies in New Jersey reported on surveys conducted in 12 counties in the State to determine the abundance of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) ) in 1961. Survey data and records of field observa- tions were submitted to Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, in Washington, D. C., for final processing and inclusion in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. The survey in 1961 was conducted on a county basis. A total of 100 stops was made in 10 counties and 5 stops each in 2 counties. Slight increases in popula- tion were recorded in Cumberland, Salem and Warren Counties. European Corn Borer Abundance in Corn, Fall of 1961, Compared With Data for 1960 Average Number of Borers Per 100 Plants Counties 1960 1961 Burlington 232 186 Camden 1/ 318 299 Cumberland 1/ 188 88 Gloucester 264 159 Hunterdon 128 177 Mercer 176 339 Middlesex 146 189 Monmouth 150 214 Salem 190 76 Somerset 128 116 Sussex - 48 Warren 90 88 Average 183 158 1/ Five stops made in county GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Beginning to cause localized damage in few west central and northeastern counties. General survey planned for week ending January 12 to determine severity and extent of infestations. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations remained noneconomic in small grains surveyed throughout central and east central areas. Counts generally less than 5 per linear foot in Kingfisher, Blaine, Logan, Garfield, Payne, Mayes, Muskogee and Wagoner Counties; one count of 10-40 per linear foot observed on wheat in Lincoln County. Counts reduced from 200-300 per linear foot to 2-3 per linear foot in experimental plots in Payne County. Cold weather during mid-December was respon- sible for reductions in counts. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - None found in northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Most common pest noted in small grain, although counts are generally low. Populations ranged O-15 per linear foot in central area counties surveyed, except in Lincoln County where counts of 25-40 per linear foot were observed in one field under lush growth. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). = Sie CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations of 2-3 per terminal observed on barley in Okeene area, Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light, noneconomic infestations common over northern half of State, with locally heavy infestations reported from few northeastern and north central counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light populations of 0-15 per linear foot observed in scattered small grain fields throughout central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - ARKANSAS - Less than one per linear foot found in small grain in northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Only occa- sional individuals observed on small grains checked in central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Light on leaves of barley in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered infesta- tions of 0-4 per linear foot found in wheat fields checked in central area; limited feeding noted in some fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OKLAHOMA - Only an occasional specimen found on overwintering alfalfa in central part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - MISSOURI - No formal survey was conducted in the State during 1961. There were only 3 small areas where infestations were observed during the growing season. Light infestations were observed in northeast and northwest areas, but very little damage resulted. In southwest area, few fields of small grain sorghum and corn were heavily damaged by chinch bugs migrating from small grain. Numbers were lower in 1961 than in past several years. Infestations were light (250-500 bugs per square foot) in Scotland, Knox, Platte, Clinton, Clay, Barton, Jasper and Dade Counties, and moderate (500-1,000 bugs per square foot) in Lawrence County. (Munson). FRUIT INSECTS SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - UTAH - Damaging many sour cherry trees in one orchard at Willard, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Alired). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - TEXAS - Heavy population attacking dooryard mulberry in College Station, Brazos County. (Newton). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of December 1961 - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 61 percent of groves (norm 69 percent); 40 per- cent economic (norm 48 percent). Although statewide population is still near the high range, number of destructive infestations is below average for this time of year. A decrease is expected in January. Highest districts are Bartow, Brooks— ville, west coast and Indian River. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 36 percent of groves (norm 58 percent); 10 percent economic (norm 28 percent). Population throughout State is still far below average for December. A slight increase is expected in January. Highest districts are Brooksville and west coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 33 percent of groves; 8 percent economic. Statewide population is in low range and is about the same as December of 1960. A slight increase is expected. Highest districts are west coast, Gainesville and Indian River. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 59 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 5 percent economic (orm 11 percent). The number of destructive infestations is the lowest on record for this time of year. Little change is expected. Highest district is ridge. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 84 percent of groves; 14 percent economic. Infestations are more prevalent and somewhat heavier than in Decembers of recent years, but very few groves have important infestations at ale) this time. Little change is expected. Highest districts are Brooksville, Orlando and ridge. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) continues to be unusually prevalent. Most infestations are light and are not likely to become destruc- tive soon. A SNOW SCALE (Unaspis citri) and PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria riformis) are more abundant than in prior years. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations present on citrus in San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Eleventh and final bait spray application of 1961 season completed in San Diego County border program area. During 1961, approximately 215,000 yard and roadside trees were treated. No finds were made in State during season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ARIZONA - Heavy on cole crops in central and southwest portions of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - TEXAS - Heavy population attacking mustard greens in home gardens in Brazos County. (Garner). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Nearly all foothill flats and slopes on west side of San Joaquin Valley now favorable for overwintering populations, with winter annuals making rather uniform appearance. However , no concentrations of the pest are present at this time for winter treatment. In Imperial Valley, leafhopper numbers continue high in beet fields, but reductions should follow controls for other pests. Some curly-top damage evident, but does not exceed 5 percent in any instance. With fields rapidly maturing, many will outgrow further injury. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue medium to heavy on sugar beets and other crops in central area, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL HIBERNATION SURVEY IN TEXAS - FALL 1961 Fall collections of surface woods trash were made in Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan Counties December 4-29, 1961, to determine the number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that went into hibernation. Each sample consisted of 2 square yards of trash, with 3 samples taken from each location and either 6 or 7 locations being sampied in each county. Collections were made from loca- tions which could be resampled in the spring of 1962. A total of 75 samples were taken from 25 locations in the 4 counties. The average number of live weevils found per acre in Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan Counties was 2,957, 4,032, 2,957 and 6,095, respectively, compared with 7,647, 3,485, 2,710 and 4,259 for 1960, and 8,760, 5,227, 2,710 and 9,438 for 1959. The area average of 4,114 weevils per acre in the fall of 1961 compares with 4,501 in 1960 and 6,631 in 1959. (Parencia). BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in cotton fields in Westmorland, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - No further collections have been made in central eradication area since 3 previously reported collections. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Gin cleaner inspections during latter part of - 20 - 1961 indicate apparent increase in populations in southern Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Gin trash inspections in Beckham, Custer and Dewey Counties negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval populations present on cotton plants, along with Blapstinus sp., in Calexico, Imperial County, P. stultana also medium in cotton fields in Westmorland, in same county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations medium in cotton in Westmorland, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A NOCTUID (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Light population present in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS A WALKINGSTICK (Anisomorpha ferruginea) - ARKANSAS - Widespread outbreak reported in CEIR 11(41):951 as being active in Polk County, has been determined as this species. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). COCCIDS - CALIFORNIA - Stomacoccus platani and Pseudococcus malacearum medium on Sycamore trees in public plantings in Hollister, San Benito County. Lepidosaphes machili medium on cymbidium plants in a nursery in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes merlini) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations occurring on manzanita leaves in Paradise, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus lewisi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on poinsettias in San Diego, San Diego County. This mite has become a serious pest of poinsettias in many locations in the State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - KANSAS - Reported by local pest control operator to be heavy in upstairs of a house in Manhattan, Riley County. This is first report in State of presence of overwintering adults in a house. Infestation at Gereeayen Department Building in Manhattan continues to be active on warm days. Peters) CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Two thousand cattle in Utah and Cache Counties treated for control by means of newer systemics. (Knowlton, Tueller, Acord) . OKLAHOMA - Counts of 40-50 H. lineatum per head noted on untreated short yearling steers in Payne County; averaged 20 per head on mature cows in Lincoln County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) - TEXAS - Limited flights occurred in southeast coastal counties during December, necessitating limited control measures. (Jefferson Co. Mosq. Cont. Comm., Dec. Rpt.). LICE - UTAH - Controls applied to 36,000 cattle in Utah and Cache Counties. An additional 2,000 head treated by newer systemics. (Knowlton, Acord, Tueller). OKLAHOMA - Linognathus vituli averaged 5 per 10 parts of the hair on cattle in Lincoln County. Undetermined species also reported in Bryan and Latimer Counties. Haematopinus suis reported on hogs in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Infestations of undetermined species on cattle in Brown County requiring control in some herds. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). 5 Oh S TICKS - TEXAS - Infestations of undetermined species on cattle average 35 indi- viduals per mature animal in Brown County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations of Dermacentor albipictus noted on horses in Cherokee and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Rhipicephalus sanguineus causing considerable annoyance in a home at Greenbelt, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH (Anagasta kiihniella) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy larval infes- tations found in stored grain at Clovis, Curry County, and on a ranch near Quemado, Catron County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES - ARKANSAS - Active in small grains on warm days. (Ark. Ins\. Sur.) . TWICE-STABBED LADY BEETLE (Chilocorus stigma) - TEXAS - Light populations feeding on white peach scale attacking mulberry in College Station, Brazos County. (Garner). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS EARWIGS - TEXAS - Labidura riparia becoming pestiferous in homes in Brazos County. (Newton). ARIZONA - Infestations of undetermined species around homes a problem in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae) - ARIZONA - Several infestations reported in homes in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Recently invaded homes in Provo area, Utah County, and in several communities in Cache County. (Knowlton). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Collected in Township 32 S in Hillsborough County on December 12, 1961. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Prod. Trich. Spodop. Helio. unip. ips. subterr. ornith. ni exigua zea ARIZONA Mesa 12/28/61-1/3/62 34 it i 8 aL FLORIDA Gainesville 12/27/61 il} 2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 12/18-24/61 Charleston 12/25-31/61 Charleston 1/1-7/62 Pw h HO oon bo (esate MAY By, 6 OS < INSECT DETECTION IN THE UNITED STATES - 1961 FIRST UNITED STATES REPORT Species Host State *Eusemion corniger --- New Hampshire (a parasitic encyrtid) FIRST STATE REPORT Species Host State Acalymma gouldi Sa Pennsylvania (a leaf beetle) Acantholyda zappei white pine Ohio (a web-spinning sawfly) Aceria medicaginis alfalfa Washington (an eriophyid mite) Aceria neocynodonis Bermuda grass Nevada (an eriophyid mite) Texas Androlaelaps setosus rodent Hawaii (a laelaptid mite) Aphis spiraecola spirea Delaware (spirea aphid) Asterolecanium minus Quercus sp. North Caro- (a pit scale) lina Autoserica castanea potato, bean North Caro- (Asiatic garden beetle) and carrot lina Blattella vaga --- Utah (a cockroach) Carulaspis minima Juniperus sp. Hawaii a coccid Cassida rubiginosa Canada thistle Pennsylvania (a leaf beetle) Ceutorhynchus assimilis turnip North Caro- (cabbage seedpod weevil) lina * This beneficial insect is also a new North American record. County Coos Dauphin Licking Walla Walla Clark El Paso Honolulu Sussex Madison Jackson Washington Honolulu Montgomery Henderson CEIR Violen lel: Page No. 954 485 194 464 439 580 76 - 24 - First State Report (cont'd) Species Chlamisus comptoniae (a leaf beetle) Chloriona kolophon (a delphacid) Chrysops amazon (a deer fly Conchaspis angraeci a coccid Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (a leaf roller moth) Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) Dermacentor nitens (tropical horse tick) Diabrotica virgifera (western corn rootworm) Epepashia zelleri (an epipaschiid) Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle) Fieberiella florii (a leafhopper) Gymnaetron tetrum (a weevil) Host State Comptonia peregrina Pennsylvania (sweetfern) Hleusine indica goosegrass) in alfalfafield hibiscus grain sorghum Cocolobis uvifera (common seagrape and Filicium decipi- ens (ferntree) feeder calf horse alfalfa and corn poisonivy quince moth mullein Hawaii Pennsylvania Texas Arizona Hawaii Indiana Florida Minnesota North Dakota Kansas Oregon Utah CEIR Vol. 11 County Page No. Dauphin 871 Hawaii 837 Honolulu Dauphin aakatal Cameron 1059 Cochise 945 Honolulu 60 Miami 1089 Brevard 267 Broward Dade De Soto Glades Hendry Hillsborough Indian River Lake Marion Monroe Okeechobee Orange Palm Beach Volusia Pipestone 927 Rock Ransom 116 Wyandotte 848 Benton 1085 Cache 114 - 25 - First State Report (cont'd) Species Hawaiia minuscula (a snail) Helix aspersa (brown garden snail) Hybomitra difficilis (a horse fly) Hypera postica alfalfa weevil) Hysteroneura setariae (rusty plum aphid Lerodea eufala (a skipper) Leurolestes pallidus (a eockroacks Matsucoccus resinosae (a red-pine scale) Musca autumnalis (face fly Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) Oligonychus coffeae (a spider mite) Pemphredon lethifer lethifer (a sphecid wasp) Penthaleus major (winter grain mite) Periplaneta australasiae (Australian cockroach) Petrova comstockiana (pitch twig moth) Host petunia flowers, shrubs, and vegetables wiregrass Corn, sorghum and Sudan grass red pine beef cattle beef cattle cattle livestock various vegetables Tropical-almond terminalia in rose stem girdler tunnels (Agrilus rubicola) in raspberry canes moss loblolly pine State Oregon Oregon Utah Florida Ohio Hawaii Nevada North Caro- lina New Jersey Colorado Georgia Kentucky South Caro- lina South Dakota Wyoming Hawaii Hawaii Utah North Caro- lina Montana Delaware County Jackson Coos Salt Lake Liberty Belmont Honolulu Clark Lincoln Forsyth Passaic Clear Creek Gilpin Summit White Owen Oconee Brookings Albany Honolulu Honolulu Davis Salt Lake Wake Liberty Sussex CEIR Viola Page No. 809 232 611 48 419 1052 961 116 28 80 1060 376 518 386 First State Report (cont'd) Species Phyllophaga affabilis (a May beetle) Phytomyza crassiseta a leaf miner fly) Pineus coloradensis (a chermid) Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) Psychoda stigma (a moth fly) Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine shoot moth) Scolytus multistriatus (smaller European elm bark beetle) Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire ant) Sternostoma tracheacolum (a canary lung mite) Tetralopha robustella pine webworm Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus aphid) Host light trap Veronica imperi- alis ponderosa pine in tree nursery elm wood Virginia pine English holly State Iowa California North Dakota California Hawaii Kansas Minnesota North Caro- lina Texas Delaware Maryland County Mills Ventura Stark Sacramento Maui Leavenworth Sedgwick Ramsey Anson Harris Sussex Queen Annes CEIR Vol. 11 Page No. 7164 952 1020 514 439 870 669 232 29 784 56 ‘in 25 (A AD ial Business Cy 2) S Offic Th AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 January 19, 1962 Number 3 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG activity being kept at noneconomic levels in Texas and Oklahoma due to severe cold and icy conditions that existed the week ending January 12. WINTER GRAIN MITE generally light in central and north central Texas, with some locally heavy infestations present within the area. (p. 29). GREEN PEACH APHID continues light to heavy on several truck crops in central and southwestern Arizona, and VEGETABLE WEEVIL larvae abundant around roots of turnip plants in Mobile County, Alabama. (p. 31). BARK BEETLES continue active and damaging to pines in areas of the El Dorado and Cleveland National Forests in California. Also in Cali- fornia, FIR ENGRAVER and FLATHEADED BORERS were damaging in certain areas, and MIMOSA WEBWORM was found for the first time. (p. 32). CATTLE GRUBS light to heavy in cattle in areas of Arizona and Oklahoma and CATTLE LICE activity increasing in Oklahoma. HOG LOUSE countywide in Delaware and Carter Counties, Oklahoma, and EAR TICKS common and often serious in cattle in sections of Kane County, Utah. KHAPRA BEETLE infestation found in Angiola, Tulare County, California; the first find in the State since May of 1961. (p. 34). Forecasts of Insect Conditions Heavy infestations of a weevil (Hypera brunneipennis) may develop in Yuma County, Arizona, alfalfa. (p. 29). CITRUS INSECTS and MITES expected to be about normal generally from January through March in Florida citrus groves. (p. 31). Insect Detection MIMOSA WEBWORM found for the first time in California at Chico, Butte County, and a coccid (Ehrhornia cupressi) recorded for first time in Yolo County, California. (p. 32). Status Maps CHINCH BUG survey - 1961. The number of hibernating adults considerably lower than those found in 1960. Very severe ratings were recorded in only one spot in Oklahoma and 4 small spots in Arkansas. Severe ratings were recorded in one area of Illinois, one area of Kansas, 2 small areas of Oklahoma and 4 small areas of northeastern Arkansas. (p. 30). Distribution of a pine needle-sheath miner (Zelleria haimbachi) in the United States and Canada. (p. 33). 2 IR I I IR IK RI aK CC 2K 2g ak > Reports in this issue are for week ending January 12 unless otherwise indicated. Os WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-JANUARY TO MID-FEBRUARY 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-January to mid-February calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the entire Nation, except in the Atlantic Coast States where near normal temperatures are indicated. Greatest departures are expected in the western third of the country. This represents a return toward more seasonable temperatures in the East and South and more wintry conditions in the Far West. Precipitation is predicted to exceed normal over the eastern half of the Nation and also in the Southwest. Subnormal amounts are indicated for the extreme Northwest. In other unspecified areas, near normal precipitation is in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superinten- dent of Documents ,Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 15 An extensive outbreak of frigid arctic air was the dominant weather feature this week throughout most of the Nation. Temperatures were sharply below those of the preceding week in most sections and were much below seasonal levels, except in New England and the Pacific States. Departures ranged from 18° to more than 20° below normal over sections of the Rockies and a broad area from the central Gulf coast into the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Precipitation was light to moderate in most areas, exceeding 0.50 inch in the coastal sections of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascades; from southeastern Texas and the Alabama coast into lower Michigan; in portions of Florida, the southern Appalachians, and the Carolina-Virginia-Maryland coastal areas. More than 2.00 inches were measured from southern Illinois into western Tennessee and eastern Arkansas. The extensive mass of frigid arctic air, centered over northern Alberta early on Tuesday, with its leading edge in Texas, moved swiftly southward to western Texas by early Thurs- day when it covered the entire Nation, except for parts of the immediate Pacific coast and extreme southern Florida. Several stations in Montana and Wyoming established their highest sea level pressures of record on Tuesday or Wednesday as the center of the HIGH moved through that area. One of the highest was 31.37 inches (1062 mb.) at Helena,, Montana. Temperatures dropped rapidly to unusually low levels from the Plateau eastward to the Appalachians and southward to the Gulf coast as the arctic air spread over the Nation. Strong winds accentuated the effects of the cold air in many areas, and snow ranging from 1 to 9 inches added to the discomfort over the Southern States from central Texas into the Tennessee Valley and the western Carolinas. Numerous records, both for minimum temperatures and for the duration of freezing temper- atures, were set in the Southern States. Some of these include: -8° at El Paso, Texas, on the llth (lowest of record); 19° at Brownsville, Texas, on the 12th (lowest since February 12, 1899); 14° at New Orleans, Louisiana, on the 11th (lowest since February 13} 1899) ; 14° at Tallahassee, Florida, on the 13th (lowest since February 14, 1899); 7° at Mobile, Alabama, on the 11th and 0° at Meridian, Mississippi, on the 12th, both record lows for January. The mercury remained below freezing at New Orleans for 67 consecutive hours (greatest on record). Vicksburg, Mississippi, had below-freezing readings for 98 hours, Birmingham, Alabama, for 99 hours, and Memphis, Tennessee, for 108 hours. In the Rockies, minima fell below the -50° mark at some higher points in Colorado, and Laramie, Wyoming, had -47°. In the Far West, below-freezing readings extended to all areas except portions of the immediate coast, although several stations in north- central California recorded new January maximum readings early in the week. A coastal storm on Friday left from 5 to 9 inches of snow in the Virginia Capes area. While temperatures moderated over most of the eastern half of the Nation Friday through Sunday, a storm center developing over the Plateau and the Western Plains during this period brought a fresh outbreak of more moderate arctic air across the middle of the Nation and to the east coast by Monday night. Locally heavy rain or snow accompanied the southward and eastward passage of this new air mass through the Central States on Sunday and in the Atlantic Coast States on Monday. Some thunderstorm activity was noted in the Middle Atlantic States. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). =20n— CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged O-3 per linear foot in wheat near Maxwell, Colfax County. Also spotted light infestations in Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - During the period December 21-29, a survey was made in 24 panhandle counties. Infestations were found in all counties although populations have generally declined during the past 6 weeks. Populations were heaviest in Randall, Castro, Parmer, Oldham and Hansford Counties where counts of 30 per linear foot were present in some areas. In the remaining counties, populations numbered from less than one to 10 per linear foot. A few predators, consisting mostly of damsel bugs (Nabis spp.) and lady beetles, were noted in the area. (Daniels, Dec. 29). Popula- tions in Wilbarger, Wichita and Hardeman Counties numbered less than 15 per linear foot. (Daniels). Spotted infestations in west central, central, north central and northeastern areas were causing some concern prior to the extreme cold. (Texas Coop. Rpt.) OKLAHOMA - Severe cold and icy conditions continued to keep activity of this pest at noneconomic levels throughout the State on small grains. Populations of less than one per linear foot of row were observed in Bryan, Tillman and Cotton Counties. Local, noneconomic populations also reported from Payne, Kingfisher and Blaine Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 8 per linear foot, on oats in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 10 per linear foot, on rye and vetch checked in Love County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Light, scattered, noneconomic infes- tations found during December 21-29 survey in the 24 panhandle counties. (Daniels). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Generally light infestations being reported from central and north central areas, with locally heavy infestations causing some apparent damage within the area. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Limited checking of infested stalks prior to cold weather, which was present during the reporting period, indicated that mortality of overwintering larvae had been high. Less than 10 larvae per 100 infested plants were found in Washington County, north- west area, and 10-12 larvae per 100 infested plants were found in St. Francis County, east central area. Further surveys will be made. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional larva found on barley in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light populations found in almost all alfalfa checked in Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed on clover and alfalfa in Bryan and Love Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light populations in almost all alfalfa checked in Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Infestations of 30-50 adults per 100 sweeps still present in some Yuma County alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Infestations of 1-2 adults per sweep present in some Yuma County alfalfa. Larvae not yet present, but high popula- tions of adults indicate the possibility of heavy infestations later. (Ariz. Coop. 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FRUIT INSECTS Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - January Through March 1962 - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infestations will remain near the current moderate level through January, then decline until mid-March. Although the statewide populations are not expected to exceed the seasonal normal, about 30 percent of the groves will develop numerous mites during the period. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) and TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) popu- lations will remain low through February, then increase to normal levels in March. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) will increase gradually, but the population will be below average in March. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysom- halus aonidum) will be below the average level through March, and PURPLE SCALE Wenidosaplies beckii) infestations will be light in most groves, with no increase expected before mid-March. APHIDS will appear on the new flush of growth in early March. The outlook given here is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the current U. S. Weather Bureau 30-day Outlook will be normal. Departures from these normal conditions may affect citrus insect and mite populations directly or indirectly in a number of ways. Therefore, the forecast above should not be viewed with the same degree of confidence as the "Citrus Insect Situation" reports published twice each month in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. (Simanton, Jan. 9). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium,local infestation in apple fruit in Julian, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Light to heavy infestations present in sugar beets, carrots, lettuce and other crops in central and south- western areas. Populations also increasing on little mallow (Malva parviflora) in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Larvae abundant around bases of turnip plants in Mobile County; few adults also collected. (Seibels). CUCUMBER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Large numbers of Diabrotica balteata and D. undecim- punctata howardi adults present in Mobile County. (Seibels). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - ALABAMA — Adults numerous in Mobile County. (Seibels). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ALABAMA - Adults numerous in Mobile County. (Seibels). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA —- Occasionally found in Mobile County. (Seibels). 5 2B)\C COTTON INSECTS A NOCTUID (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations of larvae continue to be found in gin trash in Thermal, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BARK BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - Dendroctonus brevicomis and Ips sp. infestations increased during 1961 in the El Dorado National Forest area which includes private lands within the forest boundaries. Large numbers of ponderosa pines have been killed in groups of 3 to 12 in several hundred acres of timber in the Grizzly Flat, Henry Diggins, Caldar and Plummer-Sturdevant-Baltic Ridge areas. Sanitation-salvage logging is continuing in this area and has reduced the number of new fades. (S. W. Reynolds). D. brevicomis causing severe loss of Jeffrey pines in the Pine Hill area of the Cleveland National Forest. This is a continuation of the infestation and has now included about 100 acres of Coulter pine. (R. Engel). FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) - CALIFORNIA - Causing severe damage to a 500-600-acre stand of white fir in the Sawpit Canyon area of the San Bernardino National Forest. Approximately 1,000 trees have been killed. (C. E. Baston). Adults active in the El Dorado National Forest area. (S. W. Reynolds). FLATHEADED BORERS - CALIFORNIA - Over 1,000 ponderosa pines in a 350-acre stand which escaped the Brownsville fire (Willow Glen and La Port Roads), Yuba County, have now become infested with unspecified species. Many trees have already died. (R. L. Thompson). A COCCID (Ehrhornia cupressi) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium infestations on California juniper in Knights Landing, Yolo County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - CALIFORNIA - Recorded for the first time in the State. Newly emerged adults were identified and confirmed by George Okumura, California Department of Agriculture, on the basis of genitalia mounts on January 8, 1962. The larvae from which the adults were reared were collected by J. Harroun, Butte County Agricultural Inspector, on October 16, 1961, from silktree (Albizzia julibrissin) in Chico, Butte County. Silktree and honey- locust are known hosts and both are used for landscaping in California. A delimiting survey is underway and the results of this survey will determine the possibility of eradication. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). This insect has not previously been recorded further west than the states of Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana in the United States. NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Mines noticeable on several American holly trees at Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A LEAF MINER (Agromyza albitarsis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of larvae in twigs in poplar trees in Arlington, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus microcirculus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on cattleya orchids in an orchidhouse in Larkspur, Marin County. These were subject to eradication treatment. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COCCIDS - CALIFORNIA - Eriococcus coccineus and Diaspis echinocacti locally medium on night blooming cereus cactus in Antioch, Contra Costa County. Aspidiotus cyanophylli light to heavy on cactus nursery stock in a property in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Light populations of several species found on verbena cuttings in greenhouses in Tulsa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 3 94) 6 DISTRIBUTION OF A PINE NEEDLE-SHEATH MINER (Zelleria haimbachi Busck) IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 140° 130° 60° 120° ikea 100° 90° 80° 60° 70° 60° so° D Va, 50° 60° 30° 30° 20° 120° 110° 100° 90° so0° To° Dots: Collection points Shaded Area: Generalized range of principal hosts From Forest Pest Leaflet 65 Forest Service, USDA November 1961 5 Bylo INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - ARIZONA - H. lineatum grubs averaged 12 per untreated animal in 2 Maricopa County herds checked, with as many as 50 in some animals. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) UTAH - Controls underway in Morgan County. (Knowlton, Thatcher). OKLAHOMA - Light to heavy populations of H. lineatum found in follow- ing counties: Wagoner (10-12 per head), McCurtain (1 to numerous), Payne (0-60 per head), Tillman (9-12 per head) and Bryan (6-100 per head). Activity also reported from counties in the central, south central, southeast, east central and southwestern areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Reports of activity becoming more common throughout State. Crowding of cattle,as a result of cold weather, may cause increased activity. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Controls underway in Morgan, western Box Elder and Kane County herds. (Knowlton, Thatcher, Finch, Hatch). Infesta- tions are common and often severe in Carbon County herds,but very little control has been practiced to January 10. (Knowlton, Hassell). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Countywide populations reported on hogs in Delaware and Carter Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EAR TICKS - UTAH - Common and often serious in ears of cattle in several large sections of Kane County, particularly in Long Valley herds. (Knowlton, Hatch). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Two Federal inspectors collected several larvae from a warehouse in Angiola, Tulare County, on January 2, This is the first infestation found in the State since those of May 1961. The property infested at Angiola was one of those originally infes- ted and treated 7 years ago. Investigation is underway to locate the source of the infestation and commodity movement. Fumigation arrangements are currently in process. Over one million cubic feet are involved in this property fumigation. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Stored-product Insects in Oklahoma - LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) was found heavy (185 per quart), CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) light (5 per quart) and SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) (8 per quart) in farm-stored barley in Love County. (Okie. Coop. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS SPRINGTAILS - TEXAS - Hordes have become a household nuisance in a new suburban development in Abilene, west central area. Residents were very concerned. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Wilde). CALIFORNIA - Onychiurus fimetarius populations heavy and a nuisance in a local dichondra lawn in Arlington, Riverside County, and in a planter in a home in Camarillo, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - OREGON - Found infesting a Coquille, Coos County, home in December. (Every). FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus flavipes) - MARYLAND - Larvae noted in a home at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Jan. 6 MOTH FLIES - MARYLAND - Adults present in basement of a home at Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Jan. 5). GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - TEXAS - Becoming a nuisance in homes in Bryan-College Station vicinity. (Newton). oe FAA, SEN RS NRE RA WS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesroi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 January 26, 1962 Number 4 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions SMALL GRAIN INSECTS generally noneconomic in Texas and Oklahoma, APHIDS building up on barley in Chaves and Eddy Counties, New Mexico. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID very low in alfalfa in Arizona and not found in Oklahoma. (p. 37). CITRUS RUST MITE dropped to moderate level in Florida citrus groves; however, all districts will continue to have some heavy infestations. Other CITRUS PESTS in Florida below normal abundance or decreasing, with the exception of BLACK SCALE which is not expected to be a problem. (pp. 37-38). VEGETABLE WEEVIL active, but light, on tobacco in the plant bed in several Georgia counties. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE controls continue in eastern Texas, and WESTERN PINE BEETLE and Ips sp. severely damaging ponderosa pines in many locations over Calaveras County, California. (p. 39). Several additional MIMOSA WEBWORM infestations found in Chico, Butte County, California. CATTLE LICE controls continue in Utah, but no damaging populations reported in Oklahoma, (p. 40). Miscellaneous Notes of Interest A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) has been collected in blacklight traps at Miami, Florida, as late as December 29, 1961. The adult population appears to be at a low level; however, above date is the latest of the past 3 years. (p. 41). This beetle is known to occur in the United States only in the Miami area of Dade County, Florida. Two STONEFLIES (Allocapnia rickeri and A. granu- lata), determined by H. H. Ross, from northwestern Arkansas. (p. 41). a Insect Detection A DERMESTID (Dermestes peruvianus) collected for first time in Wisconsin at Madison, Dane County (p. 41); and a COCCID (Aspidiotus britannicus) recorded for first time in Tuolumne County, California GC 40) . Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in some Countries of the Near East and Africa —- 1961: Afghanistan (p. 43), Iran (p. 47), Turkey (p. 49), Ethiopia (p. 50), Republic of the Sudan (p. 52) and Libya (p. 55), . Status of the European Corn Borer in Massachusetts in 1961. The average number of borers per 100 plants, based on the fall survey, was 142.3. (p. 37). Insects not Known to Occur in the United States - Vesperos (Vesperus spp.). (pp. 57-58). FOR I IK ACK Reports in this issue are for week ending January 19 unless otherwise indicated. = 36 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 22 Unusually cold weather persisted for the second consecutive week east of the Rockies, and overspread most of the Far West late in the period. The week was much warmer than last week in the South and Southeast, but was still generally 3° to 6° colder than normal. This week was as much as 30° colder than normal in the northern Great Plains and colder than last week in all northern areas, Weekly averages were as much as 10° to 15° below zero in extreme north central areas. Some of the lowest temperatures reported during the week by the various states are as follows: North Dakota, -40°; Minnesota, -42°; Wisconsin, -38°; South Dakota, -33°; Wyoming and Colorado, -30°; Nebraska, -34°; Kansas, -18°; Oklahoma, -4°; Iowa, -—26°; Michigan, -24°; Maine, -18°; Washington State, -17°. At the Minneapolis-St. Paul Weather Bureau Airport, the temperature remained at or below zero for 108 consecutive hours. The longest such period of record there was 186 hours in January 1912; the second longest, 143 hours in 1936. Freezing extended to parts of the central Gulf coast early in the period and southward along the Pacific coast to central California over the weekend. Precipitation, mostly snow, except in extreme southern areas, generally exceeded 0.50 inch from the Ohio and lower Mississippi Valleys to the Atlantic coast, and in many sections of the Far West. Most precipitation in the Northeast fell at the beginning of the week, although there was light snow over the weekend. In the Far West, the heaviest precipitation fell during the latter part of the week during the passage of a vigorous and extensive storm. In California, the storm increased the mountain snowpack by 10 to 30 inches, produced 2 to 3 inches of precipitation along the north coast, and was accompanied by winds of 40 to 60 m.p.h,. Also, San Francisco, California, received its first measurable snowfall in many years during the storm, All the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountains received significant snowfall from this storm. In Montana, drifting snow blocked several major highways. At the end of the period, an inch or more of snow covered the ground as far south as southern portions of Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and Utah, A snow cover in San Francisco, California, and vicinity ranged from a trace up to 2 inches, (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = Sef" = CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS Status of European Corn Borer in Massachusetts in 1961 The following is a summary of the 1961 fall European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) survey conducted in 7 counties in the State by the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Division. (P. C. Kuzmiski). Average per- Average Number cent plants Borers per County Acreage infested 100 plants Bristol 30.0 71 275 Essex 9.25 56 190 Hampden 2.0 23 52 Hampshire 4.0 54 144 Middlesex 52.25 53.6 117.9 Norfolk Beis) 58.3 100.8 Plymouth 50.0 43.5 116.4 Total 151.50 359.4 996.1 Average 21.64 51.3 142.3 GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Cold weather apparently reduced popu- lations previously reported as locally damaging in few west central and north- eastern counties. Survey showed pest present in Taylor, Jones, Stonewall, Kent, Dickens and Crosby Counties. Heaviest population found in Dickens County, with 10 per linear foot present. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations remain below economic levels throughout State, due to severe cold and icy conditions. Infestations difficult to locate in fields checked in Garvin, McClain, Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties, especially on late-planted or grazed fields. Low counts also noted in Mayes, Wagoner, Muskogee, Tillman, Jackson and Blaine Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Very low populations observed in some fields with lush growth in south central, southwest and east central areas. (Okla. Coop Sur.). APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Populations, probably Rhopalosiphum maidis, building up in fields of barley in Chaves and Eddy Counties. CN M. Coop. Rpt.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - No reports of damage or of increased infestations received. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Only light, scattered populations found on wheat in New Castle area of McClain County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Infestations are very low in alfalfa statewide. Ariz. Coop. Sur:). OKLAHOMA - Checks in newly planted and overwintering alfalfa were negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OKLAHOMA - Checks in newly planted and overwintering alfalfa were negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-January 1962 - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 58 percent of groves (norm 69 percent); 38 per- cent economic (norm 45 percent). Statewide population has dropped to moderate level and little change is expected. Mites will be more numerous on leaves than on fruit. All districts will continue to have some heavy infestations. Highest districts are Bartow, west coast and Brooksville. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 30 percent of groves (norm 59 percent); 8 percent economic (norm 31 percent). Recent cold weather has dropped population to lowest January level mS) on record. Population will continue in low range. Highest districts are west coast and Brooksville. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 25 percent of groves; 6 percent economic. Population will drop to very low range in all districts and will remain low. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 80 percent of groves; 12 percent economic. Infestations will become lighter in most areas and very few are expected to be important. Highest district is ridge. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 53 percent of groves (norm 54 percent); 7 percent economic (morm 8 percent). Population will continue to be very iow through February. Few, if any, infestations will be important. Highest districts are ridge and Indian River. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) continues to be above average abundance but will not be a problem within the next month. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - None taken in routine trapping. Trapping in northern portion of State revealed no insects of any type. Traps operated in central area caught few insects, while traps in southern part of State continue to lure average number of miscellaneous insects for season. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MEXICO - In states of Chiapas, Sinaloa and Sonora, 1,553 traps were in service at close of December; all trap inspections were negative. (PPC, Mex. Reg.). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Trapping was negative during harvesting of 1961-1962 citrus crop, although numerous other species of Anastrepha were collected. First adult A. ludens of the season, a nongravid female, was trapped in Hidalgo County on December 6, about 2 weeks earlier than first find of last season. (PPC, So. Reg.). CALIFORNIA - Trapping activities were continued in San Diego County during December, with negative results. Larval inspections of orange, guava avocado, pear and pomegranate made on 6 properties were also negative. (PPC, West. Reg.). MEXICO - In states of Baja California and Sonora, 5,298 inspections were made of 1,509 traps located on 749 properties. No A. ludens were taken. In Municipio Hermosillo, Sonora, 55 fallen host fruits were inspected on one property, with no larvae found. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Dec. Rpt.). A FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha interrupta) - FLORIDA - Collected January 10 in 2 separate McPhail traps in grapefruit trees at Homestead, Dade County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).. CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone: In state of Tamaulipas, 42,037 citrus trees were inspected on 27 properties in municipios Hidalgo, Guemes, Padilla and Ciudad Victoria with 4,258 trees found infested on 25 properties. Reports indicate good, general, biological control. The pest is now under commercial control in 26 of 36 properties reporting from Campeche in November and December. A total of 105,000 parasites (Prospaltella opulenta) were released during December. Chemical Control Zone: In state of Nuevo Leon, 2 heavy infestations were found during December. The first, located about 6 air miles southwest of Linares, consists of 11 trees heavily infested and an unknown number of surrounding trees lightly infested. Infestation has not been delimited. This infestation was found to be parasitized with Amitus hesperidum. The other heavy infestation is in Municipio Montemorelos, near Municipio Allende. Focal point consists of 20-30 heavily infested trees with 1,000 or more lightly infested trees in same grove. This infestation has not been delimited. (PPC, Mex. Reg.). CITRUS ROOT WEEVIL (Pachnaeus litus) - FLORIDA - This species and another weevil, Artipus floridanus, moderate on Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) at Tavernier, Monroe County, on Florida Keys, December 15, 1961. Although infestation was moderate, all of 50 trees inspected were infested and nurseryman requested control recommendations. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). YUMA SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus ensis) - ARIZONA - Light infestations present in some citrus groves in Yuma County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). =I30Ne TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light on cabbage in Colquitt and Thomas Counties. Johnson GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue medium to heavy on sugar beets and other crops in central and southwest areas. (Ariz. Coop Sur.). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Light on one acre of sweetpotatoes at Citra, Marion County, January 10. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Larvae light on okra at High Springs, Alachua County, January 5. (Fla. Coop. Sur.) AN OLETHREUTID (Crocidosema plebeiana) - FLORIDA - Larvae light on 2 acres of okra at High Springs, Alachua County, on January 5, and on 16 acres of same crop at Citra, Marion County, on January 9. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A LEAF ROLLER (Platyonta sp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae light on okra at Citra, Marion County, January 9. Fla. Coop. Sur.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Survey conducted on 2-acre patch of okra in Alachua County and 6 fields, comprising 67 acres, in Marion County. Total of 2,500 pods inspected with negative results. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO INSECTS VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in the plant bed in Colquitt, Thomas, Cook, Berrien, Irwin and Coffee Counties. (Johnson). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Lint cleaner inspections in Comanche, Cotton and Tillman Counties positive, but only light numbers were found. Inspections in Logan and Payne Counties were negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Determination of specimens from hibiscus blooms during last reporting period revealed one positive determination from Plantation Yacht Harbor. An attempt will be made to treat these plants in near future. No hibiscus blooms inspected in Florida Keys during this period. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). No specimens were recovered in ARKANSAS or LOUISIANA during 1961. (PPC, So. Reg., Dec. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Control operations were conducted in spite of wet ground conditions; 24 spots were controlled during December; 112 spots remained controlled at end of 1961. Cold weather slowed spread to new spots by extension of period required to complete life cycle. Single brood trees with green crowns were infested and bark on upper trunks was pulled off by birds. (Texas For. Pest Com., Dec. Rpt.). WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Ips sp. severely damaging ponderosa pines in many locations over Calaveras County. Over 900 trees killed singly and in groups in an 800-acre stand. (C.Wolfe). A TURPENTINE BEETLE - TEXAS - Control operations against an undetermined species were conducted on the Texas National Forest in Montgomery, Sabine and Walker Counties. (Texas For. Pest Com., Dec. Rpt.). - 40 - MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - CALIFORNIA - Several additional infestations varying light to heavy on albizzia trees on several properties and a city park in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN APHID (Myzocallis pasaniae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on tanbark-oak in Pasadena, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Medium larval infestations occurring on camellia leaves in Crescent City, Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on leaves of Cineraria sp. in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Coccids in Florida - Diaspis boisduvalii infested 10-20 percent of 200 young Chinese fanpalms (Livistona chinensis) at Winter Haven, Polk County (Jan. 2), and 300 orchid plants were quarantined for a 75-percent infestation at Orlando, Orange County (Jan. 8). Odonaspis penicillata was moderate on bamboo at Largo, Pinellas County (Jan. 2), and a few were found on same host at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County (Dec. 29, 1961). FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) was moderate on fragrant tailgrape (Artabotrys uncinatus) at Homestead, Dade County (Jan. 8), along with BLACK THREAD SCALE Vicchnaanie longirostris) , and was severe on Camellia sp. at Dover Heights, Hillsborough County (Jan. 5). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was light on citrus in a nursery at Auburndale, Polk County (Jan. 4), and severe on few pittosporum at Davie, Broward County (Jan. 3). HEMISPHERICAL SCALE (Saissetia hemisphaerica) was moderate on Selaginella fern at Largo, Pinellas County (Jan. 2), and light on 15 coontie (Zamia floridana) at Eloise, Polk County (Jan. 10). BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) infested one percent of 1,000 falsearalia (Dizygotheca kerchoveana) at Ft. Pierce, Saint Lucie County (Jan. 5), and was light on seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) at Davie, Broward County (Jan. 8). Ceroplastes ceriferus infested 20 percent of 25 podocarpus plants at Eloise, Polk County (Jan. 10), and one percent of 500 plants at De Land, Volusia County (Jan. 4). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) was moderate on 100 Aglaonema sp. plants at Apopka, Orange County (Jan. LL) Phenacaspis cockerelli was light on magnolia nursery stock at Holly Hill, Volusia County (Jan. 8), and on one palm at Homosassa, Citrus County (Jan. 4). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Coccids in California - Infestation of Phenacaspis cockerelli occurred on frangipani (Plumeria sp.) ina nursery property in Rolling Hills, Los Angeles County; subject to eradication treatment. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Jan. 12). Aspidiotus britannicus heavy on Californialaurel in Sonoma, Tuolumne County; a new host and new county records. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MEALYBUGS - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers noted in greenhouse in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A MITE (Epilohmannia sp.) - CALIFORNIA - This mite and nymphs of a phylloxera medium on roots of peashrub (Caragana sp.) in Madera, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Declining slightly in Oklahoma County from mid-December counts; averaged 15 per head on heifers and 4 per head on steers. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Scattered infestations of undetermined species reported from Choctaw, Haskell, Mayes, Stephens and Beaver Counties. Although cold weather has persisted for past 30 days, no damaging populations have been reported. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Controls applied to 3,121 beef cattle at Beaver, Beaver County. Several dairy herds in same county also treated. (Knowlton, Dewsnup). A university herd at Logan heavily infested with 2 species; cattle mpage elsewhere in Cache County rubbing due to infestations. (Haws, Knowlton). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Reported on hogs in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MARYLAND - Heavy adult numbers caused a nuisance in a home at Cumberland, Allegany County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - FLORIDA - Collected in cellulose containing materials at Gainesville, Alachua County, January 16. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. This is first report of species for 1962. Reproductives left nest under heated household conditions January 15.- (Hetrick, Fla. Coop. Sur.). AN EARWIG - GEORGIA - Numbers, probably Labidura riparia, very abundant in homes in Fort Valley, Peach County. (Snapp). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - Heavy numbers occurred in a home at Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - NEW MEXICO - Relatively light larval infestations continue to be found in stored grain checked in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Large numbers of Coleomegilla maculata observed over- wintering at bases of trees in upper Arkansas River Valley area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A DERMESTID (Dermestes peruvianus) - WISCONSIN - Specimens collected December 4, 1961, from bird cages at Genetics Research Laboratory at Madison, Dane County, constitute a new record for the State. Det. by P. Spangler. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Collected in blacklight traps at check points in Miami, Dade County, as late as December 29, 1961. Adult population appears to be at low level, as indicated by fact only 11 specimens were collected during December. However, above date is latest during past 3 years. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Trogoxylon aequale) - CALIFORNIA - Infested imported bamboo basket. Infestation spread into hardwood floor in home at Fair Oaks, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A YELLOW JACKET (Vespula pensylvanica) - CALIFORNIA - Large, active colony in soil in West Los Angeles, Los Angeles County. Although temperature has ranged 32-75 degrees, colony is as active as would be expected in midsummer. (R. E Wagner). STONEFLIES - ARKANSAS - Specimens collected in northwest recently and reported week ending January 6 have been determined as Allocapnia rickeri, A. granulata and a species which is probably new and is widespread throughout the Ozarks. Det. by H. H. Ross. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). BY CORRECTION CEIR 12(2):20 - A WALKINGSTICK (Anisomorpha ferruginea) - ARKANSAS - Should read, found in small numbers during fall outbreak in Polk County. Principal species involved was Diapheromera femorata, as reported in CEIR 11(47):1058. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Argot, Feltia Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Trich. Helio. unip. ips. subterr. ornith. saucia frug. ni zea SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 1/8-14 1 3 1 TEXAS Brownsville 12/1/61- 1/5/62 79 65 113 27 196 150 22 15 Additional Light Trap Collections - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MAINE - Late season activity in 1961 was indicated by adults captured in blacklight traps operated for winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Data are tabulated below. (A. E. Brower). Locality Date Male Female Farmingdale Nov. 20 1 Camden Noy. 4 4 7 2 6 8 1 14 2 Surry Oct. 30 1 Nov. 4 1 5 a 14 2 Bar Harbor Nov. 7 1 Cherryfield Nov. 15 1 Dennysville Nov. 6 2 West Pembroke Nov. 6 2 = 43.-= SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE NEAR EAST AND AFRICA 1961 The six summaries of insect conditions that follow have been submitted in the 1961 Annual Report of the Regional Insect Control Project, with headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon. The first attempt to present information on the more important insect pests of the Near East in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report was made in 1955 following a request from the survey committee of the Entomological Society of America. For the benefit of CEIR readers, it may be well to point out that the Regional Insect Control Project is a cooperative program operated by the Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, in accordance with an agreement signed on February 18, 1954, between the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the International Cooperation Administration. At the present time, a staff of nine entomologists are stationed in seven countries working with the personnel of the U. S. Operations Missions and Ministries of Agriculture. The work of these entomologists is designed to fulfill commitments to the host countries, with respect to the evaluation of locust problems, the demonstration of control practices, development of insect surveys and the training of nationals in methods, procedures and the organization of applied entomology and plant quar- antine work. During the last few years the Ministries of Agriculture have ~ strengthened their Plant Protection organizations. Insect survey operations have been strengthened through the assignment of Joseph W. Gentry as survey specialist to the project headquarters in Beirut. Mr. Gentry has kindly reviewed and edited the 1961 summaries. An increased effort has been made to collect, identify and record pest species of economic importance, Firsthand information on foreign pests should serve to familiarize the entomologist and the pesticide industry of the United States with the major pests in the areas reported on. It should lead to better understanding and mutual interest in the entomological problems common to the United States and other nations. (Edson J. Hambleton, Assistant to the Director (Foreign Technical Programs), Plant Pest Control Division, ARS, USDA, Washington 25, D. C.). Summary of Insect Conditions in Afghanistan Prepared by E. R. Millet This summary is based on an almost countrywide survey made in Afghanistan during the spring, summer and autumn of 1961. Of 302 collections submitted to the U. S. Department of Agriculture for determination, 232 returns had been received to December 1. Almost all of the species mentioned in this summary are based on these returns. The writer is indebted to, .and wishes to thank, the taxonomists in the U. S. National Museum, whose cooperation made these determinations possible. A list of the determinations is available from the Beirut RICP office. Cereal and Forage Insects: A WEEVIL LARVA (Hypera sp., close to H. postica and H. brunneipennis) caused moderate damage to alfalfa at Mazar-i-Sharif and Kabul. SENN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) and a PENTATOMID (Aelia melanota) were light in the Qaisar and Maimana areas (less than 5 per square meter) and damage did not merit control. Specimens of Eurygaster sent to Germany by Afghan Plant Protection officials were identified as EH. integriceps with a complex of 3 sub- Species; straminea, testacea and plagiata. Other insects collected from wheat = 440 = included: a MIRID (Lygus gemellatus) , PENTATOMIDS (Dolycoris penicillatus, Holcogaster sp., Stiraspis nigricornis, D. baccarum, Eurydema maracandiun, E.ornata, E. pulchrum, Carpocoris purpureipennis) and a PHRRHOCHORID (Pyrrhocoris apterus). _ It should be noted that wheat fields contained many wild plants, especially cru- cifers. A THRIPS (Haplothrips tritici) was numerous in the heads of wheat in the Helmand Valley and Kabul area during the summer. WEEVIL damage to alfalfa was light throughout Afghanistan this year. STALK BORERS (near or Chilo zonellus) were very heavy in corn at Jalalabad. Two BORERS, one probably Argyria sticti- craspis in the stem, and the other, probably Emmalocera depressella in the roots, infested 25 percent of sugarcane at Jalalabad. A medium infestation of APHIDS (Macrosiphum granarium, Sipha agropyrella and Cavahyalopterus noxius) were found in wheat fields at Paghman. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was numerous but not damaging in ripened wheat near Kabul; also observed on young corn, BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused damage to alfalfa at Lashkar Gah. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) was prevalent on alfalfa at several loca- tions. Other APHIDS (Therioaphis riehmi and Aphis craccivora) were collected from sweetclover and alfalfa in the Helmand Valley. MIRIDS collected from alfalfa were: Deraeocoris punctulatus at Kabul and Jalalabad, Adelphocoris lineolatus at Kabul, Stenodema laevigatum at Bamian, and Lygus gemellatus at Kabul. These were taken in sweepings. A mixture of LEAFHOPPERS (Macrosteles sp. and Erythroneura sp.) were heavy and doing medium damage to young corn in the Logar Valley. Locusts: As far as known there was no DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) in Afghanistan during 1961. An ITALIAN LOCUST (Calliptamus Sp.) and MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus moroccanus) were not heavy in the northern provinces and the con- trol campaign by the Soviets lasted only two weeks. A LOCAL GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus sp., senegalensis or near) was noted in wheat at Farah in May and was found completely stripping leaves from wheat near Kandahar. Calliptamus barbarus and Dociostaurus sp. were noted in the desert area near Jalalabad in June and control against these species in crops was applied at Mimlah. Acrida sp., appar- ently a subspecies of pellucida or near, appeared to cause heavy damage to small pepper plants in the Helmand Valley. Sphingonotus carinatus was collected in a desert area near Mokur. Chrotogonus trachypterus was numerous and caused consid- erable damage to vegetables in Lashkar Gah. EGYPTIAN TREE GRASSHOPPER (Anacridium aegyptium) was observed at Lashkar Gah and Jalalabad. Pyrgomorpha sp., probably conica, nymphs were found attacking potatoes in the Logar Valley. Fruit Insects: A PIERID (Aporia crataegi) was light on apricots in Mazar-i-Sharif Province in April and apples at Sar-i-Pal. APHIDS are probably the most wide- spread and common pest found on fruit trees in Afghanistan. A large, dark purple APHID (Pterochlorus persicae) was extremely heavy and damaging on peach limbs at Coriz-i-Mir, sometimes covering the entire limb for several inches, MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) was heavy on apricots and almonds in Mazar-i-Sharif and Shebarghan Provinces and other areas, Other aphids identified from fruit included Anuraphis helichrysi from almond, and Aphis pomi and Anuraphis mali from apple. A. mali caused curling of pear leaves, PEAR PSYLLA (Psylila pyricola) and an APHID (Anuraphis sp.) were found on pears at Sari-i-Pul. Psylla sp. was damaging to pears in Kabul during the summer, ERMINE MOTH (Hyponomeuta padella) ' was heavy on apples, apricots and almonds around Maimana. This pest is also widespread in the Kandahar, Gazni, Paghman, and Kabul areas and causes consider- able damage to fruits every year. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) occurs wherever apples are grown in Afghanistan, and with practically no control pro- grams, causes an estimated 35-50 percent damage annually. A GALL-FORMING HYMENOPTERON, yet undetermined, was found causing exceedingly heavy damage to peach through abnormal growth and rosetting of buds, at Coriz-i-Mir. A BUPRESTID (Capnodis carbonarius) was collected on almond between Gazni and Kalat. WHITE GRUBS caused considerable damage to young apple and pear seedlings near Kabul in September, A light infestation of a FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) was oa AR Oo observed on apple leaves in Kabul in June. A VESPID (Vespula germanica) and ORIENTAL HORNET (Vespa orientalis) were numerous in Afghanistan and caused damage to grapes and cherries at Kabul and Lashkar Gah. The writer was stung on the leg by V. orientalis and the sting was painful for several days and left a sore for two weeks. A COCCID (Lecanium turanicum tentative) was moderate on apple branches at Sar-i-Pul and very heavy on plum at Maimana. Another COCCID (L. unifasciatum tentative) was heavy on peach limbs in Kabul. PARLATORIA DATE SCALE (Parlatoria blanchardi) was light on date palm in Laghman. Vegetable and Truck Crop Insects: Cabbage, lettuce and onions were apparently free of insects in the Jalalabad area in March. Gardens were heavily infested with APHIDS in the Helmand Valley, especially Aphis fabae, on beets and Brevicoryne brassicae on cabbage and mustard, CUTWORMS (Agrotis sp.) and WIRE- WORMS were reported on sugar beets in Kataghan Province, An ARCTIID was found doing heavy damage to cucurbits at Mazar-i-Sharif. RED PUMPKIN BEETLE (Raphido- palpa foveicollis) caused heavy damage to melons near Herat in May and was observed in the Helmand Valley in July. MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae) caused almost 100 percent damage to melons and cucumbers at Sarobi and Jalalabad in July. The BALUCHISTAN MELON FLY (Myiopardalis pardalina) was extremely damaging to all melons in the Helmand Valley, attacking as high as 65 percent of the fruit in some fields and with as many as 50 to 100 maggots per melon. A small, black melon WEEVIL (Baris sp., prob. granulipennis) was also found attacking 5 to 10 per- cent of melons, particularly watermelons, with as many as 50 or more larvae in one fruit, The TWELVE-SPOTTED MELON BEETLE (Epilachna chrysomelina) caused only nominal damage to melons and cucurbits in the Helmand Valley and at Maimana. A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) caused some damage to melons, but only about 5 per leaf were found. A PENTATOMID (Eurydema ornata) was heavy on crucifers in the Kabul and Logar Valley areas. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) and Aphis sp. were medium on tobacco at Jalalabad; MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was also medium on okra at Jalalabad. A THRIPS (Haplothrips tritici) was collected on oats and crucifers at Bamian. A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp., probably kanzawai) was taken from melons at Laghman, Heavy populations of LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca decipiens and E. decedens) were indicated by sweeps in sugar beets at Kandahar. LEAFHOPPERS (Macrosteles sp. and Empoasca sp.) were prevalent in potatoes in the Logar Valley. A CABBAGEWORM (Pieris brassicae) was collected on wild cruci- fers at the Shebar Pass and adults were often numerous elsewhere. A TOMATO FRUIT- WORM (Heliothis sp.) attacked tomatoes near Jalalabad. A PENTATOMID (Eurydema ornata) was numerous and a LYGUS BUG (Lygus gemellatus) was also collected on radishes in the Logar Valley. A COREID (Liorhyssus hyalinus) was found in the seed heads of tobacco at Jalalabad. A CRICKET (Gryllus desertus) was numerous in a garden south of Maimana, Two species of MOLE CRICKETS (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa and G. africana) were collected under lights and in a garden in Kabul. One of the most interesting collections in Afghanistan this year was of an ORTHOPTERON (Schizodactylus monstrosus) of the family Schizodactylidae,. This peculiar family is not clearly either in the grylloid or gryllaeridoid group. The insect makes burrows and is sometimes harmful either to plant roots or irrigation canals or dams. Citrus Insects: CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) and YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) were found heavy in some citrus groves at Jalalabad and Laghman in March. CITRUS PSYLLA (Diaphorina citri) was extremely heavy at Laghman and Jalalabad in March, June and September; as many as 200 adults per leaf. CUTWORMS damaged newly planted citrus seedlings at Abdul Khail. A LEPIDOPTEROUS LEAF MINER (probably Phyllocnistis citrella) was found in orange seedlings at Jalalabad in July and were again numerous in mid-September. A SPIDER MITE (Eutetranychus orientalis) was collected from citrus at Jalalabad in July. AGi= Cotton Insects; CUTWORMS (Agrotis sp.) and MITES were reported the main problems in cotton in Mazar-i-Sharif Province. SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana) was very light on cotton in the Helmand Valley, but infestations reached 100 percent in patches around Jalalabad. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus sp.) were observed on cotton in the Helmand Valley, but only about 1 or 2 per leaf. A WHITEFLY (probably Bemisia sp.) was very heavy in this area in September, with as many as several hundred per leaf. PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) occurred in the Jalalabad area this year, but the infestation was not heavy.LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca decipiens and E. decedens) were heavy in cotton at Kandahar. ar nae le Forest and Shade Tree Insects: APHIDS (Eulachnus sp.) were numerous on pines in the Helmand Valley in March and in Kabul in June. A CHRYSOMELID (Plagiodera versicolora) was heavy, both larvae and adults, on willow leaves at Sar-i-Pul and Maimana., A COCCID (Adiscodiaspis tamaricicola)was exceedingly heavy, almost covering the trunks of tamarisk trees, at a government nursery at Darweshan. APHIDS (Chromaphis juglandicola and Callipterus juglandis) were collected on walnut at Paghman. A LACE BUG (Monosteira discoidalis) caused considerable damage to willow and poplar leaves in the Kabul area, TERMITES (Microcerotermes sp., probably gabrielis) caused heavy damage to roots of young redbud in the government nursery at Kabul. APHIDS (Therioaphis sp.) were exceedingly heavy on all elm trees in Kabul, producing large amounts of honeydew. BORERS (Aeoles-— thes sarta and Capnodis cariosa) have killed about 25 percent of the elm trees along streets in Kabul; willows and poplars were also heavily attacked in wind- breaks and commercial stands. COCCIDS - Eriococcus salicis (tentative) was moderate on willow limbs in Kabul and Leucaspis sp. was heavy and serious on white pine at Paghman. An APHID (Aphis craccivora) was quite heavy on locust trees throughout Kabul. A GIANT MEALYBUG (Drosicha media tentative) and a small BUPRESTID (Melanophila picta) were collected from willow. Some other insects identified from poplar included an APHID (possibly Chaitophorus populi) in Kabul, a HORNWORM (near or Cerura vinula intermedia) at Paghman, and a COCCID (Aspidiotus armeniacus) on trunk of silver poplar at Paghman, Ornamental Insects: THRIPS (Taeniothrips sp., probably undescribed) were numerous in roses at Mazar—i-Sharif, and nymphs of a LEAFHOPPER (probably Edwardsiana rosae) were heavy on roses at Sar-i-Pul, A WHITEFLY (Bulgarialeurodes cotesii) was heavy and damaging on roses in Kabul. APHIDS collected on ornamentals included Aphis gossypii, medium on mint and heavy on zinnia,and Anuraphis sp. heavy on cosmos at Lashkar Gah; Macrosiphoniella sanborni,; heavy on chrysan- themums at Kandahar; and Macrosiphum rosae, on roses in Kabul. SOFT BROWN SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) was collected from ivy plants in a greenhouse in Nadi-Ali in March. A SPRINGTAIL (Onychiurus fimetarius) was collected from the soil surface of potted geranium plants in Kabul and another SPRINGTAIL (Deuterosminthurus repandus) was found numerous on a lawn of clover and Bermuda grass at Paghman, CICADELLIDS (Erythroneura sp. and Empoasca sp.) damaged castorbeans at Kandahar. A CYNIPID (Diplolepis sp.) was found forming galls on roses at Shebar Pass. A NOCTUID (Heliothis sp.) destroyed buds of carnations at Paghman. Light infesta- tions of HEMISPHERICAL SCALE (Saissetia hemisphaerica) were observed on potted boxwood plants at Paghman. A TINGID (Cystochila delineatus) was moderate on ornamental Papillionaceae at Jalalabad. BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus) severely attacked seedpods of Scotchbroom at Kabul. Stored Grain Pests: Several stored-grain warehouses in Kabul and the surrounding communities were inspected during the summer, Specimens of the following were collected and identified: KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) , another DERMESTID (Attagenus piceus), a PYRALID (Aglossa pinguinalis) , TENEBRIONIDS (near Pedinus sp., Alphitobius laevigatus and Tribolium castaneum) and an unusual COCKROACH (probably Polyphaga sp.), which is usually not a pest, but was numerous at the time of examination, A Ties Beneficial Insects: The following COCCINELLIDS were collected from sweepings in alfalfa at Kabul: Adonia variegata, Coccinella septempunctata, C. undecimpunctata, Synharmonia conglobata buphthalmus, An ICHNEUMONID (Ophion sp.) was found numerous under light at night on walls and screens at Kandahar. A BRACONID (Parahormius jason) was numerous in citrus groves at Jalalabad in March, as was also an ENCYRTID (Zeteticontus sp.). A COCCINELLID (Halyzia tschitscherini) was collec= ted from walnut infested with aphids. DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis ferus and N. capsifor-— mis) were collected from alfalfa sweeping: at Kabul and in the Logar Valley. A TLACEWING (Chrysopa carnea) was numerous in Persian clover. A BRACONID (Apanteles glomeratus) was found, apparently associated with Aporia crataegi, on apple at Sar—i-Pul. Miscellaneous Insects: An APHID (Acyrthosiphon sp., probably mordvilkoa) was very heavy on flax, 100 per sweep, in-Logar Valley. MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) was heavy on reeds in same area. APHIDS were collected and identified on many wild and miscellaneous plants as follows: Anuraphis sp. probably tulipae, on wild iris; Anuraphis cardui on thistle; Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae on hollyhock; Aphis fabae on nightshade; and Aphis rumicis on dock. LEAF-CURLING ANTS (Polyrhachis Sp.) were observed on pear leaves at Jalalabad. Two PENTATOMIDS (Schizops ae tiaca and Odontotarsus freyi) were collected in grass at Lashkar Gah.An EARWIG (Labidura riparia) waS common at both Lashkar Gah and Kabul. BAGWORMS (near or Amicta sp.) were found heavy on camelthorn in the desert area near Jalalabad. A NYMPHALID (near or Vanessa cardui) was light on thistle and hollyhock near Paghman, A MITE (Tetranychus sp.) was medium on hollyhock at Kabul. Man, Animal, Household Insects: Five species of HORSE FLIES were collected at Paghman: Atylotus sp., near agrestis; Tabanus cordiger;, T. leleani; T. bromius; Tabanus sp., near miki. PSYCHODIDS (Psychoda alternata) were collected on the toilet walls of the hotel in Mazar-i-Sharif, A SIMULIID (Simulium (Wilhelmia) sp., perhaps aretjanae) was also collected at Kabul. A LOUSE FLY (Hippobosca longipennis) was observed as very heavy and annoying to dogs at Lashkar Gah and Kabul. An unusual and large PILLBUG, unidentified, was observed very numerous in the Logar Valley. A TERMITE (Microcerotermes sp.) was very heavy in roof timbers of mud houses in the Helmand Valley. The same species damaged card=— board boxes of medical supplies in a hospital storeroom at Lashkar Gah, MOSQUITOES (Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) were quite annoy- ing in Jalalabad. COCKROACHES (Shelfordella sp.) were numerous in houses in Kabul, but the species apparently does not breed inside houses. BEDBUG (Cimex lectularis) , which is quite common in homes of the poorer classes in towns and villages, brought complaints from several American homes in Kabul this year. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) did not appear numerous in Kabul, but was heavy and annoying in bazaars and villages. Summary of Insect Conditions in Iran Prepared by G. T. Brooks and G. Farahbakhsh Cereal and Forage Insects: DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) infestations occurred in the spring in three provinces of southern Iran; Khuzestan, Fars and Kerman. In the fall of the year, light swarms were reported in Baluchistan and Fars. Damage was generally light. MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus moroccanus) infestations were limited to light outbreaks in Gorgan and heavy infestations in the Moghan Plains. NATIVE GRASSHOPPERS (Calliptamus spp. and Dociostaurus spp.) were generally distributed throughout the country. SENN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) was heavy in the Tehran, Isfahan and Lorestan areas, and some other pentatomids of the genus Aelia were heavy in Azerbaijan Province. Controls - 48 - were applied to over 50,000 hectares against senn pest alone. DURRA STALK BORER (Sesamia cretica) caused heavy damage to sugarcane in Khuzestan and attacked corn and sorghum in the Caspian Sea area. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was serious on alfalfa at Karaj. Heavy infestations of CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) were limited to corn in the area around the Caspian Sea and a MARGARODID (Porphy- rophora tritici) caused severe damage to wheat in Hamadan and Arbodil. Deciduous Fruit and Olive Insects: BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) reached heavy proportions in the olive-growing area of Rudbar, and OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae)was heavy and Chionaspis asiatica medium to heavy in the Karaj and Tehran deciduous fruit-growing areas. Infestations of OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) were heavy and outbreaks of PEAR LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyri) occurred on apples in the Tehran area. OLIVE PSYLLID (Euphyllura olivina) caused only light damage to olives at Rudbar. ERMINE MOTH (Hyponomeuta padella) was severe on cherry, apple and almond trees about Hamadan, and WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) was medium to heavy in the Caspian Sea and Tehran areas. Sporadic infestations of GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) occurred throughout the deciduous fruit-growing area, reaching heavy proportions at some places. MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) severely infested young almond trees in Semnan, and Pterochlorus persicae caused heavy damage to apricot and peach in Hamadan and Semnan. Anuraphis sp. also caused severe leaf curl on peach trees in Damavand, Semnan and Hamadan, Infestations of LEOPARD MOTH (Zeuzera pyrina) were heavy on apples around Tehran, but infestations of a FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) were light at Damavand on apples and at Hamadan on cherry. Citrus Insects: Heavy infestations of CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) were present throughout the Caspian Sea citrus-growing area except at Gorgan. In the citrus area of the South (Khuzistan, Fars and Kerman Provinces), medium infestations of Eutetranychus orientalis developed. Heavy outbreaks of the following coccids occurred in the Caspian Sea citrus-growing area: CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) at Ramsar; YELLOW SCALE (A. citrina) at Babolsar, Babol, Amul and Lahijan; BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) at Khoramabad, Pahlavi and Ramsar; and COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya urchasi) in scattered areas. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) , CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) and BLACK PARLATORIA SCALE (P. Zizyphus) were of major economic importance throughout the area. Heavy infestations of GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus mari- timus) were limited to Pahlavi, Ramsar and Lahijan. Truck Crop Insects: CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) severely attacked cabbage throughout Iran, and infestations of an ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya sp.) reached heavy proportions on garlic at Hamadan and Ahwaz. Infestations of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) continued light in 1961, but infestations of a SUGAR-BEET CROWN BORER (Gnorimoschema ocellatella) were severe throughout Iran. Forest, Shade Tree and Ornamental Insects: Heavy infestations of ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) occurred on elm throughout the country, and a CHRYSOMELID (Melasoma populi) caused serious damage to poplar at Tehran and Karaj. A BUPRESTID (Me lanophila sp.) was found infesting Populus nigra at Borjerd, Infestations of BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) were heavy on oleander at Babolsar, and EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) caused heavy damage to elm at Karaj and Tehran, Infestations of a WHITEFLY (Siphoninus granati) were heavy, as in 1960, on ash in Tehran. PEAR LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyri) and ALMOND BUG (Monosteira unicostata) were respectively found infesting Chaenomeles japonica at Chalus and Populus canescens at Nowshahr, APHIDS (Pemphigus spp. attacked poplar, and heavy infestations of CHRYSANTHEMUM APHID (Macrosiphoniella Sanborni) were found on chrysanthemums throughout Iran. An APHID (Eriosoma BVrAQy en lanuginosum) was severe on elm throughout the country, as well as ROSE APHID Macrosiphum rosae) on rose. The APHID (Myzus certus) caused severe leaf curl to pansy plantings, as in 1960, at Tehran, and another APHID (Lachnus salignus) was reported causing limited damage to willow at Rezaiyeh. Beneficial Insects: Approximately 65 million SENN PEST PARASITES (Microphanurus Semistriatus) were reared and released in senn pest-infested fields at Isfahan. For control of the cottony-cushion scale in the Caspian Sea area, VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) was reared and distributed. In the Rudbar and Ramsar area, it has not been determined whether the ENCYRTID PARASITE (Aphycus helvolus) , released for the control of black scale, has become established, A fungus (Cephalosporium lecanii) continued to effectively control Pulvinaria floccifera in the Caspian Sea area. Summary of Insect Conditions in Turkey Prepared by F. M. Philips Cereal and Forage Insects: DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) , ITALIAN LOCUST (Calliptamus italicus) and MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus moroccanus) were repor- tedly light to nonexistent in 1961 in southeastern Turkey. SENN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) was reported as generally light to moderate in wheat in the eastern Anatolian Plains, but infestations did not generally warrant control during the year. Other PENTATOMIDS (Aelia spp.) were heavy enough to require control on about 38,000 hectares of small grains. An ARMYWORM (Prodenia sp.) , EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) and a CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) were heavy in the Adana Plains area. A CUTWORM (Agrotis sp.) caused moderate damage to grain crops in the Black Sea area. Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) caused heavy damage in the Konya area and light to moderate damage in the Bursa-Gemlik area. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) infestations in citrus crops were reportedly about 15 percent on the Mediterranean coast. A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) caused ligut to moderate damage in the Konya, Bursa and Istanbul areas. Two COCCIDS caused some damage to citrus in the Adana Plains area. A HYPONOMEUTID (Hypono- meuta sp.) reportedly caused light damage in most fruit-growing areas of Turkey. OLIVE FRUIT FLY (Dacus oleae) and an OLIVE FRUIT MOTH (Prays sp.) were heavy on olives in the Bursa area. Light populations of PEAR LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyri) * were noted on apple at Edine in May. Cotton Insects: SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana) was reported as light on cotton in the Adana Plains area, PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) reportely caused 4 to 5 percent damage to cotton along the Mediterranean coast. A BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) caused some localized heavy damage to the cotton crop in the Adana Plains area, Miscellaneous Insects: A COCCID (Pulvinaria sp.) caused moderate damage on tea in the Black Sea area. THRIPS were moderate to heavy on tobacco along the Black Sea coast. Two COCCIDS (Aonidia lauri and Coccus hesperidum)* were very heavy and damaging to ornamental Laurus trees in Istanbul. APHIDS were heavy on most truck crops in Adana, Izmir and Istanbul areas, * Identified by specialists in the U. S. National Museum - 50 - Summary of Insect Conditions in Ethiopia Prepared by W. C. Kurtz #4 Cereal and Forage Insects: The DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) infestation in June was considered by the British Desert Locust Survey as the heaviest since 1954. This was centered in the Railway area between Awash and Dire Dawa, with escapes moving eastward toward the Somali Republic. The summer season in north- ern Ethiopia was light for desert locust and Ministry ground control was reported as effective. NUTGRASS ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exempta) * was again heavy in 1961 in the central and western areas of the country, causing widespread damage to small grains, principally teff (Eragrostis abyssinica). MAIZE STALK BORER (Busseola fusca?) * is widely distributed and was of major importance on sorghum and corn, being found in older stalks of sorghum near the head; also in stalks and ears of corn, Stalk and ear infestations of 10 to 50 percent were common. In young sorghum, a borer, possibly the same species, was found throughout the stalk. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was common but not damaging. At Jimma, heavy infestations of PLANTHOPPERS were found in experimental soybeans. MIRIDS (Proboscidocoris punctaticollis?, Polymerus sp.? and Deraeocoris tibealis) * were also found in these soybeans. A PENTATOMID (Agonoscelis versicolor) * was reported heavy on sorghum in western Eritrea. Fruit and Nut Insects: BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) and COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) are generally distributed throughout Ethiopia on citrus. Many orchards have been made unproductive by severe infestations of coccids, particularly the aforementioned species. Efforts are being made to introduce VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) as a control measure against I. purchasi. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) and CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) were common on citrus at Debre Zeit and Nazareth. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) was damaging to citrus at Jimma. BLACK PARLATORIA SCALE (Parlatoria zizyphus)* was the outstanding pest and required controls in some citrus orchards in Eritrea. A light infestation of this scale was also found at Wuchale, near Dessie, on citrus. Light infestations of MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) and a FALSE CODLING MOTH (Cryptophlebia leucotreta)* were found in citrus fruits at Wuchale and in Eritrea. At Ghindi, near Asmara, there was a heavy infestation of MITES on citrus, the first such infestation, according to the local entomologist, ever recorded in that area. A PSYLLID (Spanioza erythreae)* caused considerable damage to new leaves of citrus in Debre Zeit and other areas, An ORANGE-DOG (Papilio demoleus demodocus), and probably other species, destroyed foliage on young orange trees in many areas. Damage to citrus terminals by an unspecified LEAF MINER was noted in Eritrea. Annona fruits were heavily infested with STRIPED MEALYBUG (Ferrisia virgata)* at Dire Dawa. Adults of a CALLIPHORID FLY (Chrysomya putoria)* were reported as causing heavy damage to ripe grapes at Nazareth. Although it is doubtful that the flies were causing primary damage, populations were extremely heavy and were a nuisance in the vine- yard as well as in citrus orchards where they were attracted to honeydew of coccids. Light infestations of APHIDS were noted on citrus in Eritrea. Vegetable Insects: At Debre Zeit, a heavy infestation of a SAWFLY (Athalia sp.) * and a CUTWORM (Agrotis sp.)* occurred on cabbage. A NOCTUID (Prodenia litura) was also found on cabbage. A LEAF MINER infested 20 percent of the leaves of sweetpotatoes in experimental plantings. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) was observed at Jimma, but well controlled by a braconid parasite (Diaeretiella rapae)*, Root crops at Jimma had heavy nematode populations. TWELVE-SPOTTED MELON BEETLE (Epilachna chrysomelina) and a CERAMBYCID STEM BORER were causing injury at Dire Dawa to cucurbits. Fava beans suffered some pod damage from # Includes observations by J. W. Gentry. * Identified by specialists in the U. S. National Museum, So. ml So NOCTUID larvae, and BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus) was observed at several locations. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) was heavy on crucifers at Debre Zeit and north of Senafe. Near Senafe, 20 to 40 percent losses were sustained to crucifer transplants by Agrotis sp. on two modern farms. Severe loss was also found on potatoes in storage from POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella). Light infestations of PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) on lentils were noted in several areas. At Robi, eggplant had a heavy infestation of a COCCINELLID (apparently Epilachna hirta). A red ANT caused considerable damage to roots of many vegetables. A moderate infestation of a NOCTUID (presumably Heliothis armigera) was found on peppers near Ambo. Stored-product Insects: Poor storage facilities, lack of chemical control, presence of most of the important grain pests and favorable climatic conditions give rise to devastating infestations of stored-grain insects in Ethiopia. Esti- mates of 50 to 60 percent loss of stored products were obtained. In the Jimma area, it was reported that 2 months after harvest about 85 percent of small grains were infested and corn disappeared from the market by this time because of insect damage. Examination of several lots of new-crop grain and legumes on the Addis Ababa market in October showed the percent infestation to be as follows: Wheat - 0, sorghum - 8, corn — 15, chickpeas - 10. Wheat, corn, lentils and chickpeas in storage for several months at one Jimma location showed infestation of 15 to 100 percent, RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) was the domi- nant species in the grains, and a BEAN BRUCHID (Callosobruchus chinensis) * was the major pest of the legumes, Cotton Insects: A COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus sp.) and a LYGAEID (Oxycarenus sp.?) were found near Waldia, where 75 percent of the open cotton bolls were infested in some fields. In the Gibee River Valley, cotton was heavily infested with a LEAFHOPPER. Previous reports from this area indicated the presence of a WHITEFLY, SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana), STAINERS and a LEAF FEEDER (possibly Heliothis sp.) on cotton. Light infestations of COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) were also found near Waldia. Evidence of BOLLWORM damage near Waldia and at Gibee was noted, but specimens of the insect were not recovered. Heavy infestations of THRIPS were reported from various areas. Coffee Insects: At Jimma, a STINK BUG (Antestia lineaticollis)* was found on coffee, Other coffee insects found were a LEAF MINER, COCCIDS and MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata). The latter feeds on the placenta of the berries, but does not apparently reduce the marketable value of the crop. A heavy infesta- tion of a GREEN SCALE (Coccus sp.) at Harrar caused yield reduction and dieback. In the Jimma coffee area, insects reportedly do anly 6 to 7 percent damage annually. Oil-seed Insects: Ethiopian nigerseed (Guizotia abyssinica) , a composite grown for the oil from the seed, was heavily infested with THRIPS in some areas. Flax was also heavily infested with THRIPS in many fields. Mustard, grown for oil, had light populations of a PENTATOMID (Eurydema sp.) , APHIDS and SAWFLIES. NUT- GRASS ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exempta) was found. on Ethiopian nigerseed near Ambo, but little damage was noted. Shade Tree and Ornamental Insects: COCCIDS, particularly COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) and BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) , were prevalent on ornamentals, OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) and a PSYLLID (Diaphorina sp.)* were serious on ironweed (Vernonia amygdalina) in Addis Ababa. Palms were heavily infested with COCCIDS at Harrar, Hibiscus at Jimma was infested with a LYGAEID (Oxycarenus sp., near lavaterae)*. MEALYBUGS and COCCIDS were common on ornamentals and street trees in Asmara, * Identified by specialists in the U. S. National Museum. - 52 = Summary of Insect Conditions in the Republic of the Sudan Prepared by Arthur Kaatz in cooperation with the Plant Protection Division, Sudan Ministry of Agriculture Cereal and Forage Insects: There are two DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) seasons in the Sudan. The winter season (November through March) in the Red Sea Hills coastal area and the summer season (June through October) in a wide belt across the north central part of the country. Infestations during the winter season were light in the southern part of the country, with numerous swarms spread out in the Port Sudan-Suakin region and scattered swarms from there on north to the northern borders of Sudan. Breeding was fairly heavy along the coast north of Port Sudan, but all hatches were controlled in the "hopper" stage. In the summer season, infestations were relatively light beginning in June in the Northern, Khartoum, Kordofan and Darfur Provinces. More swarms appeared from the northeast in July, with some egg laying in the Northern Province, Only a few swarms appeared during August, but 14 "hopper" hatches were recorded and successfully controlled, Numerous swarm movements were recorded in September, with some scattered egg laying and "hopper" hatch- ing in the Northern Province only during the last half of the month. All "hopper'' hatches were destroyed. The infestation was light in 1961, with a total of 143 swarms recorded. "Hopper" hatching was limited to the Northern and Khartoum Provinces. TREE LOCUST (Anacridium moestum) was present in local areas of the Blue Nile, Khartoum, Kordofan and Darfur Provinces from January through April. The locust appeared again in the Darfur Province in August and September and along the White Nile River south of Khartoum in October. Control activities in the acacia forests (source of gum arabic), during the spring of 1961, controlled most of the tree locusts. Treatments were again being carried out in November in all infested areas near the cotton schemes, some of which were invaded, but without serious damage. A MIGRATORY LOCUST (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) , which has not been seen since the summer of 1958 in Sudan, appeared during October in the durra fields of the Gebel Dali district of south central Sudan. The infestations varied from field to field over a wide expanse of area. Prompt control operations prevented them from causing much serious damage. DURRA STALK BORER (Sesamia cretica) was widespread in durra (sorghum) fields. Sugarcane in the Blue Nile Province was heavily infested; however, no control measures were carried out. A NOCTUID (Heliothis sp., probably armigera) infes- ted durra heads in the milk stage in fields at Suki during September. Approxi- mately 30 percent of the grains in some fields were seriously damaged before the infestation was controlled. Bean crops along the Nile River to the north were also infested early in the season by this noctuid, but damage was inter- mittent. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused the loss of one cutting of Egyptian clover at Shendi schemes, but was generally light in most of the remainder of northern Sudan. An APHID (Aphis sacchari) * was present on durra in the Managil Extension very early in the year. DURRA APHID (Aphis sorghi) was reported, but attacks were very light in central Sudan. APHIDS. in pulse crops (legumes) ruined some fields in the Northern Province. Severe attacks on pulse crops were recorded from areas of Equatoria Province. A WHITEFLY was heavy in pulse crops in the Khasim El Ghirba scheme and in several other widely spaced regions in northern Sudan, EGYPTIAN COTTONWORM (Prodenia litura) ruined a number of broadbean fields in the Northern Province along the Nile River during January before being brought under control by treatments. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) * and Aphis craccivora* were present in many Egyp- tian clover fields along the Nile River north from Khartoum during February and March, Many parasitized aphids were found, and the parasites apparently kept * Identified by L. M. Russell. 4) Reo the infestation in check as no damage was reported. GRASSHOPPERS were general in all cultivated areas but little damage was reported, except in Khasim El Ghirba, where bean fields were treated. SUDAN PLAGUE GRASSHOPPER (Aiolopus savignyi) was seen in Blue Nile River areas, but was very light. A COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus superstitiosus) and a FLEA BEETLE caused some damage to kenaf trials near Tonj. THRIPS damaged peanuts in the Gedarif area. TERMITES (Macrotermes herus and Odontotermes sudanensis) * were serious pests in the Khasim El Ghirba district on peanuts. Cotton Insects: COTTON JASSID (Empoasca lybica) is the most important cotton insect pest in the Sudan. In 1961, attacks in the Gezira area were found in pockets and were initially high. In the Blue Nile and White Nile River regions, attacks were sporadic and high in some local areas only. The Gash and Tokar regions were not affected. The infestation became widespread the latter part of September. Control operations, still in progress in November, successfully controlled the jassid to where almost no damage to the crop occurred. The total acreage treated was expected to amount to about one million acres at the end of the season. A WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) is the second most important cotton insect pest. Initial attacks were high in localized areas of the Gezira, Blue Nile River and White Nile River regions. No damage has resulted from this pest due to successful control operations carried out in conjunction with jassid control. A heavy attack in June on early cotton in the Shendi district was controlled when about 2,000 acres were treated. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was present in small numbers in several areas of Equatoria Province and in the Gedarif area. Several fields near Kosti were successfully treated for the insect. A COTTON THRIPS (Hercothrips fumipennis) caused some damage in the Sennar district. A FLEA BEETLE (Podagrica puncticollis) damaged about 5,000 acres of seedling cotton in the Gedarif district; 300 acres had to be replanted. Attacks were very light in the Gezira and Blue Nile River regions. Control oper- ations carried out simultaneously with survey from July to September in the Nuba Mountains controlled a COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus sp.) which was serious in local areas. Damage has been very light. Only a trace of EGYPTIAN COTTONWORM (Prodenia litura) was found on cotton in the Abdel Magid scheme near Gedarif. COTTONSEED BUG (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) was reported from Yambio and Nzara, but has been a problem only in the cotton-breeding plots at Shambat. TERMITES slightly damaged about 300 acres of cotton in the Gedarif area. Light attacks of TREE LOCUSTS (Anacridium moestum) occurred in several cotton fields along the White Nile River during October. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) des- troyed approximately 260 acres of cotton at Tokar. Several other fields in the area were also severely damaged by beet armyworm, COTTON LEAF ROLLER (Sylepta derogata) increased over 1960 in the Nuba Mountains, and COTTON STEM BORER (Sphenoptera gossypii) was reported in the Gash River delta and at Nzara in Equatoria Province. A MIRID (Helopeltis sp.) caused slight damage at Yambio and at Nzara. A RED BOLLWORM (Diparopsis watersi) was present in Equatoria Province, the Gash River area and the Nuba Mountains on cotton. Clean cultivation and destruction of all trash, plus flooding in the Gash River area, has kept this bollworm in check. SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana) was present at Yambio, Gedarif and Shambat, but was held in check by clean cultivation. No PINK BOLLWORM (Pectin- ‘ophora gossypiella) damage was reported through November, except at Shambat and at Yambio. This is a late season insect in the Sudan and damage may have occurred in late December 1961 and January 1962. Heat treatments of all seed, and clean cultural practices, help keep pink bollworm under control, A BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) was reported at Gedarif and Yambio. During late October and early November, several fringe areas of Sennar, Kosti and Duem districts reported heavy attacks, with up to 15 percent of the bolls damaged in some fields. Usually damage is less than 5 percent. Some heavy boll shedding was reported in other fields. These schemes were all treated and incidence of * Identified by T. E. Snyder. - 54 - infestation dropped to one percent or less. The heavy infestation was limited to the fringe areas where clean cultivation methods may have been lax. a Citrus and Other Fruit Insects: A FRUIT FLY (Pardalaspis sp.) was again serious in most of the guava fruit and in some citrus in the Northern Province, Control activities were conducted along the Nile River. COCCIDS on citrus were reported from many parts of the Sudan. Mango trees in the Northern Province were treated to control Lepidosaphes tapleyi* and SPIDER MITES. BLACK APHIDS were common in all citrus regions, with heavy infestations being present in Kassala Province early in 1961. These were treated. GRASSHOPPERS, attacking young lemon trees in the Khasim El Ghirba district, were also controlled. A LEAF MINER in citrus caused some damage in Northern and Kassala Provinces. Several schemes were e treated, Light attacks of MEALYBUGS were found on pineapples in Equatoria Province and on citrus in Blue Nile Province. A TERMITE (Odontotermes sudanen- sis)* infested date palms in the Dongola Merowe district, seriously attacking about 35 percent of the palms. About 200,000 palms were treated to control this termite. Also found on date palms in the Dongola Merowe district was PARLATORIA DATE SCALE (Parlatoria blanchardi), but attacks were light. A WHITE- FLY (Siphoninus granati)* was found on pomegranates at Kassala. THRIPS injury was reported on lemon fruit in Equatoria Province. HAWK MOTH larvae damaged several small grape plots in the Khartoum area, Vegetable Insects: RED PUMPKIN BEETLE (Raphidopalpa foveicollis) * on beans and cucurbits, a PENTATOMID (Agonoscelis versicolor) * on beans and cucurbits, and a FRUIT FLY (Dacus sp.) on cucurbit fruits, all caused considerable damage and were the most serious vegetable pests. In the northern area, a PENTATOMID (Aspongopus viduatus) * attacked many melon and cucurbit fields, FLEA BEETLES and a FRUITWORM (Heliothis armigera) severely attacked okra in many places. Other insect pests of vegetable crops reported were a SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas puncticollis) on sweetpotato, TWELVE-SPOTTED MELON BEETLE (Epilachna chryso- melina)* on cucurbits and RED-BANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) * on beans. Stored-product Insects: KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) is the most impor- fant insect pest in the Sudan from an International aspect and is present in much of the country. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae), LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) , RICE MOTH (Corcyra cephalonica) , CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) and RED FLOUR BEETLE (T. castaneum) were found in varying degrees in most places where grain and cereals are stored. Also present in many districts were CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) and ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella). A WEEVIL (unidentified) has been reported infesting stored-tobacco bales, Castorbean Insects: WHITEFLIES, GRASSHOPPERS, a STEM BORER (Sphenoptera sp.), a SPIDER MITE (Eutetranychus orientalis) , a LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura sp.) , LIMA-BEAN POD BORER (Etiella zinckenella) , NOCTUIDS (Spodoptera exigua, Prodenia litura, Grammodes congentia, G. geometrica) and a CASTORBEAN CATERPILLAR (Achaea catella) were all reported on castorbeans in the Gash delta. Of these, A. catella and G. geometrica were the most abundant and caused damage to volunteer castorbean plants. During September, a PHORID (Megaselia sp.)* and a CHALCID (Brachymeria euploeae)* were found in great numbers parasitizing A. catella and Grammodes spp. Apparently this kept the infestation from developing further and only very light damage was caused, GRASSHOPPERS near Aroma were baited to prevent damage to castorbeans. Several hundred areas on the Aliab scheme were severely attacked by unidentified caterpillars, probably Achaea catella, and at the Hodeiba scheme another 200 acres of castorbeans had to be replanted due to caterpillar damage. * Identified by specialists in the U. 8S. National Museum, = 15 5u= Coffee Insects: Light attacks by COFFEE BERRY BORER (Stephanoderes hampei) were reported in many of the older coffee plantations of Equatoria Province, but none were reported in the newer plantings. Summary of Insect Conditions in Libya Prepared by R. L. Linkfield and A. Damiano Cereal and Forage Insects: There were no reports of DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) in 1961. APHIDS (Toxoptera graminum, Rhopalosiphum padi, R. maidis and Cavahyalopterus sp.) were first observed on small grains in January. Infes- tations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) were very light; but another APHID (Aphis sp.) was heavy on alfalfa. EGYPTIAN COTTONWORM (Prodenia litura) was very heavy on alfalfa and other crops. Infestations were reported for the first time in Sorman and Homs. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused considerable damage to the first cutting of alfalfa in Tripolitania. Fruit and Olive Insects: Due to ideal weather conditions in 1961, OLIVE FRUIT FLY (@acus oleae) caused severe damage to the abundant olive crop. Control measures were conducted wherever possible. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) was very heavy on olives in Misaurata and Zavia. A SCOLYTID (Phloeotribus scarabeoides) caused appreciable damage to olives in Tripolitania. ALMOND BUG (Monosteira unicostata) attacked pears in some areas and was very heavy on almonds. CODLING MOTH (Carpo- capsa pomonella) caused very heavy damage to apples, pears and quince. In April and May, heavy infestations of MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) were observed on peaches and pears in the Tripoli area and on apricot fruits along the Tripolitania coast. Citrus Insects: Punctures of the MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY on early orange varie- ties were first observed in July. Populations in 1961 were extremely high and all tangerines not treated were totally destroyed. Infestations of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) were reported in January and heavy populations caused considerable damage. A MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) was very heavy on lemon trees, especially in Tajura and El Myra. DICTYOSPERMUM SCALE (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi) , BLACK PARLATORIA SCALE (Parlatoria zizyphus) and CHAFF SCALE P. pergandii) were present in many groves. BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) was serious in some citrus groves in Tripolitania. Vegetable Insects: EGYPTIAN COTTONWORM (Prodenia litura) attacked most vegetable crops (tomatoes, potatoes, etc.), causing considerable damage. A NOCTUID (Helio- this armigera) was common on early tomatoes and beans in the Tripoli area. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) caused heavy damage in January, and DIAMOND- BACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) occurred as medium infestations. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was very heavy on onions and garlic,and MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) began attacking peppers in June, causing severe damage to all plantings. High populations of MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) and Aphis sp. caused severe damage to watermelons in all’ cultivated areas of Tripolitania. Other Field Crop Insects: A PYRALID (Phycita sp., probably diaphana) defoliated castorbeans in many areas. Light infestations of a CUTWORM (Agrotis segetum) and very heavy infestations of POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) were recorded on tobacco. RR & Ornamental Insects: OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii) was quite heavy on oleander plantings around Tripoli, and SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) did some damage to poinsettias. A LYMANTRIID was very heavy again in 1961 on Acacia horrida, completely defoliating the trees. ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) was quite heavy on roses. Two other aphids, Cinara sp. and EKulachnus tuberculos- temmata, were found on pine trees in Tripoli. (Last three species determined by L. M. Russell). Stored-product Insects: MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH (Anagasta kuhniella) , GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius), RICE WEEVIL (Ss. oryzae) , LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) , CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) , RED FLOUR BEETLE (T. castaneum) , YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) , CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) , SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) were found infesting Stored grains at varying degrees of intensity. Beneficial Insects: A BRACONID (Ecphylus sp.) was reared from a scolytid on olives. The following parasites were reared from Pieris rapae: A BRACONID (Apanteles glomeratus), a CHALCID (Brachymeria femorata) and a PTEROMALID (Pteromalus puparum). (All these parasites determined by C. F. W. Muesebeck and B. D. Burks). oS) By oS INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES VESPEROS (Vesperus spp.) Economic Importance: This genus of Cerambycidae is known to attack many economi- cally important plants in the Mediterranean area. Severe larval damage has been recorded on a number of crops which include grapevines, olive, and a variety of garden and ornamental plants. At least 17 species and varieties of the genus Vesperus have been recorded in Europe and northern Africa, but the ones most often mentioned in the literature are V. luridus Rossi, V. strepens (F.) and V. xatarti Dufour. However, no representatives of the genus have been recorded in the Western Hemisphere. Due to the long larval development period, survey for the pest is rather difficult. Young nursery stock and vineyards may suffer consider- able root damage during the final year of the larval development period. Various controls have been recommended, including fumigation, soil treatment with insecti- cides, collecting the larvae by means of deep cultivation, and the use of trap crops such as peas and beans around or across the rows. Distribution: Vesperus luridus has been recorded in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy; and V. strepens and V. xatarti in Spain, France and Italy. In addition to the above-named species, representatives of the genus have been reported in Algeria, Crete, Morocco and Turkey (Smyrna); one or more species in each country. A total of 8 species has been recorded in Spain alone. Hosts: Larvae attack any herbaceous plant and many shrubs and trees. There are records on fruit plants, ornamental plants, oaks and pines, and particularly on meadows with medicinal herbs; on garden plants, especially on vegetables and vines. Life History and Habits: The biology of V. strepens as studied in Italy is as follows: The adults are nocturnal and begin appearing at dusk from August until October. During daylight hours and the cold hours of night they remain hidden in protected places. The female deposits hundreds of eggs near roots of a tree,under dry grass, in crevices of a tree trunk, or around the stems of grasses; preferably in areas where the soil is soft and loose. Upon hatching, young larvae immedi- ately dig deeper into the soil in search of food. At first they feed on young tender roots, but, as they grow rapidly, they soon attack the larger roots of woody plants. Larvae move from one plant to another by means of tunnels which may be 12-18 inches deep in cultivated soil and 6-8 inches in uncultivated soil. Normally, larvae are found grouped together in considerable numbers. Depending upon the region, larvae require 3-4 years to complete their development. Larval activity occurs twice a year - once during the spring and once during the fall. During the summer and winter they usually aestivate. Pupation takes place in earthen cells during July below the larval habitat, and subsequent adults come to the soil surface in early August, using the larval tunnels. Afterwards, adults dig, for their use, a hole in the ground that is characterized by raised edges. Description: ADULTS - Body elongate and coriaceous. Head and sternum a rusty yellow-brown; other parts pale yellow. Sternum rounded and smooth on sides and tapered toward front. Legs elongated and pubescent. Illustrations of male and female adults of Vesperus luridus, V. strepens and V. xatarti may be seen on following page. The male in each case has longer antennae and is smaller in size, EGGS - Small, white and elongate. LARVAE - Mature forms characteristically different from all other Cerambycidae. Body short and strongly conical, almost cubical, with 4 distinct surfaces. Ventral surface plane; dorsal surface strongly convex, almost cut off in rear; lateral surfaces slightly rounded. Entire body yellowish-white and covered with pale pubescence. Head and pro- thorax prominently developed and meloid-like; mandibles black at apex. (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) No. 142 of Series SS First 6 abdominal segments with transverse band consisting of fine granules, and another band with pale pubescence along posterior margins. Legs strong and ciliate. Length 18-21 mm, Young larvae cylindrical and have long, lateral bristles. (Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in coopera- tion with other ARS agencies). CEIR 12(4) :1-26-62. ( ) f * f \ Pavesi Vesperus strepens Vesperus strepens Vesperus xatarti Vesperus xatarti (male) (female) (male) (female) Larva of Vesperus xatarti Vesperus luridus Vesperus luridus (male) (female) Major references: 1. Balachowsky, A. and Mesnil, L. 1935. Les Insectes Nuisibles aux Plantes Cultivees. Vol. 1, 1137 pp., Paris. 2. Beffa, G. D. 1949, Gli Insetti Dannosi all ‘Agricoltura e i Moderni Metodi e Messi di Lotta. 978 pp., Milan. (pp. 586-588). 3. Mendizabal Villabla, M. 1939. Bol. de Patol. Veg. y Ent. Agr. 8:65-86. Madrid. 4. Planet, L-M. 1924. Histoire Naturelle des Longicornes de France. (Encycloped. Entomolog. II) pp. 39-44, Paris. Figures; Larva from Balachowsky and Mesnil, and adults from Planet. om Officia : Toe = — We eta oy Jade aa antes ARTMENT OF AGRICE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 February 2, 1962 Number 5 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions Cold and icy weather conditions keeping insect populations on cereal and forage crops at noneconomic levels generally in Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico. BROWN SOFT SCALE and CHAFF SCALE populations on citrus in Cameron County, Texas, considerably reduced. (p. 61). COMMON CATTLE GRUB very low in northwestern Arkansas, but ranged light to heavy on cattle in Oklahoma, CATTLE LICE infes- tations becoming more common in Oklahoma. (p. 63). Insect Detection A MEALYBUG (Chnaurococcus trifolii) found in Del Norte County, California; a new county record and second record in the State. (p. 64). Special Reports List of Cooperative Survey Entomologists. (p. 66). Grasshopper Adult Survey - Fall 1961. Infested range areas, shown on the map in solid colors (orange, blue and red only), total 13,351,790 acres in 15 Western and Midwestern States. (Following page 66). FOI 2 2 ke 2k kc 2c ie ik 2c 2c ick ak 2c Reports in this issue are for week ending January 26 unless otherwise indicated. 5 BO) o WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 29 Rising temperatures ended 2 weeks or more of extreme cold weather in most of the Nation, and reduced the snow cover east of the Rocky Mountains. The week was as much as 15° warmer than last week in the Southeast and as much as 30° warmer in the northern Great Plains. This week was as much as 10° colder than last week in the Great Basin of the Far West, however, owing to near-record low tempera-— tures there at the beginning of the week and only very slow moderation during the remainder of the period. Temperatures were also extremely low in the Rocky Mountains at the beginning of the period, with -52° at Bondurant, Wyoming, the lowest reported. Cold weather has caused deep frost penetration over extensive areas where the snow cover was light, ranging up to 20 inches in Kansas and 30 inches in Connecticut. Freezing early in the week occurred along the Pacific coast as far south as Santa Maria, California, and low temperatures in the 20's were recorded on 4 nights in the San Joaquin Valley. Rising temperatures in the East were reversed by an inflow of cold air over the weekend. Caribou, Maine, reported -—20° on the 29th and -29° was recorded in the northern Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Precipitation was substantial south of the Great Lakes, in the Appalachian region, and in most of the lower Atlantic coastal region where precipitation occurred every day in some areas, Weekly totals ranged from 2 to over 4 inches in an area extending from the lower Mississippi Valley to the lower Appalachians, and exceeded one inch in most of the area south of the Great Lakes. Substantial precipitation also fell in sections along the Pacific coast and in Arizona. Snow fell at some coastal stations in California, and 12 to 18 inches of new snow fell at some higher elevations in Arizona. Some heavy snow fell in Virginia at the end of the period, with falls of 6 inches occurring at Roanoke, Lynchburg and Richmond, 14 inches at Blackstone, and one inch on the Eastern Shore, Southern Maryiand received up to 4 inches of snow from this storm. Most of this snow melted on the 29th, and the ground was mostly bare in the Ohio Vailey, Pennsylvania, southern New York State, and southern New England. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = ele CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS BILLBUGS — SOUTH CAROLINA - Farm survey in area south of Edisto River showed these pests of corn are causing more damage in this area than in past years. Some farmers already using insecticide-fertilizer treatment, with good results. (Nettles et al.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Cold and icy weather conditions during past week continued to keep populations at noneconomic level throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations continue at noneconomic levels in State. Previously reported local, damaging populations in west central and northeast counties apparently have been reduced by extreme cold weather. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Low populations exist as result of cold and icy weather conditions over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS —- NEW MEXICO —- Recent cold temperatures greatly reduced populations in alfalfa throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Populations are at noneconomic levels because of cold and icy weather conditions throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Cold weather has prevented serious buildups in any area. Pre- vious reports of local damage in northeastern counties were partially prompted by freeze damage to oats. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). FRUIT INSECTS PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ARIZONA - Light larval infestations present in peach trees in Prescott and Cottonwood areas of Yavapai County and in Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestation was present on citrus in Cameron County before mid-January freeze. After freeze, 150 adults and 50 crawlers were examined; all were dead. Of this number, 15 were parasitized, with one live and one dead parasite found. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Day). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestation was present on citrus in Cameron County before mid-January freeze. After freeze, 100 adults were examined; 35 were alive and 65 were dead. Numerous viable eggs were observed. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Day). TRUCK CROP INSECTS A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER - FLORIDA - Decrease in population noted in Dade County on potatoes, tomatoes, beans and cucurbits. Adult numbers also fewer than previously observed. Whether this presages a low future population or not may be determined by future observations. (Wolfenbarger) . A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca kraemeri) - FLORIDA - Infestations observed on beans in Redlands area, Dade County, December 28, 1961. Det. by H. Cunningham, (Fla. Coop. Sur.). aWeeu COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Total of 20 larvae and 6 pupae collected from 7 blooms and 75 bolls of wild cotton south of Key Largo, Monroe County, on January 15. (Creamer). OKLAHOMA — Lint cleaner inspections in Caddo County were negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Recent temper- atures of 8-12° F, killed larvae still alive in bolls of standing stalks and in bolls among debris in cotton fields in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of this species, Blapstinus sp. and Collops sp. taken through January 15 in gin trash in Calipatria and Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS NOCTUIDS - FLORIDA ~ Prodenia eridania and Trichoplusia ni moderate on Chrysan- themum sp. at Punta Gorda, Charlotte County (Walsh, Jan. 15); on Chrysanthemum sp. at Ft. Meyers, Lee County, and on statice (Armeria sp. or Limonium sp.) at Iona, Lee County (Collins, Walsh, Jan. 19). Xanthopastis timais moderate on Amaryllis sp. at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Jan. 19). A SEAGRAPE BORER (Hexeris enhydris) - FLORIDA - Moderate on seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) at Merritt Island, Brevard County (Levan, Jan. 16), and at Ft. Lauder- dale, Broward County (McLean, Jan. 8). APHIDS - MARYLAND - Cinara sp. infesting several Scotch pines at Forest Hill, Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Cinara tujafilina severe on arborvitae (Thuja orientalis) at West Hollywood, Broward County. (McLean, Jan. 15). NEW MEXICO - Myzus polaris abundant on carnations and winged and wingless adults of M. persicae very heavy on snapdragons, both in greenhouses at Bayard, Grant County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on hibiscus, lantana and geranium in Port Hueneme, Ventura County. Adults creating a nuisance by entering office buildings in mass flights. (R. Marquez). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - OKLAHOMA - Local infestation reported in Pottawatomie County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). Coccids in Florida — COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) severe on 250 shorttube lycoris (Lycoris radiata) at Rockledge, Brevard County (Dec. 12, 1961). PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria pyriformis) severe on Brassaia actinophylla at Winter Haven (Jan, in and on ricepaperplant (Tetrapanax DapyETTErus) at Cypress Gardens (Jan. 16), both in Polk County; and on Fatschedera sp. at Apopka, Orange County (Jan. 18). MINING SCALE (Howardia biclavis) severe on one egg= fruit (Lucuma sp.) plant at Indialantic, Brevard County (Jan. 19); TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) infesting 75 percent of 200 Camellia sp. plants at Fairvilla (Jan, 15), causing quarantine of 200 plants, and BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) infested 25 percent of 100 Begonia sp. leaves at Apopka (Jan. 18), both in Orange County. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) and COCONUT SCALE (Aspidi- otus destructor) moderate on boxorange (Severinia buxifolia) at Miami, Dade County (Jan. 5). COCONUT SCALE was moderate to severe on American mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) at South Miami, Dade County (Jan. 16); khat (Catha edulis) , dillenia (Dillenia ovata), jasmineorange (Murraya sp.), and Radermachera fenicis at Indialantic, Brevard County (Jan. 19}. FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae light to moderate on lilyturf (Liriope sp.) at Cypress Gardens (Jan. 15-16) , and GREEN SHIELD SCALE (Pulvinaria psidii) severe on Brazil peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) at Winter Haven (Jan, 12), both in Polk County. BLACK THREAD SCALE (Ischnaspis longirostris) moderate on takil windmillpalm (Trachycarpus takil) at Florida City, Dade County (Jan. 18), and on ceriman (Monstera deliciosa) (3) 6 at Cypress Gardens, Polk County (Jan. 16). TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) scattered on southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) at Fellowship, Marion County (Jan. 16). In Polk County, Phenacaspis cockerelli moderate on Queens bird-of—paradise (Strelitzia reginae) at Cypress Gardens (Jan. 15-16); Lepidosaphes newsteadi moderate on eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) at Pembroke (Jan. 16), and swampbay persea (Persea palustris) at Eloise (Jan. 10); Fiorinia fioriniae moderate on sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) at Cypress Gardens (Jan, 16); Coccus mangiferae severe on 70 common mango (Mangifera indica) at Winter Haven (Jan. 12). Aspidiotus lataniae severe on one sapodilla (Achras sapota) at South Miami, Dade County (Jan. 16). Gillan Coop. Surs)ic Coccids in California - YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) heavy on Englishlaurel trees in Oroville, Butte County; Diaspis cocois medium on palm trees in a nur- sery property in San Diego, San Diego County; and Aspidiotus ehrhorni heavy on fig trees in Hughson, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus ludeni) ~- CALIFORNIA - Infestation heavy on lantana in a nursery in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - ARKANSAS - Counts of H. lineatum very low in herds checked; averaged 1.7 per animal in untreated herd in Carroll County and only one per 12 cows in untreated herd in Washington County, both in northwest. None found in treated herd in Washington County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Countywide infestations of H. lineatum reported from Beaver (panhandle); King- fisher, Cleveland (central); Delaware (northeast); McCurtain, Choctaw (southeast) ; Hughes, Haskell, McIntosh (0-50 per head); and Cotton (southwest) Counties. Popu- lations ranging 0-41 per head (averaged 19) noted on yearling steers in Payne County (west central). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH -— Controls applied to 3,500 cattle in eastern Millard County. (Knowlton, Rickenbach) . CATTLE LICE — OKLAHOMA —- Infestations becoming more common over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Total of 8,500 cattle treated for control in eastern Millard County during fall of 1961. (Knowlton, Rickenbach) . HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations noted on hogs in Hughes, Stephens, Cotton and Woods Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TICKS (Ixodes spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of I. pacificus occurring on Norway rats in Crescent City, Del Norte County. This is continuation of presence of infested rats and occurrence of large numbers of immature Ixodes sp. found on brush rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani) in Crescent City. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestation in beans in a home in Indiana County; adults have spread throughout house, (Gesell, Jan. 5). LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) - PENNSYLVANIA ~- Infested new nylon rug in home in Blair County. (Udine, Jan. 10). OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - During past 25 years, has been troublesome in Lee, Anderson, Pickens, Spartanburg and Richland Counties. (Nettles et al.). SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous in oak flooring in new home in Erie County. (Cox, Jan. 17). - 64 - AN ANOBIID (Xyletinus peltatus)- MARYLAND - Contributed to heavy damage of poplar wood in a barn at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, October 27, 1961. Collected by R. A. St. George. Det. by T. Spilman. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae noted in a candy store at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - MARYLAND - Adults collec- ted in candy store at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH - Abundant in a home at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) . A HUMPBACKED FLY - PENNSYLVANIA — Annoying in a home in Dauphin County, December 26, 1961. (Balsbaugh) . PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - MARYLAND —- Winged and wingless forms noted in home at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COCKROACHES —- UTAH - Supella supellectilium infesting another apartment house at Logan, Cache County, and Blatta orientalis infesting homes in Bountiful and Centerville, Davis County. (Knowlton). AN EARWIG - SOUTH CAROLINA - An undetermined species causing some concern in Walterboro, Colleton County. Numerous insecticides have failed to give control. (Nettles et al.). STORED—PRODUCT INSECTS ALMOND MOTH (Ephestia cautella) - TEXAS - Moderate, larval infestation in stored cottonseed in Wharton County has been verified as this species by H. W. Capps. (Burke) . A COSMOPTERYGID (Pyroderces sp.) - TEXAS - Collected in association with almond moth larvae in stored cottonseed in Wharton County. Det. by H. W. Capps. (Burke). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITE (Aphytis sp.) — TEXAS - Adults of this eulophid found crawling over a red scale on orange leaf in a fumigation house in Cameron County. Det. by B. D. Burks. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Day). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS SLUGS - CALIFORNIA — Populations of Limax marginatus, L. flavus, Arion hortensis and Deroceras laeve heavy in soil in a nursery in Danville, Contra Costa County. Survey negative for Arion ater. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Identified from new Townships as follows: Hillsborough County, T 30, R18 (Jan. 11); Pasco County, T 26, R15 (Jan. 10); Pinellas County, T 31, R 17 (Jan. 15) and T 27, R16 (Jan. 8). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A MEALYBUG (Chnaurococcus trifolii) - CALIFORNIA - Light population in soil under board in Crescent City, Del Norte County. This is a new county record and the second record for the State. The first record was from Pacific Grove, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Se Sue CORRECTION CEIR 12(4):39 - A LEAF ROLLER (Platyonta sp.) - should be (Platynota sp.). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Feltia Spodoptera subterranea exigua ARIZONA Mesa 1/18-24 10 1 Hig RC DC 2 IC 2c 2 2 2k 2g Fk 4¢ 2c 2k 2S 2 a 2k 2 2 2 THE SCIENTIFIC NAME FOR THE COWPEA APHID The aphid, on various crops in the United States, that until recently has been determined as Aphis medicaginis Koch, probably has been misidentified and is now thought to be Aphis craccivora Koch, There is some doubt at present that A.medicaginis even occurs in North America. European workers have stated that A. medicaginis is found only on legumes, while A. craccivora has many other hosts as well as legumes. The Federal specialist in the group, Miss Louise M. Russell, would welcome specimens thought to be A. medicaginis. Collections should be sent to Dr. W. H. Anderson, Insect Identification and Parasite Intro- duction Research Branch, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Kansas Maryland Minnesota Missouri =NGGi= COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS James R. Buttram, Entomology Department, Auburn University Auburn Leon Moore, Room 408, State Office Building, 17th Avenue and West Adams, Mail - P, O. Box 6189, Phoenix W. P. Boyer, College of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Ronald M. Hawthorne, State Department of Agriculture, 1220 N Street, Sacramento 14 Leonard E. Jenkins, Department of Entomology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Modified Agreement Robert E. Woodruff, Survey Entomologist, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville W. C. Johnson, Extension Service, University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, Athens Clarence E. White, Illinois Agricultural Extension Service, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana Leroy L. Peters, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Wallace C. Harding, Jr., Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Robert Flaskerd, Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Room 670, 6th Floor, State Office Building, St. Paul 1 Ralph E. Munson, Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, 106 Whitten Hall, Columbia Revised February 2, Nevada New Mexico North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Rhode Island South Dakota Texas Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 1962 Robert C. Bechtel, Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 1209, Reno Modified Agreement Vacancy Vacancy Vacancy Sidney E. Kunz, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Joe Capizzi, Division of Plant Industry, Agricultural Building, Salem Modified Agreement Vacancy W. H. Newton, Department of Entomology, Texas A & M College, College Station W. A. Tarpley, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg Philip W. Smith, Plant Industry Station, State Department of Agriculture, 448 West Washington Avenue, Madison 3 Dale G. Fullerton, Plant Science Division, University of Wyoming, Box 3354, University Station, Laramie TO COOPERATORS UNITED STATI AGRIC This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult s hoppers infest an area, and indicates the potential severity of infestations fo where control may be necessary in 1962. The infestations on croplands, shown on the map in stippling, in ge farmers with technical assistance from Division and State personnel. The acres in 15 Western and Midwestern States. Shaded areas on the map are diag RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER (Moderate Popul LANDOWNERSHIP—ACRES REGION wie AND PRIVATE AND STATE PUBLIC DOMAIN iN STATE CENTRAL No. Dakota 219, 160 236, 320 45! So. Dakota 191, 260 103, 320 29: WESTERN Arizona By 50) PDS SHO) 5 California 542, 890 36, 000 yi Colorado 574, 100 37, 700 61 Idaho 75, 250 215, 610 29 Montana 6, 737, 000 1, 221, 000 7,95 The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Pest Control Division, Aes ie Te 5, _|*( ay (SEE REVERSE SIDE ) GRASSHOPPER ADULT SURVEY-FALL 1961 VERY ABUNDANT 28 or more GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD ABUNDANT 15 - 27 crassHopPERs PER SQUARE YARD SQUARE YARD LIGHT 3-7 GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD | mm Wi Ly Wi} MODERATE 8-14 crasshoprers PER mi | SOLID COLORS -RANGELAND INFESTATIONS STIPPLED COLORS-CROPLAND INFESTATIONS NECESSITY FOR CONTROL ON CROP OR RANGELAND NEXT SEASON WILL DEPEND UPON TYPE OF HABITAT, SPECIES PRESENT, WEATHER, AND CONDITION OF VEGETATION. DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER PROBLEM IN SPECIFIC AREAS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STATE PEST CONTROL OFFICIALS, COUNTY AGENTS, AND PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PERSONNEL. PREPARED IN PPC, ARS, USDA DECEMBER Il, 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION TO COOPERATORS This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult surveys made during the late summer and fall of 1961. The survey reveals where and how many grass- hoppers infest an area, and indicates the potential severity of infestations for 1962. Nymphal surveys, made in the spring, determine population densities, and indicate those areas where control may be necessary in 1962. The infestations on croplands, shown on the map in stippling, in general are higher than that which was indicated in 1960. Control on those lands will be handled by the farmers with technical assistance from Division and State personnel. The infested range areas, shown on the map in solid colors (orange, blue and red only), total 13,351,790 acres in 15 Western and Midwestern States. Shaded areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these areas, infestations may be solid or spotted. RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATIONS—ACREAGE BY REGIONS, FALL 1961 (Moderate Populations or Above — Orange, Blue and Red) LANDOWNERSHIP—ACRES | LANDOWNERSHIP—ACRES REGION ae REGION eee PRIVATE AND STATE PUBLIC DOMAIN Dees | ae PRIVATE AND STATE PUBLIC DOMAIN | re CENTRAL No. Dakota 219, 160 236, 320 455, 480 Nevada 15, 830 52, 000 67, 830 So. Dakota 191, 260 103, 320 294, 580 New Mexico 776, 500 13, 500 790, 000 Oregon 100, 800 13, 500 114, 300 Utah 216, 800 100, 750 317, 550 WESTERN Washington 637, 000 2,000 639, 000 Arizona 35, 250 2a 5 0 58, 000 Wyoming 393,500 19, 700 413, 200 California 542, 890 36, 000 578, 890 Colorado 574, 100 37, 700 611, 800 SOUTHERN Idaho 75, 250 215, 610 290, 860 Oklahoma 185, 000 = 185, 000 Montana 6, 737, 000 1, 221,000 7,958, 000 Texas 577, 300 = 577, 300 I IL | ie The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, in cooperation with various State agencies concerned. GPO 983501 Ay oh tan A AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesrot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 February 9, 1962 Number 6 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions WINTER GRAIN MITE heavy on oats in Glenn County, California, and present on stems of wheat in Whitman County, Washington, during warm period following extreme cold weather. APHID populations on cereal and forage crops continue low in Oklahoma and Texas. ARMY CUTWORM ranges light to medium on small grains in northwestern Oklahoma. Survey of 9 corn fields in Washington County, Arkansas, showed average of 16.5 percent survival of overwintering SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER larvae. (p. 69). CITRUS RUST MITE population at lowest level in 11 years for time of year, and CITRUS RED MITE population continues at a record low, both in Florida. (pp. 69, 70). CATTLE LICE numerous on some beef cattle in Duchesne and Kane Counties, Utah, and activity reported in most areas of Oklahoma. (p. 71). Insect Detection First record of an established infestation of a slug (Arion ater) reported in California. (p. 72). Several new State records reported from Maryland.(p. 73). A bark beetle (Xyleborus morstatti) reported for the first time from Hawaii. (p. 76). Special Reports New 1961 Maryland Insect Records and Some Unpublished New State Records from Previous Years. (p. 73). INTERCEPTIONS of special interest at U. S. ports of entry. (p. 74). Summary of Insect Conditions in Hawaii -— 1961. (p. 76). 2K 2 2 2K gE KC 2 2k 2 2k 2 2k 2k Reports in this issue are for week ending February 2 unless otherwise indicated. NGS WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK FEBRUARY 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for February calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over the southern third of the Nation and also in the Northern and Central Plains. Below normal temperatures are indicated for the Northeast, the Great Lakes, and Great Basin. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are predicted. Precipitation is expected to be subnormal west of the Continental Divide, except for near normal amounts in the Far Northwest. Subnormal amounts are also indicated for the Middle Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee Valley areas and the Florida Peninsula, with near normal amounts in unspecified regions. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superin- tendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 5 Mild, dry, sunny weather prevailed in most of the midcontinent area where average temperatures for the week ranged from 3° above normal along the central Gulf coast to as much as 24° above in the northwestern Great Plains. During the week- end, maximum temperatures rose into the 80's in Texas and into the 50's and 60's as far north as the Dakotas and Montana. In central portions of the latter State, maxima rose to record levels at midweek. The mild weather greatly reduced the snow cover, with measurable depths in the Great Plains remaining only at scat- tered points in the extreme northern portion. The snow cover also disappeared from the Ohio Valley, most of Missouri, and much of Iowa and southern Minnesota. On the last day of the period, a cold wave moved into the North-Central Interior along the Canadian Border, with near blizzard conditions reported in north- western Minnesota. Temperatures for the week averaged below normal by 3° to 9° in the Great Lakes region and Northeast where a cold wave about midweek reduced temperatures to subzero levels. On Friday, Greenville, Maine, recorded -42°, the lowest for that station during 56 years of record. Low temperatures of -20° to -40° were reported from points in northern New York State. Temperatures rose to above normal levels during the weekend, and much snow cover melted in New York and Pennsylvania. In the Far West, the week was as much as 12° colder than normal in the Great Basin, but was unseasonably mild elsewhere. Maximum temperatures rose to record or near record high levels in the Columbia River Basin on Friday. Precipitation was relatively light over the entire Nation. Significant amounts generally were limited to western Washington and scattered sections of the Appalachians and Northeast. In the latter area, precipitation fell mostly as snow with a water content generally less than 0.25 inch, although at scattered points in Pennsylvania and New England amounts ranged from 0.25 to 0.50 inch. Weekly totals in western Washington ranged up to 0.50 inch. In the Florida Peninsula, continued dry weather has created a forest fire hazard and depleted soil moisture in central and southern portions. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). =69Re- CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Survey in 10 central and north central counties revealed no mites present in badly damaged small grain fields. Damage due to adverse weather conditions. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Low, scattered populations observed in some small grain fields checked in the northwestern part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on oats in Willows area, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Present on stems of wheat near Garfield, Whitman County, during warm period following extremely cold weather. (Howell). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations, where possible to find, at noneconomic levels in all fields checked throughout northwestern area. Similar results noted in west central, southwest, and east central areas. Although populations negligible and controls not warranted, close observations recommended as warm conditions continue. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Survey in 10 central and north central counties gave negative results. Due to adverse weather conditions, green field of small grain difficult to find. (Newton). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Very low populations, fewer than one per linear foot, in small grain fields checked in northwest, west central and east central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Low populations observed in the west central and east central areas, O-6 and 3 per foot respectively. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light to medium populations of 0-6 per linear foot observed on small grain fields in the northwestern area; occasional feeding damage noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Survey of 9 corn fields in Washington County showed average of 16.5 percent survival of over- wintering larvae as of February 3; range 4-27 percent. Weather conditions include a low of -9° F. approximately 3 weeks previously, with ground frozen to depth of more than 12 inches and remaining frozen, except for periodic surface thawing, for a period of about 2 weeks. Observations by Dr. W. H. Whitcomb during the past several years have shown that woodpeckers account for some reduction of overwintering larvae. The birds insert their beaks into the corn stubble and leave a characteristic mark. In these 9 fields, woodpeckers had accounted for 18 percent of the reduction in larval numbers. The survey method used, consisted in checking 10 consecutive plants at each of 10 locations selected at random in each field. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Of 100 stalks inspected, 13 found girdled in Marshall County; 5 stalks contained larvae, 4 had dead larvae and 4 without larvee. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TEXAS - Adults very abundant in research plots of vetch in Brazos County. (Randolph). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Small numbers found in scattered fields of the northwest and west central areas of the State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) and SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Checks in alfalfa in northwest and west central areas negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of January 1962 - CITRUS RUST MITE Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 49 percent of groves (norm 68 percent) ; 35 percent economic (norm 42 percent). Population has dropped to lowest level in GK) 11 years for this time of year. Although further decrease is expected, growers are advised that this species will still be moderately abundant and heavy infes- tations are likely to occur in about 10 percent of groves. Highest districts are west coast, Bartow and Brooksville. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 21 percent of groves (norm 61 percent); 9 percent economic (norm 31 percent). Population continues to be at a record low. A slight increase is expected but few infestations will be important. Highest district in west coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 15 percent of groves; 2 percent economic. All districts are in low range and little change is predicted. SIX- SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) is below average abundance and very scarce. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 80 percent of groves; 12 percent economic. Although slight increase is expected, very few groves will develop destructive infestations. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 45 percent of groves (norm 50 percent); 6 percent economic (norm 8 per- cent). Population will remain below average. No heavy infestations are expected. Highest districts are Indian River and ridge. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) population is above average but is of little concern at this time. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). TRUCK CROP INSECTS BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in raspberry planting in Corralitos, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Twenty larvae and 2 pupae collected from 42 blooms and 539 bolls of wild cotton near Key Largo, Monroe County, January 18. (Creamer). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS A BLASTOBASID MOTH (Holcocera iceryaeella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations on pine shoots and cones in Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia sp. not buoliana) - CALIFORNIA - Caused heavy twig damage to Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) in Daly City, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion excitans) - FLORIDA - Three lots of first-stage larvae found among several thousand terminals of pond pine (Pinus serotina) examined at Welaka, Putnam County. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A JUMPING PLANTLOUSE - FLORIDA - An undetermined species has been taken in the Gainesville area, Alachua County, on Ilex vomitoria Ait. (yaupon). Infested shrubs often have a heavy population as exhibited by the contorted leaves becoming gall-like and forming a pocket usually containing several nymphs and a white, waxy material. Very little is known about this psyllid and how widespread its attacks on yaupon have become. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - FLORIDA - Cinara thujafilina infested 10 percent of arborvitae in nursery at Daytona Beach, Volusia County, January 16. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation of C. thujafilina on arborvitae in Marshall County; checks in Woodward area, Woodward County, were negative. Several species of: aphids found on chrysanthemums in greenhouses in Cushing area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Aphis pseudohederae moderately heavy on ivy at Silver City, Grant County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CRESCENT-MARKED LILY APHID (Myzus circumflexus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations occurring on fronds of ferns in nursery in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) ah Bes HEMISPHERICAL SCALE (Saissetia hemisphaerica) - FLORIDA - Reported severe on staghornfern (Platycerium bifurcatum) and light on Geiger-tree (Cordia sebestena L.) at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, and infested 60 percent of 15 Jerusalem- cherry plants (Solanum sp.) at Holly Hill, Volusia County. (Fla. Coop. Sur., Jgani22)). OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy populations occurring on Oregongrape shrubs in Reedley, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MEALYBUGS - OKLAHOMA - Light populations noted on geraniums in greenhouse in Pawnee area, Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - FLORIDA - Larvae lightly infesting outside rows of chrysanthemums in a large cutflower business at Punta Gorda, Charlotte County. (Fla. Coop. Sur., Jan. 22). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy populations continue on albizzia trees in yards and street plantings in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleela) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to azalea plants in Red Bluff, Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides limbatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of beans of paloverde trees in Ojai, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria aloinis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy population found on Aloe sp. in Colton, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on Sheffelaria leaves in nursery in Oceanside, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - WASHINGTON - Two second-stage larvae of H. bovis taken from saddle horse at Colville, Stevens County, January 15. Horse came from out of State, but date was not specified. Larvae were just beginning to emerge. (James). OKLAHOMA - Counts of H. lineatum on long yearling heifers ranged from 0-55 per head (average 22) and ranged 0-21 per head (average 9) on mature cows in Payne County. Counts ranged to 35 per head on yearlings in Osage County. Activity noted in Delaware, Choctaw, McCurtain, Stephens and Cotton Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Controls for cattle grubs applied to 2,500 cattle in Kane County. (Knowlton, Hatch). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Numerous on some Duchesne and Kane County beef cattle. Controls applied to 2,500 cattle in Kane County. (Knowlton, Hatch). OKLAHOMA - Counts in Ellis County of 3-4 per hair part noted; some rubbing by cattle noted throughout northwest area of State. Activity reported in most areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus Suis) - OKLAHOMA - Countywide populations reported from areas throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CRAB LOUSE (Phthirus pubis) - MARYLAND - A heavy infestation caused considerable concern to a family in Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A FLEA (Cediopsylla inaequalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations on adult brush rabbits in Crescent City, Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis) - FLORIDA - Collected from man and dog January 25 at Welaka, Putnam County. (Hetrick). ey ION es HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS COCKROACHES - MARYLAND - Blattella germanica infested a home at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Supella supellectilium infesting apartment at Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton). MOTH FLIES - MARYLAND - Heavy numbers emerged in a home at Middletown, Frederick County, January 31. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - UTAH - Infesting flour in a home at Granger, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). SILVERFISH (Lepisma saccharina) - MARYLAND - Abundant in building at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLOTHES MOTHS - UTAH - Damaging stored woolens in a home at Farmington, Davis County. (Knowlton). TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - FLORIDA - R. hageni collected at Miami Shores, Dade County, during January. (Voyce). Winged reproductives of R. flavipes observed in midday flight from various out-of-door locations at Gainesville, Alachua County, January 24. Air temperature was 75° F. (Hetrick). OKLAHOMA - Reticulitermes sp. swarmed in early part of week shortly after onset of warm weather in Stillwater, Payne County, and Tulsa, Tulsa County. (Okla.Coop.Sur.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS COWPEA APHID (Callosobruchus maculatus) - NEW MEXICO - Abundant in stored black- eyed peas at Lovington, Lea County. CN. M. Coop. Rpt.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS CITRUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus citri) - FLORIDA - Collected on gladiolus corms at Saint Petersburg, Pinellas County, a new host record for the State. (Bingaman) . IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Identified from new Townships, as follows: Hillsborough County - T 31, R19, January 23; Pinellas County - T 28, R15, January 22, and T 32, R 16, January 23. (Lynch). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga koehleriana) - NEW MEXICO - Specimens which were extremely abundant and attracted to lights in Raton area, Colfax County, during July 1961, have been determined as this species. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SLUGS AND SNAILS - CALIFORNIA - Slugs: An introduced species, Arion ater, family Arionidae, was collected in the field at Casquet, Del Norte County. Previous collections of this slug in the county were at Crescent City in 2 nurseries. Other associated arionid species included Arion hortensis, an introduced species, and Prophysaon andersoni, a native species. Limacid slugs, all introduced species, associated with A. ater, were GREENHOUSE SLUG (Milax gagates), GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) and Limax marginatus. Snails: Included in this collection were 2 introduced species, Oxychilus allarius and 0. draparnaldi, and a native species, Haplotrema sp. This is the first State record of an established infestation of A. ater. Collections were made by J. W. Anderson and T. Haig on January 15, 1962. Determinations were made by H. Keifer. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Jan. 19). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Prod. Conoderus unip. ips. subterr. ornith. falli FLORIDA Gainesville 1/25-1/31 4 5 Quincy 1/25 al 11 2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 1/22-28 8 12 37 18 126 Charleston 1/29-2/4 3 4 20 10 New 1961 Maryland Insect Records and Some Unpublished New State Records From Previous Years Aedes thibaulti Dyar and Knab (DIPTERA:CULICIDAE) - Larvae collected by S. R. Joseph, from Dublin Swamp, Somerset County, April 27, 1961. Det. S. R. Joseph; noted in CEIR 11(19) :388. Antonina pritiosa Ferris* (HOMOPTERA:PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) - Collected from bamboo by W. T. Johnson at Rockville, Montgomery County, August 15, 1961. Det. H. Morrison. Dolerus neoagcistus MacGillivray (HYMENOPTERA:TENTHREDINIDAE) - A female collected from spruce by C. W. McComb at Mount Airy, Montgomery County, March 29, 1961. Det. B. D. Burks; noted in CEIR 11(15) :295. Dolerus tectus MacGillivray (HYMENOPTERA:TENTHREDINIDAE) - Several adult females collected from shrubs and trees by a homeowner at Baltimore, March 26, 1961. Det. B. D. Burks; noted in CEIR 11(15) :295. Epitrix brevis Schwartz (COLEOPTERA :CHRYSOMELIDAE) - Adults collected from Physalis sp. by W. C. Harding, Jr., at Lanham, Prince Georges County, July 13, 1957. Det. W. C. Harding, Jr. Epitrix humeralis Dury (COLEOPTERA:CHRYSOMELIDAE) - Adults collected from Physalis Subglabrata (taperleaf groundcherry) by W. C. Harding, Jr., at Clear Spring, Washington County, May 23, 1958. Det. W. C. Harding, Jr. Lygocoris belfragei Reuter (HEMIPTERA:MIRIDAE) - Adults collected from Ilex verticillata (common winterberry) by L. A. Kulp, at Beltsville, Prince Georges County, June 15, 1961. Det. R. C. Froeschner. * Intercepted on plant material, establishment uncertain. T/T). Bissell W. C. Harding, Jr. C. W. McComb Department of Entomology University of Maryland Oe INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U. S. PORTS OF ENTRY Some important interceptions that were reported November 30, 1961, by the Plant Quarantine Division, ARS, USDA, follow. These reports are based on identifica— tions received from Federal taxonomists at the U. S. National Museum during the month, but do include any of special interest from recent months that were not previously reported. KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts)24 times; 2 times at Charleston, South Carolina, once in stores (including a ship's linen room, galley, locker, passageway, office and crew mess) and in a cargo of guar gum for South Carolina; 2 times in stores at Wilmington, North Carolina; one time in stores at Detroit, Michigan; one time in used burlap cargo at Houston, Texas; one time in stores at Seattle, Washington; one time in stores at San Pedro, California; 16 times at New York, New York, with burlap covers for cargoes of gum arabic, cumin seed, celery seed, gum karaya and guar gum for New York and Massachusetts destinations. CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) twice in baggage destined for Illinois, at Laredo, Texas. A PYRAUSTID (Evergestis forficalis (L.)) in stores at New York, New York. A WEEVIL (Premnotrypes sp.) twice in potato in stores at Mobile, Alabama. WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Muller)) 3 times; 2 times in miscellaneous cargo at Norfolk, Virginia, destined for Norfolk; one time in association with a cippolini importation at New York, New York, destined for the New York market. A WEEVIL (Hyperodes sp.) in stores at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. AN OLETHREUTID (Laspeyresia sp., probably funebrana (Treit.)) (a destructive plumworm in parts of Europe) twice in baggage for Washington, D. C., and once in stores at New York, New York. A COSMOPTERYGID (Blastodacna atra (Haw.)) (an apple twig and fruit miner of western and northern Europe) in baggage destined for Long Island, at New York, New York. DURRA STALK BORER (Sesamia cretica Led.) in hearth broom cargo destined for Massachusetts, at Boston, Massachusetts. A NOCTUID (Sesamia nonagriodes (Lef.)) (a grain stem borer of various countries) in corn broom in baggage at New York, New York, destined for New York. SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana (Bdv.) (widespread, destructive pest in the Middle East, Southern Asia, Africa and other areas) in okra pods in baggage at New York, New York. LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris brassicae (L.)) 2 times in stores; once on cauli- flower at New York, New York, and once on cabbage at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PEACH FRUIT MOTH (Carposina niponensis Wlsm.) in stores at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, A SNAIL (Cochlicella barbara (L.)) twice on general cargo for Virginia destination, at Norfolk, Virginia. GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) 59 times; 2 times at Baltimore, Maryland, once in stores and once in soil under car for Washington, D. C.; one time at McGuire AFB, New Jersey, in soil with plant in baggage for California; 2 times at Hoboken, New Jersey, in soil with plants in mail for New York and = 75) = South Carolina, respectively; 7 times at New York, New York, in soil with plants in baggage for New York, New Jersey, California, Minnesota and Canada; 5 times at Boston, Massachusetts, in soil with plants in baggage for Massachusetts; 6 times at Chicago, Illinois, in soil with plants in baggage for Illinois and Iowa; one time in stores at Seattle, Washington; one time in soil with plant at San Pedro, California, for California; one time at Nogales, Arizona, in soil with plant in baggage for California; one time at El Paso, Texas, in potting soil in baggage for Texas; 2 times at Brownsville, Texas, in soil with log cargo and in soil with plants in baggage for Texas destination; 2 times in stores at Corpus Christi, Texas; 3 times at Houston, Texas, in soil with autos for various states; 5 times at New Orleans, Louisiana, in soil with auto for St. Louis and in stores; 3 times at Mobile, Alabama, 2 times on cars for Florida and one time in stores; 5 times at Tampa, Florida, in stores; 6 times at Miami, Florida, 3 times in stores, 2 times with soil on autos for Florida, and one time in baggage for New York; one time at Port Everglades, Florida, with soil on auto for Florida; and one time in stores at Jacksonville, Florida. 2-76) = SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII - 1961 Submitted by the Hawaiian Entomological Society Highlights: There were several important developments that took place during the year, particularly with respect to the discovery of 5 new insect pests of major importance. Increased activity by CATTLE GRUBS was reported by ranches on Hawaii and Molokai, and on Kauai NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB was reported for the first time. Moderate to heavy infestations on showertrees on windward Oahu by a twig- boring OLETHREUTID MOTH were noted. Light damage by ARMYWORM to range grasses was observed on Kauai and Hawaii, while on Oahu heavy damage to grass by LAWN GRASS ARMYWORM was reported in Aina Haina and Manoa Valley. A new infestation of an AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) was found at Poipu, Kauai, after several snail-free years. Introduced BENEFICIAL INSECTS continued to exert heavy stress on some weed and insect pests. A promising PARASITIC BRACONID WASP of armyworm was recovered on Hawaii for the first time. Cereal and Forage Insects: Damage to lawn grass (Zoysia spp.) by a new immigrant BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) was observed for the first time in Waipahu, Oahu. An upsurge of a LAWN GRASS ARMYWORM (Spodoptera mauritia acronyc- toides) in the Kailua-Kaneohe, Aina Haina and Manoa localities was also observed, A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Chloriona kolophron), a known pest of rice in Fiji, was found established on Oahu in 1961. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Anacamptodes fragilaria) caused moderate to heavy damage to alfalfa on Maui, a new State host record for this pest. Larvae of a new leaf-folding GELECHIID MOTH (Dichomeris sp.) were found damaging alfalfa at Ewa. Also damaging to this host were outbreaks of BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) at Kualoa and Mokuleia Ranches, Oahu. A GRASS- HOPPER (Atractomorpha ambigua) appeared in great numbers throughout the summer and fall on kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and caused light to moderate damage to cabbage and bean crops on Kauai Island. RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae), a vector of sugarcane mosaic, pest of sorghum and other crops, was found established on Oahu and Molokai for the first time. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: An APHID (Cinara sp.) was collected On loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings at Olinda, Maui, and serious damage to saplings was subsequently Observed. According to Dr. F. C. Hottes, specialist, this may be a new species. A twig-boring BARK BEETLE (Xyleborus morstatti), a serious pest of coffee, was discovered damaging twigs of pink tecoma (Tabebuia pallida) in Kailua, Oahu. It is widely distributed in tropical Africa, Madagascar, India, Fiji, Indonesia and other countries where it is reported on coffee, avocado, mango, cacao, mahogany, coca, elderberry and other plants. Locally, it has been recorded from Vitex trifolia, Hibiscus sp., Jasminum sp., J. pubescens, J. sambac, Vinca sp., Eugenia uniflora, Eranthemum eldorado, Pittosporum tobira and Tabebuia pallida. This is the first record of this pest in Hawaii and thus far it appears to be confined to Oahu. Another BARK BEETLE (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) was observed damaging live mango branches in Kaimuki, Oahu. It has been reported damaging live mango branches in India, but only occasional infestations have been reported locally. Seasonal ravages of a twig, seed and fruit-boring OLETHREUTID (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) came into focus during March and April when terminals of rainbow showertrees on windward Oahu were attacked. A native species, KOA SEEDWORM (C. illepida), was reported causing light damage to macadamia nuts at Honokaa, Keeau and Kona, Hawaii. A KOU MOTH (Ethmia colonella)was reported for the first time from Kauai, where it was defoliating kou (Cordia subcordata). A NOCTUID (Achaea janata) was active on castorbean (Ricinus communis) at Kailua, Oahu, and on Hawaii and Maui during the latter part of 1961. There were numerous reports of damage to ornamental croton by this pest. Light infestations of another NOCTUID (Polydesma umbricola) on monkeypod (Samanea saman) were reported from Kauai and Hawaii. oS Truck Crop Insects: SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was discovered in Manoa Valley, Oahu, in September, and constitutes a new record for Hawaii. Attempts to eradicate N. viridula were abandoned when it was learned that it had spread to other localities. A number of hosts have been recorded, but it is commonly found on soybeans and other legume crops. The first outbreak of a TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus prosperpina) was reported at Waimea Valley, Kauai, causing light to moderate damage on 7-10 acres of taro (Colocasia antiquorum) . An efficient egg-sucking parasite, a PLANT BUG (Cyr torhinus fulvus), appeared in great numbers and brought about effective control. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: Increased activity of NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma bovis) was reported from Hawaii where attacking flies caused cattle +o knock down fences on Puu Oo Ranch. This species was also active on Molokai and was reported from Kauai for the first time. Beneficial Insects: Incessant defoliation of lantana (Lantana camara var. aculeata) , a noxious weed pest, by introduced NOCTUIDS (Hypena strigata and Catabena esula), a PYRAUSTID (Syngamia haemorrhoidalis) and LANTANA LACE BUG (Teleonemia scrupulosa) caused dieback of many plants to ground level in Kau and North Kona, Hawaii, and at Keokea and Ulupalakua, Maui, during 1961. A destructive stem and root-boring CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Plagiohammus spinipennis) was very active in Kona and Kau, Hawaii, and its establishment appears likely. A PARASITIC BRACONID WASP (Apanteles militaris) , introduced from California in 1960 for the control of pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi), was recovered a month after release at Ewa, Oahu. It has been released and recovered in Kauai and Maui. Field collected aphids from these localities were heavily parasitized by this beneficial wasp. Excellent control of emex (Emex australis) by a leaf-feeding and stem-boring WEEVIL (Apion antiquum) , introduced from South Africa in 1957, was observed at the Parker Ranch, Hawaii. Releases on Maui and Oahu have become established and are beginning to spread. Miscellaneous Pests: An AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica), a pest of succulent vegetable crops and various ornamental and fruit trees, appears to have been eradicated from the Island of Hawaii. However, this was offset by the discovery of a colony at Poipu, Island of Kauai, which, until this discovery, was con- sidered snail free. GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) was a very trouble- some household pest during 1961 and numerous complaints were received. Although resistance to some insecticides by this pest is a matter of record, reasons for this upsurge in activity were not ascertained locally. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesrot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 February 16, 1962 Number 7 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG populations continue noneconomic in Texas and Oklahoma; however, close observations recommended in both states if favorable weather conditions occur. Other GRAIN PESTS continue noneconomic in Southwest. Light but increasing populations of PEA APHID on alfalfa in central and southwest Arizona. (p. 81). COMMON CATTLE GRUB infesting cattle in areas of Georgia and Arkansas, and continues active over Oklahoma. (p. 83). LADY BEETLES light in small grains and winter peas in scattered fields in southwest and south central Oklahoma, and active in alfalfa fields in New Mexico lightly infested with pea aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid. Adults of a Cuban May beetle (Phyllophaga bruneri) taken in Miami, Dade County, Florida, on 2 dates in January are first records for that month, and indicate adults are probably present during entire year. (p. 85). Forecasts of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPER surveys indicate that more than 1,000,000 acres of Forest Service land in 11 states and over 1,000,000 acres of U. S. Department of Interior land are economically infested. The outlook for 1962 appears somewhat more serious than that for 1961, especially in Montana. (p. 93). Insect Detection A scarab (Ceratophyus sp.) collected in Santa Barbara County, California, is probably first record of this genus in the Western Hemisphere. (p. 85). Very heavy infestation of northern fowl mite on 4,000 chickens in Sharp County, Arkansas, is first record for that county. (p. 84). Special Reports SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1961 Introduction - (p. 87). Weather of the Year 1961 - (p. 89). Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 - @ang3)r Grasshoppers - (p. 93). The Scientific Name of the Cowpea Aphid. (p. 86). FORK ACK RK NOTE Volume 11 of "Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States" is now available on request. This is a compilation of the separates, numbers 129-141, appearing in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report, Volume 11, 1961. PPC Division personnel will receive copies through their Regional Offices. Also available, in limited numbers, are Volumes 7, 8, 9 and 10 for the years 1957 through 1960. Another publication, "Survey Methods" - 1958, is also available. 2K KK 2K 2K 2 2K KK > Reports in this issue are for week ending February 9 unless otherwise indicated. = 80) o WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 12 Temperatures for the week averaged above normal west of a line joining Bismarck, North Dakota, and New Orleans, Louisiana, and below normal east of this line. Significant precipitation fell in many areas west of the Continental Divide, but was mostly limited to Florida and the Ohio Valley and adjacent areas in the East. In the Far West, where temperatures were rising most of the period, the week was 3° to 6° warmer than normal in the Great Basin and as much as 12° in the central Rockies. The abnormally mild weather in the Great Basin followed 3 weeks of unusually low temperatures there. Near-record-high temperatures for the date in Colorado reached the 70's and 80's in the eastern plains and the 50's and 60's in the mountains and western portions. The warm weather rapidly melted ice and snow in Wyoming and eastern Idaho where some locally severe flooding was reported. Heavy rains and snow in the Far West further brightened the water outlook there for the warm season of 1962, even though damaging floods and landslides occurred along the south coast of California where rainfall for the week totaled 2 to 9 inches. In the remainder of the State, total moisture generally ranged from 1.50 to 3.50 inches, except 2.00 to 9.00 inches in the mountains and only 0.10 to 0.35 inch in the northeastern and southeastern interior sections. In the northern mountains of California above 4,500 feet, the snow depth increased 54 inches at Soda Springs and 69 inches at Badger Pass. Heavy precipitation extended into Arizona and Utah, and considerable flooding was reported in the latter State. Wide temperature fluctuations occurred in the eastern half of the Nation. The coldest weather in the midcontinent region occurred during a cold air intrusion early in the week when some extreme lows reported included -42° at Crane Lake, Minnesota; -37° at Gordon, Wisconsin; -18° at Waukon, Iowa; and -32° at Pellston, Michigan. In Michigan, the temperature remained below freezing in the entire State after Monday and daily minima were zero or below until the last night of the period, Rising temperatures in the midcontinent area during the latter part of the period rose into the 70's as far north as South Dakota and set new records for February at Scottsbluff, North Platte and Grand Island, Nebraska. The weather was mild east of the Appalachians at the beginning of the period, with high temperatures in the 50's and 60's recorded northward into New England. Cold weather prevailed after the first or second day of the period, however, with lowest temperatures occurring during the weekend when the minima at many points in northern New York State ranged from -10° to -40° and a low of -21° was recorded at St. J»xhnsbury, Vermont. Earlier in the week, Greenville, Maine, reported -26°, Little or no precipitation fell in the Great Plains. Most of the precipitation in the Ohio Valley and Southeast fell on Thursday and Friday. In Florida, the week's moisture, which totaled 0.75 to 1.00 inch in the north-central Peninsula, 0.50 inch in the north and west, and 0.25 to 0.50 inch in the southern third of the State, was very beneficial in the north but furnished only temporary relief in the south which is plagued by dry soil and a high fire hazard, The snow cover in the East was extended southward from the extreme Northeast to southern West Virginia and south-central Virginia by snowfall on Thursday and Friday. Northern portions of Ohio and Indiana also were covered by 1 to 4 inches of snow during this storm, (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). Sal S CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Populations continue at noneconomic levels in all areas following severe freeze. Warm, open weather may contribute to spring buildups, and surveys will be conducted accordingly. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Noneconomic populations continue throughout State; counts ranged 0-6 per linear foot in west central and southwest and 0-2 per linear foot in south- east and east central areas. Close observation recommended to prevent buildup if favorable weather occurs, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations, 0-7 per linear foot, noted on wheat in Kiowa and Washita Counties. None noted in fields checked in Tillman-Cotton County area. Up to 8 per linear foot noted in Jefferson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations, 3 per linear foot, noted on wheat in Jefferson County. (Okia. Coop. Sur.). OREGON - Aphids reported heavily infesting fall planted wheat week ending November 11, 1961, identified as this species and Rhopalosiphum sp. Determination by Dr. C. F. Smith, North Carolina State College. Cf. CHIR 11(46) :1043.(Capizzi). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations on wheat in Kiowa and Washita Counties; fields checked in Tillman and Cotton Counties negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Populations continue at noneco- pomic levels in all areas following severe freeze. Warm, open weather may contribute to spring buildups; surveys will be conducted accordingly. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 15 per linear foot, on small grains throughout south- west and central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light to medium populations, 1-6 per linear foot, on small grains throughout southwestern area; larvae of various sizes with little feeding damage noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA —- Check in Harmon County revealed 10 larvae per 25 stalks; 80 percent of larvae were dead. (Okla. Coop. Sux.) A CRANE FLY (Tipula sp., not simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval infestation in soil around alfalfa roots at Witter Springs, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Infestations very low on alfalfa statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Checks in alfalfa in south- western area negative, but light populations on alfalfa in southeastern area, with 0.25 to 0.5 per square foot noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Infes- tations very light in alfalfa fields in Dona Ana, Sierra and Otero Counties; no infestations found on alfalfa in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Light but increasing populations continue on alfalfa in central and southwest areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Checks of alfalfa in southwest negative, but light populations on alfalfa in so..theast area, with 2 per square foot noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO —- Infestations very light in alfalfa fields in Doma Ana, Sierra and Otero Counties; no infestations found in alfalfa in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Light infestations of 4 to 5 aphids per plant present on young safflower in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Rpt.). = eves FRUIT INSECTS EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TEXAS - Egg masses abundant on fruit trees, principally peach and plum, in Austin area, Travis County. (Cook) . CITRICOLA SCALE (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) - ARIZONA - Light infestations in a few grapefruit groves in Peoria area, Maricopa County; counts of 20-30 scales per leaf common in heaviest infested areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) - FLORIDA - Light infestation on 7,650 plants of Citrus sinensis at Umatilla, Marion County, and moderate infestations at Glenwood, Volusia County. (Graham, Roberts, Feb. 1). CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - ALABAMA —- Moderately infested 20 acres of young pecans in Houston County. (Buttram). TRUCK CROP INSECTS TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to leaves and fruit of greenhouse tomatoes in Cherokee County. (Young). TOBACCO INSECTS VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light infesta- tions on tobacco in the plant bed in Colquitt, Cook and Berrien Counties. (Johnson, Jan. 31). Light infestations on tobacco in the plant bed in Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Cook and Worth Counties. (Johnson). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Total of 66 larvae collected from 29 blooms and 1,091 bolls of wild cotton on 2 locations near northern Key Largo, Monroe County. (Creamer, Jan. 27). Two larval specimens collected from 85 hibiscus blooms at Islamorada, Upper Matecumbe Key, Monroe County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - WASHINGTON —- Larvae feeding on fir (Abies spp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga spp.) in Mount Vernon area, Skagit County. (Brannon). A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Live pupae of an unidentified species very abundant in 2-year-old pine trees in Denton County. Attempts to rear moths from infested terminals being made, (Newton). A WHITEFLY (Aleuroplatus coronatus) - CALIFORNIA - Light on European chestnut in Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA - Collected on native plum (Prunus sp.) at Gainesville, Alachua County. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. Eggs hatched on February 4 at Gainesville. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). SRS SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - FLORIDA - Few, scattered infestations on chrysanthemums at Punta Gorda, Charlotte County. (Walsh, Jan, 29). A PHYCITID MOTH (Acrobasis grossbecki) - FLORIDA —- Infested Pyracantha sp. at Allandale, Volusia County. (RBRESmith,) dani. 12:5) A WEEVIL (Artipus floridanus) - FLORIDA - Generally moderate on Podocarpus sp. in nursery at Cocoa, Brevard County, on January 26. (Fla. Coop. Sur. AN APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - FLORIDA - Severe on arborvitae at Hawthorn, Alachua County; lighter at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Dekle, McCowan, Miller, Feb. 1). Coccids in Florida - FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) light on schefflera at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, and staghornfern at Largo, Pinellas County (Jan. 25). FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) moderate to severe on Paurotis wrighti at Largo, Pinellas County, and on Zamia sp. at Cocoa, Brevard County (Jan. 26). COCONUT MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus nipae) infes- ted 30 percent of 80 plants of Phoenix roebeleni at Samsula, Volusia County (Jan, 26). Phenacaspis cockerelli moderate on 200 Magnolia sp. plants at Eustis, Lake County (Jan. 31). Asterolecanium pustulans moderate on oleander at Nocatee, De Soto County, and on Africanviolet at Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County, (ian! 31). (Fla. ‘Coop. Sur). Coccids in Virginia - WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) heavy on privet at a location in Kenbridge, Lunenburg County (Amos, Powers, Jan. 6) and on cherry trees at a location in Gate City, Scott County (Amos, Rich, Jan. 22). JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) infesting juniper shrubs at a location in Newbern, Pulaski County. (Amos, Allison, Jan. 23). Probably BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) heavy on begonia at a Lynchburg location, Campbell County. (Amos, Feb. 2). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) heavy at a location in West Point, King William County. (Rowell, Jan. 14). BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of adults on roots of iris at Arlington, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Infes- ted amaryllis bulbs at a commercial establishment in Miami, Dade County. (McMillan, McFarlin, Jan. 30). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - GEORGIA - Survey in 5 counties showed infestations on cattle in 3 counties. Ranged 0.5-4 per animal on 53 infested head, of 143 cattle inspected in Putnam, Sumter and Thomas Counties. Inspection negative on 65 cattle in Glynn and Toombs Counties, February 2, Larval emergence 10-20 percent completed February 6 in Putnam County on cattle with average of 2.4 larvae per animal on January 23. Two herds of 31 cattle each inspected in Burke County; 23 head infested in one herd with average of 5.94 per animal and high of 40 on one bull; infestation in second herd averaged 9.6 per head on 24 animals. (Roberts). ARKANSAS - Check of 2 untreated herds in Carroll County showed one herd with average infestation of 5.1 per animal and second herd with average of 4.1 per animal. One treated herd was negative. All counts made January 23. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA — Populations somewhat lower than in past weeks, Ranged 0-33 per head (averaged 12) on yearling steers and heifers and ranged 0-2 per head on mature cows in Payne County. Activity continues over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Appeared on backs of cattle in Cache County. In Uintah County, 250 cattle treated by new systemics for grub control. (Knowlton, Lindsay) . ey CATTLE LICE — GEORGIA —- Inspection of 173 cattle in Putnam, Sumter, Thomas and Toombs Counties negative. Inspection in Glynn County indicated 15 cattle with heavy infestations and 20 cattle negative on February 2, Infestations moderate to heavy on 25 herd bulls. (Johnson, Roberts). OKLAHOMA —- Activity continues throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH —- Numerous cattle annoyed in Uintah County; 500 cattle dipped and 700 sprayed for control; 250 cattle treated by new systemics for lice control. (Knowlton, Lindsay). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Continues to be reported in Beaver, Woodward and Sequoyah Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO — Problem on swine in Bernalillo County; fair control obtained. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). HORSE SUCKING LOUSE (Haematopinus asini) - WASHINGTON - Heavy infestation on a horse at Stevenson, Skamania County. (Brannon). CHICKEN BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) - NEW MEXICO - Serious problem in flocks in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo County, possibly due to this pest. Good chemical control obtained, (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Very heavy on 4,000 chickens in Sharp County. This is a new county record. Mites were numerous and caused blackened feathers. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). VIRGINIA - Heavy on chickens at a location in Westmoreland County. Det. by L. Cagle. (Tarpley, Dawson, Dec. 22, 1961). A BEAVER ECTOPARASITE (Alphalaelaps aplodontiae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infesta- tion discovered on adult beaver at Smith River, Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt. MOSQUITOES - TEXAS - No control activities conducted in Jefferson County during January. (Jan. Rpt. Jefferson Co. Mosq. Cont. Comm.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) - MARYLAND - Infested home at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WASHINGTON — Heavy infestation in home in Pullman area, Whitman County. (Johansen). LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acanthomyops interjectus) - MARYLAND - Winged forms appeared in homes locally in Montgomery and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) - TEXAS - Becoming a nuisance and causing concern to resiuents locally in Houston area, Harris County, and Marble Falls area, Burnet County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt.). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs entered home at Pikesville, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Very abundant around and entering a home in Blacksburg, Montgomery County. (Tarpley, Fuller, Jan. 20). AN EARWIG - ALABAMA - Many severe infestations in homes in Russell and Lee Counties due to increased activity caused by warm weather. (Buttram). A SILVERFISH (Lepisma sp.) — NEW MEXICO — Very abundant in several homes in Dona Ana and Bernalillo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) - TEXAS - Heavy on wool carpeting in home in Eastland County. (Cooper A A BBC OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Larva collected in floor joist of 2-year-old home in Pearisburg, Giles County. (Rowell, Holpp, Jan. 4). Several larvae collected at Chester, Chesterfield County; had caused considerable damage to pine sills and framework of a house. (Amos, Jones, Feb. 6). ROUNDHEADED WOOD BORERS - UTAH - Emerged from Siberian elm and American elm fire- place logs in 2 homes at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton, Call). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - VIRGINIA - Heavy infestation in a home in Luray, Page County. (Tarpley, Scott, Feb. 2). DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE (Carpophilus hemipterus) - CALIFORNIA —- Medium infestation on rotten sweetpotatoes at Livingston, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES = OKLAHOMA - Light populations in small grains and winter peas in scattered fields in southwest and south central areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Active in alfalfa fields having light infestations of Macrosiphum pisi and Therioaphis maculata. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA — Adults taken in light traps at 2 localities in Miami, Dade County, on January 11 and 25. These are first records for January and indicate that adults are probably present during entire year. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A SCARAB (Ceratophyus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - This scarab of the subfamily Geotrupinae not yet placed to species was collected 6 miles north of Lompoc and at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County. So far as known, this is the first record of this genus in the Western Hemisphere, Early investigation shows this beetle to have burrows from 6 inches to 3 feet with mounds from 2 to 4 inches at the surface, causing unsightly conditions on lawns and golf courses. This beetle is a member of a group which normally feeds on dung and decaying organic matter, Investigation of this species is being pursued. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COCKROACHES - FLORIDA = Following species intercepted on shipment of bananas at Tampa, Hillsborough County, on October 25, 1961. Neoblattella fratercula, Neoblat-— tella n. sp. and Nyctibora sp. Det. by A. B. Gurney; collected by J. W. Patton. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A MIRID BUG (Bothynotus modestus) - FLORIDA - Collected at Daytona Beach, Volusia County, on January 4, in Steiner trap. Det. by R. F. Hussey. A seldom collected species. (Desin). AN EARWIG (Labia curvicauda) - FLORIDA - Rarely collected species found on Islamorada, Monroe County, on December 28, 1961. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). SLUGS - CALIFORNIA - GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) and two introduced Slugs, D. caruanae and Arion echinopus found under boards and stones in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, San Francisco County; infestation light. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). =e Gu LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Estig. Spodop. Feltia Prod. Helio. Pseud. Agrot. acrea exigua subterr, ornith. zea unip. ips. ARIZONA Mesa 2/1-7 1 21 46 1 FLORIDA Quincy 2/5 3 1 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 2/5-11 iz 5 4 6 FOR AO OK OK OK 2K 2K AK IK THE SCIENTIFIC NAME FOR THE COWPEA APHID The aphid, on various crops in the United States, that until recently has been determined as Aphis medicaginis Koch, probably has been misidentified and is now thought to be Aphis craccivora Koch, There is some doubt at present that A. medicaginis even occurs in North America, European workers have stated that A. medicaginis is found only on legumes, while A. cracci- vora has many other hosts as well as legumes. The Federal specialist in the group, Miss Louise M. Russell, would welcome specimens thought to be A. medicaginis. Collections should be sent to Dr. W. H. Anderson, Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland. = OY Ss SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1961 INTRODUCTION The summary of insect conditions beginning in this issue and continuing in several succeeding issues of the Cooperative Economic Insect Report was compiled in Survey and Detection Operations from annual summaries that were submitted by various State and Federal cooperators. This is the third year that a compiled summary has been published. The summary will follow the same format which is used in the weekly issues of the CEIR, with some minor exceptions. Survey and Detection Operations is especially grateful to each individual who assisted with the preparation of the 1961 summary. Listed below are the names of individuals who helped assemble the data for the summary. ALABAMA KANSAS J. R. Buttram L. L. Peters, C. C. Burkhardt, L. J. DePew, E. L. Eshbaugh, ALASKA T. L. Harvey, F. W. Knapp, R. H. Washburn H. C. Knutson, R. H. Painter, R. L. Parker, C. W. Pitts, ARIZONA E. L. Soderstrom, H. E. Thompson, Leon Moore et al. D. A. Wilbur, D. E. Gates, J. H. L. Bell, D. J. Fitchett, H. Hohnholt, ARKANSAS E. T. Jones, W. H. Somsen, W. P. Boyer Ge De White, i. A. Cadikins®, R. D. Charlton, C. Guldner CALIFORNIA R. M. Hawthorne et al. MAINE L. W. Boulanger, R. W. Nash et al. COLORADO L. E. Jenkins et al. MARYLAND W. C. Harding, Jr. CONNECTICUT J. P. Johnson, A. Hawkins, MICHIGAN E. C. Minnum, R. J. Quinton, Ray Hutson M. Savos, J. C. Schread MINNESOTA DELAWARE R. G. Flaskerd P, B. Burbutis MISSOURI R. EK. Munson et al. FLORIDA R. E. Woodruff, W. A. Simanton MONTANA G. R. Roemhild, E. H. Juntunen GEORGIA W. C. Johnson et al. NEBRASKA P. W. Bergman, J. Bell, C. Calkins, IDAHO D. Fitchett, A. Hagen, J. Herhahn, A. R. Gittins et al. Re Hil C.. Jones).“D).» Kindilex,; A. Kishaba, G. Manglitz, K. Pruess, ILLINOIS W. Rapp, R. Roselle, R. Staples, C. E. White, R. Meyer H. Stevens, G. Stokes, C. Walstron, M. Webb INDIANA J. V. Osmun, W. L. Butts, H. O. Deay, NEVADA R. C. Dobson, R. T. Everly, R. L. R. C. Bechtel et al. Giese, G. E. Gould, D. L. Hamilton, G. E. Marshall, D. L. Matthew, J. D. NEW HAMPSHIRE Paschke, D. L. Schuder, M. C. Wilson J. G. Conklin Po -Y- aeee NEW JERSEY SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Entomology, Rutgers R. L. Hanten University; and Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant TEXAS Industry, State of New Jersey W. He Newton et al. NEW MEXICO UTAH New Mexico Cooperative Survey G. F. Knowlton, D. W. Davis, H. F. Thorniey, H. Eb. Dorsiti; NEW YORK B. A. Haws, J. L. Frykman A. A. Muka et al. et al. NORTH DAKOTA VERMONT Vv. V. Goodfellow G. B. MacCollom OHIO : VIRGINIA Ohio Agricultural Experiment M. A. Tarpley, W. S. Hough, Station staff, James Walker et al. M. L. Bobb, R. N. Hofmaster, C. B. Dominick, C. R. Willey, OKLAHOMA F. R. Freund 5S. E. Kunz et al. WASHINGTON OREGON C. A. Johansen et al. Joe Capizzi et al. WISCONSIN “PENNSYLVANIA M. S. Conrad, D. A. Mount E. J. Udine WYOMING RHODE ISLAND D. G. Fullerton H. L. Hansen, J. A. Mathewson, TOW KEL ii. Also included in the 1961 summary are notes from the following special reports. "Forest Insect Conditions in the United States - 1961'"'. Compiled by J. W. Bongberg, D. Crosby, W. J. Buckhorn, P. W. Orr, R. C. Hall, T. T. Terrell, R. I. Washburn, F. M. Yasinski, D. A. Pierce, P. Flink, D. Renlund, J. F. Wootten, W. D. Buchanan, D. VanDenburg, D. Ketcham, W. L. Freeman, Jr.; and the Division of Timber Management at Denver, Colorado, and Division of State and Private Forestry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The above-named summary is issued by the U. S. Forest Service and will be available upon request later in 1962. "Summary of Fruit and Insect Conditions, 1961 New York-New England Fruit Spray Specialist Conference", compiled by L. W. Boulanger, Maine Agricultural Experi- ment Station, from the conference held at Burlington, Vermont, October 25, 1961. "Summary of Cotton Insect Conditions in South Carolina and Mississippi - 1961", compiled by H. M. Taft and M. E. Merkl. Eegou= WEATHER OF THE YEAR 1961 Conditions in Brief Mild, dry weather prevailed in the northern Great Plains and Far West during the first 2 months of 1961. In the lower Great Plains and East, the weather was cold and stormy in January, but unseasonably mild in February. Extremely cold: weather persisted in the Northeast from January 18 to February 4. A blizzard occurred in southern New England on January 19 and 20, and an 18-inch snowstorm in New York City on February 3 to 5. Spring was cold, wet, and stormy in the eastern half of the Nation, and about normal in the western half. Snowfall during winter and spring in the Far West was much below normal except in extreme northern areas. Damaging floods occurred in Iowa and Wisconsin in March, in Indiana in April, and in Kansas and the Ohio Valley in May. Summer was unusually hot and dry in the northern Great Plains and Far West. Crop acreages were reduced in many areas of the Far West owing to a short supply of irrigation water, and a high fire hazard existed for prolonged periods. In California, high temperatures on June 13 to 17 damaged fruit and vegetables to the extent of millions of dollars. Spring and summer drought reduced small grain yields in the northern Great Plains. Summer was about normal in the rest of the country, except less hot than usual in south-central areas. Autumn was cooler than normal from the Great Plains to the Pacific Coast, and abnormally mild east of the Mississippi River. This tempera-— ture pattern held true for each of the three fall months. Autumn precipitation was abnormally heavy in most of the midcontinent area and Rocky Mountain region, but was extremely deficient in the South Atlantic States. Month by Month Summary JANUARY - This was one of the driest and sunniest Januarys on record. In most interior sections of the country precipitation was less than 25 percent of normal and sunshine ranged from 140 to 200 percent of normal. Temperatures during the month were unusually mild in the northern Great Plains and Far West. San Diego and Los Angeles, California, had their warmest January on record. Temperatures for the month averaged well below normal in the lower Great Plains and east of the Mississippi River, owing to extremely cold weather which began on January 20 and persisted through the remainder of the month. During this period, subzero minima ranged from -40° or lower in North Dakota and Minnesota, to -1° or lower in Texas, Arkansas, and northern Georgia. The first general freeze of the winter occurred in the Florida Everglades, with lowest temperatures there on the morning of the 22d. In much of the South this was the coldest January since 1940, and December 1960 and January 1961 combined was the coldest such period in the middle and lower Atlantic Coastal States since 1917-18. Snowfall, while generally less than 50 percent of normal, was heavier than usual in north Texas and the Northeast. Two major snowstorms occurred in the latter area. The first, on the 15th and 16th, deposited several inches of snow in western Maryland, southeastern portions of Pennsylvania and New York, western Massachusetts, and as much as 10 to 15 inches in south-central Massachusetts and northwestern Connecticut. The second major snowstorm occurred on the 19th and 20th, when falls in Maryland totaled about 2 inches in southern portions of the State, and from 5 to 16 inches in north-central and western portions, and nearly 8 inches in Washington, D. C. In New Jersey, 10- to 12-inch falls were measured over most of the State, with 24 to 30 inches in the extreme northwestern portion. Most of Pennsylvania received 4 to 12 inches, with as much as 19 inches in the Susquehanna Valley, southeastern New York 6 to 12 inches, and southern New England 10 to 20 inches. This second heavy snowstorm was a blizzard in southern New England where 10- to 15-foot drifts virtually paralyzed normal activities. This was the second blizzard of the winter in New England where true blizzards are rather rare. =,90e— FEBRUARY - In general the weather was mild and dry in the western half of the Nation, and mild and wet in the East. However, the first week was unusually cold in the East, and in parts of the Northeast one of the most prolonged, severe cold periods on record ended February 4 when temperatures rose above freezing for the first time since January 18. Frost penetration was unusually deep in many northern areas, and frozen water pipes were reported in sections of Wisconsin and New England. Snowfall was again below normal in the Far West, but was unusually heavy from northern Texas northeastward through the Ohio Valley and Middle Atlantic States. Two major snowstorms accounted for most of the snow in the Northeast. During the first storm on the 3d and 4th, heavy amounts were measured from Virginia to New England, over 8 inches in Washington, D. C., 10 to 20 inches in much of Pennsylvania, and 1 to over 2 feet in much of south and central portions of New England and New York State. Strong winds produced drifts up to 10 feet high. In parts of the Northeast a heavy snow cover was already on the ground, and after this storm depths ranged up to 55 inches in Litchfield County, Connecticut, and up to 40 inches over Worcester County, Massa- chusetts. The second storm on the 8th dumped heavy snow, ranging from 5 to 15 inches, over Maryland and northern Virginia, where several roofs collapsed under the weight of the snow which ranged up to 31 inches deep at Chewsville, Maryland, and 44 inches at Lantz, Maryland. In the midcontinent area, up to a foot of snow fell in the Texas Panhandle on the 4th, 10 to 15 inches in sections of northern Iowa on the 17th and 18th, and 10 to 20 inches west of Lubbock, Texas, on the 20th. Over an inch of glaze caused heavy damage in northern and western Iowa on the 17th and 18th. Heavy rainfall from the 18th through the 25th caused major flooding in Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Monthly totals were the greatest on record for February at Atlanta, Georgia (12.77 inches), Birmingham, Alabama (17.67 inches), and Mobile, Alabama (13.38 inches). The first outbreak of severe thunder- storms and tornadoes occurred in the lower Great Plains on the 17th and 18th. MARCH - The weather of March was generally mild and wet, although southern Texas and the northern Great Plains were extremely dry. Much flooding occurred in central and southern sections of the Nation. A cold spell occurred east of the Rockies on the 9th and 10th when freezing occurred in the Winter Garden area of southern Texas and light to moderate frost in the Florida Everglades, causing some light to moderate crop damage. Another cold spell on the 17th and 18th was limited mainly to New England, with subzero minima rather general over that section. At the end of the month, soil moisture was deficiant in southern Texas and in the northern Great Plains. Precipitation occurred on about half the days and was unusually heavy for the month in the central Great Plains and Mississippi Valley. In the upper Mississippi Valley, floods were responsible for millions of dollars damage. Several snowstorms occurred in the midcontinent area during the month, Heavy snow from the central Great Plains to the Great Lakes, from the 3d to the 8th, accumulated to more than a foot at numerous locations and the ground remained covered until about midmonth, From the 6th to the 8th, snowfall up to 20 inches in northern Lowa was drifted as much as 20 feet high in northeastern Iowa, Snowfall in the Far West was substantial in Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, but the mountain snowpack still remained below normal except for near normal amounts in Washington and New Mexico. Numerous, severe local storms in central and southeastern sections of the country during March were highlighted by a tornado which killed 1 person, injured 115, and damaged 3,000 homes and other buildings. A very severe hailstorm with stones up to 4.5 inches in diameter, struck Shreveport, Louisiana, on the 27th, and damaged more than 10,000 buildings. APRIL — April was abnormally cold, with heavy snowfall in many northern areas, Freezing about midmonth in the Far West damaged fruit buds in local areas. Precipitation was much below normal in the Florida Peninsula and the lower Great Plains, and droughty conditions continued in the Great Basin and Far Southwest. Near to above-normal precipitation elsewhere was beneficial in the northern Great Plains, but resulted in considerable flooding in the Mississippi Basin and South- east where wet soil delayed spring planting. This month was the coldest April = HOH n= since 1907 at numerous points in the middle Mississippi Valley and Eastern States. Snowfall was again abnormally light in the Far West, but was above average from the northern Great Piains to the Atlantic coast. On the 15th, 16th, and 17th heavy snow fell over north-central areas, and strong winds drifted the snow 10 feet high in northern portions of Illinois and Indiana, stranding thousands of travelers. Numerous storms of wind and hail and several tornadoes occurred in the lower midcontinent area and the Southeast the latter part of the month. One storm of hail and wind damaged about 30,000 buildings, with damage of several million dollars, in Joliet, Illinois, on the 23d. MAY — Unseasonably cold weather that began in April continued through May east of the Rocky Mountains. It was the coldest May on record at points in the Ohio and middle Mississippi Valleys. Temperatures during the closing days of the month fell to the lowest levels on record for so late in the season at numerous stations from the Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic coast, and snowfalls in the north- central Interior were among the latest on record at numerous locations. Extremely heavy precipitation from the east-central Great Plains eastward through the Ohio Valley was responsible for flooding along many streams during most of the month, Spring, from an agricultural standpoint, was about 2 weeks later than usual in much of the eastern half of the country as a result of continued cold, wet weather. Drought continued in the Far Southwest. The worst tornado of the month killed 16 persons, injured more than 50, and destroyed many buildings as it moved over Howe and Reichert, Oklahoma, on the 5th. JUNE - Unseasonably cool weather continued in the southeastern quarter of the Nation for the third consecutive month. Some stations in the Southeast had their coolest June of record, and others the coolest May-June period on record. In contrast, the month was among the hottest Junes on record in the Far West. In the Far Southwest, several stations reported daily minima in the middle and high 80's, the hottest nights in that region in many years. Precipitation was extremely heavy along the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts, with some flooding in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Hot, dry weather created a drought in the northern Great Plains by the end of the month, and continued the severe drought in Utah and Nevada, considered to be the worst drought since 1934 and,perhaps, on record in the latter State. A high fire hazard existed in most of the Far West. JULY - Unseasonably cool weather continued in much of the eastern half of the United States for the fourth consecutive month. This was the coolest July in 50 or 60 years at Atlanta, Georgia, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Abilene, Texas, and the coolest May-June-July period on record at St. Louis, Missouri. However, the weather was extremely hot and humid in the Atlantic Coastal States the last 10 days of the month. Hot, humid weather continued for the second consecutive month west of the Continental Divide. At Sacramento, California, an intense heat wave from June 13 to July 28, during which the temperature rose to 90° or above on 38 days and to 105° or above on 11 days, was one of the longest and hottest periods there in 85 years of record. Precipitation was unusually heavy in a broad belt extending from Texas to the Great Lakes. Monthly totals ranged up to more than a foot at some stations. Although some flooding occurred in Texas and Louisiana, the rainfall in this belt was generally well distributed through the month and furnished plenty of moisture for good crop growth, Rain- fall was also plentiful in the remainder of the East, except along the Atlantic coast where several areas needed more moisture, Above-normal rainfall in the upper Mississippi Valley generally relieved the dry soil conditions that developed there in June, In the northern Great Plains, the overall drought situation showed some improvement owing to showery weather which began about the 10th and occurred at intervals during the remainder of the month. Rains were too late, however, for the grain crop in western North Dakota and eastern Montana, Dry weather continued in most of the Far West; a high fire hazard -~ 92 - existed; and at Reno, Nevada, reservoirs were at lowest levels since 1934, and partial rationing of both domestic and irrigation water supplies was in effect. Numerous severe, local storms and flash floods occurred in the midcontinent area. A tornado injured 22 persons in Sidney, Ohio, and vicinity on the 28th. A flash flood in Charleston, West Virginia, on the 19th, was blamed for 22 deaths and millions of dollars damage. AUGUST - The month was notable for record-breaking heat from the Dakotas to the Pacific coast. Many stations with long-term records in this area had their hottest August on record, among which were Rapid City, South Dakota; Sheridan, Wyoming; Portland, Oregon; Havre, Montana; and Seattle, Washington. At Orofino, Idaho, 116° recorded on the 4th was the highest temperature ever recorded in that State during August, and 118° at Ice Harbor Dam, Washington, set a new August record for that State. The month was unusually cool in south-central areas where temperatures were persistently below normal. Shreveport, Louisiana, had its coolest August on record, Precipitation was spotty across the Nation, with monthly totals ranging from only a few hundreths or none at all at some western stations; up to 10 inches or more in the South and East. In the northern Great Plains, where droughty conditions prevailed most of the summer, August was extremely dry and the drought continued. Large areas in the Southwest received beneficial amounts. Rainfall was generally adequate for agriculture east of the Great Plains. SEPTEMBER - The weather of September was highlighted by Hurricane Carla, which was blamed for 46 deaths, over 500 injuries, and property losses estimated in the neighborhood of $200 million. Carla's path across east Texas was accompanied by extremely heavy rains of 10 to 16 inches along the first 50 miles of her path inland, and,in a wide belt from north Texas to Michigan, amounts generally ranged from 3 to 8 inches. These heavy rains were mainly responsible for the greatest monthly totals of precipitation on record at Chicago and Peoria, Illinois, 14.17 and 13.09 inches, respectively. Heavy rains in the northern Great Plains helped replenish soil moisture depleted by summer drought. The month was dry in the Southeast where soil moisture in many localities was very short. Temperatures for the month averaged below normal west of the Mississippi River and above in the East. The month was unusually cool in the Rocky Mountain region following an extremely hot summer there, Temperatures averaged below normal in the lower Great Plains for the sixth consecutive month. September was the fourth consecu- tive relatively warm month in the Northeast. Several northern localities had unusually early snowfall. A fall of 4.2 inches at Denver, Colorado, on the 3d, was the earliest on record there; Williston, North Dakota, had 1.5 inches on the 2d, the most on record there for so early in the season; and Omaha, Nebraska, had its first snowfall in September since 1891, OCTOBER - Pleasant weather prevailed during October. Temperatures for the month averaged within 4° of normal in all sections of the country, and only a few relatively small areas had unusually heavy precipitation. The season's first freezes in most areas generally occurred on or near their normal dates and caused no significant crop damage. Dry, sunny weather favored maturity and harvesting of crops. Few severe storms occurred, and flooding was limited to a few local areas, Three pronounced weather abnormalities occurred during the month, however. A record-breaking heat wave in southern California on the 14th and 15th sent the mercury to the highest points on record for October at San Diego (107°) and Los Angeles (106°) on the 14th, and to the highest mark reported anywhere in the United States during the month at Long Beach (111°) on the 15th. Extremely dry weather in the Southeast, where some stations reported no precipi- tation at all, was unfavorable for pastures and fall-sown grains, but favored harvesting operations. ‘Snowfall was unusually heavy in the northern Rocky Mountain region, with falls up to 2 feet in Wyoming during the first week. S Oe} General snowfall in the Rockies late in the month ranged up to more than 3 ieet in Colorado and up to a foot in the northern and western mountains of New Mexico, On the 20th and 21st, snowfall in the lower Appalachians, while generally light, ranged up to 23 inches in Nicholas County, West Virginia, where the snow was wet and heavy and caused considerable damage. NOVEMBER - The weather was cold and snowy in much of the Far West and southwestern Great Plains, and unseasonably mild in the northern Great Plains and east of the Mississippi River. Precipitation was unusually heavy in south-central portions of the Nation and caused some flooding there. The month was extremely dry in the Dakotas and some adjacent areas of surrounding states. Considerable snow fell in the far western mountains. Accumulations in the Cascade Mountains increased about 4 feet during the month, Snowfall, in general, was unseasonably light east of the Rockies, although some locally heavy falls were reported in the Northeast. In southwestern California, forest fires on the 6th were responsible for millions of dollars damage. DECEMBER - December was a rather cold month in nearly all sections of the country. The first half of the month was unusually cold in the western two-thirds of the Nation, and the second half rather mild. In the eastern third, the last week was unusually cold. Freezing and frost occurred in portions of the Florida Everglades on the 26th and 30th, and tender vegetable crops were damaged. The last part of the second week was extremely cold in the midcontinent area, and -—26° at Kirwin, Kansas, equaled the lowest temperature ever recorded in that State during December. Precipitation, much of which was in the form of snow in northern areas, was very light in much of the Great Plains area and the Florida Peninsula and south Atlan- tic coastal areas, and unusually heavy in a large area extending from the lower Appalachian region to the central Gulf coastal region and including the lower Mississippi Valley. Most of the heavy rainfall in this region fell during the first half of the month, and considerable flooding occurred during the last 3 weeks. Snowfall in the Far West was heavier than in December 1960. Heavy snow fell in an area extending from the central Great Plains to New England on the 22d through the 25th. This storm was a severe blizzard in parts of Iowa where more than a foot of drifting snow stranded thousands of workers and travelers, and amounts in the Northeast ranged up to about 2 feet in central New England. Several inches of snow fell in the Atlantic Coast States from Georgia to southern New England at the end of the month. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). FIO OR IO I OK AOR FOK IK SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1961 GRASSHOPPERS Highlights: There was a significant increase in grasshopper populations on range- land in the Midwestern and Western States as shown by the 1961 adult survey. This was particularly true in parts of Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Surveys indicate that 1,018,970 acres of Forest Service lands in 11 states may be economically infested in 1962, and 10,000 acres of Forest Service lands in Utah may require Mormon cricket baiting in 1962. On U. S. Department of Interior lands, 1,030,640 acres are economically infested with grasshoppers, while Mormon crickets infest 28,000 acres on such lands. The outlook for 1962 appears to be somewhat more serious than that for 1961. Rather substantial acreages in several Western States had high populations of grasshoppers laying eggs at the end of the summer. Late fall examinations revealed some increase in parasites and predators, but these natural controls probably will not substantially reduce the threat, A total of 487,085 acres were cooperatively treated in Montana, North Dakota, Oregon and Wyoming during the summer of 1961, Oa = The chart below depicts the acres supporting moderate or heavy populations of grasshoppers on rangeland, This is based upon the results of the cooperative adult surveys made during the late summer and fall of 1961. The figures for each state include private, state and Federal lands totaling 13,351,890 acres. g Land Ownership - Acres g State Private and State ; Public Domain : Total Acres Arizona g 35,250 B 22,750 B 58 , 000 California 8 542,890 : 36,000 Q 578 , 890 Colorado g 574,100 : 37,700 : 611,800 Idaho g 75,250 : 215,610 8 290,860 Montana : 6,737,000 1,221,000 7,958,000 Nevada 8 15,830 g 52,000 8 67,830 New Mexico ¢ 776, 500 g 13,500 8 790 ,000 North Dakota : 219,160 : 236 , 320 : 455,480 Oklahoma g 185,000 g =m 8 185,000 Oregon g 100,800 8 13, 500 114,300 South Dakota 8 191,260 R 103,320 s 294,580 Texas g 577,300 g === § 577 , 300 Utah 8 216,800 RB 100 , 750 $ 317,550 Washington 8 637,000 $ 2,000 g 639,000 Wyoming g 393, 500 : 19,700 g 413 , 200 Grasshopper infestations on croplands were generally higher than those of 1960. Considerable control was practiced in areas of the North Central States. DICK IK IR IO ARI IK AC 2 The predominant species of grasshoppers occurring in rangeland areas of CALIFORNIA were DEVASTATING GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus devastator) , CLEAR-WINGED GRASSHOPPER (Camnula peliucida) and Oedaleonatus enigma. Results of the adult survey in the late summer of 1961 indicate some 578,890 acres had moderate to heavy populations. Most of this acreage is in the northern part of the State. This figure is approx- imately one-half the area reported in 1960. In 1960, the fungus disease Entomo- phthora grylli was very prevalent and, along with a drought condition, is consid- ered responsible for the lack of high populations in 1961. The fungus disease occurred early in 1961, but was not as prevalent as in the previous year. Drought conditions prevailed during 1961 in California and early indications of large populations did not develop. A few local areas required control measures, but no large scale treatments were applied and cropland invasions by grasshoppers were few and very local. An unusual occurrence of heavy populations of devasta- ting grasshopper adults was found in several hundred acres of rangeland in the area east of Red Bluff, Tehama County, in January. This population decreased rapidly and, by April, only an occasional grasshopper could be found. Generally, light grasshopper populations occurred early and developed into heavy populations on alfalfa by June in the North Desert, San Bernardino County, Cali- fornia, Very heavy populations occurred in the Coahuila Indian Reservation in April, which required treatment of several thousand acres later in the season in Riverside County. Some heavy populations developed and required treatment in mountain areas in San Diego County. Spotted, heavy populations developed early on alfalfa in Imperial County. In June, areas that were infested with grass= hoppers developed medium to heavy populations and considerable ‘local control measures were used. Tomatoes and plums were damaged by medium populations in Esparto and Dunigan, Yolo County. Olives in Corning and irrigated pastures in El Camino were invaded in Tehama County. Grain, alfalfa and pastures had medium to heavy grasshopper populations which required baiting in the Scott and Shasta Valleys, Siskiyou County. Generally, heavy populations invaded home gardens and pastures, requiring bait and spray control in Shasta County. Light populations =O 5a damaged Christmastree plantings in Santa Cruz County; medium populations damaged safflower plantings in Panoche, San Benito County; medium infestations damaged pastures, range and home gardens in Lincoln, Placer County. Varying grasshopper populations, ranging from light to heavy, occurred in orchards, vineyards and rangeland in Anderson Valley, Covelo and Hopland, Mendocino County. High popula- tions developed on rangeland in Burns-Morgan Valley, Lower Lake and Middletown in Lake County. Generally, light grasshopper populations occurred in Calaveras County, California, with a few heavy, local populations, Light populations developed in home gardens in Le Grand, Merced County. Generally, light populations were present on range- lands in Amador County and heavy populations developed in clover plantings in San Joaquin County. Medium to heavy local populations developed on rangeland in July in Humboldt County. Populations in other areas began tapering off during July. In general, grasshoppers were a local problem in California, and were controlled by baiting or by chemical treatments. Grasshopper populations increased in Douglas, Elko, Eureka and Humboldt Counties, NEVADA, during 1961. In Douglas County, increases occurred in alfalfa and wild hay hay fields, with clear-winged grasshopper, MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus bilituratus) , RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER (M. femurrubrum) and PACKARD GRASSHOPPER (Mt. packardii) the dominant species. In the latter 3 counties, increases occurred primarily in crested wheatgrass seedings, burned rangeland and wild hay fields, with Aulocara elliotti, migratory grasshopper, clear-winged grass-— hopper and Oedaleonotus enigma as the most prevalent species, Over 3,700 acres of crested wheatgrass and adjacent rangeland were treated in the Orovada and Paradise Valley areas of Humboldt County in 1961. The economic populations found during the 1961 fall adult grasshopper survey were primarily in the above-mentioned counties. Grasshoppers were present in large numbers on rangeland in eastern MONTANA, mainly Ageneotettix deorum. Migratory grasshopper was found in east central and northeastern Montana grain fields and on rangeland. Statewide populations of grasshoppers were generally considerably higher than those recorded in 1960 in IDAHO; and, as in the past, migratory grasshopper was the more commonly encoun- tered species. Grasshopper outbreaks in the eastern rangelands of WASHINGTON were the worst since 1955. Scattered infestations of first instars were found in the eastern area of Washington by early June, of which 90 percent were migratory grasshopper and 10 percent TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus bivittatus) and Packard grasshopper. Heavy infestations developed in most of the eastern rangeland and some intermingled croplands by late July in the State; several hundred thousand acres. Considerable treatments were applied by individual ranchers in Washington. Migratory grasshopper was not an economic problem during 1961 in ALASKA, Grasshopper damage increased in the dryfarm area of UTAH in 1961, often due to a buildup of these insects in Conservation Reserve Lands. Damage for the State in crop and range was estimated at $915,000, while control practices resulted in a saving estimated to be $620,000. Many farmers in larger outbreak areas in Utah were discouraged in controlling grasshoppers because of the anticipated low yields. Conservation Reserve farmers had no incentive to control grasshoppers. The dominant species in Utah in 1961 were migratory grasshopper, two-striped grasshopper, Packard grasshopper, red-legged grasshopper, clear-winged grass- hopper, Melanoplus brumeri, M. borealis and Aulocara elliotti. Several small incipient infestations of range grasshoppers were controlled with ground units in Iron and Kane Counties. Grasshoppers were a problem on rangeland grasses and on alfalfa in some areas of ARIZONA during 1961, but generally they were of only minor importance. In NEW MEXICO, no cooperative control programs were conducted on rangeland during the year, Feary but several heavy infestations developed, especially in eastern sections of the State. Populations on rangeland in COLORADO were economic, 4 to 40 per Square yard, in areas of Baca, Las Animas, Huerfano, Pueblo, Fremont, Archuleta, =(96n= San Miguel, Kiowa, Cheyenne and Yuma Counties. No cooperative control program was initiated in any of the Colorado areas concerned. Some growers used bait and sprays where grasshoppers were adjacent to croplands. The species present included Cordillacris occipitalis, Aulocara elliotti, migratory grasshopper, two-striped grasshopper, Melanoplus confusus, M. occidentalis, Aeoloplides turnbulli and Ageneotettix deorum. Loss of livestock feed due to grasshoppers in Colorado was light because of the excellent moisture conditions which pre- vailed. Weight gains by cow-calf units were very good during the grazing season, Areas that are expected to have high grasshopper populations in 1962 include por- tions of Huerfano, Pueblo, Baca, Las Animas,Kiowa, Crowley and Yuma Counties. The infestations in these areas are present on land adjacent to cropland. Grass- hoppers damaged 4 drill widths of fall-planted wheat in Kiowa and Crowley Counties; bait and spray were applied to prevent further damage by grasshoppers migrating from Conservation Reserve Lands. Grasshoppers also caused a light amount of damage to barley in a few fields that were adjacent to Conservation. Reserve Land in Colorado. Grasshopper infestations in WYOMING were not as serious as they were in 1960 except for a fairly large infestation in north central Crook County, approximately 8,000 acres in Sheridan County and scattered infestations in Campbell County. There has been a definite increase in both population numbers and area infested by grasshoppers in NEBRASKA, Many small areas of economic infestation were found present over most of the State, especially in the east, southeast and south sec- tions. However, the northeast area contains a general infestation. Migrations in Nebraska were on a local basis. Chief centers of populations were in Conser- vation Reserve Land, idle land, legumes and small pastures, The dominant species varied with the locality and fields. There was a definite increase in red-legged grasshopper in the eastern one-third of Nebraska, and there are indications of an increase in two-striped grasshopper and of DIFFERENTIAL GRASSHOPPER (Melan- oplus differentialis) in croplands over the State. Migratory grasshopper is quite general both in rangeland and cropland and has increased slightly. In most instances, economic grasshopper populations were a combination of two or more of the above-named species. The rangeland infestations have undergone considerable change from a species standpoint in the last 3 years. Areas of Nebraska formerly carrying economic populations of 90 percent Ageneotettix deorum have changed to a multiple species complex, with A. deorum making up less than half of the total population. Grasshoppers remained at a very low level of infestation in KANSAS, and only a few farmers applied controls. A few areas in the southwest reported grasshoppers to be a problem in fall-seeded wheat. The predominant crop species were migra- tory grasshopper, red-legged grasshopper and differential grasshopper. In OKLAHOMA, early instar grasshopper nymphs began to appear in the southwest by late April, with damaging infestations in areas of the southwest, west central and south central sections by mid to late May. Light populations were present on range and cropland in the northwest and panhandle areas by early June. Popu- lations remained generally light throughout the panhandle area, with some local-=- ized moderate to threatening populations. By mid-July, counts declined in the southwest, but locally heavy populations were noted in the northwest. Economic populations doing marginal damage to crops and rangeland were reported until late August when the populations began to decline in the northwest and panhandle areas, Light to noneconomic populations were generally existent in the eastern half of Oklahoma. Some localized marginal damage was noted to wheat fields in the northwest in the early fall when native forage became less palatable. Generally, grasshopper damage was light in Oklahoma even though large popula- tions existed. Abundant natural forage was present, which made damage to range- land less noticeable. The predominant species in the State were Aulocara eattot Ageneotettix deorum, Amphitornus coloradus, Hesperotettix viridis, speciosus, two=striped gra: grasshopper, migratory grasshopper, Packard grass-= Fopeee differential grasshopper, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum and Syrbula admirabilis. Qi Differential grasshopper was the primary cause of grasshopper damage to sorghum in various sections of TEXAS. Border infestations in cotton and soybeans in the delta of ARKANSAS were of minor importance and few infestations became economic. Only a few very small areas of heavy infestation have existed in Arkansas for many years. In MISSOURI, grasshoppers were observed on corn and grain sorghum, In SOUTH DAKOTA, light hatches of two-striped grasshopper were noted in the central area on May 8. Hatching continued through May, June and into July, indicating uneven development of eggs during the previous fall. By mid-June, heavy infestations of first to third instars of two-striped grasshoppers were appearing in Dewey and Perkins Counties. Roadside counts were tallying 25 "hoppers" per square yard in these areas. Some migratory grasshopper, differ- ential grasshopper and red-legged grasshopper were also present. The hatch remained light over most of the eastern areas. By June 23, high populations existed in portions of the rangeland in the northwest area and in some crop- land in the central area. Counts varied widely from 0 to 64 grasshoppers per Square yard. Hatching was still occurring in the northeast area during the second week of July, but populations remained in the noneconomic to light cate- gory. Populations in the east central and southeast areas also remained non- economic to light. Threatening to severe conditions existed in portions of northwest and central South Dakota throughout July and August. Some migration of migratory grasshopper occurred. Treatments were done on an individual basis in most areas. The dominant species of grasshoppers in South Dakota during 1961 appeared to be two-striped grasshopper. Other species present, but in varying degrees of abundance, were migratory grasshopper, red-legged grasshopper, differential grasshopper, Packard grasshopper, Trachyrhachis kiowa and many other species found in localized areas. As a whole, the cropland infestation was heavier and more extensive than in 1960 in South Dakota, with the north central, central and northwestern parts of the State having the most infesta- tions. On cropland in NORTH DAKOTA, threatening to severe infestations were widespread in most sections. Drought conditions reduced marginal food supplies and forced grasshoppers into field crops and forage. Severe crop damage occurred over a wide area early in the season. Controls were applied to an estimated 5 million acres to protect crops. Control measures in general gave good results, but some fields required additional treatment to prevent reinfestation. The major grass- hopper egg hatch began in northwest North Dakota during the first week of June, and by July 10, 75 percent of the grasshoppers in the area had reached the adult stage. Similar conditions developed in the southwest, southeast, north central and northeastern areas of the State. Clear-winged grasshopper reached outbreak proportions in the northwestern counties along the Canadian Border. Severe damage occurred to small grains, forage crops and small pastures in many communi- ties. This is believed to be the first recorded economic infestation of this species in the State in recent times. Economic infestations of two-striped grasshopper, migratory grasshopper and red-legged grasshopper were also wide- spread. Increased populations of differential grasshopper were noted in south- east North Dakota. On rangeland in North Dakota, general, threatening to severe infestations occurred in Williams, McKenzie, Golden Valley, Slope, Dunn and Billings Counties (west section) and in Richland and Ransom Counties (southeast section). Cooperative Federal, State, County and Rancher aerial spray programs were conducted on 64,796 acres of range in McKenzie County and on 13,978 acres in the sandhills area of Richland and Ransom Counties. Excellent control of grasshoppers was achieved in these areas. Development of rangeland species followed closely that of cropland species in North Dakota. Drought conditions, coupled with high populations of grasshoppers, appeared to accentuate damage suffered by range grasses and forbes. The dominant rangeland species included Ageneotettix deorun, Aulocara elliotti and migratory grasshopper. Scattered, heavy infestations of clear-winged grasshopper were observed in northwestern Dunn and northeastern McKenzie Counties. Heavy aerial migration of migratory grasshopper was observed = 98) — at Cartwright, McKenzie County. Melanoplus kennicotte kennicotte and Trimero- tropis agrestis were recorded in North Dakota for the first time during the 1961 season. Early in the spring, grasshopper eggs showed advanced development in MINNESOTA ; apparently some egg development had occurred the previous fall. Because of relatively cool weather during May, the anticipated early egg hatch did not take place, however. The hatch was not any earlier than in 1960. The first hatch in Minnesota, primarily two-striped grasshopper, occurred in the north- west district in late May. By the end of Jume, the hatch of nearly all species but red-legged grasshopper was complete. The peak hatch of red-legged grass-— hopper did not occur until the second week of July. The principal grasshopper- infested habitat was alfalfa or alfalfa-grass mixture, although high populations occurred in other legumes, ditch banks and field margins. Conservation Reserve Lands again had heavy infestations in some Minnesota areas. Some emergency treatment of Conservation Reserve Land and field margins in the northwest district was needed in early June to prevent movement of grasshoppers into cropland. Severe localized damage was reported from several areas of the State in July. Red-legged grasshopper continued to be the predominant species in all districts of the State. Populations of two-striped grasshopper, migratory grass-— hopper, clear-winged grasshopper, Packard grasshopper and differential grass-— hopper increased in many areas of Minnesota, especially in the northwest and west central districts, and each was found to be the predominant species in some fields. The adult survey during the fall showed moderate to heavy populations most numerous in the northwest and west central districts, with small localized areas scattered throughout the State. Economic grasshopper infestations were dispersed and localized, with no large contiguous blocks found infested. The 1962 outlook is for higher grasshopper infestations in Minnesota, especially in the northwest and west central districts. Infestations will probably be scattered and localized. The potential for high grasshopper populations in 1962 is present, however, and weather conditions at and after hatching time will determine the extent and severity. The grasshopper egg hatch can occur from May 15 through July in Minnesota, with early species starting around June 1 and later species from mid-June through July. Grasshoppers, principally red-legged grasshopper, attained a high population in WISCONSIN and caused considerable concern in many areas of that State. Despite this higher incidence, treatments were less than 1960 in many counties. Eggs of red-legged grasshopper began hatching in Dane County alfalfa fields during the first week of Jume and continued until about the first of August. Popula- tion averaged slightly higher in 1961, with 11 per yard at each stop, compared with 10 in 1960. Grasshopper numbers decreased in the eastern portion of the State and increased considerably in the west central and northwestern areas of Wisconsin. Melanoplus spp., mainly red-legged grasshopper (M. femurrubrum) , were abundant in most parts of ILLINOIS. A few nymphs were observed in early June, but the main hatch did not occur until June 10 to 20. By July 15, nymphs numbered 30 to 700 per 100 sweeps in grassy roadsides, ditch banks, clover and alfalfa fields, and migrations into soybean fields were observed in a few places. In August, popu- lations in some clover fields ran as high. as 60 to 80 per square yard. Some clover fields were completely stripped of leaves in Illinois, and migrations into corn and soybeans were heavy. Melanoplus spp. were more abundant and populations continued to increase over previous years in INDIANA. Two-striped grasshopper was not observed in the northern half of Indiana. Differential grasshopper caused extensive defoliation in 2 corn fields in Butler County, OHIO. Severe defoliation and damage to corn ears covered an area of 5 acres in one field. In September, limited acreages of clover, soybeans, corn and potatoes in Mercer and Clinton Counties, Ohio, were reported receiving economic damage to such an extent that control measures were justified. In NEW YORK, grasshopper populations did not seem to be as high as in previous years, and grasshopper populations remained exceptionally low in VERMONT. SEIS ears iY ey AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesrot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 February 23, 1962 Number 8 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions ARMY CUTWORM activity increasing in Texas and Oklahoma and larvae noted in Kansas. Damage reported in two former states. GREENBUG continues at noneconomic levels in Texas and Oklahoma. CRANE FLIES causing heavy damage to rangeland in Yokohl Valley, Tulare County, and damaging barley locally in San Benito County, California. Larval infestations of an ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) expected to increase rapidly in Yuma County, Arizona, alfalfa. (p. 101). GREEN PEACH APHID populations medium to heavy on sugar beets and several other crops in central and southwestern Arizona and abundant on potatoes in Dade County, Florida. A LEAF- HOPPER (Empoasca kraemeri) continues abundant and injurious to beans in Dade County, Florida. (p. 103). Several COCCIDS of economic importance in Florida on various ornamentals. (p. 104). ALFALFA WEEVIL eggs, larvae and adults present in alfalfa in 3 Georgia Counties. (p. 106). Forecasts of Insect Conditions GRAIN APHIDS and WINTER GRAIN MITE warrant close observation in Texas and Oklahoma as favorable weather conditions develop, and ARMY CUTWORM activity likely to increase in areas of country where damaging infestations were present in 1961. Insect Detection An APHID (Essigella knowltoni) recorded for first time in Wyoming (p. 105) and an ANT (Monomorium destructor) found for first time in New York (p. 106). Latter species not expected to survive out-of-doors in State. New county records are IMPORTED FIRE ANT in Fort Bend and Chambers Counties, Texas (p. 106), anda MEALYBUG (Cucullococcus vaccinii) in Del Norte County, California (p. 102). Special Reports Beet Leafhopper Conditions in the Southern Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada, Southeastern California and Central Arizona - 1962. (p. 102). Movement of populations to cultivated districts in these and adjacent states expected to be generally light. Hawaiian Insect Notes. (p. 107). Status of Some Important Insects in the United States - Yellow-margined leaf Beetle (Microtheca ochroloma Stal). (p. 109). FEE KKK KK IE I 2 a EK A OK aK OK OK Reports in this issue are for week ending February 16 unless otherwise indicated lOO WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-FEBRUARY TO MID-MARCH 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-February to mid-March calls for unseasonably mild late winter weather to prevail over the entire Nation. Greatest average temperature departures -as much as 6° to 9° F. above normal-are expected to occur in the middle third of the country. Precipitation is predicted to exceed normal west of the Continental Divide with heaviest amounts along the West Coast. Below normal amounts are anticipated in most of the eastern third of the Nation, with near normal amounts in unspecified areas. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superin- tendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 19 The week's weather was unseasonably mild, except in the Northeast, with much cloudiness and frequent precipitation. Unseasonably mild temperatures have pre- vailed over all the western half of the Nation for the past 2 weeks and abnormally cold weather has persisted in the Northeast for the past 3 weeks. Maximum temperatures rose into the 80's in the South on several days and even into the 90's in the lower Great Plains. On the 13th, 78° at Valentine, Nebraska, and 84° at Nashville, Tennessee, set new records for February at those stations, The only important cold air outbreak occurred in the Northeast during the latter part of the period. Precipitation was again heavy in most of California where weekly totals ranged up to 4 inches or more. Much of Washington, Oregon, and the Rocky Mountain region received over 0.50 inch of precipitation. Weekly totals were very light in the western portions of the Great Plains, but generally ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 inch from the eastern portions of the Great Plains to the Atlantic coast. In Florida, rainfall of about 0.25 inch in the northeast, 1.00 to 2.00 in the northwest, and 0.50 to 1.50 inches elsewhere in the State helped replenish soil moisture. Frequent precipitation in the Far West increased the snow cover in the Sierras and lower Cascades, with increases up to 50 inches in California. A midweek snowstorm moving from the upper Great Lakes eastward produced from 4 to 8 inches over the northern two-thirds of Minnesota, up to 12 inches in northern Wisconsin, heavy amounts in northern Michigan, and up to a foot in eastern sections of New York State, where as much as 2 feet were reported in the Catskill Mountains. Amounts were heavy in New England, except most of Maine and extreme northern sections, with falls of 8 to 20 inches over Rhode Island and central interior Massachusetts. Another snowstorm over the weekend produced heavy amounts from South Dakota and Nebraska to New England where the storm was still in progress as the period ended. Over 2 feet of snow fell during this storm at Sioux Falls, S. Dak. In Iowa, 10 to 20 inches fell in the north, 1 to 10 inches in the south, and drifts in some areas ranged up to 6 feet high. In central and southern Wisconsin, 10 to 12 inches with drifting closed many roads. Heavy amounts also fell in northern Illinois and southern Michigan. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). el OR CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Heavy infestations destroying stand of replanted flax in De Witt County. (Heideman). OKLAHOMA - Heavy infest- ations on young alfalfa in Logan County; ranged 6 to 10 per square foot of soil surface; extensive feeding noted. Also reported in Kingfisher County; light numbers in Perkins area, Payne County, on alfalfa and wheat. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Active on alfalfa on warm days in Stafford County about February 1. Larvae collected from wheat at Hays Experiment Station, Ellis County, on February 12. (Gates, Harvey). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Of 20 cornstalks checked in one field in Perkins area, Payne County, 9 found girdled; 5 live larvae, 2 dead larvae and 2 without larvae. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Infestations continue noneconomic, but buildups may occur following unusually warm weather and accelerated growth of small grains. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Populations continue at noneconomic level throughout State. Counts generally fewer than 5 per linear foot in Perkins area, Payne County. Some low counts noted also in Cotton, Blaine, Kingfisher, Mayes, Wagoner and Muskogee Counties. Close observations recommended. (Okla.Coop.Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys in small grain fields in Washington County negative. (Ark. ins! iSux).)): ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Low populations in fields checked in Perkins area, Payne County; under 1 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys in Washington County negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - FLORIDA - Infestation on sugarcane at Perrine, Dade County, probably this species. (McMillan, Dec. 22, 1961). CRANE FLIES - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval infestations in barley at Hollister, San Benito County. Larvae of Tipula sp. rapidly denuding 10,000 acres of rangeland in Yokohl Valley near Exeter, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER (Chortophaga viridifasciata) - KANSAS - Few active nymphs collected in Linn County on February 1; active nymphs observed in Riley County on February 10. (Peters). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Infestations continue noneconomic but may increase following unusually warm weather with accelerated growth of small grains. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Light populations in scattered fields in Perkins area, Payne County; fewer than 5 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Medium populations of Empoasca sp. noticeable on alfalfa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Unidentified species becoming more common on small grains and alfalfa fields throughout the State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larval infestations appearing in some Yuma County alfalfa; infestations light, but expected to increase rapidly during the next few days. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Larval populations of 2-3 per square foot of crown noted in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO - Adults present but light in alfalfa fields checked in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) : PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue light in alfalfa in central and southwestern areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Populations remain light on alfalfa in southern counties. (N. M Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - rp OAS Light populations in fields in Perkins area, Payne County, and Guthrie area, Logan County; reproduction noted. Ranged 10-12 per square foot of soil surface in alfalfa in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Check in alfalfa fields in Riley and Pottawatomie Counties negative. (Peters). ARKANSAS - Surveys of legume fields in Washington County negative; apparently extremely cold weather of January had a lasting effect on aphid populations in northwestern part of State. Above-normal temperatures prevailed past 2-3 weeks. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Checks of alfalfa fields in Riley and Pottawatomie Counties negative. (Peters). ARKANSAS - Surveys in Washington County alfalfa fields negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Infestations of 100 adults per 100 net sweeps present in some alfalfa fields in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Adults present but light in all alfalfa fields checked in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Adults becoming active in alfalfa fields in northern Dona Ana County; averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - OKLAHOMA - Populations of 1 per square foot on alfalfa noted in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS Coccids in Florida - MINING SCALE (Howardia biclavis) , Leucaspis indica and Aspidiotis lataniae each infested 1 percent of 10,000 mango trees at Homestead, Dade County, on February 6. BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) moderately infested orange at Seville, Volusia County, on February 9. Pseudaulacaspis major lightly infested lychee at Homestead, February 6. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotis perniciosus) infested 25 percent of 500 pear trees at Glen Saint Mary, Baker County, February 13. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation discovered on almonds at Valley Center, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) A MEALYBUG (Cucullococcus vaccinii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation on Vaccinium parvifolium at Gasquet, Del Norte County. This is apparently the first record of this mealybug in the field and a new county record; previous collection made on herbarium specimens from Siskiyou County. Det. by R. F. Wilkey. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) A MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus kondonis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of one acre of prune trees in a nursery at Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synathedon pictipes) - FLORIDA - Infested 25 percent of 1,000 peach trees in a nursery at Glen Saint Mary, Baker County. (King, Feb. 13). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - Texas - Three females trapped in Cameron County in January, making a total of 6 specimens for the season. (PPC, So. Reg.). A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Brevipalpus phoenicis) - FLORIDA - Severely infested sour orange at Bloomfield, Marion County, December 6, 1961. (Hey, Henderson). TRUCK CROP INSECTS Beet Leafhopper Conditions in the Southern Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada, Southeastern California and Central Arizona - 1962 The beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) movement from the southern desert breeding areas to the cultivated districts of central and southern Arizona, eastern Utah and western Colorado is expected to be light to moderate this LOS season; the movement to southeastern California, southern Nevada and to northern, central and southern Utah is expected to be light. This report concerns only the populations present in the far southern desert breeding grounds and does not have reference to populations that may have overwintered in local breeding areas in northern and eastern Utah, in western Colorado and western Nevada. Time of Movement: This statement is based on present conditions. Movement of beet leafhopper into cultivated districts of central and southern Arizona and southeastern California is expected to start by late February or early March, movement into cultivated areas of southern Nevada and southern Utah is expected to start by late March or early April, and movement to central Utah and western Colorado is expected to start by late April. Weather conditions during the next two months will have a bearing on the amount of leafhopper population that moves from the desert areas to cultivated districts. Southern Desert Breeding Ground Conditions: Beet leafhopper movement is expected to be light to moderate this year from most of the desert regions lying South of the 34 degree parallel and is expected to be light from those areas lying to the North of the 34 degree parallel. Rains during December and January have promoted good annual weed host development in most of the winter breeding areas in Arizona except for the far western area where suitable plant growth for leafhopper build- up was rather spotted in distribution at the time of the January Survey. Storms during the latter half of January have undoubtedly germinated additional weed hosts since this survey was made. Conversely, drought prior to the December rains may have caused some reduction of the overwintering beet leafhopper population, before the annual weed hosts were germinated. Some chemical control of leaf- hoppers may be done this season by State and County Agricultural Departments in the Imperial Valley of southern California to reduce potential beet leafhopper migration from desert areas adjacent to croplands. Host plant distribution was found to be spotted at the time of the survey in portions of the winter breeding area lying North of the 34 degree parallel. The southern desert breeding grounds are considered to contain about 50,000 square miles of potential annual weed host area, of which an estimated 18,800 square miles showed widespread annual weed host development. Host plants were found at 38 percent of the 10-mile sampling points during the survey in 1962, compared with 34 percent in 1961, 53 percent in 1959, 70 percent in 1958 and 14 percent in 1957. The average number of leafhoppers found in areas where plants were present in the southern desert breeding grounds was 0.012 per square foot in 1962, compared with 0.02 in 1961, 0.014 in 1960, OFOS¥ain 1959 and 0)..66 in 1958). Summary: It is estimated from data obtained during this survey that overwintering beet leafhopper populations in the southern desert breeding grounds total 6.1 billion in 1962, compared with 6.3 billion in 1961, 8.6 billion in 1960, 3.0 billion in 1959, 235 billion in 1958 and 5.3 billion in 1957. Host plant distri- bution and beet leafhopper populations are heavier south of the 34 degree parallel but lighter north of the 34 degree parallel this season than in 1961. (H. H. Blakemore, Feb. 12). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy populations present on sugar beets and several other crops and weeds in central and southwestern parts of State. Sticky-board traps in Yuma County indicate that few winged forms are in the air. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Abundant on potatoes in Dade County. (Wolfenbarger) . CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Appears to be increasing on potatoes and other vegetable crops in Dade County. (Wolfenbarger). A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca kraemeri) - FLORIDA - Continues abundant and injurious to beans in Dade County. (Wolfenbarger) . A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER - FLORIDA - Population low at Homestead, Dade County, on winter vegetables; became greatly reduced about mid-January. (Wolfenbarger). - 104 - COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Collected on wild cotton at Flamingo, Cape Sable, Monroe County; det. W. Breidenbach. (Spencer, Jan. 30). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS Coccids in Florida - OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotis hederae) infested tung trees at Tallahassee, Leon County, on November 27, 1961. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) severely infested Cycas revoluta on February 8 and lightly infested geranium on February 6 at Tampa, Hillsborough County; willow at Pine Castle, Orange County, on December 18, 1961; Brazil peppertree, Orange Lake, Marion County, on December 15, 1961; severely infested Ligustrum sp. at Pompano Beach, Broward County, on February 8, and peach at Glen Saint Mary, Baker County, on February 12. COCONUT MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus nipae) moderate to severe on paurotis and on > cherimoya at Tampa, Hillsborough County, February 7-8. PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria pyriformis) severely infested cajeput-tree at Merritt Island, Brevard County, on February 9; and lightly infested guava at Crescent City, Putnam County on February 8. CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) infested 75 percent of 1,500 camellia plants at Pine Castle, Orange County on February 5. TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) infested 1,500 camellia plants at Pine Castle, Orange County, on February 5; moderate to severe infestations on 3 plants at Merritt Island, Brevard County on February 9. Phenacaspis cockerelli caused moderate to severe infestations on bird-of-paradise plants at Merritt Island, Brevard County, on February 6. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - TEXAS - Attack on camellia plants in Houston area, Harris County, probably this species. (Newton). A COCCID (Parlatoria pittospori) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on leaves, twigs bark and trunk of cypress-pine (Callitris sp.) at Mission Bay City Park, San Diego County. (Call: Coop: Rpt). A TREEHOPPER (Umbonia crassicornis) - FLORIDA - Early stage nymphs collected on lebbek (Albizia lebbek) at Saint Petersburg, Pinellas County; first collection for the year. (Bingaman, Feb. 8). DOGWOOD CLUB-GALL MIDGE (Mycodiplosis alternata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested dogwood twigs in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County. (Menusan, Feb. 10). CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - FLORIDA - Severely infested African- violet at Lake Como, Putnam County. (Graham, Feb. 9). A TUCKERELLID MITE (Tuckerella pavoniformis) - FLORIDA - Collected on eastern redbud, Gainesville, Alachua County, on November 27, and on Ligustrum japonicum at Lake Placid, Highlands County, on December 6, 1961. (Graham, McAulay). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Controls have been applied to 5,000 cattle in Washington County, 150 cattle in Piute County and 600 cattle in Summit County. An additional 80 cattle treated with a systemic in Piute County for both lice and grubs. (Knowlton, Huber, Buck, Moore). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations of Bovicola bovis on herd in Pontotoc County with one-fifth to one-third of the body area infested. An unidentified species continues to be reported throughout State; some control measures taken. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Continues present in east central and southwest areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). — el Oo COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Activity continues in south- west, north central, central and southeastern parts of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Inspection of 20 cattle each in Pickens and White Counties were negative. Inspection of 31 cattle in Polk County yielded only one animal with one grub; 2 herds of 23 and 20 animals in Whitfield County showed 14 and 3 animals infested with average to be 2.9 and 0.8 respectively. (Johnson, Roberts). NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma bovis) - OREGON - Larva removed from neck of ten- year-old boy at Salem on January 25. Det. by Dr. M. T. James. (Goeden) . RABBIT TICK (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation on a dog at Oak Hall, Centre County. (Gesell, Jan. 25). FAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - UTAH - Troublesome in herds in Washington and Beaver Counties, (Knowlton, Huber). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of adults in house in Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) ANTS - OKLAHOMA - Unidentified species causing some concern in homes in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Camponotus spp. caused concern in home in Williamson County. (Wakefield). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH - Numerous in home in Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton) . CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - UTAH - Entered 2 homes in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. Knowlton) . STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested stored potatoes in a large commercial plant in Columbia County. (Gesell, Jan. 31). BENEFICIAL INSECTS BENEFICIAL WEEVILS - OREGON - Curculionids infesting dodder collected in midsummer’ of 1961 at Milton-Freewater, Umatilla County, have been identified as Smicron sculpticollis and S. interruptus. Determination by D. M. Anderson. (Every) . LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Activity increasing in small grain fields in southwest and north central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A PARASITIC ICHNEUMON (Campoplex frustranea) - MARYLAND - This species reared from an olethreutid moth, Rhyacionia rigidana, which infested Austrian pine at Harmons, Anne Arundel County, on June 17, 1960. Determined by L. M. Walkley. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS - ARKANSAS - Parasites now found in small numbers in small grain and legume fields in northwestern part of State. (Ark. Ins Sur.). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Becoming common in small grain fields in southwest and north central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS AN APHID (Essigella knowltoni) - WYOMING - Collected for the first time in State =) LOGI = by Dr. G. F. Knowlton on September 11, 1941, in Grand Canyon of Snake River, Lincoln County, on Pinus sp. Recently determined by Dr. F. C. Hottes. (Knowlton). ALDER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) - CALIFORNIA - Large colonies appeared on many hosts at Hoopa, Humboldt County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Fort Bend and Chambers Countes reported infested for first time during January. Infestations small in both instances and treatments were applied. (PPC, So. Reg.). AN ANT (Monomorium destructor) - NEW YORK - Collected on October 16, 1961, at Dansville, Steuben County, by Howard A. Swansen, Horticultural Inspector. Det. by M. R. Smith. This is the first collection of the species in the State. It is doubtful, however, if the species will survive out-of-doors in New York. (Page). This introduced species has previously been recorded in Florida and Tennessee. FRUIT FLIES - FLORIDA - McPhail traps in Miami, Dade County, yielded one specimen of Anastrepha interrupta on November 11 and December 21, 1961. PAPAYA FRUIT FLY (Toxotr ypana curvicauda) collected in McPhail traps at Sarasota, Sarasota County, on November 11, and at Miami Beach, Dade County, on November 9, 1961. (Todd, Yax, Brewton). A SLUG (Arion hortensis) - CALIFORNIA - Reported for first time in yard at Sacramento, Sacramento County; infestation medium. (Calle (Coops Rpts)r CORRECTION CEIR 12(2):24 - Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (a leaf roller moth), should read Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (an olethreutid moth). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Agrotis Feltia ipsilon subterranea SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 2/12-18 1 19 ADDITIONAL NOTES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Eggs, larvae and adults present in alfalfa fields in Wilkes, Clarke and Bartow Counties. Light feeding damage in the above mentioned counties. (Johnson, Huggins). AKO. HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES The following reports were submitted by the Hawaiian Entomological Society and were abstracted from the "Notes and Exhibitions" in the minutes of the January 15, 1962, meeting. The Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, advised that further study of the noctuid moth known in Hawaii as Hypena jussalis Walker shows it to be H. strigata F. This species was introduced into Hawaii from Southern Rhodesia and Kenya in 1957 and is now well established and causing severe defoliation of lantana (Lantana camara var. aculeata), a noxious weed pest. Large numbers of another NOCTUID (Catabena esula) were found feeding on lantana plants at Kohala, Island of Hawaii, in January 1962. One plant about a foot high, had over 50 larvae. Many plants were completely denuded of foliage by C. esula and H. strigata larvae. (Yoshioka, Krauss). Th a A PARASITIC ENCYRTID (Gyranusa n. sp.) was reared from specimens of MEXICAN MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus gossypii) which were collected at Mapulehu, Molokai, on November 6, 1961. Det. by P. H. Timberlake. Mr. Timberlake stated that the Gyranusa sp. collected at Mapulehu was similar to G. claripennis, but distinct. This parasite appears to have been present in Hawaii for a number of years, although it has been previously collected in Hawaii but once. Fullaway collected this parasite from an unspecified mealybug on Oahu in 1945. This is the first parasite of Phenacoccus gossypii to be reported from Hawaii and a new island record for Gyranusa sp. Two specimens of another £NCYRTID (Apoanagyrus nee aust were collected sweeping roadside vegetation at Ewa, Oahu, on January 9, 1962, by J. W Beardsley. This species was reported once previously from specimens collected near Koko Head, Oahu, in 1934 by O. H. Swezey. It presumably attacks Phenacoccus solani in Hawaii although it has not been reared from that host as yet in the State. A single specimen of a COCCINELLID (Hyperaspis fimbriolata) was collected on Atriplex at Ewa, Oahu, on January 9, 1962,by J. W Beardsley. This species was reported once before from near Lahaina, Maui, in 1954, and it appears to have been purposely introduced into Hawaii in 1906 by Koebele. This is a new island record for the species. About 20 specimens of a CHRYSOMELID (Monoxia sp., possibly minuta) were collected by sweeping Atriplex semibaccata along a roadside on Ewa Plantation near Barbers Point, Oahu, and larvae of the beetle were found feeding as leaf miners on the plant. The collections were made during the last month. Det. by G. B. Vogt. (Beardsley). Evidence seems to indicate that the LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis) has become established in Hawaii. Two single light trap records have previously been reported; September 30, 1960, and July 17, 1961. During the past month, 5 additional specimens were taken in a light trap and 3 by sweeping grass and weeds on the Public Health Service Quarantine Station at Honolulu, Oahu. As the insect builds up in numbers, it will probably move out into other areas. A single specimen of a MOSQUITO (Aedes vexans nocturnus) was taken in a light trap on January 2, 1962, operated on the Public Health Service Quarantine Station, Honolulu, Oahu. As soon as the discovery was made, steps were undertaken to determine how the mosquito might have arrived and whether it is established in Hawaii. Larval surveys of the harbor and airport areas to January 15 have failed to disclose any breeding. It is thought that the specimen might have been a stray off a ship or aircraft and is not established in Hawaii. This mosquito is a common pest species in many areas of the west and south Pacific. (Joyce) SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) is now well established in the Kaimuki area and has also been reported from Makaha Valley in the Waianae area. (Hardy). A TACHINID FLY (Achaetoneura archippivora) emerged from larvae of a LAWN ARMYWORM (Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides) that were infesting lawns in the U. S. Navy housing area (Manana Capehart) near the north edge of the middle loch of Pearl Harbor. Det. by J W. Beardsley. There are 248 housing units with Bermuda grass lawns about 2 years old. Biological control of the armyworm in the area was very =O Sig— good; chemical controls were not needed. Similar control has occurred at the Marine Corps Air Station in Kaneohe. It is estimated that $150.00 per day was being spent at 3 large naval activities for labor and chemicals to treat lawns for armyworms. The biological control already established allowed for the money to be saved and spent for other purposes. A SPIDER (Cheirocanthium diversum) bit a serviceman at Halsey Terrace near Salt Lake, Oahu, on December 14, 1961. Swelling was present in the bitten arm of the man for about 12 hours, but the pain at the site where the venom was injected disappeared in 2 hours. (Clagg). Preliminary surveys indicate that the twig-boring BARK BEETLE (Xyleborus morstatti), that was found for the first time recently in Hawaii at Kailau, Oahu, is not present on neighbor islands, and, to protect the coffee industry on Hawaii, a ban on the movement of all woody plants to that island was imposed. The movement of woody plants to islands other than Hawaii is subject to precautionary atmospheric fumigation with methyl bromide, vacuum fumigation if found infested. X. morstatti was determined by Dr. Stephen Wood. (Davis). = (109) = STATUS OF SOME IMPORTANT INSECTS IN THE UNITED STATES YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma Stal) Economic Importance: An introduced pest, this chrysomelid was first found in the United States in Mobile County, Alabama, in the spring of 1947. The pest has since spread to 22 additional counties in 4 states. Crucifers grown in late winter and spring months have been particularly injured in the infested Gulf States. Adults make small, irregularly shaped holes in the leaves and feed on the leaf margins. Larvae feed on leaves and terminal growth. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and the United States (see map below) . Hosts: Light to severe infestations have been recorded on cabbage, collard, mustard, turnip and radish. It has also been recorded on potato and some native plants of the Primrose Family (Primulaceae). In Uruguay, it is listed as an important pest of truck gardens including such crops as watercress, turnip and cabbage. Life History and Habits: Injury is caused by both larvae and adults feeding on leaves of the host. In the United States, the adults appear in November. Some larvae may also be present at that time, but populations of both adults and larvae are heavier later in the season. The decline of infestations in June indicates aestivation of this species during the hot, summer months. DISTRIBUTION OF YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma Stal) Map compiled in Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Contro. on, Ai 1 Research Service, S. Depa all available State tment of Agr and Federal ri January 31, 1962 PA co dll) Description: ADULT - Approximately 5.08 mm. long and about half as wide. Elytra, brown with a conspicuous pale-yellow or white margin on which are four rows of deep pits. Third tarsal segment bilobed without a large, broad tooth at the base of each tarsal claw. Head, black. (Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in cooperation with other ARS agencies). CEIR 12(8) :2-23-62. Adults of Yellow-margined Leaf Beetle (Microtheca ochroloma) Major references: 1. Chamberlin, F. S., and Tippins, H. H. 1948. Microtheca ochroloma, an Introduced Pest of Crucifers, Found in Alabama. J. Econ. Ent. (41 41(6):979-80. 2. Rohwer, K. S., Guyton, F. E., and Chamberlin, F. S. 1953. Status of the Yellow-Margined Leaf Beetle. CEIR 3(12):194-5. 3. Ruffinelli, A and Carbonell, C. S. 1944. Asoc. de Ingen. Agron. Rev. 16(1):25. a8 \ iy . ate) PONV Cai enr ie Ney Nem AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 March 2, 1962 Number 9 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions ARMY CUTWORM damaging replanted flax in De Witt County, Texas, with controls applied to some fields. Also present in small grains in areas of Oklahoma and Kansas. SUGARCANE BORER mortality high in Louisiana due to severe cold weather; however, favorable conditions in spring and early summer may permit rapid buildup. CRANE FLIES continue to cause serious damage to native pasturelands in central Tulare County, California; larvae range 160-375 per square foot. WHEAT CURL MITE light to moderately severe in Meade and Ford Counties, Kansas; wheat streak mosaic found in some wheat in Meade County. Larval infestations of an alfalfa weevil (Hypera brunneipennis) increased greatly in alfalfa on the Yuma Mesa, Arizona, with 1,000-2,000 per sweep in many fields; defoliation almost complete in heavily infested fields. (Gog. alas) CITRUS RUST MITE population in Florida lowest on record for this time of year; CITRUS RED MITE continues at record low level in State. (p. 114). SPIDER MITES and APHIDS in strawberry fields in Louisiana parishes east of Mississippi River little affected by severe cold winter; populations appear greater than in many years. Immediate control measures recommended. (p. 115). CHICKEN BODY LOUSE heavy on many flocks in northwestern Arkansas, and NORTHERN FOWL MITE increasing in Washington County, Arkansas. (p. 116). Forecasts of Insect Conditions Late hatch of HESSIAN FLY in fall of 1961 poses a potential threat to wheat in north central Kansas for spring of 1962. (p. 135). Indications are that infes- tations of RANGE CATERPILLAR will be very heavy during the spring of 1962 in Colfax County, New Mexico. (p. 137). Surveys for MEADOW SPITTLEBUG during the fall of 1961, in Ohio, indicate high populations will develop in the spring of 1962, especially in central and eastern counties of that State. (p. 147). Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (continued) CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS - (p. 118) Corn and Sorghum Insects - (p. 118). Small Grain Insects - (p. 130). Range, Pasture and Lawn Insects - (p. 136). Flax and Safflower Insects - (p. 139). Alfalfa, Clover and Vetch Insects - (p. 139). Soybean, Peanut and Field Pea Insects - (p. 156). FE A RK C2 aC aC 2s 2c is 2 i 2 Reports in this issue are for week ending February 23, unless otherwise indicated. IA WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MARCH 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for March calls for temperatures to average below normal over the northern half of the Nation, except for near normal in the Pacific Northwest, New England and the Middle Atlantic States. Above normal temperatures are predicted for the Gulf and South Atlantic States, while near to below normal values are in prospect for the Southwestern quarter of the Nation, This enhanced temperature contrast between north and south is expected to favor the development and rapid progression of numerous storms eastward through the middle of the country, resulting in precipitation in excess of normal from the Continental Divide eastward, except for subnormal amounts in states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. West of the Divide, about normal precipitation is anticipated. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super- intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year, WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 26 The week was unseasonably mild south of a line joining El Paso, Texas, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and abnormally cold elsewhere. There was much cloudiness, with frequent and widespread precipitation which was mostly in the form of snow in northern portions of the country. The week was extremely cold in the northern Great Plains where gradually falling temperatures averaged as much as 21° below normal. Temperatures never rose above freezing in North Dakota, and adjacent areas and many stations had subzero minima all week. Butte, Montana, reported -35° on the 26th, and the Canadian Border States from North Dakota to New England reported lows of -18° to -29°, In the Gulf and south Atlantic coastal areas, where temperatures for the week averaged 9° to 12° above normal, maximum temperatures generally ranged in the 70's and 80's. During the closing days of the period, maxima reached the low 90's at a few stations in southern Florida and extreme southern Texas, a Precipitation was heaviest in the southeast Interior,where weekly totals exceeded 2 inches in a large area and ranged up to more than 6 inches in the southern Appalachians. Most of this heavy precipitation fell on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Widespread thunderstorm activity occurred over Kentucky and Tennessee and adjacent areas on Friday. In other areas east of the Great Plains, precipitation generally exceeded 0.50 inch, Amounts were very light to none in much of the lower Great Plains, but were heavier in northern portions. Mountainous areas of the Far West received over 0.50 inch, but amounts were generally light at lower elevations, except for heavy amounts in southern California. Snowfall during the week slightly increased the snowpack in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains. In northern areas east of the Continental Divide, frequent light to occasionally heavy snowfall generally increased the snow cover there by several inches, The cover is unusually heavy from the north- ern Great Plains through the Great Lakes region and the Northeast. Depths range up to nearly 3 feet in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York and New England. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = eS — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Continues at noneconomic levels in State, but may possibly begin to build up following several weeks of favorable weather. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations continue to be noneconomic in all areas checked. Almost nonexistent in northeast and north central areas. Averaged one per linear foot in Marshall County and 4-7 per linear foot in Tillman County; up to 12 per linear foot observed on barley in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Not found during surveys in southern counties of southeast and south central districts. (Peters). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Damaging stands of replanted flax in De Witt County; controls being applied to some fields. (Heideman). Heavy, widespread populations of undetermined cutworms, probably this species, attacking flax in Wilson County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Prucia). OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered counts of 0-2 per linear foot in small grain in northeast, north central and southwest areas; none found on alfalfa in northeast and north central areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Occasional larva in wheat in Barber and Reno Counties; no damage noted. Counts much less than 1 per foot of row. (Peters). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Lightly infested 190 acres of sweet corn at Pahokee, Palm Beach County. (W. W. Smith, Feb. 12). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOM4 - Counts of over- wintering population in Washington and Mayes Counties showed 80 percent and 70 percent mortality, respectively, in corn stalks. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Severe cold season greatly reduced population; field checks throughout sugarcane-growing area indicate high percentage of mortality. Although survival low, farmers cautioned that favorable conditions of spring and early summer may permit rapid buildup. (Cancienne, Dry, Feb. 19). CRANE FLIES (Tipula spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Continue to cause serious damage to native pasturelands in Yokohl Valley in foothills of central Tulare County. Estimated 30,000 acres scouted, approximately 8,000 acres received chemical treatment. Counts ranged 160 to 375 larvae per square foot. Rains interfered with treatment and provided favorable conditions for continuing damage. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Populations continue noneconomic in State. May possibly begin to increase after several weeks of favorable weather. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations, less than 5 per linear foot, found in fields checked in northeast and north central sections; up to 12 per linear foot on wheat in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - KANSAS - Very limited surveys made during past few weeks show only trace infestations in central and southwestern areas, except in Meade and Ford Counties where infestations are light to moderately severe. Wheat streak mosaic found in some wheat fields in Meade County. (Somsen). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larval infestations increased greatly on alfalfa on the Yuma Mesa, Yuma County; larval counts 1,000- 2,000 per sweep in many fields. Foliage damage heavy with almost complete defoliation in heavily infested fields. Fields in Yuma Valley have only light infestations presently. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Light feeding on alfalfa noted in Oconee County. (Johnson). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light to medium, 1-3 per square foot, on alfalfa in southeast area. (Okla.Coop.Sur.). - 114 - GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Count of one per square foot noted in field of alfalfa in southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - KANSAS - Several alfalfa fields checked in south- east and south central districts were negative. Roadside embankment in Montgomery County with counts of fewer than 5 aphids per square foot of crown area. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Light populations noted in scattered fields of overwintering alfalfa in northeast, north central and southeast areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Infestations increasing in central and southwestern alfalfa, but light in most cases. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Alfalfa fields checked in southeastern and south central areas of State were negative. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Checks of alfalfa in northeast and north central areas negative. Light, 0.5 per square foot, noted in one field in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa in south- east; 0-2 per square foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). . FRUIT INSECTS GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - FLORIDA - Infested 15 percent of 6,000 peach trees at Pomona Park, Putnam County. (Graham, Feb. 14). ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations of adults on prune trees in Dairyville, Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PECAN CARPENTERWORM (Cossula magnifica) -— SOUTH CAROLINA - Very abundant locally in Allendale County; infestation treated. (McLaughlin). CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation on Rangpur lime in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) - FLORIDA - Severe on sweet orange at Shiloh, Brevard County. Brewton, Feb. 15). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-February - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 47 percent of groves (norm 65 percent); 32 percent economic (norm 41 percent). Statewide population lowest on record for this time of year. Nevertheless, this important pest is always a problem in some groves. Increase underway but infestations will not exceed average. Highest districts are Bartow, west coast and Brooksville. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 24 percent of groves (norm 62 percent); 10 percent economic (norm 32 percent). Population continues at record low level with all districts in the low range; little change expected. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 18 percent of groves; 2 percent economic. All districts continue in low range and only slight increase expected. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 81 percent of groves (norm 79 percent); 12 percent economic (norm 17 percent). Infestations common but very few have destructive numbers. Highest district is ridge. The norms are the 1959-61 averages for this date. Prior to 1958, when the parasitic eulophid, Aphytis lepidosaphes, was not present, the norms were 93 and 56 percent, respectively, for this date. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 45 percent of groves (norm 47 percent); 5 percent economic Gorm 6 percent). Population in low range. It will remain below average level despite a slight upward trend. The overwintering BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) population is still far above normal. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) and APHIDS are scarce at this time. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred)). cia baltsy = co TRUCK CROP INSECTS APHIDS - ARIZONA - Infestations a problem on many crops and home plantings in many areas of the State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Light to heavy infestations con- tinue on several crops in central and southwestern areas. Very heavy populations present on some weeds. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLEA BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Approximately 30 acres of cabbage near Mesquite, Dona Ana County, treated; control good. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Collected on sweetpotato at Jennings, Hamilton County; det. W. Breidenbach. (Adkins, Feb. 16). Strawberry Pests in Louisiana - Severe cold winter had little effect on SPIDER MITES and APHIDS in strawberry fields of those parishes east of the Mississippi River. Populations of these two pests appear to be greater than has been experienced in many years. Immediate control measures recommended. (Cancienne, Dry, Feb. 19). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Two live weevils collected from debris at base of tree in Jayton, Kent County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Boren). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - GEORGIA - Killing large numbers of trees in Jasper County. (Milner, Feb. 15). APHIDS - ARIZONA - Several different species beginning to increase on flowers and ornamental plantings in the lower elevation areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations of Macrosiphum sp. on twigs of elm in El Cajon, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) AN ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) - FLORIDA - Severely infested Magnolia sp. at Oneco, Manatee County. (Bickner, Feb. 13). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations on forsythia in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LEAF CRUMPLER (Acrobasis indigenella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of larvae and pupae on twigs of Cotoneaster sp. in Santa Ana, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria pyriformis) - FLORIDA - Moderate to severe on capejasmine and Geiger-tree at Merritt Island, Brevard County. (Levan, Feb. 16). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Pour-on treatments of a systemic insecticide checked in Spartanburg, Greenwood, Allendale and Clarendon Counties week of February 11. Highest grub populations found on untreated animals in Greenwood County. Of 10 untreated animals, 5 with no grubs, 1 had 3 grubs, 2 had 5 grubs, 1 had 6 grubs and 1 had 16 grubs. These animals bought at feeder-calf sales and came from various herds which may account for difference. Six untreated animals in Spartanburg County checked; 2 had no grubs, 2 had 1 grub each and 1 had 2 grubs. Maximum found in that county was 3 grubs per animal. No grubs found on untreated animals in Clarendon County. (Nettles et al., Feb 20). = 116 = GEORGIA - Survey of 61 cattle in Clarke, Wilkes and Lamar Counties for H. lineatum showed 44 cattle infested. Average infestations ranged 1.4-7.6 grubs per animal. (Roberts, Feb. 15). Cattle inspected February 6 in Putnam County had 10-20 percent larval emergence; inspection on February 20 of same herd showed 50-75 percent emergence. (Roberts). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum decreasing over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Hypoderma spp. recently appeared on backs of cattle in Weber County; 4,500 sprayed or dipped to control both grubs and lice. In addition, 1,200 cattle treated with a systemic for grub and lice control. Grubs numerous on backs of cattle in several communities each in Kane, Wayne, Garfield and Beaver Counties. (Knowlton, Boyer). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Numerous in number of untreated beef herds in Kane, Piute, Wayne, Garfield and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Increased in some areas over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Becoming heavy in several eastern counties. (Tex. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on a number of untreated animals, especially around tails. Many beef herds have sufficient numbers to justify controls. (Nettles et al., Feb. 20). GEORGIA - Inspection of 45 cattle on February 15 in Wilkes and Lamar Counties negative; 16 cattle in Clarke County had light populations. Bovicola bovis collected February 24 in Whitfield County. (Roberts). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - GEORGIA - Light on beef cattle in Appling County. (Hunt, Feb. 14). OKLAHOMA - Light populations appearing on cattle in southeastern area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHICKEN BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) - ARKANSAS - Infestations heavy on many untreated flocks in northwestern area, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Infestations increasing in Washington County. Ark. Ins. Sur.). A DERMANYSSID MITE (Dermanyssus sp.) - MISSOURI - Heavy infestation annoyed residents in home in Caruthersville, Pemiscot County; residents were bitten several times. (French). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Some activity noted in Stillwater area, Payne County, with increasing temperatures. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COCKROACHES - ARIZONA - Infested several homes in central part of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) - UTAH - Distinct increase in occurrence of this species in Ogden, Weber County, and nearby communities for the past two years noted. (Knowlton, Fronk). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Causing concern around homes in Payne and Tulsa Counties as they leave hibernation quarters. (Okla. Coop. Suriye BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - OKLAHOMA - Caused some concern around homes in Tulsa, Tulsa County, and Enid, Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Swarmed in areas around Tulsa, Tulsa County; Chandler, Lincoln County; and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - MISSOURI - Emerged from hardwood floor in 12-year-old house in Carthage, Jasper County. Only a few emergence holes observed, but more adults expected to emerge. (Munson). = 17 = BLACK-HORNED PINE BORER (Callidium antennatum var. hesperum) - MARYLAND - Adults appeared in a home at Cockeysville, Baltimore County, on February 1. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A SLUG (Arion ater) - CALIFORNIA - Survey to determine extent of this introduced slug continues in Del Norte County. Additional survey activity planned with possibility of holding action. This species was erroneously reported from the Gasquet area (cf. CEIR 12(6):72, reported as Casquet) Del Norte County. Additional survey now shows that only location of occurrence is in Crescent City area, Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Extensions totaling 350 acres were found in Pasco and Hillsborough Counties. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(6):72 - SLUGS AND SNAILS - CALIFORNIA - Delete portion of note concerning Arion ater at Casquet, Del Norte County. CEIR 12(5):63 - Coccids in California - Aspidiotus ehrhorni heavy on fig... should read heavy on fir trees. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Agrotis Feltia Prodenia ipsilon subterranea ornithogalli FLORIDA Quincy 2/14 8 2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 2/12-18 1 19 >) ALIS} Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (Continued from page 98) CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS Corn and Sorghum Insects Highlights: EUROPEAN CORN BORER was generally lighter than in 1960 in most areas of the country where the pest is known to occur. The second generation was more abundant than the first in most areas. Spread during the year was reported to include 15 counties in 4 states (Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and North Dakota). The abundance survey that was conducted during the late summer and fall of the year showed larval populations to be higher in only one state, that being Delaware. The average number of borers per 100 plants was 70, compared with 133 in 1960 in the North Central States. Details of the fall abundance survey are reported in CEIR 12(1): 6-14, 12(2):17, 12(4):37. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER was serious in corn fields in eastern and southern New Mexico and increased damage was noted in areas of Missouri and Arkansas. CORN EARWORM was generally light on corn and sorghum during the year; particularly on corn in the more Northern States. However, the pest was damaging to corn and sorghum in several of the Southwestern States. FALL ARMYWORM caused some damage to corn in the North Central and Eastern States, but infestations were generally not widespread. BLACK CUTWORM was damaging in Illinois and Missouri and WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM caused economic damage in southwestern Nebraska. CORN ROOTWORMS were of great-— est importance in Nebraska during 1961, where they caused considerable damage and yield losses to corn in many areas of the State. They did not cause as much damage as predicted in Kansas and caused only light damage in South Dakota, except in Lyman County ,where WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM was severe in August. NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM caused extensive lodging of corn plants in an area of Wisconsin and damage was more widespread than usual in Ohio. Widespread damage was also noted in Indiana, but losses were low. Larval damage was reported throughout Missouri. CORN LEAF APHID populations were relatively heavy on sorghum plantings in the Southwest in the late summer and fall, and it was by far the most injurious of corn insects in 1961 in Indiana. RUSTY PLUM APHID was also heavy on sorghum in combination with corn leaf aphid in Arizona, CHINCH BUG was reported damaging only in areas of Alabama and Texas. SORGHUM MIDGE was recorded for the first time in Arizona, where it spread into five counties. Infestations were generally light in Arizona, but the pest occurred over most of Texas and caused extensive damage in spotted areas, Damage by GARDEN SYMPHYLAN to corn seedlings was exten- sive in Yamhill County, Oregon. 2 2A ICE 2 26 AC 2 2 Ik ic 2 2 IC ig 2g 2c 2c > ike 2c 2k 2k 2c 2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) adults were in flight in the Orono area of Penobscot County, MAINE, on June 24, Light infestations and damage to sweet corn occurred in mid-August in Cape Elizabeth area of Cumberland County and infestations and damage were heavy in South Paris, Oxford County. On August 10, randomly sampled ears in a planting in South Paris showed over 80 percent infes- tation, Populations were at a normal level in VERMONT throughout the year and moderately abundant in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Unusually mild fall temperatures favored development of the second-brood larvae in New Hampshire and moderately high populations are expected to overwinter in untreated fields. The infestations in PENNSYLVANIA were slightly less than in 1960, and, in some cases, damage was masked by excellent growing weather. In NEW JERSEY, Europen corn borer infes-— tations on field corn were low until late summer when a slight buildup occurred. Both generations were abundant on sweet corn in the State, First-generation larvae caused from moderate to heavy damage to early planted field and sweet corn in MARYLAND, particularly on the Eastern Shore. Infestations in midseason corn were light in the State, but second-generation borers were prevalent in ears and stalks in most sections by early September. The fall abundance survey showed the State average to be 115 per 100 plants, one of the highest on record; borers were heaviest in the Eastern Shore district of Maryland where the average was 186 per 100 plants. - 119 - European corn borer pupation began by March 25 in DELAWARE and had exceeded 80 percent by May 13 in all areas. Egg masses were found on several crops during the second week of May and, by mid-June, infestations in early corn and wheat were common, particularly in Kent and Sussex Counties. Pupation of the first- generation larvae in corn and potatoes was underway by the last week of June and nearly completed by the second week of July, accompanied by sharp increases of adults in blacklight trap collections. Infestations in corn by succeeding gener- ations in Delaware were very high, a large increase over 1960, especially in Kent and New Castle Counties, The spring survival rate was 121 borers per 100 stalks, a rather high figure; and the average number of borers per 100 plants found during the fall abundance survey was 376, the second highest borer population ever recorded in the State. In VIRGINIA, the infestation of this pest in corn was considerably less than in the two previous years. A fall abundance survey in 4 southwestern and 4 northern counties showed the average number of borers per 100 plants to be less than in 1960. On the Eastern Shore of Virginia, damage was noted in some areas in June. Light trap catches of moths were consis-— tently low, the lowest observed during the past 5 years. The largest numbers were caught in late July. The first generation was not commercially important in CONNECTICUT, but the second generation was very heavy. European corn borer infestations in corn were found for the first time in the following GEORGIA counties: Dade, Pickens, Bartow, Polk, Cobb, Catoosa, Gordon, Cherokee, Paulding, Haralson, Troup, Butts and Putnam. Infestations were general and light in these counties. In ALABAMA, the spread of the pest continued south- ward, with infestations being found in Chambers, Coosa and Macon Counties. The extensive European corn borer survival survey conducted annually in the spring in Van Wert County, OHIO, revealed a winter mortality of 83 percent. Spring cul- tural operations caused an 85 percent mortality of those larvae which survived the winter. Cool, wet weather in late April and early May delayed planting in Ohio, and this combination of factors had an adverse effect on the first generation. The midsummer population was low (611 larvae per acre) and corresponding damage was Slight. In the fall, the population rose to 5,430 larvae per acre, almost a nine-fold increase over the midsummer population. The first egg masses were found in central Ohio on June 5 and, by June 6, pupation was complete in this area on early sweet corn where infestations of up to 42 percent were recorded. Emergence of the first-generation adults peaked at Wooster between July 1 and 3. The fall abundance survey conducted in 33 western Ohio counties indicated an average of only 15.1 larvae (based on an average of all stops) per 100 plants, the lowest the fall population has been since the insect covered the State in 1938. In MICHIGAN, European corn borer was of little consequence on field corn. The infestation of European corn borer in INDIANA was heaviest in the extreme southern fourth of the State. The northern half of the State showed high reduc-— tions in populations. The State average number of borers per 100 plants dropped to about half the average of 1960 when the fall survey was made. The State loss in 1961 was estimated at about one percent. In ILLINOIS, approximately 73 percent of the borers survived the winter of 1960-61. By May 29, 4 percent of the moths had emerged in the southern area and, by June 15, egg laying had started through- out the State. At this time, mites and lady beetle adults were commonly observed feeding on the egg masses. Cool weather at this time retarded borer development for about 2 weeks and this caused the last of the moths to emerge later than usual. Therefore, egg laying was spread over a long period of time in Illinois. Many borers from these late eggs apparently never pupated, but continued through the season to overwinter as larvae, The first-generation surveys made in the northern two-thirds of Illinois showed a decrease from 9 larvae per 100 plants in 1960 to 3 per 100 plants in 1961. The second-generation larval population was much lighter than in 1960. About 30,000 acres were treated to control first- generation borers and 13,000 acres to control second-generation borers. =r 2 Ol Populations of European corn borer were low during the season in WISCONSIN. Pupa- tion began during the last week of May in Kenosha County and adults began to appear in blacklight traps during the first week of June. Egg masses were noted the following week at Spring Green and Prairie du Chien at the rate of one per 50 plants and 4 per 50 plants, respectively. Eggs of the second generation began hatching near Arlington on August 15. Some ear infestations were present, but less than in 1960. In MINNESOTA, the overwintering mortality survey that was conducted in the svring showed the survival to be 82 percent. Pupation of over- wintering borers was first observed during the last week of May and emergence and egg laying first took place in mid-June, but extended over many weeks. Normally, emergence and egg laying does not extend over such a long period of time. Peak egg laying in the southern Minneosta counties occurred during the first week of July. The first generation was relatively heavy in the southwestern and west central dis- tricts of the State and moderate to light in other districts as was expected from the 1960 fall survey. The second-generation adult emergence started during the second week in August and extended into September. Moderate to heavy populations of second-generation borers were present in the south central and southwestern districts. A high percentage of these borers was found infesting the ear. In many fields in the south central and southwest districts, 100 percent of the ears was infested. During the fall survey, population decreases were recorded in the southwest, west central, central and east central districts; however, there were still enough borers going into hibernation to provide a potentially damaging population in 1962, especially in the southwestern and west central districts. The northwest district, although not a major corn-growing area in Minnesota, was surveyed in the fall of 1961. The district has experienced relatively high popu- lations of the pest during the last few years. The fall survey for European corn borer in NORTH DAKOTA showed 84 percent of the plants infested and 262 borers per 100 plants in Cass and Richland Counties. This population, although threatening, is about one-half that recorded for this area in 1960. Mortality of 1960 overwintering borers was estimated at 38.5 percent. Pupation appeared near completion on June 23, and first and second instars were collected on that date. Moth emergence and egg counts in late June indicated a heavy first generation. Egg deposition reached a peak the week of July 10. Drought conditions during June in North Dakota appeared to hamper moth emergence and cold, damp weather the first weeks of July interfered with moth flights. The major egg hatch occurred the week of July 17. Following surveys to determine the infestation levels showed first-generation infestations less severe than anticipated earlier. The number of plants infested ranged from a trace to 80 percent, with the average 38 percent. Population counts averaged 76 borers per 100 plants. Observations indicated a partial second-generation infestation in 1961, which may account for the sharp rise of infested plants shown by the fall survey. The last important second generation occurred in 1949, The fall borer development in general averaged in the fifth instar. Borers in this stage should overwinter in sufficient numbers to provide a reservoir for 1962. In SOUTH DAKOTA, the spring survival survey indicated a 65 percent larval survival in the main corn-growing areas of the State. Pupation began the first week in June in the southeast. The first-generation populations were moderate in the southern areas to light in the northern areas. Second-generation larval populations were high in the southern districts to moderate in the northern districts. The fall survey indicated a fewer number of borers per 100 plants than in 1960. The average was 103 in 1961 compared with 172 in 1960. The intensive European corn borer spring survival survey in Cuming and Hall Counties, NEBRASKA, showed an average winter mortality of 91.4 and 95.1 percent, respectively. The number of borers per acre was 2,470 in Cuming County and 1,582 in Hall County. Peak moth flights occurred the second and third weeks of June and the first two weeks in August. Egg masses were readily found at these times; however, a noticeable decrease in activity was observed in the second generation. The intensive summer survey in Cuming and Hall Counties showed 3,829 and 4,249 borers per acre, respectively. The statewide fall hibernation survey, which was a Pky made in 72 counties, showed the percent of infested plants to range from 0 to 100 and the number of borers per 100 plants to range from 0 to 329. This fall count was approximately one-half the population and percent infestation of the 1960 survey which averaged 56 borers per 100 plants and 38 percent of the plants infested. In MISSOURI, pupation of overwintering larvae was complete and emergence of adults nearly complete in the southeastern area by the last week of May. The adult flight peaked in the central and northern areas by mid-June. During late June and early July, infestations ranging from 5 to 95 percent of the plants showing feeding scars, were observed in the central and northwestern areas of the State. By early July, 5 to 10 percent of the larvae had entered the stalks and controls were considerably less effective. During the last week of July, 10 to 25 pupae and full-grown larvae per 100 plants were observed in the central and north central areas of Missouri. In the southeast area, during the last week of July, first, second and third instars of the second generation could be found. The results of the fall survey showed that the percent infestations was up from 36 in 1960 to 37.1 in 1961, and the larvae per 100 plants was down from 61 in 1960 to 38 in 1961. European corn borer populations were at the lowest level noted for several years in KANSAS and populations continued at a noneconomic level in infested fields in OKLAHOMA. In ARKANSAS, the percentage of infested stalks and the number of overwintering larvae were lower than in 1960. Very late-planted corn in the northern area was not heavily infested. Only a partial third generation occurred in Arkansas. The European corn borer survey that was conducted in WYOMING, by the Wyoming State Department of Agriculture, revealed no infestations present. This was the second consecutive year that surveys have failed to find the pest in the State. A survey for the pest in NEW MEXICO was also negative. Distribution of Southwestern Corn Borer wel 2 Ze SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) was a serious problem in corn fields in eastern and southern NEW MEXICO during the year. Many farmers refrained from planting corn because of this pest. The first moth collection of the year in ARIZONA occurred the last week of April in a light trap at Mesa. Damage from infestations in corn and sorghum during the summer months in Arizona was slight in most cases. The heaviest infestations occurred during September, when 20 to 40 percent of tne stalks was infested in some central area fields. The pest does not occur in Yuma County, Arizona. Southwestern corn borer was reported as a pest in OKLAHOMA and was of economic importance only in a few fields in southern KANSAS. In ARKANSAS, the percentage of stalks lodged due to this pest was nearly double that of 1960, amounting to 10.9 percent compared with 5.8 percent in 1960. Some of this increased lodging is apparently due to the fact that there was very little early corn, which is generally very lightly infested. In northern Arkansas, very late-planted corn was not heavily infested and a third generation did not appear. Larvae and larval damage were found in the following MISSOURI counties for the first time in 1961: Howell, New Madrid, Pemiscot and Stoddard. Heavy infestations were again observed in late-planted fields in extreme southwestern Missouri and some heavy (up to 35 percent of the stalks girdled) damage was evident in a few fields in the southeastern area of the State. (See map on preceding page). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) attacked grain sorghum in moderate to heavy numbers in Brazos and Burleson Counties, TEXAS. Heavy infestations of LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) began damaging young sorghum and corn in late June in ARIZONA and continued a problem throughout July and August. Late-planted fields which were not treated, in Arizona, had large areas 100 percent infested in some cases. Scattered infestations of STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) were present in corn in eastern NEBRASKA through July, and the pest was found in southeast, south central and central districts of MINNESOTA where it lightly infested marginal rows of corn. In ILLINOIS, stalk borer moved into corn fields from newly mowed road- sides in the central third of the State in June and destroyed up to 31 percent of the corn plants in the first two marginal rows in some fields. Infestations of stalk borer remained at the 1960 level in INDIANA. Larval damage in that State was observed in early planted corn, but infestations were more common along weedy fencerovws. Occasional reports of damage to corn were received in VIRGINIA. STALK BORERS (Papaipema spp.) were found in many areas of MAINE on corn; infestations and damage were light. COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) caused light damage to sorghum heads in east central TEXAS, CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was at a low population level throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE and exceptionally low in VERMONT. Infestations of the pest became very evident in mid-August in CONNECTICUT. Infestations on hybrid seed corn in NEW JERSEY were the lowest on record. In field corn in that State, 96 per- cent or better, of the ears, were free of insect injury at harvest. Moderate numbers of corn earworm were present in sweet corn late in the season in New Jersey. For the second straight year in MARYLAND, ear infestations by corn earworm in early and late corn were about normal. Again the usual pattern of seasonal abundance existed; that is, moderate to heavy in early planted corn, light in mid-season corn and heavy in late corn. In VIRGINIA, damage to corn was statewide. Medium infestations were reported for areas in Sussex and Charles City Counties and light, local infestations were reported in Chesterfield and Northumberland Counties, The late planting of corn, and above-average rainfall in the summer, probably accounts for the decreased severity of infestations in Virginia, The first moth was taken in the light trap on the Eastern Shore on May 8. Approximately 70 percent of the earliest sweet corn was infested, and corn- maturing about July 15 was found to be about 30 percent infested, The latter figure was less than normal. Corn earworm was practically absent at Wooster and Columbus, OHIO, and present only in moderate numbers at Marietta on sweet corn, On late sweet corn in Ohio, infestations were around 90 to 100 percent at both Marietta and Wooster. However, = 123 = the pest was infrequently encountered on field corn at harvest. In INDIANA, corn earworm populations declined in 1961. The southern half of the State had the heaviest infestations, with a gradual decline northward where practically no losses were evident. It was mid-September before the corn earworm infested sweet corn in Tippecanoe County; infestations became momentarily high. The average State loss of field corn in Indiana was 0.31 percent in 1961 compared with 0.59 in 1960. This situation was corroborated by light trap catches in which moths of this species were the lowest of the past 5 years. Populations were generally low during the season in WISCONSIN; the first corn earworm collection of the season was verified from a blacklight trap at Cambria during the fourth week of August. Significant numbers of the pest began to appear during the first week of September, which is about a week later than in 1960. Only very late=planted fields of sweet corn were slightly infested with corn earworm in Wisconsin and damage to field corn was practically nonexistent in that State. Adults continued to be caught late in the season, but damage was minimal. The population of corn earworm was extremely low in MINNESOTA. Out of 345 fields checked during the European corn borer fall survey, only 3 were found lightly infested. Corn earworm fed in whorls of late-planted, scattered corn fields in the south=- west and southeastern areas of MISSOURI from early to mid-July. Most of these infestations were light (0.5 to 5 percent of the plants infested), but some ran as high as 15 percent of the plants infested. In SOUTH DAKOTA, samples examined from the eastern part of the State indicated that the 1961 growing season exper- ienced one of the lightest infestations for many years. In over 1,000 ears examined from the southeastern and east central area corn, only 4 ears showed evidence of larval damage. Very light infestations occurred throughout NEBRASKA in 1961. Corn earworm adults were first picked up in light traps the second week in August and peak flights occurred in mid-October. Corn earworm damage to corn and sorghum in KANSAS was at a relatively low level during the year. Corn ear- worm caused some localized damage to young corn plants in eastern OKLAHOMA by late May. Infestations remained light in corn and sorghum until early July. By mid-July, up to 100 percent (range 50-100 percent) infestation was noted in some corn fields in the north central, northeast, east central, southeast and south central areas of Oklahoma. Lighter infestations (32 percent) were observed in the southwest. Counts ranged from 0-28 in the south central area to 3 per head in Payne County in grain sorghum. Infestations of corn earworm were up consider- ably in corn over the 1960 season in Oklahoma. In ARKANSAS, few, if any, economic infestations of corn earworm developed on sorghum, although this insect is gener- ally considered to be the most important pest of sorghum in the State. Corn earworm caused spotted damage to grain sorghum in TEXAS, Corn earworm damaged sweet and field corn throughout NEW MEXICO. Almost 100 percent of the ears was infested in fields checked in the southern half of the State. In ARIZONA, light infestations of corn earworm began to appear in field and sweet corn as budworms in April. During May, Jume and July, some fields of young corn and sorghum had 50 percent of the stalks infested with one or more larvae. Consistent control measures were necessary in commercial sweet corn after silking began. The pest caused light damage to sweet and field corn in northern UTAH, being damaging in southern Utah, Estimated damage in the State was $90,000. Populations usually were light on early market and canning corn, especially in northern and central canning areas of Utah. Corn earworm was present on corn in COLORADO during the season, but generally very light. The pest caused very little loss; in fact, less than in any one year that the survey program has been in operation, Corn earworm populations in IDAHO were generally below those encountered in 1960. Generally, about 4 percent of the silks of sweet corn in Canyon County were infes- ted in early August, with a considerable increase in infestations noted by mid- August in the same area. Some severe corn earworm damage was noted, but confined mostly to late-planted sweet corn in the southwestern area of the State. In WASHINGTON, the pest was abundant in the Walla Walla area, but not as damaging = 2a as elsewhere on sweet corn, It was abundant and destructive in the Yakima Valley. Larvae started feeding in tassels of early market corn by mid-June because of high temperatures. Adult populations built up rapidly, but did not reach the levels of previous peak years. Corn earworm adults first appeared in OREGON in Jefferson County on June 3. In Umatilla County, all stages were present in fields, with corn foliage being attacked July 1. Infestations were severe to harvest. Corn earworm populations were low in the Willamette Valley, with the first adults being collected on June 24, Infestations were below 10 percent, even in late- maturing fields of corn. Corn earworm infestations in southern NEVADA were as severe as in previous years; but, in the central and northern counties of the State, infestations were lighter than for several years. Infestations were heavy on sweet corn in Lincoln County. Populations were general in CALIFORNIA. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) was a problem on corn and sorghum in some areas of ARIZONA, but generally of minor importance, The pest caused limited damage in isolated areas of TEXAS to sorghum buds and whorls. Infestations in ARKANSAS were much lighter than in 1960. The pest was observed feeding on corn and grain sorghum in MISSOURI, but was not of economic importance in KANSAS. In ILLINOIS, fall armyworm infested corn fields throughout the State in August. The west-southwest district of the State was most heavily populated; 7-24 percent of the plants in late corn fields was infested, with 3 to 72 larvae per 100 plants in this district. Ragging of leaves was apparent in some fields. The fall army- worm appearance of August 1 was the earliest record to date in Tippecanoe County, INDIANA, although few larval infestations were observed or reported in the northern half of the State. An estimate in the southern area of Indiana was difficult because of similar corn earworm damage in the usual area of trouble. Light trap collections of fall armyworm, however, indicated that the moths were more abundant than usual in Indiana. In OHIO, scattered damage to late-planted field corn and sweet corn was observed in late August. Fall armyworm destroyed 50 percent of a cornfield in Franklin County, PENNSYLVANIA, in August, and was reported in occasional numbers elsewhere in the State. Moderate numbers of the insect were present on sweet corn in NEW JERSEY late in the season,and infesta- tions in late corn were spotty in MARYLAND, the heaviest noted approaching 50 percent on silage corn in Frederick County during August. Fall armyworm was seldom reported in VIRGINIA, and in RHODE ISLAND, a small infestation was noted in field corn in the Middletown area of Newport County in late August. Infesta- tions of fall armyworm in millet and grain sorghum in GEORGIA were lighter than in 1960. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) infestations were common in grain sorghum in several areas of OKLAHOMA by early September, and marginal rows of corn were lightly infested in some fields in southeastern and south central MINNESOTA, In VIRGINIA, light, local infestations occurred on corn, with the only heavy infestation being reported in Isle of Wight County where several acres of young corn were destroyed. CUTWORMS, mainly BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) became noticeable in corn fields in late May in ILLINOIS and continued damaging to corn plants through the middle of June. Some damage occurred in every district in the State. An estimated 92,699 acres were treated and 71,586 acres were replanted. In MISSOURI, several species of cutworms, mainly black cutworm and DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia subgothica) caused some damage to marginal rows of corn and sorghum, with an occasional field requiring replanting. Most cutworm infestations in Missouri were confined to the Missouri River bottoms, with a few isolated infestations in the southwest area, Several species of cutworms were a problem in ARIZONA on corn and sorghum in some areas, but were generally only of minor importance. Populations of cutworms in INDIANA were low due to climatic condi- tions which did not favor them in 1961. DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (Euxoa messoria) caused damage to corn in the panhandle area of NEBRASKA during the first week of June. = 25 — WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) was in outbreak proportions on corn for the second consecutive year in southwestern NEBRASKA. Egg masses in late July were as high as 300 per 100 plants and, in some fields, 100 percent of the plants was infested. In August, from 3 to 18 larvae were counted per corn plant in this area of the State. Damage to corn ears occurred as far east as Buffalo and Harlan Counties. Peak moth flights occurred from mid-July to mid-August. Over 4,000 moths were collected in a light trap near Parks on the nights of July 19 and 23. A SKIPPER (Lerodea eufala) was present as a light infestation on corn, sorghum and Sudan grass in Clark County, NEVADA; a new State record. Limited infestations of SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) were noted on grain sorghum in August in the southeast and south central areas of OKLAHOMA, but increased to 15 per head in the south central area of the State by late August. By early September, infestations in Oklahoma were becoming increasingly common, but remained light except for localized infestations of 10 to 15 per head in the south central area in mid-September. Checks in late September after heavy rains in the south central area were negative. In TEXAS, damage by sorghum webworm ranged from light to heavy on grain sorghum and Indiangrass. Light populations of this species and corn earworm were observed feeding in heads of grain sorghum in the southwest and southeastern areas of MISSOURI during the latter part of August. In ARKANSAS, few, if any, economic infestations developed on sorghum. This insect is generally considered a close second in importance to corn earworm on sorghum in Arkansas. A WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) caused severe damage to a few fields of corn in the northern one-third of ILLINOIS in late May, and CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) was observed feeding on corn and grain sorghum during the year in MISSOURI. The latter species was also reported light and local in Pittsyl- vania County, VIRGINIA. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis)was observed feed- ing on grain sorghum and corn during the year in MISSOURI. CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) were of the greatest importance in NEBRASKA in 1961. They caused considerable damage and yield losses to corn in many areas of the State. Three species, WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) , NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (D. longicornis) , and SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM @. uudecimpunctata howardi) were present in the State. This was the second consecutive year that soil insecticide treatments did not give satisfactory control in the south central area. In this area, western corn rootworm accounted for approximately 100 percent of the rootworm populations. The northern corn rootworm was domi- nant in the extreme east and northeast parts of Nebraska, whereas the southern corn rootworm was few in number and scattered throughout the State. The first larval damage occurred in mid-June and continued through July. larval counts ranged from one to 165 per corn plant. The first adult emergence was noted in mid-July. Egg deposition occurred from mid-August on. At this time, consider- able adult feeding was found on the kernels at the tip of corn ears. Adults of all three of the aforementioned species were observed feeding on legumes and sorghum in near proximity to corn in Nebraska. In KANSAS, northern corn root- western corn rootworm and southern corn rootworm did not cause as much lodging of corn plants as had been predicted. This was due largely to the extensive amount of soil treated and planting on clean ground. A severe western corn rootworm infestation occurred in Lyman County, SOUTH DAKOTA. The infestation was first reported by the county agent the first week of August. Approximately 2 sections were affected, with some corn so severely damaged that it had to be plowed under. Light infestations of southern corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm were also reported in the southeast, east central and central areas of South Dakota during August. These infestations were widely scattered and only individual fields were affected, The damage in these fields consisted of goosenecked stalks along with some adult feeding on the ears. In ILLINOIS, northern corn rootworm and southern corn rootworm popu- lations were generally light. In late July, 0 to 20 percent (average 4) of the corn plants showed some degree of lodging. 26 — Northern corn rootworm adults were first observed in WISCONSIN, near Arlington, on July 21. Extensive lodging of corn plants in this area, due to the feeding of the larvae, occurred on July 24. Adults of the species became very abundant in northern Dane and Columbia Counties during the first part of August and were noted as far north as Ellsworth in Pierce County. In MISSOURI, larval damage by northern corn rootworm was reported in scattered corn fields throughout the State. Widespread damage was not observed in one area. Very little damage to the ears by adult feeding was evident. The pest was generally distributed in INDIANA during 1961 and in greater numbers than usual. Losses were low but widespread. The feeding by northern corn rootworm adults on corn silks in one field in Randolph County reduced pollination and caused a 50 percent reduction in yield. Both adult feeding on silks and larval feeding on roots causes seri- ous damage to field corn in several northwestern OHIO counties. Northern corn rootworm adults were found in 9 of 10 fields surveyed in Fulton County, Ohio, during August. Ears with adults, in infested fields, ranged from 6 to 96 percent (average 48). Severe damage by adults of this species was also observed in Seneca, Henry and Sandusky Counties. Evidence of damage to corn roots by lar- vae was more evident and widespread than usual in Ohio. Lodging was conspicuous at harvest, especially in the northwestern area, Western corn rootworm was recorded for the first time in MINNESOTA during 1961, in Pipestone and Rock Counties, on alfalfa and corn. Surveys for the pest in northwest MISSOURI were negative. In WYOMING, western corn rootworm adults were first reported on July 20 in Platte County and the heaviest infestations were reported about the middle of August. In general, the populations in Wyoming were not as great as those found in 1960. The largest populations were found in areas of Platte County. The pest caused the main losses to field corn in areas of COLORADO where no crop rotation has been followed, However, the total losses to this crop by insects in Colorado was less than one percent, WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) damaged tasseling corn in Washington County, OREGON, from August 1 through harvest. SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonderus lecontei) adult activity was common in the eastern area of NEBRASKA, with large numbers being collected in the Lincoln light trap in early June. The insect was not of economic importance in KANSAS. A CHRYSOME- LID (Maecolaspis sp.) was rather light on corn in ILLINOIS, but adults of a species were abundant on corn in Frederick and Queen Annes Counties, MARYLAND, during late July; damage in the latter State was negligible, however. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) populations were above normal in MARYLAND, being most abundant on sweet and field corn during August. High numbers were present on sweet corn in NEW JERSEY, but only occasional reports of damage were received in VIRGINIA. The pest was not commercially important on corn in CONNECTICUT. Populations of corn flea beetle in INDIANA were more abun- dant than during 1960, and leaf damage to popcorn continued until midsummer in the central and east central areas of the State. In ILLINOIS, the pest damaged some corn fields in the southern half of the State in late May and early June, when up to 10 adults per plant were present. Approximately 12,000 acres were treated with insecticides. As many as 12 adults per plant were found in the west-southwest district of the State in late July, but the only possibility of damage at this time was from the spread of Stewart's disease. With the collec- tion of this species in Winnabago County in 1961, there are now positive records from every county in Illinois. Moderate to heavy populations were observed on small corn throughout MISSOURI from late May to mid-June; however, little economic damage resulted from the feeding of the corn flea beetle adults. The species was not of economic importance in 1961 in KANSAS. DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) damaged sweet and field corn and sorghum throughout the season in Washington County, UTAH, and less commonly elsewhere, Populations in NEVADA were moderate to heavy on corn and sorghum in July and August in Clark County. In ARIZONA, populations of 3 to 5 adults WA per stalk were common in the central and western areas of the State on young corn and sorghum during April, May and June. Considerable foliage damage was evident in some cases, Infestations of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus callosus) were light to heavy on corn in GEORGIA; about the same as in 1960, but lighter than in 1957, 1958 and 1959. A billbug, thought to be S. callosus, continued to be abundant in several fields of corn growing on muck soil in Montgomery County, INDIANA, The adults killed some seedling corn plants in the early summer, but in general the harvest was excellent, Larvae were not found in corn plantings. The heavy populations in Indiana were associated with the abundance of chufa flatsedge (Cyperus esculen- tus), the most common host plant of this species. In ILLINOIS, Sphenophorus sp, caused some damage to corn in the northern two-thirds of the State in late May and in June. As many as 3 adults per plant were found in the most heavily infested spots. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) caused limited damage to grain sorghum in the southern half of TEXAS. DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) infestations were heavy on sweet corn in Lincoln County, NEVADA, and it caused local injury to sweet corn ears as far north as Salt Lake, Davis and Utah Counties, UTAH, largely in home gardens. One field of market corn in Utah was severely damaged in Davis County. Its damage was commonest and most severe in southern Utah. Infestations were low at Columbus, Marietta and Wooster, OHIO, where control tests were established. Very few complaints were received in Ohio. The pest averaged 5 larvae and one adult per ear in untreated sweet corn in East St. Louis area of ILLINOIS during the period July 10 to 14. SAP BEETLES, especially dusky sap beetle, were again abundant in ears and tassels of sweet and field corn in all sections of MARYLAND. Carpophilus spp. were observed on corn and sorghum in MISSOURI, and Glischro- chilus quadrisignatus was abundant in corn fields in the northern two-thirds of ILLINOIS in late July and August. In some fields in the latter State, 100 per- cent of the plants were infested. The highest population observed was 344 adults per 100 plants. Unspecified sap beetles caused local injury to corn at scattered localities in UTAH and were often reported as infesting corn, particularly sweet corn, in numerous localities of VIRGINIA, A SCARAB (Euphoria inda) attacked sweet corn in Cascade County, MONTANA, Unspecified species of WIREWORMS eliminated several stands of corn in VERMONT and destroyed some fields of corn in central and northwestern ILLINOIS in late May. They also caused some damage to corn in MINNESOTA, especially in the west central district where stand reduction was severe in a few fields. Wireworms were found on field corn during the season in COLORADO, and they damaged young grain sorghum in southern and coastal areas of TEXAS, necessitating replanting of some fields. Melanotus spp. damaged some corn and sorghum fields in MISSOURI during mid-May, mostly in the southwestern area, CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was heavy on field corn in the Newport area of Newport County, RHODE ISLAND , in mid-August, and populations of the aphid ranged from light to moderate on the tassels and top halves of corn in all sec- tions of MARYLAND during August and September. In OHIO, populations of corn leaf aphid were the lowest since 1956. Damage on a statewide basis was negligible, with only scattered areas reporting even moderate infestations; however, this species was by far the most injurious of corn insects in INDIANA. Loss in this State averaged 4 percent compared with 3.7 percent in 1960, a heavy year. The outstanding characteristic of 1961 in Indiana was the shift in population to the southern half of the State and very low populations in the northern half where the insect had been extremely abundant in 1959 and moder- ately numerous in 1960. In contrast, corn leaf aphid populations in ILLINOIS were considered to be widespread, but low in corn fields throughout the season. The aphid was also observed feeding on corn and grain sorghum in MISSOURI. The first corn leaf aphid was caught in yellow pan traps during the last week of - 128 - June in WISCONSIN. Colonies were noticeable on corn tassels in the southwestern counties of that State and in Waushara County during the last week of July. Generally, infestations were light and quite comparable with the 1960 infesta- tions in Wisconsin. Populations on corn in MINNESOTA were widespread, but low throughout the season. Some high corn leaf aphid populations were observed in field corn during August in NORTH DAKOTA. Low populations of the species contin- ued on corn and sorghum from July through September in NEBRASKA and it was present, but in noneconomic numbers, on corn and sorghum over much of KANSAS. Infestations in SOUTH DAKOTA were first noted on July 21 on field corn. Popula- tions of corn leaf aphid were moderate to high on corn in the eastern one=half of the State throughout August and the first part of September, Damage resulting from the infestation is not known, Light numbers of corn leaf aphid were occasionally found from January through April in small grain fields in OKLAHOMA. By May and early June light to medium infestations were becoming common in fields of young corn, and grain sorghum in the north central and northeastern areas during August and September. Heavy populations (200-400 per plant) still existed on late sorghum in late October in Garvin County. Up to 95 percent of the volunteer plants and 100 percent of Johnson grass terminals were infested in some localities of southwest Oklahoma in November. Corn leaf aphid was found on field corn in COLORADO during the season and it was found in many corn fields in southeastern WYOMING. Heavy. infestations occurred in scattered areas of the latter State but,in general, the pest did not cause as much damage as in 1960. The largest populations occurred in August. Injury to corn was generally light in UTAH. Corn leaf aphid appeared on grain sorghum in damaging numbers in south central TEXAS and several heavy infestations were found on corn in southern NEW MEXICO. Also in New Mexico, occasionally light to heavy infestations were found in grain sorghum fields in Roosevelt County. Light spring infestations of the aphid were present in early sorghum in ARIZONA, but declined as the weather became hot. The fall infestations of corn leaf aphid began to increase about October 1 in Arizona sorghum and were heavy in many areas until harvest. The infestations on corn and sorghum in NEVADA were lighter than in 1960, the heaviest being in Clark County in September. Corn leaf aphid was medium on corn in the Quien Sabe Valley, San Benito County, and on milo in Davis, Yolo County, CALIFORNIA. RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) infestations in ARIZONA began to increase on sorghum earlier than in 1960 and were heavy in some fields in late September, The infestations were in combination with corn leaf aphid and remained heavy until harvest. In some fields, the aphids were in the heads in great numbers, and the honeydew deposits they left made harvesting difficult. This aphid has not been collected in Yuma County, Arizona. CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidiradicis) injury was more evident in PENNSYLVANIA to corn than usual because of the poor conditions early in the season in the southeastern area. An unspecified black APHID was heavy on sweet corn in a few isolated cases in CONNECTICUT. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) damage to grain sorghum was very light over TEXAS, as was SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi), LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) , and RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax pugnax). Say stink bug and Euschistus impictiventris caused damage to sorghum in some ARIZONA areas, but were of minor importance generally. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) severely damaged several fields of corn in central and southern portions of ALABAMA and damaging infestations occurred on grain sorghum in central and southern TEXAS. The annual hibernation survey in ARKANSAS showed a few more bugs than in past years. Although there was not a great difference in the classification between years, the actual number of bugs collected in comparable numbers of samples was about twice as many in 1961 as compared with 1960, On a square foot basis, the difference was even greater. AWARE) Migrations from small grains in MISSOURI began in early Jume in the southwest and continued until mid-July in the northern areas. Damage to small corn and grain sorghum in that State was confined mostly to the margins of the fields but, in the southwest, some fields were damaged enough to warrant controls. Populations of chinch bug remained at noneconomic levels in INDIANA. Popula-— tions in ILLINOIS were the lowest they have been in many years. The 1961 fall hibernation counts, based on county averages, rated one county light, one moderate and one severe, compared with 12 counties light, 11 moderate and 3 severe in 1960. The State average of bugs per square foot in bunch grass was 90.5 in 1961 compared with 289.7 in 1960. The greatest concentration of chinch bug adults was in the northern half of Champaign and southern Iroquois Counties. The annual adult hibernation survey in NEBRASKA, conducted in 29 counties, showed only one economic sample. This was one of the lightest populations on record for the State. Populations were also at the lowest level in several years in KANSAS. In OKLAHOMA, chinch bug populations remained at a low level, with very little damage noted. This is the fourth year that population levels have remained low or dropped. In the annual fall survey, only Okfuskee County (central area) had moderate numbers (500-1,000 per square foot) and light numbers (250-500 per square foot) were recorded in Lincoln, Rogers and Tulsa Counties. Thirteen Oklahoma counties showed a population decline from the 1960 survey. A PYRRHOCORID BUG (Largus cinctus californicus) occurred in heavy populations in corn plantings in the River District, Yolo County, and in dry fields in the Santa Maria area, Santa Barbara County, CALIFORNIA. The first collection of SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) was made in ARIZONA, from sorghum in the Kansas Settlement area of Cochise County,on October 3, 1961. Additional surveys showed the infested area to involve 5 counties and to include everything east of a line running along the western border of Santa Cruz County, northward through Pima County just west of Tucson, and including Graham and Greenlee Counties. Infestations were generally light; however, in a few areas 30 to 50 percent damage was common. Most of the damage occurred to unseasonably late-planted sorghum,and that which was ready for har- vest on October 1 was not damaged sufficiently to be noticeable. Extensive surveys in the lower elevation valleys failed to locate any infestations. Sorghum midge was reported as a pest in OKLAHOMA, occurred over most of TEXAS and caused extensive damage in spotted areas from the east to the plains and panhandle region. Few, if any, economic infestations developed on sorghum in ARKANSAS in 1961. Moderate infestations and damage by SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) were reported from Monmouth, Kennebec County, MAINE, in late June. The pest was severe on field corn in VERMONT due to the late, wet spring. Infestations of seed-corn maggot were found on corn during the season in COLORADO and injury to corn was normal in UTAH or, in many counties, less than normal. The insect caused damage to corn in some areas of ARIZONA. but generally was of only minor importance. CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) was heavy,in localized areas of CONNECTICUT, being somewhat more widely reported than in 1960. An estimated 2,573,812 acres of corn ground was treated at or before planting time to control SOIL INSECTS in ILLINOIS. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) populations were abundant in part of a cornfield in Elmore County, IDAHO, during mid-August, resulting in extensive damage. Damage in UTAH to corn was very severe in parts of Davis, Weber, Salt Lake, Utah, Tooele and Juab Counties and locally in other areas of the State. Infestations on corn in WYOMING were not as severe as in 1960; however, severe damage was found in areas of Platte and Goshen Counties. The mites were first reported the last week of July and continued to be found until the middle of September. Two-spotted spider mite was found for the first time in corn fields of the Big Horn Basin. The mite was found on corn during the season in COLORADO, but was not of economic importance on sweet corn due to the prevailing weather conditions. Two-spotted spider mite caused sporadic - 130 - damage to corn in the eastern area of WASHINGTON, and light to heavy populations were noted on corn in Ventura and San Joaquin Counties, CALIFORNIA. BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) damage to corn was very severe in parts of Davis, Weber, Salt Lake, Utah, Tooele and Juab Counties, UTAH, and locally damaging elsewhere. i. SLUG (Derocerus sp.) caused considerable damage to young corn plants early in the season in PENNSYLVANIA. In some fields, plants were completely killed, thus reducing the stand. Injured plants were slow in recovering. GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) continues one of the most serious pests in OREGON, with losses reported in all irrigated areas. Damage to corn seedlings was extensive in Yamhill County. The pest was also found on corn in COLORADO during the season. Medium populations of garden symphylan damaged a field corn planting in Clarksburg, Yolo County, CALIFORNIA. Small Grain Insects Highlights: GREENBUG was a problem in areas of several states during the spring. Controls were successfully used to combat the infestations. Typical "greenbug spots" were found in the south central area of Oklahoma by late March and the panhandle area reported increasing populations until mid-May. Earlier, damaging infestations were noted in northern Texas and southwest Oklahoma. Some damage was also reported during the season in south central, Kansas; Seward County, Nebraska; several Colorado counties; and in Bennett County, South Dakota. Damaging ARMYWORM infestations were reported in Missouri and Arkansas during 1961 and treatments were applied. ARMY CUTWORM was damaging to small grains in areas of several Western and Plains States during the spring, and PALE WESTERN CUTWORM caused severe damage to wheat in 2 Montana counties. HESSIAN FLY poses’ a threat in Kansas, and damage was reported in areas of Montana and Missouri in 1961. Damage by BROWN WHEAT MITE was reported from Texas and New Mexico northward to Idaho and Montana during the year. Losses to small grains were reported in several states. WINTER GRAIN MITE reached damaging proportions in northern Texas during the late winter and early spring. FOO IA OK ACO IO IACI IK GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) infestations reached damaging proportions on small grains in the northern half of TEXAS during the late winter and early spring. In NEW MEXICO, populations were very light to nonexistent in wheat fields in the eastern counties during the spring, but an apparent buildup was noted in a number of Curry County wheat fields during October and November. Lighter infestations were reported in Colfax and Roosevelt Counties. Some losses to wheat in COLORADO which were attributed to greenbug and brown wheat mite (Petrobia latens) amounted to 5-30 percent in Baca, Bent and Prowers Counties. In other counties in south- eastern Colorado, losses to wheat were 1-5 percent. In areas where losses occurred, greenbug populations in April were 1-3 per plant and, by the middle of May, populations had increased to 50-200 per plant. Greenbug was the major insect pest of barley in Colorado during the season. Counts in early April were 70-150 per 100 sweeps in the southeast and increased to 50-300 per 100 sweeps in all of the eastern area during May. Moravian barley in Weld and Morgan Counties was infested in April and May. Winter barley was not infested by insects such that losses resulted on the greater part of the acreage planted. There was some loss in the southeastern part of Colorado. Spring barley losses of 10 to 60 percent occurred in Otero, Prowers, Bent and Baca Counties, where the use of control measures reduced loss by 50 percent. elton Greenbug infestations were light in ARKANSAS, with none reaching economic levels. In OKLAHOMA, infestations were common (averaged less than 10 per linear foot) in most fields of small grain throughout the State during the winter. Low popula- tions continued until early March when moderate to moderately heavy (50-75 per linear foot) numbers were present in some central and north central areas. Heavy populations (500-600 per linear foot) were killing plants in the southwest by mid-March, By late March, 40-50 percent of the fields surveyed in the south central area exhibited the typical "greenbug spots", with chemical control measures becoming extensively used. By late April, populations were declining in most areas of Oklahoma except the panhandle area which reported increasing populations until mid-May, Fall checks revealed that light infestations were common in small grain throughout the eastern third of the State. Although no general outbreak existed in the Enid-Kingfisher area, localized fall "hot spots" were present that required control. Greenbug caused considerable damage only in two areas in south central and southwestern KANSAS. Populations over the remain- der of the State were generally at noneconomic levels. Light infestations of greenbug were noted in the southwest area of MISSOURI on wheat and barley in early April. These infestations increased rapidly for a week to 10 days until counts in a few fields ran as high as several hundred per foot of row. By late April, the population had again declined until counts ranged from zero to 15 per foot of row. Except for one week in mid-April, populations were low throughout Missouri and very few fields had insecticide applications. In NEBRASKA, approximately 100 per plant stem were found causing oats to yellow in Seward County during May. Elsewhere in the southern half of the State, populations of greenbug ranged from 5 to 50 per sweep on small grains in May and June. Greenbug was first reported in SOUTH DAKOTA about the end of May in the east central area. Counts were low and conditions were not favorable for high populations. An economic infestation did occur in Bennett County on small grains about the first of June. Considerable damage was done. Some farmers controlled the pest by treatments. The infestation was reduced and greenbug populations remained low during the rest of the season in South Dakota. In NORTH DAKOTA, early populations threatened seedling small grains throughout the southeast sections. Crops were extremely vulnerable to attack, but drought conditions and predators interceded and reduced numbers to noneconomic levels. Greenbug was again present in MINNESOTA in 1961. It was first found on May 23 in the south central district and, by June 9, could be found in all districts. Populations were low over the entire State and very little crop damage was sustained. Predators, primarily lady beetle larvae, multiplied rapidly in June and helped hold populations in check. Greenbug disappeared rapidly by the first week of July and did not present a problem the remainder of the season in Minne- sota. Greenbug appeared in oat fields during the first week of June in WISCONSIN, which is a week earlier than noted in 1960. This species was present in most oat fields in the southwest and west central areas of the State by the middle of June, but averaged less than one per sweep and was generally not a problem, "Red leaf" disease was negligible. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) caused damage to wheat in some areas of ARIZONA, but was generally of only minor importance. The pest was rarely damaging in UTAH, and only trace numbers were found in wheat and barley in COLORADO. However, it was common on small grain in the north central and pan- handle areas of TEXAS. Infestations of English grain aphid were common through- out OKLAHOMA in small grain. Populations increased during the late winter and spring, with the peak activity being reached in early April when up to several thousand per linear foot existed in small grain fields. By late April, however, populations were declining until most infestations were below the economic level. Very light (2 per linear foot) populations were beginning to appear in the early fall on newly seeded small grains. English grain aphid was noneconomic in KANSAS, and low to moderate numbers were present on small grains during April and May in NEBRASKA, where counts ranged from 2 to 500 per sweep in the southern and eastern areas. Counts of the aphid during late March, in the southern portion of MISSOURI, - 132 - ranged from zero to 20 (average 7) per foot of row. These counts gradually increased through April until early May when counts ranged from 15 to 40 (averaged 12-20) per foot of row. From early May to mid-May, English grain aphid counts then decreased to very light numbers. No economic damage was observed in Missouri. Infestations of English grain aphid were generally light on small grains in ILLINOIS. The heaviest populations ranged zero to 160 (average 40) per sweep in the southwest district in late April. English grain aphid was found in Rock, Iowa and Lafayette Counties, WISCONSIN, on oats by April 26, which is a month earlier than in 1960. This aphid soon spread throughout the State, but never increased to economic numbers. ''Red leaf" disease of oats and yellow dwarf of barley were negligible in 1961. In MINNESOTA, English grain aphid was found feeding in early June on emerging heads of winter wheat and rye in moderate numbers. Populations were generally low during the season. Predator populations increased during June and helped hold the numbers down. Infestations in NORTH DAKOTA were moderate on seedling wheat, barley and oats during the week of May 22 in the southeastern area. Populations thereafter declined and no economic injury was observed in any area. English grain aphid became common to abundant in many winter grain fields throughout much of northern IDAHO during June. In some winter wheat fields in Kootenai County, the pest averaged 9 per head, with many heads supporting popu- lations of 25 to 30 aphids. Populations became drastically reduced in Idaho during July, however. English grain aphid, APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) and Macrosiphum dirhodum were abundant from the fall of 1960 through the late spring of 1961 west of the Cascade Mountains in WASHINGTON. Yellow dwarf was prevalent and severe on both fall- and spring-sown wheat, oats and barley. Yellow dwarf was unimpor- tant in the eastern area of Washington. Apple grain aphid was light to moderate on small grains in the northern half of TEXAS and populations of the aphid were common in most small grain fields through— out OKLAHOMA, In the latter State, populations of 10-100 per linear foot of drill row existed until the peak activity was reached in early March (2,000 plus per linear foot). They were common, but started to decline by late April in most areas of Oklahoma but the panhandle. The first activity of this species in 1961 was in early November in Jefferson County. Light infestations were common in the northeast by late November. Apple grain aphid was noneconomic in KANSAS and very light populations were observed in MISSOURI. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) infestations were light on barley in ARIZONA in mid-February, and did not build up as in some previous years, but heavy populations developed on barley cover crops in February in San Marcos, San Diego County, CALIFORNIA. The infestations in NEW MEXICO were much lighter in barley than during 1960 and the aphid caused only local damage to spring barley in scattered localities of UTAH. Light numbers were occasionally found from January through April in OKLAHOMA small grain fields and light to medium numbers were observed in the south central area in the fall. The spring infestation in Oklahoma was considerably lower than in 1960. The populations on barley in MINNESOTA were low and infestations did not become economic in NORTH DAKOTA, However, light to moderate populations were recorded on small grains in the north half of GEORGIA. WESTERN WHEAT APHID (Brachycolus tritici) populations were generally light and spotted in NEW MEXICO and caused only minor injury to wheat fields in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. The aphid appeared in locally heavy populations in the TEXAS Panhandle, however, YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) damaged barley locally in north central TEXAS and was reported as a pest of cereals in OKLAHOMA, Unspecified APHID vectors on perennial grasses were present in low populations in March in OREGON and winter cereals were almost free of these pests in the Willamette Valley through mid-June. On June 11, checks in Benton County revealed only 4 percent of the plants infested. In ALASKA, barley yellow dwarf, spread by APHIDS, has appeared in the Matanuska Valley. : - 133 - In CALIFORNIA, unspecified APHIDS were spotted heavy on oats in Riverside County, heavy on silage in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County, and medium on barley in Chular area in November in Monterey County. ARMYWORM infestations in ARKANSAS were heavier on small grains in the spring of 1961 than in 1960. Economic infestations developed and considerable grain acre- age was treated. The first small larvae of the season in MISSOURI were observed in the southeast in late April. From early to mid-May, counts in wheat and barley ranged from 8 to 25 larvae per square foot in this area of the State and many of the fields were treated with insecticides. These Missouri infestations were confined mainly to the fields that had the most growth. During late May and early June, damaging infestations were observed in the rank and down spots of wheat, barley and fescue in the central and northeast areas. Egg deposition was spread over a long period of time,as indicated by the wide variation in the size of the larvae throughout the infestation. The first reports of armyworm in OKLAHOMA were from Major County in early June. Infestations appeared in all parts of ILLINOIS on small grains and grasses, but they were much heavier in the south- west district. As many as 30 per square foot were found in some lodged wheat and barley. Approximately 31,000 acres were treated in Illinois, of which about 16,000 acres were in the southwest district. Parasites were common in the canta, west and west-southwest districts of the State by June 15. Some of the larvae were full grown at this time and numbered up to 30 per square foot in a few spots of lodged and small grains. Infestations of armyworm in INDIANA were below normal, A few small grain fields were treated in Knox and Daviess Counties. In NEBRASKA, the heaviest moth flight occurred during June and early July. Slight armyworm damage was noted in the eastern area of the State. Armyworm infestations in VERMONT were exceptionally low and the pest was relatively scarce in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Of special interest in the latter State was the capture of freshly emerged moths at blacklight traps as late as November 16. Catches were also recorded at several locations during November in MAINE, the latest being November 20 at Farmingdale. Armyworm was reported in small grain and grasses from several areas of NEW JERSEY, but the infesta- tions did not build up and damage was below normal. The pest caused moderate injury in MARYLAND to several grain fields on the lower Eastern Shore during May, but infestations were not in outbreak proportions, In VIRGINIA, light, local infestations occurred on rye, barley, wheat and lodged small grains. The only heavy infestations were reported in Northampton County where small grains were severely damaged. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygm a frugiperda) infestations on small grains in TEXAS were lighter than in 1960 an the insect was reported as a pest in OKLAHOMA. WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) was a minor pest of wheat in Curry and Quay Counties, NEW MEXICO, during June; but the species was not of economic impor= tance in KANSAS during the year. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) caused some damage to small grain and range plant acreage during the spring in local areas of southern and central UTAH, but the infestations were lighter than normal. PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) caused severe damage to wheat in Liberty and Toole Counties, MONTANA, and scattered infestations were found in small acreage in Yellowstone, Phillips, Valley and Dawson Counties in that State. In NEW MEXICO, heavy infestations were found on Conservation Reserve Lands in Harding and Curry Counties during May, where populations ranged from one to 15 per square foot. No serious losses of dryland grain occurred in UTAH, ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) occurred in spotted areas over MONTANA; wheat was attacked in Cascade and Liberty Counties. In IDAHO, infestations were reported spottedly throughout many winter wheat fields in the American Falls area during mid-May, often with 4 to 6 larvae per square foot and a 50 percent loss of stand. Hard, red spring wheat in the same area of Idaho was also injured. - 134 - Scattered, heavy populations of army cutworm damaged winter wheat and barley in several sections of NORTH DAKOTA during April and May and small populations of zero to 2 larvae per 6 linear feet of row were found working on winter wheat in southwest and south central SOUTH DAKOTA during the spring. Damage to small grains and range plant acreage in UTAH was less than normal during the spring. In NEBRASKA, heavy, damaging populations of army cutworm occurred on small grains as far as the eastern third of the State during April. In some areas, larvae were found to be moving in "armies" to new fields. The disturbance reached much farther east than was predicted. The first light trap collections in Nebraska were received April 13. The heaviest moth flights occurred the first two weeks in June, with the largest collection being 16,500 plus moths,on June 12, in the light trap at North Platte. The 1962 infestations in Nebraska could vary from the same to twice as heavy in a much more widely distributed area. Army cutworm damaged wheat in many fields in the western two-thirds of KANSAS during the spring. Cool temperatures and strong winds hindered controls. Some fields suffered severe damage by the cutworms moving and feeding in the typical "army" manner. Most fields were not so severely attacked as a result of favorable weather, plants recovered and produced the fifth largest wheat crop on record for the State. Trace numbers were present in COLORADO wheat. Larvae of an ARCTIID. damaged winter wheat in Rosebud County, MONTANA, during April; and SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was a problem on small grains in some areas of ARIZONA. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) was reported causing light damage to scattered wheat fields in Sheridan County, MONTANA. Also in Montana, a CHINCH BUG (Blissus occiduus) invaded wheat fields in Roosevelt County and was found in heavy concen- trations in grasses in scattered areas across the northern tier of counties. A LEAFHOPPER (Draeculacephala portola) ranged from 6 to 10 per 10 sweeps on early rice and 20 to 40 per 10 sweeps on late rice in TEXAS. Surveys for RICE DELPHACID (Sogota orizicola) in rice-growing areas of TEXAS, LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS, MISSIS-— SIPPI and FLORIDA were negative during 1961. RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax pugnax) populations were generally low on rice in the coastal areas of TEXAS. Rice stink bug has become important on rice during the last few years. In ARKANSAS, infestations are correlated to a large degree with the presence of native grasses. A limited acreage of rice is treated each year in Arkansas. Unspecified STINK BUGS were heavy on barley in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) populations were very light on wheat in southern NEBRASKA during April and May; counts ranged 3 to 6 per 50 sweeps. Counts of one per 10 sweeps were present in small grain fields in southern NORTH DAKOTA by June 30, but populations declined and remained low the rest of the season. Noneconomic populations were reported on small grains in SOUTH DAKOTA, Damage by HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) was evident in southwest MISSOURI from mid to late May. In the heavier infested fields in this area, 25 to 35 percent of the plants had lodged; and, in fields scattered throughout the area, 5 to 15 percent of the plants were damaged. The average percent infestation in the annual survey was up in all Missouri areas checked except one, and the State average was up from 2.7 percent in 1960 to 4.1 percent in 1961. Infes- tations of this insect in ILLINOIS were light in most areas during 1961. The principal exception was Madison County which had an average of 86 puparia per 100 tillers and an average of 38 percent of the tillers infested. State aver- ages, however, were only 9.6 puparia per 100 tillers and 4.9 percent of the tillers infested. An examination of puparia in the west-southwest district, April 25-26, showed 67 percent of the adults had emerged. Eggs were found as far north as Springfield at this time. In NEBRASKA, some lodging was found in southern area wheat in late June, with flax-seed stage present in Seward County in late June. The main adult emergence from samples collected in east and = 135 = central Nebraska occurred September 18 to 25. Damage by Hessian fly in KANSAS was low; however, a late-fall hatch poses a potential threat to wheat in the _ north central area of the State for the spring of 1962. In MONTANA, infestations were high in Teton and Pondera County wheat fields, with infestations running as high as 10 percent. This area is about 200 miles west of previous light infes- tations found in the State. Infestations of Hessian fly in NEW JERSEY were light due to parasitism, and a light infestation of wheat was observed on experimental plots at Blacksburg, VIRGINIA. WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) was present throughout MINNESOTA, but populations were very low and less than one percent of the plants were infested. WHEAT JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) was present in economic numbers in only a few fields in eastern KANSAS. WHEAT STRAW-WORM (H. grandis) caused local injury in scattered localities of U' UTAH. Trace numbers of a MUSCID FLY (Hylemya cerealis) were present in wheat in COLORADO. WIREWORMS damaged spring wheat in Missoula County, MONTANA; caused light to moderate damage to small grains in scattered sections of NORTH DAKOTA; found light in legumes and small grains in southeastern NEBRASKA during the last half of April; and, along with FALSE WIREWORMS, killed out the stand of dryfarm wheat on over 300 acres in the Promontory area of Box Elder County, UTAH. False wireworms were common and damaging in winter wheat in Glacier and Liberty Counties, MONTANA; and larvae were abundant in crested wheatgrass in the Raft River Valley area of south central IDAHO during July. In SOUTH DAKOTA, three counties reported infestations present in winter wheat during the spring. One field in Perkins County was seriously damaged and had to be reseeded., Light populations were reported in Stanley and Hyde Counties, with infestations averaging 2 larvae per foot. WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) was active in February in OREGON, damaging winter cereals in Benton County. RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) populations were slightly higher than 1960 in TEXAS, with general moderate to heavy leaf damage present. In ARKANSAS, this pest has become so common in rice that treatment by drainage became universal. Approximately 60 percent of the planting seed is now treated for control of this pest and a BEETLE (Maecolaspis sp.) in Arkansas. Medium infestations of a RICE LEAF MINER (Hydrellia griseola) developed in all rice areas of Butte County, CALIFORNIA, and locally in Glenn County, while light populations occurred in Colusa County. Populations of a BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) were higher in 1961 in MINNESOTA than in past years. Populations, although higher, produced little noticeable damage. Counts ranged from 2 to 20 per plant in the west central and northwest districts. Populations in other areas of Minnesota were very low or nonexistent. In NORTH DAKOTA, high populations of the thrips were observed in early planted barley through the eastern counties during the second week of Jume. Counts ranged from 2 to 10 adults per stem. Populations continued above normal in all but late=planted fields in North Dakota during June. Infestations of EUROPEAN WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus pygmaeus) were low in NEW JERSEY due to parasitism. Feeding activities of BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) caused severe dappling appearance in many fields of winter barley and winter wheat in southern Bonne- ville County, IDAHO, during late May and early June, with Alpine winter barley being the hardest 2B: hit. The mite was also reported as fairly general and moder= ately abundant on dryland winter wheat in the Malta area of Cassia County, Idaho, = 136 - during the same period. Brown wheat mite occurred on over approximately 200 ,000 acres of winter wheat in the north central part of MONTANA, The pest destroyed marginal strips around many wheat fields during the fall of 1960 in Cascade and Chouteau Counties. In the spring and early summer of 1961, wheat fields in these Montana counties and surrounding counties were infested from light to heavy in most areas. Infestations were present in Fergus, Judith Basin, Cascade, Chouteau, Teton, Lewis and Clark, Hill, Pondera, Liberty, Blaine, Glacier and Toole Coun- ties. Light numbers were present in NEVADA, and damage by the pest was found in Salt Lake, Box Elder, San Juan and Tooele Counties, UTAH, before the spring rains. In the latter State, economic damage generally was moderate in Juab, Box Elder, Tooele, Utah and San Juan Counties. Brown wheat mite was a problem in wheat fields in Roosevelt, Curry and Luna Counties, NEW MEXICO, during May and June; and the pest caused considerable localized damage to dryland wheat in the TEXAS Panhandle. Ne In COLORADO, some losses to wheat by this species and greenbug (Toxoptera graminum) amounted to 5-30 percent in Baca, Bent and Prowers Counties. In other counties in the southeastern area of the State, losses to wheat were 1-5 percent The brown wheat mite population in Baca County in March was 10-30 per linear foot, and there was an increase in numbers in April and May to 50-200 per linear foot. Brown wheat mite continued to cause some damage in small grain in areas of the OKLAHOMA Panhandle. Most of the damage in Oklahoma was done in early May but, by late May, populations had dropped below the economic level. Brown wheat mite caused farmers concern in southwestern KANSAS during 1961, and infestations were present on wheat in Morrill County, NEBRASKA, in early June, WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) again was present in only light numbers in KANSAS and only a very limited amount of damage by wheat streak mosaic occured in the harvested crop. In WASHINGTON, a field of winter wheat was destroyed by wheat streak mosaic in the Horse Heaven area, WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) infestations reached damaging proportions on small grains in the northern half of TEXAS during the late winter and early spring. In OKLAHOMA, light numbers (generally less, but up to 70 per linear foot) were present in the western wheat areas, By late April, only a limited number of the fields were infested. Large numbers were present in a few south- eastern KANSAS wheat fields. Range, Pasture and Lawn Insects Highlights: An ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) was reported for the first time in Texas and Nevada, and damaging populations of the mite continue to be reported in areas of California, Arizona and New Mexico. BRONZED CUTWORM caused severe damage to bluegrass pastures in northwest Missouri, and GLASSY CUTWORM and SOD WEBWORMS caused pronounced damage to grass seed fields in Union County, Oregon. Sod webworms were also very damaging in areas of Rhode Island, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana and Montana, RANGE CATERPILLAR was heavy in an area of Colfax County, New Mexico, and expected to be heavy in the same area in spring of 1962, CHINCH BUG damaged lawns in several states. A SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) was of considerable concern in Bermuda grass in areas of Georgia and Alabama. CRANE FLIES were a serious problem on range in an area of California, and HARVESTER ANTS were a problem in areas of Utah and New Mexico. 2 IC SS aE IC 2g I as a 2k ka 2 2k 2 a a 2c ic 2k = 137 - An ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) was present in damaging numbers in Bermuda grass pastures and lawns throughout the Bermuda grass-growing area of ARIZONA the entire season. It damaged Bermuda grass lawns in Las Cruces area of Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, and heavily infested and damaged Bermuda grass lawns in two areas of Clark County, NEVADA, General infestations of this eriophyid mite occurred on Bermuda grass in San Diego County, CALIFORNIA, and in spotted areas of Imperial County. Since Bermuda grass comprises a high percentage of home lawns in California, this mite is extremely important. The mite was also found in El Paso area of El Paso County, TEXAS, where it damaged Bermuda grass. Another ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes sp.) was present in low numbers in the Texas Panhandle. A. neocynodonis was reported for the first time in Texas and Nevada during 1961. Heavy infestations of FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) were present on several areas of bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) (an important browse plant on western ranges) in the area of Craters of the Moon National Monument in IDAHO during May. Also in Idaho, larvae of a PHYCITID (Eumysia idahoensis) caused considerable mortality to shadscale saltbush (Atriplex confertifolia) , particu- larly in the Raft River Valley area in south central part of the State. The pest was also generally present in large numbers throughout the salt desert shrub area in southern Idaho. A PSYCHID (Apterona crenulella) caused less than average damage to large areas of rangeland plants in Cache, Box Elder, Duchesne and Weber Counties, UTAH, From early to mid-May, high populations of BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonia) were present in bluegrass pastures in northwest MISSOURI. Counts ranged from 3 to 25 larvae per square foot and severe damage was evident in pastures throughout the area. The infestations were confined to the northwest area of Missouri and no larvae were observed feeding on any crop other than bluegrass. Large infesta- tions of ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) were found during April and May in WYOMING. However, most infestations remained on rangeland and only in a few instances did they move into crop areas. The heaviest populations were found in Washakie, Hot Springs, Big Horn, Fremont, Goshen, Campbell and Laramie Counties. In MONTANA, army cutworm was present in scattered areas over the State. Test plots of grasses in Custer County were attacked. Army cutworm also attacked lawns adjacent to rangeland in southern Washoe County, NEVADA. GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator) larvae caused pronounced damage to grass—seed fields in Union County, OREGON. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) infestations were mostly light on Coastal Bermuda grass in GEORGIA and light on pastures in TEXAS, although some isolated damage did occur on turf in the latter State. SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) were generally prevalent and destructive to turf throughout NEW JERSEY; relatively heavy in untreated lawns in areas of Washington and Kent Counties, RHODE ISLAND; numerous in many lawns during late summer in OHIO; and unusually abundant in lawns in north central INDIANA. Crambus spp. also caused pronounced damage to grass-seed fields in Union County, OREGON, and were abundant in several Merion bluegrass seed fields in Marion County of the same State. Larval counts in the latter location were 5 per 6-square-inch sod sample. An unspecified SOD WEBWORM attacked lawns in various areas east of the mountains in MONTANA. RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) denuded grassland areas near Abbott and Farley, Colfax County, NEW MEXICO. Eggs were very numerous on grass and weeds in this area when checked. Indications are that infestations will be very heavy during the spring of 1962. A CRAMBID (Chilo loftini) seriously damaged pampasgrass in nurseries and home yards in central ARIZONA; and a PYRAUSTID (Nomophila noctuella) was unusually abundant in lawns in north central INDIANA, ‘= 138 = A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) attacked lawns in southeastern TEXAS ,and light to heavy infestations were present on St. Augustine grass in GEORGIA, but not as severe as in 1960. HAIRY CHINCH BUG (B. leucopterus hirtus) was abundant and destructive to bent grass lawns during July, August and Septem- ber in NEW JERSEY. Hairy chinch bug did not appear in destructive numbers in OHIO until late in September. Fall surveys indicated that the insect is present in the area of Canton, Akron to Cleveland. An unspecified CHINCH BUG was abundant in late summer in the southwestern part of CONNECTICUT. A heavy infestation of a MIRID (Labops utahensis) was found during late July in Custer County, IDAHO, where it damaged the plantings of a wheatgrass (Agropyron inerme). Another MIRID (Irbisia sp.) damaged intermediate wheatgrass in Pondera County, MONTANA. In UTAH, MIRIDS, largely Stenotus binotatus, Leptopterna ferru- gatus and Thyrillus pacificus, damaged grasses and small grains spottedly in scattered, local areas, Adults of the LEAFHOPPERS (Endria inimica and Graminella nigrifrons) became very heavy on timothy grass in the Kingston area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in late June. MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) nymphs numbered 500 to 15,000 (average 750) per 100 sweeps in grass in the western district of ILLINOIS from May 8 to 11. Populations were rather high in most areas of the State. A SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) was serious and in outbreak proportions on several Coastal Bermuda grass pastures in central and southern parts of ALABAMA, where it completely destroyed the plants. This was the first report of trouble by this pest in Alabama. Infestations of P. bicincta on Bermuda grass in GEORGIA were light, with some local heavy populations present. Infestations of the spittlebug on lawn grasses were light to heavy in the latter State and, in gen- eral, reports of the pest were more numerous than in recent years. RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) damaged a great number of Bermuda grass lawns in Las Cruces, Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, An APHID (Microsiphum oregon= ensis) was present as a medium to heavy infestation on bud sage (Artemisia spinescens) in Elko County, NEVADA, in May and June. GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) larvae were occasional pests in lawns in some VIRGINIA localities. NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) larvae caused heavy injury to several lawns in central Prince Georges County, MARYLAND, in September and October. Adults were extremely abundant about lights in the Prince Georges County area of Maryland during the first two weeks of July. Larvae of northern masked chafer also caused considerable damage to turf in the Akron- Canton—Massillon area of OHIO. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) populations were abundant and grubs damaged commercial and lawn turf in NEW JERSEY. Larvae were also occasional pests of lawns in some localities of VIRGINIA. A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga anxia) caused considerable damage to wet meadows in the northern sandhills area of NEBRASKA during July, August and September. A CERAMBYCID (Derobrachus brevicollis) was found on Bahia grass in Dougherty County, GEORGIA. It was first found on Bahia grass in Georgia in Seminole County in 1959. A CHRYSOMELID (Monoxia elegans) almost completely defoliated fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) in several areas of Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, during August, WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) severely inhibited seed production in some strains of arctic bluegrass in the Matanuska Station plots in ALASKA. This is the first indication that the pest may be a limiting factor in the eventual establishment of turf seed on a commercial scale in Alaska. In IDAHO, wheat stem maggot was reported during June as infesting crested wheatgrass plantings in the Bonners Ferry area. CRANE FLIES (Tipula simplex and Tipula spp.) developed into serious range prob- lems in Sonoma, Marin and Mendocino Counties, CALIFORNIA, early in 1961. = 139 - WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) caused its usual extensive damage in UTAH by keeping thousands of acres of range and forage crop lands bare. P. occidentalis comanche and P. maricopa barnesi were troublesome in the Washington-St. George area of southwestern Utah. In NEW MEXICO, western harves- ter ant became active in rangeland areas in Santa Fe, San Miguel, Colfax and Harding Counties during the first two weeks of May. This ant is also a serious problem in rangeland areas in Lincoln and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. THRIPS (Chirothrips falsus and C. mexicanus) caused damage to Bermuda grass in some areas of ARIZONA, but were generally of only minor importance, CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) caused damage to many lawns in WYOMING, and BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) populations developed to medium proportions on wheat grasses in the Herlong-Johnstonville areas of Lassen County, CALIFORNIA. Flax and Safflower Insects SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was first reported in MINNESOTA, on April 28, in a light trap collection at St. Paul and collected on bluegrass in Lyon County. Overwintering eggs began hatching during the week of May 22-26, Aster yellows was not a serious problem on flax in 1961. In NORTH DAKOTA, the first adults of the season were collected May 13 in the southeast counties. The survey indicated the season's initial migration was about one week earlier than usual. Counts were also higher, one adult per 10 sweeps, than recorded for a similar period in 1960. Infestation levels continued above 1960 counts through May and June across the southern half of the State, but were less numerous in northern areas. By June 30, counts averaged one adult per 10 sweeps in flax and legume fields through the southern sections. A population decline was noted following this peak, and remained at low levels the remainder of the season, Six-spotted leafhopper populations were noneconomic to light on aifalfa and flax in the eastern portions of SOUTH DAKOTA during May and June, and contin- ued so during the rest of the summer. BLACK FIELD CRICKETS were severe in sections of eastern and central NORTH DAKOTA and damaged flax; some swathed grain. Reports of twine cutting on hay bales were common. Some boll clipping was reported in west central and northwestern MINNE- SOTA, where populations were again heavy. Infestations of CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) on flax in south central TEXAS required chemical controls in many instances. On safflower,in CALIFORNIA, unspecified APHIDS required control in Tehama County, and BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) populations were heavy in the Chico area of Butte County. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were generally light on this crop. Alfalfa, Clover and Vetch Insects Highlights: PEA APHID was once again important as a pest of alfalfa in many areas of the country, although damaging infestations were not observed during 1961 in all of the reporting states. Spri_. and late summer and fall buildups were reported from several states, but this was not a general pattern. The infestation in northeastern Nebraska during May was said to be the heaviest ever witnessed by the entomologists in that State. Chemical controls were used in many instances, although parasites, predators and disease were effec- tive in reducing populations in many states. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID generally did not appear to be as damaging as in previous years; however, some local outbreaks did occur, The aphid apparently overwintered this past winter in - 140 - Oregon and Nebraska, but did not in Washington. Several PLANT BUGS were of impor- tance on clovers and alfalfa in 1961 and required controls in many instances. POTATO LEAFHOPPER was abundant in areas of Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, where it caused yellowing of alfalfa. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG was the most serious insect pest on alfalfa and red clover in Indiana and high populations were recorded in areas of several Eastern States. Increased populations were noted in northern Idaho. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER caused severe girdling damage to alfalfa in Arizona. ALFALFA WEEVIL was abundant in alfalfa in a number of states, both in the East and the West. Untreated alfalfa was severely damaged in a number of instances. The pest was recorded in 13 Ohio counties and occurred in all but 7 northwestern Pennsylvania counties at the end of the year. All counties where alfalfa is grown in Georgia are now considered infested. Some spread was also recorded in Montana. The weevil was considered, once again, to be the most damaging crop pest in Wyoming. Damage by CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL, LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL, A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) , CLOVER SEED WEEVIL, CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO, SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL and VETCH BRUCHID was also reported in several states during 1961. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR was not damaging generally, but some heavy infestations of alfalfa did occur in spotted areas of the country, particu- larly in the Northwest. GREEN CLOVERWORM was damaging only in a few areas. VARIEGATED CUTWORM was in outbreak proportions in Oklahoma for the first time since 1957. Considerable damage to alfalfa occurred in the central part of the State in May. Damage was also reported in southeast Missouri during the same period. ARMY CUTWORM damaged alfalfa in several Western States. MITES were reported damaging to alfalfa in Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, California and Arizona. DR RCAC HE OE RC A CIC a 2 2s 2 2k 2 2s ic ie 2g 2s 2s 2c ic PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was present in very large numbers in alfalfa during September in the Sun River Irrigation Project area of MONTANA. Populations in IDAHO remained relatively low throughout the State until early May, when numbers began to build up on alfalfa in the west central area, and continued abundant in Many areas of northern Idaho on alfalfa from that date through mid-June. Popula- tions in general were far below those encountered during the previous few years. Pea aphid populations in OREGON built up in alfalfa in the Merrill-Malin area of Klamath County in late March and were reduced by unfavorable weather during May. In Jackson County, counts of over 100 per 10 sweeps were not uncommon by May 18. In the Willamette Valley of Oregon, large numbers were present on trefoil,alfalfa and peas during May. These infestations continued into June, when high temper- atures caused an adverse effect on pea aphid populations. By June 27, counts in Polk County averaged less than 2 per sweep. In late June and in July, serious infestations occurred in the Ontario area of Malheur County, with controls neces- sary. Late season counts were reduced throughout Oregon. Pea aphid was not as severe as in past years in CALIFORNIA. Light populations developed in February in alfalfa in the Arlington area and it became heavy in November in Riverside County. Heavy, local populations occurred in the Irvine area of Orange County, and medium populations were noted in the North Desert area of San Bernardino County. The pest was light on vetch and alfalfa in Butte County, medium in the Gustine area of Merced County and in the Woodland area of Yolo County, and local, heavy populations occurred in the Borrego Valley of San Diego County. The pest was medium generally in Siskiyou County and trace populations were present in the west side of Fresno County, California. Pea aphid populations in NEVADA were generally below economic levels except in areas of Clark and Washoe Counties, where severe plant damage to alfalfa occurred in April. Populations approached economic levels in the central counties in June and controls were required in Humboldt County alfalfa seed fields in July and August. Infestations of pea aphid in UTAH substantially lowered forage alfalfa hay and seed production in a number of areas. Many outbreaks developed in the spring and early summer and some damage occurred in the fall. Populations in WYOMING were heavy on alfalfa throughout most of the State. The heaviest = 141 - infestations occurred during the middle of June, just before the first cutting. After the first cutting in Wyoming, populations did not build up again until the latter part of August. The second buildup did not reach the high populations of the first. In COLORADO, some losses of alfalfa occurred because of this aphid. The populations in April were at levels of 2-100 per 100 sweeps and the number gradually increased to 200-50,000 per 100 sweeps in early July. Predators, parasites, controls and weather conditions reduced the populations in Colorado during August and September. Young stands of alfalfa were killed in several areas of NEW MEXICO during the early summer. Populations of pea aphid remained high in alfalfa through April in Roosevelt, Chaves, Eddy, Dona Ana and Sierra Counties and in Virden Valley, Hidalgo County, and Hondo Valley, Lincoln County. Light pea aphid infestations were present in alfalfa statewide in ARIZONA in late January and had increased to heavy by March 1. Infestations continued heavy until about May 10, when a rapid decline occurred, The buildup was several days earlier, and the decline a few days later, than in 1960 in Arizona. Pea aphid occurred on legumes over most of TEXAS during 1961. In OKLAHOMA, the pest was common in most alfalfa fields of the State in January. Populations remained light until a gradual buildup occurred during February and early March. Moderate to heavy (up to several thousand) infestations on alfalfa and vetch were present from mid-March through late May, with a few damaging infestations persisting to early June. Noneconomic to light infestations were noted through— out the remainder of the year. Spring populations in some Oklahoma areas were heavier than in 1960. Pea aphid did not appear in damaging numbers in KANSAS. An extremely severe infestation occurred on alfalfa in the northeast area of NEBRASKA during May. Cool temperatures retarded plant growth, aided the popula- tion buildup and kept predator activity down. Approximately one-quarter of the first cutting was lost due to this insect. However, most stands maintained and continued plant growth. Some new seedling stands were killed. This was the heaviest infestation ever witnessed by entomologists in Nebraska. Populations of pea aphid were decreased by natural enemies in June and remained low the rest of the season. Elsewhere in Nebraska, populations were higher than in 1960, but caused no economic loss to crops. In the northeast area of the State during May, alfalfa plants and the ground were nearly covered by these insects. Elsewhere, populations ranged from 25 to 500 per sweep on legumes. In SOUTH DAKOTA, pea aphid was found in high numbers in the southeastern portion of the State on alfalfa during the third week of May. Counts of 600 per sweep were recorded in some alfalfa fields. Considerable damage was done to the forage crop, especially to seedling plantings. Populations remained high in the southeast, east central and southwest areas until the first week in June, when a reduction was noted. By mid-June, pea aphid populations were down to noneconomic numbers in South Dakota. They remained low for the rest of the summer, The northern portions of the State were not seriously affected by this pest in 1961. Pea aphid populations in MISSOURI were high in vetch in the southeast area from early to mid-April, 50 to 300 per sweep. Some damage was observed in the heavily infested fields and a few fields received insecticide applications. From mid-April to early May, populations of pea aphid increased in clover and alfalfa in both the southwest and southeast areas until counts ranged from 30 to 500 per sweep. During mid-May, the populations declined and remained low throughout Missouri for the rest of the season. Infestations of pea aphid were very common, as usual, on alfalfa in ARKANSAS during the spring, with some stunting of plants occurring; however, little acreage was treated. Pea aphid populations on alfalfa in MINNESOTA were extremely heavy in mid-May. Normally, the pest does not build up this early. Although high populations were present in May, little damage was evident. Fungus diseases were prevalent on alfalfa at this time and quite damaging, especially in the southwestern district. The disease damage was confused by many as pea aphid injury and some fields were treated with an insecticide. Predators of pea aphid did not multiply fast enough during the cool weather in May and June to reduce or hold populations in check. - 142 - In mid-June, predators and a fungus disease increased and pea aphid populations began to decrease. Although the aphid was not important on alfalfa the remainder of the season in Minnesota, populations did stay at a relatively high level. The aphid was relatively abundant throughout most of the season in WISCONSIN on forages, Counts during the first week of June averaged 300 per sweep in south-— western counties, but dropped off some afterward until the last week of July, when they began to build up slowly again. However, they never reached their previous peak. Pea aphid was very abundant and did much damage to clover fields in the northern one-half of ILLINOIS. Some fields had both yield and quality of hay cut by as much as 50 percent. Damage was evident on small clover in the western district by May 10, at which time populations in this district varied from 6 to 480 (average 121) per sweep. Populations of pea aphid in late May and early June ran as high as 1,000 or more per sweep in the northern part of the State. Rain, parasites, predators, disease and chemical treatments practically eliminated the aphid population by June 20. However, they were building up again in north- ern Illinois by August 15. In late August, up to 300 per sweep were found in some clover fields in the northern area, Approximately 81,740 acres were treated to control pea aphid in Illinois in 1961. Damage in INDIANA was noted as far north as Tippecanoe County, and populations were damaging to alfalfa in OHIO in a few localized areas of the west central section. Pea aphid was very abundant on alfalfa early in the season in PENNSYLVANIA, but faded out quite rapidly. The first specimen was reported May 4 in NEW YORK; a more or less normal date, It was very abundant in the spring in that State, with a high count of about 5,800 per 100 sweeps being recorded the first week of Jume. Populations were low in the summer and quite high in late summer, with a count of about 1,290 per 100 sweeps in late August. Populations of pea aphid were exceptionally low in VERMONT throughout the season and unusually low in RHODE ISLAND, until a moder- ate buildup occurred after mid-July. Likewise, in NEW JERSEY. populations were generally lower than normal, but a late buildup did occur in the central and northern areas of the State. In MARYLAND, pea aphid populations on first-growth alfalfa were considerably below those of 1960, ranging from light to moderate in most sections; however, several fields on the Eastern Shore were heavily infested. Pea aphid was present on alfalfa throughout DELAWARE by late March and early April. Where no controls were applied in that State, moderately heavy injury occurred during May, especially in Kent and Sussex Counties. Counts ranged 400-6,000 per 100 sweeps at this time. Populations continued to fluctuate in Delaware for the remainder of the season, with a general statewide increase occurring in mid-September, In VIRGINIA, pea aphid was prevalent during the spring and summer, causing damage infrequently to alfalfa. In most instances, their numbers were: drastically reduced by diseases and predation. The spring buildup of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) in ARIZONA was very light in all areas except Graham and Greenlee Counties. In those two counties, infestations became heavy in early March and remained heavy in some fields throughout March and the first week of April. This was earlier than normal for the spring infestation in this area. The summer buildup occurred in July, as usual, but was light and of a short duration in all areas of Arizona, Infestations were low statewide by August 1. Fall infestations began to build up in late September, but did not become heavy until. about mid-October, when there was a sharp increase in some central and southwestern Arizona areas. Infestations were still heavy in a few fields, but were declin- ing generally by November 1. Populations in NEVADA were generally low, except in Clark and southern Nye Counties in April, July and August, where severe infestations were present in some fields. Populations of spotted alfalfa aphid in CALIFORNIA varied considerably over the State from February to November, Biological agents, including a fungus, did a good job of controlling infesta- tions most of the year, Some treatment was necessary to reduce populations in some areas of California, however. Resistance to insecticides has become evi- dent in the Antelope Valley of Los Angeles County. Seasonal patterns from previous years varied considerably. - 143 - Spotted alfalfa aphid apparently overwintered successfully in Umatilla County, OREGON, as rare specimens could be found during most winter months. However, populations did not reach economic numbers in Oregon except near Umapine, Umatilla County, in late August. On June 18, wingless specimens were collected in Jackson County alfalfa and populations built up rapidly. Formation of honey- dew in quantity was reported and controls were undertaken to save hay crops. Populations continued high through the last cutting period. In the Ontario growing area of Malheur County, aphids were dispersed from the State line to Huntington, Baker County, and Harper, Malheur County. Populations were sub- economic. In WASHINGTON, spotted alfalfa aphid failed to overwinter from the previous season. It was found near the Oregon state line in Walla Walla County in late August, when it became abundant then disappeared. Normal, scattered numbers were found in Asotin, Benton, Franklin and Walla Walla Counties in October, Spotted alfalfa aphid was found in most alfalfa-seed fields sampled in Canyon County, IDAHO, during early August, with populations consisting of 95 percent winged forms and 5 percent wingless forms. By mid to late August, all life stages could be found in sampled fields, with populations frequently running up to 40 aphids per sweep. By late August, populations were abundant and general in all fields checked as far east as Elmore County, Idaho. During -September, populations continued to increase in the State and caused consider= able damage throughout the southwestern area, particularly to newly seeded alfalfa. Spotted alfalfa aphid infestations in NEW MEXICO were much lighter in alfalfa than they have been since this pest first became a problem in the State. Occa- sional moderate to heavy infestations caused some damage, but only a limited amount of alfalfa was treated. Infestations in TEXAS were generally light on alfalfa. Spotted alfalfa aphid caused the least damage to alfalfa crops that has occurred since southern UTAH became infested in 1954, Damage in 1961 in Utah was estimated at $60,000, as compared with $780,000 loss during 1955, $500,000 in 1956, $165,000 in 1957, $178,000 in 1958, $136,600 in 1959 and $75,000 in 1960. Spotted alfalfa aphid caused some losses to alfalfa in COLORADO, The aphid was found in Baca County on April 14, when population levels were 8 per 100 sweeps. The population slowly increased to a high of 400-5,000 per 100 sweeps in August and September. New seedlings of alfalfa were damaged in the Arkansas River Valley during August and September. The heavy, winter-early spring buildup of spotted alfalfa aphid was not as evident in OKLAHOMA as it was in 1960. Populations were generally less than 10 per Square foot until late March, when an increase began. Populations increased in the southwest, south central and central areas of Oklahoma, where they were moderate to heavy, and in the southeast. Infestations remained heavy in some fields in the eastern third of the State, but declined elsewhere by late April. June surveys showed light (0-7 per sweep) populations of the aphid in the southwest, southeast and east central sections. Populations increased again in early July to heavy (50 per sweep) in localized areas. By late August, the pest had again declined and remained low throughout the late summer and early fall. Spotted alfalfa aphid did not reach economic levels in ARKANSAS and did not appear in damaging numbers in KANSAS. In NEBRASKA, nymphal stages were readily found during mid=—April in the area where sexual form populations existed in the fall of 1960, which indicated overwintering in the State. A gradual buildup occurred during May. Populations occurred in southern areas during mid-July and remained low until late October, with minor damage being reported. During late October and early November, counts of approximately 4,000 per sweep were recorded in the southwestern area. Oviparous forms were found in 17 counties in the fall of 1961 compared with 2 counties in the fall of 1960. The egg=laying form of spotted alfalfa aphid was found in SOUTH DAKOTA for the first time on November 20, 1961, in alfalfa fields near the Missouri River in Charles Mix and Gregory Counties. - 144 - Spotted alfalfa aphid was first found this past season in MISSOURI in the extreme southwest corner of the State on June 10. It was not found in the southeast area until the first week of August. By August 25, it had spread northward and could be found in many of the counties south of the Missouri River. The aphid was not found farther north in Missouri than the most southern counties in the west central district. The weather during the entire summer was very unfavorable for the spotted alfalfa aphid. This no doubt limited the spread of the aphid in the State and kept populations below economic levels. Spotted alfalfa aphid was taken July 24 in Harrison County, INDIANA, south of Mauckport on the Ohio River. Ten days later (August 3), it was found in Posey, Vanderburgh and Perry Counties, Indiana. These are the earliest dates that the pest has been collected in the State. Data on the development of this aphid the past few years suggest that initial infestations are coming into the State directly from the south rather than up the river valleys from the southwest. Consideration is being given to the possibility that more hardy, disjunct population is developing in the states directly to the south, which may eventually select a strain adapted to winter survival in the southern part of Indiana. Spotted alfalfa aphid infestations in GEORGIA were light and caused little trouble, except on fall-seeded alfalfa, where the pest was a problem to some growers. YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) was first observed in 1961 in ILLINOIS the week of April 17-21, at which time it was present over a wide area of the State. By July 20, the populations of this aphid in clover fields in the southern part of Illinois varied from 720 to 8,000 per 100 sweeps. A few fields were very sticky with honeydew,and plants were definitely stunted. In NEBRASKA, yellow clover aphid populations averaged 15 per sweep on red clover in eastern and southeastern areas from April through July. SWEETCLOVER APHID Ge riehmi) was general in UTAH, but not numerous, and counts of the aphid in NEBRASKA ranged from 4 to 6 per sweep in the southeastern area from late April to early June. CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) was common and frequently abundant in many clover fields throughout the northern part of IDAHO during late June and July. Unspecified APHIDS in general occurred on many forage crops in CALIFORNIA. Light populations persisted for a much longer time than normal. Medium to heavy aphid populations developed on alfalfa plantings a good share of the year in Imperial County. Spotted, heavy populations were present on seed alfalfa in Lassen County and aphids were heavy on black-eyed peas in Riverside County. PLANT BUGS, including RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus)and TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) , were abundant on red clover and alfalfa near maturity in all sections of MARYLAND in 1961. In ILLINOIS, tarnished plant bug, rapid plant bug and ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) were more abundant than in 1960. Nymphs were abundant throughout the State in clover and alfalfa in early June, when as many as 1,900 per 100 sweeps were observed. Populations of all three species varied from 0-790 (averaged 149) adults, and 0-660 (averaged 168) nymphs per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in the west and west-southwest dis- tricts of Illinois about June 15. Approximately 85 percent of the population in the State was tarnished plant bug. By the middle of August, they varied from 200 to 1,000 adults per 100 sweeps in northern portion of Illinois. They undoubtedly caused much damage to clover seed fields. Tarnished plant bug, rapid plant bug and alfalfa plant bug were very common in alfalfa in WISCONSIN. Adults of these three species reached a combined total of 30 per sweep during mid-June, In MINNESOTA, Adelphocoris spp. and Lygus spp. populations were higher in alfalfa and red clover than for the last few years. Tarnished plant bug populations were high on legumes in VERMONT, but populations did not appear to be as high as in previous years in NEW YORK. The pest was abundant in PENNSYLVANIA and evidence of its feeding was noticeable. Good growing conditions in the State reduced the damage to forage, however. The usual numbers of tarnished plant bug were observed on alfalfa and clover in VIRGINIA, but the damage was believed to be small. Populations were low on legumes in MISSOURI. Tarnished plant bug was present in limited numbers in the - 145 - western two-thirds of OKLAHOMA by early March on alfalfa. Counts ranged from 1.2 to 15 per sweep in the southern part of the State by mid-May. The highest infestations (20-25 per sweep) of the year occurred in Choctaw County in late May on alfalfa and vetch. Light to medium infestations remained common in Oklahoma throughout June, with lighter populations in July and August. Heavier counts were again present (3-10 per sweep) in Choctaw County on alfalfa in late October and early November. The southeastern area of Oklahoma continues to be the predominant area of tarnished plant bug on alfalfa and vetch. In NEBRASKA, tarnished plant bug was light to moderate in all areas of the State, with the highest counts being 20 per sweep on red clover in the southeastern area, Alfalfa plant bug is generally found in the northern two tiers of counties in WYOMING. However, a southern movement to the central counties was noted in 1961. Populations were very high in Sheridan and Johnson Counties. Surveys for alfalfa plant bug throughout NEBRASKA showed counts to range from 6 to 8 per 10 sweeps. The highest count was 12 per sweep on alfalfa in Lancaster County in early June. Alfalfa plant bug was found in all areas of SOUTH DAKOTA, but populations remained low throughout the summer. Little damage to alfalfa was attributed to the insect. Light populations remained active until the first heavy frost. In VERMONT, popu- lations of this plant bug were high on legumes. Rapid plant bug was low on legumes in MISSOURI, and very light, spotted popula- tions occurred on legumes in NEBRASKA, with counts in the latter State averaging 6 to 8 per 10 sweeps. In VIRGINIA, the usual numbers of rapid plant bug were observed on alfalfa and clover, but the damage was believed to have been small. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were generally light on legumes over CALIFORNIA, but a few local medium to heavy infestations did develop. Most infestations were held in check by chemical treatments, however. lLygus spp. were plentiful in eastern OREGON alfalfa from early spring until October. Controls were necessary in Jackson County, with a decrease in populations noted in late August. In WASHING- TON, L. elisus and L. hesperus adults built up rapidly on seed alfalfa in the Yakima Maree by late May. Control programs were generally satisfactory. The first adult Lygus spp. activity of the year in IDAHO was noted in the Caldwell area of Canyon County in early March. During late March and early April, adults of these pests were found in greater than normal numbers throughout many areas of south central and southwestern Idaho. Populations during the summer remained about seasonally normal, but by mid-August, adult populations were running 20 to 40 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in Canyon County, and during the early fall often averaged 10 per sweep in many alfalfa fields throughout the southwestern area, In NEVADA, Lygus spp. began increasing in April in the southern counties and in May in the northern areas. Heavy populations of 30-45 plus, per sweep, were encountered from late May throughout the growing season in Nevada, with periodic treatments required in alfalfa-seed fields. lL. elisus, L. hesperus, L. desertus and Lygus spp. were again abundant on seed alfalfa in UTAH, resulting in reduced seed yields. Lygus spp. caused some losses to alfalfa in in COLORADO; populations were at levels of 300-500 per 100 sweeps in July and losses have been estimated at 2-4 percent in seed-producing fields in the western area. lLygus spp. infestations in ARIZONA were present in alfalfa throughout the year. The heavi- est infestations occurred between June and October, when counts of 500-600 per 100 sweeps were common. In SOUTH DAKOTA, populations of Lygus spp. were light on alfalfa through the months of June and July, but no significant damage was reported. Lygus spp. were not of economic importance in KANSAS and they caused only light damage to alfalfa in TEXAS. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) adults appeared in NORTH DAKOTA on June 16 at Fargo, Cass County. The appearance was about one week later than recorded in 1960. Counts indicated a rather moderate initial migration into the eastern part of the State. Populations did not appear to increase substantially the remainder of the season. Specimens were first collected this season during the third week of June in east central SOUTH DAKOTA. Toward the end of June, - 146 - they averaged 2.5 per sweep in alfalfa in the Brookings area. Populations did not become seriously high during 1961 in South Dakota. Infestations of potato leafhopper in NEBRASKA, during August, in the central, south and southwestern areas averaged 6 to 18 per sweep and caused "yellows" to alfalfa. The leaf— hopper was found in MINNESOTA at St. Paul on May 22. Light to moderate popula- tions were present during the growing season. The first definite increase on alfalfa in WISCONSIN was noted the last week of June, when they averaged one per 2 sweeps in most regrowth alfalfa. The first specimen was caught in a blacklight trap at Madison on May 13. Counts continued to increase and aver- aged 20 nymphs and 4 adults per sweep in Sauk and Dane County alfalfa by August 4. Populations of potato leafhopper were more abundant during the past season in Wisconsin than they have been for several years, and yellowing of alfalfa was noticeable in many sections of the State. The first potato leafhopper of the season in ILLINOIS was collected near Hamilton, Hancock County, western area, on May ll. By May 25, populations of 0-60 (average 11) per 100 sweeps were found throughout the State. The main migration into the State occurred June 2-4. A survey during June 5-8 showed populations of adults to be 60-200 per 100 sweeps south of a line from Quincy to Lawrenceville, and 4-250 north of a line from Rock Island to Danville. Between these two lines, the population was 60-1,400 adults per 100 sweeps. Nymphs were emerging throughout Illinois by June 23 and, by July 14, adults ranged from 50 to 1,100 per 100 sweeps and nymphs from 10-31,700 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in the west, west-southwest and central districts. At this time, 40-50 percent of the alfalfa in these 3 districts showed some degree of yellowing, with 20 percent of the fields severely yellowed. An estimated 15,473 acres of alfalfa were treated, mainly in the northeast, north- west and central districts. Many more acres could have been profitably treated. In MISSOURI, potato leafhopper counts in the southwest, central and east central areas ranged from 3 to 35 per sweep in alfalfa during early to mid-July. After the alfalfa was cut, the populations declined and remained low for the rest of the season. Potato leafhopper was generally abundant in INDIANA, causing serious damage to alfalfa but, on other crops, infestations were generally low and few complaints were received, The pest caused severe damage to second and third cutting alfalfa in north central OHIO, but only moderate damage occurred in southern portions of the State. Potato leafhopper was more than usually injur- ious to alfalfa in MARYLAND, and populations of from 20 to 100 per sweep were common in the central and eastern counties during August. Populations in NEW JERSEY were lower than normal, but several reports of injury to alfalfa in the central area of the State were received during late August at the time pota-— toes were harvested. The first specimen of the year in NEW YORK was recorded on June 21; a more or less normal date. Populations of potato leafhopper did not appear to be as high as in previous years in New York. CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) populations remained light to moderate on alfalfa throughout the summer in SOUTH DAKOTA, except in a small area of northwestern McPherson County. There, populations of up to 30 per sweep were observed in early August. No other reports of serious outbreaks were obtained in the State. Infestations of SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) were generally light on legumes in NORTH and SOUTH DAKOTA, Popula- tions in MICHIGAN were erratically distributed, A heavy population was surveyed at Stockbridge, Jume 1-3, and lesser numbers at Easton Rapids and Bay City before June 15. However, after this flurry, populations subsided. Average numbers of a LEAFHOPPER (Colladonus geminatus) were present on alfalfa in UTAH. Medium populations of a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca sp.) occurred on alfalfa in November in Monterey County, CALIFORNIA. LEAFHOPPERS, primarily Empoasca sp., caused some damage to alfalfa in ARIZONA, but were generally of only minor importance. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) became unusually abundant on alfalfa in southern RHODE ISLAND; nymphs were evident as late as the end of June. Nymphal populations were as high as 0.9 per stem on birdsfoot trefoil in VERMONT. The first nymph of the season in NEW YORK was recorded on May 13; a more or less - 147 - normal date. Adults and nymphs were high during the year, especially in first-hay crop fields that were cut in late June or early July. Populations in PENNSYLVANIA were not in damaging numbers in areas treated in past years, but in some other areas, where alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) treatments were not used, populations of meadow spittlebug were large enough to be of some consequence. Meadow spittle- bug numbers were normal in NEW JERSEY, but several reports of injury to alfalfa in late August were received. In MARYLAND, moderate to heavy populations were noted on first-growth red clover in Cecil, Queen Annes and Washington Counties. Meadow spittlebug populations in OHIO were at the lowest level in recent years. Although there were damaging populations in the east central area, populations over much of the State were subeconomic. Fall surveys in Ohio indicate higher populations will develop in the spring of 1962, especially in the central and eastern counties. The spittlebug was again the most serious insect pest of alfalfa and red clover in INDIANA. In addition to the expected heavy infesta- tions in the eastern area, the buildup in the central part of the State was greater than anticipated. In ILLINOIS, the first nymphs of the season were observed in Warren County on April 19. By May 15, the population in the northwest district varied from zero to 220 and averaged 65 nymphs per 100 stems. Adults were beginning to emerge the week of June 2-9, Approximately 24,000 acres were treated for control of meadow spittlebug nymphs in 1961. The fall adult survey showed the population in the State is still declining as it has been for the past few years. Only low numbers were found in MINNESOTA in 1961, those being in the southeast. Meadow spittlebug continued to increase in abundance in clovers, alfalfa and on various native vegetation throughout many areas of northern IDAHO, The first-generation cycle was virtually complete in that State by the end of June. GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) adults were common in alfalfa and clover in most sections of MARYLAND during August and, in one large field of alfalfa in Frederick County, were responsible for considerable injury. An unusual infestation, with populations as high as 36 per sweep, was found on alfalfa in Harrison County, INDIANA, near Mauckport. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) infestations were light in ARIZONA alfalfa during April and May and began to increase in June. Heavy infestations occurred from July through October. Counts of 1,000 adults per 100 sweeps were common during this period and severe girdling damage was evi- dent in many cases. Populations in NEVADA were heavy on alfalfa in Clark County. Light to moderate populations occurred over TEXAS and the pest was present on alfalfa throughout the year in OKLAHOMA. Activity was first reported in Oklahoma on alfalfa in the southwest in late May. The highest infestations were noted in the southwest (up to 15 per sweep) in September. Light populations were noted as late as mid-November in alfalfa in the south central area, The September populations in Oklahoma were considerably higher than those of 1960 in the southwest. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) damaged very little alfalfa seed in UTAH; populations were well below normal on alfalfa. Say stink bug and Euschistus impictiventris were only minor pests generally, but they did cause damage to alfalfa in some ARIZONA areas. In CALIFORNIA, unspecified STINK BUGS were medium in alfalfa in Imperial County. CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) numbers were heavy in alfalfa in the Borrego Valley area of San Diego County and Euschistus conspersus developed to medium infestations in several instances on seed alfalfa in Fresno and Butte Counties, California. A GROUND MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus kondonis) was present in medium numbers in alfalfa fields in Clarksburg, Yolo County, CALIFORNIA. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) abundance is increasing in general in CONNECTICUT. Very light infestations of early stage larvae were first observed in RHODE ISLAND during May in South Kingstown, Washington County. No severe populations developed - 148 - except by late June populations existed that could produce economic numbers during 1962. Populations in NEW YORK were average in abundance, but the buildup was later in 1961 than in other years. Alfalfa weevil was found in 8 new PENNSYLVANIA counties in 1961. Only 7 counties in the northwestern area have not been reported as infested. Activity of the weevil was varied throughout the State and,in fields where no fall controls were applied,spring infestations in most instances were very heavy and considerable loss resulted. The develop- ment of the larvae was late, so that at the time of the first cutting a majority of the larvae were still in early stages and, as a result, the second cuttings of alfalfa were delayed by the feeding of the pest on the new growth. Infesta- tions were general throughout NEW JERSEY and required insecticidal treatments to protect the first cutting of alfalfa. Statewide survey shows that parasite con= trol is less than one percent. In DELAWARE, statewide hatching of overwintering alfalfa weevil eggs commenced by the first week in March and first and second instars were noted feeding in all areas by the second week in March. Marked increase in larvae occurred in Sussex County about mid=—April, followed by an increase in adult activity during late April. Feeding injury to first-growth alfalfa increased rapidly in Delaware and, by mid-May, injury was moderate to heavy in most areas, but not as severe as in 1960. However, some additional losses did occur this past season in fields that had control applications where, in previous years, these same fields, using different insecticides, control was excellent with little injury. Injury to subsequent growth of alfalfa was negli- gible for the remainder of 1961 in Delaware. The first alfalfa weevil adults and eggs observed on MARYLAND alfalfa were in Queen Annes County on March 22, Larval damage to first-growth alfalfa ranged from light to moderate and, as usual, untreated fields in all sections of the State were severely injured, with the heaviest losses occurring in the central and western sections. Heavy, statewide infestations of larvae were observed on untreated alfalfa in VIRGINIA. Larvae heavily infested Ladino clover at one locality in King and Queen County. Adults failed to migrate from alfalfa fields in many Virginia localities and inflicted heavy damage in late June and early July. This was an unusual occurrence and its causes are being investigated. Adults were observed migrating to alfalfa in September and later, and the peak of egg laying occurred in early December, Alfalfa weevil was found in an addi- tional 12 OHIO counties during 1961, making a total of 13 with known infesta- tions. Severe damage was observed in very few fields. In several counties, every field entered was observed to be infested. No control was attempted. Alfalfa weevil infestations in GEORGIA were more severe than in previous years. All counties where alfalfa is grown are now infested. Fields treated in the fall of 1960, with a certain chlorinated hydrocarbon, had excellent control; fields not treated in the fall had all terminals infested on March 11. Growers using a specific phosphate insecticide in the spring had poor to good control. In late February, adults, larvae and eggs were present in alfalfa in the central area, One to two larvae were present in every terminal on March 11 in Oconee County when the alfalfa plants were 3 inches tall. larvae were infesting alfalfa at 55 per sweep on April 15 in the Oconee County area. Fields treated with a specific hydrocarbon in the fall of 1960 had one larva per 10 sweeps on this same date. larvae were collected on alfalfa in Paulding County the week of July 4, Alfalfa weevil larvae were common in alfalfa previously recorded as infested near Clarkston, WASHINGTON. Adults were collected for the first time (in white clover seed fields) 12 miles southeast of Anatone, Asotin County. In OREGON, adults averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in Malheur County on April 26, Small numbers of larvae began appearing in mid-May and, by June 7, up to 150 larvae per 10 sweeps were counted, Considerable damage occurred in fields not cut early. Larvae were abundant, up to 57 per sweep, in Wallowa County on July 1, with an estimated 35 percent damage to the first cutting. In alfalfa previously found infested in Union and Baker Counties, infestations appeared reduced. = 149° - Newly emerged adults were observed in Baker County on June 2. An ichneumonid (Bathyplectes curculionis) was common in some Oregon fields. Medium to heavy alfalfa weevil populations developed in alfalfa in Siskiyou, Modoc and Lassen Counties, CALIFORNIA. Some local difficulty in control was experienced. The alfalfa weevil and Hypera brunneipennis have now extended their ranges to the extent that both are found in San Luis Obispo County. Alfalfa weevil has now spread into the Gallatin Valley of MONTANA and into Broadwater County in the same State. Considerable damage occurred at both these localities. In IDAHO, overwintering adults became active in the Boise Valley and Clearwater Valley areas during early March, Egg laying in the Boise Valley area was noted at the end of March and, by April 7, numerous first instars were noted in several fields throughout Canyon County. By late May, counts of the weevil were averaging approximately 3 adults and 100 larvae per sweep in many alfalfa-seed fields checked in Canyon County. During mid-June, several alfalfa fields in HKlmore and Gooding Counties were damaged by larval feeding and, in late July, some second-crop alfalfa in the northwestern area of Idaho was severely damaged by larval feeding. The weevil was once again the most damaging crop pest in WYOMING. Heavy infestations occurred in the western and north central parts of the State. Alfalfa weevil adult activity and egg laying began in NEVADA during late Febru- ary. Larval development was delayed due to the cool spring weather, and peak larval populations did not occur until the end of June in most areas. Damage to untreated fields was severe in Nevada. Damaged acreage in UTAH was much less in 1961 due to the more general controls that were applied. The total loss to alfalfa in COLORADO was approximately 1-2 percent, most of which was caused by this species. Alfalfa weevil adults were active early in March in Colorado, and larvae were found on May 5 at counts of 4-6 per 100 sweeps. In June, the counts were 50-700 per 100 sweeps and, in August, counts were 100-300 per 100 sweeps. Early in September, adults were being found. Alfalfa weevil larvae were 20 to 70 percent parasitized by B. curculionis in Colorado. Adult counts in the pan- handle area of NEBRASKA during June were 1-2 per 100 sweeps and larval counts reached 110 per 100 sweeps. Alfalfa weevil was not observed during 1961 in KANSAS. Larvae, and typical damage caused by this pest, were noted in many alfalfa fields in San Juan County, NEW MEXICO, during June. Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil = 50)5— CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) adults were numerous on white clover seed fields in the Columbia River Basin of WASHINGTON during May. In OREGON, adults were common in alfalfa in Morrow and Umatilla Counties in April. Severe damage occurred in some Jefferson County fields. Larvae were mature the week of May 21 in Oregon, and newly emerged adults were observed in Baker County alfalfa on July 2. Clover leaf weevil was present throughout most of IDAHO, with popu- lations generally low and spring larval counts running 3 or less larvae per alfalfa crown. In NEBRASKA, there was considerable larval activity present on alfalfa in the northeast, east, central and southwestern areas of the State during early May. Clover leaf weevil was not economically important in KANSAS in 1961. Populations of larvae in MISSOURI ranged from 3 to 10 per square foot in cloyers from late April until early May. The larvae then became diseased and the populations declined and remained below the damaging level. The weevil was more abundant than for the last 2-3 years in ILLINOIS, and equal to, or slightly above, the seven-year average. Damage occurred to red clover fields in most districts of the State. An estimated 32,715 acres were treated in Illinois. Clover leaf weevil was present on alfalfa in ARKANSAS for a short period during the spring in the north central area, but infestations were not economic. The pest was fairly abundant and its feeding was quite noticeable in PENNSYLVANIA, LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) larvae again caused economic injury to first-growth red clover in most sections of MARYLAND by feeding within the axils and buds, and the insect was abundant and caused severe injury to a field of trefoil in VERMONT, Larvae were infesting 70-100 (average 83) percent of the red clover stems in the southern half of ILLINOIS by May 26. Newly emerged adults averaged 12 per sweep on red clover in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA, during mid-June; and there was considerable adult and larval feeding by this pest on white clover seed fields in Asotin County, WASHINGTON, during May. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (H. meles) caused some reduced yields in crimson clover seed produc- tion in the northeastern area of ARKANSAS. Research has been conducted on control measures in that State. A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) caused heavy damage to 2 cuttings of alfalfa on the Yuma Mesa in Yuma County, ARIZONA. Infestations began to increase about February 1 and were heavy by mid-February. The decline began about April 15 and, by April 20, infestations had almost completely disappeared. Lighter infestations occurred in the Gila River Valley of Yuma County and in the central area. This weevil was more in evidence in 1961 than the past few years in Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange Counties, CALIFORNIA, CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) controls were required on white clover plantings in Wallowa County, OREGON; newly hatched larvae were observed June 30, Heavy infestations of 5-15 clover seed weevil adults per sweep developed during the first week of June on white clover raised for seed in Asotin, Garfield and Whitman Counties, WASHINGTON. There was considerable seed loss where the controls were inadequate in Washington. The seed weevil continued to be moderately abundant during 1961 in IDAHO, with adult popula- tions in nontreated Ladino and white clover fields in the Clearwater River drainage area ranging from 15 to 20 per sweep during June, and averaging generally considerably lower in white clover seed fields in the more northern areas of Idaho, CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) was more abundant in Ladino clover seed fields in Jackson County, OREGON,than for several years. Adult populations in IDAHO continued relatively abundant throughout the State, with injury from larval feeding generally not ascertained. Adult feeding signs were commonly found on alfalfa and sweetclover in April and May in the eastern one-third of NEBRASKA. Counts in this State ranged 1-12 per 10 sweeps in early November. Clover root curculio was relatively light in KANSAS and MISSOURI. The extent of damage to alfalfa and clover was believed light in VIRGINIA, although the usual numbers were observed. =o SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) caused severe defoliation of seedling sweetclover stands in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA, These weevils were active and damaging young sweetclover stands by the middle of April in southeastern SOUTH DAKOTA, but the overall damage in 1961 was light and no serious damage was noted. A low population was present through June in NEBRASKA, with little damage occur-—- ring to newly seeded stands. Populations averaged 2 per sweep in late June. Sweetclover weevil was common in UTAH, but injury to sweetclover was rarely serious. The populations were near normal in ILLINOIS; approximately 7,700 acres were treated, of which about 6,000 were in the west and central districts. A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) was active in alfalfa in southeastern SOUTH DAKOTA by the third week in April. Populations averaged 3 per sweep during May in the southeast and east central areas. Numbers reduced to an average of 5 per 10 sweeps from mid-June to September. Small populations of the weevil were found as far west as Mellette County, South Dakota. CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) infested 60 to 100 percent of the red clover-seed fields in Lewis County, WASHINGTON, in August, when the larvae were becoming full grown and pupating. Larval damage, plus the unusually hot weather, caused 30 to 40 percent of the seeds to be highly shriveled and light. A CLOVER WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) did not appear to be as numerous as in previous years in NEW YORK, VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) appeared to be more numerous than usual in OREGON during 1961. Reinfestations from hay seed fields was a particular prob- lem in the northern Willamette Valley. Control was poor in some fields. Infes- tations of the pest in TEXAS caused generally moderate to heavy damage to vetch seed in vetch~growing areas of the State. WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES ea Vt yy Kk Ne Poet STATUS OF PROGRAM Infested Infested Acreage Treated } Alabama i Arkansas 4,570 1,884 : Florida 140,788 50,354 Georgia 404,728 103,260 } Kentucky 15 15 Louisiana 37,102 21,021 } Mississippi 243,253 21,011 } North Carolina © 48,937 30,550 } South Carolina 6,683 6,382 } Tennessee 83,671 20,497 : Virginia 1 98 Total 1,291,314 Benntsenpeccesecnsaccnnsascnccnsacserarceapeneeesuanen Infestations present. ; Eradicative treatments i completed on all known H AS infestations i of Prepared in Survey and Detection _ 9 : Operations, PPC, ARSUSDA : ( November 10, I961 = 152 = WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) are now known to infest a total of more than 1,291,000 acres in 11 states, The map on the preceding page shows the status of the program as of November 10, 1961. The infestation that was present in NEW JERSEY was declared eradicated in 1960 following negative surveys for three successive years. The infestations that were found in KENTUCKY and VIRGINIA during 1960 have been treated in their entirety, includ- ing a substantial buffer zone. Spread of the pest was reported to include a total of 16 new counties in 5 states. They are as follows: ALABAMA — Bibb, Blount, Chambers, Shelby, Sumter, St. Clair, Walker; GEORGIA -— Columbia, Walton; MISSISSIPPI - Amite, Choctaw, Lee, Winston; SOUTH CAROLINA - Lee; TENNESSEE - Bradley, Franklin. Bi BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) was reported feeding on alfalfa flowers in PENNSYLVANIA in August, and the pest was reported to be causing plant damage in MICHIGAN for the first time in several years. Lupines were defoliated at Gaylord, Kalkaska and Roscommon, which is the north central part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. In SOUTH DAKOTA, black blister beetle was noted in Conservation Reserve Land and alfalfa fields about the first of August in the north central area. Populations were spotty. Some fields had 10 adults per sweep while others had none per 10 sweeps. Popula- tions remained moderate in the central, north central and northeastern areas throughout August in the State. ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (E. fabricii) was first noted during the third week of June. During June and July, the latter species averaged from 2 to 23 per 10 sweeps in the eastern area; only light feeding was observed. Low numbers of Epicauta spp. were found feeding on legumes in MISSOURI. Several species of BLISTER BEETLES were present in large numbers on alfalfa throughout KANSAS, but they were not of great economic importance. Several species of blister beetles increased in abundance in INDIANA in 1961; a population rise is suggested for the next few seasons. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) adults were very abundant on alfalfa in the Kingston area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in late August. Losses to corn and soybeans were negligible in INDIANA, SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) populations remained generally light throughout the year on alfalfa in OKLAHOMA, and WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (D. undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) adult counts of 2-3 per sweep were not uncommon in alfalfa in Josephine County, OREGON, in September. In CALIFORNIA, Diabrotica spp. was a local problem in alfalfa in the Salinas area of Monterey County. PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) adults averaged 1-3 per sweep and caused moderate injury to several second=—growth alfalfa fields in western Frederick County, MARYLAND. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) was unusually abundant in the Columbia River Basin and the Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON during September; and the pest was generally abundant in alfalfa throughout OREGON, but damage was considered light in most areas. Light to medium populations of alfalfa caterpillar occurred in all alfalfa-producing areas of CALIFORNIA. Larvae became numerous in some alfalfa fields throughout southwestern IDAHO to as far east as the Grand View area of Elmore County during September, Larval counts frequently ran 10 per sweep. Heavy damage was very spotted, being most noticeable in the Grand View area and on some newly seeded alfalfa in Canyon County. Populations were below those of 1960 in NEVADA, but were heavier than normal in areas of Churchill and Clark Counties. The pest was general in UTAH, but caused only light crop injury. Alfalfa caterpillar caused some losses to alfalfa in COLORADO, The pest was a problem in some areas of the Arkansas Valley of Colorado late in the season, with 50-300 larvae per 100 sweeps. Infestations in ARIZONA began to increase in mid-August and were heavy statewide by Septem- ber 1. Graham County populations were heaviest and did considerable damage in some fields. From a statewide standpoint, populations were similar to those of 1960 and were not as damaging as in some previous years, The decline this year began in the latter part of September. In NEW MEXICO, larvae began - 153 - appearing in increasing numbers during May and June in southeastern area alfalfa, During the summer, damage was noticeable in many fields throughout the southern area. Alfalfa caterpillar caused light damage to legumes in TEXAS. Relatively low numbers of alfalfa caterpillar were found feeding on legumes in MISSOURI. Adult activity was very noticeable in legumes in eastern and south- eastern NEBRASKA during May and early June. Alfalfa caterpillar populations in MINNESOTA were higher than usual, but no apparent damage to alfalfa occurred. An occaSional field had counts of 100 larvae per 100 sweeps. The species caused partial defoliation of legumes in southern INDIANA during September and October, and populations on alfalfa in all sections of MARYLAND were generally light throughout the season. and more widespread in DELAWARE alfalfa than in 1960. The highest numbers on alfalfa occurred during late July to mid-August. The insect was reported as generally light on legumes in MARYLAND, INDIANA, MISSOURI, KANSAS, MINNESOTA, OKLAHOMA and TEXAS. A few isolated alfalfa fields in South central and north central areas of Oklahoma had heavy populations of up to 20 per square foot, and light damage to alfalfa was noted in Texas. Larval populations of GREEN CLOVERWORM eee scabra) were generally higher BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) infestations in ARIZONA were heavy and damaging to some central and southeastern area alfalfa during late August, September and October. Counts averaged 60 per 100 sweeps in some fields during this period. In TEXAS, the pest caused light damage to legumes generally, and heavy damage to castorbeans in Brazos County. Medium populations of beet armyworm developed in Yolo and Colusa Counties, CALIFORNIA, WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) was generally abundant in alfalfa throughout OREGON, but damage was light in most areas; and the pest was locally medium to heavy in alfalfa plantings in Kern and Fresno Counties, CALIFORNIA, It damaged a few fields of alfalfa in UTAH; and the species, along with cutworms, damaged alfalfa in the Yakima Valley area of WASHINGTON during September and October, YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (P. ornithogalli) was a problem on alfalfa in some areas of ARIZONA, but generally only a minor pest. It also caused light damage to alfalfa during the spring in local southern and south central areas of UTAH; less than normal, however. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) was a problem on alfalfa in some areas of ARIZONA, but was generally only a minor pest. In MISSOURI, a few fields of alfalfa in the southwest were also damaged, but populations of the insect over the State were low in 1961. Garden webworm caused partial defoliation of legumes in the southern area of INDIANA during September and October. The insect was not important during 1961 in KANSAS, ALFALFA WEBWORM (L. commixtalis) adults were numerous during the evenings of September 14-18 in the Parma-Wilder area of IDAHO, WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) were a problem in the southeastern area of PENNSYLVANIA during September on alfalfa seeded in early August. Infestations of Loxostege spp. were becoming common in alfalfa by late June in the southeastern and north central areas of OKLAHOMA, Generally, only light infestations existed through- out July, August and September in that State, except in localized spots in the southwest early in September. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) larvae were found feeding on alfalfa foliage in Roosevelt and Chaves Counties, NEW MEXICO, during August. Populations were low in UTAH again. FORAGE LOOPER (Caenurgina erechtea) adult activity was noted during late April in legume fields in eastern and southeastern NEBRASKA, The insect was not a problem during 1961 in KANSAS. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was reported as a pest of forage crops in OKLAHOMA and caused light damage to legumes in TEXAS. CLOVER LOOPER (Caenurgina crassiuscula) caused partial defoli- ation of legumes in the southern area of INDIANA during September and October. - 154 - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) populations were unusually high in alfalfa in Dona Ana, Chaves, De Baca and Eddy Counties, NEW MEXICO, but were only light in some alfalfa throughout the season in ARIZONA. Light damage to legumes was reported in TEXAS. Infestations in OKLAHOMA remained light in alfalfa until early July, and light to medium infestations were common (up to 1.2 per sweep) in alfalfa by early September. Activity was noted in alfalfa in the south central area until late October. Corn earworm populations in CALIFORNIA were general during the year; heavy populations did not develop until late in the year. SALT-—MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was a problem on alfalfa in some areas of ARIZONA, but generally of only minor importance. The first general outbreak of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) since 1957 occurred in the central third of OKLAHOMA, extending from Kansas to Texas. Heavy to severe (up to 20 per square foot) infestations were consuming all of the new growth of recently mowed alfalfa in mid and late May. By late May, up to 35 percent of the infestation in some fields was parasitized. Except for localized areas in Lincoln and Muskogee Counties, populations in Oklahoma had dropped below the economic level by mid-June. Variegated cutworm was not reported to be of economic importance in 1961 in KANSAS; however, the pest did cause some losses of alfalfa in COLORADO and UTAH. Counts of small larvae in southeast MISSOURI ranged from 2 to 17 per square foot in alfalfa in early May. By mid-May, one to 21 half—-grown larvae per square foot were causing extensive damage to alfalfa in this area. By early June, the larvae had become full grown in the southeast and the damage subsided. Light infestations caused some marginal damage in the northwest part of Missouri, but populations were low in all other areas of the State. There was an estimated 50 to 100 larvae under each bale of hay in Dundy County, NEBRASKA, and 3 larvae per square foot in a field of alfalfa in Keya Paha County of the same State during June. Peak moth flights in Nebraska occurred in late May at North Platte and early July in Lincoln. Variegated cutworm populations were light to medium in alfalfa in San Bernardino and Imperial Counties, CALIFORNIA, during 1961. Spotted infestations of ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) were noted in mid-May over approximately 50 acres of alfalfa near Midvale in Washington County, IDAHO, Infestations and damage were heavy in the west central counties of NEVADA on alfalfa in March. Injury was heaviest in Churchill and Douglas Counties. Army cutworm damaged alfalfa plantings in the North Desert area of San Bernardino County, CALIFORNIA, early in the year and spread over the State by midsummer. Prior to 1961, this species was not a pest in California. The pest damaged much less alfalfa during the spring in UTAH than normal, and caused some loss to alfalfa in COLORADO, Heavy, damaging populations occurred on legumes in NEBRASKA as far as the eastern third of the State during April. In some areas, larvae were found to be moving in "armies" to new fields. Scattered, heavy populations of army cutworm damaged alfalfa in several sections of NORTH DAKOTA during April and May, and it damaged alfalfa in many fields in the western two-thirds of KANSAS during the spring. In SOUTH DAKOTA, the insect was reported doing some damage to alfalfa in Perkins and Bennett Counties, with all damage reports being received in the spring. Several alfalfa fields in northern Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, were almost completely defoliated. Counts in heavily infested fields ran 3-16 larvae per square foot. DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia subgothica) larvae were very light on alfalfa in the central area of NEBRASKA during late March, and DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (Euxoa messoria) caused damage to alfalfa in the southwestern part of the same State the first week of June, Several unspecified CUTWORMS caused damage to legumes in TEXAS. A PYRAUSTID (Nomophila noctuella) damaged newly seeded alfalfa in Franklin and Culpeper Counties, VIRGINIA; this is a relatively newly recognized pest in the State. A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) was generally of only minor importance in ARIZONA, but it did cause some damage to alfalfa. A TORTRICID (Tortrix pallorama) caused only local seed injury to alfalfa in UTAH, largely in Box Elder County. =) 1155) = FIELD CRICKETS were heavy on alfalfa and seed alfalfa in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA, and they were numerous in the eastern area of SOUTH DAKOTA during the late summer and early fall. Some damage occurred to alfalfa seed crops and to swathed grain in the latter State. In MINNESOTA, a seeding of red clover in the northwest district required treatment to prevent further injury by crickets. Early stage nymphs of Gryllus spp. became evident in late July in RHODE ISLAND. Populations were only moderate at maturity in late September. TREE CRICKETS (Oecanthus spp.) were abundant in alfalfa and Conservation Reserve Land in the eastern area of SOUTH DAKOTA. They began to appear about the first of July and continued to increase in population until the end of that month. Counts in some fields in the northeast and north central area were up to 12 per sweep. Counts averaged 6 per 10 sweeps for the eastern portion of the State. Damage to forage crops was light. Madrid clover in Navarro County, TEXAS, was badly stunted by infestations of COSMOPTERYGIDS (Isophrictis similiella and Walshia sp., near or miscecolorella). Unknown species of MAGGOTS heavily infested native lupine seed pods, as well as seed pods of Oxytropis gracilis in ALASKA; both of these legumes are of patential value as forage species. SEED CHALCIDS (Bruchophagus spp.) caused their usual economic damage in UTAH; and B. roddi Gussakovskii* was a problem on alfalfa in some areas of ARIZONA, but generally was only a minor pest. THRIPS were unusually heavy on alfalfa in areas of Clark and Lincoln Counties, NEVADA, with heavy damage occurring in seedling and regrowth fields. Light to heavy | infestations of a THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) occurred in alfalfa throughout the year in ARIZONA. Damage to new growth was evident in many cases. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was a problem in alfalfa seed fields in Jackson County, OREGON. Several hundred acres were treated by August 20. Defoliation of plants occurred by September, but damage to the seed was slight. The mite became generally abundant on alfalfa and red clover in IDAHO from late May until late August. It was found on nearly all red clover fields sampled in the western area of the State during June. In general, popu- lations of two-spotted spider mite were more numerous on legumes during August and September. Two-spotted spider mite also caused light injury to alfalfa and clovers in UTAH. Unspecified SPIDER MITES severely damaged several fields of alfalfa in Clark County, NEVADA, in May, and red clover in Humboldt County in June, MITES in general were were prevalent on many forage crops in CALIFORNIA and, due to drought conditions and high temperatures, were active over a long period of time. Seed alfalfa suffered heavy populations in Imperial County and medium populations in Kern County. Medium populations were present on clover in seed-producing areas of Glenn and Merced Counties, and controls were required on seed clover in Tehama County. Light infestations of Tetranychus cinnabarinus were present in some areas of ARIZONA throughout the year, In Yuma County, some alfalfa seed fields were heavily damaged during July by almost complete defolia- tion. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was a problem on alfalfa in some areas of ARIZONA, but was generally only a minor pest in that State, Heavy local popu- lations of clover mite occurred on clover and alfalfa in the Irvine area of Orange County, CALIFORNIA. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was present in light to moderate numbers on alfalfa in NEVADA, but severe infestations occurred on alfalfa in Churchill and Pershing Counties from April to early June in that State. All stages of an ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria medicaginis) were found in leaf axils of alfalfa in the Walla Walla area of WASHINGTON; a new record for the State. * Strong, F. E. 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 55(1) :1-4. - 156 - Soybean, Peanut and Field Pea Insects Highlights: BEAN LEAF BEETLE adults caused economic foliage damage to soybeans in areas of Maryland and Illinois as did MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE in Georgia and Maryland. SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM caused considerable damage to peanuts in areas of Virginia and Georgia. Several STINK BUGS were of economic importance on pea- nuts and soybeans during the year. SPIDER MITES caused considerable injury to soybeans in areas of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. DR ICA IC 2 iC 2 IC CS 2 CE Ie A IC IE aC i 2 a ak 2K ik BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) adults were abundant and caused a con- siderable amount of foliage injury to soybeans in MARYLAND, particularly on the central Eastern Shore. Light damage to soybeans was reported in some VIRGINIA counties. Populations in ARKANSAS continued light on soybeans and relatively low numbers were found feeding on legumes in MISSOURI. In ILLINOIS, bean leaf beetle ranged 0-250 and averaged 42 adults per 100 feet of row on soybeans in the west-southwest district in mid-June and from 0-200 adults per 100 feet of row again in early August in the central, west-southwest and east-southeast districts. Much shot-holing of soybean leaves occurred in Illinois, but apparently damage was not too severe. Populations on soybeans in MINNESOTA were very low in the south central area, where the insect has been numerous in past years. A CHRYSOMELID (Maecolaspis sp.) was rather light on soybeans in 1961 in ILLINOIS , but adults were abundant on soybeans in Frederick and Queen Annes Counties, MARYLAND, during late July; however, damage was negligible in the latter State. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) infestations were moderate to heavy on soybeans in GEORGIA; moderate to heavy in Caroline and St. Marys Counties, MARYLAND; and caused light damage to soybeans in some VIRGINIA counties. MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) was abundant and nearly defoliated soybeans in scattered spots in some ILLINOIS fields. COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) infestations were light to moderate on field peas in GEORGIA; COWPEA WEEVIL (Callosobruchus maculatus) caused heavy, local damage to cowpeas in Hale and the surrounding counties in the TEXAS Panhandle; and a WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) was collected from soybeans in the upper Arkansas River Valley of ARKANSAS. Although the latter pest was more numerous in Arkansas than during 1960, economic infestations did not develop and no acreage was treated. SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) infested peanuts in four counties in southwestern GEORGIA; approximately 3,000 acres were involved, with damage from 10 to 90 percent (average 30 percent). This 30 percent loss amounts to $140,000. This pest has been present for a long time in Georgia, but it has only recently become a pest of peanuts. The value of the total peanut crop in the State was approximately $55,000,000. In VIRGINIA, southern corn rootworm almost totally destroyed the peanut crop in some eastern areas where controls failed or where they were not applied properly. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) losses to soybeans in INDIANA were negligible in 1961, In the Newton County area, primarily rural, numbers of the pest were low except for a two-square-mile area, Here, some 200,000 larvae per acre were found in soybean land in the fall of 1960 and had a peak beetle population of 25,000 per acre in August of 1961. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) caused some damage to peanuts during the fall in ALABAMA, as well as some damage to soybeans throughout most of the State during the same period. In GEORGIA, infestations were light to moderate on peanuts and lighter than 1960. Infestations on soybeans in Georgia = 157 = were moderate to heavy. RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) infesta- tions were light on peanuts in GEORGIA,and light infestations of the insect were present generally in peanut fields in the south central and southwestern parts of OKLAHOMA, LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) caused light damage to peanuts in central TEXAS, Infestations of CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused some damage to peanuts during the fall in ALABAMA,and they also caused some damage to soybeans throughout most of the State during the same period. Infestations in GEORGIA were light to moderate on peanuts and lighter than 1960, but infestations on soybeans were moderate to heavy. The species was of less importance on soybeans in ARKANSAS where it was the most important pest of soybeans in 1960. In VIRGINIA, corn earworm infestations on soybeans in the eastern area were considerably less than in the two previous years. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) caused some damage to peanuts during the fall in ALABAMA, and infestations in GEORGIA were light to moderate on peanuts and lighter than in 1960. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) infestations on soybeans in GEORGIA were moderate to heavy. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) larval infestations on soybeans in DELAWARE were generally higher and more widespread than during 1960. While it was present on this crop throughout most of the season in Delaware, infestations during the first week of August ranged from light in 36 fields, to moderate in 11 fields and to heavy in 5 fields. Green cloverworm was generally light on soybeans in MARYLAND, ARKANSAS , MINNESOTA and OKLAHOMA. GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) infestations were general throughout the peanut-growing area of GEORGIA, but growers were able to control the infestations before serious defoliation occurred. Infestations ranged from light to heavy in Georgia, SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) caused some damage to soybeans throughout most of ALABAMA during the fall, and infestations were light to moderate on peanuts in GEORGIA when the pods were forming and maturing. Also in Georgia, infestations of BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) were light to moderate on peanuts during same period; southern green stink bug and a BURROWING STINK BUG (Pangaeus bilineatus) were light on peanuts during the season. The infestations of the latter species were lighter in Georgia than those of 1959, which were serious on Spanish peanuts in several counties. In ARKANSAS, several species of STINK BUGS attacked soybeans. The species seem to vary between areas and even between fields. GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) was the most important species in Arkansas in 1961. Other species of stink bugs included southern green stink bug and Euschistus spp. Damage occurs late in the season after pods are formed, often remaining on the plants until after harvest. Stink bugs were less severe generally on soybeans, in Arkansas, than they were in 1960. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) also continued as a pest of soybeans in Arkansas, causing some lodging of plants in 1961. Unspecified THRIPS caused noticeable streaking of soybeans in most sections of MARYLAND, and infestations on peanuts in GEORGIA were light to heavy, with most of them moderate. Infestations were not as severe as in 1960 in Georgia. Several species of thrips caused light damage to peanuts in the central area of TEXAS, and infestations of Frankliniella sp. were common in the terminals of peanuts in the south central, southwestern and east central areas of OKLAHOMA , STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) was first found in DELAWARE in numbers on soybeans in northern Sussex County on July 19; populations reached a peak by mid-August and disappeared by the first week of September. In other areas of Delaware, peak populations were not reached until the last week of August and early September. Yellowing of leaves, where populations were high, was noticeable approximately 2-3 weeks prior to peaks. SPIDER MITES, especially strawberry spider mite, were above normal in MARYLAND and caused considerable - 158 - injury, with resultant defoliation of soybeans in Dorchester, Talbot and Wicomico Counties. Unspecified species of spider mites caused considerable injury to soybeans in the eastern area of VIRGINIA during August. SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) was reported in four new counties in 1961: Clay and Greene Counties, ARKANSAS, and Carroll and Weakley Counties, TENNESSEE. As of the end of the year, 1,384 properties in 39 counties in 8 states were known to be infested, involving approximately 66,300 acres. In MISSOURI, losses due to the nematode were estimated at 14.7 percent of the crop in 166 fields where damage was noted. Loss, no doubt, occurred in a number of other Missouri fields where symptoms were minor or where damage was not observed by survey personnel. The map below shows the status of the pro- gram as of December 1, 1961. Soybean Cyst Nematode Y Y 182,000 WY es | COUNTIES INFESTED Arkansas Missouri Tonnessea 102 000 coy | yaaa) | ae WY Crittenden Now Madrid — Dyor Y Groone miscot Gibson UY Ss Haywood A ¢ PU Cstrea el siaadard take ie SY, G 2,543,000 yy Mlinols Nicorolingoblan fs 150,000 “Wy Y Tipton Yi Pulaski Camden Shelby WY ‘ YY Kentucky Wookloy Kentucky Gates Dy 013, Ballard Now Honovor Fulton Poxaustant Virginia 7 Yj a " Perquimans Isle of Wight 594,000 // 600 ississippi Y, Tyrrell Nonsemond Do Soto Union Southampton Ws Major soybean producing areas. | Counties infested-one or more December I, 1961 infested fields in each county. Numbers=Soybean acreage, 1960 U.S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICIN TURF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE Ned NS ibe Ste eed cna Saag OU ELEN SE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesrot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 March 9, 1962 Number 10 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG continues at noneconomic levels generally in Texas and Oklahoma. CORN LEAF APHID infestations medium on some central Arizona barley. Some ARMY CUTWORM controls applied locally in Oklahoma. Heavy infestations of an ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) present in Yuma County, Arizona, alfalfa; untreated fields on Yuma Mesa almost completely defoliated. (p. 161). GREEN PEACH APHID continues damaging to sugar beets and safflower in central and southwestern Arizona, and populations heaviest in past 4 years in Zavala County, Texas, where they are killing some spinach plants. (p. 162). TURNIP APHID, POTATO APHID and SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE also damaging to truck crops in localities of southern Texas, SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE infestations spread during January in eastern Texas; SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE adults heavy on elm locally in Kern County, California; and ELM LEAF BEETLE active in areas of Oklahoma. (p. 163). CATTLE LICE infestations severe in Logan area, Cache County, Utah, and continue to increase throughout Oklahoma; heaviest infestations in Nebraska occur in east central area. (p. 164). SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE infestations reported in Maryland, Delaware and Pennsylvania. (p. 165). Forecasts of Insect Conditions Some heavy, localized infestations of HESSIAN FLY expected in wheat in southern Kansas. (p. 161). Survey of spring breeding areas for POTATO PSYLLID in Arizona and California indicates a potentially very severe outbreak this season.(p. 162). CODLING MOTH expected to need major consideration during 1962 in Indiana. (p. 168). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER expected to cause injury to apples in Doniphan County, Kansas, in 1962. (p. 169). Miscellaneous Notes of Interest Additional information on the SCARAB (Ceratophyus sp.), which was reported for the first time in the United States in CEIR 12(7):85, is given. General infes- tations present on some 50,000 acres in Santa Barbara County, California; 5,000 acres heavily infested. (p. 166). Insect Detection EUROPEAN MANTIS reported for first time in Delaware (p. 165) and a NITIDULID (Carpophilus melanopterus) reported from Pennsylvania (p. 166). Special Reports Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Arizona and California. (p. 162). Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (continued) FRUIT INSECTS Deciduous Fruit Tree Insects - (p. 167) Nut Tree Insects — (p. 181) Pests of Avocado, Olive and Fig - (p. 184) Pests of Citrus - (p. 184) Pests of Grape - (p. 188) Pests of Bushfruits - (p. 190) Reports in this issue are for week ending March 2 unless otherwise indicated. =) 1160) = WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 5 The weather has been cold and snowy in western and northern areas and mild with heavy rains in the Southeast for 2 consecutive weeks. In the North Central Interior, this week was even colder than the previous week, with record low temperatures for so late in the season occurring at many stations in the upper Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes region. Mott, North Dakota, and Bemidji, Minnesota, recorded -44° on February 26 and March 1, respectively. Minneapolis, Minnesota, had -32° on March 1, the lowest temperature ever recorded there in March. Other low temperatures during the week included -—35° at Creighton, Nebraska, -35° at several stations in Iowa, -40° in eastern South Dakota and -34° in Pellston, Michigan. Subzero minima extended to Oklahoma with a low of —4° at Kenton and freezing to parts of the gulf coast. The freeze may have damaged peaches which were in full bloom in Louisiana and Texas. In Texas, freezing reached extreme southern por- tions of the State with 29° at Rio Grande City, ending 4 weeks of summerlike weather in that State. Freezing was general over the Far Southwest Interior on February 28, and some crop damage was reported in Arizona. Colder weather in the East near the end of the period brought low temperatures, ranging from suz-— zero levels at a number of stations in the Northeast to slightly below freezing in northern Georgia. During the mild weather which prevailed in the Southeast until the weekend, day- time temperatures in the 80's were recorded in North Carolina and a few 90's in the Florida Peninsula. These high temperatures set new records at some stations in North Carolina for the end of February. Precipitation exceeded a half inch in a large area extending from the south- eastern Great Plains eastward and northeastward to the Atlantic coast. Weekly totals generally ranged from 2 to over 4 inches in Tennessee, Kentucky and some surrounding areas where extensive flooding occurred. Most of the precipitation in the East and Southeast occurred as rain early in the week. Rainfall in the southern portion of the Florida Peninsula totaled less than 0.50 inch for the week, Light to locally heavy snowfall with low temperatures which prevented much melting, kept a heavy snow cover in northern areas east of the Rockies. Depths now range up to 20 inches or more in the Dakotas, 37 in Iowa, 26 in Minnesota, 40 in Wisconsin, 39 in Michigan and 49 inches in New England. Light to locally heavy snowfall was rather widespread in the Far West and the snowpack in the mountains was substantially increased, At Twin Lakes, California, the snow depth increased 38 inches during the week. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = 161 = CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - February collections from 63 fields of wheat in 20 southern counties showed only 6 infested. Infestations ranged from 4 to 16 percent. Fall infestations higher in northern area. Resistant varieties and good cultural control practice have greatly reduced Hessian fly potential. However, some heavy, localized infestations expected. Virtually no larval mortality found. (Jones, Somsen, Peters). A CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations continue in pasture- lands in Tulare County; light populations reported from Exeter area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Continues subeconomic; highest counts in panhandle area 5-10 per linear foot of row. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations, although up from 2 weeks ago, remain at noneconomic level (0-10 per linear foot) in wheat in Perkins area, north central section. Counts 20-40 per linear foot in 2 fields in Grandfield area, southwest section; counts 0-10 per linear foot in other fields in same area. Counts in Yuba vicinity, south central area, averaged one per linear foot. Counts in southwest and south central areas made before subfreezing temperatures occurred during week; counts in north central area made later in week. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Counts 1.5 per linear foot on wheat in Yuba area; none observed in Perkins area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Counts 0-50 per linear foot in wheatfield in Perkins area; populations "colonized" without general coverage of plants in places where high counts were made. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Medium infestations present on some central area barley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Light on wheat in Bryan County, south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 10 per linear foot, in wheat in Perkins vicinity, north central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Ziadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Limited surveys in Columbia County, southwest area, indicated approximately 50 percent survival of overwintering larvae to March 3. January temperatures were as low as -5 degrees F.; however, 6-7 inches of snow cover was present. Grke ins: Sure). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations continue in wheat and alfalfa in central, north central, west central and northwest areas of State. Some treatments applied in Kingfisher area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations severely damaging alfalfa in Yuma County. Counts in untreated fields on the Yuma Mesa averaged 30 larvae per sweep and foliage being almost completely destroyed. Infestations lighter in Yuma and Gila Valleys, but average of 7-15 larvae per ‘Sweep present in many fields and damage becoming apparent. Very light infestations present in some central area fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - No activity to March 2 due to inclement Weather; adult activity and egg laying expected to be later than normal. (Coop. Rpt.). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Medium infestations present on alfalfa in central and southwestern areas. Light infestations present in flax and safflower in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). =) 62h — PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations remain relatively light in alfalfa in southern area. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa in parts of north central, south central, southwest and east central areas. Heavy on vetch in Durrant vicinity, south central area, and light on vetch in southeast anean = (Okla sCoopeiisur.y). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Populations remain low in Choctaw County, southeast area. Higher counts, 20-35 per square foot, on alfalfa in Tillman County, southwest area. None observed in Perkins vicinity, north central, area. (Okla: Coop. Sur.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa and vetch in Choctaw County, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa and vetch in Choctaw County, southeast area. Okla. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS APPLE TWIG BORER (Amphicerus bicaudatus) - TEXAS - Infestation serious enough on 4 of 8 dooryard apple trees in Baylor County to consider controls. Det. by Burke. (McClung). TRUCK CROP INSECTS Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Arizona and California - The potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) survey was conducted February 27 through March 1, 1962, in the overwintering areas of Arizona and California, Weather conditions have apparently been favorable for the development of wild Lycium which was succulent and abudant in all areas. Throughout the survey, the weather was cool to warm, clear and calm, except the forenoon of February 27 when rain squalls and cold, cloudy conditions prevailed. Potato psyllid was collected at all stops, with the average counts per 100 sweeps being higher than for any year since the survey began. At many stops, nymphs outnumbered adults by 2 or 3 times. In addition, egg depostition was heavy at about one-half of the stops. The survey indicates a potentially very severe outbreak this season. A comparasion of potato psyllid populations found during the spring surveys, 1957 through 1962, is shown in the table below. (PPC, West. Reg.; Mar. 2). ‘Potato Psyllid Survey on Overwintering Hosts Average Number per 100 Sweeps State District 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 Arizona Phoenix-Tucson 2236 149 665 992 93 95 California Blythe-Barstow 909 41 282 237 96 143 THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Populations of unspecified species generally light in Dona Ana County onion fields. Counts averaged about 2 per plant in fields checked. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci averaged 13 per plant on onions in Zavala and Dimmit Counties; nymphs increasing. Controls being applied. (Harding). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infestations pre- sent on sugar beets and safflower in central and southwestern areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations of over 100 per plant, heaviest seen during past 4 years, killing some spinach plants in Zavala County. (Harding). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on cabbage in Thomas and Colquitt Counties (Johnson). = 163) = TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestation (73 per large leaf) on turnips in Dimmit County. (Harding). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - TEXAS - Local infestations averaged 18 per leaf on newly emerged potato plants in Zavala County. (Harding). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Heavily infested banked seed sweetpotatoes at Hilliard, Nassau County, on February 21 and moderately infested sweetpotatoes 5 miles southeast of Perry, Taylor County, on February 23. (Gladden, Adkins). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TEXAS - Adults heavy enough in Zavala and Dimmit Counties to cause noticeable damage to leaves of spinach and potatoes. (Harding). A MITE (Tyrophagus sp.) - OREGON - Reported severely damaging greenhouse plantings of cucumbers in Jackson County during January. Injury consisted of shot-hole effect on leaf surface of plants. Det. by G. W Krantz. (Berry). TOBACCO INSECTS TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on tobacco in the plant bed in Thomas, Colquitt and Irwin Counties. (Johnson). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate infestations on tobacco in the plant bed in Thomas, Colquitt and Irwin Counties. (Johnson) . COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Infested 350 wild cotton plants at Everglades National Park, Cape Sable, Dade County, on February 25 and 175 bolls and 5 blooms at Plantation Key, Monroe County, on February 26. (Weaver, Creamer). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Infestations spread during January in spite of low temperatures experienced. An aerial flight on January 16 located 41 new spots. Each new spot had 5 or more trees with brown tops. Ground observations revealed many single trees with green foliage that were undetectable from the air. Three spots outside the previously known epi- demic area reported; 2 in Polk County and one in Tyler County. Some landowners continued treatments on accessible sites. (Texas For. Pest Comm.; Jan.Rpt.). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - TEXAS - Reported active on pines in Montgomery, Sabine and Walker Counties. (Texas For. Pest Comm.; Jan.Rpt.). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ARKANSAS - First adult emergence of season occurred in southern area during week ending February 24. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in elm bark in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Reported on elm trees in Woodward County, northwest area. Some activity continues around hibernation quarters in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Several heavy infesta- - 164 - tions noted on American holly locally in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WILLOW BEAKED-GALL MIDGE (Phytophaga ne ee) - PENNSYLVANIA - Most twigs of pussy willow infested in Allegheny County. (Udine) A GALL WASP (Callirhytis punctata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Galls present on oaks 8 feet high at Meridian, Butler County, on February 20. (Simons). COCCIDS - California - Parlatoria pittospori light on Callitris sp. in Mission Bay City Park, San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MISSOURI - A coccid, probably Asterolecanium variolosum, moderate to heavy on pin oak in a parking lot in Clayton, east central area. (Lenhardt). TEXAS - Unaspis euonymi heavy and causing loss of some euonymus plants in Vernon area of Wilbarger County. (Thomas). OKLAHOMA - U. euonymi reported on shrubs in Choctaw, Mayes and Stephens Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) FLORIDA - Aonidiella taxus infested 50 podocarpus plants at Clermont, Lake County, on February 21 (Hey, Henderson, Fatic) ; a Cuts lataniae collected on common seagrape on Loggerhead Key on January 11 (Denmark, Caldwell) ; Ceroplastes cirripediformis moderate on Se en at Opa Locka, Dade County, on February 16 (McMillan, Dowling); C floridensis light on yucca at Vero Beach, Indian River County, and on key lime at Ft. Myers, Lee County, on February 21 (Kendrick, Walsh); Chrysomphalus aonidum infestations moderate to severe on Schefflera sp. at Merritt Island, Brevard County, on February 2 and light on yucca at Vero Beach and key lime at Ft. Myers on February 21 (Levan, Kendrick, Walsh); Diaspis boisduvalli light on queenpalm at New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, on February 19 and moderately infesting holyghostflower (Peristeria elata) at Homestead, Dade County, on February 22 (Smith, Knowles); Eucalymnatus tessellatus, Fiorinia fioriniae and Protopulvinaria riformis infested ricepaperplant at Cypress Gardens, Polk County, on January 16 scene Pott); Lepidosaphes beckii infested key lime at Ft. Myers, Lee County, on February 21 (Walsh); and Pinnaspis strachani moderately infested a palm at Opa Locka, Dade County, on February 16 (McMillan Dowling). MARYLAND - Aspidiotus sp. infested Austrian pine and Phenacaspis pinifoliae was heavy on needles of ornamental white pines at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.; Feb. 22-23). PENNSYLVANIA - Unaspis euonymi collected on bittersweet and Aspidiotus juglansregiae on Ohio buckeye on February 13 at University Park, Centre County. (Sleesman), MITES - FLORIDA - Brevipalpus sp. and Oligonychus ilicis severely infesting azalea at Jacksonville, Duval County, on February 8. (King). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of Bryobia spica on Scotch-broom in a nursery property in Fortuna, Humboldt’ County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - NEVADA - H. lineatum dropping from backs of cattle in upper Dixie Valley, Churchill County. H. bovis appearing in backs of cattle in southeast Pershing County. (Lauderdale). " Hypoderma sp. beginning to appear in backs of cattle in Elko County. (Arnett). OKLAHOMA - H,lineatum populations continue to decrease throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Grubs ranged 3-15 (average 6) on calves and bulls at livestock sales barn in Garfield County. Most grubs small; just appearing on animals. Six calves with 131 grubs and 14 cows with 157 grubs in Custer County. (Bergman, Roselle, Feb. 26). A MOSQUITO (Aedes canadensis) - DELAWARE - First larvae of season collected at Coochs Bridge, New Castle County, on February 24 from woodland pools. (Lake). CATTLE LICE -— UIAH - Severe infestations on number of beef bulls in Logan area of Cache County. (Knowlton, Haws). OKLAHOMA - Populations continue to increase throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Heaviest infestations occur in east central area, infestations light elsewhere; hair deposited by cattle scratching on fences not frequently found. (Bergman, Feb. 26). = 165 - HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES — OREGON - Reticulitermes tibialis collected at Coquille on December 1, 1961, by G. Jenkins. Det. by T. E. Snyder. This species uncommon in State. (Every). MARYLAND - Reticulitermes sp. damage to a floor noted in a home at Annapolis, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Severe infestation of R. flavipes located in large building in New Castle County. (Burbutis). PENNSYLVANIA - R. flavipes infesting a home in New Cumberland, Cumberland County, on February 14. (Balsbaugh). BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) - OREGON - Infestation reported from Hermiston February 12; a new area record for this species. (Every). A DARKLING BEETLE (Blapstinus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - A household nuisance in El Cajon and heavy in a yard in National City, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - DELAWARE - Several new infestations reported in homes in New Castle County. (Burbutis). SPIDER BEETLES (Ptinus spp.) —- OKLAHOMA - Ptinus sp. causing some concern around home in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFRONIA - Heavy population of P. clavipes in a residence in Byron, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - CALIFORNIA - Hibernating adults numerous inside attic of a building in Talmage, Mendocino County. (Cal.Coop.Rpt.). A CERAMBYCID (Smodicum cucujiforme) - PENNSYLVANIA - Found all over a home in Montgomery County. Det. Wayne Boyle. (Menusan). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Caused a nuisance in a home at Union Bridge, Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation reported in store in Philadelphia on February 21; fog treatment not satisfactory. (Munusan). Reported numerous locally in homes in Cumberland and Somerset Counties. (Pepper, Udine; Feb. 23-26). THIEF ANT (Solenopsis molesta) - PENNSYLVANIA - A nuisance in homes locally in York and Centre Counties. (Pepper). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA - Large numbers entering homes in southern Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND - Appeared in homes in Kingsville and Lutherville, Baltimore County, on February 19 and 26. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila hydei) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in stored sweet- potatoes in San Luis Rey, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS EUROPEAN MANTIS (Mantis religiosa) - DELAWARE - Collected by A. Mason on September 18, 1961, at Newark, New Castle County. Det. by A. B. Gurney. This is a new State record. (Burbutis). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations, up to 2 per linear foot on wheat in Perkins area; lighter on alfalfa in southeastern area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). Se Al(si8). LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Becoming more common in wheat and alfalfa in southwest, southeast and north central areas. @klay Coops Surely E MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A SCARAB (Ceratophyus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - This scarab which was reported for the first time in CEIR 12(7):85 has been nicknamed the "gopher beetle" in California because of the mounds thrown up from subterranean boring. Mounds are 2-5 inches high and 6 inches wide at the base. As many as 12 per square yard occur around the golf course at Vandenberg AFB in Santa Barbara County. Tunnels in the soil are smooth and well packed, going down 6 feet or more. Approximately 5,000 acres are heavily infested in spotty, general infestations of some 50,000 acres, an area of about 9 by 12 miles. Most mounds are in heavy brush with a few in turf and lawn areas. Apparently the beetle prefers undisturbed areas under scrub oaks and native brush. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SCARAB (Anomala nigropicta) - FLORIDA - Appeared in abundance throughout State from Miami to Jacksonville. Observed feeding on wisteria at dusk in Gainesville, Alachua County, and damaging foliage of grapefurit at Clearwater, Pinellas County. (lay Coophs Sur. Hebe) 15): A NITIDULID (Carpophilus melanopterus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected on June 28, 1958, by E. E. Simons at Feasterville, Bucks County; host not known. Det. by E. U. Balsbaugh. (Simons, Balsbaugh). This is first published record of species in State. However, C. melanopterus previously collected at West Grove, Chester County, July 6, 1952, but not published. C. melanopterus known to develop in flowers of Yucca filamentosa, where it mines petals and other floral parts. The range of C. melanopterus may be restricted by distribution of Y. filamentosa, but it probably occurs wherever Y. filamentosa is found. (Connell). RED-HEADED ASH BORER (Neoclytus acuminatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous adults present on February 23 at a lumber mill in McKean County (Adams); also reported in home locally in Allegheny County on February 14 and Cumberland County on February 25. (Pepper, Balsbaugh). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseudaletia Prodenia Agrotis Feltia unipuncta ornithogalli ipsilon subterranea FLORIDA Quincy 2/26 3 al 5 Gainesville 2/22 aL 2 } 37 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 2/19-25 U 6 is} 23 Charleston 2/26-3/4 9 6 ali 14 =) G6 iie— SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS —- 1961 (Continued from page 158) FRUIT INSECTS Deciduous Fruit Tree Insects Highlights: Like many other pests of fruits, CODLING MOTH was generally noneco- nomic during the 1961 season, with damage almost entirely limited to neglected or untreated orchards. This pest is expected to require major consideration during 1962 in Indiana and also poses a potential threat in Kansas and New Mexico, EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH populations were again high in Wisconsin, and flight of ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH was heavy in orchards in Indiana where complete control was not obtained in 1960, This pest was less important in Arkansas during 1961 than in 1960. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER populations were generally below average, but some damage did occur in several eastern areas. An unusually heavy brood of FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER appeared in Missouri. PEACH TREE BORER was heavy in many orchards in the Peach Belt of Georgia, resulting in considerable damage to peaches. General infestations of this pest were heavier in Georgia than during 1960 and heavier than in an average year. LESSER PEACH TREE BORER was a problem in several states, and WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER contin- ued to be a problem in Utah, Oregon and Washington, PEACH TWIG BORER caused more damage during 1961 in Utah than in any previous year, was the main insect pest of peaches in Colorado, and was damaging to peaches throughout New Mexico and California, PLUM CURCULIO was locally heavy in Texas, Oklahoma and Virginia and injury by the pest was somewhat higher than in 1960 in Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, APPLE APHID was a major problem in areas of New England and was abundant in areas of other states from Ohio to California. ROSY APPLE APHID, GREEN PEACH APHID, BLACK CHERRY APHID and WOOLLY APPLE APHID were also damaging and became a problem in certain areas. PEAR PSYLLA, in general, was a problem in untreated pear orchards in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, required considerable control in California, was more abundant and difficult to control in the Yakima Valley of Washington, and was particularly heavy on pears in the Moscow area of Latah County, Idaho, during July. SAN JOSE SCALE was extremely heavy in a number of apple orchards in four counties of New Mexico. APPLE MAGGOT was generally not troublesome in 1961. EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY was recorded for the first time in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and was more abundant than usual in Connecticut. PEAR-SLUG was especially heavy at Dundee and Albany, Oregon, and was particularly damaging to pear and cherry trees in many parts of southeastern Idaho. APPLE RUST MITE severely damaged pears for the first time in the Wenatchee River Valley of Washington during the 1961 season, ORCHARD MITES, generally, were not serious during 1961, although they were a problem in certain areas. FROCK ARR I AKA AK KA KK Light numbers of CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) were taken in bait traps in New Gloucester, Cumberland County, MAINE, First-brood activity was delayed 10 days beyond normal this season in Maine by weather conditions. Codling moth remained at low population levels throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE, and activity was down from previous years in VERMONT due to cool weather, However, emergence was prolonged in the latter State, resulting in a potential threat for several weeks, with high populations being present in some areas, Codling moth decreased from average population levels in eastern MASSACHUSETTS and was present in usual low abundance in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season. The Summer brood showed a definite increase in NEW YORK, but damage was negligible except in orchards where resistance to a chlorinated hydrocarbon appeared for the first time in the Hudson Valley. A hot summer aided development of the pest in the State. A generally cool, wet spring and early summer in NEW JERSEY = AGIs} = resulted in easier first-brood codling moth control in May and June. The second brood caused some damage in orchards in that State, where controls for first brood were not adequate. Codling moth caused injury in one or two orchards during September in DELAWARE when controls ceased in early August, but generally control was excellent where regular protection schedules were followed. Emer- gence in western MARYLAND was delayed by cold spring temperatures, and injury in well-treated orchards was extremely light. Codling moth was below average abun- dance in northern VIRGINIA during 1961. Codling moth infestations were generally severe in neglected and poorly treated orchards in MINNESOTA during 1961. Control was excellent in commercial orchards where applications began during the petal-fall stage. Second generation was controlled in Minnesota, with few new infestations observed during the latter part of the season. In WISCONSIN, several codling moth adults were caught in blacklight traps at Gays Millis, Crawford County, on May 31, but major first-—brood flight in that area occurred on June 5. Second-brood moths began emerging on July 21 in Dane County. Populations in Wisconsin were comparable to those of 1960. The spring brood of codling moth never developed to a serious extent in MICHIGAN, presumably because of cool nights. Low initial populations and a cool growing season combined to keep codling moth damage at a low level in OHIO throughout 1961. Codling moth is expected to need major consideration during 1962 in INDIANA, Torrential rains in the southern area of that State during late bloom resulted in a serious scab problem. The many lesions on the fruit provided easy entrance for young codling moth larvae, with the result that some orchards had 20 percent infestations in spite of control programs. In ILLINOIS, cool weather occurred after adults began to appear, thus lengthening the egg-laying period, but damage by codling moth was held to a normal amount. The first adult codling moth was taken in a trap in southeastern MISSOURI on May 15, but, in general, statewide infestations were very light and easily controlled. Second and partial third broods appeared, but both were extremely light and difficult to detect. Codling moth infestations in commercial orchards in KANSAS were light during 1961, with only occasional injury. Low initial populations, aided by cool weather and heavy rains, were Slow and late to develop. However, there is a potential for codling moth to cause injury during the 1962 season. Apples in unsprayed check plots in a well-treated orchard averaged 23.7 percent "wormy", while apples in an untreated orchard averaged 75 percent “wormy.'' In NEW MEXICO, "orchard run" apples ranged 20-80 percent infested with codling moth throughout the State. Frost killed a majority of the fruit in many areas of the State to the point where growers felt they could not afford to conduct necessary control programs. Control of codling moth on apples in COLORADO was exceptionally good during 1961, being 98-100 percent effective. There were some control failures reported in 3 counties during the latter part of the season, usually when growers were on an extended treatment schedule, such as 16-18 days. Control ranged 95-100 percent effective on pears, and some trouble with certain materi- als was experienced late in the season, Codling moth infestations in orchards in UTAH treated with a certain chlorinated hydrocarbon were as high as 30 percent or more, but infestation was less than 5 percent in orchards treated with certain phosphates. Untreated or poorly-treated orchards were often 100 percent “wormy.'' Early broods of codling moth were light in Utah, most infes- tations coming from late-season populations. Codling moth continued common to abundant in apple orchards throughout IDAHO, with moderate to heavy infestations restricted generally to neglected orchards. Second-generation larvae were reported entering fruit in the Emmett area, Gem County, on July 26. The pest was also reported infesting plums in the Moscow area of Latah County in late summer. Codling moth adults began emerging by May 10 in Jackson County, OREGON. First adults were caught in blacklight traps in Marion County on June 1, and in bait pans in Hood River on May 28. Damage to fruit in Oregon was almost entirely confinedto untreated orchards during the 1961 season. Continued moth activity in late August necessitated a fourth cover — 69 e— in the Willamette Valley. Codling moth populations in Yakima Valley orchards of WASHINGTON were slightly lower than normal during 1961, probably due to continuous cool weather during May. A partial third brood was produced in the Wenatchee area of Chelan County and populations were heavier than normal in a few orchards. Codling moth was generally light on apples and pears in CALI- FORNIA during 1961, with a few local heavy populations developing statewide. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) population decreased from average levels in CONNECTICUT in 1961, being very low in abundance as compared with 1960. Infestations in GEORGIA during this year were not as heavy as in 1960, very few reports of damage being received. General infestations in the State were less than for an average year. Oriental fruit moth was gener- ally light throughout OHIO, but commercial damage was encountered in some orchards in the Lake Erie fruit-growing belt. Excellent control of oriental fruit moth was obtained in commercial orchards in the Vincennes area of INDIANA, but spring-brood flight was heavy in orchards where complete control was not obtained in 1960. Very cool weather occurred in ILLINOIS after many oriental fruit moth adults had emerged, thus hindering egg laying and reducing popula- tions. The pest was well controlled in that State for the 1961 season. Oriental fruit moth was scarce or absent in MISSOURI early in the 1961 season. First laryae appeared in peach terminals in the southeastern area of the State on June 1, but populations were light all season. In ARKANSAS, the pest was less important than during 1960. Excellent control of oriental fruit moth was ob- tained in 2 orchards in the Wichita area of Sedgwick County, KANSAS, where 90 percent or more of the fruit was destroyed during 1960. One orchard, composed of late-maturing varieties, had nearly 50 percent of the fruit "wormy." In NEBRASKA, oriental fruit moth activity was common in Crete, Saline County, in June, Oriental fruit moth was spotty throughout western IDAHO during 1961, damaging 95 percent of the fruit in a small orchard near Parma, Canyon County, which had been damaged by frost in the spring. This pest required treatment in peach orchards in local areas of San Joaquin, Sutter, Butte and Stanislaus Counties, CALIFORNIA, during the 1961 season, and some fruit damage occurred. LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) was important for the second consecu- tive year in some orchards in INDIANA, with normal treatment schedules apparently exerting little control, but CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) was uncom- mon in UTAH during the 1961 season. Light to moderate infestations of EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) appeared in apple orchards in the Willamette Valley, OREGON, during April, with adult emergence beginning June 8, Larvae entered buds by May 26 in Door County, WISCONSIN, and adults were noted in cherry and apple in that county on June 28. Populations were again high in Wisconsin, compared with those of 1960. Eye- spotted bud moth appeared in 2 additional orchards not previously infested in the Champlain Valley of NEW YORK. Activity of this pest was lower than average in VERMONT and populations remained at low levels throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE during 1961. Infestations of eye-spotted bud moth were light in MAINE during the 1961 season, but were reported from numerous areas. Overwintering larvae were still in hibernation on May 10, and larvae of the summer generation were reported the week ending August 4 in Turner, Androscoggin County. UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) was present, but very light, during 1961 in ILLINOIS; however, one block of commercial apple trees was defoliated. There were no reports of this pest in MISSOURI during 1961, and it is presumed to be absent from the State. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) infestations were generally light in KANSAS, but increased late in the season, causing 12.6 percent injury to Jonathan apples in one orchard in Doniphan County. Large numbers of larvae in the leaves in October indicate potential injury in 1962. No infestations of this pest have been found on peaches in Kansas. Populations of red-banded leaf roller were very light in all generations in MISSOURI during 1961, although the third-generation population did increase slightly. Red-banded leaf roller was = iO R= present in southeastern MINNESOTA during 1961, but no serious damage was known to occur. Eggs of this pest began hatching June 3 in Door County, WISCONSIN, and a total of 78 adults was caught in blacklight traps at Gays Mills, Crawford County, from June 27 through July 2. First adults of the second generation were trapped in Door County on July 10, with 385 caught on the nights of July 25 and 26. Red-banded leaf roller populations were higher during 1961 than in 1960 in Wisconsin. Very cool weather occurred in ILLINOIS after many red-banded leaf roller moths had emerged, which hindered egg laying and reduced populations, The pest was well controlled for the 1961 season and injury was not serious in the southeastern part of the State. Red-banded leaf roller populations in INDIANA during 1961 were low and easily contained by regular control schedules, The pest was a local problem in a few areas of MICHIGAN during August, but, in general, was of little difficulty. Infestations in OHIO were generally light on apple, peach and plum, but light damage was noted in many apple orchards. Red-banded leaf roller was below average in abundance in northern VIRGINIA in 1961, but there was some damage to fruit by second-generation larvae in July. The third generation was sufficiently abundant in some orchards to stimulate controls during late August or early September. This pest caused less injury to apples in central Virginia than during the 1960 season. Damage by red-banded leaf roller was kept to a minimum in commercial orchards in western MARYLAND during 1961 by regular control measures, and the pest was never a problem in treated orchards in DELAWARE, Commercial damage by red-banded leaf roller was reported from southern Orange County, NEW YORK, possibly due to resistance to controls. Second brood was more active in the Champlain Valley than for the previous 2-3 years, damage being general but not heavy. Populations were generally at low levels in the Hudson Valley. Red-banded leaf roller was generally distributed in CONNECTICUT during 1961, second-brood injury being severe in Niantic, New London County, and in Southington, Hartford County. Red-banded leaf roller populations were low in MASSACHUSETTS, except in a few locations, and an unusual outbreak occurred in one orchard in Essex County. Activity of red-banded leaf roller was lower than average in VERMONT during 1961, and populations remained at low levels throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE, although an unusual outbreak on apples in the latter State was widely distributed. Light to moderate red-banded leaf roller infestations were present in various areas of MAINE during 1961, with moderate infestations being well controlled. The second brood hatched in early August in that State. FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) populations of average levels failed to develop as expected in the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK during the 1961 season, This leaf roller increased in several orchards in NEW JERSEY during 1960 and was evident in more orchards in 1961 from the central area northward. Where lead arsenate was the only insecticide used on apples in the petal-fall first-cover period, extensive damage was observed. When a phosphate was used before the first spray, control was satisfactory. Fruit-tree leaf roller was present in moderate numbers in neglected orchards in MINNESOTA. Eggs began hatching in Door County, WISCONSIN, on May 11, and were common during the fourth week of May. Second-generation adults were first trapped in Door County on July 10. Fruit-tree leaf roller, which has shown an increase during the past 3 years in ILLINOIS, was not found in the State during 1961. An unu- sual heavy brood of fruit-tree leaf roller appeared during late May in MISSOURI, being particularly noticeable in terminal foliage of young apple trees, although very few were found on treated trees. This was the heaviest brood of this pest in the State in many years, although a moderately heavy moth flight was recorded in 1960. Populations of fruit-tree leaf roller were much lower in apple orchards in Taos County, NEW MEXICO, during 1961 than in the previous 2 years, with only an occasional light infestation being found. OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceanus) larvae were common in orchards in Marion County, OREGON, beginning in late April, and adults appeared June 5. In COLORADO, undetermined LEAF ROLLER MOTHS were of little economic importance on apples where a treatment program was followed. Occasional damage to peach cy IL /aly fruit occurred, particularly in Mesa County, where injury by this group of pests was noted for the first time. An undetermined species of leaf roller was very abundant in 2 apple orchards in Albemarle County, VIRGINIA, from July to the end of the 1961 season. Most feeding was on the foliage, with injury to fruit not serious. An unusual outbreak of a complex of leaf rollers occurred in CONNEC- TICUT, due partly to weather. Infestation of PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) was heavy in many orchards in the Peach Belt of GEORGIA during 1961 and considerable damage to peach trees resulted. The general infestation was heavier than in 1960 and again heavier than an average year. Control of this pest is still the number one peach insect problem in Georgia. However, populations were extremely low during 1961 in western MARYLAND. Peach tree borer infestations were low in most commercial orchards in OHIO during 1961, relatively unimportant this season in INDIANA, and not serious in MISSOURI. Peach tree borer was less important on peaches in ARKANSAS, due to excellent control methods, and was well under control in most commercial orchards in KANSAS where treatments were applied. Borers did cause considerable damage to peach in nurseries in Kansas during 1961. Infestations of peach tree borer in Cochise County, ARIZONA, were light on peaches compared with 1960, and damage by this pest was general in stone-fruit orchards in UTAH. WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) was heavy in peaches, prunes and apricots in the lower portion of the Yakima Valley, WASHINGTON, and continued a serious pest in the growing areas of northern Willamette Valley and Milton-Freewater area of Umatilla County, OREGON. Populations of this pest were medium to heavy in home orchards in Siskiyou County, CALIFORNIA, and damage to stone fruits was general in UTAH during 1961. LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) infestations in the Peach Belt of GEORGIA appeared to be like those of 1960, which was somewhat less than in previous years. This may be partly due to less winter injury in 1960 and 1961. This pest was a problem in some areas of TEXAS during 1961, especially on young budded trees in Titus County, and was a problem in some orchards in MISSOURI. Lesser peach tree borer caused moderate to severe injury in a large number of orchards in INDIANA and was a serious problem in many OHIO orchards, particu- larly in those where soil type and drainage were problems. This pest increased in abundance and caused more damage in several sections of VIRGINIA during 1961, especially in eastern areas. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) infested peach suckers during mid-July in RHODE ISLAND, and an unusually abundant outbreak of GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) caused 10-15 percent damage in an orchard in Ulster County, NEW YORK. In TEXAS, a female of a NOCTUID (Psychomorpha epimenis) , was collected in Brazos County. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) was reported entering fruit in peach orchards in the Eugene area of Lane County, OREGON, August 10-15. Prunes were infested in Marion and Polk Counties, in all cases in uncared for orchards. Peach twig borer caused considerable damage to all deciduous fruit trees over CALIFORNIA this season, The problem persisted all year, requiring control, and in some locations fruit was damaged and required considerable culling. In UTAH, this pest caused more damage than during the preceding 6 years. Fruit injury was greatest to apricots, with general injury to twigs. Peach twig borer was the main insect pest of peaches in COLORADO, with overall damage estimated at 6 percent. Control measures were used,but usually after consider-, able damage had occurred. Peach twig borer also caused noticeable damage in : peach orchards throughout NEW MEXICO during 1961, Local infestations of NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) occurred on peach fruit in Stanislaus County, CALIFORNIA. In TEXAS, heavy infestations of LEAF CRUMPLER (Acrobasis indiginella) occurred on peach and cherry trees in the south central area; EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was moderate to severe on peach, plum, apricot and apple trees in central and western counties; and FALL i LTA WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) attacked persimmon trees in the eastern half of the State. Fall webworm was also more damaging than usual to apple and cherry in OHIO during the 1961 season. Larval populations of YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) were apparently more numerous in IDAHO during the 1961 season than in previous years, with reports of defoliation of apples in orchards near Emmett, Gem County, in late July. The pest attacked orchard trees in the Parma area, Canyon County, in early August and caused considerable damage to abandoned apple orchards in the Moscow area, Latah County, during mid-August. In CALIFORNIA, infestations of RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) were present on prune plantings in varying degrees from Merced County, northward, with young plantings being particularly damaged by defoliation. Also in California, WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) was medium locally on prunes in Yolo County. A LYONE - TIID (Bucculatrix pomifoliella) was more prevalent on apple foliage in abandoned orchards in northern areas of VIRGINIA than in recent years. An unusual outbreak of CANKERWORMS in CONNECTICUT, especially FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) , was attributed to weather. LEAF MINERS destroyed over 35 percent of leaf surface in 2 apple orchards and caused 40-60 percent reduction of leaf surface in several commercial orchards in VERMONT, and localized, heavy infestations of these pests occurred on apple in Westchester County, NEW YORK. Leaf miners were never a problem in treated orchards in DELAWARE during the season, but were prevalent in an untreated block of young apples. These pests were not a problem in the Vincennes area of INDIANA during 1961, nor in KANSAS. Damage by undetermined species of CUTWORMS was less than normal in orchards in Grand, Box Elder, Salt Lake, Utah and Weber Counties, UTAH, but the pests were rather a severe problem in the areas of Quincy, Grant County, and Rock Island, Douglas County, WASHINGTON, causing heavy destruction of buds and partial defoliation in young orchards. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) occurred in scattered, but locally heavy, populations in some peach-growing areas of TEXAS during 1961. Heavy populations of the pest were noted on plums and apricots in Payne County and on peaches in Marshall County, OKLAHOMA, with severe damage to peaches noted in localized areas of Oklahoma County. Populations of plum curculio affected more orchards and damaged more fruit during 1961 than in 1960 in ARKANSAS, but populations in MISSOURI appeared to be very light, with noticeable damage occurring only in a few isolated orchards, Injury by plum curculio was not severe in KANSAS, but was Slightly above that which occurred during 1960. Injury was readily found in one apple orchard and on isolated plum and peach trees in Doniphan County. In NORTH DAKOTA, injury was reported at Fargo, Cass County, during the season, Plum curculio was present in moderate numbers throughout MINNESOTA, but control was achieved in commercial orchards. This pest, not a major problem in commercial orchards in WISCONSIN, pupated in Door County by August 4. Cool weather occurred in ILLINOIS after plum curculio adults began to appear, which extended the egg- laying period, During 1961, more egg-laying injury occurred in Illinois than is usual, Injury by plum curculio was not severe in the Vincennes area of INDIANA during 1961, but increased when compared with that of 1960. Injury was notice- able in peaches in a few limited spots in commercial orchards in the area. In OHIO, populations of this pest were generally lighter than in 1960 in most commer- cial orchards, and adults emerged from hibernation about 2 weeks later than usual. Plum curculio infestations in peaches were comparatively light throughout the 1961 season, as was the case in 1960 in GEORGIA, neither year being as heavy as in 1958 and 1959. There were few reports of "worms" in harvested early peaches, the enforcement of control measures resulting in very good control throughout the season, The hibernating population of plum curculio in the Peach Belt during the winter of 1961-1962 was not greater than that of an average year. Plum curculio caused moderate damage to apples in northern areas of VIRGINIA during 1961 where appropriate controls were omitted early in the season, especially in the petal- fall spray and immediately thereafter. A large second generation developed in the central area of the State, and considerable injury to peach fruit occurred in - 173 - poorly treated orchards. The pest was unusually light in apple and peach orchards in western MARYLAND; however, some economic injury, apparently from the second brood, occurred on peaches in St. Marys County. In DELAWARE, plum curculio was never a problem in treated orchards during 1961. Adult emergence in NEW JERSEY was spread over a longer period than normal this season, due to a generally cool, wet spring and early summer. Plum curculio was generally at low levels in NEW YORK, which is the average condition in the Hudson Valley. Activity of this pest was lower than average in VERMONT, but it was moderately abundant throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE. Infestations and damage of plum curculio were generally light throughout MAINE during 1961, and some females were found cutting and depositing in mid-June. Severe damage occurred in one relatively localized area of York County, attributed to grower carelessness and a delayed activity period due to erratic temperature changes during oviposition. APPLE CURCULIO (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) appeared in a new location in the Champlain Valley of NEW YORK during 1961, and was present in the southeastern part of MINNESOTA. The pest created no serious problem in this latter area, and recommended controls were effective. PLUM GOUGER (Anthonomus scutellaris) severely damaged wild plum fruit at Columbus, Divide County, NORTH DAKOTA, and damaged plums in Sheridan and Prairie Counties, MONTANA, during the season. In NEW MEXICO, no adults, larvae or damaged fruit were found this season where the pest was a problem in native plums in the Rinconado area of Rio Arriba County during 1960. SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) was prevalent in GEORGIA during 1961 in devitalized, weak or diseased trees, in neglected peach orchards and those damaged by improper use of dormant sprays. There were no reports of serious damage by this pest in OHIO this year, but average damage to home orchards occurred in UTAH. Light to moderate populations of shot-hole borer occurred on prune and other deciduous fruit trees in many locations over CALIFORNIA this past seasan. Larvae of CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) caused root damage in some orchards to cherry and apple trees in Salt Lake, Utah and Davis Counties, UTAH. What was probably FLATHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) was responsible for killing approximately 35 percent of the trees in a 40-acre young prune orchard in Yamhill County, OREGON, with many of the remain- ing trees being injured, PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) caused medium to heavy damage to prune, cherry, peach and apple in many northern counties of CALIFORNIA this season, with young plantings severely damaged. Also in California, heavy populations of a LEAF BEETLE (Luperodes bivittatus) developed on peach in Oroville, Butte County, during May. GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) was present in midseason to late season in MISSOURI, causing some damage to ripening fruit. The population was heavier during 1961 than in the previous 2 years. In GEORGIA, heavy infestations of this pest were present on commercial peaches in the Athens area, Clarke County. Green June beetle usually attacks damaged fruit, but during 1961 the pest attacked firm fruit in this latter area. Also in Georgia, infestations of JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) were heavy on several crops in the Dahlonega area of Lumpkin County. This scarab was very abundant throughout VIRGINIA during 1961, with damage to fruit trees reported in many localities. The pest was extremely abun- dant and damaging in Wythe County. APHID infestations on fruit were variable over the Nation during the 1961 season, Aphids were particularly numerous and persisted over a long period of time in CALIFORNIA this season, with spotted, medium to heavy populations occurring on prune, pear, plum and cherry in most of the northern half of the State; and were present on fruit in greater-than-normal numbers in NEVADA, An APHID (Anuraphis helichrysi) was heavy locally on plum and prune in Butte County, CALIFORNIA, and was reported common on plums throughout much of southeastern IDAHO during late June. Aphids caused light to moderate damage in MINNESOTA, and populations on apples in MARYLAND were generally light, but various species were more abundant than usual in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, eA APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) colony numbers and size began increasing in MAINE during mid-June and reached serious levels by the end of the month. Substantial leaf curling was evident in most areas of the State by July 7 in untreated or poorly sprayed orchards. Vigorous tree growth into late July afforded excellent condi-. tions for population increases of this aphid. An unusual outbreak of apple aphid occurred in orchards in NEW HAMPSHIRE, heavy pruning stimulating vigorous shoot growth in trees, which created favorable conditions for aphid development. Apple aphid was also unusually abundant and required special treatments in many commer- cial orchards in New Hampshire during 1961. This aphid was also a problem in VERMONT in late June. An unusual outbreak of apple aphid in CONNECTICUT was due partly to weather conditions, and there was some midseason buildup in the Hancock area of Washington County, MARYLAND, on apples. Damage by apple aphid was generally light in OHIO during 1961, but was noted in practically all apple orchards, even into September, and colonies were abundant during the early part of the season in the Vincennes area of INDIANA. Moderate numbers of overwintering eggs of apple aphid were present in ILLINOIS, but a long, cool season after hatching favored increase before natural and chemical controls were effective... Some widespread light damage did occur before controls were applied. Apple aphid was abundant in MISSOURI in the early spring, and continued troublesome all through the 1961 season. Colonies of this aphid were abundant during the early spring and in September in KANSAS, but damage was light. Apple aphid was plentiful during the 1961 season in WISCONSIN and caused some economic injury in areas where it was not controlled. Apple aphid was damaging at many locations in UTAH, and was common to abundant in many western areas of IDAHO, with population levels highest during May and June. The pest was particu- larly abundant in neglected orchards in the southwestern area of the State during the same period. Apple aphid caused light to heavy damage during May and June in Sonoma and Calaveras Counties, CALIFORNIA, ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) was generally light in Butte and Sonoma Counties, medium in Santa Cruz County, and heavy in Napa County, on apples, in CALIFORNIA. The pest was much more abundant, widespread and damaging in UTAH than in 1960, and was the most damaging pest of apples in COLORADO during 1961, where it caused 3-4 percent loss of the crop. Populations in Colorado were as high as 30-50 colonies per tree early in the season, with most controls being applied after considerable damage had occurred. Rosy apple aphid was found in practically all orchards in KANSAS, populations being high and damage occurring in the form of curled leaves and stunted apples where control measures were not applied. Moderate numbers of overwintering eggs of rosy apple aphid were present in ILLINOIS. A long, cool season after hatching permitted an increase before natural or chemical controls were effective. Some widespread, light damage did occur before these controls were applied. Rosy apple aphid appeared in relatively large numbers for the second consecutive year in INDIANA where control measures were marginal, and damage to fruit was frequently noted in OHIO, but was below average this season. This aphid was more abundant than usual in PENNSYLVANIA, but natural and cultural controls reduced populations to a nondamaging level. Rosy apple aphid was a threat to fruit early in the season in northern VIRGINIA, but was controlled by appropriate treatment whether before bloom or in the petal-—- fall application, Damage to untreated trees ranged from light to severe in 1961. The pest was not severe this season in CONNECTICUT, Light populations of APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) developed on apples in early May at South Kingstown, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, and very light infestations were present on apple buds in OHIO in early season. Apple grain aphid was abundant during early spring in MISSOURI, but was of little economic importance on apple in COLORADO where a regular treatment program was followed. coi IETS) a GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) occurred in light populations on peach and apple trees in CALIFORNIA, but was a problem on peaches throughout NEW MEXICO during the 1961 season. This. aphid was noted in early surveys and was a threat to peaches in COLORADO, but, due to extensive dormant and delayed-dormant sprays, the pest was well controlled. Green peach aphid was generally common, though seldom abundant, throughout IDAHO during the past season. BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) was common in untreated hosts during early June in RHODE ISLAND, and was the most destructive pest of sweet cherries in COLORADO. losses were estimated at 5-8 percent in the latter State, but controls were effective when begun early, main damage occurring when growers were late with treatment. In CALIFORNIA, black cherry aphid was medium to heavy on cherry trees during May in Marin and Alameda Counties, and locally light in other areas of the State. WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) built up to unusually heavy levels in apple orchards in Rio Arriba, Sandoval and Bernalillo Counties, NEW MEXICO, during the summer months of 1961, and light infestations of this pest occurred on apples in Graham and Greenlee Counties, ARIZONA, during April, May and June. Woolly apple aphid was a problem in Marin and Santa Cruz Counties, CALIFORNIA, during 1961, and became quite common on dooryard apple and on pyracantha shrubs. Woolly apple aphid was also damaging in many locations in UTAH during 1961. Fall flights were extremely heavy in the Moscow area of Latah County, IDAHO, during mid-October. Also in Idaho, infestations of MEALY PLUM APHID (Hylopterus pruni) were general in prune orchards near Moscow, Latah County, during early June,and the pest was numerous on prunes in many orchards throughout the southwestern part of the State during the same period. Infestations of mealy plum aphid were gen- eral on prunes in Santa Clara County, CALIFORNIA, with heaviest infestations occurring where dormant spray was omitted. CATFACING INSECTS were about normal in CONNECTICUT during 1961, but damage was high in most orchards in the Vincennes area of INDIANA where improved controls are needed. Catfacing on peaches was about normal in ILLINOIS, as well as in orchards in UTAH, during the season. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was abundant and caused some catfacing in several peach orchards in the Salisbury area of Wicomico County, MARYLAND, during the summer, and was present in most orchards in OHIO; but no serious infestations were reported in the latter State. PLANT BUGS were abundant early in the 1961 season on peaches in PENNSYLVANIA, but treatments prevented any damage. Various species of the genera Acrosternum, Euschistus, Leptoglossus-and Lygus were more than ordinarily troublesome in MISSOURI, especially in the latter part of May. GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) and several species of Euschistus caused severe catfacing of peaches in INDIANA, with some infestations of Euschistus spp. as high as 45 percent in border rows. Deformed and gnarled peaches, caused by COREID BUGS and STINK BUGS, were not abundant in GEORGIA during 1961. This may have been due to the special con- trols for sucking bugs used in the early spray season, which were prompted by the heavy infestations of 1959. Damage to ripe fruit in UTAH by BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was normal during 1961 in Cache, Salt Lake and southern Utah Counties. In CALIFORNIA, a COREID BUG (Leptocoris rubrolineatus) damaged pears in Mendocino County, and SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) damaged peaches in San Joaquin County. Also in California, heavy populations of another STINK BUG (Euschistus conspersus) developed in untreated peach orchards in the Gridley area of Butte County and were light on peaches in Yolo County; and a LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus sp.) was of considerable concern to homeowners, on deciduous fruits,in many locations of the State. LEAFHOPPERS varied from numerous to damaging in home apple, plum and prune orchards in UTAH, and, although no serious infestations of these pests were reported in OHIO, APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca maligna) was observed more frequently during 1961 than in recent years. BUFFALO TREEHOPPER (Stictocephala bubalus) populations were up during late August in VERMONT, and large numbers of the pest were present this season in WISCONSIN, damaging many fruit trees by ovipositing in small twigs. In CALIFORNIA, buffalo treehopper was particularly heavy on pear trees in La Grange, Stanislaus County, but was not a problem in other areas of the State. PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) appeared ale Omn in the general areas predicted in VIRGINIA this season. The most extensive out-— breaks occurred in Bedford, Botetourt and Rockbridge Counties and the pest was also detected in Augusta, Page, Bath, Alleghany, Shenandoah and Rockingham Counties. Hot, dry weather, causing honeydew crystallization, destroyed many PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) nymphs in the Wenatchee area of Chelan County, WASHINGTON. Control with one of the newer phosphates was good. The pest was more abundant in orchards and more difficult to control in the Yakima Valley during 1961. A high resistance to all materials tested developed in a locality near Yakima, Yakima County, by early August. Heavy infestations of pear psylla nymphs were present in Clark County by mid-June and a severe honeydew problem existed where controls were inadequate. In OREGON, earliest first-brood nymphs of pear psylla were taken in Medford, Jackson County, on May 2, and by May 8 they were trans- forming to adults. Populations built up in untreated orchards near Medford in July, with control difficult in tree centers where foliage was unusually thick this season. In general, pear psylla was a problem in untreated orchards in the Willamette Valley. Pear psylla now occurs in 29 counties in CALIFORNIA, and during the 1961 season populations varied from light to heavy, with con- siderable controls being required. Infestations of pear psylla were particu- larly heavy on pears in the Moscow area of Latah County, IDAHO, during July, and the pest was most abundant in CONNECTICUT, in New Haven and Litchfield Counties, being very common in home orchards. Summer hatch of APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) was underway by early June in MAINE, and, for the most part, infestations were light throughout the State. Natural reduction has returned this pest to normal levels. Populations of apple mealybug were on the decline in NEW HAMPSHIRE, even where only partial control measures were practiced, and were unchanged in VERMONT from those of 1960. There was no evidence of apple mealybug in a NEW YORK orchard during 1961 where it was discovered for the first time in 1960. Undetermined MEALYBUGS occurred on pears in Santa Clara County, CALIFORNIA. Of the several SCALE INSECTS causing concern during 1961, the most frequently reported was SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus). Extremely heavy infesta-— tions occurred in a number of apple orchards in Bernalillo, Sandoval, Rio Arriba and San Juan Counties, NEW MEXICO, during 1961, and the pest is present to some degree in all fruit-growing areas in the State. In CALIFORNIA, there was consi- derable variation of San Jose scale on deciduous fruit trees in the State, with some infestations persisting even though dormant treatment was applied. First crawlers of San Jose scale appeared in WASHINGTON on cherries in late June, and the species was more generally distributed in Wenatchee area, Chelan County, than usual, with moderate to severe damage. This scale insect caused an estimated S-percent loss of fruit in Jackson County, OREGON, and was occasionally damaging in several scattered areas of UTAH this season. In WISCONSIN, an infestation was noted in a commercial apple orchard in Sauk County, and the pest was preva- lent on fruit trees in southeastern counties. San Jose scale was again extremely light in most orchards in the Vincennes area of INDIANA, much lighter than 10 years ago; however, the pest built up in a test orchard used for replicated spray experiments. Reasons for this increase were not apparent. Infestations of San Jose scale continued light in KANSAS during 1961, although there was a slight increase. The general infestation of San Jose scale in GEORGIA during 1961 was like that of the last 2 years, which was less than that in 1958 or that of an average year. No live specimen was found 4.5 to 7 weeks after the last of 5 applications of a phosphate was applied during the 1961 peach-growing season for the control of plum curculio. Populations of this scale insect were low in commercial orchards in CONNECTICUT this season, but were common in home orchards, FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) caused concern in only one or two orchards in MISSOURI during the 1961 season, chemical control being very effective. Infesta- tions continued extremely light in most orchards in the Vincennes area of INDIANA, and were much lighter than 10 years ago. Infestations of another SCALE INSECT SONU (Aspidiotus sp., near pedilanthi) were heavy on apple trees locally in Floyd County, TEXAS, OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) appeared as a problem in MINNESOTA only in neglected orchards during 1961. Infestations of WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) were heavy on peach trees in the Houston area of Harris County, TEXAS, and on scattered trees in several commercial peach orchards in Dooly, Peach and Crawford Counties, GEORGIA. Medium infestations of ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) occurred locally on pears in Santa Cruz County, CALIFORNIA, and populations of OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) were present on peach, plum and nectarines in the lower San Joaquin Valley of the same State. There were also a few increases of infestations on peach in the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County. In other counties of California where olive scale occurs, most infestations are highly local and usually associated with ornamentals. Parasite liberation has resulted in these beneficial insects becoming established and resulting in excellent control in many locations. Moderate to heavy populations of EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) damaged peach and plum trees in several west central counties of TEXAS, and TERRAPIN SCALE (Lecanium nigrofasciatum) caused concern in only one or two orchards in MISSOURI during 1961, as chemical controls were very effective. A SOFT SCALE (Lecanium sp.) was unusually abundant on prunes in orchards in the Willamette Valley and in Douglas County, OREGON, with some controls being applied. Initial emergence of APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) was delayed to July 14 in MAINE, the latest date during a 29-year record in the State. Peak emergence was reached July 25, and a rapid decrease in early August was followed by a small emergence into September, the last fly being recovered on October 5, Emergence began early in NEW HAMPSHIRE, then declined, with a light emergence for the remainder of the year; occurred in VERMONT from mid-July on, adults still ovi- positing on October 23. Fewer adults of apple maggot were observed during September in MASSACHUSETTS than have been seen during the past several years, and appearance of the pest was late in RHODE ISLAND, but was normal for the remainder of the season. Abundance of apple maggot was above normal in some areas of CONNECTICUT during 1961 and was very common in home orchards. Activity of this pest was considerably heavier during 1961 in NEW YORK, with various apple varieties attacked in several orchards in the Champlain Valley. Populations of this fly were generally at low levels in the Hudson Valley. In a few orchards in PENNSYLVANIA, where treatments for apple maggot were neglected, some loss occurred during 1961. As usual, apple maggot severely infested untreated or poorly treated orchards in OHIO during the year, Infested fruit was noted in some commercial plantings, and flies were taken in cages from July 7 to August 9 and in traps from July 1 to September 8, Second-brood flies were collected in Ohio September 22-26. No survey was conducted during 1961 in the northern area of INDIANA where apple Maggot is present. Sticky-board traps distributed in a number of orchards in WISCONSIN indicated that a relatively high apple maggot population existed, but extended over a shorter period than during the 1960 season. Emergence began July 7 in Door County and ended in mid-August in Winnebago County. However, the main emergence was short in duration in most areas by the end of the month. Emergence traps were first placed in major orchard areas of MINNESOTA on July 29-30 and were replaced at 2-week intervals until September 1. The majority of traps were located in neglected or poorly treated orchards. First adults of apple maggot were caught July 11 at La Crescent, Houston County, and at Rochester, Olmsted County. Emergence of new flies continued at a relatively slow rate until mid-August when the largest population occurred, but adults were present in orchards until October 10. Although these traps do not necessarily present a true picture of the total number of flies present in an orchard, they do indi- cate the presence or absence of adults. Populations in 1961 appeared to be generally lower than during the previous 5 years, which was somewhat unexpected, in view of the fact that high populations had occurred previously and weather conditions for emergence appeared good this season. Despite lower populations, = 178 - however, neglected orchards had 100 percent of apples infested. Heavy apple maggot populations severely damaged apple fruit in several home and commercial orchards in eastern sections of NORTH DAKOTA, and infestations were general and moderate to severe in noncommercial plantings in northeastern areas of NEBRASKA during the 1961 season, Adults of a CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) first emerged in OREGON on May 21 at The Dalles, May 28 at Hood River and June 2 in the Willamette Valley. However, no fruit loss was reported in commercial orchards in the State during the 1961 season. PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) was common in apple and pear orchards in central Utah during the spring of 1961, and heavy infestations of another THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) were present on apples in Graham and Coconino Counties, ARIZONA, during the same period. Undetermined THRIPS were very numer- ous during a good portion of 1961 in CALIFORNIA, with light infestations deve- loping on prunes, nectarines and apricots in all commercial growing areas, but damage was probably less than during 1960. Adults of EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) were observed visiting apple blooms during late May in the Ashway area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. An unusual outbreak of this hymenopteron in CONNECTICUT was due partly to weather. The pest was more abundant than usual in the State during 1961 and activity was stimulated by hot days during the bloom period. European apple sawfly increased its range in Middlesex, Essex, Worcester and Franklin Counties, MASSACHUSETTS, and was recorded for the first time in Berkshire County during the 1961 season, The pest was found throughout Ulster and southern Columbia Counties, NEW YORK, representing a renewed northward spread in the Hudson Valley, but was unusually light in Westchester County. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) attacked many orchards in the Willamette Valley of OREGON during 1961, with especially heavy infestations reported from Dundee and Albany. Untreated and nonbearing young cherry and pear trees were also often damaged. This pest was common in many southern areas of IDAHO during late July and early August, and was particularly damaging to some cherry orchards in the Nampa area, Canyon County, and to pear and cherry trees in many parts of the southeast section of the State. Pear-slug caused about average damage to cherry, pear and plum foli- age in UTAH during the season. The pest infested prune, pear and cherry plantings in northern counties of CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season. Spotted, heavy papu- lations, probably pear-slug, caused considerable damage to cherry foliage in Rio Arriba and Mora Counties, NEW MEXICO. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) caused heavy damage to peaches in the Manteca area, San Joaquin County, and was genrally damaging to dooryard fruits in many areas of northern CALIFORNIA; and a SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oceanthus sp.) caused light medium, spotted damage to peach plantings in the Antelope Valley of Los Angeles County, California. SPIDER MITE populations ranged from light to heavy during 1961 in the United States depending on weather conditions in particular areas, and damage was occaSionally severe. Infestations in peach orchards in the Peach Belt of GEORGIA were fewer during the 1961 season than in 1960, with controls required in only a very few instances, EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) caused serious defoliation and "transpira- tion burn" of pears in Yakima and Wenatchee areas of WASHINGTON during the early summer, Lack of, or improper use of, chemical controls; hot, dry weather during June and July; and increasing resistance to various miticides contributed to heavy damage during 1961. Light populations of European red mite appeared early in ~ 1961 in CALIFORNIA but remained static until summer, when rapid buildup and severe damage occurred. Plums, pears and apples from Santa Barbara County north suffered varying degrees of damage and, because a great range of ornamentals were also attacked, control in commercial plantings was a problem until the occurrence of cold weather and rain. The pest was well below normal in UTAH this season, and moderate infestations occurred on nursery stock at 2 eastern wel Oun— locations in NORTH DAKOTA, European red mite caused no serious damage in MINNESOTA. Eggs of European red mite began hatching in Door County, WISCONSIN, by June 2 and began increasing rapidly during July, with large populations being noted in Milwaukee, Bayfield and Door Counties, Light infestations of this mite occurred in northeastern KANSAS with some population increase noted in September and October, but there was no problem during 1961. European red mite threatened to be a serious problem in MISSOURI during the early part of the 1961 season, but the situation rapidly deteriorated and never became of any serious conse- quence. European red mite was average for the season in ILLINOIS. Growers who were aware of the problem and attempted controls generally had good results. First indications of resistance of this species to acaricides in Illinois began to appear during the 1961 season. Population development was delayed in INDIANA due to a cool, moist spring. European red mite developed and maintained a heavy fall population pressure in the State into October and during the fruit season required treatment, even on peaches, at 5 to 7-day intervals. European red mite was the number one pest of apple orchards in OHIO during 1961. However, numerous growers had good season control, and it was interesting to note that most growers used early season treatments of oil or other miticides applied before blossoming. This was followed by a schedule that included frequent sprays of miticides applied in 2 successive applications in late July or August. Growers who omitted the early controls were frequently in difficulty. Abnormally cool weather during the summer retarded buildup of populations on peaches until mid-September, when most of the fruit had been harvested. European red mite populations did not build up sufficiently through the early part of the season to cause apparent foliage damage in commercial orchards in the northern area of VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. Populations of this mite were light on apples in western MARYLAND in early season, but increased considerably by midsummer. Infestations on fruit in all sections of the State were above normal during the past season. Generally, excellent control of European red mite was obtained in DELAWARE by following a regular protection schedule, and the pest was a problem in only a few orchards in late summer. European red mite became somewhat of a problem during August in PENNSYLVANIA; however, little difficulty in control was experienced, except in areas where resistance is established. A generally cool, wet spring and early summer in NEW JERSEY resulted in easier control of this mite during May and June, and the population in CONNECTICUT decreased from average levels during 1961. An unusual outbreak of European red mite occurred during August and September in MASSACHUSETTS this season, prolonged heat and drought during August being favor- able for development. Populations of this mite were also extremely abundant during August in the eastern area of the State, even where reasonably good con- trol measures were applied. European red mite populations in VERMONT were aver- age, and caused local bronzing; and the pest was present in normal numbers in NEW HAMPSHIRE during the 1961 season. Overwintering eggs of this mite were generally light throughout,MAINE in 1961, and summer eggs were found in the Monmouth area of Kennebec County in early June, with hatching underway by June 9. Some injury was evident in late June on apples in scattered locales, Populations of European red mite were normal throughout July in Maine, with heavy egg buildup in late July and early August. Activity continued through August, with heavy populations found on untreated and poorly treated blocks. Populations were moderate to heavy in the Auburn area of Androscoggin County and the Cumberland area of Cumberland County. An unusual outbreak of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) occurred late in the 1961 season in MAINE, and populations built up rapidly and required special treatments in NEW HAMPSHIRE during August. Populations of this mite were average in VERMONT, but caused bronzing locally. Two-spotted spider mite was unusually abundant in eastern MASSACHUSETTS as a result of prolonged heat and drought during August, even where reasonably good control measures were applied. Populations of this mite decreased from average levels in CONNECTICUT, = ANE}0) but were especially abundant in late August and September. Two-spotted spider mite was generally scarce in the Champlain Valley of NEW YORK, and a substantial buildup occurred in only one orchard in Clinton County during the 1961 season. Mites were numerous all through the summer on ground cover, but remained there due to the lush growth. : Two-spotted spider mite was prevalent in many orchards in KENTUCKY from July on, with controls being extremely difficult. Population development in INDIANA was delayed due to a cool, moist spring, but the pest developed and maintained a heavy fall population pressure into late October, and during the fruit season required treatment at 5 to 7-day intervals, even on peaches. In ILLINOIS, more infestations of two-spotted spider mite were reported during 1961, accompanied by drought situations, than were experienced during the past several years. This mite appeared late in MISSOURI and was never of serious consequence during the 1961 season. A Slight discoloration of leaves was noted in one orchard in KANSAS during September, where a control program used throughout the season did not include an acaricide. Two-spotted spider mite was not a pest in most orchards in Kansas during 1961, but some bronzing of peach foliage occurred in the Wichita area of Sedgwick County during September and October, after harvest. Two-spotted spider mite was kept well under control on apples in all areas of COLORADO during the 1961 season with the use of miticides. Cool weather retarded development of this mite late in the season, with few controls needed on peaches and being good on pears. Two-spotted spider mite caused no serious damage in well managed orchards in MINNESOTA during 1961, but moderate infestations did occur in nursery stock at 2 locations in eastern NORTH DAKOTA, A heavy buildup of two=spotted spider mite developed at first cover on pears in the Medford area of OREGON, the earliest in several years in that State. Medium to heavy populations of two-spotted spider mite occurred on deciduous fruit trees during July in CALIFORNIA and continued late into the year. Unusually high temperatures and drying winds caused severe damage before growers were aware of heavy infestations, and too late to treat. Dooryard plantings were severely damaged, causing loss of fruit, heavy defolia- tion and the occasional loss of a tree. Heavy populations of PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus pacificus) developed in all areas of CALIFORNIA during July and August on apple, peach and pear. Infestations were quite spotted and required more than normal control, FOUR-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus canadensis) was not numerous in orchards in INDIANA during the 1961 season, although it was present in some instances. The principal area of activity in the State continued to be along the Mississippi River and in the southern portion of the State. Winter survival of this mite in ILLINOIS was very high with damage appearing early in the season, but the pest was generally controlled in the State. The principal area of activity of four- spotted spider mite in MISSOURI during 1961 continued to be along the Mississippi River, similar to that in Indiana, and was in the western portion of TENNESSEE, Heavy infestations of a FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) appeared on apples in Broadwater County, MONTANA. Controls were used in a few instances on peaches in COLORADO, but populations were at low levels on pears, and the pest was below average in numbers in orchards in UTAH this season, but above during 1960. This fruit-tree mite was a problem on apple and peach trees throughout NEW MEXICO during the 1961 season. Damage to foliage was especially severe in areas where frost killed fruit, and no attempt was made to control this pest. Eggs began hatching in Otero and Lincoln Counties the first week of April and 1-2 weeks later in northern counties. This fruit-tree mite was active on pear, peach and prune in Napa, Yolo, San Bernardino, Butte and San Joaquin Counties, CALIFORNIA, from January to June, but was generally light in occurrence. Other hosts serve as reservoirs for infestations in deciduous plantings. —pelSelin— SPIDER MITES were present on fruit in greater than normal numbers in NEVADA during 1961 and commonly damaged apple and pear orchards in UTAH. Populations of spider mites were held back somewhat in MARYLAND by a late spring, but by midsummer were heavy on apples in all sections. Tetranychus spp. developed moderate numbers in only a few locations in northern VIRGINIA during the season, and all mites were less abundant and easier to control in the central area of the State than during the past 2 seasons. Tetranychus mcdanieli infested cherries during April in the Wenatchee area of Chelan County,WASHINGTON, and became the most troublesome pest of apples by July, with severe damage in all central apple districts by August. The first record of resistance of this mite to certain acaricides,on cherry, occurred during 1961 in this State. T. mcdanieli was highly injurious to many apple and sour cherry orchards in UTAH this season, particularly in Weber, Salt Lake and Box Elder Counties. Spider mite damage throughout the State was conspicuous, but late, especially in apple and pear orchards. T. mcdanieli appeared in 2 additional orchards in the Champlain Valley of NEW YORK during the 1961 season. ERIOPHYID MITES were also of some concern in orchards during the 1961 season, These pests infested foliage near Peru, Clinton County, in the Champlain Valley of NEW YORK, bronzing foliage before spider mites became troublesome. Eriophyid mite injury was generally above average in orchards in UTAH during 1961, and the pests were the common cause of leaf galls on plums throughout the south central portion of MONTANA. PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) increased on apple in Westchester County, NEW YORK, but populations on pears in COLORADO were at a low level during the 1961 season. This mite, along with other species of Eriophyes, was normally damaging in a limited number of orchards in Weber, Juab, Salt Lake and Utah Counties and elsewhere in home orchards in UTAH during 1961, and attacked apples in Mineral and Flathead Counties, MONTANA. Pear leaf blister mite was light in many areas of IDAHO during the season and was more prevalent in Bart- lett pear orchards in WASHINGTON than for several years, being especially serious on new plantings in the Columbia Basin because of the lack of use of effective post-harvest and delayed-dormant sprays. Local infestations of pear leaf blister mite developed on pears in CALIFORNIA this season, but this erio- phyid was probably lower in population density than it has been in past years. PEACH SILVER MITE (Aculus cornutus) populations were average to above average in orchards in UTAH during the past season, and few controls were needed against the pest on peaches in COLORADO, The first record of APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) seriously damaging pears and russeting foliage in WASHINGTON, especially young pear terminals in the Wenatchee River Valley, was made during the 1961 season. The pest was very abundant and injurious by early June on apple, persisting into July in some Wenatchee area orchards, and was unusually abundant during mid-July in the Yakima area, Yakima County, but was controlled. PLUM RUST MITE (Aculus fockeui) caused serious damage in 2 prune orchards in Marion County, OREGON, during July. Also in Oregon, PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) caused russeting of leaves and fruits in pear orchards where delayed- dormant sprays were omitted in Hood River County, and was troublesome for the first time in several years in Jackson County, Oregon. Nut Tree Insects Highlights; FALL WEBWORM was heavy on pecan and walnut in many areas of Oklahoma and caused more damage than usual in Kansas during 1961. PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER and PECAN NUT CASEBEARER were moderate to heavy on pecan in central and southern Alabama, and the latter pest was damaging in areas of Oklahoma and Texas. A tortricid, Archips rosana, continued damaging to filberts in Oregon, and PHYLLOXERAS were heavy on pecan in some areas of Texas and Oklahoma, FILBERT BUD MITE was more abundant than usual in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. FO OC IO I IARI AK RIK aK = 182) = FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) infestations ranged light to heavy in GEORGIA during the 1961 season, but were lighter than an average year. Infestations of this pest were moderate to heavy on pecan and walnut in many areas of OKLAHOMA, with complete defoliation of trees in isolated areas common in the eastern third of the State. Populations were heavier in some areas of Oklahoma than in the past several years. Fall webworm caused more damage than usual in KANSAS, especially on nonbearing or unsprayed trees, WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) caused a limited amount of damage to nut trees in OKLAHOMA this season, and Datana sp. attacked pecan and walnut trees in the eastern half of TEXAS. RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) was present to varying degrees on walnuts in CALIFORNIA from Merced County, northward, with young plantings being particularly damaged by defoliation. PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) and PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (A. caryae) infestations were moderate to heavy on pecans in ALABAMA during the 1961 season, particularly throughout the central and southern areas of the State. Pecan leaf casebearer was common on pecan trees in central and south central TEXAS during the season. Most infestations of this pest in GEORGIA were light, lighter than in 1959, when some trees were 80 percent defoliated. February examination of buds in Georgia indicated 20-50 percent with hiberniculae. A heavy infestation of pecan leaf casebearer occurred on pecan trees at one locality in Isle of Wight County, VIRGINIA, during 1961. Pecan nut casebearer was light to moderate on pecans in GEORGIA this season, with heaviest infestations occurring in the southern tier of counties. However, some infestations occurred in areas around Waynesboro, Burke County. The second generation of pecan nut casebearer caused unusually heavy pecan losses in the central area of TEXAS, Damaging populations were common in most pecan=producing areas of OKLAHOMA, wi with up to 70 percent of nut clusters showing some damage in Tillman County. Other counts ranged 1-28 percent damage in the north central, south central and southeast areas of Okla- homa, In NEW MEXICO, damage by pecan nut casebearer in the Carlsbad area of Eddy County was lighter this season than in the past 2 years, except for an area along the Pecos River. Controls by homeowners had only good to fair results. Also in the Carlsbad area, larvae of another PHYCITID (Acrobasis caryivorella) damaged terminals of young pecan trees during the spring. NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitellla) infestations were variable in almonds and walnuts in Butte, Sutter, Merced and Kings Counties, CALIFORNIA. The infes- tation of harvested nuts has been a major problem for the past few years in California. Medium to heavy populations of WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) occurred in almonds in Yolo County, and PEACH TWIG MOTH (Anarsia lineatella) caused a great deal of damage to almonds over California this year, the problem persisting all year and requiring control. AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) appeared in nut trees in Washington County, UTAH, and, although this pest damaged pecan at Toquerville during 1959, no check was made in this area during the 1961 season. Infestations of CIGAR CASEBEARER (Coleophora serratella) were general in the southern area of GEORGIA during 1961, but little defoliation occurred. HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia ¢: caryana) caused some heavy pecan drop in isolated groves in many areas of OKLAHOMA, with losses estimated up to 50 percent in some groves. Control of FILBERTWORM (M Me lissopus latiferreanus) appears to have been excellent in OREGON during 1961. Adults first appeared July 3 at Eugene, Lane County, in a blacklight trap, and a few days later appeared in Benton and Washington Counties. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was generally light on walnuts in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season, but a few local, heavy populations did occur. A TORTRICID (Archips rosana) continued to cause considerable foliage damage to filberts in OREGON during 1961. Fruit set is decreased where controls are not undertaken, and it is not unusual to see 50 percent or more of the leaves curled in April and May. = l8i3i-— PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) was reported in all pecan-producing areas of OKLAHOMA during the 1961 season, with only light numbers observed in most cases, and APPLE TWIG BORER (Amphicerus bicaudatus) infested pecan twigs in the west central area of TEXAS. Moderate to heavy populations of SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) occurred on almond in many locations over CALIFORNIA, and heavy popu- lations of a LEAF BEETLE (Luperodes bivittatus) developed on almond trees in Oroville, Butte County, during May. APHIDS were of some concern on nuts during the 1961 season, BLACK-—MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) caused limited damage to nut trees in OKLAHOMA, and infesta- tions on pecans in ARIZONA were heavy in Graham County during the summer and in central and southwestern areas of the State during the fall. Populations of WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) varied considerably in walnut-growing areas of CALIFORNIA, with medium to heavy numbers present in local areas from May through September, Attacks of Monellia sp. on pecans in localized areas of TEXAS were followed by growth of sooty mold. Various aphids were light to moder- ate on English walnuts in Salt Lake, Weber, Davis, Utah and Washington Counties, UTAH, and were usually moderate in numbers elsewhere in the State on nut trees. Anuraphis helichrysi was also damaging in many locations in Utah during the 1961 season. In OREGON, counts of Myzocallis coryli averaged 10 per leaf in filbert orchards checked on May 17. Increase was slow in development and was terminated by a period of extremely high temperatures in July and August. A rapid increase occurred in August and continued until October. Few orchards in the State are treated specifically for this aphid, but treatments for filbertworm are now effective for this aphid species. Infestations of PLANT BUGS were general on pecan in GEORGIA from Athens, Clarke County, southward, at about the time nuts were setting. A COREID BUG (Leptocoris rubrolineatus) damaged almonds in Butte County, CALIFORNIA, this past season. In TEXAS, infestations of PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) in pecan trees were common in several south central counties, and infestations of PECAN LEAF PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera notabilis) were locally severe in pecan-growing areas. PHYLLOXERAS (Phylloxera Spp.) were present in heavy numbers on pecans in many areas of OKLAHOMA during the 1961 season. Infestations of OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) on pecan trees were common over most of TEXAS during the season. In OREGON, the effective use of chemicals has curtailed damage by APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) in filbert orchards in the mid-Willamette Valley. In CALIFORNIA, almonds in the lower San Joaquin Valley were infested with OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae), but liberation of parasites has resulted in excellent control of this pest in many locations. Heavy infestations of OYSTER- SHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) occurred on walnuts in the Stockton area of San Joaquin County, California, this season, WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) spread in UTAH during the 1961 season, becoming generally damaging throughout Weber and Davis Counties, and infested walnuts in Utah, Salt Lake, Tooele and Box Elder Counties. The trapping program, in which approximately 60 sticky traps were maintained in walnut trees in the Willamette Valley of OREGON, proved negative for walnut husk fly during 1961. Walnut husk fly required control treatment in the southern part of CALIFORNIA, and extended its range in the northern counties of the State during 1961. Adults of a HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis suavis) began emerging near Monroe City, Knox County, INDIANA, between July 28 and August 4, and were still active October 13, In IDAHO, maggots of Rhagoletis sp., probably suavis, were found abundantly infesting English walnuts at Lewiston, Nez Perce County, and especially damaged and caused blackening of husks. FILBERT BUD MITE (Phytoptus avellanae) was more abundant than usual in loose-budded filbert varieties in OREGON during 1961. Filbert growing in the State is restricted to the Willamette Valley. A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) was active on almond in Napa, Yolo, San Bernardino, Butte and San Joaquin Counties, CALIFORNIA, from January to June, but was generally light. Other hosts serve as reservoirs for infestations in almond plantings. Also in California, light populations of EUROPEAN RED MITE - 184 - (Panonychus ulmi) appeared early in the season but remained static until summer, © when a rapid buildup and severe damage occurred. Damage was variable to almonds and walnuts in Santa Barbara County and northward. Because of the wide variety of ornamentals also attacked by this pest, control in commercial nut plantings was a problem until the advent of rain and cold weather, TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was medium to heavy on almond trees during July and continued late into the year in California. Because of unusually high temperatures and drying winds, severe damage occurred before growers were aware of heavy infestations, and too late to treat. Severe damage occurred to dooryard plantings and caused loss of fruit, heavy defoliation and occa-= sional loss of a tree. Pests of Avocado, Olive and Fig Populations of OMNIVOROUS LOOPER (Sabulodes caberata) and of a LEAF ROLLER (Amboria essigana) were very low on avocados in San Diego County, CALIFORNIA, during the 1961 season, with ominvirous looper being considerably below the normal of past years. GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) caused little damage to avocado fruit in San Diego and Santa Barbara Counties, Cali- fornia, this season, and infestations of various THRIPS on this host were light to medium in coastal Santa Barbara County, but required little control due to parasites and predators. An undetermined species of PSYLLID affected avocado in the Ft. Worth area of Tarrant County, TEXAS, and PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopul- vinaria pyriformis) heavily infested avocado trees in the lower Rio Grande Valley area of that State. In CALIFORNIA, infestations of a COCCID (Aspidiotus lataniae) were generally light on avocado in Orange County. AVOCADO RED MITE (Oligonychus yothersi) appeared on avocados during February in FLORIDA and was considered to be worse than in several years at Homestead, Dade County. Generally light populations of AVOCADO BROWN MITE (O. punicae) occurred on avocados in San Diego, Orange and Ventura Counties, CALIFORNIA, and biological control was important in keeping this mite under control during 1961. In CALIFORNIA, AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifumeralis) severely damaged olive grafts in San Diego County, and heavy populations of a COREID BUG (Lepto- coris rubrolineatus) that occurred on figs in the eastern foothills of Santa Clara County required controls in September. OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was present on olives in the lower San Joaquin Valley. Parasite liberation has resulted in the establishment of these beneficial insects and control was excel- lent in many locations. Pests of Citrus Highlights: CITRUS RUST MITE continued to be the most troublesome citrus pest in Florida during 1961 and was a problem on citrus in Texas. CITRUS RED MITE was extremely active in California throughout 1961. Population of this pest in Florida during the first quarter of the year was the lowest in 11 years and, after an above-average peak in late June, declined to a record low by September. TEXAS CITRUS MITE infested 76 percent of groves in Florida by the end of June, compared with the previous high of 52 percent, and heavy infestations were 3 times as numerous than in any previous year. The rapid FLORIDA RED SCALE build- up in Florida during late May resulted in high levels which continued above normal through July; and the pest was of concern in Texas. The number of threatening infestations of PURPLE SCALE in Florida was higher during 1961 than the past 2 years. BLACK SCALE was present in 83 percent of citrus groves in Florida by the end of June, with 65 percent of groves having heavy infesta-— tions. CALIFORNIA RED SCALE required considerable treatment in local areas of California throughout the 1961 season, and eradicative measures were applied to 3 infestations of this pest in Maricopa County, Arizona. The pest was also of concern in Texas. COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE was occasionally heavy in young groves —- 185 - in Florida during the first half of 1961, and occurrence of this pest in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas apparently increased slightly over that of 1960. BROWN SOFT SCALE was a major problem on citrus in the lower Rio Grande Valley in 1961. APHIDS were particularly numerous in California and persisted for a long period of time. 25 7 IE 2K A OK AR IE KE I 2 A 2 6 25 2K 25 2K OK CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) continued to be the most troublesome citrus pest in FLORIDA during 1961, being above normal in abundance throughout the first quarter of the year. Although the expected decline occurred in January, an anomalous upward trend resulted in unusually high populations in late March. At that time, 45 percent of groves had economic infestations, compared with a normal of 34 percent. During the second quarter of 1961, this pest presented the major problem to citrus in Florida, in both number and severity of infesta- tions. Infestations were higher during April, May and early June than for those months, in the 10 prior years. A high, statewide population at that period was in marked contrast to the low April to June level in all previous years of record in the State. Citrus rust mite remained of greatest concern to growers during the third quarter of the year, the statewide population being slightly above the 10-year average in July and below in August, then increasing to a high level in September. A majority of groves in all districts in Florida developed damaging populations at some time during that period. Citrus rust mite continued the major citrus pest during the last quarter of 1961, reaching above-average numbers in October and November, then dropping to below-average abundance in December, At peak activity during mid=November, 54 percent of groves had economic infesta= tions of this mite. Citrus rust mite was a problem on citrus in TEXAS during the 1961 season, but populations were reported light on citrus in San Diego, Orange and Santa Barbara Counties, CALIFORNIA. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) was extremely active in CALIFORNIA during the entire year, fluctuating from general light to medium populations to occa- sional local, heavy populations. Treatment was practiced throughout the year, with citrus-growing areas from Tulare and Santa Barbara Counties south all affected. The citrus red mite population in FLORIDA was the lowest in the first quarter of 1961 of 11 years of record. The pest continued scarce through April, then increased rapidly to a summer peak in late June that was above aver-—- age. During July, populations declined from the above-average peak and, by September, had declined to a record low level, continuing at the lowest level of 10 years of record for the remainder of the year. Only 10 percent of groves in scattered locations in Florida developed economic infestations of citrus red mite, compared with 25 percent, which is normal for the quarter. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) occurred in moderate abundance during the first quarter of 1961 in FLORIDA, with 5-7 percent of groves having threat-— ening infestations. By the end of Jume, 76 percent of groves were infested, compared with the previous high of 52 percent. Heavy infestations of this mite were 3 times as numerous than any previous year. Decrease was rapid and reached a low level by mid-August, then increased to a moderate level. At the peak in mid-November, 11 percent of groves in scattered locations in Florida harbored economic infestations, then dropped to low levels for the remainder of the year. Infestations of SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) were at average level in FLORIDA during the second quarter of 1961, but very few damaging popu- lations were noted. YUMA SPIDER MITE (E. yumensis) was light on citrus in ARIZONA throughout the 1961 season. TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) , rarely found on citrus, developed a moderate infestation in one untreated orange grove near De Land, Volusia County, FLORIDA, in February. -— 186 - Populations of CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) were light on citrus early and late in the 1961 season in local areas of San Bernardino County, CALIFORNIA, and light on citrus in Maricopa and Yuma Counties, ARIZONA, during the fall. A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Brevipalpus sp.) was more abundant than average during the last quarter of 1961 in FLORIDA, with 21 percent of groves infested; however, no damage was detected. In CALIFORNIA, light, spotted infestations of CITRUS BUD MITE (Aceria sheldoni) occurred on coastal citrus in Santa Barbara County during the 1961 season, FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) populations decreased to relatively low levels during the first quarter of 1961 in FLORIDA, which is normal for the period. Economic infestations were present in about 7 percent of the groves. Populations were average until late May when a strong buildup to high level began, and the pest continued above normal in abundance through July, then dropped slightly below average. Although this pest was widespread during the last quarter of the year in Florida, as is usual, the number of economic infes- tations was below average, with 59 percent of groves infested. Florida red scale was of concern in the citrus-growing area of TEXAS during 1961 also. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) remained at the low levels of 1960 during the first quarter of 1961 in FLORIDA, except for an increase in late March that resulted in 9 percent of groves having important infestations. This increase continued through June when the pest was present in 90 percent of groves, but most infestations were very light. The number of threatening infestations was higher than in the past 2 years. Populations of purple scale reached a moderate peak during July, but, by late August, natural control had reduced the population to the lowest level on record. By the last quarter of the year, this pest was present in more groves (85 percent) than in the last quarter of any year since 1958; however, less than one percent of groves harbored heavy infestations. In CALIFORNIA, light infestations of purple scale occurred on citrus in Orange and San Diego Counties during the 1961 season. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) was found infesting commercial citrus in San Diego County, CALIFORNIA, and caused concern in the citrus-growing area of TEXAS during the 1961 season. Chaff scale levels were higher in FLORIDA in March than in 11 prior years, but were not important, and remained so until June when 65 percent of groves were infested. The population then was higher than in previous years. The level remained higher than normal for the remainder of 1961 in Florida, but the pest was of little importance. Infestations of BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) were at a higher level in March than during 11 prior years in FLORIDA, but the pest was not important. The population was above average during April, then increased rapidly in May, reaching the highest level on record in the State. By the end of June, black scale was present in 83 percent of groves, with 65 percent of groves having heavy infestations. The pest continued well above average throughout Septem- ber and was responsible for heavy growth of sooty mold. Prolonged warm weather during November and December in Florida permitted a third brood to hatch, although it was of no immediate importance. Populations of black scale were generally light in all citrus areas of CALIFORNIA during 1961 and biological control was excellent. Unfavorable weather, restricting parasite action, made chemical control necessary until parasites were again present in sufficient numbers to exert control. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) and YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) were both more abundant in FLORIDA during 1961 than in the past ll years, but were of little importance during the year. In CALIFORNIA, generally light populations of yellow scale were present on citrus in Tulare, Yolo and Butte Counties this season, = 187 = CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) varied considerably in CALIFORNIA during 1961, with considerable treatment required in local areas from January to December. Medium populations of this pest were present in the State from June through October. In ARIZONA, eradicative measures were applied to 3 infestations of California red scale in Maricopa County during the season, and the pest caused concern in the citrus—growing areas of TEXAS this year. FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) was more abundant in FLORIDA this year than in past 11 years during January through September, and populations of a LESSER SNOW SCALE (P. strachani) were above normal during the last quarter of the year. Both scales were of little importance. Also in Florida, a SNOW SCALE (Unaspis citri) was more abundant than usual during the third quarter of 1961, but did not become important until November and December when a number of serious infes-— tations developed in Lake and Orange Counties, Occasional heavy infestations of COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) in young groves occurred during the first half of 1961 in FLORIDA, but infestations were below average in abundance during the remainder of the year. The occurrence of cottony-cushion scale on citrus in the Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS during 1961 was apparently slightly increased over that of 1960. No commercial citrus plantings in CALIFORNIA were infested with this pest during 1961, but occasional dooryard citrus trees over the State were infested. A series of mild winters has allowed vedalia (Rodolia cardinalis) to survive in California. FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) populations were above normal in FLORIDA during the second quarter of the year, but were of little importance. BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) was a major problem on citrus in the lower Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS during 1961, and was below average abundance during the third quarter of the year in FLORIDA. In ARIZONA, a few light infestations of CITRICOLA SCALE (C. pseudomagnoliarum) occurred on citrus in Maricopa County. A heavy population of PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria pyriformis) developed during the second quarter of 1961 in a mature grapefruit grove in FLORIDA, but populations of the pest in all districts of the State did not develope above normal until the last quarter of the year, at which time it was of minor impor- tance, CITRUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus citri) required occasional chemical control in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season, but, in general, has been well controlled biologically in the coastal citrus-growing areas of the State. Populations of MEALYBUGS increased from normal level in FLORIDA during April to above-normal abundance in June, but few infestations were heavy. Populations of these pests again increased temporarily to above-average level in November. Medium to heavy infestations of MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) occurred from March to July on citrus in Orange County, CALIFORNIA. Other citrus areas in the State did not experience the heavy populations of past years, and a fungus disease was an important factor in controlling this aphid in California during 1961. APHIDS were particularly numerous in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season and persis-— ted for a long period. Light to medium populations of these pests occurred on citrus in Ventura, Orange, Los Angeles, San Diego and Riverside Counties. In FLORIDA, new growth in citrus orchards began later than usual (mid-February) , and expanded rapidly. This situation contributed to the lowest spring population of aphids on record in the State, and populations remained low throughout the year. CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) populations persisted from March to October in most citrus areas of CALIFORNIA, and light to severe infestations of this pest were particularly bad during August and September, Light, but general infesta- tions of citrus thrips were present in Maricopa and Yuma Counties, ARIZONA, on citrus in late May and increased to an average of 60-90 per 5 terminals in many - 188 - groves; however, control measures were very successful in protecting young fruit in most instances, Infestations of 6-8 per terminal were common on young citrus throughout the summer in Arizona and considerable foliage damage was evident. CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) infestations were heavy in home citrus orchards in the south central area of TEXAS during 1961, and a few light infestations of MULBERRY WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes mori) were present on citrus in Yuma and Maricopa Counties, ARIZONA. FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) developed light to medium popula- tions on citrus in the southern half of Tulare County and in the Northridge area of Los Angeles County, CALIFORNIA, during the 1961 season, and WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) was light on citrus in San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. A light population of a PEEL MINER (Marmara sp.) mined the peel of grapefruit, oranges and lemons in Yuma and Maricopa Counties, ARIZONA, KATYDIDS caused medium damage to citrus plantings in the San Fernando Valley and trace to light damage in western Riverside County, CALIFORNIA, and ARGENTINE ANT (Iridomyrmex humilis) was active a major part of 1961 and required control treat— ments in citrus groves in southern California. Pests of Grape Highlights: A new infestation of WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER found in Fresno County, California, during 1961. The pest was heavy on home plantings of grapes in Arizona during the summer and fall, and caused considerable damage in some instances in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, during July. GRAPE MEALYBUG required stringent controls in Washington and LEAFHOPPERS were generally heavy on culti- vated grapes in areas of Nevada and required controls in areas of California. GRAPE ROOT BORER was perhaps the outstanding fruit pest in Missouri during 1961. GRAPE CANE GALL MAKER caused considerable injury to grape plantings in Indiana again in 1961, and ARMY CUTWORM caused considerable defoliation of grapevines in 3 northern California counties. Also in California, SPIDER MITES were heavy and required controls, JE AE 2 266 2K 2G 26 2g 2K 26 2g 2S 2 2g 2 26 2 2K 2k A new infestation of WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) was found in CALIFORNIA at Kerman, Fresno County. This infestation in dooryard grapes and Virginia-creeper is very limited; no commercial grapes were found infested. Eradicative treatments were applied and survey was continual. The only other area where this pest occurs in California is a limited area in San Diego County. Adults of western grape leaf skeletonizer emerged and mated the first week of May in NEVADA, with eggs and first instars present by mid-May. This pest is still confined to one area of Las Vegas, Clark County, and eradi- cative measures were initiated against it during the 1961 season. Parasites and predators almost completely controlled western grape leaf skeletonizer in Washington County, UTAH, this season. Heavy infestations of this pest damaged untreated dooryard grapes during the summer and early fall in ARIZONA, and eggs and larvae were abundant in home plantings of grapes in the Las Cruces area of Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, during July, with considerable damage in some instances. Infestations of GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina americana) were light and local in GEORGIA this year. In the grape-growing area of Erie County, PENNSYLVANIA, special treatments were applied to prevent damage by RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) , and fair numbers of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) fed on grape during October. GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) attacked grapevines locally in VIRGINIA this season; and infestations were generally light and spotted on grapes in CALIFORNIA, being found primarily in San Joaquin Valley vineyards. GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) = als}e) = infestations were generally on the increase in ARKANSAS, and this species was perhaps the outstanding fruit pest in MISSOURI during the 1961 season. Typical symptoms of attack appeared on grapes about the first of June in the Steelville area of Crawford County and the Rosati area of Phelps County, Missouri. GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) damaged grapes in a few vineyards in Washington County, UTAH, this season. The pest was less severe in ARKANSAS during 1961 than during 1960, and no severe attack developed during the season in MISSOURI. A light infestation of grape berry moth developed in the grape-growing area of Erie County, PENNSYLVANIA. In CALIFORNIA, considerable defoliation of grapevines was caused by ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) in Napa, Sacramento and Amador Counties, and light to medium populations of undetermined CUTWORMS damaged grape vineyards in San Bernardino and Fresno Counties. A stringent control program was necessary against GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) in WASHINGTON during the 1961 season, but only a few grapes were rejected by processors because of the pest. Eggs were hatching in June in the Yakima Valley and crawlers began depositing honeydew on grapes by late July. However, this was not serious in the Yakima Valley because extremely dry weather dried the honeydew and retarded growth of sooty molds. Grape mealybug popula- tions varied with control practices in CALIFORNIA during 1961, ranging light to heavy in San Joaquin, Merced, Fresno and Tulare Counties; and undetermined MEALYBUGS were present on grapes in Stanislaus County. Only light populations of a MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus sp.) appeared in MISSOURI this season and were easily controlled. Infestations of GRAPE SCALE (Aspidiotus uvae) continued on the in- crease generally in ARKANSAS this season. GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera viti- foliae) appeared in the West Hartford area of Hartford County, CONNECTICUT, during the season. Populations of LEAFHOPPERS (Erythroneura spp.) were generally heavy on cultivated grapes in Churchill, Clark and Nye Counties, and on wild grapes in Clark County, NEVADA. Erythroneura spp. were present from March to October and required considerable control work in Riverside, Tulare, Napa and Kern Counties, CALIFORNIA. Light to medium infestations of these pests were a problem on some grapes during the spring of 1961 in ARIZONA, and the pests caused noticeable damage to grapes in Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO. SPITTLEBUGS damaged grapes in a few vineyards of Washington County, UTAH, this year. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) was very abundant throughout VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, damaging grapes in many localities, and another SCARAB (Pelid- nota punctata) attacked grapevines locally in the State. Light to moderate populations of still another SCARAB (Hoplia sp.) damaged grapes in vineyards in Lodi, San Joaquin County, CALIFORNIA. A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) was found boring in stems of grapevines in the Billings area of Yellowstone County, MONTANA, in March. Determination was made by D. M. Anderson. Larvae and adults of GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) caused conspicuous foliage injury to grape plant- ings in Allegany and Frederick Counties, MARYLAND; a FLEA BEETLE (Altica torquata) and another LEAF BEETLE (Glyptosceles sp.) were present in light to moderate numbers on grapes in Clark County, NEVADA. Medium populations of A. torquata also developed on grapes in Escondido, San Diego County, CALIFORNIA. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) damage to grapevines was moderate in the lower Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON by late June, causing grapes to drop by late July. Losses ranged 2.4-3.4 tons per acre with different cover crops in experimental plantings. GRAPE CANE GALL MAKER (Ampeloglypter sesostris) caused considerable injury to Many grape plantings in INDIANA during 1961,as it did in 1960. A GALL MIDGE (Lasioptera vitis) appeared occasionally throughout RHODE ISLAND after mid-July. In all areas of CALIFORNIA, heavy populations of PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus pacificus) developed on grapes during July and August, Infestations were quite spotted and required more than normal control. Also in California, medium to heavy populations of a SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus willamettei) were particularly damaging to grapevines in San Joaquin, Fresno and Napa Counties. — IO Pests of Bushfruits BLACK=HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) was general and often serious through-— out the coastal cranberry-growing area of OREGON during the 1961 season, Eggs were first noted at Bandon, Coos County, on April 6. First-brood larvae were abundant in many bogs by April 23 and infestations were observed in all areas by May 21. Haphazard control programs accounted for most of the 1961 production losses in Oregon, Heavy infestations of black-headed fireworm were present in unattended cranberry bogs in Grays Harbor County, WASHINGTON, this season. Larvae of STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) damaged canes of red currant at Huntington, Emery County, and dewberries at Providence, Cache County, UTAH, during the 1961 season. CURRANT APHID (Capitophorus ribis) and other Species generally were moderate, with normal, conspicuous injury present on red currant foliage in the State. PSYLLIDS were seldom severe on currants in Utah during 1961, and infestations of CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) were general in black and red currants in the State during the season. Emergence of BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) in MAINE was underway on June 30 in Jonesboro, Washington County, and was essentially completed by July 21. Infestations in most areas of the State were generally lower during 1961 than they were for the previous year. BLUEBERRY THRIPS (Frankliniella vaccinii) is becoming more prevalent in Hancock and Washington Counties, Maine, and heavy populations caused severe damage to blueberries in many areas of the State this season, A substantial buildup of a BLUEBERRY FLEA BEETLE (Altica sylvia) occurred in many areas of Washington County this year. In CALIFORNIA, medium populations of a FLEA BEETLE (Diachus auratus) attacked bushberry plantings in the Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) was also present and damaging to bushberries locally in Santa Cruz County; a LEAF- FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus sp.) was of considerable concern to homeowners, on bushberries, in many locations in California; and REDBERRY MITE (Aceria essigi) was heavy statewide where early control was not practiced or was not adequate. BUD MITES were very abundant on Wolcott variety of blueberry in Bladen County, NORTH CAROLINA, during the spring months. Z) SEARCH SERVICE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesroi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 March 16, 1962 Number 11 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG reported light to moderately heavy in small grain in Curry, Roosevelt and Quay Counties, New Mexico. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER survival survey in Arkansas showed a wide variation between areas in the State; all larvae in corn stalks in Roosevelt and Curry Counties, New Mexico, found dead. Unspeci- fied CUTWORMS causing light to heavy damage to flax in Guadalupe County, Texas; and PEA APHID increasing rapidly in central and southwest Arizona aulbhalstiare) (pi. 193). Infestations of an alfalfa weevil (Hypera brunneipennis) continue very heavy on alfalfa in areas of Arizona and light larval infesta- tions appearing in Riverside County, California. ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae appearing in eastern and central Tennessee and light defoliation of alfalfa noted in Oconee County, Georgia. CITRUS PESTS generally below normal in Florida, but CITRUS RUST MITE expected to increase in March and move out on new foliage. (p. 194). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE heavy to severe on 90,000 acres of pines in Hall County, Georgia; critical situation could develop. (p. 195). SHEEP KED heavy on sheep in Rio Grande County, Colorado. (p. 196). Forecasts of Insect Conditions Brood II of PERIODICAL CICADA expected to appear in New Jersey in May and June; egg-laying damage to young nursery and orchard trees may be severe. (p. 194). A major outbreak of LINDEN LOOPER may occur in Connecticut in 1962. PUSS CATERPILLAR is potentially a problem in Mobile County, Alabama. (p. 197). Insect Detection BEAN LEAF ROLLER reported for first time in Delaware, @poe!9'5) Special Reports Hawaiian Insect Notes. (p. 198). Interceptions of Special Interest at U. S. Ports of Entry. (p. 199). Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (continued) TRUCK CROP INSECTS - (p. 200). TOBACCO INSECTS - (p. 223). COTTON INSECTS - (p. 225). Summary of Insect Conditions in Hawaii - 1961 (corrected). (p. 233). FE A IRE IE 2 2 2 2k 25 2K 2K 25 2K 2K 2K Reports in this issue are for week ending March 9, unless otherwise indicated. to US)! WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 12 The week's weather, typical of March, was stormy with generally rising temperatures and widespread light to locally heavy precipitation as storm systems moved rapidly across the country. The week was much colder than the previous week in the Southeast where weekly averages were 6° to 12° below normal, but was generally 6° to 12° warmer in the remainder of the Nation even though weekly averages were 15° below normal in parts of the northern Great Plains. The coldest weather occurred during the first half of the period when subzero minima persisted in the North Central Interior and freezing extended into the central and eastern gulf coastal areas. Freezes damaged fruit, tung nuts and beans in Louisiana on the 5th and 6th, and caused some additional crop damage in the Everglades region of Florida on the 8th. Precipitation was very light in the Florida Peninsula, gulf coastal areas, the extreme Northeast, northern Minnesota, and most of the Great Plains, but gener- ally exceeded 0.50 inch elsewhere. Heaviest amounts, exceeding 2 inches, were reported from middle Tennessee, northern portions of Alabama and Georgia, South Carolina, and along the middle Atlantic coast, most of it falling during the weekend. Precipitation in the Far West further improved the irrigation water outlook. By far the most important storm was a vast low pressure system centered off the middle Atlantic coast on the 6th and 7th. The storm, generating winds up to 85 m.p.h., and waves up to over 40 feet in height near the center, battered instal- lations along the coast from Florida to New England. Damage is expected to total hundreds of millions of dollars. Few hurricanes have caused as much or as wide- spread damage as this storm which is already being referred to, and properly so, as the "Great Atlantic Storm." Another storm during the weekend brought heavy snowfall to much of the North Central Interior. Several inches were reported in north central Kansas, up to 10 inches in southeastern South Dakota, 4 to 10 inches in Minnesota, and up to a foot in northern Wisconsin. The snow cover at the end of the period was still heavy for so late in the season in the northern Great Plains, the upper Missis-— Sippi Valley and Great Lakes region. Heavy snow fell in the middle Atlantic Coastal States during the Atlantic storm on the 6th and 7th. Falls ranged up to 30 inches in the Virginias and 1 to 3 inches was still on the ground in central Virginia at the end of the period. Snow covered large areas of North Carolina on 3 to 5 days, and extended to the coast on 2 days, a very unusual event in North Carolina during March, perhaps unprecedented. Considerable snow also fell in South Carolina and up to 7 inches in northern Georgia. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-MARCH TO MID-APRIL 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-March to mid-April calls for continued below normal temperatures over most of the Nation, except for near to slightly above normal temperatures from the Great Lakes eastward and also in coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Northwest. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over most areas except for subnormal amounts over the Southern Plains and Pacific Northwest and near normal amounts in the far Southwest. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superin- tendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. = 193. — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Generally at noneconomic level through- out State. One field in Grandfield area had up to 20 per linear foot; all other counts below 10 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Continues non- economic; highest counts 10-15 per linear foot in some panhandle areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderately heavy in small grain fields in Curry, Roosevelt and Quay Counties; average counts per linear foot were 20-30 in Clovis area, 4-10 in Portales area and 5-10 in House area. One field in Bethel had 100 plus per linear foot. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Counts 40-50 per linear foot in field in Grandfield area, with counts up to 25 per linear foot noted in scattered south central areas. Other counts in southwest and south central areas considerably lower. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Light in small grains; 1-8 per linear foot in northwest and 1-2 in south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Light to medium on barley in some central and southwestern areas, but generally much lighter than in previous years. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Light in small grains; 3-8 per linear foot in northwest, O-2 in southwest and 2-3 in south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) — ARKANSAS - Surveys to determine survival of overwintering larvae underway. This is of special interest since the State has had the lowest temperatures this winter than at any other time since this pest became established in the State. Survival shows a wide variation between areas. Percent survival to March 10 is listed by areas as follows: northwest - 12.9; northeast - 6.13 southwest - 57.9; west central - 43.8. Survival figures reported ‘n CEIR 12(6):69 and CEIR 12(10):161 included in this tabulation. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - All larvae in corn stalks in fields in Roosevelt and Curry Counties dead. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Light to heavy populations, probably Chorizagrotis auxiliaris, on wheat in northwest, 1-10 per linear foot. Lighter populations in southwest (up to 0.5 per linear foot) and south central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Unspecified species causing light to heavy damage to flax in widespread areas of Guadalupe County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey). CRANE FLIES — CALIFORNIA - Tipula simplex larvae caused severe damage to range-— lands in Tulare County during February; adults currently emerging in Exeter area, with considerable mating and oviposition occuring; controls applied in late February apparently preventing further damage. Tipula sp., not simplex, light in rangeland forage in Academy, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA —- Light on wheat in Kiowa County; 0-5 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) — OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered populations observed on wheat in South central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) -— OKLAHOMA - Light to medium, up to 75 per square foot, on alfalfa in south central area; lighter populations observed in southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Infestations increasing rapidly in central and southwest area alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Nonexistent in alfalfa in southeast. One field found infested in south central area; counts 6-8 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Populations averaged 2-3 per alfalfa crown during November, December (1961) and January (1962) in Arkansas River Valley. None found alive in February. (Schweissing). EO Ar AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Counts in some central area alfalfa average 100-300 larvae per 100 sweeps. Yuma County infestations continue very heavy, with severe damage present in many fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Light larval infestation appearing on alfalfa in Arlington, River- side County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Light defoliation of alfalfa noted in Oconee County. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Larvae appearing in eastern and central areas; much earlier than in 1961. Latest cold stopped egg hatch, but warming will resume egg hatch. Spring treatments will soon be needed. (Mullett). COLORADO - Adults not found to March 9 in Arkansas River Valley. (Schweissing). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered larval popu- lations noted on alfalfa in south central area; O-4 per square foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Unspecified species common on alfalfa throughout south central (10-15 per square foot) and southeast areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NEW JERSEY - Brood II expected to make appearance in late May and June, Egg-laying damage to young, transplanted trees in nurseries and orchards, and even to older trees,can be severe. (Ins.- Dis.-Weed Newsltr., Mar. 6). FLATHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) - NEW MEXICO - Killed young trees in orchard near Belen, Valencia County; larvae often 4-8 per tree. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of February — CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 52 percent of groves (norm 62 percent); 36 percent economic (norm 38 percent). Population slightly below average, but will increase during March and move out on the new foliage. Highest districts are west coast, Bartow, Brooksville and Orlando. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 28 percent of groves (norm 65 percent); 9 percent econonic (norm 36 percent). Statewide population will increase but will continue to be far below normal. Highest district is west coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 20 percent of groves; 2 percent economic. Population will remain low in all districts. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 42 percent of groves (norm 48 percent); 5 percent economic (norm 5 percent). No increase is expected. Highest district is ridge. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 82 percent of groves (norm 79 percent); 12 percent economic (norm 15 percent). Populations becoming more numerous but are approaching the adult stage which is susceptible to parasite attack. Groves with moderate to heavy infestations should be examined at this time. Highest districts are ridge, Brooksville and Orlando. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 35 percent of groves (norm 15 percent). Population still above normal but infestations will not reach destructive level within the next month. A few APHIDS are starting to appear and SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) still is scarce. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred), Mar. 2). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations on dooryard citrus in McFarland and Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations appearing on orange trees in Pauma Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - TEXAS - Scattered infestations present in Lf 5} home gardens in Guadalupe County, south central area; damage reported light to heavy. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light on cabbage in Colquitt County. (Johnson). APHIDS - TEXAS - Unspecified species appearing on cabbage in moderate to heavy numbers in widespread area of Guadalupe County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy in central and southwest area safflower and sugar beets. Light infestations a problem in some lettuce. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations of over 100 per plant continue to cause severe damage to spinach in Zavala County. (Harding). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - DELAWARE - Adult collected in Newark, New Castle County, on September 22, 1961, by C. T Dickerson; a new State record. (Burbutis). CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Unspecified species causing damage ranging from light to heavy on garden onions in Guadalupe County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey). TOBACCO INSECTS VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on tobacco in the plant bed in Colquitt, Cook, Berrien, Tift, Worth, Irwin and Coffee Counties. (Johnson). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in the plant bed in 7 counties mentioned in vegetable weevil note. (Johnson). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in the plant bed in 7 counties mentioned in vegetable weevil note. (Johnson). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Two larvae and 5 pupae collected from 350 bolls of wild cotton at Cape Sable, Dade County, on February 25 and 8 larvae and one pupa collected from 175 bolls and 5 blooms of wild cotton on Plantation Key, Monroe County, on February 26. (PPC). One larva and 2 pupae collected from 92 bolls and 41 blooms of wild cotton at Islamorada, Monroe County, on March 2. Det. W. Breidenbach. (Creamer). SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Large hibernating populations of undetermined species observed on recent survey of fence rows and woodland adjoining cotton fields in Limestone County. (Buttram, Mar. 2). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - GEORGIA - Heavy to severe on 90,000 acres of pines in Hall County. All stages present and could develop into a critical situation. (Smith, Blassingame) . NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA - Heavily infesting .98 per- cent of small pine nursery seedlings in Mobile County; 10 percent infested with Tetralopha robustella and Neodiprion lecontei. (Seibels, Mar. 2). Lepidopterous Insects in Connecticut - GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) continued to increase in abundance in 1961. Some 58,000 acres were heavily infested and 45,716 acres were treated under the provisions of the statutes. Noticeable ‘defoliation was found on 15,775 untreated acres, with 4,200 acres being = 196 = defoliated 50 percent or more. Scouting, which was not complete as of March 1, 1962, has disclosed 115,375 acres infested sufficiently to cause defoliation in 1962. This is mostly west of the Connecticut River and inland. Acceptances for spraying have just started and, it is estimated, that about half of this area might be sprayed. CANKERWORMS and LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) , often in mixtures, were injurious on about 37,500 acres in 1961 and 1,348 acres were defoliated more than 50 percent. Some 1,500 acres were sprayed by airplane in 1961 for what was labelled CANKERWORMS. The flight of LINDEN LOOPER in the fall of 1961 suggests a major outbreak in 1962. There will also be some CANKERWORMS in 1962. The infestation of these latter mentioned pests is in the same area as the GYPSY MOTH and observations in 1961 indicated that GYPSY MOTH lost out in competition with these pests. (Turner, Mar. 1). LONG-HORNED BEETLES - COLORADO - Larvae and pupae found in lumber in Adams County. (Hansbarger, Lawson). COCCIDS —- CALIFORNIA —- Aonidiella aurantii medium locally on rose bushes in Wheeler Ridge and generally light on euonymus at Bakersfield, Kern County. Asterolecanium bambusae heavy on bamboo locally in Riverside, Riverside County. Epidiaspis piricola medium on Christmasberry (Photinia arbutifolia) and Parlatoria oleae light on Fraxinus sp. in Livermore, Alameda County, (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on Acacia melanoxylon in Livermore, Alameda County. This pest has been serious on acacia the past few years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A THORNBUG (Umbonia crassicornis) - FLORIDA - Light to moderate on calliandra at West Hollywood on February 27 and at Davie on February 28 in Broward County (McLean, Dowling), and at Bradenton, Manatee County, on March 2. (Frederic). APHIDS - FLORIDA - Myzus persicae severely infesting 200 pittosporum plants at Tampa, Hillsborough County, on January 2 (a new host record for the Division of Plant Industry) (Hale); lightly infesting chrysanthemum at Alva, Lee County, on January 29 (Walsh); and light on chrysanthemum at Sanford, Seminole County, on February 8 (Youtsey). Aphis spiraecola severely infesting Jacaranda acutifolia at Miami, Dade County, on February 5. (McMillan,McFarlin). A. gossypii moderate on 500 loquat plants at Apopka, Orange County, on January 29 (Youtsey) and on new leaves of seagrape at Davie, Broward County, on February 28 (McLean). A. sambucifoliae severely infesting elderberry at Crescent City, Putnam County, on February 8 (Graham); and A. coreopsidis heavily infesting eastern baccharis at Bay Lake, Lake County, on January 24 (Henderson). GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) - OREGON - Damaging spring flowers in home gardens throughout Willamette Valley. (Capizzi). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Grubs numerous in backs of cattle in some herds in Loa-Bicknell area, Wayne County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum populations averaged 3 per head on long yearlings in Stillwater area; counts less than one per head on animals in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Two of 10 animals examined in Early County infested with H. lineatum; 2 and 3 grubs, respectively. Emergence of grubs not complete. (Roberts, Feb. 2). Heel fly activity reported about February 25 in Tift and Thomas Counties. (Pod, Sherman, Roberts). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - COLORADO - Populations heavy on sheep in Rio Grande County. (Jenkins). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - WISCONSIN - Populations heavy in a home in Grant County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ra MALI, 1 CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Controls applied in Wellington area of Carbon County and populations very numerous in some Duchesne County herds. (Knowlton, Hassell). OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation of Bovicola bovis on herd of yearling heifers in Marshall County; 3-6 per hair part. Activity continues throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Solenopotes capillatus light on beef cattle in Thomas and Sumter Counties; ten animals examined in Early County not infested with lice. (Roberts, Feb. 2-5). PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - ALABAMA - Hibernacula heavy on willow in Mobile County; potentially a problem the summer of 1962. (Seibels, Mar. 2). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Counts 8 per head on cattle in Pushmataha County, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - CONNECTICUT - Winged forms swarming in 3 different private homes in Stamford, Waterbury and Hamden. (Johnson). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - OREGON - Reported emerging from hiber- nation and of concern to homeowners in Salem area. (Pearson). UTAH - Entering homes at Corinne, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Invaded homes in Prince Georges and Baltimore Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) - WASHINGTON - Reported to be a serious problem in Wenatchee area. (Burts). COLORADO - Numerous in apartment in Larimer County. (Lawson). OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - MARYLAND - Larvae active in structural wood in a home at Millersville, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Mar. 1). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES —- OKLAHOMA - Several species light on alfalfa and wheat in southeast, south central and southwest areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered populations on alfalfa and wheat in south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - CALIFORNIA - Intensive soil sifting resulted in recovery of several larvae in a limited area where heavy adult populations occurred in 1961. Due to extremely hot, dry fall and early winter, late summer chemical soil treatments have not had a chance to become effective. It is hoped that recent heavy rains will activate soil chemicals and provide cantrol of larvae prior to normal emergence in June. (GallCoop. Rpt): A SLUG (Arion ater) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations continue in Crescent City, Del Norte County, as survey to delimit the infestations is made. Detection for this slug has been negative in other northern coastal counties reporting. (Gail. Coop Rpt.) A SLUG (Arion hortensis) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations occurring in yard of a public building in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, and in soil locally in San Anselmo, Mill Valley and San Rafael, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - OKLAHOMA - Surveys in Hughes, McIntosh, Okfuskee, Okmulgee and Pittsburg Counties negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). = 198) = ALABAMA - First mating flights observed in Lee and Tallapoosa Counties. (Barwood, Mar. 2). A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Collected in Japanese beetle trap at International Airport, Miami, Dade County, on February 14. (Stephens). CORRECTION CEIR 12(7):85 -— SLUGS - CALIFORNIA - Arion echinopus should be Arion hortensis. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Prod. Helio. Spod. Agrot. Feltia Peri. unip. ornith. zea exigua ips. subterr. saucia FLORIDA Gainesville 2/28 6 5 1 3 26 ARIZONA Mesa 2/21-28 8 38 5 HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES The following reports were submitted by the Hawaiian Entomological Society and were abstracted from the "Notes and Descriptions" in the minutes of the February 12, 1962, meeting. The first shipment of a SCELIONID WASP (Telenomus basalis Woll.), an egg parasite of the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula) , was received from Australia on February 6, 1962. The shipment consisted of approximately 2,000 specimens which were released on beans on the north rim of the Old Quarry, University of Hawaii. Subsequently, 3,000 additional parasites were received and these were released at Makaha Valley, Waianae, where large adult and nymphal populations of southern green stink bug were observed on ears of corn, okra, spiny amaranth, beans and other hosts. A. basalis was sent through the cooperation of Dr. Douglas Waterhouse, Chief, Division of Entomology, C.S.1.R.0., Canberra, Australia. (C.. J. Davis). A very heavy infestation of a CONIFEROUS TWIG APHID (Cinara sp.) was observed on loblolly pine saplings at the Olinda tree nursery, Maui, on January 16, 1962. The needles of many of the infested branches were yellow and some saplings appeared to have been killed by this species. Determination was made by Dr. F. Hottes,who believed that this may be a new species. This appears to be the second twig and bark infesting aphid to become established in Hawaii. (C. J. Davis). = 199° = INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U. S. PORTS OF ENTRY Some important interceptions that were reported December 31, 1961, by the Plant Quarantine Division, ARS, USDA, follow. These reports are based on identifications received from Federal taxonomists at the U. S. National Museum during the month, but do include any of special interest from recent months that were not previously reported. A BRUCHID (Bruchus dentipes (Baudi)) in cargo of broadbeans destined for Illinois at Chicago, Illinois. KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 19 times; at New York, New York, 14 times; at Houston, Texas, 2 times; at Savannah, Georgia, one time; at Charleston, South Carolina, one time; and at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, one time. CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) on leaves in cargo of limes for Texas at El Paso, Texas. A WEEVIL (Premnotrypes sp.) in potatoes 5 times; at Miami, Florida, one time in baggage; at Wilmington, North Carolina, two times in stores; at Baltimore, Maryland, one time in stores; and at New York, New York, one time in crew baggage. , WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Muller)) 4 times on miscellaneous cargo destined for Virginia and Louisiana; at New Orleans, Louisiana, one time and at Norfolk, Virginia, 3 times. A WEEVIL (Lixus sp., possibly junci (Boh.)) in beet stores at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. AN OLETHREUTID (Grapholitha funebrana (Treit.)) (or near this species) in baggage destined for Pennsylvania at New York, New York. PEACH FRUIT MOTH (Carposina niponensis Wlsm.) once in baggage and 3 times in stores at Seattle, Washington. A STENOMID (Stenoma catenifer Wlsm.) at Miami, Florida, 2 times in baggage; at Tampa, Florida, one time in stores; at Galveston, Texas, one time in stores; at Brownsville, Texas, 3 times in baggage; and at Hidalgo, Texas, one time in baggage. CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicae (L.)) in stores at New York, New York. — 200) = SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1961 (Continued from page 190) TRUCK CROP INSECTS General Truck Crop Insects Highlights: CABBAGE LOOPER was abundant and required controls on crucifers in areas of Oregon; caused some damage to various crops in California, where it was active all year; was especially heavy on cabbage in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas; was again abundant and destructive in all areas of Maryland; received special attention in North Carolina; damage was moderate to severe on lettuce in Clark County, Nevada; and egg deposition on lettuce and infestations on cole crops were heavy during the fall in Arizona, YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM was heavy on spinach in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and caused some damage in Arizona, Utah and Maryland. Populations of WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM were heavy on lettuce in San Joaquin County, California. Several CUTWORMS were of local concern in California on a variety of crops. Several species of FLEA BEETLES were also of some concern generally in 1961. POTATO LEAFHOPPER populations became quite high on potatoes and beans in Wisconsin, with severe "hopperburn" on untreated acreages, and populations increased sharply during mid-July in Maryland, causing economic damage to beans and potatoes in all sections. The pest was also serious on potatoes throughout Ohio. GREEN PEACH APHID was destructively abundant on several crops in Ohio; seriously damaged sugar beets in an area of Washington; was a problem on Several crops in Arizona early in the season and required controls on some crops during November and December; retarded growth of cabbage plants during February in Florida and was injurious to potatoes and tomatoes in that State about mid-January. APHIDS were generally damaging all year in California, being particularly serious on truck crops. LYGUS BUGS were heavy on cantaloup and moderate to heavy on potatoes in Nevada. LEAF MINERS were considered the number one pests of truck crops in Florida during the 1961 season. ONION THRIPS required controls in Nevada during July and August. THRIPS occurred on a large range of truck crops in California and were active all year. SPIDER MITES were of considerable concern in various areas. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was one of the most damaging mites in California this season and infestations continued over most of the year. GARDEN SYMPHYLAN was important and caused damage to several crops in some sections of the Nation during 1961. BROWN GARDEN SNAIL was found for the first time in Oregon and Utah during the 1961 season. 26 2G 2S 25 SK 2 2 25 2K GK 2 IG 2g 2K 2K i ok 2 CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was abundant and required controls in crucifer plantings in Multnomah and Marion Counties, OREGON, from August through October 1. Light infestations of this noctuid developed early on many crops in CALIFORNIA. Populations varied considerably, geographically, and caused some damage to nearly all varieties of truck crops. The pest remained active in California until the end of the year. In NEVADA, cabbage looper infestations and damage ranged moder- ate to severe on lettuce in Clark County in the fall, and injury to cole crops in UTAH was nearly average for 1961. Cabbage looper eggs were found in low numbers on lettuce in COLORADO and timely control measures prevented any loss to this crop. Populations of the pest were very low on cabbage in the State this season and did not cause as much damage as in previous years. Light infestations of cabbage looper were present on lettuce from late February until harvest, and on melons in May and June in ARIZONA. Some damage to melons, caused by feeding marks on the rinds where melons touched the ground, was reported. Heavy egg deposition on fall lettuce created constant concern to farmers in central and southwestern areas during September and October, and heavy infestations of this pest occurred on cole crops in Arizona in late fall, Populations of cabbage = CA) looper had no opportunity to build up in lettuce fields in Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, as an adequate control program was initiated. Considerable damage to tomatoes, carrots and beans in gardens did occur, however, in the Las Cruces area. Cabbage looper infestations were generally heavy on cabbage in the lower Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS, but were very light and practically nonexistent during the late 1961 season in ARKANSAS, where infestations were heavy in the late 1960 season. Populations of this pest in WISCONSIN increased in number in the late part of the 1961 season, as usual, and were more numerous at that time than during 1960. However, a disease severely decimated populations in early September. The first adult of the season was caught in the blacklight trap at Madison, Dane County, on July 6. Cabbage looper was abundant on cabbage and related crops in INDIANA during late August and September, and was of little importance in OHIO until October when it caused considerable damage to cauliflower and late cabbage. It was also rather common during the fall as a pest of greenhouse vegetables in Ohio. Cabbage looper was abundant on vegetable crops in NORTH CAROLINA and received the attention of specialists and county workers. Moths were common in light trap catches on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA in late July, ranging 10-20 per night. Larvae were numerous on broccoli and other cole crops as well as fall cucumbers on the Eastern Shore. Weather conditions from August on were usually favorable for outbreaks which did not materialize. Frequent surveys and light trap collections established the fact that potentially severe outbreaks were in the making in this area, but were always curtailed by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus which was present in the field the entire season. Cabbage looper was again abundant and destructive to cole crops in all sections of MARYLAND during the 1961 season. Near harvest, controls were required for larval infestations on tomatoes in Worcester County. Cabbage looper appeared in moderate numbers in NEW JERSEY late in the season, but many were killed by a virus; and the pest was present in low populations throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE this year. Damage by TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) was very low in UTAH during 1961, but late controls were necessary on this crop in most fields in COLORADO. Light infestations of tomato fruitworm were present on some fall lettuce in ARIZONA, and the pest infested a wide variety of crops in TEXAS during the season. Tomato fruitworm caused a limited amount of damage to truck and garden crops in OKLAHOMA and caused the least amount of damage in KANSAS that has been noted there in several years. The pest caused little damage to tomatoes in OHIO during 1961, and infestations on this crop in INDIANA were again relatively unimportant. Tomato fruitworm was rather common on snap beans in Sussex County, DELAWARE, during September, and on lima beans in most areas of the State late in the season. Light infestations occurred during September and early October in peppers and pumpkin-squash in Sussex County. The pest appeared to be generally under excellent control on toma- toes in areas of the State during this past season. Tomato fruitworm was occasionally encountered on tomatoes in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, and infestations were light to moderate in GEORGIA, with most being moderate, CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) attacked corn, lettuce, beans, peppers and tomatoes in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season. Early, low populations remained at low levels until summer, when medium to heavy numbers developed in vegetable-growing areas of the State. This pest continued well into the winter this year. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) caused moderate damage to young spinach in Baltimore County, MARYLAND. Heavy populations of this noctuid attacked spinach in the Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS, and light to moderate infestations occurred on sugar beets and lettuce in ARIZONA during the late fall. Yellow-striped armyworm caused some local damage to tomatoes, CAO) beets and home gardens in northern and central areas of UTAH this year. WESTERN YELLOW- STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) damaged a few fields of tomatoes and other vegetable crops in Utah, as well as damaging sugar beets in the Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON during September and October. Heavy populations of western yellow-striped armyworm were present in lettuce in the Tracy area of San Joaquin County, CALIFORNIA, this season. The peak of cycle of this pest in California occurred during the 1960 season and was followed by generally low populations in 1961. Moderate numbers of BLACK CUITWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) caused moderate damage to tomatoes in the Orono area of Penobscot County, MAINE, during mid-July and larvae damaged lettuce and beet plantings in Benton County, OREGON, during early July. Black cutworm was heavy on sugar beets in the Chico-Durham area of Butte County and was locally damaging to radishes in San Diego County, CALIFORNIA. Infesta- tions of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) were medium on sugar beets locally in Orange County and locally heavy on celery in Santa Cruz County, California. Light populations of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) occurred in the majority of the truck crop areas in California during the 1961 season, but heavy, local, spotted infestations were also present in many of these areas, RED-BACKED CUT- WORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) was the only destructive cutworm species encountered during 1961 in ALASKA, the only infestation noted being north of Palmer in a vegetable garden. CUTWORMS were at the lowest ebb in years in ALASKA during 1961, with few requests being received for control information. Cutworms in general were active in almost every area of CALIFORNIA and generally light populations were present throughout the year. Damage by cutworms was gener— ally moderate in UTAH during the spring and summer, and unidentified species caused slight loss in COLORADO by feeding on potato tubers late in the season, Cutworms constituted a problem in truck gardens in every area of TEXAS, and moderate to severe damage by these pests was reported in home gardens from many sections of NORTH DAKOTA during 1961. Cutworms were more numerous in WISCONSIN and less numerous than usual in CONNECTICUT this season. Light infestations of a LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) appeared on sugar beets and melons during the spring in ARIZONA. Medium populations of IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) damaged cole crops in Los Angeles County, CALIFORNIA, and the pest was heavy locally on cole crops in San Diego County and heavy on celery in Monterey County. Also in California, populations of SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Es tigmene acrea) were light to medium on sugar beets, asparagus, lettuce and beans in various areas, but the pest was not as prevalent as in past years; and LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) caused light local damage to bean plantings in Orange County and medium damage to sweet corn in Corona, Riverside County. Control of FLEA BEETLES on potatoes was a very important problem during 1961 in CONNECTICUT, but the pests were generally not commercially important on newly set vegetables in the State during the season. Phyllotreta spp. were heavy on cole crops during the spring and summer in MARYLAND, and overwintering Chaetocnema spp, caused some damage to tomatoes and potatoes on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA during May. Emergence of the second brood of Chaetocnema spp. on potatoes occurred around June 27 in Virginia, an event usually occurring about June 15, Flea beetles were quite numerous in broccoli plantings and on Kale, collards and mustard during August in Virginia. Moderate to heavy popu- lations of a flea beetle (Epitrix sp., probably parvula) occurred on peppers in the Lubbock area of TEXAS, and several species of flea beetles attacked a variety of crops in the State during the 1961 season. Undetermined species of flea beetles caused heavy damage to radish in Humboldt County, NEVADA, during June, Economic populations of another flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruci eruciferae) appeared in fields of cabbage in Benton County, OREGON, on May 19, and undeter- mined species produced much spotting of leaves of turnips and radish in the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA early in the summer, but caused no serious damage. STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) was generally moderate in vegetable - 203 - gardens in UTAH during 1961, and severely injured some fields of potatoes in Garfield and Piute Counties and at other localities in the State. Populations of this flea beetle were about the same during 1961 as during 1960 in WYOMING. Some damage occurred to seedling sugar beets during May and June in that State and a few fields of beans were also damaged in Sheridan and Goshen Counties. Medium populations of TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) were damaging to young tomato plantings in Butte County and the pest was light on asparagus and tomatoes in Yolo County, both in CALIFORNIA. Low numbers of WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) appeared on foliage of potatoes in Clackamas County, OREGON, the week of May 15 and also attacked a variety of crops throughout the State. Fields of beans were damaged in Washington County from August 1 through harvest. In CALIFORNIA, adults and larvae of a CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica sp.) damaged spinach in Orange County, corn seedlings in Merced County, tomatoes in Glenn County, watermelons in Tehama and Yolo Counties, and were general pests in Marin County during the 1961 season, ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) was reported for the first time in NORTH CAROLINA during 1961, when specimens that had been collected while feeding on potato, bean and carrot on July 8, 1960, in Jackson County, were determined by O. L. Cartwright as this scarab. ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) populations and damage were moderate in beans in the China area of Kennebec County, MAINE, and moderate to heavy infestations occurred on strawberry and rhubarb in the Norway area of Oxford County. There were also 2 reports of rhubarb being infested by RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) caused severe damage locally to celery in San Diego County, and heavy damage to toma- toes in Sunnyvale, Santa Clara County, CALIFORNIA. BLISTER BEETLES were also of some concern during 1961. Meloe sp. attacked tomato plants during late August in RHODE ISLAND. Several species of blister beetles increased in abun- dance on many truck crops this season and were of special concern in home gardens in INDIANA; and several species caused some damage in gardens in OKLAHOMA, primarily in southeast and south central areas, but damaging popula- tions did not occur as late in 1961 as during the 1960 season. Undeter- mined species of blister beetles caused localized damage to tomato plants in several areas of TEXAS and caused some damage to vegetables during May in Lea County, NEW MEXICO, WIREWORMS were more numerous in truck crops this season than usual in WISCONSIN, and required preplant trap crops or preventive treat-— ment in Santa Barbara County, CALIFORNIA. These pests caused medium damage to melons in San Joaquin County and light damage to corn seedlings in Merced County, also in California. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) occurred in very light numbers during the 1961 season in COLORADO, with 4-12 per 100 sweeps on potatoes the highest number reported. Potato leafhopper averaged 2.5 per sweep in gardens in the Brookings area of Brookings County, SOUTH DAKOTA, and did not become seriously high during the 1961 season. Populations were moderate in the eastern portion of the State and some "hopperburn" was found on potatoes in Brookings County during the last week of July. Counts averaged 5 per sweep on potatoes in Hamlin County the first week of August. Populations of this pest remained at low levels generally in commercial potato fields throughout NORTH DAKOTA during 1961. Potato leaf- hopper was noted on potatoes in Waushara County, WISCONSIN, during the first week of June; and populations became quite high on potatoes and beans, with severe “hopperburn' on untreated acreages. Carrots, beets, peppers and egg=- plant were also infested, with lima beans heavily infested as late as mid- August in Jefferson County. Potato leafhopper was serious on potatoes through- out OHIO during 1961. Untreated plants averaged 11.6 nymphs per leaf, became heavily damaged by "hopperburn", and yield was reduced 50 percent. = 204, — Potato leafhopper populations in MARYLAND increased sharply in mid-July and caused economic injury to beans and potatoes in all sections. Largest numbers of potato leafhopper occurred on potatoes during the first half of June in DELAWARE, but the pest was generally not serious on this crop during the season. By late June, the pest was present on beans and peppers and, from mid-July to mid-August, was common on lima beans in most areas of Delaware. Potato leaf-—- hopper caused injury in untreated potato fields during late June and early July in southeastern PENNSYLVANIA, and adults and nymphs of the species were abundant in untreated potato fields in early August in RHODE ISLAND. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was abundant in Franklin County, WASHINGTON, during June, and caused occasional damage to vegetable crops in local areas of UTAH during the 1961 season. Populations on potatoes in COLORADO early in the season indicated an increase, but the pest migrated north rather than west and very few were found on this crop later in the season. Very small numbers (0-1 per 100 sweeps) were present on lettuce in May in lettuce-growing areas and populations did not increase to economic levels. Trace numbers were present on tomatoes, but there were no reports of aster yellows or western yellow blight. Infestations of six-spotted leafhopper were mostly noneconomic in commercial potato fields in NORTH DAKOTA during the 1961 season. The pest was first reported in a light trap collection in MINNESOTA at St. Paul, Ramsey County, on April 28. Aster yellows were not a serious problem on truck crops in Minnesota during 1961. Six-spotted leafhopper was generally low in WISCONSIN in 1961, but infested carrot fields in the southeastern area the second week of June; and a commercial field of lettuce in Marquette County was treated for this pest during the first week of July. Populations were generally low in number in the State and only a few carried aster-yellows virus. Six-spotted leafhopper populations were below average in OHIO during 1961 and incidence of aster yellows in lettuce and carrots was very low. Populations were high on lettuce and carrots in NEW JERSEY this season and control was not good on the latter crop. Incidence of aster yellows was higher this year in this State. Moderate populations of six-spotted leafhopper caused light damage to lettuce in the Yarmouth-Portland area of Cumberland County, MAINE. Few plants showed signs of aster yellows by July 21. Aster yellows began to appear in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties by July 28. A complex of LEAFHOPPERS was heavy on vegetable crops in CONNECTICUT this season, especially on peppers and vinecrops, including cucumber, melons and summer and winter squash. Control of these pests on potatoes was usually no problem in the State, however. In COLORADO, an undetermined grass-feeding species of leafhopper damaged seedling beets in Sedgwick County, making it necessary to replant some fields. Leafhoppers became very numerous on raspberries in some areas of UTAH during 1961, and Empoasca filamenta caused occasional damage to vegetable crops in local areas of the State. Leafhoppers, in general, were abundant in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season. Populations of these pests were medium on melons in Kern County; heavy on peppers in Orange County; light locally on beans, sugar beets and other truck crops in Monterey County; and light to medium on potatoes in Riverside and Tulare Counties. E. filamenta was unusually abundant and etiolated potato foliage in Kittitas Valley, Kittitas County, and near Quincy, Grant County, WASHINGTON, during August and September. Populations of undeter- mined species of leafhoppers continued rather light in ALASKA during 1961, but one species did cause light damage to lettuce north of Palmer early in the season. E, filamenta continued as one of the more numerous species on potatoes in Alaska, although damage appeared to be limited to the spotting of foliage along fields near the Matanuska Valley in the vicinity of Palmer. Populations of various species of APHIDS continued rather light in ALASKA during the 1961 season. Aphids in general were damaging all year in CALIFORNIA and were particularly serious on truck crops. Light populations of these pests were present in all areas of the State, with spotted populations becoming heavy. Populations of aphids were normal or above on most vegetable crops in UTAH during =4209) -= the spring and summer. Light infestations of an APHID (Macrosiphum barri) occurred on some lettuce in the central area of ARIZONA during the spring and fall, and numerous aphid species were heavy on commercial and home vegetable crops throughout TEXAS during the year. Another APHID (Pemphigus sp.) was occasionally encountered on the roots of beans in VIRGINIA, and other APHIDS (Pentatrichopus spp.) were light to moderate on strawberries during November and December locally in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties, MARYLAND. Aphid populations generally were not heavy on vegetable crops in NEW JERSEY during the season. Aphid populations were spotty and not so severe in CONNECTICUT as during 1960 and control on potatoes was generally not a problem. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was not severe in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, but populations increased to levels requiring control measures during the last week of July in RHODE ISLAND. There were a few instances of isolated infestations of green peach aphid on potatoes in NEW JERSEY, and the pest was first encountered on spinach in Sussex County, DELAWARE, in March, and on potatoes and peppers during May and June, Populations did not build up on potatoes in New Castle and Kent Counties until mid-July. From late July to early September, chemical control was necessary on peppers where green peach aphid populations tended to remain very high in most areas of Delaware. Several infestations also occurred on cabbage in Kent County. Green peach aphid was again generally light on peppers in Wicomico and Worcester Counties, MARYLAND, and light to moderate infestations occurred on young spinach in Baltimore County during the fall. This pest caused no commercial damage to the first crop of spinach on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA, but a few were present on fall spinach in that area. Green peach aphid was heavy on cabbage, and retarded plant growth in Alachua County and in the Belle Glade area of Palm Beach County, FLORIDA, during February. This aphid appeared at Homestead, Dade County, about mid-January, and increased to injurious proportions on potato and tomato. The pest was below normal on celery at Belle Glade on February 17. Populations decreased to numbers difficult to count by the first week of March, In Martin County, this species was reported to have increased on peppers and averaged 25-30 per leaflet at Belle Glade during the first week of March. Green peach aphid was destructively abundant on radish, turnip, eggplant, pepper and potato in OHIO during the 1961 season, and was very common on potatoes this year in WISCONSIN, being very prevalent on this crop from the southern border of the State to Antigo, Langlade County. Populations were high in late August, with vines being killed in spots. Green peach aphid infestations became very heavy on sugar beet in the central area of ARIZONA in mid-February. Populations remained high through March and most of April and were a problem on safflower, lettuce, carrot and potato, as well as sugar beet. Fall infestations of this aphid began increasing in late October and heavy infestations required controls on sugar beet, lettuce and carrot during November and December. Heavy infestations occurred during the spring and fall on turnip, Swiss chard, spinach, radish,pepper and eggplant. Green peach aphid was found to be developing in stored potatoes in Weld County, COLORADO, early in March. When conditions such as this occur, it can be expec- ted that potato fields in the area may be infested early. In addition, cull piles can be a source of insects and diseases. Green peach aphid was found in low numbers in potatoes in June and increased slowly through July and August to a moderately high level in September, but numbers present were fewer than during the 1960 season. Controls were very effective during 1961, with populations of this aphid not increasing in fields where these controls were properly used. Green peach aphid infested seed potato fields in Fremont and Caribou Counties, IDAHO, during late July. By early August, populations were low on potatoes at the Tetonia Branch Experiment Station in Teton County. In Fremont County, popu- lation patterns in seed potato fields followed those of previous years, with heaviest infestations in fields nearest the town of Ashton where infestations were developed primarily from infested home vegetable and flower gardens within that town. Populations of the pest were generally lighter than usual in Butte = 206° = and Custer Counties and considerably lighter in Caribou County. Summer forms of green peach aphid overwintered in the southern part of WASHINGTON and were abun= dant on native mustards in April. Populations did not build up to high levels on potatoes in the eastern area, except near Zillah, Yakima County, in mid-July. The aphid seriously damaged sugar beets near Zillah and was more abundant than usual on beets in Walla Walla, Walla Walla County. In CALIFORNIA, green peach aphid was medium on sweetpotatoes in San Bernardino County, heavy on potatoes in Santa Cruz County, and scattered, light infestations occurred in Kern County. Populations ranged light to heavy on tomatoes and peppers in Orange County, were heavy on sugar beets and tomatoes in Yolo County, medium on beans in San Diego County, and medium on spinach in Monterey County. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) occurred in very light populations on truck crops generally over CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season. Also in California, GROUND MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus falcifer) is proving to be a considerable problem in home gardens in Marin County, and varied populations of the pest are also present in the Stockton-Tracy area of San Joaquin County. WHITEFLIES were very heavy in localized areas of CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, particularly on tomato and summer squash, and GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) continued as the major pest of greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers in OHIO this year. Heavy populations of whiteflies occurred on bean plantings in many locations over CALIFORNIA during 1961, and light popula- tions occurred on carrots in the Coachella Valley in Riverside County. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) populations and damage were moderate on asparagus in the Cape Elizabeth area of Cumberland County, MAINE, in late May and early June. This pest was present on a large variety of vegetable crops throughout most of the season from late March to early November in DELAWARE, being most abundant in areas of Sussex County from mid-July through August. Several species of LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) infested beans, carrots, potatoes tomatoes and asparagus to varying degrees over CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season. Heavy infestations of these pests developed on cantaloup in Churchill County, NEVADA, this season, and caused blossom drop and poor early fruit set. The pests were also heavy on potatoes in Eureka, Humboldt and Washoe Counties during July. In IDAHO, populations of Lygus elisus and L. desertus were generally lighter than usual in Butte and Custer Counties and considerably lighter in Caribou County. Lygus spp. were spotted throughout a number of truck gardens in the State during the season. Some late-season buildup on crops occurred in the southwestern area where lygus bugs, in one case, caused considerable damage to a field of beans near Caldwell, Canyon County. Lygus elisus and Lygus spp. were abundant on sugar beet seed crops in southern and northern areas of UTAH in the spring of 1961, but were controlled. L. elisus, L. hesperus, L. desertus and Lygus spp. were again abundant on seed “beet crops in most areas of the State, resulting in poor quality of sugar beet seed wherever control in the bud stage was delayed or omitted, A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) caused light damage to lettuce plantings in San Bernardino County and to water- melons in Fresno and Stanislaus Counties, CALIFORNIA. In TEXAS, one or more species of STINK BUGS attacked a wide variety of crops during the 1961 season. Moderate populations of SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) caused moderate damage to spinach in the Orono area of Penobscot County, MAINE, in mid-June, and damage was severe to this same crop in the Yarmouth area of Cumberland County in mid-August. The pest was very common on beets in southeastern counties of WISCONSIN during August, destroying 20 percent of the leaf surface in some instances, and beet fields in Fond du Lac County were treated for spinach leaf miner about July 1. LEAF MINERS were also of some concern in other areas during the 1961 season. They were considered the major pests of truck crops in FLORIDA during the year. = 20% = Control measures were inadequate in a number of cases and it was thought that reinfestations were accomplished by large populations in wild hosts. The popu- lation of leaf miners was extremely high during January, February and early March, but the pests apparently began to decline during mid-March due to an increase of parasites. Several species of leaf miners attacked a wide variety of crops in TEXAS during the season. Unusual leaf miner infestations in most of the greenhouse tomato plantings in northeastern OHIO were Liriomyza sp. In some greenhouses, injury was conspicuous on many tomato leaves, but there was a doubt if any measurable crop reduction occurred, An undetermined SERPENTINE LEAF MINER damaged bean foliage in Weld County, COLORADO, but no loss was observed. Agromyza spp. and Liriomyza spp. were exceptionally active on nearly all truck crops over CALIFORNIA during the season. Pegomya sp. was numerous in chard and beets in areas of the Kenai Peninsula and the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA during the 1961 season. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) caused damage on dill by late July in the Twin Falls area of Twin Falls County, IDAHO, but was not a serious problem in OREGON during the 1961 season. Infestations of this thrips on truck crops varied from light to heavy in Lyon and Washoe Counties, NEVADA, in June, with heavy populations that developed during July and August in these counties requiring controls. Injury to onions by onion thrips was common and average in UTAH during the 1961 season, and the pest also occurred on many other crops in the State, This thrips appeared on onions during the latter part of June in COLORADO, but the use of controls kept populations at rather low levels throughout the season. In untreated fields, however, populations developed to the point that counts ranged 40-80 thrips per plant throughout the past season. In OHIO, onion thrips populations were unusually low during 1961. FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) was reported on a wide variety of crops during 1961 in IDAHO, being particularly evident on carrot and onion seed fields in Canyon County during July, and damaged dill near Parmer, Canyon County, during the same period. In carrot seed fields, numbers averaged from 5 per umbel in the green=spiney stage to 18 per umbel in full bloom, In un- treated onion seed fields, numbers ranged 10-60 per umbel on checks made July 7. By late July, damage from this thrips occurred on dill in the Twin Falls area of Twin Falls County. Undetermined species of THRIPS were abundant on beans, cucumbers, onions and peppers in MARYLAND during 1961, and several species attacked a wide variety of crops in TEXAS during the season. Thrips began to increase on lettuce in NEW MEXICO during April but caused only minor damage to outer leaves. Popula- tions were kept to a minimum in fields of Spanish onions in Dona Ana County by applying controls about every 10 days during June and July. Infestations of thrips (primarily Frankliniella occidentalis) averaging 2-4 thrips per lettuce plant were common during the spring in all areas of ARIZONA, Very heavy infes-— tations of thrips were present in the blooms and terminal growth of melons, and medium populations occurred on some young onions in the State. In general, thrips were present on a large range of hosts and were active all year in CALIFORNIA. Heavy populations occurred on cabbage and truck crops in Imperial Valley, and were light to medium locally on pole beans in San Diego County; populations were locally medium on spinach and chili peppers in Orange County, damaged beans in Stanislaus County, and were light on onions in Siskiyou County; also light on beans in Colusa County. Also in California, F. occidentalis was light generally on truck crops in San Diego County; light on garlic and onions in, Kern County; medium to heavy on truck crops locally in Santa Cruz County; and present, with apparently little damage, over most of the State. Thrips populations in Mesa County, COLORADO, caused extensive damage to cabbage during July, and often caused damage to beans in UTAH, especially in home gardens. A THRIPS (Taeniothrips orionis) continued to be damaging to cabbage plants in the Fairbanks area of ALASKA again this season, as well as being damaging to cucumber blossoms in this same area, = 208) Also in Alaska, undetermined species of SPRINGTAILS continued to be a minor nuisance in early plantings of vegetables in cold, low-lying soils in the Matanuska and Tanana Valleys. These pests also damaged cabbage and carrots, as well as lettuce, in the State during the season. In CALIFORNIA, springtails were particularly damaging to bean seedlings in Santa Cruz County and damaged young tomato plantings in Yolo County. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) continued abundant in home gardens in many areas of IDAHO during 1961, where it has become one of the most annoying pests in gardens in the State. In CALIFORNIA, European earwig caused heavy damage to cucumber seedlings in San Joaquin County, was medium in artichoke gardens in Santa Cruz County, and was a definite pest in home gardens in many locations in the northern portion of the State. There were very few occurrences of GRASSHOPPER damage to crops in CALIFORNIA this year, other than to home gardens; however, heavy populations of these pests did occur in carrots in Imperial County and were light in corn in Glenn County. A desert species was particularly damaging to new asparagus plantings in Coachella Valley, Riverside County. Also in California, heavy populations of FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) occurred on truck crops in Imperial and Santa Clara Counties. In OKLAHOMA, several species of grasshoppers caused extensive damage to home gardens in many isolated localities throughout the State. A heavy population of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) caused severe damage in a l5d-acre field of sugar beets near Neche, Pembina County, NORTH DAKOTA, and heavy infestations of this mite were common on raspberry in many communities in the State. Two-spotted spider mite often caused damage to beans in UTAH, especially in home gardens; and became extremely abundant on garden beans in the Boise area of Ada County, and in the Caldwell and Nampa areas of Canyon County, IDAHO, causing extensive damage during mid- August. Populations of this spider mite built up on hops in the Mount Angel district of Marion County, OREGON, during late July and reached extremely high levels on potato plantings near Portland, Multnomah County, where feeding caused wilting of foliage during the week of July 30. In WASHINGTON, two-spotted spider mite damaged potatoes at Quincy, Grant County, during July and August, and sporadic damage occurred in other eastern localities of the State, with sugar beets, mint and hops also being attacked. Heavy popula- tions of this mite caused heavy damage to raspberries and also to straw- berries in the western portion of Washington during late July. Two-spotted spider mite was one of the most damaging mites in CALIFORNIA this season, and infestations continued over most of the year. Populations were moderate on pole beans in San Diego County, heavy on sugar beets and beans in San Joaquin County, heavy on string beans in Orange and Butte Counties, and was a serious pest of gardens statewide, BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) infestations on truck crops in NEVADA varied from light to heavy in Lyon and Washoe Counties during June. SPIDER MITES were also of concern in several other areas during the 1961 season. Tetranychus spp. became serious on several plantings of cantaloup and watermelon in Wicomico County, MARYLAND; and undetermined species caused considerable injury to eggplants and beans on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA in August; and were numer-— ous in all strawberry fields in that area during late April and early May. Tetranychus spp. were common on garden plants, particularly tomato, in north central, central and south central areas of OKLAHOMA during Jume and July, and various species of spider mites were a problem on commercial and home vegetable gardens throughout TEXAS. In ARIZONA, heavy infestations of Tetranychus cinna- barinus occurred on sugar beets in the spring and on melons in the spring and early summer of 1961. GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) caused considerable loss to fields of sugar beets in Weld County, COLORADO, and the pest attacked home gardens and occasionally commercial crops in scattered localities in northern and central areas of UTAH during the season. Garden symphylan continued to be one of the = 209 - most important pests in OREGON during 1961, with losses reported in all irrigated areas. Damage to beet seedlings was extensive in Yamhill County, and rhubarb, beans and strawberries required replanting in the Willamette Valley. Garden symphylan damaged asparagus in the lower Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON during May and June, but attempted controls were unsatisfactory, with an average of 34.5 punctures per spear in plot samples. BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) was collected for the first time in OREGON during 1961, and was found for the first time in UTAH during the season where it infested vegetables, as well as flowers and shrubs, in the Holladay area of Salt Lake County. SNAILS and SLUGS were not numerous in commercial vegetable fields in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season. Insects Attacking Solanaceous Crops Highlights: Infestation of EUROPEAN CORN BORER in pepper pods approached 100 percent in New Castle County, Delaware, during September, and the pest was of considerable concern in this crop in southeastern Michigan this year. HORNWORMS were serious on tomatoes in South Dakota during early September, and very abun- dant on this crop in some areas of Indiana during July and again the first part of September. Medium to heavy populations of POTATO TUBERWORM occurred on potato plantings in several California counties. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE was moderate to heavy in southern Georgia; damaging throughout Texas; ranged light to heavy in south central and southeastern Oklahoma; adults were abundant in areas of Idaho; and the pest continued one of the most abundant species on potatoes in eastern Washington. POTATO FLEA BEETLE was a serious problem on potatoes throughout the 1961 season in Indiana. TOMATO RUSSET MITE ranged light to medium heavy on tomatoes from Santa Barbara County to Colusa County in California. PEPPER MAGGOT populations were relatively high in New Jersey. FOR IO IO OK A aK 2K ak A aK aK EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) infestations in untreated peppers during late August and September averaged approximately 20 percent in Sussex County, DELAWARE, and several large fields of peppers in New Castle County approached 100-percent infestation of pods during September. Early infesta- tions by first-generation borers during the first week of June, in young pepper plants, were noted in Sussex County; approximately one percent died. Infesta- tions in potatoes were rather common in New Castle and Kent Counties during May and June, but were generally higher in several large fields in eastern Kent County. Larvae attacked eggplant generally. European corn borer entries in peppers were noted in Beaverdam, Worcester County, MARYLAND, on July 26, and some damage to peppers occurred in isolated plantings this season. Although a serious pest of peppers during 1961 in OHIO, European corn borer was seldom found on this crop during the 1961 season. However, the pest did cause considerable trouble on peppers in the southeastern portion of MICHIGAN this year, where two broods are more prevalent. Larvae of TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinguemaculata) were observed damaging tomatoes in the Smithfield area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, in mid- August. Light infestations appeared in CALIFORNIA during July, and developed into medium populations through October from Colusa County to Santa Barbara County, but infestations were not as widespread as in 1960. Infestations of HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) were light to moderate on tomatoes in GEORGIA this season, although they were serious on this crop during 1960 in that State. TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sexta) and tomato hornworm were very abundant on tomatoes in some areas of INDIANA | during July and again the first half of Septem- ber. A majority of the larvae, a approximately 90 percent, were tobacco hornworn, and parasitism of both species was highly erratic in Indiana this season. Tomato hornworm was quite a serious pest of tomatoes in SOUTH DAKOTA during early Sep- tember, and damaging numbers of the species occurred in localized areas of TEXAS PAO) | during the 1961 season. Hornworms were only a minor problem on tomatoes and chili peppers in Dona Ana, Luna, Sierra, Socorro and Lea Counties, NEW MEXICO. Controls for TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) were used early on tomatoes in COLORADO and tomato hornworm caused normal to above-normal damage to tomatoes and potatoes in UTAH this season. Also in Utah, POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) was rare in fields of potatoes in the southwestern area and absent in other areas of the State. Medium to heavy populations occurred in CALIFORNIA on potato plantings in Kern, Santa Barbara, Kings, Riverside, San Bernardino and Santa Cruz Counties, and damage was light to tomatoes in a few locations in the State this season, Potato tuberworm caused rather heavy damage to foliage of fall potatoes on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA in September and early October. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) was unusually numerous on potatoes on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, causing considerable damage to foliage. TOMATO PIN- WORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) populations were much below normal in CALIFORNIA during 1961 and TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) infested a tomato planting in Redwood City, San Mateo County. First COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) adults of the season in RHODE ISLAND began to appear about June 1, with first instars evident about June 15, Mature larvae were present on June 30, new adults by July 25, and second-generation eggs were first observed August 3. Seasonal populations of this beetle were unusually heavy in the State this year. Colorado potato beetle was of economic importance on potatoes in parts of several fields in CONNECTICUT for the first time in at least 15 years; and was present in abundance early in the season on potatoes and tomatoes in NEW JERSEY, with populations high and damaging in May. Colorado potato beetle was present on potatoes and tomatoes from early May to mid-July in DELAWARE, with large numbers occurring on potatoes only on small truck crop farms and home gardens. This beetle was also a pest in several areas of the State on tomatoes, Colorado potato beetle was light to moderate on commercial acreages of potatoes and tomatoes but heavy in many home gardens in MARYLAND this season; and caused some damage to tomatoes on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA, being extremely abundant in some areas of this sec- tion of the State. Two complete broods occurred on potatoes this year, which is unusual for the species in Virginia. The pest was moderate to heavy on potatoes in southern GEORGIA during 1961. Colorado potato beetle was damaging throughout TEXAS during 1961, and popula- tions ranged light to heavy on potatoes in south central and southeastern areas of OKLAHOMA during late May, the pest being common on many plants throughout June. Scattered populations of this beetle in the Red River Valley of NORTH DAKOTA were the highest in several years, but controls were effective in redu- cing damage in commercial fields. However, noneconomic populations persisted well into the summer in many localities in the area, Light infestations of Colorado potato beetle occurred on potatoes in some areas of WYOMING during the 1961 season, but little damage was dome and only limited controls were used. In UTAH, local damage occurred in Weber and Davis Counties and was also present in Kanab County. Adults of Colorado potato beetle were abundant on potatoes and egg deposition was common in Bingham and Bonneville Counties, IDAHO, during June. Light infestations occurred during July in seed potato fields in Caribou, Butte and Custer Counties, and by late July in potato fields in Madison, Jefferson and Fremont Counties. In August, populations of this beetle were very scattered throughout 300 acres in Blaine County, with spotted infestations also reported in Minidoka County. Colorado potato beetle continued ta be one of the most abundant pests of potato plants in the eastern portion of WASHINGTON this past season. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) attacked potatoes over much of the southern part of MONTANA during 1961, and moderate adult infestations were Seatac present in commercial fields in the Red River Valley of NORTH DAKOTA early in June. Controls were initiated during the week of June 19 in some sections, and following completion of applications in the Red River Valley area, population levels were reduced to noneconomic levels until early August, at which time populations increased rapidly, causing severe damage in untreated fields. This flea beetle was common in potato fields in the eastern portion of SOUTH DAKOTA, with moderate leaf damage. Potato flea beetle was a serious problem on potatoes throughout the 1961 season in INDIANA. In the past, damage from adult feeding has been serious in the spring, but such feeding was also abundant this year during August and early September, and growers complained that beetles appeared to be more difficult to control by the usual chemical means. Populations of this potato pest were normal in OHIO except in a few areas where resistance to the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides is indicated. Potato flea beetle was abundant and troublesome on potatoes and tomatoes in all sections of MARYLAND; was present on potatoes, but not in damaging numbers, in PENNSYLVANIA; and was numerous on potatoes and tomatoes late in the season in NEW JERSEY. Overwintering and new-generation adults of this flea beetle were unusually scarce in RHODE ISLAND during 1961. First adults were late in the State, emerging about the first week of June. In VERMONT, potato flea beetle was prevalent on potatoes and tomatoes. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was abundant and troublesome on potatoes and tomatoes in all sections of MARYLAND, and up to 8 per plant injured tomato transplants in Jackson County, OREGON, May 20. TUBER FLEA BEETLE (E. tuberis) adults were numerous on potato foliage May 16 in Clackamas County, Oregon, with resistance to recommended chemicals having apparently developed in one potato-growing area. Populations of this beetle were light to moderate in most potato-growing areas of COLORADO and did not require controls: Various FLEA BEETLES were abundant and of concern in NORTH CAROLINA. EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE (E. fuscula) was destruc- tive to eggplant in MARYLAND. THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) adults were first observed on June 5 in RHODE ISLAND, with the seasonal population ranging light to moderate in most potato-growing areas in the vicinity of South Kingstown. Small numbers of the pest were swept from potatoes in most fields in the northwestern area of PENNSYLVANIA during the season, MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) attacked tomatoes during late July in RHODE ISLAND, and defoliated tomatoes and potatoes locally in VIRGINIA this season. Margined blister beetle and BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (E. pennsylvanica) were very numerous in fields of potatoes in northwestern PENNSYLVANIA during 1961, with large spots in fields completely defoliated, and infestations of a STRIPED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) were light on tomatoes in GEORGIA this season. Spotted infestations of ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (E. fabricii) occurred during late June on potatoes in the Idaho Falls area of Bonneville County, IDAHO, but feeding damage was generally minor. PACIFIC COAST WIREWORM (Limonius canus) was collected at Winchester and Moses Lake in Grant County, WASHINGTON, during 1961, indicating that this species is gradually spreading into Columbia Basin irrigated areas. The pest damaged potato seed pieces and developing tubers at these locations. DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp. and Metoponium spp.) caused medium,early damage to tomato plantings in Yolo County, and PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) was light on chili peppers in Orange County, CALIFORNIA, POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) was first observed June 30 in RHODE ISLAND, with season populations remaining low during 1961, and populations of the pest were again light to moderate on commercial potato and tomato fields in MARYLAND. Potato aphid populations increased to a higher level in the San Luis Valley than in any other potato-growing area of COLORADO during 1961. In most cases, AIL} controls kept populations at low levels in the State, with the highest number, 5,000 per 100 leaves, being reported during August. Potato aphid was extremely rare throughout the potato seed growing area of southeastern IDAHO during 1961, and only trace populations of the pest occurred on tomato plantings locally in Orange County, CALIFORNIA. Light infestations of POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) occurred on matrimony- vine and potatoes in the panhandle area of NEBRASKA from June through August, and surveys of matrimonyvine and potato cull piles in WYOMING during the last week of May and the first week of June indicated that heavy infestations of this pest might occur in that State during the 1961 season. However, a 2-week period of 90-100-degree temperatures during mid-June decreased populations to the extent that they did not become serious in Wyoming this year. Potato psyllid caused reduction of potato yield in some areas of COLORADO during this past season, but controls on tomatoes were applied early. Light infestations of potato psyllid were present on wild host plants (Lycium spp.) during early March in ARIZONA, and a few adults and eggs appeared on potatoes. Infestations were general throughout the central potato=-growing areas of the State into May, but were very light in most cases. Medium infestations of this psyllid were present on some winter tomatoes in Yuma County. In MONTANA, a TREEHOPPER (Publilia modesta) was extremely abundant in fields of potatoes in Deer Lodge County during the 1961 season, but no damage was noted. The incidence of PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) was the highest in NEW JERSEY during the 1961 season than it has been for a number of years. Also in New Jersey, a VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) was abundant on tomatoes late in the 1961 season. VINEGAR FLIES (@rosophila spp.) appeared much later in the season during 1961 than during 1960, and were not a serious problem around tomato canneries on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND, and infestations on toma- toes were unusually light in the eastern portion of VIRGINIA this year. Drosophila spp. populations were normal in several tomato canning crop areas of OHIO in late September, and D. melanogaster was not a problem in tomato fields of INDIANA until the last of September, with populations becoming heavy in that State in October. Populations of this pest were moderate to occasionally high in tomato fields in UTAH in the fall of 1961. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculus lycopersici) was not encountered on tomatoes in the State this season, but light to medium populations occurred on tomatoes in CALIFORNIA from Santa Barbara County to Colusa County. In TEXAS, considerable damage to tomatoes was caused by MOLE CRICKETS (Gryllotalpa spp.) in Brazos County. Insects Attacking Cucurbits Highlights: STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE infestations and damage were heavy in an area of Androscoggin County, Maine; populations were more abundant in Delaware than in 1960; adults were abundant and injurious on the Eastern Shore of Mary- land; and the pest was more numerous in Indiana than in the past several years. SQUASH VINE BORER caused heavy injury in Maryland and was a problem in the Espanola Valley in New Mexico. SQUASH BUG caused considerable damage throughout Texas this season and was a problem on cantaloup in Valencia County, New Mexico. FE AE 2 2K aE 6 2c 6 2K 2 2g og 2c a 2k 2k = 213 = Heavy populations of STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) caused heavy damage to cucumbers and squash in the Auburn area of Androscoggin County, MAINE, during mid-June and also caused moderate damage to cucumbers in Orrington, Penobscot County, in late June. Light populations of this beetle caused moder- ate damage to cucumbers in the Kennebunkport-Wells area of York County in mid- July. Populations of this pest were average in VERMONT during 1961, but were lower than the previous few years in CONNECTICUT, with no cucumber wilt being observed in this State during the past season. Striped cucumber beetle was present in moderate numbers on cucumbers in NEW JERSEY, and populations were considerably more abundant in DELAWARE during 1961 than in 1960. Beginning in mid-May and continuing to late June, this pest was a serious problem on most young cucurbits in Delaware, particularly in southwestern Sussex County. Adults of striped cucumber beetle were abundant and injurious to foliage and flowers of cucumber and squash on the Eastern Shore and in central areas of MARYLAND, and was occasionally encountered on melons in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. Striped cucumber beetle was definitely less numerous in most areas of OHIO this year; but was more numerous than in the past several years in INDIANA, where damage was severe throughout the State, caused mostly by adults feeding at the bases of stems in early June when the weather was cold. Striped cucum- ber beetle defoliated a commercial planting of cucumbers in Jefferson County, WISCONSIN, during the first week of July; however, this pest was not a major problem in most areas of the State. Local infestations of this beetle occurred on pumpkins in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA, and populations were moderately abundant on cucumbers during the latter part of the summer in SOUTH DAKOTA. Striped cucumber beetle caused moderate damage to susceptible crops in southern areas of UTAH this year. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) also caused moderate damage to susceptible crops in southern portions of UTAH during 1961, as well as being moderately abundant on cucumbers during the latter part of the summer in SOUTH DAKOTA. Heavy populations of this beetle occurred on young watermelon plants in southeastern and northwestern OKLAHOMA during the 1961 season, and the pest was: also common on truck crops in the southeast area of the State. The pest was rather abundant throughout INDIANA, with damage from feeding on cucurbits and some other vegetables being high. However, cucurbit wilt was not more abundant in Indiana than usual. Spotted cucumber beetle was more numerous on cucurbits on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA during 1961 than for several years, and numbers on cucurbits were moderate in NEW JERSEY this season. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) caused moderate feeding injury to rinds of watermelon in Brooks County, GEORGIA. SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) was responsible for heavy injury to isolated plantings of squash and pumpkins in Anne Arundel, Howard and Montgomery Counties, MARYLAND, and was a serious problem on roots and vines of squash in the Espanola Valley in Rio Arriba County, NEW MEXICO, killing a majority of the plants attacked. Populations of SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) were low during the 1961 season in CONNECTICUT, with low winter temperatures probably having been responsible for this situation. This coreid bug caused limited damage to truck and garden crops in OKLAHOMA this season, but was responsible for considerable damage to cucurbits throughout TEXAS. Squash bug was a problem on cantaloup fields in Valencia County, NEW MEXICO, during July, with treatments being effective only for short periods of time; and populations of this pest were above normal in Churchill County, NEVADA, from midsummer through the fall. Heavy infestations of MELON APHID (Aphis phis gossypii) also developed on cantaloup in this area of Nevada during June, and the pest caused about normal damage to cucumbers, squash and cantaloup in UTAH during 1961. An EARWIG (Euborellia cincticollis) was fairly heavy on watermelons in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA, this year. Infestations of CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica spp.) were medium to heavy on cucumbers in Yavapai and Navajo Counties, ARIZONA, during the summer of 1961. - 214 - Insects Attacking Crucifers Highlights: IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM was abundant and caused considerable damage to crucifers in several states, particularly in untreated plantings. CABBAGE APHID was abundant and required controls in Multnomah and Marion Counties, Oregon; was heavy during the winter months in Arizona; and was more numerous than in previous years in Wisconsin. RED TURNIP BEETLE was very destructive in the Kenny Lake area of the Cooper River Valley in Alaska. This is the first report of an insect problem in this area. CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL was reported for the first time in North Carolina during the 1961 season; this was also the first record of the pest in the eastern part of the Nation. HARLEQUIN BUG was heavy in scattered sec- tions of Texas and was locally damaging throughout Oklahoma. CABBAGE MAGGOT caused losses in several states, with those in Multnomah County, Oregon, being the heaviest in several years. Resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbons by cabbage maggot was reported throughout central Washington. TURNIP MAGGOT continued as the most serious and consistent insect problem in Alaska. FF I HIE IE 2 2K iC aK 22 2s 2g 2 2c > 2c IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was abundant and required controls on cruci-= fer plantings in Multnomah and Marion Counties, OREGON, from August through October 1 and injury by this pest was nearly average to cole crops in UTAH. Generally heavy infestations of imported cabbageworm occurred on cabbage in the lower Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS, but were light on that crop in southern GEORGIA and heavy locally on broccoli in Spalding County. The pest was observed in southern Dane County, WISCONSIN, on May 13, with egg laying noted on cabbage in Columbia, Dane and Jefferson Counties during the last week of June. Exten- sive leaf damage occurred on untreated garden plantings in the State. Imported cabbageworm was abundant on cabbage and related crops during late August and in September in INDIANA, and populations were unusually low in OHIO during the season. Populations were quite heavy on late cabbage during June and numerous on scattered cole crop plantings during late July in VIRGINIA, and were heavy on cole crops in all sections of MARYLAND by mid-June. Imported cabbageworm was abundant on cole crops in NEW JERSEY throughout the 1961 season; was moderately abundant in NEW HAMPSHIRE; and adults were observed in flight and mating in the Monmouth area of Kennebec County, MAINE, on May 23. Injury by DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) to cole crops was nearly average in UTAH during the 1961 season, and a few were observed in fields of cabbage in COLORADO, but no damage was reported this season. Light to moderate infestations of this pest occurred on cabbage in GEORGIA; heavy larval infesta= tions developed on collards in the Painter area of Accomack County, VIRGINIA, and were numerous on scattered cole crops during late July. Larvae of EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) attacked cabbage in various areas of DELAWARE during the 1961 season, RED TURNIP BEETLE (Entomoscelis americana) was very destructive in the Kenny Lake area near Chitina in the Cooper River Valley of ALASKA, This is the first report of an insect problem in this area; all crucifers were heavily damaged. The pest was also destructive to broccoli and turnips in the Tanana Valley, but caused no trouble in the Eagle area during the 1961 season, although it was very destructive in this area during 1960. Heavy infestations of what probably was WESTERN POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix subcrinita) were present on crucifers in Multnomah County, OREGON, during July, and heavy populations of a FLEA BEETLE (probably Hemiglyptus basalis) occurred on broccoli plantings locally in Santa Cruz County, CALIFORNIA, Light to moderate infestations of PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) occurred on turnips in the Griffin area of Spalding County, GEORGIA, a AK) Adults of CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) became active in the west central Clearwater River area of IDAHO in late April and began migrating into fields in that area. Infestations in host seed crops in the southwestern area of OREGON were generally below those levels noted in previous years. Cabbage seedpod weevil was reported for the first time from NORTH CAROLINA during the 1961 season. Specimens were collected on May 16, 1960, in Henderson County, when 1-2 adults per turnip plant were found, but determination by R. E. Warner was not made until 1961. This also constitutes a new record for the Eastern United States. Localized infestations of CABBAGE CURCULIO (Ceutorhyn= chus rapae) occurred on cabbage plantings in lower Northampton County, VIRGINIA, and light to heavy infestations of VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) were present on foliage and roots of turnips in GEORGIA during the 1961 season. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) was abundant on crucifer plantings in Multnomah and Marion Counties, OREGON, from August through October 1 and required controls; but populations were generally light on cole crops in coas- tal areas of CALIFORNIA this season. The pest was local, or minor, in impor- tance on truck crops during the year in ARIZONA, but infestations were heavy on cole crops in the State throughout the winter months. Cabbage aphid was more numerous than in previous years in WISCONSIN and proved difficult to control, This aphid was noted in Kenosha and Walworth Counties in early June. A few isolated infestations of cabbage aphid occurred on late season cole crops in NEW JERSEY during the 1961 season, and local infestations in Baltimore County, MARYLAND, necessitated controls. Aphid infestations on kale and turnip greens in the State were also probably this species. Infestations of cabbage aphid ranged light to medium on cabbage in southern GEORGIA, but were generally lighter than in previous years. In OKLAHOMA, TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) caused a limited amount of damage to truck and garden crops in 1961,and HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) caused some localized damage throughout the State. Harlequin bug was heavy on turnips, radishes and other crops in scattered sec- tions of TEXAS during the season, and was present on cabbage during June and July in Pueblo and Adams Counties, COLORADO, where damage was light. Medium local populations of this pest developed on cabbage in San Joaquin County, CALIFORNIA. Eggs of CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) were found in the Orono area of Penobscot County, and larvae in Bucksport, Hancock County, MAINE, by May 26. Damage from this pest was moderate to seed cabbage in Yarmouth, Cumberland County, and heavy to cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli in the Orono area early in June. Cabbage maggot was present in about usual numbers throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE and caused losses to several commercial growers in VERMONT, but adult populations were not very apparent in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season. In NEW JERSEY, a moderate infestation occurred early in the season. Cabbage maggot caused locally heavy damage to cole crops in Santa Cruz County, CALIFORNIA, this season. This pest severely injured early cabbage, cauliflower, turnips and ruta- bagas in Multnomah County, OREGON, this season. Losses were the heaviest in several years in that State, with some plantings a total loss. Populations of this pest were moderate in western WASHINGTON, with heavy damage occurring to crucifers in June. Resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbons is now found through- out the central portion of western Washington. TURNIP MAGGOT (Hylemya floralis) continued to be the most serious and consistent insect problem in ALASKA again during 1961, and was destructive in all areas of the State in which crucifers can be grown. Insects Attacking Beans and Peas Highlights: MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE was found in Idaho for the second consecutive year within the area found infested during 1960, and was also found for the first time in the southwestern part of the State. This pest was reported for the first time in Kansas during 1961, and was damaging to beans in several other Eastern PMG). and Southern States during the year. PEA APHID was abundant on peas in areas of Idaho during June, and BEAN APHID was heavy on beans in areas of California and Washington. MITES also caused some damage to beans in California during the 1961 season, 2 A 2 2K 2 OK 2 EE 2 2 2 216 ie 2s ic 2 2k > 2k MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) infestations were discovered in IDAHO for the second year. A single adult was collected June 9 in Jerome, Jerome County, within the area which had been infested during 1960. Eradicative measures were repeated again in 1961 on July 12, following the recognition of 6 additional infestations in the city. In mid-August, heavy infestations of all stages of the pest were noted in city gardens at Boise, Ada County. Surveys indicated scattered infestations throughout approximately a one=square=mile area in the northwest section of the city. This was the first instance of an infestation of this insect occurring in the southwestern part of Idaho and an eradicative program was organ= ized there. Mexican bean beetle caused serious damage in a number of northern and central counties in UTAH, but was not a serious problem in WYOMING during the 1961 season. A few fields were moderately infested in Wyoming, but control measures were effective in keeping damage to a minimum. This pest appeared in bean fields in COLORADO the first week of June. Populations ranged light to medium in dry beans, but increased to 100-300 per 100 plants in some fields of snap beans during the latter part of July. Appearance in NEBRASKA was first noted on early beans in the panhandle area during mid-June. Mexican bean beetle was reported in KANSAS for the first time during the 1961 season and was the major truck crop insect in the State, being reported on beans in Johnson, Wyandotte and Leavenworth Counties; and was also damaging to bean plants in the western panhandle area of TEXAS. Infestations of Mexican bean beetle were light to heavy on beans in GEORGIA, being heavier this year than in previous years; but was about normal in abundance, generally, in OHIO. Mexican bean beetle was abundant in NORTH CAROLINA and populations were above normal in MARYLAND this season, causing considerable damage to beans in most sections of the State during July and August. In DELAWARE, the pest was generally more abundant this season than during 1960. Serious feeding injury was first noted on beans in eastern Sussex County during the first week of June and,by late June and throughout July and August, sporadic, heavy infestations occurred on lima beans, especially in Sussex County. Mexican bean beetle occurred in moderate numbers on beans in NEW JERSEY, with heaviest infestations late in the season. Season populations were very light in RHODE ISLAND, and the pest was again relatively scarce in NEW HAMPSHIRE, even in home gardens. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) adults caused considerable foliage injury to beans in all sections of MARYLAND during 1961, and the pest heavily infested young beans during May and was unusually troublesome during the fall in VIRGINIA. Bean leaf beetle was abundant in NORTH CAROLINA, and infestations ranged light to heavy in GEORGIA, most being moderate. The pest caused minor damage to garden beans in eastern KANSAS this year. Light populations of CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica spp.) were general on beans in Orange County, CALIFORNIA, and general controls for PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) were applied to canning peas in UTAH following the above-average winter survival of this pest in that State. NUTTALL BLISTER BEETLE (Lytta nuttallii) damaged beans in a truck farm at Cut Bank, Glacier County, MONTANA, during late June. A SAP BEETLE (Meligethes nigrescens) appeared to be adversely affected by extremely high temperatures during July in OREGON, just as the species was increasing on beans in the Willamette Valley. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was present on peas in DELAWARE from late April to mid-June, with highest populations of 7-80 per sweep occurring in areas of Sussex County around late May and early June. Counts averaged 15-20 per sweep during the first half of June, and the pest was common in many fields in New Castle and Kent Counties. Alate forms of pea aphid migrated from alfalfa to = 217 — 2-inch peas during the third week of May in WISCONSIN. Populations increased rapidly and reached a peak during the first week of June, at which time counts averaged 38, 8 and 130 per sweep in prebloom peas in the south central, east central and southwest areas, respectively. Field treatments began at this point, particularly in the southern part of the State. However, a sharp decrease in populations occurred during the next week and most treatment was stopped. Numbers remained low in Wisconsin until the last week of July, when they began to build up, and some treatment of late-planted peas was conducted. Injury to canning peas by pea aphid was again light in UTAH this season. The pest began moving into pea fields at lower elevations in the Lewiston area of Nez Perce County, IDAHO, during early May and,by early June, was particularly abundant on Austrian winter peas in the Clearwater River area. By June 30, exceedingly abundant populations of pea aphid occurred on peas in the Nezperce area of Lewis County, but they were below those reported during mid-June in that area. By late July, populations in pea fields in northern Idaho had decreased drastically due perhaps to predator pressures, By late August, some resurgence of population levels occurred, but these were confined to fields of alfalfa in the pea-growing areas of central Idaho. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) was often damaging to beans in UTAH during 1961, especially in home gardens, and some heavy infestations of this pest occurred on beans in Clark County, WASHINGTON, by late July. First seasonal observance of bean aphid in OREGON was on June 26 at Stayton, Marion County, which is unusually early. Foliage damage to bush beans was reported from Multnomah County, but seasonal activity of this pest was reduced from previous years. Heavy populations of bean aphid developed on beans in the Chico area of Butte County and were medium on beans in the Chino area of San Bernardino County, CALIFORNIA. Populations varied light to heavy on beans generally in Orange County; were heavy on lima beans in Ventura County; and light to medium on beans in coastal Santa Barbara County. Also in California, heavy local populations of an APHID (Aphis craccivora) developed on beans in Orange County and were moderate on blackeye peas in the South Bay area and Pauma Valley in San Diego County. GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) damaged various kinds of beans in numerous localities of VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. Apparently this bug carries a yeast which is injected into the beans and causes a spot on the developing bean, which results in a pithy-like appearance beneath the feeding puncture, WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) caused some damage to beans in IDAHO during the 1961 season in the Rupert area of Minidoka County, the Filer and Twin Falls areas of Twin Falls County, and in the Gooding area of Gooding County. This insect had caused virtually no damage to beans in the State during the 3-4 years prior to the current season. Two noctuids were of some concern to beans in CALIFORNIA this past geason. BEAN LEAF SKELETONIZER (Autoplusia egena) was generally prevalent on Jima bean plantings in Orange County, and CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) populations were general over the State. Although corn earworm was present in very light populations early in the year, the pest did not develop heavy populations until midsummer and then continued through the year, Light to medium local infestations of LIMA-BEAN POD BORER (Etiella zinckenella) occurred in lima bean plantifgs in Orange County, California. The pest was occasionally encountered on beans in VIRGINIA during 1961, and LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) heavily infested 2 fields of beans on the Eastern Shore of that State. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) larvae attacked beans in various areas of DELAWARE this past season, and larvae of COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) injured bean pods and plants in the Kingston area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, early in August. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) infested a 12-acre field of snap beans in James City County, VIRGINIA, and adults were extremely abundant on all kinds of plants throughout the State, with numerous reports being received from early May ct Cats). through the summer. Most specimens were dead when observed, having been killed by a fungus. PEA LEAF MINER (Liriomyza langei) was not a serious problem in OREGON during 1961. BEAN THRIPS (Hercothrips fasciatus) severely damaged garden beans in Teton County, MONTANA, during the 1961 season, and GRASSHOPPERS caused considerable damage to bean fields adjacent to rangeland infestations in Dolores County, COLORADO, WHITEFLIES were general on bean plantings in many locations over CALIFORNIA, with several local infestations being heavy; and MITES required controls on beans in Tehama County, caused defoliation of this crop in Butte County, and damaged bean plantings in Sutter County. Also in California, medium, local populations of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) damaged lima bean plantings in Irvine, Orange County; were heavy on beans in Butte County; and were light on this latter crop in coastal Santa Barbara County. Insects Attacking Beets Highlights: The BEET LEAFHOPPER survey in Washington indicated the overwintering population present in 1961 was one-fifth that present in 1960; and the potential population in southern Idaho was partially eliminated by early June due to desic- cation of desert host plants. Curly top caused some damage to several crops in Utah, Heavy larval infestations of BEET WEBWORM were general throughout the Red River Valley in North Dakota and controls were applied to most acreages to protect the beet crop. Moth flights were heavy during Jume in the Red River Valley, both in North Dakota and Minnesota, FO I I ORI I AKI AK KKK The BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) survey in WASHINGTON indicated the overwintering population in 1961 to be about one-fifth that of 1960. The spring generation matured on mustard and adults appeared in beet fields during June. Up to 20 adults per square foot were present on wasteland and roadside plants in the Parma area of Canyon County, IDAHO, in early April, but, by early June, desert host plants had dried and eliminated part of the potential beet leaf= hopper population in the southern part of the State. In addition, approximately 15,000 acres were sprayed for beet leafhopper control during the spring of 1961. The incidence of curly top was very low in tomatoes, melons and other susceptible crops in CALIFORNIA, Beet leafhopper was responsible for some curly-top damage to sugar beets in UTAH, as well as to tomatoes, potatoes, beans, cucumbers, squash and other susceptible crops. This damage was light, however, when compared with that of 1958. Damage to early market tomatoes in the southern part of the State was higher. Beet leafhopper populations were light in COLORADO during the 1961 season, and losses due to curly top were 1-2 percent in Delta, Garfield, Mesa and Montrose Counties. Moderate numbers of this pest occurred in TEXAS this season, but there were few reports of curly top. There were no reports of severe larval infestations of BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) reported in IDAHO during 1961, but adults were extremely abundant on the evenings of September 14-18 in the Parmer-Wilder area of Canyon County. Beet webworm populations caused less damage in WYOMING during the 1961 season than in 1960. A few sporadic infestations occurred in some fields of sugar beets in the State,but control efforts were highly successful. Beet webworm populations were moderate on sugar beets in COLORADO and controls were applied only in areas where populations were above average for the State. In some areas, numerous eggs were deposited on plants, but no larvae were produced and losses to sugar beets were at low levels. Eggs were found in very low numbers on lettuce and timely control applications prevented any loss. Beet webworm was present in small numbers in NEBRASKA during 1961, but greatly reduced from the popula- tion present in the panhandle area during the 1960 season. Heavy larval =\/2i19) = infestations of beet webworm were general throughout the Red River Valley in NORTH DAKOTA. Controls were applied to most acreages to protect the crop, with an estimated 60,000 acres being treated during the 1961 season. Season develop- ment observations showed moderate to heavy moth flights in many sections during the first week of June and oviposition was common in fields the week of June 12. Several larval infestations of this pyralid were noted week of June 19 and they rapidly reached outbreak proportions. Most beet webworm infestations in North Dakota were controlled by June 30; however, scattered populations requiring treatment continued to develop well into July. Beet webworm moth flights during June were moderate to heavy in the Red River Valley in MINNESOTA, but chemical control was excellent during 1961 and prevented damage in the State. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larval infestations of 1-4 per 10 plants were present in some central ARIZONA lettuce fields in mid-September but were generally light. Light populations were a problem on some sugar beets in the State, and continued through October and November on lettuce. Early instars of ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) ranged 2-20 per plant during early March in a small field of sugar beets in the ground over winter in Canyon County, IDAHO, and larvae were also reported causing damage to sugar beets in a field near Idaho Falls in early June, with damage estimated as heavy. DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (Euxoa messoria) damaged sugar beets in the panhandle area of NEBRASKA during the first week of June; and scattered infestations, probably BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonia) , occurred on sugar beets in northwest MINNESOTA in early June, with controls required in some fields, PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) damaged sugar beets in the Mitchell area of Scotts Bluff County, NEBRASKA, in early June, and caused some injury to sugar beets in Garfield County, COLORADO. In MONTANA, SPOTTED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta maculata) required controls on sugar beet fields in Dawson County. Scattered, light infestations of SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID (Pemphigus betae) were reported in several fields of sugar beets throughout the northern Red River Valley in NORTH DAKOTA, and a SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID (P. balsamiferae) damaged a few fields of sugar beets in UTAH during the 1961 season. SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) caused considerable loss to sugar beets in Weld County, COLORADO, this season; and infestations in sugar beets were much lighter during 1961 in WYOMING, than in 1960, with only a very small amount of damage being found. Most infestations in Wyoming occurred in Washakie and Big Horn Counties. Insects Attacking Onions The ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) population in NEW JERSEY was high during the 1961 season, but the pest caused very light damage to onions in OHIO, due largely to the widespread use of effective insecticides. Onion maggot was a problem in commercial onion fields in Jefferson and Racine Counties, WISCONSIN, this season, Adults were quite abundant in a Jefferson County planting during the third week of July and werea problem in northern areas of the State as well. Losses due to onion maggot, in green table onions, were high in Adams County, COLORADO, and considerable losses occured in green onions near Denver. Adults emerged during the first two weeks of April in Adams County, and increasing numbers were found present during the season. In August and September, the population of this pest reached a peak and, at harvest, onions were 25-100 percent infested. Onion maggot infestations were lower in most areas of NEVADA this season, except in Lyon County, where severe damage occurred. Infestations of this onion pest were again very minor in southwestern IDAHO during 1961. First adults of the season were observed on April 11 near Parma, Canyon County. Onion maggot was locally heavy on onions in Stanislaus County, CALIFORNIA. Populations were below normal in onion-growing areas of OREGON and were much lower than normal in the western portion of WASHINGTON this past season. Onion maggot was of little importance = 220 = in ALASKs during 1961, except in onion sets in a few gardens in the Matanuska Valley. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was medium heavy on onions locally in San Joaquin County, CALIFORNIA, this season. Insects Attacking Asparagus ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) and SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (C. duodecim- punctata) populations were high in NEW JERSEY during the 1961 season, but both pests caused below normal damage to asparagus in northern and central counties of UTAH. Asparagus beetle was light, generally, throughout most of IDAHO during 1961, with moderate infestations noted on asparagus plantings at Burley, Cassia County, during early June. Asparagus beetle was occasionally encountered on asparagus in VIRGINIA this year, and populations were again about normal in MARYLAND on asparagus early in the season and on brush during the summer. All stages of this pest were noted on asparagus in the Esmond area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, in early June, and the beetle was prevalent in VERMONT this season, BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was light on asparagus in the southwest section of Orange County, CALIFORNIA, this season, and populations of a SPIDER MITE (Aplonobia myops) were light on this crop in the Bolsa area of the same county. Insects Attacking Carrots CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) was present in moderate numbers during the 1961 season in NEW JERSEY, and the pest caused considerable injury to carrots in home gardens in Queen Annes County, MARYLAND. First CARROT BEETLE (Bothynus gibbosus) adults of the 1961 season in IDAHO were reported flying on April 28 in the Arena Valley near Parma, Canyon County. Adults were again reported abundant on August 1 in the Arena Valley, where counts ranged 1-3 per square yard, but no infestations were reported on crops in the area, Adults of carrot beetle were abundant in WASHINGTON at Pasco, Franklin County, and at Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, in August, but no damage was reported, CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosea) populations were much lower than usual in the western area of Washington during the 1961 season. Insects Attacking Mint STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) populations increased on edges of mint fields in Jefferson County, OREGON, during late June, and required some controls during July; and undetermined species of CUTWORMS required control on mint fields in the Coberg area of Lane County, Oregon, by July 27. WEBWORMS and a PYRAUSTID (Pyrausta orphisalis) were abundant on mint in the Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON during August and September. CELERY LOOPER (Anagrapha falcifera) and another LOOPER (Autographa precationis) were collected in a light trap at the edge of a field of peppermint in INDIANA; and a NOCTUID (Rachiplusia ou) caused little damage to the mint crop in Indiana during the 1961 season. Insects Attacking Sweetpotatoes MORNING-GLORY LEAF MINER (Bedellia somnulentella) heavily infested several fields of sweetpotatoes near Townsend, Northampton County, VIRGINIA. Defoliation was almost complete and could have caused a drastic reduction in yield had the infes- tation occurred earlier in the season. In CALIFORNIA, this pest was responsible for light leaf mining in sweetpotato plantings in Los Angeles and San Diego = 221 - Counties. LEAF BEETLES (Metriona spp.) were rather heavy on sweetpotatoes on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA during June, and moderate, local infestations of SWEET-— POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) occurred on newly set sweetpotato plants in GEORGIA this season. In NEW MEXICO, sweetpotato fields in Roosevelt County were damaged by ARGUS TORTOISE BEETLE (Chelymorpha cassidea) during late July and August. SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) was reported to have caused damage to sweetpotatoes in the Lumberton area of NORTH CAROLINA for the first time. ae SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus), an important pest of sweet- potatoes, is estimated to cause about 9 million dollars damage annually in the principal sweetpotato=producing states. The crop is valued at about 27 million dollars a year, and infested states have been spending $750,000 or more a year on weevil control. Grower expenditures in commercial areas have been high. The map below gives the status of the control program as of November 10, 1961. SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL CONTROL Ly ts ne a Pany ‘ Infested -Eradication or contro! area i ae f\ : Infested-Nonwork area under quarantine. f ee Principal sweetpotato acreage. é 7 « J= 1,385,000 Vi es 524,000 1,368,00 x JOTE ‘Figures in states show average Production per cwt. 1949 -1958. 294,000 EN ?) yy +2,626,000 837,000 1,316,00C — 171,000 4,872,00' Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations,PPC,ARS, USDA November 10, 1961 Insects Attacking Hops Larvae of HOP LOOPER (Hypena humuli) began appearing in hopyards in the Hermiston area of Umatilla County, OREGON, on July 1, and continued until harvest. Contin- uous flightsof adults, sometimes exceeding 25 per night,were collected in a blacklight trap from June through August. HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) appeared by May 14, which is early, in hopyards in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, and controls were generally applied in early June as populations increased. No further treatments were necessary. Insects Attacking Small Berry Truck Crops Highlights: Damage by STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH was the heaviest in several years in Oregon, with most infestations in Washington County. RASPBERRY CROWN BORER was particularly heavy on raspberries during April in the Twin Falls area of Idaho. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL populations and damage were light to heavy in Maine ,infestations = 222 — were heavier during 1961 than 1960 in Arkansas, and the pest was moderate in all areas of Missouri in early June. Several WEEVILS were damaging to strawberries, raspberries and other cane fruits in Utah, Oregon and Montana. EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM was severe on raspberry plantings in Canyon County, Idaho, during June, and RASPBERRY CANE MAGGOT caused heavy damage to raspberries at Placerville, California. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE infested strawberries in California almost continuously during the 1961 season. 246 2 2S 2 2 2 2 KE 2 2 2 2 2 ig ak 2k STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) appeared in moderate numbers in all areas of MISSOURI early in June, and adults were active in areas of Lan- caster County, NEBRASKA, in April. Infestations of this pest in KANSAS were lighter than normal this season. STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) larvae damaged raspberries at Providence, Cache County, UTAH, and damage by this pest was the heaviest in several years in OREGON, with most infestations occurring in Washington County. Pupation occurred in late May in this State. RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) was particularly heavy on raspberry plantings during April in the Twin Falls area of Twin Falls County, IDAHO, and the pest attacked raspberry plantings in Flathead and Missoula Counties, MONTANA, this season. ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) required controls in some cane- berry fields in the Willamette Valley of OREGON, and berry fields near Gresham, Multnomah County, were treated for this pest during the week of June 11. Inclement weather in Oregon prevented timely controls for OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) in Washington and Multnomah Counties. Larvae of undetermined LEAF ROLLERS killed developing raspberry canes at Garden City, Rich County, UTAH, and were destructive during the spring growth period. A LEAF ROLLER (Archips obsole- tana) was occasionally encountered on strawberries in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, and caused heavy foliage injury to this crop in Frederick and Howard Counties, MARYLAND. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) was present in most strawberry-producing areas of MAINE during the season and infestations and damage ranged light to heavy. This weevil caused considerable damage to strawberry plantings at Glenn Dale, Prince Georges County, MARYLAND. Strawberry weevil appeared in moderate numbers in early June in all areas of MISSOURI, and infestations in ARKANSAS were heavier this season than during 1960. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) , STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (B. ovatus) and a WEEVIL (B. rugosostriatus) damaged many untreated strawberry patches in central and northern areas of UTAH during the 1961 season, as well as causing injury to raspberry roots and other canefruits. Another WEEVIL (Nemocestes incomptus) presented a new threat to strawberry production in Columbia County, OREGON, this year. Also in Oregon, a ROOT WEEVIL (Sciopithes obscurus) was present in above-average numbers in Multnomah County caneberries, and controls were necessary to prevent fruit contamination at harvest. Undetermined species of CROWN BORERS attacked strawberries in Prairie County, MONTANA, during the 1961 season, and STRAWBERRY ROOTWORM (Paria fragariae) killed nearly one-half acre of a large commercial planting during the fall of the year, which was the only injury reported or seen in the State. EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) severely infested raspberry plantings at Caldwell, Canyon County, IDAHO, during June. Egg masses of MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) began appearing in strawberry fields in OREGON the week of April 9, and averaged one egg mass per plant in most fields in northern Marion County by May 10. A LYGAEID BUG (Ozophora sp.) caused moderate, local damage to strawberries in several northeastern counties of TEXAS during the 1961 season; and STRAWBERRY WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes packardi) became abundant on strawberries in Kingston, Washington County, and at East Greenwich, Kent County, RHODE ISLAND, after mid-August, - 223 - RASPBERRY CANE MAGGOT (Pegomya rubivora) caused heavy damage to raspberries at Placerville, El Dorado County, CALIFORNIA. Larvae of an undetermined species of CRANE FLY attacked strawberries in Hill County, MONTANA, during the 1961 season. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) infested strawberries almost continuously during the 1961 season in CALIFORNIA, with unusually high tempera- tures and drying winds causing severe damage before growers were aware of heavy infestations of this mite and too late to apply controls. Medium populations of EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) developed on strawberries during March in Santa Cruz County, California, and,because a great range of ornamentals was also attacked, control in commercial plantings was a problem until the occurrence of rain and cold weather in the area. Populations of undetermined SPIDER MITES were high and created a problem on fruiting raspberry and strawberry plantings in MINNESOTA, but controls were generally successful. Populations of spider mites were held back somewhat by a late spring in MARYLAND, but, by midsummer, popula- tions were heavy on strawberries in all sections of the State. Several hundred acres of strawberries were treated for these pests during August in Wicomico and Somerset Counties. CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was reported from scattered localities in MAINE during the 1961 season, with infestations and damage being moderate in ‘Hancock County and generally light in other locales. In CALIFORNIA, cyclamen mite was of concern to strawberry growers in the Santa Maria area of Santa Barbara County and in the Santa Clara County area, and preventive treatments or controls were used in the Arlington area of Riverside County. Injury by ERIOPHYID MITES to berry crops in UTAH was generally light to normal this season, and undetermined MITES attacked strawberries in Chouteau County, MONTANA. Insects Attacking Miscellaneous Truck Crops Several misceallneous crops were damaged or infested in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season, ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) caused up tp 25 percent bud damage in San Mateo County and heavy losses in Santa Barbara and Monterey Counties. Heavy populations of a WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) became a problem in artichoke gardens in Santa Barbara County and locally in other arti- choke-growing counties. Also in Santa Barbara County, light to medium popula- tions of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) developed on artichokes during the 1961 season. Infestations of an ACARID MITE (Tyrophagus dimidiatus) were light to medium on spinach in Orange County and light on this crop in Rancho Santa Fe, San Diego County. Infestations of ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) were medium locally on spinach in Orange County, and an APHID (Anuraphis apiifolia) was unusually light in the celery—growing area of San Diego County. TOBACCO INSECTS Highlights: Tobacco pests, generally, were not serious during the 1961 season, although a few local problems did develop. HORNWORMS were important on this crop in southern Illinois during late June and caused light damage in some localities of Virginia. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE was the most important pest attack- ing flue-cured tobacco in Virginia during 1961, and infestations of VEGETABLE WEEVIL in tobacco in plant beds ranged light to heavy in Georgia. Also, WIRE- WORMS caused moderate to heavy damage to transplanted tobacco in Georgia and North Carolina. Controls were required for GREEN PEACH APHID in a few areas of Maryland and Virginia. GRASSHOPPERS were heavy locally in Irwin County, Georgia, and caused noticeable injury in sections of Charles County, Maryland. FR IE IC 2 CC IE i 2 2 2 2s 2s ik 2c ik 2k 2k - 224 - HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) were important on tobacco in southern ILLINOIS during the last of June, at which time several growers in Jefferson County applied con- trols. In MARYLAND, these pests were again about normal in all districts, with damage to tobacco ranging from light to moderate. First and second broods were generally light in VIRGINIA; however, light damage occurred in some localities of that State. Hornworm infestations were light to moderate, but general, throughout tobacco-growing area of GEORGIA during the 1961 season. Infestations of TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) ranged light to moderate in GEORGIA during 1961, but were lighter than in 1960. This pest was abundant in NORTH CAROLINA during the season, receiving attention by specialists and county workers. BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) were unusually light during the season in Pittsylvania County, VIRGINIA, and populations were again rather low on tobacco in all districts of MARYLAND. Infestations of BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) necessitated some replanting of tobacco locally in Prince Georges County, MARYLAND, and Agrotis spp. damaged tobacco in some localities of VIRGINIA during 1961. The light infestations of CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) occurring throughout the tobacco-growing area of GEORGIA during 1961 were lighter than those present in 1960. In VIRGINIA, EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) and another PYRAUSTID (Nomophila noctuella) caused light damage to newly set tobacco at one locality in Caroline County. During 1961, TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was the most important pest species attacking flue-cured tobacco in VIRGINIA. This beetle attacked all stages of growth in many localities and difficulty in control was often exper-— ienced, Tobacco flea beetle was about normal on field tobacco in MARYLAND during the season but was down considerably from 1960. The pest infested tobacco in the field in GEORGIA during 1961; and was abundant in NORTH CAROLINA, receiving special attention. Infestations of VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) ranged light to heavy in tobacco plant beds in GEORGIA, with most infestations being light to moderate. In MARYLAND, larvae of this pest were moderately injurious to tobacco in beds locally in Calvert County. Also in Maryland, larvae of GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) were responsible for uprooting plants in beds at Largo, Prince Georges County. WIREWORMS (Conoderus spp.) caused moderate to heavy damage to transplanted tobacco throughout the tobacco=growing area of GEORGIA. Infestations were heavier in this area during 1961 than in recent years, In VIRGINIA, undeter- mined species of wireworms were damaging to tobacco in some localities. Wire- worms were also abundant in NORTH CAROLINA this season. One grower near Tarboro, Edgecombe County, replanted tobacco three times because of wireworms and the failure of certain insecticides to accomplish control. Populations of GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) on maturing tobacco in MARYLAND required some controls, but were below normal. Controls were also required for this aphid in several sections of Pittsylvania County, VIRGINIA, and the pest was responsible for some damage in other counties of that State. In GEORGIA, infestations of green peach aphid were light to moderate during 1961. Infestations of BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) and SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) were light on tobacco in GEORGIA during the 1961 season, ” TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) heavily infested newly set field tobacco in some sections of Charlotte and Halifax Counties, VIRGINIA. Undetermined species of THRIPS were abundant and caused noticeable streaking of newly set tobacco in Calvert and Prince Georges Counties, MARYLAND. = 225) \— Adult GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) caused noticeable injury to tobacco in sec- tions of Charles County, MARYLAND, in August, and heavy, local infestations of undetermined grasshoppers were present on tobacco in Irwin County, GEORGIA. COTTON INSECTS Highlights: BOLL WEEVIL infestations were serious in southern and eastern areas of Texas and throughout Oklahoma. Severe damage was also reported in Florence area of South Carolina. Other reporting states indicated that infestations were well controlled or lighter than usual. BOLLWORMS were severe during the late summer and early fall on cotton in Arizona, and infestations were heavy in southern, and parts of eastern Texas. Bollworms were generally light or well controlled in other reporting states. PINK BOLLWORM inspections were negative for the year in the previously known infested states of Arkansas and Louisiana. Detection surveys were also negative in other surveyed southeastern states and in California and Nevada. Only occasional specimens were found in the eradica- tion area of Arizona. Some controls for COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR and BEET ARMY- WORM were required in Arizona, and the former species was heavy in parts of California. CUTWORMS were a problem locally in Georgia, Mississippi, Texas and California. LYGUS BUGS were damaging in western Texas and in areas of Arizona and California. THRIPS were troubhesome and caused some damage to cotton early in the season in Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, New Mexico and Nevada. SPIDER MITES damaged cotton in several states; requiring some con- trols in Arizona, Mississippi, Missouri and California. FR 2 2 2 2 2c 2k 2. 2 2K 2 2K 2 2K 2K 2K OK OK BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) emergence in TEXAS was unusually late in the spring,due to dry weather; serious infestations occurred in the southern area and the eastern half of the State as unusually cool and wet weather persisted throughout July and early August. The weevil inflicted serious damage through- out OKLAHOMA, with infestations during 1961 being the heaviest in several years. The first infestations were recorded in late June and became common in cotton-—- producing areas by July 1. Infestations up to 80 percent of the squares punctured were reported in the southwest, with counts of 35-60 percent being generally observed. Counts remained high in most areas until harvest began. Late terminal growth, due to late summer rains, provided abundant food material until late in the season in Oklahoma. Overall populations in the State were considerably higher than in 1960. The percentage of infested fields in ARKANSAS was higher in early season, lower in midseason, then higher in late season, as compared with 1960. The percent punctured squares was lower throughout 1961 than in 1960, ranging from 1.8 to 18.6 from the first week of July to the first week of September, as compared with 0.6 to 21.3 between the second week in June to the first week in September in 1960. The percent of fields infested ranged from 11.7 to 95.9 from the first week of June to the first week in September in 1961.. Boll weevil apparently has been little affected by predators and parasites in Arkansas. Consequently, special interest has developed regarding parasitism of larvae by several species of Hymenoptera. Most of the cotton-growing areas of MISSOURI had no trouble with boll weevil during 1961, due to the lack of hibernation quarters. However, near floodway ditches and other wooded areas where undergrowth is heavy, some weevils are able to survive the winter. During 1961, a gradual buildup of weevils occurred in cotton fields nearest these areas in Missouri and controls were needed near the end of the growing season, Boll weevil survived the winter in larger numbers in MISSISSIPPI than for any of the past 4 years. Field infestations were generally light, however, due to the cool, late spring, late planting of cotton and, in some instances, heavy applications of controls on seedling cotton for cutworms. Farmers,in general, = 226 — reported good to excellent control of weevils with little difficulty. As a result of unusual weather in ALABAMA, control of boll weevil was extremely difficult in many areas of that State. However, with the advent of good weather, this pest was kept well in check, The overwintered population in the Florence area of SOUTH CAROLINA and in surrounding areas was less in 1961 than in 1960; however, boll weevil did cause severe damage during the year. The main contributing factors were unfavorable weather at planting, excessive moisture during the growing period and inadequate number of control applications. Untreated cotton in experimental fields yielded 975 pounds, which compares with the 1945-1958 average of 952 pounds. Boll weevil was reported as abundant in NORTH CAROLINA. A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) was collected from cotton in the upper Arkansas River Valley of ARKANSAS. It was more numerous during 1961 than during 1960, but no economic infestations developed and no acreage was treated. PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) and an unspecified flea beetle caused medium damage to seedling cotton in Clark County, NEVADA, during May. Populations and damage by pale-striped flea beetle were lighter than usual this season in Nevada. Systena spp. were present in ARIZONA, but of minor importance on cotton, Pale-striped flea beetle was not a problem during the year in MISSOURI. DARKLING BEETLES and a SCARAB (Cyclocephala dimidiata) were present in ARIZONA cotton, but of only minor importance, Light but persistent infestations of BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al) threatened in ARIZONA during July, but they were generally held down by beneficial insects until mid-August when there was a sharp increase. Considerable damage occurred during the remainder of August, September and early October in Arizona when counts averaged 2-8 larvae per 100 plants in many untreated fields. Although chemical controls were generally effective, 1961 must be considered as one of the most serious of recent years in that State as far as bollworms are concerned. In CALIFORNIA, bollworms were low early in the year, but a fairly rapid buildup began during the early summer in Riverside and Imperial Counties. All cotton- growing areas of California experienced light to medium infestations from August until frost. A majority of the NEW MEXICO cotton fields received zero to one application during the season; only scattered bollworms were reported. Infesta- tions and damage in NEVADA were heavy on 3 fields in Nye County during August, but populations were light for the remainder of the season in these and other fields. Bollworms were heavy in southern TEXAS and in areas in the eastern half of that State. The western and panhandle areas of Texas had the lightest damage in recent years,except for local instances of heavy infestations. Bollworms began to build up to economic levels in most parts of OKLAHOMA by early August. Counts of 20-30 percent were noted in Grady County and were up to 60 percent by mid-August. This appeared to be a localized infestation, with counts elsewhere ranging 1-16 percent. By early September, populations were declining, with most activity noted in dryland cotton in the southwest. This appeared to be generally the same situation as in 1960, except for the Grady County area. In MISSOURI, bollworms were the lightest, generally, than they have been for some time, Early season infestations were scattered and very light. Popula- tions began rising slowly about the last half of August and continued upward until plants were no longer attractive to moths. Some control was required just before the plants "cut out". Controls with chlorinated hydrocarbons were excellent. Fewer fields were infested with bollworms in ARKANSAS during 1961 than during 1960. The percent of fields infested ranged from 1.2 to 69.0 be= tween the second week of June and the first week of September. Heliothis zea and H. virescens both infested cotton during 1961 in Arkansas, with H. zea being the most abundant. The most significant development regarding bollworms during 1961 in the State was the difficulty in obtaining control in a few areas. As a result, insecticidal resistance studies are underway. PIM rs Infestations of bollworms in MISSISSIPPI were generally light and spotty over the State. No general economic damage was reported. Light trap catches indi- cated little moth activity until very late in the season. Controls were applied to some fields, but most farmers applied controls on a preventive program. As a result of unusual weather in ALABAMA, control of first-generation bollworms was extremely difficult in many areas of that State. However, with the advent of good weather, controls kept infestations well in check. Trouble was encoun-= tered in only 2 areas of the State late in the season,but this was due to improper application of controls. Infestations in GEORGIA were lighter than in the previous 3 years. The first eggs were noted on May 18, which is later than 1958-60. The highest egg count of 112 per 100 terminals occurred on June 15. Counts in this range were common during 1960. Larval counts were lighter than in 1960. The highest larval count in 1961 was 28 per 100 terminals. Infesta- tions of bollworms in the Florence area of SOUTH CAROLINA, and in surrounding areas, remained light and were not a problem throughout the growing season. PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) occurred in very low numbers in TEXAS and was not a serious problem. Surveys in the previously known infested States of ARKANSAS and LOUISIANA were negative in 1961. In OKLAHOMA, gin trash inspec- tions generally showed less than one larva per bushel of gin trash inspected. Higher counts (1.8-3.1 per bushel) were recorded only in Comanche, Jefferson and Stephens Counties in early season inspections. Lint cleaner inspections were negative for the western part of Oklahoma. Both gin trash and lint cleaner counts were lower than in 1960 in the State. Buildups of pink bollworm came late in the season in southern Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO. Gin cleaner examina- tions in Eddy County of the same State indicated an apparent increase in popula= tions. PINK BOLLWORM REGULATED AREAS Sls GFGGGE Z; LMM YY YG4HGZ Yi tj Ly yy NO Ae ty bs MOMMY EELS Yl GY ies Sve MLA. Yigg LL GY; NS RRRAVY \S \Y S SAS REGULATED AREAS WMRAVAy \“ \ \\“ \ AWN \ AW ‘ N SS AS OES = 228 - Only two pink bollworm moths were taken in Plant Pest Control Division light traps during the year in ARIZONA; one on March 20 in extreme eastern Yuma County, 6 miles north of Hyder, and one in southeastern Pima County, near wild thurberia plants. About 11,500 acres were treated in the central Arizona eradi- cation program. Nine applications of insecticides were made at approximately 6-day intervals, beginning with the appearance of squares, on May 23 and ending July 23. Fall inspections have revealed only 3 infested fields in the eradica- tion area. Two larvae were taken from gin trash originating 2 miles west of Stanfield, Pinal County, in mid-September; one larva from gin trash originating northeast of Mesa, Maricopa County, in early November and one larva from gin trash originating 3 miles north of Higley, Maricopa County, on December 8. A few fields in Graham County, which is not in the eradication area, were heavily infested and several fields had light infestations. During November, 1,300 larvae were taken from gin lint cleaners in Graham County and one larva was taken from a lint cleaner at Bowie, Cochise County. Surveys for pink bollworm in NEVADA during 1961 were negative, COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) infestations occurred in central and eastern TEXAS; and an occasional larva of this species was found in cotton fields in Eddy and Chaves Counties, NEW MEXICO, but very little damage was noted, Light, scattered infestations of cotton square borer were no particu- lar problem during 1961 in MISSOURI. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) infestations in MISSOURI were light and scattered and caused no problem in 1961. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) infestations were light to medium in ARIZONA on young cotton in the central and southwestern areas from mid-April until late May. Control measures were required in many cases, with 50 percent of the plants showing feeding damage. Later infestations in older cotton were a problem in a few local areas in the central part of Arizona, but they were light from a state- wide standpoint compared with previous years. Medium populations of beet army- worm developed locally in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA; other cotton areas of the State had light, spotted infestations. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) infestations were not as heavy as in 1960 in GEORGIA and they were less severe on cotton in ARKANSAS, Economic infestations seldom occur on cotton in the latter State. The looper was not important during 1961 in MISSOURI. Cabbage looper was a major problem in only a few isolated instances in TEXAS and infestations were generally light throughout NEW MEXICO, with an occasional moderate to heavy infestation being reported. The pest caused localized defoliation in some isolated fields in south central OKLAHOMA. Infes- tations in ARIZONA increased to an average of 25-35 larvae per 100 sweeps in some cotton fields statewide by July 20. High populations continued in some areas of the State until about mid-August when a decline began, due to a disease of the larvae. Heavy populations of cabbage looper developed locally in Fresno County, CALIFORNIA; light to medium, spotted infestations developed late in most cotton areas of the State and developed into heavy populations which con- tinued into the winter in Imperial County. COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) was not a problem in TEXAS or MISSOURI. COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) began to appear in ARIZONA in light numbers in Yuma County in mid-July. Most of the infestations were light and along the edges of fields until early August, when there was an increase in some areas of Yuma and Pinal Counties. Populations in these areas of Arizona remained high and required control measures in many fields until mid-September when there was a rapid decline. Cotton leaf perforator has been a problem in the desert cotton areas of CALIFORNIA in the past and is usually associated with stub cotton. Heavy populations of this pest developed in the Coachella and Palo Verde Valleys of Riverside County, and medium populations developed in the Borrego Valley of San Diego County, California, for the first time. = 229 — SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was fairly heavy to heavy in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA, and varied populations of the pest occurred in other cotton- growing areas of the State. Infestations were first noted in ARIZONA about August 20 in cotton in the central area. The buildup was very slow and migra-— tion occurred in only a few areas in late September, Although there were a few problem areas, 1961 was below normal for salt-marsh caterpillar in Arizona. A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) was present, but of only minor importance on cotton in ARIZONA during 1961; but the leaf roller was variable on cotton in CALIFORNIA, being light in Riverside County, fairly heavy in Imperial County and heavy locally in Kern County. A NOCTUID (Acontia dacia) appeared in low numbers in TEXAS and did not become a problem, GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) infestations were moderate to heavy in several GEORGIA counties, but were not general over the State, and heavy popula- tions of the cutworm were present in gin trash late in the year in Blythe, Riverside County, CALIFORNIA. An unidentified CUTWORM damaged 6 acres of cotton in Floyd County, GEORGIA. Several species of cutworms caused locally heavy damage to young cotton in southern TEXAS, and they caused slight reduction of stand in marginal rows in a few scattered fields in MISSOURI. Cutworms were a minor pest on cotton in ARIZONA during 1961. Cutworm infestations, primarily BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) and VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia), were heavy and caused serious localized damage to stands of seedling cotton in MISSISSIPPI. Infestations and damage decreased as the season progressed in that State. In CALIFORNIA, cutworms in general were medium to heavy on cotton in Riverside and Imperial Counties in May and June. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) was widespread over California in 1961, but populations remained exceptionally light and well scattered. Since this cutworm was little known in California prior to 1961, it may become a serious pest in the future. Larvae of a NOCTUID (Proxenus mindara) , though not listed as a pest of cotton, were taken in large numbers from gin trash in Riverside and Imperial Counties, California, in November and December. Medium to heavy populations of CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) developed very locally in Kern and Kings Counties, CALIFORNIA, and heavy populations developed in Riverside County on cotton. Medium to heavy populations of larvae were taken in gin trash in Riverside County until the end of the year. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was light to moderate on seedling and late season cotton in GEORGIA, with late season infestations being generally lighter than in 1960. Infestations in ALABAMA were rather general in all cotton-growing areas of the State. Cotton aphid infestations in MISSISSIPPI were localized and often associated with fields of cotton treated on schedule with a material which was not effective for aphid control. Infestations were more numerous than during 1959 and 1960 in ARKANSAS, reversing a downward trend. However, infestations were noneconomic in that State in practically all instances. As prey for bene- ficial insects this pest was helpful, as beneficials were more abundant and preyed on bollworm eggs and larvae and on spider mites as well. Light infes=— tations of cotton aphid in Arkansas occurred in 19-35 percent of the cotton fields from mid-June to early September, compared with 1-11 percent of the fields during 1960. During the early part of the season in MISSOURI, when the weather was cold and damp, moderately heavy populations of this pest occurred in many fields. With the appearance of warm weather, parasites and predators rapidly controlled cotton aphid. No other controls were necessary in Missouri. Light to medium cotton aphid infestations were observed in scattered areas of OKLAHOMA and infestations were generally light over TEXAS, but early, locally heavy infestations in certain areas of Texas caused considerable damage, Isolated instances of sooty mold on lint were reported in the west central section of the latter State. Populations in NEVADA were light throughout the season except during June, when moderate to heavy, spotted infestations occurred in Nye County. Cotton aphid and another APHID (Aphis sp., probably craccivora) = 230 - were minor pests of cotton in ARIZONA,but cotton aphid became severe in several local areas in the cotton-growing counties of CALIFORNIA during the year. Infestations of unspecified APHIDS in SOUTH CAROLINA were light on untreated seedling cotton at Florence and in surrounding areas during the year, but heavy infestations were prevalent in untreated fields in 1960. Infestations were light to heavy during July 1961 and control was necessary in some fields. Unseasonably cool nights and excessive moisture were the main contributing factors. Aphids were only minor pests of cotton in NEW MEXICO during 1961 and aphids in general were present in cotton=-growing areas of CALIFORNIA, but developed late, COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) infestations in MISSISSIPPI were light and no economic damage was reported. The dry spring in TEXAS forced this pest from wild hosts earlier than normal, but relatively wet conditions in the summer helped to prevent continued excessive damage to cotton in the State, and infes- tations were generally lighter than in 1960. Cotton fleahopper was only reported in OKLAHOMA. Light infestations were present on cotton in Yuma County, ARIZONA, during May and in all cotton-growing areas of the State during June and July. However, cotton fleahopper infestations were much lower than those of another fleahopper (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) , but averaged 20 to 40 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps in some fields. In NEW MEXICO, populations of both cotton flea- hopper and 8. albofasciatus remained relatively light in cotton-growing areas, with only occasional buildups. Very few fields of cotton were treated for these pests in the State. Light populations of the FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) were present on cotton during the seedling stage in ARIZONA and increased rapidly as cotton grew. Counts averaged 20-40 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps on June 1 and 120 adults and 40 nymphs per 100 sweeps on June 10 in untreated cotton in the central area of the State. Infestations continued very heavy in Arizona until the decline began about June 20. Other cotton-growing areas of the State were less heavily infested, but the decline was later in the southeastern counties. In NEVADA, light to moderate numbers of the same fleahopper were present during the year, but the pest was controlled by insecticide treatments for other pests. The principal species of PLANT BUGS in ARKANSAS were TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) , cotton fleahopper, Neurocolpus nubilus and RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelpho- coris rapidus). The above-named plant bugs occurred in more cotton fields in Arkansas (20-58 percent) during the year than they did in 1960 (10-57 percent) at various times from mid-June to early September. In MISSOURI, the percentage of cotton fields infested with cotton fleahopper, tarnished plant bug and rapid plant bug reached a peak about the first of August. A few scouted fields in that State reached high enough infestations to justify controls; however, none were treated. Tarnished plant bug infestations in MISSISSIPPI were lighter than the previous 3 years; little economic damage was reported during 1961. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) became a problem in local areas of TEXAS during the year, Migration of adult Lygus spp. in ARIZONA to cotton began in early June in the central area. This corresponded to the cutting of alfalfa hay in the area. Counts of 5 adults per 100 sweeps were common in cotton. Nymphs began to appear about June 20 in Arizona cotton, and, by July 10-15, heavy infesta- tions averaging 20-40 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps were present in many fields statewide. Infestations continued high in the State, with average counts of 20-50 percent punctured or damaged squares in many fields until cotton began to "cut out'’ in early September. Infestations remained high in untreated long-staple cotton throughout September. In NEVADA, populations of Lygus spp. increased to economic levels in Nye County in early July. Infesta- tions in most fields were kept below economic levels by predators and parasites or by the use of insecticides, and damage was at a minimum except in a few fields where treatments were delayed or omitted. These pests were not a prob- lem in Clark County, Nevada. lLygus spp. populations began early in CALIFORNIA, —- 231 - especially in the desert areas, and became medium to heavy in July. Populations continued into October. All cotton-growing areas of California experienced infestations, but there was a great variation in populations over the State, SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) adult infestations were light to medium in some ARIZONA cotton fields throughout the summer. Most cases can be related to condi- tion of other host crops nearby. The pest was more abundant in the higher eleva- tions, but less important in the lower elevation areas of Arizona. Also in Arizona, light to medium infestations of Euschistus impictiventris adults occurred in some cotton fields throughout the summer. As with say stink bug, most infes-— tations are related to the condition of the other host crops nearby. In CALIFORNIA, severe, local infestations of a STINK BUG (E. conspersus) occurred in Fresno County and heavy, general infestations of the pest were present in Imperial County. A study of the species of LEAFHOPPERS found in ARKANSAS cotton was begun during 1961; 35 collections, representing 100 sweeps each, were made and specimens sub-— mitted for determination. In NEVADA, economic numbers of a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca sp.) migrated into cotton from sugar beets being cut for harvest in late June in Clark County. Populations remained generally high through August and damage was severe in several cases, except in treated fields. Unspecified LEAFHOPPERS were present in many CALIFORNIA locations; fairly heavy populations required control in Imperial County. WHITEFLIES were present on cotton in CALIFORNIA, but they did not present the problem they did in 1960. Light THRIPS infestations were observed in SOUTH CAROLINA at Florence and sur- rounding areas, and infestations were light to heavy on seedling cotton and heavier than in 1960 in GEORGIA. Thrips infestations in ARKANSAS occurred to a small extent and controls were applied to cotton in only a few cases. In many instances, however, thrips-like symptoms appeared on cotton in the State in absence of the pests. This, coupled with unfavorable growing conditions at the time, resulted in considerable use of insecticides needlessly. In MISSISSIPPI, infestations of Frankliniella spp. were heavy and general on much of the late= planted cotton. Serious ragging of leaves and stunting of plants were reported from untreated areas. Most infestations in the State were satisfactorily reduced or controlled where suitable materials were applied. Damage by several species of thrips in TEXAS was light to locally heavy in each section of the State. In NEW MEXICO, thrips, mostly Frankliniella occidentalis and F. gossypiana, caused curling of seedling cotton leaves throughout the cotton-growing areas of the State during May and June. Thrips infestations in ARIZONA were very light as cotton came up, but they did build up during several days of cool weather in mid-May. Average counts of 0.4 to 1 per plant were common and some fields required controls, especially in the southeastern counties and in Mohave County. Compared with other years, 1961 was a light thrips year in Arizona, particularly in the lower elevation areas. Infestations of Frankliniella sp. in NEVADA were generally light to medium, but some spotted, heavy damage occurred to seedling cotton in Nye County during May. Light to heavy populations of F. occidentalis occurred in cotton blossoms in all cotton areas of CALIFORNIA. SPIDER MITES were rare at Florence, SOUTH CAROLINA, and in surrounding areas; only 2 spotty infestations were observed. DESERT SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus desertorum) ranged light to heavy in GEORGIA, mostly light to moderate. Spider mites caused some damage to cotton in the Tennessee Valley area of ALABAMA; however, damage was not as severe as in past years, Infestations of spider mites in ARKANSAS occurred in more fields than during 1960, following a decline which occurred in 1959 and 1960, compared with 1958. The percentage of fields infested in Arkansas ranged 1-30 percent compared with 1-10 percent in 1960. Marginal infestations of spider mites in MISSOURI, mainly STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (T. atlanticus) were present throughout the growing season. Spot treatment with some insecticides gave good control and usually prevented treat-— ment of entire fields. A few entire fields were treated the last of August in Missouri. In MISSISSIPPI, infestations of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (T. telarius) , = 232 - T. cinnabarinus and T. lobosus were erratic. Some localized areas required controls to prevent economic damage. Tetranychus spp. were reported on cotton in OKLAHOMA, Spider mites were generally light in TEXAS, but they were locally heavy in central and south central areas. Spider mites were of only minor impor- tance in NEW MEXICO. Spider mites, primarily T. cinnabarinus, built up in some central ARIZONA areas in mid-July, requiring control measures in a few cases. Infestations continued as a problem in some areas of the State throughout the summer, but they were mostly local. Infestations and damage of Tetranychus spp. were moderate to heavy in Nye County, NEVADA, during May, June and September. Heavy infestations during September assisted in defoliating plants prior to har- vest. MITES in general were very prevalent in CALIFORNIA. They appeared early in the season, but remained static until May when high temperatures caused a rapid buildup. Infestations of mites continued late in the fall in California. Cotton in Madera, Kern, Kings, Tulare, Merced and Imperial Counties experienced medium to heavy mite populations from June into Octoker. Two-spotted spider mite was very prevalent on cotton in most areas of California and required considerable control. - 233 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII — 1961 (Corrected) Submitted by the Hawaiian Entomological Society Highlights: There were several important developments that took place during the year, particularly with respect to the discovery of 5 new insect pests of major importance. Increased activity by CATTLE GRUBS was reported by ranches on Hawaii and Molokai, and on Kauai NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB was reported for the first time. Moderate to heavy infestations on showertrees on windward Oahu by a twig-boring OLETHREUTID MOTH were noted. Light damage by ARMYWORM to range grasses was observed on Kauai and Hawaii, while on Oahu heavy damage to grass by a LAWN GRASS ARMYWORM was reported in Aina Haina and Manoa Valley. A new infestation of an AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) was found at Poipu, Kauai, after several snail- free years. Introduced BENEFICIAL INSECTS continued to exert heavy stress on some weed and insect pests. A promising PARASITIC BRACONID WASP of armyworm was recovered on Hawaii for the first time. Cereal and Forage Insects: Damage to lawn grass (Zoysia spp.) by a new immigrant BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) was observed for the first time in Waipahu, Oahu. An upsurge of a LAWN GRASS ARMYWORM (Spodoptera mauritia acronyc- toides) in the Kailua-Kaneohe, Aina Haina and Manoa localities was also observed. A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Chloriona kolophron), a known pest of rice in Fiji, was found established in Oahu in 1961. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Anacamptodes fragilaria) caused moderate to heavy damage to alfalfa on Maui, a new State host record for this pest. Larvae of a new leaf-folding GELECHIID MOTH (Dichomeris sp.) were found damaging alfalfa at Ewa. Also damaging to this host were outbreaks of BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) at Kualoa and Mokuleia Ranches, Oahu. A GRASS- HOPPER (Atractomorpha ambigua) appeared in great numbers throughout the summer and fall on kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and caused light to moderate damage to cabbage and bean crops on Kauai Island. RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae), a vector of sugarcane mosaic, pest of sorghum and other crops, was found established on Oahu and Molokai for the first time. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: An APHID (Cinara sp.) was collected on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings at Olinda, Maui, and serious damage to saplings was subsequently observed. According to Dr. F. C. Hottes, specialist, this may be a new species. A twig-boring BARK BEETLE (Xyleborus morstatti), a serious pest of coffee, was discovered damaging twigs of pink tecoma (Tabebuia pallida) in Kailua, Oahu. It is widely distributed in tropical Africa, Madagascar, India, Fiji, Indonesia and other countries where it is reported on coffee, avocado, mango, cacao, mahogany, coca, elderberry and other plants. Locally, it has been recorded from Vitex trifolia, Hibiscus sp., Jasminum sp., J. pubescens, J. sambac, Vinca sp., Eugenia uniflora, Eranthemum eldorado, Pittosporum tobira and Tabebuia pallida. This is the first record of this pest in Hawaii and thus far it appears to be confined to Oahu. Another BARK BEETLE (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) was observed damaging live mango branches in Kaimuki, Oahu. It has been reported damaging live mango branches in India, but only occasional infestations have been reported locally. Seasonal ravages of a twig, seed and fruit-boring OLETHREUTID (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) came into focus during March and April when terminals of rainbow showertrees on windward Oahu, were attacked. A native species, KOA SEEDWORM (C. illepida), was reported causing light damage to macadamia nuts at Honokaa, Keeau and Kona, Hawaii. A KOU MOTH (Ethmia colonella) was reported for the first time from Kauai, where it was defoliating kou (Cordia subcordata). A NOCTUID (Achaea janata) was active on castorbean (Ricinus communis) at Kailua, Oahu, and on Hawaii and Maui during the latter part of 1961. There were numerous reports of damage to ornamental croton by this pest. Light infestations of another NOCTUID (Polydesma umbricola) on monkeypod (Samanea saman) were reported from Kauai and Hawaii. - 234 - Truck Crop Insects: SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was discovered in Manoa Valley, Oahu, in September, and constitutes a new record for Hawaii. Attempts to eradicate N. viridula were abandoned when it was learned that it had spread to other localities. A number of hosts have been recorded, but it is commonly found on soybeans and other legume crops. The first outbreak of a TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus proserpina) was reported at Waimea Valley, Kauai, causing light to moderate damage on 7-10 acres of taro (Colocasia anti uorum) . An efficient egg-sucking predator, a PLANT BUG (Cyrtorhinus fulvus) , appeared in great numbers and brought about effective control. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: Increased activity of NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma eS) was reported from Hawaii where attacking flies caused cattle to knock down fences on Puu Oo Ranch, This species was also active on Molokai and was reported from Kauai for the first time. Beneficial Insects: Incessant defoliation of lantana (Lantana camara var. aculeata), a noxious weed pest, by introduced NOCTUIDS (Hypena strigata and Catabena esula), a PYRAUSTID (Syngamia haemorrhoidalis) and LANTANA LACE BUG (Teleonemia scrupulosa) caused dieback of many plants to ground level in Kau and North Kona, Hawaii, and at Keokea and Ulupalakua, Maui, during 1961. A destructive stem and root-boring CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Plagiohammus spinipennis) was very active in Kona and Kau, Hawaii, and its establishment appears likely. A PARASITIC BRACONID WASP (Apanteles militaris) , introduced from California in 1960, was recovered for the first time from armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) at Kamuela, Hawaii. Good progress in the control of sourbush (Pluchea odorata) by a seed feeding TEPHRITID FLY (Acinia fucata) was noted on Oahu, Kauai and Maui. Another PARASITIC BRACONID WASP (Aphidius smithi) , introduced in late 1960 for the control of pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) was recovered a month after release at Ewa, Oahu. It has been released and recovered in Kauai and Maui. Field collected aphids from these localities were heavily parasitized by this beneficial wasp. Excellent control of emex (Emex australis) by a leaf-feeding and stem-boring WEEVIL (Apion antiquum) , introduced from South Africa in 1957, was observed at the Parker Ranch, Hawaii, Releases on Maui and Oahu have become established and are beginning to spread. Miscellaneous Pests: An AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica), a pest of succulent vegetable crops and various ornamental and fruit trees, appears to have been eradicated from the Island of Hawaii. However, this was offset by the discovery of a colony at Poipu, Island of Kauai, which, until this discovery, was con- Sidered snail free. GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) was a very trouble- some household pest during 1961 and numerous complaints were received, Although resistance to some insecticides by this pest is a matter of record, reasons for this upsurge in activity were not ascertained locally. Sion, bs, \ \ N Nay Be nN Ne SGT Wr RRre een sy oe AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesroi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 March 23, 1962 Number 12 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions Overwintering eggs of ALFALFA WEEVIL not hatched in Delaware, but larvae causing damage to alfalfa in Chambers, Talladega, Houston and Lee Counties, Alabama, and light infestations reported in several Georgia counties. Alfalfa weevil adults active and mating in Churchill, Douglas and southern Washoe Counties, Nevada, and adults emerged from litter collected in 3 Utah counties. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae active on alfalfa in Oklahoma and Delaware, and adults of CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO light in 2 Nevada counties. First PEA APHID nymphs of season noted in Delaware. ARMY CUITWORM infestations common on wheat in western Oklahoma. (do BBD). WINTER GRAIN MITE moderate to heavy in Ellis and Kaufman Counties, Texas; several farmers applied controls. Few winter grain mites also observed in wheat in south central and central Missouri. (p. 238). MITES heavy and damaged azalea and camellia plants in Lee and Russell Counties, Alabama. Treat-— ments being applied for CHICKEN BODY LOUSE on replacement flocks in upper Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas. (p. 241). Infestations of CHICKEN MITE medium to heavy on chickens in same area of Arkansas and caused concern in past several weeks. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE swarms reported from Delaware, Pennsylvania and Missouri. KHAPRA BEETLE infestation discovered on farm in Cae area of Yuma County, Arizona. This is only known infestation in State. p. 243). Forecasts of Insect Conditions BEET LEAFHOPPER movement from southern desert breeding areas of southern Utah and Nevada, southeastern California and central Arizona expected to be light to moderate to cultivated districts of central and southern Arizona, south- eastern California, southern Utah and Nevada; light to central and northern Utah; and moderate to eastern Utah and western Colorado, with possible heavy concentrations due to local topography. (p. 239) Insect Detection A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Epinotia nanana) recorded for first time in Delaware. (p. 240) and a SPIDER BEETLE (Mezium affine) noted in Wyoming for first time. (p. 260). MIMOSA WEBWORM larvae collected in Beaufort County, South Carolina; a new county record (p. 240), and HOLLY LEAF MINER collected in nursery in San Marcus, San Diego County, California (p. 241). This latter pest is subject to eradication treatment in California. A BEE MITE (Acarapis dorsalis) was recorded for first time in 1961 in Wyoming and Nebraska. This species is non- economic, however. (p. 274). Corrections ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) notes in CEIR 12(2) :23 and CEIR LA Gi)3203)anverror. |) (pea243) ie (Continued on page 236) = 230.— Special Reports Second Beet Leafhopper Survey — Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada, Southeastern California and Central Arizona. (p. 239). Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (continued) INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS - (p. 244). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS - (p. 256). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS - (p. 263). BENEFICIAL INSECTS — (p. 266). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS - (p. 270). Reports in this issue are for week ending March 16, unless otherwise indicated. FAI AE IS AK EK 6 ig 2g > 2 26 2 2 2K 2K 2K OK 2K 2K WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 19 This week's weather was cold, dry and windy over most of the Nation. Low temper- atures and new snowfall maintained a heavy snow cover in the North Central In- terior. Drought, with a high fire hazard, continued unabated in the southern portion of the Florida Peninsula as the week's rainfall there was again negli- gible. In the Great Plains, strong winds drifted snow in central and upper portions and whipped up some dust in western portions of Kansas and Oklahoma. This week was 3° to 9° colder than normal in the South and Far West, and 12° to 18°,colder in the central and northwestern Great Plains. Many stations in north- ern areas west of the Great Lakes had subzero minima, with Foxpark, Wyoming, reporting -36° and Sibley, Iowa, -7°. Freezing extended over southern Arizona on Thursday and over most southern areas east of the Continental Divide, except Florida, during the weekend. In Texas, some crop damage was reported when a general frost occurred in the Winter Garden area on Friday and in the lower Rio Grande Valley, with a low of 29° at McAllen on Saturday. A light freeze occurred in most of Georgia on the 18th. This was the fourth consecutive week of abnor-—- mally cold weather in the North Central Interior and Far West. For the second consecutive week, temperatures have averaged from 3° to 9° above normal in the Great Lakes region and Northeast. Precipitation was insignificant in the western Great Plains and Far West. Amounts exceeding 0.50 inch were mostly limited to the gulf and Atlantic coasts and some relatively small areas in the North Central Interior. Very beneficial rain in the northern half of the Florida Peninsula ranged from 0.50 inch to over 2 inches. Precipitation in most northern areas generally was in the form of snow, most of it falling the first of the period when an extensive storm system was centered over the Great Lakes. Following the storm, Newcastle, Nebraska, reported 32 inches of snow on the ground. In Iowa, particularly the northwestern third, heavy, drifting snow blocked highways and forced some schools to close. The storm dumped 4 to 14 inches of snow in New England, with heaviest amounts in New Hampshire and western Maine. The heavy snow cover in north central areas ranged up to more than a foot in the eastern Dakotas, southwestern and eastern Minnesota and western Wisconsin. The northwestern third of Iowa is covered with 12 to 18 inches of suow. In the Northeast, several inches of snow covers some mountainous areas of Pennsylvania and New York State, and extreme northern New Jersey. In New England, the ground is bare in much of the south and southeast, and only 1 inch of snow covers northeastern and southeastern Maine, with depths elsewhere under 10 inches, except up to 40 inches in northern portions of New Hampshire and Vermont. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). PRET CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Overwintering eggs have not hatched in New Castle and Sussex Counties. Approximately 16 percent of old stalks examined in untreated field in New Castle County contained overwintering egg masses; overwintering adults mating in same field on March 15. (Burbutis) GEORGIA - Light infestations on untreated alfalfa in Polk County; treated fields in county showed no feeding symptoms and sweeping for larvae negative. Very light feeding on one treated field in Gordon County. Alfalfa in soil banks in Clarke, Wilkes and Bartow Counties infested. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Moderate infestations damaged alfalfa fields in Chambers, Talladega, Houston and Lee Counties; averaged 10 larvae per sweep in untreated fields. (Buttram). UTAH - Adults emerged from litter collected about alfalfa fields and fencerows at Logan, Cache County; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County; and Brigham City, Box Elder County, suggesting normal survival. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Adults active and mating in Churchill, Douglas and southern Washoe Counties. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations continue to damage alfalfa in Yuma County; infestations increasing in some alfalfa fields in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Light larval populations observed on alfalfa in scattered areas of northwestern part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Half-grown larvae present in alfalfa in New Castle County averaging approximately 1 larva per plant. Feeding injury to new growth very light. (Burbutis). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - NEVADA - Light populations of adults in alfalfa crowns in southern Washoe County; occasional specimens in Douglas County alfalfa fields. (Arnett, Bechtel). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Populations remain very light in alfalfa fields statewide probably due to below normal temperatures and populations of lady beetles. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed on alfalfa throughout southern and western parts of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys in northwestern part of State negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE —- First nymphs of season present on young alfalfa in eastern Sussex County. (Burbutis). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TEXAS - Light, local infestations in Gaines County; no winged aphids found. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Boren). OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed on alfalfa in southeast, south central, southwest and northwest areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Populations remain very low in alfalfa fields statewide probably due to populations of lady beetles. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations common on wheat throughout western half of State. Counts generally low but populations of up to 8 per square foot of soil surface observed in isolated spots in areas of Roger Mills and Dewey Counties. Counts of 7-10 per square foot observed on alfalfa in Logan and Garfield Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LEAFHOPPERS — OKLAHOMA - Unidentified species continue to be active on alfalfa and wheat throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA —- Light populations observed on alfalfa in southeastern area and on wheat in south central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 6 to 8 aphids per linear foot in grain fields of De Baca County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Caused light damage to small grain in Kaufman County; no count given. Noneconomic in Wichita, Potter, Armstrong, Donley, Childress, Hardeman and Wilbarger — 238 - Counties. Remains potential threat with favorable weather. (Turney, Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Infestations continue at noneconomic level throughout State with exception of scattered light populations in southwest. Higher population found in Jackson (6-45 per linear foot) and Tillman (8-30 per linear foot) Counties. All other counts well below 10 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys in northwestern part of State negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Generally light, scattered populations observed in southeastern area (2-20 per foot), in southwest (0-50 per foot), in west central (0-3 per foot) and in northwest (0.5 per foot). (Okla. Coopr Suis). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed in Love County (3 per foot), Garfield County (2-5 per foot) and Kingfisher County (5 per foot). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations of unspecified species on oats and rye in Decatur and Grady Counties. (Galbreath). THRIPS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations of unspecified species on oats and rye in Decatur and Grady Counties. (Galbreath). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Incidence of diseases in overwintering borers appears very high in Sussex County; no pupation has occurred in State. (Burbutis). A CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations occurred on rangeland at Madera, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - CALIFORNIA - Light larval infestation in grass roots in Crescent City, Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy widespread infestations in Ellis and Kaufman Counties; several farmers applied controls. (Turney). MISSOURI - Few mites observed in wheat in south central and central areas; counts averaged under 1 per foot of drill row. (Munson). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Found on wheat in Donley County but apparently causing less damage than the dry weather. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed in Caddo, Harmon and Jackson Counties; up to 150 per linear FOOt 1) (Okla, Coop), Sux)! FRUIT INSECTS WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - TEXAS - An armored scale tenta- tively identified as this species observed on peach trees in Parker County. (Turney). A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) - TEXAS - Single specimen taken from peach tree in Nueces County; no apparent damage. (Nolan). CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) - UTAH - Larvae severely infested roots of cherry trees at Riverdale, Weber County; pulling required of a number of trees. (Knowlton). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - FLORIDA - Lightly infested leaves of 8,000 orange trees at Land O'Lakes, Pasco County. (Sellers, March 1). - 239 - TRUCK CROP INSECTS Second Beet Leafhopper Survey - Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada, South- eastern California and Central Arizona. The second beetleafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) survey, made March 1-12, indicates further buildup of leafhopper populations in the southern desert breeding areas, particularly that portion lying south of the 34th degree parallel. Intermittent rainfall and cool temperatures since mid-January have favored germination and growth of additional weed-host plants in Arizona and to some extent elsewhere in the areas surveyed. Beet leafhopper movement from these desert areas is expected to be light to moderate to cultivated districts of central and southern Arizona, southeastern California, southern Utah and Nevada; light to central and northern Utah; and moderate to eastern Utah and western Colorado, with possible heavy concentrations due to local topography. It should be emphasized that this report concerns only the beet leafhopper populations present in the far southern desert breeding grounds and does not have reference to populations that may have over- wintered in local breeding areas in northern and eastern Utah, in western Colorado and western Nevada. (PPC. West. Reg.; Mar. 19). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) —- OKLAHOMA - Light populations (4 per plant) occurring on spinach in Bixby area, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infestations present on safflower in central and southwestern pants of) State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Four adults collected in Palm Garden area, 6 miles southeast of Brownsville, Cameron County. Weevils first appear in this area annually, but do not necessarily indicate a severe season. (Deer). DARKLING BEETLES - TEXAS - Unspecified species caused light damage in Rio Grande Valley locally. (Deer). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Caused light damage locally in lower Rio Grande Valley. Deer). CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Unspecified species caused damage in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BARK BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Warm temperatures in February brought about slight increase in Ips sp. and Dendroctonus terebrans in southern area. Both species occurred about as expected. Local, small spots of one to a few trees infested, with one area with as much as one-fifth acre infested. This is enough potential population to cause considerable spread in summer under favorable conditions. Salvage underway and should stop spreas as adjoining trees with brood present are removed. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., March). PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - ARKANSAS - Activity continued throughout winter except during periods of very cool weather. Heavy activity noted week ending February 16. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., March). PINE WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Activity by Pissodes sp. continued throughout winter except during periods of very cool weather; heavy activity noted week ending February 16. Very active in late fall during periods of warm weather and in recent weeks. Pachylobius picivorus rarely appeared since November; increased activity expected as daily temperature increases. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., March). A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Eggs survived weather conditions of mid-January; hatching expected soon in southern area. (Ark. Forest Pest. Rpt., March). - 240 - NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ARKANSAS - Emergence of adults noted in southern area week of February 19. Activity began following period of warm weather. Conditions now changed and unseasonable cold weather of late February and early March will cause delay. Very cold weather in January apparently did not cause any great amount of mortality to overwintering forms. Activity will resume as weather becomes favorable. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., March). A COSMOPTERYGID MOTH (Periploca n. sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on Juniperus sp. in Redlands, San Bernardino County. Pest is widespread and continues to cause considerable damage. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Epinotia nanana) - DELAWARE - Adults and larvae collected from spruce in Newark, New Castle County, on May 8, 1959. This is a new state record. Det. by D. Davis. (Burbutis). A PINE BARK APHID (Cinara sp.) - ARKANSAS - Present in light numbers into early January until very cold weather. Since then very limited activity noted. Few eggs observed in January; infestations expected to increase as weather warms. (Ark, Forest Pest Rpt., March). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - MARYLAND - Infested red pine at Cascade, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). -AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria mackiei) - CALIFORNIA - Occuring as medium infestation on California live oak in San Simeon, San Luis Obispo County. (Calle sCoopae Rpitepir MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae collected on pecan leaves in Beaufort County on April 18, 1959. This is a new county record. Det. by D. Davis. (Nettles et al.). Aphids in Florida - Aphis gossypii in all stages lightly infested 100 seagrapes at Naples, Collier County, on March 7; Aphis nerii moderately infested 8 oleanders at Trilby, Pasco County, on March 9; Cerataphis variabilis in all stages severely infested 10 Alexandria kingpalms at ‘Cape Coral, Lee County, February 26; Cinara tujafilina lightly infested 5 arborvitae at Clewiston, Hendry County, on March 9; Toxoptera aurantii lightly infested 50 seagrapes at Davie, Broward County, on February 28. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations present on dwarf myrtle in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BUACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations occurring on Baccharis pilularis which is also infested with gall wasps in Carmel Highlands, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - MARYLAND - Heavy infestation on euonymus at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Occurred on euonymus plants in Mayes, Lincoln and Tillman Counties. (Okla: Coop, Sur .)): WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) -— MARYLAND - Heavy infestation on flowering cherry at University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Mare (@) ce Coccids in Florida - Asterolecanium pustulans lightly infested 300 Java bishopwood plants at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on February 27; Ceroplastes cirripedi- formis collected on stems of 20 Malpighia sp. at Naples, Collier County, on March 9; Ceroplastes floridensis lightly infested leaves of 300 Java bishopwood plants at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on February 27; Coccus hesperidum lightly infested leaves of 10 orchids at Bonita Springs, Lee County, on March 2, and lightly infested leaves of Pongamia sp. at Naples, Collier County, on March U8 Fiorinia theae moderately infested leaves of 20 Camellia sp. at Bradenton, Manatee County, on March 9, moderately infested leaves of 200 Camellia sp. at Grant, Brevard County, and moderately infested leaves of 28 Chinese holly at Miami, Dade = 241 = County, on March 1; Protopulvinaria pyriformis moderately infested leaves of Bauhinia variegata at Bradenton, Manatee County, on March 9, moderately infested leaves of Java bishopwood at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on February 27, and lightly infested leaves of Feijoa sp. at Sanford, Seminole County, on March 8; Pulvinaria psidii lightly infested leaves of 20 Chrysophyllum sp. at Naples, Collier County, on March 8; Saissetia oleae lightly infested leaves of white sapote at Estero, Lee County, on March 1; Chrysomphalus aonidum lightly infested leaves of 300 Java bishopwood plants at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on February 27, infested Cycas revoluta at Hialeah, Dade County, on March 1, and severely infested leaves of 28 Chinese holly at Miami, Dade County, on March 1; Chrysomphalus dictyospermi light on leaves of cypress at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on February 27; Lepidosaphes camelliae moderately infested leaves of 20 Camellia sp. at Grant, Brevard County, on March 8; Pinnaspis aspidistrae severely infested stem of Africanviolet at Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County, on February 26; Pinnaspis strachani infested leaves of 5 pigmy date palms at Fort Myers, Lee County, on February 28; Diaspis visci lightly infested leaves of 60 Italian cypress at Davie, Broward County, on February 28; Neopinnaspis harperi infested bark of willow at Hawthorne, Alachua County, on March 9; Parlatoria proteus moderately infested Cycas revoluta at Fort Myers, Lee County, on February 28; Phenacaspis cockerelli moderately infested Magnolia sp. and moderate to severe on Strelitzia sp. at Melbourne, Brevard County, on March 3; Icerya purchasi lightly infested leaves of 300 Java bishopwood at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on February 27; Pseudococcus nipae lightly infested leaves of 10 Chrysalidocarpus lutescens palms at Naples, Collier County, on March 7, and lightly infested leaves of 3 saw paurotis palms at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, on March 7. @la4 ‘Coop. Sur.) . HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation damaging leaves of yaupon in nursery in San Marcus, San Diego County. This pest subject to eradication treatment; statewide survey underway with particular attention centered on nursery stock. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MARYLAND - Egg were very abundant on Norway spruce at College Park, Prince Georges County, on March 12, QU Mak Enit,. Dept.). MITES —- ALABAMA —- Heavy infestations of undetermined species damaged azalea and camellia plants in Lee and Russell Counties. (Buttram). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) -— UTAH - Grubs becoming more numerous in Box Elder and Cache Counties on cattle; 20 percent have cut holes through hides in Logan area. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Limited activity of Hypoderma lineatum reported from several areas in the State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - First instar of Aedes spp. common in woodland pools in central and southern sections of Caroline County on March 13. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HEAD LOUSE (Pediculus humanus capitis) - PENNSYLVANIA — Collected on eyelashes of 14-month-old baby in Butler County on March 10. (Adams). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Reported on hogs in Dewey County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Several species continue to be reported throughout the State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHICKEN BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) - ARKANSAS - Infestations in replacement flocks in upper Arkansas River Valley became economic; treatments now being applied. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). - 242 - LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations observed on cattle and hogs in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) - ARKANSAS - Infestations in replacement flocks in upper Arkansas River Valley caused concern past several weeks; infesta- tions medium to heavy. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS BARK BEETLES -— PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate numbers of Gnathotrichus materiarius occurred around window, floor and fireplace in a home in Philadelphia. Det. by W. Boyle. (H. Menusan, March 1). COLORADO - Undetermined species infested mahognay trim of a new house in Chaffee County. (Hantsbarger, Lawson). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - UTAH - Adults evidently overwintered in home in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). A GROUND BEETLE (Bembidion sp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous specimens annoying in home in Hershey, Dauphin County. (Balsbaugh). A LATHRIDIID BEETLE (Microgramme argua) - OREGON - Infested insulation throughout a large apartment house and has defied chemical control measures to date. (Grove, Mane LO) ir SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - UTAH - Serious infestation occurred in home at Lewiston, Cache County. (Knowlton). SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to door in a Nueces County high school. (Nolan). ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - COLORADO - Appeared in clothes closet in Adams County. (Lesser, Hantsbarger, Lawson). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Caused nuisance by entering home in Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Entered homes in North Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Winged forms identified from homes in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, on February 25, and from Harrisburg, Dauphin County, on March 6. Caused considerable destruction to tablets and other school supplies in storeroom of school in Waynesburg, Greene County, on March 16. (Udine). DELAWARE - First swarms of season noted on March 13. (Burbutis). MISSOURI - First swarms of season in south central area week ending March 17. (Munson). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND - Infested five-story house in Annapolis, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) - DELAWARE - Larvae infested carpets in church in Sussex County. (Green). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW MEXICO - Entered homes in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo County, and became a real nuisance. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Small, new infestation discovered on farm in Parker area, Yuma County. This is only known infestation in State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur .)’. Stored-products Insects in Oklahoma - RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) , CONFUSED - 243 - FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) , SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) , CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) , LESSER GRAIN BORER Rhyzoper tha dominica) and a PSOCID were found in farm storage facilities checked in Marshall and Love Counties. (Okilay (Coop, ssurk)! BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES — OKLAHOMA —- Limited activity of several species observed in alfalfa and in small grain fields throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Limited numbers present in north central area in small grains; cool weather reduced activity at time field was examined. (Turney)... NEW MEXICO - Populations present in most alfalfa fields in State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) and a LACEWING (Chrysopa sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Observed in alfalfa and small grain fields throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A PARASITIC ICHNEUMON (Bathyplectes curculionis) - NEVADA - Numerous cocoons found in alfalfa fields in Douglas County and only trace numbers found in southern Washoe County. (Arnett, Bechtel). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS Fruit flies in Florida - McPhail traps have yielded 3 species of fruit flies in the State as follows: Anastrepha interrupta collected in Dade County at Home- stead on February 21 and at Miami on March 8, and at Hobe Sound, Martin County, on March 9; Myoleja limata collécted in Highlands County on February 20; and Toxotrypana curvicauda collected in Dade County at Miami Springs and Miami Beach on March 8, and at Bradenton, Manatee County, on March 6. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). SPRINGTAILS - WISCONSIN - Became a nuisance in southern part of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). APHIDS — PENNSYLVANIA - Overwintering eggs of probably Rhopalosiphum sp. numerous on barberry stems. (J. R. Raub). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(2):23 - FIRST STATE REPORT - Autoserica castanea (Asiatic garden beetle) should be deleted. This was a first county record. CEIR 12(11):203 - ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - Note should read as follows: "was reported for first time in Jackson County, NORTH CAROLINA, during 1961, when specimens that had been collected while feeding on potato, bean and carrot on July 8, 1960, were determined by O. L. Cartwright as this scarab." LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud, Agrot. Feltia. Prod, Laphyg. unip. ips. subterr. ornith. frug. SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 3/5-11 3 3 8 aL Clemson 3/1-15 3 7 FLORIDA Gainesville 3/13 ib al 7 al = 244 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1961 (Continued from page 232) INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS Highlights: FACE FLY was first reported during 1961 from Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, South Dakota and Wyoming. Troublesome populations were reported in a number of Eastern and Midwestern States, particularly in areas where face fly has been established for more than one season. However, the pest was not particularly bothersome to cattle in Missouri where popula- tions were much lower than those of 1960. Parasitism was thought to be a factor. HOUSE FLY was again a serious pest in various areas of the country; several states reported increased populations. HORN FLY was, as usual, of considerable concern to livestock producers rather generally. A number of states reported increased populations and considered the fly a major livestock pest. STABLE FLY was pestiferous in several states. SCREW-WORM reappeared in Florida during the latter part of May for the first time since the State-Federal eradication program of 1958-59; however, several million sterile flies were released in the infested area (Holmes County) and the infestation was believed eradicated. An outbreak also appeared later in the year in northeast Alabama and in Floyd and Dade Counties, Georgia, but the pest was believed to have been contained before it reached the overwintering sites to the south, Infestations of screw-worm in Texas and eastern Oklahoma were believed to be most severe in several years. CATTLE GRUBS were of concern in several Western States, particu- larly Washington, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Okla- homa. Of special interest was the appearance of these pests in Alaska where they normally do not persist. BLACK FLIES were reported annoying in areas of Idaho, Utah, Nebraska, North Dakota, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Maryland. TABANIDS were not particularly troublesome in 1961, although several states did report annoying numbers. MOSQUITOES were generally not as abundant as in 1960, but they did cause considerable annoyance in a number of areas throughout the country. Several CATTLE LICE caused extensive damage throughout Utah and were of concern in Washington, Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, Nebraska and Texas. LONE STAR TICK was troublesome in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas, as was GULF COAST TICK in the latter State. TROPICAL HORSE TICK was reported in a number of Florida counties for the first time. WINTER TICK was of concern in Arkansas, parts of Oklahoma and in Texas; and BLACK-LEGGED TICK is becoming an important pest in Arkansas. AMERICAN DOG TICK .was a problem in Maine, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Missouri, Minnesota and South Dakota; and BROWN DOG TICK was troublesome in California, Arizona, Nevada, Texas, Oklahoma and Connecticut. NORTHERN FOWL MITE required controls in California and North Carolina. ASSASSIN BUGS were a problem in areas of Arizona and California; people were bitten in a number of instances. PUSS CATERPILLAR was abundant and caused concern to inhabitants of many commu- nities in areas of Oklahoma, Arkansas, Virginia and North Carolina. HAG MOTH and SADDLEBACK CATERPILLAR were very numerous in Pennsylvania, and FLANNEL MOTHS were numerous in North Carolina. HORNETS, YELLOW JACKETS and other WASPS were of considerable concern and a nuisance to inhabitants of several states from California to Rhode Island. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER was more abundant than usual in Pennsylvania, where some controls were required; and the spider was of concern in Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California and Idaho, SOOO OI I IO IO IK 1K Adult FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) was collected during early June from range cattle at McLeod, Ransom County, NORTH DAKOTA, for a new country record. In SOUTH DAKOTA, this pest was reported for the first time. Confirmed collections have been made in 13 counties throughout the State and it is believed that face fly is present in all counties. Populations, however, were not high. No reports - 245 - of really serious infestations were received in MINNESOTA, but indications are that more survey work is needed, Face fly was reported in several new loca- tions in late summer and it is believed to be generally present in the southern half of the latter State. The pest was reported in many areas of WISCONSIN and was apparently more widespread than in 1960. This fly was a problem with many herdowners and reports came from as far north as Ashland and Bayfield Counties tniathat |Sitate’: Face fly collections were made for the first time in WYOMING on July 26 in Albany County. Later, this pest was found in Goshen County (August 3, 25 and 26), Weston County (August 11), Converse County (August 18) and Laramie County (October 26). Face fly was reported for the first time in Clear Creek, Gilpin and Summit Counties, COLORADO, where males were collected in small numbers at elevations of 8,500-10,000 feet during late July and early August. This pest became numerous on faces of a small beef herd in Gilpin County. Face fly spread to all areas of NEBRASKA during the year and caused much irritation to cattle, especially in the eastern areas. It was known to infest only that area in 1960. Two overwintering sites were recorded early in 1961. Adults were found on cattle on June 1. During the remainder of the season, populations varied light to heavy from west to east across the State. Collections were made in most counties of the northern two-thirds of KANSAS, indicating a rapid spread from the single Marshall County record of 1960. During the fall, this pest became a nuisance around buildings. Surveys made across the northern half of ARKANSAS were negative. Face fly populations in MISSOURI were much lower in 1961 compared with 1960. Highest counts in late July, 1960, ran 20-60 flies per animal compared with 5-23 per animal during the same period in 1961. Highest counts of the year were made in central and northern areas. In hibernation quarters where flies were numerous in 1960, very few could be found in 1961 season. One reason for the low populations of face fly in Missouri during the year could be parasitism. The entire State of IOWA is now assumed to be infested with face fly after the survey in mid-July added 21 counties to those known to be infested. In ILLINOIS, face fly, mixed with cluster fly (Pollenia rudis), was very annoying in homes in late March and early April. The first flies believed to be face fly were ob- served on cattle on April 21 when populations in the northern half of Illinois varied 0-10 per face, with an average of 0.8. By May 10, as many as 50 face fly adults had been observed on a few animals. This was a much earlier buildup than had occurred in previous years. The fly was annoying to cattle from this date until September 15 or later. In August, some cattle were observed grazing in compact bunches for protection against this pest. Face fly continued its slow movement southward in Illinois, and it was found for the first time in Wabash, Edwards, Wayne, Jefferson, Washington, Perry, Franklin and Hamilton Counties. However, examination of 47 herds, using both the hand method and blood bait for attracting flies, was made July 16-20 and August 21-24 in Monroe, Randolph, Jackson, Pope, Gallatin and White Counties, with negative results. Face fly continued as the most important pest of livestock in INDIANA. Popula- tions built up to high levels in late June and remained numerous until fall. Counts were similar to those of 1960, up to 60 per face and 200 per animal. During 1961, this pest spread to the southern third of the State where noneco- nomic numbers occurred; highest counts were 2-3 per animal. Incidence of pink- eye remained high in the area of heavy populations, and apparent correlation between this disease and presence of face fly were observed. In OHIO, this species was a serious pest of cattle and horses. In the second week of May a population peak occurred, after which populations on cattle were low until late June. Apparently this early peak consisted of a similar magnitude the past 3 years, with perhaps slightly lower numbers found in 1961 than in pre- vious years. No economic loss value can be assigned this pest at the present time. = 246 Face fly was first known to be present in GEORGIA in White County in late July; later the pest was found in several other counties. SOUTH CAROLINA first reported face fly in Oconee County on July 5 and in Greenville County on July 26. Face fly has spread southward in NORTH CAROLINA from the northwestern counties to all mountain counties and as far east as Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, and Shelby, Cleveland County. While it troubled livestock and was a pest in isolated areas, its abundance is being watched by all concerned. Face fly is now known to occur in 33 counties of VIRGINIA, having been found for the first time in Scott and Culpeper Counties during the 1961 season. This pest caused consider- able irritation to livestock in the areas in which it occurs. Face fly, along with cluster fly and other flies, was reported as being a nuisance in numerous localities as they entered homes to hibernate. In MARYLAND, populations of this pest caused much annoyance to dairy and beef animals in the central coun- ties. During the summer, counts on dairy herds frequently averaged over 50 per head. Control in general was difficult. Face fly was somewhat delayed in NEW JERSEY by a cool, wet spring, but it became-a general annoyance in the late _ summer to dairy cattle. The pest was present in normal numbers in PENNSYLVANIA, but more abundant than in 1960 in CONNECTICUT, especially in New London County. Populations in VERMONT reached 15 to 25 per animal in late May, but killing frost eliminated further problem until mid-July. In NEW HAMPSHIRE, face fly was generally prevalent and troublesome throughout the State. This pest was observed on cattle in MAINE in early June in the Orono area, Penobscot County. Distribution of Face Fly HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was more abundant than normal in the Wenatchee area of central WASHINGTON, and numerous throughout UTAH, especially during late summer and fall with populations at least normal. The fly was heavy statewide in ARIZONA during the summer and fall, particularly around poultry houses and dair- ies. Populations were annoying in OKLAHOMA in homes and buildings in the north central area by mid-March. Populations of this pest remained below normal throughout mid-June but reached a peak of activity in late June. During July and August populations showed a downward trend which continued until early September, then populations increased. By late September and early October, = 247 - house fly became numerous in sheltered areas as cooler weather prevailed. In KANSAS, house fly populations were present in normal numbers; whereas in NEBRASKA, this pest ranged average to heavy throughout tthe season, with a late buildup in the sandhills area during October. High populations in MISSOURI caused considerable trouble from mid-August to mid-September around houses, barns, fairgrounds and picnic areas. House fly was not so numerous in WISCONSIN. The fly remained in second position of importance in INDIANA during 1961 as a pest of livestock. Populations throughout the State were apparently higher than in 1960. House fly populations were high in droppings in California-type poultry houses in NORTH CAROLINA in Durham and Union Counties. Populations of this pest in MARYLAND were again high in and around barns, homes and restaurants throughout the summer and fall. House fly adults were a nuisance in NEW JERSEY in dairy barns as well as in homes and business establishments. HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) was one of the major pests of cattle in WASHINGTON and appeared in about normal numbers. In NEVADA, the pest was above normal in numbers throughout the State and populations increased rapidly from midsummer through the fall. Horn fly caused considerable losses in UTAH. Populations in NEW MEXICO were somewhat higher than usual in 1961; and this pest caused concern in TEXAS on livestock. The first horn fly activity in OKLAHOMA was noted in the southeast and east central areas in early April, and it became active throughout the State by mid-April. Populations remained below normal until mid-May when populations increased to 750 per animal (average 400) in the north central area. The second peak of activity was observed during July when populations per animal were 500-800 in the southwest, 750-1,000 in the south central and 300-500 in the north central area. Populations declined and another high period was observed in the south central and southwest areas in late October. Infestations of horn fly in ARKANSAS were heavier in 1961 than in 1960, Horn fly was abundant in NORTH DAKOTA and SOUTH DAKOTA, and populations of this fly averaged 500 per animal and caused irritation to cattle in NEBRASKA. The highest count in the latter State was estimated at 3,000 on a bull in Greeley County in September. In KANSAS, horn fly appeared in early spring and continued to be present in usual numbers until late fall. This fly was the main insect pest of cattle in MISSOURI in the northern and central areas during 1961. Counts during the peak of the infestation in that State ranged from 50 to 800 per animal, with the highest counts occurring in the north central and northeastern areas. Relatively low populations were reported in southern areas of Missouri. In WISCONSIN, horn fly was not so numerous in 1961 compared with 1960. Popula- tions in ILLINOIS varied 0-150 (average 5) per animal in the northern half of the State and 0-150 per animal (average 60) in the southern part of the State by May 15. By August 15, populations as high as 1,000 or more per animal were observed (averaged about 160) in the central portion of the State. Horn fly infestations in INDIANA were severe on untreated cattle throughout the summer in the northern area, In the southern half of the State, 2 population peaks occurred, one in June and the other the first part of September, Populations were present in normal numbers in PENNSYLVANIA and were again serious on dairy cattle in MARYLAND, particularly in the central area. The pest was occasionally reported in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, but infestations were moderate to severe in GEORGIA and abundant in NORTH CAROLINA. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) was present in normal numbers in PENNSYLVANIA during 1961, but was extremely abundant and annoying to man and animals in the tidewater areas of St. Marys County, MARYLAND, during August and September. There were only occasional reports of the pest in VIRGINIA, but it presented the usual problem to livestock production in ALABAMA and populations were heavier than in 1960 in ARKANSAS, Generally, fewer than one stable fly per animal was present in OKLAHOMA until early June at which time populations increased to an average of 20 per animal (maximum 50) in Payne County. Popula- tions dropped from that peak until mid- and late August when 10-15 per animal — 248 - wereobserved in Pushmataha and Payne Counties. Another peak of activity in Oklahoma was noted in late October when counts averaged 18 per animal. By late November, counts averaged under one per animal. Infestations in KANSAS were numerous until frost and average populations occurred in NEBRASKA. Moderate to heavy populations were reported in many areas of NORTH DAKOTA and caused common and at least average annoyance to livestock in UTAH. Stable fly was not so numerous in WISCONSIN and populations in ILLINOIS were rather low in June and early July. However, numbers built up rapidly in July in the latter State, with as many as 15-20 per animal being observed on July 15. In August and September, herd averages of 15-30 per animal were common in Illinois, with as many as 75 recorded on an individual animal. The fly was again serious in INDIANA in barns with fouled bedding which was not changed frequently. SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) reappeared in FLORIDA during the latter part of May for the first time since the State-Federal eradication program of 1958-59. A natural infestation was found in cattle near Bonifay, Holmes County. Surveys were intensified and control measures were immediately effected. Several million sterile flies were released each week during the arly part of the summer. The infestation now appears to be eradicated. In GEORGIA, infestations were found on cattle in early October in Floyd and Dade Counties. This was the first infes- tation since the eradication program began. An outbreak of Screw-worm appeared in the northeast corner of ALABAMA and presented quite a problem. This outbreak in late summer spread over 21 counties in the State, including 6 central counties. Every precaution was taken to contain the pest and to prevent it from reaching overwintering sites in southern Alabama, Georgia and Florida. State, county and Federal personnel cooperated on the problem. In MINNESOTA, screw-worm infesta= tions were reported in 4 locations in the State in late August. Three of these were in the St. Paul-Newport area not very far from the South St. Paul Union Stockyards. The fourth infestation was reported in the south central part of themsitacer Infestations of screw-worm and SECONDARY SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia macellaria) in KANSAS were normal. In OKLAHOMA, one of the heaviest screw-worm infestations in years occurred in the eastern half of the State. Activity started in early June and localized, heavy infestations were observed on cattle as late as early November, Infestations of screw-worm in TEXAS were believed to be the most severe in several years, but the pest was about normal in ARIZONA. BLOW FLIES caused common and at least average annoyance to livestock in UTAH. They were more numerous than normal about many communities, farms and canyon recreational areas of the State. BITING MIDGES (Culicoides spp.) annoyed humans in southeastern Washington County, MARYLAND, and in the West Bay area of Sagadahoc County, MAINE. C. variipennis was collected in TEXAS at Taylor, Williamson County, where it annoyed humans, Biting midges were prevalent for 2—- to 5=—-week periods in parts of UTAH. Locali-= ties of Tooele, Salt Lake, Box Elder, Millard, Garfield and Juab Counties were troubled. An EYE GNAT (Hippelates pusio) was reported occasionally in VIRGINIA during 1961. Heavy populations of H. collusor were present locally in Yuma County, ARIZONA, from May through November; and populations of this species were lower in the spring in southeastern Clark County, NEVADA, but equal to the high populations of previous years during the fall. Hippelates spp. populations and locations of occurrence were much reduced in CALIFORNIA generally, but heavy populations invaded the San Juan Capistrano area of Orange County. VINEGAR FLIES were numerous in and about the ears of cattle in ILLINOIS and caused annoyance in the southern third of the State in mid-May. - 249 - Both larvae and adults of HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) were very annoying to horses in many localities of UTAH. Unspecified species of CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) appeared in a number of cattle in ALASKA during the spring in the Matanuska Valley. This was the first appear- ance of this pest in several years. Its appearance is undoubtedly due to the buildup of local dairy herds by importation of stock from other states two years ago. Normally this pest does not persist beyond the first winter. Both COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) and NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (H. bovis) are among the major pests of cattle in WASHINGTON. Both species appeared in about normal numbers. In CALIFORNIA, common cattle grub was present over the State with a few medium infestations reported. Surveys in NORTH DAKOTA during February and March at western livestock saleyards showed 45.5 percent of the cattle examined were infested, with an average of 13 Hypoderma spp. per animal. Both common cattle grub and northern cattle grub were major pests of cattle in WYOMING during 1961. Research on more effective controls and methods of applications are continuing on herds in the State. Hypoderma spp. were also of concern in COLORADO; northern cattle grub was found in the northwestern part of the State during 1961. Severe damage by grubs of both species was usual in UTAH. Adults were also troublesome. New systemics were applied for grub control to several herds. Infestations of Hypoderma spp. were lower in NEVADA than in previous years, and heavy infestations of common cattle grub were reported in all areas of ARIZONA on untreated cattle. Adults of Hypoderma spp. were more numerous in Grant County, NEW MEXICO, during the spring months than they had been for several years. Infested animals had slightly above normal number of grubs appearing in their backs during the fall and winter months. Common cattle grub was of concern to livestock in TEXAS and it was present in moderate to heavy numbers in OKLAHOMA. Grubs averaged 12-25 per animal in most areas of the latter State from January to March. By mid-March adult activity had begun in the south central and southwest areas and continued into May. Common cattle grub was near normal over the State of KANSAS during 1961. Common cattle grub presented its usual problem to ALABAMA livestock production and infestations in GEORGIA were light to moderate. In INDIANA, both northern cattle grub and common cattle grub continued to be serious on western calves shipped into the State, but these pests were only moderately important on native-grown livestock. Hypoderma spp. increased Slightly in numbers on dairy and beef cattle in MARYLAND over 1960. A REINDEER WARBLE (Oedemagena tarandi) continued to be severe in reindeer and caribou herds in ALASKA. Infestations are lower in older animals. A SNIPE FLY (Symphoromyia hirta) annoyed man and cattle in many canyons of UTAH. It was especially troublesome in northern and central areas of the State. Also in Utah, a FLESH FLY (Wohlfahrtia opaca) caused limited economic loss to mink in 1961. During 1959, mink growers suffered heavy losses due to this species. Sometimes this pest attacked other livestock. BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) were common and in apparently normal numbers through-—- out much of IDAHO. A particularly severe infestation was noted in an area east of Rupert, Minidoka County, where adults caused considerable annoyance to live=- stock. Unspecified black flies were troublesome in parts of UTAH, particularly parts of Box Elder, Cache, Salt Lake, Utah and Uintah Counties and other farm areas. They were troublesome in several higher mountain localities during the fall hunting and fishing seasons. An undetermined species of black fly was a nuisance in Central City area, Merrick County, NEBRASKA, during May. In NORTH DAKOTA, troublesome populations of S. venustum were reported in several lawn areas at Fargo, Cass County. Simulium spp. were observed in MAINE on May 3, where they were flying in Kennebunk area, York County. No feeding attempts were noted then; feeding was noted on May 10 in York County; May 13 in Andros- coggin and Kennebec Counties; May 18 in Penobscot County; and May 22 in Hancock and Washington Counties. Unspecified black flies were about as troublesome as - 250 - usual throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE; and Prosimulium spp. were unusually abundant in RHODE ISLAND and caused much annoyance locally in Kent, Providence and Washington Counties during May and June. Simulium spp. caused considerable annoyance in MARYLAND to humans in 4 counties in the central part of the State. TABANIDS caused common and at least average annoyance to livestock in UTAH and were of concern in TEXAS. Several species were common in OKLAHOMA in wooded areas of the east central, southeast and south central sections of the State by early May. Medium to heavy populations were common in the eastern third of the State and counts averaged 8-14 per animal in Noble County in mid-July. Counts in the summer were somewhat lower, but continued to annoy animals. Activity continued until late October in the southeast (3 per animal). The principal species involved were Tabanus abactor, T. sulcifrons, STRIPED HORSE FLY (T. lineola) and Chrysops spp. Populations of Tabanus spp. remained at low levels in KANSAS and undetermined deer flies caused annoyance in the sandhills area of Lincoln County, NEBRASKA, in June. Very low populations of Tabanus spp. were noted throughout the season in MISSOURI and various tabanids were rela- tively light throughout the 1961 season in ILLINOIS. The greatest numbers, 0-5 per animal, were observed in the southern part of the latter State about July 15-20. BLACK HORSE FLY (Tabanus atratus) and T. sulcifrons were much less apparent during 1961 in INDIANA, even in the normally heavily infested north— eastern area, Hybomitra difficilis was collected for the first time in FLORIDA at Torreya State Park, Liberty County, on April 12, 1960, by H. V. Weems, Jr. This is a southern extension of a boreal species which generally occurs in hilly to mountainous regions. Tabanus spp. presented the usual problems in ALABAMA to livestock production during the 1961 season and occassionally Tabanus spp. and Chrysops spp. were reported in VIRGINIA. Tabanus spp. were somewhat more numerous and troublesome in NEW HAMPSHIRE than usual. MOSQUITO populations in ALASKA during 1961 were moderate compared with other years. They were quite bothersome in IDAHO during the spring and in early June, particularly in the wetter areas of the northern part of the State. Populations in 1961 generally appeared to be somewhat higher than those reported in 1960. In MONTANA, mosquitoes were generally less abundant in nonirrigated areas and more abundant in irrigated areas. A wet spring in many areas of WYOMING was favorable for heavy buildups of mosquito populations which caused great annoyance to man and animals in those areas, Populations of Culex tarsalis and other species varied in CALIFORNIA during the year due to the weather and rains. Mosquito incidence was probably lower this year in the State than it has been for several years. Abatement control and weather held local irritations to short periods. Populations of mosquitoes in ARIZONA were medium to heavy in some areas through- out the summer and fall, being particularly heavy locally in northern areas, Populations in NEVADA were much below normal and at, or slightly below, the 1959-60 levels which were also drought years. In some irrigated areas, popula- tions were normal and, in several areas, summer cloudbursts and the resulting runoff created high populations for short periods. Mosquitoes were troublesome in many areas in UTAH in the spring and in several areas throughout the season, but they were below normal in organized mosquito abatement districts of the State. A very dry summer reduced late June and July annoyance in many locali- ties. Various species of mosquitoes were of concern to man and animals in COLORADO during 1961, being especially numerous in irrigated areas where drain- age is a problem. An unusually wet summer in TEXAS and heavy rains following Hurricane Carla brought abundant mosquito populations in many areas. High mosquito populations occurred during the late spring in MISSOURI, and mosquito populations in KANSAS appeared earlier than usual (primarily Aedes vexans and Culex tarsalis). Populations later in the season were near normal. The principal mosquito species causing nuisance in NEBRASKA were Aedes vexans, A. trivittatus, A. nigromaculis and Culiseta inornata. Most activity occurred during May and June in the latter State. Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. became = 251 - serious pests about the second week of May in SOUTH DAKOTA, and populations remained numerous throughout most of the summer in the eastern area of the State. Rainy periods in mid-August again increased populations in Brookings area, Brookings County. In NORTH DAKOTA, mosquitoes were generally light during the 1961 season, Eleven species of mosquito larvae had been collected in MINNESOTA by May 4. Larvae of Aedes vexans were present in large numbers during the week of May 22 and, by June 10, this was the predominant adult species in that State. Adults of Mansonia perturbans were active at the same time. Light trap collections declined in early July. Several periods of heavy rainfall during late July and August resulted in temporary increases, with A. vexans generally the dominant species. The peak of Culex tarsalis occurred during the week of August 14. Because of the low day and night temperatures, mosquito populations had declined substantially by September 3. Principal mosquito species caught in Dane County, WISCONSIN, in blacklight traps during the season were NORTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens pipiens), C. salinarius and C. restuans. A. vexans was more numerous toward latter part of the season. Mosquitoes were still being trapped in late October, which is later than in past years. Populations were generally low in the southern part of the State due to dry conditions, although some increase occurred later in the season. Mosquitoes were reported numerous throughout the summer in the northern part of the State. Generally, mosquitoes were less troublesome in INDIANA throughout the early part of the year due primarily to weather conditions. Infestations during October, however, were unusually annoying. The principal species of mosquitoes causing a nuisance in OHIO were FLOODWATER MOSQUITO (Aedes sticticus), A. trivittatus and A. vexans; populations of floodwater mosquito were lower than normal in northern areas. Numerous reports of northern house mosquito were made in July and August from the larger cities in the northern part of the State. In PENNSYLVANIA, mosquitoes became somewhat of a problem late in the season. SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) was reported abundant in NORTH CAROLINA along with various other species, but the species was not abundant on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND or in the southern parts of the State until late in the season when large broods emerged as a result of high tides flooding the marshes. North- ern house mosquito and Culex salinarius were the most abundant and troublesome species during the summer in Maryland. In southern areas of that State, A. vexans and Psorophora confinnis were again annoying occasionally. A severe out- break of A. trivittatus occurred in the environs of Laurel, Prince Georges and Howard Counties, in early September. As in previous years in DELAWARE, the most abundant species trapped were salt-marsh mosquito, Aedes vexans and Culex salin- arius. Total numbers of females collected in 12 light traps were as follows: A. vexans, 2,569; A. sollicitans, 1,793; and C. salinarius, 4,613. These totals are considerably below numbers trapped during 1960. Not since 1952 has the level of pest species been so low. The abnormally low level of salt-marsh mosquito may be attributed to the impoundment at Little Creek, Kent County, and the exten- sive ditching systems present on the marshes, However, lack of high tides or rain to flood marshes and effectiveness of certain controls were also major factors in the reduced numbers of salt-marsh mosquito. Fairly heavy rainfall at the end of August caused emergence of many A. vexans in New Castle County, Delaware, but previous to this time the species was present only in small numbers. C. salinarius occurred throughout the State because of many suitable breeding habitats present. Conditions throughout NEW JERSEY during 1961 were among the most favorable on record from the standpoint of freedom from annoy- ance of mosquitoes. Most of the local problems noted were the result of manmade situations involving pollution or impounding of water. Broods of salt—marsh mosquito reached a peak in mid-September when temperature conditions were not favorable for wide dispersal. Rainfall patterns in fresh-water swamp areas were unfavorable for A, vexans following a small, spring brood. Northern house mosquito continued as a problem in New Jersey where pollution is associated Se) with rapid economic development and industrial waste water. Disease-vector species and those of special habits were not abundant. The mosquito season in RHODE ISLAND was severe with various species being present. The worst periods were late May, early July and early September. High populations in VERMONT were of the floodwater type. Mosquitoes were about as troublesome as usual throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE during the 1961 season. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) infestations in NEW MEXICO were the lightest seen in several years. Flocks observed during shearing were found to have light to moderately heavy infestations in Guadalupe and Lincoln Counties. In COLORADO, this pest was of some concern, Sheep ked in UTAH was abundant and injurious generally, especially during the winter and on untreated lambs during the spring. Unspecified MAGGOTS also infested head and wool of many sheep about the State. SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) was abundant and annoying in Beaverhead County, MONTANA. HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) averaged 10-40 per hog on 3 farms in Howard County, MARYLAND, in late August; medium to heavy populations were common in OKLAHOMA on untreated hogs in many areas; and the pest was common in UTAH. Light populations of undetermined CATTLE LICE appeared on cattle late in the year in Siskiyou County, CALIFORNIA; and populations in NEVADA were slightly above the pre-1960 level. In UTAH, cattle lice caused extensive damage throughout the State with many herds being severely infested. Controls were applied to 2,500 cattle in Kane County during the fall. Lice were also of some concern on live- stock in COLORADO, Populations of lice in NEBRASKA ranged moderate to heavy early in the year. Controls were applied to large numbers of cattle. Few reports of louse activity were received in KANSAS. Medium to heavy infestations of several species of lice were noted on cattle in OKLAHOMA from January to late April, then declined in most areas. Infestations were heavier than those of the past several years. However, fall populations in Oklahoma were not as high as anticipated. Cattle lice were of concern on livestock in TEXAS and abundant in NORTH CAROLINA, but were not a problem in CONNECTICUT. SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) remained a serious problem in WYOMING although many herds throughout the State were effectively treated. The louse appeared in about normal numbers in WASHINGTON, where it was one of the major pests of cattle. A WRINKLED SUCKING LOUSE (Haematopinus sp.) was common on calves in ALASKA during the winter in the Matanuska Valley, and was especially troublesome where housing was poor. Although many herds throughout WYOMING were effectively treated during 1961, Solenopotes capillatus remained a serious problem. LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) was one of the major pests of cattle in WASHINGTON,where it appeared in about normal numbers. CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) was common on calves during the winter in the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA, and was one of the major pests of cattle in WASHINGTON although populations were about normal in that State. Examination of cattle in NORTH DAKOTA in western livestock saleyards showed 11 percent of the animals infested with this species. Infestations of EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) were present on 2 herds of native cattle in Shannon County, SOUTH DAKOTA, and the tick caused local damage to cattle, sheep and sometimes pets in numerous UTAH counties. Specimens collec- ted in Yell County, ARKANSAS, were determined as this pest. Ear tick caused some concern in OKLAHOMA in areas of the northwest, west central and panhandle on cattle during May and June, An infestation of ear tick was noted in mid- October in Pontotoc County. An unspecified ear tick caused concern in TEXAS on livestock. LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) was present in the eastern part of OKLAHOMA, where it was reported to be a problem to man as well as animals in many sections. In late May, up to 200 per animal were observed on cows in McCurtain County, — 253 - which was heavier than normal for that time of year. Larvae of lone star tick were common during July and August and existed in heavy numbers (300-650 per animal) in the southeast and south central areas of Oklahoma, Lone star tick was very common and widespread in ARKANSAS, and both lone star tick and GULF COAST TICK (Amblyomma maculatum) were troublesome to livestock in TEXAS. TROPICAL HORSE TICK (Dermacentor nitens) was collected 147 times in FLORIDA between July 1960 and March 10, 1961. Collections were primarily in Broward, Dade and Palm Beach Counties, but this pest was also found in Brevard, De Soto, Glades, Hendry, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lake, Marion, Monroe, Okeechobee, Orange and Volusia Counties. These are believed to be the first records for Fiorida. This hard-backed tick is particularly prevalent on horses in the American Tropics and it has been previously recorded in the United States only in the southernmost part of TEXAS. PACIFIC COAST TICK (Dermacentor occidentalis) was reported from humans in CALIFORNIA, primarily during the summer vacations and hunting seasons. The earliest activity record for ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) in Whitman County, WASHINGTON, was February 20. In IDAHO, this tick appeared in about average numbers. Rocky Mountain wood tick was particularly numerous in UTAH during the spring on cattle and horses,and it attacked persons on rangelands as well. WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) was of concern on livestock in ARKANSAS. Populations of the tick began to appear in Payne County, OKLAHOMA, by mid-October. During October and November, light to heavy populations were observed in the south central and southeast areas of Oklahoma on horses and cows; and the tick was troublesome to livestock in TEXAS. Dermacentor spp. were of some concern to man in COLORADO during the 1961 season. BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis) is becoming an important pest in ARKANSAS. Unspecified WOOD TICKS were particularly abundant late in the year in CALIFORNIA. Cattle in some northern counties exhibited rapid, heavy infestations during October and November. Deer taken during the hunting season were heavily infested. Many dog owners also reported infestations. Unspecified ticks are important pests of livestock in ARKANSAS, especially in the mountainous sections of the State. This makes a 3-year period that ticks have been a real problem. Few reports of ticks were received in KANSAS during 1961, but ticks were quite abundant over a long period in southeastern PENNSYLVANIA. AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) constituted a substantial problem during mid- and late May in MAINE in the Sebago area, Cumberland County. Moderate numbers caused considerable annoyance to campowners, workers and pets. American dog tick activity in RHODE ISLAND was first noted at Newport, Newport County, and Narragansett, Washington County, on April 27. The tick was troublesome throughout that State during early summer, American dog tick was also numerous in NEW JERSEY during the season, and numbers were above normal in all sections of MARYLAND; whereas in VIRGINIA, only occasional reports of this pest were received during 1961. Complaints concerning American dog tick in INDIANA were considerably less frequent during 1961 than in 1960. Populations of this tick were high again in MISSOURI; reports of 1960 show that year to have the highest populations of 10 years and 1961 was comparable with 1960. Infestations on dogs were common in wooded sections of central and north central OKLAHOMA. Amer- ican dog tick was particularly troublesome in SOUTH DAKOTA during the last part of April and through May and June in the eastern part of the State. High popu- lations were evident with both man and animals affected by this tick. In MINNESOTA, the tick was reported the first week of May and it continued trouble- some in northern areas through June. Populations were very high in some areas of the State. — 254 - Many dog owners reported infestations of BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in CALIFORNIA. Kennel owners had many problems in controlling infestations. The tick was reported in Yellowstone County, MONTANA, from dogs brought into the State from neighboring areas. Infestations of this tick were more prevalent in Clark and Washoe Counties, NEVADA, where it appears to be spreading rapidly. Heavy populations were a problem throughout the year in many areas of ARIZONA. Ticks entered homes on dogs or crawled in from dogs resting places. Infesta- tions of brown dog tick were generally heavy in several central and south central TEXAS counties and, in central and north central OKLAHOMA, this pest caused some concern to dogs and homeowners. Complaints about brown dog tick in INDIANA were considerably less frequent during 1961 than during 1960, and only occasional reports were received in VIRGINIA concerning this pest. In MARYLAND, however, considerably more than the usual number of reports about this tick in homes were noted. Brown dog tick infested dogs and homes locally in RHODE ISLAND, especially during mid-August. They were especially common in CONNECTICUT during the season. Over 8,000 cattle were treated in WASHINGTON for scabies under SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi) quarantine regulations in Okanogan County. Infestations are limited, possibly to only one or two animals. An occasional infestation of BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) was reported in UTAH. Bed bug infestations also occurred in Davison and Brookings Counties, SOUTH DAKOTA; 2 reports from the former county and 3 from the latter county were noted. This pest was occasionally reported as troublesome in VIRGINIA during 1961. In CONNECTICUT, bed bug infestations were noted in poultry houses in Oxford, New Haven County, and in Canterbury, Windham County. PIGEON FLY (Pseudolynchia canariensis) was found on doves at Bloomington, McLean County, for the second ILLINOIS record. This fly had previously been taken in Chicago, Cook County, in 1940. SHAFT LOUSE (Menopon gallinae) was common on some chicken flocks in ALASKA in the Palmer area, Unspecified POULTRY LICE were common in UTAH and NORTH ORTH CAROLINA, but few reports were received in KANSAS. FLEAS were common in poultry houses throughout CONNECTICUT. CAT FLEA (Ctenoce- phalides felis) was somewhat more troublesome than usual in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Numerous complaints were received in late summer and early fall. DOG FLEA (C. canis) was reported several times in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA, during August. Ctenocephalides spp. were numerous in NEW JERSEY and NORTH CAROLINA, but only occasional reports were received in VIRGINIA. STICKTIGHT FLEA (Echidnophaga gallinacea), cat flea and HUMAN F LEA (Pulex irritans) were irri- tating to humans and pets in CALIFORNIA. Local infestations occurred over the State. Flea occurrence was very local and much lower than in past years, how- ever, A CHIGGER MITE (Trombicula sp.) was abundant in TEXAS and caused considerable discomfort to residents. Heavy activity of unspecified CHIGGERS was reported in the extreme northern part of ARIZONA in June, and heavy infestations of chiggers occurred on range turkeys in the south central area of MISSOURI during mid-August. Chiggers were quite abundant over a long period in southeastern PENNSYLVANIA. CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) was common on some chickens in the Palmer area of ALASKA during 1. NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylvarum) was reported for the first time in Benton and Drew Counties, ARKANSAS, during 1961. Poultry producers in CALIFORNIA had infestations of northern fowl mite in flocks which required control measures. Northern fowl mite was reported resistant to malathion-treated litter in Duplin County, NORTH CAROLINA, in November. =I 200) — The problem has been studied but no definite conclusions have been reached. In general, northern fowl mite was reported abundant in North Carolina and received considerable attention. Unspecified POULTRY MITES were common in UTAH, A CANARY LUNG MITE (Sternostoma tracheacolum) was found in Harris County, TEXAS; a new State record. Specimens of WHEEL BUG (Arilus cristatus) were received from several VIRGINIA counties during 1961, and it was reported as very numerous in PENNSYLVANIA. An ASSASSIN BUG (Triatoma sp.) appeared in heavier than normal adult populations in ARIZONA, This bloodsucking bug was a problem in some areas of Pima, Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties during late June and early July. Populations of an assassin bug (TI. protracta) continued about the same as in 1960 in CALIFORNIA. More instances of humans being bitten were reported from Calaveras, Mariposa, San Diego and San Joaquin Counties. An assassin bug (Rasahus thoracicus) was particularly abundant in many of the northern counties of California. Many people were bitten in lighted outdoor areas during the summer and, in many cases, adults of this bug invaded homes. Infestations of PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) caused concern among inhabitants of some communities in south central and southeastern OKLAHOMA, A few children were seriously "Stung" by this pest in that State. Puss cater- pillar was very common in ARKANSAS in the late summer, with many reports of injuries to humans noted. It was extremely abundant in VIRGINIA, especially in the eastern part of the State. Numerous specimens were received for determina= tion and many reports indicated that several cases required medical attention. Near-mass hysteria developed in one locality as a result of undue publicity given this pest. Puss caterpillar, CRINKLED FLANNEL MOTH (M. crispata) and a FLANNEL MOTH (Norape cretata) were very numerous in NORTH CAROLINA during the fall months. Puss caterpillar injury resulted in hospitalizing a boy at Yadkin- ville, Yadkin County, North Carolina, in January. HAG MOTH (Phobetron pithecium) populations were not abundant in CONNECTICUT, but it was more common in 1961 than in 1960. Larvae of hag moth and SADDLEBACK CATERPILLAR (Sibine stimulea) were very numerous in PENNSYLVANIA. Very few reports concerning the latter species were received in VIRGINIA during 1961. An ANDRENID BEE (Andrena sp.) became established in soil around several homes in Salem, OREGON; occasionally children were stung, A VELVET ANT (Dasymutilla occidentalis) appeared in several localities in VIRGINIA during the season. Unspecified HORNETS and YELLOW JACKETS were generally extremely abundant and annoying in several localities throughout the northern part of IDAHO during the late summer, They were particularly numerous and annoying in the Coeur d'Alene area, Kootenai County. A HORNET (Vespula pensylvanica) was a severe nuisance in many locations over CALIFORNIA. Picnic grounds, outdoor barbecues and public parks were heavily infested. Chemical treatment was necessary to make public areas habitable. In UTAH, unspecified hornets and yellow jackets appeared as household pests. Concern about unspecified hornets and WASPS began in RHODE ISLAND in early July and continued throughout the season, and both of these pests were general and very common in CONNECTICUT. Infestations of unspecified yellow jackets and wasps were reported in MARYLAND, and were frequently reported as entering homes in VIRGINIA seeking hibernation quarters. The former were extremely abundant during the season, in the latter State, and were commonly attracted to picnic areas and trees infested with aphids. They were, in general, more numerous in Virginia during 1961 than in recent years. Also in Virginia, there was one report of a SCOLIID (Scolia dubia) stinging a child and causing considerable swelling. Unspecified wasps received considerable attention during 1961 in NORTH CAROLINA, BALD-FACED HORNET (Vespula maculata) and Vespula spp. were very abundant during September and October in PENNSYLVANIA and, what was believed to be this species, was very troublesome during late August and —= RBS) September in WISCONSIN. Troublesome infestations of unspecified species of BEES and wasps were abundant in and around homes in NORTH DAKOTA during the year, Infestations appeared earlier than usual in the eastern sections of the State. Occasionally, HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) became a household pest in UTAH. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) was more abundant than usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Control measures were necessary in several new urban housing developments where numbers of this spider were found around playgrounds. In SOUTH DAKOTA, infestations were noted in two homes in Lawrence County. This spider was of some concern in COLORADO during 1961 and was frequently reported in the fall around homes and farm buildings in UTAH. It caused much concern in the latter State, with reports of several persons being bitten and hospitalized in Utah, Salt Lake and Weber Counties. Populations of black widow spider were up over those of previous years in NEVADA. Many areas in the west central counties had heavy infestations during the fall. More than normal number of reports concerning this pest were received from southwestern areas of IDAHO during the 1961 season. Black widow spider is of common occurrence throughout CALIFORNIA. In 1961, many household infestations were reported by homeowners, particularly where small children were involved. No cases of people being bitten were reported, however. A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) was noted as being more abundant in KANSAS ini 1969) ithian ast) wash nyelo Gor HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS Highlights: GERMAN COCKROACH was reported as abundant and very troublesome in a number of states, as was BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH. ORIENTAL COCKROACH was also of importance in Utah. EUROPEAN EARWIG caused annoyance to coastal resi- dents of Maine and New Hampshire, and was a problem in areas of Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Idaho and California. Another EARWIG (Labidura riparia) was a nuisance to residents in Texas and was moderate in the Tifton area of Georgia. BOXELDER BUG was again troublesome in several states where it was reported entering homes either in the spring or fall, or both. CARPENTER ANTS were above normal abun- dance in Connecticut homes. PAVEMENT ANT was general in Rhode Island and abun- dant in Connecticut and New Jersey, as was LARGER YELLOW ANT in the latter State; and pavement ant and several other species of ants caused considerable annoyance to homeowners in Maryland. Unspecified ANTS also received considerable atten-= tion in Virginia and North Carolina, HOUSE FLY was abundant in several states. Adults of CUTWORMS (Chorizagrotis spp.) were a nuisance in areas of Texas and New Mexico. Several species of GRAIN BEETLES were annoying and caused consider= able damage to home-stored products in a number of states. A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) became unusually numerous in New Hampshire and was troublesome locally in Rhode Island. BLACK CARPET BEETLE caused considerable concern in the Matanuska Valley of Alaska and was troublesome in several other states. VARIED CARPET BEETLE was a problem in areas of Washington, Oregon and Pennsylvania. SPRINGTAILS were of considerable nuisance to homeowners in California, SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES were the most consistently encountered house- hold pestsin Indiana and infestations are reported increasing in Utah, Wyoming and Nevada. Several other states also reported troublesome populations. MILLIPEDS were numerous and of concern in Nebraska, Kansas, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina, SOLPUGIDS were troublesome in areas of Montana, Nebraska, Colorado and Nevada. NORTHERN FOWL MITE and TROPICAL RAT MITE numbers increased and became a nuisance in homes in California. CLOVER MITE was heavy and a nuisance to residents in several areas of the country in 1961, particularly in the Atlantic and Western States, including Alaska, FOR IC AR A aK 2K aK SAY = GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) appears to be periodically reintroduced into housing areas of Anchorage, ALASKA; AMERICAN COCKROACH (Periplaneta americana) , however, appeared only once during 1961. COCKROACHES appeared in increasing numbers in OREGON during the year, with BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) heading the list. Brown-banded cockroach and other cockroaches were common during the year in CALIFORNIA, with infestations occurring statewide. Extremely light infestations were in the majority and only an occasional heavy infestation reported. Infestations of brown-banded cockroach were reported in the Blackfoot area, Bingham County, IDAHO, adding that county to the growing list on the distribution of this pest in the State, Also in Idaho, AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH (Periplaneta australasiae) was collected in a home in Liberty County. German cockroach, ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) and brown-banded cockroach infested many homes, motels and apart-— ments over UTAH. American cockroach occasionally infested homes and other buildings. Cockroach problems have increased in Cache County homes, motels and public buildings during the past 3 years. Brown-banded cockroach and oriental cockroach are the most commonly found species in Utah. Cockroaches were reported throughout the year in SOUTH DAKOTA, infesting homes in all parts of the State. Cockroaches were reported in Meagher and Missoula Counties, MONTANA. German cockroach and brown-banded cockroach were again troublesome in WISCONSIN as household pests throughout the State. German cockroach continued troublesome in many homes and food-handling establishments in INDIANA during 1961. Of spe- cial interest was the occurrence of significant numbers of this pest outdoors in the Ft. Wayne area, Allen County. German cockroach was abundant in NORTH CARO- LINA, and German cockroach and brown=banded cockroach were again troublesome in many MARYLAND homes. German cockroach was a serious household and industrial pest control problem in NEW JERSEY, and both German cockroach and brown-banded cockroach were abundant and increasing throughout CONNECTICUT. CRICKETS were abundant in new housing projects in CONNECTICUT. A species of a small CRICKET (Nemobius fasciatus) was very abundant in many areas of ILLINOIS in late August and early September. This cricket caused much concern around homes, motels, service stations and other structures. JERUSALEM CRICKET (Stenopelmatus fuscus) was common and caused much comment in the eastern part of MONTANA, EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forificula auricularia) caused much annoyance and anxiety to residents in many coastal areas of MAINE and to some inland localities. This pest was somewhat less numerous in coastal communities of NEW HAMPSHIRE, but it has extended its range as far north as Jackson, Carroll County; a new county record, Nearly mature nymphs of European earwig were first observed at Cranston, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, on June 6, Light populations occurred through- out the season,but the peak developed about mid-July. In COLORADO, European earwig waS a nuisance in homes, offices and farm buildings. It invaded many homes and schoolrooms in UTAH and caused annoyance. Infestations in NEVADA were slightly above average in many western counties of the State and much above aver- age in Elko County. This species continued abundant in many areas of IDAHO around homes. Overwintering adults first became active during late March, and the first seasonal broods were noted during April and May in that State. In CALIFORNIA, weather conditions were such that European earwig invaded homes more often than in past years. Northern counties were affected. An EARWIG (Labidura riparia) was not as numerous as in 1960 in GEORGIA, but it caused moderate infestations in Tifton area, Tift County. In TEXAS, this earwig was abundant around homes entering them at night and causing concern among residents. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was troublesome in homes during early April in the Manville area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND. This bug invaded homes in the central sections of MARYLAND during early spring; was frequently reported entering homes for hibernation in VIRGINIA; and required considerable attention = =258) — in NORTH CAROLINA. It was abundant in and around homes in most areas of SOUTH DAKOTA during the fall and large numbers migrated to homes in NEBRASKA during October. Boxelder bug was also a nuisance in homes, offices and farm buildings in COLORADO, and it caused annoyance in UTAH by invading homes and schoolrooms. In MONTANA, this bug became annoying in scattered areas over the State. A COREID BUG (Leptocoris rubrolineatus) invaded CALIFORNIA homes in mass migrations early in the year and were a local problem, particularly where boxelder or maple trees were near homes. FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) invaded many homes and schoolrooms in UTAH, causing annoyance. A LYGAEID BUG (Peritrechus tristus) invaded homes in Coquille, Coos County, OREGON, during March. A BAT BUG (Cimex pilosellus) was a nuisance in some homes, offices and farm buildings in COLORADO. Scattered concentrations of HACKBERY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidismamma) in NEBRASKA occurred on screens of homes in the eastern area during October. Hack- berry nipple gall and another PSYLLID (PB. vesicula) became a nuisance in the Kansas City area, Wyandotte County, KANSAS, in October and early November, LEAFHOPPERS were very common in many locations of CALIFORNIA and were a source of irritation to housewives during the warm periods of the year when windows were open. Infestations of BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) were evident locally in RHODE ISLAND homes in mid-July. An extremely heavy swarm occurred in West Kingston, Washington County, on September 26. CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) were generally distributed in CONNECTICUT and above normal abundance in houses, A wet spring in VERMONT caused carpenter ants to be active. A heavy infestation of carpenter ants was reported in Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA, in a farm home, and damage to window casings was also reported in a home in Fargo. Winged adults of carpenter ants were encountered frequently in many northern areas of IDAHO during May, but population levels were well below those highs encountered during 1958. Carpenter ants damaged timbers in rough lumber construc— tion in various parts of ALASKA, Both THIEF ANT (Solenopsis molesta) and PHARAOH ANT (Monomorium pharaonis) became pests of some households in TEXAS. Winged forms of PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) appeared generally in RHODE ISLAND in early July. Pavement ant was very abundant in CONNECTICUT and infested many houses. It was also abundant in NEW JERSEY as a household pest, as was LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acanthomyops inter- jectus). In MARYLAND, pavement ant, Acanthomyops spp. and Monomorium spp. caused considerable annoyance to homeowners in all sections of the State. A large numberof winged forms of unspecified ANTS were received for determination in VIRGINIA during 1961, primarily because they were suspected of being termites. Most of the ants were collected in or around homes. Unspecified ants were abun- dant and received attention in NORTH CAROLINA. Complaints of ants were received in about normal numbers in NEW HAMPSHIRE, A HORNTAIL (Urocerus flavicornis) caused concern in ALASKA in the Tanana and Matanuska Valleys by emerging from rafters of recently cut spruce and leaving visible holes in the walls. Horntails (Sirex spp.) were destructive in CALIFORNIA to new dwellings where green lumber was used. CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) infestations were common in INDIANA wherever cats or dogs were kept indoors. Complaints were common during summer and early fall. Infestations of Ctenocephalides spp. in cellars, garages, homes and yards were numerous in scattered areas throughout RHODE ISLAND, especially during mid-July. Unusually large numbers of unspecified fleas infested homes in VERMONT during the late summer and fall. Late summer populations of HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) were heavy in the southern area of RHODE ISLAND, House fly was a nuisance in homes and business establish- ments of NEW JERSEY and were very high in the same kind of places in MARYLAND, he) Infestations in ARKANSAS were heavier in 1961 than in 1960. Annoying populations of house fly were present in homes and buildings in OKLAHOMA in the north central area by mid-March. Populations remained below normal throughout mid-June, but reached a peak of activity in late June. During July and August, populations in Oklahoma showed a downward trend until early September when populations increased. By late September and early October, flies were becoming more numerous in shel- tered areas as colder weather prevailed. High populations caused considerable trouble in MISSOURI from mid-August to mid-September around homes. Moderate to high populations occurred in NORTH DAKOTA in late summer and early fall. Popu- lations varied considerably, locally, in CALIFORNIA but were generally not severe. Small numbers of FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) occurred in rural homes in INDIANA throughout the summer, Heavy fall invasions that were noted in some areas during September 1960, did not materialize until October during the 1961 season. In PENN- SYLVANIA, face fly was abundant in attics. The fly that was abundant around homes in Smithfield area, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, was probably LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia canicularis). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) invaded many homes in UTAH and was abundant in attics in PENNSYLVANIA. Numerous reports of MOTH FLIES were received during early August from areas throughout MISSOURI, where they were caus- ing a nuisance around homes. High populations of VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) were a decided household nuisance in CALIFORNIA during the fruit and melon season. Adults of ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) were extremely numerous during the spring months in NEW MEXICO and large numbers were attracted to lights at which places they became a nuisance in homes and buildings, Adults of a CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis inconcinna) occurred again in heavy flights in the western areas of TEXAS and annoyed residents by spotting walls and draperies. A PSYCHID MOTH (Apterona crenulella) again infested the outsides of a few homes in the northern part of UTAH during 1961. INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) was generally abundant as a pantry pest in NEW JERSEY during 1961 and caused damage to home=stored foods in UTAH, Both CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) and WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH (Tineola bisselliella) were noted in Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA. A heavy population of the former caused severe damage to rolled carpeting stored in a home at Fargo. The latter pest caused light damage to a carpet in the same city. Webbing clothes moth was reported as abundant in NORTH CAROLINA, and unspecified CLOTHES MOTHS appeared as household pests in UTAH. DRUGSTORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) caused serious damage to home furnishings and food products in OREGON and was very active in CALIFORNIA homes. CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) was usually numerous in home-stored foods in DELAWARE and infested the same kind of products in scattered areas of TEXAS. An ANOBIID BEETLE (Hadrobregmus carinatus) caused severe damage to a barn in Anne Arundel County, MARYLAND. Joists of poplar wood had been so damaged that they broke. In PENNSYLVANIA, this same species caused considerable damage to museum floors, beams and many wooden museum pieces. OREGON FIR SAWYER (Monochamus oregonensis) caused concern in ALASKA in the Tanana and Matanuska Valleys by emerging into rooms of homes from rafters and beams of recently cut spruce and leaving visible holes in walls. OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylo- trupes bajulus) and a ROUNDHEADED WOOD BORER (Smodicum cucujiforme) were noted in MARYLAND; the former species was common in all sections of the State and the latter caused a heavy infestation in oak timbers in a home at Gambler, Carroll County. Another ROUNDHEADED WOOD BORER (Arhopalus productus) was destructive to new homes in CALIFORNIA where green lumber was used. Emerging beetles left holes in floors, walls, rugs and linoleum. As many as 50 emergence holes in a single residence were reported. = 2X50) ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was more common in CONNECTICUT homes in the fall of 1961 than in 1960, SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) caused serious damage to home-stored food and also caused annoyance in OREGON, UTAH, WISCONSIN, DELAWARE, NEW JERSEY and PENNSYLVANIA during the 1961 season. In the last=named State, FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) was also a pest. Only a few reports of ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) were received in VIRGINIA. This species was attracted to lights and became a nuisance in homes. In OHIO, this weevil caused local annoyance in Washington, Pike and Athens Coun- ties by entering homes in numbers in September, STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyr= hinus ovatus) invaded homes in Liberty and Lewis and Clark Counties, MONTANA. A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) was unusually numerous in NEW HAMPSHIRE, with troublesome populations encountered in 5 new localities in the State. This weevil became evident in RHODE ISLAND about July 10 and was troublesome, swarming on foundations of homes in Cumberland area, Providence County, by the end of July. A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) became a household pest in Snohomish and King Counties, WASHINGTON. GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) damaged stored foods in homes in UTAH and caused a nuisance in kitchens and pantries. BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) caused considerable damage to wool clothing in the Matanuska Valley area of ALASKA. It was one of the principal pests of household stored products in WISCONSIN, PENNSYLVANIA and NEW JERSEY. In MARYLAND, this species and FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus flavipes) caused considerable concern to homeowners in all sections of the State. VARIED CARPET BEETLE (Anthre- nus verbasci) became a widespread household pest in Yakima County, WASHINGTON, and caused serious damage to home furnishings and food products in OREGON; and increased considerably in PENNSYLVANIA. Various species of DERMESTID BEETLES were reported infesting and causing annoyance in homes in CALIFORNIA, UTAH, MONTANA, NORTH DAKOTA and CONNECTICUT. A CRYPTO- PHAGID BEETLE (Cryptophagus Sp. ) infested residences in a few locations in north= ern CALIFORNIA, TULE BEETLE (Agonum maculicolle) was more of a nuisance than in past years in CALIFORNIA. Adults were attracted to lights and invaded homes in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. Infestations were for short periods and control measures were ineffective. Heavy infestations of undetermined species of POWDER-POST BEETLES occurred in oak flooring of a York County, MAINE, home; damage observed in January 1961 was not estimated. Complaints about powder-post beetles in NEW HAMPSHIRE were received in about the usual number. Lyctus spp. particularly damaged flooring and hard- wood furniture in OREGON. A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus africanus) and FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLES (Dinoderus brevis and D. minutus) damaged bamboo drapes and furniture on several occasions in CALIFORNIA, SAP BEETLES were of less ocncern in WISCONSIN to homeowners than in the previous season, Carpophilus spp. were of temporary concern to many housewives in CALI- FORNIA during the summer months, and many housewives expressed concern that sap beetles might become permanent pests. The first record of WHARF BORER (Nacerdes melanura) being abundant and a nuisance in NORTH DAKOTA was noted this past year; it was reported in 2 office buildings in Fargo, Cass County. A SPIDER BEETLE (Mezium affine) was discovered infesting a basement in WYOMING at Worland, Washakie County, on Jume 2, for a new State record. No further — PAS infestations were found during the remainder of the year. Unspecified SPIDER BEETLES were numerous in several Anchorage, ALASKA, homes, and they were an annoyance in kitchens and caused damage to stored foods in UTAH. Ptinus spp. became pests in some homes in TEXAS and were a nuisance in homes in Curry and Roosevelt Counties, NEW MEXICO, during July and August. RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) became a household pest in RHODE ISLAND when numerous adults were found resting on a house in Smithfield, Provi- dence County, in early May. They were apparently attracted to fresh paint. CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) was unusually numerous this past season in DELAWARE in home-stored food products, and adults infested flour in several MARYLAND homes. In UTAH, this species was a nuisance in kitchens and pantries and attacked stored food in homes. RED FLOUR BEETLE (T. castaneum) caused serious damage to food products in homes in OREGON. af An infestation of a LATHRIDIID BEETLE (Cartodere sp.) developed in a remodeled historic house in Providence, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, in late July. Adults of unspecified SNAKEFLIES were reported invading homes in Marin County, CALIFORNIA, and biting residents in November. Also in California, SPRINGTAILS created considerable nuisance by invading homes in many locations. New sub- divisions were most affected. A DRYWOOD TERMITE (Kalotermes minor) infestation was discovered in furniture in Fort Smith, Sebastian County, ARKANSAS. Eradicative treatment was applied to the infested home. It is believed that this species is incapable of maintaining itself in this area. A ROTTENWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) caused consider- able damage in OREGON during 1961. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) swarmed in RHODE ISLAND, and alates were especially noticed during April. Flight of this species was heavy, as usual, in NEW JERSEY from late March into June, Eastern subterranean termite was reported as abundant and received considerable attention in NORTH CAROLINA. SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) again caused considerable concern and losses in all sections of MARYLAND. They were also the most consistently encountered household pests in INDIANA. Questions received throughout the year in that State indicate a definite inter- est in preventive treatment in new construction. Reticulitermes sp. was of some direct concern to man in COLORADO during the 1961 season. Subterranean termites again damaged many homes and other buildings throughout UTAH; termite damage appears to increase each year in that State. More infestations were reported and more requests for control of Reticulitermes spp. were received in NEVADA than in previous years. In WYOMING, numerous infestations of a subterranean termite, probably WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus), were found in buildings throughout the State during 1961. Considerable damage was reported in many instances. This pest is rapidly becoming a serious problem to residents in the State. Some infestations of western subterranean termite were reported in IDAHO in Canyon County during April. Western subterranean termite caused considerable damage in OREGON during 1961. Unspecified TERMITES were considered the most important structural wood insects in VIRGINIA during 1961 and were reported from 43 towns and cities in CONNECTICUT. Complaints of ter- mites in NEW HAMPSHIRE were received in about the usual numbers and the pests were found in Sullivan County for the first time in December. Several termite infestations occurred in Dawson and Lewis and Clark Counties, MONTANA. PILLBUGS appeared in many homes in Valley, Deer Lodge, Yellowstone and Prairie Counties, MONTANA. MILLIPED populations were very high in NEBRASKA where they migrated into residen- tial buildings in the southern area during September and caused concern to home- owners. They were also very numerous throughout KANSAS and entered homes, motels and other buildings, and congregated in abundance along foundation walls. Milli- peds caused concern in MARYLAND, VIRGINIA and NORTH CAROLINA. = 262 — Specimens of HOUSE CENTIPEDE (Scutigera coleoptrata) were determined from several counties in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. There were several complaints in mid-May in Wakefield area, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, concerning this pest in homes. Infestations of CENTIPEDES were reported in MARYLAND. A SOLPUGID (Eremobates pallipes) caused alarm in a Chase County, NEBRASKA, home. Unspecified SOLPUGIDS were reported as a nuisance in homes, offices and farm buildings in COLORADO and were more numerous than usual in Douglas, Ormsby, Pershing and Washoe Counties, NEVADA. They became abundant in many areas of MONTANA and invaded homes in Wilbaux, Yellowstone, Park, Liberty, Dawson, Roose- velt, Teton and Sheridan Counties, Adults of FOWL TICK (Argas persicus) invaded a residence in Sacramento, Sacramento County, CALIFORNIA. This pest was common on ranch properties in desert areas of Riverside and Imperial Counties. Also in California, household invasions by BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) were quite common again this past season. Both NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) and TROPICAL RAT MITE (0. bacoti) became a nuisance in homes in CALIFORNIA and both species appear to be more abun= dant. Tropical rat mite caused extreme annoyance, particularly in northern Cali- fornia. Tropical rat mite infested a home in the south central area of TEXAS and annoyed the residents with its bite. MUSHROOM MITE (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) infested cabinets in a home in the cen- tral area of TEXAS. WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) became a nuisance in a few homes in the southeastern part of KANSAS. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was an increasing nuisance in ALASKA at Anchorage and Palmer, as well as on military bases. Heavy populations of clover mite invaded homes in many areas of CALIFORNIA from February to June, creating much nuisance to homeowners. Occurrence of this mite is about the same as in past years. Numerous reports concerning this pest around homes were made in IDAHO during March, April and May. It was particularly abundant around homes in the Caldwell area, Canyon County; Idaho Falls area, Bonneville County; and Weiser area, Washington County. Clover mite invaded homes in Richland, Powder River, Fergus, Hill, Park, Blaine, Rosebud, Sheridan, Teton, Gallatin, Petroleum, Yellowstone and Valley Counties, MONTANA. Heavy populations of clover mite that caused damage to lawns were a source of annoyance to homeowners throughout WYOMING during 1961. Clover mite was unusually abundant in UTAH. Several thousand homes were invaded by this pest in the spring. It was also a nuisance in homes, offices and farm buildings in COLORADO. This mite was especially troublesome during February in NEW MEXICO in northern counties where it entered homes in large numbers as weather became warm then turned cold again. This mite annoyed residents in Mitchell County, TEXAS. Few complaints were received in KANSAS concerning this pest. Moderate numbers were noted in NEBRASKA during October. Several heavy populations were reported invading homes in both eastern and western areas of NORTH DAKOTA during the spring months. Clover mite was very troublesome in homes in RHODE ISLAND during the early spring. Complaints about this pest were especially numerous during April. This mite was also very common in CONNECTICUT. Clover mite was abundant in both the spring and fall in NEW JERSEY. In PENNSYLVANIA, however, clover mite was not so abundant as usual although it was troublesome during the fall. In MARYLAND and VIRGINIA, this pest caused considerable concern to homeowners. = 263) = STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS Highlights: KHAPRA BEETLE was found in only 2 states in 1961, those being California and Arizona. As of the end of the year, all infestations had been eradicated. The usual number of other stored-product pests were reported as damaging during the year in various parts of the country. Those most frequently mentioned were INDIAN-MEAL MOTH, DERMESTIDS, SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE, GRANARY WEEVIL and FLOUR BEETLES (Tribolium spp.). FRO IR OK ICR RIK A 2K 2K AK OK STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS were more prevalent and apparently occurred in shorter cycles than normal in CALIFORNIA and continued as a nuisance in entire year. No significant change or known developments in stored-grain insects occurred in ARKANSAS compared with 1960. Many elevators in the white club wheat area of southeastern WASHINGTON were emptied during the past winter under increased overseas exports. Where good cleanup of empty bins and residual treatments were applied before the 1961 crop was binned, insect problem should be minimal, Stored-product insects were very common in stored grains in CONNECTICUT, INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) was commonly reported as infesting stored products in homes, stores and barns in VIRGINIA, and infestations were reported in homes in all sections of MARYLAND. Light, larval infestations were observed in several commercial grain storage units in eastern NORTH DAKOTA and larvae were reported in stored grain in Sully, Yankton and Brookings Counties, SOUTH DAKOTA, during the fall. The pest was collected in Lewis and Clark County, MONTANA, and infestations occurred in shelled corn in southeast WYOMING. Rapid and effective control measures prevented serious damage in the latter State. Indian-meal moth was a problem in elevators,metal bins and flat storage areas containing wheat, corn and sorghum in KANSAS and it attacked stored grain in TEXAS. Larvae and adults of Indian-meal moth were very abundant in stored grain checked for khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) in NEW MEXICO, especially in the southern counties. This meal moth caused damage in grain mills, seed-and feede stores and granaries in UTAH, and some grocery stores also became infested in the latter State. The pest was found in home-stored cereal materials in CALI- FORNIA and caused many inquiries concerning control. ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) continued as the most important pest of stored small grains and corn in all sections of MARYLAND, but only an occa- sional report of an infestation was received in VIRGINIA. The pest was also reported as a pest of stored grain in TEXAS, and limited damage occurred to some farm—stored products in OKLAHOMA, Angoumois grain moth was found in home-stored cereal materials in CALIFORNIA and was the subject of many inquiries regarding control. MEAL MOTH (Pyralis farinalis) was collected in Cascade County, MONTANA, and MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH (Anagasta kuhniella) was occasionally reported in VIRGINIA. However, both of these species were found in home-stored cereal materials in CALIFORNIA, and many inquiries were received regarding control of both. Infestations of a PYRALID MOTH (Aglossa caprealis) were reported in MARYLAND and VIRGINIA. KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) was found in only two states during 1961. As of the end of the year, however, all infestations had been treated and none were known to exist in the United States. In CALIFORNIA, 5 properties were found infested during May, all of which were successfully fumigated. There have been 347 known infested properties since the beginning of the eradication pro- gram in that State, involving some 84,753,594 cubic feet of fumigation. During 1961, 22,970 properties were inspected in California. Several new or reinfes- tations were discovered during the year in ARIZONA, The map on the following page gives the status of the program as of November 30, 1961. — 264 - KHAPRA BEETLE ERADICATION Ae a 347 ZG Infestation found In warehouses, mills and farm storages In 34 U.S. Counties ' LZZA Counties where infestations have occurred since the beginning of the program (179.5 million cu. ft. of storage volume infested and treated) 1 | | 1 | | | 750 properties infested (U.S. -and Mexico) H | ! | 1 | Note: Numbers=sites infested and treated H | a 8f-—-—---------+te Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations, PPC, ARS,USDA November 30, I961 The khapra beetle survey in WASHINGTON, which was made during the fall of 1960 and spring of 1961, revealed the following DERMESTIDS: Trogoderma inclusum in Whitman County, T. simplex in Walla Walla County, T. parabile in Clark County, T. glabrum in Yakima County and VARIED CARPET BEETLE Caeenecaee verbasci) in Yakima and Thurston Counties. In CALIFORNIA, 8 species of Trogoderma have been recorded, none of which possess the destructive powers of khapra beetle. They are T. parabile, T. sternale, T. ornatum, T. glabrum, T. inclusum, T. grassmani and T. simplex. Numerous species of Trogoderma were collected in all parts of COLORADO, but none were khapra beetle. Light to heavy infestations of Trogoderma spp., other than khapra beetle, were reported on several occasions during 1961 in ARIZONA, and T. parabile was encountered more frequently than any other species of Trogoderma in NEVADA during 1961. Khapra beetle surveys in OKLAHOMA continued to be negative during 1961. Trogoderma spp. caused damage in grain mills, seeds and feedstores and granaries in UTAH, and some grocery stores also became infes— ted in that State. DERMESTIDS were a problem in only a few flat storage units in KANSAS. Occasional infestations of varied carpet beetle and FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus flavipes) were reported in VIRGINIA, and Anthrenus sp., Attagenus sp. and Perimegatoma sp. were found in association with other insects in stored grain and warehouse inspections in CALIFORNIA. BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) commonly infested stored products in homes, stores and barns during 1961 in VIRGINIA; and heavy infestations of the pest were found in stored barley in several granaries in Sheridan, Goshen and Platte Counties, WYOMING. DRUGSTORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) commonly infested stored products in homes, stores and barns in VIRGINIA and the pest was found associated with other insects in stored grain and warehouse inspections in CALIFORNIA. CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasio- derma serricorne) was common in homes, stores and barns in VIRGINIA and infested various cereals and spices in all sections of MARYLAND. It was also a common pest of foodstuffs in CALIFORNIA residences, causing irritation to many house— wives. Cigarette beetle was also frequently found in prepared foodstuffs in ALASKA, =—§265 = LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) attacked stored grain in TEXAS and was reported in Baca County, COLORADO. It was a problem in only a few flat storage units and metal bins in KANSAS. SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) was again common and infested stored nuts, grains and cereals in many homes throughout MARYLAND, and was common in VIRGINIA. The pest was reported attacking stored grain in TEXAS and caused limited damage to some farm=-stored products in OKLAHOMA and KANSAS. An infesta- tion of saw=toothed grain beetle was heavy in sacked commercial feed held in storage in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA, and two reports of this pest doing damage to stored grain in Spink County, SOUTH DAKOTA, were received. Heavy infestations occurred in many bins of stored grain throughout WYOMING, particularly in the southeast. Examination of trucks moving grain within the State revealed many infestations. Infestations were also reported in many areas of COLORADO where wheat and other grains were stored. The beetle caused damage in grain mills, seed—-and feedstores and granaries in UTAH, and it was discovered in stored grain in Lincoln, McCone and Blaine Counties, MONTANA. Heavy infestations of saw-toothed grain beetle were found in Navajo and Coconino Counties, ARIZONA, during the fall and the insect was found in association with other insects in stored grain and warehouses in CALIFORNIA. Saw-toothed grain beetle was commonly encountered in stored grains in IDAHO, but was not serious; and light infestations of the pest were observed in shipments and a number of carloads required fumigation in WASH- INGTON. The insect was also frequently encountered in prepared foodstuffs in ALASKA, FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Cryptolestes pusillus) was the most prevalent beetle in bran in KANSAS, reported attacking stored grain in TEXAS and commonly encountered in stored grain in IDAHO. - GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) was found in association with other insects in warehouses and stored grain in CALIFORNIA, as was RICE WEEVIL (S. oryzae). Granary weevil was commonly encountered in stored grain in IDAHO, and was discov- ered in stored winter wheat in Glacier County, MONTANA, Granary weevil was dama- ging in UTAH; reported from many areas of COLORADO where wheat and other grains were stored; caused limited damage to some farm=—stored products in OKLAHOMA; attacked stored grain in TEXAS; and infested unprotected stored grains in all sections of MARYLAND. Rice weevil also caused limited damage to some farm storage in OKLAHOMA and attacked stored grain in TEXAS. CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) was reported attacking stored grain during 1961 in TEXAS, CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) adults infested flour in several homes over MARYLAND and the pest was common in stored products in homes, stores and barns in VIRGINIA. A heavy infestation was noted in feed oats at Williston, Williams County, NORTH DAKOTA; and adults and larvae of the beetle were damaging a variety of stored products throughout 1961 in all areas of SOUTH DAKOTA. Confused flour beetle was the third most important beetle in bran in KANSAS during the year, and limited damage occurred to some farm-stored products in OKLAHOMA. It was also reported as a pest of stored grain in TEXAS. Infestations were reported in many areas of COLORADO where wheat and other grains were stored; and the pest caused damage in grain mills, seed-and feedstores and granaries in UTAH. Some grocery stores in the latter State were also infested. RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) was frequently found infesting prepared foodstuffs in ALASKA and was observed in shipments of grain in WASHINGTON, some of which required fumigation. Red flour beetle was a pest of stored grain in IDAHO, but was not serious. However, the pest heavily infested granaries throughout WYOMING although little control was applied. Red flour beetle was the second most important pest of bran in KANSAS, and heavy infestations of the beetle occurred in some ARIZONA warehouses and mills, with the heaviest activity = 266 — occurring during the winter months. Red flour beetle was frequently found in VIRGINIA during the year. FLOUR BEETLES (Tribolium spp.) appeared in Fergus and Dawson Counties, MONTANA. YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) was occasionally reported during the year in VIRGINIA, and it was discovered in Carbon and Lewis and Clark Counties, MONTANA. A heavy infestation of a DARKLING BEETLE (Alphitophagus bifasciatus) occurred on stored sorghum seed in Yavapai County, ARIZONA, during the spring. GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) was collected in Liberty and Stillwater Counties, MONTANA. A STORED-PRODUCT INSECT survey was conducted in May in OHIO to determine the kinds and relative abundance of insects associated with waste grain product accumula-—- tions in grain elevators and feed mills. A total of 117 quart samples of spilled grain, feed and miscellaneous material was collected in 70 counties and retained for at least a month to allow insects to develop. Careful screenings revealed the following insects in order of occurrence (numbers in parentheses refer to number of establishments in which each insect was found): Black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus) (102); saw-toothed grain beetle(Oryzaephilus surinamensis) (44); yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and DARK MEALWORM (T. obscurus) (43) ; granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) (42); cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus) (35); flat grain beetle (Cryptolestes usillus) (30); DEPRESSED FLOUR BEETLE (Palorus subdepressus) and P, ratzeburgi (23) ; Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuhniella) (16); and rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) (8). In addition, at least 19 other species were found in 6 or fewer locations. BENEFICIAL INSECTS Highlights: LADY BEETLES were frequently mentioned as being of considerable importance in controlling aphid infestations in different areas of the United States. They were late in building up in some areas, however, because of the cool, wet spring weather. PUNCTUREVINE WEEVILS (Microlarinus spp.) were released in California, Nevada and New Mexico for the control of puncturevine,. They apparently became established in these states. A GORSE WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) has become established in northern California and expanded its range in Coos County, Oregon. KLAMATHWEED BEETLES have been reported effective in Cali- fornia, Several PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS were reported as being of importance in various areas of the country during 1961. Several of these hymenopterons were released in certain areas to help control pea aphid. Parasitism of European corn borer by a TACHINA FLY (Lydella grisescens) increased in Kansas, and empty pupal cases of the parasite were frequently found in eastern and southeastern Nebraska during 1961. LACEWINGS, DAMSEL BUGS and FLOWER BUGS were reported as being important predators in several states. FOR OR OK OK OK RK OR KK OK A 2K 22K 2K OK LADY BEETLE populations were about normal in IDAHO and were predaceous on nymphs of pear psylla (Psylla pyricola) in WASHINGTON, but were not sufficiently numerous in this latter State to prevent early season damage by pear psylla to pears. Various species of lady beetles were the most numerous and effective predators of aphids during the 1961 season in NEVADA and various species were abundant on crops throughout WYOMING during 1961. Large populations were found in alfalfa, potatoes, beans and corn in the latter State, the largest numbers being encoun- tered in alfalfa during June and July. Hippodamia spp., primarily CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (H. convergens) , were commonly encountered on several crops during the year in ARIZONA. Scymnus sp. controlled mite infestations in mulberry trees in Maricopa County, Arizona, Hippodamia spp. were of considerable benefit in COLORADO, controlling aphids on field crops, vegetables and ornamental shrubs. — 267 - This same genus of lady beetles was first noted during the season in NEBRASKA in mid-April. Large populations built up in the northeast area of the State in early June, coinciding with the heavy pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) outbreak. Development of these lady beetles was hampered early in the year by cool, wet weather. Scattered, local populations continued the remainder of the season in Nebraska, building up especially in corn infested with corn leaf aphid (Rhopa- losiphum maidis). Various species of lady beetles, primarily convergent lady beetle and Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris, were present in normal numbers during 1961 in KANSAS. These species, along with other predators, were chiefly responsible for the 46.2 percent reduction of first-brood European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in the State. Several species of lady beetles were present in usual numbers in OKLAHOMA, and several species were present in cotton fields in ARKANSAS during the year. Lady beetles, primarily Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris, convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia parenthesis, He H. tredecimpunctata and Coccinella novemnotata, built up rather slowly in pea aphid-infested fields in ILLINOIS during May. They increased more rapidly in early June and, along with weather and chemical treatments, had almost wiped out the aphids by late June. Larval populations of the lady beetles at this time ran as high as 660 per 100 sweeps. In August, lady beetles were abundant in some corn fields where corn leaf aphid was present in small numbers, Lady beetles were common on alfalfa and clover throughout VIRGINIA and were probably instrumental in keeping aphid populations in check. C. novemnotata and convergent lady beetle were the most common species observed. Overwintering forms of Coleomegilla maculata were the most often encountered species and were also reported as being active on various shade trees, in association with aphid infes— tations in Virginia. PUNCTUREVINE WEEVILS (Microlarinus spp.) releases were made during the year in CALIFORNIA which is encouraging, since the weevils apparently became established. Two species, M. lareyniei and Microlarius sp., probably lypriformis, were released in Clark County, NEVADA, during July for the control of puncturevine. The same two. species were released in Pima County, ARIZONA, during the summer. Surveys in December indicated that both species have become established in that area of Arizona, A GORSE WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) has become established in a few northern counties of CALIFORNIA where gorse is a problem. The weevil has expanded its range in Coos County, OREGON. A number of releases have been made in Curry and western Lane Counties in the latter State, but the weevils have not developed effective populations to control gorse in those areas. A WEEVIL (Smicronyx interruptus) caused galls on dodder in Walla Walla County, WASHINGTON; and larvae of a ROUND-— HEADED WOOD BORER (Crossidius pulchellus) were found to be very abundant in roots of snakeweed in rangeland areas of Torrance and Guadalupe Counties, NEW MEXICO. KLAMATHWEED BEETLES, Chrysolina quadrigemina, C. geminata and Agrilus hyperici, were very active in Klamathweed during the year. in CALIFORNIA, Many thousands of acres of grazing ground have now been restored by the beetles. A CINNABAR MOTH (Tyria jacobaeae), introduced into Linn and Polk Counties, OREGON, for tansy ragwort control in 1960, has maintained its colonies, but is not con- sidered firmly established at this time. The moth has also apparently become established in a very local area on tansy ragwort in CALIFORNIA, but sufficient buildup has not developed to evaluate the control of the weed as yet. Also in California, a SCOTCH-BROOM TIP MOTH (Leucoptera spartifoliella) has become established in two areas where Scotch-broom is encroaching on range and forest lands. Various species of PARASITIC WASPS were observed in small numbers in some pea aphid- infested fields in southern ILLINOIS in late April. Populations increased rapidly, — 268i and numbers were fairly abundant in both northern and southern area clover and alfalfa fields in late May and June. Many parasitic wasps were very important in cotton fields in ARKANSAS, especially as parasites of aphids. Several PARASITIC BRACONIDS wexe important during 1961 in the United States. In IDAHO, two important parasites of pea aphid, Praon simulans and Aphidius pisi- vorus, were commonly encountered in the Clearwater River area during June and early July in fields infested with pea aphid. Additionally, the imported para- site, Aphidius smithi, was recovered in numbers during June and early July in areas of Idaho which had colony releases during May. However, no parasites were recovered in pea aphid-infested areas following the resurgence of pea aphid populations during September in the State. In OREGON, two shipments numbering several hundred specimens of Aphidius sp., a parasite of pea aphid, were released on a university farm near Corvallis, Benton County, on April 23. A release of 600 A. smithi was made near Hermiston, Umatilla County, Oregon, on May 5. Aphidius pisivorus was found in widely scattered alfalfa fields in Walla Walla County, WASHINGTON, by the end of April. Also in Washington, Apanteles solitarius was commonly found on light infestations of satin moth (Stilpnotia Salicis) on San Juan Island which in turn was heavily parasitized by a secondary parasite. The braconids, Trioxys utilis and Praon palitans, two parasites of spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata) , were commonly encountered during the year in ARIZONA. A. smithi, and possibly another species of Aphidius, parasitized pea aphid in alfalfa in Arizona. In OKLAHOMA, light populations of Aphidius testaceipes were becoming common in most areas by March. Peak activity occurred during April and May, when medium to heavy numbers were common in most small grain areas. In some cases, complete control of aphids in small grain was achieved. High percentages of control of aphids were also achieved on ornamentals in the southeastern area of Oklahoma. Up to 10 percent of corn leaf aphids were "mummified" in north central areas of the State, Another PARASITIC BRACONID (Aphaereta pallipes) was present in puparia of face fly (Musca autumnalis) during 1961 in MISSOURI. The percentage of parasitism in 3 groups of face fly larvae collected in the central area of that State during August and September ranged from 24 to 84 percent, with average of 57 percent of the maggots affected. The parasite could not emerge from face fly pupae naturally. Results of the survey to determine distribution and natural hosts of this parasite showed that A. pallipes naturally infested 2 other species of cow manure inhabiting flies in the central area of Missouri. The host species are Orthellia caesarion and Sarcophaga derelicta. The braconid emerged naturally from these latter two hosts. A EULOPHID (Aphelinis semiflavis), a parasite of spotted alfalfa aphid, was commonly encountered during 1961 in ARIZONA; and a PTEROMALID (Halticoptera aenea), a parasite of leaf miners, was abundant in alfalfa in the Dexter area of Chaves County, NEW MEXICO, Larvae of alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) were found 30 to 60 percent infested with an ICHNEUMONID (Bathyplectes curculionis) in all parts of COLORADO during 1961; and a SCOLIID (Scolia dubia) was frequently reported as common in several VIRGINIA counties, particularly around infesta- tions of green June beetle (Cotinis nitida). In INDIANA, field collections of loopers (Anagrapha falcifera, Rachiplusia ou, Trichoplusia ni and Autographa precationis) from commercially grown mint in Jasper County, yielded parasitic species in varying numbers. Both primary and secondary (hyperparasitic) parasites were reared from these hosts. Species of the family Tachinidae, as well as parasitic Hymenoptera of the families Eulo- phidae, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae, were represented in these samples. Other hymenopterous parasites, Praon simulans and Aphidius pisivorus (braconids) as well as Aphelinus sp. (Eulophidae) , were reared from pea aphid. HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) pollination in WASHINGTON orchards was variable because of inclement weather during April and May; pollination periods on legume-seed crops shortened by high temperatures of summer in nonirrigated = 269 — areas. Several thousand colonies were destroyed by a carbamate insecticide used for corn earworm control on sweet corn in the lower Yakima Valley; poisoning cases were first noted about July 15, continuing into the summer in late corn areas. A survey indicated that about 60 percent of the colonies were lost by fall in the most hazardous locality; many more will probably not survive the winter. Drought conditions in southern and central CALIFORNIA reduced the natural honey bee pas- ture and resulted in greater crowding of apiaries into irrigated areas. Bee losses attributed to pesticide injury havebeen great. Many colonies are too weak or have insufficient stores to overwinter. A high incidence of American fowlbrood disease has been found in apiaries neglected or abandoned because of beekeepers losing interest or taking other work. Emergence of ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) began in mid-June in Humboldt County, NEVADA, in areas where alfalfa seed is produced. The native populations were equal to those of 1960 which were below those of pevious years in Nevada, Alkali bee began emerging in the southwestern part of IDAHO in early June. Population levels were generally higher during the past year due to continued efforts on the part of many growers to protect and maintain present nesting sites and to establish new "bee beds". A number of WASHINGTON growers completed movement of soil cores to artificial bee sites during early June. Adult alkali bee emergence started in the Yakima Valley of Washington by mid-June. High temperatures in June hastened emergence and shortened the pollination period which caused a general reduction in seed yields from alfalfa. A LEAFCUTTING ANT (Megachile rotundata) became far more common to abundant in southern IDAHO during the past year, especially in certain areas of the Boise Valley in the southwestern part of the State. Measures have been taken by many growers in these areas to provide additional nesting sites for this species. M. rotundata was collected in WASHINGTON at Moses Lake, Grant County; Pasco, Franklin County; and Prosser, Benton County. In NEVADA, several species of Anthophora (Apidae) , Megachile (Megachilidae) and Xylocopa (Apidae) were observed as pollinators of alfalfa in Clark County, and those of Anthophora, Bombus (Apidae), Megachile, Melissodes (Apidae) and Osmia (Megachilidae) as pollinators of alfalfa and clover in Humboldt County. ‘Empty pupal cases of a PARASITIC TACHINA FLY (Lydella grisescens) were found quite frequently in east and southeast NEBRASKA during both the summer and fall surveys for European corn borer. In KANSAS, parasitism of European corn borer by this tachina fly increased to 13 percent compared with 4 percent in 1960. In ARIZONA, another TACHINA FLY (Voria ruralis) parasitized cabbage looper which was infesting cole crops and lettuce. In Larimer County, COLORADO, grasshoppers were subject to considerable attack by ROBBER FLIES and FLESH FLIES, and these flies were also active in other areas of that State. FLOWER FLIES appeared on several crops in ARIZONA and larvae of these flies were present in moderate numbers in pea aphid-infested fields of clover and alfalfa in northern ILLINOIS in early June. Populations of flower flies were about normal in IDAHO. LACEWINGS appeared on several crops in ARIZONA and were present in usual numbers in OKLAHOMA. These predators, in combination with other predatory species, were largely responsible for the 26.2 percent reduction in the population of first= brood European corn borer in KANSAS. Chrysopa spp. were abundant in alfalfa and potatoes in southeast WYOMING and the Big Horn Basin and approximately 50 per 10 sweeps were present on red clover in eastern NEBRASKA during June. Activity of these species was also common in fields containing corn leaf aphid in the latter State, and in cotton fields in ARKANSAS. GOLDEN-EYE LACEWING (Chrysopa oculata) larvae were rather scarce during 1961 in ILLINOIS, but another LACEWING Cc: coloradensis) was very effective in controlling aphid populations in alfalfa in COLORADO. — 210) = DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) were commonly encountered on several crops in ARIZONA during the season and, except for lady beetles, were one of the most frequently encountered predators in alfalfa and cotton in NEVADA, Damsel bug populations were near normal during 1961 in IDAHO and varying numbers, ranging from 2 to 60 per 10 sweeps, occurred throughout the 1961. season in legumes in NEBRASKA, These predators were very effective in alfalfa, keeping aphid populations at low levels in COLORADO and large populations occurred in most areas of WYOMING during 1961, particularly in alfalfa in areas where large populations of Lygus spp. were present. These predators, in combination with other predatory species, were largely responsible for a 46.2 percent reduction in the first—brood popula- tion of European corn borer in KANSAS. Damsel bugs were relatively scarce throughout the season in ILLINOIS; the first adults of the season were observed in clover fields on April 21. Damsel bugs were common throughout VIRGINIA on alfalfa and clover during 1961 and probably were instrumental in keeping aphid populations in check. They were also abundant in cotton in ARKANSAS. FLOWER BUGS were predaceous on nymphs of pear psylla in WASHINGTON, but not sufficiently so to prevent early season damage to pears. Orius spp. were abundant throughout WYOMING, the largest populations occurring in corn and grain fields in the southeast, and were frequently encountered in ARIZONA during the year. Light to heavy populations of a FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) were present in alfalfa, vetch, corn and grain sorghum in OKLAHOMA, particu- larly in the southeast area, with peak activity from June through August. This same flower bug was present in normal numbers in KANSAS during the 1961 season, and along with other species of predators, helped reduce the European corn borer population. Reduction of the first-brood European corn borer popu- lation in Kansas by predators was 46.2 percent, but the second-brood reduction was only 18.8 percent. O. insidiosus was abundant in fields of clover, alfalfa and corn in ILLINOIS where aphids were present, and was abundant in cotton in ARKANSAS. MINUTE PIRATE BUGS and ASSASSIN BUGS, except for lady beetles, were two of the most frequently encountered predators in alfalfa and cotton in NEVADA. BIG—EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) populations were near normal in IDAHO and commonly encoun= tered in ARIZONA, NEVADA and ARKANSAS. A WHITEFLY (Aleyrodes spiraeoides) was recorded as a pest of Klamathweed in San Juan County, WASHINGTON. This species was previously reported as a major pest of late potatoes and a minor pest of red clover raised for seed in the eastern areas of the State. EUROPEAN MANTIS (Mantis religiosa) caused interest in many areas of RHODE ISLAND in mid-August. A predatory species of a PHYTOSEIID MITE was heavy in Yuma County, ARIZONA, in Bermuda grass—seed fields. Also in Arizona, an ERYTHRAEID MITE parasitized moths collected in central and southwestern areas, MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS Highlights: JAPANESE BEETLE became established in Sacramento, California, during 1961; eradication measures were immediately undertaken, Infestations continued to spread in Indiana and the beetle was numerous in many sections of eastern Ohio during 1961. IMPORTED FIRE ANT was found in 11 new counties and parishes during 1961. FEO IRI ICC IK KK =a = Marked progress has been made toward the elimination of outlying JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) infestations. During the fall of 1961, an additional 17,300 acres were treated near Sheldon, ILLINOIS. This program has involved a total of 130,821 acres. MICHIGAN and IOWA have treated all of their known infestations and TENNESSEE is undertaking a vigorous program to treat all of its known infes- tations. The beetle was probably the most important insect taken during 1961 in CALIFORNIA. Discovery of an infestation in the State Capitol grounds in Sacra- mento, Sacramento County, began an intensive eradication program. Foliage treatment began immediately after the initial discovery. Ground treatment followed and was completed late in the summer. Some 400 adults and 30 larvae were recovered during the June to November period. Over 3,000 traps were in operation in Sacramento and environs during the season as well as a large crew for visual inspection. Only 9 Japanese beetles were captured in 8 of 3,664 traps in operation in the St. Louis area of MISSOURI during the summer of 1961. Beetles were taken in untreated territory in and near downtown St. Louis. There were no beetles captured in 3 previously infested areas which had been soil treated in the past few years. Areas where beetles were captured in the summer of 1961 were soil treated with granular insecticide the following December by State and Federal personnel. Involved was an area of 1,100 acres which contained 400 acres of soil and turf. A total of 456 acres was also treated at the St. Louis-Lambert Municipal Airport as a precautionary measure to prevent establishment of the beetle. That work was done cooperatively by the State of Missouri, Federal Government and the St. Louis Airport Commission. One beetle was trapped at the airport at Columbia, Missouri. The area involved will be treated in the spring of 1962. Negative results were obtained from 717 traps in use in 27 other Missouri counties during the summer of 1961. why JAPANESE BEETLE - 1961 Z 3 as @ ) hd is 3 + © * peta: ; joe 5H 2 ot eS. J Ha teat o = ; eo [8% =e is a a e @- ° le = e U ea x ee “ vee a ae i = - con } 5 ene iD 5 | — AEP? ioe « ss = oe % ee Ei = Under Federal Regulation August 31, 1961 ~ JCounties Trapped ace INFESTATION “e Counties 1000 Acres and Over ¢ Counties Under 1000 Acres -- = 202) = Results of the Japanese beetle trapping program in Clark, Elko, Pershing and Washoe Counties, NEVADA, were negative; and no specimens were collected in traps placed at major commercial and military airports in NEW MEXICO during 1961. In NEBRASKA, two adults were trapped at Offutt Air Force Base, Douglas County, late in the summer. This is the first time the insect has been collected in the State. However, an infestation is not believed to be established. A total of 172 traps were established in SOUTH DAKOTA by July 17. No beetles were collected during the summer and fall. Japanese beetle continued to spread in INDIANA and is now known from most of the larger urban areas of the State. A new infestation at Vincennes was found during 1961. In general, population levels were low, although populations in Evansville were high. In the Newton County area, primarily rural, numbers were low except for a 2-square-mile area. Here, some 200,000 larvae per acre were found in soy- beanland in the fall of 1960 and a peak adult population of 25,000 per acre was present in August 1961. Adults were very numerous in many sections of eastern OHIO in 1961. larval counts in the fall indicate that the 1962 adult population will be lower than it was in 1961. The first adults were observed in RHODE ISLAND about July 3. They became very numerous in some areas of Providence and Cranston, Providence County, by July 14. No adults were noted in the Kingston and Narragansett areas of Washington County, which is unusual. Infestations in these areas became moderate later. Summer flights of ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) to lights were heavy and caused concern in RHODE ISLAND, especially in the southern portion of the State. A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga af. at cabs) was taken in a light trap in Mills County, IOWA, during the year; a new State record. SAP BEETLES (Glischrochilus spp.), often called picnic beetles, were troublesome throughout INDIANA during 1961, causing annoyance to picnickers and to people at other outdoor activities. Control practices now appear necessary and feas-— ible. G. quadrisignatus was abundant and annoying in northern OHIO during late July. EARWIGS were not so abundant as in 1960 in CONNECTICUT. A BARK BEETLE (Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis) became a nuisance in residences in several areas within CALIFORNIA. They were probably associated with stored firewood. Status of European Chafer ORIGINAL FIND CONNECTICUT New Haven Co. - Julyl a 5,195! NEW JERSEY Hudson Co. = July 6, [960 NEW YORK Wayne Co.- 1940, or earlier WEST VIRGINIA, Hampshire Co.- June 24, I954 i NY. and Jersey : i City infestation : See teeaeeenteetcereeereeere’s WH, \nkested @ Eradicated = PAE) Some progress has been made to date toward eliminating outlying EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) infestations and reducing the size of others. The infes- tation in WEST VIRGINIA has been treated in its entirety. Only a single specimen has been caught or observed in this area in the last 5 years. NEW JERSEY is treating all infestations found with eradication as the objective. Additional treatments were applied by the State of CONNECTICUT in the Meriden area in 1961. There apparently has been no spread from that area. In NEW YORK, however, control work has not kept pace with the spread. There has been yearly spread to new areas in this latter State. CICADA KILLER (Sphecius speciosus) was fairly abundant locally in RHODE ISLAND and caused concern due to ferocious appearance and conspicuous burrows in lawns. Adults were an annoying problem to many homeowners in MARYLAND, flying about lawns in Montgomery, Howard and Baltimore Counties. The species was also received for determination from several VIRGINIA localities during 1961. Infes- tations of GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) spread to several north and north-—- eastern GEORGIA counties during 1961. Infestations of ALLEGHENY MOUND ANT (Formica exsectoides) were heavy in Wayne County, OHIO, and reported killing young trees in the vicinity of the mounds. SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) was reported for the first time in NORTH CAROLINA during 1961. The infestation was in Anson County. IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) continued to spread somewhat during the 1961 season, but there has been continuing progress in the program, Approximately 3 million cumulative acres have been treated in 250 counties of 9 states. All known infestations in 65 peripheral counties have been treated. Eleven new counties and parishes were reported infested in 7 states during 1961. They were as follows: ALABAMA - Marion County; FLORIDA - Pinellas County; GEORGIA - Pulaski County; LOUISIANA — Caldwell, Catahoula, La Salle and Lincoln Parishes; MISSISSIPPI - Warren County; SOUTH CAROLINA - Jasper County; TEXAS - Brazoria and Montgomery Counties. Surveys for the pest in OKLAHOMA during 1961 were negative. ia STATUS OF IMPORTED FIRE ANT 7Ncscsasssconcsscsuenssusaneasossnsssocesonsererse#scrsonsnauaseencoers i CUMULATIVE TREATMENT DAT, Acres Treated *MississippL i North Carolina 14,410 i South Carolina 30,849 ; Toxas Total *Alobama and Mississippi data as of November 10, 1961. Infestations present. H H All known infestations-treated. : Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations, PPC, ARS, USDA November 30, 1961 tA Several programs were continued for FRUIT FLIES during 1961 in CALIFORNIA. Trapping and fruit cutting by county and State cooperation in locations where 3 ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) adults were taken in 1960 proved negative for this species. MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) is under project status as it does not occur in California. A year-around trapping program is main= tained. Federal participation assists in this part of the year. Regular bait sprays are applied as foliage sprays during the part of the year when there is hazard involved. No flies were taken in California in 1961; however, several flies were taken in Mexico adjacent to San Diego County. Also in California, specimesn of a rare species, Tephritis labecula, were received from a Frick trap in Prunus emarginata in Alpine County. Specimens of another fruit fly, Paroxyna pallidipennis, were also taken for the first time in the State in the same area, A MIDGE (Chironomus crassicaudatus) was extremely heavy near Georgetown, Kent County, MARYLAND, on August 15. Literally gallons of midges were caught in light traps within a few minutes. Extensive host records of SCALE INSECTS have been kept for the past several years in FLORIDA; during 1961, 159 new hosts were recorded in the State. In CALIFORNIA, control of the BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) continued during the year. The fall spray program applied spray treatment to approxi- mately 175,000 acres of range and brush lands in the San Joaquin Valley foot-— hills. Russian thistle elimination during the summer has reduced the area previously infested and treated. Also in California, CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dial- eurodes citri) spray treatment was applied to 22 city blocks in the City of Sacramento, Sacramento County. Post-spray check was negative for this species. A WATER BOATMAN (Corixa sp.) was particularly abundant in the Dos Palos area of Merced County, California, becoming a nuisance at night to the extent that several business establishments were forced to turn off lights and close up early. CALIFORNIA TORTOISE-SHELL (Nymphalis californica) infested 6 sections of land containing ceanothus on the Priest Lake Ranger District of IDAHO during May. Larvae of an EPIPASCHIID (Epipaschia zelleri) were observed skeletonizing poisonivy in the sandhills area of Ransom County, NORTH DAKOTA, during August 1960; a new State record. A BEE MITE (Acarapis doraslis) was found for the first time in WYOMING during early February at the Federal Bee Laboratory at Laramie, Albany County, on the thorax of honey bees (Apis mellifera). The mite was also found early in 1961 on honey bees in NEBRASKA; a new State record. SOWBUGS, MILLIPEDS and SLUGS were reported common in CONNECTICUT. We ti ASreRI ohne AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 March 30, 1962 Number 13 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG apparently declined in small grain in Curry, Roosevelt and Quay Counties, New Mexico.. Populations in panhandle area of Texas mostly noneconomic, but damaging numbers noted in one field just west of Amarillo. Some buildup of greenbug noted in southwest Oklahoma, but populations in other areas of State remain noneconomic. Several fields of wheat in panhandle area of Texas showing severe damage by a combination of winter kill, dry weather and BROWN WHEAT MITE. Light to medium populations of this mite observed in southwest and south central Oklahoma. (p. 277). PEA APHID light on alfalfa in Oklahoma and New Mexico, but winged forms becoming more abundant in latter State. (p. 278). GREEN PEACH APHID eggs numerous on peach trees in Weld County, Colorado; no evidence of mortality due to winter weather, CITRUS RUST MITE and CITRUS RED MITE below average on citrus in Florida, but TEXAS CITRUS MITE slightly more abundant than normal. FLORIDA RED SCALE below normal on Florida citrus, but PURPLE SCALE and BLACK SCALE populations are above normal, with infestations of former species expected to be light to moderate. Light EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR infestations appearing on plums and peaches in areas of Hays and Gillespie Counties, Texas. (p. 279). ARMY CUTWORM heavy on onions in Guadalupe County, Texas. (p. 280). Population explosion of SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE occurred in eastern Texas and peak emergence of NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH occurred in Arkansas. (p. 282). Nests of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR forming in southwestern Arkansas and FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR appearing in heavy numbers on oak in Hays and Comal Counties, Texas. (p. 283). Progress of SCREW-WORM eradication program in southern Texas reviewed (see map on page 285). (p. 284). Infestations of SHEEP SCAB MITE recently found in Guadalupe County, New Mexico, making eight counties where infested animals have been found in State. All infested herds being treated. (p. 285). Some First Reports of the Season GREEN PEACH APHID active in Maryland (p. 280); EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR nests forming in southwestern Arkansas and nests of FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR present in areas of central Texas (p. 283); PEA LEAF WEEVIL adults active and first and second instars of RASPBERRY CANE BORER present in Oregon (pp. 278 and 280) ; winged forms of PAVEMENT ANT noted in Maryland and Delaware (p. 286); and RED HARVESTER ANT activity beginning in Oklahoma (p. 287). Insect Detection A SLUG (Arion ater) reported for first time in Humboldt County, California, Gpe28%) ie Special Reports Boll Weevil Survival Surveys in Northeast Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas — Spring 1962. The number of live weevils per acre was 2,233 in northeast Louisiana, 1,132 in Mississippi and 1,361 in central Texas. (p. 281). Survey Methods for Survey Entomologists Livestock Insects — (p. 289). Stored Grain Insects — (p. 292). (Continued on page 276) —- 276 = Special Reports (Cont'd) Survey Methods for Chicken Mite, Northern Fowl Mite and Chicken Body Louse as Used in Arkansas. (p. 295). Investigations of Forage Crop Insects in Massachusetts in 1961. (p. 299). State Survey Coordinators (Revised). (p. 299). Corrections See page 288 FIC ICI ACI RAK ARR OK IR ACK K NOTE: Separates of the Survey Methods for Survey Entomologists published in this issue of the CEIR and those published in CEIR 11(18) :363-372 are available upon request. DE 2g AC 2 2g 28 6 2A 2K 2K 6 2 IC A CE 2 28 8 6 2 > a 2K 2K Reports in this issue are for week ending March 23 unless otherwise indicated, e@e000e8 080800 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 26 The weather this week was windy with frequent, widespread precipitation and rising temperatures as several storm systems moved across the Nation. Higher temperatures caused rapid thawing in northern areas east of the Rockies, and swollen streams and localized flooding were reported in Iowa. Precipitation relieved the fire hazard and soil moisture in most of Florida, but kept soils too wet for fieldwork in many other sections of the South. Average temperatures for the week were slightly below normal west of the Continental Divide and a few degrees above normal in the northwestern Great Plains, but no section was unusually cold or warm for this time of the year. The week was warmer than the previous week by 2° to 10° in most Interior sections of the Far West, 10° to 20° in the Great Plains, and 3° to 9° in the Ohio and lower Mississippi Valleys and Southeast. Precipitation further added to the moisture supply in the Far West. Weekly totals ranged from 1 to over 2 inches along the coast and in the mountains of California and in western Oregon and Washington. More than 0.50 inch fell in scattered central and northern areas between the Continental Divide and the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains. Precipitation during February and March 1962 has produced a more favorable water-supply outlook for 1962. The 3-year drought in California has ended. Even in Nevada, where water shortages in 1961 were the worst in many years, almost unprecedented snowfall during February and March of 1962 made water prospects for the coming year fair to good. Precipitation exceeded 0.50 inch from the east-central Great Plains to the Atlantic coast and also in much of the South. Weekly totals of more than 2 inches were recorded from eastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma eastward through the Ohio Valley, and some lowlands were flooded in Indiana. On Friday and Saturday, dust and snow filled the air in the southwestern Great Plains as winds up to 85 m.p.h. were reported. Snowfall during the storm totaled 1 to 2 inches in northwestern Texas and up to 6 inches in the Oklahoma Panhandle, A few tornadoes occurred in northeastern Texas on the 24th, (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). SPAT CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum)- NEW MEXICO - Infestations appear to have declined in grain fields in Curry, Roosevelt and Quay Counties. Populations most abundant on irrigated grain. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) TEXAS - Populations in panhandle area still noneconomic in most areas, with exception of one field (200 acres) just west of Amarillo. Counts in this field 300 per linear foot of row in small areas of field; damage was evident. Infestations present in most other pan- handle area fields checked; however, counts ranged 5-25 per linear foot in nearly all cases. (Thomas). Unconfirmed reports of infestations noted in scattered fields in north central, northeast and central areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Some buildup noted in southwest; possible threatening popu- lation present in a localized area near Grandfield (75-100 per linear foot), but populations generally light in southwest. Populations in south central, south- east, east central and north central areas remained at noneconomic level. Counts per linear foot in southwest were 10-50 in Washita, 10-45 in Kiowa, fewer than 10 in Greer, 10-15 in Jackson, fewer than 10 in Harmon, 15-100 in Tillman and 10-25 in Cotton Counties. Remainder of State, less than 10 per linear foot, with some up to 20 in Marshall County, south central area. Lady beetle larvae ranged 6-8 per linear foot in field with high count in Grandfield area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Only light, scattered populations observed throughout southwest, south central and southeast areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered popu- lations observed in southwest, south central and southeast areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered populations in wheat in Jackson and Johnston Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on barley statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Several fields in panhandle area showing severe damage by a combination of winter kill, dry weather and this mite. Species very common in all early fields, with farmers becoming concerned about possible damage from this pest. Evident stippling common in number of fields. Portion of damage attributed to the mite extremely difficult to esti- mate; however, species is apparently aggravating conditions caused by freeze damage and dry weather. (Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Light to medium populations observed in southwest and south central areas; counts in southwest generally 50-250 per linear foot, with populations in El Dorado area of Harmon County ranging 1,500-2,000 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed in wheat in southwest; most larvae full grown. None noted in alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Girdled corn- stalk crowns in Stillwater area showed 15 percent dead larvae, 14 percent living larvae, 17 percent pecked by birds and 54 percent with empty burrows. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - In the southwest area, 14 additional fields surveyed for winter survival of this pest. Results show that 22.1 percent of stalks in these fields had been infested with overwintering larvae. Survival to March 24, 44 percent. These results, combined with results of 11 fields previously repor- ted in CEIR 12(11):193 and CEIR 12(10) :161, show that overall average was 22.1 percent of stalks infested with overwintering larvae and 48.1 percent survival in southwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.) = 21/8) = EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - No pupation of overwintering borers has occurred as of March 21. (Burbutis). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - First moth of season in northwest collected during week ending March 24, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - FLORIDA - Lightly infested 210 acres of sweet corn at Pahokee, Palm Beach County. (W. W. Smith, March 12). CRANE FLIES (Tipula spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Two undetermined species occurred on rangeland in Tollhouse, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations continue in Yuma County alfalfa and some fields in central area have light infestations. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Activity noted in Polk County clover fields on March 13. Adult feeding notches evident on most plants. (Capizzi). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - COLORADO - No adults found in Larimer County due to cold, cloudy weather. (Jenkins) . SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Remains relatively light in alfalfa in southern counties; however, winged forms becoming more abun- dant. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Generally light on alfalfa throughout southern half of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Remains relatively light on alfalfa in southern counties; however, winged forms becoming more abundant. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa throughout State; highest counts in Johnston County area (125 per square foot). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Adults present, but light, in central and southwest area alfalfa; few nymphs appearing. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - L. lineolaris light on alfalfa in southeast (0.5-1.5 per square foot) and south central (1.0-1.5 per square foot) areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - L. elisus active on warm days at Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Unspecified species remain active in alfalfa in south- east, south central and southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa in southeast and south central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Light infestation, 1 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A BURROWING WEBWORM (Acrolophus sp.) - FLORIDA - Infested lawn sod at Homestead, Dade County. (Wolfenbarger, March 12). AN ARMORED SCALE (QOdonaspis ruthae) - FLORIDA - Infested Bermuda grass at Patrick Air Force Base, Brevard County. (Crawford, March 5). A MARGARODID SCALE (Margarodes meridionalis) - FLORIDA - Severely infested centi- pede grass at De Bary, Volusia County. (Tucker, March 12), PILLBUGS - TEXAS —- Light to moderate infestations of undetermined species observed on lawns in Guadalupe County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Massey). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue to increase on safflower in central and southwestern areas, with very heavy populations in terminal growth of older plantings. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ai Pathe) A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Infestations averaging 2-3 per terminal present on safflower in all areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) - MARYLAND - Nymphs abundant under apple bark in orchard in Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Eggs average one per bud on peach trees in Mesa County; stem mothers maturing. Eggs numerous on peach trees in Weld County. No evidence of mortality due to winter weather. (Quist, Daniels). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TEXAS - Light, local infes- tations appearing on wild and cultivated plums and peaches in areas of Hays and Gillespie Counties; 2-3 tents present on about 30 percent of trees, (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Massey, Moritz). PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) - OREGON - Borers, believed to be this species, severely damaged young filbert orchard in Jasper, Lane County; approximately 200 trees destroyed. (Beglau). WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - OREGON - Infested myroblan plum rootstock in nursery in Sherwood, Washington County. (Hammerling, March 16). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-March —- CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop- truta oleivora) infested 53 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 34 percent economic (norm 34 percent). Although overall population will remain near current average level, mites will increase on new leaves and fruit. Highest districts are west coast, Bartow, Brooksville, upper east coast and Orlando. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 35 percent of groves (norm 69 percent); 8 percent economic (norm 41 percent). Population continues at record low level for this period. Mites will increase gradually on new growth, Highest district is upper east coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetrany- chus banksi) infested 23 percent of groves (norm 20 percent); 6 percent economic (norm 7 percent). Infestations will increase to above-average num- bers and intensity. Highest districts are upper east coast, Bartow and ridge. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 41 percent of groves (norm 48 percent); 3 percent economic (norm 6 percent). Although population will increase, it will continue below average and in the low range. All districts are low. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 84 percent of groves (norm 78 percent); 15 percent economic (norm 14 percent). Population not expected to change greatly. Most groves will have light to moderate infesta- tions. Highest districts are ridge, Brooksville, Bartow, Orlando and Indian River. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 40 percent of groves (norm 14 percent). Population continues above normal, but no important increase expected soon, CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) and WHITEFLIES are above average in abundance. APHIDS are present in 14 percent of mature groves, 40 percent of young groves. Population below average, but is increasing. Most infestations are light. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) appeared as light infestations in 12 percent of groves. Population expected to increase to above-average level. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). COCCIDS - FLORIDA - Lepidosaphes beckii, Parlatoria pergandii and Unaspis citri infested citrus at De Land, Volusia County. (Roberts, March 12). Chrysomphalus aonidum lightly infested citrus at Fort Myers, Lee County. (Walsh, March 13). - 280 - TEXAS - Light, local infestations of Aonidiella aurantii very common on fall grapefruit in Starr County area of Rio Grande Valley. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Plyler). CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone - In the State of Tamaulipas, live pupae, collected from the municipios of Llera, Guemez, Hidalgo and Victoria, contained larvae of 2 PARASITIC EULOPHIDS (Prospal- tella opulenta and P. clypealis) and a PARASITIC PLATYGASTERID (Amitus hesperi- dum); however, no adult parasites were observed following freeze in January. A shipment of a PARASITIC BRACONID (Aphytis holoxanthus), after 13 days enroute, was found to be dead or moribund on arrival. A second shipment of this parasite was made on January 25 and liberation was made in La Paz, Baja California, the following day. Chemical Control Zone - First spray application given to 1,182 trees on 13 properties, second application to 1,335 trees on 22 properties and third application to 1,459 trees on 12 properties in the Municipio of Allende, Nuevo Leon, In Montemorelos, Nuevo Leon, 6,947 trees on 25 properties received first application, 2,849 trees received second application, 821 trees received third spraying and 688 trees received fourth spraying on an unreported number of properties. Following freeze, all spraying operations were suspended until January 29. (PPC, Mex. Reg.; Jan. Rpt.). During February, infestations found in several groves in the Municipio of Allende, Nuevo Leon, during an accelerated inspection program. Spraying of infested properties progressed well during the month. Inspections in the States of Baja California, Sonora and Tamaulipas were negative. (PPC, Mex. Reg.). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - MEXICO - Traps installed along Guatemala-Mexico border at Motozintla, Mazapa de Madero, Ametenango de la Frontera, Nuevo Amatenango, Junta,Tapitzala, Rio Guerrero, Nueva Morelia, Agua Zarca, Cuernavaca and El Vertice, near Montebello Lakes, in State of Chiapas. There is now a complete line of traps along the border from the Pacific Ocean to the Lacandonia Forest. (PPC, Mex. Reg.; Feb. Rpt.). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Twelve positive specimens collec- ted in Hidalgo County during February; infestations involved 7 new properties. (PPC, So. Reg.; Feb. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Trapping activities and fruit inspec- tions continued in San Diego County, with negative results. (PPC, West. Reg.; Feb. Rpt.). GRAPE SCALE (Aspidiotus uvae) - MARYLAND - Medium infestations on grape plantings at Clinton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Populations very light on 85 acres of overwintered spinach at Massey, Kent County, on March 20. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEVADA - Medium population on sugar beets in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Zoller). OKLAHOMA - Counts remained unchanged in Bixby area, Tulsa County; 2-4 per plant. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestations attacking onions in Guadalupe County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Massey). THRIPS —- MARYLAND - Light numbers noted on 85 acres of overwintered spinach at Massey, Kent County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AN ACARID MITE (Tyrophagus humerosus) — CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation on spinach plantings in Woodland, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) -— OREGON - Borers were observed feeding in new cane buds of blackberry and raspberry plantings in Linn and Marion Counties on March 20; first and second instars on this date. (Rosenstiel). - 281 - RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations attacked boysenberry vines in Bastrop County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt.). TOBACCO INSECTS TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on tobacco in plant beds in Tift and Worth Counties. (Johnson). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA —- Moderate infes- tations occurred in plant beds in Tift and Worth Counties. (Johnson) . COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEYS IN NORTHEAST LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS - SPRING 1962 Spring collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per sample) have been completed in 3 Southern States by cooperating agencies to determine the number of live boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that sur- vived the winter. Wherever possible, samples were taken from the same locations that were sampled last fall. See CEIR 11(50):1107-1108 and CEIR 12(2):19 for details concerning the fall hibernation survey in these 3 states. In the north- east LOUISIANA area, comprised of East Carroll, Madison and Tensas Parishes, collections were made from February 26 through March 8, 1962. The number of live weevils found per acre was 4,035 in East Carroll Parish, 1,211 in Madison Parish and 1,453 in Tensas Parish. The average for the three-parish area was 2,233 per acre, which was similar to the average found in 1961 (2,193). The winter survival for the three-parish area, based on the 2,233 weevils per acre in the spring of 1962, compared with the 10,330 found in the fall of 1961, was 22 percent. In Madison Parish, where similar records have been made for the past 26 years, the survival for the winter of 1961-62 was 28 percent as compared with the average of 39 percent for the past 26 years. Collections in MISSISSIPPI were started on March 5 and completed March 15, 1962. The average number of weevils found per acre in areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 1, 553, 940, 1,029 and 1,004, respec- tively. This is a State average of 1,132 compared with 1,246 in 1961, 821 in 1960, 464 in 1959 and 392 in the spring of 1958. The number found in the respec- tive areas in the fall of 1961 was 5,753, 11,114, 9,524 and 7,222, The percent survivals for areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 27.02, 8.68, 10.67 and 13.90. The State average percent survival was 13.59 compared with 8.59 in 1961, 16.23 in 1960, 12.22 in 1959 and 6.65 in 1958. The four areas in Mississippi are divided as follows: Area 1 — lower delta (Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo, Humphries Counties) ; area 2 - central delta (Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower, Leflore Counties) ; area 3 — north delta (Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman, Panola Counties); area 4 — hill section (Holmes, Madison, Noxubee, Monroe Counties). Spring collections started on March 5 and were completed by March 9 in the TEXAS counties of Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan. The average number of weevils per acre in these 4 coun- ties was 1,210, 1,747, 672 and 1,725,respectively, with an area average of 1,361. This compares with 2,957, 4,032, 2,957 and 6,095 found in the respective counties in the fall of 1961, with an average of 4,114 per acre for the area. The sur- vival percentage was 33.1. This compares with survivals of 31.14 and 33.7 percent in March of 1960 and 1961, respectively. Fewer weevils were found in the fall inspections in 1960 and 1961 than in 1959. There was very little difference in the indicated survival percentages in the spring of 1960, 1961 and 1962. (ENT, PPC). A PYRRHOCORID BUG (Dysdercus obliquus) - TEXAS - Light, local infestations appearing on young cotton in Cameron County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Day). - 282 - PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Four larvae collected from 180 bolls and 15 blooms of wild cotton inspected on Lower Matecumbe Key, Monroe County, on March 6, and 1 larva collected from 239 bolls and 35 blooms inspected on March 9 at same location. Det. by W. Breidenbach. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Population explosion occurred during the month; over 200 new spots each with 5 or more infested trees located from aerial observations between Liberty, Liberty County, and Big Sandy, Upshur County. Aerial and ground observations show many additional infested trees either singly or in groups of fewer than 5 trees, Many spots infested where needles were still green, which could not be detected from above. Some new spots as far as 15 miles from previously reported spots. Right-of-way pruning and lightning-struck pines apparently attracted beetles from great distances. ‘Spot of 40 trees reported as first infestation in San Jacinto County. Control operations hampered by wet ground; situation con- sidered grave. (Tex. For. Pest Comm., Feb. Rpt.). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) —- TEXAS - Reported active in Sabine and San Jacinto Counties. (Tex. For. Pest Comm., Feb. Rpt.). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Survey began March 21 in Metropolitan area of Portland, Multnomah County, with 10 three-man crews. Intensive search to continue at least until May 31 and will include check of every host tree from Beaverton, Washington County, east to Troutdale, Multnomah County, and south to Oswego, Clackamas County. All nurseries in State handling host stock also being checked. No Known infestations occur in the State. (Larson) . NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) — ARKANSAS - Emergence increased and reached a peak week ending March 24. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). A SOFT SCALE (Toumeyella sp.) - ARKANSAS - Spot infestations, with females nearly reaching maturity, occur on pine seedlings in southwestern area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - Selective scouting started in Clinton County in January, with 6 small infestations found; 5 in Champlain Town- ship and 1 in Clinton Township. Four additional sites in Champlain Township and 2 in Mooers Township in Clinton County resulted from a rapid spot survey in February. Intensive scouting of trap test plot in Riverhead area, Suffolk County, was half completed in January. Three spots of infestation found in that area, 2 consisting of 4 egg clusters each and one with a single cluster, Scouting in that area discontinued during February due to snow. Test plot at that time about four-fifths scouted; additional egg masses found at 5 locations; 2 of 5 egg masses each and 3 single egg masses. Survey in Nassau County during February revealed 2 new infestations in northern part of Oyster Bay Township. Survey of common carrier sites in Warren County the same month resulted in locating general infestations around 4 motels in Glens Falls area from which there is a hazard of spread. NEW JERSEY - Large scale scouting operations begun on January 2. Approximately 2,500 acres scouted. Total of 7 egg clusters found in following locations: Stockholm, Sussex County - 4; Wanaque, Passaic County - 1; Smoke Rise, Morris County - 1; and Culvers Gap-Stokes area, Sussex County - l. All egg masses viable. During February, an additional egg cluster found in Stockholm, Sussex County, and at Cedar Pond, Passaic County; both viable. PENNSYLVANIA - Scouting continued in Pike, and was completed in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties in January. Invitations to bid on contract for aerial treat- ment of 40,200 acres in the latter two counties issued in February. (PPC, East. Reg.). MICHIGAN - During the period June 26 to September 1, 1961, all previously - 283 - known infestation sites in Calhoun, Clinton, Eaton, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson and Shiawassee Counties surveyed. Area included 1,007,360 acres in 1,574 square miles and required 7,476 traps, which included 6 traps in Ottawa County. As a result of survey, 2 moths found in 2 traps in Onondaga Township, Ingham County. (PPC, Cent. Reg.; Jan. Rpt.). BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Winter webs found early in February in South Weare, Hillsboro County; preliminary estimates indicate 3,000 to 5,000 webs at this site. MASSACHUSETTS - Approximately 1,000 acres scouted at Ashby, Middlesex County, Gloucester—Rockport, Essex County,and Provincetown, Barnstable County; all areas negative. (PPC,East. Reg.; Feb. pity). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) —- ARKANSAS - Nests forming in southwestern area, with first to third instars present. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - TEXAS - Beginning to appear in heavy, widespread populations on oak in central areas of State in Hays and Comal Counties. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Massey). LOCUST TWIG BORER (Ecdytolopha insiticiana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Black locust in Bethlehem area, Lehigh County, rather severely galled. (Cole). A BORER —- OKLAHOMA - Unidentified species averaged 3 per 12-foot elm tree in Carter County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LYONETIID (Paraleucoptera heinrichi) - CALIFORNIA - Light larval infestation on some hollyleaf cherry trees in Alameda, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - TEXAS - Number of specimens collec- ted from elms in Mitchell County identified as this species; extent of damage not known. (Logsdon) . A SCALE INSECT —- ARKANSAS - Undetermined species, but believed to be Asterole- canium variolosum,caused concern to homeowners in Mississippi County; infesta-— tions became heavy on some shade trees. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MITES — NEW MEXICO - Increasing on evergreens in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Eggs of undetermined species of spider mites common on white oak and red maple at University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 5 ; A SCARAB (Pachystethus marginata) - FLORIDA - Infested coconut at Fort Myers, Lee County. (Walsh, March 13). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Acamina nolinea) - FLORIDA - Heavily infested Cuban royalpalm at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County. (McLean, March 16). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA -— Lightly infested chrysanthemums at Alva, Lee County. (Walsh, March 5). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - FLORIDA — Infested Aralia sp. at Clewiston, Hendry County. Gi W. Smith, March 9). AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Crocidosema plebeiana) - FLORIDA - Lightly infested hibiscus at De Land, Volusia County. (Roberts, March 12). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Infested rhododendron in nursery in Portland, Multnomah County, on March 12. Nearly mature larvae present on 15 percent of several hundred plants checked. (Nicolaison). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - FLORIDA - Infested carnation buds at Bradenton, Manatee County. Kelsheimer, March 13). - 284 - SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA — Medium infestations on ornamental Photinia sp. in Porterville, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus degeneratus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on scattered camellia plants in Modesto, Stanislaus County, and Sacramento, Sacra- mento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - OKLAHOMA - Caused considerable damage to euonymus plants throughout the State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - DELAWARE - Infested Chinese holly in greenhouse in New Castle County. (Burbutis). CITRUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus citri) - FLORIDA — Severely infested narcissus bulbs at Pinellas Park, Pinellas County. (Bingaman, March 13). Coccids in Florida - Aonidiella taxus infested Podocarpus sp. at Ridge Manor, Hernando County, on March 14; Asterolecanium bambusae and A. miliaris miliaris moderately infested bamboo at Lakeland, Polk County, on March 13; Chrysomphalus aonidum moderately infested Ilex cornuta at Miami on March 1 and infested Cycas revoluta at Hialeah, Dade County, on March 13; Chrysomphalus perseae moderately infested eastern redcedar and Juniperus sp. at Lakeland on March 13; Coccus hesperidum was collected on Pogamia sp. and Sterculia alata at Naples, Collier County, on March 7; Fiorinia theae lightly infested Camellia sp. at Bradenton, Manatee County, on March 9, and at Grant, Brevard County, on March 8; Gymnaspis aechmeae severely infested Bilbergia spp. at Lakeland on March 13; Lepidosaphes camelliae infestations were light to moderate on Camellia spp. at Apopka, Orange County, on March 12, at Grant, Brevard County, on March 8, and at Bradenton, Manatee County, on March 9. Neopinnaspis harperi infested willow at Hawthorne, Alachua County, on March 9; Odonaspis penicillata moderately infested bamboo at Lakeland on March 13; Phenacaspis cockerelli moderately infested Magnolia sp. and Strelitzia sp. at Melbourne, Brevard County, on March 6, and lightly infested Magnolia sp. at Fort Myers, Lee County, on March 15; Protopulvinaria pyriformis lightly infested clovetree and yaupon at Fort Myers on March 13-14, and Hedera sp. at Daytona Beach, Volusia County, on March 14; Pseudaulacaspis major moder— ately infested Koelreuteria sp. at Bradenton on March 9; P. pentagona severely infested Allamanda sp. at Lake Monroe, Seminole County, on March 16, (Fla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA —- Several species are becoming common on ornamentals through-— out the State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA - Myzus persicae appeared numerous on chrysanthemums in 2 greenhouses, Mifflin County. (Adams). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - TEXAS - Release of sterile flies in southern area began on February 4; 10 million a week are scheduled for airdrop in that area. This is part of a cooperative Federal-State-rancher effort to eradicate screw-worm from a large area of the southwestern United States. Temporary sterile-fly production facilities at Kerrville produced the flies released, but larger facilities near Mission are under construction and are expected to be in production by June 30, 1962. The map on the following page gives the status of the program in southern Texas as of March 22. During the week ending March 22, 13,570,000 sterile flies were released over an area of 61,187 square miles, with the release rate being 200-250 flies per square mile, Also during the week, a total of 23 infestations was reported. They were as follows: 8 in Zapata County, 1 each in Cameron, Duval, Webb and Brazoria Counties, 2 each in Maverick and Hidalgo Counties, 3 in Brooks County and 4 in Starr County. The case in Brazoria County is northeast of the flydrop area and is receiving a special release of sterile flies. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.). PASI) a a Be 77 [aml Toa Zz GAINES DAWS, [BORD |SCUR [PASMER li Le =e=ae Sterile screw-worm drop area ZH Screw-worms reported during week of 3/16-3/22 Hs: Screw-worms previously reported COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - GEORGIA - Emergence nearly complete in Pike and Macon Counties. (Roberts, March 12). OKLAHOMA - Adult activity has been noted across southern portion of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Activity occurred with warm weather. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - COLORADO - Overwintered adults of Culiseta inornata emerged in Boulder County. (Harmston). DELAWARE - Third and fourth instars of Aedes canadensis in woodland pools in New Castle County. (Lake). BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - UTAH - More infestation problems have been called to attention of agricultural agents in Weber County during the past 2 months than ever before for a similar period. (Burningham, Knowlton). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Many ranchers in various areas plan to spray or dip cattle for these pests this spring; 4,500 beef cattle scheduled for dip treatment in Emery County. (Knowlton, Olson). CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) - OKLAHOMA —- Considerable activity con- tinues in areas of Rogers, Cherokee, Mayes and Choctaw Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) - GEORGIA -— Light to medium infes- tations on 10 cattle in Pike County. (Roberts, March 20). OKLAHOMA - Consider- able activity continues in areas of Rogers, Cherokee, Mayes and Choctaw Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 2 SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes ovis) -— NEW MEXICO - Infestations recently found in Guadalupe County. This makes eighth county where infested animals have been found in State. All infested herds being treated. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - CALIFORNIA —- Heavy populations occurred on and in the ground area around chicken houses in Gilroy, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A HARD-BACKED TICK (Dermacentor sp.) - COLORADO - Appeared active in foothills of Larimer County. (Ashton). = 286 — HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS COCKROACHES - UTAH - More infestation problems noted by county agents in Weber County during past 2 months than ever before for a similar period. (Burningham, Knowlton). Blatta orientalis infested several apartments in building at Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) -— UTAH - Active outside buildings and troublesome in some homes in northern areas. (Knowlton). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Currently invading homes, school buildings and offices at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). MARYLAND —- Became annoying in Saint Denis, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA — Became annoying in home in Harrisburg, Dauphin County. (Negley, March 16). PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - MARYLAND - Winged forms appeared in home at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE — First flight of season noted in New Castle County. (Kelsey). HAIRY SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus villiger) - OKLAHOMA —- Caused concern to homeowners in areas of Enid, Garfield County, Perry, Noble County, and Tulsa, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA - Entered numerous homes in Las Vegas area, Clark County. (Nichols, Pennington). UTAH - Entered home at Murray and a few homes in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Active around homes in Larimer County. (Ashton). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - CALIFORNIA - Infested porch on home in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DERMESTID BEETLES —- UTAH - Larvae of 2 species numerous in a baby crib at Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton, Burningham) . RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) - TEXAS — Light, local infestations attacked dried household foods in Harris County. (Goldsmith) . CARPET BEETLES - UTAH - Damaged carpet in home at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - PENNSYLVANIA - Several reports of swarming starting February 20 were noted at Philadelphia, Philadelphia County; swarmed in home in Lemoyne, Cumberland County, on March 20. (Cole, Negley). A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes sp.) - MARYLAND — Reproductives swarmed in central and southern sections of the State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). POWDER-POST BEETLES (Lyctus spp.) - TEXAS - Numerous adults collected coming out of hardwood floor of 3=year-old home in Houston, Harris County. (Goldsmith). A GROUND BEETLE (Bembidion sp.) - PENNSYLVANIA -— Specimens collected from homes in Hershey, Dauphin County. (Balsbaugh, March 15). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - TEXAS - Annual survey underway in State, with special emphasis given to El Paso section, El Paso County. (PPC, So. Reg.; Feb. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Only known infestation in State successfully fumigated at Angiola, Fresno County, on March 18. Intensive statewide inspections have failed to reveal any new infestations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 287 - BENEFICIAL INSECTS LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed in south-— western and southeastern areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Limited numbers observed on wheat in the southwest and southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LADY BEETLES - UTAH - Occasional specimen active at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA — Several species light to heavy on wheat and alfalfa in southern third of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Collected at Wesley Chapel, Pasco County. (Sellers, March 13). GEORGIA - Initial find made in Crawford County. Surveys in Bryan, Effingham and Chatham Counties revealed reinfestation in many areas treated in 1960. Complete retreatment may be required. This pest undermined bituminous pavement on parts of High- way 19 in Thomas County and infestations on shoulders and right-of-way make maintenance impossible. SOUTH CAROLINA - Treatment completed in all infested areas of Horry County. LOUISIANA - Because of infestation discovered near Arkansas State line, treatments planned for all highways, powerlines and pipelines entering Arkansas from areas south of Strong, Union County, Arkansas. TEXAS - Second application made at San Jacinto Ordnance Depot at Houston, Harris County, and last known infestation in Fort Bend County completely treated. (PPC, So. Reg.; Feb. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA — Checks in Haskell, Latimer and Le Flore Counties negative. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). RED HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) -— OKLAHOMA — Activity beginning in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A COCKROACH (Hemiblabera tenebricosa) -— FLORIDA - Collected at Sands Key, Dade County, on March 12, (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha interrupta) - FLORIDA - Collected in McPhail trap at Miami, Dade County. (Stephens, March 15). A SCARAB (Diplotaxis rufa) - FLORIDA - Collected in Steiner trap in kumquat tree at Oviedo, Seminole County; this is a species found only in central Florida,and is attracted to lights. (Desin, March 13). A SCARAB (Cyclocephala sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium, larval infestation occurred in soil in Isleton, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SPRINGTAIL (Achorutes nivicola) - PENNSYLVANIA - Promoted numerous requests for information during the past 2 weeks from eastern half of State. (Gesell). SLUGS — CALIFORNIA - Light infestation of Arion ater found on nursery property in Eureka, Humboldt County; a new county record. A. circumscriptus occurred as a light infestation in Crescent City, Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 288 - CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(11):198 - HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES, second paragraph, line 8. Change A. basalis to read T. basalis. CEIR 12(12) :242 - A LATHRIDIID BEETLE (Microgramme argua) - change to read (Microgramme arga). CEIR 12(12) :269 —- A LEAFCUTTING ANT (Megachile rotundata) - change to read A LEAFCUTTING BEE. CEIR 10 INDEX:19 - Aphytis proclia (an eulophid parasite) - change to read (a parasitic braconid). CEIR 10 INDEX:27 -— Hadrobregmus gibbicollis (a false powder-post beetle) - change to read (an anobiid beetle) CEIR 10 INDEX:40 - Trachypholeus — change to read Trachyphloeus. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Agrot. Feltia Helio, Perid. Prod. Pseud. ips. subterr. zea saucia ornith, unip. FLORIDA Gainesville 3/8 al Quincy 3/14, 19 1 1 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 3/12-18 al 9 5 Charleston 3/19-25 5 22 1 1 24 Clemson 3/16-23 1 2 Survey Methods =- 289 - SURVEY METHODS FOR SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS Livestock and Stored Grain Insects This is a continuation of the work begun by the North Central States Branch, Entomological Society of America, Committee on Insect Surveys and Losses. The first article was published in CEIR 11(18) :363-372. The members of this committee are Clarence E. White (Chairman), O. H. Hammer and Leroy Peters. This committee gratefully acknowledges the help of many entomologists in the North Central States who reviewed and made suggestions on this article. LIVESTOCK INSECTS The methods for selecting the herds to be surveyed were discussed in the article cited above. (p. 364). Identification of insects and forms for recording data were also discussed in the above-cited article, pages 364 and 366, respectively. Surveying the Herd After it is Located: When surveying for livestock insects, it is necessary to make arrangements with the owner or caretaker previous to the time of survey. In this way the herd can be confined and ready for inspec- tion when you arrive at the premises. Always contact the owner or caretaker before starting the survey on his animals. The one exception to these state- ments is a fly survey which can be made on herds in pasture fields near road- ways. By using a good pair of 7 or 8 x 50 binoculars, flies can be observed without entering the pasture and it is not necessary to contact the owner. In small herds, make counts on 5 or 10 animals. In herds of 100 or more animals, make counts on 10 percent of the animals. In addition to numerical reports, always indicate whether you consider the infestation to be light, medium or heavy. ‘The special Cooperative Economic Insect Report on "Survey Methods 1958" (p. 73) may be helpful in determining this classification for individual herds, etc. Sampling Methods for Flies on Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, etc.: Since it is impossible to observe the taxonomic characteristics of flies on animals we must learn to identify the flies by their habits, location on the animal, size of the fly and other observable characteristics. It is also a good idea to collect flies from various locations on animals when the opportunity presents itself, and also to collect from fences, trees and other resting places near the cattle to get positive taxonomic identification of the species present. This not only helps to confirm your counts but also helps in detecting new species which may occur. Bulls are usually more heavily infested with flies than are other animals in the herd; therefore, since only one is usually present in a herd, he should not figure in the herd average. The same is true where one or two dark-colored animals appear in a herd of lighter-colored animals. Approach the herd slowly and go no closer than necessary to observe the flies through a pair of 7 or 8 power binoculars. The quieter you can keep the herd, the easier and more accurate will be the fly counts, Count or make as accurate an estimate as possible of all the flies on ome side of an animal; then double this number to obtain the total number of flies on the animals. Keep the differ- ent species of flies separate in making the counts. Report the lowest, highest and average number of flies per animal in the herd or, if more than one herd is checked in the district, report the lowest, highest and average number of flies per animal in the district. When counting face fly (Musca autumnalis), count only those on the head of the animal and, to avoid confusion, report as number per face. If face fly is also abundant on the neck, withers, back and forelegs, make a note of this fact but do not try to count all the flies. In fringe areas - 290 - Survey Methods where face fly populations are still very low, this method may not be very accurate due to the presence of house fly (M. domestica). In this case, it will be necessary to collect flies from the face of animals where possible and adjust the counts according to the percent of face fly adults appearing in the collections. When counting- stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), it will be necessary to get fairly close to the animals to make a careful observation of the legs close to the ground. By counting flies on the outside of the two legs toward you and on the inside of the legs on the opposite side, then doubling the number, you can get a fairly accurate estimate of the number of flies per animal. When flies of any species are abundant and the animals are fighting them, it is impossible to make an actual count of all the flies. Learn to count flies in groups of 5 or 10 or to make quick estimates of numbers. These methods are useful in surveying for adults of face fly, stable fly, horse and deer flies, horn fly (Haematobia irritans), black flies and blow flies. In the case of black flies, pay particular attention to the eyes, ears and muzzles and, if a number of black flies are flying about these parts, include them in the count along with those black flies actually on the animals. The method is also useful for adults of the northern cattle grub (Hypoderma bovis) , common cattle grub (H. lineatum) and bot flies; but, in this case, it will be necessary to count the number of flies about the animal rather than those actually on the animal. If the survey is made on several herds in a district, report the lowest, highest and average number per animal for the district, i.e. face fly (Musca autumnalis) ranged 0-100 (average 35) per animal in the northwest district. Another adult fly for which you may wish to survey is the sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus). In this case, it will be necessary to part the wool at several places on the lower neck, shoulders and sides of the body, and count the number of adults and/or puparia on the skin or in the wool. Determine the average number of keds per inch of part for the animal. An inch of part is one linear inch of the animal's skin at the base of the part and includes the wool along both sides of this inch from the base to the tip of the wool. Report the lowest and the highest average per animal and the average number for the herd or district surveyed, Thus, if you surveyed 10 herds in a district, the report would read as follows: Adults ranged 0-3 (average 2) and puparia ranged 0-2 (average 1) per inch of part on sheep in the district. Or, if you prefer to count the total number of forms instead of keeping adults and puparia separate, the report may read: Keds ranged 0-5 (average 3) per inch of part. Blow fly larvae, sometimes called sheep maggots or wool maggots, can be counted in the same way as described above for sheep keds. However, in this case, it will be necessary to pay particular attention to the dirty, soiled wool around the rump or on the flanks. Report the number of larvae per inch of part. If the larvae have entered the skin, consider an entrance as a larva. A survey for screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) and secondary screw-worm (C. macellaria) larvae can be made by examining animals for infested wounds. Report the number of infestations of each species found. Cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.), both common cattle grub and northern cattle grub, can be counted by rubbing the hands over the back of the animal from the withers to the hip bones and counting all the lumps caused by the larvae under the skin. Report the lowest, highest and average number found per animal in the herd or district if more than one herd is surveyed in a district. Sampling Method for Lice on Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Cats, Dogs, Chickens etc.: In surveying for lice, it will be necessary to have the animals confined so they can be examined very closely. A headlight which can be focused on the area being examined, and which will leave both hands free, is very useful, Survey Methods - 291 - especially when examining animals in poorly lighted buildings. Although there are many species of lice infesting domestic animals, the lice are almost always hidden in the hair, feathers, etc.; therefore, the method of finding them is the same in all cases. This method consists of parting the hair or feathers in several places where the lice are most likely to be found and counting the number of lice per inch of part. An inch of part is one linear inch on the skin of the animal at the base of the part and the hair or feathers growing along both sides of this inch clear to the tips. The most likely places to find lice on cattle, horses, sheep, goats, etc. is about the neck, head, withers and about the base of the tail. In examining poultry, check the head, neck, back, under wings and about the vent. Record the average number of lice per inch of part for each animal examined, Report the lowest and highest average number per inch of part per animal and the herd, flock, or district average, depending upon whether one herd or flock was examined or if several herds or flocks were examined in a dis- trict of the state. This method is satisfactory for surveying for nearly all biting or sucking lice found on domestic animals. However, in surveying for Linognathus pedalis, a sucking louse found near the feet and on the shanks of sheep, it will be necessary to examine these parts only. Hog louse (Haematopinus suis), which is rather large and can usually be seen crawling over the head and back of the animal without parting the hair, can be counted on these parts and reported as the total number per hog. In cold weather, this species may be clustered on the inner surface of the ears and in folds of skin about the neck; therefore, it would be necessary to check these parts to determine number per hog. Lice may occasionally cause a crusting or scabbing appearance on the skin of animals similar to that caused by mites. In this case, be very careful not to misidentify the two pests. Sampling Methods for Mites on Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Hogs, Dogs, Cats and Poultry: In surveying for mites of the genera Sarcoptes, Psoroptes and Demodex (mange mites, scab mites and follicle mites, respectively), do not look for the mite, but for small, dry, yellowish scabs, moist scabs or small, hard, pimple-like lumps, ranging in size from a pinhead to a small marble. Examine the head, neck, withers, base of tail and inner side of legs. If scabs or pimple-like lumps are found, the animal is apparently infested. Report the percent of animals appar- ently infested or, to be certain of the infestation, scrape hard over these areas with a dull knife or the edge of a salve tin and examine the scrapings carefully under a microscope. In light infestations it may be necessary to clear the scrapings in order to find the mites. Lice will occasionally cause symptoms similar in appearance to those caused by mites. Therefore, in the absence of scrapings or with negative scrapings, examine carefully to be certain the condition is not caused by lice. After scraping the animal, which will of necessity draw blood, the wound should be treated to prevent infection, For northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) and chiggers on poultry, look for clusters of mites about vent, tail, under wings and on the neck. Report the percent of birds or flocks infested and, if possible, indicate whether it is a light, medium or heavy infestation. For scaly leg mite, look for roughened, scaly feet and legs on poultry. Examine under the scales for the presence of mites. Report the percent of birds or flocks infested. For chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) , examine cracks and crevices in and about the roosts for the presence of mites. Report the percent of flocks infested. Sampling Methods for Fleas on Dogs, Cats, Chickens, etc.: Part the hair or feathers and count the number of fleas per inch of part, and report as previously described for lice. Part the hair about the head, neck, shoulders and base of tail, or the feathers about the head, neck, under the wings and tail; and also examine the comb and wattels and around the eyes of chickens for small clusters of fleas. - 292 - Survey Methods Sampling Methods for Ticks on Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Dogs, Cats and Poultry: In general, ticks are fairly large and easily observed on the animals. On small animals, such as dogs and cats, the entire animal can be examined and the ticks counted. This is also possible when light infestations on the larger animals are present. However, when ticks are abundant and run as high as 100 or more per animal with many nymphs present, this method becomes too time con- suming for general survey work. Therefore, where ticks are abundant, count the number found in a 6-inch square area on dewlap, side of neck, withers, flank and escutcheon. Average the counts and record as average number per 6-inch Square on the animal. Report the lowest average and highest average for indi- vidual animals and the herd average or district average, depending upon whether one or more herds were examined in a district. This method is satisfactory for lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and for ticks of the following genera: Dermacentor, Ixodes and Rhipicephalus. For the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) and ear tick (Otobius megnini), it will be necessary to count only the ticks in or about the ear for the former, and in the ear only for the latter. Record and report the lowest, highest and aver- age number of ticks per ear for the herd or district if more than one herd is involved. In making a survey for the fowl tick (Argas persicus), examine cracks, crevices and other hiding places on and about the roosting area and report the percent of flocks infested in the district. STORED GRAIN INSECTS a Cautions 1. Always contact owner and/or manager to obtain permission and fumigation history before entering storage areas. 2. Never enter areas under fumigation. Be very cautious about entering grain storage areas that have been fumigated and supposedly "aired" out. If there is a question of safety, do not use this site, but go to another one (areas treated recently should not have many insects). If you must enter such an area, have doors open and exhaust fans turned on and have someone standing by to pull you out if necessary. 3. Never get on surface of grain if grain is being removed from the storage area. Selecting the Site The method of selecting the storage site was given in CEIR 11(18) :364-372, A minimum of 3 stops per county, for the same type of storage, should be made if the survey area is small and you have to survey on a county basis, Fewer stops per county can be made when surveying on a district basis. Survey on a district basis is preferred. Forms for Recording Data Forms can be as simple or as complex as the individual desires. The basic data needed is; County, date, surveyor(s), type of storage, brief fumigation and control history, moisture content of grain (moist or dry), temperature of grain and species and numbers of insects found. 1/ Acknowledgment is due the United States Department of Agriculture, Stored Grain Insects Laboratory, Manhattan, Kansas, for their valuable assistance. Survey Methods - 293 = Equipment A few pieces of special equipment are needed for stored grain insect surveys. 1 - 63-inch long, 1-3/8-inch diameter space partition grain trier. - 6-foot section of eavestrough with one end closed. - #10 aluminum insect screen and pan. - 3-gallon metal bucket. 1-pint measure, - pelican grain sample (for elevator storage). - ear corn probe. - thermometer (range approximately -30 to 120°F). ee 1 Types of Storage In general, there are three different types of grain storage facilities: (1) farm type storage which can be either wooden or metal bins, usually with less than 3,200 bushels capacity; (2) flat storage, which is usually metal buildings or steel tanks with a capacity of more than 5,000 bushels; and (3) elevator type storage, which is usually upright concrete, silo-like buildings with a capacity of several thousand bushels per unit. Each type of storage requires different techniques in survey so each will be taken up separately. Commodity Credit Corporation stored grain should not be surveyed on a general survey. This grain is usually well treated to prevent insect damage and would not give a true pic- ture of the insect population. Farm Type Storage Since the grain in this type of storage is usually admitted during harvest and removed before the next harvest, it generally has only one season of insect infestation. The maximum number of insects is usually found in late September or October; therefore, this is the best time to survey this type of storage. The survey procedure is: When the bin is first entered, take a surface sample by inserting the closed probe one inch deep, parallel to the surface of the grain with the openings up. After the probe is inserted open it, allow to fill with grain, close probe, withdraw and empty into eavestrough. Empty the eaves-— trough into the bucket. Probe the full length of the 5-foot partition grain trier straight down into the grain mass at 5 points: The north, east, south, west and central points in the bin. Keep one foot away from the wall. If bin is too full to allow the trier to be pushed straight down, push it at an angle so that the point will be one foot from the wall. Empty the trier into the eavestrough and empty the material in the eavestrough into the bucket after each sampling. Mix the samples in the bucket, remove one pint of material from the top, pour out the remaining material from the bucket, retaining the last one-pint sample for examination, Put the two pint samples in the number 10 screen and sieve the debris into the pan. Examine the material remaining on the screen for Indian-meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), dermestids, cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus) , mealworms, flour moths, Angoumois grain moth (Sito- troga cerealella), larger black flour beetles and other insects too large to go through the screen, Observe the debris in the pan for the smaller insects such as the saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) , flat grain beetle (Cryptolestes pusillus), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius), rice weevil (Ss. oryzae) , flour beetles (Tribolium spp.) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzoper- tha dominica). Because of the time involved, only the top 5 feet of grain is sampled on a general survey. If time is not limited, the entire depth of grain should be sampled, by the addition of extensions to the trier. Report the num- ber of insects per 2-pint sample. = 294 - Survey Methods Flat Storage The procedure for flat storage sampling is different from farm bin sampling because the grain mass is larger and covers more surface area. Two surface samples are taken, one in each half of the storage area, midway between the end and center of building. Insert the closed probe parallel to surface of the grain, one inch deep with the openings in the trier up, so that the grain falls into the trier when it is opened. The grain trier is probed as in farm storage, but the samples are taken midway between the center line and each wall at 15-foot intervals from one end of the building to the other. Mix all samples in the bucket and examine the first and last pint of debris for the presence of insects. Report the number of insects per 2-pint sample. Elevator Storage Go to the top of the bin and take two 5-foot samples with the grain trier. Do not enter bin. Surface samples are not taken in elevator storage. If bin selected cannot be sampled without entering, go to next bin. Screen total sample and examine for insects. Ask manager to draw off grain for 3 minutes and take 5 samples during this period by cutting across grain flow with the bucket (use a pelican grain sampler if available). Examine first and last pint samples as before, after thoroughly mixing the samples. Report the number of insects per 2-pint sample. Ear Corn in Cribs Insert the tip of the ear corn probe between the boards of the crib and as far into the crib as the depth of the probe. Do this at 4 equally separated points in the case of round or square cribs and every 15 feet in the case of rectangu- lar cribs. Determine the percent of insect-damaged kernels. General In many instances, moths may be resting on ceilings, exposed bulkheads and on the grain surface. Record the number per square yard, Examine piles of dust and debris for insects by screening the material. Check areas where moisture is high and there are deposits of moldy, spoiled grain for meal moth (Pyralis farinalis) and psocids. Survey Methods - 295 - SURVEY METHODS FOR CHICKEN MITE, NORTHERN FOWL MITE AND CHICKEN BODY LOUSE AS USED IN ARKANSAS CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) Select rather stiff 84 x 11 inch paper that is not slick. Hold sheet of paper under the perch and hit perch with a hammer. Paper catches mites, dust, etc. Hold the paper still for a brief period so that mites will settle down and cling to the paper (if not too slick). Turn the paper over so that dust will fall from the paper. Turn paper back over and count the mites. It has been found that lined paper (approximately 3 x 3 inch squares) is helpful in counting mites, especially when working area is poorly lighted. Repeat procedure in four to six locations. Take an average for the number of mites and rate as follows: Light, 1-2; medium, 3-10; heavy, 10 plus. (J. L. Lancaster, Jr.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) Examine birds and rate the infestation based on the number of mites and feather discoloration found in the vent area. Ratings are as follows: Category O - none seen; category 1 - 1 to 10 (very light); category 2 - 10 to 20 (light); category 3 - 20 to many (moderate); category 4 - numerous mites present and blackened feathers (heavy). (J. L. Lancaster, Jr. and Joe Simco). CHICKEN BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) Feathers are parted at three locations between the vent and breast of the bird. The total number of lice observed at the three locations, divided by three, equals the average number per location. Infestation ratings for average numbers of lice are as follows: Light - less than 5; medium —- 5-10; heavy - 10 plus. (J. L. Lancaster, Jr. and Joe Simco). = 2.96% = Investigations of Forage Crop Insects in Massachusetts in 1961 By F. R. Shaw and W. J. Fischang Introduction During 1961, population studies were continued on forage crop pests throughout the State. Particular emphasis was given to APHIDS, LEAFHOPPERS (especially POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae)), PLANT BUGS (particularly TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris)), ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) and MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius). A study of the bionomics of the alfalfa weevil was initiated. Population Studies Spring and fall collections were made in each of the Massachusetts counties except Dukes and Nantucket. In the Amherst area, fields varying in composition were sampled weekly to determine population differences in relation to season and forage crops present. Collections consisted of 100-sweep samples,using a 15-inch sweeping net. The relative abundance of the more important species is presented in Table I. Alfalfa weevil was found to occur consistently throughout the State. This insect increased 5-fold over the number collected in 1960, whereas the total number of insects represented a 50 percent increase above those caught in 1960. The largest single collection included 145 larvae and 16 adults from a field sampled on June 28 in Ashley Falls. Maximum populations occurred in southern Berkshire and Bristol Counties, resulting in applications of insecti- cides for their control. Sufficient damage occurred to cause many dairy farmers to apply fall insecticide treatments to control the weevil in 1962. Potato leafhopper was particularly abundant in 1961. This resulted in the development of severe alfalfa yellows on second-cutting alfalfa which was allowed to mature. The highest field population (1,100 per 100 sweeps) occurred in Monson on August 17. Collections of 300-500 per 100 sweeps were common during August and early September. In some experimental plots, popula- tions of as high as 4,200 per 100 sweeps were present. Adults were taken from May 22 until December 3. Leafhoppers, as a group, represented 12.1 percent of the total in 1961 compared with 7.5 percent in 1960. Plant bugs represented 12.9 percent of all insects in 1960, but fell to 6.2 percent in 1961. Tarnished plant bug, representing 40.4 percent of all plant bugs, was again first in abundance; GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) was second; and ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) was third. Meadow spittlebug increased from 0.8 percent in 1960 to 2.0 percent in 1961. Late season collections included as many as 312 per 100 sweeps in Walpole, with samples of 100-200 being common throughout the State. Such levels may require insecticidal treatment. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) occurred in very large numbers, particularly in September, Collections of 2,000-6,000 per 100 sweeps were common, This insect represented 68.9 percent of all forage crop insects in 1960 and 58.8 percent in 1961, A study of predators present shows that in 1960 these insects constituted 2.6 percent of the total, whereas in 1961 they made up 2.1 percent. One obvious AO a= difference was the increase in abundance of a FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) from 6.4 percent in 1960 to 41.3 percent in 1961. A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis ferus), which was first in abundance in 1960, became third in abundance in 1961. LADY BEETLES were second in abundance in both years, In the Amherst area, 5 fields varying in composition were sampled weekly during the season to determine season fluctuations in populations and the relationship of stand composition to insect abundance. As in previous years, aphids reached a peak from late May to mid-June, with a smaller peak in early September. No conspicuous seasonal variations among plant bugs were noted. It is of interest that no explosive increase in garden fleahopper populations occurred, as has happened in the past. During April and May, the only leafhopper present in considerable abundance was Helochara communis. In June, SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) became the dominant species, with populations reaching 255 per 100 sweeps. During July and early August, all leafhoppers decreased in abundance, with potato leafhopper and Endria inimica being most abundant during late August and early September, In the Amherst area, small larval populations of alfalfa weevil occurred from June through late fall, with the largest numbers being found from mid-June to mid-July. A field of timothy was found to have lower populations of insects than were found in a field of red clover and in three fields having different amounts of alfalfa. Late-season aphid populations failed to develop in fields of red clover and of timothy. Table I - Census of Forage Crop Insects in Massachusetts 1961 Percent of Percent of Insect Name or Group Group Total Aphids (mainly Macrosiphum pisi) 58.8 Leafhoppers 12.1 Empoasca fabae 39.8 Macrosteles fascifrons 15.5 Aceratagallia sanguinolenta ala) Graminella nigrifrons 9 Miscellaneous leafhoppers 8 Helochara communis 6 Draeculacephala spp. 4 3 1 Endria inimica Paraphlepsius irroratus Plant Bugs 6.2 Lygus lineolaris 40.4 Halticus bracteatus 20.2 Adelphocoris lineolatus 13/10 Leptopterna dolabratus 9 Trigonotylus ruficornis 6 Adelphocoris rapidus 4 Miscellaneous Miridae 3 Plagiognathus politus 1 1 Capsus spp. - 298 - Table I (cont'd) - Census of Forage Crop Insects in Massachusetts 1961 Percent of Percent of Insect Name or Group Group Total Beetles 3.6 Hypera postica Miscellaneous beetles Popillia japonica Flea beetles Tychius spp. Sitona hispidula Ceutorhynchus spp. Elateridae Calomycterus setarius Rhinoncus castor Hypera nigrirostris Sitona flavescens Hypera punctata Sitona scissifrons ioe) le} WOhRUNONORFDOOWOW oP Noluoll le He SCOOOFRFNOODNAOCMN Predators Qo: Orius insidiosus 41.3 Coccinellidae 27.8 Nabis ferus PAAR A Chrysopidae 5.0 Syrphidae 2.70 abeal WA) Miscellaneous predators Reduviidae Philaenus spumarius 2,0 Thrips 0.7 Spiders 0.5 Lepidoptera 0.5 Grasshoppers 0.3 Fulgoridae 0.3 Membracidae 0.1 Sawflies 0.1 Other insects 12.8 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana = (299 = STATE SURVEY COORDINATORS For Economic Insect Survey Reports Dr. F. S. Arant, Head, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Auburn University, Auburn Dr. Richard H. Washburn, Entomology Department, Agricultural Experiment Station, Palmer Dr. J. N. Roney, Extension Entomologist, University of Arizona, 1201 W. Madison St., P. O. Box 751, Phoenix Mr. Gordon Barnes, Extension Entomologist, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Mr. R. W. Harper, Chief, Bureau of Entomology, State Department of Agriculture, Sacramento 14 Dr. Leslie B. Daniels, Head, Department of Entomology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins Mr. J. Peter Johnson, Associate Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, P. O. Box 1106, New Haven 4 Dr. Dale F. Bray, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Delaware, Newark Dr. W. G. Cowperthwaite, Director, Division of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, Gainesville Dr. C. R. Jordan, Jr., Extension Entomologist, University of Georgia, Col.ege of Agriculture, Athens Hawaiian Entomological Society, Attn: C. J. Davis, President, 1527 Keeaumoku St., Honolulu 14 Dr. H. C. Manis, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Idaho, Moscow Dr. H. B. Petty, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Illinois Agricultural Extension Service, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana Dr. John V. Osmun, Head, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, Lafayette Dr. Howard L. Hamilton, Acting Head, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames Dr. Herbert Knutson, Head, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Dr. Lee H. Townsend, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 29 Dr. L. D. Newsom, Head, Entomology Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 3 Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon —m3 O00 — Dr. G. W. Simpson, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono Mr. T. L. Bissell, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Dr. William D. Tunis, Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Mr. Ray Hutson, Head, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 13 Dr. D. M. Coe, Director, Division of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Food, Room 670, 6th Floor, State Office Building, St. Paul 1 Dr. R. E. Hutchins, Head, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mississippi State University, State College Mr. George Thomas, Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Columbia Dr. J. H. Pepper, Head, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Montana State College, Bozeman Dr. Roscoe E. Hill, Chairman, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 3 Mr. Lee M. Burge, Director, Division of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 1209, Reno Dr. J. G. Conklin, Professor of Economic Entomology, University of New Hampshire, Durham Dr. B. B. Pepper, Head, Department of Agriculture, Rutgers University, New Brunswick Mr. Dallas Rierson, Director, State Department of Agriculture, New Mexico State University, University Park Dr. A. A. Muka, Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology and Limnology, Cornell University, Ithaca Mr. George D. Jones, Extension Entomologist, North Carolina State College of Agriculture, Raleigh Dr. J. R. Dogger, Chairman, Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, State College Station, Fargo Dr. Roy W. Rings, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster Dr. D. E. Howell, Head, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Mr. Joseph Capizzi, Survey Entomologist, Division of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, Salem Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming = 301 - Mr. J. O. Pepper, Extension Entomologist, Zoology and Entomology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Agricultural Experiment Station, Rio Piedras Dr. F. L. Howard, Head, Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston Mr. W. C. Nettles, Leader, Extension Entomology and Plant Disease Work, Clemson Agricultural College, Clemson Dr. G. B. Spawn, Head, Department of Entomology and Zoology, South Dakota State College, College Station Mr. R. P. Mullett, Extension Entomologist and Plant Pathologist, College of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 16 Dr. J.C. Gaines, Head, Department of Entomology, Texas A & M College, College Station Dr. George F. Knowlton, Extension Entomologist, Utah State University, Logan Mr. John W. Scott, Director, Division of Plant Pest Control, State Department of Agriculture, Montpelier Dr. J. O. Rowell, Extension Entomologist, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg Dr. Horace S. Telford, Chairman, Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman Dr. C. K. Dorsey, Professor of Entomology, West Virginia University, Morgantown Mr. Philip W. Smith, State Department of Agriculture, 448 W. Washington Ave., Madison 3 Dr. Robert Pfadt, Head, Department of Entomology, University of Wyoming, Laramie Revised CEIR 12(13) :3-30-62 Ch Atal a AN eith NE AY (i Ne SS TMENT OF AGRICULTUE i == AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 April 6, 1962 Number 14 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS BROWN WHEAT MITE apparently damaging wheat already suffering from winter kill and dry weather in certain western panhandle areas of Texas; also light to medium in southwest and west central Oklahoma, and light in Baca County, Colorado, and in southwest Kansas. WHEAT CURL MITE causing a serious situation on wheat in Meade County, Kansas. (p. 305). EUROPEAN CORN BORER survival survey in Illinois showed living borers to average 74.34 percent through March; a figure that closely compares with previous years. No pupation of overwintering borers noted in Delaware to March 28. ALFALFA WEEVIL adults causing damage to alfalfa in Otero and Crowely Counties, Colorado, and active in Emery and Grand Counties, Utah; controls for adults reported in several Nevada counties, Alfalfa showing 30-40 percent larval feeding injury in Georgia fields not treated in fall of 1961. (p. 306). GREEN CLOVERWORM building up on alfalfa and vetch in 3 east central Texas counties. (p. 307). GREEN PEACH APHID infestations increased rapidly on potatoes and remain high on sugar beets and safflower in central Arizona. (pp. 307, 308). TEA SCALE extremely heavy on camellia in Lee and Russell Counties, Alabama. (p. 310). SCREW-WORM infestations found in 3 additional counties within the sterile fly-drop area in southern Texas; total of 77 infestations reported in area during week ending March 29. (p. 312). PINE NEEDLE SCALE especially severe throughout New York; controls will be required. (p. 314). SOME FIRST SEASONAL REPORTS ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae present in Delaware and Maryland; and CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae present in Kansas, Missouri, Delaware and Maryland. (p. 306). PEA APHID nymphs present in Delaware and Maryland and the species is present in Kansas. (p. 307). Newly hatched larvae of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR noted in Maryland; and SPRING CANKERWORM adults present in Kansas, Missouri and Delaware. (p. 310). ROSE APHID appearing in Maryland. (p. 310). WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES swarming in Nevada and SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES present in Oklahoma. (p. 312). FORECASTS Brood II of PERIODICAL CICADA expected to appear in southern Maryland about mid-May. (p. 308). CANKERWORMS expected to be troublesome in New York. (p. 314). SPECIAL REPORTS Boll Weevil Survival Surveys in North and South Carolina, Spring - 1962. Survival approximately 4 times greater than in 1961 in south central South Carolina, 3 times greater in Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina, and 2 times greater than in the preceding year in Piedmont of North and South Carolina and in north central North Carolina. (p. 309). Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (continued) ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS Ornamental Insects —- (p. 315). Shade Tree Insects - (p. 326). (Continued on page 304) - 304 - DETECTION New state records reported were BARK BEETLES (Phloeosinus canadensis and P. dentatus) in Ohio (p. 319), and PINE TORTOISE SCALE in Indiana (p. 321). CORRECTIONS See page 314. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 30, unless otherwise indicated. FO IO RICK OK I KK a OK WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK APRIL 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for April calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals east of the Appalachians as well as in the Gulf States and the northern half of the area lying west of the Continental Divide. Below normal temperatures are predicted for the area from Northern and Central Plains eastward to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. In unspecified areas, near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over a broad area extending from the Northern and Central Plains to the east coast. Subnormal amounts are indicated over most areas west of the Continental Divide and over the Southern Plains. In unspecified areas, about normal rainfall amounts are predicted. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 2 The weather this week was largely determined by a storm system which, in the course of the period, moved frdm the Pacific Northwest to the Atlantic coast. This storm system was responsible for virtually all the week's precipitation which was mostly light to moderate west of the Great Lakes and heavy in the East and South. East of the Rockies, it brought southerly winds and abnormally high temperatures the fore- part of the week, only to be followed by much colder weather the latter part. In north central areas, temperatures the first 2 or 3 days of the period ranged mostly in the 60's and 70's. Dickinson and Breien, North Dakota, reported 72° on Tues-— day; La Crescent, Minnesota, 66° and Shenandoah, Iowa, 80° on Wednesday. At Lan- sing, Michigan, 75° on Thursday equaled the record for the date there. Relative to normal, temperatures were even higher in the Northeast the last 3 days of March, when maxima ranged mostly in the 60's and 70's in New York and New England and even reached 80° at a number of stations in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In northern Maine, maxima in the 70's were 10° to 15° higher than previous early season records, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, had 80° on Friday. Temperatures for the week averaged from 6° to 12° above normal in the Northeast, but within 3° of normal in the remainder of the country. The week was slightly on the cool side in the Midcontinent area and somewhat warmer than the seasonal average west of the Continental Divide. The heavy precipitation in the South and East fell during the weekend, and gener= ally totaled from 0,50 inch to 2.00 inches. Much heavier amounts, ranging up to 6 inches or more, fell in the east Gulf coastal region on Saturday when a tornado at Milton, Florida, caused at least 15 deaths, numerous injuries and heavy property damage. Snow fell in the Appalachians; 2 to 4 inches were reported in southeastern Ohio, several inches in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, and 6 to 8 inches in New York State's Adirondacks. Snow cover at lower levels in the Northeast ranges up to 13 inches in northern New England, but has mostly melted elsewhere, Several inches of snow fell in north central areas over the weekend, where the snow cover now is mostly limited to Iowa, the eastern Dakotas, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. Depths range up to 6 inches in Iowa and northwestern Illinois, 19 inches in North Dakota, 16 inches in Minnesota and 17 inches in Michigan. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = 305 5i— CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Light, noneconomic infestations fairly general over small grain areas, with localized infestations in parts of north central, central and panhandle areas, Dry weather contributing factor to damage. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations remained generally light; 6-60 per linear foot in west central and 1-25 per linear foot in southwest areas, with occasional threatening populations in isolated spots. Light populations of 30-40 per linear foot noted on wheat in Bryan County and 40 per linear foot in Marshall County. Counts remained noneconomic in fields checked throughout northwest, north central and east central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Found only in Morton County in southwest; counts much less than one per foot of row. Damage not expected to be very serious during 1962. (Peters). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Infestations have increased on barley in central area, but remain light in comparison with previous years. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Very light population of 2 per 10 young grain sorghum plants in Brazos County; plants in 2-leaf stage. (Newton). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Very low counts (fewer than 5 per linear foot) of this and Rhopalosiphum padi observed in fields checked in east central area. Higher counts of 150 per linear foot noted in Bryan County and 600 per linear foot in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA — Populations of 10-25 per linear foot observed on oats in Sequoyah County and 4-15 noted on wheat in Bryan and Marshall Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations observed on wheat in Bryan County; 4-5 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional specimen observed on wheat and alfalfa in Haskell area, Muskogee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LEAFHOPPER (Cuerna costalis) - COLORADO - Numerous in a field of wheat in Elbert County. (Hantsbarger). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - MISSOURI - In one field of wheat checked in in southwest area, 4 percent of plants infested with 1-5 larvae per stem. (Munson). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Present on wheat, barley and range grasses in Baca County; ranged 10-40 per linear foot of row. Trace numbers found in Adams and Kiowa Counties; none found in Otero and Crowley Counties. (Schweissing, Jenkins). KANSAS - Counts 0-50 per foot of row, averaged 5 or less, in wheat in southwest area; no damage observed. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Light to medium, scattered populations of 50-800 per linear foot in southwest and up to 500 per sweep in west central areas continue on wheat. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Apparently damaging wheat already suffering from winter kill and dry weather in certain western panhandle areas. Damage specifically caused by this mite very difficult to assess. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) -— OKLAHOMA - Light populations of 15 per linear foot observed on wheat in Bryan County and 10-25 per linear foot in Webber Falls area, Muskogee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - KANSAS - Infestations range zero to heavy in southwest area; quite spotty and not consistent over entire area. Serious situation has developed in Meade County where highest populations have been found to date. (Somsen). A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Localized infestations reported in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 306 - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Percent living borers in the field, by district, for 1962 compared with 1961, respecitvely, were as follows: West-southwest, 88.0 and 78.4; west, 64.2 and 73.6; central, 80.0 and 66.4; north- west, 78.3 and 74.0. The average through March is 74.34 percent of borerg alive, and apparently compares closely with previous years. It is questionable that sectional averages for west-southwest and central areas are entirely dependable, but west and central area figures are based on 95 and 120 forms, respectively. The State average is the reliable figure. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - No pupation of overwintering borers had occurred in State as of March 28. (Burbutis). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Survey continued to determine winter survival; 13 fields, mostly in central area, showed 27.7 percent of stalks had been infested with overwintering larvae. Survival was 17.9 percent. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Counts of overwintering larvae made in 3 fields in southwest areas, as follows: Field 1 - 20 girdled stalks contained 2 live larvae; field 2 - 35 girdled stalks had 4 live larvae; field 3 -— 100 girdled stalks contained 9 live larvae. (Munson). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - FLORIDA - Infested 95 acres of sweet corn at Canal Point, Palm Beach County. (W. W. Smith). GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Limited survey of egg-pod depostition made in Cimarron, Beaver, Ellis, Major, Harper, Texas and Woodward Counties; results indicate there will probably be some "hot spots'' in all counties surveyed. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Controls for adults in progress or mostly completed in Churchill, Douglas, Pershing and Washoe Counties. (Nevada Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Active in alfalfa examined in southern Emery County and in Moab area, Grand County. (Knowlton), COLORADO - Adult feeding damage occurring in many alfalfa fields in Otero and Crowley Counties; no egg punctures found. Plant growth 1-2 inches. (Schweissing, Jenkins). GEORGIA - Larvae averaged 3 per sweep in field not treated in fall of 1961; occasional larva present in treated fields. Treated field in Gordon County averaged 2 larvae per sweep; other treated fields in county revealed an occasional larva in sweepings. Alfalfa now generally 6-8 inches tall. Fields not treated in fall of 1961 showing 30-40 per- cent feeding injury to plants. When 50 percent of plants show feeding injury, insecticide applications should be made. (Johnson). MARYLAND - Adults mating in Howard County; newly hatched larvae observed on alfalfa in Calvert, Howard and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First instars present on alfalfa in eastern Sussex County; few second instars also present. (Burbutis). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - DELAWARE - Almost full-grown larvae averaging 2-3 per plant on alfalfa in western Kent County; feeding injury noticeable on small new growth. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Larvae ranged 2-6 per plant on red clover at Bowens, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Larvae observed in alfalfa in Pawnee and Hodgeman Counties; averaged less than one per square foot of crown area (Peters). MISSOURI - Very few larvae observed on clover and alfalfa in southwest; only 3 first and second instars observed in 2 fields checked. Counts averaged one small larva per square foot in field of red clover. (Munson). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula)- MARYLAND - Adults common in alfalfa at Guilford, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Adults flying in newly emerged clover in Polk County, March 29. (Capizzi). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations of egg-laying females (2-3 per 10 sweeps) observed on alfalfa in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO - Adults active in alfalfa in southern counties. Populations generally light. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). - 307 - PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) — ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infestations present in alfalfa statewide. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Populations unusually light on alfalfa for this time of year in Dona Ana, Sierra, Eddy and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS -— Counts ranged 25-200 per 5 sweeps on alfalfa and vetch in Brazos, Burleson and Robertson Counties; high percentage of winged forms noted. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Up to 300 per square foot noted on alfalfa in Bryan County; lower counts of 10-25 per linear foot noted in Jackson and Kiowa Counties. Light counts of 5-40 per sweep made throughout east central area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Ranged 0-5, averaged less than one, per square foot of crown area in alfalfa along Arkansas River Valley from Pawnee to Hamilton Counties. (Peters). MARYLAND - First nymphs of season swept from alfalfa in Worcester and Calvert Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Nymphs and wingless females fairly common on alfalfa in eastern Sussex County; present in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TEXAS - Counts ranged 50-250 per sweep in alfalfa and vetch in Brazos, Burleson and Robertson Counties; many winged forms present. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Populations of 30 per square foot observed on alfalfa in Bryan County; fewer than one per 10 sweeps noted in Bixby area, Tulsa County. None observed in other areas of east central part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - None observed in fields of alfalfa checked in south- west area. (Peters). COLORADO - Has not been found recently in southeastern part of State. (Schweissing, Jenkins). COWPEA APHID (Aphis sp., probably craccivora) - NEW MEXICO. - Occasional winged adult found in alfalfa fields in southern Dona Ana County. Qe ME “Coops Rpt) TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-4 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - L. elisus and L. hesperus active in alfalfa at Green River, Emery County, and at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Light infestations, 2-8 per 50 sweeps, noted in alfalfa in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpitis) THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Populations unusually light for time of year in alfalfa fields of Dona Ana, Sierra, Eddy and Chaves Counties. @NEM. Coop.2 Rpt.) ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Occasional adult noted in alfalfa checked in Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - TEXAS - Building up on alfalfa and vetch in Brazos, Burleson and Robertson Counties; up to 15 per 5 sweeps noted in some fields. All stages present. (Newton). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - KANSAS - Occasional specimens observed in alfalfa in southwest; counts much less than one per square foot of crown area in fields checked. None observed in any fields of wheat checked in same area, (Peters). COLORADO - Larval counts of this species and Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cutworm) light on wheat, barley and alfalfa in southeastern part of State. (Schweissing, Jenkins). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Infestations remain high in saf- flower in central area of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - GEORGIA — Averaged 14 per square foot in fescue pasture in Franklin County. Averaged one larva per square foot in 2 fields treated in September 1961. (Johnson). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria paracalifornica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations occur- ring on leaves of California sagebrush (Artemisia californica) in the Gustine area, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). = 308) = WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) -— UTAH - Becoming active in Green River and Moab areas. Knowlton). FRUIT INSECTS PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - MARYLAND - Brood II due to appear in southern portion of State during 1962. This is a moderate size brood which occurs along the eastern seaboard from Connecticut to North Carolina, and should not be confused with Brood X which occurred over most of Maryland in 1953 and is due again in 1970. Males should be evident in Anne Arundel, Prince Georges, Charles, Calvert and St. Marys Counties beginning in mid-May. Females, which appear shortly after the males, cause damage to young transplanted trees in nurseries and orchards and cause some damage to older trees. Females greatly prefer to lay eggs in oak, hickory, apple, peach, pear and grape, but except for egg-laying injury, these pests cause little harm to plants and trees. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - DELAWARE — Eggs have hatched; aphids now feeding on buds in Kent County. (MacCreary). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - OREGON - Feeding on developing buds in apple trees near Corvallis, Benton County. (Jones). APHIDS - TEXAS - Light, spotted infestations of undetermined species appearing in new growth of freeze-damaged citrus trees in Cameron County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Day). NEW JERSEY - Eggs found in only one apple orchard in Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., March 27). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW JERSEY - Overwintering eggs easy to find in 2 or 3 apple orchards -but in several other orchards populations were light in Burlington County on March 26. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - MARYLAND - Overwintered nymphs infested peach trees at Mount Lena, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., March 19). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) — TEXAS - Light, widespread populations attacking plum and peach trees in Caldwell, Comal and Guadalupe Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - UTAH - Damaged older cherry trees in orchard at Bringham City, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). A FILBERT APHID (Myzocallis coryli) - OREGON - Observed on newly unfolding filbert leaves in Polk County orchards on March 28. (Capizzi). A MITE (Xenocaligonellidus sp., probably ovaerialis) - FLORIDA - Collected on grape at Electra, Marion County; det. E. W. Baker. (Graham, Jan. 19). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Infestations increased rapidly on potatoes and remain high on sugar beets in central area, Griz. ‘Coop... Suri) OKLAHOMA - Populations up to 2 per leaf on spinach noted in some fields in Bixby area of Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - TEXAS - Light, local populations of undetermined species attacking okra in Cameron County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Day). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Trace numbers found on tansy- mustard in southeast area. (Hantsbarger). - 309 - STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) -— ALABAMA - Large, increasing population reported in Cullman County. (Buttram). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEYS IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA SPRING - 1962 Spring surface woods trash examinations were made during the period March 6-22, 1962, in the same four representative areas of South Carolina and North Carolina in which fall examinations were made in 1961 to determine the number of live boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that survived the winter. In each area, a total of 30 locations (farm sites) was sampled with 3 samples of 2 square yards each being taken at each location. The same locations were sampled in both the fall and spring examinations. The representative areas sampled are as follows: Area 1 - south central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Dorchester and Bamberg Counties); area 2 - Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence, Darling- ton, Marlboro Counties, S. C.; and Scotland County, N. C.); area 3 - Piedmont of South and North Carolina (Anderson, Greenville, Spartanburg Counties, S. C.; and Mecklenburg, Cleveland, Union Counties, N. C.); and area 4 - north central North Carolina (Nash, Wilson, Franklin Counties). The average number of live weevils found per acre in areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 1,667, 3,654, 2,823 and 968, respectively. The percent survival for these areas was 49.6, 26.8, 33.7 and 30.5, respectively. The percent survival was lowest in areas 2 and 4 and highest in areas 1 and 3. The 1962 average survival figure of 1,667 is approximately 4 times greater than the 1961 spring average of 376 weevils per acre in area l. The survival figure of 3,654 weevils per acre in area 2 is approximately 3 times the 1961 survival figure of 1,129 weevils per acre. Survival figures of 2,823 and 968 weevils per acre in areas 3 and 4 are approximately 2 times the 1961 survival figures of 1,558 and 430 weevils per acre. In Florence County, South Carolina, fall and spring examinations have been made since 1938. An average of 3,766 weevils per acre was found in the spring of 1962 in this county, with a winter survival of 30.7 percent. This percent survival in the highest since the spring of 1956. (ENT, PPC). DARKLING BEETLES - TEXAS - Damage in 5 fields of 54 checkedin Rio Grande Valley warrented controls. (Deer). CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Reference is made to Summary of Cotton Insects for 1961 as carried in CEIR 12(11):229. This pest was reported to have developed medium to heavy populations very locally in Kern and Kings Counties. Recent information developed by George Okumura, California Department of Agricul- ture, has now determined that previous records of U. rubigalis have been confused with U. profundalis. U. rubigalis occurs in the area south of the Tehachapi Mountains and Us profundalis north of this range. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Damage by unspecified species in 5 of 54 fields checked in Rio Grande Valley, warranted control. (Deer). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Light infestations reported from 3 locations in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Light infestation reported north- west of Mission, Hidalgo County. (Deer). THRIPS - TEXAS - Light infestations of unspecified species reported from 3 locations in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). PILLBUGS - TEXAS - Destroyed several acres of cotton at Harlingen, Cameron County. Feeding occurred at night. Described as beginning at outer edges of cotyledonous leaves and progressing to stem. Only cotton beginning to emerge was being - 310 - damaged. Control satisfactory. (Deer). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations occurred on pine seedlings in McCurtain County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy, widespread populations attacking oak trees in Blanco County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). ARKANSAS -Nests observed in Pulaski, Faulkner, Conway and Pope Counties week of March 31. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - First newly hatched larvae of season observed on native cherries at Island Creek, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - TEXAS - Widespread, light to heavy populations attacking oak trees in Caldwell and Guadalupe Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) -— KANSAS - Firstbig adult emergence on elms and other shade trees occurred March 23 in Geary and Riley Counties. (Thompson). MISSOURI - Adults observed for first time this season in central area. (Munson). DELAWARE - Adults common at lights in New Castle County on March 25. (Bray). CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae locally heavy in bark of California live oak trees in El Cajon, San Diego County. Adults of a predaceous ostomid beetle (Temnochila virescens) and a nautical borer (Xylotrechus nauticus) heavy on same trees. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ASH BORER (Podosesia syringae fraxini) - COLORADO - Reported active on ash and lilac in vicinity of Denver. (Hantsbarger). A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus platani) - CALIFORNIA — Medium population occurring on live oak trees in Pauma Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) - MARYLAND - Beginning to appear on roses in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations present on iris plants in Brea, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). APHIDS - ARIZONA - Several species increasing on roses and other flowers and shrubs statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). Coccids in Florida —- Chrysomphalus aonidum severely infested Noronhia emarginata at Miami, Dade County, on February 13; C. dictyospermi moderately infested euonymus at De Land, Volusia County, on March 21. Diaspis carueli infested Juniperus sp. at Miami on March 20. Camellias were lightly infested by Fiorinia theae at Indian River City on February 5 and moderately to severly infested at Cocoa on March 19 in Brevard County. Phenacaspis cockerelli moderately infested 20 southern magnolia trees at Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County, on March 19. Pseudaulacaspis major severely infested Flacortia indica at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, on March 9. P. pentagona severely infested 40 goldraintrees at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, on January 22. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) -— OKLAHOMA - Reported on shrubs in Washington and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Infestations extremely heavy on camellia in Lee and Russell Counties. (Buttram). MEALYBUGS - CALIFORNIA - Eggs and adults of Spilococcus cactearum and Pseudococcus = (311) = obscurus heavy on cactus plants in a nursery in Hayward, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A FLATHEADED WOOD BORER (Anthaxia aeneogaster) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on narcissus blooms on Daffodil Hill in Volcano, Amador County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza sp., undescribed) - DELAWARE - Full-grown larvae and pupae of this large blotch miner present in American holly in Sussex County. (Kelsey, Burbutis). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - ARIZONA - Increasing infestations damaging arborvitae in central area. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Eggs abundant on spruce in Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominovorax) - TEXAS - Release of sterile flies in the southern area continued. The map below gives the status of the program in south- ern Texas as of March 29. During the week ending March 29, 10,392,400 sterile flies were released over an area of 44,563 square miles, with the release rate being 200-250 flies per square mile for this period. Also during the week, 77 infestations were reported, including 4 in 3 new counties, as follows: Dimitt County - 2; McMullen County - 1; Blanco County - 1. Uvalde County has received an increased release of 176,000 sterile flies during this period to further decrease chances of population buildup. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.). Ela Tosh eerieeteeeil ie eis i i ili gf mean ame BS Yi Screw-worms reported during period of 3/23-29/62 wet Screw-worms previously reported =—7oLZi— CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - MARYLAND - Averaged 3 per animal in herd of 23 cows and heifers at Buckeystown, Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Adult activity of H. lineatum observed about cattle in Pushmataha, Comanche and Texas Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Numercus on sheep in Huntingdon-Castle Dale area, Emery County; 2,000 sheep recently treated and an additional 2,000 to be treated. (Knowlton). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - WISCONSIN - Few have been observed outdoors as of March 30. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BLOW FLIES - UTAH —- Becoming numerous around swine farms and beef feeding lots in several areas of Weber County. (Knowlton). CATTLE LICE —- OKLAHOMA - Several species continue active in several areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH — Annoying -cattle in Ogden-Hooper area, Weber County. (Knowlton). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - UTAH - Annoying swine at Hooper and Huntsville, Weber County. (Knowlton). GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation present in flock of 6,000 chickens in Moorpark district, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae, pupae and adults heavy on walls of a residence in Fiddletown, Amador County, and a mountain home in Slug Gulch, El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - UTAH - Infested a home at Helper, Carbon County. (Knowlton). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - OREGON - Emerging from overwintering sites and causing concern in western area. Abundance appears related to availability of protected areas, such as shingles and loose-barked trees. (Capizzi). UTAH - Entering homes at Castle Dale and Huntington, Emery County. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Nymphs and adults abundant on ground, trees and about house in Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults leaving hib hibernation in New Castle County. (MacCreary). ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - UTAH - Infested a commercial building in Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton). VARIED CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus verbasci) - OREGON - Adult emergence reported by many homeowners in western localities of State. (Capizzi). 7 SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surnamensis) - MARYLAND - Adults found in flour and other products in home at Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., March 20). CARPENTER ANTS (Campnotus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Active during winter invading residences and annoying Occupants, primarily by being confused with termites. Medium infestations occurred in several areas of Scaramento, Scramento County, and in Menlo Park, San Mateo County. Infestations were heavy in the attic of a club house in Pleasanton, Alameda County, and heavy in a house in Walnut Creek, Contra County. These ants are more prevalent this year than in past years and appear to be invading older homes. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES — NEVADA - Winged forms of Reticulitermes hesperus swarming; several homes reported infested in Reno, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Ting). = 313, - OKLAHOMA - Reticulitermes sp. reported from locations in northwest, northeast, central and southwest parts of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND — Reproduc- tives of unspecified species swarming in and about homes in Anne Arundel, Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Swarms of undetermined species becoming more abundant. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., March POY) 6 CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW JERSEY - Few inquiries concerning these pests being received. Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., March 27). MARYLAND - Entering homes in Charles and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Entering some homes at Green River and Castle Dale, Emery County, and at Price, Carbon County. (Knowlton). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - CALIFORNIA - Found infesting bathroom of a residence in Sacramento, Scaramento County. This mite is being encountered more frequently in dwellings in the State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS ALMOND MOTH (Ephestia cautella) - NEVADA - Several adults found in home in Winnemucca, Humboldt County. (Uriarte). RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) - NEVADA - Light in dry dog food in veterinary establishment in Reno, Washoe County. (Bechtel). YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) - DELAWARE - Very heavy infestation, mostly full-grown larvae, present in feedhouse in southern New Castle County. (Burbutis). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Several species continue to increase populations in alfalfa and wheat throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Hippodamia convergens becoming active in small grain fields in east central area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Limited numbers observed in alfalfa and wheat in State. Okla Coop. Sunk )). PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS - ARKANSAS - Increasing in small grain fields in east central area. Grke Ins? surk))- MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - CALIFORNIA - Additional soil treatment begun March 26 in approximately 100 city blocks in known infested area in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A CHAFER (Cyclocephala longula) - WASHINGTON - Recovered from blacklight trap during summer of 1961 at Pasco, Franklin County. This may be a new State record. Det. by 0. L. Cartwright. (Powell). A SCARAB (Phyllophaga latifrons) - FLORIDA - Collected in Japanese beetle trap at International Airport, Miami, Dade County, on March 14. (Stephen, McMillan). A COREID BUG (Leptoglossus ashmeadi) - FLORIDA - Collected in Lake County on March 22. This is the third specimen for the Florida State Collection. (Felshaw). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH —- Active out-of-doors at Ogden and Huntsville, Weber County. (Knowlton). - 314 - A SLUG (Arion ater) - CALIFORNIA - Very light infestation found on soil ina nursery and on outlying property in Smith River, Del Norte County. This is the second location this slug has been found in Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(11):229 - CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) reported from Kern and Kings Counties, CALIFORNIA. Recent information developed by California Department of Agriculture has now determined that previous records of U. rubigalis have been confused with U. profundalis. U. rubigalis occurs in the area south of the Tehachapi Mountains and U, profundalis north of this range. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CEIR 12(13):288 - Delete correction for CEIR 10 Index:19; this is in error. Aphytis proclia is an eulophid parasite, as carried in index for Volume 10. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Prod. Feltia Spod. Trich. Helio. unip. = ips saucia ornith. subter. exigua ni zea ARIZONA Mesa 3/21-28 PX 6 67 69 4 ARKANSAS Kelso 3/22-28 2 2 21 FLORIDA Quincy 3/26 1 6 2 Gainesville 3/22 1 1 1 9 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 3/17-23 2 1 1 2 Charleston 3/26-4/1 17 4 i! 2 6 il TENNESSEE (Counties) Madison 3/20-26 3 3 Cumberland 3/20-26 1 Greene 3/20-26 ; 1 2 a Additional Light Trap Collections: WISCONSIN:Middleton (3/26-28) - SPRING CANKER- WORM (Paleacrita vernata) — ll; NOCTUIDS (Lithophane laticinerea) - 13, and (Eupsilia morrisoni) — 2. ADDITIONAL NOTES NEW YORK - Heavy adult flights of LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) occurred in the Albany area of the Hudson Valley and part of Long Island during November 1961, and heavy male flights of FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) occurred in the State during December. Cankerworms are expected to be troublesome this year in the State. Linden looper, along with fall cankerworm and SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) , occur together during mid-May on deciduous shade trees. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) is especially severe this year throughout New York. Control measures will be essential in most areas. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 2) = (31'5: = SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1961 (Continued from page 274) ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS Ornamental Insects Highlights: BAGWORM was common on various evergreens and other ornamental hosts during the 1961 season. Infestations were more severe in Arkansas than in 1960, especially in the Ozark foothills, and were heavy in central and southern Missouri, but less numerous in Kansas. Damage was severe in southern Illinois, but populations were less abundant in Indiana and Ohio this year. EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH infestations were found in 5 nurseries at 3 different locations in Oregon this season, but all hosts were destroyed or disposed of, and no known infestations now occur in the State. Eradication of the pest was virtually completed in the Spokane area of Washington, but collections were made for the first time in 6 other counties in the State during 1961. The pest was also recorded for the first time in Kansas. JAPANESE BEETLE was abundant in New Jersey, very abundant in Pennsylvania, and appeared to be higher than in previ- ous years in the northern part of New Castle County, Delaware. Adult infesta- tions of this scarab were above normal in all areas of Maryland this year and were of concern also in Virginia. SCALE INSECTS were of considerable concern during 1961, with infestations and damage being reported on a wide variety of ornamentals from several of the states. APHIDS also caused much concern and were damaging in some areas of the Nation during the season. SPIDER MITES were troublesome and damaging in several parts of the country, with severe damage reported in aay areas. MITES in general were damaging in California and infested a variety of plants in Virginia this season, and GRAY GARDEN SLUG continued damaging this year in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. DE ICA I IE OK OK KC 2 2fe Ic ie a ic i 2 2k i ic 2k 24s 2 2k BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) commonly attacked evergreens and other ornamental trees in TEXAS during 1961. Early instars were noted on evergreens in the central area of OKLAHOMA by mid-May and, by mid-July, infestations were becoming more noticeable in many areas of the State. Heavy to severe damage waS common on arborvitae and juniper, the most common hosts this year. Damaging numbers of the pest on untreated evergreens continued to be reported in Oklahoma into late August. Bagworm infestations were more severe in ARKANSAS © during 1961 than in 1960, especially in the Ozark foothills, and heavy infesta- tions were present in central and southern areas of MISSOURI this season. The pest was less numerous in KANSAS during 1961, but nurserymen were still plagued by late larval populations in July and August. Bagworm severely damaged many evergreens in the southern two-thirds of ILLINOIS, and hatch was about 2 weeks later than normal in 1961, occurring in the central area of the State about June 10-15, The pest was also abundant on sycamore, locust and other ornamentals in Illinois this season. Populations in INDIANA, although still evident on both deciduous and evergreen trees and on shrubs during 1961, were not as abundant as during the past several seasons, and the pest was apparently less abundant in OHIO during 1961 than during 1960. Injury by bagworm to arborvitae and other ornamental plants and shade trees was widespread throughout NEW JERSEY during the 1961 season as is usual. Very young larvae were first encountered on June 12 in Sussex County, DELAWARE, on sycamore and oak. Infestations in the northern portion of the county were severe and feeding injury on pine, cedar, oak and sycamore was very heavy by late July and early August. Bagworm infestations on arborvitae, juniper and other hosts were severe in many sections of MARYLAND this season and the pest infested conifers throughout VIRGINIA. Infestations of bagworm were light to heavy and general throughout GEORGIA on arborvitae during the 1961 season, = 316 - Another PSYCHID (Apterona crenulella) moderately attacked the foliage of orna- mentals and fruit trees about homes in the northern areas of UTAH this season. Infestations of ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) were present in 94 nurseries in OHIO during the 1961 season, of which 86 occurred in the north- eastern part of the State; and this leaf miner was more prevalent on juniper in VERMONT during 1961 than usual. Another LEAF MINER (Argyresthia freyella) infes- ted juniper in Pawtucket, Providence County, and arborvitae in Kingston, Washing- ton County, RHODE ISLAND. Map of European Pine Shoot Moth (Confirmed Records of European Pine Shoot Moth) \ ~~ 0) ¥y Map compiled in Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, from all available State and Federal records, December 31, 1961 Surveys for EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) during 1961 in OREGON, including intensive checks in all major channels of nursery stock distribution, revealed infestations in 3 nurseries in Portland, one nursery in Salem and one nursery in Eugene. The time interval between shipment of infested pines to the Eugene nursery and interception would not have permitted an adult flight in Oregon. All host pines at the Portland and Eugene locations were destroyed, and all pines at the Salem nursery were disposed of by burning or other means. A total of 19 trees on 8 privately owned properties within the metropolitan area of Portland was found infested and destroyed. No known infestations were known to occur in Oregon at the end of the year. State forestry inspectors spent 628 man-days on this survey. Other State and Federal personnel contributed consider- able time on nursery and house-by-house inspections. Quarantine laws in Oregon have been strengthened and increased surveys for European pine shoot moth will be undertaken during the spring of 1962. = 317 —- Eradication of European pine shoot moth was virtually completed in the Spokane area of WASHINGTON during 1961, but the pest was collected for the first time in Pacific, Lewis, Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish and Kitsap Counties during the season. European pine shoot moth occurred in 20 nurseries in WISCONSIN during the 1961 season as compared with 19 during 1960, and most infestations were found in southeast and east central portions of the State. Emergence of this important nursery pest began about mid-June in the southeast counties of Wisconsin, European pine shoot moth continued to be serious in pine planta- tions throughout northern INDIANA during 1961. As larvae were found in buds of Scotch pine in Jefferson and Spencer Counties during the 1961 season, the pest is now recorded along all 4 borders of Indiana. European pine shoot moth was recorded for the first time in KANSAS during the 1961 season, with the discovery of established nursery infestations in Sedgwick and Leavenworth Counties. ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) incidence increased in nursery stock in WISCONSIN during 1961. This pest possibly attacks pines previously injured by European pine shoot moth and was noted primarily in the same general vicinity as this latter pest. Zimmerman pine moth was the most noticeably abundant pest in MICHIGAN, in comparison with other years, on Christmastree plantings of Scotch pine and other pines. The possibility that the "shearing" practiced by growers to bring about symmetry appeared to be a contributory factor. Injury by this pest to plantings in Michigan was noticeable in the Holland area of Ottawa County and the St. Charles area of Saginaw County this season. In INDIANA, Zimmerman pine moth was found for the first time in La Porte, Fulton and Marion Counties during the 1961 season. This species is a severe pest of pines grown in planta- tions in Indiana and applied control in the form of spraying and sanitation is indicated. LEAF CRUMPLER (Acrobasis indiginella) was occasionally damaging to pyracantha locally in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) infestations were reported in 25 nurseries in OHIO, of which 24 occurred in 2 northeastern lake counties. LILAC LEAF MINER (G. syringella) was abundant on lilac in VERMONT and infestations of the pest were heavy on lilac shrubs in the northeastern portion of COLORADO during the 1961 season. BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (G. negundella) again heavily damaged boxelder in Elko County, NEVADA, during August and September, A BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Archips ne gundanus) caused scattered local damage in UTAH this past season, and an undetermined species of LEAF ROLLER infested lilac in the northeastern part of COLORADO. Platynota stultana caused serious damage to carnations in greenhouses at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, and Archips sp. infested pyracantha in Brazos County, TEXAS, this year. Tortrix pallorana appeared to be an estab- lished serious problem in young Christmastree plantings in INDIANA, with a 3-year-old Christmastree planting in Fulton County having an average infestation of 36 percent in early June. A heavy larval population of PAINTED BEAUTY (Vanessa virginiensis) severely damaged fields of peonies in Jasper County, MISSOURI, during mid-April, and considerable numbers of a NYMPHALID (Euptoieta claudia) fed on pansy plants in a commercial planting in Huntingdon County, PENNSYLVANIA, but no serious damage was evident. Local, spotted infestations of another NYMPHALID (Agraulis vanillae) were more numerous on passionvines in CALIFORNIA this year. JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) damaged ornamental juniper on numerous occasions in OREGON this season from Portland, Multnomah County, to Eugene, Lane County; and the pest caused occasional local damage to juniper in VIRGINIA. LILAC BORER (Podosesia syringae syringae) seriously injured lilacs locally in Prince Georges County, MARYLAND, during the summer and infested lilac shrubs in north- eastern COLORADO this season. A COSMOPTERYGID (Periploca n. sp.), which is now widespread in CALIFORNIA, seriously damaged prostrate junipers in the State by causing loss of terminals or complete kill. = SG An undetermined species of PLUME MOTH, which is a relatively new pest in MAINE, caused light damage to geranium blossoms in the Kennebunk area of York County in that State during late May. RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) defoliated many ornamental crabapple trees in VERMONT during late summer and was present on a few ornamentals and yard trees in northern CALIFORNIA during 1961. Also in California, a PYRAUSTID (Nomophila noctuella) damaged dichondra lawns in a few locations in the State. Several species of Coleoptera were reported troublesome on ornamentals during the 1961 season. First specimens of JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) were observed in MAINE on July 18 in the Portland area of Cumberland County, and light popula- tions caused light damage to roses in the Auburn area of Androscoggin County in early August. Larvae damaged turf on several golf courses in VERMONT, and adult numbers were about normal on ornamentals in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, but were abundant in local areas. Japanese beetle adults were abundant and damaged roses in NEW JERSEY and were very abundant during the 1961 season in PENNSYLVANIA, where they persisted into October. First Japanese beetle adults of the season in DELAWARE were noted in New Castle County on June 22, and the population appeared higher in the northern part of that county than in previous years, Extensive feeding in this area of Delaware was observed on a large vari- ety of host plants, especially roses, linden, birch, spruce, black cherry, sycamore, maple and oak, Adults were first noted in MARYLAND on June 23 at College Park, Prince Georges County, and adult infestations in all sections of the State were above normal on favored ornamental host plants during late June and July. Japanese beetle caused considerable concern throughout VIRGINIA during the summer of 1961, with adults feeding on a variety of forest and ornamental plants and being particularly heavy in the southwestern part of the State. Infestations of Japanese beetle were recorded in 41 nurseries in OHIO during 1961, compared with 29 nursery infestations during 1960, However, all infestations were within the quarantined area of the State. Moderate to heavy populations of ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) in MAINE caused moderate to severe damage to ornamentals and flowering plants in home gardens and cemetery plantings in areas of Farmington, Franklin County, and Norway, Oxford County, during late June, and heavy populations caused severe damage to many plant species in the Portland area of Cumberland County during mid-July. Rose chafer was exceptionally active in VERMONT this season with defoliation of many ornamentals, and adults were unusually abundant in most areas of RHODE ISLAND during the last half of June. A teneral adult of a CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) was found February 21, 1961, at Miami, FLORIDA, which is nearly 2 months earlier than adults were found during 1960. At the peak of emergence in May, over 3,000 specimens were collec- ted during a single night in one trap. It appears that the infestation is gradually expanding, but is still confined to the greater Miami area of Dade County. A total of 10 new adult host plants was recorded during the 1961 season and the last adult of the season was taken on December 31. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) was quite abundant in the southern half of PENNSYLVANIA during 1961, occurring on ornamental oaks and in nurseries, as well as migrating into homes on numerous occasions. In MARYLAND, adults of HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) were abundant on hollyhocks at Hanover, Howard County, and in VIRGINIA, FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) was occasionally damaging to roses locally in the State during the year. Also in Virginia, a JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) defoliated camellias in Richmond and azaleas and lilacs at Gloucester Point, Gloucester County. Adults of this weevil were rather abundant, causing heavy injury to several ornamentals, particularly lilac, in areas of New Castle County, DELAWARE, during late July. This weevil also infested lilac, rose, azalea and ivy in the Phila- delphia area of PENNSYLVANIA this past season, High adult populations of ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites bicolor) damaged untreated roses in the Fargo area of Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA, Rose curculio was also damaging to roses in UTAH during the 1961 season and was scatteringly abundant on roses in many areas of IDAHO. = 319 - BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) was very troublesome in RHODE ISLAND during the 1961 season. Pupae were observed in Middletown, Newport County, on June 15, and a heavy emergence of adults occurred the following week in Newport, Johnston and Kingston. larvae infested a greenhouse in Newport on June 29. Also in Rhode Island, larvae of STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (B. ovatus) were troublesome in nurseries in the Warwick area of Kent County in early July. Strawberry root weevil, black vine weevil and B. rugosostriatus were occasionally damaging to roses in northern UTAH this season; and B. cribricollis heavily damaged various ornamentals in Clark County, NEVADA. In CALIFORNIA, infestations of B. cribri- collis occurred in spruce tree areas in Eureka, Humboldt County, and on nursery shrubs in a few locations in the State, as well as dichondra lawns in San Diego, San Diego County. This weevil was more prevalent in California during 1961 than in several years, A WEEVIL (Gymnaetron tetrum) was found infesting moth mullein (Verbascum blattaria) in Logan, Cache County, UTAH, during December 1960, and was reported during the 1961 season as a new State record for this pest. Determination was made by R. E. Warner, However, no established infestation is now known to be present in Utah, as all the plants and infested seed pods were destroyed. Unusually high numbers of SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) were observed during the fall in DELAWARE feeding on a variety of ornamentals, especially buds and blossoms of roses and chrysanthemums. Two LEAF BEETLES were reported from PENNSYLVANIA for the first time during the 1961 season. Cassida rubiginosa was collected on Canada thistle in Montgomery County and Chlamisus comptoniae was found on sweetfern (Comptonia peregrina) in Dauphin County. Another LEAF BEETLE (Rhabdopterus bowditchi) , which had been seldom collected in FLORIDA during previous years, was unusually abundant at Miami, Dade County, from January through March, feeding at night on lychee, surinamcherry, cattleya guava, mango, jaboticaba and longan, Adults of ARGUS TORTOISE BEETLE (Chelymorpha cassidea) were very abundant, feeding on morning- glory in the Billings area of Yellowstone County, MONTANA, this season, THREE- LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) was more abundant this year in CALIFORNIA than for several years on wild hosts, primarily Jimpsonweed, and also damaged a variety of ornamental vine ("cup-of-gold") in local areas. An undetermined species of LEAF BEETLE severely damaged willows in the vicinity of Manley Hot Springs, ALASKA, during the 1961 season, A BARK BEETLE (Phloeosinus canadensis) was collected for the first time in OHIO at Columbus, Franklin County, on August 18, 1961. The infestation was heavy and damage to Thuja occidentalis was noticeable. Another BARK BEETLE (P. dentatus) was collected at Devola, Washington County, during August 1960 on Juniperus sp. Both determinations were made by D. M, Anderson and both constitute new State records for Ohio. BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) damaged gladio- lus in northwestern PENNSYLVANIA during the 1961 season, Undetermined species of BLISTER BEETLES severely defoliated caragana and honeysuckle over a wide area of NORTH DAKOTA during the season, and were more prevalent than usual in CALI- FORNIA, with controls being required in many gardens and on many skrubs in the most northern counties of the State. Undetermined FLATHEADED BORERS infested several ornamental cherry trees in Elmos, Lake County, MONTANA, in 1961; and unusually heavy populations of a NITIDULID (Conotelus mexicanus) damaged blos- soms of flowers in gardens throughout southern counties of NEW MEXICO where they were especially bad on roses and chrysanthemums, SCALE INSECTS were of considerable concern during the 1961 season, with infestations and damage being reported on a wide variety of ornamentals from several of the states. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was abundant on lilac in VERMONT; was prevalent on lilac and other ornamental trees and shrubs in NEW JERSEY; and infestations on lilac were of major concern in MARYLAND. Oystershell scale and CAMELLIA SCALE (L. camelliae) were two of the more commonly reported species during the 1961 Season in VIRGINIA. Oystershell - 320 - scale was one of the important pests of nursery stock in WISCONSIN during 1961 and crawlers were noted on lilac in Dane County the last week of June. The brown race of this pest was heavy on redbud trees in the Lafayette area of Tippecanoe County, INDIANA, this season. Oystershell scale caused heavy damage to ornamentals during the year in WYOMING but, when properly applied, controls were generally effective. Infestations occurred on lilac in the northeastern portion of COLORADO, and were also reported on ornamentals from other areas of the State. The pest was frequently injurious to lilac in UTAH, and infestations were present on a few ornamentals in the northern part of CALIFORNIA. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) infestations on ornamental Prunus spp. caused major concern during 1961 in MARYLAND, and the pest was one of the most commonly reported scale insects in VIRGINIA during the year. Extremely heavy infestations of San Jose scale encrusted leaves and branches of pyracantha and ornamental plum in the central area of MISSOURI. The pest also occurred on many ornamental Prunus spp. and a few related hosts in CALIFORNIA to varying degrees, PUTNAM SCALE (Aspidiotus ancylus) was first found in WYOMING during 1960 and, although control efforts were not 100 percent effective, no new infestations have been found since the original discovery. This pest did infest ornamental apple in Denver, COLORADO, during the 1961 season. Several other ARMORED SCALES were also reported from ornamentals in CALIFORNIA. OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus hederae) is of statewide occurrence, but is not particularly damaging to its many hosts, although heavy populations do cause plants to become unsightly. Spotted, local infestations of CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) occur throughout the State, with ornamental shrubs and roses being infested. Parasites often build up in these reservoir populations which are not treated, but this materially aids biological control. OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) has been a serious pest of ornamentals as well as commercial plantings in the San Joaquin Valley of California for many years. The species is now widespread but very local, and eradicative measures have been applied in many communities. Biological control is quite effective and the release of parasites has resulted in these beneficial insects becoming established in many of the olive scale infestations which were previously uncontrolled, Local infestations of CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) occurred on ornamentals in a few areas of southern California during 1961; and ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) was medium on Christmasberry (Photinia arbutifolia) in Vallejo, Sonoma County, and was present locally in Santa Cruz County. Medium populations of Diaspis boisduvalii, which required considerable treatment, developed on cymbidiums in coastal Santa Barbara County this season. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) was reported more often during 1961 than in previous years in VIRGINIA, being common on such ornamentals as mulberry, lilac, candytuft, umbrella-tree, Japanese holly, privet, cherry, peach, catalpa, honeylocust, weeping willow, pyracantha and laurel, Infesta- tions of this species on ornamental cherry and mulberry were also of major concern in MARYLAND this season, as were infestations of Leucaspis japonica on privet, quince, holly and rose. JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) crawlers were evident on juniper in the Warwick area of Kent Can RHODE ISLAND, on July 6, and this scale was another of the more commonly reported species in VIRGINIA during 1961. Of a total of 81 nursery infestations of juniper scale reported in OHIO during the season, 64 were reported from the northeastern part of the State. Also in Ohio, infestation of sweetgum by Aspidiotus liquidambaris was severe in a nursery in North Royalton, Cuyahoga County, during August. Popu- lations of EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) in NEW MEXICO were very heavy on euonymus in the Albuquerque area of Bernalillo County and in Lea County during the late summer and fall, with effective control difficult; and the pest was common on euonymus throughout TEXAS during the season, Euonymus scale was one of the more common species reported in VIRGINIA during 1961, and infestations on euonymus, bittersweet and pachysandra were of major concern in MARYLAND during the year. Both generations of euonymus scale were abundant on euonymus and pachysandra in NEW JERSEY, and the pest was very common and abundant during the year in CONNECTICUT. - 321 - Light to moderate infestations of AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) were present on azalea in the east central area of MISSOURI during mid-April and adult females with unhatched eggs were noted on azalea in a nursery in the Cumberland area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, on June 13. A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium arabidis)was a nursery pest of Pittosporum tobira in CALIFORNIA, as well as occurring on a wide range of native plants in the State. Adult FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) females with unhatched ova were noted in a nursery in the Cranston area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, on May 31, and eggs were hatching the following week throughout the State. Relatively large numbers of this pest occurred on Taxus spp. and arborvitae in the southern part of OHIO and, of a total of 117 nurseries infested during the 1961 season, 80 were in the northeastern portion of the State. Fletcher scale was also severe on yew and arborvitae during 1961 in MINNESOTA. EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) again damaged roses at Vernal, Uintah County, UTAH; and very local infestations of another COCCID (Lecanium kunoensis) were present on pyra- cantha in Chico and Paradise, Butte County, CALIFORNIA. Scattered but severe infestations of MAGNOLIA SCALE (Neolecanium cornuparvum) occurred on magnolia in OHIO and the pest was of major concern on magnolia in MARYLAND during the 1961 season. Also of major concern in Maryland, was a WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes sp.) on holly. RED WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rubens) was found in FLORIDA on leaves of breadfruit (Artocarpus polyphemus) at a nursery in Miami, Dade County, on February 8 and 9, 1961. This species was thought to have been eradicated from the State and no specimens had been found since January 1958, when they were collected on Anthurium plants that had been imported. A quarantine was immediately placed in effect on the nursery in Miami and no subsequent finds have been made, BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) attacked various ornamental plants in the lower Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS during the 1961 season. In INDIANA, the seldom detected pest of spruce, SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) , was unusually abundant at both Muncie, Delaware County, and at Valparaiso, | Porter County, during 1961, and a PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella pini) was found infesting a mugho pine in Madison County, for the first record of this species in the State. Eradicative treatment was applied to tuliptrees infested with TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella livodendri) in San Jose, Santa Clara County, CALIFORNIA, this season by the County Agricultural Department. As complete eradication was not obtained during 1961, the program is to be continued. Also in California, locally heavy infestations of a COCCID (Ehrhornia cupressi) developed on cypress in Stanislaus County. Another COCCID (Pulvinaria floccifera) was especially abundant in Multnomah County, OREGON, on June 22, with crawlers active on that date. This pest requires control wherever camellias are grown in the western portion of Oregon. Eggs of this coccid hatched on yew in Wakefield, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, on July 10. COTTONY=CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was common on pittosporum in various areas of TEXAS during the 1961 season; and occurrence of the species is state- wide in CALIFORNIA, usually in local, very spotted areas involving a single host. Such infestations in California provide populations which serve to keep colonies of vedalia (Rodolia cardinalis) active, which in turn keeps this margarodid in bounds. GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) continued to be a pest of Taxus spp. in nurseries in OHIO during 1961. MEALYBUGS were heavy on potted plants in many sections of VIRGINIA this season and several species attacked a wide variety of ornamental plants locally throughout TEXAS. A heavy, local population of Conchaspis angraeci attacking hibiscus in Brownsville, Cameron County, was the first record of this pest in Texas. Mealybugs were reported from scattered areas of CALIFORNIA this year, attacking ornamentals, ivy and many garden annuals; and ground mealybugs were a problem in many home gardens in the State. Stomacoccus platani was of general occurrence in Cali- fornia, with heavy populations developing in many locations. SoZ — APHIDS were of some concern during the 1961 season. One of these, COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) , was troublesome to homeowners on althea in MARYLAND. SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) was abundant on new growth of spirea in Sussex County, DELAWARE, in May. This was a new State record for this species during the 1961 season. Spirea aphid was quite plentiful during the season in WISCONSIN; heavily infested spirea in Larimer, Weld, Adams, Boulder and Denver Counties, COLORADO; and populations were below normal during the year in UTAH, except in the spring. SNOWBALL APHID (Anuraphis viburnicola) was again generally abundant on snowball bushes throughout most of the southern part of IDAHO, and ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) was scatteringly abundant on roses in many areas of the State. Infesta- tions of rose aphid on roses caused concern to homeowners in MARYLAND during the year and heavy populations developed on roses in the Narragansett area of Wash- ington County, RHODE ISLAND, in mid-June. Also of concern in Maryland this season was TULIPTREE APHID (Macrosiphum liriodendri) on ornamental tuliptrees. BOXELDER APHID (Periphyllus negundinis) was sometimes extremely abundant during the spring in UTAH, especially in central and northern areas of the State. CHRYSANTHEMUM APHID (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) was medium locally on chrysan- themums in Butte County, CALIFORNIA, this season. Infestations of a JUNIPER APHID (Cinara sabinae) occurred on juniper during late June and the first 2 weeks of August, and on spruce, pine and juniper during September and October in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties, COLORADO. Specimens of BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) collected on English ivy at Centreville, Queen Annes County, MARYLAND, during August 1960, were reported during the 1961 season as a new State record. Determination was by L. M. Russell. Undetermined species of APHIDS were troublesome on almost all ornamentals commonly grown in ALASKA during the 1961 season. BIRCH APHIDS (Calaphis spp.) apparently produced loss of leaves on a number of birches grown as ornamentals around homes, isolated specimens appearing to suffer more severely than those in wooded areas, Honeydew and soot fungus were also troublesome in Alaska this season, as a result of aphid infestations. A COLUMBINE APHID (Aphis sp.) was an important problem on delphiniums in most of the State, and undetermined species infested fuzzy prairie rose (Rosa setigera tomentosa). A SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes sp.) was widespread on white spruce, especially those used as specimens in yards. Heavy populations of various species of aphids caused considerable damage to ornamentals in CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season and the pests persisted for a long period of time, Vesiculaphis caricis became established on azalea in Tuolumne, Amador and Calaveras Counties, but infestations are limited and spotted. Heavy infestations of several species of aphids were a problem on various ornamentals statewide in ARIZONA from February through May. Populations of Cinara tujafilina were heavy on arborvitae in southern counties of NEW MEXICO during the spring and early summer and caused considerable concern by entering homes and other buildings. Several species attacked a wide variety of ornamental plants locally throughout TEXAS and light to heavy populations of several species occurred throughout the 1961 season on most flowers and ornamental plants in yards, greenhouses and nur- series throughout OKLAHOMA. Roses were infested by Myzus spp. and Macrosiphum spp. in several areas of COLORADO, with infestations of Rhopalosiphum berberidis also being reported. Aphids occasionally curled foliage of ornamental flowering hawthorn in UTAH, and various species, including POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) , were damaging to ornamentals and flowers during the spring of the year. In NEVADA, infestations of various aphids ranged light to heavy, state- wide, on broadleaf and evergreen shrubs and trees and required extensive control measures. This group of pests is becoming increasingly numerous and injurious each year in Nevada. Anuraphis helichrysi was common on flowering plums through- out much of the southeastern portion of IDAHO during late June, and numerous, heavy infestations of various species of aphids occurred on shrubs and perennials over a wide area of NORTH DAKOTA during the 1961 season. Aphids were very abun- dant throughout VIRGINIA this year, with numerous reports concerning infestations on mulberry and chrysanthemum, In MARYLAND, infestations of Prociphilus fraxini- folii on ornamental ash were of concern to homeowners this past season. - 323 - Galls of EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes abietis) became very abundant on spruce locally in the Woonsocket area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, during early August, and infestations were reported from 86 nurseries in OHIO during the 1961 season, with 78 of these infestations being in the northeastern section of that State. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) was scattered throughout MONTANA on ornamental plantings during 1961, with heaviest infestations in the western part of the State. The pest caused normal damage to ornamental trees in UTAH, and damaging numbers were reported in the Denver area of COLORADO early in June. Cooley spruce gall aphid was quite prevalent on Douglas-firs during the 1961 season in WISCONSIN and was more abundant than usual during the year in OHIO, where many galls were reported on blue spruce in home plantings. Of the 73 nursery infestations recorded during 1961 in Ohio, 66 occurred in the northeast area. Newly formed galls of this pest were present in Warwick, Kent County, and Woonsocket, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, during early June. Undetermined species of SPRUCE GALL APHIDS were less abundant during 1961 than during the 1960 season in CONNECTICUT. Infestations of PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) on ornamental white pine caused concern to homeowners in MARYLAND during the year, and infestations of and damage by PHYLLOXERAS (Phylloxera spp.) were moderate in the Auburn area of Androscoggin County, MAINE. BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) adults and nymphs were moderate on boxwood in Wakefield, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in mid-June, and the pest heavily infested boxwood in many localities of VIRGINIA during the year. BOXELDER PSYLLID (P. negundinis) was moderate in UTAH during the 1961 season. HACKBERRY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidismamma) and P. celtidisvesicula were present on leaves of hackberry throughout KANSAS during 1961. Severe infestations of MULBERRY WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes mori) occurred on azalea in Kingston, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, during mid-August; and various species of WHITEFLIES were common in many greenhouses in CONNECTICUT during 1961. FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) fed on weigelia in Middletown, Newport County, RHODE ISLAND, during mid-July; and TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) caused considerable loss to commercial gladiolus plantings in PENNSYLVANIA by deforming flowers. A STINK BUG (Elasmostethus interstinctus) was common on poplars in Fairbanks, ALASKA; and large numbers of a GRASS BUG (Arhyssus scutatus) were a nuisance in yards and on shrubs in CALIFORNIA. HACKBERRY LACE BUG (Corythucha celtidis) was unusually abundant in many areas of INDIANA during 1961, with frequent requests for control measures during September. LACE BUGS (Stephanitis spp.) on azalea and rhododendron were abundant and injurious in all sections of MARYLAND during most of the summer, and unspecified species of these pests increased in abundance on Japanese andromeda during the 1961 season in CONNECTICUT. ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) infested roses in several areas of COLORADO during 1961, and conspicuously discolored cultivated roses throughout UTAH, where it also commonly infested wild roses. This species also became numerous on spirea in Utah during the fall of the year in Salt Lake City, Ogden and Logan, Also in Utah, VIRGINIA-CREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac), E. elegans and other species of leafhoppers caused moderate to average damage to Virginia-creeper foliage during the late summer and fall in many communities in the State, with leaves frequently brown before August; and various species of leafhoppers dis- colored foliage of pussywillow at Nephi, Juab County, and at Ogden, Weber County. Homalodisca liturata was a slight nuisance in home gardens in urban areas of San Diego County, CALIFORNIA; and H. coagulata infested crapemyrtle in several counties in the eastern half of TEXAS and in the south central area of the State. Several species of leafhoppers attacked a wide variety of ornamental plants locally throughout the State. In CONNECTICUT, a complex of leafhoppers was heavy on flowers during the 1961 season, - 324 - Emergence of NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) ended about mid-June in the South Kingstown area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, and the pest was troublesome in some counties of VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. Larval mines of HOLLY LEAF MINERS (Phytomyza spp.) were prevalent on American holly in central sec- tions of MARYLAND during April, May and December; and several species of LEAF MINERS attacked a wide variety of ornamental plants locally throughout TEXAS during the season, Another LEAF MINER (Phytomyza crassiseta) was found for the first time in CALIFORNIA during 1961, infesting Veronica imperialis during October in Oxnard, Ventura County, and later in several southern counties infesting Ver- onica spp. BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) heavily infested boxwood in many locali- ties of VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. A GALL MIDGE (Oligotrophus sp.) has recently become a pest in nurseries in OHIO, particularly of Juniperus virginiana, and continued to be disclosed in new areas of the State during 1961. It was recorded in 51 nursery plantings during 1960 and was apparently equally abundant in Ohio during 1961. Undetermined GALL MIDGES caused inflated fruits on many chokeberry bushes over MONTANA during 1961. Also in Montana, DOUGLAS-FIR NEEDLE MIDGES, mostly Contarinia pseudotsugae, have been found throughout the Douglas-fir type in the State, and have caused the discontinuance of Christmastree cutting operations on Kootenai National Forest because of discoloration of foliage. In IDAHO, fruit of wild chokecherries was infested by Contarinia sp. along south= western slopes of Thorn Creek in Boise County and in other southern areas of that State during the 1961 season. In UTAH, larvae of various species of gall midges again produced galls that damaged a large percentage of chokecherry fruits in Logan, Smithfield, Blacksmith Fork, Ogden, Provo, Mantua and Parleys Canyons. FRIT FLY (Oscinella frit) infested lawns in several areas of CALIFORNIA this year; and several species of GALL-MAKING INSECTS attacked various ornamental plants in TEXAS during the season, Several SAWFLIES were of-some concern during the season, PLUM WEB=SPINNING SAWFLY (Neurotoma inconspicua) larvae infested flowering crabapple in a nursery in the Lincoln area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, during early June, WHITE-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pinetum) defoliated white pines at Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, OHIO; and 2 infestations of a STEM SAWFLY (Janus bimaculatus) were recorded in the northern part of the State, one being severe, This latter species is a new nursery pest in Ohio and detection efforts should be increased to determine distribution. YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) occurred in the northeast district of MINNESOTA on ornamental spruce in Carlton and St. Louis Counties. ROSE-SLUG (Endelomyia aethiops) caused occasional local damage to roses in VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, was damaging to roses in UTAH, and was abundant but scattered on roses in many areas of IDAHO this season. A HONEYSUCKLE SAWFLY (Zaraea americana) caused heavy feeding injury to honey- suckle in the Alturas and Cedarville areas of Modoc County, CALIFORNIA, Infestations of TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) occurred in several south- easterm counties of TEXAS during the 1961 season. Populations of CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) ranged medium to heavy on Ficus retusa in San Diego and Los Angeles Counties, CALIFORNIA, the Los Angeles infestation spreading rapidly over that county this year. Rubbertrees are used extensively in landscaping in the southern portion of California and this thrips is very damaging to new growth on these host plants. THRIPS generally were particularly abundant in California during 1961, with populations ranging medium to heavy on native shrubs. Christmasberry and madrone trees were damaged and many ornamental shrubs became unsightly by midsummer, Frankliniella occidentalis was responsible for some damage in the cut-flower industry in California this year. Various species of thrips damaged roses in UTAH this season, but GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) caused below-normal damage in the State during 1961, while undetermined species of thrips were again very abundant in most cultivated and wildflower blossoms in Utah. - 325 - Undetermined species of GRASSHOPPERS defoliated peonies at Esmond, Benson County, NORTH DAKOTA; and caused occasional damage to ornamental trees and other orna- mentals in areas of CALIFORNIA, where populations were active, as well as causing some defoliation in the latter State. Also in California, EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) caused light to heavy, spotted damage in many locations from San Joaquin County northward. Ornamental trees and shrubs were damaged in California and the pest was particularly serious in flower gardens. European earwig caused usual widespread annoyance and moderate damage to ornamentals about homes and in gardens over UTAH during the 1961 season; and was also reported damaging and annoying in COLORADO during the season. SPRINGTAILS were common on house plants over CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, SPIDER MITES were troublesome and damaging in several areas of the Nation during the 1961 season, with damage being severe in many of these areas. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was: common on spruce in the Anchorage and Fairbanks areas of ALASKA this season, This mite severely damaged ornamentals and annuals in CALIFORNIA, causing complete defoliation of untreated hosts in Many areas, and was more severe this year in the State than for several years. Two-spotted spider mite damaged roses in UTAH and infested various ornamentals in COLORADO such as boxelder, Oregonholly, currant, cherry, peach, privet, cotoneaster and turf during the season, with infestations also being reported on roses in several areas of the State. Two-spotted spider mite was prevalent throughout WYOMING on most ornamentals, as usual, and damage was severe in many cases and cost of control was high, Heavy populations of this mite attacking perennial plants, roses and evergreen foundation plantings werecommon in many sections of NORTH DAKOTA during the 1961 season. Two-spotted spider mite continued as a common pest in nurseries and on ornamental plantings in OHIO during the 1961 season. This species and other spider mites were damaging to florist crops and to field ornamentals and nursery stock in NEW JERSEY, but populations in the field did not become sizeable until late July and August. Two-spotted spider mite was abundant locally on Taxus plantings in CONNECTICUT during the year; and moderate populations of the pest caused light damage in greenhouses in the South Portland area of Cumberland County, MAINE, during late July. SOUTHERN RED MITE (Oligonychus ilicis) on holly, and SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (O. unun- guis) on spruce, hemlock and other conifers were again troublesome in MARYLAND during the 1961 season. Infestations of spruce spider mite were heavy on spruce in Pawtucket, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, during July, and the mite continued to be a common pest in nurseries and on ornamental plantings in OHIO this season. Heavy populations of spruce spider mite attacking evergreen foundation plantings were common in many sections of NORTH DAKOTA during 1961; and heavy infestations of EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) developed on ornamental Prunus spp., miscellaneous shrubs and annuals in CALIFORNIA. Various other species of spider mites were also of some concern during the 1961 season. Eotetranychus lewisi infested a large number of poinsettia cuttings imported into OREGON in the fall for the 1961 holiday season. Eotetranychus libocedri heavily infested Pfitzer juniper in several locations of CALIFORNIA; and E, lewisi has become a serious pest of commercial poinsettias in the coastal area of San Diego County and on yard plantings in many locations in California. Medium populations of E, lewisi also developed on ornamental Ulmus sp. locally in Los Angeles County; “and heavy populations of Schizotetranychus | celarius developed on bamboo in San Diego County and in San Francisco, San Francisco County, California. Populations of spider mites varied light to heavy statewide in NEVADA during the 1961 season on broadleaf and evergreen shrubs and trees, requiring extensive control measures, This group of pests is becoming increasingly more numerous and injurious each year in this State. Medium to heavy infestations of several - 326 - species of spider mites occurred on various ornamental plantings throughout the summer and fall in ARIZONA; and the pests were a problem on junipers and other ornamentals in most sections of NEW MEXICO during 1961. Several species attacked a wide variety of ornamental plants locally throughout TEXAS and, by mid-May, infestations of Tetranychus spp. were becoming common on ornamental shrubs in many areas of OKLAHOMA, with moderate to heavy infestations continuing on a wide variety of flowers, shrubs and trees throughout the summer in that State. Tetranychus spp. were numerous on spruce in WISCONSIN during 1961, and various species of spider mites were again troublesome on many ornamentals during the year in MARYLAND. Heavy populations of PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) developed in Oroville, Butte County, CALIFORNIA, and scattered infestations of this pest occurred in other locations, primarily in northern California. Infestations of TIP-DWARF MITE (Eriophyes thujae) were reported in 63 nurseries in OHIO during the 1961 season; 59 of these nurseries were in the western half of the State, particularly in central and west central Ohio. Heavy populations of this eriophyid were reported during September on oriental arborvitae in the central part of the State. Also in Ohio, infestations of an AZALEA MITE (Vasates atlantazaleae) were reported in 39 nurseries out of a total of 43, predominantly in the northeastern area of the State. A PRIVET MITE (Aculus sp.) caused noticeable injury to privet foliage in Prince Georges County, MARYLAND, this year. CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was common on Africanviolets in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, and light to medium infestations were reported on aralia and Africanviolets in CALIFORNIA, MITES in general were damaging in CALIFORNIA during 1961, being active for most of the year, and populations of these pests damaged cymbidiums during May in coastal Santa Barbara County. Weather during June in California remained at high daytime temperatures, with occasional drying winds. Severe mite damage resulted in defoliation and killing of many shrubs and annuals, with as many as 3-5 species of mites occurring on a single host. Various species of mites also infested a wide variety of plants throughout VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) continued to cause damage in nurseries and home gardens in the Willamette Valley of OREGON during 1961; and various slugs, particularly Arion ater, commonly damaged nursery stock in nurseries in the western part of the State during the year. Shade Tree Insects Highlights; FALL WEBWORM was unusually abundant in Washington, and second- generation infestations were more severe than those of first generation in New Mexico. This pest was common in eastern Texas and infestations were heavier than usual in Arkansas. Fall webworm was conspicuous in Virginia and unusually prevalent over New Hampshire. MIMOSA WEBWORM was damaging in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia and Illinois, as were CANKERWORMS in Colorado, North Dakota, Minnesota, New Jersey and Rhode Island. Several species of TENT CATERPILLARS were damaging in various areas during the 1961 season. ELM LEAF BEETLE infestations ranged light to heavy over the Nation during 1961, damage being severe in some areas; and several other LEAF BEETLES were troublesome on various hosts. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE was first reported from Minnesota and in Mineral and Douglas Counties, Nevada, during the past season. This beetle continued to spread Dutch elm disease in Indiana and, in combination with NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE, continued the spread of the disease in New Jersey. Various APHIDS infested and damaged shade trees to varying degrees, and SCALE INSECTS were of concern on these hosts in various areas during 1961. Several species of SAWFLIES were of concern in various sections Seat i= of the country. BIRCH LEAF MINER was economically damaging in several nurseries in Oregon and was a problem in nurseries in Minnesota and Ohio. This leaf miner caused extensive damage to gray birch in New Jersey, and was severe in Vermont and prevalent in New Hampshire during the year. ELM SAWFLY was noted for the first time in Racine County, Wisconsin, during 1961, and has been previously reported from only 4 other counties in the State. Various SPIDER MITES were damaging in several areas and ERIOPHYID MITES were also of some concern during the 1961 season on shade trees. DK KO IE OK 2 Ke Ie Ce 2g 2g a a 2 2s 2k > Various species of Lepidoptera infested and damaged shade trees over the Nation during the 1961 season. Of these, FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was unusually abundant in WASHINGTON during the year on forest and shade trees and ornamentals throughout the eastern and western slopes of the Cascade Mountains, the Puget Sound region and the southwestern portion of the State. Infestations of fall webworm in OREGON during 1961 did not reach the high peak attained during 1960. Adults were first collected in Salem on March 5 and were emerging in moderate numbers by mid-May. Fall webworm larvae were found June 29 and infestations declined after August 27. In NEW MEXICO, first and second=generation larvae of fall webworm defoliated pecan, mulberry, poplar and fruit trees throughout the State, with second-generation infestations being much more severe than those of the first generation. In TEXAS, damage by this pest was common on various shade trees in the eastern half of the State and, in ARKANSAS, infesta=— tions began early and were heavier than usual throughout the 1961 season. ‘Fall webworm was quite prevalent in MINNESOTA in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, and north to Grand Rapids in Itasca County during the 1961 season. The pest was abundant in many areas of ILLINOIS and was conspicuous in INDIANA on walnut, cherry and other deciduous trees inGreene, Dubois, Spencer, Owen and Pike Counties during early August. Fall webworm was very conspicuous over VIRGINIA during 1961, particularly on sour= wood, persimmon, pecan and walnut trees; but infestations were very light in most areas of RHODE ISLAND during the season. The pest was unusually prevalent every- where in NEW HAMPSHIRE this year; and webs began to appear on hardwoods in Kenne- bec County, MAINE, by July 15, with light numbers causing light damage to apple trees in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties by August 4. MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) developed late in 1961 in NEW JERSEY to cause heavy damage to honeylocust and Moraine locust trees during August and September, Honeylocust and Moraine locust trees were completely defoliated in some areas of southwestern PENNSYLVANIA, and severe defoliation of Moraine locusts in street plantings in some towns and cities in this area of the State caused some concern. Mimosa webworm was again severe on unprotected mimosa and honeylocust in all sections of MARYLAND, and the pest infested mimosa and honeylocust in many locali- ties over VIRGINIA during the 1961 season. Infestations of this pest ranged light to heavy on mimosa in GEORGIA. The first brood of mimosa webworm was relatively light this season in MISSOURI, but heavy populations of the second brood injured foliage of honeylocust and mimosa in central and southern areas of the State. Infestations of mimosa webworm were extremely heavy on honeylocust trees over the entire southern half of ILLINOIS, with most trees completely brown and covered with silk by mid-August. This pest was recorded for the first time in Montgomery County during 1961. Of the 65 nursery infestations of mimosa webworm reported in OHIO during the 1961 season, 61 were in the central and southwestern parts of the State; the remaining infested nurseries were in the southeast area. Infestations of this pest continued to be confined, for the most part, to the counties that were infested in the State during 1960. There was a report of infested material being received from a resident of Dover, Tuscarawas County, and there was an unconfirmed report of an infestation on a residential property in Lake County, Ohio. (See map on following page). = 328 - Distribution of Mimosa Webworm cee aa A —_ KP W Map compiled in Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Resoarch Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, from all available State and Federal records. a at a December 31, 1961 FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) infested ornamental apple trees in Denver, COLORADO,- with infestations also reported on various other trees and shrubs. SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata), after 3 years of causing extensive injury to elm, hackberry and locust in areas of KANSAS, was not reported during 1961 from any community except Kansas City and adjacent Wyandotte County. This reduction may have been due to a natural decline and/or extensive controls carried out by many eastern communities in the State. Dormant sprays for Dutch elm disease have been extremely effective in controlling spring cankerworn. Moderate to severe populations of spring cankerworm and fall cankerworm defo- liated native and cultivated shade trees in many sections of NORTH DAKOTA during the 1961 season, with populations of these pests reaching outbreak proportions in many communities of the State. Various species of CANKERWORMS appear to be increasing in MINNESOTA and were reported causing severe defoliation of farm groves in the west central district of the State. Some defoliation by these pests was also reported in the Twin City area of Minnesota during the past season. Spring cankerworm and fall cankerworm were abundant on municipal trees, as well as forest trees, in NEW JERSEY in the spring of 1961, and various species of cankerworms caused near defoliation of oaks locally in the Cranston area of Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, by May 31. LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) was taken at lights in NEW HAMPSHIRE during November 1961, indicating some possibility of local outbreaks during the 1962 season. A SPEAR-MARKED BLACK MOTH (Eulype hastata) rolled leaves of birch and aspen trees in ALASKA, but not as severely as in past years; and an undetermined NOCTUID that rolls leaves was a main problem on delphinium in most of that State during the 1961 season, = 329 - TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) were very prevalent during the 1961 season in CALIFORNIA, defoliating willow, ceanothus and some wild Prunus spp. Tent cater- pillars began hatching in the Willamette Valley of OREGON the week of April 9, but unfavorable weather hampered larval development during April and resulting infes-— tations were subnormal. GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) caused conspicuous injury in Washington and Kane Counties, UTAH, during the 1961 season; and this species, or a closely related species, damaged poplars in San Juan and Grand Counties in that State. Although a moderate forest and shrub pest in most canyons in Utah, FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (M. disstria) caused only occasional damage to maple, ash, apple and shrubs about communities in the State during 1961. In COLORADO, the pest infested elms in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties, willow and cottonwood in Denver and Larimer Counties, and ornamental apples in Denver. Forest tent cater- pillar partially defoliated various trees in central and west central counties of TEXAS, and there was some indication of a population buildup of the pest in the Lower Peninsula of MICHIGAN, north of a line from Muskegon to Bay City. Forest tent caterpillar was more abundant on oaks and maples in New Castle and Kent Counties, DELAWARE, during April and May than for the past few years, and infes- tation was heavy in an area of Salem County, NEW JERSEY. In MAINE, heavy numbers of forest tent caterpillar occurred on shade trees in the Farmington and Wilton areas of Franklin County, with severe damage; and heavy populations caused heavy damage in Mapleton, Aroostook County, during the season, Also in MAINE, small tents of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (M. americanum) were common on cherry and apple trees in Kennebec County and along roadsides in Cumberland, Penebscot, Kennebec, York and Oxford Counties by late May. Light infestations were also present on apple and cherry by early June in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties. Eastern tent caterpillar was spotty in appearance over VERMONT. Tents of this pest appeared heavy locally in Providence, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, very scattered in the remainder of the State and were virtually absent in southern areas, Eastern tent caterpillar was first observed in Rhode Island about May 10. Eastern tent caterpillar was very light in NEW JERSEY during the spring of the year, but was very conspicuous throughout VIRGINIA during the spring and summer, especially on wild cherry. Infestations were about average this year in GEORGIA, where much defoliation of native cherry trees occurred. Larvae of eastern tent caterpillar were common on wild cherry in most areas of INDIANA in May, with defoliation being quite extensive in many instances; and small nests were observed throughout southern ILLINOIS April 25-27 and in the northern area of the State May 1-4. Many wild cherry trees were defoliated by May 15-25. Eastern tent caterpillar caused concern in the eastern three-fourths of TEXAS during the 1961 season, WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) was commonly reported from the southern half of MINNESOTA this year, and was again abundant during 1961 in the northern two-thirds of ILLINOIS where walnut trees in the northern half of the State have been defoliated each year for the past 5 years. In INDIANA, walnut caterpillar defoliated walnut trees in Madison County in late July. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) fed heavily in CALIFORNIA on oak in Paradise, Butte County, and on sumac in San Diego County; and the pest caused occasional local damage to various plants in VIRGINIA this season. NOTODONTIDS (Datana spp.) attacked oak trees in the eastern half of TEXAS; and scattered infestations of VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) were rather common during October 1961 in ARKANSAS, as they were during the 1960 season. In MARYLAND, larvae of POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) caused noticeable injury to poplars at localities in Harford, Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. LEOPARD MOTH (Zeuzera pyrina) was reported in CONNECTICUT from Cheshire, New Haven County, and from Storrs, Tolland County, and several severe infestations of CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) were reported on ash from several areas of NORTH DAKOTA during the season. MAPLE TRUMPET SKELETONIZER (Epinotia aceri- ella) was unusually prevalent on rock maple in NEW HAMPSHIRE during 1961. - 330 - NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) caused occasional local damage to ornamental pine in VIRGINIA during the 1961 Season, and was considered the most important pest of ornamental pines this season in the southern portion of INDIANA, where increasing evidence of parasitism indicates that a natural balance may eventually exist. Also in Virginia, PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) caused occasional damage to ornamental pines locally. Eggs, larvae and adults of MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) were abundant in Curry and southern Lea Counties, NEW MEXICO; and larvae defoliated shade trees, causing considerable damage at Clovis and Hobbs. The pest infested elms in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties, COLORADO, and attacked Chinese elms in many southern counties of CALIFORNIA during the 1961 season, Scattered populations of an unde- termined species of SPINY ELM CATERPILLAR defoliated Siberian elms in many commu- nities in NORTH DAKOTA this season. Several other species of Lepidoptera were of concern during 1961. SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) was numerous in many areas of MAINE, causing moderate damage to willows in Orono, Penobscot County, and severe damage to poplars in the Guilford area of Piscataquis County and in the Lincoln area of Penobscot County. SOLITARY OAK LEAF MINER (Cameraria hamadryadella) was prevalent on oaks generally in NEW HAMPSHIRE during the 1961 season; and OAK LEAF MINERS (Cameraria spp.) were very abundant and widespread during 1961 in VIRGINIA, especially in northern and central areas of the State. Also in Virginia, larvae of CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) were abundant on catalpa at a few locations. A heavy buildup of ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) occurred late in the season in Ocean, Atlantic, Cape May and other southern counties of NEW JERSEY. ASH BORER (Podosesia syringae fraxini) killed a large ash tree in Tippecanoe County, INDIANA, this season; and WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) was reported heavy on elm in certain localized sections of the Twin Cities area of MINNESOTA, FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) infested ornamental apple trees in Denver, COLORADO, and infesta- tions were severe on many trees and shrubs throughout WYOMING, with more damage occurring during the 1961 season than during 1960 in that State. Several infestations of fruit-tree leaf roller occurred on California live oak in scattered locations over southern and central portions of CALIFORNIA this season. Heavy populations of a SHIELD BEARER (Coptodisca sp.) damaged poplar foliage in central ARIZONA and in Yuma and Mohave Counties during the summer of 1961; and a NOCTUID (Oncocnemis punctilinea) varied light to heavy during April in Clark County, NEVADA, where it caused partial defoliation of many ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Infestations of various species of LEAF MINERS were noted on poplar, cottonwood and birch in scattered communities over UTAH during the 1961 season; and an undetermined species attacked foliage of pyramidal English oak in Tippe- canoe County, INDIANA, this season. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) infestations ranged light to heavy over the Nation during 1961 and damage was severe in some areas. Local infesta- tions in southern MAINE ranged moderate to heavy and damage was light to moderate by June 30. Elm leaf beetle populations were moderately heavy on untreated elms throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE and were prevalent in VERMONT this season. Larvae caused severe foliage injury to several large elms in southern Queen Annes County, MARYLAND, and were occasionally damaging locally to elm in VIRGINIA. Elm leaf beetle was general throughout GEORGIA during the 1961 season and caused much defoliation, Elm leaf beetle again caused heavy damage to Chinese elms in many areas of INDIANA and was very abundant in the southern half of ILLINOIS, causing premature browning and dropping of many elm leaves. First-generation damage by elm leaf beetle began appearing in central and southern areas of MISSOURI during late June; and in early July, second-generation adults were active, with heavy egg deposition occurring. Through July, August and September, late broods of this chrysomelid heavily infested elms throughout the State and completely defoliated trees were evident in any area of the State, In late September, adults caused considerable trouble =—F33i = to homeowners in Missouri by entering houses to hibernate. Elm leaf beetle was on the increase in KANSAS during the 1961 season. Adults of this leaf beetle were becoming active in hibernation quarters in OKLAHOMA by mid-February, and by mid-March were attacking elm trees in the Hughes County area. Populations increased until heavy to severe damage was reported in most parts of the State by August, with complete defoliation occurring in several areas. This was the fourth consecutive year of heavy outbreaks in Oklahoma and the pest extended over the entire State, with the exception of the panhandle area, Elm leaf beetle infestations were heavier and more widely spread during the 1961 season than during 1960 in ARKANSAS; and the pest infested elms in TEXAS, with wide- spread damage occurring in the western and panhandle areas. Heavy populations of elm leaf beetle defoliated elms in the St. Johns area of Apache County, ARIZONA, and in the central area of the State during the summer and early fall. A light infestation at Prescott, Yavapai County, was the first known occurrence of elm leaf beetle in that county. Elm leaf beetle caused considerable defoliation of elms in Mesa County, COLORADO, during the 1961 season; but was less destructive to elm foliage in parts of Salt Lake, Utah and Weber Counties, UTAH, than during 1960. The pest also occurred in Cache County, Utah, during 1961. Statewide infestations of elm leaf beetle in IDAHO appeared to be lower during 1961 than for the past 6 years. Adult flights reportedly reached their peak in the Twin Falls area of the State the night of July 17. Damage to elms throughout OREGON continued at a high level during 1961, with complete defoliation of trees occurring near Eugene, Lane County, and Medford, Jackson County. In NEVADA, elm leaf beetle was recorded for the first time in Eureka County at Beowawe and in Lander County at Austin during August and Sep- tember. Damage to untreated or improperly treated trees was severe in those counties of Nevada where it presently occurs. Heavy populations of elm leaf beetle in many locations over CALIFORNIA required considerable chemical control during the 1961 season, Distribution of Elm Leaf Beetle Map compiled in Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service, U. S, Department of Agriculture, from all available State and Federal records. December 31, 1961 = 332) = Several other LEAF BEETLES were troublesome to various hosts during the season. ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) increased as separate infestations in KANSAS during 1961, centered in Manhattan, Riley County; Concordia, Cloud County; Hutchinson, Reno County; Kingman, Kingman County; and Pratt, Pratt County. LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) caused browning of leaves of black locust in Knox andGreene Counties, INDIANA, and was reported abundant in the southeastern part of the State during the season, IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) was troublesome in RHODE ISLAND, especially on weeping willow in the Providence area of Providence County during late May; and was severe on many weeping willows in all sections of MARYLAND during late June and July. Local, heavy infestations of a COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta complex) caused much defoliation in the Fort Valley area of Peach County, GEORGIA, and was extremely abundant on balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) in the northern part. of IDAHO during early June, with greatest infestations being encountered in the Spirit Lake area of Kootenai County. Defoliation by this pest was often severe. Anomoea laticlavia, which defoliated many honeylocusts in KANSAS during 1959 and 1960, particularly in nursery plantings, was reported only as scattered individuals during the 1961 season in that State; but adults of this species were abundant on honeylocust in a few spots in ILLINOIS during the year. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) infestations that received treatments during the 1961 season in CALIFORNIA were very light. However, local, heavy infestations in other areas caused the loss of limbs and of trees. No Dutch elm disease has yet been found in California. In NEVADA, this beetle was found at Hawthorne, Mineral County, and at Gardner- ville, Douglas County, which were new records for these 2 counties during 1961, This primary vector of Dutch elm disease was found in MINNESOTA for the first time during the 1961 season, when live larvae and adults were found in elm wood in St. Paul, Ramsey County, and typical galleries were found in a boulevard tree. Adults of smaller European elm bark beetle began emerging in WISCONSIN Distribution of Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle a : CU | a X } G ie a J “Wo \ . ¥ \\ \ NX \ ww | WW \\\ w AHW a) \\s \ WAS wa s WD \\ \ ction Operations, icultural Research from , 1961 ye ra) 27383) = June 4-5, about 3 weeks later than during 1960. Second-generation adults emerged in southeastern counties of Wisconsin during the last week of July. Smaller European elm bark beetle continued very important in INDIANA during 1961 because of the continuing spread of Dutch elm disease, particularly in the northern quarter of the State. Both smaller European elm bark beetle and NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) continued to spread Dutch elm idsease in NEW JERSEY during the 1961 season, resulting in the death of more American elms during the year, SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) infested a few hundred acres of ornamental and Virginia pines in the southeastern portion of Sussex County, DELAWARE, during the 1961 season, causing moderate injury throughout the area. In ARIZONA, an ENGRAVER BEETLE (Ips sp.) was heavy in some pines in Prescott, Yavapai County, this year. Although TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) was very common in CONNECTICUT during 1960, none were seen in the State during the 1961 season. However, TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) occasionally damaged hickory and pecan in local areas of VIRGINIA during the season, and damaging populations occurred in the eastern half of OKLAHOMA during October and November, Infestations of this pest on elms, pecans and hickory in Oklahoma during 1961 appeared to be the heaviest in several years. Adults of COTTONWOOD BORER (Plectodera scalator) and POPLAR BORER (Saperda calcarata) were observed emerging and flying during the second week of June in the Albuquerque area of Bernalillo County, NEW MEXICO; and an undetermined species of CHRYSOMELID BEETLE infested willow and cottonwood trees in Kit Carson County, COLORADO, this year. Damage by LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) was again very severe in Salt Lake County, UTAH, this season, with many desirable shade trees being damaged or killed; and FL FLATHEADED and ROUNDHEADED WOOD BORERS caused some damage to maple, ash, poplar and willow trees in the State this season, Adults of WILLOW FLEA BEETLE (Rhynchaenus rufipes) were abundant on willow in the Wakefield area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, during late June; and WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) was occasionally damaging to ornamental conifers locally in VIRGINIA this season. Adults of POPLAR-AND-WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi i) were common on poplars in most areas of northern IDAHO during July; and a BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pardalis) defoliated shade trees about some ranch headquarters in Pima County, ARIZONA, during June and July. Various species of APHIDS infested and damaged shade trees to varying degrees during the 1961 season. Numerous infestations of WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Proci- philus tessellatus) were reported on maple during 1961 in VIRGINIA; and ELM COCKSCOMB GALL (Colopha ulmicola) was occasionally damaging to elm locally in the State. In MONTANA, ELM LEAF APHID (Myzus ulmifolii) was damaging in Lincoln, Rosebud and Yellowstone Counties; and POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) was abundant on trees in Cascade, Lewis and Clark, Fallon and Chouteau Counties during the 1961 season. Also in Montana, POPLAR VAGABOND APHID (Mordwilkoja vagabunda) infested cottonwood trees in Livingston, Park County,during September, Galls of poplar vagabond aphid were numerous on many poplar trees throughout WYOMING, but little was done to control the pest; and galls caused by the aphid were sometimes very conspicuous in UTAH, particularly in parts of the Uintah Basin, Rich, Washington and Kane Counties. NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) caused normal damage in Utah during the 1961 season and became extremely abundant in the Moscow area of Latah County, IDAHO, during June, with nearly all maples in this area dripping freely during that period, Infestations of this aphid were generally severe on maples also in the northwestern part of Idaho during May and June and, by July 7, a large percentage of the population in the Moscow area was in the winged stage. Heavy populations of PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifoliae) developed on silver maple in Riverside County, CALIFORNIA, and light populations were present in local areas in the southern part of the State. Light to heavy infestations —- 334 - of WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) developed on walnut trees in California, with street plantings becoming a nuisance in many areas due to heavy honeydew production. Native walnuts were also infested by this species in the State. Infestations of WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) occurred on elms in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties, COLORADO, during the 1961 season. Although WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) waS commonly damaging in UTAH during 1961, it was also heavily parasitized, Light infestations of this aphid also occurred on elms in South Kingstown, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, during June. Several other aphids were also of concern during the 1961 season. lLachnus salignus was very abundant on weeping willow in PENNSYLVANIA, causing much honeydew which attracted large numbers of wasps. Various species of aphids were very abundant throughout VIRGINIA during 1961, with reports of infesta- tions on hickory and elm being numerous. Numerous infestations of Lachnus salignus occurred on willow also during the season in Virginia. Heavy numbers of a bark-feeding aphid, probably Longistigma sp., appeared on oaks in the Houston-Beaumont area of TEXAS, and various species of aphids were generally more numerous on trees in ARKANSAS during 1961 than in 1960, with Drepanaphis sp. infesting maple and Lachnus salignus infesting weeping willow. GIANT BARK APHID (Longistigma caryae) was quite plentiful in WISCONSIN during 1961 on willows; and Pterocomma smithiae infested willow and cottonwood in Bent County, COLORADO. Aphids caused moderate trouble in UTAH this season, especially during the spring, on maples, boxelder, elms, ash, poplar, willow and other shade trees, with infestations of Drepanaphis utahensis being high in the canyons in the northern and central areas of the State. Prociphilus fraxinifolii and several other species of aphids caused normal damage in Utah during 1961; and various species were occasionally abundant, especially during the fall, on beech at Logan, Cache County, as well as on maple, poplar, willow and linden. Leaves folded by Thecabius populiconduplifolius and beaded galls of T. populimonilis were commonest on poplars in northern counties of Utah; and Lachnus salignus was severe on weeping willows in a few localities of the State. COWPEA APHID (Aphis sp., probably craccivora) heavily infested locust (Robinia sp.) in Clark County, NEVADA, during April of this year. Aphids were generally very abundant on shade trees in CALIFORNIA this season and considerable honeydew on street trees was a nuisance. Prociphilus fraxinifolii became severe on ash trees by midsummer, causing an unsightly appearance. Aphids, along with disease, were very damaging to ash trees in California this season. Infestations of Pemphigus populicaulis occurred on poplar trees in many locations in the State, and populations developed to medium levels in Humboldt County. Prociphilus sp. was particularly heavy on ash trees in San Joaquin County,and locally in many plantings in the northern part of California during the 1961 season. Heavy populations of a PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera popularia) damaged poplar trees in the Alamogordo area of Otero County, NEW MEXICO, during June. A WOOLLY LARCH APHID (Chermes strobilobius) was quite plentiful during 1961 in WISCONSIN; and PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) was reported as numerous on ornamental conifers in VIRGINIA during the year. Adults of SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) became very abundant locally in RHODE ISLAND on sycamore in Providence, Providence County, in mid-September. Sycamore lace bug was also abundant and damaging late in the 1961 season in NEW JERSEY, and lightly damaged sycamores in the southern part of TEXAS. An ASH TINGID (Leptophya minor) occurred in locally heavy infestations on ash trees in the San Joaquin Valley of CALIFORNIA. Heavy infestations of undetermined species of LACE BUGS were widespread on elm, ash and oak in eastern NORTH DAKOTA; and various species of these pests were heavier on elm and sycamore in ARKANSAS during 1961 than in 1960; LACE BUGS (Corythucha spp.) were abundant on oak, sycamore, walnut and pyracantha in many areas of VIRGINIA during the 1961 season, and were abundant and injurious on oak, sycamore and hawthorn in all sections of MARYLAND during most of the summer, = 335 = ASH PLANT BUG (Neoborus amoenus) was very abundant on ash in WISCONSIN during the 1961 season, particularly in the southeast quarter of the State. A SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera arizonana) was an extreme nuisance and caused some damage to acacia trees in San Diego and Los Angeles Counties, CALIFORNIA, and a COREID BUG (Lepto- coris rubrolineatus) was more prevalent in the State this year, infesting some shade trees, as well as becoming a pest in homes, in fruit trees and on dooryard shrubs. Also in California, LEAFHOPPER populations were abundant and high on some shade tres, with maples being particularly infested. However, apparently little damage resulted from these infestations. Discoloration of elm foliage, caused by various species of leafhoppers, was common but moderate in UTAH during the 1961 season. A LEAFHOPPER (Keonolla confluens) was common to abundant in south central and southwestern parts of IDAHO during late April and early May. A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) caused severe damage and dieback to acacia in CALIFORNIA. This pest has become widespread in the State, and damage was particularly bad in 1961 due to low moisture. Heavy infestations of another PSYLLID (Euphyllura arbuti) occurred on madrone trees in Marin County, with trees becoming unsightly by midsummer. Light infestations of a WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes sp.) occurred on mulberry, ash and carob trees in central and southwestern ARIZONA during the summer of 1961. SCALE INSECTS were of concern on shade trees in various areas during the year. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was severe locally on walnut trees in CALIFORNIA and was exceedingly abundant on blue ash in the Twin Falls area of IDAHO during early May. Blue ash is generally considered to be relatively immune to attack by most insect pests. Oystershell scale was frequently injuri- ous in UTAH, especially to ash, poplar and willow, and caused heavy damage to trees in WYOMING during 1961, but controls, when properly applied, were generally effective in the latter State. Infestations of oystershell scale on elm and maple in MARYLAND were of major concern during the 1961 season, as were infes- tations of OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) on oaks in the State. Obscure scale was also a serious and general problem on pin oak trees throughout NEW JERSEY. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) infestations on various | species of ornamental pines in MARYLAND were of major concern during the 1961 season, Damaging numbers of pine needle scale were reported in the Denver area of COLORADO in early June; and infestations were present during September and October on spruce, pine and juniper in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties. Pine needle scale caused local damage during 1961 in UTAH, where infestations were generally below normal; and the pest heavily damaged trees and ornamentals in WYOMING, with controls being generally effective when properly applied. ELM SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis americana) heavily infested scattered elms in Runnels County, TEXAS, this season. First crawlers of Aspidiotus liquidambaris of the season in MISSOURI were noted in the St. Louis area in early May, and light to moderate infestations were noted in the Kansas City and St. Louis areas through- out the season. In ILLINOIS, this armored scale is becoming more widespread and abundant on sweetgum trees. A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium minus) was reported for the first time from NORTH CAROLINA during the 1961 season, when it was found March 20 on Quercus sp. in Madison County. Determination was made by L.M. Russell. Spotted, local infestations of CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) occurred throughout CALIFORNIA on various hosts, with many shade trees also infested, and a medium infestation of FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) occurred on Modesto ash in Maxwell, Colusa County. Also in California, medium to heavy populations of EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) occurred on elms in many locations. Euro- pean elm scale was commonly damaging in UTAH this season, and heavily damaged shade trees and ornamentals in WYOMING. However, controls were generally effec- tive in the latter State when properly applied. European elm scale infested elms in all areas of COLORADO during 1961 and, in the western part of KANSAS, crawlers emerged during the period June 13-18. Infestations in Kansas continued to cause dieback of branches and black, sticky foliage and bark. European elm - 336 - scale was reported somewhat more frequently in MINNESOTA during 1961 and appar- ently is more injurious than EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni), which continued to be a problem in many municipalities in the State during 1961. Occasional buildups of this pest occurred on shade trees such as maple in CALIFORNIA. COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was abundant on maples in the southwestern area of IDAHO and in many other areas of the State this year. Populations in the northern part of the State appeared to be greater than in the past few years and more abundant than in previous years in the Black- foot area of Bingham County and Idaho Falls area of Bonneville County. In UTAH, cottony maple scale was below average during 1961, but did cause some local damage. Infestations of TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) were scattered but severe on tulip-poplar in OHIO this season. In MARYLAND, infestations of Ceroplastes sp. and Fiorinia externa on hemlock were of major concern during 1961. A MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus acericola) was extremely heavy on leaves and branches of maple in Providence, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, in early September. An OAK KERMES SCALE (Kermes pubescens) was heavy on several bur oak trees in Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, INDIANA, with crawlers hatching in mid-July; and the pest increased on post oak and bur oak in southeastern KANSAS during the 1961 season. COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was common on mimosa in various areas of TEXAS during the year. THRIPS were particularly abundant in CALIFORNIA during the season, with popula-— tions ranging medium to heavy on some trees. Pseudodendrothrips mori, first found in ILLINOIS 2 years ago, was common on introduced mulberry trees in that State during 1961, but none were found on native mulberry. Several species of SAWFLIES were of concern on shade trees in various sections of the country this year. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) adults emerged in nurseries in the Portland area of Multnomah County, OREGON, on April 20. Economic damage occurred in several nurseries where thousands of young trees were infested, nearly every leaf having one or more mines. This leaf miner was also found in elm plantings in Woodburn, Marion County, on June 21. Birch leaf miner continued to be a troublesome problem in nurseries in MINNESOTA this year; and, of a total of 76 nursery infestations reported in OHIO during the 1961 season, 68 occurred in the northeastern portion of that State. The first small mines of birch leaf miner for this season in DELAWARE were noted on birch by May 12. First and succeeding generations were apparently very numerous in the State, as evidenced by heavy infestations throughout most of the summer, particularly in New Castle County. First and second generations of birch leaf miner caused extensive damage to gray birch in NEW JERSEY; and the pest was very common and abundant in CONNEC- TICUT during 1961. Birch leaf miner adults were first observed in RHODE ISLAND on May 11 in the Kingston area of Washington County. Pupation of the first generation occurred in mid-June, with second—generation adults emerging June 23. Birch leaf miner was severe in VERMONT this year, and was prevalent in NEW HAMPSHIRE, where extensive browning of birch foliage was evident by midsummer, In MAINE, birch leaf miner infestations and damage were moderate in Washington County and damage by this pest was severe in Oxford County. Very heavy damage occurred in Androscoggin, Sagadahoc and Piscataquis Counties. Statewide, infes-— tations on birch range moderate to heavy and damage light to heavy. Adults of birch leaf miner were still flying in abundance and apparently depositing on birch in Kennebec County, Maine, on July 26. In MAINE, moderate populations of ELM LEAF MINER (Fenusa ulmi) caused light damage to English elm in Manchester, Kennebec County, in June; light infestations of LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) occurred on birch in local areas of Washington County by July 17; and local, moderate populations of MOUNTAIN-ASH SAWFLY (Pristiphora geniculata) caused light damage to ornamental mountain-ash by July 6. Mountain-ash sawfly also defoliated ornamental mountain-—ash in urban areas of VERMONT during the 1961 season. In the Newport area of Newport County, - 337 - RHODE ISLAND, infestations of PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) were observed on jmountain—ash and larval infestations of WILLOW SAWFLY (Nematus ventralis) were present on willow. Also in Rhode Island, an infestation of a WEB-SPINNING SAWFLY (Neurotoma fasciata) occurred in Gloucester, Providence County, during early June. The first-known nursery infestation of another WEB-SPINNING SAWFLY (Acantholyda sp.) in OHIO was found in the central part of the State during the 1961 season. In 1960, several miles from this nursery, a white pine planting was found infested by what was later determined to be Acantholyda zappei, a native species of web- spinning sawfly. Examination of this planting in early August, and again in October, revealed what appeared to be 2 types of larvae and prepupae. Rearing attempts will be undertaken during the spring of 1962 to determine if a second species is present. This infestation in Licking County was again severe during June 1961. ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) was noted in Racine County, WISCONSIN, for the first time during 1961, and has been reported from only 4 other counties in the State. Severe populations of this sawfly were reported defoliating elm at Carson, Grant County, NORTH DAKOTA, during the 1961 season. Damaging populations of two species of GALL WASPS, Neuroterus saltatorius and Bassetia ligni, were present on white oak in the western portion of OREGON this past season. BALSAM GALL MIDGE (Cecidomyia balsamicola) was less troublesome in NEW HAMPSHIRE during the 1961 season than during 1960. A GALL MIDGE (Dasyneura gleditschiae) was present throughout the summer of 1961 in nursery stock and on shade trees in NEW JERSEY; and another GALL MIDGE (D. communis) was somewhat prevalent on maple shade trees in the State this season. WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) occurred on street trees and walnut stands in many locations of CALIFORNIA this year. GALLS caused by insects and mites were common on many shade trees in CONNECTICUT during the 1961 season, Various SPIDER MITES were damaging to shade trees in several areas during the year. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was prevalent as usual throughout WYOMING on most shade trees, with damage severe in many cases and control costs high, Infestations of this spider mite occurred on all evergreens in COLORADO in late June and during the first 2 weeks of August. Infestations were also reported on spruce, pine and juniper in September and October in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties. Two-spotted spider mite severely damaged shade trees and caused complete defoliation of untreated hosts in many areas of CALIFORNIA this season. This pest was more severe in the State this year than for several years. Heavy infestations of EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) developed on elm trees this year, also in California. Medium to heavy infestations of several species of SPIDER MITES occurred on some mulberry and ash shade trees in ARIZONA during the past season. Eotetranychus weldoni caused substantial late-summer discoloration to weeping willow, black willow and other willow foliage in many areas of UTAH; infestations of Bryobia rubrioculus were reported on spruce, pine and juniper during September and October in Denver, Adams and Larimer Counties, COLORADO. Populations of several species of spider mites were about normal in MINNESOTA during the 1961 season. Eotetranychus multidigituli heavily damaged locust trees in the northeastern portion of ILLINOIS, and caused defoliation of ornamental thornless honeylocust trees in many areas of INDIANA during 1961. Moderate infestations of Oligonychus aceris occurred on silver maple in Wayne County, OHIO, during August, and E. multidigituli was unusually abundant on thornless honeylocust in the northeastern area of Ohio. ERIOPHYID MITES were also of some concern during the 1961 season on shade trees. MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) developed light to moderate infes- tations locally throughout RHODE ISLAND during mid-June; and infestations of this pest occurred in 97 nurseries out of a total of 113 reporting from the western = 338 - half of OHIO. Heavy infestations of maple bladder-gall mite occurred in INDIANA on silver maple trees in Crawfordsville, Montgomery County; Fort Wayne, Allen County; and Lebanon, Boone County, during the 1961 season. ERIOPHYID MITES were reported in increasing numbers from terminal growth of various shade trees in MINNESOTA this year, and an undetermined species has become exceedingly abundant and damaging to cottonwood trees throughout north— ern, central and eastern portions of MONTANA, with many trees having been killed. In UTAH, Aceria parapopuli caused severe damage at Woodruff, Rich County; Delta, Millard County; Manila, Daggett County; throughout the Uintah Basin in the northern portion of the State; and was encountered in Davis and Salt Lake Coun- ties during the year. In CALIFORNIA, Aceria mackiei was heavy on Quercus agrifolia in Vallejo, Solano County. MITES were generally active and damaging throughout the 1961 season in CALIFORNIA. Weather during June remained at high daytime temperatures, with occasional drying winds. Severe mite damage caused slow, continuous defoliation of street trees, with as many as 3-5 species occurring on a single host in California during the 1961 season. Ny : ah ‘ payac st tyey OMAR od san GRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does roi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 April 13, 1962 Number 15 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS BROWN WHEAT MITE damage reported in areas of New Mexico and Texas and populations light to medium in southwest Oklahoma. Also present in several Colorado counties. ALFALFA WEEVIL active in Colorado, Utah and Wyoming; controls underway or com- pleted in areas of two former States. First cutting of untreated alfalfa in Talladega and Chambers Counties, Alabama, will probably be completely destroyed by alfalfa weevil larvae. (p. 342). PEA APHID heavy in most Arizona alfalfa and controls contemplated on vetch in Hunt County, Texas;. also reported active in Nevada, Utah, Kansas, Oklahoma and Maryland. ARMY CUTWORM causing damage to several crops in New Mexico and over large portion of central Texas; larvae present in wheat in several Colorado counties and in 2 Wyoming counties. Acti- vity also continues in western half of Oklahoma. (p. 343). Larvae of SPRING CANKERWORM damaging flower buds of apple in Payne County, Oklahoma, and over- wintering eggs of GREEN PEACH APHID 50 percent more numerous than in 1961 on peach trees in western Colorado. (p. 344). First instars of POTATO PSYLLID 8-10 per leaf on potato in many central Arizona fields; serious damage may occur if controls are not applied. (p. 346). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR moderate to heavy on oaks throughout several central Texas counties; and egg masses of a BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca nevadensis) abundant on cottonwood: trees not treated in 1961 at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. (p. 347). SHEEP KED reported general in Wisconsin and averaged 30 per animal in flock of 1,000 sheep in Wabaunsee County, Kansas. HORSE BITING LOUSE heavy on horses in Osage County, Oklahoma. (p. 350). SOME FIRST SEASONAL REPORTS CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae in Illinois and adults in California and Utah; CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO adults in Maryland and Washington; LYGUS BUGS in Idaho; LEAFHOPPERS (Aceratagallia spp.) in Utah and Wyoming; MEADOW SPITTLEBUG nymphs in Maryland; APPLE APHID in Oregon, Indiana, Maryland and Connecticut; PLUM CURCULIO adults in Georgia; a FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) in Colorado; TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE in California; BEET LEAFHOPPER nymphs in California; PEAR PSYLLA eggs in Connecticut; and BLACK CHERRY APHID in Connecticut. FORECASTS CITRUS INSECT and MITE outlook in Florida, April through June, is given. (p. 345). A number of forest insects are expected to be serious in 1962 and suppression of infestations is planned for many of them. Those that appear to be of major importance are MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE, WESTERN PINE BEETLE, SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE, SPRUCE BUDWORM and ELM SPANWORM. In addition, several defoliating insects are expected to be heavier than in 1961. Those of greatest importance are PINE TUSSOCK MOTH in Minnesota and Wisconsin and WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER in western Oregon. CANKERWORMS and LINDEN LOOPER are expected to be heavy in areas of the East, and FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR will again cause severe defoliation of several hardwoods in Louisiana and Alabama unless natural factors intervene. DETECTION New State records reported were a GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus discolor) in Nebraska (p. 342) and a COCCID (Newsteadia americana) in Pennsylvania (p. 348). PEAR PSYLLA was recorded in San Diego County, California; a new county and the south- ernmost infestation in the State. (p. 344). (Continued on page 340). - 340 - SPECIAL REPORTS Summary of Insect Conditions - 1961 (continued) FOREST INSECTS - (p. 354). CORRECTION and ADDITIONAL NOTES See pages 352 and 353 Reports in this issue are for week ending April 6, unless otherwise indicated AE IK A AC A 2 2K 2K 2 2k > 2k 26 6 2K 2K OK WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 9 The week was cold in the central and southeastern portions of the Nation, and in the coastal area of Washington, with normal or above averages elsewhere. As the period progressed, temperatures warmed in southern and coastal areas and the freezing line was pushed inland, but not before Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, recorded 24° on the 4th to equal the record low there for that date. Skies held clear for much warming in the Southwest and temperatures reached into the 90's in interior desert regions on the last 4 days. On the final day of the period, stations in southern Texas observed the mercury over the 90° mark, although temperatures averaged much below normal in most of that State. Dallas had 9° less than normal for one of the greatest departures in the Nation. On the warm side of the ledger, the deserts of the Far Southwest and the northern portion of Maine registered the largest positive departures. Cool, dry weather was general as the period opened, but as it progressed, much of the country was covered by variable amounts of precipitation. Most of California, Arizona, southern Nevada and the upper reaches of the Colorado River received no rain at all. Only very light amounts fell in New Mexico and southern Colorado and from Kansas northward through the Missouri Valley. ‘A large high pressure area dominated the East from the Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic coast until midperiod, when a weak disturbance in the western Gulf area caused rain to spread northward through most of Texas and into Wisconsin and Michigan, As this disturbance moved northeastward, showers and thunderstorms spread into the Appalachian and Atlantic Coast States. Following behind this small storm was a deeper and more severe storm which had moved from the Pacific Northwest, leaving some snow in the Rockies and northern Plains. On the final 2 days of the period, this storm left up to 12 inches of snow at International Falls, Minnesota, and lighter amounts in the surrounding area. A trailing cold front set off thunderstorms and showers down through Illinois and Arkansas. The Pacific Northwest received significant precipitation nearly every day during the period. The greatest amount, however, fell in southern Mississippi where D'Lo had 5.04 inches, and sections of the southern Appalachians received over 2 inches to further increase the already high soil moisture in much of that area. Precipitation in the central Plateau and central Rocky Mountain areas fell in the form of light, scattered showers, and high winds caused some damage to farm installations in Utah, Snow cover is gone east of the Rockies, except in a few extreme northern sections, particularly shaded and wooded areas. Much of the mountain area of the West still has large amounts of snow on the ground. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). - 341 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light in most fields checked in Quay and Curry Counties. Averaged 6-8 per linear foot in fields near San Jon, Quay County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Dry weather and slow growth of wheat in panhandle area increasing amount of apparent damage by this pest. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations continue at levels reported in CEIR 12(14):305. Noneconomic populations observed in all north central counties surveyed. Counts in Payne County noneconomic, except one field with up to 50 per linear foot. No evidence of "greenbug spots." Populations in southwest remain light; counts per foot ranged 5-40 in Tillman, 8-35 in Kiowa and 2-40 in Washita Counties. Only limited control applied in Grandfield area, Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Found only in Cowley County; less than 10 per 100 sweeps. (Peters). COLORADO - Not found in eastern part of State. (Jenkins). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Moderate on grain sorghum in Bee County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar). ARIZONA - Continues light to moderate on barley statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA — Heavy on barley in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA —- Occasional light populations of less than 10 per linear foot observed in wheat in Payne, Garfield and Grant Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - ARKANSAS - Populations extremely low in northwest for this time of year. Buildup probably held down by occasional cold nights; temperatures in mid-twenties 2 nights during week ending April 7. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Averaged 2-3 per 100 plants of grain sorghum in Bee County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Spring survival survey completed; average winter mortality was 64 percent. Borer reduction from all factors was lowest (56 percent) in Sussex County and highest (70 percent) in New Castle County. State average of 138 borers per 100 plants represents a high spring population. Average number of borers per 100 plants for fall of 1961 compared with spring of 1962, respectively, by county, were as follows: New Castle - 205 and 61; Kent - 523 and 178; Sussex - 399 and 176. The State average for the fall of 1961 was 375 compared with 138 for the spring of 1962. Pupation of overwinter- ing borers first noted April 3; averaged 5 percent in Sussex and under one percent in Kent Counties. (Burbutis). MISSOURI - Survey of corn fields in New Madrid County, March 29, indicated average overwintering larval population of 1,895 borers per acre. This is approximately the same number of larvae that went into the winter. Field work just beginning in area because of inclement conditions. Borer numbers usually reduced considerably by spring plowing. (Keaster). ILLINOIS - Survival survey completed April 5. Percent living forms, by section, was as follows: Northeast - 78; northwest - 78; west 65; central - 80 (only one field); east - 75; west-southwest - 88 (only one field). State average was 75 percent living forms. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -— Examination of harvested corn fields in southwest area revealed overwintering mortality of 17 percent. Many fields showed high predation of larvae by birds. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Percent winter mortality, by district, as follows: East central - 20 (2 counties); northeast - 30; north central - 18; central - 25. (Hintz). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Ten additional fields surveyed in northwest to determine survival of overwintering borers, which originally infested 16.6 percent of stalks in these fields. Overwintering survival was 14.5 percent. Of 25 fields checked about March 1 and to be rechecked April 1, 14 were plowed during March; however, 11 fields rechecked April 2-3 Peer g de hue reduction in larvae present, which was not significant. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). - 342 - SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - DELAWARE - An unusually heavy infestation observed this spring in old cornstalks in Felton, Kent County; averaged over one per stalk. (Burbutis). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - COLORADO - No flaxseed found in volunteer wheat in eastern part of State. (Jenkins). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO —- Heavy, spotted populations damaging wheat fields near San Jon, Quay County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Dry weather and slow growth of wheat in panhandle area increasing apparent damage by this pest. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Continues light to medium in southwest area; counts per foot were 15-1,500 in Tillman and 20-200 in Kiowa Counties. Light populations also reported from Ellis, Cimmarron and Beaver Counties. Some limited treatment reported from Tillman and Cotton Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Ranged 6-20 per foot of drill row in western area of Cheyenne County; 0-2 per foot in eastern area of Cheyenne, Kit Carson, Yuma and Washington Counties. None found in Phillips, Sedgwick and Logan Counties. (Ransom, Jenkins). GRASSHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Late March surveys indicate good plant growth on south- east area rangelands below 3,000 feet, with some overwintering adult and nymphal activity in warmer locations. Light populations moving into crops in local situations reported in central and southwest areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., PPC). NEBRASKA - Melanoplus discolor collected and determined from Lancaster County during 1961 as a new State record. (Bell, Pruess). SOUTH DAKOTA - Several Chortophaga viridifasciata collected in James River area of Hutchinson County by D. Parks. This species overwinters as partially grown nymphs; however, it is seldom economic. (Hintz). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - ALABAMA - Populations continue to increase in untreated fields in Talladega and Chambers Counties. First cutting will probably be completely destroyed. Scattered populations also defoliating white Dutch clover in fields near alfalfa. (Buttram). GEORGIA - Averaged 3 per bud on untreated alfalfa in Chattooga County. Fields treated in fall of 1961 had an occasional larva per sweep. Fields were checked in Fulton, Paulding, Polk, Floyd and Chattooga Counties. (Johnson). VIRGINIA - Light, local infestations of first instars present in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, March 20). COLORADO - Adults active at lower elevations in Mesa County. Control applications underway or completed in most areas. (Bulla). UTAH - Adults active in northern and central counties; much acreage has been stubble-treated for control recently, (Knowlton). WYOMING - Very little activity noted in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties; few adults found in crowns of alfalfa plants. Alfalfa had one inch or less of growth in all areas surveyed. (Fullerton). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Infestations in Yuma County alfalfa declined rapidly; now low in most fields. Two cuttings of most fields on Yuma Mesa and some fields in Yuma Valley were severely damaged. Infestations also declined in central part of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MARYLAND - Conspicuous larval damage noted on red clover at 2 localities in Somerset County. -(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Surveys since March 7 revealed the following populations per square foot, by section: Northeast - ranged 0-3, averaged 1.3 in 3 fields; east - none found in 2 fields; west-southwest - ranged 0-9, averaged 2.8 in 5 fields. Populations ranged 0-9 per square foot and averaged 1.8 in all 10 fields checked; thus far, populations appear low. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations congregating on fence posts in Point Reyes area, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Adults active in Logan area, Cache County. (Knowlton). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Adults active in clover and alfalfa in Calvert and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WASHINGTON - Adults active in Pullman area, Whitman County. (Johansen). - 343 - A WEEVIL (Lixus sp.) - WYOMING - Several adults found in alfalfa fields in Goshen County. (Fullerton). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEVADA - Averaged 10-20 per sweep in alfalfa at Las Vegas and 100-200 per sweep in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel). UTAH - Present on alfalfa in Moab area, Grand County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA —- Infestations heavy in most alfalfa, statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations on vetch generally nondamaging in most areas; however, in Hunt County, populations severe enough that farmers are contemplating controls. (Turney). OKLAHOMA — Continues light on alfalfa throughout State; 20-35 per sweep common in north central area. Large numbers covered ground under old hay left from last season in one field in Garfield County, but numbers on plants not heavier than in other fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Counts in alfalfa in southeast area ranged 0-1,500 per 100 sweeps, with average less than 100 per 100 sweeps. (Peters). MARYLAND - Ranged 1-4 per sweep on alfalfa in Somerset and Calvert Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). : SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Averaged 4-6 per sweep in Las Vegas and 0-3 per sweep in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel). NEW MEXICO - There appears to be a minor buildup in few fields of alfalfa in northern Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Counts of 50-100 per 5 sweeps on alfalfa common in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Newton). OKLAHOMA - Light to medium on alfalfa in southwest area; 30-125 per square foot. Only occasional aphid noted in fields checked in Perkins area, north central. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Not observed in any alfalfa fields checked in southeast area. (Peters). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - L. elisus and L. hesperus active in Utah, Salt Lake, Weber and Cache Counties. (Knowlton). LEAFHOPPERS - WYOMING - Cuerna sp. and Aceratagallia sp. becoming numerous in alfalfa and green growth along ditchbanks and weed areas in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Aceratagallia spp. very numerous in alfalfa and on rangeland in northern and central areas. (Knowlton, Dorst). A THRIPS (Frankliniella sp.) - NEVADA - Heavy on alfalfa in Clark County. (Bechtel). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) -—- NEW MEXICO —- Cutworm larvae, mostly this species, causing light to heavy damage to Austrian winter peas, small grains, safflower and lawns in Luna County. Larvae averaged 2-8 per square yard along borders of Austrian winter peas and 0-2 per square yard of safflower. Larvae severely defoliating alfalfa in southern Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Continues economic over large portion of central area. Heavy, widespread infestations in Hays County destroyed stand of clover; field replanted to grain sorghum, which was also destroyed. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). OKLAHOMA - Activity continues in alfalfa and wheat areas in western half of State; most larvae fully grown and will pupate shortly. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Larvae in wheat ranged 0-2 per foot of drill row in Elbert, Cheyenne, Lincoln, Kit Carson, Yuma, Washington, Phillips, Sedgwick and Logan Counties. (LaQuey, Davidson, Carson, Jenkins). WYOMING - Few larvae found in winter wheat in areas of Goshen and Laramie Counties; averaged less than one per square foot. (Fullerton). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) — ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infestations present on safflower. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - First nymphs of season pre- sent on plantain at Huntingtown, Calvert County. Cie Mat Enthe Dept.) WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation present on orchardgrass in Susanville, Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 344 - FRUIT INSECTS APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MARYLAND - Newly hatched aphids noted on apple at Hancock, Washington County, April 5. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Readily found in Vincennes area by March 30. Aphids abundant in most apple orchards and prebloom control is suggested. (Hamilton, Apr.3). OREGON - Overwintering eggs began hatching in Willamette Valley April 6. (Every). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) —- NEW JERSEY - Controls recommended in apple orchards. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsl.). APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Eggs hatching in southern apple orchards. (Ins.-Dis.-—Weed Newsl.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation determined from sticky bands on pear trees in Julian, San Diego County. This is first infestation in county and southernmost infestation in State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - INDIANA - Nymphs feeding heavily on apple roots in Mitchell area. Some adults will emerge in this area during 1962, but much heavier emergence will occur in more easterly states. (Marshall, Ayprin3))- SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations of up to 2 larvae per terminal bud observed on apple in Perkins area, Payne County. Some flowering buds showed extensive feeding damage. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) — MARYLAND - Moderate numbers of eggs noted on young apple trees in orchard at Fairland, Montgomery County, April 5. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - First adults of season taken from peach trees on March 19; fully developed egg found in female on same day. Pest appeared from hiberantion before controls were applied. Adults appeared in numbers on peach trees by March 28 with average of 2.5 in an orchard in full bloom near woods. Controls recommended. (Snapp). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Overwintering eggs on peach trees in western part of State average 69 per 100 fruit buds. Eggs 50 percent more numerous than in 1961 which was year of high aphid incidence on peaches. Controls recommended. (Bulla). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - UTAH - Large number of peach trees infested at Farmington, Davis County. (Knowlton, Wadley). A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - COLORADO - Hatching on peach in Mesa County. (Bulla). A CARPOSINID (Bondia comonana) — CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations Occurred on 4-acre cherry orchard in Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Populations present early this season; heavy nymph and adult populations reported from almond trees in Tracy area, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of March - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop- truta oleivora) infested 54 percent of groves (norm 59 percent); 31 percent economic (norm 34 percent). Populations will continue slightly below average and far below unusually high level that prevailed last year at this time. Highest districts are west coast, Bartow and Brooksville, CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 35 percent of groves (norm 71 percent); 9 percent economic (norm 45 percent). Mites will increase on new leaves but little change expected from record low population level prevailing this spring. Highest district is west - 345 - coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 28 percent of groves (norm 21 percent); 11 percent economic (norm 9 percent). Population moderate and will not increase greatly until May. All districts low. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 40 percent of groves (norm 48 percent); 4 percent economic (norm 8 percent). Below average population will continue. Over 75 per- cent of scales in young stages. All districts low. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 84 percent of groves (norm 79 percent); 15 percent economic (orm 16 percent). Although most groves have light infestations, very few expected to become heavy. Most scales nearing early adult stage and susceptible to parasite attack. Highest districts are ridge and Brooksville. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 40 percent of groves (norm 12 percent); 14 percent economic (norm 2 percent). Although population is decreasing, it is still a record high for this date. Most scales nearing adult stage which indicates hatching of important summer generation will start latter part of April. Although SIX- SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) is near average moderate level, no infestations threating. APHIDS will continue below average abundance, but a few young groves and Temples may develop destructive infestations. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 70 percent of groves; 2 percent economic. WHITEFLIES, GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) and PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvin- aria riformis) have populations above normal levels. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred)). Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - April Through June 1962 - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) populations will remain below average in April, increase to average in May and to above average status in June; about 40 percent of groves will have injurious infestations. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) populations will remain low through May then increase to peak at average level in June. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) will increase until mid-June and reach high level recorded in 1961. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) populations will increase gradually, but fewer groves than usual will develop high infestations. Light PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infestations will be present in nearly all groves with a few, scattered, high infestations occurring in Jume. A high population of BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) crawlers will appear on leaves late in April; majority of groves expected to have heavier twig infest-— ations than usual in June. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) population will continue above average. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) may develop moderate infestations in scattered groves. APHID infestations will be light. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) will increase through April but injurious infestations will be fewer than average. The outlook given here is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the current U. S. Weather Bureau's 30-day Outlook will be normal. Departures from these normal conditions may affect citrus insect and mite populations directly or indirectly in a number of ways. Therefore, the forecast above should not be viewed with the same degree of confid- ence as the "Citrus Insect Situatian" reports published twice each month in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. (Simanton, April 4). PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria pyriformis) - FLORIDA - Severely infested grape- fruit at Lakeland, Polk County, on March 27. (Simanton, Anderson). A SOFT SCALE (Coccus elongatus) - FLORIDA - Severely infested grapefruit at Lake- land, Polk County, on March 27. (Simanton, Anderson). EIGHT-SPOTTED FORESTER (Alypia octomaculata) - TEXAS - Moderate, local infestation caused light damage to grapes in Guadalupe County. (New). SCALE INSECTS - NEW JERSEY - Controls recommended on blueberries. (Ins.-Dis.—-Weed Newsl.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Light infestations present in some lettuce in central and southwestern fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 346 - VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - OKLAHOMA - ObServed in home gardens in Stillwater area, Payne County. Okla. Coop. Sur.). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - FLORIDA — Adults caught in flight at Braden- ton, Manatee County. (Frederic, March 29). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA —- Light populations appearing on aspargus in Torrence, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Mostly light with some medium infestations on sugar beets in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy on potatoes and other plants, but infestations on lettuce light. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations appearing on asparagus at Torrence, Los Angles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) —- TEXAS - Moderate, local infestations attacking greens in Travis County. (Chapman). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) IDAHO - Occurring spottedly in gardens in Caldwell area, Canyon County. Bechtolt, March 23). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - First instars present in many central potato fields with counts of 8-10 per leaf in some. Adult activity heavy and egg counts of 30-40 per leaf common. Indications are that pest may be present in sufficient numbers to seriously damage potatoes this year unless controls are applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations, probably this species, being collected on sticky board traps in Little Rock area, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PILLBUGS - TEXAS - Caused moderate to heavy local damage to young lettuce, bean and other tender crops in Washington County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., McClung). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Treatment in Imperial Valley completed during week ending April 6. Approximately 1,000 acres treated with ground rigs and 17,000 acres of brushlands, surrounding cultivated fields, treated by helicopter. Nymphs hatching in foothills areas of San Joaquin Valley; weather conditions will determine spring treatment in area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - NEVADA - Medium to heavy on green onions in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Damaged onions in Travis, Comanche and Hays Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation occurred on garlic plants in Susanville, Lassen County. (al. Coop. Rpt) SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Collections made in Santa Rosa, Suwannee, Taylor and Lafayette Counties during period of March 7-20. Det. by W. Breidenbach. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - NEW JERSEY - Expected to be active on strawberries soon; controls recommended. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations occurred on strawberry plantings in Artesia, Los Angeles. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CUTWORMS - NEW JERSEY - Some feeding observed on strawberries; controls recom- mended. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). MITES - NEW JERSEY - Not yet active on strawberries. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations - 347 - on leaves of strawberry in Artesia, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TOBACCO INSECTS SNAILS AND SLUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Became a problem in certain locations on tobacco beds during February in Marion County. (Nettles et al). i COTTON INSECTS BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - TEXAS - Light terminal feeding of noneconomic proportions noted in several fields of cotton in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Examinations of cage tests at Safford by Dr. Wene revealed diapausing larvae in cocoons in soil outside bolls. They were at about one inch depth. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Collected on wild cotton at Key Largo, Monroe County, March 28. Det. by W. Breidenbach. (Creamer). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Infestations in Rio Grande Valley generally light; only an occasional field required treatment. (Deer). THRIPS — TEXAS - Generally very light on cotton in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). A DARKLING BEETLE (Blapstinus sp.) - ARIZONA - Numerous larvae noted in some cotton fields in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - ARIZONA - Some damage to planted cotton- seed has been reported in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Generally very light on cotton in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). PILLBUGS - TEXAS - Causing economic damage to young cotton in Victoria County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS ‘PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - CONNECTICUT - On increase this year in State; controls recommended. (Savos). VIRGINIA - Heavy on pines at a location in Lexington, Rockbridge County, March 8. (Amos). A PINE RESIN MIDGE (Retinodiplosis sp.) - OREGON —- Caused considerable damage to nursery plantings of pine in Lane County; nearly 100 percent were infested. Plants came from Coos County. (Larson). TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - TEXAS - M. disstria moderate to heavy on oaks throughout several central area counties. Latest reports of serious damage received from Travis County. (Cook, Chapman). ALABAMA - First instars of M. americanum observed on native cherry in Tallapoosa, Chambers and Russell Counties. (Barwood). WISCONSIN - M. americanum egg masses scarce in area of Rock County where incidence of this pest has been perennially high. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca nevadensis) - NEW MEXICO —- Egg masses abundant on cotton- wood trees, except in areas treated during 1961, at White Sands National Monument. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CANKERWORMS - VIRGINIA - Wingless female of Alsophila pometaria collected near Blacksburg, Montgomery County, February 14. Det. by C. Covell. (Tarpley). ARIZONA - Probably Paleacrita vernata infesting some elms in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 348 - CUTWORMS - NEVADA - Ufeus faunus heavy on poplar in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel). Early instars of Oncocnemis punctilinea light on ash (Fraxinus sp.) at same location. (Bechtel, Zoller). ie ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Present on trees and in homes in Woodward County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PAINTED HICKORY BORER (Megacyllene caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Adults collected from elm trees in Carter County. Okla. Coop. Sur.). PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) - IDAHO - Probably this species, removed from mountain-ash at Weiser, Washington County. (Morrison, March 23). SHOT-HOLE BORERS - TEXAS - Emerging adults of unspecified species making first appearance of season in Waller County. No serious damage observed. (Weaver). OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) — CALIFORNIA -— Heavy on twigs and stems of Acer sp. in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Survey continues in western part of State. In period of March 21-30, inspection of 13,400 trees in Portland area completed by State Forestry Department; 154 laboratory samples submitted. Checking of all large nurseries in Portland area, Multnomah County, completed. There are no known infestations in the State. (Larson). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - CALIFORNIA - Additional infestations found in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Severely damaged fern plantings in nursery in Portland, Multnomah County. (Nicolaison). JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - OREGON - Larvae caused severe damage to ornamental plantings of juniper in Corvallis, Benton County. (Ritcher). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations observed on greenhouse plantings, particularly roses, at 2 locations in Tallapoosa County. (Barwood). OKLAHOMA - Populations of 5 per leaf, probably this species, observed on Bougainvillea plants in greenhouse in:Tulsa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - All stages on flower buds of Aloe sp. on February 25. Collected by S. M. Dobanian; det. by M. D. Leonard. (Leonard). PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant and difficult to control on chrysanthemum and cineraria in greenhouse in Allegheny County. (Udine). ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infested rose bushes shipped in from an out-of-State nursery. (Mast). APHIDS - MISSOURI - Light infestations of several species observed on leaf buds of ornamental plum and various other ornamentals in central area; aphids very small, buds just opening. (Munson). UTAH - Hatching on roses in north central area of State. (Knowlton). A COCCID (Newsteadia americana) — PENNSYLVANIA —- Slide recently discovered in F. M. Trumble collection of Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Specimens were collected by J. G. Sanders on roots of a tree June 27, 1917. Specimens were determined by H. Morrison, but were not recorded from State when his description was published in 1925. Therefore, this is the first published record of this species from Pennsylvania. (Sleesman). COCCIDS — CALIFORNIA - Protopulvinaria pyriformis adults heavy on Brassaia actinophylla in a nursery in Corona, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Moderate populations of Icerya purchasi on various ornamentals becoming heavy, with damage evident. Controls required in many instances. (Frobese). OKLAHOMA - Unaspis euonymi infestations reported from Greer, Stephens, Oklahoma - 349 - and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate infestations of an undetermined species observed on undersides of leaves of Buford holly in nurseries in St. Louis area. (Lenhardt). VIRGINIA - Unaspis euonymi heavy on silver holly at a locality in Natural Bridge, Rockbridge County, March 15; and heavy on euonymus at localities in Goodview, Bedford County, March 7, and in Colony, Amherst County, March 19. (Amos, Rowell). MARYLAND - Aspidiotus ithaca light on ornamental hemlock at Olney, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Saissetia hemisphaerica medium on ferns in greenhouse in Hunting- don, Huntingdon County. (Udine). CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Englishlaurel in a nursery at Ross, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPIDER MITES —- ALABAMA —- Increased activity of undetermined species causing some concern on boxwoods, camellias and conifers in Tallapoosa County. (Barwood). PENNSYLVANIA - Nymphs of Tetranychus sp. medium on croton in greenhouse at Pittsburgh, Allegheny County. Det. by R. J, Snetsinger. (Udine, Feb. 14). PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Medium infestation present on grape and ivy in greenhouse at Pittsburgh, Allegheny County. Det. by R. J. Snetsinger. (Udine, Feb. 14). PILLBUGS - TEXAS - Causing noticeable damage to new growth of several ornamental plant species in Washington and Bee Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., McClung, Edgar). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS is ale 4 Y) 466 Ui a Y - wy Y a OF Vy Ginn ae Sterile screw-worm drop area Ys: Screw-worms reported during period 3/30-4/5/62 SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominovorax) - TEXAS - Release of sterile flies continued in southern area. Map above gives status of the program in southern Texas as of April 5. During the week ending April 5, 10,698,800 sterile flies were released Over an area of 43,198 square miles, with a release rate of 200-250 flies per square mile for this period. Also during the week, 218 infestations were reported, including 11 in 6 new counties, as follows: Atascosa - 5; La Salle - 2; Bexar - 1; - 350 - Real - 1; Wilson - 1; Terrell - 1. The 218 cases reported during this period demonstrate a rapid increase in populations, despite release of sterile flies in southern area. Within a period of 4 weeks, reported cases have increased from 38 to 218. Production at Kerrville is too limited to allow expansion of routine release pattern northwestward along Rio Grande River; however, limited linear release will be initiated along river north to a point near Truth or Consequences, New Mexico. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) — NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae dropping from backs of cattle in McKenzie and Dunn Counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum adult activity noted around cattle herds throughout south central and north central areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - H. lineatum larvae ranged 10-15 per animal in small herd of short horn steers in Baltimore County April 3. Develop- ment of Hypoderma spp. over State appears to be at least a month later than at corresponding times in previous years. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations of 3-5 per cow and 10 per bull observed in Payne County; also reported from Carter County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MINNESOTA - Overwintering adults reported in homes in Wabasha and Brown Counties. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - None found on 2 herds of cattle examined. (111. Ins. Rpt.). BLOW FLIES -— UTAH - Unspecified species numerous about cattle and hog feeding areas in Weber and northern Davis Counties. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Calliphora sp. active throughout southern fourth of State. (Rapp). OKLAHOMA - Phormia regina noted about cattle in Atoka County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - WISCONSIN - Infested 299 flocks of 7,666 inspected; total number of sheep was 231,758. Distribution of this pest appeares to be general. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 30 per animal in flock of 1,000 sheep in Wabaunsee County, March 29. (Pitts). MOSQUITOES — NEBRASKA - First instars of Aedes sp. active near Table Rock, Pawnee County. (Rapp). UTAH - Larvae of unspecified species active in Salt Lake City area. (Collett). AN EYE GNAT - ARIZONA - Heavy populations of an unspecified species a problem along Colorado River in northern Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - TEXAS - Heavy on hogs in Bee, Live Oak and McMullen Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar). SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Controls applied to herd of cattle in McKenzie County. Nee Diwinse Suri). HORSE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola equi) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations of 5-15 per hair part observed on horses in Osage County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LICE - TEXAS - Infestations reported on cattle in’ Bee, Live Oak and McMullen Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar). OKLAHOMA —- Activity of several species continues to be reported on cattle throughout eastern half of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Some cattle herds still seriously infested in Utah, Weber and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Infested 228 flocks of 7,666 flocks, comprised of 231,758 sheep. Distribution of these pests appears to be general. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - NEBRASKA - Heavy infestations occurring on dogs in Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Bell). SCAB MITES -—- VIRGINIA - All of 80 sheep inspected in December 1961 were infested with Psoroptes ovis and 522 of 538 sheep insepcted in January 1962 were also found =" OOue — infested with this species. (Tarpley). WISCONSIN - Of 7,666 flocks inspected (comprised of 231,758 sheep), 4 flocks found infested with P. ovis. Infested flocks were in Green Lake, Jefferson and Kenosha Counties. Three flocks were also found infested with Chorioptes ovis in Dodge, Eau Claire and Iowa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - PENNSYLVANIA - Taken from bodies of children in Harrisburg, Dauphin County. (Balsbaugh). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NEBRASKA - Larval activity very abundant in Rulo area, Richardson County. (Rapp). TICKS - TEXAS - Infestations of unspecified species noted on cattle in Bee, Live Oak and McMullen Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - MARYLAND - Adult female noted near home near Brandywine, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES - VIRGINIA - Unspecified species swarmed in Leesburg, Loudoun County, February 22, and at Petersburg, Dinwiddie County, March 24, (Rowell, Brown, Matheny). OKLAHOMA - Minor swarming of Reticulitermes tibialis noted in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Swarming forms of Reticulitermes sp. found in Grant and Madison Counties. (Roselle). UTAH - Unspecified species damaging additional home in Ogden, Weber County, and home at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Large infestation, probably Reticulitermes hesperus, reported in older home at Caldwell, Canyon County, during late February. (Bechtolt). ANTS - UTAH - Tiny species infested homes at Logan, Cache County, and Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Winged forms of Monomorium minimum and Acanthomyops interjectus annoyed homeowners in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae) - NORTH DAKOTA —- Several infestations reported in Fargo area, Cass County. (QAR a inistSuri)- A FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium sp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Several infestations reported in Fargo area, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) - TEXAS - Adults emerged from ash panelling in homes in Young County. Infestations seriously weakened wood in 65-year-old home in Harrison County. (Kennedy, Newton). A SPIDER BEETLE (Mezium affine) - NEVADA - Heavy infestation in old carpets and padding in hotel in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Barton, Bechtel). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Emerging from hibernation March 28 in York County. (Nichols). MARYLAND - Troublesome around homes in Baltimore and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MINNESOTA - Nuisance in homes in Minneapolis-Saint Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA —- Heavy in home at Fargo, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Active in residential areas in Rulo, Richardson County. (Rapp). UTAH - Trouble- some in homes east and south of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) - WASHINGTON - Infested home at Mercer Island, King County. (Brannon). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - A nuisance in homes in Montgomery and Washington Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Entered homes in De Kalb County. (Buttram). OKLAHOMA - Invaded home in Cleveland, Pawnee County. =H3O2) i= (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Very troublesome in homes in several Piute County communities. Entering homes at Brigham City, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Buck). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS A FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium sp.). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infestations present in and around some grain storage in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - OKLAHOMA - Results of inspections were negative in Muskogee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus) - COLORADO - Found in sample of dry pinto beans from Weld County. (Lawson). A PHYCITID MOTH (Ephestia sp.) - COLORADO - Larvae found in sample of dry pinto beans from Weld County. (Lawson). LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia canicularis) - TEXAS - Adults caused concern in dairy feed storage room in Guadalupe County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Massey). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES — CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of adult Coleomegilla vittigera in Point Reyes area, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Several species occasionally encountered in fields and orchards in central and northern areas. (Knowlton). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha interrupta) - FLORIDA - Collected in McPhail trap at Homestead on March 21 and at Miami March 22 in Dade County, and at Salerno, Martin County,on March 30. (Fay, Stephens, Prange). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Collected in Clay County on March 27; det by W. Breidenbach. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - CALIFORNIA - Four additional grubs dug from lawn turf in known. heavily infested area in Sacramento County. Additional soil treatment began first of April in 100-block area, Traps being placed in locations of last year's adult collections. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SLUG (Arion ater) - CALIFORNIA - Survey in Humboldt County shows this slug to be rather widespread; additional specimens collected in Eureka, Fortuna and McKinleyville. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORRECTION CEIR 12(14):312 - CARPENTER ANTS (Campnotus spp.) should read (Camponotus spp.), = 353 = LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Agrot. Feltia Helio. Laphyg. Prod. Pseud. ips. subterr. zea frug. ornith. unip. ARKANSAS Kelso 3/29-4/4 1 il FLORIDA Gainesville 3/29-4/4 3 20 4 11 4x 3 Quincy 3/5 5 1 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 3/31-4/6 8 3 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 3/27-4/2 5 3 32 Cumberland 3/27-4/2 aL 4 Greene 3/27-4/2 2 2 alu Johnson 3/27-4/2 al il! 2 Maury 3/27-4/2 1 6 Robertson 3/27-4/2 4 * All male specimens, Additional Light Trap Collections: WISCONSIN: Middleton (3/29, 30)-SPRING CANKER- WORM (Paleacrita vernata) -— 3; NOCTUIDS (3/29, 4/3-5)-Lithophane laticinerea - 6; Eupsilia vinulenta - 4; (4/3, 5)-E. morrisoni - 2. ADDITIONAL NOTES CONNECTICUT - APHIDS active and easy to find on small grains. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) active and heavy in some spots in Hamden-Cheshire area; pest appeared a earlier than usual. No reports of ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) yet. Egg laying by PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) in Hamden, New Haven County, and Storrs, Tolland County; pest appears more numerous than last year. BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) is active but not too numerous in the Storrs orchard. (Savos). - 354 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1961 (Continued from page 338) FOREST INSECTS Highlights: There were explosive increases in populations of some species of BARK BEETLES and resultant tree-killing in outbreak areas was severe. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE increased at rates up to 10:1 in stands of lodgepole pine in portions of Utah, western Wyoming and southern Idaho, which resulted in the killing of more than 600,000 trees in 57 infestation centers -- the worst epidemic of this impor- tant insect at any time during the past 30 years. Smaller outbreaks of mountain pine beetle also occurred in stands of lodgepole pine at Crater Lake National Park and other locations in Oregon, and in Modoc County, California. The beetles were abundant and destructive in stands of western white pine in Idaho, Washing- ton and parts of Oregon, and they killed sugar pines extensively in the southern Sierra Nevadas, California. ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE was less destructive in 1961 than in the past few years but outbreaks in local areas in Wyoming, Montana, Colorado and New Mexico killed large numbers of high-value Englemann spruce. The most serious infestations were on the Bridger National Forest, Wyoming, the Grand Mesa-Uncompahgre and Rio Grande National Forests, Colprado, and the Carson National Forest and adjacent private lands, New Mexico. With minor exceptions, the outbreaks in all areas were triggered by populations breeding in blow-down timber, cull logs, stumps and other debris in logging areas. Deficiencies in precipitation and other factors favored outbreaks of the WESTERN PINE BEETLE and ENGRAVERS (Ips spp.) in stands of ponderosa pine at several loca- tions in the Western States. In central and southern Oregon, especially on the Fremont, Ochoco, Malheur and Rogue River National Forests, western pine beetle killed large numbers of trees singly and in groups. This species was also abundant, for the first time in several years, on the Nezperce National Forest and the general area extending from Riggens to Kooskia, Idaho. In California, tree-killing by both species was most severe in second-growth stands in the foothill pine belt throughout the central and southern Sierra Nevadas and at several locations in virgin stands in those areas, and in southern California, SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE and BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE are perennial pests in the Southern and Southeastern States. The long-standing outbreak of the former species expanded greatly in the Big Thicket area of southeastern Texas and popu- lations also developed to epidemic levels in portions of Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina and Georgia. Black turpentine beetle increased significantly on all lowlands where logging was done by heavy equipment under wet conditions. BLACK HILLS BEETLE continued in outbreak status in stands of ponderosa pine along the Front Range of the Central Rockies, in northern Wyoming and in the Black Hills of South Dakota, Elsewhere, infestations were less severe than in past years, due largely to sustained efforts to keep populations in check. Suppression in 1962 will be directed largely at outbreaks in Colorado and South Dakota. There were large acreages of forest stands in all sections of the country severely damaged by several species of defoliating insects. SPRUCE BUDWORM was the most serious, occurring in epidemic numbers over large acreages from coast to coast. Some 80,000 acres of balsam fir were heavily defoliated in Maine, Upwards from 1,000,000 acres of spruce-fir stands in Minnesota were infested.,. In Montana, there was no increase in the 33 million-acre infestations, but there was a worsen- ing in degree of defoliation, In Idaho, population densities increased sharply in a widespread area and damage to affected Douglas-fir stands was much greater there also. New outbreaks in southern Colorado, coupled with some spread of older infes- tations, resulted in a 13 percent increase in area of epidemics. In New Mexico, — Va 00n— infestations occurred on more than a million acres, a 33 percent increase over 1960. There were critical infestations on about 50,000 acres in southern Wash- ington. For the country as a whole, close to 10 million acres of fir timber were infested and tree-killing, particularly in the understory, was quite severe in most areas. JACK-PINE BUDWORM defoliated jack pines in varying degrees on about 150,000 acres in parts of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. The most serious infestations were on approximately 40,000 acres in Wisconsin. Sudden and severe outbreaks of PINE TUSSOCK MOTH occurred at several places in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Stands of red pine, jack pine and white spruce were completely defoliated on about 3,500 acres of the General Andrews State Forest, Minnesota. The pine species suffered severe defoliation at other locations in that State and on some 60,000 acres in Wisconsin. It is predicted that heavier populations will occur in the infested areas in 1962. After a 10-year absence, the WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER reappeared in epidemic numbers on about 70,000 acres of hemlock forests of western Oregon. Defoliation ranged from light to heavy and caused some mortality to host trees in localized areas. Heavy populations are predicted in 1962, LARCH CASEBEARER, first discovered in the West during 1957 in the vicinity of St. Maries, Idaho, continued to spread in that State and invaded Montana. In 1961, infestations occurred over a gross area of 9,000 square miles. PINE NEEDLE MINER infestations were severe on extensive areas in the West. A species attacking ponderosa pine was damaging on 19,000 acres in the vicinity of Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River, Utah. Elsewhere in Utah, and in Idaho and Montana, the LODGEPOLE NEEDLE MINER was in outbreak on some 200,000 acres. The latter species also was damaging to lodgepole pines in California, particu- larly at Yosemite National Park. PANDORA MOTH, an important pest of pine forests in the Western States, occurred in epidemic numbers at several locations in 1959. By 1961, most infestations had declined to endemic levels due to natural control factors, One outbreak however, has persisted in the Rocky Mountains and some 36,000 acres of lodge- pole pine were defoliated along the Colorado-Wyoming border, In the tri-State area of Georgia, Tennessee and North Carolina, oaks, hickories and other hardwoods were severely defoliated by the ELM SPANWORM. The gross area of infestation was estimated at 1,532,000 acres, a slight decrease from 1960. However, the acreage of moderate to severe defoliation increased and heavy popu- lations in some areas are predicted for 1962. The movement of the outbreak since its discovery several years ago has been in a northerly and easterly direction. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR severely defoliated water tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum and other bottomland hardwoods over extensive areas in Louisiana and Alabama during the spring. Infestations in both states covered approximately 2.1 million acres. Foliage was completely stripped from trees on more than half of the total area. The map on the following page depicts the National Forests. It may be of value when reading the detailed Forest Insect Summary. J. W. Bongberg, Forest Insect and Disease Surveys Forest Service - 856 - area oD 3 i : fre : oo =H 2 a, =i Ne A eS ~ 2 < nc ya\ ro) 8 a rim z is 3 = ; o - 4 ~ < \zy 3 4 ae => eg < =) uw g : Chae e Raa MSS 3 sana abe Sa ee ag ‘é = © Senos ae g l a = wae oe aa opty ale we Z iS LM a fees EN ALASKA | c. Sp SSI Forest Insect Suppression - Calendar Year 1961 Project Location Expenditures Mountain pine beetle Rocky Mtns., Pacific States $1,128,600 Engelmann spruce beetle Rocky Mountains 557 , 500 Western pine beetle and Ips spp. Pacific States 463 , 200 Southern pine beetle South and Southeast 247,600 Black Hills beetle Rocky Mtns. and South Dakota 122,300 Black turpentine beetle South and Southeast 109, 400 Spruce budworm Minnesota and Maine 100,100 Lodgepole needle miner California 53 , 800 Elm spanworm North Carolina, Georgia 35,000 Miscellaneous insects Countrywide 190 , 800 Total $3,008,300 FORO IO IK RK KKK Infestations of MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae) were aggressive and relatively large in western white pine on the Gifford Pinchot and Wenatchee National Forests and in the Olympic National Park in WASHINGTON. Increased infestations occurred on this host in the Willamette and Mount Hood National Forests of OREGON. In lodgepole pine, outbreaks continued to increase moderately in Oregon forests and decline in Washington forests. The largest increase occurred in Oregon on the Fremont and Winema (former Klamath Indian Reservation) National Forests. Elsewhere, moderate increases were noted, An infestation of mountain pine beetle in Crater Lake National Park increased, but at a reduced rate. Infestations of mountain pine beetle in stagnated, pole-sized ponderosa pine stands increased slightly in Oregon and Washington. The largest centers of damage occurred on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in Oregon. In general, the trend of the mountain pine beetle infestations is upward in varying degrees for all species in the two-state area. Maintenance control was carried out in several lodgepole pine stands in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. Thinning of dense ponderosa pine pole stands will relieve stand pressure which is the under- lying cause attracting the beetles. There were no major outbreaks of mountain pine beetle in CALIFORNIA and tree-killing of significant proportions occurred only at a few locations. A great many lodge- pole pines were killed in the Warner Mountains and at Glass Mountain and Medicine Lake, Modoc County. Elsewhere in California, there was a noticeable reduction in the rate of loss in lodgepole pine, including Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, The trend of mountain pine beetle infestations in sugar pines in California was upward in the southern Sierra Nevadas, and group-killing of mature trees occurred at Yosemite and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks and the Tule Indian Reservation, Group-killing in second-growth sugar pines also occurred at two other locations in Madera and Tulare Counties. Infestations in ponderosa pine were reported only in Modoc County. At that location, two small outbreaks occurred in second-growth stands. Mountain pine beetle infestations in old-growth western white pine continued to be a problem in northern IDAHO and western MONTANA. A recently completed survey of 41,000 acres of white pine type in the Clearwater National Forest, Idaho, showed the loss of timber from the beetle to be approximately 15.5 million feet, board measure, in 1960, and 13.2 million feet in 1961. This infestation ~ - 358 - has persisted for a long period. Data taken in 1938, and compared with the cur- rent survey results, show that the loss of mature timber has been 40 percent of the stand during the past 24 years. In Montana, remnants of older infestations of the beetle persist in lodgepole pine at Kintla Lake and in the Park Creek drainage in Glacier National Park. There was an explosive increase in populations of moutain pine beetle through- out lodgepole pine forests in the Intermountain States, and more than 600,000 trees were attacked in 57 infestation centers in northern UTAH, western WYOMING and southeastern IDAHO. Large-scale projects to suppress the severe outbreaks were continued or initiated in affected areas during the year, Additional ones will be needed in 1962 to avert wholesale tree-killing over extensive areas. The major control project in 1961 was on the Wasatch National Forest, Utah. Here, some 135,000 infested trees were treated during the spring and summer and 32,000 more were treated in the fall. Approximately 252,000 newly infested trees will require treatment in 1962. Suppression of infestations also was undertaken on the Ashley National Forest, Utah; the Teton National Forest and Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming; and on the Targhee, Cache and Sawtooth National Forests, Idaho. Infestations of mountain pine beetle in ponderosa pine occurred in second=-growth stands at two locations in the Intermountain States; one in the vicinity of McCall, Idaho, and the other at Crystal Bay on the northern shore of Lake Tahoe, NEVADA. There was no direct control in either area. Mountain pine beetle infestations in stands of lodgepole and limber pine on portions of the Shoshone National Forest, WYOMING, were much reduced from condi- tions reported there in 1960. There was one small outbreak, however, northwest of Dubois, Wyoming, where an estimated 1,200 lodgepole pines were killed. ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus engelmanni) infestations increased slightly in both OREGON and WASHINGTON, but remain well below the critical level. The bulk of the damage in Washington occurred along stream bottoms on the Wenatchee National Forest. All of the epidemic outbreaks in Oregon occurred on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. All infestations are in isolated stands, with little danger of spreading. In MONTANA, a few outbreak centers occurred in, and adjacent to, cutover areas in Engelmann spruce stands. Most of the outbreaks were due to population increases in blowdown trees on the periphery of clear-cut blocks. Logging of infested trees for control was continued on the Kaniksu, Kootenai and Flathead National Forests in that State. Infestations of Engelmann spruce beetle were less numerous and less severe in the Intermountain States than for the past several years. Small outbreak centers occurred, however, on the Dixie and Manti-La Sal National Forests, UTAH; the Boise National Forest, IDAHO; and on the Bridger National Forest, WYOMING. The largest of these outbreaks, on the Green River District, Bridger National Forest, was materially reduced by direct control in 1961. The infested trees remaining in this site are to be logged and follow-up treatment during the summer months should reduce infestations to endemic levels. Engelmann spruce beetle was abun- dant in the mature and overmature stands of Engelmann spruce in COLORADO, particu- larly in areas adjacent to recent cuttings. Two new outbreaks, both adjacent to logged areas, were discovered in 1961; one, on the Alpine Plateau, Grand Mesa- Uncompahgre National Forest, killed approximately 14,500 trees; the second, at West Crow Creek, Rio Grande National Forest,killed about 8,000 trees. The out- breaks of Engelmann spruce beetle reported in 1960 on the San Juan National Forest were suppressed by trapping the newly emerged beetles in felled green spruce trees. In all, a total of 16,000 spruce trees was felled in the trapping- for-control program, all of which were later salvaged. Two serious Engelmann spruce beetle outbreaks developed in mature spruce stands in northern NEW MEXICO during the past several years. Both outbreaks originated in logging debris in adjacent areas, The outbreak on the Tierra Amarilla Grant near Chama, New Mexico, exploded in 1961 and has killed fifty percent or more of 2 isita}2) the spruce on 8,000 acres. The 10,000-acre outbreak on the Rio Grande Grant (now part of the Carson National Forest) and adjacent Carson National Forest near Taos, New Mexico, remained static. An estimated 95,560 1960 attacks and 81,680 1961 attacks occurred on about 3,500 acres. Suppression of the latter outbreak by logging infested stems and piling and burning infested cull material is in progress. DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) infestations in WASHINGTON, espe- cially the recent extensive outbreaks on the Okanogan National Forest and Col- ville Indian Reservation, subsided. The anticipated flareup of infestation following the extensive blowdown in western Washington in 1958 did not materialize due to a concerted effort to salvage the blowdown and infested trees. The wide- spread outbreak in southwestern OREGON collapsed, The outbreak of Douglas-fir beetle on the Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests in Oregon remained more or less static. The trend of infestation is variable with the locality. Direct control is not needed in 1962. However, infested trees are being salvaged to reduce the insect populations and utilize the timber before it deteriorates. No significant infestations of Douglas-fir beetle were reported in CALIFORNIA, Prompt action in salvaging blowdown timber in Siskiyou County averted possible outbreaks in that area. Activity of the beetle is currently at a low point in MONTANA and northern IDAHO and but 3 small epidemic infestations are present in the area. However, Douglas-fir beetle was abundant throughout southern Idaho, western WYOMING and UTAH. Douglas-fir stands on the Sawtooth National Forest in Idaho and on the Dixie National Forest in Utah were particularly hard hit. Tree-killing in these areas is expected to continue at the same high level in 1962, Logging infested trees is the only practical means of control and this effort is hampered by lack of access to the affected stands. Low endemic infestations of Douglas-fir beetle prevailed in all stands of Douglas-fir in eastern WYOMING and COLORADO, but tree-killing by this insect continued at a high level throughout the Douglas-fir stands in ARIZONA and NEW MEXICO. Salvage logging for control is being done in accessible areas in the latter two States. WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) outbreaks declined on most areas in WASHINGTON and northern OREGON. In central and southern Oregon, however, outbreaks increased, particularly on the Fremont, Ochoco, Malheur and Rogue River National Forests. The killing of more single trees and small groups of trees in 1961 indicates a possible increase in tree—killing on local areas in 1962. Control of an outbreak on the Fremont National Forest was begun with the removal of infested trees and through an aggressive sanitation-salvage program. Sanitation-salvage operations are being stepped up at other active centers of infestations on other forests to reduce beetle populations and reduce hazards. Tree-killing by western pine beetle varied in intensity throughout CALIFORNIA. In the central and southern Sierra Nevadas, losses were heavy in second-growth stands of ponderosa pine, particularly in the foothill pine belt below 5,000 feet elevation. Local outbreaks in virgin ponderosa pines occurred at three locations in northeastern California and at Yosemite and Sequoia—Kings Canyon National Parks. Coulter and ponderosa pines were killed extensively in the recreational forests of southern California. In the latter areas, trees were more vulnerable to attack than elsewhere due to extreme deficiencies in annual precipitation. Western pine beetle was more active in the Northern Rocky Moun- tain States than in recent years. Small groups of infested ponderosa pines were common in the Nezperce National Forest, IDAHO. Thousands of acres have groups of red-topped trees attacked by this beetle in the lower tree boles and several species of Ips in the tops. The area of infestation extends from Riggins to Kooskia, Idaho. BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) populations in stands of ponderosa pine in southern UTAH have shown a definite downward trend for the past several years. This trend continued in 1961. However, the beetle continued in outbreak status in ponderosa pine along the Front Range of the central Rocky Mountains, In comparison with 1960, there was a three-fold increase in numbers of trees killed. The most serious outbreaks occurred on portions of the Pike and - 360 - Roosevelt National Forests and adjacent private lands in COLORADO. Others, of lesser magnitude, occurred on parts of the Bighorn National Forest and adjacent lands in WYOMING and the Black Hills National Forest in SOUTH DAKOTA, It is estimated that 53,000 infested trees will need to be treated in all affected stands by July 1962 in the Central Rocky Mountain States, to reduce outbreak populations to endemic levels. In NEW MEXICO, a small infestation of Black Hills beetle killed limber pine on a portion of the Cibola National Forest. This persistent infestation in ponderosa pine on the Tres Piedras District, Carson National Forest, declined and became so scattered that direct control will not be needed in 1962. ALASKA SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus borealis) continued to cause serious tree mortality in stands of white spruce south of the Alaska Range in ALASKA. Several local outbreaks occurred in the area between Cook Inlet and the Cooper River,and tree losses continued high on the Chugach National Forest and the Kenai National Moose Range. Infestations by JEFFREY PINE BEETLE (D. jeffreyi) in stands of Jeffrey pine were spotty in CALIFORNIA. Significant outbreaks occurred at two locations in northeastern California and in the Lower Deadman area of Inyo County. In southern California, tree-killing was centered around Bear Valley and the Upper Santa Ana drainage, San Bernardino County. Also in California, RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (D. valens) was particularly abundant statewide. All species of pines were attacked and many otherwise uninfested trees were killed. The SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) epidemic in southeastern TEXAS continued in 1961 and no relief is indicated for 1962. As of November 1961, 961 spot infestations had been mapped by aerial observers in Liberty, Harden, Tyler and Polk Counties. The spot infestations ranged from about one-quarter acre to 640 acres in size, the larger ones consisting of several thousand infes-— ted trees, Early summer rains hampered control crews in Texas and an estimated 80,000 infested trees occurred in outbreak areas at year end. There were new southern pine beetle outbreaks of serious proportions on the Homochitto National Forest, southeast MISSISSIPPI; and a two to ten-fold increase in number of trees killed occurred on the Talladega National Forest in ALABAMA. The infestations increased rapidly on the Homochitto National Forest from July to October and those on the Talladega National Forest increased despite prompt and concerted efforts to suppress them. Infestations of southern pine beetle continued at epidemic levels on the General Pickens Ranger District, Sumter National Forest, SOUTH CAROLINA, and adjacent private lands. In that area, tree-killing was severe on a gross area of approximately 100,000 acres. In GEORGIA, there were outbreaks of this beetle at scattered locations on four of the Ranger Districts on the Chattahoochee National Forest, BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) continued its activity on National Forest and private lands following logging and other operations in the Southern States, Populations were generally lower in 1961 than in the past two years in this part of the country, primarily due to a general decrease in log- ging activity, favorable moisture and widespread control operations. In low areas, particularly in the Gulf States, which were logged by heavy equipment under wet conditions, heavier losses occurred. Populations were extremely high in low areas where pine poles, sawtimber, pulpwood and hardwood were removed in four successive operations. Beetle activity also increased in naval stores areas in southern ALABAMA and southern GEORGIA, especially where trees were tapped for the first time. Black turpentine beetle occurred in small numbers at isolated locations in MISSOURI. An infestation of ROUNDHEADED PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus convexifrons) appeared on ponderosa pine around Bonito Lake, Lincoln National Forest, NEW MEXICO. This lake is a vital source of water for the city of Alamogordo, Approximately 700 trees were treated in August and 1,500 more trees will need to be treated in 1962 to suppress the outbreak. = OFlna— PINE ENGRAVERS (Ips spp.) were reported as endemic throughout the spruce stands of interior ALASKA. The recent small outbreak along the Gerstle River, near Fairbanks, subsided from natural causes. These beetles were associated with most of the outbreaks of western pine beetle in the central and southern Sierra Nevadas and in southern CALIFORNIA. Attacking alone, they killed large numbers of Coulter and Jeffrey pines in the latter area of the State. The most explosive outbreaks in California occurred at Tanbark, Los Angeles County, in late Septem- ber and early October. Here, about 25 percent of all the pines surviving the 1960 fire were killed. An unusually long activity period in 1961 appeared to favor Ips infestations in the Northern Rocky Mountain States. In the Nezperce National Forest, IDAHO, several species, including I. oregonis, I. plastographus and I. interpunctus, attacked ponderosa pines in groups of varying sizes up to 800 trees. The attacked trees ranged in size from 4 to 12 inches in diameter, breast high. In MONTANA, I. ponderosae, developing in slash and snow-damaged ponderosa pines, became epidemic. An area of about 130,000 acres in the Crow and Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservations was heavily infested. Groups of 100 or more immature trees were killed at many places. Larger trees were also attacked and killed, but in smaller numbers. In OREGON and WASHINGTON, the size and intensity of I. oregonis infestations in young ponderosa pine decreased; how- ever, subepidemic damage was sustained in most ponderosa pine sapling stands throughout the area. Indications are that this species of Ips will be heavier during 1962 in scorched trees around recent burns. Because outbreaks of this insect develop and subside so rapidly, it is better to prevent buildups by management practices rather than to attempt suppression by direct means. In western SOUTH DAKOTA, a deficiency of precipitation favored a buildup of I. oregonis;and large numbers of ponderosa pines were killed and many others top-Killed along the south and west edges of the Black Hills. Many of the killed trees were later infested by Black Hills beetle. The infestation of CALIFORNIA FIVE-SPINED IPS (Ips confusus) declined in stands of pinyon pine adjacent to Walnut Canyon National Monument, ARIZONA. The beetle population remained above normal, however, posing a threat to the monument in 1962. This outbreak originated in pinyon pine labeled for range improvement. The beetles multiplied in the debris, then attacked and killed standing trees, Also in Arizona, infestations of I. lecontei declined slightly in standing ponderosa pines on the Prescott National Forest. A fall examination on the forest revealed that the population of this engraver was extremely high in logging slash and this could lead to renewed tree-killing. In western ARKANSAS, a series of tornadoes and windstorms blew down several million board feet of shortleaf pine timber during the spring. Rapid salvage and weather conditions unfavorable for brood development prevented what could have been a serious outbreak of Ips spp. The beetles did increase as a result of this damage but not sufficiently to cause alarm, Infestations of Ips spp. in other parts of the Southern and Southeastern States were generally limited to trees struck by lightning, damaged by saltwater in the overflow from oil wells, or otherwise weakened. I. avulsus was often found associated with the southern pine beetle in southeast TEXAS and ALABAMA, making it difficult at times to determine which was the primary tree-killer. There has also been some indica- tion of increase in Ips spp. activity in southern FLORIDA in trees weakened by the 1959-1960 hurricanes. The 1960 outbreaks of a CEDAR BARK BEETLE (Phloeosinus squamosus) in scrub stands of Alaska cedar and western redcedar on Kuiu and Kupreanof Islands in southeast ALASKA declined. FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) infestations in grand fir and subalpine fir stands increased moderately in both OREGON and WASHINGTON. The largest and most severe centers occurred on the Ochoco, Fremont and Umatilla National Forests, Oregon. In southern Oregon, a combination of root rot fungi and fir engraver caused some light mortality in Shasta red fir stands. Most of the losses caused —- 362 = by this insect are relatively unimportant because much of the damage occurred in defective, overmature grand fir and subalpine fir stands of low value. The infes— tation trend is slightly upward. No control is needed in 1962 because most infes— tations are in small, isolated stands, many of which are in inaccessible areas, Fir engraver killed large numbers of red and white fir at many locations in CALIFORNIA and the volume of timber destroyed exceeded that caused by any other of the major pest species. Tree mortality was most severe in the Warner Moun- tains, Modoc County, in Lassen County, and throughout the central and southern Sierra Nevadas. Fir engraver is a chronic pest of true firs in the northern Rocky Mountains. In 1961, large areas of subalpine fir were killed in MONTANA. Most of the damage, however, occurred where the commercial value of killed trees is low. Early in the season, a small project was undertaken to suppress a fir engraver infestation in a large public campground. In the Clearwater National Forest, IDAHO, about 100 infested trees were logged in a management area in an effort to suppress an outbreak, This work is still in progress. The three-year-old fir engraver out- break in white fir on the Lincoln National Forest, NEW MEXICO, and adjoining Mescalero Indian Reservation ended abruptly. The eleven-year-old outbreak in the Sandia Mountains, Albuquerque, New Mexico, continued to decline, but tree- killing is still severe on 5,000 acres. A parasitic fungus of the fir engraver, Aspergillus parasiticus, may have caused the decline. Three other infestations of this engraver, approximately 600 acres each, two in ARIZONA and the other in New Mexico, remained static. Fir engraver and WESTERN BALSAM BARK BEETLE (Dryocoetes confusus) kill many thousands of true firs each year throughout the Intermountain States (UTAH, NEVADA, southern IDAHO, western WYOMING). The majority of the affected stands are in rather inaccessible areas and have relatively low economic value; thus control of infestations is rarely undertaken, except in high-value recreational areas. Infestations of western balsam bark beetle in-subalpine fir stands in COLORADO were little changed from conditions in 1960. In some locations of that State, there was an increase in the rate of tree-killing. However, the trend was downward in most areas. Western balsam bark beetle continued to take a high toll of corkbark and subalpine firs in northern NEW MEXICO, Tree mortality was particularly severe on 40,000 acres near Red River, Carson National Forest. DOUGLAS-FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus unispinosus) outbreaks occurred in young Douglas-— fir stands on dry sites on the Kaniksu and Colville National Forests in WASHINGTON. No damage was detected in OREGON. Infestations generally develop during dry years and return to normal when growing conditions improve. Also in Oregon and Wash- ington, epidemic infestations of the SCOLYTIDS (Pseudohylesinus spp.) increased slightly in Pacific silver fir stands in both States. However, damage remains well below the levels experienced during the serious 1951-1955 outbreak, No direct control measures have been developed against these insects. Salvage of the infested and dead trees is the only practical solution. CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER (Melanophila californica) contributed to the death of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines in many areas throughout CALIFORNIA. Significant damage was caused to Jeffrey pines in the southern part of that State. Also in California, M. gentilis caused scattered local damage to sugar pines in the central Sierra Nevadas and FLATHEADED FIR BORER (M. drummondi) damaged Douglas-fir on the drier sites in the same general area; and ROUNDHEADED FIR BORER (Tetropium abietis) , which is normally considered a secondary pest of true firs, caused heavy mortality in red fir infested with dwarfmistletoe and Cytospora sp. canker. Tree-killing by this fir borer in California was estimated at 3,000 board feet per acre on about 15,000 acres in the vicinity of Dry Lake, Siskiyou County. WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) was abundant throughout the northern parts of MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN and MINNESOTA on open-growing white, red and jack pines and Norway spruce, The damage caused by the weevil is severe each year and thus —363 = it is judged to be one of the most serious forest insects in the Lake States. The weevil continued to inflict serious damage to white pine, Norway spruce and other conifers in the Northeastern States in 1961. As usual, damage to host trees was most severe in plantations and other similar open-growing sites, Effective and economic control of white-pine weevil has been difficult to attain in the Northeast.. However, the leader drench method of spraying is proving effective and economical and is strongly recommended. Suppression by spraying from air- craft and mistblowers has not proved consistently successful; however, further tests are underway. In MAINE, adults were present on leaders in Kennebec and Lincoln Counties by May 11. Larval injury to pine terminals became apparent in late June in RHODE ISLAND and damage was moderate in the Kingston area of Wash- ington County. SITKA-SPRUCE WEEVIL (Pissodes sitchensis) was recorded for the first time from San Juan County, WASHINGTON, during 1961. PINE CHAFER (Anomala oblivia) - An outbreak of this species on two- or three- year-old loblolly pine plantations in Columbus County, NORTH CAROLINA, declined in 1961 after three years of heavy damage. The population decline was attributed to abnormal moisture conditions at the time the larvae were in the soil. TEN-LINED JUNE BEETLE (Polyphylla decemlineata) larvae damaged approximately 2 million Douglas-fir seedlings in a Lane County, OREGON, planting, with most damage occur-— ring before August. Also in Oregon, ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) severely damaged 50,000 Douglas-fir seedlings in a Marion County planting during the summer, COLUMBIAN TIMBER BEETLE (Corthylus columbianus) was discovered in 6 more INDIANA counties during the 1961 season. The addition of Orange, Rush, Ripley, Washing-= ton, Perry and Jackson Counties indicates a nearly complete distribution in the southern half of the State. The development of this beetle and its associated fungi in vigorous hosts results in excavations and dark staining in soft maple and is highly important, economically. PINE REPRODUCTION WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus eatoni) was particularly abundant in low elevation ponderosa pine plantations and natural reproduction in Tuolumne County, CALIFORNIA. Numbers of trees killed in natural stands were the highest on record. SEED and CONE INSECTS took a heavy toll of the light to moderate seed and cone crop on most commercial coniferous tree species in CALIFORNIA. The very light cone crop of sugar pine was almost completely destroyed by SUGAR-PINE CONE BEETLE (Conophthorus lambertianae). Two species of CONE MOTHS (Dioryctria abietella and Barbara colfaxiana), together with a MIDGE (Contarinia sp.), caused consider- able damage to a light crop of Douglas-fir cones. SEED CHALCIDS (Megas tigmus spp.) and SEED MAGGOTS (Earomyia spp.) caused heavy damage to a light crop of cones in white and red fir. Undetermined species of CONE INSECTS heavily infes-— ted sampled cones of Douglas-fir in Island and San Juan Counties, WASHINGTON, during 1961. ALDER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) populations were heavy in CALIFORNIA and they defoliated many native alder stands. Also in California, a WEEVIL (Angronus cinerarius) was damaging to white fir in the vicinity of Lake Tahoe; a new pest of white fir in that State. SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks in stands of Douglas-fir and true firs on the Fremont National Forest, OREGON, decreased in size and intensity due to the action of insect parasites and disease in 1961. Epidemic infestations in the Blue Mountain region on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, also in Oregon, subsided completely. Infestations on the Yakima Indian Reserva-—- tion and private lands on the Glenwood District in southern WASHINGTON increased considerably in extent and severity in 1961, and higher populations are forecast for 1962. The 1961 egg mass evaluation survey indicated that the downward trend - 364 - on the Fremont National Forest (Oregon) will continue, except on one small area. The Yakima Indian Reservation-Glenwood District (Washington) infestation trend is expected to continue strongly upward. Defoliation in the latter area has reached a critical stage and some top-killing is in progress. Aerial spraying will be necessary in 1962 to protect timber values. Elsewhere in Oregon and Washington, suppression is unnecessary. In CALIFORNIA, the long-standing infes— tation of spruce budworm in stands of white fir in the Warner Mountains, Modoc County, declined. Damage to affected host trees was insignificant. Foliar damage by spruce budworm increased in severity in Douglas-fir stands in the northern half of the outbreak area in MONTANA. Infested acreage remained at approximately 4.5 million acres and is not expected to increase in size. Egg masses were twice as numerous in 1961 as in 1960 -- indicative of heavy defolia- tion in 1962. There was no indication of a decline in the budworm outbreak that has remained epidemic in that area of the northern Rocky Mountain States for 14 years. A widespread increase in scope and severity of spruce budworm infestations occurred in southern IDAHO during 1961. The 1.4 million acres of Douglas-fir and true fir infested represents a 275 percent increase in acreage affected over 1960. Damage levels in 1961 also were much higher than in 1960, with 800,000 acres sustaining medium or heavy defoliation. The increasing trend of spruce budworm infestations is expected to continue unless populations are reduced by direct means. In COLORADO, the acreage of spruce budworm infestations in the true fir and Douglas-fir forests increased 13 percent over that infested in 1960. New outbreaks discovered on the Arapaho, Roosevelt and Routt National Forests, when coupled with those previously known on the Rio Grande, San Juan and Pike National Forests, extended over a total area of 589,200 acres. The severity of defoliation also increased in 1961, causing heavy tree mortality, particularly in the understory, on the Rio Grande, San Juan and Pike Forests. Heavy defoliation and an increase in tree-killing is predicted for all infested areas of Colorado in 1962 unless budworm populations are reduced by direct means. Spruce budworm outbreaks in mixed conifer forests in northern NEW MEXICO encom- passed over a million acres in 1961 -- an increase of about 350,000 acres over 1960. Most of this increase was on private land east of Eagle Nest, New Mexico. Infestation intensity increased in most areas, except on the western division of Sante Fe National Forest, where a decline was noted. The 1961 egg mass survey indicated that the downward trend in the western division of the Sante Fe National Forest will continue, but infestations in all other areas of the State will remain static or increase slightly. In these areas, tree-killing, espe- cially on the understory, and top-killing will increase because of the accumu- lated effect yearly budworm feeding has on its host. Defoliation of spruce-fir timber by spruce budworm was more severe on a larger area in northern MINNESOTA than in 1960. Top-killing and tree mortality also increased throughout the 240,000 acres classed as severely defoliated. The area of moderate to heavy defoliation spread east and southeast. Approximately 13,000 acres of the most damaging infestations in Koochiching County were treated by the State to avert wholesale tree-killing. The suppression project was highly successful. Larval populations were reduced by approximately 97 percent. Signi- ficant infestations of spruce budworm remained confined to northern MAINE in the Northeastern States, where damaging populations have been suppressed annually since 1954 to prevent catastrophic outbreaks, Suppression in 1961 involved treating 53,000 acres of balsam fir in northern Aroostook County, and post-— suppression evaluation revealed a 98 percent reduction in budworm populations. State fish and game biologists found no serious damage to wildlife in the treated area. Spruce budworm surveys in Maine during 1961. showed that poor spring weather had not adversely affected budworm larvae, parasitism remained discouragingly low and egg masses were numerous enough to cause heavy defolia- tion on about 80,000 acres in 1962. Evaluation of damage to host trees in the infestation area resulted in decision by forestry officials of Maine against suppression in 1962, 3 }9}00) LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) , first recorded in outbreak numbers in CALIFORNIA in Modoc County in 1960, continued at a high level and expanded into adjacent areas. Heavy defoliation of host trees occurred on approximately 3,500 acres. JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) defoliated jack pines in varying degree ranging from light to heavy on some 150,000 acres in parts of MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN and MINNESOTA. The most serious infestations, those on approximately 40,000 acres of public and private lands in Wisconsin, were suppressed by aerial treat— ments. The bulk of the infested acreage was on non-Federal lands and was treated by the State of Wisconsin. Population reduction ranging upward from 78 percent was considered satisfactory. Infestations of BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM (Acleris variana) in the hemlock-spruce forests of southeast ALASKA were little changed from conditions in 1960. South of Frederick Sound, larval populations were generally light. North of the Sound, however, and at Rodman Bay and Sitkoh Bay on Baranof and Chichagof Islands, respectively, larval populations were heavy. Parasite enemies of the budworm were relatively scarce in 1961. There was a marked increase in egg deposition by adult female moths during the year in Alaska. Thus, the combin- ation of favorable weather during 1961, low numbers of parasites, and an increase in egg deposition point to a probable increase in the black-headed budworm popu- lation in 1962. Sizeable infestations of black-headed budworm causing light defoliation developed on the Olympic and Snoqualmie National Forests in WASHING- TON. Pacific silver fir and western hemlock were the species attacked. The trend of these infestations is undetermined. Most outbreaks of the insect in OREGON and Washington have subsided within a year or two without causing appreciable damage. SPRUCE BUD MOTH (Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana) outbreaks of light to moderate inten- sity occurred in young Sitka spruce stands at several locations on the west side of the Olympic Peninsula, WASHINGTON. Such outbreaks usually subside quickly without causing serious damage to the stands. Another BUD MOTH (Z. griseana) infested an estimated 250,000 acres of western larch in MONTANA during 1955-1957. Later, the outbreaks subsided and no areas of infestation were again observed until 1961. About 500 acres of larch were heavily infested near Tony Peak, Kootenai National Forest, Montana. LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) was first discovered in the West during the summer of 1957 near St. Maries, IDAHO. When the discovery was made, at least 15,000 acres of western larch host type showed visible defoliation. When the first comprehensive survey was made in 1958, the casebearer was found established in larch stands over a 4,000 square mile area. By 1961, the insect had spread to larch stands in an area of 9,000 square miles. Visible damage seen from the air covers 700 square miles. An attempt to establish biological control in Idaho was undertaken in 1960. Shipments of a braconid parasite (Agathis pumilus) from the Northeastern States were liberated in the infested area. Plans are to intensify biological control in 1962 by liberating larger numbers of parasites and by trying to establish a local source of them for wider distribution. In MAINE, moderate populations of BIRCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora salmani) caused light damage to white birch in northeastern Aroostook County by June 15, Localized outbreaks of DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) occurred in Moscow, Clarks Fork and Bonners Ferry, IDAHO. Several species of fir and spruce were infested. Isolated groups of infested trees were found in a 20-mile area near Bonners Ferry, mostly in farm woodlots. Some owners treated with insecticides to control the pest. Small, localized infestations of the tussock moth occurred on occasion west and south of Denver, COLORADO. One such infestation occurred in 1961 and Colorado blue spruce, planted in the area as ornamentals, were severely defoliated. The tops of the infested trees were killed. Outbreak proportions of the Douglas-fir tussock moth continued in white - 366 - fir and Douglas-fir in several box canyons on Sandia Mountain near Albuquerque, NEW MEXICO. The area is inaccessible to aerial treatment, thus no effort was made in control. SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) was moderate to heavy on Douglas- fir in Kitsap and San Juan Counties, WASHINGTON, during March and April. After a 10-year absence, WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa) reappeared in epidemic numbers in western OREGON. Sizeable areas of light to heavy defoliation occurred in mixed stands of mature and immature western hem-— lock in the vicinity of Astoria, Some mortality has already occurred in localized areas and other valuable stands are threatened. Unless the overwintering egg population is drastically reduced by natural factors, suppression will be needed in 1962 to protect the affected stands. Also in Oregon, WESTERN OAK LOOPER (L. fiscellaria somniaria) outbreaks on Oregon white oak near Dallas and Monmouth continued for a second year. Almost complete defoliation occurred early in the summer, but refoliation was noted when larval feeding was finished. In WASHINGTON, light to severe defoliation of Oregon white oak by western oak looper was reported near Chehalis and Olympia. Outbreaks of this insect generally subside without causing lasting damage; hence, control is usually unnecessary under forest con-= ditions. In NEW JERSEY, a similar LOOPER (L. athasaria pellucidaria) was reported. Moths were numerous in the pine barrens of Atlantic and Ocean Counties in the summer; however, larval damage in the fall was not heavy. An outbreak of a LARCH LOOPER (Semiothisa sexmaculata) occurred in western larch stands on the Colville National Forest, WASHINGTON, extending along the south side of the Columbia River from Northport to the Canadian line. The trend of the infestation is being determined, Control of this insect is usually unneces— sary, since western larch can sustain considerable defoliation without being killed. EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) has long caused serious damage to red pine in parts of CONNECTICUT, NEW JERSEY and PENNSYLVANIA, enough so as to discourage landowners from further planting that species of tree. Infesta- tions in other of the Northeastern States caused damage of varying degrees, The insect appears to be increasing each year. A slight increase in popula- tions of Europen pine shoot moth occurred in most of the infested red pine plantations in Lower MICHIGAN and southern WISCONSIN. There was no spread of infestations, however, and no new infestation discoveries. It is of interest to note that many of the pine plantations sustaining persistent infestations in these two States are outgrowing the effects of past attacks. The European pine shoot moth was reported from widely scattered locations in the Central States and infestations were similar to those in Lower Michigan and southern Wisconsin, European pine shoot moth was discovered in 7 new locations in WASHINGTON and OREGON during 1961. Quarantines have been established to prevent further spread of this insect in the Northwest. See CEIR 12 (14):316 for additional information on this pest in the Northwest and other parts of the country. NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) infestations were light in ILLINOIS and MISSOURI. In the South and Southeast, reports indicated that both Nantucket pine tip moth and PITCH-PINE TIP MOTH (R. rigidana) were present throughout pine-growing areas. In most instances, populations were less abundant than in previous years. Numerous PANDORA MOTH (Coloradia pandora) adults were collected by light trapping in the Long Pines Division, Custer National Forest, MONTANA, but no visible evi- dence of defoliation occurred during the year, The expected damage to stands of lodgepole pine in northern UTAH infested by pandora moth failed to materialize in 1961. The larval population in all infested areas declined, primarily as a result of infection by a native polyhedrosis virus, First-year larvae of the moth were numerous in stands of lodgepole pine along the COLORADO-WYOMING border. = (36% (= Defoliation of host trees was light, but heavy enough to be visible from low-flying aircraft. On the basis of aerial observations, it was estimated that 36,000 acres of host type were defoliated. Infestation spread has been northeastward within the Medicine Bow National Forest, Wyoming. Sudden and severe infestations of PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira piagiata) in stands of jack pine, red pine and white spruce occurred at several locations in the Lake States in 1961. The most severe outbreak, one which completely defoliated host trees, extended over some 3,500 acres in the General Andrews State Forest, MINNESOTA. The others, on Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota, and in portions of Douglas and Bayfield Counties, WISCONSIN, were more extensive but less severe. The infestations in Wisconsin totaled some 60,000 acres. It is predicted that heavier infestations will occur in 1962 in all areas. LODGEPOLE NEEDLE MINER (''Recurvaria" milleri) infestations have increased in severity in the lodgepole pine forests of the Intermountain States since 1957. In 1961, some 200,000 acres were infested in varying degrees, Epidemic centers occurred at several locations in the Targhee and Caribou National Forests, IDAHO; the Bridger National Forest, WYOMING; and the Ashley National Forest, UTAH, Also, an outbreak of this needle miner was discovered in the Big Belt Mountains, Helena National Forest, MONTANA, About 4,500 acres of lodgepole pine were infested. Samples of foliage collected in the fall showed very few overwintering larvae. In CALIFORNIA, the long-standing outbreaks of lodgepole needle miner continued in the lodgepole pine forests in the southern Sierras. The most serious was in the Tuolumne River drainage, Yosemite National Park. However, aerial application of insecticides on approximately 5,000 acres of this infestation during the year greatly reduced populations in treated areas, The outbreaks at Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks and near Mineralking, Tulare County, were little changed from 1960. Damage to lodgepole pine by a closely related species continued heavy at Sentinal Meadows, Mono County. A severe infestation of a PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE MINER (''Recurvaria" moreonella) in ponderosa pine stands occurred on some 19,000 acres of the Ashley National Forest, UTAH. The infestation centers in the newly developed forest recrea- tion area in vicinity of the Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River. The needle miner infested only needles more than 3 years old; thus, trees were but partly defoliated. It was estimated that more than 80 percent of the stand was attacked, An outbreak of an unidentified PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE MINER has been in progress for 4 years on the Warner District of the Fremont National Forest, OREGON. In 1960, the size and intensity of the infestation is potentially important in that the trees may be weakened, making them susceptible to western pine beetle attack from surrounding bark beetle infestations. Life history studies are being made so that control measures can be developed, if necessary. Suppression is not needed in 1962, Populations of an ASPEN LEAF MINER (Phyllocnistis populiella), which have been reported in western WYOMING and eastern IDAHO for the past 10 to 13 years, continued to inflict extensive damage to aspen stands in 1961. Tree mortality, as a result of defoliation, became increasingly evident. There was no effort made to reduce populations by direct means. A serious outbreak of WHITE-FIR NEEDLE MINER (Epinotia meritana) in stands of white fir in southern UTAH was suppressed in 1957 by aerial application of an insecticide. Heavy parasitism of the needle miner population at that time, within and without areas treated, also helped to suppress the outbreak. In 1960, an increase in population was observed in areas previously infested, The upward trend continued in 1961. 30S i= PINE NEEDLE MINER (Exoteleia pinifoliella) pupae were noted in Richmond area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, on June 28, and adults emerged the following week. A COTTONWOOD BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Paraleucoptera albella) damaged cotton= wood trees in Phillips, Toole and Fergus Counties, MONTANA, and caused light damage to narrow leaf cottonwoods in the Sevier—Piute County area of UTAH. Undetermined LEAF MINERS conspicuously damaged quaking aspen foliage in several higher mountainous areas in the northern part of Utah, and an undetermined NEEDLE MINER was abundant on white fir in a portion of Modoc County, CALIFORNIA. Ponderosa pine seedlings and brush species in the Boise Basin, Boise National Forest, IDAHO, have been severely defoliated by TUSSOCK MOTH (Orgyia spp.) larvae since 1959, Populations continued at epidemic levels in 1961 and two plantations, Town Creek and Clay Creek, required controls to save the valuable ponderosa pine seedlings. The tussock moth infestation in stands of white fir at Wheeler Peak, NEVADA, were endemic. Populations in this area were reduced materially in 1960 by aerial application of a polyhedrosis virus. A TORTRICID (Argyrotaenia sp., tentatively determined as A. pinatubana) was found infesting approximately 100,000 acres of lodgepole pine near St. Anthony, IDAHO, The infestation was most severe in reproduction and young trees on cut- over areas, There was no control undertaken and none may be needed. However, the infestation could cause widespread deformity of lodgepole reproduction, which in turn would impair the value of future sawlogs in the area, An unidentified LEAF TIER caused from 75 to 100 percent defoliation of aspen in two areas of about 1,000 acres each in the southern area of UTAH. These two leaf tier outbreaks are the first reported infestations of this magnitude in the State. Unidentified DEFOLIATORS caused heavy defoliation of white spruce in the vicinity of Kachemak Bay in Cook Inlet, ALASKA. The damage was similar to that caused by spruce budworm., Also, almost complete defoliation of alders occurred in high elevations on portions of the Chugach National Forest and along the east side of Susitna Valley, and paper birch at Harding Lake, near Fairbanks, was defoli- ated. None of the defoliating insects has yet been identified. A PHYCITID (Dioryctria sp.) caused light damage similar to the pine tip moths in Houston County, TEXAS. GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) was reported to have developed to major epidemic status in parts of New England and NEW YORK. State and Federal agencies cooper- ated in programs to suppress outbreak populations and prevent spread by treating approximately 165,000 acres. Trapping outside the generally infested area resulted in catches of male moths in parts of NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, NEW YORK, VERMONT, NEW HAMPSHIRE and MAINE, indicating incipient infestations in those areas. In Maine, eggs hatched in hardwood stands in York, Cumberland, Oxford and Washington Counties by mid-May. Aerial control application was made May 17-20 on 1,700 acres in the southern part of the State and 200 acres in Cherryfield, Washington County. First pupation in Maine was observed in Bar Harbor area, Hancock County, July 8. Infestations and damage were heavy on hundreds of acres in the Waterboro-Lyman area of York County; infestations were heavy in T 10 SD, with central 1,000 acres heavily damaged; and moderate to heavy infestations occurred in T 24 MD-SW, with 800 acres damaged, These areas are west and north of Cherryfield, Washington County. All damage in Maine was on hardwoods. In Vermont, gypsy moth was prevalent in Addison County and the pest was abundant west of the Connecticut River in CONNECTICUT. Some 58,000 acres were heavily infested and 45,716 acres treated in that State. Noticeable defoliation was found on 15,775 acres in Connecticut, with 4,200 acres being defoliated 50 percent or more. In RHODE ISLAND, egg hatching was observed in Exeter area, Washington County, and Warwick area, Kent County, on May 15. In MICHIGAN, a survey was conducted from June 26 to September 1 of all previously known infested sites in Calhoun, Clinton, Eaton, Ingham, Ionia, = OO Jackson and Shiawassee Counties. The area included 1,007,360 acres in 1,574 square miles and required 7,476 traps, which included 6 traps in Ottawa County. As a result of the survey, 2 moths were found in 2 traps in Onondaga Township, Ingham County. LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) represents one of a group of problematical pests that may be referred to as "miscellaneous hardwood defoliators."' When defolia- tion is noted, a complex of species is usually involved, with one or two predomi- nating, Outbreaks are generally characterized by sudden population increase and rapid decline, with several years elapsing in an area before the same, or a different complex, causes heavy defoliation again. Because the linden looper is expected to be in major outbreak status on over 40,000 acres in CONNECTICUT in 1962, it is singled out for reporting here. In Connecticut in 1961, approx- imately 1,500 acres were treated to suppress a complex of about 4 species, predominantly CANKERWORMS. Noticeable defoliation was seen on 37,500 acres located west of the Connecticut River. A fall flight of male moths in the area indicates that the linden looper will reach epidemic status on a much larger acreage, At the same time, the cankerworms in the species complex may prove less severe. In NEW YORK, heavy adult flights of linden looper occurred in the Albany area of the Hudson Valley and part of Long Island during November. Cankerworms are expected to be troublesome in 1962 in New York. ELM SPANWORM (Ennomos subsignarius) defoliation of oaks, hickories and other hardwoods in the tri-State area of GEORGIA, TENNESSEE and NORTH CAROLINA encom- passed a gross area of 1,532,000 acres in 1961. This was a slight decrease over last year's gross area of 1,676,000 acres. However, there was a considerable increase in the acreage with moderate and heavy defoliation. The movement of the outbreak in 1961 continued to be in a northerly and easterly direction. An egg mass survey in September indicated a population decline over most of Tennes- see, Georgia and southwestern North Carolina, Egg mass counts were high, how- ever, in Macon and Graham Counties, North Carolina, and Rabun and Habersham Counties, Georgia. Moderate to heavy defoliation can be expected in these counties in 1962. Elm spanworm infestations were suppressed on a total of 7,850 acres of high value recreational and research areas on the Chattahoochee National Forest, Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest and the Coweeta Hydrologic Labora- tory in Macon County, North Carolina. Suppression was by helicopter application of an insecticide. Epidemic populations of FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) , on two small tracts near Hot Springs, NORTH CAROLINA, declined as a result of late spring frost. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) is a serious defoliator of cottonwood, willow and other broad-leaved trees in ARIZONA and NEW MEXICO. Damage caused by this insect increased considerably at Aztec Ruins, Chaco Canyon and Bandelier National Monuments in New Mexico. Damage was common on various forest trees in eastern TEXAS during the year. Colonies of the pests were commonly seen feeding on sourwood, persimmon and other hardwoods during the late summer throughout the Piedmont and mountain section of NORTH CAROLINA. In some localities, individual trees were stripped of their foliage, but nowhere were extensive areas completely defoliated. High populations of fall webworm on roadside trees from MAINE to VIRGINIA and westward led to many reports of its unusual abundance in 1961. The esthetic value of affected trees in many locations likely will lead to some suppression effort in 1962 in the North- eastern States. Natural factors are expected to exert a controlling influence on webworm populations in the near future and outbreaks are not expected to continue beyond 1963 in that area of the country. Moderate defoliation of hardwoods by FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) occurred at many locations in the Northeastern States. With the exception of an increasing infestation in western MASSACHUSETTS, populations declined from levels that occurred in 1960. Forest tent caterpillar severely - 370 - defoliated water tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum and other bottomland hardwoods over extensive areas in LOUBSIANA and ALABAMA during the spring. In Louisiana, three areas totaling about 1,500,000 acres were completely defoliated. One, east of Alexandria, covered at least 300,000 acres. About 250,000 acres were defoli- ated just west of New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain, and over one million acres were defoliated in the Atchafalaya Basin. Most of the latter two areas were also defoliated in 1960. In southern Alabama, along the Alabama River, complete defoliation occurred on an estimated 200,000 acres. This was an increase of 144,000 acres over 1960. An additional 450,000 acres were lightly defoliated in that State. Severe defoliation is expected to occur in all infested areas in both Alabama and Louisiana in 1962 unless natural factors, such as parasites and predators, intervene. Two species of tent caterpillars, forest tent caterpillar and GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile), caused moderate defoliation of aspen, cotton- wood and various browse plants in several areas throughout UTAH, western WYOMING, southern IDAHO and portions of NEVADA. However, it is noteworthy that infesta-—- tions of Great Basin tent caterpillar in stands of aspen in southern COLORADO continued a downward trend in 1961. Infested patches of aspen were found only at scattered locations on the Gunnison and San Juan National Forests in the latter State. In NEW MEXICO, aspen on 100,000 acres in the northern part of the State was severely defoliated by Great Basin tent caterpillar. An infesta- tion also increased on the Navajo Indian Reservation after several years of downward trend, RED-HUMPED OAKWORM (Symmerista albifrons) completely defoliated northern hard- woods on a large aggregate acreage in Upper MICHIGAN and northern WISCONSIN. The outbreaks occurred in small, well-defined areas on a total of some 12,000 acres, Larval feeding was during late summer and early fall, thus it is likely that defoliated trees were not seriously damaged. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) , VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) , SPINY OAKWORM (Anisota stigma) and ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (A. senatoria) were observed defoliating oaks in widely scattered areas through- out the hardwood areas of the Gulf States. In RHODE ISLAND, larval infestations of variable oak leaf caterpillar were present on oak in Exeter, Washington County, ‘in mid-September and small, localized infestations of orange-striped oakworm developed in woodland areas of the State during early September. Also in Rhode Island, the first larval injury of a GEOMETRID (Calocalpe undulata) to wild cherry became apparent in South Kingstown, Washington County, at the end of July. A PHYCITID (Euzophera ostricolorella) presents a serious problem in tulip-poplar timber trees in La Porte County, INDIANA. In May, a 100-percent infestation of this pest was present in three timber stands, totaling about 100 acres. This pest, previously known from states east and south of Indiana, has only recently become established in the State and poses a serious threat to the growing of this valuable tree. Later in 1961, this species was recovered for the first time in Dubois County in the southern portion of the State. Although the borer restricts its activities to the root collar region of trees of all sizes, it is causing great concern among foresters because excavations under the bark enhance the invasion of secondary pathogens and insects into the plant tissue. The infestations on these 2 extreme locations have been present for at least several years. A FLANNEL MOTH (Megalopyge sp.) defoliated oak in areas of Edwards Plateau, TEXAS, OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) caused extensive damage to oak woods throughout the northern third of INDIANA. = Olan Two outbreaks of an unidentified GELECHIID MOTH occurred during 1961 in the northern Rocky Mountain States. Defoliation occurred in the terminals of lodgepole pine. In the Gallatin National Forest, MONTANA, 3,500 acres were infested. Samples of defoliated lodgepole pine were also received from Yellow- stone National Park, WYOMING. INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) populations were light to moderate in MAINE; only light damage was noted on white pine in Topsfield, Washington County, on July 17. The sawfly declined in north central MINNESOTA and northwestern WISCONSIN as a result of natural factors. EUROPEAN SPRUCE SAWFLY (D. hercyniae) was common in eastern and central forest areas of MAINE in mid-July. SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) defoliated young ponderosa pine, white fir and Douglas-fir at scattered locations in CALIFORNIA; and a new infestation of Neodiprion sp. was found in ponderosa pine near Magdalena in western NEW MEXICO. Sawfly colonies per tree, in the latter State, were usually less than three and infested trees were scattered, The infestation in the Zuni Mountains, about 80 miles northwest of Magdalena, New Mexico, persisted on about 1,200 acres. Damage to host trees in that area was moderate. Hatch of Neodiprion spp. was about 2 weeks earlier than usual in southern VIRGINIA, beginning about March 6-7. Defoli- ation in the State was less than anticipated, based on winter egg survey, probably due to extended cool, wet spring, coupled with earlier hatching than usual. Infestations were general in Charlotte, Fairfax, Prince Edward, Nottoway, Amelia, Dinwiddie, Prince George and Brunswick Counties, Virginia. In NEW JERSEY, Neo- diprion spp. were abundant locally in Ocean County in late April. BALSAM-FIR SAWFLY (Neodiprion abietis) was common on fir in northern and eastern areas of MAINE during mid-July, and JACK-PINE SAWFLY (N. pratti banksianae) was noted in light numbers in stands of jack pine infested by jack-pine budworm on the Chippewa National Forest, MINNESOTA. EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (N. sertifer) increased slightly in red pine plantations in Lower MICHIGAN and caused especially heavy defoliation of pine trees in the northern third of INDIANA, The species is now rather generally distributed in the latter State. RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) was reported from a few locations in the Central States. The local outbreak in Lower MICHIGAN declined from natural factors. The sawfly defoliated 2,000 acres of 3- and 4-year-old loblolly pines in Columbus County, NORTH CAROLINA; feeding occurred in localized spots and, in some cases, individual trees were stripped of their foliage. Red-headed pine sawfly caused local damage in many VIRGINIA counties during 1961. Scattered infestations of the red-headed pine sawfly were damaging to red and Scotch pines, notably in plantations from NEW YORK southward to KENTUCKY, WEST VIRGINIA and Virginia. Damage ranged from light to very heavy, with killing of small groups of trees in some places. The large number of small outbreaks of this and other sawfly species, over a wide geographical area in the Northeastern States, points to the need for early detection and prompt suppression to prevent damage and loss to affected stands. A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) outbreak on Virginia, pitch and short- leaf pines has occurred in extensive areas of MARYLAND, VIRGINIA and parts of NORTH CAROLINA for the past several years. The infestation persisted throughout the tri-State area in 1961, but was less severe than in 1960. Cool, wet weather adversely affected the larvae and the trend of the outbreaks is downward. In north central North Carolina, damage was noticeable on shortleaf and Virginia pines only in Granville, Vance, Durham, Orange and Franklin Counties. The sawfly was reported from only a few locations in the Central States. HEMLOCK SAWFLY (Neodiprion tsugae) occurred only in light numbers in the forested areas of southeast ALASKA, Larval counts in sample areas were but 25-33 percent of those occurring in 1960 and eggs were absent in all collections. Extremely light populations are predicted for 1962. In north central MONTANA, N. nanulus - 372 - contortae and N. fulviceps have seriously defoliated 6,000 acres of lodgepole and ponderosa pines since 1958. Larval forms of these species collected in 1961 died during rearing, of what was tentatively determined as a polyhedrosis virus. Later, field examinations indicated that the disease has reduced the larval populations in that area of Montana. The outlook for 1962 is for light defoliation in all areas. In NEVADA, an outbreak of N. edulicolus has persisted in stands of pinyon pine near Pioche for the past several years. During 1960, unseasoned snowstorms and low temperatures, combined with increased numbers of sawfly parasites, reduced the populations to a relatively low level in that area of Nevada. In 1961, the populations of N. edulicolus increased and affected trees were lightly defoliated. No effort was made to suppress populations by direct means and usu- ally none is needed because affected stands are of low value. However, defolia-— tion seriously curtails the harvest of pinyon pines from the area for use as Christmastrees. In ARKANSAS, N. taedae linearis defoliated approximately 50 acres of thinly stocked stands of loblolly pine. YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) infestations were moderate on white spruce in local areas of Indian Township, Washington County, MAINE, in mid-July. The only known active infestation of LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) in northern IDAHO was in pole-sized stands of western larch in the Olsen Creek drainage, St. Joe National Forest. Approximately 1,100 acres were infested. However, epidemie numbers of larvae severely defoliated larch stands near McCall, Idaho. Pupal density in Outbreak area was high. Laboratory rearings showed a high percentage of them was parasitized, thus the surviving popula- tion may be insufficient to cause noticeable defoliation in the McCall area in 1962, Larch stands in Upper MICHIGAN were severely defoliated in 1961. A PINE SAWFLY (Zadiprion rohweri) varied from light to heavy on pinyon pine in Clark County, NEVADA, in late July and August. The heaviest infestations occurred between 4,000 and 5,000 feet, but trace numbers were found at 6,500 feet. Zadiprion sp. was present in light to very heavy numbers on the same host in Douglas, Lyon, Ormsby and Washoe Counties, Nevada, in August and early September, The degree and severity of infestations were the same as with the previous species, but at the lower elevations many trees were completely defoli- ated. Several species of HORNTAILS (Sirex spp.) attacked white and red firs and incense cedars on several of the 1960 burns in Sierra and Placer Counties, CALIFORNIA. Lumber processed from the attacked trees was severely degraded as a result of the borer damage. TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) defoliated young pine seedlings in west central LOUISIANA and other areas within its range. BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) infestations in subalpine fir stands increased in size and intensity in OREGON. The largest and most severe out— breaks occurred on the Willamette National Forest. Mortality in Pacific silver fir and grand fir was at a very low level, except in a few local areas. The trend is strongly upward in subalpine fir, but variable in Pacific silver fir and grand fir. Direct control is impractical under forest conditions. For the past 5 years, efforts to establish colonies of foreign insect predators have been made with some success. Several species have become established and show some promise of reducing aphid populations. The balsam woolly aphid was detected on Fraser fir on Mt. Mitchell State Park, NORTH CAROLINA, in 1957. Surveys the following year indicated that the infestation was restricted to 7,100 acres of spruce-fir type in the Mt. Mitchell area. During 1961, increased mortality of the Fraser fir on Mt. Mitchell was noted. In addition, isolated infestations were found on shade trees in Avery, Burke and Yancey Counties, North Carolina. Aerial surveys in the fall of 1961 indicated that native spruce-fir stands on = 37/3) = Roan Mountain, Grandfather Mountain, the Great Smokey Mountains National Park and Richland Mountain were free from aphid attack. Balsam woolly aphid is generally distributed throughout stands of balsam fir in MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT and portions of NEW YORK. It is a serious pest in all of those areas, gouting and killing affected trees. The successful establishment of the pre- daceous beetle (Laricobius erichsonii) in aphid-infested stands in eastern Canada and in portions of Maine, prompted increased efforts in 1961 to effect biological control of the aphid in several New England locations. Colonies of 500 or more of the beetles, imported from Germany, were released on heavily infested firs at several places in Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire. In all, approximately 20,000 beetles were released at 20 separate locations. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) was numerous and damaging to spruce in parts of the Dixie National Forest in UTAH. The heaviest infestations of PINE LEAF APHID (Pineus pinifoliae) in the North- eastern States occurred in MAINE and NEW HAMPSHIRE. Spot infestations also occurred in NEW YORK and VERMONT. The accumulation of galls on red spruce was heavy in all infested areas. Aphid damage to white pine in eastern Maine, an area supporting a long-term heavy infestation, amounted to as much as 29 percent of the understory trees more than three feet tall,in mixed stands. Tree mortal- ity in mixed stands was 15 times greater than in open stands. Migration from pine to spruce in Maine was at a peak in Washington County by June 20. Various species of APHIDS were general on hardwoods throughout MAINE. Nymphal populations of SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) occurred in large numbers in many red pine plantations in northern WISCONSIN and Upper MICHIGAN, Infested plantations on a total of 3,500 acres were treated in late June and early July to avert damage to host trees by adults. It is anticipated that an additional 3,500 acres of plantations will need controls in those areas in 1962. Moderate infestations of PINE SPITTLEBUG (A. parallela) nymphs occurred on pitch pine in the Richmond area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in late June. A RED-PINE SCALE (Matsucoccus resinosae) , which is a serious pest of red pine in the Bridgeport, CONNECTICUT, area, and on Long Island and Westchester County, NEW YORK, was found on a 160-acre watershed planting around the Wanagua Reser- voir, NEW JERSEY, in 1960. New Jersey officials took vigorous steps in 1961 to eliminate the scale from the watershed planting and adjacent small areas -—- the only known infestations in the State -- by destroying all host trees. New York and Connecticut also expanded detection programs and are destroying infested host trees to reduce scale spread. An effective method for control of the scale, short of elimination of host trees, is not known. A COCCID (Matsucoccus acalyptus) killed hundreds of young pinyon pines in the Mineral Range Mountains of Beaver County, UTAH, and in foothill areas of western Iron County in the same State. In NEVADA, this same species was heavy on pinyon pines in many areas of Clark, Esmeralda and Lincoln Counties. The infestations are expected to persist in both States in 1962 and further defoliate affected trees. Infestations of M. acalyptus continued very heavy at Grand Canyon National Park, ARIZONA, and at Mesa Verde National Park, COLORADO. The coccid has caused limited tree mortality in these latter two areas. It assumes great economic importance in recreation areas of the Southwest where pinyon pine is often the only tree available for shade, The killing of beech by BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) and the Nectaria fungus complex continued in northern New England and NEW YORK. Populations of the scale increased in the more recently infested stands and there was spread to new areas. Nectaria commonly follows in the wake of beech scale infestations to complete the tree-killing process. Another SCALE INSECT (Xylococculus betulae) was common on beech on the eastern slopes of the White Mountains, NEW HAMPSHIRE, - 374 - PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) caused considerable damage to young ponderosa pine pole stands in and near The Dalles, OREGON. Elsewhere in the pine region of Oregon and WASHINGTON, subepidemic losses occurred around orchards, The buildup of these infestations appears to be due to the reduction of predators and parasites by spray drift. The insect is not sufficiently important in Oregon and Washington to warrant suppression, Populations of a spruce MEALYBUG (Puto sp.) continued at epidemic levels within Engelmann spruce stands in southern UTAH. The infestations occur in three separate areas, totaling approximately 60,000 acres. Mortality of Engelmann spruce repro- duction is noticeable within the older infestations. WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) was abundant on oaks at several locations in WISCONSIN, The most extensive outbreak, one which stripped foliage on trees attacked, occurred on 30,000 acres in Marinette County. Other infestations of lesser severity and on smaller acreages were reported from Marathon, Dunn, Oconto and Eau Claire Counties. In INDIANA, walkingstick continued in epidemic proportions in Starke County in a second-growth stand of black oaks. Major to complete defoliation had no apparent effect on the oak hosts; however, this species is a potential devastator of other hardwoods, such as maple. Although numerous parasitic tachinids were recovered during both 1960 and 1961 in Indiana, the population appeared to be as severe in 1961 as in the previous year. Walking- sticks, primarily D. femorata, defoliated several thousand acres of oak in south- western ARKANSAS and southeastern OKLAHOMA during the fall. The infestations in Arkansas were much heavier than those of 1960. Very little damage is expected to host trees from the infestation of 1961 because of the time of year defolia- tion occurred, Unspecified species of GRASSHOPPERS caused defoliation of Siberian elm at Esmond, Benson County, NORTH DAKOTA, and injury to pine and spruce transplants was reported in an experimental nursery planting at Bottineau, Bottineau County, North Dakota. In CALIFORNIA, grasshoppers caused some local damage to seedling conifers. Infestations of a NEEDLE MIDGE (Contarinia sp.) are a serious problem to the Christmastree industry in western MONTANA and northern IDAHO. The area infested greatly increased in 1961. Various species of GALL MITES were numerous on hardwoods throughout MARNE in 1961. eas cae bali whe say tb pene Pep taoucha re 5 e PLANT PEST co} \ AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 April 20, 1962 Number 16 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS GREENBUG caused heavy damage to several fields in few panhandle counties of Texas; however, occurrences were local, with counts of over 1,000 per foot. Generally, populations less than 100 per foot and general outbreak not expected in area this year. Populations variable in north central Texas counties and causing consider- able damage to seedling grain sorghum in Brazos County. Greenbug increased considerably in southwest and west central Oklahoma; remains noneconomic in north- west and north central areas. (p. 377). Rainfall generally reduced BROWN WHEAT MITE populations in Oklahoma and populations in panhandle area of Texas not expected to cause further damage. ALFALFA WEEVIL controls applied to several thousand acres in Klamath County, Oregon, where severe infestations occurred during 1961; applications also made in several areas of Utah. Adult alfalfa weevil damage found in Crowley County, Colorado. Adult activity curtailed in Maryland by cool, wet weather. (p. 378). ARMY CUTWORM continues a problem in forage crops in central third of Texas; damage reported in Weld and Adams Counties, Colorado; and control necessary on alfalfa at Marysvale, Utah. (p. 379). PEA APHID increasing slowly in Maryland and continues to build up in Oklahoma, especially in south central area. Pea aphid variable on alfalfa in Kaufman County, Texas, and heavy enough in 250-acre field in Comanche County to warrant control. (pp. 379, 380). LYGUS BUG adults and nymphs common in alfalfa, state- wide, in Arizona; nymphs becoming more abundant on this crop in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties, New Mexico; and active in Utah, Juab and Sanpete Counties, Utah. (p. 380). APPLE APHID and ROSY APPLE APHID becoming pests of apple trees in Northeast; rosy apple aphid producing young in Kane County, Utah. Large number of PEAR PSYLLA eggs laid at Storrs, Connecticut; expected to become a problcm this year. (p. 381). GREEN PEACH APHID heavy on sugar beets in Stanislaus County, California; troublesome on several truck crops in Arizona; and increasing in Moapa Valley, Nevada. (p. 382). SOME FIRST SEASON REPORTS Pupation of EUROPEAN CORN BORER underway in Delaware; CORN EARWORM larvae in Oklahoma; LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL adults in Delaware and Illinois; SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL in Illinois and Utah; VETCH BRUCHID adults in Texas; ALFALFA CATERPILLAR adults and larvae in Arkansas; RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER moths in New Jersey; POTATO PSYLLID adults in Clark County, Nevada; MEADOW SPITTLEBUG in Oregon and Mary- land; WHITE-PINE APHID eggs in Maryland; ELM LEAF BEETLE adults in Rhode Island; FACE FLY in Indiana and Illinois; and MOSQUITO adults reported in Delaware and Utah. DETECTION A SPITTLEBUG (Lepyronia coleoptrata) confirmed for first time in North America (New York) (p.395). New State records were BALSAM TWIG APHID in North Carolina (p. 385), and an ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus dubius) from Rhode Island (p. 378). New county records were PITCH-PINE TIP MOTH from Cleveland, Lincoln, Ashley, Union and Hempstead Counties, Arkansas (p. 384), and BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH from Piute County, Utah (p. 388). CORRECTION and ADDITIONAL NOTES See page 391 (continued on page 376) — B73) > SPECIAL REPORTS Change of Name of Migratory Grasshopper. Name for Melanoplus bilituratus (Walker) now M. sanguinipes (F.). (p. 391). Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Grain Corn in the United States in 1961. Estimated losses in 1961 were 65,044,000 bushels and $68 ,998 ,000. (p. 393). The Spittlebug, Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus), in North America (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Presence of this species in Nearctic Region confirmed. (p. 395). Periodical Cicada Outlook for 1962. Areas of heaviest infestation expected to be along the Atlantic seaboard from North Carolina to Connecticut. (p. 397). Interceptions of Special Interest at U. S. Ports of Entry. (p. 399). Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States -— Cabbage Thrips (Thrips angusticeps Uzel). (p. 399). 0802202000800 © Reports in this issue are for week ending April 13,unless otherwise indicated. FOI CR AK WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-APRIL TO MID-MAY 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for period mid-April to mid-May calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern half of the Nation, with greatest departures in the Southeast. Above normal temperatures are expected to prevail in the West except for near to below normal in the Pacific Northwest. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in the Middle and North Atlantic States, and also the Pacific Northwest. Subnormal amounts are indicated for the Southwest, the southern and central Plains, and the Lower Mississippi Valley. In the remaining unspecified area about normal amounts are in prospect. Weather forecast givenhere is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"! published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super— intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 16 The week was mostly warm in the Far West, cold in the Great Plains and Central and Appalachian States, and about normal along the Atlantic coast. Temperatures over 90° were recorded in the interior valleys of California, the Southwest Deserts and eastward across southern New Mexico and western Texas. Yuma broke the 90° mark each day and had maxima exceeding 100° on the 12th through the 15th, with 106° on Friday the 13th. High temperatures into the low 90's pushed into southern Georgia on Wednesday, but receded as cooler air moved south after the midweek. In Minnesota, temperatures averaged as much as 16° below normal, and from central Kentucky westward over southeast Missouri more than 9° below normal. While daily record lows were set at many stations in these areas toward the end of the period, daily record highs were being set in the northern Rocky Mountain States. Boise, Idaho, had 86° on the 14th, On the 15th, 85° at Billings, Montana, was warmer than Miami's 79°. On the same day, the thermometer at Bemidji, Minnesota, dipped to 5°. Freezing temperatures reached into most of the Nation, except for coastal and southern sections. The 32° mark was not recorded further east than the Atlantic side of the Appalachians, nor further south than the northern sections of the Gulf States. Texas had no freezing, except locally in some northern spots. In the Far West, lower elevations of the Southwest and Pacific States were the only areas free of minimum temperatures of 32° and lower. (Weather continued on page 392) - 377 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Found in 19 panhandle counties during period March 14 to April 4. Several fields heavily damaged in a few counties; these were local occurrences, with populations of over 1,000 per foot. Gener- ally, populations less than 100 per foot; many less than 20 per foot. General outbreak not expected this year. (Daniels). Populations in north central counties variable, with only local instances of economic damage. Generally, populations ranged 50-100 per foot of row. High percentage of parasitism noted. (Turney, Wagner, Newton). Greenbug causing considerable damage to seedling grain sorghum in Brazos County. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA —- Populations increased consider- ably in southwest and west central areas; counts per linear foot ranged 15-150 in southwest, 60-100 in Cordell area, Washita County (west central). Most wheat in these areas in boot stage and no extensive ''greenbug spots" are noticeable, Controls applied to only occasional fields in Cordell-Hobart area (west central) and Walters area (southwest). Populations remain noneconomic in northwest and north central areas; counts in south central area ranged 10-200 per foot, with high count in spots in one field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS — None present in most small grain in southern area. Low numbers, 40-50 per 100 sweeps, found in field of oats on Kelso Experiment Station in Desha County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - None found in field of wheat examined in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh) . CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Building up in barley in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light populations, 10 per foot, noted in small grain in Limestone County. (Newton). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii)- OKLAHOMA — Populations remain low in west central and southwest areas; 0-15 per linear foot. Ranged 50-250 per linear foot on wheat in Johnston County; localized populations reported in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS -— Averaged about 50 per linear foot in small grain in Limestone County. (Newton). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - OKLAHOMA - Light populations of 8 per linear foot observed on wheat in Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Adults ranged 200-300 per 100 plants in 6 fields of young corn and sorghum in Live Oak County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar). NEW YORK — Collected from turf sample in Nassau County during last week of March. Also, 40 adults counted in a 100-square-foot area along edge of woods adjacent to lawn in same county on April 5. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Dikraneura carneola common on winter wheat north of Nephi, Juab County. (Knowlton). WYOMING — Cuerna sp. numerous in alfalfa and weed areas bordering alfalfa in Johnson, Sheridan and Converse Counties. (Fullerton). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Overwintering mortality survey begun in southeast; mortality averaged 13 percent in area, Apparently overwintering mortality will be low in State this year. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Further dissection of corn showed overwintering mortality of 0-15 percent in northeast and east central areas. Predation by birds would approach 90 percent in most fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Averaged 47 borers per 100 stalks in 5 fields in northwest area; averaged 59 borers per 100 stalks in this area in fall of 1961, which is approximately a 20-percent reduction. Counts averaged 1,471 borers per acre in west central area. (Allemann). DELAWARE - Pupation increased very slightly over report of week ending April 6. (Burbutis). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARKANSAS - This is first year of 4-year period of early egg deposition survey that eggs were not found in numbers in southern part of State the second week of April. Apparently egg deposition is not underway at this time and moth emergence has been delayed by cool weather. (Boyer, Whitcomb). OKLAHOMA - Averaged one per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Choctaw County. This is first report of season and is about one month earlier than in previous 3 years. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). = 378 - DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) —- ARIZONA - Increasing in young corn and sorghum in central and southwest areas; 3-4 per plant in some fields. (Ariz: Coop. Sur.). A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus callosa) - GEORGIA - Light on corn in Colquitt County. (Johnson) . A GROUND BEETLE (Bembidion sp.) - TEXAS - Suspected of damaging rice in Wharton County by “stinging" young plants one-half inch above seed where shoot is white and tender. (Smith). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE -— Adults quite numerous in most areas of State. (Rosen BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Counts per linear foot on wheat were 0-5 in Prowers and Bent Counties, 5-10 in Otero County; none found in Crowley, Pueblo and western Otero Counties. (Schweissing). OKLAHOMA —- Rainfall during week April 8-14 generally reduced populations; only light, scattered populations noted in southwest and west central areas. Light populations reported from Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - After recent rains, infestations in panhandle area not expected to cause further damage. (Daniels). Light populations noted in Abilene area, Taylor County. (Garner). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus dubius) -— RHODE ISLAND — Heavy infestation occurred on timothy(Phleum sp.) in South Kingstown, Washington County, on May 9, 1961. Collected by T. W. Kerr. Det. by H. H. Keifer. This is a new State record. (Kerr) . ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Controls completed over several thousand acres in Klamath County, where severe infestations occurred during 1961 season. (Capizzi). UTAH - Control application completed on 50-75 percent of alfalfa acreage in several areas of Sanpete County. Adults active in various areas in northern and central parts of State. Stubble spray applied over all acreage around Marysvale Junction, Utah County; will soon be applied to balance of alfalfa at Kingston, Piute County. Moderate in Glendale-Orderville area, and less common at Kanab, both in Kane County. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Adults less than one per square yard in alfalfa in Johnson, Sheridan and Converse Counties. Alfalfa plants had less than one inch of growth in all areas sur- veyed. (Fullerton). COLORADO - Adult damage found in Crowley County. (Schweissing). VIRGINIA - First instars heavy in abandoned field near Blacks-— burg, Montgomery County (Guerra); first, second and third instars present in Lee County (Rowell, Trundle). First instars locally light in one of 3 fields checked in Bedford County and one field in Campbell County. Adults also present in infested fields. (Tarpley). MARYLAND — Light numbers of small larvae noted on alfalfa in Dorchester County. Adult activity curtailed by cool, wet weather. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) — CALIFORNIA - Larval infestations medium on burr clover in Fallbrook and on yellow clover in Dulzura, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE —- Adults present in alfalfa in New Castle County. (Bray). ILLINOIS - Adult counts per square foot O-1 (averaged 0.08) in clover fields in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpite) i. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 4 adults per square foot in field of sweetclover in Lawrence County. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Notching leaves at Kanab, Kane County. (Knowlton). = 3/719) = CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to alfalfa in Wilbarger County. Gaboren ILLINOIS - Average populations per square foot during the period April 1-15, by year, are tabulated below.(I11. Ins. Rpt.). Sections of Illinois Year West Central West-southwest East-southeast 1954 31.7 42.0 28.0 21.5 1955 7.0 13.0 5.8 13.0 1956 Pye) 8.0 1.3 2.3 1957 18.6 I / eal SO 20.6 1958 2.0 1.6 --- 2.1 1959 aS 2.0 4.9 2.7 1960 aa 10.0 -—= 15.7 1961 =a 13.8 mS 13.2 1962 SS 26.5 16.0 4.5 VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Light adult numbers appearing in experimental plots in Brazos County. (Randolph). WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - OREGON - Adult flights appearing in light trap collections at widely scattered points are more abundant than usual. (Goeden). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA — Light (0.1-2.0 per sweep) on alfalfa throughout south central and southeast areas. (kaa Coop Sur). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Continues a problem in forage crops in central third of State; causing moderate damage to alfalfa at Vernon, Wilbarger County. (Lehmberg). COLORADO - Larvae per foot in wheat and alfalfa averaged 2 in Crowley County, ranged 0-2 in Prowers County. Damage reported in Weld and Adams Counties. (Schweissing, Lesser, Boyce, Schafer). WYOMING - Few larvae found in winter wheat and on rangeland bordering cultivated fields in Sheridan and Campbell Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Necessitated controls on 70 acres of alfalfa at Marysvale, Piute County. (Knowlton). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA — Light, one per sweep, on alfalfa in McCurtain County; 1-5 per square foot noted on vetch in Love County. This is first reported activity of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS — Occa- sional specimen taken on alfalfa and crimson clover in southwest and southeast areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARKANSAS - Adults very active in central and southern sections; eggs easily found and few larvae collected. (Ark. Ins. Suk). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Numbers increasing slowly, but light to date on alfalfa in Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ‘VIRGINIA - Light in alfalfa checked in Bedford and Campbell Counties; counts per 50 sweeps were 60, 300 and 800, respectively, in 3 fields in Bedford County, and 900 in one Campbell County field. None infected by fungus; predators common in most fields. (Tarpley). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-2 (averaged 0.08) per square foot in east-south- east district, with 50 per 100 sweeps in one field of 3-inch alfalfa. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Counts low in most southern area legumes; up to several hundred per 100 sweeps taken in few fields of alfalfa. Numbers being affected by hymenopterous parasites in most fields and reduced by disease in some fields. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Continues to build up, especially in south cen= tral area, with 50-800 per sweep. Lower counts of 20-100 per sweep in south= west and 30-150 per sweep in southeast observed on alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). = 380 - TEXAS - Variable on alfalfa and vetch in Kaufman County; ranged from practically none to 1,000 per 5 sweeps. (Turney). Heavy enough in 250-acre field of alfalfa in Comanche County to warrant control. (Dickson). Populations on vetch and alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties unchanged for 10 days; 50-200 per 5 sweeps. (Newton). NEW MEXICO —- Remains generally light in alfalfa in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Present on alfalfa at Kanab, Kane County. (Knowlton). / SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) —- NEW MEXICO - Remains generally light in alfalfa in southern counties. (N. M Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS — None found in southern area of State. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). COWPEA APHID (Aphis sp., probably craccivora) - NEVADA -— Counts per sweep in alfalfa ranged 3-8 in Las Vegas and 0-4 in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel). ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - WYOMING - Few adults present in crowns of alfalfa in Johnson and Sheridan Counties. (Fullerton). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa in south central and southeast areas; 1-15 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). VIRGINIA —- Few collected in 3 fields of alfalfa in Bedford County and one field in Campbell County. (Tarpley). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Adults and nymphs common in alfalfa state- wide, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Nymphs becoming more abundant in alfalfa in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties; averaged 1-3 per sweep. Occasional adults present. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH — Active on mustards and alfalfa in Utah, Juab and Sanpete Counties; L. elisus most numerous species, (Knowlton). BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - ARKANSAS - Occasional specimen collected on crimson clover in southern area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Adults ranged 2-5 per 25 sweeps in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - UTAH - Numerous in alfalfa in Ephraim-Manti area, Sanpete County, and in Glendale-Orderville area, Kane County. Less numerous at Kanab. (Knowlton). THRIPS - NEW MEXICO —- Becoming more numerous in alfalfa throughout most of State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - First instars of unspecified species noted in margins of alfalfa in Cordell area, Washita County, week of April 6. (Okla. Coop.Sur.) GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Very heavy on untreated safflower in central area of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Infestations range light to medium in some Yuma County flax. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) - COLORADO - Damaged lawn in Arapahoe County. (Lane, Hantsbarger, Lawson). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga crassissima) — KANSAS - Adult collected adjacent to bluegrass lawn in Manhattan, Riley County, April 9. Previous record of first appearance in State is April 22, (Burkhardt). = 381 = FRUIT INSECTS APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Hatching in Litchfield area, Litchfield County; large numbers expected in New Haven, New Haven County, and Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatched on apple April 5 in southwest area; also in Snyder County on same date, but was not abundant on apple. Very plentiful on apple trees in south central area. (Menusan, Gesell, Pepper). UTAH - Beginning to produce young at Kanab and Glendale, Kane County. (Knowlton). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) -— MASSACHUSETTS - Hatching expected soon; controls recommended. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on apple; up to 20 per bud in south central area. (Pepper). UTAH - Mature, and producing young at Kanab and Glendale, Kane County. (Knowlton). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MASSACHUSETTS - Most abundant aphid on apple buds. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). ‘CONNECTICUT - Hatching in Litchfield area, Litchfield County; large numbers expected in New Haven, New Haven County, and Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching occurred in south- west area on apple on April 5. Very plentiful on apple in south central area during week. (Menusan, Pepper). KANSAS - About 50 percent of untreated apple tree buds in orchard in Doniphan County infested; ranged 0-25 per bud, with average of 5 per infested bud. (Eshbaugh, Peters). APHIDS - CONNECTICUT - Controls recommended for dooryard apple trees. Aphids generally easy to find on developing buds. (Savos). NEW YORK — Hatching in orchards in Dutchess and Orange Counties. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 9). INDIANA - Especially numerous in apple orchards in Mitchell area. Predator eggs also easily found. (Marshall, Apr. 10). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH -— Moderately numerous on peach trees at Kanab, Kane County. (Knowlton). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - INDIANA - Adults active in Vincennes area and will be injuring peaches during bloom period. (Hamilton, Apr. 10). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Large number of eggs laid at Storrs, Tolland County; expected to become a problem this year. New Haven-Cheshire area, New Haven County, only other part of State to report this pest to date. (Savos). NEW YORK - Adults and eggs observed in home orchard examined April 5 in Clinton County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) —- NEW JERSEY - Few moths observed, but egg laying not yet begun. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., Apr. 10). INDIANA - No egg masses found in apple orchards in Vincennes area as of April 10. (Hamilton). KANSAS - Adults apparently not yet emerged in Doniphan County; no eggs found on apple trees examined. (Eshbaugh, Peters). TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - CONNECTICUT - Hatched April 10 at Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). A METALLIC WOOD BORER (Dicerca sp.) - NEVADA —- Medium adult numbers found in apple trees in Ruby Valley, Elko County. (Del Curto). A BARK BEETLE (Scolytus sp.) - COLORADO - A problem in a cherry orchard in Garfield County. (Cogburn, Hantsbarger). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW YORK - Egg numbers low generally in Dutchess County orchards. (N. Y. Wkly Rpt., Apr. 9). ORCHARD MITES - NEW YORK - Very few eggs observed on twigs in apple orchards where controls were used last season in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 9). CONNECTICUT - Controls recommended for dooryard apple trees. (Savos). - 382 - A PHYCITID (Davara caricae) - FLORIDA - Collected on papaya at Hialeah, Dade County. (Stegmaier, Mar. 30). PAPAYA FRUIT FLY (Toxotrypana curvicauda) - FLORIDA - Collected on papaya at Hialeah, Dade County. (Stegmaier, Mar. 30). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) —- GEORGIA — Light to moderate on pecan trees in Colquitt, Lowndes and Berrien Counties; however, little defolia- tion occurred and trees leafing out rapidly. (Johnson). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - TEXAS - Check of citrus trees in Cameron County revealed no infestations on trees heavily infested before January freeze, (Texas Coop. Rpt., Day). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) - FLORIDA - Moderate to severe on Citrus sinensis at Avalon, Orange County. (Griffith, Mar. 26). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - Severe on Citrus sinensis at Avalon, Orange County, March 26; moderate on loquat at Stuart, Martin County, April 4. (Griffith, Campbell). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on sugar beet plantings in Newman, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Increasing again on sugar beets and medium to heavy on radishes and tomatoes in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Nichols). ARIZONA - Infestations very heavy on untreated potatoes in central area; infestations a problem in sugar beets, carrots and other crops and home plantings. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA — Populations up from 2 weeks ago in Bixby area, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Apterous, viviparous females and nymphs present on spinach; averaged 3 per plant in large commercial field in central Kent County. (Burbutis) . APHIDS - TEXAS - Unspecified species attacking watermelon in Jim Hogg County; controls necessary. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Plyler). MARYLAND - Undetermined species light on strawberries at Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A SAP BEETLE (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Observed flying and congregating at spring blooms week of April 8. (Goeden). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) and TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) - TEXAS —- Heavy egg laying of both species noted in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEVADA - Adults heavy on various plants, especially olive trees; moderate numbers attracted to lights in Las Vegas-Hen- derson area, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA — Averaged 15-20 per plant on young melons in central and southwestern areas, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on cantaloup plantings in Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - CALIFORNIA — Medium on cantaloup plantings in Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliguus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval populations occurred in cabbage planting in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. Becoming more prevalent in localities where known to occur during past few months. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 383 - CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - OREGON — Adults common on mustard bloom in Willamette Valley. (Goeden) . DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - UTAH —- Active on mustards in Ephraim—Manti-Gunnison area, Sanpete County. (Knowlton). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -— GEORGIA - Light infestations on cabbage in Colquitt and Brooks Counties. (Johnson). HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - TEXAS —- Heavy, damaging populations attacking turnips in Medina County, and kale in Brazos County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Prucia, Randolph). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations causing severe damage to germinating cucumbers in Bonita, San Diego County, probably this species. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - COLORADO - Feeding on sugar beet seed caused 20-30 foot skips in rows; damage 0-20 percent in fields checked. (Frank, Schweissing). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations occurring on sugar beet plantings in Newman, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS -— ARIZONA - Controls necessary on onions locally in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Collections made in Hamilton, Bay, Washington and Taylor Counties during period of March 29-April 5, Det. by W. Breidenbach. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - OREGON - Egg hatch observed in mid- Willamette Valley strawberry fields week of April 8. (Every). MARYLAND — Nymphs appearing on strawberries at Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Abundant in many Willamette Valley strawberry fields. (Every). SPIDER MITES — MARYLAND - Eggs of undetermined species light on strawberries at Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MITES - NEW JERSEY - Extremely heavy in one field of strawberries and moderate in another, but negligible in most fields at Hammonton, Atlantic County. (Ins.- Dis.-Weed Newsltr., Apr. 10). TOBACCO INSECTS TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on. tobacco in the field in Tift, Colquitt, Brooks, Cook, Berrien and Irwin Counties, (Johnson). WIREWORMS - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on tobacco in the field in Tift and Irwin Counties. (Hays, Brannen, Johnson). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS -— Five adults found in 2 Cameron County fields, which is much lower than found in same area by mid-March of 1961. (Deer). - 384 - COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Light on seedling cotton throughout central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Found in nearly all areas of lower Rio Grande Valley, but treatment required in only few fields. (Deer). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - One damaging population reported from Starr County. Very light infestations also reported from Starr County and from one field northwest of Mission, Hidalgo County. (Deer). COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus suturellus) - FLORIDA - Infestation heavy on cotton at Ft. Meyers, Lee County, April 6, (Faircloth). THRIPS — ARIZONA —- Few present in central area seedling cotton, but fields relatively free of infestations in most instances. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Generally light and scattered in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). SPIDER MITES — TEXAS - Generally light and scattered in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Examination of Austrian and mugho pines in Sheboygan and Jefferson Counties revealed less than 10 percent survival of this pest. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OREGON - Examination of 187 samples taken from 28,061 trees on 38,485 properties during survey in spring to April 6 were negative. (Larson). PITCH-PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia rigidana) - ARKANSAS - Of approximately 1,250 moth specimens collected during past 5 years, 64 determined as this species. Previously reported only from Washington County, this species has now been recorded from Lincoln, Cleveland, Ashley, Union and Hempstead Counties. Thus, it is apparent that R. rigidana likely occurs over the entire State in mixed populations with Nantucket pine tip moth (R. frustrana), but at low levels. Examinations were made by W. E. Miller, U. S. Forest Service. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Apr.). ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - ARKANSAS — Larvae feeding in or around bark scars damaged numerous trees in 5 to 6-year-old plantation in Union County. This species is probably more widespread in State than records indicate. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Apr.). PINE TIP MOTHS - ARKANSAS - Adult emergence nearly complete in southern part of State. Fair weather favored activity during mid and late March, Peak emergence occurred in this area week of March 18. Seasonal activity much slower in north= ern area, where peak emergence is yet to occur, (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Apr.). SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - CALIFORNIA -— Larvae collected from white fir on January 12 in Amador County; rearing on Monterey pine under- way; emergence expected shortly. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BARK BEETLES — CALIFORNIA —- Dendroctonus spp. and Ips spp. continued active during January and February in lower-elevation pine stands from Middle Fork of Feather River southward into southern part of State. In area between North San Juan, Nevada County,north and westward through Yuba County to Enterprise, Butte County, 387 infested trees reported on 141 acres distributed over 5.5 townships. Activity was reported on an estimated 1,100 infested trees on 9,694 acres in area immediately north and east of Placerville, El Dorado County; one report of Ips spp. activity several miles west of this location was received. In an area of about 9 townships between Mokelumne River on the north and Stanislaus River on the south, loss appears to be high; an estimated 10,771 trees on 19,000 acres. = 385 - Activity distributed over about 2 townships in vicinity of Mariposa, Mariposa - County; moderate tree loss occurred several miles south of Crane Flat, Yosemite National Park, and on South Fork of Merced River northwest of Wawona, Mariposa County; an estimated 1,142 trees were involved on 4,602 acres. Activity reported in Balance Rock area, Tulare County, and in 3 townships to the north, where 441 trees were recorded infested on 1,158 acres. Although bark beetles are very active in southern part of State, only 4 reports were submitted from this area; however, one report listed 2,500 trees scattered over 34,930 acres. In area north of Middle Fork of Feather River, only 4 reports of activity by Ips spp. and Dendroctonus brevicomis were received during this same 2-month period; these reports were widely separated and concerned 235 trees infested on an estimated 1,800 acres. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., USFS). ARKANSAS - D. terebrans and Ips spp. have been held down by continued cold temperatures. D. terebrans increased behind a one-year-old harvest and is very heavy on standing trees. Both species may be expected to increase in favorable situations. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Apr.). FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) - CALIFORNIA - Active in several localized areas; about 200 trees in Holcomb Creek, San Bernardino County; only area of much loss. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A ROUNDHEADED WOOD BORER (Paratimia conicola) - CALIFORNIA - One specimen found in a bishop pine cone at Caspar, Mendocino County. This is a new host record; additional specimens desired. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., USFS). BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected from Fraser fir tips near Mt. Mitchell, Yancey County, on July 10, 1961. This is a new State record. (Jones). WHITE-PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) - MARYLAND - Eggs noted on white pines in Baltimore and Harford Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - VIRGINIA - Infested white pine locally in Troutville, Botetourt County. (Amos, Boitnott, Apr.4). WISCONSIN - Prevalent on several Austrian pines observed in Sheboygan and Jefferson Counties; incidence of parasitism very low. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BLACK PINE LEAF SCALE (Aspidiotus californicus) - CALIFORNIA — Reported on ponderosa pine in Charlton-Chilso area of Angeles National Forest. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., USFS). TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - First hatch of M. americanum seen April 10 in Cranston, Providence County; larvae still on egg mass, web not begun. (Mathewson, Cartier). NEW YORK - Malacosoma spp. hatching in Riverhead area, Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 9). DELAWARE - First larvae and small tents of M. americanum noted in Sussex County, April 10. (MacCreary). VIRGINIA — First instars of M. americanum active in Halifax and Pittsylvania Counties. Eggs probably hatching in most of State, Most conspicuous on native cherry and apple trees. (Tarpley). NORTH CAROLINA — Number of M. americanum noted during past few weeks. (Jones). FLORIDA - M. americanum infested native Prunus sp. at Gainesville, Alachua County. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. First adult male of season attracted to light. (Hetrick). TEXAS - Fewer reports of M. diss- tria received; populations apparently declining. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA — M. americanum common on native plums throughout southeast, north central, west central and east central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - M. americanum appeared in northwestern part of State. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - First-generation larvae appearing in Fort Bend County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Murray). A NOTODONTID MOTH (Datana sp.) - TEXAS - Light locally in Fort Bend County; this is earliest appearance in several years. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Murray). = 386)= ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA -— Numerous adults emerging from hibernation in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Gallaway, Gardella). RHODE ISLAND — Becoming active in buildings. (Mathewson, Cartier, Apr. 10). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - VIRGINIA — Common on locust trees locally in Church View, Middlesex County. (Rowell, Edwards, Mar. 30). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - CALIFORNIA — Reported feeding on silk— tree in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A COSMOPTERYGID MOTH (Periploca n. sp.) - CALIFORNIA — Continues damaging to junipers in several locations; medium larval populations damaged juniper in Vallejo, Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SEAGRAPE BORER (Hexeris enhydris) - FLORIDA - Heavy on seagrape at Hialeah, March 30, and at Homestead, February 1, in Dade County. (Stegmaier, Knowles). NOCTUIDS - FLORIDA - Litoprosopus futilis severely infested blooms of saw palmetto prior to opening at Sun City, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Jorgensen, Mar. 29). Xanthopastis timais light on 2,000 amaryllis plants at Dover, Hillsborough County. (Lowe, Mar. 28). BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - DELAWARE - Infested 40-50 birches in nursery in northern New Castle County. Many trees with broken tops and several dead as result of attacks; tree diameters ranged one-half to 4 inches. (Kelsey). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - CONNECTICUT - Controls recommended on white pine and spruce on home plantings. (Savos). MASSACHUSETTS - Treatment of upper terminals of spruce and white pine recommended, (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on Pittosporum tenuifolium in Daly City, San Mateo County; buildup developed rapidly during past 10 days. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA — Moderate on Ixora sp. and Crossandra sp. at Stuart, Martin County, April 4, and light on Baccharis halimifolia at Dania, Broward County, April 4. (Campbell, Mclean). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - Moderate on Viburnum suspensum at Davie, Broward County, March 22, and light on Ixora sp. at Stuart, Martin County, April 5. (McLean, Prange). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Appears to be most serious aphid in greenhouses throughout State; attacked chrysanthemums and cinerarea, (Udine). GRAPEVINE APHID (Aphis illinoisensis) - FLORIDA — Severely infested wild grape at White City, St. Lucie County. (Campbell, Prange, Mar. 6). APHIDS — OKLAHOMA — Observed on caladium plants in greenhouse in Sapulpa, Creek County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Several species present in moderate to heavy numbers on most budding ornamentals in central area. (Munson). INDIANA - First instars and hatching observed on hawthorn in Tippecanoe County. (Dobson). DELAWARE -— Cinara tujafilina injured nursery plantings of arborvitae in north- eastern Sussex County. (Bray). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - UTAH — Severe on many ash trees along streets in Manti and Ephraim, Sanpete County. Controls necessary several times to prevent death of trees, (Knowlton). VIRGINIA — Severely injured Cornus flaviramea at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Montgomery County; this is a new host record for this pest. (Amos). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) — TEXAS - Heavy, local infestation on dooryard oaks in Jefferson County. (Newton). = 387 = A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium puteanum) - DELAWARE - Locally heavy on American holly in Sussex County. (Burbutis). Coccids in Florida - Chrysomphalus aonidum infested Podocarpus maki at Winter Haven, Polk County, on March 29; severely infested Zamia sp. and moderately infested camphor-tree at Dover, Hillsborough County, on March 28; and severely infested Cycas revoluta at Lakeland, Polk County, on April 3. Coccus viridis severely infested queen crapemyrtle at Stuart, Martin County, on March 26, C. acuminatus lightly infested Ixora sp. at Dover on March 28. Light to moder- ate infestations of Ischnaspis longirostris noted on Rhapidophyllum histrix and Chamaerops humilis at North Miami, Dade County, on March 28. Lepidosaphes camelliae infested 100 percent of 18 holly trees at Port Orange, Volusia County, on March 29. Parlatoria proteus moderately infested 100 plants of Philodendron wendlandii at Eloise, Polk County, on March 30. Light to moderate infestations of Phenacaspis cockerelli on southern magnolia at Eloise on March 26, and on Strelitzia reginae on March 29. Pseudococcus nipae severely infested 27 arica palms at Fort Myers, Lee County, on April 5. Toumeyella liriodendri lightly infested sweetbay at Cypress Gardens, Polk County, on April 3. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Practically every holly on Clemson College campus, Oconee County, with mined leaves. Most in pupal stage, some emerging. (Nettles et al). A STEM SAWFLY (Janus bimaculatus) - WISCONSIN - Larvae very scarce in area of Dane County; depredation by birds apparently heavy. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Counts of Hypoderma spp. low to few in cattle treated with new systemics in fall of 1961. Counts ranged 0-19 larvae per animal on untreated cattle. Larvae dropping from backs of animals; both species present in area. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Adults of H. lineatum active in Harding County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA — Adult activity of H. lineatum continues throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - H, lineatum infestations appear to be greater in eastern part of State this year than for past several years. (Jones). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - INDIANA - Emerged from overwintering habitats in Franklin County and collected outside of farm buildings. None observed on cattle in nearby pastures. This is first report of season in State. (Matthew). ILLINOIS - Observed for first time this season April 10 on one Pike County herd; ranged 0-3 (averaged 0.4) per face. None found on 3 other herds in county, (ll. Ins: Rpt.) HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - General buildup occurred in southern part of State; ranged 90-125 per cow in southeast, with populations of 300 per cow in Love County (south central). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BLOW FLIES -UTAH - Phormia regina moderate about cattle yards on ranches in Manti-Ephraim area, Sanpete County. Unspecified species numerous and active at Kanab and Glendale, Kane County. (Knowlton). LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia canicularis) -— CALIFORNIA - Light populations occurring in many locations over State. A fungus, Entomophthora muscae, active on this Species and on Musca domestica again this year. Current infections of this fungus indicate possibilities of good control experienced during 1960. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Noted for first time this season; 2 well-fed specimens observed on side of barn in Macon County on April 11. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). - 388 — SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH — Numerous in some flocks of sheep at: Panguitch and Boulder, Garfield County, and at Kanab, Kane County. (Knowlton). MOSQUITOES —- DELAWARE - Adults of Anopheles punctipennis noted leaving hiber- nation during period April 7-13. (Darsie, Murphey). UTAH — Occasional adult of unspecified species noted at Kanab, Kane County. (Knowlton). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Moderate to severe on cattle in Manti area, Sanpete County, where controls have been neglected. Controls recently applied to 300 cattle at Marysvale, Piute County, and 300 cattle in Garfield County. (Knowlton) .OKLAHOMA -— Several species continue heavy in southeast area; activity also continues in remainder of eastern part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Unspecified species moderate to heavy on several herds of stock cattle and some feeder calves in northwest area. (Munson). HORNETS (Polistes spp.) -— RHODE ISLAND - Becoming active in buildings. (Mathewson, Cartier, Apr. 10). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) -— OKLAHOMA ~— Medium to heavy on cattle in southeast, south central and east central areas; 10-40 per head. Up to 6 per head noted on hogs in McCurtain County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - UTAH — Common on cattle at Boulder and Escalante, Garfield County; less common elsewhere in county, and at Elsinore, Sevier County. (Knowlton). TICKS — UTAH — Attacking humans in Panguitch area, Garfield County. (Knowlton). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - CALIFORNIA - Invaded residence in Sacramento, Sacramento County. Rash caused by bites on 3 occupants of house- hold diagnosed as nervous disorder until discovery of source of mites. Doctors experience difficulty diagnosing attacks of bird and rat mites. (Cal. Coop. Rpit.)r HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS DERMESTID BEETLES —- OREGON - Larvae of undetermined species found in newly opened can of powdered reducing preparation in Salem, Marion County. (Capizzi). NORTH DAKOTA — Attagenus piceus reported from several homes throughout State. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). . PENNSYLVANIA — Fair number of Trogoderma inclusum larvae found in a cellulose-crepe type insulating material in attie of home in Somerset, Somerset County. Det. by P. J. Spangler. (Udine, Feb. 23). OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Approximately 60 speci- mens emerged from maple floor of high school gymnasium at State College, Centre County. (Adams). SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - VIRGINIA - Adults common in home in Hampton. (Amos, Adams). CLOTHES MOTHS —- DELAWARE - Tinea pellionella infested rugs in home in Sussex County. (Bray). NORTH DAKOTA — Tineola bisselliella present in Fargo home, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) — UTAH - Infested restaurant at Circleville, Piute County; this is a new county record. (Knowlton). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) — PENNSYLVANIA — Winged forms noted at Tyrone,Blair County. (Guyton, Apr. 3). MARYLAND - Reproductives, probably this species, noted swarming in several homes in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). = 389 - WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - NEVADA - Several new infestations found in homes in southern Washoe County. (Bechtel). CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy infestations in several areas of State. Medium population damaging house in Loomis, Placer County; heavy in Susanville, Lassen County and in Sara- toga, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES — RHODE ISLAND = Alates first reported at Cranston, Providence County, February 2; reports and specimens received regularly during past 3 weeks, and now several specimens being received daily. (Mathewson, Cartier, Apr. 10). CONNECTICUT - Swarming throughout State. (Savos). NEW YORK - Swarms reported in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 9). VIRGINIA - Reported from Kenbridge, Lunenburg County, April 5; Lynchburg, Campbell County, April 1; Vinton, Roanoke County, March 26. (Rowell, Matheny). OKLAHOMA — Reticu- litermes sp. noted in home in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA — Winged adults and workers of unspecified subterranean termites collec— ted in Gregory County. (Mast). NEVADA - Reticulitermes sp. swarming was heaviest in mid-March; presently terminating. (Earnist). ANTS -— CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species swarming throughout State. (Savos). NEW YORK - Acanthomyops spp. have begun to swarm in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 9). PENNSYLVANIA - Winged forms of Prenolepis imparis noted around home in Harrisburg, Dauphin County. Det. by E. U. Balsbaugh. (Balsbaugh). NORTH DAKOTA — Camponotus pennsylvanicus reported active at several locations. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Unspecified species troublesome in several homes in Panguitch, Garfield County. (Knowlton). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - RHODE ISLAND - Scattered complaints of activity about buildings during past 2 weeks. (Mathewson, Cartier, Apr. 10). CONNECTICUT - Invaded many homes in State; controls recommended. (Savos). NEW YORK — Beginning to move from buildings onto lawns in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 9). PENNSYLVANIA — Entered homes through cracks around windows at Paoli, Chester County. (Sleesman). DELAWARE - Newly reported home invasions very numerous. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Caused considerable annoyance by entering homes in Anne Arundel and Baltimore Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Adults invaded laboratory at Medical College of Virginia, Charlottesville, Albemarle County, April 2, and home in Vienna, Fairfax County, April 6. (Matheyn, Amos). ALABAMA —- Heavy infestations in residential areas in Mobile County. (Seibels). UTAH - Entered number of homes at several locations in Garfield County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Entered homes in Elko, Elko County, and Reno, Washoe County. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS Stored-product Insects in Alabama - Survey showed the following insects to be abundant in most grain bins in Lee County: YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) ; adults and larvae of DARK MEALWORM (T. obscurus), and CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus); RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) , SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) , ALMOND MOTH (Ephestia cautella), CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) , a PYRALID MOTH (Aglossa caprealis) and RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae). (Guyton). Very heavy infestations of PEA WEEVIL pisorum) (Bruchus noted in stored peas in Montgomery County. (Seibels). Stored=product Insects in Nevada - CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusun) , RED FLOUR BEETLE (T. castaneum) and a DARKLING BEETLE (Latheticus oryzae) lightly infested mixed feeds, grains and milldust in a feedstore in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - OREGON - Severe, local infestation occurred in grocery store in Portland, Multnomah County, in early April. (Carl). = 390 — BENEFICIAL INSECTS TWO-SPOTTED LADY BEETLE (Adalia bipunctata) — UTAH - Active in areas of Cache, Weber, Salt Lake, Juab, Utah and Sanpete Counties. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA —- Noted in Wirtz, Franklin County. (Rowell, Tucker, Apr. 5). LADY BEETLES — NEW MEXICO — Abundant in alfalfa checked in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS — Significant numbers appearing in small grain, vetch and alfalfa fields in central and north central areas, (Turkey, Newton). OKLAHOMA — Several species continue to increase in southwest and west central areas; up to 10 larvae per sweep observed on alfalfa in southwest and 2-4 per linear foot on wheat in Cordell area, Washita County. Lighter counts common in south central and east central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Reproduction of several species occurring in southern part of State; few eggs and larvae present. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). VIRGINIA — Numerous adults of Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris noted March 22 in Pulaski, Pulaski County; March 26 in Haysi, Dickenson County; and April 5 in Chatham, Pittsylvania County. Still massed in overwintering sites. (Tarpley, Meek, Rowell, Mullins, Blair). GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) — TEXAS - Significant numbers building up in small grain, vetch and alfalfa in central and north central areas. (Turkey, Newton). OKLAHOMA - Considerable numbers noted in some wheat fields checked in Cordell area, Washita County. Present also in southwest, south central and southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS — Reproduction of several species occurring in southern part of State. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). DAMSEL BUGS — NEW MEXICO — Abundant in alfalfa fields checked in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). A FLOWER BUG (Orius sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Abundant in alfalfa fields checked in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SYRPHIDS —- TEXAS —- Moderate, widespread larval populations found on cotton in Cameron County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Day). PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS — ARKANSAS - Very active over State. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA — An undetermined species active in wheat in southern part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga aoe ) - FLORIDA - The following collections have been made from blacklight traps: glaberrima at Miami International Airport, Dade County, on March 21, 29 and Toot 4, P. latifrons from same locality on March 21 and at Fort Myers, Lee County, on March 28. P. ulkei at Pensacola, Escambia County, on April 10. P. parvidens at Orlando, Orange County, on April 2 and at Gainesville, Alachua County, on April 10. P. schaefferi at Quincy, Gadsden County, on April 9. P. elongata at Lake Letta subdivision, Highlands County,on April 5. P. tecta at Gainesville on April 10. P. cupuli- formis at Chiefland, Levy County, on April 11. P. bruneri at known localities in Miami on March 22 and 29. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - ILLINOIS - Treatments have been completed in the East St. Louis area on a total of 682.5 acres, which includes all finds in the area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). Matzenbacher; Apr. 5). A SCARAB (Onthophagus depressus) -— FLORIDA - Collected in blacklight trap at Lake Letta subdivision, Highlands County, on March 21; this South African species has been collected in this area previously, but this is first collec- tion this season. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). =o Oy NOCTUIDS (Eupsilia spp.) - WISCONSIN - Presence of E. morrisoni and E. vinulenta adults creating nuisance at maple syrup tapping operations in northeast. Reports indicate populations lower than in other years. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A COCKROACH (Hemiblabera tenebricosa) - FLORIDA - Collected in moderate numbers under boards and debris on Elliott Key, Dade County, on April 5. This species has only been found on 3 islands in vicinity of Key Largo and has not been found on the mainland of Florida. (Woodruff, Humphries, Knowles). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - OKLAHOMA - Surveys in Atoka, Bryan, Coal, Johnston, Marshall, Muskogee and Pittsburg Counties were negative. (@kilasCoop, Sur.)!. CORRECTION CEIR 12(14) :307 - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TEXAS - Should read: “Counts ranged 50-250 per sweep in alfalfa in Brazos, Burleson and Robert-— son Counties; ---. (Newton) ."' ADDITIONAL NOTES ZDAHO — Adults of ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) and CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) occurring spottedly on white Dutch clover stands in Grange- ville area, Idaho County. (Studer, Cook). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (H. punctata) larvae infesting crowns of alfalfa in field near Mountain Home, Elmore County; up to 6 larvae per crown noted. (Edwards). Undetermined CUTWORMS present on Bissell Creek rangeland, approximately 4 miles north and 3.5 miles west of Emmett, Gem County. Second and third instars, per square foot,averaged 0.6 on flat land and 1.2 on south slopes, on fall seeded desert wheatgrass. Generally, damage slight, but local areas showed considerable feeding. (Waters). All reports for week ending April 6. (Manis). CHANGE OF NAME OF MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER The scientific name of the MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER of the United States and Canada has been changed, This species which was widely known as Melanoplus atlanis (Riley) until 191%, then as M. mexicanus (Saussure) until 1958, and since 1958 as M. bilituratus (Walker), has been found to have an earlier name, Melanoplus sSanguinipes (Fabricius). It is much regretted that a change is necessary. The resurrection of sanguinipes, based on a very brief description and referred to the old broad genus Gryllus, arises from the recent discovery of the type specimen in Copenhagen, Denmark, as discussed by A. B. Gurney (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 75: 189-192, 1962). Accordingly, the scientific name of the migra- tory grasshopper is Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.). Ashtey B. Gurney Entomology Research Division Agricultural Research Service Washington 25, D. C. = Sey} LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Estig. Felt. Spod. Trich. Helio. unip. ips. saucia acrea subterr. exig., ni zea ARIZONA *Yuma 4/1-6 53 294 147 122 145 ARKANSAS Kelso 4/5-11 5 3 CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp. Sta. 4/3-11 a 3 2 3 11 FLORIDA Quincy 4/9 5 3 1 Gainesville 4/10 iL 7 KANSAS Garden City 4/2-9 3 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 4/2-8 2 3 1 Charleston 4/9-15 13 al 6 2 TEXAS Waco 4/7-13 82 10 12 atal * Three traps —- Yuma. Additional Light Trap Collection: COLORADO: New Liberty (4/1-7) - ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) — 18, FOI RIO I AC RRR ACK KKK Weather of the Week Ending April 16 (cont'd from page 376) The only precipitation of significance in the Far West was on the North Pacific coast, and amounted to only 0.50 inch. Elsewhere in the West only light showers occurred, The soil moisture supply was being depleted by high winds and warm, dry days in the Southwest. The Gulf States and southern Appalachian areas received large amounts. Tupelo and Philadelphia, Mississippi, had over 8 inches. Tallulah, Louisiana, had 3.72 inches in one 24-hour period and a total of 4.24. inches for the week. Snow showers and flurries were common across the Northern States much of the period, and in the mountains of the West during the first half. On Thursday, up to 1 foot of snow fell at Pipestone, Minnesota, as a storm over Iowa spread precipitation through a wide area. Another system just off the east coast left up to 15 inches of snow at Greenville, Maine, with 6 to 10 inches in surrounding areas of northern New England on the 12th and 13th. As trailing fronts from the low pressure systems swept across the country, numerous thunder= storms and showers were touched off. Hail was reported to have fallen in various places south of a line from New England to Missouri. Midweek storms were reported to have left hail from marble to ping pong-—ball size in the latter State. Hail- storms in northern Louisiana and central Mississippi were reported to have dropped hail of "golf to baseball size."" Little snow cover was left in the country as much of what fell melted quickly; up to 9 inches remained in northern Maine Monday morning and up to 12 inches in the central mountains of New York. Langdon, North Dakota, has 10 inches of snow on the ground and up to 14 inches of snow cover was reported from northeastern and north central Minnesota. Snow was rapidly melting in the mountain valleys of the West. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). —- 393 - Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Grain Corn in the United States in 1961 Compiled in Survey and Detection Operations, PPC, ARS The loss of corn grown for grain from damage attributed to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in 1961 is estimated to be 65,044,000 bushels. This loss is approximately 1.8 percent of the total national crop estimated at 3,624,313,000 bushels. 1/ The value of the crop lost, based on the season average prices received by farmers for corn 2/, is $68,998,000. These loss estimates are only for the states shown on Table 1 and are based on the counties or districts surveyed during the fall of 1961 within those states. 3/ Table 1 is a composite of State and Federal estimates. These estimates were prepared by using production data 1/, and prices received 2/, released by the Statistical Reporting Service. The basis for the loss estimates was determined by the survey of European corn borer populations during the fall of 1961. 3/ The index of 3 percent loss per borer per plant was used to compute the loss in bushels. Estimated losses caused by the European corn borer in the last ten years are as follows: 1961 65,044,000 Bushels $ 68,998,000 1960 102,991,000 " 96,085,000 1959 67,763,000 " 71,979,000 1958 ; 100 ,699 ,000 " 98,434,000 1957 180 , 897 ,000 " 158,841,000 1956 97,971,000 " 119,535,000 1955 155,355,000 " 182,579,000 1954 191,614,000 " 261,415,000 1953 90,000,000 " 125,466 ,000 1952 53,270,000 " 77,205,000 1/ Crop Production, 1961 Annual Summary by States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, December 15, 1961. 2/ Crop Values, Season Average Prices Received by Farmers and Value of Production —- 1960 and 1961 - by States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, December 15, 1961. 3/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 12(1) :6-14, 12(2):17, 12(4) :37. =) 394) — abllers. Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Corn Grown for Grain in the United States in 1961 Estimated Data Dis- : Total BP \eakeys) 8 Value ; Loss 8 tricts : State gee. 48 of g of State ;_ Included i, Production : Bushel; Production: Crop Number 1,000 Bu. Dollars $1,000 1,000 Bu. $1,000 Arkansas 4 8,449 IG ALC 9,885 46 50 Delaware i, Mpa oie 1,26 9,296 1,029 1,296 Illinois 7 638,176 1.06 676 , 467 11,488 DP) 5 UPC Indiana 12 308 , 802 Aba Oak 311,890 2,297 2,320 Lowa 12 747,252 1.05 784,615 25,228 26,489 Kansas 3 58 , 800 LS 66,444 331 374 Maryland 3 22,140 1.23 27 , 232 928 1,142 Massachusetts 1 124 1,50 186 5 8 Minnesota 7 324,242 1.00 324,242 7,378 7,378 Missouri 8 175,398 al als) 203,462 2,040 2,366 Nebraska 7 279,439 1.10 307 , 383 6,736 7,410 New Jersey 1 5,772 1.26 7,273 260 328 North Dakota 1 5,148 1.04 5,354 97 101 Ohio 5 187,738 1,01 189,615 A475 480 Pennsylvania 8 59,965 1,22 (3,157 1,448 aL BL South Dakota 6 100 ,046 1,00 100 , 046 4,347 4,347 Wisconsin 9 120,377 1,06 127 ,600 911 965 Totals 3,049 , 246 | 3,224,147 65,044 68,998 1/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 12(1) :6-14, 12(2):17, 12(4) :37. = Se) The Spittlebug Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus) in North America (Homoptera: Cercopidae) Louise M. Russell a) The presence of Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus) in the Nearctic Region is confirmed by my determination of specimens collected in 1955 and 1961 in New York State. The species has been reported from North America for 50 years, but the early reports have not been verified. Lallemand (1912, Genera Insectorum fasc. 143:52) indicated that the species was palearctic and nearctic in distribution. Van Duzee (1917, Calif. Univ. Publ. Tech. Bul. 2:513) stated, "Oshanin credits this species to North America, but I am unable to trace his authority. If found here it is probably Alaskan," Haupt (1935?, Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas, Homoptera, p. 156) reported that the distribution of coleoptrata was circumpolar. Doering (1930, Journ. Kans. Ent. Soc. 3(3-4) :87-91), who treated the North American species of Lepyronia, did not have American examples of coleoptrata. L. coleoptrata is said to be widely distributed in Europe and in palearctic Asia. Its hosts usually are not given, but it has been recorded from willow and Teucrium chamaedrys (Haupt, p. 156); from Spartium junceum and cultivated garden plants (including salvia and rosemary) (Silvestri, 1934, Compend. di Ent. Appl. 1:332); from cotton (Alkhazishvili, 1953, Akad. Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR Inst. Zashch. Rast. Trudy, 9:47; summary, 9:55); and from several plants by Miyao (1957, New Entomologist 6:6-11, in Japanese). I have seen Nearctic specimens from the following counties in New York State: Broome, Cortland, Delaware, Herkimer, Lewis, Montgomery, Onondaga, Saratoga and Schenectady. The insects were collected from timothy grass, and from red and alsike clover, during July and August. Those collected in 1961 were sub- mitted for identification by D. D. Hardee, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. L. coleoptrata is distinctive in having the anterior margin of the head broadly curved, the front distinctly wider than long, and the clypeus strongly inflated. This, and the other three species of Lepyronia known from America north of Mexico, may be distinguished by the characters given below. Measurements are in millimeters. coleoptrata (Linnaeus) - 6.10-7.50 long, 3-3.50 wide across elytra; head 1-1.50, pronotum 1-1.50 long; anterior margin of head broadly curved; front one-half wider than long; clypeus strongly inflated; head and pronotum slightly deflexed; elytron strongly curved on coastal margin, narrowly curved at apex. Light to dark tawny dorsally, predominantly dark brown to black ventrally; elytron with a dark brown to blackish V-shaped design whose anterior arm is as wide and persistent as the posterior one. gibbosa Ball - 6.75-9 long, 3-4.10 wide across elytra; head 1,.50-2, pronotum 1.25-1.50 long; anterior margin of head Marrowly curved; front as wide as long; clypeus moderately inflated; head and pronotum conspicuously deflexed; elytron strongly curved on costal margin, narrowly curved at apex. Light to dark tawny or grayish dorsally, predominantly tawny to dark brown ventrally; elytron without a V-shaped design, or with a dark tawny one whose anterior arm is narrower than the posterior one, or broken,or obscure. 1/ Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington 25, D. Cc. — 396 - quadrangularis (Say) - 6.25-8 long, 2.35-3 wide across elytra; head 1-1.45, pronotum 1-1.25 long; anterior margin of head narrowly curved; front as wide as long; clypeus weakly inflated; head and pronotum very slightly deflexed; elytron moderately curved on costal margin, angular at apex. Tawny to dark brown or grayish dorsally and ventrally; elytron usually with a darker brown V-shaped design whose anterior arm is sometimes broken or obscure, angulifera Uhler - 4.5-6 long, 2-2.25 wide across elytra; head 0.85-1.10, pronotum 0.85-1.10 long; anterior margin of head angular; front as wide as long; clypeus weakly inflated; head and pronotum strongly deflexed; elytron moderately curved on costal margin, broadly angular at apex. Medium to dark (often reddish) brown dorsally and ventrally; elytron usually with a light spot slightly before, and one at, apex. Adults of Lepyronia coleoptrata (Glas) Male - Left. Female -— Center and right. CEIR 12(16) :4-20-62. OOM Periodical Cicada Outlook for 1962 Brood II of the 17-year race of periodical cicada (Magicicada septendecim) is expected to appear in May and June of this year in the following areas: Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and Washing- WEI IWS (GE According to records maintained in Survey and Detection Operations, the heaviest areas of infestation in former years were in Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Virginia, Brood XXII of the 13-year race of M. septendecim is expected to appear in eastern Louisiana and western Mississippi. Distribution records for 1962 would be welcomed. Please submit all specimens and notes through your respective State Survey Coordinators, (See CEIR 12(13):299). The table on the following page shows the coincidence of the two races. The column on the left shows the occur- rence by year of the 13-year race and the top column that of the 17-year race. Brood IT Magicicada septendecim (L.) (17) 1724 5 1741 Ppa etl 1758 1775 1792 1809 1826 1843 1860 1877 1894 1911 1928 este 1945 Sa 1962 C7~=-- ' ea Taerem moc le Survey and Detection Operations, PPC, ARS, USDA, 11-30-61 I XVIII 1945 1932 i aa Tet - 398 - Table of Coincidence of Broods of Periodical Cicada TLE | IV. Vv VI VII |VIII| Ix xX XI XII |XIII/XIV |XV XVI | XVII [fasten : oe ie eh xx1 |1961 1948 XXII ee MAT 1949 XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVIII XXIX |1995 XXX VIII XIX XX 2012 XXI 1996 2013 Tare] ee | ies ie |) ee ee Pe fea fee] [favre i -=-- 4 ‘ % ca SS x * Overwintered Na + Outdoor activi FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MASSACHUESTTS - Abundant and very annoying to people outdoors in semi-rural area in western part of State. (Wheeler). MARYLAND - Population density on dairy cattle at Beltsville, Prince Georges County, ranged 1.1 —- 1.6 per head on April 25. In Montgomery County, papulations averaged 11.6 per head on dairy cattle at Rockville; 4.4 per head on beef cattle at German- town; and 19 per head on dairy cattle at Redland. First observation of pest at Germantown April 19. (J. H. Fales, O. F. Bodenstein). VIRGINIA - Adults noted at Jewel Ridge, Tazewell County, on April 25. Swarmed at Blacksburg, Montgomery County, on April 26, apparently emerging from hibernation in a church. Detected in several northern counties; infestations ranged from occasional fly to average of 7 per animal. Counties reporting activity included: Shenandoah, Page, Rappahannock, Madison, Orange, Green, Albemarle, Augusta, Roanoke, Craig, Rock-— bridge, Botetourt and Montgomery. The first 10 counties are new county records for the State. (Turner, Rowell, Tarpley). ILLINOIS - Generally present in small numbers on herds of cattle throughout northern three-fourths of State; egg laying to produce first summer buildup occurring. Controls recommended to dairymen and beef producers. (Ill. Ins. Sur. Bul.). CATTLE LICE -— OKLAHOMA — Several species continue active in eastern half of State; controls necessary in Wagoner County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) - NORTH DAKOTA —- Of 9 animals observed in stockyard at Mayville, Traill County, 3 lightly infested (an occasional louse found on parting hair). (Wilson, Brandvik). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation (over 20) on a few hogs near Grandin, Cass County. (R. L. Post). NEW MEXICO - Moderately heavy louse infestations, probably this species, infested hogs at Lovington, Lee County; animals treated. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) —- OKLAHOMA — Causing concern to cattle and humans in eastern portion of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 445 - AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on children and in yard in Auburn, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - First of season observed April 23 on human at Adelphi, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Counts on collie dogs ranged 6-8 per ear plus some on toes and elsewhere on bodies in Riley County. (Somsen). WOOD TICKS - UTAH - Active during recent weeks; found on persons at Morgan, Morgan County. (Knowlton). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy flights of Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum fitchii and Brevicoryne brassicae annoying residents in Woodland Hills area, Los Angeles County a (CaleiCoopryRpti.)). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Annoyance decreased in homes during past 2 weeks in area east and southeast of Salt Lake City. (Knowlton). CATERPILLARS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae of an unidentified species believed to be a noctuid moving into home in Hot Springs, Fall River County; counts 15-20 per square yard. (Wiedmeir, Mast). ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - MARYLAND - Heavy infestation in old house in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, on April 16. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CONNECTICUT - Numerous reports during past 2 weeks. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Outbreaks occurred in Philadelphia area, Philadelphia County; Harrisburg, Dauphin County; and in western areas; pest appears more abundant than in past years. (Menusan, Udine). DELAWARE - Continues troublesome in homes in New Castle County. (Connell). MARYLAND - Caused annoyance to homeowners in 4 counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Becoming nuisance in some homes in Riley County. (Gates). WYOMING - Infested many homes and lawns in Fremont, Platte and Goshen Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Numerous homes infested at Salt Lake City, Provo, Logan, Ogden and Brigham City. (Knowlton). SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES - UTAH - Infested several additional homes and a larger commercial building at Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Reticulitermes sp. activity reported in Cotton and Cherokee Counties. @killay "Coop. Suse KANSAS - Reticulitermes sp. reported swarming in Clark County about April 16. (Gates). PA. - R. flavipes in homes, locally,Dauphin and Bucks Counties.(Sleesman) . A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Trogoxylon prostomoides) - CALIFORNIA - Heavily infested mahogany plywood in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Small, new infestation found at ranch near Pantagonia, Santa Cruz County, April 6. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). DERMESTID BEETLES —- ARIZONA - Trogoderma spp. other than granarium present in medium to heavy populations in stored grain at several central farms and mills. CAxiiz,, Coop. Surs)!: HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) -— TEXAS - Heavy, local infestation of full-grown larvae found boring into lumber and sheetrock in lumberyard in Galveston County. - 446 - Infestation thought to be from oystershells used for driveways and parking lots. (Burke). FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus flavipes) - TEXAS - Moderate, local infestation in moving and storage warehouse in Travis County; caused concern, (Tex.Coop.Rpt.). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae and adults found in grain elevator in Fargo, Cass County. (Wilson, Brandvik). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES — CONNECTICUT - Active in most orchards; egg laying begun at Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). DELAWARE - Rather common throughout State in most alfalfa. (Burbutis). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 5 per 10 sweeps in Hanson County. (Hintz). TEXAS - Heavy, widespread populations helping to eliminate remaining greenbug (Toxoptera graminum) problem in Delta County on wheat. (Turney). NEW MEXICO —- Adults and larvae very abundant and active in small grain and alfalfa fields at Virden, Hidalgo County; present in lesser numbers in alfalfa and small grains in Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Adult Hippodamia sp. averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in 100 sweeps in each of 40 alfalfa fields in Platte and Goshen Counties. (Fullerton). KANSAS - H. convergens present in most wheat, barley and alfalfa in south central and southwestern areas. Lady beetles the dominant predator present; counts ranged 0-100 adults and larvae per 100 sweeps. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Several species ranged from light to heavy in alfalfa in north central area; up to 30 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LACEWINGS - UTAH —- Fairly common in northern alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Heavy, widespread populations in Delta County helping eliminate remaining greenbug (Taxoptera graminum) problems on wheat. (Turney). GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light in alfalfa in north central area; averaged 4 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Present in most wheat, barley and alfalfa fields in south central and south western areas. (Peters). GOLDEN-EYE LACEWING (Chrysopa oculata) - DELAWARE - Rather common throughout State in most alfalfa. (Burbutis). NABIDS (Nabis spp.) - NEW MEXICO —- Abundant in alfalfa in Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE —- Rather common throughout State in most alfalfa. (Burbutis). BIG-EYED BUGS —- NEW MEXICO - Abundant in alfalfa in Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - KANSAS - Present in most wheat, barley and alfalfa fields in south central and southwestern areas of State. (Peters). PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS - UTAH — Internal parasitism of pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) high in alfalfa fields in Washington County. (Knowlton). FLOWER FLIES -— CONNECTICUT - Eggs common in most orchards. (Savos). DELAWARE — Rather common throughout State on most alfalfa. (Burbutis) . MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - VIRGINIA — Immature forms (full- grown nymphs) noted in Manassas, Prince William County, on April 25. Reported as being severe but spotted in a lawn and garden, emerging from ground. (Rowell, Grove). Also present in a lawn in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, at density of 3-5 per square foot. (Rowell, Beck; Apr. 23). Places where brood II is likely to occur are Albemarle, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Buckingham, Campbell, Caroline, Charlotte, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Fluvanna, Gochland, Hanover, - 447 - Henrico, James City, Loudoun, Louisa, Lunenburg, Madison, Page, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, Prince Edward, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania and Stafford Counties, and Alexandria City. (Tarpley). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Initial infestations found in Vernon Parish, LOUISIANA, Crawford County, GEORGIA, Calhoun County, SOUTH CAROLINA and Itawamba County, MISSISSIPPI during March. Surveys in Baker, Manatee, Nassau and Sarasota Counties, FLORIDA negative. Complete control treatments applied to infestations in 10 counties in MISSISSIPPI. Control work continued in Brunswick and Carteret Counties, NORTH CAROLINA, and in Charleston area, Charleston County, and Orangeburg area, Orangeburg County, SOUTH CAROLINA. Inspection in 7 counties in western TENNESSEE negative. (PPG, ‘So. Reg.; Mar. Rpt.)). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) — DELAWARE — First adults of season noted at lights on April 24 in Kent County. (Bray). CUTWORMS - ARIZONA - Very heavy populations of adults a problem around homes in several southern and central areas. (raiz2 Coop. Sunt»): WIREWORMS (Limonius spp.) - WASHINGTON - Adults of L. canus in full flight, some L. californicus adults flying, and a few adults of L. infuscatus flying at Walla Walla. (Woodworth). a SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - SOUTH DAKOTA - An estimated 1,000 adults collected in a light trap operated for 3 nights. (Hintz). AN ICHNEUMONID (Polysphincta albipes) - FLORIDA - Collected in Indian River County on May 18, 1957, by R. L. Blickle. Det. by L. M. Walkley. This species is rare imethemsitace.n Glas Coop. Sur. )ic CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(13):283 - A SCALE INSECT -— ARKANSAS - Reported as undetermined, but believed to be Asterolecanium variolosum, determined by L. M. Russell as Chrysomphalus sp., probably observus, (Ark, Ins. Sur.). CEIR 12(15):348 - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - should read ARIZONA —- Collected at Phoenix... CEIR 12(8):105 — RABBIT TICK (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) - PENNSYLVANIA - should read A HARD-BACKED TICK (Ixodes cookei) ... det. Allen McIntosh. ADDITIONAL NOTES TEXAS - Unspecified species of GRASSHOPPER nymphs causing damage to alfalfa along fence rows in Washington County; infestations local and light to moderate, Infestations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) averaged 5 per alfalfa plant in Washington County. Winged forms ranged 100-200 per sweep in alfalfa in Clay County. Winter peas damaged in Clay and Delta Counties; ranged 300-400 per sweep. Adults of VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in vetch in Delta County. Heavy, local infestation of a SPIDER MITE (Petrobia apicalis) in March almost completely destroyed 250 acres of singletary peas in Polk County; det by E. W. Baker. Unspecified APHIDS lightly attacked all kinds of field crops in Bee and Live Oak Counties. Undetermined SPIDER MITES caused heavy, local damage to "cedar" shrubs in Clay County; damage noticeable. First larva of SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) for year noted in Live Oak County. attacking broadleaf native host. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). - 448 - OREGON - Infestation of 12-acre planting of currants and gooseberries by larvae of a weevil, probably BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) , in Woodburn area, Marion County; collected when full grown; pupation occurred April 24, Shipment of 7,000 currant plants at Hubbard, Marion County, from nursery out-of-State, 50 percent infested with a borer, probably CURRANT BORER (Ramosia tipuliformis), April 20. Adults of a flea beetle, probably TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis), emerged and feeding on volunteer potato foliage in Clackamas County, April 25. First generation of PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) now in fourth and fifth instars in Jackson County; no new-generation adults observed to April 23. SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) larvae infesting 5 percent of lodgepole pines in 3 small plantations near Newport, Lincoln County. Larvae nearing full growth April 30. Heavy infestation of GOLDEN BUPRESTID (Buprestis aurulenta) found in home near Albany, Linn County, April 27. Adults emerged through flooring and wall panels. (Capizzi et al.). NEW YORK - Winter mortality of overwintered PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) adults in western part of State relatively low. Oviposition first observed at Geneva, Ontario County, April 5. Weather unfavorable for extensive oviposition as of April 17. Heavy egg laying expected with next period of favorable weather. Egg depostition about average in Orleans County; adults easily spotted. ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) hatched in Clinton County April 26. First of season noted in Niagara County April 23, with hatch probably complete in all zones by April 27. Pest observed within a few hundred feet of Lake Ontario in that County, April 26. First of season observed in Orleans County April 25, started hatching in Oswego County and found hatched in Monroe County lake orchards April 26. BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) observed within a few hundred feet of Lake Onterio in Niagara County, April 26. TENT CATERPILLARS hatched and formed nests in Nassau County. Both adults and eggs of RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) noted in early zone orchard in Niagara County, April 26. No egg masses observed in Ulster County. Moths first observed April 26 in Monroe County with very heavy hatch on following day. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) unusually abundant in orchards examined in Ulster County; only one specimen observed in Clinton County. Some noted in early zone orchard in Niagara County, April 26. GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica vitis) appeared in numbers in Niagara County, April 26. Very few TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus telarius) found in Suffolk County. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) hatched in Ulster County. Eggs appear rather plenti- ful this year in Orleans County. Some MITE activity noted on apples in Nassau County. Adult FLOWER FLIES observed in Clinton County and eggs noted in Niagara County. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) noted in warm areas on birch in Nassau County. WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) very active but very few eggs laid as of April 28. WHITE-PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) eggs hatched on red pine in Ithaca, Tompkins County, by April 26; nymphs now feeding on needles. This pest more abundant last fall than in previous year on white, red and other pines in State. PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) females began oviposition; eggs found last week. Stalks of sweet corn in Hudson Valley with overwintering EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) population sharply reduced by birds; no pupae found. First MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) of season found April 27 in Tompkins County; pest may be found throughout State except in higher elevations and far northern counties on forage crops. Other forage crop insects commonly found include TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris), Sitona sp., CLOVER LEAF- HOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) and ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica); all stages of the latter species found in Hudson Valley. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS male sedi Pseud, Agrot. Feltia Perid. Prod. Trich. Proto. Helio Choriz, unip. ips. subterr. Saucia ornith. ni quing. zea auxil. ARIZONA Mesa 4/15-20 472 alls 50 ARKANSAS Morrilton 4/19 iL Kelso 4/19 10 15 abal CALIFORNIA Shafter 4/20-25 7 14 3 11 4 3 2 COLORADO New Liberty 4/20-27 11 Two Buttes 4/20-27 4 178 10 FLORIDA Quincy 4/17, 23 4 5 6 Gainesville 4/18, 24 9 1 KANSAS Manhattan 4/22-27 2 2 2 3 NEBRASKA North Platte 4/16-24 11 10 2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 4/16-22 al 1 5 1 Charleston 4/23-29 3 10 12 2 2 Clemson 4/7-13 5 2 5 Clemson 4/14-20 7 2 a Clemson 4/21-27 45 7 8 ilk TENNESSEE (Counties) Madison 4/10-23 10 2, Maury 4/10-23 26 1 4 al Robertson 4/10-23 24 2 2 Cumberland 4/10-23 50 22 Gs Greene 4/10-23 18 4 al Johnson 4/10-23 4 2 Blount 4/17-23 56 5 TEXAS Brownsville 4/21-27 6 166 2 1 20 1 48 Waco 4/21-27 13 2 16 20 17 1 10 WISCONSIN Middleton 4/20-25 40 al Madison 4/20-26 83 1 Platteville 4/20, 26 2 Additional Light Trap Collections CALIFORNIA (Shafter 4/20-25) —- Proxenus mindara - 11; Spodoptera exigua - 13. ARIZONA (Mesa 4/15-20) - S. exigua — 668. NEBRASKA (North Platte 4/16-24) - Paleacrita vernata — 67. TEXAS (Brownsville 4/21-27) - Pectinophora gossypiella - 1 WISCONSIN (Middleton 4/20-25 and Madison 4/20-26) - Paleacrita vernata — 25. - 450 - INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U. S. PORTS OF ENTRY Some important interceptions that were reported February 28, 1962, by the Plant Quarantine Division, ARS, USDA, follow. These reports are based on identifications received from Federal taxouomiata at the U. S. National Museum during the month, but do include any of special interest from recent months that were not previously reported. ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis Hend.) 6 times in baggage at Honolulu, Hawaii; once for Hawaii and 5 times for California and Texas destinations. MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens (Lw.)) 4 times in baggage for Texas and Missouri destinations, at Laredo, Texas. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) 13 times; at Honolulu, Hawaii, 8 times in baggage for California destinations; at Tampa, Florida, one time .in stores; at San Pedro, California, one time in baggage for California; and at Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, 3 times in stores. KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 21 times; at Honolulu, Hawaii, one time in mail; at San Pedro, California, one time in cargo of pigeon peas; at Galveston, Texas, one time in stores; at Charleston, South Carolina, 3 times (one in ship's hold, one in stores and one in cargo of "myrobalan nuts" for South Carolina); at Baltimore, Maryland, one time in cargo of gum arabic in transit; at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 times in ship's hold (in cargo of "myrobalan nuts" for Maryland destination, in cargo of cumin seed for Maryland and in stores); and New York, New York, 10 times in cargoes of gum karaya, cumin seed and gum arabic for New York and New Jersey. WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Miller)) 8 times; at Miami, Florida, one time; at Norfolk, Virginia, one time in cargo for Virginia; at Detroit, Michigan, one time in stores; at New Orleans, Louisiana, 2 times with general cargo for Mississippi and Louisiana; and at New York, New York, 3 times (in general cargo for New York, in cut flower cargo for Arizona and in baggage for New York). A NEOTROPICAL SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder)) in palm nuts in baggage at Nogales, Arizona. A LYGAEID (Myodocha sp.) (not in U. S. National Museum) with pineapple cargo for Texas distribution at Hidalgo, Texas. A COCCID Gueaspas) sp.) (undescribed species) on cargo of chamaedorea leaves at San Antonio, Texas. DURRA STALK BORER (Sesamia cretica Led.) 3 times; at New York, New York, one time for local delivery and at Baltimore, Maryland, 2 times in broomcorn cargo for Maryland and Canadian destinations, A BRUCHID (Callosobruchus analis (F.)) (a destructive species in parts of southern Asia) in stores at Houston, Texas, A WEEVIL (Rhynchites sp.) (a genus of weevils of importance to several fruit crops in Europe, Japan, etc.) in cherries in baggage destined for Massachusetts, at New York, New York. EGGPLANT FRUIT BORER (Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.) in eggplant in stores from West Africa, at Boston, Massachusetts. GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) (10 cysts) at San Pedro, California, in soil with Ribes sp. in plane baggage. Plant was intended for planting in California. \ Ard (BX say MZ Ow G AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does roi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agricuiture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 May 11, 1962 Number 19 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS GREENBUG continues noneconomic in Oklahoma and Kansas. (p. 453). Damage to Bermuda grass lawns in southern Arizona by an ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) evident. (p. 454). PEA APHID populations increasing on forage crops generally; infestations light to heavy on alfalfa throughout Oklahoma. (pp. 454-455) .SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in Pahrump Valley of Nevada and in areas of Nebraska. Also present in South Dakota. (p. 455). TARNISHED PLANT BUG becoming more abun- dant on forage crops in the East, and LYGUS BUGS increasing in several Western States. (p. 456). GRASSHOPPER nymphs present in Oklahoma, South Dakota, North Dakota and Utah; large populations reported in area of San Juan County in latter State. (p. 458). EUROPEAN RED MITE hatched in several Eastern States; heavy on abandoned apple trees in Washington County, Maryland, locality. (p. 459). GREEN PEACH APHID colonizing on peach trees in Mesa County, Colorado; populations high in untreated orchards. MAY BEETLES major pest of pecans in Mobile County, Alabama; and PECAN NUT CASEBEARER and PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER caused extensive damage to untreated pecan orchards in Baldwin County, same State. (p. 460). BLACK SCALE increasing on Florida citrus and unusually high twig infestation expected in June in nearly all districts; WHITEFLIES also numerous. (p. 461). ONION MAGGOT and CABBAGE MAGGOT numerous on host plants in Adams County, Colorado. (p. 462). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE damaged strawberries in Kansas and Washington. TOBACCO BUDWORM moderate to heavy on tobacco in 6 Georgia counties and WIREWORMS damaging to tobacco in North Carolina. (p. 463). COTTON APHID heavy on young seeding cotton in Cherokee and Autauga Counties, Alabama, and moderate to heavy in Jim Wells, Refugio, Bee and Live Oak Counties, Texas. Light infestations of a BLACK FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) appearing in central Arizona cotton. (p. 464). ELM LEAF BEETLE adults feeding on elms throughout Oklahoma; also present on elms in Nevada, Colorado and Maryland. (p. 466). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR hatch occurring over wide area and TENT CATERPILLARS severely damaging in area of Grand County, Utah. (pp. 466-467). SPRING CANKERWORM completely defoliated most black locust and hackberry trees in Emporia, Lyon County, Kansas. (p. 467). HORN FLY becoming more active on cattle in several states and FACE FLY present on cattle in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois. AMERICAN DOG TICK continues annoying to picnickers in many areas of Oklahoma and annoyance reported in New Jersey, Delaware, Wisconsin, Nebraska and California. (p. 469) PERIODICAL CICADA heavy in area of Rockland County, New York. (p. 472). SCREW-WORM found in 24 additional Texas counties. (p. 473). SOME FIRST SEASONAL REPORTS MEADOW PLANT BUG nymphs in Illinois and Wisconsin; SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER adults in Arizona; EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses and COLORADO POTATO BEETLE larvae in North Carolina; ARMYWORM larvae in Missouri; POTATO LEAFHOPPER in South Dakota; CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL adults in Maryland; MORMON CRICKET nymphs in Utah; RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER larvae in Connecticut and Indiana; FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER larvae in New Jersey, Connecticut, New York and Utah; EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH larvae in Connecticut; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH adults in Indiana; EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY adults in Connecticut; SPRING CANKERWORM in New York; WHITE-PINE WEEVIL, LARCH CASEBEARER larvae and PINE TUSSOCK MOTH larvae in Wisconsin; PINE BARK APHID in Missouri, Delaware and Maryland; PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) in Indiana, Michigan and New York; BIRCH LEAF MINER and EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH in New York; POTATO FLEA BEETLE adults in Delaware; BEAN LEAF BEETLE adults in Delaware and Maryland; CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL adults in Washington April 16. (Continued on page 452) - 452 - DETECTION FACE FLY found for first time in Bedford County, Virginia. (p. 469). PEAR PSYLLA found in Tuolumne County, California, for first time. (p. 459). CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES See page 472 for corrections. See pages 472, 473 and 474 for additional notes (North Carolina, New York, Texas, Michigan and Vermont). SPECIAL REPORTS Separation of Two Species of Sitophilus (Ss. oryzae (L.) and S. zea-mais Mots.) (p. 476). Pe a Cooperative Survey Entomologists. (p. 477). Reports in this issue are for week ending May 4, unless otherwise indicated. FR AR AK RR A Ak 2K 2k 5 2g 6K WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 7 Attendants at the World's Fair saw a cloudy, cool week as Seattle, Washington, had a temperature average of 6° below normal. Not only the Pacific Northwest had negative temperature departures, but also New England, eastern Texas, north- ern Louisiana and southern Florida. The remainder of the Nation had positive departures, led by Detroit and Chicago, each of which averaged 9° above normal. Large excesses were also recorded in the central Atlantic States. In the eastern half of the country, freezing temperatures were limited mainly to the northern- most sections, while in the western half, temperatures as low as 32° were fairly widespread over the mountain areas and the western edge of the Great Plains as far south as Oklahoma. Temperatures were over 100° much of the period in the Southwest and exceeded this mark on Sunday in western Texas, with Presidio warming to 105°. Warming along the east coast produced a 93° maximum at Richmond, Virginia, Tuesday, while 62° was the high for that day in Washington, D. C. Warm air also pushed up into the Great Plains as the temperature at Beaver City, Nebraska, soared to 98° on Saturday. Precipitation nearly every day in New England and the Pacific Northwest helped end the fire danger in the former area. The largest amounts, however, fell in the western Gulf area where over 4.00 inches were measured in southeast Texas from heavy rains on May 1. Much of the area from eastern Texas to Michigan and Minnesota received amounts exceeding 1.00 inch with scattered areas up to 3.00 inches. The Bootheel area of Missouri had totals over 3.50 inches and El Dorado, Arkansas, had 3.61 inches. Much of the Southwest went another week with no significant rain, as did Alabama and Georgia in the Southeast. Illinois and Indiana were hit by severe storms as a squall line passed on the final day of April. Wind speeds up to 100 m.p.h. were recorded in Illinois, and damage exceeded $1 million in each State from tornadic winds. One person was killed in Indiana. Damaging winds and hail also hit Kentucky, Ohio and Michigan. Hail ranging to golf ball size was reported at spots in Wisconsin and Iowa. Locally heavy showers in West Virginia caused severe flash flooding in Lincoln and Boone Counties. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). —- 453 — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Noneconomic in northwest and panhandle areas. Continues to vary 5 or 10 to 200 per linear foot in Noble, Pawnee and Garfield Counties, north central area; most wheat headed out and only scattered control continues in area, Noneconomic populations also noted in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Continues light in southwest; approximately 25 percent winged. Beneficial insect counts high in small grain fields. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). KANSAS —- Ranged less than one to 25 per foot of row in central area wheat and barley. Wheat is booting or close to boot stage in area, so counts would indicate no problem in this area. (Peters). COLORADO - Occasionally found on wheat in Adams and Weld Counties. (Jenkins). SOUTH DAKOTA - Few trapped in Brookings, Brookings County. (Orlob). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - WISCONSIN - Mostly alates, found in grain fields in Marquette, Portage, Dane and Rock Counties; counts very low, one per 200 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). APHIDS - ALABAMA - As many as 25 undetermined aphids per head observed on small grains in Baldwin County; least extensive on oats. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Only light, scattered populations of Rhopalosiphum fitchii padi complex noted on wheat in north central, northwest and panhandle areas. Populations throughout season have been much lower than in 1961. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Few R. fitchii padi complex trapped at Brookings, Brookings County. (Orlob) . CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Populations of 40 per 10 sweeps observed in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) - NEW MEXICO - Adults appearing in field crops throughout most of State; ranged 80-120 (mostly adults) per 100 sweeps in fields checked-in Valencia County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs appearing in grass fields in Champaign County; as many as 340 per 100 sweeps found. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Eggs hatched in alfalfa in Rock and Marquette Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sucey ie SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Few adults found in field of grain in Portage County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA —- Averaged 2 per sweep on wheat in Stanley County. (Mast, Stoner). Trapped May 1 at Brookings, Brookings County. (Orlob). A BLACK FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - NEVADA - Averaged one adult per sweep in alfalfa in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Richland, Sargent, Ransom, Cass and Traill Counties showed winter mortality of 31 percent, compared with 38.5 percent in 1961. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - Pupation of overwintering larvae 84 percent in Sussex County. No adult emergence observed to May 4. (Burbutis). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA - First adult collections of year occurred in light trap at Mesa, Maricopa County, during period April 30 to May 5. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - First larvae of season reported in southeast area; counts in small grains ranged 0-5 per square yard. Most larvae small. (French). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphy gma frugiperda) - FLORIDA - Infested corn at Homestead, Dade County, April 11. (Knowles). - 454 - SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - NORTH DAKOTA - Two adults taken in light trap operated for one night at Fargo, Cass County. (Tetrault). DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - UTAH - Damaging corn in home gardens in Santa Clara-Washington area, Washington County. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). FLEA BEETLES - NEW JERSEY -— Unspecified species active on sweet corn. (Ins.-Dis.- Weed Newsltr., May 1). WIREWORMS - VIRGINIA - Larvae of undetermined species attacking seedling field corn at one location in King and Queen County; infestation light. (Rowell, Sedivy). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Generally light on wheat in northwest and panhandle areas; fewer than 500 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Trace numbers, O-1 per foot of drill row, found on wheat in Adams and Weld Counties. (Jenkins). NEVADA - Light on wheat in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). MONTANA - Small numbers appearing in Chauteau County wheat fields; to date, infestations lower than in 1961. (Roemhild, May 1). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts of 36 plus per plant found in wheat in Stanley County. (Mast, Stoner). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - ARIZONA - Very heavy populations present in most Bermuda grass lawns throughout southern part of State; damage evident as new growth appears. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Infestations developed in McCone and Teton Counties during week ending May 1. (Roemhild). WYOMING - Larvae found in fields of alfalfa and small grains in Carbon, Sweetwater and Uinta Counties; averaged less than one per square yard. (Fullerton). UTAH - Damage to alfalfa noted in areas of Emery and San Juan Counties; larvae mostly full grown and feeding ceased. Some damage continues in other areas of State. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Local, damaging populations in oats and wheat in Holt County averaged 4 per foot of row; majority of larvae reaching last stages. (Bergman). NORTH DAKOTA - Population of 2 larvae per square foot reported in field of alfalfa in Emmons County; averaged 6 per square foot in margin of field. (Wilson, Brandvik). CUTWORMS - ILLINOIS - Lacinipolia renigera and Feltia subgothica ranged 0-3 per square foot (averaged 0.5) in clover and alfalfa in all districts except west- southwest, where counts of 0-5 (average 2) per square foot were found. (111. Ins. Rpt., Apr. 27). ALABAMA - Undetermined species causing extensive damage to wheat, oats and rye in Baldwin County. (Guyton). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEVADA - Increasing on alfalfa in Pahrump Valley, Nye County, especially seed alfalfa. Ranged 50-100 per sweep in hay fields and up to 350 per sweep in seed fields. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). UTAH - Light to moderate in alfalfa examined in San Juan and Grand Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Low populations of 10-20 per 100 sweeps appearing on alfalfa in Adams and Weld Counties. (Jenkins). TEXAS - Counts per sweep in Van Zandt County averaged 150 in vetch and ranged 150-275 in clover. (Turney). OKLAHOMA — Ranged light to heavy on alfalfa throughout State. Generally light populations of 15-25 per sweep observed in panhandle area, with up to 300 per sweep noted in Seiling area, Dewey County. Plants sticky and severe damage also observed on winter peas in Seiling area. Counts of 300-500 per sweep taken in Beckham-Washita County area (west central); counts of 50-90 per sweep in Sequoyah County (east central) and 100 per sweep in Marshall County (south central) on vetch. Ranged 250-1,000 per sweep in areas of Tillman County (southwest), with spots in field being killed, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS -— Moderate numbers appearing on alfalfa in central area; ranged 25-200 per sweep, averaged 50. (Peters). NEBRASKA - Ranged - 455 - 0-17 per 10 sweeps in central area (Manglitz, Jarvis) and 1-4 per 25 sweeps in Populations ranged 1-15 (averaged 4) per 10 sweeps in SOUTH DAKOTA —- Averaged 8 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Charles Mix County. (Walstrom, Mast). MISSOURI - Light numbers present in alfalfa throughout southern portion of State; counts ranged 3-20 per sweep, averaged 15. If warm weather and high counts of beneficial insects continue, no economic problem is expected. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - Ranged 20-80 (averaged 47) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in Champaign County. Populations may build up. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations increased 5-10 times over those reported for week ending April 27; no alates found. Counts averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps as far north as Barron and Portage Counties. Popula- tions ranged 25-40 per sweep in few fields of alfalfa in Marquette County, although approximately 10 percent of aphids parasitized or diseased. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Populations of over 500 per sweep on vetch and crimson clover in Anne Arundel County; averaged more than 50 per sweep on red clover at Benedict, Calvert County. Generally light to moderate on alfalfa in central and western sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Averaged 10-15 per sweep in New Castle County alfalfa. (Burbutis). eastern area (Staples). northern area. (Bergman). Pea Aphid Situation, Week Ending May 4 0-50 / sweep A 50-100 / sweep B 100-300 / sweep Cc 300 plus / sweep D SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Increasing in most fields in Pahrump Valley, Nye County; ranged from 3-5 per sweep to 10-15 per stem. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). ARIZONA — Some medium to heavy infestations present in alfalfa in southeast area, particularly in Greenlee County. (Ariz, Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Occasional specimen noted in alfalfa fields at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Remains light throughout northwest and panhandle areas; 0-150 per 10 sweeps, Counts of 200-250 per sweep made in Grandfield area, Tillman County (southwest). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Populations per 10 sweeps ranged from 0.1 in Merrick County to 39.7 in Howard County and averaged 10 per 10 sweeps in central area. (Jarvis, Manglitz). Wingless forms averaged one per 10 sweeps along South Dakota border from Cherry to Knox County, and 10 per 10 sweeps in Custer County. (Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 4 per 100 sweeps in Gregory County. (Walstrom). ALABAMA - Light on alfalfa in Lee County. (Guyton). — 4:96) = SWEETCLOVER APHID (Therioaphis riehmi) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2 per 100 sweeps on sweetclover in Charles Mix County. (Walstrom, Mast). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Varied 0-2 per sweep (averaged 0.5) in southern area clover fields, (Ill. Ins. Rpt., Apr. 27). CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - MARYLAND - Common on stems and in leaf axils of red clover at Benedict, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COWPEA APHID (Aphis sp., probably craccivora) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation on roadside clover noted in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) . TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Adults active and ovipositing in New Castle County alfalfa; approximately 2 per 10 sweeps. (Burbutis). ILLINOIS - Adult numbers per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa varied 0-10 (aver- aged 2.8) in northern area and 10-60 (averaged 28) in southern area. (111. Ins. Rpt., Apr. 27). Adults ranged 0-10 (averaged 7) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in Champaign County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Becoming more common in alfalfa; averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in most areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Adults ranged 1-15 (averaged 6) per 10 sweeps in northern area. (Bergman). OKLAHOMA — Ranged 4-20 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Beckham and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 34 per 100 sweeps in Charles Mix County. (Walstrom, Mast). WYOMING - Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in each of 20 fields of alfalfa in Carbon, Sweetwater and Uinta Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Moderate in some alfalfa in Utah, Salt Lake and Emery Counties, especially where mustards are numerous. Some nymphs also appearing. Population 70 percent L. elisus and very numerous on mustards at Blanding and Moab, in southeastern part of State. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Adults per 100 sweeps in Valencia County ranged 8-12 in wheat and 100-200 in alfalfa; in Socorro County, adults ranged 8-20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Averaged 4-12 adults and nymphs per sweep in many fields of alfalfa in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs varied 0-10 (averaged 2) per 100 stems in clover and alfalfa in northwest and 0-90 (averaged 38) in northeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Nymphs present on caged alfalfa in New Castle County. (Bray). MARYLAND - Only light populations observed on alfalfa and clovers in all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Found at rate of one per 400 sweeps in alfalfa in Charles Mix and Gregory Counties. (Walstrom, Mast). LEAFHOPPERS (Aceratagallia spp.) - WYOMING — Averaged 4 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps in each of 20 fields of alfalfa in Carbon, Sweetwater and Uintah Counties. (Fullerton). SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Appears to be very scarce in south-— eastern portion of State. (Knowlton). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WYOMING - Adults averaged one per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Carbon, Sweetwater and Uinta Counties. (Fullerton). COLORADO - Larvae ranged 10-30 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Weld and Adams Counties. (Jenkins). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults present on alfalfa in Beaver County. (Adams). MARYLAND —- Larval damage becoming conspicuous on alfalfa in Queen Annes County; light in central and western sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Injury increased noticeably in untreated fields; larvae mostly in third stage, with few earlier and later instars present. Averaged 4 per infested stem in untreated fields in New Castle County. Adults averaged 3 per sweep in one field in same area, (Burbutis). VIRGINIA - Fall treatment gave very satisfactory control in southwestern counties, Severe infestations encountered in fields not fall treated in same area. (Tarpley). —- 457 - AN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on alfalfa in Pomona and medium in La Puente, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1.8 per 10 sweeps on red clover at Benedict, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - ILLINOIS - Present in clover and alfalfa in most districts; populations varied 0-3 per square foot and 0-40 per 100 sweeps. (I1l. Ins. Rpt., Apr. 27). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ILLINOIS - Larvae ranged 9-21 (averaged 14) per square foot in clover and alfalfa in Champaign County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Averaged less than one larva per crown in alfalfa in central area; 2-5 larvae per crown on few plants. (Peters). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) -— KANSAS - Ranged 0-10 per 100 sweeps in central area alfalfa; averaged less than one per 100 sweeps. (Peters). ; MARYLAND - Adults averaged 2 per 10 sweeps on red clover at Benedict, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent, Dept.). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Damage conspicuous in Huntington-Ferron area, Emery County. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS -— May attack new seedings within next few weeks. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Counts in small area of sweetclover along roadside in McPherson County averaged 100 adults per 100 sweeps. (Peters). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 20-56 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern portion of State. (Walstrom, Mast, Hintz). VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Adults averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in Van Zandt County; older vetch beginning to set pods. (Turney). ALABAMA - Moderate numbers appearing on vetch in Madison County. (Guyton). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 0-2 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa in Beckham and Washita Counties (west central). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 20 gravid females per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Dickinson and Marion Counties. (Peters). A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO - Adults ranged 9-12 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa fields near Belen, Valencia County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS - GEORGIA -— Light on peanuts in Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Thomas, Mitchell and Sumter Counties. (Johnson). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eury theme) - UTAH - Present, but not numerous, in alfalfa in Beaver and Millard Counties. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). OKLAHOMA - Light population of 5 per 10 sweeps noted on vetch in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) WISCONSIN - Larvae and adults becoming noticeable in alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Adults common in many fields in southern portion of State. QP Md Ent. Dept.) VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - MISSOURI - Very light numbers observed in southeast area alfalfa; larvae mostly very small, indicating moth flight and egg deposition still underway. (French). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Light population of 10 per 10 sweeps observed in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LOOPER (Caenurgina erechtea) - ILLINOIS - Larvae ranged 0-10 (averaged 3) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in Champaign County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). bets) A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) - NEVADA - Light infestations present in several fields of alfalfa in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga anxia) - NEBRASKA - Populations ranged 2-30 per square foot, ranging in depth from 2 to 8 inches, in wet meadows in sandhills area. Populations included early and late larval stages,pupae and adults. (Bergman). MORMON CRICKETS —- UTAH - Hatched in fields west of Kanosh, Millard County; first and second stage nymphs ranged 15-20 per square yard. Most hatching occurred in crop and soil bank lands. (Thornley, Knowlton, Apr. 30). Second and third instars in large area southeast of Monticello. Large populations not encountered in a preliminary survey. (Knowlton, May 4). GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Activity of first and second instars of Melanoplus spp. observed on roadsides and field margins in portions of northwest and panhandle areas. Counts generally light, but ranged up to 15-25 per square yard in field margin in Hooker area, Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Egg development survey in Emmons, McIntosh, Logan, La Moure, Cass and Richland Counties showed eggs averaged 75 percent coagulated, 20 percent eye-spot and 5 percent segmented. In Cass and Richland Counties, eggs averaged 25 percent clear stage, 26 percent coagulated stage,30 percent eye-spot stage and 19 percent seg- mented stage. Habitats included soil bank land, alfalfa and small grains. First-— instar nymphs of migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) observed at one locality in Cass County, with light sandy soil and southern exposure. (Wilson, Brandvik). SOUTH DAKOTA - Occasional first instar of unspecified species found in roadside alfalfa in Gregory County. (Walstrom, Mast). UTAH - Large popula- tions, often 25-300 and upwards, per square yard, exist in areas east of Monticello, San Juan County. Populations variable in many cases; only 1-5 per- cent hatched. Mostly Melanoplus spp., with Aulocara elliotti numerous in scattered areas. Much of this early hatch on soil bank lands and farms idle in 1961, Hatch much lighter in Blanding area. In Grand County, grasshoppers 10-400 per square yard in areas south of, and about, Moab; much fewer on rangelands to the north along highways. (Knowlton). FRUIT INSECTS RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - CONNECTICUT - Adults active in Niantic area, New London County, week ending April 28. Egg masses not found. Young larvae,apparently this species, reported in Litchfield, Litchfield County. Egg masses found at Southington, Hartford County, May 8. (Savos). INDIANA - Egg masses increased in abundance between April 23-30, but are not considered numerous; occasional hatch noted by April 23. (Hamilton). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae active in Now Haven area, New Haven County. Larvae found at Woodstock, Litchfield County, and Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). NEW JERSEY - Approximately 90 percent hatched in orchards in Warren County, April 28. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). UTAH - Attacked some trees in orchard at Blanding, San Juan County. (Knowlton). EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae active in New Haven area, New Haven County, and fairly abundant on check trees at Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - Captures of adults high April 25-27; controls recommended, (Hamilton). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - Pupation began in Vincennes area, Knox County, by April 25. (Hamilton). COLORADO - Not taken in traps as of May 4. (Bulla). = 4 59)7— EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - CONNECTICUT - Now in second instar; controls recommended, (Savos). OHIO - First nests noted on untreated apple on May 1. (Cutright). OKLAHOMA - Reported on orchard plums from scattered areas in west central area; activity continues on native plums throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CANKERWORMS - CONNECTICUT - Injury to foliage begun in most of State; controls recommended. (Savos). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) -— INDIANA - No adult observed in con- trolled orchard to date, but protection needed now. (Hamilton). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Stem mothers producing young; popula- tions likely to build up rapidly. (Savos). MISSOURI - Overwintering eggs extremely heavy in scattered orchards in central area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). UTAH - Present, but light, on apple orchards at Blanding, San Juan County; more numerous at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - CONNECTICUT - Curling terminal leaves of some fruit trees. (Savos). DELAWARE - Fairly common on apples in New Castle and Kent Counties; causing some leafcurl. (Burbutis). UTAH - Present, but light, in apple orchards at Blanding, San Juan County; more numerous at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - CONNECTICUT - Continue abundant on apples and peaches. (Savos) . EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT -— Adults noted in New Haven, New Haven County, May 8. (Savos). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Heavy hatch noted by May 4; pest abundant on spur leaves in many orchards May 8. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Large numbers hatched in Niantic area, New London County, week ending May 1. Hatch started at Storrs, Tolland County, and at Woodstock, Litchfield County, week ending May 4. Controls recommended. (Savos). NEW JERSEY - Hatching begun in southern counties April 26-27. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching now 25 percent completed on apples in Beaver County. (Adams). MARYLAND - Heavy populations occurred on abandoned apple trees at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Local, medium infestations of what is probably this species on apple trees in Augusta County; this has been severe in same location for several years. (Miller, Apr. 27). OHIO - First hatching in field April 25; peak May 3. (Cutright). INDIANA - Hatching begun at Mount Carmel, Franklin County, April 25; by April 30 hatching found as far north as Terre Haute, Vigo County. (Hamilton). MISSOURI - Winter surveys show very heavy concentrations of eggs in several orchards near Missouri River in central part of State. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged foliage of fruit trees in orchards in Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - UTAH - Light on apple orchards at Blanding, San Juan County; more numerous at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - OKLAHOMA - Occurring on apple and pear trees in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEAR PLANT BUG (Neolygus communis) -— CONNECTICUT - Puncturing of cluster buds in Cheshire-Southington area noted; controls recommended. (Savos). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) —- CONNECTICUT - Adults still active in Storrs, Tolland County. No nymphs appeared. Hatching begun in Bethel area, Fairfield County, May 8. (Savos). CALIFORNIA -— Recorded for first time on pear trees in aoa County; nymphs now on leaves. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. pt.). - 460 - ORCHARD MITES - CONNECTICUT - Tetranychus telarius ovipositing in upper portions of apple trees; controls recommended. (Garman, Savos). UTAH - Unspecified species light to numerous in apple and pear orchards at Moab, Grand County, and at Blanding, San Juan County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Eriophyes pyri infested pear leaves in Brentwood, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Less severe than during recent years in Washington County in peach orchards. (Thornley). Spottedly numerous on peach leaves at Blanding, San Juan County, and Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Colonizing on peach trees in Mesa County; first alate forms noted April 25, Population high in untreated orchards. (Bulla). SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - UTAH - Damaged a few peach and cherry trees at Blanding, San Juan County. (Knowlton). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - UTAH - Damage now serious in "Dixie area", Washington County. (Thornley, Knowlton). Injured peach trees at Blanding, San Juan County, and Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Pupation started in Mesa County. (Bulla). PEACH TREE BORERS (Sanninoidea spp.) - UTAH - S. exitiosa damaged many home orchard peach and other stone fruit trees in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO —- Sanninoidea sp.severely injured young peach trees in orchard at Los shinee Valencia County; most trees had one or more borers. (N. M. Coop. Ripitien re PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - TEXAS - Galls locally heavy on pecan trees in Fort Worth area, Tarrant County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - Caused extensive damage in Baldwin County orchards where no control carried through late summer of 1961. (Fairly). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) -— ALABAMA —- Caused extensive damage in Baldwin County in orchards where no control carried through late summer of 1961. (Fairly). MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - ALABAMA - Continue number one pest on pecans in Mobile County; all varieties attacked. (Seibels, Buttram). APPLE TWIG BORER (Amphicerus bicaudatus) - TEXAS - Moderate, local infestations on pecan twigs causing concern to grower; damage confined to growth above buds. (Bailey). MAGGOTS - TEXAS - Light to moderate populations of undetermined species ragging leaves of pecans in Montague County. (Turney). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of April - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo- coptruta oleivora) infested 48 percent of groves (norm 59 percent); 24 percent economic (norm 32 percent). Population is at lowest level for date in 11 years. Mites will increase gradually on new leaves and new fruit. A few, scattered infestations will be heavy. Highest districts are Bartow and Brooksville. CITRUS RUST MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 34 percent of groves (norm 64 per- cent); 11 percent economic (norm 38 percent). Record low population will con- tinue, Mites will increase gradually but few infestations will be severe. Highest district is upper east coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 38 percent of groves (norm 28 percent); 13 percent economic (norm 11 percent). Population above average and will increase after mid-May. Highest = 46a — district is Indian River. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 93 percent of groves (norm 84 percent); 14 percent economic (norm 17 percent). Population will continue near average of past 3 years. Highest districts are ridge and Orlando. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 29 percent of groves (norm 55 percent); 3 percent economic (orm 10 percent). Infestations will remain below average number and intensity in all districts. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 32 percent of groves (norm 16 percent); 8 percent economic (norm 4 percent). Above-normal population now present largely in adult stage, with hatching occurring. Crawlers will appear in increasing numbers until about mid-May. These are expected to produce unusually high twig infestation in June in nearly all districts. WHITEFLY adults are abundant and eggs more numerous than in prior 11 years of record. This portends high population of larvae in early June which could weaken trees directly and by favoring development of sooty mold. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred )). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations on grape leaves in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - MARYLAND - Infested blackberries in Prince Georges County and boysenberries on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Infestations declined rapidly; low on most crops. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Alates present on peppers in seed- beds locally in Sussex County. (Burbutis). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND - Infesting newly set tomatoes in Motgomery County. (U Md., Ent. Dept.). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Population continues to decline in central area potatoes; treatments very successful in most cases. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CLEMATIS BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta cinerea) - ALABAMA - Moderate infestation on potatoes in Mobile County. (Seibels). POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - Feeding injury fairly common on young potato plants in New Castle County; counts range 0-3 per plant. Also present in Kent County on tomatoes, first adults of season. (Burbutis). FALSE POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa juncta) - ALABAMA - Moderate infestation on potatoes in Mobile County. (Seibels). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Present, but scarce, on peas in New Castle County; increased on peas in Sussex County, with counts of 27 per 10 sweeps. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Building up on peas in southern and eastern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - ALABAMA - Scattered, light damage in home gardens in Theodore area, Mobile County. (Buttram). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) -— ALABAMA - Adults quite common and feeding in home-~garden beans in area of Theodore, Mobile County. (Buttram). DELAWARE - First adults of season present on peppers in seedbeds in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND — Adults moderate and feeding on beans in garden at Prince Frederick, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 462 - MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA —- Damage moderate in home=— garden beans in Theodore area, Mobile County. (Buttram). FLEA BEETLES (undetermined) -— COLORADO - Damaged seedling turnips in Adams County. (Jenkins). DELAWARE - Present on peppers in seedbeds in Sussex County. (Burbutis). DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - COLORADO - Adults numerous on tansy- mustard in Adams and Weld Counties. (Jenkins) . BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Averaged one per 20 sweeps at Moab, Grand County, and one per 50 sweeps at Monticello and Blanding, San Juan, County, on mustards. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Spring surveys indicate host plant populations in cultivated areas of Glenns Ferry, Elmore County, and Gooding and Twin Falls Counties, much below previous years. Host plant populations in Sailor Creek area below those of previous years except in area south of Glenns Ferry. In 18,000-acre area of tumblemustard (Sisymbrium altissimum) infestation averaged 260 beet leafhoppers per 100 square feet. Area averages per 100 square feet were as follows: Glenns Ferry - 41, Jerome - 22, Minidoka = 7, Mountain Home —- 24, Perrine - 17, in the entire Sailor Creek area -— 113, Twin Falls - 14, and in Bruneau-Murphy - 13. Average population in desert range breeding area 72 as compared with 44 in 1961, 17 in 1959, 16 in 1958 and 65 in 1957. (Gittins). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Light infestations appearing in sugar beet seed fields in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) ~ COLORADO - Fields checked in Weld County negative for adults. (Jenkins). A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy infesta- tions requiring treatment in some sugar beets in central area, (Ariz. Coop. Sian). ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE — Adults and eggs present on asparagus throughout State. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Ovipositing on asparagus locally in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A LEAF BEETLE (Gastrophysa cyanea) -— COLORADO - Found feeding on rhubarb in Yuma County. (La Quey, Hantsbarger). RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - WISCONSIN - Adults observed feeding on rhubarb in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - COLORADO - Eggs, larvae and adults numerous on seedling and winter onions in Adams County. (Jenkins). THRIPS — MARYLAND - Light numbers noted on onions at Prince Frederick, Calvert Coumtys (GUL Md), (En tee Dept. is CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - COLORADO - Eggs, larvae and adults numerous on seedling turnips and on overwintered turnips in Adams County. (Jenkins). MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs noted; heavy egg laying expected during first warm, quiet days. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - WASHINGTON - First adults April 16; lack of turnip and mustard blooms makes them difficult to find. (Eide). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - OKLAHOMA —- Light populations on turnips in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - KANSAS - Counts on radish ranged 5 to over 50 per leaf; common on most plantings in Wathena, Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh) . - 463 - APHIDS - INDIANA - Numerous on strawberries in Mitchell area, Lawrence County; controls recommended to reduce potential virus spread. (Marshall). WASHINGTON - Myzus ascalonicus not found on strawberries this year, but collected from weeds on Whidby Island, Island County. (Hide). STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - WASHINGTON - One of the predomi- nant species on strawberries in northwestern part of State. (Hide). SPITTLEBUGS -— INDIANA - Population on strawberries high in Mitchell area, Lawrence County. Nymphs averaged 3 or more per plant on April 27. (Marshall). NEW JERSEY - Hatching in great numbers on unmulched strawberries April 25. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). FOXGLOVE APHID (Myzus solani) - WASHINGTON - Very numerous, but causing little damage to strawberries in western part of State. (Eide). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - KANSAS - Counts on second-season strawberries in variety plot in Doniphan County ranged 10 to several hundred eggs and mites per leaflet. Foliage stunted and discolored, considerable webbing present. Counts on first-season strawberries in same area ranged 0-10 mites per leaf. (Eshbaugh). WASHINGTON - Appeared on some strawberry fields in excessive numbers in northwestern area; noticeable injury in April. (Hide). MITES - NEW JERSEY - Increased enormously on strawberries during recent hot, dry period. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). TOBACCO INSECTS TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy infestations on tobacco in Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Cook, Thomas and Mitchell Counties. (Johnson). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults caused moderate injury to young plants in tobacco beds in Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light infestations on tobacco in Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Cook, Thomas and Mitchell Counties. (Johnson). WIREWORMS (Conoderus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA —- C. vespertinus infested 40 to 90 percent of 7 or 8 fields of recently planted tobacco in Robeson County. Survey in Columbus County indicated C. falli the predominant wireworm present. Several fields will need replanting, but many fields will overcome damage if weather is favorable. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Guthrie, Mount). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on tobacco in Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Cook, Thomas and Mitchell Counties, (Johnson). GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - MARYLAND -— Common, and caused light injury to plants in tobacco beds in Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Averaged 8 per acre in 2 fields of 22 examined in McLennan and Falls Counties. This compares with average of 2 per acre in 43 fields during corresponding week of 1961. None collected on flight screens week ending May 4. (Cowan, Davis). Few fields in mid-Rio Grande Valley area have had infestations sufficient to warrant treatment. (Deer). DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp.) - ARIZONA - Light populations continue to damage stand in some central area cotton, (Ariz, Coop. Sur.). - 464 - BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - TEXAS - Continue to damage terminals in most Cameron County fields; population showing some decline. (Deer). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Emergence continues to increase in cage tests at Safford, Graham County. Eight moths emerged during week ending May 5; 6 from surface material, and one each from material buried 2 and 4 inches. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Three specimens found in 2 fields in San Benito-Russelltown area in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Single adult collected in light trap at Waco during period April 28-May 4. (Cowan, Davis). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Infestations continue general in McLennan and Falls Counties, but parasite and predator activity increased considerably. Infestations medium in one field, light in 17 fields and none found in 4 fields. (Cowan, Davis). Spotted infestations requiring controls have been present in Wharton County area. Infestations continue to be found in most fields in lower Rio Grande Vailey area,but parasitism is high and fields are clearing up rapidly. Infestations range moderate to heavy in Jim Wells, Refugio, Bee and Live Oak Counties. (Deer, Smith). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations observed on young seedling cotton in Cherokee and Autauga Counties. (Buttram). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Light to moderate in western portion of lower Rio Grande Valley and in Jim Wells County. (Deer). Few adults found in 2 of 22 fields inspected in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan, Davis). A BLACK FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - ARIZONA - Light infestations appearing in central area cotton, especially in Casa Grande area of Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). THRIPS — ARIZONA —- Infestations of 1-5 per plant present in some southeast area cotton and in a few central area fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Infesta- tions increased over those reported during week ending April 27, in McLennan and Falls Counties; presently heavy in 2 fields, medium in 3 fields, light in 15 fields and none found in 2 fields. (Cowan, Davis). Several species generally moderate to heavy in south central area. (Deer). GEORGIA - Light on cotton in Laurens, Irwin, Tift,Berrien, Cook, Thomas, Mitchell, Sumter and Macon Counties. (Johnson). SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Several species heavy in some fields in lower Rio Grande Valley area. Light, scattered infestations reported from Brazos County. (Deer, Doering). CALIFORNIA — Light populations of Tetranychus atlanticus appearing on cotton in Shafter area, Kern County. (T. Leigh). = 465 - FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BARK BEETLES - MONTANA - Ips oregonis caused severe losses to ponderosa pine stands in Bitterroot and Clark Fork Vallies; attacked sapling-size trees and tops of trees over 10 inches in diameter. Teneral adults found in these trees during March. I. plastographus attacked several ponderosa pines near Darby, Ravalli County. = Dendroctonus brevicomis infested many ponderosa pines over 10 inches in diameter top-killed by I. oregonis in northwest area of State. D. pseudotsugae infestations have increased throughout South Fork of Flathead River drainage. (Tunnock, Roemhild, May 1). ARKANSAS - Ips spp. and Dendroctonus terebrans seasonal increases have begun; 11 of 43 reports indicated increased activity. This activity still confined to smali areas and small groups of trees. As temperatures rise and other conditions favor development, increased activity may occur in some areas. Slow growing plantations and harvest areas should be checked regularly (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). DOUGLAS-FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus unispinosus) - MONTANA - Killed over 3,000 Douglas- fir trees in an 1,800-acre area between Ravalli and Dixon in Sanders and Lake Counties; trees contained brood when infestation was discovered in January. (Tunnock, Roemhild). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Observed feeding on white pine in Waupaca and Langlade Counties April 26. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A SCARAB (Hoplia trivialis) - MARYLAND - Numerous adults taken from cones of white pine at Harmans, Anne Arundel County, April 27. (U2 Ma Ent: Dept.) SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - WASHINGTON - Unusually abundant in northwest area and damaging conifers. (Eide). LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - WISCONSIN - Larvae beginning to feed on new needles in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Larvae beginning to feed on small jack and red pines in Bayfield County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A TUSSOCK MOTH - COLORADO - Larvae of an unknown species feeding on native juniper forest in La Plata County. (Haddan, Hantsbarger). DOUGLAS-FIR PITCH MOTH (Vespamima novaroensis) - MONTANA - Larvae removed from about wound on bole of western larch near Fortine, Lincoln County, in April. (Tunnock, Roemhild). PINE TIP MOTHS - ARKANSAS - Adult emergence practically complete in southern area, although few adults still appearing April 24. Larvae beginning to bore into new growth, although most still feeding on external tissues or under needle scales. Adult emergence about at peak in northern area. Still too early to compare infestations with prior years. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - MISSOURI - Several infestations reported on ornamental plantings of white pine in southeast area. (V. Owens). DELAWARE - Heavy on white pine in an area of New Castle County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Eggs hatching on white pines in Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - DELAWARE - Common on Virginia pines in New Castle County. (Kelsey). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - ARKANSAS - Common on many small trees in some plantations. Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - INDIANA - Newly hatched N. sertifer larvae pre- sent on Scotch pines in Pulaski County May 1. (Schuder). ARKANSAS - N. taedae linearis active in south central area. Affected area extends from Hampton, - 466 - Calhoun County, west toward Camden, Ouachita County, and south to Ouachita River bottom. Larvae nearly full grown and feeding will slacken off. Damage, while greater than in recent years, is not too serious; only few trees noted with as much as 35 percent defoliation. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA —- Adults active and laying eggs in Hawthorne, Mineral County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). COLORADO - Adults appearing on elms and ornamentals, with some egg deposition occuring in Mesa County; no larvae found. (Bulla). OKLAHOMA - Adults beginning to feed on elms throughout State. No reports of egg laying or larval feeding yet received. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Adults emerging from hibernation. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). ILLINOIS - May appear soon in southern portion of State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Adults infesting Chinese elm at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). Elm Leaf Beetle Adults on Trees — May 4 8—1176 SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations attacking elm trees locally in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Adults active in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Coop. Rpt.). MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Defoliating trees and shrubs in Jefferson County; becoming more active about lights at night in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - ARKANSAS - Infestations initially heavy in many parts of State; however, a polyhedrosis virus reduced larval numbers in many nests and feeding damage was generally light. Parasites were plentiful, further reducing larval numbers. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). MISSOURI - First larvae of season reported on native cherry in southeast and east central areas. (Lenhardt). WISCONSIN - Second instars present in southern counties. Reports indicate possible heavy infestation in one area of Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Nests appeared on flowering peach trees in Bartholo- mew and Dubois Counties April 28. (Schuder, Griese). VIRGINIA - Infestations - 467 - spotted on several hosts in Isle of Wight, Nansemond and Southampton Counties; first appeared in area about April 15. (Smith, Apr. 30). Very common in Newport News and Hampton areas, being a nuisance around homes (Amos); spotted infestations observed in Campbell, Nottoway, Amelia, Chesterfield, Henrico, Appomattox, Powhatan, Cumberland and Buckingham Counties, and common to conspicuous in Montgomery, Craig, Roanoke, Bedford and Botetourt Counties. (Tarpley). PENNSYLVANIA - Light hatch occurred on native cherry and apple in Allegheny County, April 20; hatched in Lawrence County area about April 19, with 30-50 percent infestation of native cherry and apple in one area and light in other locations; hatch light in Bucks and Montgomery Counties. (Simons, Cole, Millet). TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - WASHINGTON - Now all hatched in northwest area. (Hide). UTAH - Severely damaging at Moab, Grand County; defoliating poplars in many instances; several hundred trees infested. Less serious on cotton- woods, poplars, some willows and other native shrubs at Monticello, Blanding and Bluff in San Juan County. (Knowlton). VERMONT - Have begun to hatch. (MacCollom, Ayone 4 BXO)) SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - KANSAS - Completely defoliated most black locust and hackberry trees in Emporia, Lyon County; counts 5-6 per leaf. Elms treated for bark beetle control have little injury from this pest. (Thompson) . LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) - MASSACHUSETTS - Hatching has occured. May be damaging in many areas of State this season. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifolii) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults medium on maple leaves in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - UTAH - Severe on ash, willow, poplar and lilac in several areas of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - MARYLAND - Infesting several declining oaks in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GALL INSECTS —- ARKANSAS - Causing severe damage to willow oaks in some southern area cities. Adult emergence underway and new galls forming where reinfestation has occurred, (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on low growing garden plants in Riverside, Riverside County, and heavy on artemesia, sage and leaves of other native plants in Spring Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rote). IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) - INDIANA - Larvae invading leaves of bearded iris at Columbus, Bartholomew County. (Schuder) . JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomerus marginella) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Small infestation present in nursery sales yard at Chambersburg, Franklin County. (Negley, Apr. 25). WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on leaves of ornamental Prunus sp. in El Cerrito, Contra Costa County. (Call Coop. Rpt.) A COTONEASTER WEBWORM (Cremona cotoneastri) - WASHINGTON - Damaging cotoneaster in Olympia, Thurston County. (McKay, Brannon). CUTWORMS - UTAH - Unspecified species damaged some early transplanted flowering plants at Salt Lake City. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). NEVADA - Oncocnemis punctilinea severely damaged Modesto ash in Las Vegas, Clark County, during April; pupation now almost completed. (Coop. Rpt.). MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy locally on willow trees on Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 468 - SPRUCE APHID (Aphis abietina) - WASHINGTON - Severaly damaging ornamental spruce in Kitsap County. (Sivo, Brannon). APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Aphis sambucifoliae adults heavy on elderberry on Indian Reservation at Willow Glen, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Infestations of an undetermined species curling leaves of Arizona ash in Guadalupe County. (New). OKLAHOMA - Several species common on ornamental plants and flowers throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Cinara sp. infestations developed rapidly on pines during past few weeks; locally quite heavy in some areas. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., May). AN APHID (Capitophorus braggii)- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA -- Few fundatrigenia appearing on new growth of thorny elaeagnus (Elaeagnus pungens) hedge on April 9; few very young present. Hedge heavily infested, new growth distorted and stunted, and plants sticky with honeydew and with many cast skins on April 28; few alates pre- sent. Still abundant with many alates present on May 5. (M. D. Leonard). Aphids in Maryland - Building up on many ornamentals over State, including Aphis gossypii on althaea, Macrosiphoniella sanborni on chrysanthemum, Aphis spiraecola on spirea, Anuraphis viburniphila on viburnum, A. rosea on crab apple and Macrosiphum rosae on rose. CUMIMGsy waEnites Dept. i A CHERMID (Chermes tsugae) - WASHINGTON - Infesting ornamental western hemlock in Seattle area, King County. (Backstrom, Brannon). EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - OKLAHOMA - Crawlers and males occurring on elm and hackberry in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COCCIDS - MARYLAND- Egg laying by Pseudaulacaspis pentagona occurring on Japanese cherry trees at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Fiorinia japonica medium to severe on Canada hemlock in some areas of Richmond (Thomson, Freund, Tarpley); Lepidosaphes camelliae and Fiorinia theae light to medium on Chinese holly at few locations in Henrico County (Thomson, Tarpley). MISSOURI - Heavy infestations of Fiorinia theae and Aspidiotus spp. observed on Buford holly in east central area. (Lenhardt). TEXAS - Local, heavy infestations of Unaspis euonymi causing concern to homeowners in Bexar County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Coccids in Florida - Asterolecanium pustulans severely infested 2 Ficus sp. at Clewiston, Hendry County, on April 12. Coccus hesperidum lightly infested 10 Agave sp. at North Fort Myers, Lee County, April 11 and 700 citrus trees at Auburndale, Polk County, April 16. Fiorinia theae and Howardia biclavis moderately infested Camellia japonica at Saint Petersburg, Pinellas County, April 23 and 26, respectively. Pseudococcus adonidum moderately infested 1,000 Dracaena godseffiana plants at Apopka, Orange County, April 12 and lightly infested Dracaena sp. at De Leon Springs, Volusia County, April 13. Unaspis citri moderate to severe on Citrus sinensis at Orlando, Orange County, April 16 and infested C. limon at same location April 20. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). HACKBERRY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidismamma) - KANSAS - Small galls appearing on hackberry in Manhattan, Riley County. (Thompson). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Continued medium on tamerisk in Daggett area, San Bernardino County. This thrips has been particularly abundant this spring on a wider variety of host plants, particularly native species. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Moderate in garden flowers, dandelion and mustard blossoms at Tooele, Tooele County, and Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - MARYLAND - Larvae and pupae infesting boxwoods in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (Ui. 4M; | Ent.) Dept): VIRGINIA - Light to severe in several sections of Henrico County; most adults have emerged. (Tarpley, Thomson). - 469 - A GALL MIDGE (Oligotrophus salicifolius) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested pussy willow at Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, April 25. (Sleesman). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Undetermined species annoying in northeast area during week ending April 23. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - During period April 1-21, 355 larval collections contained only Aedes spp., 86 percent being second instar or earlier. In 1,044 collections during period April 22-28, only 14 percent were second instar or younger; 14 species of Aedes have been collected to May 4. A, stimulans occurred in 40 percent of collections, A. excrucians in 32 percent. — Virtually all collections contained more than one species. Warm weather has accelerated development. First pupae were found April 26; pupae still rare May 3. Emergence will begin about May 5. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Few adults of unspecified species appearing at Huntington, Emery County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species very abundant in Valencia and Socorro Counties, especially around fields and other vegetation. Qin MEA CoopyeR pitas HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - INDIANA - Appeared on cattle in Dubois County April 26; ranged 10-25 per cow. (Dobson). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-10 (averaged 2.2) per animal on 2 cattle herds checked in Champaign County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Light populations of 10-20 per animal present on bulls and cows in sandhills area. (Bergman). KANSAS - Ranged 5-40 per animal on 20 yearlings checked in Marion County. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Populations ranged 75-100 per cow and up to 400 on bulls in Stillwater area, Payne County; 50-200 per head on cows in northwest and panhandle areas; 30-75 per head on herds checked in Logan and Kingfisher Counties. Also reported from other areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - The following counts have been recorded, by counties: Putnam - 30-40 per animal on 100 animals, April 17; 40-50 per animal on 50 animals, April 24; 75-100 per animal on 20 animals, April 29; Spalding - less than 10 per head on 10 animals, April 28; Rabun - 200 per animal on 10 animals, May 2; Clarke - 150 per animal on 20 animals. (Roberts). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VIRGINIA - Occasional individual observed on 2 herds in Bedford County. This is a new county record. (Tarpley). Large numbers reported a nuisance in a home in Ivanhoe, Wythe County, as they emerged from hibernation site. (Rowell). PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming annoying to livestock in York County. (Pepper). INDIANA - Present on cattle in Tippecanoe and Warren Counties; ranged 5-10 per head April 25-27. (Dobson). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-5 (averaged 2.4) per face on 2 cattle herds in Champaign County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Found overwintering in homes during past winter in Brown, Wabasha, Rock, Yellow Medicine, McLeod and Houston Counties. This pest has been previously reported from these counties. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Populations remain low in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Three sucking species and one biting species common on untreated bulls at Logan, Cache County. (Haws, Knowlton, Apr. 30). Approximately 8,000 cattle dipped for control in Emery County. (Knowlton). HORNETS AND YELLOW JACKETS - CONNECTICUT - Active and expected to increase in numbers. (Savos). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NEW JERSEY - Inquiries beginning to be received concerning controls. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 1). DELAWARE - Occurring on dogs and humans in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis) WISCONSIN - Caused an annoyance for past 2 weeks throughout most of northern area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Activity first noted April 23 in southeast part of State. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Infestation heavy in vicinity of Thedford, Thomas County. (Bergman). OKLAHOMA - Continues annoying to picnickers in many areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Adult taken from child in Tracy, - 470 - San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes ovis) - VIRGINIA - None found on 174 sheep inspected during March. (Va. Livestock Hlth. Bul.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - VERMONT - Present in many homes during spring. (MacCollom). MARYLAND - Adults emerged from home in Flintstone, Allegany County, April 28. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HAIRY SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus villiger) - OKLAHOMA - Found in homes in Oklahoma City area, Oklahoma County. OK MECooparsur:)) A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) - WASHINGTON - Invaded home near Chehalis, Lewis County, and homes in Sedro-Woolly, Skagit County. (Reffler, Brannon, Hide). POULTRY BUG (Haematosiphum inodorus) - OKLAHOMA - Invaded homes in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ANTS - CONNECTICUT - Infestations of undetermined carpenter ants common throughout State. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Pheidole pilifera pilifera infested basement of home at Harrisburg, Dauphin County; det. E. U. Balsbaugh. (Balsbaugh, Apr. 25). Camponotus pennyslvanicus infested home on Stony Creek, Dauphin County. (Bals- baugh, Apr. 25-26). MARYLAND —- Winged and wingless forms of Camponotus sp. noted in home at Waldorf, Charles County, May 2. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Undetermined black species troublesome in yards at Enterprise, Washington County; a smaller species invaded home at same farm. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Moderate flights of overwintered queens noted in numerous northern areas. (Gittins). MUD DAUBERS - CONNECTICUT - Active and expected to increase in numbers. (Savos). CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Unusually numerous statewide. (Pepper) . A BRACONID (Spathius canadensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Appeared in various parts of home in Susquehanna, Susquehanna County; det. C. F. W. Muesebeck. (Udine, Apr. 1). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - VERMONT - Beginning to appear; population increase expected. (MacCollom). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - VERMONT - Prevalent in many homes during spring. (MacCollom). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - RHODE ISLAND - Complaints noted from Providence, Kent and Washington Counties; populations heavier than usual. (Mathewson, Hannah, Cartier). CONNECTICUT - Nuisance continues in most of State. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Invaded home at New Cumberland, Cumberland County; noted at King of Prussia, Montgomery County, and Beaver, Beaver County. (Balsbaugh, Sleesman, Adams). INDIANA - Very numerous in homes in Tippecanoe County. (Dobson) . WYOMING - Infested many homes and lawns in Carbon, Sweetwater and Uinta Counties. (Fullerton): DERMESTIDS - PENNSYLVANIA - Attagenus piceus infested carpets and furniture at Harrisburg, Dauphin County (Balsbaugh), and Anthrenus verbasci infested closets, rugs and furniture in Lemoyne, Cumberland County (Sleesman). MARYLAND - Anthrenus flavipes adults present in attic of home at Glyndon, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MONTANA - Dermestes lardarius infested house in Butte, Silver Bow County. (Roemhild). SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES - OKLAHOMA - Heavy swarming of Reticulitermes tibialis occurred in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MONTANA - = 1471s — R. tibialis infested house in Helena, Lewis and Clark County. (Roemhild). MARYLAND - Winged forms of unspecified species swarming about homes in Baltimore City and Anne Arundel, Harford, and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected in home in Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County. (Spawn, Leverett). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - RHODE ISLAND - Noted throughout the State. (Mathewson, Hannah, Cartier). PENNSYLVANIA - Infested homes at Brownsville, Fayette County; Berwick, Columbia County; and Beaver, Beaver County. Swarming noted at latter place on May 5. (Sleesman, Adams). WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - IDAHO - Infested home in Lewiston, Nez Perce County, and log house at New Meadows, Adams County. (Portman). A DRYWOOD TERMITE (Kalotermes snyderi) - FLORIDA - Collected at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 29; first winged reproductives noted at lights; det. L. A. Hetrick. (Hetrick). ; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS A DERMESTID (Trogoderma glabrum) - MONTANA - Heavy infestation found in wheat bin in Daniels County. Det. by P. J. Spangler. (Roemhild). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - ARIZONA - Few medium to heavy infestations found in stored grain in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). Stored-product Insects in Alabama - Inspection of warehouse at Alabama State Docks yielded the following from floor scrapings: HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) , heavy; LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica), moderate; and CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne), moderate. (Seibels). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - ALABAMA - All stages of Hippodamia convergens feeding on undeter- mined aphids in clover in Mobile County. (Seibels). OKLAHOMA - Several species ranged light to heavy on wheat and alfalfa over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - H. convergens and Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris ranged 0-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in central area; on wheat in same area averaged 1 per 10 feet of row. (Peters). ILLINOIS - Adults ranged 0-20 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa, averaging 0.7 in northern area and 4.3 in southern area. (Gila Woos au ones |p Apr. 27). SOUTH DAKOTA - Various species found throughout southeastern and south central parts of State. (Walstrom, Mast, Hintz). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Found throughout southeastern and south central parts of State. (Walstrom, Mast, Hintz). ILLINOIS - Populations per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa varied 0-20 (averaged 2.8) in northern area and 10-20 (averaged 12.9) in southern area. (I11. Ins. Rpt., Apr. 27). KANSAS - Ranged 10-30 per 100 sweeps in central area alfalfa. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers present in some alfalfa checked in northwestern and southwestern areas. (Okla. Coope Sur) GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Adults present in alfalfa throughout State. (Okla. Coopr Sure) SYRPHIDS - UTAH - Adults and larvae common in pea-aphid infested alfalfa in ''Dixie area" of Washington County. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). FLOWER BUGS (Orius spp.) - UTAH - O. insidiosus and O. tristicolor active in alfalfa in Washington, Kane and Grand Counties. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). PARASITIC BRACONIDS - TEXAS - Populations increasing in most areas; helping to = 472 - hold down aphid populations on legumes in northeastern area and on cotton in southern area to below-damaging numbers. GextuCoopmiRpt.): A PARASITIC ICHNEUMONID (Bathyplectes curculionis) - COLORADO - Numerous in alfalfa in Weld and Adams Counties; 20-30 per 100 net sweeps. (Jenkins). A PREDATORY MITE (Typhlodromus sp.) - WASHINGTON - Actively preying on spider mites on apple trees at Wenatchee, Chelan County. (O'Neill). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga fusca) - WISCONSIN - Heavy emergence occurred in Barron County on May 2. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SPIDER MITES - UTAH - Very numerous on greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) in Price area, Carbon County. (Knowlton). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(6):71 - AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleela) - should read (Gracilaria azaleella). CEIR 12(9):126 - Third paragraph - SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonderus lecontei) should read (Agonoderus lecontei) ADDITIONAL NOTES NORTH CAROLINA — TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) injured 3-acre field of peanuts in Greene County. Stand of newly emerging peanuts 50-75 percent damaged; replanting will be necessary. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Campbell, Robertson). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) observed leaving tents in Wayne County during weekend April 28-29. (Jones, Mount). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) egg masses noted in Camden County May 4; first report of season. (Tuten, Nielsen). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) egg masses and immatures noted at Faison Experiment Station, Duplin County, May 4. (Brett, Jones). NEW YORK - In western part of State, PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) hatched by April 28; PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) adults moved from hibernation April 22, but no adults recovered from host trees as of May 4; first RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) moths seen during hot weather on April 26 and occasional egg mass laid in early orchards on that date. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) active in Suffolk County May 3. CANKERWORMS hatched in Westehcester. County during week ending May 7. Red-banded leaf roller egg laying first observed in Ulster County May 3; numbers still very light; indications are that first brood will not be very early in relation to fruit buds this season. TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) hatched April 27 in Clinton County; APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) active in foliage May 3; SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) and appleworms feeding on bud clusters May 3; FLOWER FLY larvae present. In Niagara County, FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) , overwintered TWO- SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) on leaves, THRIPS on apple buds and APPLE RED BUG (Lygidea mendax) nymphs present in neglected orchard May 1; hatched EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) also noted. In Monroe County, red-banded leaf roller eggs easily found; European red mite egg hatch observed May 4. In Wayne County, red-banded leaf roller moths first observed April 25; eggs masses noted on same date. First EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) pupa found in Hudson Valley May 6. Unspecified APHIDS numerous on tomatoes in plant beds in Nassau County. Brood II nymphs of PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) ready to emerge in large numbers. In Rockland County along Hudson River, nymphs and tunnels uniformly and heavily distributed over a several-acre area, averaging about 5 per - 473 - square foot. At this level, more than 200,000 would be produced per acre. An extended period of warm or hot weather during the next 1-2 weeks should bring out cicada adults. First instars of PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) feeding on needles of black pine at Melville, Long Island, with second instars of WHITE-PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) on same trees. TWO-SPOTTED LADY BEETLE (Adalia bipunctata) and GOLDEN-EYE LACEWING (Chrysopa oculata) were present and eggs were laid May 2. CASEBEARER (Acrobasis sp.) larvae infested many buds on several hickory trees in Nassau County. ERIOPHYID MITES abundant and active on hemlock and all stages of a BUD MITE infested buds of several species of Taxus on Long Island. Few to moderate numbers of spring cankerworm causing shot-hole effect on leaves of linden, beech and oak at same locality. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) appears to be moderate in the southeastern part of State. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) active. AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) present on sycamore throughout Nassau County and tent caterpillar webbing is more obvious. EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) emerged at Brightwaters, Suffolk County» ON. YoUWKly. Rpt.) TEXAS - SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Release of sterile flies continues in State at rate of 200 per square mile, greater rate in some areas of heavy infestation. During period April 27-May 3, release of 24,450,400 sterile flies over 60,524 square miles made. Also during this period,1,173 screw-worm cases reported, 41 of which were in 24 new counties; total number of counties now 103. New county records with number of cases are: McCulloch, 4; Coke, Concho, Lee, 3 each; Brown, Coryell, Milam, San Jacinto, Upton, Waller, 2 each; and Borden, Crosby, Grimes, Hudspeth, Martin, Midland, Mitchell, Robertson, Ward, Winkler, Hamilton, Montgomery, Reeves, Comanche, Fort Bend, Nolan, Wichita, 1 each. Map below shows status of program as of May 3. Anime ise Shrade Davie OAR \TERRY [LYNN GAINES [oaws.[oofas Tcun ris eee rap OE is ad ee Ay yf} ae Currently infested counties sii, New counties reported period of 4/27-5/3/62 MICHIGAN - Adult IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) became noticeable in East Lansing, Ingham County, April 29. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) plagued house- holders since April 20 in Mason, Houghton County; Jackson, Jackson County; Grand Rapids, Kent County; Pontiac, Oakland County, and East Lansing. OBLIQUE-BANDED - 474 - LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceanus) common in rosehouses at Mount Clemens, Macomb County. APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) and APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) hatched at Jeddo, St. Clair County; Novi, Oakland County; and Fennville, Allegan County, by April 30. PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) began hatching April 30 at Novi. EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) larvae observed at Mason, Hough- ton County, and Adrian, Lenawee County, May 4. Adults of SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) collected in flight at East Lansing. SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) readily observed on street trees at Detroit, Wayne County, May 5. (lateon) VERMONT - TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) activity observed on fruit. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) expected to be active soon. Numerous inquiries received about ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) in homes. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) expected to infest homes for next few weeks. CARPENTER ANTS common during spring. (MacCollom). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Perid. Prod. Trich. Choriz. Heliothis unip. ips. subterr. saucia ornith. ni auxil. zea vires, ARIZONA *Yuma 4/24-5/2 966 326 137 Mesa 4/24-5/2 86 19 39 50 30 ARKANSAS Hope 4/26-5/2 1 3 6 Morrilton 4/26-5/2 22 10 Kelso 4/26-5/2 5 4 5 CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp.Sta. 4/26-5/2 3 13 1 13 2 3 COLORADO New Liberty 4/27-5/4 4 10 5 Two Buttes 4/27-5/4 12 122 208 330 208 FLORIDA Quincy 4/30 a 3 4 1 INDIANA (Counties) Tippecanoe 4/27-30 9 2 Vanderburgh 4/25-30 73 il KANSAS Garden City 4/10-30 69 8 52 3 16 Hays 4/30 21 1 3 5 Manhattan 4/28-5/3 12 4 1 1 Mound Valley 4/23-27 18 2 Wathena 4/10-29 51 3 7 3 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 4/17-5/3 286 73 101 25 4 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 4/28-5/4 57 a 2 8 4 TEXAS Waco 4/28-5/4 2 9 27 52 82 24 21 WISCONSIN Mazomanie 4/23-30 25 i Middleton 4/26-5/3 29 4 1 Madison 4/27-5/3 39 14 Reedsville 4/24-30 8 3 | CAO * Three traps - Yuma; 2 traps - Stoneville. Additional Light Trap Collections BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA (4/24-5/2) CALIFORNIA (Shafter, 4726-572) - 15. - Yuma - 560; Mesa - 115. 4/26-5/2) - 10; (Hays, - 14. COLORADO BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - CALIFORNIA (Shafter, 4/30) - 8. (Two Buttes, 4/27-5/4) - 351. KANSAS (Garden City, 4/10-30) FORAGE LOOPER (Caenurgina erechtea) - SOUTH DAKOTA (Brookings, 5/3-4) - 22. ea 450 (3) SEPARATION OF TWO SPECIES OF SITOPHILUS (S. oryzae Pp) and S. zea-mais Mots.) Introduction: The Sitophilus oryzae complex has recently been clarified by G. Kuschel, 1/ This problem has been under discussion by various workers since 1855 when Motschulsky described S, zea-mais. Several different approaches have been used by workers in an attempt to separate the two species on external morphological structure, but Kuschel found that there were no external morpho- logical characters which could be used to separate the two species with complete certainty. However, he does state that 'with care and experience, clean speci- mens can almost always be recognised by differences in the puncturation of the pronotum and in the microsculpture."" Kuschel further states ''The easiest and for the moment the only absolutely certain character for their separation exists in the male genitalia."" (See below). Consequently, it would appear, that for the present, field separation of the two species would not be feasible. Distribution: S. oryzae is believed to be, at present, cosmopolitan. S. zea-mais seems to be as widely distributed as oryzae, but somewhat less common, Both species originated in the oriental region. Rose E. Warner, Federal taxonomist in the group, believes that S. oryzae is much more prevalent than S. zea-mais in the United States. Separation of Species: The two species can be separated as follows: Upper surface of aedeagus evenly convex, without two longitudinal impressions. Microsculpture of prothorax and elytra (with high magnification) more alutaceous, dorsal surface consequently rather duller. --- S. oryzae (L.). Upper surface of aedeagus flattened, with two distinct longitudinal impressions. Microsculpture of prothorax and elytra less alutaceous, dorsal surface consequently more shining. --- S. zea-mais Mots. —_ fm) 2. 4, Ke 3. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Sitophilus zea-mais Mots. 1. Aedeagus, dorsal view 3. Aedeagus, dorsal view 2, Aedeagus, transverse section 4, Aedeagus, transverse section 1/ Kuschel, G. 1961. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 13, 4(40) :241-244, Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Kansas Maryland Minnesota Missouri Nebraska SEY COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS James R. Buttram, Zoology- Entomology Department, Auburn University, Auburn Leon Moore, Room 408, State Office Bldg., 17th Avenue and West Adams. Mailing address: P.O. Box 6189, Phoenix W. P. Boyer, College of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Ronald M. Hawthorne, State Department of Agriculture, 1220 N Street, Sacramento \14 Leonard E. Jenkins, Department of Entomology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Modified Agreement Robert E. Woodruff, Division of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, Gainesville W. C. Johnson, Extension Service, University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, Athens Clarence E, White, Illinois Agricultural Extension Service, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana Leroy L. Peters, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Wallace C. Harding, Jr., Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Robert Flaskerd, Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Room 670, 6th Floor, State Office Building St. Paul 1 Ralph E. Munson, Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, 106 Whitten Hall, Columbia Paul W. Bergman, Extension Service, Agricultural College, Lincoln 3 Revised May 11, Nevada New Mexico North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Rhode Island South Dakota Texas Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 1962 Robert C. Bechtel, Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 1209, Reno Modified Agreement D. A. Mount, Department of Entomology, Box 5215, State College Station, Raleigh Richard Frye, Office of State Entomologist, State College Station, Fargo Vacancy Sidney E. Kunz, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Joseph Capizzi, Div. of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Building, Salem Modified Agreement Sherwin Hintz, Entomology-Zoology Depart-— ment, South Dakota State College, College Station W. H. Newton, Department of Entomology, Texas A & M College, College Station W. A. Tarpley, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg Marlin S. Conrad, Plant Industry Station, State Department of Agriculture, 448 West Washington Avenue, Madison 3 Dale G. Fullerton, Plant Science Division, University of Wyoming, Box 3354, University Station, Laramie 8 aiagh it aN Ie ai alas a bY FARCH ‘SERVIC AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesroi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 May 18, 1962 Number 20 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS GRASSHOPPER hatch noted in Nebraska and Wyoming. (p. 481). ALFALFA WEEVIL damaging to alfalfa in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. (pp. 481, 482, 502). PEA APHID very heavy on untreated alfalfa on Eastern Shore of Mary- land and on crimson clover in central and southern Alabama, but populations generally light in most areas of the country, with beneficial insects and disease being effective in holding populations in check in numerous areas. (p. 483). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing on alfalfa in South Dakota. GREENBUG heavy in southeastern South Dakota and found in Blue Earth, Faribault and Martin Counties, Minnesota. Adults of a CICADA (Okanagana sp.) extremely heavy in area of Yolo County, California. (p. 484). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG nymphs present on legumes in Wisconsin and several Eastern States. (p. 485). ARMYWORM infestations quite common in southeast and eastern Arkansas, with most of them economic. Continues to build up in southeast Missouri and small larvae observed in central and west central Missouri and southern Illinois. Infestation on oats in Crawford County, Georgia, moderate. EUROPEAN CORN BORER survival surveys in New Jersey and Iowa show winter mortality to be 65.4 and 15.9 percent, respectively. Adult emergence reported in Delaware and Maryland. (p. 486). ARMY CUTWORM continues to hold back growth of alfalfa in several panhandle areas of Nebraska and in Wayne County, Utah. Losses in latter State to alfalfa and small grains exceeded 500,000 dollars this spring. Larvae reported generally light in northwest part of Wyoming. (p. 487). WHEAT CURL MITE found on wheat in Huerfano County, Colorado; entire field showing symptoms of wheat streak mosaic. CODLING MOTH adults reported from several states across the Nation and RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER larvae present on apple trees in Indiana, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Kansas. (p. 488). PEACH TWIG BORER damage moderate to heavy on peaches at Wenatchee, Washington, and damage common in Weber and Davis Counties, Utah. BLACK CHERRY APHID damaging cherry trees in areas of Pennsylvania, Utah and Oregon. PLUM CURCULIO adults present in Delaware, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Oklahoma. (p. 489). THRIPS causing some damage to cotton in areas of Georgia, Texas, New Mexico and California. (p. 493). PERIODICAL CICADA adults emerged May 9 in Prince Edward and Appomattox Counties, Virginia. (p. 496). FACE FLY adults present on cattle in Indiana, Iowa and Missouri. HORN FLY light to medium on cattle in Virginia, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas, and relatively heavy in parts of Oklahoma, (p. 498) . BLACK FLIES a nuisance in Rhode Island, Maryland and Missouri. AMERICAN DOG TICK heavy and annoying in Rhode Island; adults common in southern and central Mary- land; and infestations annoying in Stillwater area of Oklahoma. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK very numerous in areas of Big Horn Basin and in Lincoln and Teton Counties, Wyoming; and LONE STAR TICK medium to heavy in parts of east central and southeast,Oklahoma. TICK populations appear somewhat more numerous in Wisconsin than in 1961. (p. 499). DETECTION A MINING SCALE (Pseudaonidia claviger) has been collected at St. Petersburg, Florida; first record for the continental United States. (p. 494). ASPARAGUS BEETLE recorded for first time in Nebraska. (p. 492). New county records reported were ALFALFA WEEVIL in Kearny, Rawlins and Decatur Counties, Kansas, and Dickenson County, Virginia (pp. 481-82); and POTATO STALK BORER in Irwin County, Georgia (p. 492). (continued on page 480) - 480 - CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES See page 502 for corrections and pages 502 and 503 for additional notes (Iowa, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina and Vermont). SPECIAL REPORTS Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States (A pasture scarab (Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister)). (pp. 505-506). Reports in this issue are for week ending May 11, unless otherwise indicated. FOI I IK I I ak AC I I ak ak ak WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-MAY TO MID-JUNE 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid=—May to mid-June calls for temperatures to continue to average above normal over most areas east of the Continental Divide except for near to below normal over the Northeast and in coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico. Below normal temperatures are indicated west of the Continental Divide. Precipitation is expected to be subnormal over most of the eastern half of the Nation except for near normal amounts along the Gulf Coast and also in the northern border states. Above normal rainfall is anticipated over much of the western half of the country except for subnormal amounts along the West Coast. Weather forecast given hereis based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super-= intendent of Documents, Washington 25,D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 14 A week of warm weather prevailed over the southern half of the Nation and up into the Great Plains where temperatures averaged 12° to 18° above normal. In western Kansas, 100° temperatures were reached for the first time this year on the llth and 12th, and the mercury at Wink, Texas, soared to 104° on the 10th, Eastern Colorado also experienced 100° heat and set many~record highs for so early in the season, and highs in the middle 90's were reported in South Dakota. Another area of high temperature averages was centered over Tennessee. Many record daily highs were set, with heat records at Birmingham, Alabama, having been equaled or exceeded on 6 of 7 days. Only the northeast quadrant and the Far West had signi- ficant negative departures. On the 8th, a record low for the date, 25°, was set at Burlington, Vermont, and on the 10th, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, cooled to 32° for the lowest ever so late in the season in the last 24 years. Freezing temperatures and significant precipitation were limited mainly to the northern half of the country as frontal systems kept the warm, dry air in the South, The Pacific Northwest was generally cloudy during the entire period, and northern Idaho had showers almost daily. Over much of Montana and North Dakota many stations reported totals. exceeding 1.00 inch. Thunderstorms in the Great Plains, many accompanied by hail and strong winds, moved eastward and became most intense in an area from Iowa to Ohio and West Virginia. In Iowa, Ames and Monte- zuma reported large hailstones, up to baseball size, at the latter site, and Allison recorded wind gusts to 80 m.p.h. During thunderstorm activity near Topeka, Kansas, the temperature was observed to rise from 79° to 90° in the early morning hours of Tuesday. Locally in Illinois, up to 5.00 inches of rain fell in 1 day, and near Scottsville, Virginia, thunderstorm winds blew roofs from several build- ings. Winter tried to make a showing in the Great Lakes area as up to 2 inches of snow fell in northern sections of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Some snow was also observed in sections of Pennsylvania, New York and Upper Michigan. (Summary sup- plied by U. S. Weather Baoan — 481 — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Grasshoppers hatching in many parts of State. Melanoplus spp., Aulocara elliotti and others hatching in great 1 mbers in San Juan County, the Moab area of Grand County, and in smaller numbers in Emery, Carbon, Salt Lake, Utah, Davis and Box Elder Counties. Trimerotropis and a few other range species winged, but rarely numerous. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Hatching in Platte County. Following species found: Amphitornus coloradus, Aulocara elliotti and Chordillacris occipitalis. (Fullerton). NEBRASKA - Heavy hatch observed on range near North Platte, Lincoln County, during week ending May 4. Nymphs of Melanoplus sanguinipes, Aeoloplides turnbulli and Amphitornus coloradus collected. Melanoplus confusus, mostly third and fourth instars, 30 per Square yard. (Pruess). KANSAS -— Nymphs of Melanoplus spp. and other grasshoppers quite numerous in some areas in western area. Growth ranged from first to third instar. Counts ranged from less than 1 to 3-5 per square yard in a few areas. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Rangeland counts of several species made in Beckham, Ellis and Major Counties, west central area, and Wood and Woodward Counties, northwest area, indicate that major hatch started. Counts range 1-8 per square yard (first instar). Dominant species Ageneotettix deorun, Aulocara elliotti and Amphitornus coloradus. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS — Nymphal populations none to light in Dallas, Tarrant, Denton, Wise, Montague and Cooke Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Stafford). MINNESOTA - Egg development in north- west district as follows: Melanoplus bivittatus coagulated to fully segmented, with 60 percent fully segmented; Camnula pellucida fully segmented; M. packardii coagulated to eye spot; M. sanguinipes, M. differentialis and M. femurrubrum coagulated. Egg predator populations considerably lower than in west central and southwest districts. Cool weather past week retarded egg development. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Melanoplus confusus first instars observed in Marquette and Columbia Counties on May 4, about 3 days earlier than in 1961. First instars of M. viridipes noted in Grant County and egg pods of M. femurrubrum in coagu- lated stage in Green County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MORMON CRICKETS - UTAH - Control by baiting underway on 6,000-acre area south of Kanosh, Millard County. (Thornley, Knowlton). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - First and second instars fairly abundant; few third instars also present. (Wheeler). RHODE ISLAND - Adults common in fields in Kingston; egg masses on 5 of 60 stalks examined. (Mathewson). PENNSYLVANIA - Counts in alfalfa as follows: Adults 1-2 per sweep in southeast (Menusan, May 5); adults 7 and larvae 100 plus per 10 sweeps in Huntingdon County (Udine, May 9); eggs hatching in south central area (Pepper); numerous eggs with few hatched, and some adults present in Snyder County (Gesell); and not yet appearing in Wyoming County (Gesell). NEW JERSEY - Activity increasing, larval populations should reach peak next week in southern counties. (Ins.—Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 8). DELAWARE - Heavy feeding injury to first-growth alfalfa in Many fields throughout State; larvae ranged 10-40 per sweep in these fields. Adults averaged 1-3 per sweep in most fields over State. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Larvae averaged over 25 per sweep on untreated alfalfa in Dorchester County. Activity and damage continues to increase on untreated alfalfa in all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Reported for first time-in Dickenson County. Most alfalfa fields checked in county heavily infested throughout. (Moore). Local, severe infestation on alfalfa in Dranesville area, Fairfax County. (Hall). Severely infesting untreated alfalfa in Henry, Patrick and Campbell Counties (Tarpley). Caused considerable damage throughout Lee County this year. (Lyle). GEORGIA —- Moderate infestation on Ladino clover in Polk County. (Stowe). KANSAS - Larvae and adults collected on alfalfa in Kearny and Hamilton Counties, south- west area, and Cheyenne, Rawlins and Decatur Counties, northwest area. Counts ranged 0-42 larvae per 100 sweeps in southwest area and 0-30 larvae and adults per 100 sweeps in northwest area. No damage observed. Recorded for first time in Kearny, Rawlins and Decatur Counties. (Peters). COLORADO - Larvae becoming more numerous; counts per 100 sweeps 10-30 in Arkansas River Valley, 15-30 in Montrose and Delta Counties and 10-20 in Weld and Larimer Counties. No damage - 482 - observed yet. (Bulla, Schweissing, Jenkins). UTAH - Larvae appeared in number of counties; more numerous in southern areas, Adults very abundant in field at Providence, Cache County; 3-11 per 10 sweeps. (Knowlton). Adults 4-27 and larvae 0-23 per 10 sweeps at Richmond, Cache County; population unusually high and injury commenced. (Knowlton, Haws). WYOMING - Adults averaged 1 per sweep in alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties. Larvae averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties. (Fullerton). IDAHO - Adults averaged 2-3 per sweep and actively mating in Moscow area. Egg laying commenced around May 1. Alfalfa approximately 6-8 inches high. (Manis). NEVADA - First instars present in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Arnett). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ILLINOIS —- Larvae rapidly maturing and many being killed by disease in southern area. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Larval counts in western area ranged O to 2-3 per crown, averaging less than 1 per crown, larvae appear to be about full grown and should pupate very soon. (Peters). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA —- Larvae infesting crimson clover in Greene County in association with H. nigrirostris; counts 2-3 per head. (Johnson). Also reported on crimson clover in Oconee County. (Curtis). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - PENNSYLVANIA — Few small larvae in clover in south central area; feeding noticed. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Adults active in red clover in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa ranged 0-10 (averaged 2.2) in east-southeast, 0-20 (averaged 6.7) in southwest and 0-120 (averaged 14.3) in southeast. Larvae on 50-100 (averaged about 87 percent) of red clover stems in southwest and south- east. In 2 red clover fields with 100 percent of stems infested, terminal buds 33 and 48 percent severely damaged or killed, respectively. (111. Ins. Rpt.). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - ILLINOIS - Adults ranged 0-60 and averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. @GiSinswRp ties SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - ILLINOIS - Adults ranged 0-100 and averaged 7 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State; first-— year sweetclover in mixtures with clovers showing up to 50 percent defoliation in some cases. (111. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 16 per 10 sweeps in sweetclover in Brookings County. (Mast). UTAH -— Active in San Juan, Grand, Emery and Carbon County areas. (Knowlton). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - MINNESOTA - Averaged 7.4 per 100 sweeps in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected from alfalfa in Brookings County; population 120 per 100 sweeps. (Hintz). VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Ranged 1-4 per 10 sweeps in Delta County vetch; vetch not quite ready for controls. (Turney). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - DELAWARE - First adults of season present on young corn in western Kent County; feeding injury rather common on most plants. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Adults light on young field corn in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. Heavy on young sweet corn locally in Carolina County; also on garden sweet corn in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Light on small corn in southwest and west central areas; highest count averaged less than 1 per plant. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). OKLAHOMA - Light and scattered, fewer than 1 per plant, on corn throughout east central and southeast areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - NEVADA - Very light in young grain in Las Vegas and Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). - 483 - BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - NEBRASKA - Adults averaged 3 per sweep in east and northeast area legumes; as high as 10 per sweep in alfalfa in Saunders County. (Bergman). A BLISTER BEETLE (Lytta cyanipennis) - WASHINGTON - Infesting a lawn near Othello, Adams County. (Waud, Brannon). WIREWORMS (Limonius spp.) - WYOMING - Averaged 1 per square yard in grain fields in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties. Very light infestations found in each county. (Fullerton). WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - MISSOURI - Counts in an area in southeast on some overflow land averaged 3-4 grubs per square foot. (French). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OREGON - Populations generally below normal jin Willamette Valley and in Jackson County; counts less than 3 per sweep common, (Capizzi). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on seed alfalfa in Huron, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Infestations greatly reduced; averaged 0-6 per sweep in Las Vegas, Moapa Valley and Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). IDAHO - Counts 1-10 per sweep in alfalfa in Lewiston Orchards and Lapwai-Culdesac areas, Nez Perce County. (Kambitsch). WYOMING - Averaged 35 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Present throughout State; occasionally numerous, but serious damage uncommon, (Knowlton). COLORADO - Light on alfalfa; counts 10-40 per 100 sweeps in Otero, Prowers, Bent, Crowley, Weld and Larimer Counties. (Schweissing, Jenkins). NEW MEXICO - Populations unchanged throughout State. Beneficials, such as lady beetles, damsel bugs and flower flies, playing important part in keeping populations low. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light to moderate infesta- tions requiring controls are widespread over Delta and Rockwall Counties. (Turney, Irvin). OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa, 20-750 per 10 sweeps, in east central area, Counts in Choctaw County area, southeast, ranged 80-700 per 10 sweeps, with 750-900 per 10 sweeps observed in Tillman County, southwest. Light in Payne County area, north central section. Heavy on red clover in Delaware County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Counts on alfalfa in Lonoke County, east central area, relatively low, less than 200 per 100 sweeps. Disease very effective in checking aphid populations. (Ark, Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Light in alfalfa and clover throughout State. Counts very low, 3-10 per sweep, and beneficial insect counts high. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). KANSAS - Counts in alfalfa in west central and northwest areas ranged 1,000-2,500 per 100 sweeps. If dry conditions con- tinue, no pea aphid problem will develop. (Peters). NEBRASKA - Less than 1 per sweep in alfalfa at North Platte, Lincoln County. (Pruess). Ranged 10-50 per sweep in alfalfa in east and northeast areas, (Bergman). MINNESOTA - Popula- tions in alfalfa quite low in south central district; counts 0-80 per 100 sweeps; very few nymphs observed. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Increasing steadily in alfalfa throughout southern and western portions of State. No winged forms noted. Counts average 13 per 10 sweeps in southwestern and west central alfalfa; a 10-fold increase over previous week, Parasites, predators and disease common in most fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Counts per sweep in alfalfa and clover were as follows: East, 6-15 (average 11); west-southwest, 10-20 (average 14); east-southeast, 0.5-18 (average 7); southwest, 0.8-115 (average 47); and southeast, 0.3-32 (average 9). Disease beginning to kill some aphids (0-5 per- cent) and hymenopterous parasites plentiful in some fields. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Appearing in alfalfa in Kingston; many containing hymenopterous parasites. (Mathewson). DELAWARE - Ranged 7-60 per sweep in 15 alfalfa fields in New Castle County; slight injury noticeable in 1 or 2 fields. Many fields in Kent and Sussex Counties averaged 200-300 per sweep, with heavy injury. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Very heavy on untreated alfalfa on Eastern Shore; averaged over 1,000 per sweep in Dorchester County. A fungus disease beginning to kill aphids in southern sections. Averaged over 100 per sweep and increasing on alfalfa in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Extremely heavy populations of this species, along with other aphids, noted on crimson clover throughout central and southern areas, Aphid populations generally heavier than in any previous year. (Buttram). - 484 - ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MARYLAND - Ranged 2-10 per sweep on small grains in Talbot County; predators active. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 60-140 and averaged 85 per 100 sweeps in southwest district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Winged forms and nymphs found in rye fields; averaged 2 per 100 sweeps in western area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Increased to 74 per 100 sweeps in Gregory County; also found in Charles Mix County. (Walstrom). OKLAHOMA - Light, 150 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa in Tillman County, southwest area. Counts 0-40 per 10 sweeps in Choctaw County, southeast area. Light, scattered populations, fewer than 50 per 10 sweeps, in fields in east central area (mostly winged forms). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Not observed in Arkansas River Valley. (Schweissing). UTAH - Present, but rare, at Blanding, San Juan County, and not numerous at Moab, Grand County. Not found over most of State to May 9. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Generally light to moderate infestations in Chaves and Eddy Counties on alfalfa, with an occasional heavy infestation requiring treatment. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Populations very low; heaviest counts 2-3 per sweep in southern Clark County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). OREGON - Not collected this season in Jackson County. (Capizzi, May 10). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-80 (averaged 28) per 100 sweeps in red clover in southwest and 0-70 (averaged 25) in southeast. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Moderately infesting white clover at Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County, on April 12. (Hayslip). SWEETCLOVER APHID (Therioaphis riehmi) - ILLINOIS - Populations 0 and 200 per 100 sweeps, respectively, in 2 southeast district sweetclover fields. (111. Ins. Rpts). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - MINNESOTA — Found in Blue Earth, Faribault and Martin Counties. Small numbers collected in ditch banks and field margins on blue grass and volunteer oats and wheat. None found in small grain fields. Small grains just emerging. Mostly winged forms; few nymphs present. Close observation of small grain fields for next few weeks recommended, (Minn. Ins. Rpt.) SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy populations found in southeastern area. Barley plots at Centerville Experimental Farm, Clay County, averaged 5 per plant with 90 percent of plants infested, Small numbers found on winter wheat in Brookings area, Brookings County. (Orlob, Peterson). NEBRASKA - Ranged 3-20 and averaged 10 per sweep in wheat in eastern area, and averaged 2 per sweep on oats in northeast. (Bergman). KANSAS - Counts in wheat in west central and northwest areas averaged less than 5 per foot of row. Highest counts noted were less than 25 per foot of row. Wheat all jointed; some heading out. Unless counts get considerably higher, no greenbug problem anticipated. (Peters). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Heavy, damaging population found on 30 acres of grain sorghum in Johnson County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Only occasional winged individuals,fewer than 1 per plant, observed on young corn plants throughout east central area. Heavy on volunteer sorghum and barley in Wagoner County, but none found in corn in nearby areas. Light, 5 per plant, on corn in Pushmataha and Choctaw Counties, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN APHID (Hyalopteroides dactylidis) - WASHINGTON —- Causing "burned tips" on orchardgrass at Friday Harbor, San Juan County. (Baker). APHIDS - GEORGIA -— Heavy infestations present on field peas in Tattnall, Wayne, Ware and Cook Counties. (Smith, Johnson). A CICADA (Okanagana sp.) - CALIFORNIA — Extremely heavy adult populations now emerging in Yolo Bypass area (spreading grounds for the Sacramento River flood- waters), Bryte, Yolo County. This area has been flooded during early spring; nymphs apparently not affected. As many as 12 emergence holes per 6-inch square noted. Observations in past 7 years have not indicated a population of adults present. This is primarily native grasses and brush cover. (C. Maddock, Water Resources). - 485 - TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - PENNSYLVANIA - General and quite abundant in legumes. (Pepper). ILLINOIS - Adults ranged 0-110 and averaged 24 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State; nymphs ranged 0-20 and averaged 1.7 per 100 sweeps in southwest. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Averaged 4 per 100 sweeps in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Adults averaged 8 per sweep in alfalfa in east and northeast areas. (Bergman). OKLAHOMA - Populations 20-30 per 10 sweeps common throughout southeast and east central areas; both nymphs and adults present in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Becoming more plentiful throughout southern counties. Averaged 1-3 per sweep in alfalfa in Otero County, 20-45 per 100 sweeps in Chaves and Eddy Counties and 30-40 per 100 sweeps in Dona Ana County alfalfa and barley fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Counts 10-30 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Otero, Montrose, Mesa and Delta Counties. (Schweissing, Bulla). WYOMING -— Adults per 100 sweeps in alfalfa averaged 20 in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties and 10 in Lincoln and Teton Counties. Nymphs averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in Big Horn and Washakie Counties; none found in Park, Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). NEVADA - Averaged 5-8 per sweep in most alfalfa fields in southern Clark County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). UTAH —- Eighty percent L. elisus, numerous on mustards and in some alfalfa fields at Blanding, San Juan County; Mapleton-Orem area, Utah County; Moab, Grand County; and Green River area, Emery County. (Knowlton). RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - DELAWARE - First nymphs of season present on alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis). ILLINOIS - Nymphs ranged 0-140 and averaged 14 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs ranged 0-120 and averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State, Gai ins. Rpt). A MIRID (Labops hesperus) — SOUTH DAKOTA - Localized, very heavy populations, averaging 6 to one square inch, in soil at base of wheat plants in Stanley County. Also reported in Custer County. (Hintz, Mast). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MASSACHUSETTS - First spittle masses being found in crowns of alfalfa. (Wheeler). NEW JERSEY - Newly hatched nymphs noted on alfalfa and clover. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 8). PENNSYLVANIA - Relatively low in legumes in southeast, May 5 (Menusan), and very abundant in untreated fields in south central area (Pepper). MARYLAND - Nymphal populations increasing on red clover in western counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Nymphs present in alfalfa throughout State. (Burbutis). WISCONSIN - Hatched in alfalfa in southern and western part of State; counts less than 1 per 10 stems. Populations appear lower than in 1961. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MINNESOTA —- Averaged 2.4 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Females swept from grain and alfalfa in Crawford, La Crosse, Trempealeau, Kenosha and Portage Counties to date; counts generally low (averaged 3.5 per 200 sweeps). (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present in wheat in Stanley County; counts 20-140 per 100 sweeps. (Mast, Hintz). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa ranged 0-140 and averaged 60 in west-southwest, O-50 and averaged 22.2 in east-southeast, 0-70 and averaged 37.5 in southwest and 0-60 and averaged 17.1 in southeast. (111. Ins. Rpt.). A LEAFHOPPER (Agallia lingula) - FLORIDA - Collected on grass at Hialeah, Dade County, on July 15, 1961, by C. E. Stegmaier, Jr. These are firt specimens for Florida State Collection of Arthropods. (Fla. Coop. Sur.) - 486 - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Spring survival survey completed; 97 fields in 12 counties inspected. Mortality of larvae during winter of 1961-62 highest of any year that survey has been conducted. Average percent mortality of overwintering larvae by years as follows: 1954 — 20.2; 1955 — 43.7; 1956 - 42.1; 1957 - 56.7; 1958 -— 27.1; 1959 —- 32.4; 1960 - 55.3; 1961 - 63.0; 1962 - 65.4. As in most past years, bird feeding was major factor in killing of larvae during winter months. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 8). DELAWARE - First adults of season emerged May 9 and 10 from cages in Newark. (Bray). MARYLAND - Emergence of moths underway on Eastern Shore; 30 percent complete at Mardella, Wicomico County, on May 8. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Pupation 4 percent at Urbana. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - No development of overwintering larvae noted in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA —- Annual spring sur- vival survey conducted at random in 45 oat fields in 5 sections of State, plus 32 oat fields in Boone County. Percent survival 82 in southwest, 82 in north- west, 76 in central, 88 in northeast and 89 in southeast. Total of 106 live borers found from grand total of 126. Percent survival for State 84.1. Average number of live borers per square yard 0.47 compared with 0.42 in 1961. Number of borers per acre of oat ground 2,275 compared with 2,033 in 1961. First pupae found in Boone County May 12. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). Armyworm Infestations Reported Week Ending May 11 = ~—— or = N i na al ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) —- ARKANSAS - Infestations quite common in small grain fields in southeast and eastern areas; 85-90 percent of fields infested with varying numbers of larvae. Larval counts average 1-15 per square foot in infested fields. Second to fourth instars predominant. Infestations in majority of fields economic. About one-third of fields treated to May 12. (Ark. Ins. Sur.) MISSOURI - Continue to build up in barley and wheat in south- east area. Some leaf feeding observed. Larvae ranged from newly hatched to third instar. Counts per square foot ranged 3-23 in barley and 0-11 in wheat. (French). Small larvae observed in barley and fescue in central and west central areas. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA - Half-grown larva found in Plymouth County May 8. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ILLINOIS - Small larvae observed in grass throughout southern area; ranged 0-50 and averaged 12.5 per 100 sweeps in wheat in southwest. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Surveys in small grains in Talbot, Worcester and Wicomico Counties on May 8 negative. (U. Md., Ent. Depiti.)s GEORGIA - Moderate infestation on oats in Crawford County. (Dick). - 487 =- YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE - First adults of season noted at lights in New Castle County May 7. (Burbutis). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - WYOMING - Adults numerous in alfalfa in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties. (Fullerton). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ILLINOIS - First larvae of season noted in southern area May 9. (111. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- Counts light to medium, 1-10 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa in Choctaw County, southeast area; 1-2 per 10 sweeps in Sequoyah County, east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS -—- Moderate numbers in vetch in Rockwall County; infestation increasing. (Irvin). OKLAHOMA —- Light (1 per 10 sweeps) , scattered populations on alfalfa in Choctaw County, southeast area. Only occa- sional larva noted in Muskogee County, east central area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha interstinctana) - ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-20 and averaged 4 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. Gahietins. Rpit.)). A CLOVER BUD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha conversana) - IDAHO — Adults noted in Moscow area. (Futten, Portman). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARKANSAS - Third and fourth instars on crimson clover in Lafayette, Hempstead and Little River Counties, southwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Medium, 30 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfafield in Choctaw County, southeast area. None found in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - UTAH - Holding back nearly all alfalfa growth in Wayne County; larvae still actively feeding in this area. (Knowlton, Hall). Caused damage exceeding 500,000 dollars to alfalfa and small grains and range this spring. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Larvae light in alfalfa in Lincoln, Teton, Big Horn and Washakie Counties; averaged less than 1 per square foot. One infestation found in Shell Canyon damaged 100 acres of alfalfa; counts 6 per square foot. (Fullerton). NEBRASKA — Continues to hold back growth of alfalfa in several panhandle areas; some small grain treated. (Pruess). CALIFORNIA -— Light populations in alfalfa in Yreka area, Siskiyou County. (all Coop. Rpt). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) — CALIFORNIA — Larvae heavy in alfalfa in Escondido, San Diego County. Several local areas now experiencing infestations in various locations, particularly in southern area of State. In some locations, a predaceous ground beetle (Calosoma sp.) active and reducing infestations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MISSOURI -— Continues light in alfalfa in southeast; counts 0 to 3-4 per square foot. (French). Small larvae noted in alfalfa in central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). CUTWORMS — SOUTH DAKOTA - Agrotis orthogonia reported causing damage in weedy, seedling alfalfa in Lyman County. (CAS MISSOURI - Larvae of Nephelodes emmedonia damaging spots in bluegrass lawns in northwest. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). TEXAS -— Light infestations of unspecified species in Rockwall County showing signs of building up. (Irvin). FLORIDA - Feltia subterranea infesting St. Augustine grass at Hialeah, Dade County, on April 25. (Stegmaier). A CECIDOMYIID (undetermined) - TEXAS - Approximately 5 percent of wheat stalks in local area of Wilbarger County infested; larvae being found between leaf sheath and stem above last node. No apparent damage. Wheat in soft-—dough stage. (Lehmberg). A CRANE FLY (Tipula sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations in alfalfa in Yreka area, Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 488 - A SAWFLY (Dolerus sp.) - ILLINOIS - Larvae per 100 sweeps ranged 0-90 in grass and 0-10 in wheat in southern half of State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA -— Heavy on seed alfalfa in Huron, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). “THRIPS (undetermined) - ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-60 and averaged 40 per 100 sweeps in wheat in southwest. (111. Ins. Rpt.). GEORGIA - Light on peanuts in Berrien, Cook, Tift, Irwin and Ben Hill Counties. (Johnson). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) -— UTAH - Light in San Juan, Tooele and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Trace numbers in northwest Weld County on wheat. Spotty in Otero County; counts 10-20 per linear foot of drill row. (Jenkins, Schweissing). NEBRASKA — Spotted infestations occurring in Cheyenne County wheat. (Liljegren). SOUTH DAKOTA - This species and Penthaleus major ranged 10-45 per leaf on winter wheat in Stanley County, May 7; however, rain on following morning and survey on same morning showed greatly reduced popula- tions. (Hintz, Mast). WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - COLORADO - Found on wheat in Huerfano County. Entire field showing symptoms of wheat streak mosaic. Symptoms noted in a few fields in Weld County. (Blase, Hantsbarger, Jenkins). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - COLORADO - Found in Otero County on barley; 14-20 per foot of drill row. (Schweissing). SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Undetermined species heavily infesting red clover in Washington County May 3. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FRUIT INSECTS CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa omonella) - DELAWARE —- Adult emergence began in cages in Kent County May 8. (MacCreary). MARYLAND - Pupation now occurring at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Three adults emerged from rearing cage on apple tree at Vincennes, Knox County, May 7. This is first emergence of season. (Hamilton). KANSAS - Adults started emergence in cages May 6 in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh). COLORADO - First taken in Mesa County May 4; heavy flights May 5-6. (Bulla). UTAH - First adults taken in bait traps at Bountiful, Davis County, May 8, and in blacklight traps at Logan, Cache County, May 9. (Knowlton, Davis). OREGON - First adult emergence observed May 5 in Med- ford area, Jackson County; first eggs tagged May 9. (Berry). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) -— NEW JERSEY - Egg deposition heavy in some apple orchards, (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Egg laying started on apples in Erie County, May 3, and continued on cherries in northeast area until May 6 when cold weather occurred. Eggs present but not heavy in Lancaster County; all hatched in south central area, (Cox, Pepper). MARYLAND — Eggs and larvae found in abandoned apple orchard at Hancock, Wash- ington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Approximately 70 percent of first-brood eggs now hatched in Terre Haute area, Vigo County; 1-5 day-old larvae present in area. (Hamilton, May 8). KANSAS - Egg masses hatching by May 5 in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) —- INDIANA - Bait trap captures of adults continued high May 4-7 in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Hamilton). KANSAS -— Adults emerged in cages May 6 in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - MARYLAND - Appears more abundant in orchards in Hancock area, Washington County, than in previous few years. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 489 - PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - WASHINGTON - Moderate to heavy damage to peaches at Wenatchee, Chelan County; especially heavy on untreated trees. (Anthon). UTAH -—- Damage common in Weber and Davis Counties. (Knowlton, Burningham) . COLORADO - Taken in light trap in Mesa County May 6. (Bulla). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MARYLAND - Larvae feeding on foliage in apple orchard west of Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) - VERMONT - Activity observed May 8. (MacCollom) . PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) — OKLAHOMA - Caused considerable damage to native plums in areas of Wagoner County; no damage observed in peach orchard in same area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). INDIANA - In Vincennes area, Knox County, 15 adults jarred from one apple tree in untreated orchard May 7; few adults jarred from well treated peach orchards on same date. (Hamilton). PENNSYLVANIA - First injury noted May 10 in Cumberland County on plum, (Pepper). DELAWARE - First feeding scars on apples noted May 8 in Sussex County. (MacCreary). A LEAF BEETLE (Syneta albida) - OREGON - Caused light damage to cherry fruit and foliage in orchards in Yamhill and Polk Counties during early May. (Stephenson). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - NEW JERSEY - Found in 2 apple orchards in Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA — No alates appeared on apple in southeastern orchards. (Pepper). Some entering leaves in Huntingdon County. (Udine). MARYLAND - Light numbers of clusters observed in apple orchards in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COLORADO —- Light to moderate in Montrose County. (Bulla). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - OREGON - Severe infestation near Sheridan, Yamhill County, in early May. (Stephenson). CONNECTICUT - Scarce, even on check trees. (Savos). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - PENNSYLVANIA - Winged forms migrated to southeastern area apple orchards. (Pepper). BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - OREGON - Abundant in untreated cherry orchards and dooryard plantings in Medford area, Jackson County. (Capizzi). Observed in Polk and Marion Counties in cherry orchards. (Stephenson). UTAH - Curling leaves at Blanding, San Juan County; Ferrin-Huntington area, Emery County; Provo area, Utah County, and north through Box Elder County. (Knowlton) .- PENNSYLVANIA - Infes-— tations light but causing some leafcurl to sweet cherries in Erie County and northeastern area. (Adams). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) -—- COLORADO - Colonies moderate to heavy on peach in Mesa County; 20-30 colonies per tree. (Bulla). MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) - NEVADA - Heavy on apricot in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Zoller). APHIDS -— OKLAHOMA —- Heavy populations on native plum in Le Flore County; also reported on fruit trees in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - INDIANA - Peak of activity passed and is now light in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Hamilton, May 8). STINK BUGS - INDIANA —- Continue active on peaches in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Hamilton, May 8). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - First spring generation now in fourth and fifth instars; pre-bloom treatment only moderately effective, retreatment required in many orchards in Chelan County. (Burts). - 490 - A GALL MIDGE (Dasyneura ri) - OREGON - Abundant in pear plantings May 7 in Polk and Yamhill Counties. (Stephenson). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - INDIANA - Hatched forms averaged 1.5 per leaf in one orchard sampled May 7 at Vincennes, Knox County. (Hamilton). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching completed in south central area on apple. (Pepper). Most hatched in Huntingdon County, May 9, and 75 percent hatched May 10 in Erie County. (Udine, Adams). CONNECTICUT - Hatching completed in Litchfield area, Litchfield County. (Savos). VERMONT - Hatching begun. (MacCollom). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to appear on apple in Cumberland County. (Pepper). COLORADO - Populations heavy in peach and apple orchards in Mesa County. (Bulla). OREGON - Present in small numbers in Jackson County in pear orchards, particularly in tree tops close to main trunk, (Capizzi). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Infestations in Wharton County erratic due in part to very light and scattered nut crop. (Whitley). ALABAMA - Caused very light damage locally; moderate to heavy infestations in Baldwin and Mobile Counties. (Buttram). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) -— ALABAMA - Very light damage locally; moderate to heavy infestations in Baldwin and Mobile Counties. (Buttram). BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - Increasing in Mobile County. (Buttram). BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - NEW MEXICO - Populations building up on pecan foliage in Mesilla Valley; honeydew very evident on foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). APHIDS (Myzocallis spp.) - NEW MEXICO - M. caryaefoliae populations building up on pecan in Mesilla Valley; honeydew very evident on foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Populations of M. coryli spotty in filbert orchards in Willamette Valley; unfavorable weather apparently holding development. (Stephenson). SPITTLEBUGS - GEORGIA — Moderate infestations of unspecified species on pecan trees in Ware County. (Boland, Johnson). SAWFLIES - TEXAS - Larvae of unspecified species caused light, widespread ragging of pecan trees in Ellis County. (Turney). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on orange tree seedlings; also damaged trunks of trees under tree protectors in Rancho Santa Fe and noted on native grasses in El Cajon, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CUTWORMS —- MISSOURI —- Agrotis ipsilon, Feltia subgothica and Peridroma saucia damaged a variety of plants in gardens throughout State. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). WISCONSIN - Adults of A. ipsilon have been collected in blacklight traps at Madison and Middleton since April 26; several undetermined species present in gardens, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE — Common in most areas on beans and tomatoes in Sussex County. (Burbutis). ALABAMA — Appears number one pest of sweetpotatoes presently; heavy infestation in Baldwin County. (Buttram). FLEA BEETLES - PENNSYLVANIA — Unspecified species very abundant on various crops in State. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Epitrix spp. abundant on untreated potatoes in - 491 - Dorchester County and infesting newly set tomato plants in Montgomery and Somerset Counties. Phyllotreta spp. abundant on radishes, turnip greens and newly set cabbage plants in Wicomico and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First adults of season of Phyllotreta cruciferae common on young cabbage in western Kent County. (Burbutis). WIREWORMS - NEBRASKA — Unidentified species abundant in many gardens and causing damage to strawberries in North Platte, Lincoln County. (Pruess). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA -'Infesting 10-20 percent of plants in a Carteret County cabbagefield. (Jones, Williams). COLORADO - Colonies present on Lycium sp. in Weld County; ranged 10-20 per 100 net sweeps at Fort Lupton, Weld County. (Jenkins). CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations occurring on melon vines in Modesto, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) —- CALIFORNIA - Light, larval popu- lations occurring on volunteer potato plants in Edison, Kern County. (Cal..Coop. Rpt.). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - DELAWARE - Alates and nymphs present on potatoes in New Castle County; first of season. (Burbutis) . POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults number 10-30 per 100 net sweeps on Lycium sp. in Weld County; no eggs or nymphs found. Adults number 30-40 per 100 net sweeps, eggs 7-9 per leaf and nymphs 3-4 per leaf in Otero County. (Schweissing, Jenkins). GRASSHOPPERS —- NEW MEXICO —- Damaged seedling tomatoes near Deming, Luna County; bait controls being used. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MARYLAND - First adults and eggs of season observed May 8 in large numbers on commercial potato acreage in Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -— OKLAHOMA —- Local infestations on melons in Jefferson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - MARYLAND - Abundant on 5 acres of newly emerged cucumber plants at Vienna, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NORTH CAROLINA — Light in field of cabbage in Carteret County. (Jones, Williams). GEORGIA - Heavy on cabbage in Ware County. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Only occasional larva noted on cabbage checked in Bixby area, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE —- First small larvae found on young cabbage in Kent County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Eggs abundant on newly set cabbage in Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - UTAH - Extremely abundant on native mustards in Mapleton-Spanish Fork area, Utah County. (Knowlton). CABBAGE CURCULIO (Ceutorhynchus rapae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae heavily infested stems of mustard at Boiling Springs, Cumberland County. (Negley, May 4). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - OKLAHOMA — Ranged 5-15 per leaf (averaged 6-8) on turnip in Bixby area, Tulsa County; none observed on mustards in Le Flore County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - MASSACHUSETTS - First eggs of season reported May 6 (Wheeler); present in Waltham, Concord and Andover. (Whitcomb) . VERMONT - Egg laying can be expected with occurrence of warm weather. (MacCollom). eS BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA -— Continues as number one pest on beans and peas in Mobile County. (Seibels). MISSOURI - Observed feeding on garden beans, watermelon and cantaloup in southeastern area. (French). MARYLAND - Adults common and injurious to young beans in Somerset and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults and feeding injury fairly common in large field of beans in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA —- Caused heavy damage to beans in Sumter County. (Cranberry). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Increased on peas in Sussex County; counts averaged 9-10 per sweep. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Populations averaged 41 per sweep on large commercial pea acreage near Trappe, Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Survey in suspected breeding areas of Shell Canyon and Washakie County negative. (Fullerton). THRIPS - NEW JERSEY - Adults ranged 4-5 per onion plant in one field. (Ins.- Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - RHODE ISLAND - Has not appeared in State this season. (Mathewson, King, Hannah, Cartier). NEBRASKA - Present on asparagus in Lincoln, Lancaster County, May 9; this is a new record for the State. (Jones, Staples). TULIP BULB APHID (Anuraphis tulipae) - CALIFORNIA — Medium populations occurred on carrots for seed in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) -— OREGON - Infestations light on straw- berries in central Willamette Valley in early May. (Stephenson). MITES - NEW JERSEY — Serious problem in some areas on strawberries. (Ins.-Dis.- Weed Newsltr.). TOBACCO INSECTS TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested 50 percent of tobacco plants in 3 fields in Wilson County; infestation ranged 5-30 percent in 3 other fields. Less than 10 percent of wireworms collected were C. lividus. A 20-90 percent infestation of C. vespertinus found in 2 tobacco fields in Martin County; latter field will be entirely replanted. Infestations of 80-90 percent by C. vespertinus also noted in 3 fields in Edgecombe County. Many individual plants being replaced in these counties because of injury, and entire portions of fields being replanted. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Guthrie, Mount). SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported damaging tobacco plants in Pender and Pamlico Counties. However, number of determined specimens quite small in both counties. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Honeycutt, Stovall). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on tobacco in Bullock, Tattnall, Wayne, Ware, Atkinson, Tift, Cook, Berrien and Irwin Counties. (Johnson). POTATO STALK BORER (Trichobaris trinotata) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Irwin County; this is a new county record. (Girardeau). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) — GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Bullock, Tattnall, Wayne, Ware, Atkinson, Tift, Cook, Berrien and Irwin Counties. (Johnson) . - 493 - A STINK BUG - GEORGIA - An undetermined species caused light damage to tobacco in Tattnall County; field had been treated and no specimens were found. (Johnson). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Weather has not been favorable for activity in McLennan and Falls Counties. Weevils found at rate of 10 per acre in 33 fields inspected; ranged 0-250 per acre. This compares with 3 per acre in 43 fields during corresponding week of 1961. Two weevils were collected on flight screens. (Cowan, Davis). Occasional weevil reported from Nueces and Fort Bend Counties and lower Rio Grande Valley. No controls yet required in any area. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - First adults emerged April 30 in experimental cages located at New Mexico State University, State College, Dona Ana County; 2 additional moths recovered May 4. (N. M. Coop. Rpt ye BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - GEORGIA - An occasional egg found in one field of cotton in Irwin County; these are first eggs found this season. (Johnson). A CLIMBING CUTWORM —- TEXAS — An unspecified species causing severe damage to some scattered fields in eastern Willacy County. (Deer). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Infestations were as follows: None in 12 fields, light in 20 fields and medium in one field, in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan, Davis). Generally light over wide areas of State; occasional field with moderate infestation present, especially in coastal bend area where controls have been common. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). AN APHID (Aphis sp.) - CALIFORNIA — Medium on cotton in Huron, Fresno County. (Cali Coopmikpt.) < COTTON LEAFHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Few adults found in 4 of 33 fields inspected in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan, Davis). Generally very light, with less than one percent infestation in most areas; fields with 12-21 percent infestation found in Fort Bend County, however. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS - GEORGIA - Unspecified species light to moderate on cotton in Warren, Jefferson, Burke, Jenkins, Screven, Bulloch, Tattnall, Wayne, Tift, Cook, Berrien, Irwin, Pulaski and Bleckley Counties. (Johnson). TEXAS - Infestations of unspeci- fied species increased in Falls and McLennan Counties; some fields showing damage and general injurious populations expected over area. Inspection of fields just up to a stand showed adults continuing to migrate into cotton. Infestations were as follows: Heavy in 11, medium in 9 and light in 13 fields. (Cowan, Davis). Infestations of several species generally light over most cotton areas; moderate infestations reported from Fort Bend and Wharton Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Light to relatively heavy damage on cotton foliage evident in several fields checked in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA — Franklin- iella sp. infestations declining rapidly on seedling cotton, but previous damage heavy in some fields in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). CALIFOR- NIA - Frankliniella occidentalis medium on cotton in Huron, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Generally very light in State; few scattered, heavy infes-— tations reported in Cameron County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA — Petrobia latens generally medium in cotton in Murray area, King County; Tetranychus atlanticus building up to medium populations generally in cotton in Kern, Kings and Fresno Counties. Early mite populations probably resulted from unusually favorable conditions in 1961, (T. Leigh, C. Jackson). - 494 - FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS A MINING SCALE (Pseudaonidia claviger) - FLORIDA - Collected at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County, on various dates from April 9 to May 7, 1962, on the following hosts: Camellia spp., C. japonica, C. sasanqua, Gardenia sp., Jasminum sambac, Ligustrum sp., Osmanthus sp., Pyracantha sp., Quercus sp. (seedling) , Rhododendron sp., and Viburnum sp. Collectors included C. E. Bingaman, G. W. Dekle, P. E. Frierson, L. B. Hill, E. W. Miller and G. M. Whitton, Jr. This is the first record of this species for the continental United States. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - MINNESOTA - Some 3,600 acres of jack pine near Willow River, Pine County, scheduled for aerial treatment in late May or early June for control of infestation. Pest completely defoliated about 1,000 acres of jack pine in area during 1961. Much of area was salvage cut during past fall and winter. Present control project aimed at protecting jack pine surrounding defoliated area. Observation in area indicated some feeding by overwintering third instars; feeding light due to low temperatures. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults common on white pine in Washington County. (Mathewson, Moorhouse). A BARK BEETLE (Pseudohylesinus sp., probably nebulosus) - IDAHO - Infesting bark of felled Douglas-fir May 1 at Bogus Basin Ski Area, north of Boise, Ada County; this is first seasonal activity. Flight continuing and parents still mining through outer bark; have not begun constructing egg galleries. (Manis). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - RHODE ISLAND - Eggs noted in south Kingstown, Washington County, May 1. (Mathewson). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - DELAWARE - Heavy on several spruce trees in one area of New Castle County. (Burbutis). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - RHODE ISLAND - Small tents evident; extremely scarce in Washington County; more numerous, but not heavy, in northern areas. Areas of heavier infestation may appear later. (Matheswon, May 5). Late tents show infestation in Washington County to be heavier than previously indicated. (Mathewson) . PENNSYLVANIA - None noted in wooded areas in Franklin County, May 4. (Balsbaugh). VIRGINIA - Tents conspicuous on wild cherry and other hosts in Floyd, Patrick, Henry and Albemarle Counties. (Tarpley). ILLINOIS - Although widespread in southern half of State, not as abundant as during past 2 or 3 years. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - TEXAS - Continues a widespread problem on live and post oaks; large acreages defoliated in Coryell, Mills, Hamilton, Lampasas, Williamson and Bosque Counties. (Garner). COLORADO - Appearing on native shrubs in foothills of western Larimer County and on plun, crabapple and mountain ash in Denver. (Chambers, Marshall Nursery, Lawson). UTAH - Infestation generally light in northern portion of State. (Knowlton). TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - WYOMING - Malacosoma sp. invading trees in Worland, Powell and Basin areas of Washakie, Park and Big Horn Counties, respectively. (Fullerton). KANSAS - Webbing evident in wild plums in Riley, Marshall and Washington Counties. (Parker). HICKORY TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota caryae) - WISCONSIN - First adult of season caught in blacklight trap at Madison, Dane County, May 5. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - First hatch noted May 2 in Richmond Township, Washington County. (Cartier). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - First egg hatch and larval feeding of season has begun on elms in Stillwater (north central) and - 495 - Wagoner (east central) areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Eggs present in Reno- Sparks area, Washoe County. (Arnett). LEAF BEETLES - IDAHO - Adults of Disonycha latifrons and Altica bimarginata abundant on willows bordering American Falls Reservoir, Power County. (Schow, Manis). PENNSYLVANIA - Chrysomela interrupta very numerous and laying eggs on willow in Huntingdon County, May 5. (Pepper). A CERAMBYCID (Calligrapha multipunctata) - IDAHO - Adults abundant on willows bordering American Falls Reservoir, Power County. (Schow). A SCOLYTID (Anisandrus dispar) - WASHINGTON - Heavy on elm trees near Lyle, Klickitat County. Det. by M. H. Hatch. (Smith, Brannon), AN ASH PLANT BUG (Neoborus illitus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Modesto ash trees in Modesto, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - OKLAHOMA - Causing leaves of elms to rosette in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN OAK KERMES SCALE (Kermes pubescens) - OKLAHOMA - Infesting oaks in Tulsa, Wagoner, Tahlequah, McAlester and Durant areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GALL INSECTS - MISSOURI - Galls of undetermined cynipids present on pin oaks throughout State. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). TEXAS - Moderate, local population of cecidomyiid galls, with larvae present, attacking poplar in Dallas County. (Milikien). Many species of galls present on oaks and poplars over State; home- owners very concerned about problem. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults heavy on birch in Washington, Kent and Providence Counties. (Mathewson, Cartier, Kerr). CONNECTICUT - Active in Niantic area, New London County. (Savos). DELAWARE - Adults present and laying eggs in New Castle County. (Bray). ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - TEXAS - Moderate, widespread defoliation of elms causing concern in De Witt and Lavaca Counties. (Whitley, Heideman). OAK SAWFLIES - DELAWARE - Unspecified species heavy on white oak in central Kent County. (Bray). OKLAHOMA - An undetermined species causing considerable damage to foliage of pin oaks in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN ANT (Liometopum occidentale occidentale) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations general in oak trees and other vegetation in Ojai, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rypithok MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - MISSOURI - Galls evident on maples throughout central, north central and northwest areas. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). MARYLAND - Galls abundant on several red maples at Laurel, Prince Georges County. QUAS Mads eknite Dept.) LEAF CRUMPLER (Acrobasis indiginella) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestation of 75-100 larvae and pupae reported on single pyracantha in Washington County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., McClung). A LOOPER (Coryphista meadi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on Oregongrape (Mahonia aquifolium) in several northern locations of State. (Call, Coops Rpwo2 A CUTWORM (Feltia ducens) - NEBRASKA - Abundant and damaging chrysnathemums at North Platte Experiment Station. (Pruess). A DOGWOOD BORER (Agrilus cephalicus) - DELAWARE - Adult emerged from infested dogwood limb from central Kent County, May 10. (Bray). - 496 - A SCARAB (Hoplia sp., probably callipyge) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually heavy on rose blooms in Sacramento area, Sacramento County; heavy and damaging rose blooms in local foothill areas in northern part of State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus punctiger) - PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding on seeds of danelion at Boiling Springs, Huntingdon County, May 4. (Negley). BOSTRICHIDS AND LYCTIDS - NEVADA - Heavy infestations of Dendrobiella aspera, Xylobiops sextuberculatus, Xyloblaptus prosopidis, Lyctus sp. and Trogoxylon aequale present on fruitless mulberry trees in a nursery and yard in Las Vegas, Clark County. Trees in good condition not being attacked; those trees which failed to bud and leaf normally, and have growth of basal leaves only, being attacked and entered at bud area. (Bechtel, Nichols, Zoller). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - Moderate to severe on Polyscias balfouriana and Pyracantha atalantoides (Apr. 12), severe on Bursera simaruba (Apr. 25), and moderate on Macadamia ternifolia (Apr. 27) at Ft. Lauderdale, and severe on Cryptostegia grandifolia (Apr. 25). and light on Ixora parviflora (Apr. 12) at Dania, both in Broward County; infested Pyrus sp. at Mascotte, Lake County (Apr. 23); severe on Citrus sinensis at Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County (Apr. 12); present on Prunus sp. at Titusville, Brevard County (Aprl 17); and infested Chenopodium botrys at Tampa, Hillsborough County (Apr. 16). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE — Heavy on spirea in New Castle and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). UTAH - Populations low as of May 9. (Knowlton). BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) - FLORIDA - In Broward County, moderate on Ixora parviflora and Clusia rosea at Dania (Apr. 12-13), and severe on Coccolobia uvifera (Apr. 18) and light on Macadamia ternifolia at Ft, Lauderdale (Apr. 27). Infested Camellia sp. at Lakeland, Polk County (Apr. 18) and at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County (Apr. 19). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on stock plantings in Mompoc, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - FLORIDA - Moderate on Solanum seaforthianum at De Leon Springs, Volusia County (Apr. 13); light on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis at Homestead, Dade County (May 2); and severe on Tabebuia pentaphylla at Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County (Apr. 27). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - TEXAS - Widespread attacks of unspecified species in Henderson County caused considerable leaf curling on various shade trees. (Hatter). OKLAHOMA - Several species continue active on variety of ornamentals throughout State. Heavy populations reported on blackjack oak in Oklahoma City area; also noted killing twigs of pine trees in same area. Populations down and high degree of parasitism observed in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Winged forms and many immatures present on maple leaves in Doniphan County; also clustered on tips of many shoots of spirea in same area, (Eshbaugh). NEBRASKA - Undeter- mined species abundant and curling leaves of snowball, chokecherry and other ornamentals in North Platte, Lincoln County. (Pruess). UTAH - Infesting rose bushes at Provo, Payson and Salt Lake City. (Knowlton). Aphids in Florida - Aphis coreopsidis moderate on Baccharis halimifolia at Dania, Broward County (Apr. 20); Capitophoris eleagni severe on 20 Cirsium sp. at Indian- town, Martin County (Apr. 20); Cinara louisianensis light on Thuja orientalis at Ft, Lauderdale, Broward County (Apr. 18); Myzus hemerocallis severe on 2,000 Hemerocallis sp. at Pensacola, Eascambia County (Apr. 18). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - VIRGINIA - Adults present May 9 in Prince Edward and Appomattox Counties (Peery, Smith, Tarpley); also present in many other sections of State (Tarpley). LACE BUGS - MARYLAND - Adults of Stephanitis spp. and Corythucha spp. appeared May 9 on azalea and sycamore, respectively, at University Park, Prince Georges A OT County. First nymphs of season noted on azalea at Adelphi, Prince Georges County, Matvar my GU Mcic ask tr. Deipite)). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - INDIANA - Brown race infesting butternut and walnut trees in Indianapolis, Marion County. (Schuder). COLORADO - Eggs on lilac appear to be developing and crawlers should be present in 1-2 weeks in Fort Collins area, Larimer County. (Jenkins). IDAHO —- Still in egg stage on lilacs in Moscow area, Latah County, as of May 6. (Portman). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - MARYLAND - Crawlers appeared May 3 on euonymus at Hagerstown, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - MARYLAND - Crawlers active May 11 on lilacs at Chevy Chase, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Pulvinaria sp. heavy on pyracantha at Lewisdale, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Lecaniodiaspis sp. medium on native azalea at locality in Nelson County and on Japanese holly in nursery in Pittsylvania County. (Miller, Jr.). MISSOURI - First Aspidiotus liquidambaris crawlers of season observed in east central area, (Lenhardt). Coccids in Florida - Aspidiotus cyanophylli moderate on Billbergia amoena var, minor at Tampa, Hillborough County (Apr. 23). A. lataniae infested Euonymus sp. at Ft. Meyers, Lee County (May 1) and 500 Rhododendron sp. at Pembroke, Polk County (May 1); was moderate on 3,000 Philodendron oxycardium at Plymouth, Orange County (May 3) and on Diospyros sp. at Groveland, Lake County (Apr. 18). Asterolecanium bambusae was moderate on bamboo at Pembroke (May 1). Aonidiella taxus infested 500 Podocarpus plants at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County (May 3). Ceroplastes ceriferus was moderate on Diospyros sp. at Groveland (Apr. 19), and was light on Podocarpus macrophylla maki at Homestead, Dade County (May 4). Chrysomphalus aonidum light on 200 Howea sp. at Pembroke (Apr. 30) and on Camellia japonica at Lake Wales, Polk County (May 1); severe on Epidendron mariae-ames Apr. 19) and moderate on Severinia buxifolia (Apr. 20) at Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County. Eucalymnatus tessellatus infested Mimusops roxburghiana and severely infested Ilex cornuta at Ft. Lauderdale (Apr. 20). #Fiorinia theae was severe on I. cornuta at Ft. Lauderdale (Apr. 20) and light on Camellia sp. at Tampa (Apr. 26). Gymnaspis aecheae infested Billbergia sp. at Zephyrhills, Pasco County (Apr. 20) and was moderate on Billbergia amoena var. minor at Tampa (Apr. 23). Parlatoria proteus infested Fortunella sp. at New Smyrna Beach,Volusia County Apr. 26), and was moderate on Citrus reticulata at Geneva, Seminole County (Apr. 30). Phenacaspis cockerelli was light on Strelitzia reginae (Apr. 19) and on Magnolia sp. (Apr. 26) at Tampa; was moderate on S. reginae at Bradenton, Manatee County (Apr. 23) and light on Arecastrum romanzoffianum at Zephyrhills (Apr. 30). Pinnaspis aspidistrae was moderate on Cycas revoluta at Windermere, Orange County (Apr. 26), and severe on Aspidistra elatior at Pembroke (May 1). Pseudococcus citri ranged moderate to severe on Saintpaulia spp. at Plymouth (May 3) and was light on 7,000 plants of Citrus sp. at Dade City, Pasco County (May 4). Saissetia hemisphaerica was moderate on Severinia buxifolia at Ft. Lauderdale (Apr. 20). Toumeyella liriodendri severely infested hundreds of Michelia fuscata at Ocala, Marion County (Apr. 19). Unaspis citri was moderate on Citrus sinensis at Longwood (Apr. 26) and at Casselberry (May 2), Seminole County;light on Citrus aurantifolia X fortunella at Orlando, Orange County (Apr. 20), and C. sinensis at O'Steen, Volusia County (May 3). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations, probably this Species, present on a number of ornamentals in Athens, Clarke County. (Johnson). A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Acacia latifolia in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS - RHODE ISLAND - Probably Gnophothrips piniphilus, present on black pine in Kingston, Washington County, with history of infestation of this species. (Cartier). TEXAS - Local populations of unspecified species causing light damage to gladiolus in Henderson County. (Hatter). - 498 - HOLLY LEAF MINERS (Phytomyza spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Well-advanced pupae of Phytomyze sp. present in mines examined in south Kingstown, Washington County, May 5. (Mathewson). INDIANA - P. ilicicola infesting American holly at Terre Haute, Vigo County. (Schuder). OREGON - Pupation of P. ilicis underway; first few adults emerged at Astoria, Clatsop County, week of May 6. (Goeden). BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - MARYLAND - Pupation about complete May 9 on American boxwood at Laurel, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AN ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER — MASSACHUSETTS - An unspecified species more abundant than in recent years. (Wheeler, May 10). ERIOPHYID MITES - CALIFORNIA - Medium population of Eriophyes emarginatae causing leaf galls on Prunus demissa in Castle Crag State Park, Shasta County. Calacaras carinatus and Acaphylla steinwedeni heavy on camellia leaves on nursery plants in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PILLBUGS - TEXAS - Heavy populations attacking young ornamentals in all areas of Refugio County. (Bredthauer). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - INDIANA - Ranged O-5 per head on herd of Angus cattle; some also found on nearby buildings. (Laemmlen). MISSOURI - Activity began 7-10 days earlier this season than in 1961; first adults observed on cattle in central area April 22 and first larvae in area collected May 2. Adults repro- ducing in field in central and northern areas. (Wingo). IOWA -— Collected from faces of calves April 26. Counts 1-8 per animal on cattle on pasture May 2-8 in southeast and northwest areas; heaviest numbers on young calves. Cattle in Benton, Linn and Tama Counties bunching and showing obvious annoyance on May 4. (Iowa Tnisj bat.) HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NEVADA - Population increasing in southern Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). OKLAHOMA - Becoming annoying in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 450-600 per head on cows in Pushmataha County (southeast); 150-400 per head in east central area; and up to 750 per head on cows and 1,000 per head on bulls in Stillwater area, Payne County (north central). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Beginning to appear on cattle in western part of State; ranged 10-100 per animal. (Peters). MISSOURI - Light to moderate in northwest area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA — Ranged O-5 per animal on pasture in northwest. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ILLINOIS - Varied 10-200 (averaged 55) per animal on cows in southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Light to medium on several herds checked in Bedford, Campbell, Appomatox, Amherst and Nelson Counties. (Tarpley). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Limited adult activity continues in scattered areas over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TABANIDS —- NEVADA —- Adult population of Silvius pollinosus heavy in Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel). OKLAHOMA - Light activity of Tabanus spp. and Chrysops spp. observed on cattle and horses in southeast area; none observed throughout east central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Tabanus lasiophthalmus heavy and feeding on beef cattle in west central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). MARYLAND - Deer flies annoying humans in tidewater sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A SCREW-WORM —- KANSAS - Larvae of an undetermined species infesting dehorning wounds in Riley County. (Pitts). =| 499) = MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - An outbreak of Aedes sollicitans occurred on lower Eastern Shore. Adults of Culex spp. and Culiseta spp. taken in resting boxes at Rhodes- dale, Dorchester County, May 7; Aedes canadensis, a rare species, taken in flight at Laurel, Prince Georges County, on same date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Adults of unspecified species more noticeable in northern portion of State although no real problems yet reported. Few complaints received from southern area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - During period April 29 to May 5, some 1,463 larval collections were made; 38 percent of collections contained Aedes excrucians, 37 percent A. vexans, 31 percent A. fitchii, 24 percent A. cinereus, 16 percent A. stimulans and A. flavescens, and 10 percent A. canadensis. Aedes pupae present in 9 percent of collections. Cool weather during period has delayed pupation and emergence; adults still rare May 10. Culiseta inornata, which overwinters as an adult, mow found in about 4 percent of larval collections. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Overwintered Culex spp. and Culiseta spp. observed and reported biting humans since mid-April. Aedes vexans not developing as yet. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Unspecified species troublesome near Colorado River in Moab area, Grand County; adults also troublesome in Helper-Wellington area, Carbon County, and few present at Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Adult population o Aedes vexans moderate in Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel). : BLACK FLIES - RHODE ISLAND - Unspecified species have been active for about 2 weeks in all sections. (Mathewson King,Kerr, May 5). Normal number of complaints for season being received from all rural areas of State. (Mathewson). MARYLAND - Simulium jenningsi adults becoming active and causing annoyance to humans in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Simulium sp. feeding around ears of horses in west central area, (Wingo). CHIRONOMID MIDGES - RHODE ISLAND - Unspecified species causing nuisance in vicinity of mill trench in West Warwick, Kent County. (Mathewson). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Troublesome to cattle in Spanish Fork Canyon, Utah County. Contorls applied to more than 50 percent of beef cattle in Wayne County, (Knowlton, Hall). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy in coastal sections of South Kingstown, Washington County, May 3. (Mathewson). Present statewide; more complaints received from Providence County than in previous years. (Mathewson, King, Peabody, Cartier, Hannah). MARYLAND - Adults common in wooded areas and fields in southern and central sections. CUR Madi vEnit., Depts: VIRGINIA - Found on children and pets in Blacksburg area, Montgomery County. (Turner). OKLAHOMA - Infestations continue annoying to picnickers in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) - WYOMING - Very numerous in areas of Big Horn Basin and in Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Medium to heavy populations observed in portions of east central area and in southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults collected from cat at South Kingstown, Washington County. (Mathewson, May 1). TICKS - WISCONSIN - Reports indicate these pests to be a problem in Buffalo, Crawford, Portage and Shawano Counties, and particularly annoying in Eau Claire, Oconto and Murinette Counties. Populations appear somewhat more numerous than in 1961. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Annoying in home at Lewis-— burg, Union County, and Pittsburgh, Allegheny County. (Gesell, Udine). - 500 - MARYLAND - Infested basement of home at Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEBRASKA - Abundant in many homes and business establishments in North Platte, Lincoln County. (Pruess). SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant in homes in Hot Springs area, Fall River County. (Mast). CALIFORNIA - Heavy population invaded home at Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DERMESTID BEETLES - UTAH - Unspecified species infested many foods in large kitchen at Tremonton, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). Trogoderma parabile extremely abundant in home at Smithfield, Cache County. Several cases of carpet beetles reported from this county recently. (Thornley, Knowlton). TEXAS - Trogoderma sternale infested a fabric shop in Tarrant County and caused concern. (Payne). BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - MARYLAND - Larvae injured fabrics in several homes in Baltimore. QUARMGSN Ente. Dept: IOWA - Reported from all areas of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation occurred in home in Fresno, Fresno County. (Cale Coop. wk ptepe A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Polycaon stouti) - NEVADA - Attacked furniture in home in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Morgan Pest Cont. Co.). A SPIDER BEETLE (Mezium americanum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant in home in Delaware County May 4. (Menusan). GROUND BEETLES - TEXAS - Becoming pestiferous in and around homes in Tarrant County; adults swarm to lights at night. (Graves). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - MASSACHUSETTS - Requests for determination and information increasing each year. (Wheeler). WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - WASHINGTON - Infested building near Ritzville, Adams County. (Hintze, Brannon). A ROTTENWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis nevadensis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy population occurred in basement of home in Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpty)!; TERMITES - NEBRASKA - Undetermined species noted in home at Paxton, Keith County. (Pruess). UTAH - Unspecified species emerged for flight in home at Tremonton, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). CARPENTER ANTS - RHODE ISLAND - Complaints concerning Camponotus sp. average in number. Alates noted. (Mathewson, Cartier, May 5). PENNSYLVANIA - C. nearcticus became annoying in home at Yardly, Bucks County; det. G. B. Sleesman. (Sleesman, May 5). VIRGINIA - C. pennsylvanicus alates noted at Leesburg, Loudoun County. (Rowell, Brown, May 1). WASHINGTON - Camponotus sp. infested home at Hood Canal, Mason County. (O'Conner, Brannon). IOWA - Unspecified species unusually active in central area during spring. (owallin's sip inte) CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) - GEORGIA - Caused considerable boring damage in house in Athens, Clarke County, and to barn in Lexington, Oglethorpe County. (Carter, Jordan). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - VERMONT - A problem in some homes in Burlington area, Chittenden County. (MacCollom). PENNSYLVANIA - Infested home for third consecutive year at Evans City, Butler County, May 4. Numerous reports from western part of State and reported at Clearfield, Dubois County. (Simons, Udine, Adams). VIRGINIA - Numerous in home kitchen at Culpeper, Culpeper County. (Rowell, Heltzel, May 1). UTAH - Unusually troublesome in homes in Salt Lake, Emery, Utah, Davis and Weber Counties. (Knowlton). = 00 — BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - IDAHO - Numerous species averaged 1-3 per sweep in alfalfa sampled in Lewston Orchards and Lapwai-Culdesac area, Nez Perce County. (Kambitsch). UTAH —- Lady beetles not yet abundant in alfalfa in Cache County. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Hippodamia sp. ranged 5-15 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (Fullerton). OKLAHOMA - Several species ranged light to heavy on most crops throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults of several species varied 0-140 (average 82) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State; larvae ranged 0-49 (average 5) per 100 sweeps. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA -— Numerous adults of Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris noted at Christiansburg, Montgomery County, hibernating at base of tree. (Tarpley, Hepler). PENNSYLVANIA — Chilocorus stigma numerous in Scotch pine planting May 2. (Gesell). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - ILLINOIS - Adults averaged 17 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WYOMING - Averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties. (Fullerton). GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light to medium populations of both larvae and adults throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A PRAYING MANTID (Tenodera sp.) - VIRGINIA - Numerous nymphs and egg cases noted at Christiansburg, Montogomery County; nymphs noted at Purcellville, Loudoun County, on May 2. (Tarpley, Hepler, Brown). FLOWER FLIES -— ILLINOIS - Larvae observed first time this season in southwest district. (111. Ins. Rpt.) OKLAHOMA - Light to heavy larval populations present on alfalfa throughout southeast and east central areas; up to 30 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - Overwintered well and show strong activity. Mathewson, May 5). WILD BEES - RHODE ISLAND - Andrena sp. active and Nomada spp. noted. (Mathewson, May 1). Beneficial insects in Texas - PARASITIC BRACONIDS, LADY BEETLES, and LACEWINGS very numerous in northeastern part of State where corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) and pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) are problems. (Turney). Helping to hold cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) in check in Nueces County. (Nolan). Beneficial insects in Arkansas - Spring clovers, small grains and roadside weeds harboring increasing populations of various species of LADY BEETLES, GREEN LACE- WINGS (Chrysopa spp.) , a BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) and a FLOWER BUG (Orius Pee id oeuat (Ark, Ins. Sur.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - UTAH - Of the numerous noctuids collected in blacklight traps, 20-95 percent this species. Also numerous at conventional light traps and extremely numerous at lilac blossoms in evenings. (Davis, Bohart, Knowlton) . WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy, larval populations migrated across roadways in Pauma Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Adults flying at Logan, Cache County, and Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County; occasionally numerous. Numerous at blossoms in northern part of State. (Knowlton). BANDED WOOLYBEAR (Isia isabella) - IDAHO - Late instars general throughout Grange- ville area, Idaho County. (Studer). A SKIPPER (Erynnis juvenalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Unspecified stage numerous along roadsides in Franklin County. (Balsbaugh) . = OO ei A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults very numerous around lights April 24 at Hanesdale, Wayne County, and April 27 in Schuylkill and Snyder Counties. (Jeffery, Cook). CHEESE SKIPPER (Piophila casei) - RHODE ISLAND - Concentration of adults in Pascoag, Providence County, near site of nuisance infestation reported in 1961, caused local concern. Adults now present probably from pupae that escaped treat-— ment applied in 1961; breeding material (hides) has been removed. (Mathewson, May 1). BAMBOO POWDER-POST BEETLE (Dinoderus minutus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy, adult popula- tions infested bamboo nursery stakes in Torrence, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpit.) A MARCH FLY (Bibio sp.) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on flowering plums and mountain-ash in Moscow area, Latah County. (Manis). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Gravid, wingless females observed at several nurseries and orchards in Mobile County; largest numbers occur just before and after thundershowers. (Seibels, Buttram). AN ACARID MITE (Tyrophagus longior) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred in medium infestation on honey agaric (Armillaria mellea). (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - MARYLAND - A fungus disease killed adults in small grain fields in Dorchester and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(9):134 - Third paragraph, second line from bottom: (Sogota orizicola) should read (Sogata orizicola). CEIR 12(16):386 — BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - TEXAS - Re-examination of specimens on dooryard oaks in Jefferson County showed them to be Lecanium sp., not C. hesperidum, CEIR 12(18):447 - CORRECTIONS - CEIR 12(13):283 - A SCALE INSECT - last line should read, ... Chrysomphalus sp., probably obscurus. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). CEIR 12(19):467 - PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifolii) - should read (Drepanaphis acerifoliae). ADDITIONAL NOTES VERMONT -—- BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) adults becoming active. A WEBWORM on juniper reported from several areas, (MacCollom). NORTH CAROLINA - Peak adult emergence of ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) occurred during first week of May in central Piedmont region. Unusually heavy damage occurred on lower slopes of mountains at elevations of 2,000 feet or lower in Asheville and Hendersonville areas. (Mount). SOUTHERN PINE SAWYER (Monochamus titillator) emerging through sheetrock in a Randolph County home. FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) infesting camellias in Wilson County. (Robertson). IOWA — Adults of CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps in every field of alfalfa and red clover examined period May 2-8. PEA APHID | (Macrosiphum pisi) populations very spotty; ranged 1-2 stem-mothers per sweep in southeastern and O-1l per sweep in northeastern area. Stem-mothers giving rise to live young in few fields. Predators now common. First and second instars of - 503 - CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) ranged 0-4 per crown in alfalfa and red clover. Feeding very light; mostly in southern half of State, Damage by SWEET- CLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) reported in Washington, Story and Plymouth Counties. SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) hatched about April 25 in south-— western area and May 2 in southeastern area; now feeding on elms in southern half of State. Damage sufficient in Mills, Polk and Page Counties to justify controls; 25 percent of elm leaves with holes on May 3 in Mahaska County; 10 percent on May 4 in Linn County showed feeding injury. No evidence of activity in northern part of State. Newly hatched ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) feeding on elm leaves in Poweshiek County May 3. Pupation of SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) began May 7 at Ames; emergence expected May 14-17. (Iowa Ins. Inf SOUTH CAROLINA - Buildup of ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) reported in Newberry and Anderson Counties. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (H. meles) damaged clover in Abbeville County. First FACE FLY (Musca atumnalis) of season reported at Walhalla, Oconee County, April 23. (Nettles et al.). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey of GRASSHOPPER egg development conducted in central and western parts of State. In Grant, Hettinger, McKenzie and Dunn Counties, egg development ranged from clear to advanced segmentation; 25 percent of eggs clear; 39 percent coagulated; 21 percent showed eyespot and 20 percent segmented. First instar of MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus sanguinipes) observed along roadsides in southeastern McKenzie County and northern Dunn County. First instars of CLEAR- WINGED GRASSHOPPER (Camnula pellucida) noted on rangeland in northwestern Dunn County. All eggs of this species in segmented stage. (Brandvik). In Pierce, Botteneau, Renville, Ward, Burke and Divide Counties, 80 percent of eggs of C. ellucida in segmented stage. Eggs of M. sanguinipes and TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER M. bivittatus) 30 percent segmented, 40 percent with eyespot, 20 percent coagulated and remainder clear. No grasshoppers emerging. In Williams, Mountrail and McLean Counties, first instars of C. pellucida and M. sanguinipes observed at 1 per square yard on southern exposures of short grass rangeland; eggs of M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes 30 percent segmented, 40 percent with eyespot, 20 percent coagulated and 10 percent clear. Eggs of C. pellucida 100 percent segmented. Thirty percent of eggs in all counties in northwestern part of State dried and desicated. (Wilson). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot, Feltia Perid. Prod. Protoparce Heliothis undp. | ips. subterr. saucia ornith. sexta quing. zea vires. ARKANSAS Hope 5/3-9 3 al Morrilton 5/3-9 3 2 Kelso 5/3-9 5 5 3 CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp. Sta. 5/3-9 2 17 2 10 5 5 COLORADO Two Buttes 5/4-11 pur (pl New Liberty 5/4-11 5 3 FLORIDA Gainesville 5/10 1 Quincy 5/7 2 3 aL ILLINOIS (County) Champaign 5/4-10 264 8 INDIANA (County) Vanderburgh 5/1-9 201 10 2 (Continued on page 504) - 504 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (continued) Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Perid. Prod. Protoparce Heliothis unip. ips. subterr. saucia ornith. sexta quing. zea vires. IOWA Ames 4/15-5/8 144 Wale/ 23 Columbus Jct. 4/15-5/1 339 173 16 Soldier 4/17-5/6 40 62 25 Dubuque 4/21-5/3 43 7 1 Hastings 4/19-5/2 26 7 4 Milford 4/26-30 ,5/5-7 16 3 KANSAS Garden City 5/17 102 4 28 Hays 5/4,8 121 4 al Manhattan 5/4-10 86 19 5 2 Mound Valley 4/30-5/1,5,8 60 be 20 i Wathena 4/30-5/6 72 8 6 2 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 5/4-10 52 56 12 14 35 3 1 7 NEBRASKA North Platte 4/25-5/2 10 10 27 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 4/30-5/6 3 10 16 10 2 2 Clemson 5/5-11 20 6 5 1 4 SOUTH DAKOTA (County) Brookings 5/10-11 12 TENNESSEE (Counties) Madison 4/24-30 14 2 2 Maury 4/24-5/7 59 allel ali Robertson 4/24-5/7 46 11 3 2 Cumberland 4/24-5/7 92 28 2 1 Greene 4/24-5/7 74 ala 5 2 Blount 4/24-30 620 24 4 Johnson 4/24-5/7 70 10 2 1 TEXAS Brownsville 4/28-5/3 5 13 234 9 10 2 9 64 Waco 5/5-11 12 10 29 28 88 30 WISCONSIN Platteville 4/30-5/3 53 al Middleton 5/4-9 8 1 Madison 5/4-9 8 aL Additional Light Trap Collections CALIFORNIA (Shafter Exp. Sta., 5/5-9) - Loxostege sticticalis - 16; Prodenia praefica - 166; Proxenus mindara -— 25; Spodoptera exigua - 29 COLORADO (Two Buttes, 5/4-11) - L. sticticalis - 389. KANSAS - L. sticticalis - (Garden City, 5/1-7) - 188; (Hays, 5/4,8) - 56; (Manhattan, 5/4,10) - 2. Ostrinia nubilalis (Manhattan, 5/4,10) - 1. * Two traps - Stoneville — O0Os — INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES A Pasture Scarab (Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister) Economic Importance: This scarab, which was described by H. C. C. Burmeister in 1847, is a native of Argentina and Uruguay. It is known to attack the roots of native grasses and several cultivated and pasture crops in those countries. At some time prior to 1947, the species was introduced into Australia. The species was known to occur in a number of Sydney suburbs by 1955. Although the pest caused only minor damage by 1955, Australian officials were concerned that the species might spread into other areas more favorable to its survival. C. signaticollis is closely related to a number of serious pests in South America and the United States, which occasionally cause severe damage to improved pastures, lawns or vegetable crops. The northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow) and southern masked chafer (C. immaculata (Olivier)) are probably the two most commonly encountered and widespread species in the United States. The distribution of C. signaticollis in South America and Australia is quite similar in that the species is recorded in similar latitudes. Sydney is 33° 52' S§S. and Buenos Aires is 34° 36' S. In the United States, these latitudes would be comparable to Charleston, South Carolina, on the east coast, and San Diego, California, on the west coast. Hosts: Recorded in lawns and pastures in Australia and observed attacking native grasses, alfalfa, wheat, corn, flax, sunflower and barley in Argentina. Distribution: Recorded in Argentina (Buenos Aires, eastern Cordoba, southern Santa Fe, Entre Rios Provinces, and the northeast of the La Pampa Territory), Uruguay and Australia (Sydney area of New South Wales). General Distribution of Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) No. 144 of Series - 506 - Life History and Habits: As far as known, nothing has been published regarding the biology of C. signaticollis except for the field observations made in Australia. In the Sydney area, larval feeding and damage to vegetation are con—- fined to the autumn and early winter months, there being no resumption of activity in the spring. Larval development is very rapid and most of the larvae complete their feeding by late fall. The adult flight period is from late November to early January, with peak flights occurring in late December. The adults first appear in flight at dusk, becoming strongly attracted to lights after dark; males outnumber females. Copulation occurs on the ground and the females burrow into the soil immediately. The larvae seem to prefer high soil moisture requirements, because the greatest numbers can be found in shaded or otherwise naturally damp situations at the end of May. The average annual rainfall in Sydney (48 inches) is appreciably greater than Buenos Aires (37 inches), but the temperature regime of Sydney is very similar to that of Buenos Aires. Description: ADULT - Length 1.34 to 1.50 cm. Dorsally glabrous; color light brown to brownish-beige, with the pronotum somewhat darker than the elytra. Elytra and pronotum with complex, bilaterally symmetrical, dark brown markings and shallow irregular punctation; elytral markings obsolete in some specimens, but always pre- sent on pronotum. Head dark brownish-black; clypeus dull reddish-brown. Abdomen , legs and coxae light brown, the latter with erect golden hairs. Pygidium lightly and irregularly punctate, glabrous except for central tuft of yellowish hairs on posterior margin. Anterior claws of female equal and simple, and tarsal segments equal in length. Anterior claws much larger in male, strongly asymmetrical, the larger claw with a fine subapical spine externally; last tarsal segment greatly enlarged to support claws and preceding segments correspondingly shorter and broader. LARVA (third instar) - Head capsule yellowish-brown and slightly rugulose; width 4.4 to 5.2 mm.; weakly pigmented ocellus present at base of each antenna. All tarsal claws long and slender. Two posterior pairs of abdominal spiracles larger than first 6 pairs, being approximately equal in size to those of prothorax. Raster and lower anal lip bear numerous small hamate setae; in addition, on the lower anal lip there are some 7 to 9 exceptionally large and deeply pigmented hamate setae, with their sockets arranged in a roughly circular or oval pattern; anal slit transverse. (Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in cooperation with other ARS agencies and U. S. National Museum) .CEIR 12(20) :5-18-62. Figures of Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister: 1. Adult Male, Dorsal View. 2. Anterior Tarsus; (a) Female, (b) Male. 3. Spurs of Posterior Tibia; (a) Female, (b) Male. 4. Antennal Club; (a) Female, (b) Male. 5. Raster of Third Stage Larva. Major reference and figures (except map): Carne, P. B. 1956. Linn. Soc Ni sie Wales Proc. 81(3):217-221. Figures by L. A. Marshall. G4 4 ig ARTMENT OF AGRICU AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesroi assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 May 25, 1962 Number 21 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS GRASSHOPPER hatch continues to progress; nymphs numerous in local areas of Utah, Colorado, Wyoming and Texas. (p. 509). ALFALFA WEEVIL larval damage heavy to untreated alfalfa in parts of Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Colorado and Nevada. (pp. 509, 510, 535). CORN FLEA BEETLE relatively abundant in parts of Kansas, Maryland, Delaware and Pennsylvania. (p. 511). ARMYWORM counts high on wheat and barley in southeast Missouri and outbreak reported on oats and wheat in Calhoun County, South Carolina. (p. 513). BLACK CUTWORM damage reported in local areas of Kansas and Missouri, and EUROPEAN CORN BORER adult flights underway in Delaware. First generation of latter species expected to be light in Illinois. (p. 514). Infestations of THRIPS light to moderate on peanuts in several Georgia counties and beginning to damage field corn on Eastern Shore of Maryland. (p. 515). CODLING MOTH flights reported in a number of states from Utah to New York. (p. 515). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER outbreak severe throughout Missouri. (p. 516). EUROPEAN RED MITE becoming more active; some damage beginning to appear locally. May be troublesome in some areas. (pp. 517-518). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER treat- ments underway in most areas of Texas. (p. 518). CITRUS INSECTS at low level generally in Florida, but increasing trend for CITRUS RUST MITE, CITRUS RED MITE, TEXAS CITRUS MITE and BLACK SCALE expected in June. (pp. 518-519). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE locally heavy on potatoes in Oklahoma, Alabama and Delaware, and MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE moderate to heavy in Alabama and heavy in Coffee County, Georgia. (p. 520). WIREWORMS caused considerable damage to tobacco in areas of North and South Carolina. (p. 522). A BLACK FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) considerably lower on cotton in central Arizona than at same time in 1961; however, combinations of fleahoppers and lygus bugs causing 50 percent loss of squares in many fields. (p. 523). Treatments for THRIPS being applied on cotton in several states, but populations not generally high. (pp. 523-524). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH found in large numbers on ornamentals in residential area of Whatcom County, Washington. (p. 525). CANKERWORMS feeding heavily in parts of Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois, New York, Connecticut and New Jersey. (p. 526). ELM LEAF BEETLE larvae causing considerable damage to elms in parts of Oklahoma and Texas; also active in Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arkansas and Illinois. (pp. 526-527). GYPSY MOTH defoliation expected to be 50 percent on 60,000 acres in 3 Massachusetts counties. (p. 535). BIRCH LEAF MINER laying eggs in several Eastern States. (p. 527). BLACK FLIES abundant and a nuisance in areas of Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Wisconsin and Rhode Island. (p. 530). Several species of TICKS a problem in various areas of the country. (pp. 531, 535). PERIODICAL CICADA activity reported heavy in Baton Rouge area of Louisiana, and continued emergence noted in the East. WESTERN HARVESTER ANT becoming a serious pest on range and farmland in Tooele County, Utah. (p. 533). DETECTION A SAND FLY (Culicoides blantoni) found for first time in United States in Cameron County, Texas. (p. 529). New state records were a CRESCENT-GALL POPLAR APHID (continued on page 508) = 00 Si — (Cornaphis populi) in Utah and an ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus diffinis) in Florida. (p. 525). New county records were ALFALFA WEEVIL in Wise and Buchanan Counties, Virginia (p. 509); CLOVER ROOT BORER in La Salle County, Illinois (p. 510); EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY in Perry County, Indiana (p. 525); and LESSER GRAIN BORER in Clark County, Nevada (p. 532). CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES See page 534 for corrections and pages 534 and 535 for additional notes (California and Massachusetts). SPECIAL REPORTS Status of the screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) in the Southwest, May 4-17. Infestations now present throughout southern, central and western Texas; 5 New Mexico counties; and in one county in Oklahoma and one parish in Louisiana. (Gpi2538))< Status of Some Important Insects in the United States. (plum curculio). (p. 539). Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States. (swede midge (Contarinia nastuntid))) 2 (pe wo) Reports in this issue are for week ending May 18, unless otherwise indicated. FOIA AIRC KK WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 21 A broad high pressure system kept skies mostly sunny and led the way for unusually high temperatures over the eastern half of the Nation. A large area from Chicago, Illinois, over Lower Michigan and into central New York State had averages of 20° above normal and many stations from the Gulf to the Great Lakes observed record highs. Parkersburg, West Virginia, had 6 consecutive days of record breaking temperatures, with one highest for so early in season. A 96° maximum on the 18th at Allentown, Pennsylvania, was the highest recorded there since 1944 when records began, but this record was exceeded by 1° on the 19th. The mercury rose to 98° at Putnam, Connecticut, and set a May record for the entire State. Begin-—- ning on the 14th, temperature records for highest so early in season were set at Detroit City Airport, Michigan, on 5 consecutive days. Farther west, Iowa observed its 5th consecutive week of above normal temperature averages. On the cool side, temperatures averaged below normal in North Dakota and all states west and south of Montana. The area of largest departures, ranging up to 12°, included interior California, most of Nevada, and southern interior Oregon. In the Kast, very few freezing temperatures were recorded, while the 32° mark was more common over the higher elevations of the Far West. During the period, many areas needing precipitation received ample amounts, while others remained dry, some critically short of moisture. A prolonged dry spell in the northern and central Great Plains ended when a frontal system stretching northward and southward across the country left generally over 2.00 inches from North Dakota and Minnesota down into much of Kansas. Thundershowers were fairly common throughout this area and locally heavy amounts of rainfall were observed. Iroquois, South Dakota, received 6.23 inches and,in the same State, Wood garnered 5.23 inches of rain. In Nebraska, torandoes, winds, hail and local flooding caused personal injury and property damage, Near Rushville, swollen streams were jammed by ice from hail and 5 inches of hail fell at Springview. Sunday night, 5.00 inches of rain fell at Harlan, Iowa, and in Missouri, most of which had a rainless week, Sikeston received 5.00 inches during a severe thunderstorm on Friday. Near Castana, Iowa, (weather continued on page 524) =F LO}E) CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS —- UTAH - Very serious outbreak appears to be developing in Juab County, especially in Nephi-Levan area. Hatching observed in areas of Tooele County and some hatching occurred in Delta-Deseret area of Millard County, with small numbers of winged Trimerotropis sp. active throughout State. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Grasshopper nymphs numerous in areas of Huerfano County; counts 4 or more per Square yard made in strong wind. Populations presently appear to be following pattern indicated by 1961 fall adult survey. (Jenkins). WYOMING - Following species completed main hatch and are in first and second instars in Platte County as of May 9-11: Aulocara elliotti, Cordillacris occipitalis and Amphitornus coloradus. Following species just beginning to hatch as of May 9-11: Trachyrhachis kiowa and Melanoplus occidentalis. Heavy infestations found in Crook County in areas near Hulett; counts averaged 15 per square yard. (Pfadt). MONTANA - No reports of grasshopper hatching received to May 17. (Roemhild). NORTH DAKOTA - First instars of Ageneotettix deorum found in areas of McKenzie County; counts averaged 5 per square yard. (Wilson, Brandvik). SOUTH DAKOTA - First instars of Melanoplus differentialis and M. bivittatus found in north central region of State; populations low (hatching just started). (Hintz). KANSAS - Few first and second instars of Melanoplus spp. noted in southeastern and east central areas; counts less than 1 per square yard. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Light grasshopper populations, 0-10 per square yard, in Roger Mills County; west central area, on rangeland and soil bank lands. First and second instars light along roadside and rangeland areas in south central part of State. Counts 3-6 per 10 sweeps in margin of alfalfafield in Garvin County, south central area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy, local infestation of nymphs of unidentified grasshoppers began to appear in Knox County about May 1. (Moore). ILLINOIS - First instars of Melanoplus spp. found as far north as Whiteside County in very small numbers. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Eggs of Melanoplus femurrubrum coagulated generally in central and western parts of State. M. bivittatus hatched along roadsides in Adams County where this species was economically important in 1961. M. sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) nymphs not yet appeared in alfalfa, but occasionally seen along roadsides and in wastelands in central and western areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OREGON - Camnula pellucida hatched by May 13. (Jackson). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - VIRGINIA - Spotted, severe infestations on alfalfa in Wise County (McCormick, May 4) and first severe attack reported in Buchanan County (Woods). These are new county records; only county in State not known to be infested is Sussex. (Tarpley). Moderate to severe on Ladino clover on farm in Hanover County. (Sanders). Larvae light on cutover alfalfa and Ladino clover adjacent to alfalfa locally in King and Queen County (Rowell, Sedivy) and infesting Ladino clover locally in Isle of Wight County (Amos, Grizzard, May 8). MARYLAND - Heavy larval injury resulted to untreated alfalfa in Carroll, Dorchester and Queen Annes Counties. Pupation underway on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Untreated fields in central area showing considerable damage. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). PENNSYL- VANIA - First instars present and eggs readily found in Cumberland County alfalfa on May 12. (Negley). Not yet abundant in Juniata and Indiana Counties and possibly less than last year in Blair County. (Udine). CONNECTICUT - Eggs, larvae and adults reported from North Haven, Seymour, Meriden and Wallingford; larval feeding begun. (Kemmerer, Savos). RHODE ISLAND - Adults and young larvae very heavy in field in North Kingstown, Washington County; heavy feeding evident. (Mathewson). COLORADO - Larval counts 10-100 per 100 sweeps in Prowers, Bent, Elbert, Mesa and Montrose Counties. Where high counts occur,early cutting of alfalfa may be necessary. (Bulla, Schweissing, Jenkins). UTAH - Larvae show substantial Bathyplectes curculionis parasitism in Tooele-Grantsville area, Tooele County, alfalfa; counts 9-39 per 10 sweeps at Grantsville. Two thousand acres stubble treated this spring in Tooele County for weevil control. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Adults averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Goshen and Sheridan Counties and 12 per 100 sweeps in Niobrara, Weston, Crook and Campbell Counties. (Fullerton). IDAHO - Adults found occasionally in alfalfa in Lewiston Orchards. = 9100 - Alfalfa about 10-14 inches high. Larvae commonly in first and second stages. (Kambitsch, Portman). NEVADA - First instars present in Currant, Nye County. (Lauderdale). Larvae abundant, with heavy damage occurring in Alamo-Hiko area, Lincoln County; first time in 7-8 years that species has caused so much damage in area, (Christensen). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MISSOURI - Counts in alfalfa in north- east ranged 5-9 larvae per square foot. Several dead larvae observed in each field checked and live larvae discolored by a fungus. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - MARYLAND - Larvae heavily infesting bracts and axils and buds of red clover in Howard and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Adults averaged 5 per 100 sweeps on red clover in Wayne County, May 15. (Sechriest). ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-25 and averaged 2.5 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and clover in northeast and 0-80 and averaged 18.3 in east. Larvae infesting 0-30, average 12.7, percent of stems in northeast and 30-40, average 37.5, percent in east. (111. Ins. Rpitew ke CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Adults averaged 1 per 2 sweeps in alfalfa east of Lewiston Orchards. (Portman). Averaged 1 per sweep in Cotton- wood Creek area along Clearwater River. (Halfhill). UTAH - Make up 5 percent of adult weevils, 4-27 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa at Richmond, Cache County. Larvae now starting to cause damage in Cache, Tooele and Salt Lake County alfalfa. (Knowlton). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Conspicuously notching leaves in parts of Cache Valley. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA — Adults averaged 4 per 10 sweeps in sweetclover in Clay County. (Bergman). One adult per sweep in Hall County sweetclover. (Manglitz). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults 5-25 per 10 sweeps in Richland and Sargent Counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 10-230 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in northeastern and north central areas. (Hintz). A WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) - ILLINOIS - Collected in clover in Bureau County, May 16; first observation of season, (111. Ins. Rpt.). RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) - ARKANSAS - Adults quite active; feeding signs easily seen on rice blades. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Egg-laying activity declining rapidly in Brazos-Burleson County areas; vetch maturing rapidly. (Randolph). CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - ILLINOIS - Two adults collected in La Salle County, May 16; first observation of season and apparently a new county record. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and eggs in mines in clover roots in Juniata County; about 2 adults per root. (Udine). WIREWORMS = WYOMING —- Few scattered light infestations of Limonius spp. found in wheat fields in Goshen County; counts averaged less than 1 per square foot. Few corn fields in Goshen and Weston Counties lightly damaged; counts in damaged fields averaged 1 per square foot. (Fullerton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Small numbers, 1 or 2 per 100 sweeps, present in cereal crops throughout northern area. (Hintz). A CARABID (Clivina sp.) - COLORADO - Fed on seed corn in field in Boulder County; replanting necessary. (Bliss). A TENEBRIONID (Blapstinus substriatus) - MONTANA - Heavy populations found in winter wheat in eastern Teton and northern Cascade Counties; damage negligible. Severe damage to wheat occurred in this area in 1931. Insect then called "wheat leaf beetle.'' (Roemhild). SL Ib CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 3 per plant, with foliage injury evident in 3 acres of sweet corn at Jessup, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults rather common on corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults fairly abundant on sweet corn in York County. (Pepper). NEW YORK — Populations remain phenomenally scarce; counts on 11,000 corn plants in Hudson Valley yielded only 1 plant in 600 with feeding injury, May 11. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.) KANSAS - Relatively abundant in Montgomery County, southeast area. (Burkhardt). DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - UTAH - Increasing on corn and related feed grains in Washington County. (Knowlton). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa in Duncan vicinity, southwest area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Severely infesting pastures on farm near New Castle, Craig County; now mostly in pupal stage. (Rowell). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Infestations declined; low in alfalfa in all areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Very light in Taos County alfalfa. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Declined to noneconomic populations on vetch in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA — Considerably reduced in alfalfa throughout south central and southwest areas; counts ranged 50-500 per 10 sweeps in south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Counts in east central and southeast areas ranged 0-20,000 and averaged less than 100 per 100 sweeps. Over 50 percent of alfalfa has had first cutting removed; pea aphid problem reduced. Predator counts also high in these areas. (Peters). COLORADO - Low on alfalfa; counts 1-200 per 100 sweeps in Prowers, Elbert, Mesa, Delta, Montrose and Garfield Counties. (Bulla, Jenkins). NEBRASKA - Ranged 2-90 and averaged 30 per 10 sweeps in counties bordering Kansas from Nuckolls County west to the Colorado border week ending May 11. (Jarvis). Ranged 0-27 per 10 sweeps in central and northern areas week ending May 11. (Calkins). Light in alfalfa in southern, central and southwestern areas, averaging 15 per sweep. (Bergman). WYOMING - Counts averaged 60 per 100 sweeps in Goshen County and 25-30 per 100 sweeps in Niobrara, Weston, Crook, Campbell and Sheridan Counties. (Fullerton). IDAHO - Counts 5-10 per sweep in alfalfa in Lewiston Orchards area and 1-2 per sweep in alfalfa east of Lewiston Orchards. Running 2-3 per sweep in Lapwai area and Clearwater River area near Cottonwood Creek. In area east of Lewiston Orchards, approximately 15 percent of aphids alates. (Halfhill, Kambitsch, Portman). NORTH DAKOTA - Counts 2-50 per 10 sweeps in southern Richland and Sargent Counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Wingless forms averaged 15 per sweep in southern and southeastern areas of State and extending northward as far as Washington and central Dodge Counties. In northern portion of Dodge County and in Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Fond du Lac and Green Lake Counties, counts averaged 2 per sweep. Only an occasional winged form found. Counts averaged about 6 per sweep in Pepin, Buffalo, Trempealeau, La Crosse and Adams Counties and about 13 per sweep in Marquette and Juneau Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Counts vary from 2 to 500 and average 35 per sweep in clover and alfalfa in northern three-fourths of State. Most fields have less than 50 per sweep, with disease and predators fairly abundant. Occasional fields which apparently escaped heavy rains and are fairly dry, show little signs of disease and some lack predators. Latter fields have fairly high populations and may require treatment if not harvested within next week or two. (111. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant to very abundant on alfalfa in Juniata, Blair and Indiana Counties, but many predators and parasites active. (Udine). Fairly abundant in all alfalfa fields in Franklin, Adams and York Counties; no injury noticeable, (Pepper). MARYLAND - Remains at economic levels on alfalfa in most sections; averaged 400 per sweep in Queen Annes County. Generally declining, however, due to a fungus, parasites and predators. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Alfalfafield in Burlington County had approximately 300 per sweep; several others in county had 50-100 per sweep. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy in alfalfa infested with alfalfa weevil in North Kingstown, Washington County. Lady beetles also common. (Mathewson). soa SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - SOUTH DAKOTA — Populations increased to 94 per 100 sweeps in Gregory County. Also found in Bon Homme County. (Walstrom) . NEBRASKA — Ranged 0-3 per 10 sweeps in northern and central areas, with popula- tions as high as 15 per 10 sweeps in Howard County during week ending May allo (Calkins). None found in south and southwest areas. (Jarvis, Bergman). KANSAS - Found only on a roadside embankment in Montgomery County, southeast area. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Despite dry, hot weather, populations remain low. Counts ranged 30-50 per 10 sweeps in Bryan County to 150 per 10 sweeps in Murray County, south central area. Counts 80 per 10 sweeps in Stephens County, south- west area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations in Glasscock County, western area,have caused 18-inch tall alfalfa to lose bottom half of leaves. (Werst). Very light in Brazos and Burleson Counties; difficult to find. (Randolph). IDAHO - Spring surveys on alfalfa in fields infested last fall negative. (Kambitsch, Portman). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Continues to average about 5-10 per plant in small grains in Clay, Turner and Lincoln Counties. Rains and preda- tors (lady beetles) apparently prevented a more rapid buildup of populations. (Orlob, Fisher). NEBRASKA - Light, 1 per 10 sweeps, on wheat in southwestern area. (Bergman). COLORADO - Light on wheat in southeastern and eastern areas. (Jenkins). TEXAS - Spotted infestations in Sherman County, high plains area, practically disappeared as wheat is maturing rapidly. (Goule). WISCONSIN - None observed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MARYLAND - Ranged 10-70 per sweep on barley and other small grains in Howard, Talbot and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Remains static; counts in oats ranged 1-2 per 100 sweeps although few fields of advanced grain averaged as high as 15 per 10 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Light in Johnson grass, 10-60 percent of terminals infested. None found in grain sorghum seedlings, with only occasional winged individuals observed on corn throughout south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)’. CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - MARYLAND - Clusters numerous on stems of red clover in Queen Annes and Howard Counties. Control recommended. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MARYLAND —- Nymphs averaged 2-5 per sweep on red clover in Howard and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Common in alfalfafield in North Kingstown, Washington County. (Mathewson). WISCONSIN - Adults ranged 1-2 per sweep in alfalfa; few nymphs appearing. (Wis. Ins), SU). OKLAHOMA - Populations 25-30 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Garvin County; lighter in other south central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue to increase in alfalfa statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) COLORADO - Increasing numbers of nymphs being found on alfalfa. Adults and nymphs range 10-100 per 100 sweeps in Prowers, Elbert and Mesa Counties. (Bulla, Jenkins). WYOMING - Nymphs averaged 30 per 100 sweeps in Goshen and Sheridan Counties and 20 per 100 sweeps in Niobrara, Weston, Crook and Campbell Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - L. elisus and Lygus spp. numerous, including nymphs and some new adults, on mustards in alfalfa fields in Delta-general area of west Millard County. (Knowlton). ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - KANSAS - Counts in alfalfa in southeast and east central areas ranged 0-2,000 and averaged 5 per 100 sweeps. (Peters). WYOMING - Adults averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Weston, Crook, Campbell and Sheridan Counties. None found in Niobrara and Goshen Counties. (Fullerton). RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) —- WISCONSIN - First specimen of season found in alfalfafield in Green Lake County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). = 513) = A MIRID (Labops hesperus) - WYOMING - Severe infestation of adults damaging one winter wheat strip south and west of Yoder in Goshen County; counts averaged 3,000 per 100 sweeps. An infestation also found damaging range near Hulett in Crook County. (Fullerton). IDAHO - Infesting intermediate wheatgrass in Weiser area. (Hackler). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy on corn in Baldwin- Mobile County area. (Seibels). FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - TEXAS - Nysius sp. beginning to migrate in light numbers into alfalfa from wheat fields in Cooke County, north central area. (Turney). N. californicus caused considerable wilting of alfalfa in Blanco County, south central area, in April. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Spittle masses appear to be scarce throughout southeast, south and eastern portions of State. Few fields showed as high as 1 nymph per 10 stems, but these fields generally rare. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Generally very low in northern one-half of State; varied 0-136 and averaged 17.6 nymphs per 100 stems in clover and alfalfa. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Nymphs ranged O-8 per 100 stems in clover and alfalfa in south- west area. (Matthew). MARYLAND -— Nymphal populations ranged 8-17 per 10 stems on red clover in Howard and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infesting alfalfa locally in Craig County. (Rowell). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MISSOURI - Counts in alfalfa 0-16 per sweep in northeast; all adults. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - Populations of adults in alfalfa or alfalfa-clover-grass mixtures per 100 sweeps averaged 33 in northwest, 136 in northeast, 444 in west, 176 in central, 183 in east and 487 in west-southwest. Range per 100 sweeps was 13-67 in northwest, 40-440 in northeast, 14-1740 in west, 9-620 in central, 20-468 in east and 210-860 in west-southwest. GH SeinseR pity). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Small numbers found on small grains in northeast and north central areas; counts 10-60 per 100 sweeps. (Hintz). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - High counts, 3-15 per square foot, reported on wheat and barley in southeast area; controls being applied. (French, Harrendorf). Some small larvae observed in dense wheat, barley and fescue throughout northern area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ARKANSAS -— Some infestations remain in northeast on small grains, primarily wheat. No reports of activity in central and southern areas. In northeastern area, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) associated with armyworm. Some infestations of armyworm on young rice prior to flooding reported. Larval size and distribution indicate that egg deposition occurred in the field and no larvae migrated in. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Outbreak reported on 500 acres of oats and wheat in Calhoun County. (Nettles et al.). VIRGINIA - Light larval infestations on oats in Charles City County. (Settle, May 11). MARYLAND - Surveys in small grains in central and southern sections on May 15, 16 and 17 negative. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - FLORIDA - Infesting sweet corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Smith). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NORTH DAKOTA - First adults of season observed in alfalfafield in Richland County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected from Codington and Marshall Counties; counts 20-30 per 100 sweeps. (Hintz) . CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - From 5-12 percent of young corn plants in Brazos County, central area, infested with budworms. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Very light, scattered populations, 0-1 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in Garvin County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 514 - CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 1-3 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in Garvin, Murray and Bryan Counties, south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Scattered, light infestations reported from Richland, Rosebud, Roosevelt, Prairie, Chouteau and Cascade Counties. No large outbreak areas reported to May 17. (Roemhild). WYOMING - Larval infes- tations still being found in alfalfa and wheat in Goshen, Sheridan, Niobrara, Weston, Crook and Campbell Counties. However, damage in these counties has been light. (Fullerton). NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation, 25 larvae per square yard, reported from Adams County. (Colberg). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - KANSAS - Infestations in river bottomland in Neosho County, southeast area; ranged from less than 1 to over 75 percent of young corn plants infested. Larvae appear to be near full grown. Approximately 100 acres of infested corn disked up and will be replanted, (Peters). MISSOURI - Light infestations throughout northern area; few isolated spots of damage reported from southeast area. (Thomas, Munson, Wood). BRONZE CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonia) - VIRGINIA - Severe infestation ina lawn in Crewe, Nottoway County. (Tarpley, Cassell, May 7). DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia subgothica) - MISSOURI - Light infestations throughout northern area; few isolated spots of damage reported from southeast. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). CUTWORMS - NEVADA - Damaging alfalfa in Elko-Carlin areas, Elko County. (Earnish, Maloney, Menke). COLORADO - Caused considerable damage to some fields of wheat in Baca County. (Doherty). KANSAS - Cornfield replanted in Marshall County, northeast area. Damage believed to be caused by these insects. (Burkhardt). INDIANA - Causing damage to early planted corn in occasional fields in southern counties. Damage particularly heavy in few fields of early planted sweet corn. (Matthew). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - First adult flight of season in full swing as evidenced by large numbers collected (50) in black light trap on May 14 and 15 in Sussex County. Egg masses now fairly common on weeds in Sussex and Kent Counties. (Burbutis). NEW JERSEY - Pupation 20 percent in old corn stalks in Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). ILLINOIS - Very warm weather, with temperatures reaching the high 80's and low 90's has caused very rapid pupation. Average percent pupation by districts as follows: Northwest - 16, northeast - 23.3, west - 20, central - 52, east -— 22.5, west-— southwest —- 73, southwest - 84. Development in 1962 ahead of 1961 and slightly ahead of normal. Corn development later than normal. This situation, if it continues, coupled with general low overwintering populations, indicates that problems with first-generation borers will be light, with possible exception of early planted fields. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA —- Pupation not underway in Richland County as of May 18. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Damaging young corn throughout Baldwin and Mobile Counties. (Seibels). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - KANSAS - Damaging corn in 9-acre field in Montgomery County, southeast area. Scattered throughout field. Some areas of field had 50 percent of corn plants infested. (Burkhardt). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Pupation of over- wintering brood 72 percent in Payne County, north central area; by May 18. No moth emergence evident. Pupation also noted among those overwintered in sorghum in Greer County, southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) - VIRGINIA ~- Light, local, larval infestations in 2 fields of seedling corn in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). = Odo = A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) - NEBRASKA - Several reports of activity occurring in Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Hill). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Less than 1 percent of wheat stems infested with full-grown larvae at crown or at first joint in Geary County, east central area. Stems beginning to break over. (Somsen). A few wheat fields in southeast area beginning to have broken stems, evidently caused by this species. (Peters). AN AGROMYZID (Cerodontha dorsalis) - OREGON - Survey of 16 wheat fields in Gilliam and Sherman Counties indicates that populations are extremely low. Mines present in only 3 fields; less than 1 specimen per 25 sweeps. (Every). THRIPS - MARYLAND - Beginning to cause streaking on more advanced field corn in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate infestations on peanuts in Dooly, Sumter, Calhoun, Early, Mitchell, Colquitt, Irwin and Coffee Counties. (Johnson). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - MONTANA - Infestations still reported prior to rains of May 12-13. (Roemhild). COLORADO - Moderate on wheat in Lincoln and Kit Carson Counties; counts 30-100 per foot of drill row. (Jenkins). TEXAS - Spotted infestations in Sherman County, high plains area, practically disappeared as wheat is maturing rapidly. (Goule). A MITE - NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species extremely heavy on wheat near Ranchvale, Curry County; reported killing wheat. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - IDAHO - Infesting cornfield in Canyon County, with one area of field completely killed out. (Bechtolt) CLEAR-WINGED GRASSHOPPER (Camnula pellucida) - OREGON - Observed hatching in Harney County week of May 13. First and second instars extremely abundant on egg beds. (Jackson). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - OREGON - Development, to fifth instar, averaging 2-3 instars, observed in trace numbers in Gilliam and Morrow Counties by May 11. Weather has been generally unfavorable for cricket development. (Jackson). FRUIT INSECTS CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa omonella) - NORTH CAROLINA - First appeared in Wilkes County bait pails May 9. (Mount). MARYLAND - First moths of season appeared at Hancock, Washington County, May 15. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK —- No adults taken in bait pails yet in Hudson Valley, but pupation increasing and flights expected during first warm period. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). VERMONT - Pupa- tion started. (MacCollom). OHIO - First adults emerged May 16, followed by very large numbers May 17-18. (Cutright). MICHIGAN - Pupating at Paw Paw and South Haven. (Hutson). INDIANA - First adult caught in bait trap May 9; rapid popula- tion increase expected. First entries in fruit will probably occur May 23 in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Redfern). MISSOURI - First adult of season trapped in Cape Girardeau County May 10; larvae expected soon. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.) NEW MEXICO — First flight observed in Corrales area, Sandoval County, second week of May. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Adults numerous in Mesa County; 100 per five traps. Few adults appeared in Delta County; none in Montrose and Gar- field Counties. (Bulla). UTAH - Adults collected in light trap and bait trap in Orem area, Utah County, May 10 and in blacklight trap May 11. (Davis, Knowlton). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK — Heavy flights started April 29 in Hudson Valley and continued through May 7, but light since. Moderate numbers of egg masses found, but not as many as expected. Moths noted wo Gi in Clinton County May 8. Controls effective in Orleans County; few eggs laid, no heavy deposition noted this year. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). CONNECTICUT - Egg masses found at Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatched May 16 in Lycoming County on apple. (Gesell). MARYLAND - Larvae continue in Hancock area, Washington County; no egg masses found to May 15. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - First caught in bait pails in Wilkes County April 24. (Turnipseed). INDIANA - Larvae active in Vincennes area, Knox County; controls recommended. (Redfern, May 15). Eggs hatched in northern area. (Matthew). MICHIGAN - Eggs about 50 percent hatched at Niles, Sodus and Paw Paw. Eggs just beginning to hatch at Grand Rapids and Ionia. (Hutson). MISSOURI - First-—brood activity over in most areas, with possible exception of northwestern area. Where adequate control measures not taken, considerable injury to foliage occurred. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). NEW MEXICO - No infestations found in orchards infested during summer of 1961 in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. (N. M.Coop. Rpt.). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - Collection of adults continues in bait traps in Vincennes area, Knox County. Peak emergence passed; twig damage expected latter part of week. (Redfern, May 15). Twig damage noted first time this season in Vigo County, May 17. (Matthew). NORTH CAROLINA - First caught in bait pails in Wilkes County April 28. (Turnipseed). MICHIGAN - Eggs hatching at Coloma. (Hutson). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - NEW YORK - Eggs started hatching April 30 in Hudson Valley; completely hatched May 3. Feeding on terminals common in neglected orchards. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). NEW JERSEY - Apple orchards noted with scattered numbers; numerous in one orchard. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). MISSOURI - Severe outbreak current throughout State. Larval activity nearly over in most areas and numerous pupae found in rolled leaves. Larvae attacking all kinds of foliage as well as fruit trees. Control extremely effective in most orchards, (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). NEW MEXICO - Occasional larva found in apple orchards near Taos, Taos County. (N. M. Coop.Rpt.). LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species noted on apricot foliage near Espanola, Rio Arriba County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). INDIANA —- Damage slight in apple orchards in south central counties. (Marshall, May 15). RHODE ISLAND - Unspecified species caused minor damage to new growth of apple and crabapple in Barrington, Bristol County. (Mathewson). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - COLORADO - Adults appearing in light traps in Mesa County; pupal stage numerous in Montrose County. (Bulla). UTAH —- Caused moderate damage at Tooele and Erda, Tooele County; damaged untreated orchards in Utah County. (Knowlton). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy in peach trees in Franklin County; many larvae in pupal cells although some still feeding. (Pepper). CANKERWORMS - CONNECTICUT - This and various leaf-feeding caterpillars very common around State; damage quite noticeable in many orchards. (Savos). MISSOURI - Abundant in central and west central parts of State. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr: (Grs.)). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - MASSACHUSETTS - High temperatures brought adults into orchards in fair numbers. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - First of season collected at Glastonbury, Hartford County, on plums. (Savos). DELAWARE - Eggs present in peach in Kent County. (MacCreary). INDIANA - Adults active in orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Redfern, May 15). MICHIGAN - Adults readily found by jarring trees at Paw Paw,. Sodus and Bangor. Some feeding and egg laying apparent on plums. (Hutson). MISSOURI - Most areas past peak of activity but adults still present in numbers in all sections; especially - 517 - noticeable in untreated or poorly treated orchards. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). OKLAHOMA —- Damaged plum and peach crop in Mayes County area; this is new county record for pest. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Moderate, local infesta- tion in Falls County on plums and peaches, consisting of few adults and considerable larvae in fruit. (Hamman). PLUM GOUGER (Anthonomus scutellaris) - OKLAHOMA - Infested plums and peaches in Mayes County area; noted on native plums in Altus area, Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CLICK BEETLES - OREGON - Reported defoliating a young cherry orchard in Marion County severely enough to require controls. (Stephenson). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEW YORK - Abundant in all orchards checked in Oswego County May 4. Apparently hatched previous day. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpts STINK BUGS - MISSOURI - Activity in southeastern orchards heavier than for some seasons past. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - COLORADO - Light on apples in Garfield County, 1-5 colonies per tree. (Bulla). INDIANA - Caused curling of leaves in some orchards in central area. (Matthew, May 15). MICHIGAN - Difficult to find at Niles, Sodus, Paw Paw and Grand Rapids. (Hutson). OHIO - Relatively scarce due to active predation. (Cutright). MARYLAND - Control on apples in Hancock area, Washington County, satisfactory in spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Present on apple in Kent County. (MacCreary). CONNECTICUT - Easy to find but not serious in orchards in New Haven, New Haven County, and Plain- field, Windham County. (Savos). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Quite abundant in scattered spots at Storrs, Tolland County, in orchards. (Savos). COLORADO - Light on apples in Garfield County, 1-5 colonies per tree. (Bulla). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO —- Populations low on peach in Montrose County. (Bulla). APHIDS - NEW YORK - Feeding on foliage noted on untreated orchards in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). MISSOURI - Most orchards have excellent control. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). NEW MEXICO — Populations rare to light in all pecan orchards except one, with heavy numbers in Carlsbad area, Eddy County, May 10-11. (Coppock). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Nymphs active in Niantic, New London County, and severe on some trees at Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos). NEW YORK — Newly hatched nymphs appeared in lake zone orchard in Niagara Couto) May, ala Ne Yio Wikis. Rpt.) s THRIPS - MISSOURI - Unusually abundant in blossoms in orchards in southeastern area, (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) -— NEW YORK -— Noted in Hudson Valley May 7; some egg deposition. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). CONNECTICUT - Eggs hatched and larvae began tunnelling in Niantic, New London County. (Savos). MASSACHUSETTS —- Adult found at Waltham, Middlesex County. Egg laying expected to increase with return of higher temperatures. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) -— CONNECTICUT - Starting to build up in tree tops at Storrs, Tolicnd County. (Savos). NEW YORK - Hatching noted May 8 in Clinton County and May 4 in Orleans County. None hatched in Oswego County by May 11. (N. Y. “kly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Now in adult stage on apples in - 518 - New Brunswick area, Middlesex County; egg deposition expected. (Ins.-Dis.—Weed Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Populations building up on apple in Lycoming County. (Gesell). More numerous than usual in Adams County on apple. (Asquith). MARYLAND -— Numbers increasing in some apple orchards in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Hatching complete May 10. (Cutright). MICHIGAN -— Infestations, with discoloration apparent, on scattered Red Delicious apples at Coloma. (Hutson). INDIANA —- Now in second generation; rapid buildup expected in south central counties. (Marshall, May 15). MISSOURI - Most sec- tions of State report eggs abundant on apple foliage; considerable trouble expected if weather continues hot and dry. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - INDIANA - Adults, eggs and newly hatched nymphs found on apple trees in Vigo County May 17. (Matthew) . A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy populations damaged foliage in neglected and improperly treated apple and peach orchards in Taos and Rio Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MITES - NEW YORK - Feeding noted on untreated orchards in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). INDIANA - Averaged 3-7 per leaf in apple orchards in south central counties. (Marshall, May 15). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - NEW MEXICO - Found in 2 nurseries in Carlsbad area, Eddy County; survey in city negative. Approximately 3 percent of terminals in nurseries were or had been infested. Pupation recent; egg laying expected shortly. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy, local infestation caused consider- able damage to pecans in Brazos County; few moths beginning to emerge. (Randolph). ALABAMA — Present on pecans in Baldwin-Mobile County area; damage not noticeable. (Seibels). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - Damage not noticeable on pecans in Baldwin-Mobile County area. (Seibels). TEXAS - Treatment for first generation beginning in most areas of State; egg numbers range lighter to heavier than last year in various areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) -— OKLAHOMA - Light to heavy, scattered infestation occurring on pecan in Pauls Valley, Marietta and Durant areas. (Okla. Coop. Sux}: A CURCULIONID (Conotrachelus sp.) -— TEXAS - Larvae found in abundance in Hamilton County boring in pecan shoots and twigs; damage economic. (Lawrence) BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - Heavy populations caused moderate damage to pecans in Baldwin-Mobile County area. (Seibels). TEXAS - Light, local infestation noted on few trees in Denton County. (Turney). WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - UTAH - Present in low numbers at Tooele, Tooele County. (Knowlton). j Citrus Insect Situation in Florida — Mid-May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 40 percent of groves (norm 55 percent); 21 percent economic (orm 31 percent). Population at lowest level in 10 years. Increasing trend expected in early June. Time and rapidity of increase will depend largely on effectiveness of spring spray applications. Highest districts are upper east coast, Bartow and Indian River. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 43 percent of groves (norm 67 percent); 19 percent economic (norm 44 percent). Strong increasing trend began which will take population into high range in June in most districts. Highest districts are upper east coast, Brooksville, west coast and Orlando. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 49 percent of groves (norm 28 percent); 19 percent economic (norm 14 percent). = 519 = Population will increase rapidly, reaching summer peak about mid-—Tune. Infesta- tions will be more numerous and heavier than in prior years. Highest districts are upper east coast, ridge, Bartow and Brooksville. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 82 percent of groves (norm 83 percent); 16 percent economic (morm 21 percent). Situation similar to that of past 3 years. Very few infes- tations will be severe. Highest district is ridge. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysom- phalus aonidum) infested 27 percent of groves (norm 56 percent) ; 3 percent economic (norm 10 percent). Population far below average; parasites expected to keep infestations light in all districts. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 31 percent of groves (norm 23 percent); 11 percent economic (norm 9 percent). Summer brood will increase rapidly, reaching peak on twigs latter part of June to above normal level. Presently 70 percent of scales are in settled-crawler stage. Highest districts are Indian River and ridge. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson, Brooks (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred)). Coccids on Citrus in Florida — Lepidosaphes beckii, Parlatoria pergandii and Unaspis citri infestations light at Winter Park, Orange County, May 9; the latter present at Orlando, Orange County, May 8. (Fla. Coop. Sur.) SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - Lightly infested 5,000 orange trees at Plymouth, Orange County. (Pott, May 8). A LEAFHOPPER (Homalodisca coagulata) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestations, representing all stages, present on citrus trees in Cameron County; 20 per small tree noted. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Stephens). BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - WASHINGTON - Now hatching on cran- berries in Pacific and Grays Harbor Counties. (Kruiswyk). OREGON - Eggs hatched and young larvae observed webbing terminals of cranberry in Brandon area, May 10. Some controls being applied. (Goeden). A WEEVIL (Ampeloglypter ater) - VIRGINIA - Infested grapevines locally in Halifax County. (Amos, Hall, May 9). GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) - MARYLAND - Larvae caused some stunting of grapevines at Kensington, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS BLISTER BEETLES - TEXAS - Moderate, widespread infestations appearing in vege- table gardens in Refugio County. (Bredthauer). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - NEW JERSEY — Appearing on potatoes. (Ins-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). MARYLAND - Light to moderate on potatoes in Caroline, Dorchester and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Present on potatoes and beans in Sussex County; fairly common on some potatoes in Kent County. (Burbutis). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Slight increase on peppers in seedbeds in Sussex County; present on potatoes in Kent County. (Burbutis). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE —- Adults rather common on peppers in seedbed in Sussex County. (Burbutis). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEBRASKA —- Ranged 0-4 adults per 100 sweeps in Lycium halimifolium in Scotts Bluff area. (Hagen). POTATO’ FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - ALABAMA - Numerous on garden crops in Baldwin-Mobile County area. (Seibets). MARYLAND - Infested potatoes and tomatoes in Dorchester, Talbot and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Present on beans in Sussex County; numerous to abundant on some potatoes in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). - 520 - TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Infested potatoes and tomatoes in Dorchester, Talbot and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLEA BEETLES — NEW YORK - Active May 10 in Erie County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Damage becoming evident on potatoes. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant in all potato and tomato fields in York County, even where systemics used. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Phyllotreta spp. common on cabbage and other cole crops in home gardens on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy popula- tions causing considerable damage to potatoes in Pauls Valley area; up to 10 larvae and adults per plant. Also reported in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA — Moderate to heavy on home plantings in Chilton County. (Helms). MARYLAND - Egg laying continuing on potatoes in southern and central sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE —- First adults and eggs of season abundant on potatoes and tomatoes in one area of Sussex County. (Burbutis). FALSE POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa juncta) — ALABAMA - Extremely heavy on home plantings of potatoes in Mobile County. (Seibels). THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE etek trilineata) - DELAWARE - Adults common on potatoes locally in Sussex County. (Burbutis). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Egg masses common on peppers (4 per 100 plants) in seedbed in Sussex County; common on potatoes in Kent and on weeds in Sussex County. (Burbutis). CUCUMBER BEETLES - ALABAMA — Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi moderate on squash in Chilton County. (Helms). MARYLAND - Acalymma vittata adults 1-3 per plant on large planting of cucumbers at Hurlock, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - TEXAS - Light to moderate, widespread infestations on squash in Guadalupe County. (Tex. Coop. Rpt., Massey). MELONWORM (Diaphania hyalinata) - TEXAS - Damage to watermelons widespread in Brooks County; causing concern. (Murphy). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Fairly heavy on peas; alates, aptera and nymphs present. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Considerably increased in several large fields of peas in eastern Sussex County; counts in some fields averaged over 40 per sweep. (Burbutis). ALABAMA - Heavy on peas and beans in Baldwin-Mobile County area. (Seibels). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - GEORGIA — Heavy on beans in Coffee County. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Moderate, many larvae present, on peas and beans in Baldwin-Mobile County area (Seibels); heavy in Escambia and Monroe Counties (Lemons) ; and moderate in Chilton County (Helms). MARYLAND - First adults of season on beans at Cambridge, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) -— GEORGIA — Heavy on beans in Spalding County. (Dupree, May 8). MARYLAND — Adults continue abundant on young beans in central and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults common to numerous on beans throughout Sussex County, with a few fields showing rather heavy feeding. (Burbutis). VIRGINIA - Adults moderately severe on seedling beans in several home gardens in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, May 11). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA = Moderate on cabbage in Spalding County. (Dupree, May 7). NORTH DAKOTA - First adults observed in Richland County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - All instars common on cabbage in Sussex County. (Burbutis). to ely CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - VERMONT - Injury observed on cole crops recently set out. (MacCollom). HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - OKLAHOMA - Reported on garden plants in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA = Light on turnips in Baldwin- Mobile County area. (Seibels). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicor ne brassicae) - DELAWARE - Abundant on few plants locally in Sussex County. (Burbutis). FLORIDA - Infestations moderate to severe on collards at Mascotte, Lake County, May 11. (Henderson). YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma) - ALABAMA - Heavy on turnips in Mobile-Baldwin County area. (Seibels). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Collected on sweetpotato at White Springs, Hamilton County, April 26; at Goulds, Dade County, April 13; at Miami, Dade County, April 19; and at Jennings, Hamilton County, Aprabl2 on eaDe te Dye He laut teres) (ila. Coops (Sur). TORTOISE BEETLES — ALABAMA —- Metriona bicolor, Agroiconota bivittata and Deloyala guttata moderate on sweetpotatoes in Baldwin-Mobile County area. (Seibels) . ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - First observed in Parma area, Canyon County, April 25. By May 7, many adults noted in small planting of onions and closely related plant species at Branch Experiment Station. Reported numerous in onion bulb field in the area. (Scott). LESSER BULB FLY (Eumeris tuberculatus) - IDAHO -— Numerous in onion bulb field near Parma, Canyon County. (Scott). ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - First C. asparagi adults of season collected at East Greenwich, Kent County, May 17. (Mathewson). VERMONT - Adults of C. asparagi prevalent. (MacCollom). VIRGINIA —- C. asparagi light on asparagus locally near Midlothian, Chesterfield County, and C. duodecimpunctata light on asparagus locally in Montgomery County. (Tarpley). WISCONSIN - C. asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata reported very common on asparagus in Dane County. Presently laying eggs. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO — Movement into Gooding, Jerome and Lincoln Counties expected to be light this year; movement into western Twin Falls County may be higher than in 1961, although controls should materially reduce potential movement. If normal conditions occur, peak of movement will be last week of June. Tests on adults taken in spring surveys indicate adults in Perrine-Jerome area were 7.5 percent viruliferous; 5 percent in western Sailor Creek area and 21.9 percent in central Sailor Creek area, Viruliferous adults about normal in Mountain Home area. (Evans). STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - WYOMING - Larvae caused light damage to beet seedlings in Goshen County in scattered areas, Counts under 1 per square foot, few adults found. (Fullerton). A HOP NEMATODE (Heterodera humuli) - WASHINGTON - Recovered from soil at Orting and Roy, Pierce County, and intercepted on imported hop cuttings consigned to Roy. Det. by G. S. Cobb. (Brown, Nakahara). STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - WASHINGTON - Infestations light; alatoid nymphs appeared May 10 on strawberry in Vancouver area, Clark County. (Shanks). FOXGLOVE APHID (Myzus solani) - WASHINGTON -— Becoming numerous on strawberries near Vancouver, Clark County. (Shanks). - 522 - SPITTLEBUGS - INDIANA - Unspecified species very much evident, with some damage to strawberries in south central counties. (Marshall, May 15). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WASHINGTON - Heavy infestations on untreated strawberries near Vancouver, Clark County. (Shanks). STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - MARYLAND - Larvae caused light injury to new strawberry plantings at Princess Anne, Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - MARYLAND - Larvae noted in cut straw- berry buds at Glendale, Prince Georges County.(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). . A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) - MARYLAND - Building up to economic levels on strawberries at Glendale, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO INSECTS WIREWORMS (Conoderus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - C. vespertinus heavily damaging tobacco in Bertie County; infestation 40-90 percent. (Rabb) . C. vespertinus) primarily responsible for injury to 3 tobacco fields in Bladen County, 3 in Duplin County, 2 in Jones County and 1 in Lenoir County. Also comprised part of mixed population in 2 Onslow County fields. Some of above-mentioned fields reset; all reset at least once and some 3 times. Original infestation in many fields estimated at 20-30 percent, some up to 90 percent. C. falli infesting 2 tobacco plantings in Pender County and 2 in Onslow County; infestations 20-50 percent. C. lividus causing considerable damage to a tobacco planting in Jones County; infestation 80-90 percent and this species comprised approximately 40 percent of wireworms present. C. lividus also present in Onslow, Duplin and Lenoir Counties. Pupae of undetermined species collected in Jones and Onslow Counties. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Mount). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage to tobacco greater than at any time in past years; C. vespertinus and C. falli involved in problem. Both species present in Horry County; many growers requesting control information in Dillon County. Controls generally good in Williamsburg County, although several partial failures have appeared. C. vespertinus infes- tation in Marion County worst ever observed, resulting in large number of growers resetting fields. (Nettles et al.). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Mitchell, Colquitt, Irwin, Coffee, Bacon and Jeff Davis Counties. (Johnson). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on tobacco in Mitchell, Colquitt, Irwin, Coffee, Bacon and Jeff Davis Counties. (Johnson) . A HORNWORM — GEORGIA —- Egg deposition by an unspecified species moderate to heavy on tobacco in Colquitt, Irwin, Coffee, Bacon and Jeff Davis Counties. . (Johnson) . COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Weather conditions continue unfavorable for activity in McLennan and Falls Counties. Adults averaged 9 and ranged 0-250 per acre, This compares with 2 per acre during corresponding week of 1961; 2 weevils collected on flight screens. (Cowan, Davis). Appearing in field margins adjacent to hibernation quarters in southern area; infestations light.- (Deer). LOUISIANA - Only one adult found in field in Tallulah area. Emergence remains light in hiber- nation cages; few taken during May on trap plantings of fruiting cotton in Madison Parish, Activity abnormally low for time of year; will remain so until rains occur. (Smith et al.). ALABAMA - Overwintering weevils observed blasting terminals of seedling cotton in Lowndes County. (Buttram). =, BPS) PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) — ARKANSAS - Controls applied to one field in Monroe County; apparently migrated into cotton from nearby cocklebur. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WIREWORMS -— SOUTH CAROLINA - Some damage to cotton seedlings by unspecified species present in Clarendon County. (Nettles et al.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - TEXAS - Total of 2 eggs and 4 larvae observed in 3 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan, Davis). Some light infesta- tions in coastal bend and southern areas; most cotton in other areas too young to be damaged. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Presently not a problem in Tallulah area; no cotton fruiting. (Smith et al.). GEORGIA - Of 40 cotton fields examined in southern area, 15 infested with eggs and larvae; eggs ranged 5-21 and averaged 6 per 100 terminals; larvae ranged 1-4 and averaged 3 per 100 terminals. (Johnson). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Collected on wild cotton at Ft. Myers, Lee County, April 23. Det. by C. H. Lauffer. (Brown). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Medium populations damaging cotton foliage in some portions of central and southwestern areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - GEORGIA - Probably this species, heavy on cotton in Bacon County. (Morgan, Johnson) . COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Infestations heavy and requiring controls in Escambia County. (Buttram). TEXAS - Light in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan, Davis). Generally light to moderate, except for some areas in coastal bend and southern sections where few heavy infestations have developed. Parasitism rather high in latter sections. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - ARIZONA - Counts of 10 per 100 sweeps present in some central area cotton. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Adults found in few early planted fields in McLennan and Falls Counties and nymphs found in few fields before application of controls. (Cowan, Davis). A BLACK FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on cotton in central area; populations considerably lower than at same time in 1961. Combination of fleahoppers and lygus bugs causing 50 percent square loss in many fields which are squaring; maximum number of squares about 5 per plant, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA —- Light adult populations present in many central area cotton fields; adult migration several weeks earlier than normal. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). THRIPS - ARIZONA —- Populations declining in most areas but continue damaging foliage in some south central area cotton. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Causing moderate to heavy damage in many fields in Hatch area, Dona Ana County. Controls being applied; cotton in 4-6 leaf stage. Light to moderate populations in scattered fields in Mesilla Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - General infes-— tations occurred over McLennan and Falls County area; migration continuing, Infestations in untreated fields were as follows: Heavy in 5, medium in 9, light in 14 fields. High percentage of fields now treated, but continued protection will be needed. (Cowan, Davis). Infestations very spotted over State; generally lighter in southern portion than in other areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Generally light on older cotton in Tallulah area, but nymphs appearing; treatment becoming general. Infestations expected to increase rapidly during next 7 days in late-planted cotton unless rainfall occurs. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS —- Light infestations found in most cotton fields. Banded species predominate. Numbers few due to warm weather, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cotton in Houston, Dooly, Sumter, Calhoun, Early, Mitchell, Jeff Davis, Treutlen,Johnson, - 524 - Colquitt, Irwin, Coffee, Bacon and Washington Counties; heavy in Oconee and Morgan Counties. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - First found in Chesterfield County cotton on May 10. (Nettles et al.). SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Several species range generally light to moderate; few heavy infestations have appeared in southern area. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Weather of the Week Ending May 21 (cont'd from page 508) two farms were torn up by a tornado and water was reported to have been pulled from a canal by a twister near North Platte, Nebraska. East of Dodge City, Kansas, a tornado ripped a patch of destruction 1 mile wide and 15 miles long. In Texas, moisture continues critically short in most sections, with little or no rainfall since May 1. Many stations reported that the first 3 weeks of May have been the driest such period on record. Drought continues to plague nonirrigated areas of Florida as showers were few and far between. Little precipitation was observed in much of the remainder of the southeast and westward to Louisiana where the situation parallels that of Texas. Most of the State of Indiana has had no rain since May 11. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). - 525 - FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus diffinis) - FLORIDA - Collected on Mimosa sp. at Williston, Levy County, by A. E. Graham on December 6, 1961, for a new State record. Det. by H. Morrison. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A CRESCENT-GALL POPLAR APHID (Cornaphis populi) - UTAH - Collected at Garden City, Rich County, on August 16, 1960, by C. F. Smith and G. F. Knowlton. Det. by G. F. Knowlton. (Knowlton). According to available records, this species is new to Utah. PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Cool temperatures in area of Bayfield County, where this species is a prime pest, have caused defoliation to diminish somewhat. Warmer temperatures will accentuate amount of defoliation and present better picture of extent of damage. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ARKANSAS - First-generation larvae pupating in southern part of State; approximately 50-75 percent in pupal stage. Adult emergence expected by May 25. Grikeeeins. Sura)s EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WASHINGTON - Large numbers found on ornamentals in residential area south of Bellingham, Whatcom County. (Eide). INDIANA - In final instar in Fulton County; first pupa of season found in county on May 17. (Schuder). A LEAF ROLLER (Tortrix pallorana) - INDIANA - Damaging terminals of Scotch pine in Pulaski County; first pupa found May 17. (Schuder). PALES WEEVIL (H ylobius pales) - PENNSYLVANIA - Severely debarked one-year-old and seedling Scotch pines planted this spring in cut area in Juniata County; as many as 9 weevils present at base of year-old plants. (Udine). NEW YORK - Emergence indicated by collection of adult on Long Island. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Only light feeding noted in Perry, Cumberland and Fulton Counties, in areas where damage was moderate to severe during 1961. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). NEW YORK - Noted in Chemung County on Douglas-fir. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestations range light to heavy On white pine Over State; crawlers present throughout south central counties. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - PENNSYLVANIA - Appearing on white pine, Scotch pine and larch in south central counties. Moderate infestation exists at Sideling Hill, Fulton County; spittle masses present on nearly every twig of numerous white pine reproduction. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). MARYLAND - Spittle masses common on Virginia pines in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. QS Md,’ Ent). Dept. ))- PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Hatched and settled on Sctoch pine in Lycoming County, May 10. (Gesell). Heavy in plantings of white, red, Scotch and mugho pines in Westmoreland, Luzerne and Schuylkill Counties. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). NEW YORK - Very severe and caused considerable damage to mugho and Scotch pires throughout State. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). RHODE ISLAND - Has not yet hatched. (Mathewson). A RED-PINE SCALE (Matsucoccus resinosae) - NEW YORK - Adult female and group of well-developed nymphs found in Westchester County May 10. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestation of Pinus sp. noted in Mercer County, May 10. (Simons). INDIANA - Fourth instar present in Perry County. This is a new county record. (Schuder). = B43 = RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - PENNSYLVANIA - Egg laying noted May 10 on Scotch pine in Snyder County. (Gesell). NORTH CAROLINA - Seriously defoliating approximately 50 acres of loblolly pine in Craven County. (Fox, N. C. For. Serv.). PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - MARYLAND - Larvae of N. pratti pratti generally infesting Virginia pines in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Neodiprion spp. infesting Pinus taeda in nursery near Richmond (Freund) and moderate on pine in Montpelier-Beaverdam section of Hanover County (Sanders). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - First generation now present through- out southeastern part of State. Numbers have not yet reached epidemic proportions, but a recurrence of the 1961 infestation is very possible. (Dry, Cancienne). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NEW YORK - Moderate to heavy, locally in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). PENNSYLVANIA - Only few tents noted on native cherry in western part of State; heaviest in 2-3 locations. (Yackley). Rather light in Snyder County (Negley, Balsbaugh), and only few noted in Juniata, Blair and Indiana Counties (Udine). Populations very light through- out southern part of State. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - COLORADO - Defoliating cottonwood trees in Otero County. (Schweissing). NEW YORK - Second and third instars feeding on native cherry in all 5 borougns of New York City. (Schiff). GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) - DELAWARE - Larvae feeding on apple and elms in Sussex County. (Kelsey). | SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - WISCONSIN - First to third instars feeding heavily on elms in Waukesha County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Abundant in west and west-southwest districts; beginning to defoliate hackberry and elms; larvae ranged 2-6 per leaf. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Causing severe defoliation of elms in north central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). NEW YORK - First and second instars feeding in Forest Park, Queens; treatment applied May 15-16. (Schiff). CANKERWORMS - CONNECTICUT - Various species feeding on foliage of large number of trees; injury quite noticeabl2. (Savos). NEW JERSEY - Unspecified species active on shade trees. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - ALABAMA - Larvae infesting willows in Mobile County. (Seibels). LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) -—- PENNSYLVANIA - Lightly defoliating larch in Perry, Cumberland, Franklin, Fulton and Somerset Counties. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). LEAF ROLLERS - UTAH - Undetermined species damaging foliage of native oaks in Farmington-Kaysville area, Davis County: (Knowlton). COLORADO - An undetermined black-headed species very numerous on apple, crabapple, hawthorn, rose and other ornamental shrubs in Denver. (Gundell). A CLEARWING MOTH - UTAH - Larvae of an undetermined species killing ash trees at Springville, Utah County. Cast pupal skins in tunnels indicate adults apparently have been emerging in numbers. (Knowlton). POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - TEXAS - Larvae damaged cottonwood trees in Guadalupe County. (Massey). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - First observed in Parma area, Canyon County, April 26; little feeding activity to May 18. (Scott). UTAH - Few adults noted in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Eggs =O 2h hatching on Chinese elms and other ornamentals in Mesa County. (Bulla). TEXAS - Severe outbreak which occurred in fall of 1961 in Motley County being followed by new sping generation which is damaging elms. (Pallmeyer). OKLAHOMA - Larvae causing considerable damage to elms in Stillwater area, Payne County. First egg laying of season reported from Kiowa and Okmulgee Counties; activity also reported in Kingfisher, Blaine, Murray, Delaware and Noble Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Hatching of first generation eggs nearly complete; larvae approximately one-half to three-fourths grown. Crikey Ins se Suri) ILLINOIS - Larvae feeding on leaves of Chinese elms in Champaign County, May 17. (English). IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) - DELAWARE - Adults common on willows in Sussex and western portion of Kent Counties. (Burbutis). MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - INDIANA - Causing defoliation of hard maples in West Lafayette, Tippecanoe County. (Schuder). POPLAR-AND-WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi) - IDAHO - Larvae feeding on wood of basal stems of willow along Boise River, near Caldwell, Canyon County. (Furniss). PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifoliae) - DELAWARE - Common on maple in area of Sussex County. (MacCreary). A LEAF-CURL ASH APHID (Prociphilus fraxinifolii) - NEVADA - Medium populations present on ash trees in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel). EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - IDAHO - Infestations present on treated and untreated elms in Lewiston, Nez Perce County. (Kambitch, Portman). TERRAPIN SCALE (Lecanium nigrofasciatum) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy infestation pre- sent on oaks in Chesterfield County. (Nettles et al.). A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium minus) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Severe and general infestation in Fulton and Bedford Counties. Primarily infesting chestnut oak on poorer sites and causing much dieback. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). GALL INSECTS - NORTH CAROLINA - Undetermined species infesting maple in Caldwell County. (Mount). PENNSYLVANIA - Several species forming galls on oak in Adams, Franklin and York Counties. (Pepper). INDIANA - Galls of Andricus palustris common on many pin oaks over State. (Schuder). UTAH - Galls of unspecified species serious on twigs of native oaks in many parts of State. (Knowlton). BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults active; eggs will soon hatch in earliest areas. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Now active and homeowners should apply controls. (Savos). NEW YORK - Noted in Chemung County. Adults active in State but cool weather slowed development of eggs and mines. Mines started in Weschester County May 10; controls recommended. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). PENNSYLVANIA - Laying eggs on birch in Blair County, May 15; averaged one adult per leaf. (Udine). DELAWARE - Eggs hatched May 15 in Newark area, New Castle County. (Connell). MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - NEW YORK - Noted in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). PENNSYLVANIA - Galls began forming on silver maple in Dauphin County the first week of May, and in Somerset County on same host the following week. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). MARYLAND - Galls present on maples in Carroll, Prince Georges and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Complaints numerous from homeowners in Indianapolis area, Marion County. (Schuder). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Many present in Westmore- land County; problem can be expected this year. (Yackley). ARKANSAS - Eggs hatching. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Present on shrubs in Cherokee County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Most eggs hatched in Chautauqua County, but still in bags May 9. (Gates). - 528 - ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) - MARYLAND - Heavy numbers of pupae noted in arborvitae at Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A CYPRESS MOTH (Argyresthia sp.) - WASHINGTON - Attacking tips of ornamental cedar near Vancouver, Clark County; cocoons present May 7. (Shanks). DOGWOOD BORER (Thamnosphecia scitula) - PENNSYLVANIA - Full grown larvae in dogwood in Franklin County, May 15. (Pepper). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - NEW YORK - Injured chrysanthemums in outside beds latter part of April in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). A SEAGRAPE BORER (Hexeris enhydris) —- FLORIDA - Moderate on 1,800 Coccoloba uvifera at Merritt Island, Brevard County, May 7. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A NOCTUID (Xenociris wilsoni) - TEXAS - Heavy, local population attacking jonquil foliage in Brazos County. (Alex). LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults observed in Westmoreland County week of April 30. (Yackley). ARBORVITAE WEEVIL (Phyllobius intrusus) - NEW YORK — Pupa and several larvae collected on Long Island. N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). A FLEA BEETLE (Blepharida rhois) - MISSOURI - Feeding on smoketrees in east central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - Moderate on Photinia deflexa at Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County, April 27. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - NEVADA - Rhopalosiphum berberidis heavy on barberry in Reno, Washoe County. (Bechtel). UTAH - Anuraphis viburnicola causing some damage at Tooele- Grantsville area, Tooele County, and causing moderate leaf curling from Pleasant Grove to Spanish Fork in Utah County. Damage to May 18 common but below usual severity in various central area communities. (Knowlton). AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - MARYLAND - Nymphs infesting azaleas in Prince Georges County and at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on Kalanchoe sp. and Vinca sp. in greenhouse in Peace Dale, Washington County. (Mathewson). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - IDAHO - Infesting crabapple trees in Cottonwood, Idaho County. (Portman). AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Heavily infested home plantings of Rhododendron sp. in York County. (Pepper). A MINING SCALE (Pseudaonidia clavigera) - FLORIDA - Infested Rhododendron sp. (May 3), Macadamia sp. (May 4) and Camellia japonica (May 14) at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Coccids in Florida - Aspidiotus ancylus and A. osborni infested Quercus sp. at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County (Apr. 9). Asterolecanium epidendri severely infested 50 Anthurium plants at Tampa, Hillsborough County (Jan. 2), and A. pustulans was moderate on Grevillea sp. at Eagle Lake, Polk County (May 4) and ranged moderate to severe on Bursera simaruba at Davie, Broward County Giana) Both species of Asterolecanium determined by L. M. Russell. Fiorinia theae severely infested Camellia sp. and Ilex sp. at Tampa (May 8) and was moderate on Camellia sp. at Lake Jem, Lake County (May 9). Phenacaspis cockerelli was moderate on Strelitzia sp. at Merritt Island, Brevard County (May 7) and light on unknown species of bay at Arcadia, De Soto County (May 8). Toumeyella liriodendri moderately infested Magnolia soulangeana at Longwood, Lake County (May 7). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). = 929) = A COCCID (Aspidiotus sp.) - WASHINGTON - Severe on ornamental Colorado blue spruce trees in Ellensburg, Kittitas County. (Brannon, Scott). ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae)- UTAH - Badly discolored some rose gardens in Pleasant Grove-Provo area, Utah County, and in Salt Lake City area, (Knowlton). BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on boxwood at Virginia Polytechnic Institute campus, Blacksburg, Montgomery County. (Tarpley, Pienkowski). NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - RHODE ISLAND - Mines still contain pupae. (Mathewson). NEW YORK - Emerged from American holly in various locations in western Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). NEW JERSEY - Adults now emerging. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults emerging from American holly in Butler County May 12. (Simons). BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - DELAWARE - Adults emerging from American boxwood in New Castle County. (Kelsey). A JUNIPER TIP MIDGE (Oligotrophus sp.) - INDIANA - Heavy in juniper near Indiana- polis, Marion County; adults have been emerging in large numbers since April 30. (Schuder). ROSE-SLUG (Endelomyia aethiops) - MISSOURI - Abundant on roses in central area. QigkvA Rpt arm Grse)l. SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - NEW YORK - Active on junipers in nursery near Smithtown, Suffolk County, May 7. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Caused heavy injury to hemlocks and Norway spruce on several properties in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Heavy populations damaging various ornamental plantings, especially evergreens, over the State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - An undeter- mined species noted on young sweetpea plants in Stillwater area, Payne County; also reported on ornamentals in Cotton County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Undetermined species infesting arborvitae at Rockville, Montgomery County, and street maples at Glennridge, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Unspecified species abundant on Boston ivy on houses in several areas of Sussex County. (Burbutis). Heavy infestation of Eurytetranychus buxi found on boxwood at Newark, New Castle County. (Connell). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS A SAND FLY (Culicoides blantoni) - TEXAS - A male and female collected in a light trap at a residence 6 miles northeast of Brownsville, Cameron County, by R. B. Eads on February 19, 1962. Det. by W. W. Wirth. This is a new United States record, (Gaines). SAND FLIES - UTAH - Unspecified species seriously annoying to residents in Grantsville-Dolomite area, Tooele County, and in area northwest of Salt Lake City. (Knowlton, Collett). WISCONSIN - Unspecified species a problem in Wood County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND -Culicoides spp. causing considerable annoyance to humans at Whitehaven, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LAKE MIDGES (Tendipes spp.) - WISCONSIN - Mostly T. plumosus, began emerging in Lake Winnebago area May 10. Populations heavy, but less severe than in 1961. Emergence date of T. plumosus is 2 days earlier than in 1961. (Wiis) Ins#e Surs))s MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Moderately annoying at Tooele, Grantsville and Burmeister, Tooele County. More treatment than usual has been necessary this spring in Salt Lake County. (Collett, Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Culiseta inornata abundant in north central part of State. (Rapp). NORTH DAKOTA - Aedes spencerii emerged in Cass County; fourth stage larvae of Aedes flavescens collected May 17; no Aedes vexans - 530 - larvae collected to May 18. (Noetzel). Culiseta inornata adults collected in light trap at Fargo, Cass County; Aedes dorsalis adults present in Richland County. (Frye). WISCONSIN - Adults of unspecified species emerging in greater numbers, particularly in northern part of State, Larval counts in Dane County show good potential for Aedes vexans, which should be emerging by May 25. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA - Infestation of unspecified species heavier than usual in Monroeville, Monroe County. (Lemons). BLACK FLIES - MISSOURI - Isolated infestations of Simulium spp. observed in west central and northwest areas; in northwest, S. vittatum feeding on heads of laying hens. In west central area, Simulium spp. feeding in ears of horses. (Munson , Thomas, Wood). KANSAS —- Simulium vittatum abundant on cattle resting under trees in shelter belts along a creek in Stafford County (south central). (Downe). NEBRASKA - High populations of undetermined species present in Saline County. (Rapp). WISCONSIN - Unknown species a problem in wooded areas in Calumet County and in area near Arena, Iowa County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - Undeter- mined species continue troublesome in rural areas. (Mathewson, Kerr, Hyland). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - VERMONT - Populations building up rapidly in all areas. (MacCollom). ALABAMA - Becoming more of a problem around homes in Chilton County. (Buttram). OKLAHOMA - Populations continue light in Stillwater area, Payne County; only light populations observed in Marietta area, Love County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Numerous about some farms in Tooele-Grantsville area, Tooele County. (Knowlton, Collett). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VERMONT - Low numbers observed on cattle in most areas. (MacCollom). PENNSYLVANIA —- Plentiful about cattle in York County. (Pepper). INDIANA - Averaged less than one per head in Grant County, eastern area. (Dobson). Remains low in Tippecanoe County; averaged 2-7 per animal. (Laemmlen). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-11 (averaged 3.6) per face on herds in northeast district; 0.5-1.5 (averaged 0.9) in central district; and 0-0.1 (averaged 0.03) in west- southwest district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - TEXAS - Numerous in most parts of State; farmers continue to apply controls. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Populations in Stillwater area, Payne County, remain about same as previously reported. Counts of 150-400 per head on cows common throughout south central area; increasing populations reported in Ottawa County, northeast area. Activity reported through- out State, with 100-150 per head on cows reported in Duncan area, Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 2.9 per animal in northeast district; ranged 0-400 (averaged 46) per animal in central district and 0-500 (averaged 123) in west-southwest district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per head on dairy animals in Stillwater area, Payne County. Counts of 0-3 per head observed on yearlings at Marietta, Love County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs reported numerous on hairs of dairy cattle in a herd in York County. (Pepper). BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - INDIANA - Nearly full-grown larvae infested dehorned calves in Dubois County, May 3; infested 9 of 76 calves. (Dobson). KANSAS - Unidentified screw-worm reported infesting dehorning wounds in Riley County, week ending May 11, has’ been determined as this species. (Downe, Pitts, Peters). See CEIR 12(20) :498. BLOW FLIES - OKLAHOMA - Several cases of infestations of Phaenicia sp. in dogs have been recorded in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Unspecified species numerous about some farms in Tooele-Grantsville area, Tooele County. Also extremely numerous about pig farms in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Collett). TABANIDS - FLORIDA - Tabanus vittiger guatemalanus collected in blacklight trap at = 531 - Stock Island, Monroe County, April 18. This is the second specimen for the Florida State Collection. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavy populations of undetermined species occurred in Yell, Logan and Scott Counties (west central). (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Tabanus lasiophthalmus feeding around briskets and udders of beef cattle in south central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). INDIANA - Tabanus sp. present on cattle in eastern part of State. (Dobson). WISCONSIN - Unspecified species of deer flies particularly annoying in Marinette County near woods. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations a problem in and around homes in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Causing concern to some homeowners in Stillwater area, Payne County, by invading homes. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Heavy infestations reported in central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). MARYLAND - Larvae found in homes in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - OKLAHOMA - Continues to create con- cern to picnickers in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Heavy on horses and other animals in northern portion of State. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). NEBRASKA - Abundant and active in Knox County area. (Rapp). MARYLAND - Occurred on humans at several locations in central and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Present statewide. (Mathewson, Cartier, Hannah). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - TEXAS - Heavy on cattle and horses and in lawns and wooded areas in Upshur County. (Henry). OKLAHOMA - Populations high on livestock throughout south central area and in eastern third of State. Controls being conducted in these areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Heavy infestations reported in central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). TICKS — WISCONSIN - Reports from northern counties indicate populations of unspecified species continue to be serious, although no greater than in other yeanseyes@Was). ‘nisi; iSur=)i. A SCORPION - MONTANA - Child in Brady, Pondera County, bitten by undetermined species, with little after effects. (Roemhild). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - CONNECTICUT - Workers and swarmers very much in evidence. (Savos). CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) - MICHIGAN - Reproductives repeatedly reported within past 2 weeks from Benton Harbor, Detroit, Grand Rapids and Lansing. (Hutson). CARPENTER BEES - VIRGINIA - Undetermined species present in home and caused some damage to redwood boards. (Amos, May 8). MARYLAND - Xylocopa virginica active in porch bench at Spencerville, Montgomery County, April 30. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). EARWIGS — ALABAMA - Unspecified species causing concern throughout Chilton County about homes. (Buttram). A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - ARIZONA - Heavy, nymphal populations moving into some Phoenix area, Maricopa County, housing areas located near desert, (Ariz. Coop. Sur). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MICHIGAN - Infestations in households more common. (Hutson). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - CONNECTICUT - Reproduc- tives swarmed in buildings and homes since January; peak April 20 to May 10. More - 532 - than 60 identifications made, over 75 other cases reported. Majority of cases from southern half of State and Connecticut River Valley. Recent additional reports from Hartford, Hartford County. (Johnson). PENNSYLVANIA - Infested home at Harrisburg, Dauphin County. (Balsbaugh). Caused some damage to home in Indiana County. (Udine). Damage to flooring of building in Williamsport, Lycoming County, probably caused by this species. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). RHODE ISLAND - Appearance of alates causing statewide inquiries. (Mathewson , Cartier, Hannah). A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes tibialis) - OKLAHOMA - Continues to swarm occasionally in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MONTANA - Infested house in Mills City, Custer County. (Roemhild). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW YORK - Numerous reports from Horseheads area, Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). NEW JERSEY - Continues present in State. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 15). PENNSYLVANIA - Swarmed over sides of house at Galeton, Potter County. (Pa. For. Pest. Rpt., May). MARYLAND - Common on porch of home in Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Nuisance in home in Richmond, Henrico County. (T. L. Bissell, May 3). WISCONSIN - Generally a nuisance throughout State in homes. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MONTANA - Scattered reports indicate general nuisance statewide in homes. (Roemhild). PSEUDOSCORPIONS —- MONTANA - Several houses in area east of the mountains invaded, (Roemhild). A MILLIPED (Narceus americanus) - VIRGINIA - Common around home in Richmond, Henrico County. (T. L. Bissell, May 3). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) - NEVADA - Light infestation occurred in milo and mixed feed in small mill-feedstore in Overton, Clark County; this is first record for county and second record for State. (Bechtel). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults of Hippodamia convergens and H. glacialis present in alfalfa in Richland and Sargent Counties; 2 per 10 sweeps. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Unspecified species ranged 10-30 per 100 sweeps. (Hintz). Observed active in winter wheat plots. (Howe). Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris and H. convergens ranged 10-12 and 15-18, respectivly, on sticky boards at Northern Grain Insect Research Laboratory, Brookings, Brookings County, May 14-15. (Spawn, Hintz). WYOMING - Counts of several species averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in small grains and 20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Goshen, Niobrara, Crook, Weston, Campbell and Sheridan Counties. (Fullerton). IDAHO - Numerous species ranged 1-5 per sweep in alfalfa in Lewiston and Lapwai areas. (Kambitsch, Portman, Halfhill). UTAH - Various species becoming numerous in alfalfa at Tooele and Grantsville where pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) becoming moderately abundant. Very abundant in alfalfa in Delta and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Egg masses numerous on apple trees in Doniphan County, mainly H. convergens on May 7. (Eshbaugh). Larvae very numerous and active on alfalfa in southeast and east central areas; counts up to 5 adults and 15 larvae per sweep. Many fields had only trace of aphids due to lady beetle activity. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Several species ranged light to heavy on all crops and ornamentals throughout State. (Okla, Coops Sur.) ILLINOIS - Adults of several species averaged 212 per 100 sweeps in northeast and averaged 103 in east districts on clover and alfalfa, Larvae veried 0-600 (average 212) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in east district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Chilocorus stigma destroyed 90 percent of pine needle scale (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) in Lycoming County. (Gesell, May 10). VIRGINIA - Adult Anatis quinquedecimpunctata collected from Bedford, Bedford County. (Tarpley). Larvae of undetermined species collected on alfalfa in Charlottesville, Albemarle County. (Tarpley, Smith, May 11). Olla abdominalis var. sobrina collected from willow oak infested with oak lecanium (Lecanium quercifex) at Crewe, Nottoway County. (Tarpley, Schilling, May 7). HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - NEW YORK - Pollination conditions mostly poor in Niagara County; some flights occurred on May 6, 7, 10 and 1l. Activity good for all apple varieties in Ulster County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). RHODE ISLAND Strong colonies building swarm cells in Kingston, Washington County; unconfirmed report of first swarm. (Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - Swarming occurring in many parts of State. (Savos). DAMSEL BUGS - UTAH - Nabis alternatus present on alfalfa in Tooele and Grantsville, Tooele County. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Nabis sp. varied 0-200 (average 87) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northeast district and 0-150 (average 47) on same plants in east district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - N. roseipennis present in alfalfa in southern Richland County; 15 per 10 sweeps. (N.D.Ins.Sur.). FLOWER FLIES - TEXAS - Larvae of Baccha sp. very common on cotton in Nueces County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Nolan, Sublett, Wendleton). UTAH - Unspecified species becoming numerous in Tooele and Grantsville alfalfa where pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) is becoming moderately abundant. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Larvae observed in small numbers in east, central, west and northwest districts in clover and alfalfa. Gane ins Rpt): MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - VIRGINIA - Severe in Albemarle County; widespread from Scottsville to Gordonsville (Smith); several occurrences reported near Manassas, Prince William County; also present at Triangle in southeastern part of County (Grove); adults medium to severe in spots throughout Fluvanna County; present by thousands in some parts of county, lesser numbers present in other areas (Watts). Reported present in Prince William, Spotsylvania, Prince Edward, Appomattox, Henrico, Albemarle and Fluvanna Counties to May 19. (Tarpley). MARYLAND - First adults appeared May 15 at West Annapolis, Anne Arundel County; 25 males and females collected. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Appearance due about June 1 in 18 eastern counties viz. Pike, Luzerne, Monroe, Carbon, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Dauphin, Lebanon, Potter, Lancaster, Berks, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester, Delaware, Northampton, Wyoming and Philadelphia. This brood is one of 9 in State and last appeared in 1945. (Pa. For. Pest. Rpt., May). CONNECTICUT - Presently tunnelled to surface in areas of known distribution. (Savos). LOUISIANA - Heavy, isolated infestations of Brood XXII, 13-year race, occurring in Baton Rouge area. Continuous droning of adults caused considerable annoyance to residents; thousands of nymphal casts seen in areas of emergence. (Dry, Cancienne). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Collections made in 6 townships in Pinellas County and 3 townships in Polk County; det. J. A. West. @ilay iGoop,)) Sur.) WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) - UTAH - Active and keeping farm and range areas cleared in parts of Tooele County; becoming a serious pest. (Knowlton). A SCARAB BEETLE (Anomala binotata) - MARYLAND - Adults coming from soil appeared at lights in Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga tristis) - NEW YORK - Adults collected in Chemung County. Gite Wily Rip tien Maya) ip JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae almost full grown in Westmoreland County; early emergence anticipated. (Yackley). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Full-grown larvae collected - 534 - from garden soil in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 14). Steinertrap in Miami, Dade County, May 4. Anastrepha nigrifascia collected in McPhail trap at Key West, Monroe County, May 10. (Forsyth). FRUIT FLIES - FLORIDA - PAPAYA FRUIT FLY (Toxotrypana curvicauda) collected in (Fry). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicura) - VIRGINIA - Adults common at Newport News on several ornamental plants; all speciemns collected apparently killed by fungus disease. (Amos, McBride). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations attacking various broadleaf plants in Coke County. (Lindsey). DELAWARE - Adults fairly common in blacklight trap in Sussex County. (Burbutis). SPICE-BUSH SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio troilus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous adults flying in Cumberland County. (Balsbaugh). WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - UTAH - Adults more numerous than for several years in northern part of State. (Knowlton). MILLIPEDS - WISCONSIN - Unspecified species caused considerable concern in Dane County; although uncorroborated, there is indication that some sod injury occurred. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(19):453 - MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) - Delete note for Wisconsin. Should read: MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) -— WISCONSIN - Eggs hatched in alfalfa in Rock and Marquette Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur., May 4). CEIR 12(19):460 - Sixth line from bottom of page: CITRUS RUST MITE (Panonychus citri) should read CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri). CEIR 12(20):498 - A SCREW-WORM - KANSAS - Larvae of undetermined species infesting dehorning wounds in Riley County, have been determined as BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina). (Downe, Pitts, Peters). CEIR 12(20):479, 494 - A MINING SCALE (Pseudaonidia claviger) should be Pseudaonidia clavigera. ADDITIONAL NOTES CALIFORNIA - Heavy, larval populations of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) occurred in alfalfa and barley in Santee, San Diego County. Medium, larval infestation of WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) on corn leaves in Elsinore, Riverside County. Normally this is not a corn pest. Medium, local infestations of FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) occurred on strawberry roots in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. Heavy populations of MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) occurred on prune trees in Plymouth, Amador County. Heavy, adult populations of PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus pacificus) on apple leaves and fruit in Concord, Contra Costa County. DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE (Carpophilus hemipterus) and a SCARAB (Hoplia oregona) occurred in medium infestations on orange blossoms in Fresno, Fresno County. A CEPHID (Hartigia cressonii) caused medium damage to boysenberries in Redding, Shasta County. Heavy populations of ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) larvae occurred under apple trees at Benton Inspection Station, Mono County, and on prune foliage in Wheatland, Yuba County. Heavy, adult populations of a THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) occurred on strawberry flowers in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. Heavy popu- lations of a SOFT SCALE (Lecanium kunoensis) noted on pyracantha, apple and plum SON — in Paradise, Butte County; populations local and not widespread, Adult ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) appeared on peach trees in Delhi, Merced County. Medium, larval populations of DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) infested cabbage leaves in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) and VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costrirostris obliquus) locally heavy on lettuce in San Diego, San Diego County. Medium infestation of OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus)- found on 2 specimen trees of scarlet oak and in varying infestations from light to extremely heavy on pin oak in Capitol Park, Sacramento, Sacramento County. This pest subject to survey and investigation with eradication consideration. Heavy populations of GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) defoliating Prunus andersoni on Highway 295, four miles north of Toms Place, Mono County. In previous years, disease has been important control factor in area. M. constrictum now occurring on oak trees in Livermore, Alameda County. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Coryphista meadii) larvae caused medium damage to Oregongrape in St. Helena, Napa County; native stands of this shrub badly eaten most years. A aa SCALE (Asterolecanium arabidis) caused medium to heavy, local infestations on Pittosporum sp. in Chico, Butte County. Heavy, adult populations of POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) occurred on nursery-stock cotton= woods in Norco, Riverside County. Adults of ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites bicolor) appeared on rose flowers in several locations in northern part of State. Aduits of a SCARAB (Hoplia sp., probably oregona) occurred in gardens in Salinas, Monterey County, and on apple blossoms in Daly City, San Mateo County. Populations in other areas decreasing, particularly in interior areas. Heavy, nymphal infesta- tions of a PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) occurred on Albizia julibrissin in Fresno, Fresno County. Light populations of adult HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) and CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) occurred in residence in La Grange, Stanislaus County. A BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops kerteszi) annoyed man and cattle in Pond area, Kern County. PACIFIC COAST TICK (Dermacentor occidentalis) annoyed people in Capell Creek, Napa County. Heavy, adult populations of a POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus cavicollis) occurred in ash cabinet wood in Hayward, Alameda County. Usually, infestations appear after cabinets and trim are installed. Medium populations of a PARASITIC BRACONID (Aphidius pisivorus) present in seed alfalfa fields in Five Points, Fresno County. A SYRPHID FLY (Metasyrphus wiedemanni) and an unspecified ANTHOMYIID FLY noted in heavy populations on avocado blossoms in Fallbrook, San Diego County; probably partially responsible for pollination of avocados. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) ranged 0-5 larvae per tip in Norfolk County, mainly second and third instars; overwintering adults active in Hampshire County. Few larvae of CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (H. punctata) taken with above. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) and STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) damaged strawberry in Barnstable County. CRANBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus musculus) appeared on blueberry blossoms in Plymouth and Falmouth. (Tomlinson). Larvae of EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) noted more generally in apple orchards than during recent years. Up to 60,000 acres expected to be 50 percent defoliated by GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) mainly in Hampden, Hampshire and southern Berkshire Counties. Other smaller, but heavily infested, areas in Franklin County, all in areas highly susceptible to this pest. Strong, persisting winds during and after hatching undoubtedly caused wide distribution of young larvae. (Hood). A PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia sp.) emerged from red pine terminals at Wareham, Plymouth County. (Tomlinson). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) noted as common throughout southeastern part of State. (Wheeler). - 536 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud., Agrot. Feltia unip. ips. subter ARIZONA *Yuma 5/10-16 3 ARKANSAS Hope 5/10-16 2 Morrilton 5/10-16 5 7 Kelso 5/10-16 5 6 Fayetteville 5/10-16 1 CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp. Sta. 5/10-16 5 36 COLORADO } New Liberty 5/11-18 3 Two Buttes 5/11-18 62 Dolores 5/11-18 1 FLORIDA Quincy 5/14 ILLINOIS (County) Champaign 5/11-17 214 16 INDIANA (Counties) Lawrence 5/7-11 15 La Porte 5/9-14 45 5 Tippecanoe 5/10-16 22 4 Vanderburgh 5/10-16 19 3 KANSAS Garden City 5/8-11 65 9 Hays 5/11,15 14 ak Manhattan 5/11-17 4 Mound Valley 5/9 2 i! Wathena 5/12-13 11 4 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 5/11-17 15 27 NEBRASKA Scotts Bluff Exp.Sta.5/7-14 1 North Platte 5/3-10 39 4 Kearney 4/30-5/10 10 3 McCook 5/9-10 1 NORTH DAKOTA Fargo 5/14-18 ats SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 5/12-18 5 Charleston 5/7-13 5 9 SOUTH DAKOTA (County) Brookings 5/12-18 29 TEXAS Waco 5/12-18 7 5 Brownsville 5/4-16 4 20 39 * Three traps - Yuma; (Continued on page 2 traps - Stoneville. 537) Perid. Prod. r. saucia ornith. 8 455 10 0 11 NN Bb 40 Heliothis zea vires. Protoparce sexta quinq. 14 12 11 24 2 32 77 BBY LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (continued) Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Perid. Prod Protoparce Heliothis unip. ips. subterr. saucia ornith. sexta quinqg. zea vires. WISCONSIN Mazomanie 5/8-13 7 2 Middleton 5/10-16 15 4 Madison 5/10-16 36 U 4 Reedsville 5/8-14 5 Wayside 5/8-14 6 4 Additional Light Trap Collections ARIZONA (*Yuma, 5/10-16) - Spodoptera exigua - 3,025. CALIFORNIA (Shafter Exp. Sta., 5/10-16) - Loxostege sticticalis - 11; Prodenia praefica - 96; Proxenus mindara - 12; S. exigua - 61. COLORADO - L. sticticalis - (Two Buttes, 5/11-18) - 535; (Dolores, 5/11-18) - 8. KANSAS - L. sticticalis - (Garden City, 5/8-11) - 314; (Hays, 5/11,15) - 43. SOUTH CAROLINA (Charleston, 5/7-13) - Conoderus falli - 60. * Three traps - Yuma. 938) — STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST, MAY 4-17 The following information has been released by the Animal Disease Eradication Division, Agricultural Research Service, regarding the screw-worm eradication program in the southwestern United States. A total of ,000 sterile flies were released over an area of 60,442 square miles at the rate of 300-400 flies per square mile. TEXAS, and Dewey County, OKLAHOMA, Brazos, Burleson, Callahan, Clay, Dallas, Dawson, El Paso, Jones, Leon, Madison, McLennan, Palo Pinto, Smith, 079 screw-worm cases were reported during the period. New counties reporting fo) ol 00 N n N oO ‘ o P o gq qo 3 1 3 O a “HO > os > oEBRad 38 Hoo = Amp @ tel) ue) ms:-a ie) ed d ou0g u HON (0) VOR Q ee o) aad 2 6 KK 2K WEATHER BUREAU 30-—DAY OUTLOOK JUNE 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for June calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over the southeastern quarter of the Nation. Below normal temperatures are predicted for areas lying west of the Continental Divide and from the Northern Plains eastward to the Great Lakes. In the remaining unmspeci- fied area, near normal averages with large fluctuations are indicated. Precipi- tation is expected to exceed normal over the northern half of the country and in the Central Plains. Subnormal rainfall is predicted for the Far Southwest and Southeast. Otherwise, near normal amounts are indicated. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Super= intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C., Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 4 Weather, more typical of the season than the previous period, covered a major portion of the Nation during the week, and prolonged dry spells were ended in many sections of the southern Great Plains and Southeast. However, cool weather dominated the Pacific Northwest where Portland and Moro, Oregon, had their second coldest May in more than 60 years, and rainfall was a rarity in the Southwest and much of California. From the Mississippi Valley eastward, temperatures generally averaged warmer than normal. Departures were not excessive, however, but the mercury did not fall enough to keep some areas of Georgia from logging the hottest May on record. Hot was the word in Death Valley, California, on the 3d, when the temperature soared to 111° in contrast to the cooler than normal West. Precipitation was quite general over much of the Plains States, the Mississippi Valley, and the southeastern quarter of the country. Throughout most of this area, amounts over 1.00 inch were common and many stations reported much larger totals. (Weather continued on page 596). - 581 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS -— UTAH - Counts 10-50 per square vard in Moab area and on 50,000 acres of Castle Valley in Grant County. Hatch light, late in Snowville-Blue Creek area of Box Elder County. (Thornley, Knowlton). TEXAS - Several species causing concern in several south central counties; nymphal populations up to 15 per square yard observed locally within area. (Sistrunk, Massey, Newton). OKLAHOMA —- Surveys in south central counties of Carter, Garvin, Jefferson and Murray show threatening nymphal populations on both rangeland and crop margins. Range counts averaged 6-20 per square yard, with crop margins infested at rate of 8-25 per square yard; dominant species of Melanoplus bivittatus, M. femur- rubrum and Mermiria maculipennis (second and third instars). Populations in Cimarron and Texas Counties, panhandle area, generally below threatening popula- tion level;, dominant species Ageneotettix deorum, Amphitornus coloradus and Aulocara elliotti (second to fourth instar). Scattered light to threatening populations of Melanoplus spp. exist in north central area; populations 15-25 per square yard in alfalfafield margins and roadsides in Payne and Grant Counties. Lighter populations elsewhere in north central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Counts in roadside margins in central and eastern areas generally less than 1 per square yard; occasional high counts of 5-7 per Square yard noted. Species predominantly Hesperotettix sp. and Melanoplus bivittatus. (Painter, Peters). SOUTH DAKOTA — Hatch still light in Moreau River range area and in Dewey and Zieback Counties, with first and second instars numbering about 5 per square yard; species mostly Ageneotettix deorum and Melanoplus san nipes. (Burge). In Elk Mountain range area of Custer County (western area), grasshoppers, mostly A. deorum, average 10-20 per square yard. In Butte, Harding, Perkins and Meade Counties, northwestern area, only light hatches of 5-8 first instars per square yard observed. (Zimmerman). In southeastern area, M. bivittatus and M. differentialis ranged 10-20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa, sweetclover and small grains (first to third stage nymphs) .., (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA — Rangeland infestations averaged about 3 grasshoppers per square yard in McKenzie County; dominant species Ageneotettix deorum and Melanoplus sanguinipes (first to third instar). (Brandvik). Field infesta- tions present in Ransom, Dickey and Sargent Counties; counts ranged 1-6 per Square yard with M. sanguinipes dominant species (first to third instar). However, only few scattered third instars present. Habitats included soil bank, alfalfa and small grains. (Wilson, Schenck). Cool, wet weather past 2 weeks retarded development of grasshoppers. Emergence has been only 5 percent of potential. (N. D. Ins. Sur.) MINNESOTA — Light hatch of Melanoplus sp. noted on sandy soils in Anoka County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN — First and second instars of M. sanguinipes numbered 15 per square yard in Oconto County alfalfa- field, with 40 per yard on adjacent roadside. Camnula pellucida hatched and present along roadsides in Marinette and Oconto Counties and M. differentialis nymphs appearing along roadsides in Green Lake and Columbia Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Melanoplus spp. increasing rapidly; up to 108 per square yard observed in grassy roadsides in east-southeast district. First and second instars present and already damaging marginal rows of corn and soybeans beside hatching beds. Grasshoppers may become the most serious insect pests of field crops of 1962. (111. Ins. Rpt.). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs hatching in rangeland areas near Farley, Colfax County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Egg deposition beginning in northwest; very small numbers of egg masses found in tallest corn. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Egg masses observed in central and north central areas; counts ranged 0-80 egg masses per 100 stalks in central area (Fairchild) and 0-5 per 100 stalks in northern areas. Very few small larvae observed in these areas. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA — Pupation 94 percent and emergence 10 percent in Boone County. First adults of season caught in Ankeny light trap on May 19. Tallest corn 20 inches extended (Ankeny and Winfield) with average height in southeastern area 6-8 inches. Peak moth emergence expected about June 2, with continued_ warm = 082) — weather, and peak egg-laying should occur about June 9. This is much earlier than usual, (Iowa. Ins. Inf., May 25). MINNESOTA - Pupation 90 percent in Anoka County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - First pupa of season found May 29 in Union County. (Hintz). MARYLAND - First instars beginning to cause noticeable injury to whorls and leaves of early planted sweet and field corn in Dorchester, Wicomico and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE — First adult flight continues at a rather high level; 60 specimens taken in blacklight trap in Sussex County May 23-31. (Burbutis). NEW JERSEY - Moths observed in Burlington and Middlesex Counties. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 29). NEW YORK — Pupation 60 percent in Hudson Valley on May 22; no adults emerged. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Egg deposition underway in northwest; first instar found in cornfield in Benton County, north- west area (corn 2-3 feet high and tallest in area). (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Survey of 18 old corn'fields in 16 counties revealed a population of 683 live larvae per acre. Survival of overwintering larvae 48 percent. Map below shows 38 infested counties in the State as of April 1962. (Henderson) . ee? “ aie 2 yi eee oe? RM. ge g > oe MOXUBEE f is E Counties Infested by Southwestern Corn Borer in Mississippi April 1962 ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - Most larvae throughout State full grown; only small larvae observed in grasses and pastures. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS -— Larvae varied 0-2 per linear foot in standing wheat in west, central and east districts, and 3-5 per square foot in lodged wheat in east and east-— southeast districts. Larvae of all sizes present. Few larvae killed by disease observed in east and east-southeast districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Localized infestation caused severe damage to 2 urban homesites and a grainfield - 583 - south of Vincennes; full-grown larvae extremely active about May 21. (Hamilton, May 29). Destroyed 75 acres of young corn in Jasper County, May 28. In this field, rye plowed down and corn planted immediately. Some infestations in rye and wheat fields. (Gould). MARYLAND - Outbreak numbers, necessitating extensive spraying, appeared in small grains, corn and pasture land in sections of Kent, Dorchester, Wicomico and Worcester Counties. Numbers have been especially heavy near Snow Hill and Berlin in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Activity reported in Henrico, King William and Prince George Counties and speci- mens received from several counties. (Rowell). DELAWARE - Larvae abundant in rye in one area of Sussex County (Bray, MacCreary) and adults now abundant in light trap collections (35 collected on May 30). (Burbutis). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Attacking terminal buds of corn and grain sorghum in Caldwell, Guadalupe and Hays Counties; damage variable, ranging from light to locally heavy. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). ARKANSAS - Eggs light on corn in northwest; counts 5-8 per 100 plants. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on peanuts and soybeans in Pulaski County. (Alligood). DELAWARE -— First adults of season collected in blacklight trap in Sussex County on May 30 (4 specimens). (Burbutis). CUTWORMS — MISSOURI - Continue to damage corn in north central area, especially corm delayed by dry weather. Majority of larvae three-fourths grown to mature, with few first and second instars present. Species mostly Feltia subgothica. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - Causing serious damage to corn in Adams, Livingston and Iroquois Counties; few observed elsewhere in State. Species probably Agrotis ipsilon. (111. Ims. Rpt.). IOWA - A. ipsilon caused moderate damage in Scott County and unspecified species noted in Decatur and O'Brien Counties. (Iowa. Ins. Inf., Underwood; May 25). WYOMING - Chorizagrotis auxiliaris larvae in wheat near Carpenter, Laramie County; averaged less than 1 per square foot. (Fullerton). SOD WEBWORMS — IOWA —- Damaging corn in Buena Vista County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Nuss; May 25). PENNSYLVANIA - Crambus sp. abundant on 2 home lawns in Franklin County; causing spots. Birds making holes in lawns hunting larvae. (Pepper). NEVADA - C. bonifatellus adults on lawns in Fallon, Churchill County, and in Reno, Washoe County. (Bechtel, York). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - NEW YORK - Counts about 12 per 100 sweet corn plants in Hudson Valley; some Stewart's disease noted. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). MARY - Adults light to moderate on field corn in Talbot, Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE —- Rather common on young corn in several areas of New Castle County. (Burbutis). ARKANSAS y Small numbers, 10-15 per 100 plants, on corn in northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) —- UTAH - Continues damaging to corn in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Knowlton). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - IOWA —- Adults very abundant, average 1 per linear foot of row, in early planted corn at Ankeny; severe feeding damage noted on 10-12 inch corn. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Dicke; May 25). NEBRASKA - Adults averaged 4 per sweep on Gage County alfalfa. (Bergman). A CHRYSOMELID - KANSAS - Unidentified species feeding on young corn in Dickinson County, central area. Populations appeared to be less than 1 per 100 plants and serious damage not evident. (Peters). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MARYLAND - Larvae caused severe injury to a lawn at Damascus, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) —‘MARYLAND - Adults caused light injury to young field corn at American Corners, Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 584 - WIREWORMS = IDAHO - Late instars of unspecified species infesting 9-acre field of wheat at Moscow, Latah County. larval feeding caused approximately 50 percent loss of stand. (Fosberg, May 25). WYOMING -— Limonius sp. averaged less than 1 per square foot in wheat near Carpenter and Burns in Laramie County. (Fullerton). IOWA - Unspecified species caused damage to seedling corn in Scott County. (lowa Ins. Inf., May 25). ILLINOIS - Undetermined species caused 0-3 (average 0.6) percent damage to corn fields in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Becoming lighter in most barley throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Infestations widespread and variable in eastern one-half of State. Heavy, spotted infestations causing concern in Denton, Harris, Eastland and Hamilton Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps on oats in Union County (Hintz) and counts relatively low in central and south central areas on winter wheat and spring grains (Orlob). MINNESOTA - Rarely found in central district; not found in east central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Found only in an occasional oatfield in Rock County and area adja- cent to Mississippi River from Prairie du Chien north to southern Trempealeau County. No red leaf disease found. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - SOUTH DAKOTA — Relatively light on winter wheat and spring grains in central and south central regions of State. (Orlob). WISCONSIN - Increasing very slowly in oats; averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in southern, central, eastern and northeastern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Light, ive per 100 sweeps, in wheat in east and east-southeast districts. (111. Ins. Rpt.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Very light, O-1 per linear foot, in wheat in east district. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) - MISSOURI - Nymphs high in blue grass, fence rows and along roadsides. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - Nymphs varied 0-700 (averaged 237), adults 0-100 (averaged 50) per 100 sweeps in grass in east district. Corresponding figures in east-southeast district were 0-10 (averaged 1) nymph and 0-160 (averaged 56) adults. (111. Ins. Rpt.). PLANT BUGS — IOWA —- Adults and nymphs of undetermined species averaged 10 per sweep in headed bluegrass in Louisa County; "silver tip'' appeared on 25 percent of heads. (Iowa. Ins. Inf., May 25). SOUTH DAKOTA - Labops hesperius adults very heavy and,destroyed 4-5 acres of crested wheatgrass in Jones County. (Mast). COLORADO — L.-hesperius numerous on crested wheatgrass in Rio Blanco and Park Counties. (Hantsbarger, Ball, Cottrell). WASHINGTON - Thyrillus pacificus causing considerable damage to field of crested wheatgrass near Ephrata, Grant County. (Culp, Brannon). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) — KANSAS - '"Flax-seeds'"' found in most wheat in central area and in Stafford and Reno Counties, south central area, except where hail-damaged broken straws confused picture. As many as 6 "flax-seeds" found per stem. (Painter, Peters). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - Countywide in Ottawa County, northeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur. WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - NEBRASKA - Less than one percent of wheat infested in southern area. (Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in Lincoln County. (Hintz). A SAWFLY (Dolerus unicolor) - ILLINOIS - Larvae vary 0-50 (average 12.5) per 100 sweeps in wheat in east-southeast district.. (111. Ins. Rpt.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Damaging wheat in Garfield County. (Hantsbarger, Felton, Cogburn). - 585 - WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Wheatfield in Haakon County infested; 4 per plant. (Orlob). WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - SOUTH DAKOTA — Small numbers found in several winter wheat fields in central and south central areas; some spread of wheat streak mosaic noted. (Hintz). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) —- NEW MEXICO - Serious problem in Bermuda grass lawns in Dona Ana County. Extremely heavy in many lawns. Number of infes- tations this spring increased considerably over number found in 1961. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) < ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Larvae first found in Canyon County May 22; mostly first instar. Counts ranged 0-5 per sweep. No adults found. (Waters, May 25). Larvae abundant, 20 plus per sweep, in alfalfafield near Grandview, Owyhee County. Adults 2-4 per sweep in same field. (Waters, Gittins). Adults also 1-2 per sweep in alfalfa near Moscow, 3-5 per 25 sweeps at Lapwai, but scarce generally in Clearwater River area and at Lewiston. (Halfhill). NEVADA — Averaged 2-3 adults and 65-90 larvae per sweep in untreated fields near Gardnerville, Douglas County, and 25-35 larvae per sweep in several untreated fields in Sparks, Washoe County. In both localities, eggs still being laid and continuing to hatch. (Arnett). WYOMING - Larvae averaged 21 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Laramie County. (Fullerton). UTAH - Larval damage, retarded by storms and colder weather for 18 days, becoming more severe. Weather had not allowed cutting as a control measure. (Knowlton, May 29). COLORADO -— Larvae abundant in untreated fields throughout State. Counts per 100 sweeps by county as follows: Larimer, 100-300 with 5-15 percent parasitized; Mesa, 300-400 with 40 percent parasitized; Delta, Montrose and Garfield, 20-70; Pueblo, Otero, Crowley, Bent and Prowers, 10-300. (Bulla, Schweissing,’ Jenkins) . NEBRASKA — Ranged 0.2-2.8 per 10 sweeps in Dundy County. (Manglitz). MASSA- CHUSETTS -— Counts per 100 sweeps in Berkshire County, May 23, as follows: Adult - 49, first instar - 3, second instar = 27, third instar —- 9, fourth instar -— 4, First eggs found in Amherst area May 27. (Wheeler). RHODE ISLAND -— Larvae increasing; 40-250 per 100 sweeps in Kingston. (Kerr). NEW YORK —- Evident in many alfalfa fields in Ulster County, but not causing serious losses. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). PENNSYLVANIA - Some fields of alfalfa in Centre, Huntingdon and Franklin Counties severely damaged; larvae starting to pupate in Franklin County. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Larvae averaged 3 per sweep on second=growth alfalfa in Worcester County; larvae also present and stunting second-growth alfalfa in Baltimore and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA — Heavily infesting ladino clover on farm in Cumberland County (Peery, May 24) and local, severe, adult infestation on alfalfa at Palmyra, Fluvanna County (Rowell, Watts, May 28). SOUTH CAROLINA - Has been troublesome on alfalfa in Laurens County this spring. (Nettles et al.). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - NEBRASKA - Adults averaged 6 per 10 sweeps on red clover in Gage County. (Bergman). ILLINOIS - Varied 0-120 and averaged about 50 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in east and east-— southeast districts; mostly newly emerged adults. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND -— Larvae caused noticeable injury to red clover in Baltimore, Talbot and Worcester Counties, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) —- ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-10 and averaged 2 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 14 per 100 sweeps in patches of sweetclover along roadsides north of Pine Bluffs, Laramie County. (Fullerton). UTAH - Severely notching sweetclover at Snowville and west in Curlew Valley, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA — Averaged 7 per 10 sweeps in Lake County and 16 per 10 sweeps in Lincoln County. (Hintz). - 586 - CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - UTAH - Some collected in most northern area fields. (Knowlton). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) -— SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1-8 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa along eastern border of State. (Hintz). MINNESOTA - Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in east central and central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - ILLINOIS - Collected in Clark County, east-southeast district, on May 28, at rate of 20 per 100 sweeps in mixture of red and white clover. This is a new county record and is more than 100 miles from any other known infestation in State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). A WEEVIL (Centrinaspis sp.) - ILLINOIS - Found in east-southeast district May 28; first observation of season. Adults varied 0-20 and averaged 5 per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Rpt.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND — Adults caused considerable foliage injury to soybeans at several localities in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-300 (averaged 118) per 100 feet of soybean row and had removed 0-50 (averaged 14) percent of leaf area on beans under 4 inches in height in east district. Also present, 0-30 per 100 feet of row, in east-southeast district. (I1l. Ims. Rpt.). IOWA — Emerged and eating leaves of seedling soybeans in Monona County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Rydel; an 25). SOUTH DAKOTA —- Averaged 10 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Clay County. Hintz). PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1 per sweep on second—growth alfalfa in St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta fabricii) - ILLINOIS - Observed on clover- alfalfa mixtures in east-southeast district May 28; first observation of season. (111. Ins. Rpt.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - IDAHO - One per sweep in alfalfa near Moscow, 15-20 per sweep in Clearwater River area of Nez Perce County, near 5-10 per sweep at Lapwai, 10 per sweep south of Lewiston and approximately 2 per sweep in Lewiston Orchards area. (Halfhill). NEVADA - Averaged 30-40 per sweep in Gardnerville, Douglas County, and Sparks, Washoe County. (Arnett). UTAH - Popu- lations have been generally light to moderate this season, with first crop injury to alfalfa being below average. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Light to moderate; counts 30-500 per 100 sweeps. (Schweissing, Bulla, Jenkins). NEW MEXICO —- Generally medium throughout State. Beneficials keeping infestations below damaging level. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS — Populations in vetch in Rockwall County declined greatly and light, local infestations being found. (Irvin). Field peas in Henderson County heavily infested and controls necessary to check damage in many instances. (Spann). OKLAHOMA - Populations in north central area down considerably; 5-15 per 10 sweeps. Counts low in Lawton, southwest area; 18-20 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS — Counts very low; less than one per sweep in northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Light in southwestern area. (Manglitz). SOUTH DAKOTA -— Counts 2 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in central and south central areas (Orlob) and ranged 2-50 per 10 sweeps in southeastern and east central areas (Hintz). MINNESOTA - Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa averaged 110 in east central district and 140 in central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.)... WISCONSIN - Continues to increase in alfalfa in most areas; counts per sweep by county as follows: Dane = 10, Columbia — 80, Marquette, Portage and Waushara — 30, Green Lake - 17, Sheboygan = 1.5, Manitowoc - 1.4, Oconto - 0.4, Marinette —- 2, Shawano — 1. and Waupaca — 4. Disease and/or parasitism ranged about 20 percent for more heavily populated fields and winged forms not overly plentiful. Alfalfa beginning to blossom; winged forms expected to increase somewhat. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA -— Increased to 10-20 per sweep in lush, vigorous, and in poor, stunted alfalfa and clover. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). WYOMING — Averaged 82 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Laramie County. (Fullerton). = BS = ILLINOIS - Very light, 2-16, and averaged 7 per sweep, in clover and alfalfa in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Heavy in alfalfa in Kingston. (Kerr). PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation in some alfalfa fields in Franklin County; crop ready to be harvested. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Ranged 5-10 per sweep on second=—growth alfalfa in Worcester County; light on second-growth alfalfa in Baltimore and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) —- NEW MEXICO - Heavy in scattered fields in Dona Ana, Chaves and northern Eddy Counties; controls applied. Lighter in other areas of State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Counts continue low in north central (fewer than 10 per 10 sweeps) and southwest (30-40 per 10 sweeps) areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS — Surveys in northwest negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged light to heavy in alfalfa in north central area. Counts per 10 sweeps by counties were 6—8 in Noble, 25-40 in Kay, 8-10 in Grant and 20-35 in Garfield. Nymphs numerous in most fields. Counts 30 per 10 sweeps in Cordell area, west central section. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS — Abundant in alfalfa in central and south central areas; counts of this species and Adelphocoris lineolatus averaged 100-400 per 100 sweeps. (Painter, Peters). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2-5 per 10 sweeps in Brookings, Moody, Minnehaha, Lincoln and Clay Counties on alfalfa. (Hintz). IOWA — Adults averaged 1-2 per sweep in eastern area alfalfa and clover. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). ILLINOIS - Counts per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa were 0-100 adults (averaged 50) in east district and 0-40 (averaged 20) in east-southeast district, and nymphs 0-120 (averaged 42) in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Nymphs averaged 2 per sweep in southern and central areas on alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA —- Averaged 100-400 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps in alfalfa statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO — Becoming more plentiful throughout southern counties. Average per 25 sweeps in alfalfa 20-30 in Socorro County, 5-10 in southern Eddy and 30-50 in Dona Ana County. Causing heavy damage to one seed alfalfafield in Hatch Valley, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO — Moderate numbers in Arkansas River Valley and north- eastern area; 50-250 per 100 sweeps. (Jenkins). UTAH - Lygus spp. and L. elisus new adults appeared and nymphs generally numerous in northern area alfalfa. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Adults averaged 18 and nymphs 15 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Laramie County. (Fullerton). IDAHO —- Counts 5-10 nymphs per sweep noted in an alfalfafield near Grandview, Owyhee County. (Waters, Gittins). Found in all stages of development in alfalfa south of Lewiston; 4 per sweep. (Halfhill). ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - IOWA - Nymphs averaged 2-3 per sweep in eastern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). WISCONSIN - Nymphs becoming very common in alfalfa in southern and central areas; 10 per sweep in many fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa varied 20-100 (averaged 60) in east district and 0-20 (averaged 7) in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa in southern and central areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa varied 40-200 (averaged 120) in east district and 0-90 (averaged 55) in east-southeast district. Nymphs varied 0-40 and averaged 13 per 100 sweeps in east-southeast district. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). SUPERB PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris superbus) - UTAH - Very light in alfalfa to May 29. (Knowlton). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) — MARYLAND - First adults of season observed May 31 on alfalfa in St. Marys and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK — Populations very high in Ulster County alfalfa; loss of yield considerable due to plant stunting. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). ILLINOIS - Adults varied 20-60 and averaged 40 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in east - 588 - district, and 10-280 and averaged 83 per 100 sweeps in east-southeast district. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA —- Hatched, first and second instars averaged 1 per 10 stems. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). WISCONSIN - Spittle masses becoming increasingly more noticeable; nymphs about half-grown in more advanced areas of State, al- though populations generally low. Counts 1 per stem on alfalfa in some more heavily infested fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SPITTLEBUGS - RHODE ISLAND — Spittle masses increasingly evident. (Mathewson). GEORGIA -— Light infestations of first nymphs and adults of Prosapia bicincta on coastal Bermuda grass in Tift County. (Byars, May 20). CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA —- Averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Lake and Brookings Counties; also found in Moody, Lincoln and Union Counties. (Hintz). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1 per sweep on second—growth alfalfa in St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Counts in central and north central areas ranged 3-21 per sweep; small nymphs present. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS — Counts per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa varied 20-150 (averaged 72) adults and 0-100 (averaged 35) nymphs in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN — Adults becoming common in alfalfa; occasionally found in oats. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA — Counts 0.1-0.5 per 10 sweeps in Franklin and Webster County alfalfa. (Manglitz). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) —- NEW MEXICO - Adults and larvae present in most alfalfa checked in Bernalillo, Socorro, Valencia and Dona Ana Counties; counts averaged 7-15 per 25 sweeps in Valencia and Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Adults and larvae present in alfalfa in northern area, but rarely numerous, (Knowlton). IDAHO — Second instars causing noticeable damage to alfalfa in Payette County. (Matsen). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA — Larvae 20-25 per 100 sweeps in areas of some Yuma County alfalfa fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - NEW MEXICO — Heavy in alfalfa in Dona Ana and Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS (undetermined) - MARYLAND - Caused noticeable streaking of field corn and soybeans in Talbot, Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA — Light to moderate on peanuts in Pulaski, Tift, Cook and Coffee Counties. (Johnson). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - IDAHO - Reported abundant in 14=acre alfalfafield in Homedale area of Owyhee County; feeding causing consider= able damage to crop. (Portman, May 25). Found abundant in a 15—acre field of alfalfa in Nampa area; mites being controlled by equally abundant populations of a predatory mite. (Bechtolt). FRUIT INSECTS PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) — MASSACHUSETTS - Scars of feeding and egg laying easily found on untreated apples and peaches; 137 adults collected May 31 from count trees at Waltham, Middlesex County. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Activity increased suddenly after high temperatures; females very easily found in untreated trees in most of State. (Savos). NEW YORK - Feeding and egg laying noted in eastern area May 24 in apples. Injured plums and prunes in Nassau County and cherries in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). VERMONT - Activity extremely low, with no evidence of cutting in treated blocks; cool weather probably a factor. (MacCollom). SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused concern in ridge peach area. About one-eighth of total larvae in fruit on ground entered soil May 25. (Nettles et al.). OHIO —- Oviposition very heavy in Wayne County. (Rings). INDIANA - Adults readily found in untreated orchards in viicennes area, -— 589 - Knox County; activity in commercial orchards light. (Hamilton, May 29). WISCON- SIN - First feeding noted in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) -— CONNECTICUT - Becoming noticeable on suckers and terminal growth; populations expected to build up rapidly. (Savos). NEW YORK — Populations increasing on terminal growth and fruit clusters in some apple orchards in Clinton County; some alates noted May 23. Beginning to build up in Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). PENNSYLVANIA —- Beginning to appear on terminals of apples in Franklin County May 31. (Pepper). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - NEW YORK - Large numbers appearing in poorly treated orchards in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). COLORADO —- Numbers light in Garfield County. (Bulla). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation found on pear trees in Ventura County; this is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Adults extremely abundant in Storrs orchards, Tolland County; most nymphs in last instar. (Savos). COCCIDS — INDIANA - Aspidiotus forbesi and A. perniciosus continue to hatch in orchards at Vincennes. (Hamilton, May 29). MICHIGAN — Lecanium corni females depositing eggs at East Lansing, Ingham County, and South Haven, Van Buren County. (Hutson). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW YORK — Flights began May 19 or 20 in eastern area; first larval entries expected about Jume 5. Unseasonably warm weather of May 14-20 in western area caused emergence and almost immediate egg laying; egg hatch expected as early as June 1. in some areas rather than June 10-20. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). PENNSYLVANIA — Entries noted in apples May 28 in Adams County; probably made 4 days earlier. (Asquith). MARYLAND - First hatch of season occurred at Hancock, Washington County, May 26. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - First larval entries for season noted in Vincennes area, Knox County, May 24; adult emergence in orchards incomplete. (Hamilton, May 29). First entries in south central counties noted May 23; first-brood attack not expected heavy. (Marshall). MISSOURI - More entries noted throughout State. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). KANSAS - Many larvae full grown and ready to leave apples May 25 in Sedgwick County. Probably at peak emergence in Doniphan County May 28. (Eshbaugh) . COLORADO - High counts in traps in Delta and Garfield Counties. (Bulla). UTAH - Heaviest flights in northern area occurred May 10. One adult taken at light trap at Logan May 31 after long, cool, stormy period without flights. (Davis, Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy, larval populations occurred in pears in Los Banos, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO — Adult flights noted at Moscow, Latah County, May 30. (Portman). EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Feeding injury noted in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) — VERMONT - Activity low; hatch of tagged egg masses occurred week ending June 2. (MacCollom). RHODE ISLAND - Reported hatched at Gloucester, Providence County. (Mathewson). KANSAS - Pupae and late instars found in most apple trees examined in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh) . ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) -— CALIFORNIA - Caused considerable concern in peach orchards in Live Oak-Rio Oso areas in Butte, Sutter and Yolo Counties and locally in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS —- Infestations light in well treated peach orchards in Sedgwick County May 25; some moths emer= ging. (Eshbaugh). MISSOURI - Larvae in peach terminals nearly fully grown; pupation expected within week. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). INDIANA - Activity of spring brood nearing completion; only occasional adult coming to bait traps. (Hamilton, May 29). OHIO - Twig infestations first noted at Marietta May 20. (Stacy). First-brood, twig-infesting populations higher than usual in Franklin and Wayne Counties. (Rings). NEW YORK - First entries in peaches noted May 21 - 590 - in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT — Larvae began tunneling into peach terminals at New Haven; not yet reported from other parts of State. (Savos). VIRGINIA - Infested terminals difficult to find. (Bobb, May 28). NORTH CAROLINA - Infested nectarine in Gaston County. (Robertson, Mount). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - NEW YORK —- Observed feeding on peaches in Orange County. Abundant in orchards this year in Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). MISSOURI - First heavy emergence occurred in Columbia area, Boone County, May 23. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). WISCONSIN - Feeding injury noted in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - INDIANA — Adults started emerging from insectary cages at Vincennes, Knox County, May 28. First controls recom- mended between June 1 and 10. (Hamilton). WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) -— WASHINGTON — Caused moderate to heavy larval infestations on peach and prune trees in lower Yakima Valley and Wenatchee area, Chelan County; more damage noted in these areas than in past. (Anthon, May 18). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - NEW MEXICO - Severe damage to peach trees in Valencia and Bernalillo Counties probably caused by this species. (N. M. Coop Rpitis)). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) -— UTAH —- Damage in orchards in Salt Lake County variable; light in commercial, treated orchards. Moderate, general infes-— tations in peaches this season. (Davis, Knowlton). APPLE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Psorosina hammondi) — KANSAS - Caused defoliation on some branches in untreated check apple trees in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh) . FLATHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) - NEW MEXICO — Damage to young orchard in Valencia County probably caused by this species; about 10 percent of trees damaged. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEW YORK - Injury quite easily found on apples in Westchester County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) —- NEW YORK —- Caused conspicuous secondary feeding injury in eastern areas; however, pest appears less abundant this season. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). CONNECTICUT - Tunneling out of apples and entering new fruit. (Savos). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Weather conditions favorable for rapid buildup on apples. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess., May 31). VERMONT - Activity and hatch spotty in most orchards; no problem presently. (MacCollom). NEW YORK —- Adults observed on apples in Clinton County May 21; some eggs present. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MARYLAND —- Moderate numbers infested apples at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO — Unusually abundant for early season, even in treated orchards; severe damage possible, (Cutright). MICHIGAN -— Populations building up rapidly on apple at Paw Paw and Bangor, Van Buren County, and Benton Harbor, Berrien County. (Hutson). MISSOURI — Most growers obtained good control in orchards. (Wkly. Rpt.Fr. Grs.). KANSAS — Population and injury increasing in apple orchards in Doniphan County; some bronzing becoming noticeable where controls not applied. Ranged 0-50 per leaf, with egg counts as high as 100 per leaf. (Eshbaugh). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OHIO - Found in several orchards. (Cutright). MICHIGAN - Populations very high on orchard cover, but not yet high on fruit trees. (Hutson). KANSAS - Counts ranged 0-5 per apple leaf in Doniphan County; averaged 2 mites and ome egg per leaf. (Eshbaugh). = 591 - ORCHARD MITES — INDIANA — Populations vary extensively between orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County. Infestation records from 5 orchards checked May 9 showed mobile forms ranged 4-17 (average 11) and eggs ranged 0-40 (average 15.4). Same orchards checked May 24 showed mobile forms ranged 3-230 (average 52.5) and eggs ranged 5-505 (average 134.5). Most common species EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi), but occasional TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) found. (Hamilton). Unspecified mites reproducing very rapidly in south central counties. (Marshall, May 29). PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - IDAHO - Infested pear leaves at Orofino, Clearwater County. (Fitzsimmons) . BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) - MICHIGAN - First appearance of adults noted at Sparta, Kent County. (Hutson) . CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata) - NEW YORK - Emergence started about May 25 in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA —- Surveys indicate egg laying occurring as far north as Stillwater area, Payne County. Observations made throughout central, south central and north central areas showed following per- cent of cluster formations: Stillwater, 5.33; Okemah, Okfuskee County, 15.81; Sparks, Lincoln County, 8.91; Stratford, Garvin County, 6.27; Sulphur, Murray County, 14.28; Marietta, Love County, 15.7; and Ada, Pontotoc County, 10.14. Control measures initiated in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS — Adults and egg laying heavier in Coleman, Fayette and Hamilton Counties than in 1961. (Lawrence, Sims, Bippert). GEORGIA - Moderate infestations noted on pecans in Berrien County; heavy on pecans in Ware County. (Boland Johnson). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) -—- NORTH CAROLINA - Infested pecan in Carteret County. (Jones, Mount). PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations common throughout northeast, north central, central and south central parts of State ranging from light to heavy. Reported heavier than last year. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN APHID (Myzocallis coryli) -— OREGON - Populations increasing in filbert orchards in Polk, Marion and Linn Counties; counts in excess of 25 per leaf not uncommon May 31. (Capizzi). APHIDS — CALIFORNIA - Medium populations of Myzus persicae and Toxoptera aurantii on citrus trees in Orange Cove,,; Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - NEVADA - Three infested properties found in North Las Vegas, Clark County; these represent first infes-— tations outside Twin Lakes area in Las Vegas. All properties under treatment. (Nichols, Zoller), ARIZONA - Heavy, larval populations damaged dooryard grapes in central area; commercial vineyards not infested. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA — Adults noted on grapes in Nash County. (Robertson, Mount). TRUCK CROP INSECTS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) -— MARYLAND - Larvae abundant and destructive to untreated potato and tomato plantings in several counties, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).° NEW YORK — Emergence and egg laying heavy in Suffolk County; many crops attacked, especially eggplant and tomato. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). RHODE ISLAND — Feeding on late potatoes in Washington County caused = 592) — concern; less damage to plants with normal growth. (Mathewson, Kerr, Sheehan, Hannah). OKLAHOMA —- Heavy populations continue damage to potatoes in Pushmataha County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS — Damaged home garden potatoes in Guada— lupe County; controls necessary. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). IDAHO - Starting to appear spottedly in potatoes in Caldwell area, Canyon County. (Bechtolt). aay ae - Attacked Solanum dulcamara in pea fields at Zillah, Yakima County. Landis). FLEA BEETLES -— SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species caused heavy damage to tomatoes near Walhalla, Oconee County. (Nettles et al.). MARYLAND — Damage from Epitrix spp. very noticeable on untreated tomatoes and potatoes in several coun-— ties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY -— Unspecified species very active on potatoes, causing considerable damage. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., May 29). NEW YORK — Populations of unspecified species attacking many crops, especially eggplant and tomatoes. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). CONNECTICUT — Unspecified species feeding on newly set plants. (Minnum). VERMONT - Unspecified species | active on newly set tomatoes and emerged potatoes. (MacCollom). OREGON - Altica tombacina caused ragging of strawberry leaves near Estacada, Clackamas County, April 26; det. by Dr. L. G. Gentner. (Mannerheim). TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sexta) - DELAWARE — First adults of season collected May 26 in blacklight trap in Sussex County. (Burbutis). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -— NEW MEXICO —- Untreated lettucefield’in Valencia County averaged 3-5 small larvae per leaf or 10-20 per plant; treated, commercial fields with only 2-4 small larvae.in field. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA ~ Con- tinues damaging to cabbage in Bixby area, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MASSACHUSETTS — Serious infes- tations found on strawberries. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess., May 31). WASHINGTON - Attacked field crops at Zillah, Yakima County; infestations much earlier than usual, (Landis). SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA — Medium infestations of Tetranychus cinnabarinus built up along edges of some cantaloup fields in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS — Several species caused widespread infestations on potatoes, tomatoes and cucurbits in south central counties. (Nolan, Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND — Light to heavy numbers observed on untreated plantings in Dorchester and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Remains rather light on potatoes and tomatoes in most areas of New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Alatae and apterae on potatoes at Zillah, Yakima County, and on sugar beets and mustard at Walla Walla, Walla Walla County; infestations light, with about 25 percent of plants infested. (Landis, Woodworth). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Adults averaged 3 per 20 sweeps at Snowville, Box Elder County, on Lycium sp. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA — Ranged 0-5 per 100 sweeps on Lycium halimifolium,.2 per 100 sweeps on early potatoes, and 12 per 100 sweeps on culls in Scotts Bluff County. (Hagen). POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - IOWA -— Very active on potato and tomato plants. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). RHODE ISLAND — Common on potatoes. (Mathewson, Kerr, Sheehan). DELAWARE — Common to abundant on potatoes in central and western New Castle County and causing moderate to heavy feeding injury. Present on tomatoes. in New Castle County with injury confined largely to older foliage. (Burbutis) . POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — WISCONSIN - Adults becoming more common; some potatoes required treatment in Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). = 593 = STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested tomatoes in Davidson County. (Robertson, Mount). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations present on home garden beans in Cushing area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Moderate numbers depositing eggs on commercial snap beans at Mardela, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Increasing slowly in pea fields; aver-— aged 3 per 10 sweeps in Sheboygan and Shawano Counties, 13 per 10 sweeps in Green Lake County, 4.6 per 10 sweeps in Rock County, 6 per 10 sweeps in Columbia County and 15 per 10 sweeps in Dane County. All counts above for early peas,which will apparently escape damage; however, populations threatening on midseason varieties. Field in Dane County revealed 23 per 10 sweeps compared with adjacent early season field with 6 per 10 sweeps. Similar ratio noted in Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE — Counts on peas vary 3-60 per sweep in New Castle County. (Burbutis). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO —- Population light on sugar beets in Delta, Mesa and Montrose Counties; 4-30 per 100 net sweeps. (Bulla). UTAH - Distant migratory populations light in south central and northern part of State. Counts averaged 0.04 per foot in Weber County and 0.16 per foot in Sevier County on beet rows. Nymphs, second and third instars, in breeding area locally in Box Elder County; averaged 2 per square foot. (Dorst). SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID (Pemphigus betae) -— WASHINGTON -— Flight in sugar beet fields underway at Walla Walla, Walla Walla County. (Woodworth). STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) — WYOMING - Adults, per 100 sweeps, averaged 8 in sugar beets and 11 in potatoes near Pine Bluffs, Laramie County. (Fullerton). A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza pusilla) - WASHINGTON - Eggs, probably of this species, extremely abundant at Zillah, Yakima County; 75 percent of sugar beet in some fields with eggs. (Landis). STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - WYOMING - Adults, per 100 sweeps, averaged 8 in sugar beets and 11 in potatoes near Pine Bluffs, Laramie County. (Fullerton). A LEAF MINER FLY — WASHINGTON - Eggs extremely abundant at Zillah, Yakima County; 75 percent of sugar beetS in some fields with eggs. (Landis). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Eggs and small larvae abundant on unprotected cabbage plantings in Wicomico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice) -— KANSAS - Adults quite numerous around Manhattan, Riley County. (Smith). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - NEW YORK —- Injured crucifer roots in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). RHODE ISLAND - Feeding on early radishes probably caused by this species. (Salomon). MICHIGAN — Populations on poorly treated radishes high, (Hutson). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - COLORADO - Present in high numbers in Adams County on green and dry onions. (Lesser, Hantsbarger, Jenkins). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - MARYLAND - Adults abundant and destructive to untreated plantings of cucumbers, cantaloups and squash in Dorchester, Wicomico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 594 - ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) -— CALIFORNIA - Appeared heavy on lettuce in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LOOPERS — IDAHO - First and second instars of unidentified species in numbers great enough to require controls on lettuce plantings in Canyon County. (Waters, May 25). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - NEW MEXICO - Caused extensive damage to outer leaves of lettuce in Valencia County; approximately 20-40 per plant. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - KANSAS - Destroyed 5-acre strawberry field in Sedgwick County. Many adults, larvae, pupae and eggs present May 25. Almost complete control in treated fields; few rolled leaves noted in Doniphan County May 28. (Eshbaugh). : MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - OREGON - Extremely abundant in Willamette Valley on strawberries, May 31. Four fields checked in Polk County averaged 3 spittle masses per linear foot of row. (Capizzi). STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - MICHIGAN - First of season noted at Manitou Beach, Lenawee County. (Hutson) . STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - IOWA — Damaged strawberry buds in Fayette and Winneshiek Counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). NEW YORK - Additional injury noted in Suffolk County week of May 21. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) —- NEW YORK - Severe infestation noted on strawberries in Chautauqua County May 19. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - OREGON - Appeared in Willamette Valley hopyards; populations light near Gervais, Marion County, May 31. (Capizzi). TOBACCO INSECTS HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) — GEORGIA - Light infestations noted on tobacco in Berrien, Coffee, Bacon and Emanuel Counties. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - Eggs present on tobacco in Columbus County; examination of 75 plants in 3 fields yielded 36 eggs and 2 second instars. (Guthrie, May 25). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Light infestations noted in Berrien, Coffee, Bacon and Emanuel Counties; large numbers of eggs on flowers of plants. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA — Infested tobacco in Columbus County. Examination of 75 plants in 3 fields yielded 32 larvae, mostly in third instar, but some up to fifth instar, May 25. (Guthrie). TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) - NORTH CAROLINA —Larvae, apparently this species, caused only slight damage to tobacco in Granville and Person Counties; several farms with damage, all with 10 percent or less. (Mount). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Noticeable injury begin- ning on newly set tobacco in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COTTON INSECTS THRIPS — ARIZONA - Medium to heavy populations remain present in some central area cotton. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO — Causing severe damage to some cotton in northern Dona Ana County around Hatch; controls being applied. Popula- tions light on cotton in Eddy County. Species probably Frankliniella occidentalis. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS —- Infestations of several species variable, with most - 595 - farmers in eastern one-half of State applying controls. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA — Scattered populations of Frankliniella sp., ranging from none to heavy, found in cotton in Caddo County. One field with heavy populations treated. Infestations also reported from Bryan County, south central area, and Choctaw County, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LOUISIANA — Damage severe in small cotton on blackland in Tallulah area. However, populations not exceedingly high and older cotton should not suffer further economic damage. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Populations increased in delta area, but most cotton past thrips injury stage. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Popula- tions much lower than at same time in 1961 in western area; controls probably not needed. (Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Some damage reported in Florence area; many fields treated this year. (Taft et al.). BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Emergence from overwintering quarters light, but thundershowers expected to cause increasing populations in cotton in most areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). In McLennan and Falls Counties, counts averaged 40 per acre in untreated fields and 15 per acre in treated fields compared with 32 per acre in untreated and 28 in treated fields at same time in 1961. Many fields producing squares large enough for oviposition and most fields expected to be squaring during week ending June 8. (Cowan, Davis). LOUISIANA - Rate per acre 150 and 450 in 2 fields in Tallulah area. With present weather conditions, 90 percent emergence expected to occur June 1-15. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Accelerated movement to cotton from hibernation quarters expected in delta area. (Merk1l et al.). TENNESSEE - Some signs of terminal bud feeding found in southern counties in western area. (Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Emergence varies from very light to many in Florence area depending upon local moisture conditions. (Taft et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Numbers appearing in cotton fields in some areas. (Cott. News Ltr.). FLEA BEETLES —- TENNESSEE - Caused some damage to cotton in western area; controls not justified. (Locke). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga cribrosa) - TEXAS -— Causing light damage to cotton in Midland County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - GEORGIA — Egg counts per 100 terminals ranged 0-21 and averaged 9 in 25 southern counties; larvae per 100 terminals ranged 0-8 and averaged 3 in same counties. Larval size ranged from very small to full grown. Approximately 50 percent of cotton has small pinpoint squares or larger. (Johnson). LOUISIANA - Not observed in Tallulah area. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Some egg deposition occurred on cotton in delta area; no damaging infestations noted. (Merkl et al.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Good moth emergence con- tinues in cage tests at Safford, Graham County. No recent collections made in central area light traps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Building up on rangeland in several west central counties and causing some damage to edges of cotton fields. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Larvae medium to heavy in some central area cotton; controls necessary in few cases. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA — Reported on cotton in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Adults beginning to move into cotton in many areas as wild host plants mature and dry up. Populations in cotton in most areas expected to increase rapidly. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Infesta-— tion averaged 2.9 per 100 terminals in treated fields and 4.8 per 100 terminals in untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan, Davis). - 596 - FLEAHOPPERS (Spanogonicus albofasciatus and Psallus seriatus) - ARIZONA —- Infes- tations continue to increase in some central and southeast area cotton; 15-30 percent damaged squares common. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Variable infestations present in cotton- growing areas. Cotton within several local areas damaged, but parasite and predator populations building up and helping to ease the problem. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Reported on cotton in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Adults variable, but generally light in cotton statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations of Tetranychus atlanticus showing on cotton in Dos Palos, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS — Few locally heavy outbreaks noted, but generally not a problem, (Texas Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA —- Spotted infestations adjacent to ditches and turnrows observed in Tallulah area, (Smith et al.). TENNESSEE - Present in environs of regularly infested fields in western area; conditions favorable for increase. (Locke). 2 He 2 2 IC 2 OK KK OK Weather of the Week Ending Jume 4 (Cont'd from page 480) Early in the period, a late spring storm in the Midcontinent spread severe thunderstorm activity over the Plains and upper Mississippi Valley. Almost daily rainfall in Kansas left from 4.00 to 6.00 inches in a triangle formed by Jewell, Harvey and Marshall Counties. Numerous tornadoes, damaging hail, and flooding of major streams were also reported from Kansas and Nebraska. In Missouri, golf ball-size hail fell at Eldon on the 30th and a tornado damaged property near Blodgett. The first major rains in 2 months came to Oklahoma and spread ample amounts across the State; the central two-thirds received from 4.00 to 7.75 inches. A 4-week dry spell ended in Texas and Louisiana when drought-breaking rains began on the 28th. Totals from 3.00 to 4.00 inches were common in central Texas,and Kentwood, Louisiana, had 7.27 inches. Hail up to baseball size fell in and around Abilene, Texas, on June 1. Showers on the 30th at Miami , Florida, gave that station its first measurable rainfall in 23 days, the second longest such period in 22 years. Hail and winds up to 90 m.p.h. hit Herlong Field near Jacksonville in that State. The fire hazard is still high in the southern and western portions of the Peninsula, as showers were too spotty. A squall line over New England at the end of May was responsible for creating severe thunderstorm activity there. One man was fatally burned in one of many lightning-started fires. Earlier, the same squall left 3.30 inches of rain at Reading, Pennsylvania, in a 2-hour period. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). Oot FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Mostly second instars feeding on new shoots and flowers of jack pine in Douglas and Washburn Counties. Too early to determine extent of infestation. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - NEW MEXICO - Damage severe in mixed conifer forests in northern area. Severity of defoliation required setting up of a control area about 430,000 acres in size. Treatment to begin week of June 3 in Las Vegas area where development is most advanced. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - NEW YORK - Larvae on Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergi) on Long Island fully grown; no pupae yet found. OREGON - Surveys completed in metropolitan Portland, May 18; also in Oswego, Tigard and West Linn. A total of 101,362 pines examined on 174,800 properties. (Capizzi). A TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia sp. prob. pasadenana) — CALIFORNIA — Occurred on Pinus sp. in Stockton, San Joaquin County. Larvae currently working in twigs. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) - WISCONSIN — Defoliation of small trees in areas of Rusk and Price Couties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) - MARYLAND - Outbreak numbers caused noticeable feeding injury to oaks and other deciduous trees from Washington County eastward to Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent.Dept.). AN OLETHREUTID (Epinotia nanana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation on spruce in Crawford County. Adults emerging. (Adams). PINE SAWFLIES - WISCONSIN - Newly hatched larvae of Neodiprion nanulus nanulus feeding on jack pine in Washburn County, May 18. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Undetermined species numerous in several areas. (Ins.—-Dis.—Weed Newsltr. ,May 29). PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) —- WISCONSIN —- Heavily infested jack pine trees reported from parts of Marinette County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - PENNSYLVANIA - Fairly abundant, but heaviest near woods of Scotch pine in Franklin County (Pepper) and very Heavy, at least one spittle mass per branch on white and scrub pines in Huntingdon Co. (Udine). MARYLAND - Spittle masses moderate to very heavy on young loblolly pines along Route 50 in Queen Annes, Talbot, Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. Qe Md) Ent. Dept. ):. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - NEW YORK —- Crawlers appear settled in most instances. New needles not yet fully expanded. Early egg hatch may limit development this season and result in population declines. However, second: generation appeared upstate in 1961 and populations easily built up again. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). RHODE ISLAND - Crawlers have moved out on needles abundantly in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). MASSACHUSETTS - Nearly all hatched at Amherst, Hampshire County, May 28. (Wheeler), IOWA — Eggs are hatching. (Iowa Ins. Inf.,May 25). VERMONT - Expect hatch about middle of Jue. (MacCollom). A PLANT BUG (Neoborus illitus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy nymphal population occurring on Modesto ash trees in Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) — COLORADO - Numerous on spruce in Boulder County. (Hantsbarger). RHODE ISLAND - New galls on spruce and egg masses on needles. of’ Douglas-fir in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). - 598 - APHIDS —- OREGON - Schizolachnus pineti very common on Pinus contorta in Portland area. Det. by F. C. Hottes. Phyllaphis fagi abundant on beech trees in Portland nurseries and boulevard plantings during May. (Larson). COLORADO -— Aphids numerous on juniper in Denver and damage noticeable. (Chambers). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) -— IOWA - Has now pupated. Trees with treated trunks were as badly damaged as trees with untreated trunks. Through- out southern half of State, few if any elms escaped some leaf feeding. Damage was severe in Wapello, Clarinda and Shenandoah, with over half of elm trees being more than 50 percent defoliated. Damage was moderate in Oskaloosa, Castana and Glenwood, with 25-50 percent of elms being 50 percent defoliated. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). CANKERWORMS —- NEW YORK - Larvae of unspecified species 1-1.25 inches long; termi- nal leaves about one-third defoliated in untreated, heavily infested areas. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). PENNSYLVANIA — Alsophila pometaria and Paleacrita vernata moderately heavy in woods in Lancaster and Dauphin Counties, May 24. (Balsbaugh, Sleesman). WISCONSIN - Nearly mature larvae of A. pometaria on oaks in Columbia and Marquette Counties where several acres have been almost defoliated. Indi- cations that elms also defoliated in Walworth and parts of Dane County.(Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA —- Undetermined species damaging elm and ash in Sargent County (Wilson, Schenck) and ¢lm, ash and horsechestnut in Cass County. (Dogger). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - VERMONT - Larvae spotty, but defoliating orna- mentals in some areas. (MacCollom). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) — NORTH CAROLINA - General emergence occurred week of May 21-25. (Greene). RHODE ISLAND — Wandering larvae causing concern in heavily infested areas of Providence County. (Mathewson, Cartier, King). MICHIGAN - Nests very conspicuous in Cadillac, Wexford County; Cheboygan, Cheboygan County; Traverse City, Grand Traverse County; and Manistee, Manistee County. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Larvae now nearly mature, in more ad- vanced areas of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS — Moderate, widespread infestations on pecan and ash trees in Nueces County. (Ridgway). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - NEW YORK — Numerous on maple and other trees in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - DELAWARE - Heavy larval infestation on Chinese elm in northern New Castle County. (Huber). A SESIID (Paranthrene robiniae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval damage to poplars in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) -— NEW YORK —- Heavy and widespread this season. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). RHODE ISLAND - Activity on trees still sparse. (Mathewson). VIRGINIA — Larvae heavily infesting elms at a home in Hopewell, Prince George County. (Tarpley, Harris, May 22). KANSAS - Counts of first generation, nearly full grown larvae, were 4-5 per elm leaf in Sumer County, May 25. (Thompson). TEXAS - Populations on elms in Eastland and Callahan Counties rather widespread and causing concern among homeowners. (Ridgway). COLORADO - Eggs and larvae numerous on elms and ornamentals in Delta County. (Bulla). IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) — MARYLAND - Adults and larvae causing foliage injury to weeping willows in Prince Georges County, May 26. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Heavy on locust in southern Butler County and northern Allegheny County, May 22. (Simons). - 599 - SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adult and larvae found in sample of dead wood on a hackberry tree in Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County, May 24, (Mast). JUNE BEETLES — WISCONSIN - A variety of shrubs showing feeding of the beetles. Large flights reported from Barron, Langlade and Winnebago Counties. Counts in blacklight traps at Middleton and Madison on May 23 were 170 and 254, respectively. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SAWFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of unidentified species on white poplar leaves in Woodbridge area, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) - OKLAHOMA - Causing concern in Still- water and Ponca City areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WOOLLY ELM APHID(Eriosoma americanum) -— IOWA - Severe on elms at Fairfield, Jefferson County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Wormley; May 25). WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tessellatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting maple in Mecklenburg and Edgecombe Counties. Det. by Jones and Robertson.” Also heavily infesting elm and maple in Wake County. (Wray). TULIPTREE APHID (Macrosiphum liriodendri) - DELAWARE - Abundant on tuliptrees in one area of New Castle County. (MacCreary). GALL INSECTS —- NEW YORK - Numerous on maples and oaks in Niagara County; in- quiries fewer than in 1961 in Chemung County;appear to be increasing on leaves and branches of maple and oak in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - DELAWARE - Common on roses in one area of northern New Castle County. Huber). MARYLAND - Adults abundant on pyracantha at Brandywine, Prince Georges County, May 25. (U. Md., Ent.Dept.). A SCARAB (Hoplia oregona) — CALIFORNIA — Cool weather prolonging infestations, primarily on roses. Local heavy populations reoccurred in Carmichael area, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A WEEVIL (Apion hibisci) - MARYLAND - Collected on Hibiscus oculiroseus at Lexington Park, St. Marys County,by T. L. Bissell on September 4, 1960. This is a new State record. Det. by R. E. Warner. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Moderate, local infestations on evergreens in Brazoria County. Larvae about one-half inch long. (Tex. Coop. Rpt. Ellard). INDIANA - Hatched at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, May 31, (Schuder). KANSAS - Young larvae causing serious defolation to redcedars in shelter belts in Sedgwick County; also feeding on sycamores in Riley County. (Thompson) . A TORTRICID (Tortrix pallorana) - INDIANA - Infesting Scotch pine in Pulaski County. Adult emergence started. (Schuder). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - CALIFORNIA — This species and Sabulodes caberata larvae medium on leaves and flowers of geranium in La Mesa, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) - NEW YORK — In pupal stage; heavy this season throughout State. Parasitism high, locally, in some sections. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) - WISCONSIN - Injury to roses quite notice= able in areas of Dane County. Indications point to a heavy incidence this season. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 600 - LACE BUGS - NEW YORK - Unspecified species troublesome on ornamentals in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). DELAWARE - Stephanitis pyrioides common on some azaleas in New Castle County. (Bray). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - VERMONT - Expected to hatch about middle of June. (MacCollom). PENNSYLVANIA — Heavy infestation on poplar in Butler County, May 22. (Simons). NEBRASKA - Crawler stage very active in Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Bergman). COCCIDS - NEW YORK - Fiorinia externa again heavy and causing considerable damage to hollyhock on Long Island; crawlers first noted May 23. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 28). MARYLAND - Chrysomphalus tenebricosus heavily infesting several silver maples in District Heights. Crawlers active. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). “MISSOURI - Infestation of Aspidiotus liquidambaris on leaves of sweetgum reported in nurseries in east central area. (Lenhardt). NEW MEXICO —- Unaspis euonymi heavy in spots on euonymus in Bernalillo County.(N. M. Coop. EBC OC CALIFORNIA -—- Medium infestation of Chnaurococcus trifolii on roots of Senecio sp. in Alturas, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A COCCID (Lepidosaphes yanagicola) - MARYLAND - Collected on Pachysandra sp. in cold frames at Towson, Baltimore County,by C. W. McComb on April 17, 1962. This is a new State record. Det. by H. Morrison. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AN APHID (Capitophorus braggi): - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - On: May 19 a check was made on the planting of Elaeagnus pungens on which the species was reported earlier (CEIR 12(19):468). As the infestation had entirely disappeared, it is assumed that the aphids had left for their summer food plants. (Leonard). BOXELDER APHID (Periphyllus negundinis) — NEVADA - Moderate to heavy infestations on boxelder in Fallon, Churchill County,and southern Washoe County. (Bechtel, Ferraro). BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) - RHODE ISLAND - Conspicuously heavy on ornamental boxwood, Washington County. (Mathewson) . BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - MASSACHUSETTS —- Adults active May 28 in eastern area of State. (Wheeler). NORTH CAROLINA -—- Completed 95 percent of its emergence in the State by May 15. (Greene). NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola)- NEW YORK - Adults active May 23 on American holly; this is about one week earlier than usual. (N. Y. Wkly.Rpt.). ROSE-SLUG (Endelomyia aethiops) - MISSOURI - Feeding on multiflora roses throughout State. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). DELAWARE — On roses in New Castle County. (Burbutis). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Nalepella tsugifoliae) - MARYLAND - Caused noticeable damage to Carolina hemlock, at Chevy Chase, Montgomery County, May 10. Det. by H. H. Keifer. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPIDER MITES — MARYLAND - Undetermined species heavily infesting ivy at Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Tetranychus spp. infesting Christmas tree planting in east central area. Infestation distributed throughout planting, but extremely heavy near borders. (Lenhardt). NEW MEXICO - Species damaging arborvitae in Socorro County probably Oligonychus ununguis. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). = 601 - INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES - NEW MEXICO - Thick along Rio Grande River in Socorro, Sierra and Dona Ana Counties; troublesome in towns located along river. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Annoying in several parts of Cache County. (Knowlton). IOWA - Larvae ranged 0-15 per dip in standing water in roadside ditches and pools throughout eastern half of State; same situation probably exists in western half of State. Adults reported abundant and annoying May 24 in parks and golf courses in Ames, Story County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). MINNESOTA - Aedes vexans larvae pre- dominant species collected; proportion of Culex spp. and Culiseta spp. increased markedly. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations increased substantially; emergence earlier than in recent years and accentuates problem. Aedes vexans larvae low in pools in Madison area, but Mansonia perturbans adults relatively heavy. Mosquitoes annoying grazing cattle at night 1n Marathon, Winnebago, Wood and Trempealeau. Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - Causing complaints generally at twilight. (Mathewson, Cartier). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Found in most herds of cattle in southeastern area. (Mast). IOWA — Populations increased; counts 0-20 (average 7) per animal on cattle in eastern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). ILLINOIS - Very low; head averages varied 0.1-7.5 per face, with some indications that population is increasing. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Light throughout north central area; counts ranged O-5 per animal and averaged less than 2.(Munson, Thomas, Wood). PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to emerge in Dauphin County (Sleesman) and has been fairly heavy in northwest area (Adams). DELAWARE - Collections averaged 10-12 per face in herd of Herford beef cattle in New Castle County. (Bray). VIRGINIA - Local, medium infestations on beef cattle in Patrick County. (Olinger, May 23). VERMONT - Remains extremely low. (MacCollom). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Populations, up to 100 per scudder grid, common in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CONNECTICUT - Becoming more numerous. (Savos). VERMONT - Annoying. (MacCollom). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) -— OKLAHOMA - Decreased on all herds observed throughout north central, central and south central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Counts on cattle in eastern area ranged 50-200 per animal. (Peters). MISSOURI - Counts on cattle in north central area ranged from 20 to over 100 per animal. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA - Populations ranged 0-10 per animal in eastern area; populations expected to double by June 2-3. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). ILLINOIS - Increasing; counts per head averaged 59-136 in west, 25- 180 in central, 2-125 in east and 10-40 in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Cattle appear to have unusual numbers in Huntingdon County. (Udine). VERMONT - Abundant on pastured cattle. (MacCollom).. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Varied 0-2 per animal in west, central, east-southeast districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Emerged in southern and central areas May 24. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). OKLAHOMA - Counts remain generally static at Stillwater , north central area, but ranged up to 15 per head on cows in McCurtain County area, southeast section. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TABANIDS —- OKLAHOMA - Chrysops spp. beginning to cause some concern to stockmen in southeast areas and Tabanus spp. counts of 3-5 per head noted on cattle in McCurtain area (southeast). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -— Emergence of Tabanus equalis heavy in central area; 7-10 days earlier than usual peak emergence. Heavy emergence of Tabanus sp., probably lineola, observed in north central area. Chrysops spp. populations high and continue to cause trouble in central and north central areas. Heavy egg deposition occurring. (Wingo). ILLINOIS - None observed in west, central and east districts, but occasionally observed in. east-southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). VERMONT - Horse flies and deer flies abundant on pastured cattle. (MacCollom). MARYLAND - Chrysops spp. very annoying to man and animais in tidewater areas and near Laurel, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Annoying to residents in Marion County. (Nettles et al., May 30). - 602 - CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Adults running cattle in pasture areas near Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - DELAWARE - Common on sheep in one area of New Castle County. (MacCreary). A BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops kerteszi) - UTAH - Outbreak around parts of Great Salt Lake was very troublesome for about 3 weeks this spring. (Knowlton). A BLACK FLY (Simulium jenningsi) - MARYLAND - Second brood emerging May 31 from Potomac River. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - MICHIGAN - Specimens being received at Entomology Department, Michigan State University, in greater numbers than for many years. Trailers seem to be most common habitat. (Hutson). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - OKLAHOMA - Populations down and causing less concern to picknickers in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Remains high on cattle through- out eastern third of State; counts 350-450 per head in McCurtain County, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) - UTAH ~ Found on several people in Cache County areas. (Knowlton). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS DERMESTIDS - IOWA - Adults and larvae of Dermestes lardarius expected to be serious household problem. (Iowa Ins. Ins., May 25). NORTH DAKOTA - Attagenus piceus and Anthrenus sp. reported numerous times from Cass County. (Dogger). TERMITES - RHODE ISLAND - Complaints numerous, especially in suburban resi- dential areas of Providence and Kent Counties. (Mathewson, Cartier). OKLAHOMA - Reticulitermes sp. swarmed in Kiowa County area; noted in homes in Delaware, Adair and Choctaw Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Unspecified species damaged home at Garland, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Heavy infesta- tion of R. hesperus in home in Reno, Washoe County; winged reproductives present. (Payne). CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) - MISSOURI - Numerous reports throughout State indicate damage to soft woods in various outbuildings. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). RHODE ISLAND - Caused damage in home in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - Activity increasing around homes at Moscow, Latah County. (Gittins, May 25). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND - Infested several homes in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STORED-—PRODUCT INSECTS FLIES - PENNSYLVANIA — Huge numbers of Leia sp., Bradysia sp. and Drosophila busckii breeding in decaying potatoes in storage in Berlin, Somerset County, during March 1962. Potatoes held at 70° F. for conditioning of potato chips. Concerned about accidental contamination of chips. Det. of Leia sp. and Bradysia by Alan Stone and D.busckii by W. W. Wirth. (Udine). A MEAL MOTH - COLORADO - Undetermined species abundant in poultry rations in Larimer County. (Moreng, Whittet). - 603 - BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES —- IOWA — Various species and other predators ranged 2-6 per 10 sweeps. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 25). SOUTH DAKOTA - One adult per 100 sweeps in Clay and Lincoln Counties; one larva found in Union County, May 29. (Hintz). OKLAHOMA - Several species ranged light to heavy throughout the State. (Okla. Coop.Sur.). WYOMING - Adults of Hippodamia sp. and Coccinella sp. per 100 sweeps averaged 17 in alfalfa and 13 in wheat in laramie County. (Fullerton). UTAH - Unspecified species moderate; helped reduce pea aphid populations. Adalia bipunctata numerous as predator of spirea aphid at Logan. (Knowlton). ARKANSAS — Hippodamia convergens increasing in numbers in northwestern area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp). - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa in north central and west central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Adults averaged 14 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and 7 per 100 sweeps in wheat in Laramie County. (Fullerton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present, averaged 2-3 per 10 sweeps in Clay County on alfalfa. (Spawn). A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - ARKANSAS - Populations increased in northwestern area; averaged over 100 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Washington County. (Ark. Ins. Sure GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered populations in alfalfa in north central and southwestern areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Moderate populations helped reduce pea aphid populations. (Knowlton). LACEWINGS (undetermined) - IDAHO - Averaged 1-2 adults per 100 sweeps in alfalfa near Lewiston, Nez Perce County. (Halfhill). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in Lake County in sweetclover. (Hintz). FLOWER FLIES - UTAH - Moderate larval populations helped reduce pea aphid popu- lations. (Knowlton). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada Septendecim)) - NEW YORK - Emergence noted in south- ern Ulster County May 26. First emergence noted May 21 in Rockland County and since then emergence quite heavy along Hudson River. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CONNECTI- CUT - Began emerging in very small numbers in Rocky Hill May 22, North Branford May 25; heavy emergence in North Branford, Middlefield, Cheshire and Meriden May 30 and May 31. (Johnson, Schread, Leonard). NEW JERSEY -— Several areas heavily infested. (Ins.-Dis.—Weed Newsltr., May 29). PENNSYLVANIA - Emergence noted in Northampton County May 31; began emerging in Dauphin County May 30. (Adams, Sleesman). VIRGINIA - Additional county detections of Brood II include: Fluvanna, Goochland, Henrico, James City, Louisa, Lunenburg, Madison, Spots- ylvania, Stafford, Greene, Amelia, Chesterfield, Nelson and Cumberland. Cf. CEIR 12 (22): 565 for previously reported counties. (Rowell, Tarpley). MARYLAND - Adults present near St. Leonard, Calvert County, May 29 and at several places in south central St. Marys County May 31. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A CARRION BEETLE (Silpha ramosa) — CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on soil on grass- lands in Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA — First adults of season noted at Deep Creek area, Norfolk County. (Williams, May 25). A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus africanus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations emerged from bamboo curtains in home in Piedmont, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAF BEETLE (Gastrophysa cyanea) — IDAHO - Larvae and adults continue abundant on dock at Parma, Canyon County. (Waters, Gittins). - 604 - EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - CALIFORNIA —- Extremely heavy popu- lations occurring massed under palm frond stumps on parkways locally in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - Overwintered adults abundant and active in Moscow area, Latah County. (Manis). AN ANT (Pheidole californica pyramidensis) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations found in soil in Alturas, Modoc County; this is a new state record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SPHECID (Tachytes sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused some concern to Wake County residents by flying low over lawns in numbers. (Wray). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(20):499 - MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - third line from top..,Aedes canadensis, a rare species, taken in flight - should read "Aedes cinereus, a rare species, taken in flight..." CEIR 12(21):518 - PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - NEW MEXICO — This is not species involved. Note should read "A PECAN CASEBEARER —- NEW MEXICO - Found in 2 nurseries..." CEIR 12(21):526 — RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - NORTH CAROLINA —- This is not species causing damage to loblolly pines in Craven County. Species involved is probably Neodiprion taedae taedae. (Greene). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Perid. Agrot. Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Heliothis unip. saucia ips. nubilalis ornith. sexta quing. zea vires. ARKANSAS Hope 5/24-30 1 8 12 ah Morrilton 5/24-30 Thal 6 10 6 Kelso 5/24-30 14 25 16 8 COLORADO Two Buttes 5/25-6/1 422 116 9 ILLINOIS (County) Champaign 5/25-31 1,352 ite) 31 73 2 INDIANA (Counties) Jasper 5/22-27 19 2 6 22 La Porte 29 1 Lawrence 5/21-23 4 2 5 1 Tippecanoe 60 3 5 1 Vanderburgh 87 a) 24 6 5 1 1 IOWA Ames 5/9-24 330 94 109 16 34 Columbus Jct. 5/7-15 80 alah 137 Dubuque 5/12-20 133 25 aie) 4 Hastings 5/10-16 201 12 26 4 Milford 5/13-17 5 & KANSAS Garden City 5/24-25 21 2 7 Hays 5/24,26 82 3 2 4 Manhattan 5/27-31 144 8 11 8 66 2 Mound Valley 5/24-25 19 1 3 al (Continued on page =)/6057 — LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (Continued) Pseud. Perid. Agrot. Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Heliothis unip. saucia ips. nubilalis ornith. sexta quing. zea vires. MINNESOTA Fergus Falls 5/20-27 6 5 Shakopee 5/29 5 Rochester 5/23-28 36 9 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 5,182 2,199 280 157 41 93 al NEBRASKA Scotts Bluff Exp. Sta. al 6 5/15-28 NORTH DAKOTA Fargo 5/28-6/1 7 Linton 5/28-6/1 17 3 Emrick 5/28-6/1 3 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 5/26-6/1 29 8 abl 54 16 3 4 TENNESSEE (Counties) Maury 5/22-28 20 4 8 12 12 12 Le Robertson 5/22-28 2 4 6 2 2 Cumberland 5/22-28 4 2 12 8 Greene 5/22-28 6 2 4 2 Blount 5/22-28 44 12 24 4 al Johnson 5/22-28 12 4 8 2 TEXAS Waco 5/26-6/1 5 15 16 59 48 WISCONSIN Mazomanie 5/21-27 18 8 8 Middleton 5/23-29 80 8 3 Madison 5/23-29 370 3 21 al Additional Light Trap Collection NEBRASKA (Scotts Bluff Exp. Sta., 5/15-28) - Chorizagrotis auxiliaris - 2,402. * Two traps — Stoneville. - 606 - INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U. S. PORTS OF ENTRY Some important interceptions that were reported March 31, 1962, by the Plant Quarantine Division, ARS, USDA, follow. These reports are based on identifica- tions received from Federal taxonomists at the U. S. National Museum during the month, but do include any of special interest from recent months that were not previously reported. KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 12 times; at Wilmington, North Carolina, one time in stores; at Norfolk, Virginia, one time in cargo of crushed "myrobalan nuts" for a Kentucky destination; at Savannah, Georgia, one time in stores; at Charleston, South Carolina, one time in ship's hold; and at New York, New York, 7 times in cargoes of gum arabic and gum ghatty destined for New York markets. MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens (Lw.)) 17 times in baggage; at Miami, Florida, one time; at Brownsville, Texas, 7 times in fruit destined, collectively, for Tennessee, Texas, Illinois, Kansas and California; at Roma, Texas, one time in fruit; at Laredo, Texas, 5 times for Texas and Kansas destinations; at Nogales, Arizona, 2 times in fruit for California destinations; and at Eagle Pass, Texas, one time in fruit for Texas. A FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis colae Silvestri) in coffee cherries in mail for Maryland at Washington, District of Columbia. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) 50 times; at Miami, Florida, 3 times; at Mobile, Alabama, one time; at Tampa, Florida, one time; at Boston, Massachusetts, one time; at Baltimore, Maryland, one time; at Savannah, Georgia, one time; at Honolulu, Hawaii, 13 times; and at New York, New York, 29 times. EUROPEAN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cerasi (L.)) 14 times; at New York, New York, 13 times, with 2 in baggage for Indiana and New York, respectively, and 11 in stores; and at Houston, Texas, one time in baggage destined for Texas. ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis Hend.) 3 times at Honolulu, Hawaii, in baggage destined for California, A FRUIT FLY (Dacus sp.) in avocado in baggage at Honolulu, Hawaii; in pepper in mail at Chicago, Illinois; and at New Orleans, Louisiana, in stores. PEACH FRUIT MOTH (Carposina niponensis Wlsm.) in stores at Honolulu, Hawaii. A WEEVIL (Lixus sp.) in beet in stores at Cleveland, Ohio. A POTATO WEEVIL (Premnotrypes sp.) 3 times in potatoes; at Pensacola, Florida, in stores; at Corpus Christi, Texas, in stores; and at Miami, Florida, in baggage for a Florida destination. - 607 - OCHYROMERA LIGUSTRI, A NEW PEST OF LIGUSTRUM IN THE UNITED STATES Introduction: On June 8, 1959, a curculionid was found feeding upon foliage of Ligustrum japonicum and lilac in Wake County, North Carolina. Most of the leaves of the large Japanese privet were,perforated. Specimens were collected at this time and forwarded by Dr. D. L. Wray, Senior Entomologist, North Carolina Depart- ment of Agriculture, Raleigh, to Washington, D. C., for determination. Additional specimens were collected in August of 1959 from the same location of Wake County and forwarded to Washington. Miss Rose E. Warner, Federal taxonomist at the U. S. National Museum, described the species as Ochyromera ligustri n. sp. Economic Importance: Adults feed on the leaves of host plants; either cutting holes completely through the leaf tissues, or sometimes only partially through, in which case only a netting of tissues remains. Feeding holes vary in size and shape, but the most predominant is a round or oblong hole about 3-4 mm. in length and about 2 mm. wide. Adults will also feed on the pollen in the blooms. Distribution: The species is believed to be oriental in origin. In the United States, it has been found in Warren, Vance, Wake, Orange, Alamance, Caswell, Guilford, Randolph, Davidson, Forsyth, Davie, Yadkin, Wilkes, Iredell and Mecklenburg Counties, NORTH CAROLINA, and Clemson, SOUTH CAROLINA. Hosts: Found on most species of privet (Ligustrum spp.) i.e., Japanese privet (L. japonicum), amur privet (L. amurense) and glossy privet (L. lucidum). Also found on lilac and grape leaves. Life History: In Wake County, North Carolina, adults emerge from the ligustrum seeds around May 15. Females lay their eggs in the seed capsules or fruit just as soon as they are well formed, which is around July 1, depending on- the weather conditions and temperature. Larvae hatch within a few weeks and feed on the fleshy fruit and seed capsules during the fall and winter. Apparently there is only one larva to each seed. The infested seed can be found on the ground beneath the shrubs during the late fall or early winter. Larvae become full grown by late April and pupate in early May. Most adults are found in late Jume and early July. As far as known, only one generation a year occurs. Description: ADULT - Integument brownish-yellow and shiny; pronotum clothed with recumbent, transverse, golden-yellow scales|with a definite median stripe and an ill-defined lateral stripe, laterally, in the middle, with a small, denuded impunc= tate spot. Elytra with | similar golden-yellow hairlike scales and suberect black and yellow setae; apical third darker in appearance. Legs and ventral surfaces also covered with golden recumbent hairs; pygidum exposed, sometimes the apex only in the female. Front femora longer and broader than rest, with an acute simple tooth which projects to a distance equal to half the width of femur in the middle; mid and hind femora smaller and less strongly toothed. Female about 3.9 mm. long and 1.9 mm. wide. Male about 3.7 mm. long and 2.0 mm. wide. Survey Methods: Check all types of ligustrum or privet, as well as lilac and grape. Older plants, especially the ones in bloom, are preferred. Survey should begin about mid-May when the adults first emerge. Look for feeding Signs on leaves (see Economic Importance) . It may also be advisable to hold a large piece of paper or cloth under the branches and shake the foliage. Adults, if present, will fall from the leaves. Be sure not to shake the plant before you are ready to do so. (Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in cooperation with D. L. Wray and R. E. Warner). CEIR 12(23) :6-8-62. - 608 - Figures of Ochyromera ligustri Warner: 1.- Adult. 2. — Anterior view of prothoracic leg. 3. — Outline of visible abdominal sterna. 4. - Lateral view of male rostrum. 5. — Same of female. 6. — Antenna of female. 7. — Outline of lateral view of median lobe of male genitalia. 8. — Dorsal view of apex of median lobe of male genitalia. References: 1. Warner, R. E. 1961. Coleopterists' Bul. 15(4) :121-124. 2. Wray, D. L. 1961. Ibid. 15(4):119-120. 3. Wray, D. L. 1960. North Carolina Dept. Agr. Ins. Surv. Inf. Note No. 1, 1 p. (Mimeographed) . - 609 - STATUS OF SOME IMPORTANT PESTS IN THE UNITED STATES GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata (Newport) ) Economic Importance: The garden symphylan is frequently reported as a serious pest in greenhouses as well as in truck and home gardens. It has been considered to be among the 10 more important pests in Oregon and Washington in recent years. Rhubarb, beans and strawberries were damaged so severely during the 1961 season ‘as to necessitate replanting in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. This animal, which has some of the characteristics of centipedes (Chilopoda) , proturans and bristletails (Insecta), has become as important economically as its insect relatives. The name "'Symphyla" was chosen in 1881 to indicate this phylogenetic affinity. Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Europe and parts of North Africa, this species has been recorded in the Western Hemisphere in Argentina, Canada, Cuba, Mexico and the United States, including Hawaii (see map). Hosts: The extremely varied diet includes both living and decaying vegetable matter. This symphylan attacks most plants grown in greenhouses in both raised benches and ground beds. In gardens, injury is primarily to seedlings or other tender growth such as asparagus spears. It has also been recorded as feeding on mushrooms. DISTRIBUTION OF GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata (Newport) ) « \ \ \ MN : E \ \\, : 4 \ = } * Recorded, Locality Not Known nv Literature references: Georgia, Map compiled in Survey and Detection Operations verature roferncon: Ge Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Reasearch heres \ Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, from “Hl oo Sy NUM sEStalscaortatinrecnessees all available State and Federal records. \\W C2 West) Virginia d L ‘ . May 31, 1962 ii PS ye id PQ A - 610 - Life History, Habits and Description: An eyeless animal with a complex metamor- phosis, the garden symphylan may live for several years and may have in excess of 50 molts. It inhabits only moist places and is almost entirely subterranean throughout its life. It is unable to force its way through the soil because of its delicate structure and must confine its movements through natural cracks and crevices. EGG - About 0.5 mm. in diameter, pearly white and covered with a net— work of tiny ridges. Eggs are laid in runways in soil in clusters of 5 to 15 or more. Various investigators state the incubation period to be 7 to 21 days. IMMATURE - Newly hatched instars have 6 pairs of legs and 6 obvious antennal segments. They acquire one additional pair of legs for each of the next 6 molts, or until the seventh instar, when the full complement of 12 pairs are developed. During this period, 18 to 21 additional antennal segments are formed, making a total of 24 to 27 on the seventh instar, ADULT - Very delicate, light cream color and so transparent that food in the alimentary tract shows through. The adult continues to molt and add additional antennal segments which may be regen- erated if broken off. Adults range in length, according to various investigators, from 2 to 9.5 mm., with 5-8 mm. a more common measurement, Sexual maturity occurs some time after the seventh molt. (Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in cooperation with other ARS agencies). CEIR 12(23) :6-1-62 Stages of Scutigerella immaculata Newport: A, egg; B, first instar; C, second instar; D, third instar; E, fourth instar; F, fifth instar; G, sixth instar; H, seventh instar; I, adult. Major references: Filinger, G. A. 1931. The Garden Symphylid, Scutigerella immaculata Newport. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 486, 33 pp. Michelbacher, A. E, 1938. The Biology of the Garden Centipede, Scutigerella immaculata. Hilgardia 11(3): 55-148, illus. rine g. i) aoe we7enn AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 June 15, 1962 Number 24 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Recent GRASSHOPPER hatch in parts of southwestern Kansas may change situation in area; nymphs 50-100 per square yard in spots along roadsides. Populations increasing in Roosevelt and Chaves Counties, New Mexico, and heavy numbers of Metator pardalinus moving into Union County of the same State. About 1,000 acres of range heavily infested by grasshoppers in Goshen Hole area of Wyoming. TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER and RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER nymphs present in Wisconsin and light grasshopper hatch noted in 5 Minnesota districts. (p. 613). EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses and larvae present in parts of Kansas and Missouri, and egg masses observed in areas of Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Larvae light in central and western sections of Maryland on more advanced corn. (p. 614). CORN EARWORM damaging to various crops in parts of Texas and light infestations present on corn in Oklahoma and Kansas. ARMYWORM moths numerous in Wisconsin. (p. 615). GREENBUG populations increased consider- ably in Wisconsin, but still generally light. Also generally light in Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota and Illinois. (p. 616). THRIPS damaging to crops in Illinois, Missouri, Georgia, Maryland and New York. (p. 617). ALFALFA WEEVIL continues damaging to alfalfa in several states; some fields in New York severely damaged. (p. 617). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damaging young alfalfa locally in Dona Ana County, New Mexico. (p. 618). PERIODICAL CICADA outbreak severe in areas of Clermont County, Ohio, and emer= gence reported in areas of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York and Connecticut. (pp. 622,634). EUROPEAN RED MITE and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE troublesome in orchards in several states. (p. 622). WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER found on several properties in Clark County, Nevada. In Florida, CITRUS RED MITE populations lowest on record for time of year, but more groves infested with TEXAS CITRUS MITE than in any other year. (p. 623). A LEAF MINER, probably SPINACH LEAF MINER, found in many sugar beet fields in area of Goshen County, Wyoming; heaviest infestations 20-37 larvae per 100 plants. (p. 626). BOLL WEEVIL emerging from hiberantion and moving into cotton in most Southern States. (pp. 627-628). BOLLWORMS increasing rapidly in most areas of Alabama and increasing in parts of Texas, but infestations light or noneconomic in other cotton-producing states that reported. (p. 628). FLEAHOPPERS increasing in several states and damaging cotton. THRIPS damage reported in South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, Texas and Arizona. (p. 629). Infestations of a SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) heavier and more wide- spread in Arkansas than at any time in past 10 years; defoliation ranged from light to heavy. ELM SPANWORM infestations have been heavy in areas of Arkansas and North Carolina. LINDEN LOOPER light to heavy in parts of Pennsylvania, and CANKERWORMS damaging in several states. (pp. 632-633). ELM LEAF BEETLE most commonly reported pest species in Oklahoma; quite destructive locally in Maryland; feeding quite noticeable, with controls underway in western New York; and first- generation infestations heavier than usual in northern Arkansas, with some defoliation noted. (pp. 633-634). OYSTERSHELL SCALE crawlers active in Colorado, Wyoming and Maryland. (p. 634). BIRCH LEAF MINER a problem in areas of New York, Vermont, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. (pp. 634-635). BAGWORM hatching as far north as Illinois and New Jersey. (p. 635). Numerous COCCIDS damaging in Florida. (p. 636). MOSQUITOES annoying in Connecticut, Maryland, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Utah and Arizona. (p. 637). HORN FLY increased or troublesome in Utah, Oklahoma, (Continued on page 612) = Oily Kansas, Iowa and Alabama. BLACK FLIES annoying in North and South Dakota, and present in outbreak numbers in northwest Iowa. Chickens and turkeys reported killed in Sioux County, Iowa. (p. 639). TICKS continue troublesome in several states. (p. 640). JAPANESE BEETLE adults emerged in Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. (pp. 635, 642) DETECTION CALIFORNIA HARVESTER ANT found for first time in Utah, which extends range much further east. (p. 642). New county records are PEAR PSYLLA in Butte County, California (p. 620); ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH in Boone County, Indiana (p. 631); BIRCH LEAF MINER in Lane County, Oregon (pp. 634-635); and IMPORTED FIRE ANT in Hardee County, Florida (p. 642). SPECIAL REPORTS Beet Leafhopper Survey in Idaho. (pp. 625-626). Status of Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 638). Reports in this issue are for week ending June 8, unless otherwise indicated. 28 6 FE 2 6 2k 2 2c 2 2 ik > 2K 2k WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 11 Much fair weather prevailed over the country during the week, with moderate temperatures and variable precipitation. While much of the Great Plains had excessive rainfall, the northern Rockies and central Plateau regions had unseasonably cool weather. However, temperatures in the eastern one-half of the Nation averaged close to normal. The upper Ohio Valley and lower Great Lakes areas led the country in warmer than normal temperatures, with 5° departures in northern Indiana and southern Michigan. Slightly below normal averages were observed in the central Atlantic States and other scattered locations east of the Mississippi River. West of a line from Mississippi to western North Dakota, cooler than normal temperatures dominated the picture. Notable exceptions were central and southern Texas and the Interior Valley of California. Daily maxima at Presidio, Texas, exceeded 90° and soared to 107° on the final day. Tempera- tures over 90° were observed almost daily in the Interior Valley of California. Red Bluff, California, at the northern end of the Valley, reported a 95° maximum on the 7th and 8th. Precipitation came mostly as showers from thunderstorms along transient squall lines and frontal systems. However, little or no rainfall was reported in extreme southern and western Texas, the scuthwestern half of New Mexico, southern (Weather continued on page 630) = 613) = CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS —- IDAHO - Hatch of Melanoplus sanguinipes and M. bivittatus very much delayed by wet, cold weather; generally 2 per square yard. (Evans) . OREGON - Majority of Camnula pellucida hatched in Burns area, Harney County, by June 4; during week of May 28-June 4, 700 acres of eggbeds treated with ground equipment. Surveys for grasshoppers and Mormon crickets in Monument area, Grant County, and Arlington area, Gilliam County, revealed counts of less than one per square yard. (Jackson). CALIFORNIA —- Medium nymphal popula- tions of Oedaleonotus enigma in dry grass in Cana area, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Various species of grasshoppers, mostly nymphs, averaged 20-35 per square yard in cheatgrass in Rosebud Canyon, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Del Curto, Maloney, Martinelli). C. pellucida heavily infesting 50 acres, and unknown acreage with light to medium infestation in Denio area, Humboldt County (Uriarte) ; unknown acreage of crested wheatgrass reported heavily infested with same species in Paradise Valley, Humboldt County (Del Curto). O. enigma aver- aged 40 per square yard in Rebel Creek area, Humboldt County. (Del Curto). WYOMING - Approximately 4,000 acres of range infested with several grasshoppers in Goshen Hole area of Platte and Goshen Counties. About 1,000 acres heavily infested with counts ranging as high as 60 per square yard. Species found were Amphitornus coloradus (2-3 instar), Cordillacris occipitalis (2-3 instar), Aulocara elliotti (2-3 instar), Melanoplus spp. (2-3 instar) and Melanoplus confusus (adult). Infestation also found northeast of Lusk, Niobrara County; second instars of Cordillacris sp. and first instars of Aulocara elliotti found in area. (Spackman). NEBRASKA —- Second instars of Melanoplus differentialis averaged 35 per square yard in Knox County pasture. M. differentialis, M. Ssanguinipes, M. bivittatus and M. femurrubrum ranged 30-40 per square yard in Cedar County field margins. M. differentialis second instars were 3 per 10 sweeps, with M. femurrubrum just hatching in Thurston County. (Bell, Roselle). Field margin populations less than 1 per square yard in Antelope, Boone, Greeley, Merrick and Nance Counties. Heavy rains in this area reduced populations. Species mostly M. differentialis. (Bergman). KANSAS - Recent grasshopper hatch in parts of southwestern area may change situation in area; roadside populations spotty, but some areas have 50-100 nymphs per square yard. (Gates). NEW MEXICO - Grasshoppers increasing in Roosevelt and Chaves Counties, In Roosevelt County, 30,000 acres infested, with counts 5-35 per square yard. In Chaves County, 21,000 acres infested, with counts 6-19 per square yard. Heavy populations of Metator ardalinus moving into Union County; about 5,000 acres infested. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Hatching of grasshoppers continues in areas throughout State. Some small nymphs observed in cultivated crops in southern and central areas. Counts in one alfalfafield in east central area averaged 7 small nymphs per Square yard. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - First to third instars of Melanoplus spp. varied 0-81 (averaged 36) per square yard and 0-2,600 (averaged 720) per 100 sweeps in grassy roadsides, ditchbanks, etc. in west district, and 0-99 (averaged 29) per square yard and 0-1,250 (averaged 449) per 100 sweeps in central district. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Grasshoppers hatched, probably M. differentialis, and feeding on new seeding alfalfa in Woodbury County. Grass- hoppers also hatching in southwest area June 1. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Peterson; June 4). MINNESOTA - Light grasshopper hatch observed in some fields in central, south central, southwest, west central and northwest districts. In Kittson County (northwest district), counts less than 5 per square yard. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - First to third instars of Melanoplus bivittatus, 50 per square yard, noted in 2 alfalfa fields on Adams-Waushara County line. Damage evident along margins where counts were more than 100 per square yard. A very few M. femur- rubrum have hatched, about 5 days earlier than in 1961, in alfalfa fields in Adams, Marquette, Sauk and Dane Counties. Hatching of this species not expected to be of any consequence for another week or two. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - Trace, scattered infestations in Rosebud Canyon area, Pershing County, with some adults present. (Bechtel, Del Curto, Maloney, Martinelli). - 614 - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Status of infestations in 4 counties tabulated below. (Burkhardt) . County Percent of and Size of Corn Plants Date Infested Infested Stage of Borer Riley 32-38" Less than 5 Fresh egg masses to second instar June 4 Shawnee 40-52" 1-20 Fresh egg mass and first to third June 7 instar. Few in midribs Jefferson 42-72" Ranged 4-20 Fresh egg masses to third instar. June 7 Averaged 11 Highest number 4 borers per plant. Douglas 48-56" 3-12 First to third instars, June 7 Shot-hole and midrib damage. MISSOURI - Moth activity and egg deposition continues throughout central and northern areas. In early planted fields in central area, 25-75 percent of fields show leaf-feeding damage. Weather has been excellent for high survival of.egg masses and small larvae. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA - Development at Ankeny: 90 percent pupation, 9 percent emerged, 7 egg masses on 500 plants May 29. Development in northern area of State considerably behind central area. Corn growth about same throughout State. Careful observation of corn recommended. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). NORTH DAKOTA —- Pupation started in Richland County; 8 percent. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Pupation 100 percent in south central district; one adult found in Watonwan County. Borer development is still ahead of corn, (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Development in northera area: 4.7 percent larvae, 85 percent pupae and 10.3 percent adult emergence. In east district, 21.3 percent pupae and 78.5 percent emerged, with no larvae found, In west-— southwest district, emergence 100 percent. Egg mass counts per 100 plants as follows: 20-50 and averaged 34 on corn 35-37 inches high in west district, with lady beetle adults and predaceous mites already destroying some egg masses; 10-40 and averaged 20 on corn 27-36 inches high in central district, with few predators observed. One field in east district,with corn 40 inches tall, had 150 egg masses per 100 plants. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Egg laying on corn 36 inches high running about 2 masses per 10 plants; accumulated total about 5 masses per 10 plants. (Everly). NEW YORK - Sufficient borers emerging in Hudson Valley to require controls on sweet corn. Egg masses found in field at Poughkeepsie on May 31. No borer damage noted on sweet corn in Nassau and Columbia Counties. Egg masses found June 1 in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). MASSACHUSETTS - Egg masses observed. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). PENNSYLVANIA - Egg masses present on sweet corn in Clinton and Northumberland Counties, but not heavy. (Gesell). MARYLAND - Larval infestations in more advanced field corn ranged 5-67 percent in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. Light in central and western sections of State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - GEORGIA - Moderate infestation in field of corn in Grady County. (Johnson), Light infestation in field corn in Lee County. (Dupree, May 30). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MARYLAND - Half-grown larvae infesting several border plants in field corn at Lexington Park, St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CORN BORERS - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestations in corn in Henderson County; 3-5 per stalk in several fields. Corn in pretassel stage. Heavy, widespread infestations in Upshur County; damage reported in new and old fields. Species probably Zeadiatraea grandiosella in both counties. (Spann, Henry). — F613) — CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Appearing in large numbers on corn in Trinity River bottom area in Kaufman County. Corn just beginning to tassel and at least 1 larva in nearly every terminal. Most larvae now third to fifth instar. (Wagner). Attacking vetch in Delta County. Medium to heavy infesta- tions in most areas of county. Larvae feeding on green pods of vetch. (Turney). Heavy, widespread infestations on sweet corn in preroasting ear stage. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light, 10 per 100 stalks, on corn in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Lightly scattered populations, first to fourth instar, in whorls of field corn in northeast area. (Burkhardt). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - Moths being caught in blacklight traps in unusually large numbers. Total of approximately 1,200 caught in trap at Madison during week ending June 8 and about 800 in trap in Mazomanie during nights of June 2 and 3. Grain fields in particular should be watched carefully. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - On Eastern Shore, larvae passed peak abundance and pupation is underway in Caroline County. Light to moderate larval infestations continue to occur in small grains and pastures on upper Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Widespread, medium to severe infestations around Mitchells and Rapidan on small grains in Culpeper County. (Heltzel, May 31). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - FLORIDA - Lightly infesting 210 acres of sweet corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, on May 23. (Smith). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - ILLINOIS - Light and spotted infestation in northeast district. Minor damage observed in west district; larvae heavily infested by predaceous mites. (111. Ins. Rpt.). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - WYOMING - Some damage occurring to corn seedlings in Goshen County; counts averaged less than 1 per square foot. (Fullerton). A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy to moderate injury to field corn in Dauphin County; well drained areas worst. (Menusan). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Several fields of susceptible varieties of wheat in Mound Valley area of Labette County (southeast) infested; some straw breakage reported. (Ford). "Flax-seeds" found in several fields in a central area. Infestations appear very light in extreme south central area. Peters). WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - NEBRASKA - Less than 1 percent of wheat infested in eastern third of State. (Bell, Roselle, McClure, Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults averaged 7 per 10 sweeps on oats in Minnehaha County. (Hintz). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 10 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa and 10 per linear foot of row on corn in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps on vetch in Madison County. (Bell, Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults present, 1 per 10 sweeps, in 4 small grain fields in Minnehaha, Hanson and McCook Counties, (Hintz). ILLINOIS - Feeding on 1-6 (average 3.5) percent of corn plants in west district, with 0-30 (average 11.3) adults per 100 plants. In central district, feeding noted on 0-8 (average 2.3) percent of plants, with 0-60 (average 10) adults per 100 plants. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - KANSAS - Only 3, less than half grown, larvae found after carefully washing, dissecting and examining 15 corn root systems from a Riley County field (northeast area) heavily infested in 1961. (Burkhardt). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-80 (averaged 38) per 100 corn plants in west district and 0-10 (averaged 1.3) in central district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEW YORK - Numbers continue low on sweet corn in Hudson Valley. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). ="6164— A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus callosus) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestation in field of corn in Grady County. (Johnson). WIREWORMS - MINNESOTA - Damage to corn observed in southwest district; counts of damaged plants low, averaged 5 per 100 plants. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Des- troyed 25 acres of corn in Butler County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Connelly; May 4). WYOMING - Counts of Limonius sp. averaged 1 per square yard in winter wheat south of Lingle and in Yoder area; only an occasional wireworm found in other areas of Goshen County. Damage to corn light in Goshen County; counts averaged 1 per square foot in infested fields. (Fullerton). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Attacking terminals of grain sorghum in Grayson County. Lady beetles on increase and will probably control infestation. Aphids now infesting grain sorghum in most areas of county. (Oakly). OKLAHOMA —- Populations 6-9 per linear foot of row on young sorghum in Tillman County; light on Johnson grass along roadsides in same area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Infesting 50-80 percent of stalks in cornfield in Morris County, east central area; counts averaged 75 per infested stalk. Corn knee-high. (Mills, Sifuentes, Peters). Also noted on corn in Riley, Shawnee, Jefferson and Douglas Counties. (Burkhardt). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - NEBRASKA - Very light on small grains in north- east; averaged 1 per 10 sweeps on wheat in central and northeast areas. (Bell, Bergman, Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA —- Counts 2-3 per 10 sweeps on small grains in Davison and Hanson Counties; 25 percent alates. (Hintz). Found in Brookings and Roberts Counties on underground parts of oats; yellow dwarf disease noted in areas where populations were high during early part of May. (Orlob). IOWA - Aphids and yellow dwarf disease present on oats in Lee, Emmet, Sioux, Palo Alto and Osceola Counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 4). MINNESOTA - Generally quite low over entire State; highest numbers 100 per 100 sweeps in winter rye in southeast district. Predators quite low generally. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Popula- tions increased 40-fold in western part of State since survey 2 weeks previous. Populations generally low, averaging about 15 per 10 sweeps, and found principally along the counties adjacent to Mississippi River and in a few fields in Juneau and Monroe Counties and near Illinois State line. "Red leaf'' disease generally rare, except for an area in southern Trempealeau County where symptoms occur on 70 percent of plants and greenbugs average 3 per plant. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Very light in oats in west district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - NEVADA —- Generally light, but increasing, on young grain in Lovelock area, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Martinelli, Sebbas, Snyder). NEBRASKA - Counts 2 per 10 sweeps on wheat in Burt County. (Bell, Roselle). NORTH DAKOTA - Found on oats in Cass County; counts 2 per 10 sweeps. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Increased somewhat, counts generally 3-10 per 10 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Remains relatively low in wheat and oats in west and central districts; varied 0-150 per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Rpt.). FALSE CHINCH BUGS - OKLAHOMA - Nysius sp. numerous on alfalfa in Duncan and El Reno areas and heavy on lawn in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - N. raphanus infested grass at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, on May 8. (Todd). CHINCH BUGS —- NEW YORK - Active in lawns in Westchester County and found in Nassau County on May 31. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 4). TEXAS — Medium, heavy, local infestations of Blissus sp. attacking St. Augustine grass in Dallas and Jasper Counties. (Milikien, King). A MIRID (Labops hesperius) - COLORADO - Damaging crested wheatgrass in Grand County; controls being applied. (Teegarden). MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolobratus) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-120 (averaged 46.7) per 100 sweeps in grass in west district and 0-40 (averaged 11) per 100 sweeps in central district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). = 617 -— THRIPS (undetermined) - MISSOURI - Heavy populations observed on small corn. Silvering of leaves evident in southern and central area and will be prevalent in State on late-planted corn. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS -— Abundant in oats in west district; 720-2,400 per 100 sweeps. Also common, up to 30 per leaf, on corn in west district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEW YORK — Numerous on sweet corn in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). MARYLAND - Abundant on, and causing noticeable streaking of, young corn and soybean leaves in Caroline, Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light infestations on peanuts in Irwin, Tift, Colquitt and Baker Counties. (Johnson). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEVADA - Heavy in several alfalfa and alfalfa-grain fields in Preston-Lund area, White Pine County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). COLORADO - Averaged 5-15 per plant on spring grain in Garfield County. Injury evident; controls may be practical where there is sufficient moisture to make a crop. (Bulla). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Larvae moderately abundant in some Jackson County alfalfa week of June 3; slight damage occurred as weather delayed first cutting. (Capizzi). CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium on alfalfa in Los Banos, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Larvae varied 0-20 per sweep in treated fields in Preston-Lund area, White Pine County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). Only occasional larva collected in most treated fields in Lovelock area, Pershing County, but some treated fields averaged 250-300 larvae per sweep and untreated fields averaged 400 per sweep. Eggs still being laid, with all in- stars present and pupation underway. (Bechtel, Martinelli, Sebbas, Snyder). UTAH - Damage conspicuous in some Cache County areas; frequent rains prevented controls. (Knowlton, June 5). Damage increasing as weather warmed up. (Knowlton, June 8). WYOMING - Larval counts in Goshen County alfalfa averaged 37 per 100 sweeps; adults averaged 12 per 100 sweeps. Adults in Fremont County averaged 8 per 100 sweeps with little larval activity found. (Fronk). COLORADO - Larval population on alfalfa about same as previous week; damage comsiderable in some fields. Parasitism of larvae increased. (Jenkins). NEW YORK - Some fields of alfalfa in Orange, Dutchess and Columbia Counties suffering heavy damage. Many fields in Copake-Ancram area of Columbia County, completely riddled and, coupled with dry weather, have reduced yields to one-third of usual. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). MASSACHUSETTS - First pupation observed May 31. (Ziener). MARYLAND - Larvae and adults causing moderate to heavy injury to untreated second-growth alfalfa in Dorchester and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - OHIO - Newly emerged adults observed in Franklin County on June 4. Emerging population expected to be light. (Sechriest). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 1-8 per 10 sweeps in Knox and Thurston County sweetclover. (Bell, Roselle). NORTH DAKOTA —- Active on alfalfa in southeastern counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2-14 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Davison, Hanson, Potter and Minnehaha Counties. (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA — Active on alfalfa in southeastern counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epjlachna varivestis) - DELAWARE — Adults feeding on soy- beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary) . BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Adults causing moderate to heavy foliage injury to soybeans in Dorchester, Caroline and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 feet of row in soybeans varied 0-100 (averaged 20) in west district and 0-60 (averaged 35) in central district. (Gomes say Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Appearing in Mankato area; population low. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). - 618 - ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta fabricii) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 4 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Gregory County. (Walstrom, Hintz). MISSOURI - Observed feeding in an alfalfafield in east central area; counts averaged 6-10 per sweep in several places in field. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Populations decreased considerably in most alfalfa in southern counties because of higher daytime temperatures. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Infestations increased in southeast area alfalfa; increase probably due to very cool nights in area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Light in Orovada, Humboldt County, alfalfa seed fields. (Uriarte). Highest counts averaged 35 per sweep in Lovelock area, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Martinelli, Sebbas, Snyder). Averaged 5-60 per sweep in Preston-Lund area, White Pine County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). COLORADO - Populations erratic in Arkansas River Valley and northeastern area; counts 100-1,400 per 100 sweeps. Fields with high populations may have a dry appearance. Cutting, when weather is hot and dry, will reduce populations. (Schweissing, Jenkins). WYOMING - Populations increasing very slowly due to extreme weather conditions. Counts per 100 sweeps averaged 65 in Goshen County, with some areas showing decrease from 3 weeks ago, and 44 in Fremont County, with some fields showing popula- tions as high as 195. (Fullerton, Fronk). IDAHO - Counts in alfalfa 15 per sweep in Lewiston vicinity, and 10 per sweep near Spalding, Nez Perce County; counts 5 per 25 sweeps near Moscow, Latah County. (Halfhill). WISCONSIN - Counts per sweep on alfalfa averaged 18 in Iowa County, 7 in Grant County, 13 in Sauk County, 21 in Adams County, 20 in Juneau County, 32 in Monroe County, 11 in Lafayette County, 87 in Trempealeau County, 100 in Prairie du Chien area and 22 in La Crosse County area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Populations increased sharply; counts per 100 sweeps by district as follows: Central - 500, south central - 1,700, southwest - 1,000, southeast -— 800, west central - 170. Predators active. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA — Counts 150-200 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Richland County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - General throughout central area; 50-500 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (Hintz). NEBRASKA - Counts 52 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Thurston County and 80 per 10 sweeps on vetch in Madison County. (Bell, Roselle). Ranged 15-60 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa and vetch in central area. (Bergman). OKLAHOMA - Generally light on alfalfa throughout State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Building up slightly on second-growth alfalfa on Eastern Shore; ranged 25-44 per sweep. (U Md., Ent. Dept.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OREGON - Found in Jackson County alfalfa week of June 3; earlier than in previous seasons. (Winters). NEVADA - None found in Orovada area, Humboldt County; Lovelock area, Pershing County; and Preston-Lund area, White Pine County. (Uriarte, Bechtel, Martinelli, Sebbas, Snyder, Lauderdale). NEW MEXICO - Damaging young alfalfa in Hatch area, Dona Ana County; most fields treated. Moderate to heavy in alfalfa in Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light, 20 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa in Choctaw County (southeast); 0-80 per 10 sweeps in Tillman County (southwest); and light in Washita County (west central). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA —- Ranged 1-14 per 100 sweeps in Charles Mix and Gregory Counties. (Walstrom, Hintz). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Medium to heavy, 80-250 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa and vetch in Choctaw County, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Observed in all fields of alfalfa and clover checked in . central and east central areas; counts ranged 2-8 per sweep. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). NEBRASKA —- Ranged 2-6 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in northeast. (Bell, Roselle). NORTH DAKOTA —- Averaged 5 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in southeastern counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Nymphs appearing in south central and southwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults and nymphs frequently encountered. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). VERMONT - Ranged 2-3 per sweep on untreated birdsfoot trefoil. (MacCollom). MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1 per sweep on second-growth alfalfa in Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). = 619 - LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - Populations, mostly nymphs, averaged 1-2 per sweep in Orovada area, Humboldt County (Uriarte), and 3-5 per sweep in maturing alfalfa fields in Lovelock area, Pershing County (Bechtel, Martinelli, Sebbas, Snyder). IDAHO - Ranged from a few to 5 per sweep in alfalfa in Clearwater River area. (Halfhill). WYOMING - Adults averaged 17 and nymphs 31 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Goshen County. (Fullerton). Counts per 100 sweeps in Fremont County averaged 50 nymphs (ranged as high as 225) and 4 adults. (Fronk). NEW MEXICO - Increasing in alfalfa; counts per 25 sweeps averaged 15-30 in Dona Ana County and 35-40 in Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). PLANT BUGS - NEBRASKA - Adelphocoris rapidus averaged 4 per 10 sweeps on vetch in Madison County. (Bell, Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lygus lineolaris, A. lineo- latus and A. rapidus ranged 2-15 per 10 sweeps in legume fields in central area. (Hintz). MINNESOTA - A. lineolatus and A. rapidus counts per 100 sweeps averaged 100 in central district, 400 in south central district, 200 in south- west district and 166 in southeast district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - A. rapidus adults appearing in alfalfa in western area; nymphs generally quite numerous, averaging about 3 per sweep in some fields. Nymphs of A. lineolatus continue noticeable; 10 per sweep not uncommon. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - VERMONT - Prevalent on most legumes. (MacCollom). MARYLAND - Adults common on second=growth alfalfa and clover in Montgomery and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation in red clover and goldenrod in Erie County. (Barry). MINNESOTA -— Light in Mower and Freeborn Counties. (Minn: Ins. Rpt.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Some increase in adult population reported in alfalfa statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults light in alfalfa in Howard and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.) PENNSYLVANIA - Nymphs observed on alfalfa in southeast on May 31. (Menusan). VERMONT - Found on legumes at West Haven, Rutland County. (MacCollom). ILLINOIS -— Adults varied 70-300 (averaged 146) per 100 sweeps in soybeans in west district and 60-200 (averaged 120) in central district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Becoming increasingly more common on alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Counts per 100 sweeps low; 2-32 in central, southeast, south central and southwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Davison and McCook Counties. (Hintz). CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 3-5 per 10 sweeps on legumes throughout central area of State. (Hintz). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 5 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Potter County and 8 per 10 sweeps in Davison County. (Hintz). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Adult and larval activity has been moderate to heavy in Milton-Freewater area alfalfa since May 20. (Hanna). IDAHO - Large numbers found in light traps in Twin Falls. (Peay). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Hanson County. (Hintz). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa; counts per 10 sweeps on alfalfa 15 in Cotton County and 0-10 in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) — MARYLAND - First and second instars abun- dant; ranged 3-7 per sweep on second—growth alfalfa at Cambridge, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - NEW MEXICO - Populations heavy in alfalfa in Dona Ana, Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). = 4620) — TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Appeared in Jackson Coufty alfalfa unusually early and will require close observation. (Winters, June 5). SPIDER MITES —- MARYLAND - Causing noticeable injury to red clover at Havre de Grace, Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FRUIT INSECTS PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) — MISSOURI - Newly emerged adults evident on untreated plums and peaches in southeastern area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). WISCONSIN - Emergence and egg laying noted in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO —- Heavy damage noted on untreated or poorly treated trees. Larvae unusually heavy at Wooster, Wayne County, and approximately 2 weeks earlier than in 1961. (Cutright, Rings). CONNECTICUT - Very active May 31-June 1, then activity tapered off over most of the State; probably past peak by June 8. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND - Active statewide; reports of 4-5 "stings" per untreated tree not unusual in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). NEW YORK —- Ovipo- sition continues at high levels in untreated plantings; controls effective in western area and in Ulster County. Remains active in Columbia County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). VERMONT - Not a problem. (MacCollom). APHIDS (unidentified) - OREGON - Moderately abundant on new growth in pear orchards in Jackson County; predator populations, particularly syrphid flies, expected to keep populations in check. (Capizzi). WISCONSIN - Increasing on apple foliage in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MISSOURI - Heavy in southeastern area on poorly treated or untreated apple orchards. Dense colonies scattered through orchards in central area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). OHIO - Heavy, primary infestations noted in commercial orchards in Wayne County. (Cutright). NEW JERSEY - Present in many orchards, but not damaging yet. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 5). CONNECTICUT - Definite increase in numbers noted throughout State. (Savos). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) — OHIO - Adults now migrating. (Cutright). RHODE ISLAND - Very light statewide; occasionally found on suckers and terminals of untreated apple trees. (Mathewson). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA — Moderately infested 50 pear trees at De Land, Volusia County. (Roberts, May 23). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Adult collected locally in Paradise, Butte County; this is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Extremely rare in Jackson County in commercial pear orchards week of June 2. (Capizzi). NEW YORK - First summer—brood adults observed at Geneva, Ontario County, May 20; some overwintered adults still present. Oviposition by former noted May 28. (Neo Ye Wkly’. Rpt .)!: WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - RHODE ISLAND - Light on untreated apples in Johnston, Providence County. (Mathewson). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW YORK - First entries found in orchard at Geneva, Ontario County, June 1; this is earliest hatch of 13-year record. Adults flying but not ovipositing in Columbia County. Emergence steady but light in Monroe County and appearance continues in bait traps in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). VERMONT - No evidence of emergence although over 50 percent of overwintered larvae now pupated. (MacCollom). OHIO - Peak emer- gence occurred at Wooster, Wayne County, May 19; stragglers still appearing. First larval entries on untreated tree June 5. (Cutright). INDIANA - Late emergence still occurring in orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County; emergence OZ in overwintering cages under trees complete. First-brood activity in most orchards light; early larvae beginning to leave apples and pupate. (Hamilton, Jume 5). Peak of first-brood entry past, although attack from packinghouses and roadside stands continues to present problem in many plantings in several south central counties. (Marshall, June 5). MISSOURI - Larvae nearly full grown in all areas of State; pupation expected week of June 10. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). KANSAS - Entries noted where controls not applied to apple trees in Doniphan County. (Eshbaugh). UTAH - Largest flight noted June 2 at Logan, Cache County. (Davis, Knowlton). OREGON - First adults of season noted June 2 in Benton County and Jume 4 in Lane County. (Jones, Tinker). EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - RHODE ISLAND — Larvae found on untreated apple trees throughout State. (Mathewson). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK - Hatch of first brood virtually completed in all zones by June 1. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). VERMONT - Not a problem, (MacCollom). CONNECTICUT - Most egg masses hatched, except in cooler part of State. (Savos). OHIO - Light infestations occurred to June 8. (Cutright). INDIANA - First-brood larvae pupating in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Hamilton, June 5). WISCONSIN - Emerged during blossomtime at Gays Mills, Crawford County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - WISCONSIN - Larvae feeding on foliage and young fruit at Gays Mills, Crawford County, and in Door County. Populations rather high at Gays Mills. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSOURI - Adults observed in St. Louis area June 2; new entries reported in peach terminals in southeastern area June 4, (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). PENNSYLVANIA - Immature stages active in tips of twigs of peaches in Erie and northeastern area; larvae one-half to two-thirds grown. (Adams). CONNECTICUT - Larval injury noted on peaches in Glastonbury area, Hartford County; pest remains scarce. (Savos). LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - PENNSYLVANIA — Adult emergence noted; pupae and full-grown larvae present in peach orchards in Erie and north- western area. (Adams). INDIANA - Adults extremely active in orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County; emergence started at Vincennes May 28. (Hamilton). MISSOURI - Infested at least one orchard heavily in southeastern area. (Wkly. Rpitisekx) aGis}.))s PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - OREGON - First adults of season collec- ted June 4 in Jackson County. (Berry). CIGAR CASEBEARER (Coleophora serratella) - RHODE ISLAND - Occasionally noted on apple leaves in Johnston, Providence County. (Mathewson). UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - DELAWARE - Apple leaves showing mines in New Castle County. (Kelsey OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) — OREGON - Noted feeding in tips of prune trees in 30-acre orchard near Dallas, Polk County, June 1; infestation general throughout orheard. (Larson). A TENT CATERPILLAR (probably Malacosoma pluviale) - WASHINGTON - Larvae beginning to pupate. Heavy damage to fruit trees, alder, willow and wild rose, Infesta- tion general in San Juan County. Few tachina fly eggs observed. (Baker). EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - NEW YORK = Larvae observed feed- ing on apples May 30 in Ulster County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Secon- dary feeding injury very conspicuous at Storrs, Tolland County, and other orchards around State. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND - Larvae feeding in untreated apples in Johnston, Providence County , and Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). = 622 - PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NEW YORK - Thousands appeared in Columbia County; no egg laying yet. Appeared in several Ulster County orchards May 27; thousands active by May 31. Egg laying expected week of June 4. (N. Y. Wkly.Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Heaviest emergence occurred June 1; peak in orchards believed past by June 8. (Savos). NEW JERSEY - Emerged in numbers in localized areas; controls recommended in orchards. (Ins.-—Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 5). OHIO - Severe outbreak in vicinity of New Richmond, Moscow and Bethel, Clermont County. (Hamilton). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) —- NORTH CAROLINA - Caused serious damage to developing apples in orchard in Henderson County May 22, and current injury in orchard in Avery County probably caused by this species. (Chalfant, Cartner). CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata) - NEW YORK — Emergence started in seeded cages May 28 in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Emergence began from cherries in laboratory cages in Erie County June 3. (Cox). BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) - NEW YORK -— First emergence noted in cages at Geneva, Ontario County, June 2. Appeared in Monroe County May 30. (N. Y. Wkiy. Rpt.). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Increasing on some blocks. (MacCollom). OHIO = Early season populations quite heavy. (Cutright). NEW JERSEY - Building up in many orchards; controls recommended. (Ins.-Dis.-—Weed Newsltr., Jume 5). MISSOURI - Few noted in northwestern area; populations very low in central and western parts of State. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NEW JERSEY -— Building up in many orchards; controls recommended. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 5). OHIO - Frequently noted on apple in limited numbers. (Cutright). OREGON - Populations increasing in several pear orchards in Jackson County; adults and eggs in heaviest concentrations on leaves near centers, with movement to branches evident by week of June 3. (Capizzi, Berry). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Larvae light on pecan leaves locally in De Witt County; first and second instars stripping leaves. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations on 8-12 per- cent of nut clusters observed in McIntosh County; activity continues in other pecan—producing areas of south central and southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - ALABAMA — Second generation completely defoliated some pecan trees in Mobile County; damage appears isolated. (Seibels). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Approximately 10 percent of pecans in Mobile County showing damage; webs ranged 1-6 per tree. (Seibels). A LEAF BEETLE (Anomoea laticlavia) - FLORIDA - Light on 80,000 pecan trees at Orange Heights, Alachua County. (Graham, May 18). A WEEVIL (Conotrachelus sp.) — OKLAHOMA - Larvae mined twigs of pecan in mid-May. Det. by D. M. Anderson. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PAPAYA FRUIT FLY (Toxotrypana curvicauda) - FLORIDA -— Infested papaya at Fort Myers, Lee County. (Walsh,May 17). AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis major) - FLORIDA - Moderate infestations on lychee at Clermont, Lake County. (Hey, May 18). BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - MASSACHUSETTS - Moderately abundant on fruit. (Wheeler, June ae - 623 - A GEOMETRID MOTH (Itame sulphurea) - MASSACHUSETTS - Much more abundant than usual throughout cranberry-growing area of State. (Wheeler, June 4). A NOCTUID MOTH (Xylena nupara) - MASSACHUSETTS - Abundant on cranberries in Plymouth County. ‘Cress . CRANBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus musculus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Abundant on cranberry and blueberry in Barnstable County. (Wheeler, June 4). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae began attack on blue- berries. (Ins.-Dis.—Weed Newsltr., June 5). IMPORTED CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesii) - NORTH DAKOTA - Found defoliating gooseberry plants in garden in Fargo, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - NEVADA - Newly infested properties totaled 25 in North Las Vegas, Clark County; 9 newly infested proper= ties found in Highland Park area, Las Vegas. (Nichols, Zoller). GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) - MISSOURI - Becoming more evident in vineyards in Rosati-Steelville area; causing wilting leaves and unthrifty vines. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). A WEEVIL (Ampeloglypter ater) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestations ranged light to moderate on grape at Girard, Erie County; especially near woods. Up to 5 canes per plant infested. (Adams). MEALYBUGS — MISSOURI - Much in evidence on shoots and especially in axils betweer trunks and branches of grapevines; controls to reduce injury recommended. (Wkly. Rpjitieneh. uGrs\)). A GALL MIDGE (Cecidomyia viticola) - VIRGINIA — Common on Concord grapes in Surry County; severe infestation on flower clusters, vines, leaves and tendrils. (Matheny, May 24). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida —- End of May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop- truta oleivora) infested 33 percent of groves (norm 50 percent); 9 percent economic (norm 30 percent). Populations on both leaves and fruit at lowest level of 11 years of record; infestations will remain below average through June. However, mite can build up rapidly and increases may be expected as drought conditions subside and humidity becomes higher, Highest district Bartow. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 51 percent of groves (norm 73 percent); 27 percent economic (norm 60 percent). Statewide popula- tion lowest of record for time of year and will remain below average through June despite strong increases in some groves. Highest districts Brooksville, Orlando and upper east coast. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 54 percent of groves (norm 32 percent); 33 percent economic (norm 18 percent). More groves infested and population greater than in any other year. Although populations increasing, decline expected after June peak. Highest districts ridge, upper east coast, Bartow and Brooksville. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 84 percent of groves (norm 85 percent); 23 percent economic (norm 21 percent). Population will increase but few infes- tations will be severe. Highest districts ridge and upper east coast. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 37 percent of groves (norm 57 per- cent); 4 percent economic (norm 11 percent). Although increase expected, popu- lation will remain below average and very few infestations will be important in any district. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 44 percent of groves (norm 28 percent); 24 percent economic (norm 14 percent). Populations will increase strongly to peak in early July to above average level. Highest districts Indian River and ridge. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) population highest in 11 years of record; 49 percent of groves infested. Injurious infestations seen in tops and inside canopy of scattered trees in several groves. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) above average abundance and increasing. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred)). - 624 - AMERICAN GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca americana) -— FLORIDA -— Moderately infested 10,000 Citrus spp. at Bay Lake, Lake County. (Henderson, May 16). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - FLORIDA - Moderately infested Citrus spp. at Bay Lake, Lake County. (Henderson, May 14, 16). AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Severe on sour orange at Ocoee (Griffith, May 16, 18) and infested citrus at Clarcona, Orange County (Lent, May 31). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - FLORIDA —- Moderately infested Citrus sp. at St. Joseph, Pasco County. (Sellers, May 23). Lightly infested 40 acres of citrus at Frostproof, Polk County, May 23, 24. (Simmons, Anderson). PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - FLORIDA - Caused moderate infestations on Citrus sinensis at Avon Park, Highlands County. (McAulay, May 18) YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - FLORIDA - Caused moderate infestations on Citrus sinensis at Avon Park, Highlands County (McAulay, May 18) and light infestations on Citrus sp. at Orlando, Orange County (Crews, May 22). CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - FLORIDA -— Infested Citrus spp. at Tavares, Lake County, May 14; at Okahumpka, Manatee County, May 2; Groveland, Lake County, May 2, 15, 22 and 23; at Orlando, Orange County, May 8, 14; and at Lake Jem, Orange County, May 7. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A PHYTOSELID MITE (Amblyseius peregrinus) - FLORIDA - Infested orange at Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County. (Campbell, May 22). TRUCK CROP INSECTS TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infesta- tions attacked tomatoes in Cameron County; caused heavy damage in some tomato fields. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA —- Severe infestations noted on many plantings of strawberries and raspberries; treated fields generally free. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW YORK -— Very heavy egg deposition noted on tomato, pepper and eggplant in coldframes in Suffolk County. Some egg hatch noted in field. Egg masses well distributed in tomato and potato fields in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). MARYLAND - Adults and larvae destructive on untreated potatoes and tomatoes in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLEA BEETLES - VERMONT - Present on tomatoes and potatoes. (MacCollom). NEW YORK Damage heavy in some fields in Suffolk County; activity moderate in Columbia County, but less than usual; and building up in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). MARYLAND - Epitrix spp. ranged light to moderate on potatoes in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - E. cucumeris above normal on potato and tomato plants; commercial acreages generally not troubled, but home gardens are troubled. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). COLORADO - Trace numbers of E. tuberis on potatoes in Weld County; 2-10 per 100 sweeps. (Jenkins) . POTATO STALK BORER (Trichobaris trinotata) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Caused heavy damage to young tomato plants in Lackawanna County. (Gesell). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - COLORADO - Damaged tomatoes in Otero County. (Schweissing). GEORGIA — Light on tomatoes locally in Spalding County. (Dupree, May 31). ALABAMA —- Very active on tomatoes in Mobile, Mobile County. (Seibels). - 625 - POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO -— Adults 30-50 per 100 sweeps on Lycium spp. and eggs 3-6 per leaf in Weld County. Adults 90 per 100 sweeps on volunteer potato plants in cull pile; none found on early potatoes in Weld County. Adults ranged O-1 per 100 sweeps in tomatoes and potatoes in Arkansas Valley; increase and movement to potatoes expected if cool, wet weather contin-=- ues. (Schweissing, Jenkins). WYOMING — Survey in southeastern part of State indicates movement into area; few adults found on matrimonyvine and in cull potato piles. Counts averaged 1 per 100 sweeps; no nymphs found. (Fullerton) . TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MARYLAND - Adults numerous in potato fields in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties; adults caused moderate foliage injury in 8-acre potato field at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on beans and potatoes in Wicomico and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - First adults noted on potatoes May 15 in southeastern area. (Menusan). Adults 4 per plant on potatoes in Clinton County. (Gesell). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae increas- ing and beginning to cause noticeable foliage damage to beans on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae and adults on beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary). ALABAMA — Damage increasing in Tallapoosa, Lee and Chambers Counties. (Barwood) . BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Countywide infestations reported on beans in Okfuskee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Adult, foliage injury to beans continued moderate to heavy in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera ostica) - VIRGINIA - Heavy, adult infestations on beans locally in Floyd County. (Rowell, Talley, May 29). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Adult and larval activity moderate to heavy in Milton-Freewater area on peas for processing since May 20, Bad weather and heavy vine growth made chemical controls only partially effec- tive. (Hanna). WASHINGTON - Infested peas for processing in large area near Walla Walla, Walla Walla County; some fields heavily infested. (Hanna). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA — Caused extensive damage to beans and peas in Covington County. (Stephenson). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) -— WISCONSIN - Increase continues in pea fields; averaged 3.8 per sweep in fields near Spring Green, Sauk County. Counts in southwest low, averaged 1 per sweep. Counts on peas in Centerville-Galesville area, Trempealeau County, averaged 7 per sweep. In Sauk City area, Sauk County, counts averaged 9 per sweep; highest counts in that county on field of blossoming peas averaged 23.5 per sweep. Four-inch, late=season peas showed 1 per plant. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). STINK BUGS - TEXAS — Several species heavy on southern peas in Cherokee County; control results good. (Sides). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - Intermittent cold weather retarded development of spring generation. Although very few new adults found, all stages from newly emerged nymphs to new adults present during week ending May 19. Nymphs that date averaged 4.7 per square foot in Mountain Home-Glenns Ferry area, Elmore County, and 21.4 per square foot in Sailor Creek area south of Glenns Ferry, with populations as high as 300 per square foot in area of anticipated control. Spring, nymphal survey indicated that material benefit will be derived from chemical control on desert range; control began May 21 on 14,000 acres of Bureau of Land Management land south of Glenns Ferry where host plants and nymphs are abundant. Most sagebrush areas with few host plants; = 626 - populations below previous years. Egg hatch delayed and movement into cultivated land expected to start 8-10 days later than normal or around June 5. Movement into Goodings, Jerome and Lincoln Counties expected light this year; movement into western Twin Falls County may be somewhat higher than 1961, although controls should materially reduce potential movement. Peak movement expected last week in June. Test of spring adults indicate 7.5 percent viruliferous in Perrine-Jerome area; 5 percent viruliferous in western Sailor Creek area; 21.9 percent viruliferous in central Sailor Creek area; and 11.5 percent viruliferous in Mountain Home area. All but central Sailor Creek findings were average. (Evans). SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - COLORADO - Eggs appearing on sugar beets in Weld and Larimer Counties; inspection of garden spinach urged. (Jenkins). WYOMING - Larvae, probably this species, found in many sugar beet fields near Torrington and Huntley, Goshen County; heaviest infestations ranged 20-37 larvae per 100 sugar beet plants. (Fullerton). MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs now present; pro- tection needed on beets, chard and spinach. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). STRIPED FLEA BEETLE @hyllotreta striolata) - WYOMING - Larvae caused light damage to sugar beets in Veteran and Huntley areas, Goshen County; counts aver=- aged 1-2 per square foot. (Fullerton). WIREWORMS —- WYOMING = Limonius sp. caused light damage to sugar beets in Goshen County; counts under 1-2 per square foot. (Fullerton). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Populations on cabbage reduced about 10 percent by a virus in Bixby area, Tulsa County. Countywide infesta- tions noted in home gardens on cabbage in Bryan County and local populations present in Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO — Damaged onions in fields in northern Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) - MARYLAND - Larvae destructive to cabbage plants in home garden near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) — MARYLAND - Larvae very destructive to cabbage in several home gardens in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.) ALABAMA —- Damage noted in several home gardens in Lee and Chambers Counties. (Buttram). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Caused severe injury in early cabbage seedbeds in Schuylkill County; chloronated hydrocarbons not effective. Some fields disced,with 50-100 percent loss. (Menusan). Consider- able damage to cabbage appears tapering off in Luzerne, Northumberland Counties. (Gesell). RHODE ISLAND - Maggot reported in CEIR 12(23) :593 on radish con- firmed as this species. (Mathewson). ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) -— MARYLAND - Adults numerous on asparagus at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Eggs hatched and larvae caused severe injury to asparagus in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW YORK — Heavy in 3 treated fields in Orange County May 31. Some noted in Madison-Oneida County area, (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). COLORADO —- Increasing and causing considerable damage in Adams County; maggots present in home gardens in Larimer County. Controls not effective in commercial fields in Adams County where chlorinated hydrocarbons used; intensive program using phosphate-type material appears needed. (Jenkins). UTAH - Damaged several onion fields at Wellsville, Logan and Lewiston, Cache County, and locally in Weber County. (Knowlton). - 627 - ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - NEW YORK - Averaged 4-5 per set and 1-2 per bulb onion on May 29 in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). COLORADO - Ranged 0-15 per plant on seeded onions and averaged 30 per plant on transplanted onions in Arkansas Valley. (Schweissing). A THRIPS (probably Frankliniella occidentalis) - NEW MEXICO — Controls necessary in onion fields in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Spotted, local infestations attacked watermelons in Cameron County. (Day). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - Activity increasing on squash in Tulsa area, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) -— MARYLAND - Numbers above normal this spring on cucumbers and cantaloups in Wicomico and Dorchester Counties, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations killed several squash vines in home gardens. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA —- Very heavy infestations noted in vegetable gardens in Mobile County. (Seibels). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Lightly infested sweetpotatoes at Live Oak, Suwannee County. (Adkins, Tompkins, May 24). OMNIVEROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - WASHINGTON - Infested many strawberry fruits in field in Clark County near Vancouver. (Shanks). GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - WASHINGTON - Much mint heavily damaged in Clark and Cowlitz Counties. (Shanks). TOBACCO INSECTS SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae collected in one field each in southern parts of Jones and Duplin Counties; 5 larvae and 8 unidentified pupae collected from previously reported field in Pamlico County May 30. Det.by R. L. Rabb. (Mount). TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) - NORTH CAROLINA —- Infested 27 percent of tobacco in field in Person County. (Mount). Larval specimens collected in one field each in Johnson and Wilson Counties and 2 fields each in Northampton, Jones, Duplin and Craven Counties. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Guthrie, Mount). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults ranged 1-6 per plant on newly set tobacco in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco in Irwin,Tift and Colquitt Counties. (Johnson). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy rains and local showers increased emergence of overwintering weevils into cotton in Florence area. Treatments of 5-day schedule recommended. (Taft et al.). Present in numbers in fields. Emergence varies from very light to many, depending on moisture conditions. (Cott. Ltr., June 4). GEORGIA - Square counts made in 19 of 29 southern area cotton fields examined. Counts ranged 0-18 (averaged 6) - 628 - percent punctured squares..(Johnson et al.). Weevils ranged 40-130 and averaged 86 per acre in 3 fields of seedling cotton in Spalding County. (Beckham, June 4). ALABAMA - Overwintering weevils becoming more prevalent in cotton in Houston, Henry, Marion, Lauderdale and Limestone Counties. (Buttram). TENNESSEE - Weevil activity increased in southern counties of western area; bud feeding evident. Conditions favorable for buildup. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Weevil activity increased in delta area; light infestations general over area. No high popula- tions found. Damage has been exceptionally low over the area. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Heavy movement of weevils from hibernation quarters to cotton fields occurred in Tallulah area; 500-700 per acre found in 2 untreated fields. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Activity increased in southwest, coastal bend and lower valley areas. Light infestations generally present on cotton in upper coastal, south central, east, central and north central areas, with some spotted infes- tations becoming heavier in these areas. Further increases expected. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). In McLennan and Falls Counties, average number per acre 1 in treated fields and 60 in untreated fields. Punctured squares averaged 3.4 percent. (Cowan, Davis). A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) - ARKANSAS - Has created considerable interest along Arkansas River in Pope County, west central area. Species became numerous in small area some 3-4 years ago. Principal hosts are cotton and soybeans, with cotton preferred host. Feeding signs of leaves very similar to those of white- fringed beetles (Graphognathus spp.). Counts as high as 30-50 per 100 feet of row observed this season, but feeding on cotton leaves of minor importance, Observations over 3-year period indicate that species, at least to date, is noneconomic., Since 1924, species has been collected in Pope, Pulaski, Lee, Crawford, Conway, Woodruff, Jefferson, Johnson and Desha Counties, which are in northwest, central, east central, west central and southeast areas of State. Only records of species appearing in numbers are in Pope County in 1960, 1961 and 1962. Specimens have been collected and are undergoing biological study. Crk.) ins. Sure). FLEA BEETLES - TENNESSEE —- Continue to cause some light damage to most cotton fields in western area. (Locke). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga cribrosa) - TEXAS - Damaged cotton in Dawson Ceunty. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Appeared in light numbers on 8-leaf cotton in Wilson and Scotland Counties; larvae in latter county mostly in second instar. (Robertson, Mitchell). SOUTH CAROLINA —- Adults less numerous than at same time in 1961 in Florence area. (Cott. Ltr., Jume 4). GEORGIA - Counts made in 29 southern area cotton fields. Eggs ranged 0-23 and averaged 4 per 100 terminals, and larvae ranged O-5 and averaged 1 per 100 terminals. (Johnson et al.). ALABAMA - Young larvae and eggs continue to increase rapidly in most areas of State; counts as high as 10-15 larvae and 12-30 eggs per 100 terminals. Some plants extensively damaged. (Buttram). MISSISSIPPI - Light trap catches of moths indicate generally low populations in delta area; occa- sional light infestation reported on cotton. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Few larvae observed in plant terminals in Tallulah area, but few eggs present. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Activity increased in lower valley, southwest and coastal bend areas, and light infestations reported in upper coastal, south central and east areas. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). NEW MEXICO - Adults of Heliothis zea appearing in cotton fields in southern Dona Ana County. (N. M. CoopaiRptns PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO — During May, total of 176 moths emerged from emergence cages at experimental plots located at New Mexico State University. Numbers checked in first week of June showed consider- able decrease from previous weeks. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS -— Numbers unusu- ally early in Nueces and San Patricio Counties. (Cott. Ins. Situation,June 4). =) (B48)! COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - TEXAS - Some moderate infestations found in Jim Wells County. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae averaged 1 per 3 plants in Mohave County cotton; terminal growth damage heavy in some fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLEAHOPPERS (Spanogonicus albofasciatus and Psallus seriatus) - ARIZONA - Populations continue to damage cotton in some fields statewide. S. albofasci- atus most abundant. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - S. albofasciatus populations increasing in many cotton fields. (Slater). NEW MEXICO - S. albofasciatus appearing in Dona Ana County cotton; counts averaged 8-12 per 100 sweeps. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS —- Infestations of P. seriatus increasing. Reported medium in Wharton County, light to medium in Fort Bend County and light to heavy in Liberty County, upper coastal area; light in south central area; light in Waller County, and light to medium and building up in Grimes, Brazos and Robertson Counties and light in Houston and Trinity Counties, eastern area; light in central area; and light in north central area. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). Infestations of P. seriatus at injurious levels in several early planted, untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties; infestation averaged 4 per 100 terminals in treated fields and 11.4 in untreated fields. (Cowan, Davis). PLANT BUGS —- ALABAMA — Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris rapidus relatively common in cotton in Henry and Houston Counties. teureeany MISSISSIPPI - L. lineolaris general on cotton over delta area, but populations variable, 18 per 100 sweeps. Damage light. (Merkl et al.). NEW MEXICO - Young cotton squares just being formed showing damage by Lygus spp. Damage more apparent close to alfalfa in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Adult migration of Lygus spp. from alfalfa and other crops, to cotton, continues in most areas of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). LEAFHOPPERS - TENNESSEE —- Unusually abundant in most fields of cotton in western area and some light damage is occurring. (Locke). APHIDS (undetermined) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Some damage still reported; most counties report a reduction. (Cott. Ltr., June 4). MISSISSIPPI - Populations increased due to cooler weather in delta area. (Merkl et al.). TEXAS - Infes- tations increasing. (Cott. Ins. Situation, Jume 4). NEVADA - Declining on cotton due to heavy lady beetle populations. (Slater). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations on cotton in Pixley area, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Popula- tions still causing noticeable damage to young terminal growth of cotton in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS (undetermined) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Still reported injuring seedling cotton in all Piedmont and many Coastal Plain counties. Many fields treated this year. (Cott. Ltr., June 4). ALABAMA —- Damage ranged from light to moderate in all fields examined. (Buttram). TENNESSEE - Present in all fields surveyed in southern part of western area; some damage occurring to seedling cotton. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Increased on young cotton in delta area where heavy rains did not beat them off. Older cotton past thrips damage stage. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Remain present in all experimental fields in Tallulah area, but less numerous since rains began. Controls may. not be necessary. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Late-planted cotton still being attacked. Infestations ranged from light to heavy in several areas. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy adult and nymphal populations present in Mohave County cotton, In other areas, infestations generally light. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). =) 630) = SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Observed in marginal rows and isolated spots in many fields of young cotton in Lauderdale and Limestone Counties. (Buttram). TEXAS - Infestations increasing. (Cott. Ins. Situation, June 4). NEW MEXICO - Occasional spotted infestations found in Dona Ana County cotton. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Tetranychus sp. killed cotton plants in some untreated fields; most fields treated. (Slater). 2 RK A AR CAR IC 2K 2K 2k Weather of the Week Ending June 11 (Continued from page 612) Utah and Nevada, all of Arizona and much of California. Moderate to locally heavy amounts fell elsewhere in the Far West and hail was reported from scattered points. Local flash flooding occurred in Wyoming from heavy showers. In Oklahoma, flash flooding claimed 2 lives at Sapulpa and heavy runoff caused local flooding in Guthrie and Waurika areas. Clinton, Oklahoma, received 3.12 inches in 24 hours on the 9th. Hail, high winds and tornadoes were reported from other states of the Plains and the Mississippi Valley. Heavy rain estimated between 2.00 and 4.00 inches and large hail to baseball size hit Turkey, Texas, while 60 m.p.h. winds and marble-size hail fell at Wheeler, Texas. Hail damaged crops up to 75 percent near Dalton, Nebraska. A funnel cloud near Warrensburg, Missouri, was said to have dipped down ‘and torn a roof from a barn and damaged 2 farm houses. A tornado on the 5th, near Tyndall, South Dakota, damaged a school and farm buildings. Similar, but less severe, activity occurred along the Atlantic coast. Hail damage was reported from Georgia, and Florida got temporary drought relief from recurring local showers. The first substantial rainfall in 2 weeks came to Connecticut and Rhode Island. However, southern New Jersey and much of the Delmarva Peninsula are having the worst spring drought in recent years. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = 6309 7— FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - INDIANA - Adults began emerging in Pulaski County about 10 days earlier than normal. (Schuder). OHIO - Pupation underway in northeastern area. (Walker). RHODE ISLAND - Probably this species, recovered from black pine in Little Compton, Newport County. (Cartier). PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - VIRGINIA - Past damage evident on many scattered loblolly pine plantations in Fluvanna County; pest evident generally throughout Lunenburg County, causing some defoliation of planted loblolly pine; larvae causing moderate to light damage in loblolly pine plantings in eastern Bedford County south of Chatham, Pittsylvania County. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). PINE TIP MOTHS - ARKANSAS - First-generation larvae reaching full growth and pupating; emergence of second adult brood began about May 18 in southern area and is approaching peak. Damage by first larval brood relatively light; however, damage was severe in widely scattered plantings over State and more severe, in some instances, than during 1961. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). VIRGINIA - Unspecified species caused light damage to Scotch pine in Prince William County; infested complete loblolly pine plantation in Fluvanna County; infested loblolly pine throughout eastern Lunenburg County, but damage not severe. Damage reported in 10 and 8-acre plantings in Pittsylvania and Franklin Counties. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - INDIANA - Infestation reported at Zionsville, Boone County, for a new county record. (Schuder). SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - NORTH DAKOTA - Infesting various species of spruce in Cass County. QDetins Sure) LOOPERS (Lambdina spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults of L. pellucideria present in large numbers on shortleaf pine in Union County, April 19. Det. by E. L. Todd. (Whitfield). PENNSYLVANIA - Moth flight of L. athasaria athasaria tapering off in Westmoreland County; quite heavy earlier. Several hundred hemlocks, mostly ornamentals, killed near Ligonier in same county in 1961. (Udine). BARK BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Ips spp. and Dendroctonus terebrans increased following dry weather; of 47 reports, 16 listed increases. Static infestations of one to few trees reported elsewhere. Infestations scattered over pine-growing areas of State. No known epidemic infestations of these pests present in State, but conditions have been favorable for build up. Close watch should be given slow growing stands and ornamentals. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). VIRGINIA - Dendroctonus terebrans active in several tracts in area of Brunswick County; unspecified Species active in loblolly and shortleaf pines in Amelia County; adults active in several Virginia pines in area of Rockingham County. First report of renewed activity of D. frontalis on Eastern Shore received May 10; adults evident in scattered loblolly pines in tract where damage was high in 1961. Unspecified species noted active in one spot in Lancaster, 5 spots in Northumber- land and one spot in Westmoreland Counties. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - IDAHO - Attacks observed May 16 in wind-broken tree at 4,000 feet elevation on South Fork of Salmon River in Valley County. Egg galleries varied 0.6-2.4 inches and eggs were present in some galleries. Only few beetles had flown at this time. (Furniss).. AN AMBROSIA BEETLE - IDAHO - Intense attacks, probably by a species of Trypodendron, noted in windthrown Englemann spruce and in "green'' base of a dead Douglas-fir. (Furniss). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on several white pines at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OREGON - Infesting pine in Portland area, Multnomah County, with new growth heavily infested. (Larson). - 632 - PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs numerous on white pine in White Pine State Park, Ogle County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Adults appeared June 7 on ornamental pines at Ellicott City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Active on shortleaf pine in Wise County, May 8; also evident in New Kent County end of April. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WYOMING - Beginning to hatch and crawlers moving about on most pines in Goshen County; few new scales have been formed. (Fullerton). IOWA - Eggs have hatched and crawlers now exposed to controls. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on needles of spruce at Scranton, Lackawanna County. Det. by G. B. Sleesman. (Gesell, May 24). EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - PENNSYLVANIA - Destroyed 50 percent of needles on ornamental pine in Susquehanna County. (Udine). OHIO - Pupating in northeastern part of State. (Walker). INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) - IOWA - Larvae stripped needles from various pine species in Scott County; larvae generally less than one inch in length now. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). PINE SAWFLIES —- ARKANSAS - Infestations of Neodiprion taedae linearis heavier and more widespread than at any time in past 10 years; defoliation ranged light to heavy, with greatest amount in central and eastern Calhoun County. Feeding activity ranged from eastern Bradley County to eastern Ouachita County and from Ouachita River northward into Dallas and Cleveland Counties; small plantings in Washington and Benton Counties also damaged. Weather favored larval activity so that large percentage entered cocoon stage. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). VIRGINIA - Larvae of an unspecified black-headed species active in several areas in Dinwiddie and Sussex Counties. Neodiprion pratti pratti active but causing only minor damage in Orange and Louisa Counties; feeding evident throughout Farmville district and larvae generally distributed throughout Tappahannock district, with defoliation moderate to light mainly on Virginia pine. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). CONNECTICUT - Larvae of unspecified species still feeding on pine needles. (Savos). ELM SPANWORM (Ennomos subsignarius) - ARKANSAS - Infestations have been heavy along White River from Newport south to end of White River bottoms in Jackson, Woodruff, Prairie, Monroe and Arkansas Counties. Willow most heavily infested; also occurred on pecan, hickory, ash and sweetgum; some pecan groves treated to prevent defoliation. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). NORTH CAROLINA - Caused moderate to heavy defoliation of oaks, hickories and other hardwoods in Macon, Clay, Cherokee, Graham and Swain Counties. Now in pupal stage. (Whitfield). LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Light to heavy in forested areas in Franklin County, South Mountains, Caledonia and Mount Alto area. Mortality heavy due to disease; numerous dead and dying larvae present on trunks of trees. More numerous than cankerworms in Harrisburg area. (Sleesman). Some red oaks in total forest area south of Scranton to Harrisburg show complete defoliation; others 10-25 percent defoliation. (Jeffery). RHODE ISLAND - Occasional larva seen but no widespread activity noted in Kent and Providence Counties. (Mathewson). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - DELAWARE - Adults noted June 7 in Kent County. (MacCreary). PENNSYLVANIA - Pupation almost complete by May 31; infestation much lighter in forest areas of Bedford and Centre Counties than in 1961. (Schroeder). VIRGINIA - Larval infestation of native cherry light in Dinwiddie County; widespread on black cherry and apple in Halifax County. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). WISCONSIN - Beginning to pupate in southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). —6330— A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma sp.) - IDAHO - Several colonies observed on Purshia sp. and Ribes sp. near Camp Creek; larvae approximately one-third inch in length. Tents not yet of size to permit evaluating general abundance in area. (Furniss). GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) - KANSAS - Counts of 25-30 eggs per leaf noted on silver maple (Acer saccharinum) in Pottawatomie County; 75 percent of eggs hatched and defoliation expected to be complete in 10-14 days. (Thompson). NORTH CAROLINA —- Larvae feeding on maple in Rutherford County. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Jones). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - RHODE ISLAND - Infestation in Cranston, Providence County, and Warwick, Kent County, largely subsided; total defoliation less heavy and less continuous than in same area during 1961. (Mathewson) . CANKERWORMS - CONNECTICUT - A problem in Manchester, Southington, Newtown, New Canaan, Milford and Wallingford, (Savos). NEW YORK - Unspecified species serious this year in some areas of Nassau County; also a major problem in Suffolk County. Larvae dropping from trees in Westchester County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). PENNSYLVANIA - Responsible for complete defoliation of red oaks in forested area south of Scranton to Harrisburg; some trees show 10-25 percent defoliation. Area also infested with linden looper. (Jeffery). WISCONSIN - Reports indicate rather extensive injury to aspen, elm and oak throughout much of State; most larvae have pupated and only injury remains. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Many reports of damage to apple, elm, oak, linden and ash trees by unspecified species. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). UGLY-NEST CATERPILLAR (Archips cerasivoranus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite numerous on native cherry in Susquehanna County. (Udine). OAK WEBWORM (Archips fervidanus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliation of oak quite extensive on 30-50 acres in Wayne County; large number of webs present. Det. by G. B. Sleesman. (Andreychick). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) -— NEW MEXICO - Adult flights presently heavy in Dona Ana County. NEUMeCoopa Rpts A WEBWORM (Hyphantria sp.) - ARKANSAS - Infestations of a black-headed form appeared in south central part of State along or near Ouachita River bottoms. Number of webs relatively light and parasites and predators active in reducing larval numbers. Hosts included ash, willow, persimmon, buttonbush, Crataegus sp., sweetgum and a species of oak. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). LEOPARD MOTH (Zeuzera pyrina) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Population heavy on elm in Carson County. (Mast). A CUTWORM (Ufeus hulsti) -— NEVADA - Light to medium on Populus sp. in Preston- Lund area, White Pine County (Bechtel, Lauderdale) and light in Lovelock, Pershing County (Bechtel). MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae feeding on willow in North Fairfield, Providence County. (King, Mathewson). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Larvae appearing in rather large numbers on untreated trees in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. (Evans). NEVADA - First instars present in Lovelock, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Martinelli, Sebbas, Snyder). OKLAHOMA - Most commonly reported pest species; continues damaging in most areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - First-generation infestations were heavier than usual in northern part of State; some defoliation noted. Larvae have pupated and second-generation adults should appear soon. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Jume). MARYLAND - Larvae quite destructive to several Chinese elms at Lanham, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Egg masses present since May 18, when Spirea vanhouttei began blooming. First larvae noted May 21, with many unhatched egg masses present; 54 percent of egg - 634 - masses hatched by June 1 and injury becoming evident. Second instars now present and feeding quite noticeable on leaves; controls now in progress in western part of State. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) - RHODE ISLAND - Probably this species, causing concern to property owners in North Smithfield, Providence County. (King). TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on oak trees at a location in Amherst, Amherst County. (Tarpley, Wilkins). ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - OKLAHOMA - Infesting American elm in Blaine County, west central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on several American elms at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tessellatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavily infested maple in Rowan and Iredell Counties. Specimens were first alates received. (Jones, Robertson). AN ASH LEAF CURL APHID (Prociphilus fraxinifolii) - CALIFORNIA - Populations heavy on Modesto ash trees in Carmichael, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OAK LACE BUG (Corythucha arcuata) - NORTH DAKOTA - Present on oaks in Richland County; adults ranged 1-3 per leaf on bur oak. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). A COREID BUG (Leptocoris rubrolineatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations occurring on maple trees in Broderick, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy emergence occurred in central area, Harrisburg, Dauphin, Halifax, Carsonville and Roberts Valley (Sleesman); also emerged in Chester and Lebanon Counties; prominent in forest areas in Dauphin and Schuylkill Counties, but none noted in orchards. (Menusan). CONNECTICUT - Unconfirmed reports of egg punctures containing eggs on terminals of red maple believed to be first report of egg laying in State at North Branford, New Haven County. (Savos). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - MARYLAND - Crawlers active on severely infested street maples at Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COLORADO -. Hatching has begun in Denver and Larimer Counties. Some crawlers forming protective covering; 30-50 percent of eggs hatched. Now is time to apply controls. (Swingle, Jenkins). WYOMING - Hatching and moving about on trees and ornamentals in Goshen County. (Fullerton). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) -— MARYLAND - Heavy on red maples in Glenridge section of Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TULIPTREE SCALE (Toymeyella liriodendri) - VIRGINIA - Immature forms, probably this species, heavily infested understory saplings of yellow-poplar at Keene, Albemarle County. Population counts were 600 living forms, 10 percent parasitized on 14-inch twig; and 1,292 forms on 12-inch twig, with 24 percent parasitized. Other counts showed highest parasitism of 30 percent. Small hymenopterous parasite was emerging April 26. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., Apr. Sum.). GALL INSECTS - RHODE ISLAND - Leaf galls of Itonida ocellaris apparent on red maple at Coventry, Kent County. Midrib galls of Contarinia canadensis very common on ash at Kingston, Washington County. (Stessel, Mathewson). NEW YORK — Leaf galls a problem in Westchester County; galls on maple and oak a problem in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - OREGON - Found in a nursery in Eugene, Lane County, June 5. This is a new county record and an extension of the range of this pest in the State; previously reported from Portland, Multnomah County, and = GSO} — Woodburn, Marion County. (Tinker). WISCONSIN - Mines appearing in leaves of birch; becoming a problem in Jackson, Waukesha, Green Lake and Sheboygan Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA - Larval mines causing 50 percent or more defoliation of native white birch in northern Luzerne County. (Jeffery). NEW JERSEY - Second-generation eggs hatching. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 5). NEW YORK - Many inquiries concerning this pest in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). VERMONT - Untreated birches badly damaged. (MacCollom). ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations present in Duncan area, Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A SAWFLY (Nematus tibialis) - WISCONSIN - Larvae nearly full grown in Lone Rock area, Iowa County; populations in area quite heavy. Heavy defoliation of black locust in area is likely. Injury to locust appearing now in parts of Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - ARKANSAS - Presence on soft maple caused concern to homeowners during recent weeks. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). IOWA - Noted in Pella, Marion County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). WISCONSIN - Injury very common; a problem on soft maples in Dane, Calumet, Outagamie and Wood Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CONNECTICUT - Occasioning daily inquiries from all suburban areas. (Mathewson, Cartier). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy, local popula- tions attacking evergreens in College Station area, Brazos County. (Garner). ARKANSAS - Infestations appearing on evergreens; larvae still small. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). OKLAHOMA - Activity reported in Payne, Cherokee and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IOWA - Hatching expected soon in southeastern area, (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). ILLINOIS - Becoming noticeable in central and southern areas. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - First larvae of season noted June 7 on junipers at Easton, Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Eggs have hatched in New Castle County. (Bray). NEW JERSEY - Has hatched in some areas. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 5). LEAF CRUMPLER (Acrobasis indigenella) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infesting cotoneaster hedge in Brookings County. (Mast). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Larvae damaging iris in New Castle County. (Kelsey). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - DELAWARE - Infesting chrysanthemums in New Castle County. (Kelsey). ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults now active. This pest caused much damage to arborvitae during fall of 1961 and spring of 1962. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). A NOCTUID (Melipotis acontioides) - FLORIDA - Moderately infested Delonix regia at Melbourne, Brevard County, May 23. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Two adults collected at Vienna, Fairfax County, June 7. (Autry). MARYLAND - First adult of season taken June 7 on rose at Adelphi, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - MARYLAND - Adults abundant on and destructive to Malus sp. at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Adults noted in Warwick, Kent County. (Buonaiuto). BOXELDER APHID (Periphyllus negundinis) - NEVADA - Heavy on boxelder in Preston- Lund area, White Pine County (Bechtel, Lauderdale) and in Lovelock, Pershing County (Bechtel); light in Pioche, Lincoln County (Bechtel, Lauderdale). DELAWARE — Abundant on boxelder in New Castle County. (MacCreary). - 636 - APHIDS - NORTH DAKOTA - Several species appear general on elm, linden and ash in southeastern portion of State. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species very abundant on many ornamentals. (Savos). DELAWARE - An undetermined species feeding heavily on linden trees in New Castle County. (MacCreary). MARYLAND - Heavy numbers of Aphis pomi appeared on ornamental Malus sp. at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Cerataphis variabilis severely infested Archontophoenix alexandrae at Davie, Broward County, May 17. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). RHODODENDRON LACE BUG (Stephanitis rhododendri) - OREGON - Damaged rhododendron cuttings in a Gresham nursery, Multnomah County, on June 2. (Nicolaison). FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) - INDIANA - Infestations heavier than normal in many areas of State; presently in egg stage. (Schuder). A COCCID (Lepidosaphes yanagicola) - OHIO - Oviposition nearly complete on Euonymus alatus at Reynoldsburg, Franklin County. (Walker). PENNSYLVANIA - Killed some branches of Euonymus alatus in Waynesburg, Greene County. Det. by G. B. Sleesman. (Udine, May 25). Coccids in Florida - Aspidiotus destructor infested Ligustrum japonicum at Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County (May 18) and was severe on single specimen of Arecastrum romanzoffianum at Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County (May 22). Aspidiotus lataniae infested Fortunella sp. at Gainesville, Alachua County (May 25) and Casuarina sp. at Mikesville, Columbia County (May 30). Aspidiotus palmae was severe on Billbergia sp. in Sanford-Ginderville area, Seminole County (May 18). Ceroplastes ceriferus was moderate on 300 Camellia sp. at Zellwood, Orange County (May 23), and Ceroplastes cirripediformis was moderate on Duranta repens at Lakeland, Polk County (May 22). Chrysomphalus aonidum severely infested Zamia sp. at Zephyrhills, Pasco County (May 17), and Camellia sp. at Merritt Island, Brevard County (May 22), and was light on Liriope sp. at Mt. Dora, Lake County (May 24). Coccus hesperidum was light on Chamaedorea elegans at Largo, Pinellas County (May 24). Diaspis boisduvalii was moderate on Musa sp. at Ocala, Marion County (May 17); severe on Cattleya sp. at Ocoee, Orange County (May 22); light on Stanhopea tigrina at Miami, Dade County (May 20); and light on Orchis sp. at Titusville, Brevard County (May 21). Ferrisia virgata was severe on 10 Rhododendron sp. at Sanford (May 24). Fiorinia theae was severe on Camellia spp. at Zellwood (May 23) and at Merritt Island (May 22); also moderate on Ilex sp. at Zellwood (May 21). Gymnaspis aechmeae was moderate on Billbergia sp. at Lakland (May 22) and Howardia biclavis was moderate on Gardenia sp. at Canal Point, Palm Beach County (May 21). Icerya purchasi was light on Citrus mitis at Ft. Myers, Lee County (May 22), and severe on Acalypha sp. at Pine Castle, Orange County (May 24). Phenacaspis cockerelli was severe on Strelitzia reginae at Zellwood (May 21). Pseudococcus aonidum severely infested Zamia sp. at Zephyrhills (May 17), was light on Phaius grandiflorus at Titusville (May 21) and moderate on Cordyline sp. at Merritt Island (May 22). Pulvinaria psidii moderately infested Aralia sp. at Merritt Island (May 24). Saissetia hemisphaerica was severe on Peperomia sp. at Plymouth, Orange County (May 22) and light on Asparagus falcatus at Lakeland (May 22). Asterolecanium bambusae ranged light to moderate on bamboo at Lakeland (May 22) ; Ceroplastes cirripediformis was light to moderate on Duranta sp. at same location (May 21). Conchaspis angraeci was severe on Hibiscus sp. (May 22, 31, June 1) and light on Pittosporum sp. (May 22) at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County; and severe on Hibiscus rosaSinensis at Tampa, Hillsborough County (June 1). Parlatoria crotonis moderately infested Codiaeum variegatum at Miami (May 25). Parlatoria proteus was moderate on Jasminum ilicifolium at St. Petersburg and ranged moderate to severe on Scindapsus aureus at West Hollywood, Broward County (May 31). Pinnaspis strachani ranged moderate to severe on Hibiscus sp. at Fairvilla, Orange County (May 29), and Protopulvinaria pyriformis was severe on Gardenia sp. at St. Petersburg (May 31, June 1). Pseudaonidia clavigera was collected at St. Petersburg on the following hosts during the period May 22 to Jume 5: Camellia spp., C. sasanqua, C. japonica, Eugenia uniflora, Gardenia sp., Jasminum sambac, Ligustrum sp., Rhododendron sp., Tibouchina sp., Prunus carolinana, Thea sinensis and Annona sp. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ="627- 7 — HACKBERRY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidismamma) - RHODE ISLAND - Appearing on new growth of hackberry at Cranston, Providence County. (Mathewson). FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) - MARYLAND - Destructive to rose flowers in many sections of State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Causing minor damage to roses in New Castle County. (MacCreary). EARWIGS —- UTAH — Damage to flowers by unspecified species has increased in Holladay area, Salt Lake County. Also damaging flowers at a location in Smithfield, Cache County. (Knowlton). SPRINGTAILS (Poduridae) - SOUTH DAKOTA —- Very numerous in grass, annual flowers and around homes in Lawrence County. (Mast). NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults emerged week of May 28 in southeastern area. (Wheeler). SPIDER MITuS — MARYLAND - Undetermined species heavy on digitalis and hollyhock at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Unspecifies species very troublesome on ornamentals in southeast section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). ARKANSAS - Little activity noticed, although weather has been very favorable for activity. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., June). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Vasates ligustri) - MARYLAND - Severe on privet hedge at University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A MILLIPED (Oriulus medianus) - IOWA - Weather conditions in State this year should favor another outbreak of this pest, which was so troublesome during the fall of 1961. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). A SNAIL - OREGON - A small, undetermined species infesting orchids in a nursery in Portland, Multnomah County; feeding on roots. (Crowell). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES -— CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species a problem in Shelton, Fairfield County. (Savos). MARYLAND - Salt-marsh species annoying in western Wicomico and Somerset Counties; annoyance expected to increase. Residents in Rock Hall, Kent County, bothered by Psorophora confinnis. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IOWA — Larvae of unspecified species ranged 1-15 per half-pint dip in flooded roadsides in Greene-Linn County area; emergence of very large numbers expected June 4-6. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). WISCONSIN - Increasing number of reports indicate mosquito situation to be worsening in preventing cattle from grazing at night. Light trap catches of Aedes vexans at Madison increased, but are about normal for this time of year. Reports from many counties indicate woodland species particularly annoying. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA —- Total of 690 larval samples collected during period May 27 to June 2; 46 percent of samples contained Aedes vexans, 36 percent Culex restuans, 12 percent Culex tarsalis and 36 percent Culiseta inornata; 15 species were collected. Light trap collections showed substantial increases; however, light trap in Carver County, outside Metropolitan Mosquito Control District, still took 2.5 times more mosquitoes than any trap within the district. Aedes vexans composed 50 percent of total collection. Aedes abserratus composed 95 percent of catch in one trap, and 25 percent of total catch in all traps. In bite catches, 14 species were taken; Aedes vexans accounted for 55 percent of catch, Aedes abserratus 10 percent, Aedes Stimulans 10 percent, Aedes cinereus 7 percent, Aedes trivittatus 5 percent and Anopheles walkeri one percent. Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA — First Aedes vexans adults of season observed in Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA —- Annoying numbers of Psorophora spp. present in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Unspecified species annoying in portions of Davis and Cache Counties and at Garden City, Rich County. (Knowlton), ARIZONA —- Increased populations of unspecified species a problem around homes in several areas over State. (Ariz.Coop. Suri: - 638 - INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST During the period May 25-31, a total of 19,106,600 sterile flies was released in areas involving 45,316 square miles. Release rates of 200 flies per square mile were made over an area of 33,271 square miles and 400 flies per square mile over an area of 12,045 square miles. A total of 1,799 screw-worm cases was reported this period; all new county records except two were reported in Texas. New Counties reporting screw-worm cases included: Briscoe, Chambers, Cherokee, Cook, Cottle, Dickens, Donley, Eastland, Fort Bend, Galveston, Hall, Liberty, Lubbock, Motley, Shackelford and Wise, Texas; and Eddy and Luna Counties, New Mexico. Production of sterile flies expected at Mission, Texas, July 17, with first flies to be irradicated shortly after July 4. During period June 1-7, a total of 23,464,800 sterile flies were released over a total area of 47,673 square miles. Release rates were 200 flies per square mile over an area of 39,561 square miles, 300 flies per square mile over an area of 270 square miles and 400 flies per square mile over an area of 7,842 square miles. A total of 1,829 screw-worm cases were reported during this period. New counties reporting screw-worm cases i included: Anderson, Armstrong, Childress, Collin, Ellis, Floyd, Harris, Hopkins, Houston, Jefferson, Rusk, Throckmorton and Upshur, all in Texas. (Anim. Dis. Erads Dive). 4 Counties reporting screw-worm Wi during period May 25-31 #} Counties reporting screw-worm during period June 1-7 aE aA fy =" 639" — FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) — MISSOURI - Ranged O-8 per animal on large herd of beef cattle in east central area; averaged less than 3 per animal. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). KANSAS - Observed on cattle and collected from resting sites near cattle in Riley, Morris and Lyon Counties; ranged 0-4 per head, averaged less than one. (Peters). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-9 per face on cattle in eastern and central areas. (Bergman). IOWA - Populations remain unchanged. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). ILLINOIS - Populations varied 0-19 (averaged 5.8) per face in west district and 0-7 (averaged 0.9) per face in central district. Weather was generally cloud with some showers. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - Present in Cleveland County. (Robertson). MARYLAND - Averaged 12 per head on dairy cattle at Ellicott City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VERMONT - Populations continues very luw. Dry weather may make egg deposition difficult. (MacCollom). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - INDIANA - Becoming extremely numerous in barns where no control measures have been undertaken. (Dobson). OKLAHOMA —- Population continue relatively unchanged in Stillwater area, Payne County; 100 per scuder grid. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - UTAH - Troublesome to cattle herds in several areas of Cache County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Populations increased in Still- water area, Payne County, as buildup was general over most of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS —- Ranged 25-400 per animal on untreated herds in east central, southeast and south central areas; cattle being severely annoyed in many instances. (Peters). NEBRASKA - Ranged 25-150 per animal in eastern and central pastures. Counts varied 5-75 per head on animals going through sales barn. (Bergman). MISSOURI - Ranged from 20 to over 300 per animal on large beef herd in east central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA - Numbers increased in central and eastern areas; ranged 0-40 per animal and average 15-20. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-30 (averaged 10) per animal in west district -and 0-50 (averaged 21) per animal in central district. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Heavy in Monroe County. (Lemons). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-12 per head on cattle, averaged 6, in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla.Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-6 (averaged 1.8) per animal in west district and 0-5 (averaged 1) per animal in central district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). BLACK FLIES -— IOWA —- Probably Simulium meridionale, present in outbreak numbers in northwest part of State; chickens and turkeys reported killed during past 10 days in Sioux County. Many severe bites on faces, necks and extremities of humans also reported. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Jume 4). SOUTH DAKOTA - Simulium spp. serious pests to people working in yards and have caused much discomfort in Brookings County. (Spawn et al.). NORTH DAKOTA - Unspecified species active in eastern part of State; large numbers observed annoying cattle. (Noetzel). TABANIDS — TEXAS — Heavy, local populations of several species of deer flies attacking cattle in San Jacinto and Hardin Counties. (Brumbelow, Rea). OKLAHOMA - Populations of 1-2 Tabanus spp. per animal present in lowland pastures in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Tabanus lasiophthalmus, T. equalis, T. trimaculatus and T. lineola scutellaris feeding on cattle and horses in east central area. T. lasiophthalmus caused most concern by feeding in rather large numbers on briskets and udders of cattle and on undersides of horses. High populations of this species have also been reported from widely scattered areas throughout central and southern portions of State. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - Occasional horse fly observed in west district, but none observed in central district. Cite Insk Rpty)r CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) -— UTAH - Adults annoying some cattle in Wellsville- Hyde Park area meadows, Cache County. (Knowlton). BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - UTAH - Troublesome to fishermen in an area of Logan Canyon, Cache County. (Knowlton). - 640 - CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy infestations causing loss of weight on cattle in De Baca County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations noted in several homes in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - RHODE ISLAND - Complaints from Wash- ington, Kent and Providence Counties at peak. Increase in Providence County during last 3 years has been spectacular and the pest has now reached the northern border of the State at Cumberland. (Mathewson, Cartier). OKLAHOMA - Populations increasing after recent rains and annoying picnickers in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Active in southeastern counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread population attacking cattle in Upshur County and medium, widespread population attacking same host in Colorado County. Infestations quite heavy in wooded areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Henry). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - ALABAMA — Heavy and causing concern to dogs and man in Lee and Russell Counties. (Buttram). TICKS -—- NEW YORK - Unspecified species a problem in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). NEW JERSEY - Large populations of unspecified species reported from several areas of State. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 5). CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species a problem on dogs in Stonington. (Savos). CATTLE FOLLICLE MITE (Demodex bovis) - NEW MEXICO - Medium populations present on cattle in De Baca County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - DELAWARE - Causing some discomfort among office workers in an office in Sussex County. (Bray). AN ACARID MITE (Caloglyphus mycophagus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations present in earthworm beds in Clovis, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) — OKLAHOMA - Reported in several homes in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) — RHODE ISLAND - Larvae present in several homes in Cranston, Providence County, and Warwick, Kent County. (Cartier). LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) - IOWA -— Reported from homes in 22 counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 4). SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) — ARIZONA - Several infesta- tions in homes in Phoenix area, Maricopa County, in stored products reported during the week. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). RUSTIC BORER (Xylotrechus colonus) — PENNSYLVANIA - Emerged from firewood in a garage in Harrisburg, Dauphin County. Det. by G. B. Sleesman. (Sleesman). BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - IOWA - Adults collected from fireplace logs in Des Moines, Polk County, May 25; normal out-of-doors emergence May 15 to June 25,4)) | GlowacIns:, In £).))-. - 641 - AN ANOBIID (Xyletinus peltatus) - NORTH CAROLINA — Emerged from southern yellow pine lumber in Wake County. (Moore). WOOD BORERS - FLORIDA - Buprestis maculipennis lightly infested seasoned pine board at Gainesville, Alachua County. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. (Hetrick, May 15). PENNSYLVANIA - Elaphidion mucronatum adults collected from wood in ceiling of home in Easton, Northampton County; number of larvae also collected. (Menusan). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - Active in Newport County. (Peabody). EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - WISCONSIN - Swarming observed in Rock County; these populations emanating from outdoor colonies. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A POWDER-POST TERMITE (Cryptotermes cavifrons) - FLORIDA - Collected in building at Sarasota, Sarasota County; det. L. A. Hetrick. (Gonzales, May 18). TERMITES - CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species a problem in Bloomfield, Hartford and Unionville. (Savos). NEW YORK - Unspecified species swarming in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). CALIFORNIA - Total of 5,446 inspections for unspeci- fied species made in State during period May 29 to June 6. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - MARYLAND - Workers and winged forms very active and annoying in and around homes in eastern and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) - ALABAMA - Causing concern to homeowners in Monroe County. (Lemons). NORTH DAKOTA - C. pennsylvanicus infested a home at Kindred, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). ANTS - NEW YORK — Unspecified species reported swarming in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 4). CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species a problem in lawns in Stafford Springs, Woodstock and Mansfield. (Savos). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations invading homes located near alfalfa in Safford area, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - TEXAS - Several species reported in rather heavy concentrations in Caldwell, Guadalupe and Hayes Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Adult populations of Hippodamia convergens heavy in alfalfa fields in Dona Ana and Chaves Counties. N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Adults of unspecified species averaged 18 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and 8 per 100 sweeps in small grains in Goshen County. (Fullerton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Unspecified species ranged 1-15 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa and small grains in east central area, (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA - Unspecified species averaged 5 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Average adult counts of unspecified species per 100 sweeps in alfalfa, by district, were as follows: Central - 10; south central - 25; south- west and west central - 40; southeast - 23; northwest - 5. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Unspecified species evident wherever aphids noted. (Mathewson). LACEWINGS — NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species noted in fields checked in Dona Ana and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Chrysopa sp. averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in field of alfalfa in Hanson County. (Hinta NORTH DAKOTA —- Chrysopa carnea averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in a field of alfalfa in Sargent County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Adults of unspecified species, per 100 sweeps, averaged 20 in south central district, 30 in southwest district, 2 in west central district and 6 in southeast district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). - 642 - DAMSEL BUGS - MINNESOTA - Few present; averaged 6 per 100 sweeps in south central _and southwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Nabis roseipennis ranged 3-7 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Unspecified species averaged 6 and 7 per 10 sweeps in 2 fields of alfalfa in Davison and McCook Counties. (Hintz). WYOMING - Nabis sp. adults per 100 sweeps averaged 10 in alfalfa and 4 in small grains in Goshen County. (Fullerton). IDAHO - Nabis spp. ranged 3-5 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Lewiston area, Nez Perce County. (Halfhill). A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) -— TEXAS - Heavy populations noted in corn in Caldwell, Gonzales and Hayes Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - NEVADA - First adults of season observed in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Uriarte). A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile rotundata) - OREGON —- Emerged in Malheur and Umatilla Counties, with first males observed June 4. (Stephen). Apiary Inspection in Minnesota -— Weather conditions hampered apiary inspections during past several weeks. Reports indicate fairly heavy winter losses; however, colonies that survived winter making very good progress and are normal or nearly so for time of year. Swarming has been light, but strong units will be swarming if hot weather occurs during June. Disease incidence remains very low except in neglected apiaries where some serious problems exist. Poisoning by an arsenical weed killer used to prevent weed growth for a one to two-year period was apparently responsible for kill of worker bees reported during period June 2-8. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - CALIFORNIA - Single male taken in trap in known infested area of Sacramento, Sacramento County, June 5. This is third adult taken in area this season. Location where specimen reported collected in Yolo County May 31 by student now included in treatment area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - First 5 adults of season collected in Kingston, Washington County; significance to general emergence uncertain. Emergence usually first week of July. (Mathewson). PENNSYLVANIA - Adult collected at Greensburg, Westmoreland County, May 31. (Udine). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - First pupae of season found at Shortsville, Ontario County, May 21. Adults expected by June 8. (N.Y.Wkly.Rpt.). A LEAF BEETLE (Anomoea laticlavia) - FLORIDA - Infested Spanishmoss at Longwood, Seminole County. (Desin, May 22). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Collected for first time in Hardee County June 1. (Wiley, McTeer). Additional collections made in Polk County; det. W. Breidenbach. (Eckles, Weston). CALIFORNIA HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex californicus) - UTAH - Collected at Moab, Grand County, May 4; this is apparently a new State record and extends range much further east. Det. A. C. Cole. (Knowlton). AN ICHNEUMONID (Labena grallator) - FLORIDA - Collected at Sanford, Seminole County, on May 17. (Youtsey). FLIES - FLORIDA - McPhail trap at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, yielded one Toxotrypana curvicauda, one Xanthaciura insecta, and one Senopterina varia on May 21. (Spencer, Dowling). Anastrepha interrupta collected at Stuart, Martin County, on May 25. (Prange). - 643 - AN ENSIGN SCALE (Orthezia artemisiae) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Targionia dearnessi heavy on Artemisia tridentata in area east of Likely, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HAIRWORMS —- PENNSYLVANIA - Unusual number of reports throughout State regarding this parasite of grasshoppers and other insects noted. (Udine). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(15) :342 -—- GRASSHOPPERS - NEBRASKA - Should read: "Melanoplus discolor collected and determined from Lancaster County during 1961 as a new county record." This species was previously collected in Dawes County on July 23, 1949, which was the first State record. CEIR 12(20):495 - A LOOPER (Coryphista meadi) should read (Coryphista meadii). CEIR 12(22):572 — A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reculusa) - ILLINOIS - This is not a new State record. Previously recorded from Jackson and Saline Counties. (White). CEIR 12(23):593 -—- A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza pusilla) - WASHINGTON - Delete note. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - 644 - Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Ostrinia Prod. unip. CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp.Sta.5/24-6/6 5 FLORIDA Quincy 5/27,6/3 1 Gainesville 5/28 ILLINOIS (County) Champaign 6/1-7 668 INDIANA (Counties) Jasper 5/28-6/4 TUS) La Porte 5/28-6/4 94 Lawrence 5/24-6/2 49 Tippecanoe 5/30-6/7 90 Vanderburgh 5/29-6/6 232 IOWA Ames 5/25-6/1 167 Columbus Jct.5/16-22, 25-30 372 Hastings 5/17-23 2 Soldier 5/21-25 15 Milford 5/18-26 3 Dubuque 5/21-30 1,062 KANSAS Garden City 5/28 ,30,6/4 1 Hays 5/29,31,6/4,6 90 Manhattan 6/1-8 748 Mound Valley 6/5 14 Wathena 6/1-5 abakes} MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 6/1-7 458 NEBRASKA Scotts Bluff Exp.Sta. 5/29-6/4 21 Kearney 5/23-31 ilk North Platte 5/24-6/6 810 NORTH DAKOTA Fargo 6/4-8 AT McLeod 6/4-8 10 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 5/28-6/3 4 SOUTH DAKOTA (County) Brookings 6/7-8 12 TEXAS Brownsville 6/1-7 Waco 6/2-8 33 * Two traps — Stoneville. (Continued on page 645) ips 52 41 orc ou 134 saucia nubilalis ornith. 43 32 11 8 455 8 19 1 12 25 8 4 2 17 aki 14 16 12 81 171 71 3 11 9 6 3 83 16 38 2 8 1 al 518 314 1 17 4 132 15 26 6 57 25 37 73 Protoparce sexta quinqg. 15 35 Heliothis zea vires. 4 10 2 1 2 7 1 2 3 99 5 a 96 631 60 4 - 645 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (Continued) Pseud. Agrot. Perid., Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Heliothis unip. ips saucia nubilalis ornith, sexta quing. zea vires. WISCONSIN Platteville 5/29-6/5 1,326 98 39 2 Jamesville 6/1-4 184 2 *Mazomanie 5/28-6/4 967 28 2 88 Middleton 5/29-6/5 322 24 20 3 Madison 5/30-6/5 941 49 31 3 De Forest 5/29-6/4 467 17 5 Theresa 6/1-4 224 Wayside 5/29-6/4 54 7 Reedsville 5/29-6/4 365 43 Additional Light Trap Collections CALIFORNIA (Shafter Exp. Sta., 5/24-6/6) - Prodenia praefica - 237. NEBRASKA - Chorizagrotis auxiliaris - (Scotts Bluff Exp. Sta., 5/29-6/4) - 9,503; (Kearney, 5/23-31) - 316; (North Platte, 5/24-6/6) - 2,648. SOUTH CAROLINA (Charleston, 5/28-6/3) - Conoderus falli - 1,026. * Two traps — Mazomanie. BEL ph crentG Bier Peay DSRS aa VE) Seen omen Brera cene come foc ane mm UE Me ence eee ce AY Ww i i\\ NX \\ NW \\\ \\ AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 June 22, 1962 Number 25 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT JO ICO OIC CORI OK ORI IOK IA IO I RIC IE OK A ak MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY found in Miami area of Florida. This is the first infestation in the State since November 1957. Adults were confirmed as Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) by H. A. Denmark and H. V. Weems, Jr., on dune 13. Additional male, female and larval collections were made in the Miami area by the end of the week. Eradicative measures are being undertaken by State and Federal agencies and the detection survey is increasing in inten= sity. FORO OO CO IOC ORI IO IO I IC IORI IK I aC K HIGHLIGHTS GRASSHOPPERS becoming more abundant in parts of Illinois, North Dakota and Oklahoma, and hatch increasing generally in Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska. (pp. 649-650). EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses commonly found in corn in number of states and larval feeding present in New York, Maryland, Illinois and Missouri. (p. 650). CORN EARWORM continues to damage corn in Alabama, and is present in,;corn in North Carolina, Maryland and Oklahoma. Controls on sweet corn in central Arizona appear more difficult than in previous years. (pp. 650-651). CORN LEAF APHID locally heavy on sorghum in Kansas and Arizona, and on barley in Nevada. (p. 651). CORN ROOTWORMS active in Nebraska corn. (p. 652). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID appeared in Nebraska, and heavy in scattered fields in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties, New Mexico. LYGUS BUGS numerous in alfalfa in areas of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado; and POTATO LEAFHOPPER yellow- ing alfalfa in parts of southern Missouri. (p. 654). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) moderate to heavy generally on alfalfa throughout New Mexico; and STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE heavy and seriously injuring red clover in sections of Caroline and Talbot Counties, Maryland. (p. 655). TARNISHED PLANT BUG present in considerably greater numbers than usual on apples in Westchester County, New York, and Lygus sp. injured fruit in Mesa County, Colorado, orchards. (p. 656). PEACH TREE BORER and LESSER PEACH TREE BORER severe on peach trees in Des Moines County, Iowa, and latter species probably most important insect pest of orchards in Vincennes area of Indiana. Twig injury by ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH caused alarm in commercial peach orchards in Georgia. PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE heavy locally in Pershing County, Nevada, and more common than usual in apple and pear orchards in northern areas of ee (p. 657). CHERRY FRUIT FLIES emerging in New York, Ohio and Oregon. p. 658). ALFALFA LOOPER required controls in pea fields in Umatilla County, Oregon, and larvae damaging sugar beets and alfalfa in northern Utah. (p. 658). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE and FLEA BEETLES troublesome in several states, and SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER rather heavy on untreated carrots and lettuce in parts of Michigan. (p. 659). POTATO PSYLLID adults increasing on potatoes in Bent and Otero Counties, Colorado, and nymphs required controls on tomatoes in Box Elder and Utah Counties, Utah. (pp. 659-660). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE a problem in Alabama, South Carolina and Maryland, and increasing in Delaware and Connecticut. Also appearing in Colorado, Utah and Idaho. (p. 660). ONION THRIPS approaching damaging levels in seed onions in several Colorado counties. (p. 661). (Continued on page 648) —- 648 - BOLL WEEVIL emergence from hibernation and movement to cotton fields continues at high rate in Southern and Southeastern States. BOLLWORMS the principal prob- lem of cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, where infestations range light to severe. Eggs quite plentiful in Alabama cotton, but larval counts not alarming. Infestations generally light elsewhere. (p. 663). Cool nights caused THRIPS infestations to remain high in some areas of Arizona, and LYGUS BUGS damaged 20-50 percent of squares in same state. Also, infestations of a FLEAHOPPER (Spanogon- icus albofasciatus) increased in central and southeastern Arizona on cotton and FLEAHOPPERS a threat in parts of Texas. (p. 664). JACK=PINE BUDWORM populations increased sharply over those of 1961 in some jack- pine stands in west central and east central Wisconsin, and some heavy infesta- tions reported in Badoura area of Hubbard County, Minnesota. (p. 665). ELM LEAF BEETLE continues a problem to elms in several states. (p. 666). MIMOSA WEBWORM becoming active on mimosa and honeylocust in the East and Midwest. BAGWORM is active on arborvitae and other ornamental trees and shrubs in Maryland, North Carolina, Alabama, Texas and Oklahoma; some heavy damage reported in latter 3 states. (p. 668). MOSQUITOES are a problem to both man and animals in a number of states; and HORN FLY, STABLE FLY, HORSE FLIES and DEER FLIES are increasing and/or troublesome to livestock in various areas of the country. (pp. 670-671). Two new JAPANESE BEETLE infestations found in West Sacramento, Yolo County, California. (p. 674). DETECTION A BARK BEETLE (Pycnarthrum hispidum) recorded for first time in Texas. (p. 658). New county records reported were CLOVER SEED WEEVIL in Will County, Illinois (p. 653); PEAR PSYLLA in Kern County, California (p. 656); an OLETHREUTID MOTH (Eucosma gloriola) in Baltimore County, Maryland (p. 665); and SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE in Dakota County, Minnesota (p. 666). SPECIAL REPORTS List of Some Important Pests for 1961. (pp. 677-678). CORRECTIONS See page 674. Reports in this issue are for week ending June 15, unless otherwise indicated. FOI IO IOI CIO AK OK aK WEATHER BUREAU 30~DAY OUTLOOK MID-JUNE TO MID-JULY 1962 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-June to mid-July calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the western third of the Nation and also in the extreme Southeast. Above normal temperatures are predicted for the northeast quarter and also over Texas. In areas not specified, tempera- tures are expected to average near normal. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal in the northern half of the country from the Great Plains to the West Coast. Below normal amounts are indicated in the Northeast, Ohio Valley and Southwest. In the remainder of the Nation, near normal amounts are in prospect. (Weather continued on page 662) —nO49)z— CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS -— Counts of Melanoplus spp. in grassy roadsides, fence rows, etc. by district as follows: Northeast - 0-175, averaged 21.5 per sweep; east - 0-70, averaged 23.2 per sweep; central - 9-15, averaged 12 per square yard; west - 0.4-9, averaged 3.9 per square yard; west-southwest - 0.3-72, averaged 17.3 per square yard; east-southeast - 4-45, averaged 19.2 per square yard. In clover and alfalfa, populations by district as follows: Northeast - 0-8, averaged 3.25 per sweep; east - 0-23, averaged 9.6 per sweep; central - 2-15, averaged 8.5 per square yard; west - 3-12, averaged 7.7 per square yard; west-southwest - 9-12, averaged 32.8 per square yard; east-southeast - 4-6, averaged 4.7 per square yard. Generally, populations spotted and development spotted. Some fields have predom- inantly first and second instars, while other fields have mostly third and fourth instars with occasional adult M. sanquinipes present in east-southeast and west- southwest districts. Small "hoppers" moving into marginal rows of corn and soy- beans; 15 per linear foot of row found in 1 Will County soybeanfield. Longhorn grasshoppers varied 10-700 (averaged 310) nymphs per 100 sweeps in grassy road- sides, fence rows, etc. in west-southwest district and 20-1,600 (averaged 589) per 100 sweeps in east-southeast district. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Hatching of some Melanoplus spp. continues, especially in northern areas. Counts 10 to over 50 per square yard in fence rows and roadsides in northern area. Counts in some pastures, alfalfa and clover ranged 3-20 per square yard. Some adults observed in central and southern areas; species M. sanguinipes, M. confusus and M. bivittatus. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA — Grasshoppers averaged 4 per sweep in eastern area. First and second instars ranged 10-20 per square yard on margins of fields in Des Moines County and heavy hatch noted in Muscatine and Lee Counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). WISCONSIN - Hatching of Melanoplus femurrubrum not significant. Few second instar M. differentialis noted; most first instar. M. sanguinipes, second to fourth instar, noted in Shawano and Oconto Counties}; highest count 12 per square yard. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - First and second instars of M. sanquinipes, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii noneconomic generally, as are nymphs of Camnula pellucida and M. femurrubrum; however , increased populations of latter two species expected in some fields in ‘north central district. Grasshopper hatch expected to accelerate in many areas as hay is harvested. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Nymphal grasshopper populations building up; several severe infestations developed in localized areas. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). Nymphal survey conducted in Ward, Williams, Divide, Burke, Renville, Bottineau and Mountrail Counties. Counts ranged 1-20 (averaged 5) per square yard with exception of Camnula pellucida which averaged 500° per square yard. Very severe infestations of C. pellucida observed in pasture and hay land in Ward, Mountrail, Divide and Bottineau Counties; also severe marginal damage to wheat in Ward and Mountrail Counties. Development of grasshoppers ranged up to fifth instar, with 90 percent in first instar. C. pellucida, M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus dominant species. Habitat includes small grains, soil bank, alfalfa, pasture and some hay land, (Brandvik, Larsen). M. sanguinipes dominant species in Cass, Ransom and Richland Counties. First and second instars observed. Ecomonic numbers noted in these counties. (Schenck). Grasshoppers in McKenzie, Billings and Golden Valley Counties ranged 5-7 per square yard except for a single stop south of Medora which had 24 nymphs per square yard. Dominant species M. sanguinipes and Ageneotettix deorum. Development first to fourth instar; 85 percent first instar. (Wilson, Saugstad). In Morton, Grant, Hettinger, Adams, Bowman, Stark, Billings and Dunn Counties, grasshoppers ranged from a trace to 30 per square yard. Development ranged from first through third instar; 90 per- cent first instar. Hibitats surveyed were field margins. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - First instar to adult grasshoppers present in Lawrence and Butte Counties; 10-75 per 100 sweeps. A forest meadow in Lawrence County had 200 per 100 sweeps. (Walstrom, Hintz). Grasshopper hatch still generally light; however, hatch developing in some areas. Economic numbers reported in 640 acres of forest- land in Elk Mountain area of Custer County. In northwestern Haakon County, nymphs number 20-40 per square yard on rangeland; area not large so far. Nymphs averaged 40 per square yard in margins of wheatfield in Hughes County; caused slight damage = 650 — on June 6. Dominant species M. sanguinipes (25 percent), M.bivittatus (75 per- cent); 95 percent first and second instars and 5 percent third instar. (Burge). NEBRASKA - First indicated hatch of Melanoplus femurrubrum, Phoetaliotes nebrascensis and Dactylotum bicolor found in Lincoln County. Also, light popula- tions of M. sanguinipes found in Lincoln County. (Pruess). Second and third instars of M. bivittatus and M. differentialis approximately 6 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa and sweetclover in southern area. (Bergman). KANSAS - Most field margins in eastern area appear to have very few grasshoppers; counts averaged less than 1 per square yard. Dominant species M. differentialis nymphs. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Grasshoppers building up in some areas. Populations in northern Carter County ranged 15-100 per square yard on rangeland, roadsides and forage crops, with some damage evident. Some local control operations underway. Light to threatening numbers, 5-20 per square yard, found in portions of Jefferson, Garvin, Love and Murray Counties in crop margins and rangeland. Dominant species in south central areas M. bivittatus, M. occidentalis and M. sanguinipes. Beaver County, panhandle area, populations generally below threatening level. Counts ranged 7-30 per square yard in Ellis, Harper, Major, Woods and Woodward Counties. Dominant species Ageneotettix deorum, Amphitornus coloradus and Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH — Grasshopper hatch spottedly very heavy on ranches in Book Cliffs area of southern Uintah and northern Grand Counties. Camnula pellucida populations much lower in Neola-Hayden meadow areas of Duchesne and Uintah Counties compared with outbreak of 1961. (Knowlton). OREGON- Grasshopper eggs hatching in vicinity of Heppner in Morrow County; controls may be necessary to prevent local crop damage. (Every). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - CONNECTICUT - Egg laying underway. (Savos). NEW YORK - Egg hatching noted in Hudson Valley on corn on June 6; egg laying light. Egg masses easy to find on early corn in Suffolk County; some leaf damage noted in St. James area on June 7. Egg masses and pin prick holes observed June 7 in Monroe County; infestation light. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 11). NEW JERSEY -— Egg masses 28 per 100 plants on June 7 at New Market, Middlesex County. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Larval infestations in more advanced field and sweet corn on Eastern Shore ranged 0-30 percent; average 10 percent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - Egg masses found June 7 at Detroit. (Hutson). ILLINOIS— Egg mass counts per 100 plants on corn by district as follows: Northeast - 0-72, averaged 24.4; west - 10-170, averaged 71.3; central - 0-170, averaged 60.8; east —- 0-160, averaged 53.3; west-southwest -— 20-120, averaged 53. Percent of plants infested by larvae by districts as follows: Northeast - 0-20, averaged 4.4; west - 0-80, averaged 26.3; central - 0-40, averaged 20; east - 0-100, averaged 24.7; west-southwest —- 10-60, averaged 36. From O-8 larvae found per infested plant; mostly first instar with occasional second instar present. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - No egg masses observed; percent of plants showing leaf feeding damage ranged 0-85 percent in central and northeast areas. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA - Development at Ankeny and in Boone County to June 8 was 100 percent pupation, 82 percent emergence, 20 egg masses per 100 corn plants 24-30 inches high. Egg masses 20-30 on tasselling sweet corn in Des Moines County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). NEBRASKA - Egg masses ranged 8-32 per 100 plants in eastern area corn, (Bergman). MINNESOTA —- Pupation averaged 20 percent in west central district, nearly 100 percent in central district and no pupation observed in northwest. No moths observed in these districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA - Larvae light in stalks of corn in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS — Borers, probably this species, medium to heavy on corn in Titus County; about 1 per stalk. (Neil). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Heavy, continues to cause extensive damage to young corn in southern area. (Buttram, June 8). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) -— ARIZONA - Untreated sweet corn in central area almost 100 percent infested by larvae in the ears; control appears more difficult than in previous years. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Larvae medium, 1 per stalk, on corn in Choctaw County; heavy egg depostion noted on same plants. (Okla. Coop, Sur.). ALABAMA - Damage light, 5-10 percent, in young corn in Lauderdale and = 651 = Limestone Counties. (Buttram, June 8). Continues to damage young corn throughout State; damage not too severe at present. (Buttram). NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding in whorls of field corn in Wilson, Johnson and Wayne Counties; 10 percent of plants attacked in 12 fields surveyed. However, tassels not quite high enough to be injured and most larvae in late stages. Det. by Neunzig. (Mount). MARYLAND - Larvae light in whorls of more advanced corn in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IOWA —- Half-grown larva found on sweet corn in Des Moines County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - IOWA - Damaged corn in Grundy County. (Iowa. Ins. Inf., Weir; June 11). NEW YORK - Slight damage to sweet corn observed in Oswego, Onondaga and Cayuga Counties. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - WYOMING - Few larvae remain present in small grains in Lincoln County; less than 1 per 10 square feet. (Fullerton). ARYMWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OHIO - Local outbreak observed near Smithville, Wayne County; 100 acres of wheat defoliated and some damage to barley reported. Larvae in late stages with parasitism 14 percent. (Rings, Triplehorn). MINNESOTA —- Low numbers of moths collected in light traps thus far. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA — Some wheat in Franklin and Harlan Counties found with 50 percent of stems containing pupal cases. No stem breakage noted. Heavy rust condition caused lodging. Other areas in southern and eastern sections of State carried 1-10 percent infestations. (Bergman). WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults present in small numbers, 1 per 10 sweeps, throughout west central and central areas of State. (Hintz). NEBRASKA - Less than 1 percent of wheat infested in southern area. (Bergman). CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) - MISSOURI - On corn in areas throughout State; as many as 12-24 per leaf in west central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Heavy on sorghum in Montgomery County, southeast area. Gates). OKLAHOMA — Light on corn in Muskogee—Okemah area and also in Choctaw County; also found on Johnson grass in these areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Heavy on barley, up to 250 per leaf, in Fallon area of Churchill County. Many fields sticky due to honeydew and extensive acreage treated. (York). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy on young sorghum in Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) -— WISCONSIN - Increased rapildy and averaged 5-50 per Sweep on oats. Several barley fields in east central area showed dwarfing as well as relatively high populations. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Counts in small grain continue low; highest counts in southeast, 51 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present throughout oat-growing area, but generally low, 1 per foot of row. (Orlob). NEBRASKA - Counts less than 1 per 10 sweeps on wheat and oats in central, eastern and southern areas. (Roselle, Bergman). COCCIDS - INDIANA - Eriopeltis festucae infested redtop (Agrostia alba) in Tippecanoe County. (Schuder). FLORIDA - Antonina graminis infested dropseed (Sporobolus sp.) at McIntosh, Marion County. (Graham, June 4). PLANT BUGS - UTAH - Seriously discoloring wheat foliage in part of dryland wheat area south of Granger and Magna in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Parrish). ILLINOIS - Counts of Trigonotylus ruficornis averaged 3 adults and 70 nymphs per 100 sweeps in wheat in east-southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults of Leptopterna dolabratus becoming more noticeable in maturing barley and rye. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). = (652 — CHINCH BUGS —- CONNECTICUT ~- Hatching may become a problem in lawns in some areas where they have previously occurred. (Savos). NEW YORK - Few young nymphs found in Westchester County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). TEXAS - Heavy, widespread populations of Blissus sp. infesting urban lawns in Harris County. In many areas, large portions of lawn grass appear dead. (Portie). ALABAMA - B. leucopterus insularius damaged St. Augustine grass lawns in Florala area, Covington County. (Buttram, June 8). A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - TEXAS - Heavy, local populations moving out of maturing wheat to young grain sorghum, Population apparently local, but indica- tions are that a serious problem could exist if weather conditions are favorable. (Thomas). SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Very light in Salt Lake, Duchesne, Uintah and Juab County small grains. (Knowlton). FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs severe on corn in Sussex County. (Bray). THRIPS (undetermined) - NEW YORK - More abundant than usual on sweet corn in Hudson Valley. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). MARYLAND - Continued to cause noticeable streaking of young soybeans and corn on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Continue heavy on small corn and grain sorghum throughout State; silvering observed on small corn in all areas. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). A CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica sp.) - NEBRASKA - Larvae in and around root systems of both volunteer and planted corn in central aréa, Occurrence about 7-10 days earlier than in 1961. (Bergman). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) -— ILLINOIS - Larvae stwmting 20 percent of corn plants in field in west-southwest district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). CORN :-FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-150 and averaged 50 per 100 corn plants in west-southwest district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Counts per stalk 5 in Choctaw County and 5-8 in Muskogee area, Muskogee County. No damage observed. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - ARIZONA - Adults 3-5 per plant on corn and sorghum in southeast; damage occurring. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MAIZE BILLBUG (Sphenophorus maidis) - MARYLAND - Adults caused moderate injury to young sweet corn locally in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WIREWORMS - INDIANA - Heavy infestations reported from central area on cereal crops. (Matthew). NEBRASKA —- Larvae readily found in areas infested with corn rootworms. (Bergman). IDAHO —- Causing heavy injury to corn in several fields throughout Canyon County (Bechtolt) and to field in Cassia County (Hopkins). UTAH - Severely killed out corn on several farms heavily treated with hog manure in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Parrish). WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) - UTAH - Spottedly abundant, clearing range areas in Ouray Valley, between Vernal and Gusher, in Uintah County. (Knowlton). CORNFIELD ANT (Lasius alienus) - ILLINOIS - Found in cornfield in Greene County; nests 1.4 per square yard, or 18 nests per 100 plants in the row. (ILL. Ins. Rpt.)). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Turning wheat brown in Garfield County; controls applied to some fields. (Bulla). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae increased from 250 to 1,051 per 100 sweeps since report for week ending June 2 in field in Kingston, Washington County. Serious damage imminent. (Kerr). MARYLAND - Larvae ranged - 653 - light to moderate on second-growth alfalfa in Dorchester and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 4-56 per 100 sweeps in Lawrence County and averaged 60 per 100 sweeps in Butte County. (Walstrom, Hintz). NEBRASKA - Larvae averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in Scotts Bluff County. (Hagen). COLORADO - Larval counts high in untreated alfalfa in Mesa County; 300-500 per 100 sweeps. Larvae decreased in most fields in Pueblo, Otero and Bent Counties; 10-30 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla, Schweissing). WYOMING - Adults averaged 22 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties; larvae appearing with counts 14 per 100 sweeps. (Fullerton). UTAH - Damage increasing since warmer weather after cold, stormy period. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Larvae ranged up to 25 per sweep in some fields in Arena Valley, Canyon County. (Waters, June 8). Larvae generally quite abundant in untreated alfalfa this spring; numbers ranged 0-40 per sweep. (Waters). NEVADA - Untreated fields in Churchill County severely damaged; treated fields in good condition. (York). Averaged 250-300 per sweep in Douglas County. (Arnett, Martinelli). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) -— MARYLAND - Adults common on red clover at Ridgely, Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Newly emerged adults averaged 29 and 43 per 50 sweeps, respectively, in 2 fields in Wayne County on June 11. (Sechriest). NEBRASKA - Adults averaged 4 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in southern area, (Bergman). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2 per 10 Sweeps in southwestern counties. N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 6 per 10 sweeps in a field of sweetclover in Spink County. (Hintz). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 30-130 per 100 sweeps in Faulk County on alfalfa. (Hintz). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - ILLINOIS - Recorded in Will County formeirste time. (ldsminsseRpte ie JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding on soybeans in Wilson County; numbers quite light. (Mount). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Early activity noted on soybeans in number of locations. (Nettles et al.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 feet of row varied 0-100 (averaged 46) in Soybeans in west-southwest district and 10-20 (averaged 16) in east-southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - ALABAMA —- Numerous on peanuts in Henry County. (Buttram). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 40 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Choctaw County, southeast area, and fewer than 5 per 10 sweeps in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A CHRYSOMELID (Maecolaspis sp.) - ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 feet of row.varied 0-20 (averaged 2.9) in soybeans in west-southwest district; first adults of season. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). BLISTER BEETLES — IDAHO - Lytta c anipennis very abundant in spots in many alfalfa and clover fields in Bonner County. (McPherson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Epicauta fabricii counts 20-52 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Faulk County. (Hintz). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Averaged 75 per sweep on alfalfa in Caroline County. (u- Md., Ent. Dept.). IOWA - Averaged 5 per sweep on alfalfa in eastern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). WISCONSIN - Counts in alfalfa remain constantly high despite greater tendency for disease. Counts averaged about 60 per sweep in east central and south central areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa averaged 640 in southeast, 528 in south central, 660 in central, 390 in west central and 700 in northwest district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Active on alfalfa in Grant County; 100 per - 654 - sweep. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Very high in alfalfa in Butte and Lawrence Counties; 250-4,000 per 100 sweeps. (Walstrom, Hintz). NEBRASKA - Averaged 325 per 100 sweeps in Scotts Bluff County. (Hagen). OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa and vetch in southeast and east central areas; fewer than 50 per 10 sweeps. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Generally light throughout State; beneficials and hot weather keeping infestations low. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Mesa County; 200-500 per 100 sweeps. In Prowers County, high counts of 1,400 per 100 sweeps noted. Populations in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties light to moderate. (Bulla, Schweissing). WYOMING —- Counts averaged 33 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Building up on alfalfa in Plain City, Hooper and Wilson areas of Weber County. Very little chemical controls required on alfalfa this spring. (Knowlton). OREGON - Normal for time of year in alfalfa in Umapine district of Umatilla County; predators numerous. (Every). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Counts 1 per 20 sweeps in Harlan County; first report for 1962. (Bergman). OKLAHOMA - Light, less than 50 per 10 sweeps, in southeast and east central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in scattered fields in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties; however, generally medium in rest of State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - OREGON - Has been abundant in Washington County red clover from May 15. (Prescott). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MARYLAND - Adults very common in alfalfa and clover on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in southwestern counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged from high (80 per 10 sweeps) in southeast to medium (35-50 per 10 sweeps) in Muskogee-Okemah areas. Local infestations reported from Kingfisher County, central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Heavy in alfalfa statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Plentiful throughout State in alfalfa; average per 25 sweeps 30 plus in San Juan County, 30-50 in Dona Ana County and 10-15 in Roosevelt and Curry Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Numerous, with many adults, in alfalfa in Cache and Box Elder Counties, northern area; 85 percent L. elisus. Also in Myton-Pleasant Valley areas of Duchesne County; 80 percent L. elisus. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Numerous in most alfalfa in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties; counts 100-400 per 100 sweeps. Alfalfa seed producers should use controls at bloom time. (Schweissing). NEBRASKA - Averaged 11 per 100 sweeps in Scotts Bluff County. (Hagen). WYOMING - Adults averaged 19 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties; nymphs appearing, with counts 15 per 100 sweeps. (Fullerton). OREGON -— Populations somewhat above normal in alfalfa in Umapine district of Umatilla County. (Every). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1 per sweep on second-growth alfalfa in Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS -— Adults per 100 sweeps were 0-60 (averaged 28) in west-southwest and 0-30 (averaged 14) in east-southeast district on soybeans. In alfalfa, adults per 100 sweeps varied 100-600 (averaged 300) in east district, 60-140 (averaged 90) in east- southeast, 50-500 (averaged 205) in west-southwest and 2,500 found in one field in west district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Present in alfalfa throughout State; some yellowing appearing in southern areas. Counts in alfalfa ranged 3-30 per sweep in northeast area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA - Averaged 2 per sweep in eastern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Both nymphs and adults, less than 5 per 10 sweeps, noted in alfalfa in Okemah vicinity, east central area; first observation of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 40-700 (averaged 307) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in east district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OREGON - Has been unusually abundant in Washington County red clover. (Prescott). —165 0K PLANT BUGS - KANSAS - Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris lineolatus continue as most abundant insects in alfalfa; however, high counts decreased to 400 per 100 sweeps. (Peters). IOWA - A. lineolatus averaged 12 per sweep in alfalfa in eastern area. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). A SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus sp.) - IDAHO - Emergence noted in Parma area on June (aanGWatexr's)!: THRIPS - OKLAHOMA — Frankliniella sp. light on peanuts in Hughes and Bryan Counties, south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - F. occidentalis moderate to heavy generally on alfalfa throughout State. Causing top growth to curl or wrinkle. Quite heavy on wheat in field in San Juan County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - F. occidentalis and Thrips tabaci adults medium on barley in Soledad area, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Present in most alfalfa in State. Feeding spotted and heavy in some alfalfa in San Juan County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Small numbers on alfalfa in Pueblo and Crowley Counties; 10-40 per 100 sweeps. Increasing numbers could cause damage to second-crop alfalfa. (Schweissing). UTAH - All sizes of larvae present in Roosevelt-—Duschesne area, but seldom in damaging numbers. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 1-5 per 10 sweeps in Faulk County. (Hintz). MARYLAND - Larvae averaged 1 per sweep on second-growth alfalfa in Dorchester and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ILLINOIS - Varied 0-20 and averaged 2.9 per 100 feet of row in soybeans in west-southwest district. This is first observation this season in soybeans. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Has been unusually abundant in Washington County red clover; particularly noticeable in clover heads. (Prescott). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in pastures and grassland in Santa Cruz area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WEBWORMS (Loxostege Spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations quite evident in alfalfa in Okemah area; counts 8-10 per 10 sweeps. Light in Stillwater area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - L. sticticalis adults observed in Dunn County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Tetranychus atlanticus heavy and seriously injuring red clover in sections of Caroline and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TEXAS - Undetermined species locally heavy on Bermuda grass lawns in Midland County. (Thomas) . FRUIT INSECTS PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ALABAMA - Peach drop extensive in untreatedorchards in Madison and Limestone Counties. (Buttram, June 8). GEORGIA - New beetles emerging from soil; controls good with no damage noted. (Snapp, June 11). SOUTH CAROLINA - Spotty in peach orchards in Edgefield County. (Nettles et al.). APPLE CURCULIO (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) - NEW YORK - Adults found in Clinton County June 5-6; fruit injury evident. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CURCULIONIDS - NEW YORK - Unusual amount of activity by unspecified species showing on fruit, especially apples, in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June De SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) —- UTAH - Damage common in some cherry orchards in Brigham-Willard area, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, June 12). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - NEW YORK .- Began appearance in Wayne County June 6. N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). - 656 - APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Migrating forms establishing colonies on succulent, terminal growth. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). Connecticut - Not increased appreciably, but remains most important pest in most orchards. (Savos). INDIANA - Very abundant in some orchards in central area. (Matthew, Osmun). MISSOURI - Moderately heavy on watersprouts in central area; more noted in other parts of State. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - NEW YORK - Severe locally in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). CONNECTICUT '- Local problem at Storrs, Tolland County, and Cheshire, New Haven County; control difficult. (Savos). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults occurred on pear leaves in Glennville and Tehachapi, Kern County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Continues active at Storrs, Tolland County, but reduced considerably. (Savos). PLANT BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW YORK —- L. lineolaris present in considerably greater numbers than usual on apples in Westchester County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). COLORADO - Lygus sp. injured fruit in Mesa County orchards where alfalfa is present. (Bulla). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - VERMONT - Adults observed on trunk of untreated apple tree in Shoreham, Addison County, June 14. Emergence has begun but high nighttime temperatures needed for egg laying; temperatures have been too cool. (MacCollom). NEW YORK - Entries about 2 days old found in fruit at Lagrangeville, Dutchess County; 2-3 day-old entries found in Marlboro area, Ulster County, June 7. Emergence in Monroe County occurred May 20 at Webster, May 22 at Hilton and May 24 at Spencerport. First hatching occurred at Webster June 1. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). INDIANA - First-brood activity extended; some emergence noted at packingsheds. Larvae leaving apples in central area of State. (Matthew, Osmun). Excellent control maintained in most orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County; first brood nearing completion. Examination of larvae overwintering under trunk bands showed about 25 percent still in pupal stage; emergence expected during next 10 days. First-brood larvae beginning to leave apples to pupate. (Hammilton, June 12). MISSOURI - Pupation started in southeastern area; adults expected in 10 days or 2 weeks. Pupation expected in other areas by end of week. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). WISCONSIN - First moth caught in blacklight trap June 6 in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Flight in northern area occurred in 3 distinct and widely separated waves, Separated by periods of cold, wet weather. May 10-12 - especially heavy near Bountiful; June 1-3 - general; June 9-13 - heaviest flight of season in most of northern part of State. (Davis). CALIFORNIA - Light in apples in Sutter Creek, Amador County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) —- NORTH DAKOTA - Feeding on apple in Bismark, Burleigh County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Considerable injury to neglected apple trees in area in Columbia County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - UTAH - Damage fairly general in northern area this spring, probably due to cold weather delaying codling moth treatment. (Davis, Knowlton). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - IOWA — Damaged 20-25 percent of fruit in orchard in Des Moines County June 8 and one percent in another orchard. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - First to third instars medium in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Adults emerging and laying second-brood eggs in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Hamilton, June 12). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - VERMONT - Larvae common on untreated apple trees. (MacCollom). > (IO LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species appearing on apple and pear trees in San Juan County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - IOWA - Severe on peach trees in Des Moines County June 8. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - IOWA - Severe on peach trees in Des Moines County June 8. Gan Ins. Inf.). INDIANA - Probably most important insect pest in Vincennes area orchards, Knox County. (Hamilton, June 12). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA - Severely damaged apricot fruit in Winters area, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Adults appear- ing at light traps in Mesa County. (Bulla). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae two-thirds to fully grown at Cheshire, New Haven County; second generation due about July 10. Injury by first-generation larvae light over most of State. (Savos). NEW YORK - Damage very severe in one orchard and found in several others in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). INDIANA - Daily bait trap captures increased from May 28 to June 8; second-brood larvae now entering twigs and fruit in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Hamilton, June 12). GEORGIA - Twig injury caused alarm in commercial peach orchard. (Snapp, June 9). EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Pupation began first week of June in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) -— CALIFORNIA - Medium and damaging peach fruit in Ripon, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - IOWA - Noted on 1-10 per- cent of leaves in orchard in Harrison County June 6; appeared earlier than usual (about May 22). First record noted at Burlington, Des Moines County, June 8. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NEW YORK -— Egg laying reported June 1 in same area of first emergence in eastern part of State. Depostition also noted in Ulster, Orange and Columbia Counties. Hosts include apple, pear, peach and cherry. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). CONNECTICUT - Emergence tappered off considerably; egg laying on fruit trees by females coming from woods at Southing- ton, Hartford County, noted, Controls effective except on some young trees at Southington; only one severely infested orchard in area. (Savos). EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae nearly fully grown; secondary injury expected to reduce rapidly. (Savos). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - OHIO - First adults caught on sticky boards in Lake County, June 7-12. (Still). ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO ~- Controls necessary on apple and pear trees in San Juan County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). INDIANA - Populations vary extensively between and within orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County; controls needed in many places. (Hamilton, June 12). PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - NEVADA - Heavy on pear trees in Lovelock Pershing County. (Martinelli). UTAH - Common on apple foliage at Roosevelt and Myton, Duchesne County. (Knowlton). More common than usual in apple and pear orchards in northern area. (Davis, Knowlton). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Building up rapidly in untreated blocks in many orchards. (MacCollom). CONNECTICUT - Under control in most of State. (Savos). NEW YORK - Building up under certain controls in more orchards each year in Ulster County; increasing slowly in Orleans County; present in scattered blocks in Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). MISSOURI - Light to heavy in southeastern area; few readily found in other:areas. (Wkly.Rpt.Fr.Grs.). =) 698 j= A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - NEW YORK - Moderate in orchard in Clinton County, June 5. N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MISSOURI - First noted in orchard in Kansas City area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata) - NEW YORK - Present in numbers in many cherry orchards in Orleans County; emergence very light in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). OHIO ~ Large numbers caught on sticky boards in Lake County June 7-12. (Still). A CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - OREGON - First emergence June 11 in Benton County. (Jones). BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - RHODE ISLAND - Appearing on cherry in Kingston, Washington County. (Hyland). CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) - WISCONSIN - First adults caught in blacklight trap June 6 in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - MISSOURI - Appeared during past week; larval numbers in berries now heavy. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELENTONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Continues to cause heavy damage to home yard grapes in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A BARK BEETLE (Pycnarthrum hispidum) - TEXAS - Large numbers attacking larger limbs of 12-year-old fig tree in Hidalgo County; this is a new state record. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - Very light on pecans in Mobile County. (Buttram). OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Reported in filbert orchards in Wilsonville and in Clackamas County. (Jones). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Caused extensive damage in Muskogee-Okemah area; countywide damage noted in Murray County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Heavy and damaging in untreated orchards. (Buttram). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Trapping in southern part of State remains negative; third bait application of year near completion in south- western San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MEXICO —- Third adult male of season taken at Tijuana, Baja California, June 6. (PPC). ORANGE-DOG (Papilio cresphontes) - FLORIDA - Moderate on Citrus sp. at Frostproof, Polk County. (Hickman, May 24). ALABAMA - Increased rapidly since rains and threatening defoliation of citrus in Mobile County. (Seibels). TRUCK CROP INSECTS ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - General in pea fields in Umatilla County; controls required. Adults continue at blacklight traps week of June 16. (Every). UTAH - Very heavy flights reported throughout northern area from early to. mid-May. Larval populations now general and severe; damage to sugar beets and alfalfa observed. (Davis, Knowlton). —- 659 - POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MAINE - Adults moving onto emerging plants; some earliest plants with moderately large numbers and moderately severe feeding injury. (Shands et al.). WISCONSIN - Remains high on small plantings of noncommercialy grown potatoes. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Damage to early potatoes started. (Schulz). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts estimated at 150 per 10-inch cabbage plant; damage serious in garden in Brookings, Brookings County, and present on all crucifers. (Stoner, Orlob). FLEA BEETLES —- VERMONT - Active on potatoes and tomatoes. (MacCollom). NEW YORK - Unspecified species active on potatoes. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species active on potatoes, peppers, tomatoes and other plants; controls recommended. (Savos). MARYLAND - Phyllotreta sp. ranged 2-6 per plant on cabbage at Mardela, Wicomico County. (U, Md., Ent. Dept.). MINNESOTA - Feeding by unspecified species noted on potatoes in Red River Valley; averaged under one per plant. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - A black species killed or severely damaged young lettuce, turnips and radishes and present on potatoes at Bridgeland, Duchesne County. A banded species numerous on a weed, but few on alfalfa in Roosevelt-Ballard area of Unitah Basin. (Knowlton). APHIDS - NEW YORK - Unspecified species abundant on tomatoes and early cabbage in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles facifrons) - MICHIGAN - Generally distributed over area south of Bay City-Muskegon line. Adults ranged 3-5 per sweep in untreated carrots and lettuce at Sodus, Berrien County; ranged 2-3 per sweep in same crops at Stockbridge, Ingham County. (Hutson). NEW YORK - Present on lettuce in Suffolk County where controls not used., (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - UTAH - Destroyed bean, pea, squash, | cucumber, corn and other large garden seeds at Logan and commonly in Cache County during cold, stormy period between May 13 and June 5. (Knowlton). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinortarsa decemlineata) - UTAH - Above normal on potatoes and some tomatoes in Weber-northern Davis County area. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA — Adults active in Grand Forks County; no oviposition observed. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Caused some damage to potatoes in gardens in La Crosse County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Larvae very destructive to untreated potatoes in Talbot and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Larvae in higher than usual numbers in Suffolk County; some adults still laying eggs. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). RHODE ISLAND - Hatch noted in fields in Kingston, Washington County, June 15. (Kerr). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - CALIFORNIA - Light on potatoes in Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) - DELAWARE - Adults taken in light trap at Bridgeville, Sussex County. (Huber). HORNWORMS - (Protoparce spp.) - DELAWARE - Eggs found on tomato plants in Sussex County. (MacCreary). LEAFHOPPERS - NEW YORK - Active on potatoes in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND - Light on large potato acreages in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 2-20 per 100 sweeps on Lycium halimifolium, culls and early potatoes in Scotts Bluff County. (Hagen). - 660 - COLORADO - Numbers increasing slightly on potatoes in Bent and Otero Counties; no nymphs found. No adults found on Lycium spp. to date in San Luis Valley. (Schweissing, Jenkings). Nymphs not found on tomatoes in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Schweissing). UTAH - Nymphs now on tomatoes in Box Elder and Utah Counties; treatment necessary. (Davis, Knowlton). Potato Aphids in Maine — Populations on potatoes very light at Presque Isle, Aroostook County. POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) most common, but FOXGLOVE APHID (Myzus solani) and BUCKTHORN APHID (Aphis nasturtii) also present. Survey of early season infestations indicates buckthorn aphid will be generally light and spotty on potatoes in central and southern areas of county. In central Aroostock County, spring migrations of foxglove aphid and potato aphid began about June 6-8; buckthorn aphid migration started by June 10, which is about usual time. No comparable date can be suggested for GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) since no infestations were found on June 11-12 in 25 thickets of Canada plum (Prunus nigra) , the primary host, in Aroostook County. Past experience indicates migration of this species was about same time as other species. (Shands et al.). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Feeding on cucurbits. (Howe). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - SOUTH DAKOTA - First adult feeding noted in Brookings County on cucurbits. (Howe). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - Reported on squash in Love, Bryan, Stephens and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - IDAHO - Destructive spring population in turnip, rutabaga and mustard seed fields mostly pupapated in southwestern area. (Waters, June 8). Found in all stages on both cultivated and native crucifers in southern part of State. Particularly abundant on untreated turnip seed fields, possibly due to lack of parasites. Over 100 pupae reared to adults without parasites appearing. (Portman, Gittins, Waters). Pupae abundant on wild mustards in Sailor Creek area, Twin Falls County. (Portman). UTAH - Extremely numerous in mosquito light traps during late April and early May. (Knowlton). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NEW YORK - First generation now pupating in Suffolk County; egg laying expected soon. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) — MICHIGAN -—- Common in untreated fields of radish and cabbage. Giseae WISCONSIN - Larvae caused serious problem in cabbage; becoming difficult to control in Racine County. Some damage to radishes observed in Dane and Shawano Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - CONNECTICUT - Very active on home plantings at Storrs, Tolland County; inspection of gardens urged. (Savos). DELAWARE - Heavy egg laying noted on lima beans in first 3-leaf stage in Sussex County. (Kelsey). MARYLAND - Adults and larvae caused noticeable foliage injury to snap and lima beans in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous throughout State following rains around June 2. (Nettles et al.). COLORADO - Adults active in Larimer County; migration to bean fields expected. Not found on beans in Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Daniels, Schweissing). UTAH - Winter survival of adults appears greater than normal; controls applied. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Survey of home gardens in Boise, Ada County, June 6 yielded two adults. Extensive survey June 11 throughout city revealed no stage of this pest present. This would indicate eradication program of 1961 quite successful. (Portman). ALABAMA - Major pest, southern area (Buttram). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - IOWA - Caused severe early damage to green beans in Des Moines County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - FLORIDA - Moderate on black-eye peas at Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County. (Campbell, June 1). DELAWARE — Feeding on lima beans in Sussex County noted. (Kelsey). =O Gi0i— PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Populations in peas vary considerably; treatment begun in early peas. Increases in late peas noticeable; ranged 1 per 10 plants to 2 per plant. Counts in early and midseason peas generally range 2-20 per sweep in east central area; some fields with 70 per sweep. No prediction made for peas in borderline development (beginning to pod with populations of 15-20). Some decrease noted locally, with percentage of diseased aphids increasing. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) - DELAWARE - All stages heavy on string beans in Sussex County. (Kelsey, MacCreary). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Averaged 0.2-1 per square foot in Loma, Fruita, Mack and Grand Junction areas, Mesa County. Ranged 1.5-3 per square foot in Montrose County. Controls advisable on late plantings or in fields in 6-8-leaf stage. (Bulla, Dorst). A LOOPER (Autographa sp.) - UTAH - Damaged sugar beet foliage at Bear River City, Box Elder County. (Davis, Knowlton). WIREWORMS - IDAHO - Caused severe damage to field of sugar beets in Bingham County; plant growth quite variable due to weather; small plants killed by feeding injury. (Weston). SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - UTAH - Noted on sugar beets, but not yet on spinach in Salt Lake County. Knowlton). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW YORK - Caused almost complete loss in 2 onion fields in Oswego County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). MICHIGAN - Larvae numerous in untreated onions. (Hutson). IDAHO - More abundant in commercial bulb onions in southwestern area than in past 3-4 years. Some untreated fields showing considerable damage. (Scott). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Approaching damage levels on seed onions in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties; averaged 8-9 per plant in most fields checked. (Schweissing). THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Frankliniella occidentalis heavy on onions in Roosevelt County; decreased on onions in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEW YORK - Undetermined species easily found on set onions in Genesee County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - NEW YORK - Adults and larvae of C. asparagi easily found in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). CONNECTICUT - C. asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata heavy in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Hannah). SOUTH DAKOTA - C. duodecimpunctata appearing in Brookings County. (Spawn). RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - IOWA - Ate holes in 10 percent of rhubarb stems in Des Moines County June 8. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - OREGON - Building up in most hopyards in Willamette Valley; some controls necessary in Marion County week of June 10. (Morrison, Capizzi). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - INDIANA - Moderate on mint in Jasper and Stark Counties. (Gould). STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - MINNESOTA - Severe at Champlin, Hennepin County; controls recommended. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Damage becoming noticeable on strawberries; averaged 2 per square yard in Waupaca County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Attacked 15 percent of strawberry leaves in Des Moines County June 8. Larvae and pupae still present. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEW =| 6625)— YORK - Heavy in many plantings in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) - UTAH - Flight began at Lehi, Utah County, but not at Providence, Cache County. Damage from last year moderate in raspberries and dewberries in scattered plantings in nothern area. (Davis). STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - WISCONSIN — Severed blossoms in Waupaca County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - IDAHO - Nymphs abundant in strawberries throughout Bonner County. (McPherson) . ROSE STEM GIRDLER (Agrilus rubicola) - UTAH - Emerged from raspberry canes nearly 3 weeks later than normal; adults still active June 12 at Lehi, Utah County, and Draper, Salt Lake County. (Davis). AN ARMORED SCALE (Gymnaspis aechmeae) - FLORIDA - Moderate to severe on pineapple at Cocoa, Brevard County. (Levan, June 1). TOBACCO INSECTS HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Eggs and small larvae present on young tobacco in Anne Arundel and Calvert Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Ranged 2-5 per young tobacco plant in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FO A ORK 2 KK 2 A 22K 2K 2K KK Weather (continued from page 648) WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 18 The week was showery over much of the country and temperature averages were largely on the cool side. Measurable amounts of precipitation were reported from each state; excessive totals were reported from some local areas. Southern Texas, the northern Great Plains, and New England were the only areas of significant, positive temperature departures, largest of which was 6° in northern Maine. Two large areas of low-temperature anomalies occurred in the remainder of the country, one centered over the lower Ohio Valley and the other over the deserts of the Far Southwest. In each, averages ranged up to 8° below normal. Texas was warm all week. Presidio was warmest, with a 108° reading on Monday and a 111° high on Sunday. Farther west, the Interior Valley of California had maxima exceeding 90° on 3 days as far north as Red Bluff, where it was 95° on Sunday. After a cool week, 90° readings were also experienced on Sunday from southern Wisconsin to Maine. Over the Far West, rainfall totals were generally less than 1.00 inch. Little or no rain fell in the southern areas from interior California into western New Mexico. Arizona received its first measurable rainfall since June 3 at Grand Canyon. Squall lines passed over the northern Great Plains and the upper Mississippi Valley, touching off numerous thunderstorms, many accompanied by tornadoes, hail and damaging winds. Tornado damage was reported in the vicinity of Lead, South Dakota, On the 17th, a tornado was sighted near the airport at Rochester, Minne- sota, and winds near 100 m.p.h. were reported from Worthington, Minnesota, on the 16th. Hail and tornado reports were received from Wyoming, Nebraska, Wisconsin and Iowa. In the latter state, 27 persons were injured, considerable property was damaged and a train derailed during the severe weather of the weekend. Inwood, Iowa, received 3.00 inches of rain in 1 hour, producing the highest water level in area streams in years. Numerous thundershowers in the Texas Panhandle were respon- sible for a weekly rainfall total of 4.37 inches at Amarillo and hail to the size of baseballs at three stations. Baton Rouge had 4.59 inches for the largest total in Louisiana. (Continued on page 676). = 663 — COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) -— NORTH CAROLINA — Apparently still emerging from hibernation in Scotland County; counts in cotton check plots averaged 650 per acre compared with 77 at same time in 1961. Some feeding and egg punctures noted. (Mistric). SOUTH CAROLINA - Present or increasing in all counties. Treatments for overwintered weevils recommended. (Cott. Ltr., June 11). GEORGIA - Infested square counts made in 80 central and southern area cotton fields. Punc-— tured squares ranged 0-32 and averaged 6 percent. Stage of growth varied from presquare to first blooms. (Johnson et al.). ALABAMA — Continued emergence of overwintered adults caused some alarm to farmers in southern area; however, these cases isolated and average infestation still remains less than 10 percent statewide. (Buttram). TENNESSEE - Most overwintered weevils believed to be in fields in western area; some early season controls being applied in southern counties. Conditions remain ideal for population increase and emergence from hibernation. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Rapid buildup occurred in some fields in delta counties; square infestations above 75 percent reported in few cases. Most untreated fields show weevil activity. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Heavy emergence from hibernation continued in Tallulah area; heaviest field population, 1,250 per acre. Weevils light in most older cotton; some punctured squares observed. Some treatments underway. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - overwintering emergence underway, but light; ranged 0-150 per acre. No infestations of economic importance found. (Cott. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Infestations spreading and cotton in some fields being damaged in lower Rio Grande Valley area. Infes-— tations generally light in coastal bend, upper coastal, south central, east and north central areas. (Cott. Ins. Sit., Jume 11). Weevil emergence from hiber- nation very light in McLennan and Falls Counties. First-generation weevils appearing in some earliest-planted fields in area. Percent punctured squares averaged 3.4 in early treated, early planted fields and 9 in untreated fields, with overall average 7.7 percent. (Cowan et al.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Only very light infesta- tions observed on cotton in Florence area. (Taft et al.). GEORGIA -— Counts made in 120 central and southern area cotton fields. Egg counts ranged 0-23 and averaged 4 per 100 terminals. Larvae ranged 0-14 and averaged 2 per 100 ter- minals. (Johnson et al.). ALABAMA —- Presently the major pest of cotton. Eggs quite plentiful in practically all fields examined; however, larval counts not alarming. (Buttram). MISSISSIPPI - Activity remains generally light in delta counties; few eggs and larvae reported. Light trap catches remain very low. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA — Few larvae observed in plant terminals and sweeping nets in Tallulah area. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Egg deposition continues on cotton; highest count 10 per 100 terminals. Highest larval counts 6 per 100 terminals. (Cott. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS — Principal problem in lower Rio Grande Valley; infestations light to severe. Infestations light to heavy in Victoria County and light generally in south central, coastal bend, upper coastal, east and south plains areas. (Cott. Ins. Sit., Jume 11). Eggs averaged 1.1 and larvae 0.3 per 100 terminals, and square injury averaged 0.4 percent in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.). NEW MEXICO - H. zea adults appearing in light traps in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Larvae of H. zea and Platynota stultana damaging cotton blossoms in Calipatria area, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Light to medium and a problem in some cotton fields in Parker area of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Four adults emerged from cages at New Mexico State University Experimental Farm during period June 10-16. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) -— CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaging cotton blossoms in Coachella Valley, Riverside County, and light in Calipatria, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 664 - CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA —- Light, local infestations on cotton in south central area. (Smith, Johnson, et al.). COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - TEXAS — Light infestations on cotton in Burleson, Waller, Grimes, Brazos and Robertson Counties. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 11). THRIPS - MISSISSIPPI - Generally light and variable in delta counties. Late, young cotton being damaged, especially on heavy soils. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Light in Tallulah area; no controls applied. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Most serious pest of young cotton in northern areas. Light in Martin, Cherokee, Henderson, Milam, Red River, Clay, Hall, Midland Counties; light to medium in Johnson County; light to heavy in Navarro, Kaufman, Delta and Swisher Counties; medium in Bell, Williamson, Grayson Counties; medium to heavy in Hamilton, Hunt and Denton Counties; heavy in Dallas, Collin Counties. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 11). OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella sp. light to mediun, 3-11 per leaf, on young cotton in Choctaw (southeast) and Harmon (southwest) Counties; lighter than usual in Caddo (central) County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy damage by F. occidentalis continues in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Cool nights caused thrips infestations to remain high in some areas, particularly in higher elevation counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - GEORGIA - Light on cotton throughout southern area. (Johnson et al.). OKLAHOMA - Light on cotton in Choctaw County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light in field of cotton in Wilson County. Several fields in county treated because of unidentified aphids. Det. by Graham. (Mount). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) -— ARIZONA - Light to medium in cotton statewide; 20-50 percent damaged Squares common in all areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO ~ Generally light but slowly building up on cotton; nymphs 1-3 and adults ;5-12 per 100 sweeps in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris ranged 0-6 per 100 sweeps in untreated, fruiting cotton in Tallulah area; a low infestation rate for time of year. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - L. lineolaris movement to fruiting cotton increased in delta counties; many fields treated. (Merkl et al.). FLEAHOPPERS —- TEXAS — Appear to be the greatest threat to cotton along the coast and into central areas of State. Infestations light in Refugio, Liberty, Cherokee, Henderson, Bell, Williamson, Hamilton, Ellis, Kaufman, Delta and Clay Counties; light to medium in Victoria, Colorado, Caldwell, Fayette, Austin, Washington, Burleson, Hays and Houston Counties; and light to heavy in Wharton, Guadalupe, Waller, Grimes, Brazos and Robertson Counties.: (Cott. Ins. Sit., Jume 11). Infestations of Psallus seriatus at injurious levels in few early planted, treated fields and in most early planted, untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Counts per 100 terminals averaged 6.6 in treated fields and 19.3 in untreated fields, with overall average 13.6. (Cowan et al.). OKLAHOMA - Psallus seriatus averaged 3 per plant in Harmon County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - P. seriatus causing some damage to cotton in southern counties; counts averaged 5-12 per 100 sweeps in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Infestations of Spanogonicus albofasciatus increased in central and southeast area cotton; counts 10-60 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PLANT BUGS ~— ARKANSAS - Psallus seriatus, Adelphocoris rapidus and Lygus lineo- laris present in 37.6 percent of cotton fields, but infestations below economic levels. (Cott. Ins. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Adelphocoris superbus light on cotton in southeast area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GRASSHOPPERS —- TEXAS - Some controls necessary in Grimes County cotton and many found on cotton in Hall County. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 11). - 665 - SPIDER MITES — SOUTH CAROLINA — Reported on cotton in number of Piedmont counties. (Cott. Ltr., June 11). GEORGIA —- Light throughout southern area. (Johnson et al.). ALABAMA —- Infestations in young cotton lessened to some degree, probably because of heavy rains in north and central parts of State. Prior to rains, Tennessee River Valley area showed more potential damaging populations than other sections of State. (Buttram). TENNESSEE - Infestations continue to increase in western area despite unfavorable conditions. (Locke). ARKANSAS - A problem in localized areas; most infestations confined to spots within a field. (Cott. Ins. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Tetranychus cinnabarinus light in some cotton in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Populations increased sharply over those of 1961 in some jack-pine stands in west central and east central areas, particularly in vicinity of Mather, Monroe County. Heavy on 4,000 acres in Marinette County. Larvae vary from second and third stages in northwest to third to fifth stages in central area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Some heavy infestations of third and fourth instars reported in Badoura area, Hubbard County. Feeding on staminate cones in St. Louis County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.) e SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) -— MINNESOTA — Development mostly third instar in Cascade area; later instars elsewhere. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) —- ALABAMA — Heavy damage found in pine nursery in Mobile County; presently in pupal stage. (Seibels). KANSAS - First-generation pupae ranged 1-3 per tip in 60 percent of tips of Scotch, Virginia and ponderosa pines in a Labette County planting, southeast; 25 per— cent of adults emerged by June 6. (Thompson). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) -— OREGON —- Survey of 257 nurseries in State resulted in examination of 1,976,448 pines as of June 11. (Larson). WISCONSIN - Populations in east central area appear to have decreased, compared with those of 1961. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW YORK - Infesting Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergi) in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Eucosma gloriola) —- MARYLAND - Larvae infesting shoots of white pine at Butler, Baltimore County. This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Controls completed on 13,162 acres of jack and red pine in Bayfield and Douglas Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PINE BUTTERFLY (Neophasia menapia) - NEW YORK — Egg laying noted at Ithaca, Tompkins County, May 29. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Appears to be on increase in Shelby and Tallapoosa Counties. (Buttram). NORTH CAROLINA —- Neces- sitated controls in several areas of Davidson County. (H. J. Green). PINE ROOT-COLLAR WEEVIL (Hylobius radicis) - WISCONSIN - Increasing in abundance and causing extensive damage in plantations in Marinette and Waushara Counties, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) — NEW YORK - Causing considerable damage to pines in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 11). BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) -—- MINNESOTA - Populations scattered in north central and northeastern areas; some twig distortion noted. (Minn. Ins. Rpiteps - 666 - PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - IDAHO - Heavy on Douglas-fir trees in Grangeville, Idaho County. (Portman). WYOMING — Heavy on pine trees in Teton and Lincoln Counties; crawlers and newly formed scales found on 95 percent of trees examined. (Fullerton). NEW YORK — Troublesome in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). FLORIDA - Moderate on 30 pine trees at Leesburg, Lake County. (Bentley, June 6). PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella a - MINNESOTA - Lightly scattered in northeastern part of State. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). JACK-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti banksianae) - WISCONSIN - Larvae in last stage and pupating in east central counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Scattered populations of early instars reported in northeast area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt). RED-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion nanulus nanulus) - WISCONSIN - Last-stage larvae present in east central-counties; pupation beginning. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - ARKANSAS -— Caused some defoliation of ornamental pines in northwest area; larvae nearly full grown and pupation underway. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). PINE SAWFLIES - RHODE ISLAND - Neodiprion pratti pratti larvae feeding on orna- mental pine in Greenville, Providence County; cocoons forming. (King, Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - Larvae of unspecified species continue to feed. (Savos). NEW YORK - Damage by unspecified species common in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). NORTH CAROLINA - N. pratti pratti caused extremely light defoliation of shortleaf pine, except in scattered areas of Granville, Person, Vance and Orange Counties where defoliation was moderate. (H. J. Green). MINNESOTA - Infestation of an undetermined species reported in Badoura area, Hubbard County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARIZONA —- Heavy and defoliating untreated elms in central part of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Continues active throughout State. Pupation of first generation underway in Muskogee—-Okeham area, east central; second-generation larvae feeding in Stillwater area, north central.’ (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - First generation pupating June 6-8 in Chautauqua and Crowley Counties, southeast; and Sumner County, south central; 10-15 percent of foliage of Siberian and hybrid elms showed damage from larval feeding. (Thompson). MISSOURI - First-generation larvae reaching full growth. Few adults emerging in central and east central areas, with defoliation of elms observed in these areas. (Lenhardt, Barrows). ARKANSAS -— Caused severe damage to Chinese elms in many localities. Second-generation larvae present in southern area; first-generation larvae still present in northern part of State. First- generation adults appearing and depositing eggs. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Larvae caused noticeable injury to several elms at Lanham, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK — Eggs abundant at Ithaca, Tompkins County; some larval feeding has begun, (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - ARKANSAS - Caused severe defoliation of black locust in Nevada County; damage less severe in adjacent counties. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) —- MARYLAND - Larvae very destructive to several weeping willows at Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A LEAF BEETLE (Anomoea laticlavia) - MISSOURI - Adults emerging and feeding on locust and mimosa in east central area, (Lenhardt, Barrows). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - MINNESOTA - Large numbers present in Ramsey County. Also reported from Dakota County, for a new county record. Adults found boring into elm logs and laying eggs along brood gallery. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). - 667 - FLATHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Pest, tentatively determined as this species, present in elms in Haakon County, and apparently contributed to loss of several thousand trees along a creek in north central part of county. It is believed that this pest completed damage begun by drought of past 1-2 years. (Hintz). A FLATHEADED WOOD BORER — IDAHO — An undetermined species very abundant and causing considerable damage to recently transplanted ash and birch trees in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. (Portman). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) -— ARKANSAS - Red-headed race present on pecan and persimmon; larvae range from nearly full grown in southwest to newly emerged at Booneville, Logan County. All larval stages present in more southern counties week of June 4. Only few black-headed forms found; these in Nevada County (south- west). (Ark. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Noted on elms in Riley County, northeast. (Gates). ILLINOIS - First nests observed. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - INDIANA — Unusually abundant on honeylocust in north central area. (Schuder). FLORIDA - Infested water oak at Kissimmee, Osceola County. (Kirkland, Josey, June 6). LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) — WISCONSIN - Present throughout east central counties and abundant in small, localized infestations. Populations in Rusk and Price Counties appear lower than those in 1961. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA — No serious leaf rolling noted. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OAK WEBWORM (Archips flavidanus) - DELAWARE '—- Attacking oaks in New Castle County. (Bray). SOLITARY OAK LEAF MINER (Cameraria hamadryadella) - NORTH CAROLINA - First gene- ration about half grown in Wake County on June 7. (Wray). LINDEN LOOPER (Erannia tiliaria) - DELAWARE - Feeding on oak in New Castle County. (Bray). LOOPERS - UTAH - Unspecified species severely defoliating maples and attacking other trees in Big Cottonwood, Little Cottonwood, Parleys and Mill Creek Canyons and in other canyons about Salt Lake Valley; treatments being applied about camp areas. (Knowlton, Parrish). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Causing serious defolia- tion of elms in Haakon County. (Hintz). CANKERWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA — Numerous and general over State; feeding on wide range of trees and shrubs. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Continue active in northwest district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Pupation has occurred in most areas; observations in area south of Menomonie, Dunn County, showed defoliation of elms, boxelder, raspberries, basswood, oaks and nearly all vegetation except sumac. No prediction of recurrence can be made at this time. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW YORK - Activity declining in Westchester County; activity has ceased in Suffolk County; still troublesome in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 11). CONNECTICUT - Causing concern at Coventry, Westport and Storrs. (Savos). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) — WISCONSIN - Incidence on chokecherry trees unusually heavy in an area of Columbia County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A CLEAR-WING MOTH - UTAH - Adults of an undetermined species emerging from dying ash tree from Springville area, Utah County. (Davis, Knowlton). = 668 —- MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEVADA —- Ranged light to heavy on elm, poplar and willow in Winnemucca, Humboldt County. (Day, Wilkins). ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - MARYLAND — Very heavy on several large American elms at Laurel, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) —- RHODE ISLAND - Not yet reported in State. (Mathewson). CONNECTICUT -— Emergence continues, but at very reduced rate. Adults very active in line running from just south of Middletown, Middlesex County, to coast. (Savos). NEW YORK - Egg laying reported in eastern part of State June 1, in same area of first emergence. Egg deposition noted in Ulster, Columbia and Orange Counties; hosts involved included oak, ash, native cherry, redcedar and other unspecified species. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) — NEW YORK - Crawlers appearing early on Moraine locust, oak, hawthorn and elm. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 11). IOWA - Infes- ting oak at Des Moines, Polk County. (lowa Ins. Inf., June 11). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - INDIANA - Eggs present at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County. (Schuder). A DESERT DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Paraneotermes simplicicornis) - NEVADA — Infestation medium in elm tree in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Davey Tree Service). BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy discoloration conspicu- ous throughout State; mines abandoned. (Mathewson). NEW YORK —- Continues a problem in Chemung County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). NEW JERSEY — Adults still present in some areas; several larval stages feeding within leaves. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 12). ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) —- NORTH DAKOTA -— Present in Grant County. (N. D. Ins Sur 3) ve BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) —- TEXAS - Causing heavy damage to arbor—- vitae in De Witt County; infestation heavy to widespread, larvae about one-third grown. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Medium, widespread population attacking several ornamental shrubs in Harris County. (Portie). OKLAHOMA — Very severe and killing evergreens in Muskogee area, Muskogee County, and Okemah area, Okfuskee County. Also active in other areas over State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA — Several ceports of heavy damage on several varieties of cedar received from southern portion of State. (Buttram). NORTH CAROLINA - Small larvae very abundant on some arborvitae in Wake County. (H. J. Green). MARYLAND - Small larvae appear- ing on arborvitae, sycamore and other ornamentals in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ALABAMA - Very heavy in Mobile area, Mobile County. (Seibels, June 8). ARKANSAS - Larvae appeared in southern area during late May and in northern area week of June 4, First-brood damage not severe, except on isolated individual trees. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI — Light on honeylocust in nurseries in east central area, (Lenhardt, Barrows). INDIANA - Lighter than usual on honeylocust in north central part of State. (Schuder). MARYLAND — Small larvae appearing on mimosa and honeylocust in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Infesting honeylocust in Sussex County. (Kelsey). RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on a variety of plum in Antioch, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundella) — UTAH — Defoliating many trees in several areas of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). = 669) = AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) -— ALABAMA — Severely damaged azalea cuttings in several greenhouses in Mobile County. (Seibels). CALIFORNIA — Medium on azaleas in Modesto, Stanislaus County, and in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) - MARYLAND -— Present on arborvitae at Towson, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - MARYLAND - Larvae infesting catalpa trees in Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - VERMONT —- Present in large numbers. (MacCollom). RHODE ISLAND - Heavy at Graniteville, Providence County, and at Warwick, Kent County. (Cartier, Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - Has emerged; will soon attack many ornamentals. (Savos). MICHIGAN - Common on roses and peonies. (Hutson). AN AZALEA STEM BORER (Oberea myops) - DELAWARE — Heavy on planting of azalea in New Castle County. (Bray). BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - RHODE ISLAND - First adult of season found in nursery in Cranston, Providence County. (Cartier). A BLISTER BEETLE (Lytta cyanipennis) - IDAHO - Damaging commercially grown iris. (McPherson) . APHIDS — UTAH - Aphis spiraecola extremely heavy on spirea in some communities in Cache and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton). NEW YORK - Unspecified species on roses difficult to control in Nassau County; unspecified species also troublesome in Chemung County on various hosts. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June Mad). AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) --ALABAMA - Caused discoloration of over surface of azalea leaves in Mobile County. (Seibels, June 8). FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Present statewide; attacking Chrysanthemum spp. in Kingston, Washington County. (Hyland, Mathewson). A FULGORID PLANTHOPPER (Metcalfa pruinosa) - ALABAMA — Moderate on camellias and azaleas in Mobile County. (Seibels, June 8). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant and common in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, on ash, maple, poplar and willow. (Portman). RHODE ISLAND - Hatching in East Providence, Providence County. (Cartier). JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Crawlers emerged and began wa: secretion by June 7 in Surry County. (J. F. Greene). RHODE ISLAND —- Eggs present in Kingston, Washington County, but not yet hatched. (Mathewson). MASSACHUSETTS Hatching on ornamentals. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) - NEW YORK — Eggs on Taxus spp. approximately one-third hatched at Ithaca, Tompkins County, June 10. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). COCCIDS - OHIO — Young crawlers of Lepidosaphes yanagicola moving out on new growth of Euonymus alatus compacta at Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, week of June 4, (Walker). MARYLAND - Crawlers of Ceroplastes sp. active on spirea, holly and hemlock at Cheverly, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Crawlers of Ceroplastes spp. ready to emerge in Wake County, June 5. (J. F. Greene). Coccids in Florida - Aonidiella taxus moderate to severe on Podocarpus macrophylla var. maki at Dania, Broward County, May 25. Chrysomphalus perseae moderate to severe on Yucca aloifolia at Fairvilla, Orange County, May 31. = 670 - Gymnaspis aechmeae moderate to severe ou Billbergia sp. at Cocoa, Brevard County, June 1. Pseudaonidia duplex infested Camellia sp. at De Land, Volusia County, June 5. Toumeyella parvicornis severe on pine at Leesburg, Lake County, June 6. (Fla. Coop. Sur.) CRICKETS - ALABAMA —- Oviposition by Oceanthus sp. caused moderate damage to camellias in several locations in Mobile County. (Seibels, June 8). Several species noted on this host in same county; Orocharis saltator and Cycloptilum trigonipulpum most common. (Seibels). A HORNTAIL (Hartiga cressonii) - CALIFORNIA - Light in rose canes in Denair, Stanislaus County; Auburn, Placer County; and Carmichael, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SAWFLY (Monoctenus melliceps) - KANSAS - Larvae ranged 1-5 per branch on juniper and arborvitae in Johnson County, northeast. Most Keteleer junipers infested with few larvae; some heavily infested, with severe damage. (Guldner). Pest also heavy on redcedar in Kingman and Barton Counties. (Gates). MITES —- NEW JERSEY — Unspecified species present on many ornamentals. (Ins.-Dis.- Weed Newsltr., June 12). OKLAHOMA - Tetranychus sp. reported countywide on ever- greens in Kingfisher, Cleveland and Cimarron Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA — Tetranychus telarius active on evergreens in western part of State. QLGD. insmiSiceDr INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Undetermined species heavy in Gerlach area, Washoe County. (Lukens). UTAH - Unspecified species extremely numerous about Pelican Pond- Leota-Ouray Valley area; annoying in Vernal-Jensen area and troublesome in Roosevelt-Ballard area, both in Uintah Basin; generally more numerous than since 1958 in Ashley Valley. Troublesome in Cache County in Logan-Lewiston area meadows and towns and in Logan Canyon; very annoying at Duchesne and moderately serious in Pleasant Valley of Duchesne County and in Heber Valley of Wasatch County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Psorophora spp. continue abundant and annoying to people in Stillwater area, north central. Unspecified species also abundant in areas of southeast portion of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA — Aedes dorsalis and A. vexans seriously annoying to residents of North Platte Valley. (Hagen). SOUTH DAKOTA —- Aedes spp. and Culex spp. extremely annoying in eastern portion of State. (Spawn). NORTH DAKOTA —- Activity building up rapidly in most of State; various species involved. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA -— During period June 3-9, total of 313 larval samples collected; 57 percent contained Culex restuans, 48 percent Culiseta imornata, 21 percent Aedex vexans; 12 species were taken. Light trap collections totaled 95,000 males and females, 83,000 of which were females; 95 percent of females were Aedes vexans. During previous period, 63 percent of light trap collections were males, 37 percent females. Above total includes 2 traps outside of Metropolitan Mosquito:Control District; peak catches occurred June 6-9, with catches since that period showing signifi- cant progressive decline in numbers. Total of 1,077 daytime bite collections made, with 13,910 specimens taken; 81 percent were Aedes vexans: no Culex spp. taken and only 9 specimens of Culiseta inornata. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Mosquito problems spotty due to spotty rainfall. Unspecified species bothering cattle in Rock, Langlade, Wood, Grant, Trempealeau, Marathon, Price and Winnebago Counties; also a problem in Chippewa, Oconto, Taylor and Washburn Counties. Of little or no annoyance in adjacent counties in many instances; populations also fluctuate within counties. Cool nights interfered with trapping in Madison area, although complaints indicate some nuisance. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans lighting at rate of 3 per minute in a marshy area of Onslow County. (Ashton) . = 671 - FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - GEORGIA -— Ranged 3-20 per animal (averaged 8) in Rabun and White Counties. (Roberts). SOUTH CAROLINA -— Numerous in Oconee County; present in mountainous sections of Spartanburg County. Control difficult. (Nettles et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Collected in Cleveland County. (Robertson). NEW YORK — Counts 20 or more per head observed. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). VERMONT — Populations light. (MacCollom). INDIANA -— Remains extremely low in eastern part of State due to cold, cloudy weather conditions. Appears to be building up in central portion of western area; ranged 5-20 per animal (aver- aged 8). (Dobson). ILLINOIS — Generally low due to cool, wet weather; ranged 0-8 (averaged 1.5) per face. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Varies considerably from herd to herd in northeast; ranged 3-24 per animal on one large beef herd, with averages of 6-8; ranged 0-12 per animal on other herds in area, (Munson, Thomas, Wood). NEBRASKA —- Ranged 6-8 per face on beef animals in Thayer County; animals showed swollen-eye conditions. (Bergman). KANSAS - Ranged O-7 per head in north- east area; averaged less than one. (Peters). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - INDIANA — Extremely numerous in barns where sani- tation has been neglected. (Dobson). OKLAHOMA = Populations somewhat reduced; ranged 75-80 per scudder grid. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - UTAH — Ranged 25-1,500 per cow on some beef herds in Hayden-Neola area of Uintah Basin. Becoming generally troublesome in Cache and Box Elder County herds; sometimes 50-200 per animal. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Causing much irritation to many cattle herds in Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). NEBRASKA - Averaged 250 per animal back in Thayer County. (Bergman). KANSAS -— Ranged from 50 to over 400 per animal on cattle on eastern area range; apparently causing much discomfort to many of the animals. (Peters). OKLAHOMA —- Populations of 500-750 per head in Stillwater area, Payne County, somewhat below normal. Ranged 350-600 per head on cattle in Muskogee-Okemah area, east central; activity reported throughout State, with some population increases noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Continues moderate to heavy in northern and central areas. Ranged from 20 to over 300 per animal in northeast area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ILLINOIS - Very abundant on some herds; ranged 0-700 (averaged 176) per animal. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Becoming numerous on untreated cattle in Tippecanoe County. (Dobson). GEORGIA - Counts in several counties over State ranged 0-600 (averaged 70) per animal. (Roberts). VERMONT - Present in moderate numbers. (MacCollom). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WYOMING - Becoming a problem in barns and buildings on many farms and ranches in Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). OKLAHOMA - Populations increased; up to 25 per head (averaged 7) on cattle in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Becoming a nuisancw to cattle in eastern part of State. (Peters). ILLINOIS -— Very abundant on some animals; ranged 0-50 (averaged 8) per animal, (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA —- Very numerous in Tippecanoe County. (Dobson). TABANIDS -— UTAH - Horse flies becoming more troublesome in Myton=Duchesne area, Duchesne County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Tabanus spp. averaged 2 per head on cows in Okemah area, Okfuskee County; ranged 2-4 per animal in Idabel area, McCurtain County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Few Tabanus sulcifrons noted on eattle in eastern area; averaged less than one per animal. (Peters). WISCONSIN - Horse flies a problem in Marinette and Wood Counties; deer flies becoming noticeable. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS -— Horse flies scarce; O-1 per animal. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEW YORK - Horse flies, particularly Tabanus lasiophthalmus, very abundant. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 11). DELAWARE - Deer flies very abundant and annoying statewide, particularly Chrysops callida. (MacCreary). NORTH CAROLINA - Undetermined deer flies very numerous in Carteret and Onslow Counties. (Ashton). GEORGIA — Counts of unspecified species on cattle in several southern and central counties ranged 0-2,000 per animal; averaged 120. (Roberts). = Gia BLACK FLIES - MARYLAND - Second brood of unspecified species emerged and annoying to residents in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IOWA -— Unspecified species annoying at Center Point, Linn County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). SOUTH DAKOTA - Simulium spp. extremely annoying in eastern area. (Spawn). IDAHO - Undetermined species emerging in numbers at higher elevations on Moscow Mountain, Latah County. (Manis). FLIES - IOWA —- Heavy populations observed on one herd. Counts per animal as follows: Haematobia irritans - 30-750 (averaged 200); Musca autumnalis - 4-14 (averaged 8) ; Stomoxys calcitrans — 5-30 ‘(averaged 13). Milk production from this herd will be reduced up to 25 percent if controls not begun immediately. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Adults conspicuously running cattle in Pleasant Valley; also troublesome in Duchesne and Myton areas of Duchesne County, and occasionally in Heber Valley area of Wasatch County. Noted running cattle in Bridgeland-Duchesne area, Duchesne County, and in Kamas-Oakley area, Summit County. It has been several years since annoyance of cattle has been so exten- sive by mid-June. (Knowlton). HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) - UTAH - Adult activity common in Uintah, Duchesne, Summit and Wasatch Counties. Horses standing about in many areas, with heads over each other's backs. (Knowlton). CATTLE LICE — UTAH = Unspecified species remain severe on 20 percent of a beef cattle herd in Hayden area, Uintah County. (Knowlton). A WASP (Polistes exclamans) —- FLORIDA — Collected at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, May 23; wasp involved in near-fatal stinging of child. Det. by K. V. Krombein. (Jassa). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - OKLAHOMA - Continues annoying around picnic areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur. LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Taken from dog in Stillwater area, Payne County; 30-50 taken from members of survey crew working in wooded areas of Pushmataha County, southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CHIGGERS -— KANSAS - Unspecified species becoming a nuisance in untreated areas over most of State. (Parker, Peters). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - IDAHO —- Adults very numerous and annoying in households. (Waters, June 8). Adults continue numerous and annoying around homes in Parma area, Canyon County. (Waters). BLACK LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes ater) - WISCONSIN -— Reports of several infesta- tions indicate this pest a problem in southern part of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus piceus) - MARYLAND —- Adults appeared in homes in Prince Georges County and at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). POWDER-POST BEETLES - CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species reported troublesome at Chaplin, Windham County. (Savos). - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations emerging from ash cupboards in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Dendrobiella aspera) ~ NEVADA —- Infestation medium in overhead beams in a house in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Zoller). = 673 = A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) — ARIZONA - Heavy adult and nymphal populations a problem around homes in several areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - IDAHO -— Severely damaging a new home in Nampa, Canyon County. (Bechtolt). A POWDER-POST TERMITE (Cryptotermes cavifrons) - FLORIDA - Collected at Gaines-— ville, Alachua County, June 4; first alate reproductives of season observed at lights. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TERMITES —- CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species causing some concern at Lebanon, New London County. (Savos). GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - CONNECTICUT - Troublesome at West Hartford, Hartford County. (Savos SPRINGTAILS - NEW JERSEY - Igfestations being reported in many homes. (Ins.-Dis.- Weed Newsltr., June 12). PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caesp\ tum) - MARYLAND - Winged forms and workers annoy- ing many homeowners in central and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CARPENTER ANTS - IOWA - Many inquiries concerning unspecified species being received. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 11). CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species quite common around many households. (Savos). NORTH CAROLINA - Camponotus pennsyl- vanicus caused considerable damage to porch of house in Wake County. Vee ANTS - CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species generally very active on lawns, with ‘many complaints. (Savos). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Adults, larvae in alfalfa in Dona Ana, Sierra and San Juan Counties; ranged 5-10 per 25 sweeps in San Juan County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Adults averaged 18 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). NEBRASKA —- Populations abundant in all fields checked in Scotts Bluff County. (Hagen). Populations higher than normal in all cropland areas. (Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 1-15 per 10 sweeps in west central and central areas; heavy population of 30 per 10 sweeps present in Butte County alfalfa. (Hintz). DAMSEL BUGS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations quite uniform; averaged one per 10 sweeps throughout central area. (Hintz). WYOMING - Adults averaged 9 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties, (Fullerton). NEW MEXICO - General in all alfalfa checked in State; ranged 5-9 per 25 sweeps. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LACEWINGS -— NEW MEXICO - Appearing in cotton and alfalfa fields in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Egg stalks averaged 18 per 100 plants in field of corn in Sarpy County. (Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA -— Chrysopa spp. ranged 2-15 per 100 sweeps in central portions of State. (Hintay ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - IDAHO -— First emergence occurred June 7 in Homedale area, Owyhee County, from same bed observed for this purpose during past 4 years. (Waters). OREGON — Adults began emerging in Umatilla County June 8, (Stephen). A LEAFCUITING BEE (Megachile rotundata) - IDAHO - First emergence noted in Parma area, Canyon County, June 8; some nest holes filled and capped as of June 13. Majority of these bees have not yet emerged. (Waters). ICHNEUMONS (Megarhyssa spp. ) - SOUTH DAKOTA - M. atrata collected at Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County, and M. macrurus at Armour, Douglas County. (Spawn). - 674 - MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - CALIFORNIA - Two new infestations found in West Sacramento, Yolo County. Some 26 beetles taken in a few yards involving 3 city blocks. One beetle taken in yard about one and one-half miles west of these finds. The 3 locations, including the 1961 find, form a triangle about one and one-half miles on a side. No beetles have been collected in the area of the 1961 adult finds which received ground treatment. Ground and foliage treatment started immediately in the new infested area. Several hundred traps have been in operation since mid-May and visual inspection has been increased in entire area. The West Sacramento infestation is approximately one and one-half miles from the known infestation center in the City of Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTH CAROLINA - First report of season June 8 in Pickens County; 12 specimens collected at bridge at Nimmons. Specimens may have originated up the Keowee River and brought down during high water. (Nettles et al.). NEW JERSEY - Adult emergence noted in southern part of State. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 12). RHODE ISLAND - No additional adults reported. (Mathewson, Cartier). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - CONNECTICUT -— Very abundant on wide variety of plants in Storrs area, Tolland County. (Savos). A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Populations heavy at check point in Miami, and weekly controls began on April 30 at Miami International Airport to prevent long-distance movement of adults. Delimiting survey with light traps underway. (Woodruff, Monthly Ins. Rpt. for May). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK — Flying at sandy locations in Syracuse area, Onondaga County, June 7, and in Wayne County June 8. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) ~ MARYLAND - Adults appearing at lights in Hyattsville, Prince Georges County, June 14. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). EYED CLICK BEETLE (Alaus ocelatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults stimulating interest in Johnston, Providence County. (Mathewson). A COREID BUG (Liorhyssus hyalinus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on drying weeds in Arlington area, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella) - ARKANSAS - Larvae successfully over= wintered in beehives in northeastern area; detected in mid-April in Mississippi County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Heaviest nuptial flight of season occurred June 12 following almost 2 days of continuous rain in Mobile County. (Seibels). A SPRINGTAIL (Hypogastrura armata) - NORTH CAROLINA — Noted in earthworm bed in Rockingham County. Det. by D. L. Wray. (Mount). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(24) :616 -—- GREENBUG — SOUTH DAKOTA —- Second portion of note should read: "Found in Brookings and Roberts Counties on underground parts of oats attended by an ant, Lasius niger alienus. Up to 10-30 percent of red leaf of oats (barley yellow aare has been noticed in areas where greenbug populations were high during early part of May. (Orlob)." CEIR 12(24) :634 - TULIPTREE SCALE (Toymeyella liriodendri) should read (Toumeyella liriodendri). CEIR 12(24) :643 -— CORRECTIONS -— A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reculusa) should read (Loxosceles reclusa). = 675 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Heliothis unip. ips. saucia nubilalis ornith. sexta quing. zea vires. ARIZONA *Yuma 5/31-6/6 55 Mesa 5/31-6/6 vi ARKANSAS Hope 5/30-6/13 13 18 119 2 *Morrilton 5/30-6/13 137 20 20 Kelso 5/30-6/13 17 26 17 7 Fayetteville 5/31-6/13 253 62 71 52 CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp. Sta. 6/7-13 23 44 2 5 FLORIDA Quincy 6/10 i ILBINOIS (County) Champaign 6/8-11 157 5 9 4 INDIANA (Counties) Jasper 6/5—11 38 19 9 691 ak 1 La Porte 6/5-11 1,181 54 5 48 1 Lawrence 6/3-8 181 45 10 22 2 5 1 Tippecanoe 6/8-14 50 5 2 1 Vanderburgh 6/7-13 98 22 3 4 2 5 KOWA Ames 6/2-8 682 84 40 575 al ‘Columbus Jct. 5/31-6/7 179 235 43 398 pace 5/24-25 4 al Fidier 5/27-6/4 127 59 13 88 KANSAS Garden City 6/6,8,11 4 sla 3 5 Hays 6/8, 12 27 8 8 20 Manhattan 6/9-11, 13-15 197 23 2 1 Mound Valley 6/7 4 9 2 8 Wathena 6/9-10 90 16 4 2 MINNESOTA Fergus Falls 5/29-6/14 102 11 Skakopee 5/29-6/14 17 2 1 Rochester 5/29-6/14 20 2 Worthington 5/29-6/14 3 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 6/8-14 99 17 99 250 14 49 1 NORTH DAKOTA Fargo 6/11-15 46 McLeod 6/11-15 16 1 Linton 6/11-15 Emrick 6/11-15 aS * Three traps -— Yuma; 2 traps — Morrilton, Stoneville (Continued on page 676) = 676°- LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (Continued) - Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Beliothis ips. saucia nubilalis j ta gui _Zga vires. SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 6/4-17 3 3 4 19 6 1 Clemson 6/2-15 20 7 9 47 12 2 6 2 SOUTH DAKOTA (County) *Brookings 6/11, 14 32 TEXAS Brownsville 6/8-14 2 278 72 44 18 19 300 1 Waco 6/9-15 20 11 23 26 34 1 WISCONSIN Janesville 6/5-11 29 2 *Mazomanie 6/4-11 499 122 568 Middleton 6/6-12 351 26 40 9 Madison 6/6-12 926 45 26 12 Wayne 6/8-11 17 Arlington 6/5-11 335 1 Theresa 6/5-11 241 Nenno 6/8-11 233 Reedsville 6/5-11 118 12 5 Additional Light Trap Collections ARIZONA - Spodoptera exigua — (*Yuma, 5/31-6/6) - 652; (Mesa, 5/31-6/6) —- 57. CALIFORNIA (Shafter Exp. Sta., 6/7-13) - Prodenia praefica —- 294; Proxenus mindara — 112. SOUTH CAROLINA (Charleston, 6/4-10) - 558; (Charleston, 6/11-17) - 1,515. *Three traps - Yuma; 2 traps - Brookings, Mazomanie. RCI I a 2 2c ai ac ake 2 ae cate ae a a Weather of the Week Ending June 18 (Continued from page 662) In the East, the area from western New York southward and from the lower Ohio Valley to the Gulf had generally over 1.00 inch of rain. Drought conditions in southern Florida, the Delmarva Peninsula, and southern New Jersey were alleviated. Recurrent showers in Florida gave totals over 6.00 inches in the southern and central Peninsula. Precipi- tation amounts over 2.00 inches were common in the Carolinas and Virginia. In New England, severe thunderstorms took the life of one person at Danbury, Connecticut, and hail and strong winds were destructive locally. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = Hit! 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Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Survey and Detection Operations Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 12 June 29, 1962 Number 26 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Approximately 37,000 acres treated for GRASSHOPPERS in Oregon and 20,000 addi- tional acres to be treated. Controls also applied to 15,000 acres in parts of Sanpete and Juab Counties, Utah, and controls underway in many parts of Millard County of same State. Grasshoppers continue to build up in areas of South Dakota and North Dakota. (pp. 681-682). CORN EARWORM building up in Kansas and Oklahoma, and infestations of sweet corn expected to become a problem in Hudson Valley of New York in July and worse than usual in August. (p. 682). SORGHUM WEBWORM damaging grain sorghum locally in Texas, and LESSER CORNSTALK BORER has been extremely heavy this year in Alabama. Infestations of HESSIAN FLY in central Kansas apparently heaviest since 1945. (p. 684). A LYGAEID (Crophius bohemani) causing severe damage to barley in area of Siskiyou County, California, and a CICADA (Okanagana luteobasilis) is present on rangeland in areas of Wyoming. Grubs of a MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga anxia) averaged 8 per Square foot in wet meadow soil in Cherry County, Nebraska. (p. 685). ALFALFA WEEVIL damaging alfalfa in areas of California, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming in the West, and in Pennsylvania, New York and Rhode Island in the East. (p.685). JAPANESE BEETLE damaging soybeans in North’ Carolina and Virginia; and PEA APHID reached such high levels in Mesa County, Colorado, that controls are needed. (p. 686). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy or building up in parts, of New Mexico and reported in Missouri and North Dakota, and LYGUS BUGS continue to increase in alfalfa in several Western States. (p. 687). ALFALFA LOOPER numerous in parts of Utah and Wyoming and outbreak apparently underway in southern part of Idaho. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR increasing in several Western States; and THRIPS causing extensive damage to peanuts in Crenshaw County, Alabama, and severe damage to soybeans noted locally in areas of Virginia and Delaware. Thrips also continue heavy on several crops in Maryland. (p. 688). ORCHARD MITES increasing in Vermont and New York, and potentially a serious threat to apple trees in Massachusetts. Weather extremely favorable for mite buildup in Missouri and controls for mites expected to be difficult in Indiana. EUROPEAN RED MITE much heavier than in 1961 in Ohio. (p. 689). APPLE MAGGOT adults noted in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Massachusetts. (p. 691). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY situation in Florida, (p. 693). ALFALFA LOOPER infestations general on peas in southeastern Washington and controls continue in northern third of Umatilla County, Oregon. (p. 693). Infestations of POTATO PSYLLID most severe in 40 years in Weber and Box Elder Counties, Utah, on tomatoes; some yellows appearing on early potatoes in northern Utah counties. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE extremely numerous in area of Accomack County, Virginia; and more EUROPEAN CORN BORER larvae present in potatoes on Eastern Shore of Virginia since 1959. (p. 694). BOLL WEEVIL populations continue to increase in cotton from South Carolina to Texas. BOLLWORMS extremely heavy in isolated spots in central and southern Alabama. (p. 697). Infestations of LYGUS BUGS increased in cotton statewide in Arizona. (p. 698). PALES WEEVIL caused considerable damage to Christmastree plantings in areas of Pennsylvania and attacked Scotch pine in Jefferson County, Indiana. This is first time pest has been taken in Indiana since 1916. (p. 699). LINDEN LOOPER (Continued on page 680) - 680 = caused major damage to forests and shade trees in Ulster and Greene Counties, New York, and moderate to heavy defoliation occurred practically statewide in Pennsylvania. (p. 701). A complex of at least 6 species of LEAF ROLLERS caused considerable damage to oaks in Pennsylvania and extremely large numbers of adult leaf rollers present in southwestern and south central Connecticut. (pp. 701-702). OMNIVOROUS LOOPER extremely heavy and feeding on English ivy in Los Angeles County, California, where infestations are the heaviest in many years. BAGWORM a problem on ornamentals in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Alabama. (p. 703). ROSE CHAFER a nuisance to ornamentals in Iowa, Wisconsin, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont. (p. 704). HORN FLY and FACE FLY continue to increase and cause annoyance to cattle ina number of states, and STABLE FLY may be more severe on cattle in Illinois than for past several years. (p. 707). LONE STAR TICK continues heavy in southeastern Oklahoma on cattle. (p. 708). JAPANESE BEETLE reported in Indiana and Ohio. Only one adult taken in trap during week at new infestation in Yolo County, California, although weather was favorable. (p. 710). DETECTION A LEAF TIER (Norma dietsiana) recorded for first time in Delaware. (p. 703). New county records were PEA WEEVIL in Skagit County, Washington (p. 694), and PEAR PSYLLA in Alpine County, California (p. 689). CORRECTIONS See page 698. SPECIAL REPORTS Status of Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 706). Status of Some Important Insects in the United States (pear thrips). (p. 713). Reports in this issue are for week ending June 22, unless otherwise indicated. FOR IO OO OK OK IK 5 AK IK WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 25 The Nation's weather began hot, except in the North Central States where cool Canadian air moved in behind the only active frontal system of the period. By Thursday morning, the cold front had moved off the east coast, leaving the country under the influence of warming, but weak, high pressure systems for the remainder of the period. In the Far West, 90° maxima were recorded in the Southwest and interior California during the entire period and, except for coastal areas, were also recorded inland to the Continental Divide and northward to Canada by the end. Daily highs in the Southwest deserts reached or exceeded 110°, and averages were generally above normal by as much as 6° in Oregon, Nevada and California. In the Great Plains, 90° highs were a daily occurrence in Texas and much of Oklahoma. East of the Mississippi River, 90° highs were observed from southern Wisconsin to New England as the week opened, but gave way to cooler air during the midperiod, and were much in evidence again across the southern half as the period closed. The area centered around northern Wisconsin, and Lake Superior (Weather continued on page 712). - 681) = CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - OREGON - Spray program for Camnula pellucida nearing completion in Harney County. By June 15, 5,090 acres sprayed on Malheur Wildlife Refuge. By June 18, approximately 25 percent of grasshoppers in adult stage. On private county land, approximately 12,000 acres sprayed; some stripped to control grass- hoppers over 20,000 acres. A few areas, isolated until now by high water, to be treated soon. (Jackson, Novotny). Serious grasshopper infestation developed in Swan Lake area of Klamath County; previously on private rangeland. Approximately 20,000 acres involved, with populations ranging 50-200 per square yard. Aerial spray operations to begin in week of June 24. (Busdicker). IDAHO - Grasshopper hatch incomplete in Nez Perce County; nymphs spotted throughout area; ranged 5-75 per square yard. Few fourth and fifth instars of Melanoplus sanguinipes present. In Camas County, Camnula pellucida showing spotted hatching, with populations up to 125 per square yard. In Conservation Reserve Land, hatch delayed, with populations running 3-5 per square yard. First to fourth instars of M. bivittatus, M. packardii, M. sanguinipes and C. pellucida present. (Evans). MONTANA —- Nymphs, mostly Melanoplus sanguinipes, Aulocara elliotti and Ageneotet- tix deorum, present in many areas heavily infested in 1961; averaged 25-30 per Square yard in Belle Prairie area, Dawson County, in crested wheatgrass. Nymphs numerous on 200,000 acres of rangeland in Carter County by May 17; not too serious in Richland and Prairie Counties. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). UTAH - Control of grasshoppers by aircraft applied to 15,000 acres in northern Sanpete- south Juab County area. Area included crop, range, public domain and soil bank lands. (Thornley, Knowlton). Grasshoppers heavily infesting valley meadows and farms in BookCliffs area of southern Uintah and northern Grand Counties. Infes-— tation 6 miles long by one-quarter mile wide at present, but expected to increase considerably. (Knowlton, Lindsay). Controls underway in many parts of Millard County; outbreak well above normal, especially in eastern half of County. (Knowlton, Rickenbach). NEW MEXICO - Spotted infestations of grasshoppers found in alfalfa in Virden Valley, Hidalgo County, Rio Arriba and San Juan Counties. Averaged about 5 per 25 sweeps in San Juan County and 8 per 25 sweeps in Rio Arriba County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Nymphs generally light in panhandle and north central during May. Heavy, exceeding 100 per square yard, in Texline area, Dallam County; heaviest in northwest section of County, with nymphs 400-1,000 per 100 sweeps in hatching beds. Various species of nymphs, as high as 60 per 100 sweeps, in remainder of Dallam and Sherman Counties. Overwintering adults more numerous than in previous years. Nymphs ranged 5-35 per 100 sweeps in Hartley, Oldham and Hansford Counties. Light in Lubbock County, up to 20 per square yard. Nymphs numerous infence rows and pastures in Gonzales County, central area; some damage to corn and other crops noted. (PPC, So. Reg., May Rpt.). NEBRASKA -— Melanoplus bivittatus and M. differentialis, approximately 8 per square yard, in Boyd and Knox County alfalfa. Elsewhere in northeastern and northern areas, populations ranged 2-6 per square yard in croplands. (Bergman) . SOUTH DAKOTA - Grasshoppers well distributed on forage and cereal crops throughout southeast one-fourth of State. Populations ranged 3-75 per 10 sweeps, with higher counts on noncultivated land. (Walstrom, Hintz). Nymphal counts in Moreau River area, Ziebach and Dewey Counties, ranged 5-10 per square yard at almost all loca- tions; counts 12-15 per square yard in few spots. In all range areas checked, nymphs mostly first and second instar, with some third instar and fourth instar noted. In central part of State, area north of Pierre (Hughes County) which had a serious infestation in 1961, marginal counts along some fields averaged 30 grasshoppers per square yard, with field counts in some soil bank land 15 per square yard. Development first, second and third instars. (Burge). NORTH DAKOTA - Grasshoppers beginning to build up in numbers; roadside treatments in some western areas may be recommended. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). Nymphal surveys conducted over most of State during week. Numbers in north central counties ranged 25-150 per square yard in isolated, heavily infested areas, and 1-25 per square yard in other areas. Average in latter 5 per square yard in field margins. Development ranged from first to fourth instar in heavier infested areas. Species involved in all areas - 682 - were Melanoplus bivittatus, M. sanguinipes, Camnula pellucida and Ageneotettix deorum. (Schenck, Larsen). In Golden Valley and Billings Counties, average infestation on rangeland 15 per square yard. Approximately 80 percent in first instar. Dominant species A. deorum and M. sanguinipes. Small scattered areas with up to 35 per square yard found. Most "hoppers" in these areas in third instar, but second and fourth instars were numerous, (Wilson). Rangeland in west central McKenzie County had 12-15 "hoppers" per square yard. First to fifth instars found; average development third instar. Dominant species M. sanguinipes and A. deorum. In southeast McKenzie County, first to fifth instars 4-5 per square yard. In addition, 20-30 Camnula pellucida (third instar) present in isolated parts of this area, A. deorum, M. sanguinipes and C. pellucida dominant species in northeast McKenzie County; 8-10 per square yard,with development from first through fifth instar (average second instar). (Brandvik). In Wells County, nymphs 2-6 per square yard and, in Kidder County, counts 65 per square yard in one field. Development first and second instars. Species appeared to be M. bivittatus. Counts made in alfalfa. (Dogger). Area in Sargent County had 30-40"hoppers" per square yard. Development ranged from first through fourth instar. Dominant species M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus. Counts made in and/or near alfalfa and wheat. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA —- Small numbers, 3-5 per square yard, of newly hatched grasshopper nymphs in west central and northwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Melanoplus femurrubrum nymphs quite noticeable in second-growth alfalfa; counts in several fields in southeast averaged 2 first instars per sweep in center of field and 10 per sweep along margins. Highest counts 30 per yard in Dane County and 45 per yard in Richland County. Nymphs largely in first instar, but few second instars appeared. M. sanguinipes nymphs maturing in Sauk and Richland Counties, but still in third and fourth instars in an area of Green County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Ranged 1-15 (averaged 4) per square yard in fence rows and edges of soybean fields in western area; development first to rarely third instar. Recent rains killed many “hoppers."' (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). MISSOURI - Counts of Melanoplus spp. ranged 0-15 per square yard in pastures in southwest. Moderate numbers of adult M. bivittatus observed in wastelands in isolated spots in south central and southwest areas; counts 5-30 per square yard. M. differen- tialis continues to hatch in areas throughout State. Recent rains reduced threat of damage to cultivated crops in southwest. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). INDIANA - Moderate to heavy, localized infestations of grasshopper nymphs in areas of Marshall County, north central area. Counts ranged 6-25 per square yard along fence rows and field margins. (Matthew). MARYLAND - Small nymphs of Melanoplus sp. causing conspicuous foliage injury to second=-growth clover near Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MORMON CRICKETS - UTAH —- Twenty-one thousand acres baited by aircraft in Dry Mesa, Maverick Point, Deer Flats and Horsehead Point (southeast of Monticello in San Juan County). Control practically 100 percent effective. (Knowlton). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Local, heavy infestations appearing on grain sorghum in Milam County; 65-70 percent of heads infested, with 1-2 larvae per head. (Henserling). OKLAHOMA — Medium to heavy, up to 40 per 10 sweeps, in some alfalfa fields in Choctaw County, southeast area. Heavy on corn in same area, with large numbers of eggs on some plants indicating an even heavier population. One per plant on grain sorghum in Pushmataha County area and none found on alfalfa or grain sorghum in central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Larvae 1-4 per ear on sweet corn in Riley County, northeast area; much heavier than at same time in 1961. All stages, ranging from eggs to sixth instar, present. Almost 100 percent of ears infested. (Burkhardt). FLORIDA — Light on corn at Branford, Suwannee County, on Jume 12. (Adkins). DELAWARE - Light in early corn in southern Kent County; feeding confined to tassels. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Light whorl infestations appearing in field corn in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Larvae found in tassels of sweet corn at Wawarsing on June 14 and at Hurley June 15, both in Ulster County; counts approximately 1 per 500 tassels. Larvae in fourth stage by June 18. Expected to become a problem in late July on sweet corn in Hudson Valley, and to be worse than usual in August. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). = 683) = ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) —- NEW YORK - First found June 9 in Suffolk County; one 170-acre ryefield infested and number of scattered, moderate, smaller infestations observed in grains. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 18). VIRGINIA - Localized outbreak noted on Eastern Shore about May 15; damage very heavy in some sections, with corn and rye being hurt most. (Hofmaster). WISCONSIN - Few larvae found in early planted oat fields and few wheat fields in southern part of State. Larvae ranged first to third instar. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Approximately 3 larvae per 10 sweeps in Boyd and Knox County wheat and 1 per 10 sweeps in Sherman County wheat. (Bergman). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Damaging young corn in Monroe County. (Lemons). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - IOWA - In western area, 30-40 inch corn in Missouri River bottoms had 10-50 (average 25) fresh egg masses per 100 plants. No leaf feeding observed. At Ankeny, emergence 100 percent by June 15 and 32 egg masses per 100 plants noted; 4 egg masses hatched. In early fields, 32-50 percent of plants showed leaf feeding in whorls. Apparently week of June 18-23 will be critical period in southern two-thirds of State. Treatments recommended when 75 percent of plants show leaf feeding. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). KANSAS - Situation in northeast as follows: Wabaunsee County - up to 50 percent infestation in few fields, with some midrib damage continuing and many borers already in stalks; few larvae advanced to fifth instar. Brown County - 28-60 percent infestation in few early fields; otherwise, extremely low or absent; midseason to late fields had no infestation. (Burkhardt). SOUTH DAKOTA - Pupa- tion complete in southeastern and central areas; very little emergence of moths noted, (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation reached 50 percent level in Richland County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA — Pupation 95 percent in west central district; some moths noted in light traps. Corn still being planted in some areas, especially in northwest. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -— Egg masses common in more advanced field corn in southern part of State. Some leaf feeding evident. Eggs found in Trempealeau County on June 14 and small larva found on oats near Arlington on June 20. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Moths continue to deposit eggs in north central and northern areas. Occasional very advanced field warrants treatment. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Whorl infestations ranged 4-36 percent in corn fields from Fulton County, north central area, through Tippecanoe County and on to Lawrence County, south central area. Larvae still working the whorl and some found entering stalks. (Matthew). VIRGINIA —- Larvae infested about 5 percent of wheat in a field, locally, in Westmoreland County,and caused considerable damage to 16—acre wheatfield in Caroline County. (Tarpley, Amos, Ptucha, Eagar, Jume 6). DELAWARE - Larvae in early field and sweet corn ranged from second stage to full grown in most areas of State, with some fields in Kent and Sussex Counties 100 percent infested and with 2-10 larvae per infested plant. Most field corn younger and with light infestations (4-12 percent). (Burbutis). MARYLAND —- Larval infestations in early planted sweet and field corn ranged from 3 to over 50 percent in Caroline and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Tassel damage to sweet corn very much in evidence where treatments were late. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., Jume 19). NEW YORK - Larvae, mostly first and second stages, in whorls and florets of the tassel in sweet corn in Hudson Valley during period June 11-15; boring by third instars into tassel stem just beginning. Damage still being found in various fields in Suffolk County. Egg mass found in Broome County. (N. Y. Wkly.. Rpt., June 18). RHODE ISLAND - Ovipo- sition underway in Kingston area, Washington County. Light to June 22; only one egg mass found in 30-minute search of sweet corn 10-12 inches high. (Mathewson). MASSACHUSETTS - Egg laying continues; corn 10-12 inches needs protection. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). VERMONT - Treatment of sweet corn recommended. (MacCollom). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSOURI - Feeding in marginal rows of corn in northeast; light and common in weeds around fields and gardens throughout south- west. Very few observed in marginal rows of corn and in gardens in latter area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). RHODE ISLAND - Damaging sweet corn in North Kingstown and South Kingstown, Washington County. (Mathewson). - 684 - LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Continues to damage young corn and southern peas in Monroe County. This pest has been extremely heavy this year. (Lemons, Buttram). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - MARYLAND - Light whorl infes- tations appearing in borders of corn fields in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Early to late stage larvae, mostly fourth to sixth instar, and some pupae found in 3 fields checked in Payne County, north central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Widespread, light, medium to heavy infestations reported on grain sorghum in Live Oak County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Light, local infestation, approximately 1 larva per 2 heads, appearing on grain sorghum in Brazos River bottom in Burleson County. First generation began to pupate on June 18-19. (Randolph). A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus mutabilis) - IDAHO -— Late instars common and causing considerable damage to few lawns in eastern part of Moscow. Populations and damage of a magnitude requiring treatment. This is first known report of considerable damage caused by this insect at Moscow. (Gittins). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Infestations in central area apparently heaviest since 1945. Samples of susceptible varieties showed up to 100 percent of plants infested, with an average of more than 16 "flax seeds" per plant. Resistant varieties have shown satisfactory resistance. (Painter). NEBRASKA - Less than 1 percent of stems infested with "flax-seed" stage in Howard and Sherman Counties. (Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA - Reported from Faulk County on wheat; caused an estimated 20 percent damage over several thousand acre area. (E. Sanderson). NORTH DAKOTA - Slight damage to spring wheat observed in Enderline area, Ransom County; development "flax-seed" stage. (Schulz). CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) - DELAWARE - First larvae of season present in corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MASSACHUSETTS - Activity reported in some fields. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). A BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Becoming active; 5 per stem of grain on barley in boot stage. Activity noticeable in Cass, Traill and Grand Forks Counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Present in central area on small grains; counts 1-10 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). Most noticeable species of grain aphid in northeastern section. (Orlob). NORTH DAKOTA - One per sweep in Stutsman County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Increased from 30 to 84 per 100 sweeps in southeast. Trace numbers in west central and northwest districts and 5 per 100 sweeps in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on oats in Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Continues medium to heavy in southeast area corn and sorghum, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on sorghum in Choctaw County and light, up to 150 per plant, on most sorghum in Caddo-Grady County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Present throughout southeast one-fourth of State on small grains; counts averaged about 20-25 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). MINNESOTA - Highest counts in southeast, 30 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - MISSOURI -— Moderate to heavy populations damaging small grain sorghum in few isolated fields in southwest. Migration from small grains to cultivated crops over in this area. Mostly adults present. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). - 685 = A LYGAEID (Crophius bohemani) - CALIFORNIA - Causing severe damage to barley in Tulelake area, Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A CICADA (Okanagana luteobasilis) - WYOMING - Found on rangeland near Bairoil, Carbon County, and in Wind River Canyon, Hot Springs County. (Fullerton). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga anxia) - NEBRASKA - Grubs ranged 2-12 and averaged 8 per square foot in wet meadow soil in Cherry County; population included larvae, pupae and adults. (Bergman). SAND WIREWORM (Horistonotus uhlerii) - ALABAMA - Completely destroyed approxi- mately 60 acres of corn in Monroe County. (Lemons). A CHRYSOMELID (Maecolaspis sp.) - INDIANA - Heavy populations on first-year corn in Boone County. (Russell). DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - First adults of season fairly common in European corn borer-infested corn tassels in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - High populations in Hunter Mesa area. (Bulla). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in alfalfa in Hat Creek area, Shasta County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Larvae light in Ontario area alfalfa; counts not above 2 per sweep. (Capizzi). IDAHO - Larvae ranged 20-40 per sweep in some untreated alfalfa im southwest. (Waters). Two Conser- vation Reserve alfalfa fields on McCormic Ridge in Nez Perce County had heavy damage; larvae averaged 50 per sweep. Larvae also caused considerable damage to alfalfa in a field near Lapwai; averaged 25 per sweep. (Evans, Kambitsch). WYOMING - Larvae heavy in untreated alfalfa in Park, Big Horn, Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. Averaged 34 per 100 sweeps in fields previously treated for adults and 200-300 in fields not treated. (Fullerton). UTAH - Injury con- tinues to increase in untreated alfalfa. First crop largely harvested, but some second-growth alfalfa retarded due to high larval infestations. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - A weevil, probably this species, causing considerable damage to alfalfa in San Juan County; averaged about 2 adults and 50 plus larvae per 25 sweeps. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Continues damaging to alfalfa and ladino clover in parts of State. (Tarpley et al.). PENNSYLVANIA - Untreated alfalfa fields in Juniata County, cut 3-4 weeks ago at time larvae were pupating, show no growth as of Jume 20 due to adults feeding on buds. Adults about 8 per square foot in one field and slightly less in others. Other fields cut earlier, now with 8 inches of second growth, show severe feeding by larvae (one-half to three-fourths grown) and adults. Eggs found in second-growth alfalfa stems; many punctures with no eggs. (Udine). RHODE ISLAND - All stages, including first pupae, present in field at Kingston, Washington County; larval counts up to 1,936 per 100 sweeps. (Kerr). NEW YORK — Feeding continues very severe in some fields of alfalfa in Ulster County. Those fields remaining uncut, in most cases, will make very poor quality hay. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Populations below average for time of year in alfalfa sampled in Canyon County; alfalfa approximately 10 inches high. (Portman). KANSAS - Adults 2-7 per alfalfa plant in Pottawatomie County, northeast area. Heavy root injury caused by larvae earlier in year, followed by a dry spring, caused a 22-year-old stand to die in many small patches in one field in Pottawatomie County. (Burkhardt). MARYLAND - Larvae scarring roots of alfalfa heavily in 12-acre field at Burkittsville, Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA — Populations reduced in alfalfa; counts 1-10 per 10 sweeps in southeastern and central regions of State. (Hintz). MINNESOTA — Counts ranged 10-60 per 100 sweeps in all areas observed. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). = 686 — SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Foliage damage common in Uintah Basin, Uintah and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - WASHINGTON - First adults of season collected on white clover at Pullman on June 15 and at Anatone on June 18; 0-7 per 10 sweeps; 3 weeks later than in 1961. Number of white blooms per square yard 0.4, 2, 10, 70 and 125 on June 1, 8, 13, 18 and 20, respectively, at Anatone, Asotin County. (Johansen) . JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA — Causing light to moderate damage to soybeans in Johnston, Wayne and Sampson Counties. (Mount). VIRGINIA - Locally medium adult infestation on corn in Prince Edward County. (Peery). Heavy on soybeans in New Kent County field on June 12. (Settle). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing light damage to one field of soybeans each in Duplin and Johnston Counties; adults in Duplin County and primarily larvae in Johnston County. (Mount). VIRGINIA - Defoliating soybeans 3 inches high in large areas of fields in James City County on June 4, and some feeding noted on young soybeans in New Kent County on June 12. (Bryant, Settle). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - IOWA - Remains active in soybeans along Missouri River; lower leaves damaged, but of questionable importance, since crop looks good. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). VIRGINIA - Adults numerous locally on alfalfa, soybeans and weeds in Hanover County on June 5 and badly damaging emerging peanut and soybean plants locally in King and Queen County on June 8. (Sanders, Amos, Allen). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA —- Counts 10-20 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Choctaw County, southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults 1 per 10 sweeps in Beadle and Lake Counties on small grains. (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA -— Trace numbers on alfalfa in La Moure County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA - Very heavy populations observed in south- eastern area; many peanut farmers quite concerned. (Buttram). BLISTER BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Damaging soybeans in Washington County, northeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Small numbers in west central and north- west districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Epicauta fabricii 1-4 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in southeastern and central areas, (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA - E. fabricii appeared on alfalfa in southeastern area. @: Dei lns Suns) FLEA BEETLES - NEW MEXICO — Abundant in Rio Arriba County alfalfa; averaged 15 per 25 sweeps. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA — Epitrix cucumeris active on soybeans in Cass County; 1-2 per plant. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Adults of Systena blanda appearing in southern area second-growth alfalfa; populations very low. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Adults of S. blanda averaged 3 per sweep on second=growth red clover near Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEVADA - Averaged 100-200 per sweep in treated and untreated alfalfa seed fields in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Lauderdale). IDAHO - Generally below expected levels on alfalfa in southwestern area. (Portman). UTAH - Populations became high in number of alfalfa fields in Cache County before first crop harvested. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Average per 100 sweeps in alfalfa 53 in Park and Big Horn Counties and 67 in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. (Fullerton). COLORADO - Reached such high levels that controls are needed on new second=growth alfalfa in Mesa County; counts 500-800 per sweep. Light to moderate, 200-500 per 100 sweeps, on alfalfa in Delta County. (Bulla). NEW MEXICO -— Becoming much lighter in alfalfa in southern counties. Continues a minor problem in most northern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA -— Light on alfalfa in Choctaw and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA — Light in southern, northeastern and northern areas. (Calkins, Bergman) . = 687%, = SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 30-400 per 10 sweeps in northeast and central areas on alfalfa. (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 100 per sweep on alfalfa in Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Counts per 100 sweeps on alfalfa 360 in south central and southeast, 1,000 in west central and 700 in northwest. Counts down somewhat in south central and southeast, but increased in west central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN — Continues to increase in second—growth alfalfa; averaged 23.4 per sweep in southern and southeastern areas. Averaged 17 per sweep in first-growth alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Populations below 25 per sweep on alfalfa in Queen Annes, Talbot and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent Dept.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) -— OREGON - Not appeared in Ontario area this season as of June 21. (Capizzi). NEW MEXICO - Building up in many fields in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. Heavy in Eddy County; adequate controls difficult. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- Light in southeast and southwest; only occasionally found in Logan and Grady Counties, central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Few taken in alfalfa in southwest; first of season. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). NEBRASKA - Counts 1 per 10 sweeps in Franklin, Harlan and Webster Counties (Calkins) and in Boyd and Knox Counties (Bergman). NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers on alfalfa in La Moure County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). SWEETCLOVER APHID (Therioaphis riehmi) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Present on sweetclover in Minnehaha County. (Hintz). CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - UTAH -— Common in red clover in Salt Lake and Duchesne Counties. teaSeItony TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Generally light in fields checked in central area; medium to heavy, 50-250 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Counts in alfalfa and clover in southwest ranged 3-8 per sweep. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). MARYLAND - Adults continue very abundant in alfalfa and clover in bloom in most sections. (U. Md., Ente Depiti,)). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in Dona Ana County seed alfalfa; growers treating. Counts averaged 15-25 per 25 sweeps in Eddy County, 5-10 in Rio Arriba County and 25-30 in Virden Valley, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Averaged 1-2 adults per sweep in most treated alfalfa fields and 14-26 nymphs and adults in untreated fields in Orovada area, Humboldt County. (Lauderdale). OREGON - Counts 5-10 per 10 sweeps in Malheur County alfalfa. (Capizzi). WYOMING - Adults averaged 21 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Big Horn Basin. Nymphs per 100 sweeps averaged 81 in Park and Big Horn Counties and 66 in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. (Fullerton). UTAH - Populations developed faster than normal this spring due to abundance of mustards in alfalfa fields on which large numbers matured. Large percentage of L. elisus, L. hesperus and Lygus spp. maturing as adults for at least 3 weeks in northern and central areas, Controls delayed by storms in first-crop alfalfa seed fields in Duchesne and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton, June 19). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA — Increasing on alfalfa statewide, especially in Southeast. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PLANT BUGS —- SOUTH DAKOTA — Generally high on forages in southeast one-fourth of State; counts ranged 3-35 and averaged about 8-10 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). MINNESOTA - Lygus lineolaris nymphs reported from south central, southeast, west central and northwest districts. Counts of Adelphocoris rapidus and A. lineolatus considerably lower than previous week. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts 3-15 per 10 sweeps in southeastern area on alfalfa. (Hintz). - 688 - POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA — Counts 1 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in southern area. (Calkins). SOUTH DAKOTA — Present on forage crops in east central and southeastern areas; counts 1-3 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). MINNESOTA - Counts averaged 3 per 100 sweeps; highest 20 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults and nymphs becoming more noticeable in alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND — Adults ranged 2=20 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Queen Annes, Howard and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VERMONT — Exceptionally high on alfalfa statewide. (MacCollom) . SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA — Adults and nymphs, per 10 sweeps, 2-5 on alfalfa in Aurora County and as high as 30 on oats in Sanborn and Miner Counties. (Hintz). NORTH DAKOTA - Observed on alfalfa in Stutsman and Cass Counties. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Mostly adults in southern part of State. Populations fluctuate; ranged 1-2 to 20 per sweep. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA —- Adults emerging in legume fields in south central and central areas. (Pepper, June 13). MARYLAND - Adults averaged 3 per sweep on second=growth alfalfa near Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) ~ OKLAHOMA — Counts 3=6 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS —- Appearing in soybeans; heaviest count 15-20 larvae per 3 feet of row in Phillips County field. Larvae 10 percent parasitized, 5 percent diseased. Loss of foliage to soybeans about 5 percent. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Larvae averaged 2 per sweep on second-growth alfalfa at Centreville, Queen Annes County, and beginning to infest soybeans in Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - WASHINGTON - Very heavy population heavily damaged alfalfafield near Vancouver. (Shanks). UTAH - Moderately numerous in some alfalfa in northeast. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Larvae averaged 1 per stem in 2 Conservation Reserve alfalfa fields west of Fairfield, Camas County. (Evans). WYOMING - Larvae averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Big Horn Basin. (Fullerton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present in alfalfa in southeastern area; populations 1-2 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). OKLAHOMA - Light, 1-2 per 10 sweeps, on alfalfa in Grady County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - IDAHO - While degree and distributional limits not yet determined, it appears likely that southern part of State is experiencing an outbreak of this insect. Reports indicate larvae abundant in alfalfa hay fields and in soil bank land. Larvae migrating from field to field in soil bank lands in Camas County. Outbreaks confirmed in areas of south central and southeastern parts of State. (Gooch, Paulsen, Gittins). WYOMING - Numerous in some alfalfa in Park, Big Horn and Washakie Counties; counts 29 per 100 sweeps. (Fullerton). UTAH - Moderately numerous in some alfalfa in north- east. (Knowlton). THRIPS — ALABAMA — Causing extensive damage to peanuts in Crenshaw County. (Buttram). VIRGINIA - Severe damage to soybeans noted locally in Northumberland County on June 12; some plants completely defoliated. (Amos, Coggsdale). DELAWARE —- Continue to build up on soybeans and beans, with feeding injury in some areas rather heavy. (Bray, Connell). MARYLAND — Heavy numbers continue to infest young corn, soybeans, oats and wheat in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA —- Light on alfalfa in Tillman County, southwest area, and heavier populations noted in Choctaw County, southeast area. Frankliniella sp. ene some damage to peanuts in Bryan County, south central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA — Medium on alfalfa statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH — Becoming conspicuous in blossoming alfalfa in Uintah Basin, northeastern area. (Knowlton). - 689 - STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) - MARYLAND - All stages causing noticeable injury to several red clover fields in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Hite) epitie ir. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IOWA - Clover in lawns in central area yellowed by this species. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). A LACE BUG - ARIZONA - Undetermined species heavy and damaging young sunflower grown for seed in Cochise and Greenlee Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT INSECTS APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - NEW JERSEY - Increase continues in many orchards. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 19). MISSOURI —- Populations reduced during week; only small, scattered colonies present in most orchards. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). MARYLAND —- Building up on apple in Hancock area, Washington County; several orchards may need treatment. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MASSACHUSETTS - Remains a potentially serious pest of apple. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - NEW YORK - Heavier than normal in Orleans County. Most severe year noted in Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). IDAHO —- Common to abundant and causing considerable curling of leaves on back- yard apple trees at Moscow, Latah County. (Gittins). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Spotty infestations continue in peach orchards in northern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in apple orchards in Bernalillo, Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. pity APHIDS — NEW MEXICO - Caused light to severe damage on apple tree foliage near La Mesilla, Rio Arriba County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla ricola) - CALIFORNIA - Reported for first time in Alpine Counity,0 (Cally, (Coop). (Rpt ir PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NEW YORK — Continues in high numbers; large number collected at Germantown, Columbia County, infected by fungus disease. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). ORCHARD MITES - VERMONT — Bronzing by Panonychus ulmi evident in many orchards. (MacCollom). NEW YORK - Unspecified species increasing in Wayne County; eggs and nymphs moderate in several orchards. Tetranychus telarius increasing under certain controls in Ulster County. P. ulmi hatching in Orleans County; controls good. P. ulmi increased rapidly in Monroe County and becoming troublesome locally in Ulster County. Eriophyes pyri caused moderate blistering in 2 orchards in Wayne County on June 15, and Epitrimerus pyri heavy in areas of Niagara, Orleans and Wayne Counties. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). MASSACHUSETTS - Various species potentially serious on apple; frequent checking urged. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). PENNSYLVANIA - E. pyri present in home orchard in Wyoming County on pear. (Pepper, June 14). MARYLAND - P. ulmi heavy in orchard near Smithburg, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO — P. ulmi much heavier than in 1961, but development somewhat slower than expected. (Cutright). . INDIANA - Control of mites expected to be difficult this season. (Hamilton, June 19). Peak population pressure of mites occurring in south central counties; much bronzing by Tetranychus spp. and P. ulmi. (Marshall, June 19). MISSOURI - Weather extremely favorable for spider mite development; however, only few, isolated mites reported from most parts of State, those being mainly P. ulmi and T. telarius. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.) - 690 - CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - VERMONT - Emergence not at peak; over 60 percent to emerge as of June 20. (MacCollom). MARYLAND - Emergence continues at Hancock, Washington County; fruit injury moderate. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MASSACHUSETTS - Egg laying by first brood expected to end by June 30. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). OHIO — First larvae leaving apples June 18; generally light to date. (Cutright). INDIANA — Emergence of overwintered larvae under trunk bands completed in Vincennes area, Knox County; first-brood larvae still leaving apples to pupate. Late first-—brood and early second-brood activity will loverlap; continued protection needed. (Hamilton, June 19). Entries of first brood dwindling rapidly in south central counties except where packing= houses and roadside stands contribute to late emergence. Greatest numbers of second brood expected July 9-13, with hatch to begin about July 2. (Marshall, June 19). MISSOURI - Adults flying in southeastern area; some entries noted June 19 on untreated apples in Crawford County. New entries expected in all parts of State by June 30. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). CALIFORNIA - Medium on apples in West Sacramento, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW YORK - Terminal injury abundant in Niagara County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). OHIO - Second=brood larvae nearly full grown at Wooster, Wayne County. (Rings). INDIANA - Adults active in Vincennes area, Knox County, through June 13; none captured in bait traps since that date. Second—brood larvae expected week of June 13. (Hamilton). MISSOURI - Both old and new larvae present in terminals in southeastern area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - WISCONSIN - Second-brood moths flying in Gays Mills, Crawford County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IDAHO - Late instars common on backyard apples, pears and plums at Moscow, Latah County. (Gittins). NEW MEXICO - Light to severe damage, probably caused by this species, noted on apple foliage near La Mesilla, Rio Arriba County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) — NEW YORK — First brood pupated in Monroe County. First pupal cases noted Jume 13 in Clyde area, Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). MARYLAND - Populations below normal in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Light to date on fruit. (Cutright). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - NEW YORK - Emerged in Geneva area, Ontario County, June 17; 2 weeks earlier than usual. First hatch expected by June 27. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA — Pupal cases noted in soil at bases of peach trees in Franklin County. (Pepper, June 13). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - COLORADO - Adults appearing in traps in Mesa County; controls recommended on apricots and early peaches June 20-25. (Bulla). RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on cherry trees in Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County; very light on walnut and deciduous fruit trees in several areas in Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Nearly full-grown larvae quite heavy on apple and other foliage at Winfield, Union County, June 15. (Skillington). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA -— Larvae light on peach foliage in Yuba City, Sutter County, and light on orange leaves in Redlands, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CURCULIONIDS - NEW YORK — Caused heavier than normal scarring of apples this year in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). - 691 - PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Grubs ready to leave fruit on untreated trees; heavy in home orchard in Centre County, June 20. (Pepper). OHIO - Larval exits from fruit nearly completed at Wooster, Wayne County; first-brood adults not yet emerged. (Rings). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEW YORK - Injury more severe than usual in Wayne County; number of orchards particularly hard hit. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) -— MASSACHUSETTS - Adults noted. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - First adults of season at Storrs, Tolland County, June 20; controls recommended. (Savos). NEW YORK — First emergence in cages at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, June 16. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Becoming active in untreated orchards in Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 19). CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Maggots abundant in cherries in Centre County; many nearly full grown on June 20. (Pepper). A CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - WASHINGTON - First adult trapped June 13 at Vancouver, Clark County. (Shanks). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Relatively light and pupating in north central area; defoliated number of cherry trees in Lackawanna County. (Schroeder, June 11). SHOT=HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on cherry trees in Alpine, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - Light but general on cherries in north central area; first crawlers June 18, compared with June 7, 1961. (Anthon). FLORIDA - Severe on pear at Lakeland, Polk County. (Tyner, June 7). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light and seemingly fewer than in 1961 on pecans in Columbus County. (Read). ALABAMA - First report of defoliation of pecans in Mobile County. (Seibels). ARKANSAS - Appeared on pecan in some areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Adults appearing in black- sey traps at Madison; larvae expected in walnut trees in 2 weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Widespread, light infestations occurred on pecans in Caldwell, Comal, Hays, Gonzales and De Witt Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). OKLAHOMA - Activity starting in pecan trees in eastern part of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Noted as far north as Tuscaloosa County; more intensified further south. (Buttram). PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) -— ALABAMA — Little to moderate damage to pecan foliage and nuts in Geneva County. (Buttram). GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported heavy in vineyard near Columbia. (Nettles et al., June 20). MISSOURI - Injury very evident in untreated and poorly treated vineyards. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on grape- vine in Kerman, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults evident in Kingston area, Washington County. (Mathewson). - 692 - GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - MISSOURI - Most growers have good control; few noted on shoots. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). GRAPE CANE GALL MAKER (Ampeloglypter sesostris) - INDIANA - Severely attacked new shoots of grape in south central counties during 1960 and 1961, but failed to appear this season. (Marshall, June 12). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Adults light on grape at Elsom, King and Queen County, June 18. (Sedivy). Light, spotty, countywide infestations on grapes and fruit trees in Fulvanna County. (Watts, June 18). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - NEW YORK - Noted on grapes in Niagara County June 4, and in young apple orchards in Clinton County June 12. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). A SPHECID WASP (Ectemnius spiniferus) - CALIFORNIA - Caused rather serious damage to new grape grafts in Exeter area, Tulare County. Wasp burrows down from cut end of graft and kills bud; some burrows 4 inches long. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Citrus Insect Situation in Florida — Mid-June — CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 30 percent of groves (norm 51 percent); 5 percent economic (orm 30 percent). Population dropped to lowest level in 11 years; low in all districts. Increasing trend started but only scattered groves expected to have heavy infestations before July. Highest district Bartow. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 56 percent of groves (norm 76 percent); 37 percent economic (norm 52 percent). Additional increase will occur until summer peak about July 1. Population will be below average summer level. Highest districts Brooksville, Orlando, upper east coast and west coast, all with threatening: conditions. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 67 percent of groves (norm 45 percent); 48 percent economic (norm 26 percent). Population near summer peak and higher than in any prior year. Decrease expected after July 1. Highest districts upper east coast, Bartow, ridge and Brooksville, all with threatening conditions. ‘PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 77 percent of groves (norm 78 percent); 20 percent economic (norm 16 percent). Parasite activity expected to hold population near current average level. Highest in ridge and upper east coast. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chr ysomphalus aonidum) infested 40 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 5 percent economic (norm 14 percent). Population below average and little change expected. Over 80 percent of scales now in young stages. Highest district ridge. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 61 percent of groves (norm 38 percent); 37 percent economic (norm 23 percent). Infestations on twigs will continue to increase and will become more evident as scales approach adult stage. Population will remain above average through July. Highest districts Indian River, ridge and Bartow. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) continues above normal abundance and is present, light to moderate, in 71 percent of groves. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred)). A PHYCITID MOTH (Ephestiodes gilvescentella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaged grape- fruit in El Toro, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Inspections in Brooks, Cameron, Jim Hogg, Hidalgo, Starr and Zapata Counties negative during May. (PPC, So. Reg.). MEXICO —- Biological Control Zone — Survey of 81,817 citrus trees on 282 proper- ties in State of Tamaulipas,north of Tropic of Cancer, showed 1,033 trees on 138 properties lightly infested. Chemical Control Zone -— Inspection of 181,144 citrus trees on 1,981 properties in States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora and Baja California negative. First spray applications to 41,367 citrus trees on 311 properties and second application to 24,048 trees on 115 properties made in Allende-Montemorelos, Nuevo Leon, eradication area. Program expected to be accelerated during early June. (PPC, Mex. Reg., May Rpt.). = 693 - BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - FLORIDA ~— Severe on Citrus paradisi at Largo, Pinellas County. (Whitton, June 7). FRUIT FLIES — FLORIDA - Anastrepha interrupta collected in McPhail trap in grapefruit tree at Miami Beach, Dade County, May 24. (Brewton). A. nombinprae- optans lightly infested mango at Miami, Dade County, June 11. (Spencer). Toxotrypana curvicauda collected in McPhail trap in grapefruit tree at Miami May 24. ( Brewton). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratatis capitata) - FLORIDA - Continuing, intensified surveys have not revealed any flies in commercial fruit-growing areas or increase in the extent or density of the infestation in Miami in Dade County although one adult was trapped across the line at Hallandale in Broward County. State-Federal eradication efforts are underway with the application of insectcidal bait by air, and granular soil insecticide in eight areas. More than 50,000 acres have been treated since June 17. (PPC). TRUCK CROP INSECTS ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Damaged peas for proces- sing; infestation general in southeastern part of State. (Cook, June 15). OREGON - Controls continue in northern third of Umatilla County; adults and larvae present in pea fields June 19. (Hanna). UTAH - Spotty on sugar beets, few on tomatoes in Weber and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - IDAHO - Counts range up to 4 larvae per lettuce plant in 5 lettuce seed fields sampled in Canyon County; instars range first through fifth, mainly third. All fields require treatment. (Portman). MARYLAND - Larvae heavy on cabbage at Mitchellville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Caused extensive damage to cabbage in Pasquotank County; averaged 4 larvae per plant in one abandoned field. Late instars and pupae present. (Mount). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - FLORIDA - Attacked volunteer sweetpotato roots in cornfield at Bradford, Suwannee County. (Adkins, June 12). ALABAMA - Damaged southern peas in Mobile County; extremely heavy this year. (Buttram). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NEW JERSEY - Expected to become more of a problem on cole crops. (Ins.-Dis.—-Weed Newsltr., Jume 19). KANSAS - Severely defoliated lettuce in garden in Riley County. (Peters). MARYLAND —- Larvae general on cabbage in southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - WYOMING - Damage light on sugar beets and beans in Park County; counts averaged 2 per 100 sweeps. (Fullerton). POTATO FLEA BETTLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - IOWA - Attacked potatoes and tomatoes; protection recommended, Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1 per sweep on potatoes in Codington County. (Orlob). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1-2 per plant on sugar beets in Cass County; same counts on potatoes in Traill County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - RHODE ISLAND - Common statewide, especially heavy on broccoli flowers in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson, Cartier). NEW YORK — Severe injury to several strawberry plantings in Niagara County; injury common to strawberries noted in Broome County. Injury to lettuce noticeable in Orange County June 12. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). DELAWARE - Adults common on peppers in Sussex and western Kent Counties; feeding on bud and young pod stems. (Burbutis). IOWA - Attacked strawberries and caused deformed fruit in Bremer County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). - 694 - A MUSCID (Hylemya sp.) - WYOMING - Maggots damaged radishes and onions in Park and Fremont Counties; averaged 4 per square foot. (Fullerton). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Infestations most severe observed in 40 years in Weber and Box Elder Counties on tomatoes; ranged from few to several thousand nymphs per tomato plant. Many adults now emerging in substan- tial numbers on tomatoes. (Knowlton, June 20). Adults as numerous as nymphs on matrimonyvine locally in Box Elder County; nymphs more numerous on tomato than on volunteer potato foliage in Weber and Box Elder Counties. (Dorst, Knowlton, June 21). By June 22, 5-20 percent of nymphs became adults in Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Salt Lake and Utah Counties. Severely injured tomatoes yellowed, some dead; typical psyllid yellows now appearing on some early potatoes. (Knowlton, June 23). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Trace numbers in potato fields in Greeley area, Weld County. (Simpson). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW YORK - Ovipositing began by June 12 in tomato field in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Continues active on tomatoes. (Ins.—Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 19). MARYLAND - Larvae moderate on potatoes and tomatoes in Prince Georges and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Extremely numerous in Painter-Nandua area, Accomack County; most growers forced to treat 3 times. Emergence of spring brood near peak; staggering of spring brood to cause definite second-brood damage. (Hofmaster, June 12). NORTH DAKOTA —- Few adults on potatoes in Traill County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). IDAHO - Eggs, larvae and adults in potato fields south of Greenleaf, Canyon County; all other fields apparently free. (Thorton, Portman). OREGON - Adults appearing in small numbers in potato fields in Ontario area, Malheur County, June 20-21. (Capizzi). FLEA BEETLES - NEW YORK - Unspecified species very numerous and active on toma- toes, potatoes and other vine crops in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt,, June 18). MISSOURI - Unspecified species unusually destructive to eggplant this season. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). MARYLAND - Epitrix hirtipennis light to moderate on peppers in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - DELAWARE - Larvae present on peppers in Sussex and western Kent Counties. (Burbutis). VIRGINIA — Larvae noted in several fields in Westmoreland County; began appearing week of June 18. (Ptucha). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - VIRGINIA -— More larvae present in potatoes than any year since 1959 on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster, June 12). MARYLAND - Light to date on commercial potatoes in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA — Light on potatovines in Pasquotank County; late instars and pupae present. (Mount). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA — Larvae medium on pepper plants in Hanford, Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Very numerous on beans in Colleton County. © (Smith). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae very abundant on beans in Johnston County. (Mount). MARYLAND - Heavy numbers on beans in Prince Georges and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults common on beans but not ovipositing in south central area. : (Pepper, June 13). NEW YORK - Oviposition noted on Long Island; adults quite active on beans in Suffolk County. Egg laying expected in other parts of State within 10-14 days. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - WASHINGTON - Recovered in pea fields by sweepings at La Conner, Skagit County; this is a new county record. (Eide). OREGON - Light and scattered in pea fields in higher elevations of Blue Mountain area, Umatilla County; particularly noticeable in fields bordering pine forests. (Hanna). = (69/5) = POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Abundant on beans in sections of Talbot and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Aver- aged 1 per sweep on caragana foliage in western Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Nymphs and adults averaged 1 per plant in field of beans adjacent to recently cut alfalfa; counts in some fields averaged 1 per 3 plants in Kenosha-Racine area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OREGON - Building up in pea-growing areas in northern third of Umatilla County. (Hanna). WISCONSIN - Decreased considerably on late peas; averaged 7.4 per sweep in area of Arlington-Janesville-Delavan. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). THRIPS — SOUTH CAROLINA - Very numerous on beans. (Nettles et al., June 20). DELAWARE - Adult buildup continues on most beans; feeding injury in some areas rather heavy. (Bray, Connell). SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - WYOMING - Averaged less than 1 per square foot in 2 sugar beet fields near Manderson, Big Horn County. (Fullerton). SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - WISCONSIN - Mined about 20 percent of leaves in field of beets in Kenosha County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - NEW YORK — Very active and numerous in both seedbeds and early set fields in Niagara County; caused losses of 10-50 percent of early cabbage in some fields. Late cabbage seedbeds in excellent condition. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). RED TURNIP BEETLE (Entomoscelis americana) - WISCONSIN - Feeding on radishes in Portage County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) -— NEW YORK - Larvae and adults present in early cabbage and other crucifer seedbeds in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). MARYLAND - Heavy on cabbage at Mitchellville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Feeding injury and pupae very common in Kenosha County; adults also observed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OREGON - Adults numerous on native and cultivated crucifers in Ontario-Nyssa area, Malheur County, June 20. (Capizzi). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - WYOMING - Larvae averaged 1 per 100 sweeps in sugar beets in Big Horn, Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. (Fullerton). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - WISCONSIN - Exceptionally high on cabbage plants in Kenosha County; affected about 3 percent of total acreage. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) -— DELAWARE - Adults fairly common on Squash and laying eggs in New Castle County. (Kelsey). WISCONSIN - Adults appearing in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on cantaloup in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SQUASH BEETLE (Epilachna borealis) - NORTH CAROLINA —- Small numbers of adults and eggs on watermelons and cantaloup in Chowan County. (Mount). SQUASH BUGS (Anasa spp.) - DELAWARE - A. tristis and A. armigera present on Squash in New Castle County. (Kelsey). Feeding injury noted in other areas of State. (Bray). UTAH - A. tristis less numerous than normal in Cache County this spring. (Knowlton). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) — UTAH - Damage fairly widespread this spring. (Knowlton, June 18). = 696 -— BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on garlic leaves in Susanville, Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - OREGON - C. duodecimpunctata light in home garden in Corvalis, Benton County; species rare west of Cascade Mountains in State. (Scullen). RHODE ISLAND - C. duodecimpunctata and C. asparagi feeding heavily in plantings in Smithfield, Providence County. (King). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - IDAHO — Counts up to 6 per lettuce plant on edge of seed field; counts drop to 1 per plant 20 feet within field. (Portman). HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - IDAHO - General on hops in hopyards in south- western part of State. (Portman). STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - WASHINGTON - Severely damaged peppermint field at Othello, Adams County; mature larvae, pupae and new adults present. (Landis, June 15). A GALL WASP (Diastrophus fragariae) - INDIANA - Caused concern in Remington area, Jasper County, on strawberries. (Chandler). RASPBERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata) - NEW JERSEY - Caused considerable damage in field raspberries in Hammonton area, Atlantic County. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 19). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy on black- berry in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - First adults noted June 16 but flight not strong. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr.). A SAWFLY (Priophorus morio) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium and damaging black-— berries in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on black- berries in Stillwell area, Adair County; control necessary. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO INSECTS TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco in Mitchell and Colquitt Counties. (Johnson). VIRGINIA - Damage and larvae noticeable on early, transplanted tobacco. Ranged 2-15 larvae per 100 plants; treatment necessary. (Dominick, June 16). NORTH CAROLINA - Eggs very numerous on tobacco seed heads in Columbus County; averaged 8 eggs per plant in one field. (Guthrie). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused considerable concern in Pee Dee area; building up on tobacco. (Nettles et al., June 20). VIRGINIA - Generally light to medium on early, transplanted tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, June 16). MARYLAND - First-—brood larvae common in several tobacco fields in Prince Georges and St. Marys Counties; numbers above normal but controls needed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA — Light to moderate on tobacco in Mitchell and Colquitt Counties. (Johnson). VIRGINIA — Damage light to medium on newly set tobacco in Pittsylvania County; populations not decreased, (Dominick, June 16). MARYLAND — Above normal on tobacco in Prince Georges County. (Ui Md) Ent. Dept!) . OO sen JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) — NORTH CAROLINA —- Seriously damaged several plants in field in Wayne County. (Mount). WIREWORMS - VIRGINIA - Damaged about 40 percent of tobacco plants on farm near Stuart, Patrick County; flea beetles and other pests also contributed to injury. (Reed, June 4). THRIPS — MARYLAND —- Heavy on tobacco in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Populations in many lower Rio Grande Valley fields at serious levels. Some sudden infestations apparently from over- wintered weevils emerging from hibernation, but some fields neglected and suffered heavy damage, Migration to adjacent fields in area noted. Populations generally light in coastal bend, upper coastal, south central, east, central and north central parts of State. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 18). First-generation weevils active in McLennan and Falls Counties; further increases expected in near future. Percent punctured squares averaged 9.2 in early treated fields and 14 in untreated fields. (Cowan, Davis). ARKANSAS - Overwintering weevils continue to emerge; heavier than previous week. Live weevils ranged 0-400 per acre. Fields that need rechecking or treatments remain very low. (Wkly. Cott. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA — Emergence from hibernation in Tallulah area about complete. Percent punctured squares less than 10 percent, except in one field that was 13 percent. Few first-generation weevils present. Some controls begun, (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Activity increased in delta area, especially in untreated cotton. Infestations above 90 percent reported, but general infestation still very low. (Merkl et al.). ALABAMA — Remains rather static over much of State; however, first major emergence of new generation expected within next 10 days in central and southern portions of State. (Buttram). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares ranged 0-27 and averaged 6 in 118 central and southern area fields examined, (Johnson et al.). Weevils 190 per acre in Spalding County; cotton beginning to Square. (Beckham). SOUTH CAROLINA - Increasing in most areas of State. (Cott. Ltr., June 19). Emergence of weevils from hibernation quarters decreased in Florence area although large numbers still in fields. Some small numbers of first-generation weevils emerging, but large numbers not expected until about June 27. (Taft et al.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton in Blythe, Riverside County, and Bard, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Medium infestations continue in some Yuma County cotton and light infestations appearing in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Infestations light to heavy in Cameron and Hidalgo Counties. Generally light in coastal bend, upper coastal, south central, central and north central areas. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 18). ARKANSAS - Egg and larval counts remain low. Egg deposition increased, but not at an alarming rate. Predators continue to keep infestations down. (Wkly. Cott. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Few larvae and eggs present on cotton in Tallulah area. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI —- Egg deposition and larval counts very low on cotton in delta area. (Merkl et al.). ALABAMA — Extremely heavy infestations reported in isolated spots in central and southern areas. Counts generally running a little higher than average for time of year over State. (Buttram). GEORGIA —- Counts made in 118 middle and southern area cotton fields. Eggs ranged 0-21 and averaged 4 per 100 terminals, and larvae ranged 0-20 and averaged 2 per 100 terminals. (Johnson et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported present. (Cott. Ltr., June 19). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - One larva found in cotton bloom in Karnes County, south central area. (Cott. Ins. Sit., Jume 18). ARIZONA - No emergence occurred in Graham County cage tests since Jume 14. Only one moth has been collected in 1962 in light traps located in the eradication area, central part of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 698 - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton in Blythe, Riverside County, and at Bard, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Light infestations in Colquitt County. (Jones). COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - TEXAS - Moderate infestations present in few fields in Wharton and Calhoun Counties. (Cott. Ins. Sit., Jume 18). FLEAHOPPERS —- TEXAS - Infestations becoming economic in areas along Brazos River in east and south central areas. Light to moderate infestations in upper coastal and central areas, but some fields in Hill, McLennan, Falls and Hamilton Counties, central area, have economic infestations. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 18). ARIZONA - Infestations of Spanogonicus albofasciatus remain high in most central and south- east area cotton, although a decline appears to be occurring in some fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO —- Fleahoppers, mostly S. albofasciatus, appar- ently building up in cotton in Hidalgo, Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpts»). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Infestations increased in cotton statewide. Adult migration from other hosts heavy and some nymphs also present in cotton. This movement into cotton about 2 weeks earlier than normal, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO — Generally light in most cotton fields checked in Dona Ana, Luna, Hidalgo and Sierra Counties. (N. M. Coop.Rpt.). COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected from a Johnston County cottonfield. Population heavy on some plants, but infestation spotty. (Mount) THRIPS -— ARIZONA — Infestations continue heavy in some southeast area cotton. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy on younger cotton in north central area; damage sufficient to warrant controls. Populations light on older cotton. Moderate infestations in Hardeman County, northwest area. (Cott. Ins. Sit., June 18). OKLAHOMA - Counts of Frankliniella sp. low in Caddo, Grady, Jackson and Tillman Counties, but high counts recorded in Choctaw County. Some damage reported in Bryan County area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - ARIZONA - Light to medium infesta- tions general in central area; few fields requiring treatments. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CORRECTIONS CEIR 12(23):609 -— STATUS OF SOME IMPORTANT PESTS IN THE UNITED STATES - delete Hawaii from distribution of GARDEN SYMPHALAN (Scutigerella immaculata (Newport)). Identifications in error, species replaced in Hawaii by Hanseniella unguiculata (Hansen). Cf. Scheller, Ulf. Studies on the Symphylid Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. 17(3) :443-456, 1961. CEIR 12(25):671 -— TABANIDS - GEORGIA - Delete note. Should read: HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Counts of unspecified species on cattle in several southern and central counties ranged 0-2,000 per animal; averaged 120. (Roberts). - 699 = FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Pupation underway in Monroe and Jackson Counties June 13; third to last stage larvae heavy in Marinette County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Third instars feeding on new shoots in central St. Louis County; populations appear low. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) -—- MINNESOTA - Mostly in fourth to sixth instars in northeastern district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Severe on red pine in Westmoreland County and on Austrian, red and Scotch pine in Cumberland County. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). NEW YORK - Larvae present on Fire Island, Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Caused moderate damage to Scotch, Austrian and red pine plantations in Berks and Cumberland Counties. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). KANSAS - Infested 3-5 tips per pine tree in a Riley County planting; primarily pupae, some adults emerged. (Charlton). PITCH MASS BORER (Vespamima pini) - WISCONSIN - Third stage to full grown larvae abundant on pines in an area of Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). A PINE NEEDLE-SHEATH MINER (Zelleria haimbachi) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Young larvae collected May 16 on new shoots of Virginia pine in Bedford and Fulton Counties. Det. by L. Linquist. Virginia pine is first clearly defined host record for this pest in eastern United States. Larvae present on 30-50 percent of new shoots on trees 4-8 inches dbh and 20-25 feet high in collection area. Amount of damage to Virginia pine in this area yet to be determined. Larva first feeds as needle miner, emerges and then feeds on needle sheaths. Produces mass of silken webbing around needle bases. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) -.PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming an increasing problem on Scotch pine and Christmastree plantings in Indiana and Cambria Counties. Consid- erable damage present; rows of trees often made unfit for harvest. Stump treat- ment with a certain chlorinated hydrocarbon in oil appears very effective; no damage occurs where used. (Udine, June 16). Caused death of numerous natural pine seedlings in southern counties and death of many pine twigs. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). INDIANA —- Attacking Scotch pine in Jefferson County. This is first time pest has been taken in State since 1916. (Schuder). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - RHODE ISLAND - Current damage becoming noticeable in Washinton County. (Mathewson). PENNSYLVANIA - Current damage to white pine evident in Franklin County on June 1 by wilting of new terminal shoots. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). A PINE WEEVIL (Pachylobius picivorus) - INIDANA - Killing pines in Van Buren Town- ship, Brown County. (Schuder). RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - PENNSYLVANIA - Attacked disease-— weakened red pines in Franklin County. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - IDAHO —- Extremely abundant on Douglas-fir at Pierce, Clearwater County, and at Moscow, Latah County. Eggs just hatched; nymphs on needles of new terminal growth. (Manis, Fitzsimmons). WISCONSIN - Galls abundant on spruce in portions of Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - MINNESOTA - Infesting Norway pine in nursery at Grand Rapids, Itasca County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Light on Virginia pine in southern counties. Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). =) 00) "= SPITTLEBUGS (Aphrophora spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - A. parallela heavy on Virginia pines in most areas of southern Counties. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). WISCONSIN - A. parallela nymphs numerous on pines in Marinette County; second and third stage nymphs of A. saratogensis common on pines in Langlade County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - N. sertifer damaging Virginia pine in southern counties. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). MINNESOTA - Late instars of N. pratti banksianae lightly scattered in St. Louis County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - N. lecontei light, only few colonies per pine plantation, in Franklin and Perry Counties. (Schuder). WEB-SPINNING SAWFLIES (Acantholyda spp.) - CONNECTICUT - A. erythrocephala a problem in Greens Farms area, Fairfield County. (Savos). OHIO - First adults of Acantholyda spp. emerging in white pine planting in Licking County. (Walker, Donley). YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) - MINNESOTA - Early instars appearing in open growing spruce in northeastern area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MINNESOTA - Few early instars appearing in east central and northeastern districts; most eggs not hatched. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ALABAMA - Heavy and defoliating elms in Clay County. (Barwood). OKLAHOMA - Damage continues around State; increasing numbers of second-generation larvae becoming active in some areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Second-generation larvae present in southwest; adults laying eggs in central area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). IOWA — Damage light in Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County, and Glenwood, Mills County; larvae in second stage. (Iowa. Ins. Inf., June 18). UTAH - Becoming injurious in an area of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae present on weeping willows in sections of Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Increasing on foliage of black locust in central and southern counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ELM BARK BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Spring flights of Scolytus multistriatus and Hylurgopinus rufipes, principal carriers of Dutch elm disease, about complete. As of June 20, total of 382 cases of disease verified from 10 different counties and 43 municipalities. As of same date in 1961, only 151 postitive cases of Dutch elm disease had been diagnosed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - MINNESOTA - Native stand of birch near Pierz, Morrison County, condemned for sale as nursery stock because of infesta- tion. Several trees in nurseries in area also condemned. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) - CONNECTICUT - Damaging oaks in New Haven area, New Haven County. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND - First damage of season noted on oak in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). A WEEVIL (Attelabus nigripes) - MISSOURI - Light numbers feeding on pin oak in a nursery in east central area. (Owens). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Light, widespread and attacking mulberry trees in Gonzales and De Witt Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - General infestations now present in all areas. First appearance this season was June 16 in Washington and Benton Counties, in extreme northwest section. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Hatched about June 5 on elm and mulberry in Riley and Johnson Counties. (Thompson, Peters). WISCONSIN -— Third stage larvae feeding on native crabapple - 701 - in Rock County. Incidence of this pest appears to be light this season. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA - Common on trees in Tioga County. (Schroeder, June 16). DELAWARE - Appearing on various species of trees in State. (Bray). LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) - NEW YORK - Caused major damage to forests and shade trees in Ulster and Greene Counties. Now leaving trees and pupating. (N.Y. Wkly Rpt., June 18). PENNSYLVANIA - Expected moderate to heavy defoliation materialized, practically statewide. Most important spring defoliator in most areas. Stripping particularly heavy in central counties; ranged 40-80 percent on red oak. Elsewhere, 20-40 percent defoliation common. Chestnut, scrub and scarlet oaks, birch, elm, hickory, chestnut sprouts and mountain-laurel stripped in southern counties; feeding prevalent on beech and maple in northern counties. Also observed climbing and stringing down from hemlock. Defoliation about over in southern counties, but continuing in northern area. Numerous larvae diseased in Perry and Cumberland Counties. Effects will not be known until moths are in flight in late fall. Many predacious ants observed decending trees with parts of larvae; actual attacks noted on trunks. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). NORTH DAKOTA - Probably this species, damaging foliage of basswood in northern Traill County. (Post, Puckering). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - Egg mass hatch noted during May in areas of MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT and NEW YORK. On May 2, egg cluster found in Utica, Oneida County, New York; subsequent scouting revealed an additional egg mass. Infestation will be treated. Cooperative programs completed on 13,056, 34,835 and 38,965 acres, respectively, in PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY and MAINE. Approximately 100 acres at site of National Girl Scout Round-up at Button Bay, Vermont, treated; light infestation discovered at several points in and around camp Site area; therefore, treatment considered advisable as precautionary measure against possible spread by cars and camping equipment. Control programs to suppress populations and prevent defoliation conducted on 56,000 acres in CONNECTICUT and initiated on approximately 50,000 in MASSACHUSETTS, including heavily infested areas on Cape Cod. All known infestations in RHODE ISLAND treated. Regulatory treatment applied in and around nurseries on Long Island, New York; at Shelburne, Vermont; in Connecticut; and in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. In Massachusetts, 5 additional trailer park sites found infested at Peabody, Westboro, East Bridgewater and Norton. (PPC, East. Reg.). MICHIGAN — Aerial spray program in Ingham County began May 7 and completed May 11. (PPC, Cent. Reg., May Rpt.). CANKERWORMS — CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species a problem at South Kent, Litch- field County, and at Bridgeport, Fairfield County. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Paleacrita vernata and Alsophila pometaria caused light to moderate defoliation in southern counties. A. pometaria also reported from Potter, McKean and Lycoming Counties, along with Operophtera bruceata, on northern hardwoods. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae of unspecified species completely defoliated boxelders and caused severe damage to elms in southern Grand Forks County and in Hatton-Portland area of Traill County. (Post, Puckering). SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) - VERMONT - Defoliation of poplar evident in Essex Junction, Chittenden County, and Westminster, Windham County. (MacCollom, June 18). WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - IOWA - Larvae feeding on leaves of maple and other shade trees. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). RHODE ISLAND - Small larvae evident on deciduous trees in Washington County. (Mathewson). OAK LEAF ROLLERS — PENNSYLVANIA - Complex of at least 6 species causing consider- able defoliation of oaks; 2 species appear to be most important. In central counties, Argyrotoxa semipurpurana was very damaging to red oak and in parts of Lycoming County caused more defoliation than linden looper. This pest was reported present over a large portion of the State in 1958 and 1959, causing noticeable defoliation. Archips sp. caused 80-100 percent defoliation of scrub oak in Cumberland, Adams and Franklin Counties, and was present to a considerable = 702) = degree on red and scarlet oaks in central counties. This group of pests undoubtedly has more impact on oaks than heretofore realized, and along with spring and summer defoliators, is causing an increase in oak mortality. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). CONNECTICUT - Extremely large numbers of adults of unspecified species flying from shrubbery in southwestern and south central parts of State, in preparation to egg laying. (Savos). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WASHINGTON - Late instars damaged willow and aspen in Stevens County. (Brannon, June 15). UTAH - Unusually light in canyons and communities in northern portion of State. (Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - Population considerably lower this year; only light infestations reported, mainly in Dauphin, Franklin, Cumberland, Adams, Bedford and Lycoming Counties. A parasitic sarcophagid, Sarcophaga aldrichi, numerous in southern counties; should keep M. disstria population at low level into 1963, (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June). A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma sp.) - WYOMING - Larvae numerous and causing light damage to trees in Big Horn, Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. (Fullerton). MOURN ING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - UTAH - Larvae damaged foliage of elms in Salt Lake City area. (Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae feeding on willow in a Bucks County nursery. (Cole, June 16). PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NEW YORK - Egg laying on many species of forest trees in Ulster County; first emergence verified in Albany County June 15. None yet reported in Westchester and Broome Counties. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). CONNECTICUT - "Singing" and laying eggs in eastern Hamden, North Haven, Cheshire, North Branford, North Guilford, Middlefield, New Britain, Meriden and surrounding areas. Trees and shrubs should be protected. (Savos). PENNSYLVANIA - Not yet observed in Bucks and Montgomery Counties. (Cole, June 16). Large numbers continue to emerge in Lebanon County; emergence spotty and irregular in Dauphin County. (Sleesman). VIRGINIA - Common in several communities in Warren County, but not general in county. (Weddle, May 31). Injured Japanese and Chinese holly in nursery near Martinsville, Henry County (Miller, Matheny, June 14); common in small area of Chesterfield County (Jones, Jume 1) and observed in Caroline County, near Spotsylvania and Hanover County lines (Eagar, June 4). Common in Louisa County east of Highway 609 south of junction with Highway 655; damaged dogwood in a nursery; observed along Highway 700 in vicinity of Pendelton. (Freund, June 4). New county records this year for Brood II are Warren and Caroline Counties. Has not been observed in Charlotte, Powhata and James City Counties, where expected to occur. (Tarpley, June 22). NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) - IDAHO —- Increasing on maple in Parma, Canyon County; trees beginning to "drip". (Scott). WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) - UTAH - Rolling elm leaves in northern portion of State. Knowlton A PLANT BUG (Plagiognathus albatus) - DELAWARE - Adults abundant on sycamores in New Castle County. (Burbutis). A MEMBRACID (Vanduzea arquata) — PENNSYLVANIA - Large numbers present on black locust in Huntingdon County. (Jeffery, June 16). OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - MARYLAND —- Heavy on oaks at Cheverly, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AN OAK KERMES SCALE (Kermes pubescens) - KANSAS - Heavy on some bur oaks in Leavenworth County, northeast, with over 40 on some twigs. (Charlton). OKLAHOMA - Infesting oak in Ponca City area, Kay County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) —- WISCONSIN - Eggs have hatched in Marinette County and feeding underway. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). = 103) = A GALL MIDGE (Dasyneura gleditschiae) - PENNSYLVANIA — Has become quite heavy on a variety of locust during past several years in Montgomery County area. (Menusan, June 16). GALL INSECTS - COLORADO - Pachypsylla sp. very abundant on leaves of hackberry in Denver area. (Berry). IOWA - Galls of unspecified species numerous on hack- berry and willow. Hickory also infested in Black Hawk County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - NEW YORK - Second-generation larvae reported at Babylon, Suffolk County. Injury from first generation widely evident in Broome County, but some areas show little damage. Second generation about to appear. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults again active. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). ELM LEAF MINER (Fenusa ulmi) - KANSAS - Occasional leaves of American elms mined and blotched in Leavenworth County; infestation light. (Charlton). A MAPLE BORER (Xiphydria maculata) - WISCONSIN - Adults prevalent and ovipositing on dead and dying hard maples and on sugar maples in Vilas County June 14. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). AN OAK BLISTER GALL (Neuroterus papillosus) - KANSAS - Heavy on some leaves of bur oak in Leavenworth County, northeast. (Charlton). MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadr ipedes) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on silver maple in Dauphin and Cumberland Counties. (Sleesman, June 16). CONNECTICUT - A problem in Naugatuck, New Haven County. (Savos). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Heavy, isolated population completely defoliated young arborvitae in Chilton County. (Buttram). TEXAS - Widespread, medium to heavy in Guadalupe County, attacking arborvitae. (Massey). Widespread and medium in Jack County, attacking juniper and other ornamentals. (Hulsey). OKLAHOMA - Continues damaging on evergreens throghout State. Some damage to elm and pin oak reported in Ponca City area, Kay County. (Okla. Coop. ‘Sur.). KANSAS - Light to heavy on arborvitae in Saline County, central area. (Charlton). MARYLAND - Larvae infesting arborvitae and other evergreens in Talbot, St. Marys and Washington Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Webbing noticeable on Moraine locust and mimosa in Baltimore and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Full grown larvae present on honeylocust at Zanesville, Muskingum County. (Walker). MISSOURI - Light and feeding on mimosa and locust in southwest area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpa) -— MARYLAND - Larvae present on catalpa trees in Frederick, Somerset and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on arborvitae in Montgomery County. (Sleesman, June 16). RHODE ISLAND - Adults very numerous around seriously damaged plants in Kingston area, Washington County. (Mathewson). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - KANSAS - Caused severe defoliation of nasturtiums in garden in Riley County. (Peters). OMNIVOROUS LOOPER (Sabulodes caberata) - CALIFORNIA - Extremely heavy and feeding on English ivy in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County. Infestations heaviest in many years. (Cals Coop! Rpt). A LEAF TIER (Norma dietsiana) - DELAWARE - Larvae collected from American holly, tying leaves, at Primehook Neck, Sussex County, during May 1961, by P. P. Burbutis. Det. by D. Davis. This is a new State record, (Burbutis) . - 704 - LEAF ROLLERS - WYOMING - Archips sp. causing considerable damage to ornamentals in all areas of Big Horn Basin. (Fullerton). KANSAS —- Few partially grown Fascista cercerisella larvae noted on redbud trees in Riley County, northeast. (Charlton). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Noted on roses in several areas, as follows: Light at Elsom, King and Queen County, June 18 (Sedivy); light, spotty, countywide in Fluvanna County June 18 (Watts); feeding 5 miles west of Cuckoo, Louisa County, June 14 (Williams); first observed in Princess Anne County June 9 (Sims). First adults on ornamentals in Falls Church, Fairfax County, noted June 14. (Hall). NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliated new growth of roses in McDowell County. (Jones). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WISCONSIN - Becoming noticeable in Monroe, Shawano, Outagamie and Trempealeau Counties; first observed in Sauk County June 14. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA — Severely damaging roses at Clinton, Clinton County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). NEW YORK — Complaints frequent in Albany County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). CONNECTICUT - Feeding on many ornamentals. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND - Especially heavy in public park in Westerly, Washington County, and heavy in Smithfield, Providence County. (Mathewson, King). VERMONT - Abundant in Burlington and many other areas on ornamentals. (MacCollom), A SCARAB (Trigonopeltastes delta) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected from titi (Cyrilla racemiflora) in Sampson County. (Stephen). A LEAF BEETLE (Anomoea laticlavia) - OHIO - Damaging Moraine locust at Zanesville, Muskingum County. (Walker). MISSOURI - Adults feeding on mimosa, locust and various other ornamentals in southwest area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites concolor) - UTAH - Numerous on wild roses in Salt' Lake and Weber Counties; also caused some damage to rose gardens. (Knowlton). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) -— UTAH - Severe in some gardens at Salt Lake City, Logan and Ogden. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Numerous on new growth of spirea in Ft. Collins area, Larimer County. (Lawson). POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on Lombardy poplar in a Somerset County nursery. Det. by Js O. Pepper. (Yackley). AN APHID (Masonaphis lambersi) - WASHINGTON - Occurred on rhododendron at Sumner, Pierce County, in mid-May; populations now increasing slowly. (Doucette, June 15). AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on various species of azaleas in Harrisburg, Dauphin County. (Sleesman, June 16). FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Nymphs and adults quite common on flowers in south central area. (Pepper, June 16). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WASHINGTON - Numerous on various ornamentals at Sumer, Pierce County. (Doucette, June 15). A LYGAEID BUG (Crophius bohemani) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations swarming on trunks of Eucalyptus sp. in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) - UTAH - Severely discolored rose foliage in many gardens at Salt Lake City, Provo, Murry, Ogden and Brigham City. (Knowlton). FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) - KANSAS - Averaged 4-5 per 6-inch shoot on juniper in Sumner County, south central. Crawlers hatched and still under shell of old female June 11. (Thompson), IOWA - Appearing on arborvitae, juniper and yew. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). WISCONSIN - Eggs on yew 50-75 percent hatched in southern area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). — 70s) JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - NEW JERSEY - Second-brood crawlers present. (Ins.-Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 19). CONNECTICUT - Eggs now hatching. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND — Hatching in progress; crawlers moving out in numbers on 2 properties in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on hedges and ornamental plantings in Harrisburg, Dauphin County. (Sleesman, June 16). WISCONSIN - Crawlers prevalent on yew plantings in Dane County area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). COCCIDS — OKLAHOMA - Unaspis euonymi damaging euonymus in Ponca City area, Kay County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Lepidosaphes ulmi caused considerable damage to cotoneaster hedge on fair ground in Knox County. (Bergman). PENNSYLVANIA — Neolecanium cornuparvum heavy on magnolia on one property and light on an estate in Allegheny County. (Keeler, June 18). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - Saissetia oleae moderate to severe on Nerium oleander at U. S. Botanic Garden. Det. by H. Morrison. (Newkirk). Coccids in Florida: Aspidiotus lataniae moderate to severe on Rhododendron indica at Tampa, Hillsborough County (June 12) and on Fortunella sp. at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County (June 13). Chrysomphalus aonidum moderate to severe on Camellia sp. (June 15) and Ilex sp. (June 13) at Cocoa, Brevard County. Comstockiella sabalis moderate on Sabal palmetto at De Leon Springs, Volusia County (June 13); most specimens parasitized. Fiorinia theae moderate to severe on Ilex sp. at Sharpes, Brevard County, and on Camellia sp. at Cocoa (June 15). Icerya purchasi moderate on Jacaranda sp. at Paola, Seminole County (June 8). Pseudococcus aonidum light to moderate on Cordyline sp. at Melbourne, Brevard County (June 11). Pseudococcus citri severe on Solanum sp. at Chattahoochee, Gadsden County (June 7) and on Geranium sp. at Winter Haven, Polk County (June 13). Toumeyella turgida severe on Magnolia sp. at Grayton Beach, Walton County (June 10). Pseudaonidia clavigera was collected June 13 on the following hosts at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County: Ficus benjamina var. exotica, F. repens, Eugenia paniculata, Ilex americana, Fortunella sp., Melaleuca leucadendra, Schinus terebinthifolius and Psidium sp. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) - WASHINGTON - Moderately numerous on boxwood at Sumner, Pierce County. (Doucette, June 15). WHITEFLIES — WASHINGTON - Dialeurodes chittendeni adults appearing in moderate numbers on rhododendrons at Sumner, Pierce County. (Doucette, June 15). PENNSYLVANIA - Pealius azaleae infesting azalea plantings in Harrisburg area, Dauphin County. (Sleesman, June 16). RHODE ISLAND - Adults of unspecified species heavy around rhododendron in Kingston, Washington County, but no immatures noted on plants involved. (Mathewson). PRIVET THRIPS (Dendrothrips ornatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy and discoloring hedge in Smithfield, Providence County. (King, Mathewson). ROSE-SLUG (Endelomyia aethiops) - MISSOURI - Apparently causing considerable damage in Crawford County. Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). IDAHO - Damaging roses at Orofino, Clearwater County. (Fitzsimmons). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Causing moderate damage to flowers and occasionally collected in homes in northern communities. (Knowlton). SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Heavy on juniper in Reno, Washoe County. (Ting). IDAHO - Unidentified species attacking junipers at Parma, Canyon County; populations heavy and foming balls cn upper branch tips in afternoons. (Scott). OKLAHOMA - Damaging various ornamentals in several areas about State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA —- A problem on flowers and ornamentals in south central area (Pepper, June 16); also heavy on Ilex crenata this year in Bucks, Montgomery and Chester Counties. (Cole, June 16). DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor very heavy on willow oaks in one area of New Castle County. (Bray). Chaves, De Baca, Release rates of 200 flies per square 2) (LOS) A total of 1,903 screw-worm cases was reported this New counties reporting screw-worm cases included: Erad. Div.). Lincoln and Taos Counties, New Mexico, and Archer, Cochran, Collingsworth, Crane, Foard, Haskell, Hockley, Kaufman, Knox, Somervell and Trinity Counties, Texas. STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST (Anim, Dis. During the period June 8-14, a total of 22,133,200 sterile flies were released in areas involving 52,104 square miles. mile were made over an area of 41,920 square miles and 400 flies over an area INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS of 10,184 square miles. period. reat Bie eS Ne y ete = hee es Se IN FY Yi WAN AY \N 5 NN New counties infested during Counties reported infested period June 8-14 during period June 8-14 Odi iim SECONDARY SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia macellaria) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected in Meade County by R. M. Buck, DVM. (Mast, Spawn). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - SOUTH DAKOTA - General throughout southeastern one-fourth of State, with very heavy counts of 25-400 per animal in Yankton County; averaged approximately 35 per animal. (Hintz). IOWA - A major annoyance to cattle; ranged 50-500 (averaged 200) per animal on beef cattle in Monona and Harrison Counties. Survey of herds in pasture from Shenandoah, Page County, to Atlantic, Cass County, showed only 11 herds of 127 surveyed had access to back- rubbers; flies ranged 5-20 (averaged 10) on these, cattle. Of 116 herds without access to backrubbers, 104 extremely annoyed by flies; populations frequently 200-500 per animal. Remaining herds grazing and resting; fly populations low. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). NEBRASKA - Ranged 250-1,500 per head on cattle in northern and northeastern areas; averaged 5,000 per animal on 6 bulls in a Cherry County pasture. (Bergman).- KANSAS - Ranged 25-400 per animal in north central and northwest areas. (Peters). MISSOURI - Ranged 20-250 per animal on untreated beef herds in southwest area. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). OKLAHOMA - Remained unchanged in Stillwater area, Payne County; heavy populations observed in Push- mataha and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). VERMONT - Biting of cattle prevalent. (MacCollom). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Populations increased in Still- water area, Payne County; ranged up to 30 per head, averaged 9. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - May be more severe on cattle this year than for past several years. (111.:Ins. Rpt.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 10-25 per animal on herd in Yankton County with high population of horn fly. (Hintz). IOWA - Ranged 5-50 (averaged 10) per face. Survey of 127 beef cattle herds in pasture from Shenan- doah, Page County, to Atlantic, Cass County, on June 14, showed only 11 (8.6 percent) of herds had access to backrubbers in pastures. Face fly ranged 1-20 (averaged 10) per animal on these herds. Of 116 herds without backrubbers in pastures, 104 extremely annoyed by flies. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). NEBRASKA - Ranged 2-10 per face on livestock in northeastern and northern areas. (Bergman). KANSAS - Ranged 0-12 (averaged less than 1) per animal on cattle in north central and northwest areas. (Peters). PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming troublesome generally. Transmission of pinkeye suspected. (Udine, June 16). NORTH CAROLINA - Ranged 2-3 per animal in Yadkin, McDowell and Caldwell Counties. (Jones). SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on 4 out of 5 farms checked in northern Greenville County; 30 or more per face found on several diary cows on one farm. Present on 2 out 3 herds checked in Pickens County. (Nettles et al., June 20). VERMONT - Counts 15-20 per animal on cattle. (MacCollom). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming a problem about farm build- ings in south central area. (Pepper, June 16). OKLAHOMA - No population changes noted in Stillwater area, Payne County, from previous counts. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) VERMONT - Populations extremely high. (MacCollom). TABANIDS - UTAH - Tabanus similis and Hybomitra opaca among first species to appear in. Duchesne-Bridgeland area, Duchesne County. Det. by C. B. Philip. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Several species of horse flies averaged 5 per head on cattle in southeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IOWA —- Deer flies annoying at Pocahontas, Pocahontas County. (Iowa. Ins. Inf., June 18). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - IOWA —- Adults running cattle near State Center, Marshall County, and Kossuth County, June 11. (Iowa Ins. inf.). NEBRASKA — Cattle running in pastures in sandhills area is first evidence of adult activity. Larvae present in backs of 6 animals in Hooker County. (Bergman). MOSQUITOES — UTAH - Mosquito annoyance reported from several counties with advent of warm weather June 10-14 in central and northern areas. Unspecified species appearing in increasing numbers following rains and cold period in many communi- ties and counties; presently very troublesome in Cache County communities. - 708 - Especially numerous and troublesome in Duchesne and Ouray areas of Uintah Basin. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Psorophora spp. and Aedes spp. continue in annoying numbers throughout many areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Heavy rains during late May and early June increased mosquito problem over much of State; predominant species are Aedes aegypti, Aedes triseriatus and Psorophora ciliata. (Knutson, Peters). NEBRASKA — Heavy numbers of unspecified species causing annoyance in northern half of State. (Bergman). NORTH DAKOTA —- Mosquitoes becoming a prob- lem in Grand Forks County, where repellent is necessary for work in cereal crop plots during daytime; pests unbearable in fields at dawn or dusk. Excessive rains increased populations to highest numbers in experimental plots since 1948. (Post, Puckering). Number of bites during 5-minute period in large backyard highest since 1956. (Post). MINNESOTA - During period June 10-16, total of 619 field biting collections made; 7,540 adults taken; 61 percent were Aedes vexans, 8 percent A. trivittatus, 8 percent A. sticticus, 8 percent A. cinereus, 6 percent A. stimulans, 3 percent A. fitchii; 18 species were taken. In evening biting collections, 77 percent were A. vexans and 10 percent Aedes dorsalis; 13 species were taken, Twenty-five species taken in trap collections; 16,800 females were taken, compared with 82,900 previous reporting period; 15,500 of the females were Aedes vexans. All traps showed decline in numbers. In 653 larval collections, 119 were A. vexans, 395 Culex restuans, 159 Culex territans, 32 Culex tarsalis and 250 Culiseta inornata. In wooded areas, spring species of Aedes have been more prevalent than normal. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA — Mosquitoes troublesome in western portion of State. On June 13 in Monona County, mosquitoes biting at rate of 1-2 per minute in bright sunlight; wind 6-8 m.p.h. Same situation present in other areas of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - Various species continue a nuisance in northern and some southern counties. Larvae of Culex pipiens pipiens common in pools in Madison area, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - Unspecified species biting in South Kingstown, Washington County; Mansonia perturbans, Aedes fitchii and Aedes punctor collected at Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). BITING MIDGES - UTAH - Extremely annoying in Blanding area, San Juan County, from June 8 to present. (Thornley, Knowlton). BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - OKLAHOMA - Entering homes in Still- water area, Payne County, and Tulsa, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Continues heavy in southeastern area, with 200 per head observed on cattle in Pushmataha and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - NEW MEXICO - Probably this species, a problem in several cattle herds in De Baca County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - UTAH — Collected in basement at Vernal, Uintah County. (Knowlton). BACKSWIMMERS - NEW JERSEY - Have infested several outdoor swimming pools. (Ins.- Dis.-Weed Newsltr., June 19). HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) - IOWA -— Reported from homes in 31 counties, cf. CEIR 12(24):640. Nusiance predicted during summer and winter throughout State. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). A DERMESTID (Perimegatoma sp.) - UTAH - Infesting a home at Tremonton, Box Elder County, May 9. Det. by P. J. Spangler. (Knowlton). =i Ok RUSTIC BORER (Xylotrechus colonus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Emerged from fireplace wood in homes in Dauphin County. (Sleesman, June 12). A LONG-HORNED BEETLE (Phymatodes testaceus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected in home basement in Sullivan County. (Pepper, June 14). HOUSE CRICKET (Acheta domesticus) - INDIANA - Very heavy population developed during May in dump area at edge of Waverly, Morgan County; thousands present. Homes in area invaded. Controls obtained only after heavy application of insecticides to dump area in conjunction with individual yard and home treatments. (Matthew). A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes sp.) -— TEXAS — Medium and local in homes and buildings in Washington County. Swarms noted after recent rain, (McClung). CARPENTER ANTS - CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species a nuisance in homes. (Savos). NEW YORK - Unspecified species active in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). IOWA — Reports of winged forms of unspecified species continue. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Jume 18). TEXAS - Numerous reports of Camponotus sp. activity in homes in many parts of State. (Garner). PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - CONNECTICUT - A nuisance in many homes over State, particularly in West Hartford, Killingworth and Watertown. (Savos). CARPENTER BEES - NEW YORK - Unspecified species active in Nassau County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 18). HOUSE CENTIPEDE (Scutigera coleoptrata) - NORTH DAKOTA — Present in home at Fargo, Cass County; 1-2 have been present in this house for past 8 years. (Post). MILLIPEDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Complaints numerous following recent rains in Piedmont area and along Coastal Plains. (Nettles et al.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS DARKLING BEETLES - IOWA - Adults of Alphitobius diaperinus anc Tribolium castaneum abundant in pelletized, ground feed at feed mill in storage bin near bag-filling machine. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 18). PENNSYLVANIA - Tenebrio obscurus heavy in meat store in Hanover, York County. (Sleesman, June 12). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES — OREGON - Unspecified species averaged less than 2 per sweep in alfalfa for seed, week of June 17. (Capizzi). WYOMING - Adults of several species, per 100 sweeps, averaged 19 in alfalfa and 6 in fields of sugar beets in Big Horn Basin, (Fullerton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults and larvae of unspecified species generally distributed in crop areas; ranged 1-8 per 10 sweeps, with one field of winter wheat in Beadle County having larval population of 13 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). A GROUND BEETLE (Calosoma semilaeve) -— CALIFORNIA - Unusually large numbers of adults, probably this species, in southern part of State this spring. Vast numbers invaded public buildings in Los Angeles. Increase attributed to abundance of noctuids, cutworms and looper larvae as hosts. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LACEWINGS — OREGON - Unspecified species abundant in alfalfa for seed, week of June 17; averaged less than 2 per sweep. (Capizzi). UTAH - Chrysopa spp. averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in Uintah Basin alfalfa. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Chrysopa sp, ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps. (Hintz). DAMSEL BUGS - OREGON —- Unspecified species abundant in alfalfa for seed, week of = (107 —- June 17; averaged less than 2 per sweep. (Capizzi). WYOMING - Nabis sp. adults averaged 11 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Big Horn Basin. (Fullerton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 1-3 per 10 sweeps throughout southeastern one-fourth of State. (Hintz). AN ICHNEUMONID (Bathyplectes curculionis) - IDAHO - Adults of this parasite of alfalfa weevil apparently absent in southwestern area. In past years, counts have ranged up to 35 per sweep in same fields checked this season. (Waters). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Adults trapped in Florence, Florence County, May 23; Dillon, Dillon County, May 22; and Columbia, Richland County, May 21. (PPC, So. Reg., May Rpt.). VIRGINIA - First adults collected June 9 Pittsylvania County, June 5 Southampton County, June 8 Chesterfield County, and June 16 Westmoreland County. (Dominick, Smith, Jones, Ptucha). MARYLAND - Emerged in numbers in Prince Georges County June 21. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First adults noted June 16, now present throughout State. (Burbutis). OHIO - Adults found in several locations in State; emergence earlier than usual. (Polivka). INDIANA - First adults found in Newton County June 19. (Gould). CALIFORNIA - Although weather favorable, only one adult taken in trap in new infestation area of Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - First report of adults ncted in Chambers and Mobile Counties. (Buttram). A LEAF BEETLE (Acalymma gouldi) - INDIANA — Found in State for first time since 1942, (Lammers). WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - NEVADA - Large, larval migrations reported in several northern counties. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). POLYPHEMUS MOTH (Antheraea polyphemus) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults evident in Kent County. (Cartier). CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - NORTH DAKOTA - Males noted at Fargo, Cass County, and taken in light trap at Linton, Emmons County. (Post, Puckering). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Treatment of nearly 30,000 acres in fringe counties of northeastern MISSISSIPPI underway in effort to prevent movement northward. Similar efforts being made in west central fringe counties. Several blocks totaling some 27,000 acres being treated in northern LOUISIANA. An 8,000-acre contract in ARKANSAS, coupled with ground applications, to provide treatment of all known infestations in State. All infestations in Brazoria County, TEXAS, treated. (PPC, So. Reg., May Rpt.). FLORIDA - Additional collections made in Jackson County on June 11-12 and in Leon County on June 6, 7 and 8. Det. W. Breidenbach. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A VESPID WASP (Vespula squamosa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected in Sampson County. (Stephen). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on boxelder trees and around homes in New Cumberland and Camp Hill, Cumberland County. (Sleesman). Adults and late nymphs abundant on grass and sides of buildings in Juniata County. (Udine). = 711 = A MARGARODID SCALE (Margarodes meridionalis) - FLORIDA - Moderate numbers in soil around grapefruit trees at Davenport, Polk County. (Hickman, June 6). A MILLIPED (Oxidus gracilis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in grass and soil and in swimming pool in Ukiah, Mendocino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Heliothis unip. ips. saucia nubilalis ornith. sexta quinq. zea vires. ARKANSAS Hope 6/14 2 1 3 3 Kelso 6/14 1 al 3 4 Fayetteville 6/14 Al 10 12 4A CALIFORNIA Shafter Exp. Sta. 6/14-20 1 4 14 1 ILLINOIS (County) Champaign 6/15-21 1,080 24 7 1 INDIANA (Counties) Jasper 6/12-19 95 83 72 16 2 La Porte 6/12-19 149 aks) 12 9 Lawrence 6/11-18 15 16 C al: 5 4 2 Tippecanoe 6/15-21 10 al Vanderburgh 6/14-21 13 4 5 1 IOWA Ames 6/3-16 921 74 49 797 Columbus Jct. 5/31-6/7 203 235 43 389 Hastings 6/1-9 404 20 25 279 Soldier 6/5-14 219 9 1 279 Dubuque 5/31-6/8 1,600 83 49 541 KANSAS Garden City 6/13-15,18 14 8 10 7 3 Hays 6/18 2 9 3 3 Manhattan 6/16-22 70 22 8 28 3 Mound Valley 6/13 4 2 1 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 6/15-21 11 12 6 287 10 33 1 NORTH DAKOTA Fargo 6/18-22 15 Emerick 6/18-22 155 McLeod 6/18-22 5 Linton 6/18-22 32 NEBRASKA Kearney 6/4-14 259 8 18 40 1 al Lincoln 6/1-21 615 32 12) 42 3 1 2 North Platte 6/7-20 S215. 99 133 37 1 2 6] eal) Scotts Bluff Exp. Sta. 6/5-18 158 7 8 * Two traps —- Stoneville. (Continued on page 712). - 712 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (Continued) Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Ostrinia Prod. Protoparce Heliothis ynip. ips. saucia nubilalis ornith. sexta quing. zea vires. Na See NS EME ch Sa als SPAS a SY a IIL Ra aR SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 6/16-22 1 28 3 3 SOUTH DAKOTA Brookings 6/16-22 34 28 TEXAS Brownsville 6/15-22 5 49 55 51 19 SL 243 Waco 6/16-22 43 12 49 67 87 6 WISCONSIN Janesville 6/12-18 536 5 *Mazomanie 6/11-18 848 9 4 175 De Forest 6/5-11 194 5 2) Middleton 6/13-19 102 10 9 14 Madison 6/13-19 238 10 8 18 Arlington 6/12-18 125 7 Wayne 6/12-18 AT4 2 Theresa 6/12-18 160 Nenno 6/12-18 162 Green Bay 6/5-11 107 2 Wayside 6/12-18 110 al! * Two traps - Mazomanie FORO IO OCI I ICR ROK Weather of the Week Ending June 25 (Cont'd from page 680) had the only departures significantly less than normal. Marquette Airport, Michigan, averaged 5° cooler than normal, Elsewhere across the East, averages were normal or slightly above, with the warmest centered along the middle Atlantic coast. Rainfall was rather general from the Rockies eastward, and amounts varied from light to moderate to locally heavy from shower activity. Only light to moderate precipi- tation was received .in the central areas of the Rocky Mountains and Plateau region. Little or no rainfall was received in the Pacific Northwest, California, Arizona and New Mexico. The Panhandle area of Texas had its fourth consecutive week of heavy thunderstorms and showers. On Monday,hail to golf ball size fell near Amarillo where the weekly total rainfall exceeded 4.00 inches. Farther north in the Plains, marble-sized hail fell Tuesday afternoon at Cheyenne, Wyoming, and tornado reports came from three stations in Nebraska Wednesday. At Glasgow, Montana, three-fourth inch hailstones fell during a severe storm which also produced 80 m.p.h. wind gusts. In the Chicago, Illinois, area, a funnel cloud briefly dipped down late Saturday, damaging 10 homes in Oak Forest. Farther north, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, reported destruction of several barns, some cattle deaths, and tree damage by an unconfirmed tornado. Golf ball-size hail was reported from St. Paul, Minnesota, on Saturday. In the East, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received 2.83 inches of precipitation in 1 hour and 37 minutes on Sunday, the second heaviest rainfall in such a short period of time at that station. (Summary supplied by’ U. S. Weather Bureau). = OS) = STATUS OF SOME IMPORTANT INSECTS IN THE UNITED STATES PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) ) Economic Importance: Unknown as an economic pest in the United States before 1902, the pear thrips was originally supposed to be a native species, but it is now believed to have come here on nursery stock from Europe. Outbreaks of this thrips may be irregular and very severe and, since the attack is most noticeable during the flowering period, the damage has often been confused with late frost injury. When only a few thrips are present, the fruit that develops may be short-stemmed, scarred or misshapened. Injury to plants is the direct result of feeding and ovipositing but this insect is also known as a vector of fire blight. Injury due to egg deposition is more apparent on prunes and cherries. Illustration on following page shows a prune twig with deformed leaves and poorly set fruit caused by pear thrips. Distribution: Widely distributed throughout most of Asia and Europe including the British Isles. Recorded in Argentina, Canada and the United States (see map) in the Western Hemisphere. Hosts: Economic injury is practically confined to deciduous fruit trees, pear, prune and cherry being favored, though it occurs on a wide range of host plants. Life History and Habits: Adults emerge from the ground in orchards in the spring and seek buds that are beginning to open. The winged, parthenogenetic females work their way into the buds and attack the tender flower and leaf parts. Egg laying usually begins when the first leaf surfaces or fruit stems are exposed. DISTRIBUTION OF PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel)) e Zz ¥ Recorded, Locality Not Known. Map compiled in Survey and Dotection Operations, 1 1 Ri Plant Pest Control Division, Agricu: rvice, . Department of Agricul now A all available State and Federal records. 7) 4 aN. \ May 31, 1962 Da : SPSS in 4 a AS : - 714 - The majority of the eggs are deposited in fruit stems, young fruit and petioles and require about one week for hatching. The larvae feed on foliage and young fruit for 2 or 3 weeks; the brood, however, feeds over a period of two and one-half months. After feeding and developing, the larvae drop from the trees and may feed on weeds for a time, They later enter the ground, the depth depending on soil type; there they form cells in which they pupate and trans-— form into adults. It is in these soil cells that the thrips spend most of the year. Only one generation is produced per year. Description: EGG - Bean-shaped, translucent white, 0.416 mm. long and always placed in the tenderest plant tissues. LARVA - First stage 0.646 mm. long; generally translucent white; eyes reddish-brown; antennae, head and legs large in proportion to rest of body and unwieldy. Second stage (full-growmm) 1.833 mm. long; faintly yellowish-white; eyes prominent, dark reddish-brown. PREPUPA - 1.333 mm. long; translucent white, deeply tinted with brown. PUPA - 1.416 mm. long; appears brownish due to the adult within; antennae large, cumbersome, laid posteriorly over head. ADULT - 1.26 mm. long; dark brown; eyes prominent, black; wings long, slender, membranous with a fringe of fine hairs on both anterior and posterior margins and are never folded. Tooth on fore tarsus distinguishes this species from most other common thrips. Adults are more sluggish than larvae and move in a gliding motion. (Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in cooper- ation with other ARS agencies). CEIR 12(26) :6-29-62. Figures: 1. -— Damage to prune twig by Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel). 2-8 — Stages of T. inconsequens (2. - Adult. 3. - Lateral view of apex of abdomen showing ovipositor and comb. 4. - First-stage larva. 5. - Second-stage larva. 6. - Prepupa. 7. — Pupa. 8. — Side view of head of adult showing mouth parts. All figures enlarged.). Major references: 1. Parrott, P. J. 1912. The Pear Thrips, N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. (Geneva) Bul. 343, 28 pp. 2. Foster, S. W. and Jones, P. R. 1915. The Life History and Habits of the Pear Thrips in California. USDA Bur. Ent. Bul. 173, 52 pp. 3. Newcomer, E, J. 1950. Orchard Insects of the Pacific Northwest and Their Control. 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